Vol. XVIII January, 1942 No. 1 THE Pan -Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS BLAISDELL AND VAN DYKE, RALPH HOPPING..... 1 LA RIVERS, NOTES ON STICTIELLA PULLA 4 TILDEN, TOPOTYPIC ERYNNIS LACUSTRA 8 FRISON, WESTERN STONEFLIES..._ 9 BLACKWELDER, ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK OF A. FENYES 17 mccracken, book notice 22 HARRIOT, NEW CALIFORNIA OTITIDAE 23 TILDEN AND MANSFIELD, LERODEA EUFALA AT LIGHT 26 LINSLEY AND MICHENER, HYMENOPTERA FROM MT. LASSEN 27 TILDEN, OCHLODES YUMA RECORD 29 BOHART, HABITS OF CALIFORNIA POLISTES 30 PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY- ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 31 BY-LAWS 82 PROCEEDINGS FOR 1941 _... 38 San Francisco, California 1942 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. S. Ross R. L. Usinger E. C. Van Dykx Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editdr G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley Treasurer Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, R. L. Usinger, University of California Col- lege of Agriculture, Davis, California. All communications regarding non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies, and all financial communications should be addressed to the assistant editor, E. S. Ross, or the treasurer, E. R. Leach, at the California Acad- emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge. Additional copies will be reprinted at cost of publication, if a request is received when proof is returned. Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.50 per year in advance. Price for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of W redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: 1 2%x8 : !4x2 /4 inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. RALPH HOPPING 1868 — 1941 The Pan -Pacific Entomologist Vol. XVIII, No. 1 January, 1942 RALPH HOPPING" 1868 — 1941 Ralph Hopping, the son of George W. Hopping, an expert accountant of New York, and Laura De Grasse Hopping, a direct descendant of Admiral De Grasse, the commander of the French Fleet at Yorktown, was born in New York City, April 8, 1868. In April, 1891, he came to California with his father who joined the Cooperative Kaweah Colony in Tulare County. In 1892, he married Katherine Blanche Redstone and they settled down in the colony until it disintegrated, when he formed a partnership with John Broder. Under the firm name of Broder and Hopping, they conducted a stage line which carried travelers from the rail- road in the San Joaquin Valley into the lower part of the Sierras where they were transferred to pack trains and so conducted into the Giant Forest, the King’s and the Kern River Canyons. In this way, Hopping met and formed intimate friendships with many eminent people. About 1905 after the death of John Broder, Ralph Hopping entered the U. S. Forest Service and in 1912, was made Forest Entomologist with headquarters in San Francisco. He had been an amateur entomologist from boyhood and with the practical experience of a frontiersman which he had gained since he came to California, was well fitted for the position. This move com- pelled the Hoppings to give up their old home in Kaweah and move to Berkeley. From 1912 to 1919, Ralph carried on his studies and control of the injurious forest insects, his work cov- ering California, Oregon, New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado. In 1919, he was offered a position in Canada and in December of that year became Entomologist in Charge of the Vernon Forest Insect Laboratory in British Columbia. His family followed him to Canada where he remained until his death on October 29, 1941, rising to the rank of Senior Agricultural Scientist, and retiring on April 8, 1939. In September, 1929, his wife died, her death hastened by the shock of learning of the mauling which a son-in-law had received from a grizzly bear in northern British Columbia. On May 12, 1939, Ralph Hopping married Mrs. Eltha Edwards who survives him and lives in Vernon. He is also survived by two daughters, Mrs. Parker Talbot of San Luis Obispo, California, and Mrs. * Information and list of publications supplied by George W. Hopping. 2 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 H. C. Hughes of Nelson, British Columbia, and by a son, George R. Hopping, Entomologist in Charge of the Vernon Forest Insect Laboratory. Mr. Hopping received his early education in the East before coming to California but as far as his scientific training went, was self taught. From early youth, he collected and studied in- sects, particularly the Coleoptera, and kept up an extensive cor- respondence with other entomologists throughout his life. Many of the interesting things which he discovered were at first de- scribed by his friends als for instance, Henry C. Fall, but later on he described many species himself. He built up a very large collection of Coleoptera, particularly rich in the insects of the forest. He was most interested in the Ceramhycidae and his best known works are on the tribe Lepturini of that family. As a man, he was rather small, but tough and wiry, hardened by his frontier life. In disposition he was sociable and kindly, having a most attractive smile. As a result, he had a host of friends and was well liked by everyone with whom he came in contact. In his passing, the West has lost one of its best-known entomologists and a most worthy man. — Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr., and Edwin C. Van Dyke. List of Publications of Ralph Hopping 1899. Some Notes on Coleoptera Found on Species of Ceanothus. Ent. News, 10 (6) : 162-165. 1915. The Entomological Aspect of Slash Disposal. Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters, 10 (2) : 183-185. 1920. A New Species of the Genus Pissodes (Coleoptera). Can. Ent. 52 (6) : 132-134. 1 fig. 1920. Some Winter Insect Life. Can. Ent., 52 (8) :217-218. 1921. The Control of Bark Beetle Outbreaks in British Columbia. Dom. of Canada, Dept, of Agr. Circular No. 15. 1921. Depreciation by Forest Insects. Special Publication — Papers Read at British Columbia Forestry Convention, B. C. Pro- vincial Government, Victoria, B. C., pp. 24-26. 1922. A Review of the Genus Monochamus Serv. (Cerambycidae, (1921) Coleoptera) Can. Ent., 53 (11) :252-258. 2 pi. 1922. Coniferous Hosts of the Ipidae of the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Regions. Can. Ent. 54 (6) : 128-134. 1922. New Species of the Old Genus Leptura and Allied Genera. Can. Ent. 54 (7) :162-166. 1923. Forest Entomology. Proc. Ent. Soc., B. C., 17 and 19:183-187. 1924. Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa) as a Host in British Colum- bia. Can. Ent., 56 (6) : 125-128. 1925. Juniperus Scopulorum as a Host. Can Ent., 57 (5) : 105-106. 1925. New Coleoptera from Western Canada. Can Ent., 57 (8) : 206-208. JANUARY, 1942] RALPH HOPPING OBITUARY 3 1925. Relation Between Abnormality and Insect Attacks in West- ern Yellow and Jeffrey Pine Stands. Journ. For. 23(11): 932-935. 1928. Some Notes on Examination of Types of Coleoptera in the Le Conte and Casey Collections. Can. Ent., 69(1) : 6-8. 1928. (Swaine and Hopping) The Lepturini of America North of Mexico. Part I. Nat. Mus. of Canada Bulletin 52, Biol. Ser. No. 14. 97 pp., 13 pi. 1928. The Influence of Slash on Bark Beetle Outbreaks. Forestry Chronicle, 4(2) : (7 pp. ; pages of journal not numbered). 1929. (Ralph and Geo. R. Hopping) New Coleoptera from Western Canada. II. Can. Ent., 61 (11) :251-253. 1931. Two Very Common Mistakes of Entomological Writers. Can. Ent., 63(3) : 72-73. 1931. Notes on Pogonocherus. Pan-Pac. Ent., 7(3) :105-106. 1931. New Coleoptera From Western Canada. III. Can Ent., 63 (10) : 233-238. 1932. A Synonymic Note. Can. Ent., 64(3) :72. 1932. A Taxonomic Note. Can. Ent., 64(8) :173. 1933. A New Buprestid From British Columbia, with Notes on the Genus Buprestis. Pan-Pac. Ent., 9(2) : 84-88. 1933. New Coleoptera From Western Canada. IV. Can. Ent., 65 (12) : 281-286. 1934. A New Neobellamira (Coleop.). Can. Ent., 66(5) :115-116. 1934. (Ralph and Geo. R. Hopping) A Revision of the Genus Cephaloon Newm. Pan-Pac. Ent., 10 (2) : 64-70. 1934. The Chief Forest Insect Problems of the Pacific Coast of North America. Proceedings Fifth Pacific Science Con- gress (1933). Vol. V, pp. 3385-3386. Univ. of Toronto Press. 1935. New Coleoptera from Western Canada. V. Can Ent., 67 (1) :8-9. 1935. Observations on Nomenclature and Taxonomy of Coleoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia, No. 31, pp. 33-35. 1935. Revision of the Genus Mycterus Clairv. (Coleoptera, Pythi- dae) . Pan-Pac. Ent., 11(2) :75-78. 1936. Revision of the Genus Macropogon. Pan-Pac. Ent., 12(1) : 45-48. 1937. The Lepturini of America North of Mexico. Part II. Na- tional Mus. of Canada, Bull. 85, Biol. Ser. No. 22. 42 pp., 6 pi. 1937. New Coleoptera from Western Canada. VI. Can Ent., 69(4) : 89-91. 1939. A New Species of Malachius from California. Pan-Pac. Ent., 15(2) : 61-62. 1939. A New Species of Ips (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Can Ent., 71(8) :168-169. 1940. New Lepturini (Coleoptera, Cerambvcidae). Pan-Pac. Ent., 16(1) : 32-34. 1941. A New Species of Xylotrechus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) . Pan-Pac. Ent., 17 (1) :29-30. 4 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 NOTES ON THE BEMBICID, STICTIELLA PULLA (HANDLIRSCH) (Hymenoptera) BY IRA LA RIVERS Reno, Nevada During the summer of 1939, the author was able to spend some time in the cricket fields of northern Nevada, and to ob- serve, among other things, some of the interesting behavior of the small yellow-and-black burying bembicid, Stictiella pulla (Handlirsch) - 1 It was while watching the large black cricket wasp, Chlorion laeviventris (Cresson) 1 , that the small S. pulla was first seen, and thereafter, as is usual in such cases, they were seen quite commonly in the well-lighted, sand-loam, sagebrush clearings. Like the larger wasps, pulla was busiest during the early morning hours from 6:00 to 8:00, but many were still to be found digging, stocking, and attending burrows until noon. In general, however, they spent the cooler parts of each day — early morning and late afternoon — at their labors, and rested during the hot mid-day. Their behavior can be more specifically related by considering the three most important nests individually. Number 1. This wasp was first seen flying energetically about a small clearing in which six large Chlorion laeviventris were working. After examining the terrain in a series of confusingly swift dashes, she alighted and gave the loose soil several quick, experimental strokes, then abandoned the spot and made another series of observations. She repeated this four times before finally selecting a spot near the edge. Now, at 9:10 a.m., she pro- ceeded to dig in earnest. Her mandibles worked the soil loose when it refused to be torn away by the swiftly-moving forelegs, and the latter scooped loose dirt backward, sometimes in a flow- ing arc, beneath the body. If soil detritus had a tendency to pile up, it was given added impetus by the middle and hind legs in turn. At intervals, the wasp turned about and scattered the pile of debris in all directions, sometimes using her mandibles as a sort of bunting scoop, sometimes throwing it backwards beneath her body, meanwhile pivoting swiftly about to scatter it thor- oughly. She made rapid progress with the tunnel, for the soil was easily worked, and soon she was spending the greater part of her time in the burrow. determined by Miss Grace Sandhouse. JANUARY, 1942] LA RIVERS STICTIELLA 5 Each time the wasp backed into the open to clean the tunnel, she rose into the air for a short observation flight, which gener- ally consisted of flying directly up from the opening, hanging motionless in the air for half a second, then dropping back to disappear down the hole. However, this was only when every- thing seemed secure. If disturbed during these forays, she showed immediate concern and flew about in rapid jerks above the clear- ing until the source of the disturbance had passed. She was sur- prised several times by a C. laeviventris who was just finishing her own burrow only a foot and a half away. Upon such occa- sions, pulla refused to return to her tunnel until the larger wasp was back at her own. Towards laeviventris, and the still larger Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex Haldeman, individuals of whom consistently blundered over her tunnel, pulla showed no direct animosity, merely keeping her distance until they had gone, but to other interlopers more nearly her own size, she showed her displeasure by darting at them in an effort to drive them off. An unidentified halictid bee, slightly larger than pulla, was thus pursued into an adjacent clearing. At 10:27, one hour and 17 minutes later, the wasp had her burrow apparently finished to her satisfaction. During the next three minutes, she moved about over the ground at the entrance of the tunnel, and repeatedly scattered dirt in all directions. She alternated this with short trips into the nest, each time scratch- ing in a little more dirt until she finally emerged and effectively plugged the entrance. After two high observation flights, she left the nest at 10:30. At 10:54, pulla returned with a fly, which she clutched to her abdominal surface between middle and hind legs while hurriedly opening the tunnel with her forelegs, and disappeared within. She finally emerged at 11:04 and left, after closing the tunnel. At 12:45, she had not returned, and I was forced to conclude my observations of the nest. Number 2. This wasp had built her burrow before I came upon her, and was busily engaged in tending the wants of the grub which had, I learned later by digging up the nest, grown to considerable proportions. I noticed the wasp as she was pre- paring to re-open the nest and take in a fly. Emerging in four minutes, she closed the burrow and rose for a brief observation flight before disappearing. Fifteen minutes later, at 10:18 a.m., she returned with another fly, and deposited it in the burrow. I noted that she closed the entrance behind her with loose dirt, 6 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 effectively blocking it while she was inside. When she had left the second time, I dug the nest up, and found it to be 27 centi- meters long, with a slight “U” turn, and a gradual gradient of descent from entrance to end. Here I discovered the large grub at the far end of the tunnel, among the customary debris of fly wings and dried sclerites. The two flies just added to the burrow proved to be the syrphid, Helophilus latifrons 0. S., 2 a common species in the vicinity. Among the older victims was a nearly intact Sarcophaga tuber osa Pand. (This sarcophagid is a con- sistent parasite of the Mormon cricket, but because of the latter’s persistent cannibalism, the usefulness of the fly as a natural control is distinctly limited) . I subsequently found many indi- viduals of tuberosa in S. pulla nests, indicating that they were not uncommon. Number 3. This individual, like No. 1, was first seen pre- paring to dig her burrow. Her excavating behavior was, in gen- eral, much like that of No. 1, but the two instances in which her modus operandi differed are worthy of recording. While watch- ing the wasp, I noticed a tiny shadow flitting about the tunnel entrance in characteristic fashion. Locating the owner, I found a very diminutive sarcophagid resting on the earth above the burrow opening. I was already familiar with these little para- sites, having watched them at work on the larger Chlorion laevi- vsntris. There are two species, Eumacronychia elita Townsend and Euaraba tergata (Coquillet), 3 which are indistinguishable in the field, and, as indicated by collected specimens, apparently equally common. Invariably, they were first brought to my at- tention by the motion of their shadow across the ground; they themselves are characteristically greyish and thus nearly per- fectly camouflaged. The fly flew up each time the wasp emerged from the tunnel, but returned when she had gone back in. Apparently, during this time, pulla was unaware of the presence of the parasite, for she ignored it entirely. She came out of the burrow again, and busied herself scattering debris. The fly flew off, staying longer than usual, and then returned to a Gilia congesta flower six inches from the working wasp. I had begun to wonder if pulla was as totally oblivious to these flies as was C. laeviventris, and had hoped that her smaller size might, in a manner of speaking, make her eyesight sharper. Nor was I disappointed. As the fly determined by C. L. Fluke, determined by D. G. Hall. JANUARY, 1942] LA RIVERS STICTIELLA 7 alighted on the plant, her motion attracted the wasp. S. pulla rose into the air above the nest, hovered for an instant, then darted directly at the fly. The latter immediately flew up, then attempted to alight on the flower again, but the wasp swooped at her and drove her off. Beyond this bit of behavior, which I wit- nessed in other individuals of pulla, I have no further knowledge of the relationship between the two. Tablei I. Summary of Data for Twenty-five! Nests of STICTIELLA PULLA ( HAND'LLRSCH ) IN NEVADA. Nest No* Approximate Siss of Grub Approximate No. Victims No. of S. tuberosa No. of H. latifrons Length of Burrow in Cms. 1. medium 11 2 4 27 2. medium 12 0 4 27.5 2. small 4 0 1 26 4. large 12 2 0 25.5 5. large 16 0 2 27 6. large 14 0 6 27 7. large 14 1 9 28 8. large 14 0 4 28 9. large 19 2 7 29.5 10. small 6 0 1 27.5 11. small 5 0 2 27 12. large 11 0 1 28 12. large 17 2 5 25 14. large 14 0 2 26.5 15. small 2 0 0 27 16. medium 8 0 1 27 17. medium 9 1 1 26 18. small 4 2 0 28 19. medium 11 2 2 29 20. medium 9 1 1 28.5 21. medium 9 2 1 28 22. medium 11 0 4 27 22. large 16 1 2 27 24. large 15 2 2 26.5 25. large 18 1 6 27.5 Aver- sma 11-20$ 4.4 0.4 0.8 ages medium-22^ large -48$ 10.0 15.08 1.25 1.08 2.25 4.0 Total Average 11.22 1.0 2.8 27. 52 In view of the fact that the wasp attends her growing larva daily, and brings it food until pupation, it would be extremely interesting to know just how the sarcophagids take advantage of this. Their procedure must of necessity be quite different from that employed in the parasitization of laeviventris, which is a comparatively simple matter involving few obstacles. When suc- cessful, they very probably enter the newly-completed burrow just after pulla brings in the first victim, upon which she deposits her egg. Euaraba and Eumacr onychia larviposit (ever conveni- ent for a parasite) and the young sarcophagids would be able, as in the case of laeviventris, to immediately destroy the host egg 8 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 and begin feeding on the supplied food. However, there are two very interesting points in connection with this possible para- sitization upon which I have no data, and upon which hinges the entire success of the parasites. (1) How do they get past the vigilant Stictiella pulla? Unlike laeviventris, this wasp is careful to close the nest each time she leaves, and there is not room for the fly to slide past her while the owner is in the tunnel. And I doubt that the fly could gain entrance while the wasp was clearing away debris from the open- ing, and then hide at the end of the tunnel without being detected. (2) Euaraba and Eumacr onychia always, in my knowledge of their modus operandi when parasitizing the larger laeviventris, deposited an average of 20 or more larvae upon or near the host egg. To do this with Stictiella pulla would be to defeat their own purpose, for it is not likely that this small wasp could feed that many sarcophagid larvae in their middle and Last stages of growth. If successful here at all, the parasites must of necessity limit their larvae to one per nest. It would be relatively simple, from the author’s knowledge of similar behavior in related wasps, to imagine pulla being duped into feeding one sarcophagid larva, but in the many established burrows which were dug up, nothing but wasp larvae was found, showing, very probably, that the vigilance of the wasp is a strong guarantee against this particu- lar form of victimization. Erynnis lacustra (Wright) from near the Type Locality (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) On May 24, 1938, the writer took several specimens of this species, and saw others, about 14 miles from Middletown, Lake County, California, on the road to St. Helena. The terrain was mountainous and covered with a mixed forest. The insects were taken at the side of the road, where water was seeping from the road bank. The type locality is given as Blue Lakes, Lake County, Cali- fornia. While Middletown is quite a few miles from the Blue Lakes, it is in the same general region. It is interesting to note that practically all the specimens of this species that are found in collections, have been taken in southern California. Mr. Lowell Hulbirt of Glendora, California, has taken them in con- siderable numbers in the Mohave region. The specimens from Middletown represent the nearest ap- proach to topotypical specimens that I have seen. — J. W. Tilden. JANUARY, 1942] FRISON STONEFLIES 9 DESCRIPTIONS, RECORDS AND SYSTEMATIC NOTES CONCERNING WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN STONEFLIES (Plecoptera) BY T. H. FRISON Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana Since the publication of my last paper on stoneflies (Frison, 1937), much material from western states has been studied. The taxonomic and nomenclatorial results of part of my study are hereby presented. All holotypes, allotypes and some of the paratypes designated in this article are deposited in the collection of the Illinois Natu- ral History Survey. Paratypes of some of the species are de- posited in other collections as noted. Dr. Carl O. Mohr, Associate Entomologist with the Illinois Natural History Survey, has made the drawings used to illustrate this paper, and I am deeply grateful to him for this service. In connection with the preparation of this paper, I am in- debted to the following individuals and institutions for the loan of material, permission to study typic specimens intimately and other favors of a varied character: Professor Nathan Banks, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Phila- delphia, Pa.; Dr. Henry Dietrich, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Mr. S. G. Jewett, Jr., Portland, Ore.; Professor Trevor Kincaid, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Dr. G. F. Knowlton, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah; Dr. R. L. Post, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Ore.; and Dr. W. E. Ricker, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Taeniopteryx PACIFICA Banks Taeniopteryx pacifica Banks. 1900. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 26:244. Taeniopteryx raynoria Claassen. 1937. Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc. 10(2) : 46. April. New synonymy. Taeniopteryx kincaidi Hoppe. 1938. Univ. Wash. Pub. in Biol. 4(2) :164. Dec. New synonymy. Recently, it has been my privilege to study the types of Taeniopteryx raynoria Clsn. (1937), T. vunduzeea Clsn. (1937) and T. kincaidi Hoppe (1938). As a result of these studies, and comparisons with other material in the Illinois Natural History 10 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Survey collection, I have come to the conclusion that T. raynoria and T. hincaidi are synonyms of T. pacifca Banks (1900). T. vanduzeea Clsn., however, is a valid species and differs particularly from all other western species of this genus by having a small lobe on the ninth sternite; in this respect resem- bling the eastern T. contorta N. & C. (1925). T. raynoria and T. hincaidi depart from typical pacifica in minor details only. Studies of series of specimens of Taeni- opteryx of various species show that minor variations in shape and size of certain structures within a species are to be expected. Hoppe (1938), in the key separating males of Taeniopteryx accompanying her original description, separates pacifica from hincaidi on the basis of the presence or absence of “two raised rearward pointing appendages” on the tenth tergite. These raised, flaplike appendages, although varying considerably in size, are a characteristic of males of pacifica and are present in the holo- typic and paratypic males of hincaidi. Taeniopteryx nivalis (Fitch) Nemoura nivalis Fitch. 1847. Am. Jour. Ag. and Sci. 5(13) :279. May. Since this common eastern North American species has not been previously recorded from west of the Mississippi River, the following records of specimens from Oregon are given: Corvallis, Oak Creek (Biol. 113), 2$, 42, 5 exuviae; Jan. 24, 1935, R. Prentiss, 5c?, 3 exuviae; Jan. 30, 1935, R. W. Prentiss, 2 $, 12, 1 nymph; Feb. 2, 1934, F. Hinman, 1 2 ; Jan. 30, 1934, in spider web, 1 2 ; Jan. 31, 1934, 1 2 ; April 2, 1935, B. Crowell, 1 2 ; Jan. 31, 1936, 2 2 ; Jan. 1, 1936, 5 2 ; Jan. 31, 1936, H. Eisen- schmidt, 2 $ ; March 15, 1935, J. Schuh, 1 $ ; Jan. 10, 1935, 3 nymphs; March 6, 1936, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 22. Hillsboro, March 19, 1936, Gray & Schuh, 42. Portland, Johnson Creek at Errol Station, Feb. 3, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 5$, 62; Feb. 3, 1939, Johnson Creek at 82nd Street, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 6 6, 22. Co- lumbia County, Beaver Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 12. St. Helens, Columbia County, Milton Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 22. Benton County, Marys River, Feb. 10, 1938, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 2 S : Feb. 10, 1938, Muddy Creek, S. G. Jewett, Jr., $ $ , 2 2; Jan. 10, 1938, E. E. Crawford, 1 nymph; Feb. 10, 1938, E. E. Crawford, 1 2. A careful study of these Oregon specimens, including com- parisons with material from other parts of the country, has failed JANUARY, 1942] FRISON STONEFLIES 11 to reveal any fundamental difference between eastern and west- ern specimens. Some slight difference in the shading of areas in the wings between Illinois and Oregon specimens was observed but nothing to warrant separation into different taxonomic cate- gories. NemouRA PRODUCTA Claassen Nemoura producta Claassen. 1923. Can. Ent. 55:286. Nemoura produ-cta Ricker. 1939. Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, 35:21. Feb. Nemoura tuberculata Frison. 1937. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bui. 21(3) :84. The original description of Nemoura producta Claassen, with- out locality data, contains a curious omission which led me in 1937 to redescribe this species under the name of N. tuberculata. That tuberculata was a synonym of producta became known to Ricker (1939) but through error this synonymy was published as “N. producta Claassen (syn. N. tuberculifera Frison).” I have never described any species by the name of tuberculifera and I know from material and correspondence that tuberculata was intended. The troublesome omission in the original description of Claassen was a lack of reference to the extraordinary tubercles on the second, third and fourth abdominal tergites of the male (Frison 1937, fig. 71), something unique in North American Nemoura. How these structures came to be overlooked by Claas- sen I do not understand, since they are present in the holotypic male in the collection of Cornell University. The present notes concerning this species are given here to clarify the literature to date and to give a proper basis for recognition of the new species which follows next. Nemoura pseudoproducta Frison, new species Figures la-lb Male. Similar in most morphological features to Nemoura producta Clsn. (1923) as redescribed under the name of N. tuber- culata Frison (1937). It differs from producta (= tuberculata ) in lacking the peculiar tubercles on the second, third and fourth ab- dominal tergites, in having the subanal lobes, viewed from the side, with their tips spear-point shaped (fig. la), and in having slight differences in the supra-anal and subanal lobes, viewed from above, 12 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Figures 1-4. Western North American Stoneflies, JANUARY, 1942] FRISON STONEFLIES 13 and best visualized by a study of fig. 71 of a previous paper (Frison 1937) and fig. lb of the present study. Holotype, male, Corvallis, Oregon, Oak Creek, April 4, 1937, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratypes: same data as for holotype, 15 ; Benton County, Woods Creek, March 5, 1938, 1 5 ; Portland, Multnomah County, Feb. 19, 1936, 15, and March 17, 1936, 3 5 ; Multnomah Falls, Multnomah County, April 8, 1939, 15. All from Oregon and collected by S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratypes in collections of Illinois Natural History Survey and S. G. Jewett, Jr. In addition to the above males, I am certain I have the female specimens of this new species but they are so similar to the female of producta, as described by Frison (1937) under the name tuberculata, that I consider it unwise at the present time to include this sex in the typic series. Some of these females have the same data associated with them as the males included in the typic series. Nemoura decepta Frison, new species Figures 2a-2d Male. Body and appendages essentially brown with paler inter- segmental areas. No gill remnants. Head much wider than pronotum; lateral ocelli about as far apart as each is distant from compound eye, median ocellus located slightly anterior to a line between front margin of compound eyes. Pronotum broader than long. Wings uniformly hyaline. Abdominal tergites without tubercles or special structures. Anal cerci, figs. 2a, 2b and 2c, one-segnvented, bulbous and without special structures. Supra- anal process visible from above; with two inward pointing teeth or hooks at tip and two outward point- ing hooks on sides, figs. 2b and 2c; ninth sternite much produced behind like a subgenital plate and with a small lobe at base of anterior margin, figs. 2a and 2d. Length of body, 4.5 mm.; length to tip of wings, 6 mm. Holotype, male, Estes Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Mill Creek, Colorado, June 11, 1937. Paratypes: foot of Longs Peak, Colorado, June 13, 1937, 2 5 ; Upper Peace River District, Red Bug Slough, north British Co- lumbia, elevation 4,000 feet, August 5, 1932, J. de N. Henry, 1 5 (collection of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia). Associated with the paratypic males from the “Foot of Longs Peak, Colorado,” is a female which I consider to be of this species. I have not included it in the typic series or made it the allotype because it is somewhat teneral. 14 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Megaleuctra Neave Megaleuctra Neave. 1934. Can. Ent. 66:4. This interesting genus was originally described from two females collected in British Columbia and placed by its describer (1934) in the family Nemouridae. A year later (1935), in com- menting on the classification of North American stoneflies in general, I placed this genus in the family Leuctridae and still hold to this assignment. The question of the number of species in the genus is trouble- some because of lack of sufficient material in collections, lack of association of males with proper females and lack of knowledge concerning how the females in the species may be distinguished. At the present time three specific names are standing in literature; spectabilis Neave (genotype of Megaleuctra ) described from the female, and the names of stigmata Banks (1900) and complicata Claassen (1937) based upon males. The species stigmata was placed in the genus Nemoura when described but has been correctly shifted to Megaleuctra by Cla- assen (1937). At this same time, however, Claassen made sev- eral statements which require reappraisal. One of these state- ments is that “A study of the male type of Nemoura stigmata Banks shows that it is identical with Megaleuctra spectabilis Neave which was described from female specimens” and he so definitely synonymized them. The marked difference in mor- phological structures between males and females is such that the morphological characters held in common denote no more than generic affinity. Claassen further attempts to support his pro- posed synonymy by pointing out that Banks’ type came from “Winnipeg, B. C.” and that Neave’s type came from the “Purcell Range, B. C.” I have been unable to find a locality in British Columbia named Winnipeg and suspect that it is incorrect to assume both types are from the same general geographical area. Banks, in the original description, gives the type locality of stigmata as “Winnipeg, British America” and the type (M.C.Z. No. 11360) has a label “Winnipeg, B. Col.” It is probable that the type was collected at or near Winnipeg, Manitoba. Regardless of whether or not the type of stigmata came from British Columbia or Manitoba, the occurrence of both stigmata and spectabilis in British Columbia would not prove they are identical. Another species of Megaleuctra, distinct from stigmata, and named complicata by Claassen, is known from Oregon, and JANUARY, 1942] FRISON STONEFLIES 15 an additional new species from the nearby state of Washington is described in this paper. In other words, spectabilis may be a valid species with its male unknown or it may be the female of com- plicata, stigmata or the new species described in this paper. Studies of the types of complicata (Cornell Univ. Coll.) and stigmata (M.C.Z.) reveal they are valid and morphologically dis- tinct species and in turn they are both different from the new species of this genus described in this paper. Until incontestable data are available, four species of Megaleuctra ( stigmata , spec- tabilis, complicata and the following new one) must be recog- nized. These four certainly represent three valid species because of the markedly different genital structures presented by the males. Priority of and synonymy of names, if any, depend upon the final status of spectabilis. Whether Megaleuctra as a generic name must give priority to Udamocercia Enderlein (1909) must await a better understanding of the world fauna. Megaleuctra kincaidi Frison, new species Figures 3a-3c Head, thorax, abdomen and appendages light to dark brown. Head through compound eyes much wider than pronotum; three ocelli forming a nearly equilateral triangle, lateral ocelli over twice as far apart as each is distant from compound eye; maxillary palpi large, about the same diameter as basal antennal segments. Pronotum about as wide as long, margins light colored, central area darker with indication of a wide, longitudinal, lighter median stripe. Legs with second tarsal segment much shorter than third, the third much shorter than first, the first about as long as second and third combined. Ninth tergite, figs. 3a and 3b, with two sharply pointed tuber- cles on middle area; tenth tergite, figs. 3a and 3b, at posterior margin with a peculiar, highly sclerotized structure arising be- tween and above the anal cerci and then bent forward again about at right angles, this structure with its outer upper corners flared out and with its middle area sunken to form a groove or channel in which lies a long, recurved, subanal process originating between subanal lobes; under this angled structure at its base on dorsal area is a membranous, rearward-directed flap; anal cerci long, single segmented; subanal process long, recurved over dorsal tip of abdomen, resting in the groove of the process arising on the tenth tergite, and originating between subanal lobes, head of this process bulbous, viewed from the side; ninth sternite, fig. 3c, with a short, stout, spurlike appendage in the middle area of its basal 16 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 part and a sub-genital-like plate on its posterior margin; subanal lobes strongly sclerotized and forming basal area where subanal process originates. Wings with membrane essentially hyaline and veins dark brown; pterostigmatic space in both forewings and hindwings with con- spicuous marking, the area next to the subcosta hyaline, followed in turn by a dark patch and then by a milky-white patch. No gill remnants on any body area. Length to tip of wings, 15 mm. ; length to tip of abdomen, 13 mm. Holotype, male, Mount Rainier, Washington, Fryingpan Creek, Elevation 5,000 feet, July 23, 1937, W. E. Ricker. Paratypes: between St. Helens and Vernonia, Oregon, April 17, 1937, Gray & Schuh, 1 S ; Seattle, Wash., April 14, 1932, 1 $ (specimen recorded as M. stigmata Banks? by Hoppe (1936)). The shape of the peculiar structure at the posterior margin of the tenth tergite, on which the subanal process rests, will readily separate this species from complicata Claassen and stig- mata Banks. In order to further the identification of the species of Megaleuctra, I am presenting here illustrations of a specimen of complicata compared with the type (figs. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d). The great difference in length and shape of the structure on the tenth tergite in kincaidi and complicata can be seen by compar- ing figs. 3a and 4a. The type of stigmata has this same structure long as in complicata but more narrowed on its apical portion, the tubercules on the ninth tergite are quite different in shape, and an additional flaplike structure extends from the anterior margin of tergite back between the tubercles, something which is lacking in both complicata and kincaidi. The presence or absence of a stub of a vein at the point of origin of the radial sector in the forewing is mentioned by Claas- sen (1937) as having possible significance in separating the species stigmata and complicata. This is a variable venational character of no specific value as proved by a female of Mega>- leuctra (species ? ) , in the Illinois Natural History Survey col- lection, which has right and left wings variable in this respect. Minor variations of wing venation are common in stoneflies, even in the case of those species belonging to genera with restricted wing venation such as Megaleuctra. ( To be continued in next number) JANUARY, 1942] BLACKWELDER DR. A. FENYES 17 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK OF ADALBERT FENYES BY RICHARD E. BLACKWELDER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C . 1 The death on February 22, 1937, of Dr. Adalbert Fenyes lessened by one the small number of taxonomists specializing in the large beetle family Staphylinidae. Although Dr. Fenyes did little work on his insects during the last twenty years, his publi- cations are of importance particularly because of his studies on the difficult subfamily Aleocharinae, on which he wrote volume 173 of the Genera Insectorum. During the entomologically active part of his life, Dr. Fenyes assembled a very fine collection of the Aleocharinae and an ex- tensive library. It has been thought worth while to record in detail the disposition of this collection and library as well as to present a complete list of his publications. Notices appeared at the time of Dr. Fenyes’ death in this journal, 2 but the data given concerning his library and collection were incomplete and some- what misleading. The following notes are intended to clear up certain of these points and place on record the details of the present disposition of the collection and library. Prior to the death of Dr. Fenyes it was understood that he had completed a very large manuscript on North American Aleo- charinae but was unable to publish it. At one time he was be- lieved to be willing to sell his collection and library for the amount which would pay for the publication of the manuscript. In December, 1935, a notice appeared in Entomological News offering the collection and library for sale. Nothing had come of this advertisement at the time of his death. Shortly after the death of Dr. Fenyes his collection and library were purchased by the California Academy of Sciences. In addition to the specimens and books the Academy received his notebooks and manuscripts. The notes consisted primarily of about 35,000 5"x9" sheets bound into 73 loose leaf binders. These notes include the preliminary work on the Genera Insec- torum volume and other papers, a general bibliography of the Aleocharinae, collecting and accession notes, tabulations of the characters of the Aleocharinae genera, about 400 colored draw- ings of Aleocharinae, and copied original descriptions of a large Published with permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 2 Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 13, p. 144 ; Fall, H. C., Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 13, pp. 145-147. 18 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 percentage of the genera and species of Aleocharinae of the world. At the time that these notebooks were received at the California Academy, Mr. Van Duzee thought that they were the large manuscript which Dr. Fenyes was supposed to have ready for publication. It seems almost certain now that they are merely Fenyes’ working notes, in part already published, and the manu- script has been lost (or possibly was never actually prepared). The entire entomological library of Dr. Fenyes was purchased from the Academy jointly by Drs. E. G. Linsley and R. L. Usinger. The large number of Staphylinid separates in the library was then sold to the present writer together with a few books dealing only with the Staphylinidae. A few additional items were sold to the University of California and a few to individual entomol- ogists in California and elsewhere, leaving the balance of the library in the possession of Dr. Linsley and Dr. Usinger. Dr. Fenyes’ own annotated copies of the basic Staphylinid works are principally to be found in the library of the writer. These include Erichson’s Kdfer der Mark Brandenburg and his Staphylinorum, des Gozis’ Type species, numerous monographs by Wasmann, Fauvel, Bernhauer, etc., Kraatz’ Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, Sharp’s Biologia Centrali- Americana, and Fenyes’ part of the Genera Insectorum. The latter work contains very numerous typographical errors, many of which are cor- rected in Fenyes’ own hand. The Fenyes collection is being adequately cared for at the California Academy of Sciences. Its value lies not so much in its size but in the remarkable completeness in certain respects. It contains, for example, specimens of the genotypes of 85 per cent of the Aleocharine genera and subgenera. Of the remaining genera most are represented by several species, and it is notice- able throughout that very small series are not the rule. There is little type material in the collection, but in the Aleocharinae it is the genotypes which will be of most importance in the near future. Entomological Publications of Dr. A. Fenyes 1. 1903. Palaeox&nus ( Cryptostoma ) dohrnii Horn. Ent. News, 14:20. [Notes with a definite California record.] 2. 1906. [Note.] Ent. News, 17:310. [Notes on validity of Poly- stoma and Coenonica.] 3. 1907. The Aleocharinae by Casey. Ent. News, 18:60-61. [Cor- rections to Casey’s paper of 1906. Proposes L&ptusa caseyi, n.n. for L. tricolor Csy. (not Scriba) and Oxypoda dubia, n.n. for O. ancilla C'sy. (not Sahlberg.)] JANUARY, 1942] BLACK WELDER DR. A. FENYES 19 4. 1908. A preliminary arrangement of the Aleocharinae of the United States and Canada. Ent. News, 19:56-65. [Sys- tematic list and bibliography.] 5. 1908. Verbesserungen zu den Aleocharinae des neuen Cata- logus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae Ros- sicae. Deutsche. Ent. Ztschr., 1908, p. 60. [Notes and cor- rections concerning Aleocharinae.] 6. 1909. Two new species of Aleocharinae from California. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 11:197-199. [Descriptions of Gnathusa eva, n.gen. and n.sp., and Bolitochara unicolor, n.sp.] 7. 1909. A new Staphylinid genus from California. Canad. Ent., 41:325-326. [Descriptions of Symbiochara lativentris, n.gen. and n.sp.] 8. 1909. New Aleocharinae of the United States. Ent. News, 20:418-425. [Descriptions of Silusa densa, S. opaca, Atheta ( Halobrecta ) algophila, A. ( Atheta ) hilaris, A. ( Dimetrota ) laetula, A. ( D .) neomexicana, A. (D.) nigrita, A. (Metaxya) subpolaris, and Ocalea ( Ocalea ) fusca, n.spp.] 9. 1910. [Outline and keys to tribes and genera of Aleocharinae] in Blatchley, W. S., Coleoptera of Indiana. 10: 1910. A new Staphylinid genus from Arizona. Ent. News, 21: 117-119. [Descriptions of Beyeria vespa, n.gen. and sp.] 11. 1912. Falagria Mannh. and its relatives. Jour. New York Ent. Soc., 20:20-27. [Notes, synonymy, and distribution of North American Falagriae, with designation of geno- types and catalog of species.] 12. 1912. Remarks on Gnypeta Thoms. Canad. Ent., 44:105-112. [Catalog, synonymy, notes, and key to North American species; notes on Central and South American, and European and Oriental species.] 13. 1912. Gyronycha Csy., a critical study. Ent. News, 23:123-125. [Discussion of relationships of genera allied to Gy- ronycha. ] 14. 1912. Aleocharinae from the Aleutian Islands. Proc. Pacific Coast Ent. Soc., 1912, 4 pp. [Notes and systematic ar- rangement.] 15. 1914. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute. Aleocharinae. Archiv f. Naturg., vol. 80', Abt. A, Heft 2, pp. 45-55. [Descriptions of Myllaena insularis, Homalota opaca, Tachyusida lutei- pennis, Schistogenia bicolor, S. dubia, Gnypeta inducta, Atheta ( Acrotona ) vexans, Astilbus ocularis, Zyras (Rhynchodonia) abbreviatus, Aleochara ( Aleochara ) in- sularis, A. ( Euryodma ) antennalis, A. {Isochar a) cri- brata, n.spp., with notes on other species.] 16. 1918. Genera Insectorum, fasc. 173A, pp. 1-110. [Historical review, partial key to genera, list of genotypes, bibliog- raphy, systematic arrangement with catalogs of species. No new names.] 20 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 17. 1920. Genera Insectorum, fasc. 173B, pp. 111-414. [Systematic arrangement with catalogs of species (cont.). New names: Tachyusa solskyi for T. cavicollis Solsky (1871) ; Atheta sericina for A. sericata Muls. & Rey (1875) ; Atheta nova for A. impressicollis Bnhr. (1907) ; A. catharinae for A. parallela Bnhr. (1908) ; A. poppiusi for A. praticola Popp. (1908-09) ; A. vega for A. atri- cornis Sahib. (1885); A. stercoris for A. columbica Bnhr. (1907) ; A. maeklini for A. moesta Makl. (1852) ; A. fauveli for A. acuticollis Fvl. (1907) ; A. duplicata for A. unigrcdnosa Bnhr. (1909) ; A. pugnans for A. militaris Csy. (1911) ; Zyras contristatus for Z. constritatus Per. (1904) (emendation). New genus: Lypoglossa. New subgenera: Disoporina and Hypatheta (of Atheta ) .] 18. 1921. Genera Insectorum, fasc. 173C, pp. 415-453, pis. 1-7. [Systematic arrangement with catalog of species (con- cluded) , index, plates. No new names.] 19. 1921. New Genera and species of Aleocharinae with a poly- tomic synopsis of the tribes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 17-36. [Descriptions of Diglotta pacifica, n.sp., Thaxteria insularis, n.gen. and sp., Cyphea wallisi, n.sp., Strophogastra penicillatus, n.g. and sp., Mesaraeus laevigatus, n.gen. and sp., Hydrosmectina macra, n.sp., Lipodonta veris, n.gen. and sp., Periergopus sculptus, n.gen. and sp., Gnathusa tenuicornis, n.sp., Anocalea thaxteri, n.gen. and sp., Hygropora americana, n.sp., Polylobus thaxteri, n.sp., Microglotta barberi, n.sp., Pseudoplandria laeta, n.gen and sp., and Aleochara ( Iso - chara) perturbans, n.sp.; key to 27 tribes of Aleocha- rinae (one of which is new.] New Names of Coleoptera Proposed by Dr. A. Fenyes [Acrotona vexans; see Atheta] Aleochara antennalis, 15:54 (subg. Euryodma) Formosa cribrata, 15:55 (subg. Isochara) Formosa insularis, 15:53 (subg. Aleochara) Formosa perturbans, 19:32 (subg. Isochara) Manitoba Anocalea, 19:27 (genotype, A. thaxteri) thaxteri, 19:27 Chile Astilbus ocularis, 15:50 Formosa Atheta algophila, 8:419 (subg. Halobrectha) California catharinae, 17:187 (subg. Microdota) (parallela Bnhr. 1908 =) duplicata, 8:213 (subg. Atheta) (unigranosa Bnhr. 1909 =) fauveli, 17:205 (subg. Dimetrota) (acuticollis Fvl. 1907 =) hilaris, 8:420 (subg. Atheta) New Mexico laetula, 8:421 (subg. Dimetrota) (U. S.) JANUARY, 1942] BLACKWELDER DR. A. FENYES 21 Atheta maeklini, 17:205 (subg. Dimetrota) (moesta Makl. 1852 =) neomexicanus, 8:422 (subg. Dimetrota) New Mexico nigrita, 8:423 (subg. Dimetrota) California nova, 17:187 (subg. Microdota) (impressicollis Bnhr. 1907 =) poppiusi, 17:197 (subg. Metaxya) (praticola Popp. 1908-09 =) pugnans, 17:218 (subg. Traumoecia) (militaris Csy. 1911 =) sericina, 17:186 (subg. Microdota) (sericata Muls. & Rey, 1875 =) stercoris, 17:205 (subg. Dimetrota) (columbica Bnhr. 1907 =) subpolaris, 8:423 (subg. Metaxya) Arizona vega, 17:198 (subg. Metaxya) (atricornis Sahib. 1885 =) vexans, 15:50 (subg. Acrotona) Formosa Beyeria, n. gen., 10:118 (genotype, B. vespa) vespa, 10:119 Arizona Bolitochara unicolor, 6:198. California Cyphea wallisi, 19:19 Manitoba Diglotta pacifica, 19 : 17 California [Dimetrota fauveli; see Atheta] [ ” laetula; see Atheta] [ ” maeklini; see Atheta] [ ” neomexicana; see Atheta] [ ” nigrita; see Atheta] [ ” stercoris; see Atheta] Disoporina, n. subg., 17:205 (genotype, D. ernestinae) [Euryodma antennalis; see Aleochara] Gnathusa, n. gen., 6:197 (genotype, G. eva) eva, 6:198 California tenuicornis, 19:26 Calif., B. C. Gnypeta inducta, 15:49 Formosa [Halobrectha algaphila; see Atheta] Homalota opaca, 15:46 Formosa Hydrosmectina macra, 19:23.. California Hygropora americana, 19:28 Brit. Columbia Hypatheta, n. subg., 17:206 (genotype, H. castanoptera) [Isochara cribrata; see Aleochara] [ ” perturbans; see Aleochara] Leptusa casey i, 3:61 (tricolor Csy. 1906 =) Lipodonta, n. gen., 19:24 (genotype L. veris) veris, 19:24 California Lypoglossa, n. gen., 17:239 (genotype, L. fenyesi) Mesaraeus, n. gen., 19:21 (genotype, M. laevigatus) laevigatus, 19:22 Argentina 22 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 [Metaxya poppiusi; see Atheta] [ ” subpolaris; see Atheta] [ ” vega; see Atheta] [Microdota catharinae; see Atheta] [ “ nova; see Atheta] “ sericina; see Atheta] Microglotta barberi, 19:30 Virginia Myllaena insularis, 15:45 Formosa Ocalea fusca, 8:424 (subg. Ocalea) Arizona Periergopus, n. gen., 19:25 (genotype, P. sculptus) sculptus, 19:25 Cameroons Polylobus thaxteri, 19:29 Chile Pseudoplandria, n. gen., 19:30 (genotype, P. laeta) laeta, 19:31 Philippines [Rhynchodonia abbreviatus; see Zyras] Schistogenia bicolor, 15:47 Formosa dubia, 15:48 Formosa Silusa densa, 8:418 California opaca, 8:418 California Strophogastra, n. gen., 19:20 (genotype, S. penicillata) penicillata, 19:20 Manitoba Symbiochara, n. gen., 7:325 (genotype, S. lativentris) lativentris, 7:326 California Tachyusa solsltyi, 17:172 (subg. Tachyusa) (cavicollis Solsky, 1871 =) Tachyusida luteipennis, 15:47 Formosa Thaxteria, n. gen., 19:17 (genotype, T. insularis) insularis, 19:18 Grenada [Traumoecia pugnans; see Atheta] Zyras abbreviatus, 15:52 (subg. Rhynchodonia) Formosa contristatus, 17:301 (emendation) (constritatus Per. 1904 =) Gall Insects Plant Galls and Gall Makers, by Ephraim Porter Felt. Pages viii 364, 344 figs, in text. Published by Comstock Publishing Co., May 1940. Price $4.00. Dr. Felt has given us, in the words of his publisher, “ a greatly extended and more comprehensive account of the author’s ‘Key to American Insect Galls’, which was published in 1918. It includes a selected bibliography of recent publications.” The text is divided in two sections: I. Introduction. A discussion of types of galls, gall producers, and of the development, distribution, collecting and rearing of galls (35 pages). II. Keys to the galls of various plant families, with concise discussions of host, family and gall char- acteristics (331 pp.). The clear-cut illustrations will be a great aid in identification work. Dr. Felt has given us an up-to-date book on the subject which should do much to further the study of gall insects and their work in the future. — I. McCracken. JANUARY, 1942] HARRIOT OTITIDAE 23 NEW SPECIES OF OTITIDAE FROM CALIFORNIA (Diptera) BY SAMUEL C. HARRIOT I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. C. H. Curran for his helpful criticism in the preparation of this paper. The speci- mens described are from the collections of Dr. Mont A. Cazier, Mr. Bernard Brookman, and Dr. T. H. G. Aitken. The drawing is by Miss Alice Gray. The following key will help to separate the described species of Tritoxa Loew. Table of Species 1. All black species; posterior cross-vein almost perpendicular. flexa Wiedemann Brownish or reddish yellow species 2 2. Face with a red median longitudinal mark 4 -. Face without such a red mark; abdomen mostly black 3 3. Thoracic dorsum with two distinct, whitish, pollinose, longitu- dinal stripes; third hyaline cross-band arcuated ..incurva Loew -. Thoracic dorsum without distinct longitudinal stripes ; third hyaline cross-band almost perpendicular and straight . cuneata Loew 4. Posterior cross-vein with a spur in the middle.. ..ra, new species Posterior cross-vein without such a spur pollinosa Cole Tritoxa ra Harriot, new species (Fig. 1) A slender reddish yellow species. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Male: Front opaque, reddish yellow except for a narrow whitish pollinose strip along inner margin of eyes. Occiput shin- ing reddish yellow, posterior orbits white pollinose extending to the oral margin. Face yellowish, whitish in certain lights, a reddish mark in the center extending from oral margin about half way up the face; cheeks wholly brown below the eyes. Front wider than one eye, with sparse black hairs except between the upper pair of frontals; cheeks about three-fifths the eye height. Two pairs of reclinate frontals; verticals moderately strong, ocelars short and proclinate. Proboscis brown; palpi yellowish with black hairs. Antennae reddish yellow, third segment about one-third as wide as long; arista black and finely pubescent. Thorax reddish yellow; mesonotum opaque, the posterior portions of humeri and sides of mesonotum behind suture shining; a dark brown stripe covered with whitish pollinose extending from 24 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 slightly before anterior supra-alar bristle to base of wing. Thoracic dorsum with two parallel grayish pollinose stripes ; ground color underneath stripes black. Pleura shining, reddish yellow, lightly whitish pollinose when viewed obliquely; sterno- pleura surrouding the bristle dark brown; a whitish pollinose area above front coxae. Scutellum shining reddish yellow, dark brown on apical half. Legs reddish yellow, tarsi darker. Wings brown with three hyaline cross-bands as figured. Longitudinal and cross- veins sinuous; a spur in the middle of posterior cross- vein. Squamae and halteres white. Abdomen reddish yellow, with many short black bristles. Female. Similar to male. Ovipositor shining reddish yellow, darkened at apex of first segment, with short sparse black hairs. Figure 1. Wing of Tritoxa ra Harriot, n. sp. Holotype, male, Lone Pine, Inyo County, California, June 16, 1937 (Cazier collection). Allotype, female, Lone Pine, Inyo County, California, June 6, 1937 (L. D. Phillips). Paratype, male, Diaz Lake, Owens Valley, Inyo County, California, June 7, 1937 (Aitken collection). The holotype is in the American Museum of Natural History; the allotype, No. 5229, and para- type have been deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. Euxesta brookmani Harriot, new species This species traces out to scutellaris Curran in his key to American Euxesta Loew (Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 812, p. 12) but is larger, the wings are clear hyaline not whitish, the costal and subcostal cells are much darker, and the fourth vein ends before the tip of the wing. Length, 6 mm. JANUARY, 1942] HARRIOT OTITIDAE 25 Female. Head shining reddish, the face whitish pollinose; occiput with a brownish spot on either side above the neck. Front slightly wider than one eye, sparsely covered with short black hairs arising from very small punctures. Frontal and oc- celar bristles weak, verticals moderately strong. Cheeks in profile a little more than one-half the eye height. Face concave in pro- file. Proboscis black; palpi reddish. Antennae reddish, the third segment about twice as long as wide, apex rounded, arista black, thickened on basal seventh, yellowish near base. Thoracic dorsum almost wholly bronze black, thickly ashy pollinose. Humeri and sides of mesonotum behind the suture shining reddish. Pleura mostly shining bluish black, propleura and mesopleura often red- dish. Sternopleura and hypopleura lightly pollinose. Metanotum and pectus shining bluish black. Scutellum shining reddish. Legs reddish. Hand tibiae mostly black. One-half to three-fourths of outer surface of hind femora black, the middle tibiae some- times darkened. Wings clear hyaline, veins yellow except on the dark areas, costal and subcostal cells almost black; triangular apical spot dark brown, extending from costa to fourth vein and to scarcely one-third of distance from posterior cross-vein; fourth vein ending before tip of wing. Squamae and knob of halteres white. Abdomen shining black, venter sometimes reddish at base. Holotype, female, and paratypes, five females, Grotto Canyon, Death Valley, Inyo County, California, March 23, 1940 (Bernard Brookman). All specimens from human excrement. The holo- type, No. 5230, has been deposited in the California Academy of Sciences; the paratypes are in the American Museum of Natural History. Euxesta anna Harriot, new species Would run to notata Wiedemann in Curran’s key to American Euxesta Loew (Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 812, p. 13) but the abdomen is differently colored, and the apex of the abdomen of the female is not yellowish. Differs from pechumani Curran in that the median brown spot does not extend beyond the second vein. Female. Front dark reddish, narrower than one eye, black toward vertex and along upper margins bordering eyes; a whitish pollinose horizontal stripe bisecting front, sometimes in- distinct. Posterior orbits whitish pollinose, broadly so below. Face concave in profile; the upper half of face and parafacials and cheeks whitish pollinose, the parafacials and cheeks reddish 26 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 in ground color; oral margin and clypeus shining steel blue. Cheeks about two-thirds as wide as eye height. Proboscis and palpi black. Antennae reddish, brown above; arista black, thick- ened on basal sixth. Thorax steel blue, thinly whitish pollinose; mesonotum, scutellum and pleura shining. Legs black or brown- ish, the trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae and metatarsi yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, costal cell tinged with yellowish to a little beyond humeral cross-vein, a brown spot at apex of costal cell extending as far as second vein; stigma yellowish. The apical brown spot extends from, costa back to about middle of apical cell. The fourth vein ends before tip of wing. Squamae white; knobs of halteres reddish. Abdomen dark shining metallic green or purple. Ovipositor black. Male. Similar to the female. Holotype, female, allotype, male, and three female paratypes, Tustin, California, June 14, 1938, J. G. Shanafelt (Cazier Col- lection) . All of the types are in the American Museum of Natural History. A Capture of Lerodea eufala Edwards at Light (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) On the night of September 28, 1940, Mansfield took a speci- men of Lerodea eufala Edw. at a neon sign on Santa Clara Avenue, San Jose, California. The specimen is a female, and is the only record known to us of the species, from Santa Clara County. Tilden has taken the species in the San Joaquin Valley near Newman, where it is quite common, hut we know no other case than the above, of its occurrence west of the Mt. Hamilton Range. The capture of the specimen at light is especially interesting. Previous to this, our only captures of diurnals at lights were of the two species of nymphalids, Vanessa caryce Hbn. and Vanessa cardui (L.), both of which are not infrequently taken in this manner. There are scattered references in the literature to the capture of various butterflies at lights, although butterflies are not con- sidered to be phototropic as a group. This is the first time that the capture of a skipper in such a manner has come to our atten- tion. — J. W. Tilden and G. S. Mansfield. JANUARY, 1942] LINSLEY & MICHENER HYMENOPTERA 27 NOTES ON SOME HYMENOPTERA FROM THE VICINITY OF MT. LASSEN, CALIFORNIA BY E. G. LINSLEY AND C. D. MICHENER University of California The Division of Entomology of the University of California held a summer field course in the Mt. Lassen region of northern California from May 19 to June 22, 1941. Certain of the interest- ing Hymenoptera collected during that period appear to be worthy of record. Masaridae: Four species of Pseudomasaris were collected on June 4, visiting flowers of a single patch of a species of Phacelia at Hat Creek, Shasta County. The most abundant species was P. ( Cotyledon ) edwardsii (Cresson), while a few specimens of P. ( Pseudomasaris ) coquilletti Rohwer and P. (P.) zonalis (Cres- son) were taken. A single female of P. ( Toryna ) vespoides (Cresson), a species ordinarily found on flowers of Pentstemon, was also captured. Eumenidae*: Odynerus dilectus Saussure was found nesting in a meadow five miles east of Burney, Shasta County, California, on June 2. The site was a nearly bare patch of soil five inches long by three and one-half inches wide. This area, in a meadow otherwise densely covered by grass, apparently resulted from a shallowly buried boulder which limited the depth of the burrows to one or two inches. Four fresh burrows were present although there was ample evidence of activity in previous years. Each entrance was surmounted by a delicate, erect turret constructed of small mud pellets. Although its inner surface was relatively smooth, the outer was rough with the outlines of the pellets clearly discernable. Interspaces between pellets were frequently open permitting the transmission of light and giving a somewhat lacelike appearance. The turrets were more than 2 cm. in height, from 5 to 5.5 mm. in diameter, with a wall from % to 1 mm. in thickness. The burrows were stocked with small caterpillars. Other species of Odynerus were taken as follows: 0. blandus Saussure, Shingletown, Shasta County, June 2; O. tigris Saussure, Big Spring, Shasta County, May 23; Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1 ; O. tigris cytairms Cameron, Shingletown, Shasta County, June 2; Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1; O. spilogaster, Cam- eron, Big Spring, Shasta County, May 23; Hat Creek, June 4; 0 . exoglyphus R. Bohart, five miles east of Burney, Shasta County, * Identifications in this family were kindly made by Dr. R. M. Bohart. 28 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 June 9; O. discogaster Bequaert, Shingletown, Shasta County, June 2; Hat Creek, June 1; Manzanita Lake, Lassen National Park, June 21 ; 0. halophila Viereck, Big Spring, Shasta County, May 23; Hat Creek, June 1, 4; Manzanita Lake, Lassen National Park, June 12; O. sutteriana Saussure, Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1 ; O. rugous blandinus Rohwer, Big Spring, Shasta County, May 23; Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1; O. cochisensis Viereck, Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1; 0. capra Saussure, Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 4. Sapygidae* : Sapyga aculeata Cresson was found at Hat Creek, Shasta County, on June 1, visiting flowers of cow parsnip (Heracleum lanatum ) and S. elegans Cresson at Manzanita Lake, Lassen National Park, at the flowers of Arctostaphylos nevadensis on June 12. A more common species, S. fulvicornis Cresson, was taken on Rhamnus at Hat Creek, Shasta County, on June 1 and 4, on Arctostaphylos at Hat Creek, Lassen National Park on June 3, on A. nevadensis at Manzanita Lake, June 21, and on Allium at Black’s Mountain, Lassen County, on June 13. Dufoureidae: Specimens of the recently described Mimu- lapis versatilis rufiventris Timberlake were observed visiting a small, yellow-flowered Mimulus at Shingletown, Shasta County, on a number of dates from May 22 to June 21. Both sexes were present throughout this period. Nomadidae: Several large specimens (6% to 7 mm. in length) of Oreopasites vanduzeei melantha Linsley were collected on June 9 flying about a group of nests of Nomadopsis anthidius (Fowler). These nests were on an old, unused road five miles east of Burney, Shasta County. A single female of Oreopasites van- duzeei diabloensis Linsley was collected at Shingletown, Shasta County, on May 23. No species of Nomadopsis were evident in the area at the time. Anthophoridae: A few specimens of the black Anthophora pacifica infernalis (Dalla Torre) were found intermixed with the gray A. p. pacifica Cresson (the female described as A. ignava Cresson) on flowers of Ribes at Hat Lake, Lassen National Park, on June 14. The black females are ordinarily found in southern California, the gray ones in the central and northern part of the state. The occurrence of the two together at Hat Lake suggests that they they may be different species, although the males of both are gray and apparently indistinguishable from one another. Megachilidae: Stelis ( Melanostelis ) rubi Cockerell was col- * Identifications in this family were kindly made by Dr. R. M. Bohart. JANUARY, 1942] LINSLEY & MICHENER HYMENOPTERA 29 Iected at Manzanita Lake, Lassen National Park, on June 12, on Arctostaphylos nevadensis and four miles south of Hat Creek, Shasta County, June 1 and 10, on Potentilla and on a small yellow composite. Chelostoma phaceliae Michener was found on flowers of Phacelia five miles east of Burney, Shasta County, June 8. On these same flowers at the same time, several specimens of the supposedly southern Hoplitis ( Monumetha ) albifrons maura (Cresson) were obtained. The occurrence of this southern Cali- fornian subspecies is of special interest in connection with the notes on Anthophora pacifica recorded above. Bombidae : Males, queens and workers of Bombus edwardsii Cresson were found at Manzanita Lake on June 12, and males and workers at Viola, Shasta County, on May 19. Since these localities are at relatively high elevations (the former at 5800 feet) , these dates represent rather early spring season; it is of in- terest to note that males were present at this time. No males of any other species of Bombus were observed. A nest of edwardsii was found at Hat Creek, Shasta County, under loose bark of a Libo- cedrus log. Within fifty yards was a nest of B. vosnesenskii Radoszkowski in a dead log of yellow pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) . Females of the bumblebee parasite, Psithyrus crawfordi Franklin, were taken at each of the following localities: Cinder Cone, Lassen National Park, June 19 (P. Hurd) ; Hat Lake, Lassen National Park, June 5. An Unusual Record of Ochlodes yuma (Edwards) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) In October, 1932, Mr. Edward Doleman, at that time a resi- dent of Modesto, California, kindly gave me some skippers that he had taken in the open country southwest of that city, near the junction of the Stanislaus and San Joaquin rivers. Among these specimens was a single female of Ochlodes yuma (Edw.). This species, originally described from Arizona by W. H. Edwards, is nowhere common. There are records from the Mohave Desert in California,, but this specimen from Modesto is the northernmost record that I have been able to find. It shows the tendency, found in certain desert forms, to cross the great valley region in the vicinity of Bakersfield, and thence to prog- ress northward into the more arid portions of the valley region. The fact that the specimen is a female suggests that the species is established and breeding, though no doubt in small numbers. I am indebted to Dr. A. W. Lindsey for confirming the specific identity of the specimen. — J. W. Tilden. 30 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 NOTES ON SOME FEEDING AND HIBERNATION HABITS OF CALIFORNIA POLISTES ( Hymenoptera-V espidae) BY G. E. BOHART University of California, Davis In May, 1939, on the sand dunes near Antioch, California, I noticed a pile of fermenting grapes upon which hundreds of the orange and yellow paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus anaheimensis (Provancher) , were feeding. Surprisingly the black and yellow Polistes fuscatus aurifer (Saussure) were flying around valley live oak trees only a fewi yards away together with anaheimensis and in somewhat greater abundance. No aurifer even approached the grapes. Along Putah Creek near Davis, California, both Polistes hibernate in large patches beneath the loose bark of dead and dying cottonwood trees. Here, although they can be found be- neath the same strip of bark, they tend to segregate into discreet patches with only an occasional specimen of anaheimensis quar- tered with aurifer. At the above localities parasitism of Polistes by the strepsi- pteran, Xenos peckii Kirby, is frequent but nearly confined to aurifer. Of the several hundred Strepsiptera extracted from two quarts of about equal numbers of both kinds of wasps, less than ten were found in anaheimensis. These observations indicate that the two Polistes, which are apparently morphologically identical except for color and a slight size difference, are physiologically quite different and can live side by side as distinct species. Although in general anahei- mensis prefers warmer, dryer areas than aurifer, in the areas where they are found together, as at Antioch, no intergradation is observable. Perhaps a thorough study of the distribution and habits of cur various species and races of Polistes together with an analysis of their intraspecific variation would shed some additional light on the perplexing problem of species with only “physiological” isolating mechanisms. JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 31 PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Organized August 15, 1901 E. 0. Essig, President E. G. Linsley, Secretary H. M. Armitage, Vice President E. R. Leach, T reasurer ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION Know All Men by These Presents: That we, the undersigned, do hereby voluntarily associate our- selves together for the purpose of forming a non-profit corporation under the laws of the State of California, and we hereby certify that: First: The name of this corporation shall be Pacific Coast E NTOMCXLOGIC AL SOCIETY. Second: The purposes for which this corporation is formed are to promote, sponsor, foster and stimulate research in the field of entomology; to provide facilities and opportunities for research and analysis of any and all phases of entomology by lectures, forums, discussions, experiments, surveys, public meetings, exhi- bitions, courses, classes, conferences, symposia and analyses; to publish books, pamphlets, monographs and in general to disseminate information about entomology and the results of entomological research; to accumulate and record historical facts and materials relating to entomology in general; to give, grant and sponsor the granting of fellowships and awards for study or research in the field of entomology; and in general, to act as a medium for the exchange of information and knowledge and research in entomology between the members of this corporation and scientists and ento- mologists throughout the world. To do any and all things necessary, suitable, convenient or proper for or in connection with or inci- dental to the accomplishment of any of the purposes, or the attain- ment of any one or more of the objects herein enumerated or designed, directly or indirectly to promote the interests of this corporation, and to do any and all things and to exercise any and all powers which may now or hereafter be lawful for this corpora- tion to do or to exercise under the laws of the State of California; provided, however, that this corporation is and shall be a corpora- tion which does not contemplate pecuniary gain or profits to the members thereof. No part of the net earnings of this corporation shall inure to the benefit of any member whatsoever, and no part of the activities of this corporation shall be or constitute carrying on propaganda or otherwise attempting to influence legislation. Third: The county in the State of California where the principal office for the transaction of the business of this corporation is to be located is the City and County of San Francisco. Fourth: The number of this corporation’s directors who shall be known as the members of the Executive Board of this corpora- tion is nine (9), and the names and addresses of the persons who are to act in the capacity of members of the Executive Board until the election of their successors are: 32 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 E. Gorton Ldnsley, University of California, Berkeley. H. M. Armitage, State Dept, of Agriculture, San Francisco. Peter C. Ting, State Dept, of Agriculture, San Francisco. E. R. Leach, 217 Hillside Avenue, Piedmont, California. R. L. Usinger, University of California, Davis. E. 0. Essig, University of California, Berkeley. Gordon F. Ferris, Stanford University, California. Edward S. Ross, California Acad, of Sciences, San Francisco. Carl. D. Duncan, San Jose State College, California. The number of the members of the Executive Board may be changed from time to time by the by-laws duly adopted; provided, however, that the number of the members of the Executive Board shall not be less than three (3). Fifth: The authorized number and qualifications of the mem- bers of this corporation, the different classes of membership, if any, the property, voting and other rights and privileges of each class of membership, and the liability of each and all classes of members to dues or assessments, and the method of collection thereof, shall be as may be set forth in the by-laws of this corpora- tion. Sixth: The name of the existing unincorporated association which is hereby being incorporated is Pacific Coast Entomological Society. In Witness Whereof, the president and secretary of Pacific Coast Entomological Society, an existing unincorporated associa- tion, have hereunto set their hands this 28th day of August, 1940. E. Gorton Linsley, President of Pacific Coast Entomological Society, an Existing Unincorporated As- sociation. Peter C. Ting, Secretary of Pacific Coast Entomological Society, an Existing Unincorporated As- sociation. Endorsed and filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Cali- fornia, September 11, 1940. Paul Peek, Secretary of State. By Chas. J. Hagerty, Deputy. BY-LAWS ARTICLE I OFFICES Section 1. The principal office for the transaction of the pur- poses of the corporation is hereby fixed and located at the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, in the City and JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 33 County of San Francisco, State of California. The Executive Board is hereby granted full power and authority to change said principal office from one location to another in said county. ARTICLE II EXECUTIVE BOARD Section 1 . Subject to the limitation of the Articles of Incorpo- ration, the By-Laws, and the laws of the State of California, all corporate powers shall be exercised under the authority of the board of directors who shall be known as and who are herein designated as the members of the Executive Board of the corpora- tion. Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the Executive Board shall have the following powers : First: To select or remove all the other officers, agents, and employees of the corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, with the Articles of Incorporation, or By-Laws, fix their compensation and re- quire from them security for faithful service. Second: To make such rules and regulations in respect to the management of the affairs of the corporation not incon- sistent with law, with the Articles of Incorporation, or the By-Laws, as they may deem best. The action of the members of the Executive Board shall be subject to the holders of the membership of the Society and none of its acts shall conflict with action authorized by such membership. Sec. 2. The authorized number of members of the Executive Board shall be nine (9) until changed by an amendment of the Articles of Incorporation or by an amendment of this section as provided by law. Sec. 3. The members of the Executive Board shall consist of the chairmen of standing committees, the officers of the Society, and the editor of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. In the event that one person holds two or more of the above positions, additional members-at-large shall be elected in the same manner as the regu- lar elective officers, to fill the Executive Board of nine (9) members. The members of the Executive Board who shall be officers of the corporation shall serve until the next annual meeting of the mem- bers of the Society, and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The members of the Executive Board who serve as such because of their positions as chairmen of the standing committees, shall serve until their successors have been duly elected by the membership of such committees, and have qualified. Sec. 4. Meetings of the members of the Executive Board for any purpose or purposes shall be called at any time by the presi- dent, or if he be absent, unable, or refuse to act, by any three (3) members of the Executive Board, Notice of the time and place of any such meetings shall be given by telephone, telegram, or written communication deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time fixed for such meeting. 34 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Seic. 5. The Executive Board shall fill, by appointments, any vacancies occurring in any elective office between annual elections. Seic. 6. The Executive Board shall appoint an Auditing Com- mittee at the regular meeting prior to the annual meeting, to re- view the financial records of the Society and to report to the members of the Society at the annual meeting. Sec. 7. A majority of the authorized number of Executive Board members shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of business. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the members of the Executive Board, shall be the act of the Executive Board unless a greater number be required by law or by the Articles of Incorporation. ARTICLE III officers Section 1. The officers of the Society shall be a president, vice president, secretary, and treasurer. Sec. 2. At the regular fall meeting in the early part of Sep- tember, a nominating committee of three members shall be ap- pointed by the president from among those members who are not holding any elective office at the time and who did not serve on the nominating committee of the previous year. It shall be the duty of this committee to nominate candidates for the offices to be filled at the annual meeting. Nominations may likewise be made from the floor. Sec. 3. The president, vice president, secretary, and treasurer shall be elected by a majority of the members present (not less than 10) at the annual meeting to serve for one (1) year, their term of office beginning at the close of the annual meeting at which they were elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified. Sec. 4. The president and vice president shall hold office for not longer than two consecutive years but are eligible for re- election after the lapse of one year from the time of leaving office. The secretary and the treasurer shall be selected with a view to continuity of tenure of their offices and hence, other things being equal, may be reelected each year, subject to their own desires in the matter. Sec. 5. No member shall hold more than one elective office at one time. Sec. 6. Vacancies occurring in any elective office between the annual elections shall be filled by action of the Executive Board. ARTICLE IV duties of officers Section 1. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at all meetings, appoint temporary committees including a nominating committee, to appoint members to fill vacancies in standing com- mittees, to act as ex-officio member of all committees, to arrange details of meetings in cooperation with the program committee, and to call any special meetings. At the annual meeting he shall report on the state of the Society and deliver an annual address to JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 35 be published in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist or elsewhere accord- ing to the judgment of the president and the editorial board. Seic. 2. The vice president shall assume all responsibilities of the president in the event of the absence of the latter. The presi- dent and vice president, being absent, a chairman may be selected pro tempore from among the members present. The temporary chairman shall conduct such business as is absolutely necessary, postponing consideration of other matters until such time as the regular officers may be in attendance. Sec. 3. The secretary shall send out notices of all meetings at the order of the president, handle all correspondence of the Society, keep a record of members, of members and visitors present at each meeting, and of the proceedings of said meetings, and submit an edited manuscript of the proceedings for each year to be published in the January number of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Sec. 4. The treasurer shall handle all financial matters of the Society and shall maintain a bank account in the Society’s name. Current receipts, unless otherwise specified, become a part of the general funds of the Society, administered by the Executive Board through the treasurer who is hereby granted authority to expend the money necessary to send out notices of meetings and to defray expenses, send out bills, etc., in connection with publication of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. ARTICLE V COMMITTEES SectiO'N 1. The Publication Committee, Program Committee, Historical Committee, and Membership Committee shall be known as standing committees, members to be appointed by the president when vacancies occur. Chairman shall be elected by the members of each committee from its own membership. Sec. 2. The Publication Committee shall be responsible for the publications of the Society. It shall consist of six members ap- pointed for three-year terms, groups of two expiring in successive years. The Publication Committee shall meet at least once a year before the annual meeting to formulate an annual report for the Society. Four members shall constitute a quorum. The Publication Committee shall appoint an editorial board for the Pan-Pacific Entomologist consisting of an editor, assistant editor, two members of the Publication Committee to act in an ad- visory capacity to the editor, and such additional members as are deemed necessary. All appointees of the Editorial Board shall serve at the discretion of the Publication Committee. Seic. 3. It shall be the duty of the Historical Committee of five members to cooperate with the California Academy of Sciences in accumulating historical entomological material to be deposited with the Academy. Seic. 4. It shall be the duty of the Membership Committee of three members to consult with applicants or prospective members, to acquaint them with the purposes of the Society and with the obligations incurred with membership, and to consider such persons 36 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 and propose their names, if satisfactory, to the Society for election to membership. It shall further be the duty of the committee to consider members’ applications for associate and student status and to review the membership from time to time for persons to be nominated as Honored members. Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the Program Committee to plan the various meetings, including the field days, arrange for speak- ers, encourage members to bring exhibits and contribute short notes and observations, and in other ways to improve the meetings of the Society. The committee shall inform the secretary of the Society as to the programs of the meetings in sufficient time to permit the issuing of the specified notices of the meetings. ARTICLE VI MEMBERS Section 1. Membership shall be open to persons interested in insects or other Arthropoda. Sec. 2. An applicant for membership will communicate with a member of the Membership Committee. The Membership Commit- tee shall then consider the applicant’s name at the next regular meeting of the Society. An affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members present at any meeting is required, whereupon the appli- cant becomes a regular member. Sec. 3. The annual dues shall be $3 for regular members, $2 for associate and subscribing members and $1 for student members. The dues are payable in advance on or before January 1st of each year. Payment for portions of a year may be prorated on the basis of the number of issues of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist still to appear after the applicant’s election. Members two years in arrears shall be dropped after written notice. Such members may be reinstated by payment of back dues. Each additional member in the immediate family of a regular member may pay dues of only $1 per year, but this shall entitle said family to only one set of the Society’s publications. Seic. 4. Any member may become a life member by the payment of $50 in one sum and shall thenceforth be freed from payment of annual dues. Sec. 5. Any regular member who lives at such a distance from the place of meeting that attendance is not practicable may, upon request, be made an associate member. The dues for associate members shall be $2 per year. Associate members may resume regular status by payment of the regular $3 dues. Seic. 6. Students registered at any recognized institution of higher learning are eligible for student membership. Student members shall have all of the privileges of regular members with the exception of the receipt of the Society’s publications. Sec. 7. Any member who, through long and distinguished serv- ice to the Society, is deemed worthy of special recognition may be elected an Honored member. Honored members shall be nominated by the Membership Committee at the meeting prior to their election. Such members shall be free from the payment of dues or other JANUARY, 1942 ] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 37 financial obligations but shall retain all privileges of regular members. Sec. 8. All members, except for student members or as herein otherwise provided shall receive the publications of the Society with no additional charge. Sec. 9. Any member desiring to resign in good standing from the Society may do so upon request to the Membership Committee. No resignation shall be accepted if the member’s dues or other financial obligations are delinquent. ARTICLE VII MEETINGS Section 1. At least four regular meetings shall be held each year, preferably on the first Saturday of September, December and March with an annual Field Day during April or May. Notice of such meetings shall be given to the members, either personally or by mail, or other means of communication, charges prepaid, ad- dressed to such member at his address, if any, appearing upon the books of the Society, or given by him to the Society for the purpose of notice. All such notices shall be sent to the members not less than ten days before such meeting. SEC. 2. Special meetings may be called at any time at the dis- cretion of the president, or shall be called at the request of five members, provided that written notice is sent to all members at least two weeks in advance of the meeting. SeiC. 3. The December meeting of each year shall be known as the Annual Meeting. At this time, in addition to the election of officers, and the transacting of other regular and special business, annual reports of all committees shall be submitted as well as an annual report of the treasurer. Sec. 4. The presence in person of ten members of the Society at any meeting, regular or special, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting from time to time and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. ARTICLE VIII DEFECATES The Society may accredit delegates, appointed by the president, to national and international meetings such as the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science and the International Entomological Congresses. Members may be accredited by a two- thirds vote of the members present at any meeting. ARTICLE IX AMENDMENT'S! These By-laws may be amended or repealed by the Executive Board, subject always to the power of the members to change or repeal such By-Laws; or by the vote or written assent of a majority of the members; or by the vote of a majority of a quorum at a meeting of the members duly called for the purpose of amending the By-Laws. 38 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 PROCEEDINGS One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Meeting, January 25, 1941 Meeting held at 10:00 a.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. President Essig in the chair. The following members were present: Ei. 0. Essig, E. G. Linsley, E. R. Leach, J. W. MacSwain, G. E. Bohart, N. Stahler, G. F. MacLeod, R. L. Usinger, C. D. Duncan, A. E. Michelbacher, E. S. Ross, H. L. McKenzie, W. C. Reeves, B. Brook- man, A. C. Smith, E. A. Smith, G. F. Ferris, 0. B. Cope, C. D. Michener, T. H. G. Aitken, A. W. Brereton, E. C. Van Dyke, R. C. Miller, W. E. Simonds. Visitors were present as follows: R. Van Buren, R. M. Yancey, E. Venturino, L. McKinney, J. Gustafson, M. Marquis, S. Vrana, V. Ring, F. McFeely, K. Frick, E. G. Meyers, G. S. Mansfield, R. Kong, H. Madsen, S. Piazza, R. J. Buckner, W. Y. Chong, B. Prendergast, N. F. Hardman, L. H. King, C. A. Fleschner, T. Aarons, and J. S. Harville. Mr. E. R. Leach reported that the finances were in good condi- tion and that there had been little unfavorable reaction to the in- crease in subscription rate for the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. The membership committee proposed the names of Mr. Wallace Pearce, Mr. Lawrence H. King and Mr. Charles A. Fleschner for member- ship. They were unanimously elected. Mr. G. E. Bohart reported briefly on a recent trip to Mexico in the company of Messrs. N. Stahler, H. H. Welsh, and T. R. Craw- ford. The groiup left Berkeley on December 20, 1940, and returned on January 11, 1941. The first good collecting was encountered at Tamazunchale. Here there was an abundance of leaf feeders and fungus insects. Good collecting was also found in the Sierra Madre Oriental but the Mexican Plateau was found to be too dry. Mr. Bohart also discussed a side trip to Vera Cruz. In conclusion he exhibited a box of Mexican membracids and a silken embiid cocoon which had been found on a twig. Commenting upon the embiid cocoon, Mr. E. S. Ross stated that cocoon formation in this group appears to be a mechanism to assist in surviving adverse condi- tions. Mr. Stahler added a few observations to those of Mr. Bohart, noting in particular the occurence of thrips breeding in the nest of a ceratinid bee and a heavy infestation of psyllid galls on avocado leaves at Rancho San Gracias. Mr. Leach reported on a four months’ trip during which he visited all the major museums of the eastern United States. He commented that he saw no insect collection better housed than that of the California Academy of Sciences. President Essig then presented Mr. Michener who addressed the Society on “The biology of Pogronomyrmex calif omica.” His observations, covering a sixteen-year period, revealed that this species of harvester ant closes its nest each night during the milder and warmer portions of the year and closes it entirely during the three winter months. All activities seem to be correlated with tem- perature. They are sluggish at 70° F., exhibit maximum foraging JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 39 activity when the surface temperatures are between 90° and 115 °F., and generally retire to the nest when the temperature is over 120° F. Swarming occurs more than once each season, usually in the late morning of clear hot days in June and July. Experi- ments suggested that the ants detect their food (seeds) by means of antennal sensillae but that the eyes are important in guiding them back to the nest. The President then introduced Mr. 0. B. Cope who presented an illustrated paper on “The Morphology of the Psocoptera.” Mr. Cope called attention to the better techniques, stains, mounting media, and optical equipment available for the present-day mor- phologist. He also emphasized the Ferris approach in which every structure must be accounted for and the “new structure” explana- tion used only as a last resort. Mr. Cope discussed the question of landmarks, particularly the anterior articulation of the mandibles, the anterior tentorial pits and the posterior tentorial pits, illus- trating their use with comparative illustrations of Psocoptera and Mallophaga. The maxillary pick of the Psocoptera is interpreted by Mr. Cope as the lacinia. Following Mr. Cope’s report the meeting adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Meeting, Februaury 15, 1941 Meeting held at 10 a.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. The following members were present: E. 0. Essig, E. G. Linsley, W. E. Simonds, A. E. Michelbacher, H. M. Armitage, K. S. Hagen, C. D. Duncan, P. C. Ting, M. M. Barnes, C. D. Michener, G. E. Bohart, W. C. Reeves, G. F. Ferris, E. C. Van Dyke, W. M. Pearce, E. S. Ross, J. W. Tilden, E. A. Smith, A. C. Smith. Visitors were present as follows: T. Aarons, M. Marquis, D. Murphy, E. C. Meyers. President Essig announced that the summer meetings of the Pacific Division A. A. A. S. would be held in Pasadena in June and that the entomological program would include a symposium on systematics. He also called attention to the National entomological meetings to be held in San Francisco in December and discussed participation in the program by the Society. Mr. Tilden exhibited two Pleocoma from San Luis Obispo County. Dr. Linsley commented that this was the first record of the genus from that county and stated that the species appeared to be related to hirsuta Davis from the Sierra Madre. He also commented that species had been captured this winter in the San Jacinto and Santa Lucia Mountains, providing the first records from these geograph- ically important ranges. Mr. Armitage called attention to the recent interception of live European corn borer larvae from China. These had been sent to the United States for use as bird food. Mr. Bahart stated that he was conducting observations on an Andrena colony which had been submerged five feet under water during the recent heavy rains. 40 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 President Essig then presented Mr. E. S. Ross, who addressed the Society on “The biollogy of the Embioptera.” Mr. Ross intro- duced his subject by describing the features of the hypothetical ancestor of the group. He then theorized that in some manner tarsal spinning glands appeared in the fore-tarsi of this ancestor and that this probably marked the beginning of a unique evolu- tionary trend resulting in the order Embioptera. The spinning organs found in modern formfs were described in detail and com- pared with those found in the dipterous family Empididae. The evidence for the great antiquity of the silk glands and the mor- phological adaptations apparently in harmony with their presence were reviewed. In conclusion, the knowledge of the three species of the order occurring in California — Gynembia tarsalis Ross, Anisembia rubra Ross and Oligotoma nigra Hagen — was discussed. After a discussion of Mr. Ross' paper the meeting adjourned. — E. G. Linsileiy, Secretary. One Hundred and Sjxty-sixth Meeting, March 15, 1941 Meeting held at 10 a.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. President Essig in the chair. The following members were present: E. 0. Essig, E. G. Linsley, G. F. Ferris, A. E. Michelbacher, M. A. Stewart, R. L. Usinger, W. H. Lange, E. S. Ross, 0. B. Cope, J. 0. Martin, E. R. Leadh, W. C. Reeves, T. F. Kelley, W. M. Pearce, M. M. Barnes, N. Stahler, W. E. Simonds, P. C. Ting, G. E. Bohart, R. C. Miller, K. S. Hagen, C. D. Michener. Visitors were present as fol- lows: F. M. Frost, T. Aarons, G. A. Noble, H. E. Cott, C. D. Grant, W. J. Perry, B. Prendergast, T. M. Dunkle, F. B. Blevins, G. F. Smith, F. W. Fisk, F. H. Rindge, F. J. Driver. The membership committee recommended the following for membership in the Society: Mr. Dewey Raski, Mr. Ray F. Smith, and Mr. H. Edwin Cott. They were unanimously elected. The president announced that the next meeting would be a field trip and asked Dr. Usinger, Dr. MichelbacherL, and Mr. Cope to serve as a committee to select the time and place of the meeting. Dr. Usinger discussed the biology of the Rhaphididae as illus- trated by a species of Inocellia. He stated that eggs had been laid on walnut bark, and that the immature larvae, prepupae, and pupae were found under bark. Mr. Ting spoke of the discovery of the European weevil, Cos- mob aris scop aria Germar, on cat-tails near Tracy — the first Cali- fornia record for the species. Professor Essig then presented the speakers for the day, Pro- fessor Ferris, Dr. Stewart, and Dr. Usinger, who participated in a symposium on ectoparasitic insects. Professor Ferris discussed ectoparasites in general. He pointed out that there were three entirely ectoparasitic orders, Siphona- ptera, Anoplura, and Mallophaga, the origins of which are obscure. Of the group with ectoparasitic fractions, the Hippoboscids, Streblids, and Nycteribiids were obviously derived from higher JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 41 Diptera. Professor Ferris also discussed Platypsylla, Leptinus, Leptinellus and several staphylinids as well as the Dermapteran genus Hemimeinis and the fur moth of the sloth. Dr. Stewart confined his discussion to the phylogeny of the fleas. He reviewed the various theories as to the origin of the fleas, casting doubt on the classical view that they were derived from the Diptera. Dr. Usinger discussed the various ectoparasitic Hemiptera, especially the Cimicidae and Polyctenidae. He emphasized conver- gence in evolution of these groups. In connection with the Polycte- nids he discussed their distribution in some detail, comparing it with the distribution of the various groups of bats which serve as hosts. — E. G. Linsiley, Secretary. One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Meeting, April 17, 1941 The annual spring field trip was held at Green Valley Falls, Solano County, California. The following members were present: E. 0. Essig, E. G. Linsley, H. M. Armitage, E. C. Van Dyke, P. S. Lange, W. H. Lange, B. Brookman, L. W. Grabe, J. W. MacSwain, T. Aitken, W. M. Pearce, J. B. Steinweden, C. D. Michener, N. E. Good, A. E. Michelbacher, J. W. Tilden, C. D. Duncan, A. C. Smith, E. A. Smith. Visitors were present as follows: Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Hoskins, Mrs. H. M. Armitage, Mrs. L. W. Grabe, Mrs. J. W. MacSwain, Mrs. E. G. Linsley, Mr. Nuri Malih, Mrs. C. D. Michener, Mr. and Mrs. Erwin S. Laeffler, Miss Phyllis Woerner, Mrs. N. E. Good, Mr. and Mrs. H. Mauerhan, Mrs. E. 0. Essig, Mr. G. Winton Jones, Miss Mary Isabel Essig, Mrs. A. E. Michelbacher, Mr. Henry Loctani, Mr. Kenneth Frick, Mr. Ernest G. Meyers, Mrs. C. D. Duncan, Mr. J. R. Walker, Mr. G. S. Mansfield. The group assembled at the Green Valley Picnic Grounds at 10 :00 a.m. The morning was largely spent in collecting along the trail to the falls and the afternoon in the vicinity of the picnic grounds. Collecting was only moderately good but several inter- esting captures were reported. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Meeting, September IS, 1941 Meeting held at 10:00 a.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. President Essig in the chair. The following members were present: E. O. Essig, E. G. Linsley, E. C. Van Dyke, A. E. Michelbacher, W. F. Barr, E. Cott, C. A. Fleschner, W. C. Reeves, C. D. Michener, E. R. Leach, W. M. Pearce, J. J. DuBois, J. W. Tilden, C. D. Duncan, E. S. Ross, G. F. Ferris, A. C. Smith, R. L. Usinger, R. G. Wind, and R. C. Miller. Visitors were present as follows: B. Newhouse, G. T. Okumura, R. E. Suggett, W. Ferguson, T. Russell, H. E. Records, H. Jenke, W. Y. Chong, F. R. Barron, E. R. Stanton, J. R. Fisher, R. L. W. Potts, P. D. Gerhardt, D. R. Hansen, H. Kido, J. R. Garvey, R. H. Soroker, K. D. Snyder, B. Prendergast, J. 42 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Bruce, M. Michener, P. Woerner, H. P. Chandler, V. M. Tanner, A. P. McKinstry, J. R. Walker, C. Anderson, W. Sibray, R. C. Husbands, F. Driver, A. H. Caldwell, Jr., and A. M. Adamson. The membership committee proposed the following 1 names for membership : Mr. A. P. McKinstry and Mr. Wing You Chong. They were unanimously elected. President Essig raised the questibn of meeting times ; and, after considerable discussion, it was moved, seconded, and passed that future meetings be held on Saturday afternoons, insofar as pos- sible, rather than Saturday mornings. Dr. Linsley reported the action taken by the Pacific Slope Branch of the American Association of Economic Entomologists, meeting at Pasadena in June, with regard to the subject of ento- mological nomenclature and suggested that our Society might take parallel action. Considerable discussion followed, all in the affirma- tive, participated in by Professor Essig, Prqfessor Ferris, Dr. Usinger, and others. It was moved, seconded, and passed that the President appoint a committee to frame a resolution on nomen- clature, to be directed to various entomological societies of North America. Dr. Tanner spoke of his work in Provo, Utah, and stated that he was much interested in the Sonoran fauna and the lines of de- marcation of the fauna within his state. Dr. Adamson, of the Imperial College of Agriculture at Trini- dad, discussed that island from the entomological standpoint. He pointed out that although politically Trinidad belongs to the British West Indies, biogeographically its affinities are with South America. He emphasized the richness of the fauna by noting that 700 species of butterflies were known from the island, although it is only 40 miles wide and 80 miles long. Mr. Pearce reported the capture in a single nest of Neotoma at Hayward, California, of five new species of spiders, including four new genera and one family new to the United States, as well as a new centipede. Mr. Reeves discussed his summer work in the Yakima Valley, Washington, where he and others conducted an epidemiological in- vestigation of western equine and St. Louis type encephalitis. In the course of the investigation collections were made of all blood- sucking arthropods. Methods used included trapping, net collecting, animal examinations, and shelter examination. About 15,000 speci- mens were identified including about 10,000 mosquitoes, 4,000 mis- cellaneous blood-sucking Diptera, and 1,000 miscellaneous insects and arthropods, 20 species of mosquitoes, and 8 species of tabanids were found in the Yakima valley. Mr. Wind reported on a collecting trip in Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands. He mentioned the difficulties involved in collecting in these areas and stated that he had captured more than 100,000 specimens of insects, exclusive of Lepidoptera. Mr. Gerhardt discussed the life history of the Pyrrhocorid, JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 43 Euryophthalmus cinctus calif ornicus, and noted that the tachinid, Trichopoda pennipes, was an effective parasite of the nymphs and adults. Dr. Van Dyke reported on a two months collecting trip in south- ern California. With the Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside as a headquarters he visited Borego Valley, Morongo Valley, the Charleston Mountains of Nevada, and other localities. He particu- larly mentioned collecting numbers of Apioceratids from flowers, where they poised like hummingbirds. Dr. Duncan discussed moulting in the damp wood termite (Zootermopsis) . He observed that in the moulting process the wings appeared as nipple-shaped protuberances in the position of the wing pad and then expanded completely at the base, later at the middle and apex. About IY 2 hours were required for the process. Mr. Michener spoke of the entomology summer course of the University of California, held at Mount Lassen, California. He discussed collecting in general and mentioned particularly large spring dispersal flights of hydrophilids, dytiscids, bark beetles and aradids. Mr. Husbands discussed field studies with Lygus spp. near Hemet, Riverside County, California. He mentioned that individual specimens had been marked with casein paint but that he had not been able to obtain a very high percentage of subsequent recoveries. Following these reports the meeting was adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Meeting, October 18, 1941 Meeting held at 2:15 p.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Mr. H. M. Armitage in the chair. The following members were present: H. M. Armitage, E. G. Linsley, G. F. Ferris, B. Brookman, A. E. Michelbacher, R, L. Usinger, E. A. Smith, A. C. Smith, E. R. Leach, R. F. Smith, 0. B. Cope, C. D. Michener, D. DeLeon, C. D. Duncan, R. C. Miller, K. S. Hagen, B. Prendergast, N. E. Good, A. P. McKinstry, E. Cott, J. 0. Martin, and E C. Van Dyke. Visitors were present as follows: E. G. Meyers, K. Frick, P. D. Gerhardt, J. R. Walker, W. H. Nutting, R. H. L. Potts, J. F. Lami- man, H. P. Chandler, D. L. Dow, and F. J. Driver. The membership committee proposed the following for member- ship in the Society: Mr. Robert H. L. Potts, Mr. Kenneth Frick, Mr. Ernest Meyers, Mr. George Mansfield, Mr. Harry Chandler, and Dr. J. F. Lamiman. It was moved, seconded, and passed that the secretary cast a unanimous ballot for the election of the pro- posed members. Mr. Armitage announced that pursuant of the authorization of the Society at its last meeting, President Essig had appointed a com- mittee on nomenclature composed of G. F. Ferris (chairman), E. G. Linsley, and R. L. Usinger to draft a proposal for an American Com- 44 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 mittee on Entomological Nomenclature and an American Entomol- ogical Code. The committee reported as follows : “The present Inter- national Code of Zoological Nomenclature has been a most effective instrument in bringing about some degree of uniformity in nomen- clatorial practice throughout the world. However, the code as it now stands represents the maximum of agreement which could be achieved among zoologists representing all fields, all parts of the world and many diverse points of view. As a result, there are questions upon which agreement was not achieved and consequently many unsolved nomenclatorial problems still remain. These include not only matters which are not covered by the Code and subsequent opinions, but problems upon which the International Commission has not ruled either because they have not yet been formally pre- sented or because the Commission itself has been unable to reach an agreement. “The present condition of the world indicates that the Interna- tional Commission of Zoological Nomenclature is not likely soon to resume its functions; and yet the need for continued and progres- sive development and interpretation of the rules of nomenclature remains and is not lessened by these disturbed conditions. This need is felt especially by systematic entomologists, who, as a group, must deal with thousands of names where workers in other zoo- logical fields deal with hundreds or even dozens. Our literature is enormous, our problems many times multiplied. Difficulties which in some fields of zoology may appear but occasionally are recurrent with the entomologist. Progress in the development of a sound nomenclatorial system is so important that it should not be allowed to falter merely because zoologists in other fields or as a group may at the moment be unable to deal with these matters effectively. “The British entomologists (1928) have already set a precedent but their suggestions still remain, after 13 years, unacted upon by the International Commission. It therefore seems justifiable for American entomologists, accepting the present International Code, to carry on where it leaves off and formulate a still more effective code of nomenclature for entomologists. It is recognized that sec- tional codes in the past, at least in some cases, have hindered uni- formity in nomenclatorial practice. However, if proposed in the above spirit without sacrificing any of the hard-earned gains of the International Code, an entomological code might well serve as a transition through these difficult times and lead the way to even- tual expansion when the International Commission again becomes functional. “Any such action on the part of American entomologists would have neither significance nor acceptance unless it were undertaken by the Entomological Society of America and the American Asso- ciation of Economic Entomologists. The Pacific Coast Entomol- ogical Society therefore respectfully offers the enclosed suggestions for the consideration of the Entomological Society of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists : (1) That an American Commission on Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology be established. (2) That this Commission be composed of indi- JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 45 viduals who are now, and may expect to be for some time to come, engaged actively in systematic work in entomology and are especi- ally concerned with and competent to consider the problems of nomenclature. (3) That this Commission be composed of at least ten and not more than fifteen members who are as far as is prac- ticable representative of the entomological organizations and ento- mologically active geographical areas of the United States and Canada. (4) That in order to form this Commission the Entomol- ogical Society of America and the American Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists each appoint one member (preferably prior to the 1941 meetings), these two to select the remaining members of the Commission, the member representing the Entomological Soiciety of America to act initially as chairman. (5) That this Commission be instructed to study the present International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the Report of the British National Committee on Entomological Nomenclature (1928). (6) That this Commission be instructed to receive from entomologists and give consideration to suggestions for additions to the existing Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature. (7) That the Commission prepare a report to be submitted at the 1942 annual meeting of the national entomological societies, this report to present the basis for a Code of Entomological Nomenclature.” After discussion by various members the motion was made, seconded, and unanimously passed that the above recommendations be draughted in the form of a letter and sent to the Entomological Society of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists for their consideration. Mr. Armitage announced a Liaison Committee as appointed by Professor Essig to serve in connection with the national Entomol- ogical meetings at San Francisco as follows: H. M. Armitage (chairman), C. D. Duncan, H. H. Keifer, E. G. Linsley, and R. F. Smith. Dr. Lamiman reported the discovery of an interesting new tarsonemid mite living in the tracheae of Anasa tristis. He stated that thus far the mites had been found only in the larger tracheae of adult bugs and that eggs, immature stages, and adults were present. Dr. Michelbacher reported that the tomato mite ( Phycoptes destructor ) , a free living eriophyid, was very bad in California this year. He stated that it was being controlled primarily by sulfur dusts and that canning tests were being conducted in order to determine the effect of sulfur on flavor and color of canned tomato products. Mr. Armitage spoke of the fact that 10,000 bags of potatoes shipped from San Francisco had arrived in Manila in- fested with potato tuber moth. The matter had assumed such importance that the State Department had become involved in an attempt to determine responsibility for the infestation. Dr. Usinger spoke of psocid infestations on bags of grain. He remarked that the psocids occurred on the outside of the sacks. Professor Ferris commented that psocids avoid covering and that they die rapidly in closed containers. 46 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 Mr. Ray Smith spoke of his studies of bacterial diseases of the alfalfa butterfly. He mentioned that large infestations this year had been killed by bacteria, possibly by a Micrococcus. Mr. Armitage then introduced the first speaker on the program, Mr. R. H. L. Potts, who presented an illustrated talk on “Insect Collecting in Mexico.” Mr. Potts stated that he had entered Mexico at Laredo and driven southward, collecting at Monterey and other localities including Tamazunchale. In the valley of Orizaba col- lecting was done between elevations of 1500 and 4000 feet. In the vicinity of Oaxaca and from Taxco to Acapulco a delay in the advent of rains limited collecting. Mr. Potts reported his best col- lecting in the Vera Cruz region. During his six weeks’ stay in Mexico he covered about 5000 miles, returning with about 1500 specimens of Lepidoptera and 400 scarab beetles. Following Mr. Potts’ talk Mr. Armitage introduced Mr. Mc- Kinstry who discussed the “Biology and systematics of water striders.” Evidence from the male genitalia ( Singh-Pruthi, 1925) and from the mandibular levers (Ekblom, 1928) reveals that the water striders, Gerridae and Veliidae, and their allies, Hydrometridae, Hebridae, and Mesoveliidae, form a more homogeneous group than was formerly supposed (Reuter, 1910). An analysis of the family characters within the Amphibicorisae indicates that the traditional gaps between long established families are now bridged by such unique monotypic genera as Hebrovelia (Lundblad, 1939) and Macrovelia (Uhler, 1872). This last group was discussed in detail and was shown to be far removed both biologically and structurally from the family Veliidae, where it has remained for over 50 years. In the discussion that followed Mr. J. O. Martin spoke of his early work on the Hydrometridae and Dr. Usinger contributed some observations on the pelagic Halobates. The meeting was then adjourned. — E. G. Linsileiy, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventieth Meeting, November 15, 1941 Meeting held at 2:00 p.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. President E. O. Essig in the chair. The following members were present: E. O. Essig, E. G. Linsley, G. E. Bohart, J. W. Johnson, E. G. Meyers, J. W. Tilden, K. Frick, A. E. Michelbacher, J. O. Martin, R. L. Usinger, R. W. L. Potts, J. F. Lamiman, E. S. Ross, K. S. Hagen, O. B. Cope, A. C. Smith, F. J. Driver, W. W. Samp- son, W. Y. Chong, R. C. Miller, P. C. Ting, E. C. Van Dyke. Visitors were present as follows: K. D. Snyder, H. H. Morefield, T. Aarons, J. R. Walker, B. Hammerly, B. Prendergast, and M. Michener. President Essig announced with regret the death of Mr. Ralph Hopping, one of the earliest members of our Society. He appointed Dr. Van Dyke and Dr. Blaisdell as a committee of two to prepare a biographical sketch of Mr. Hopping for publication in the Pan- Pacific Entomologist. It was also moved, seconded, and passed that JANUARY, 1942] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 47 the Secretary write a letter to Mr. Hopping's family expressing sympathy for their loss. The membership committee recommended Mr. Fred J. Driver and Mr. C. B. Eaton for membership. They were unanimously elected. Professor Essig asked for a report from the committee on Entomological Nomenclature. Dr. Linsley reported that letters containing the resolution adopted by the Society at the last meeting had been sent to the secretaries of the Entomological Society of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists. The former Society had replied that a similar proposal had been submitted by a group of eastern entomologists and that full con- sideration would be given at the December meetings in San Fran- cisco. Professor Essig announced that the next meeting would be the annual meeting and reports of all committees would be due. He appointed a nominating committee as follows: E. C. Van Dyke (chairman), 0. B. Cope, C. D. Michener. Dr. Van Dyke stated that many years ago he had come to the conclusion, solely on the basis of biological facts, that there was an area in the middle of Idaho which had not been glaciated. This view had been reached after a study of the ground beetles of the area. Recently Dr. Hanna returned from an expedition in this area and entirely confirms the conclusion on the basis of geological evidence. Prof. Essig then presented Mr. G. E. Bohart who spoke on the California Academy of Sciences’ recent expedition to Lower Cali- fornia with beautiful Kodachrome slides shown by Dr. E. S. Ross. The trip was made in a one and one-half ton truck from San Francisco to Cape Lucas and return. The party comprised Dr. Ross and Mr. Bohart, who collected insects, Miss B. J. Hammerly, collecting plants for the California Academy of Sciences, Mrs. Berta Jongeneel, conchologist, and Mr. Morton Gleason. The start was made on September 19, 1941, and the group returned on November 4th. Before showing the pictures, general aspects of any trip to Lower California were discussed, such as problems of drinking water, native foods, wild game, gasoline and road conditions. Drinking water was usually obtained from deep wells, and, in the Cape Region, from mountain streams. Twenty-five extra gallons of gasoline carried in five-gallon tins proved ample between certain towns and at least two good spare tires were necessary because of the very rocky and rutty roads. Slides were shown in the sequence of a trip down the pennisula to the Cape. Emphasis was centered on the botanical features of the country as these were most conspicuous and best portrayed by the slides. From San Ignacio south to the Cape, except on the Magdalena Plain, the vegetation had benefited by an abundance of late summer rain. The bushes and trees were green with leaves and often ablaze 48 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 1 with flowers of vines. The ground was. covered with green grass and abundant flowers. The major purpose of the expedition was to collect in the Sierra Laguna Mountains of the Cape Region. Leaving the truck in Todos Santos the party travelled by horse and mule to La Laguna, a mountain meadow 5,500 feet in elevation. The pictures shown of this area illustrated the floral similarity to certain parts of Alta California, though isolated by hundreds of miles of desert and ocean from similar growth. There was found here an association of pines, oaks, madrone and Toyon which provided very interesting and significant insect collecting. About 20,000 specimens of insects, and 1500 plant sheets were collected, most of which will be added to the collections of the California Academy of Sciences. After a period of questions by various members the meeting was adjourned. — E. G. Kinsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventy-first Meeting, December 6, 1941 Meeting held at 2:15 p.m. in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. President Essig in the chair. The following members were present: E. O. Essig, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger, E. C. Van Dyke, G. E. Bohart, O. B. Cope, E. R. Leach, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher, J. F. Lamiman, D. DeLeon, A. C. Smith, E. A. Smith, H. P. Chandler, C. D. Michener, K. S. Hagen, F. J. Driver, G. F. Ferris, H. H. Keifer, R. W. L. Potts, R. C. Miller. Visitors were present as fol- lows: Eric Walther, K. D. Snyder, C. T. Sierra, Jr., A. J. Walz. The membership committee proposed Mr. Arthur J. Walz and Mr. R. A. Flock for membership. They were unanimously elected. The secretary read a letter from E. N. Cory, secretary of the American Association of Economic Entomologists, in response to the nomenclatural petition of the Pacific Coast Entomological So- ciety. Dr. Cory stated that the proposal had been referred to Dr. C. F. W. Muesebeck for his recommendation and that a further report should be forthcoming soon. The nominating committee submitted the following names for officers of the Society during 1942 : President, H. M. Armitage; Vice-president, H. H. Keifer; Secretary, E. G. Linsley; and Treas- urer, E. R. Leach. There being no other nominations from the floor, a vote was called for and these officers were elected. Professor Essig then yielded the chair to Mr. Keifer, who pre- sided during the annual presidential address. Professor Essig’s address was entitled “The Significance of Taxonomy in the General Field of Economic Entomology.” The address proved thought- provoking and interesting and evoked a lively discussion, after which the meeting was adjourned. — E. G. Linsleiy, Secretary. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGLA An International Review of Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna. Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers). All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale; price of each volume 4 U. S. dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S. dollars. Subscriptions should be sent to the Editor: Thomaz Borgmeier, O.F.M., Convento S. Antonio, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA A large collection of Arctic Lepidoptera, especially Erebia, Oeneis, and Noctuidae, has been accumulated. Collectors who desire such material please communicate with me as follows: R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada. PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE California Academy of Sciences Entomology Department San Francisco, California PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages, including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip- tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs, Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the Society's Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes 1 and 2 as above, $5.00. Vol. XVIII April, 1942 No. 2 THE Pan-Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS JAMES, REVIEW OF THE DIPTEROUS TRIBE MYXOSARGINI 49 FRISON, WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN STONEFLIES 61 MITCHELL, MEXICAN BEES OF THE GENUS XEROMEGACHILE 74 REES, UTAH MOSQUITO RECORDS 77 ESSIG, THE RED SCALE OUT-OF-DOORS IN BERKELEY 82 LINSLEY AND USINGER, FLAT BUGS FROM MT. LASSEN 83 GOOD, MALES OF THE FLEA GENUS ATYPHLOCERAS 87 LEECH, NOTE ON THE FOOD OF FEMALE MUTILLIDS 89 McKINSTRY, A NEW FAMILY OF HEMIPTERA FOR MACRO VELIA 90 San Francisco, California 1942 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. S. Ross R. L. Usingeb E. C. Van Dykk Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editor G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley T reasurer Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, R. L. Usinger, University of California Col- lege of Agriculture, Davis, California. All communications regarding non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies, and all financial communications should be addressed to the assistant editor, E. S. Ross, or the treasurer, E. R. Leach, at the California Acad- emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge. Additional copies will be reprinted at cost of publication, if a request is received when proof is returned. Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.50 per year in advance. Price for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of Ya redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: I2%x8f4x2% inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist Vol. XVIII, No. 2 April, 1942 A REVIEW OF THE MYXOSARGINI (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) BY MAURICE T. JAMES Colorado State College, Ft. Collins, Colorado Most students of the Stratiomyidae have considered the genus Myxosargus Brauer as standing more or less alone, to be placed in the Stratiomyinae for want of a better place. However, Brauer (1882) recognized the relationship of this genus to Melanochroa, Nothomyia and, more distantly, Exochostoma. A study of the comparative anatomy of these genera indicates that Brauer was wholly correct; the general body form and wing venation of Myxosargus, Nothomyia, and, presumably, Melanochroa are practically identical, whereas the antennal structure shows an interesting series of intergrades from one genus to the other. The tribe Myxosargini, of the Stratiomyinae, is here proposed for the above genera, as well as for Prosopochrysa de Meijere, Acanthasargus White and Rha phiocerina Lindner. The question as to whether Exochostoma is valid, and, if so, whether it belongs here, probably will have to depend on the rediscovery of that genus. This matter has been discussed by Verrall (1901, p. 134), Seguy (1926, pp. 65-6) and Lindner (1938, p. 78). At present, all we have to depend on are Macquart’s description and illustra- tions, which were notably inaccurate. I am not sure whether all six genera considered here can be maintained. Prosopochrysa, Rhaphiocerina, Nothomyia, and Myxosargus seem sufficiently distinct from one another; but Acanthasargus and Melanochroa may have to be considered syn- onyms of Nothomyia. In general, the five genera are not very sharply defined. Tribe Myxosargini James, new tribe The tribe may be characterized as follows: Eyes of male con- tiguous (separated in Melanochroa), those of female separated, the front broadening gradually toward antennae; post ocular orbits narrow; antennae situated on more or less of an elevation, con- sisting of eight segments (except possibly in Melanochroa) , the 50 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVIII, NO. 2 terminal two or three segments tending to form an arista; face more or less produced downward, in Myxosargns noticeably so, in the other genera more obscurely so or not at all. Thorax narrow in front, broadest at wing bases; scutellum characteristically two- spined, the spines sometimes reduced to denticles or absent. Legs rather short, unmodified. Wing venation characteristic, R t ending near apex of discal cell; R 2+3 short, arising considerably beyond r-m, forming at least a 45° angle with R 4+5 , and ending near apex of R 2+3 ; (exception, Prosopochrysa) ; R 4 usually wanting; discal cell of moderate size, pentagonal or hexagonal, somewhat longer than high; media three-branched, but the first and third branches sometimes weakened, or the third even absent; second anal vein slightly but distinctly sinuate (except in Rhaphiocerinal) , but in any event the anal cell broader on apical half. Abdomen flat, sub- ovate, usually unicolorous, sometimes with pale markings. PROSOPOCHRYSA de Meijere De Meijere, 1907, Tijd. v. Ent., 50:220; Enderlein, 1914, Zool. Anz., 43:293; Brunetti, 1920, Fauna Br. India, I, p. 86; 1923, Rec. Indian Mus., 25:161. According to Brunetti’s (1923) illustrations of the head and wing, this genus certainly belongs in this tribe. The wing is essentially that of Nothomyia except for the complete absence of vein M-j and the fact that vein Ra+3 separates from R^s at cross- vein r-m, but runs closely parallel to R^ and then bends sharply to the margin. The antennae, according to Brunetti’s figure, are similar to those of Nothomyia scutellata. The scutellum is un- spined. Genotype, Prosopochrysa ( Chrysochlora ) vitripennis Dole- schall, the only species known. Prosopochrysa vitripennis Doleschall Doleschall, 1856, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., 10:408; de Meijere, 1907, Tijd. v. Ent., 50:220; Brunetti, 1920, Fauna Br. India, I, p. 86; 1923, Rec. Indian Mus., 25:161. Microchrysa albitarsis Brunetti, 1913, Rec. Ind. Mus., 8:156; 1920, Fauna Br. Ind., I, p. 86 (synonymy). Geosargus vitripennis Enderlein, 1914, Zool. Anz., 43:588. From India and Java. RHAPHIOCERINA Lindner Lindner, 1938, Die Fliegen der Pal. Region, 18, p. 32. I know this genus only from Lindner’s illustrations and de- scription. The antennae are shown without an arista, but this APRIL, 1942] JAMES— REVIEW OF MYXOSARGINI 51 peculiarity is mentioned nowhere in the text and is contrary to Lindner’s diagnosis of the subfamily (Geosarginae) . According to the figure, vein R4 is present; M 4 and M 3 are weak, and vanish on their apical two-thirds or more ; M 2 extends almost to the wing margin, and 2nd A is straight, though it diverges from the basal part of the cubitus. The thorax and abdomen, in the one species known, are metallic black marked with yellow, the former with widely separated longitudinal stripes, the latter with lateral and apical margins and interrupted posterior margins of the segments. Genotype, Rhaphiocerina ( Rhaphiocera ) hakiensis Mats., the only species known. Rhaphiocerina hakiensis Matsumura Matsumura, 1906, Thousand Insects of Japan, Addit. II, p. 373 ( Rhaphiocera ) ; Lindner, 1938, Die Fliegen der Pal. Region, 18, p. 32. Known only from Japan. ACANTHASARGUS White White, 1914, Pap. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1914-15:60; Hardy, 1932, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 44:48-9. I have seen only one species (A. varipes Hardy) ; in it, the arista is well developed, the basal segments of the antennae are shorter than those of Lindner’s illustration of Rhaphiocerina, vein R 4 is absent, and 2nd A is distinctly sinuate. Veins M x , M 2 , and M 3 as in Rhaphiocerina. In A. varipes there is a transverse white callus running from eye to eye above the antennae and separated from the rest of the front by a suture. In Nothomyia this raised area is present, but is indistinct and never white. Genotype, A. palustris White, by monotypy. The following four species are known, all from Australia: A. palustris White, 1914, Pap. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1914- 15:60. Tasmania. A. gracilis White, 1916,- Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 41:98. Australia. A. flavipes Hardy, 1932, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 44:48. Queensland. A. varipes Hardy, 1932, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 44:49. Queensland. 52 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0Lt XVIII, NO. 2 Key to the Species of Acanthasargus (After Hardy) 1. Thorax and abdomen entirely black 2 Thorax and abdomen yellow in part 3 2. Scutellum and scutellar spines black palustris White Scutellum with a yellow bar between yellow scutellar spines gracilis White 3. Scutellum and spines entirely yellow; legs almost entirely yel- low flavipes Hardy Scutellum black, scutellar spines yellow; legs yellow with sec- tions of the femora and tibiae black varipes Hardy MELANOCHROA Rfider Roder, 1886, Ent. Nachricht., 12:139; Brauer, 1882, Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 44:69. I have not seen any specimens of this genus but both Brauer and Williston have associated it with Myxosargus. Williston gives as the only generic characters separating Melanochroa and Myxo- sargus “the non-contiguity of the male eyes and the aristiform termination of the antennae.” To this may be added that the face is not produced downward, as in Myxosargus. Williston did not consider this of generic value, because two species of Eury- neura (which, incidentally, were later separated generically by Kertesz) differ in this respect. I cannot agree with him, however. Generic characters must be determined separately in each instance. What is of generic value in one group may not be of even specific value in another. Failure to recognize this fact has contributed much to the artificiality of our generic and higher classifications. Both Brauer and Roder attribute this genus to Schiner. How- ever, the first description I can find is that of Roder. I am, therefore, following the lead of Williston and Kertesz in crediting Melanochroa to Roder. Brauer, to be sure, placed it in his key, but without a description of the type species and on the basis of the erroneous statement (at least according to the descriptions of Roder and Williston) that the eyes of the male are contiguous. Both Brauer and Roder state that the flagellum of the anten- nae is eight-segmented. This is contrary to the condition which I have found in related genera. Melanochroa dubia Roder Roder, 1886, Ent. Nachricht., 12:139; Williston, 1888, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 15:254. The only species was described from Brazil and subsequently recorded from Rio de Janeiro by Williston. APRIL, 1942] JAMES— REVIEW OF MYXOSARGINI 53 NOTHOMYIA Lcew Loew, 1869, Cent., VIII, 4; Brauer, 1882, Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 44:69; Enderlein, 1914, Zool. Anz., 44:15; Janies 1935, Canad. Ent., 67:269; 1939, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 86:597. Berisargus Lindner, 1933, Rev. de Ent., 3:201. The position of this germs in the system of classification has been the subject of considerable dispute. Loew originally placed it in the Geosarginae, but stated that it was intermediate between Michrochrysa and Oxycera. Most authors have accepted this dis- posal. Lindner placed Berisargus in the Geosarginae in accord- ance with what he called our artificial system of classification, but associated it more closely with the Beridinae. What his rea- sons for this association were, he did not say. Too much emphasis should not be placed on the differences in antennal structure in this genus and in Myxosargus. For instance, a well graded series can be found ranging from typical Myxo- sargus antennal structure through Berisargus lopesi, B. fasciati- pennis, B. borgmeieri, Nothomyia calopus, and N. scutellata. The difference in facial profile of Nothomyia and Myxosargus has also been taken to be of generic value; yet M. knowltoni might be considered intermediate in position in this respect. Furthermore, Myxosargus has banded wings; Nothomyia may have more or less darkened wings, yet those of Berisargus fasci- atipennis are described as banded. Genotype of Nothomyia, N. scutellata, by designation of Brauer, 1882 ; of Berisargus, B. borgmeieri, by monotypy. Key to Species of Nothomyia 1. Wings brownish-gray, with three milky-white cross-bands fasciatipennis Lindner -. Wings more or less uniformly hyaline or light brownish, riot definitely cross-banded 2 2. Scutellar spines reduced to tubercles or very short, much shorter than half the distance between them 3 -. Scutellar spines of ordinary length, that is, definitely longer than half the distance between them 4 3. Scutellum yellow, black at base; spines short, but distinct; fem- ora black, with more or less of a greenish cast ....scutellata Loew -. Scutellum metallic green; spines reduced to tubercles; femora metallic green intensica Curran 4. Femora on apical third bright yellow calopus Loew -. Femora black 5 5. Flagellum of antenna very short, bright ye\\ow..parvicornis James Flagellum of antenna black or blackish 6 54 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 6. Terminal antennal segment thick and ribbon-like at base, sud- denly narrowing to a bristle- like part before its middle; scutel- lar spines robust, blunt, black nigra, n. sp. Terminal antennal segment an arista, or, if thickened at base, gradually tapering to a bristle- like part; scutellar spines slen- der, sharp, yellow 7 7. Antenna with a well-differentiated arista, the thickened portion of the flagellum shorter than antennal segments one and two combined; vein R 4 wanting 8 Terminal segments of flagellum not arista-like, and its basal portion as long or longer than segments one and two combined; halteres yellow 9 8. Pile of face black in the middle or largely black; pleura green- ish borgmeieri Lindner Pile of face white; pleura black viridis Hine 9. Vein R 4 wanting; halteres infuscated in male, distinctly brown- ish-black lopesi Lindner Vein R* present; halteres yellow longisetosa Lindner Nothomyia fasciatipennis Lindner Berisargus fasciatipennis Lindner, 1935, Rev. de Ent., 5:401. Known only from the male type, from Jussaral, Angra, E. do Rio, Brazil. Nothomyia scutellata Loew Loew, 1869, Cent., VIII, 4. Type series from Cuba. My records are all from Cuba: 1 $ , 1?, Guantanamo, May 7, 1914 (C. T. Ramsdan) ; 22, Loma del Gato, Cobre Range, Ote., 3000 feet, July 3-7, 1936 (Darlington) ; 1 2 , Mountains north of Imias, Eastern O'riente, 3000 to 4000 feet, July 25-28, 1936 (Darlington) ; 1$ , Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mountains, May 4, 1932 (S. C. Bruner, A. Otero); 15, Rio Almendares, May 27, 1934 (L. C. Scaramuzza) ; 2 5 , Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, May 11, 1924 (S. C. Bruner) and May 19, 1932 (A. R. Otero). Nothomyia intensica Curran Merosargus intensions Curran, 1928, in Gowdy, Ent. Bui. Dept. Agr. Jamaica, 4:33. This species has the general body form and wing venation of a Nothomyia. The antennae are wholly black; the basal three seg- ments of the flagellum (thickened part) are slightly shorter, taken together, than the first two antennal segments combined ; the arista is long. Body metallic green, the dorsal parts with a strong purplish cast; legs black; middle and hind basitarsi, except apices, APRIL, 1942] JAMES— REVIEW OF MYXOSARGINI 55 white; femora with a metallic green cast. and M 3 developed only on basal third or less. Curran probably placed this species in Merosargus because of the apparently unspined scutellum; however, other characters suggest Nothomyia, and evidences of spines are seen in the broad, thick, fused tubercles at the apex of the scutellum. I have seen four males, Bath, Jamaica, April 1, 1931 (E. L. Bell), and 15, Balaclava, Jamaica (A. E. Wright). Nothomyia calopus Loew Loew, 1869, Cent., VIII, 5. Type, female, Cuba. I have the following records. Florida: 15, Hudson, July 13, 1939 (P. B. Lawson). Cuba: 1$, Santiago delas Vegas, March 4, 1932 (A. Otero) ; 1 2 , Baraqua, August 12, 1927 (L. C. Scaramuzza) . Nothomyia parvicornis James James, 1939, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 86:598. Holotype, male, San Carlos, Costa Rica. Nothomyia nigra James, new species Female. Head shining black; front, vertex, and post-ocular orbits with bluish-green reflections. Ocular orbits on each side above antennae with a silvery-pollinose patch. Pile of face and lower part of front black, that of rest of head golden; some black pile on front, and there may be some golden on face; that of lower part of head dense and conspicuous. Antennae black; ratio of seg- ments 8:8:5:3:3:3:5;22; pile on first two black, on others white and inconspicuous; segments three to six robust; seven less than half as wide (from front view) as six; eight as wide at base as width of seven, but suddenly narrowing just before middle to an aristiform style. Thorax, including scutellum and spines, black, shining but reflection somewhat dulled on dorsum; spines thick, blunt, short, about one-third length of scutellum, each two-thirds distance between them; scutellum unusually large, its length, ex- cluding spines, one-third that of dorsum; pile of thorax wholly golden. Legs black with golden pile, only middle and hind basi- tarsi, except apices, yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, veins yellow; R 2+3 arising slightly before and ending slightly beyond apex of discal cell; M 3 evanescent on apical third. Abdomen wholly black, with golden pile. Length, 6 mm. Holotype, female, No. 25662, Museum of Comparative Zoo- logy, and paratype, female, Valla Nuevo, S. E. Constanza, Dominican Republic, 7000 feet, August, 1938 (Darlington) . 56 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XVIII, NO. 2 Nothomyia borgmeieri Lindner Berisargus borgmeieri Lindner, 1933, Rev. de Ent., 3:202. Types from Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil. I have two pairs from Jussaral, Angra, E. do Rio, October, 1934 (Travassos and Lopes) and October 26, 1935 (Lopes and H. Lent), compared with the types by Dr. Hugo de Sousa Lopes. Nothomyia viridis Hine Hine, 1911, Ohio Nat., 11:301. Described from Sandusky, Ohio, and recorded by James (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 86:598) from Puerto Rico. Nothomyia lopesi Lindner Berisargus lopesi Lindner, 1935, Rev. de Ent., 5:401. Types from Jussaral, Angra dos Reis, E. do Rio, Brazil. I have two pairs from the type locality and from Japuhyba, Angra, E. do Rio, October, 1934 (Travassos and Lopes), compared with the types by Dr. Lopes. Also 1 $ , Juquia, Sao Paulo (John Lane) . Nothomyia longisetosa Lindner Berisargus longisetosus Lindner, 1933, Senckenbergiana, 15:328. Type, male, Itatiaya, Brazil. MYXOSARGUS Brauer Brauer, 1882, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 44:77; Enderlein, 1914, Zool. Anz., 43:612; Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 1-4. Eyes contiguous in the male, separated in the female; antennae eight-segmented, the first and second segments subequal in length or the first the longer; third to fifth compact, but distinctly sepa- rated from each other; sixth, seventh, and eighth forming a style, the eighth segment the longest. Face prominent, the antennae situated at its upper angle; below, the face projects below the level of the oral margin. Discal cell rather small. Vein R 2+3 aris- ing beyond cross-vein r-m, which is distinct, although sometimes short; R 4 wanting. Wings cross-banded with blackish. Eight species have been previously known, four of them from one sex only. So far as known, the genus is confined to the tropi- cal and warmer temperate regions of the New World. Genotype, Myxosargus fasciatas Brauer, by original designa- tion. APRIL, 1942] JAMES— REVIEW OF MYXOSARGINI 57 The following keys are based, with additions and emenda- tions, on that of Curran’s review cited above. Key to the Species of Myxosargus Females 1. Middle and hind femora broadly yellow at base scutellatus Williston Middle and hind femora black on basal half or more 2 2. Antennae wholly black 3 Antennae reddish or yellowish on at least basal two segments..4 3. Base of scutellum black; all tibiae broadly yellow at apex nigricomis Greene Scutellum wholly yellow; front tibiae entirely black knowltoni Curran 4. Front with a median and two lateral tubercles ..fasciatus Brauer Front with only one tubercle 5 5. Scutellum black with yellow border braueri Williston Scutellum yellow 6 6. Frontal tubercle geminate, longitudinally divided; knobs of halteres yellow 7 Frontal tubercle not divided, rather small; knobs of halteres brown texensis Curran 7. Hind tibiae wholly brown or black; black pile on facial snout dense, bushy, upcurved . pilosus, n. sp. Hind tibiae broadly yellow at apex; black pile on facial snout ordinary panamensis Curran Males 1. Antennae wholly black 2 Antennae reddish or yellow on at least basal two segments 3 2. Apical half of middle tibiae yellow; pile of mesonotum black.... nigrico r rnis Greene Middle tibiae black except extreme apex; pile of mesonotum yellowish knowltoni Curran 3. Front black with two chalk-white marks at base of antennae fasciatus Brauer Front at most obscurely reddish at base of antennae 4 4. Apices of all tibiae broadly yellow or yellowish..tecce?ms Curran At least hind tibiae wholly black or nearly so 5 5. Anal cell more or less strongly clouded with brown; middle of mesonotum with yellow pile 6 Basal half of wing hyaline; pile of thorax grayish white grypus Enderlein 6. Facial pile all black or blackish, that of snout dense, bushy, upcurved pilosus, n. sp. -. Facial pile yellow, except on apex of snout, ordinary panamensis Curran 58 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST ^VOL XVIII NO 2 Myxosargus nigricornis Greene Greene, 1918, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 20:71. The original spelling, nigricormis, was a typographical error. The facial projection is prominent and forms an acute angle, when viewed from the side. Type series from Chain Bridge, D. C., and Plummer’s Island, Md. I have identified a male from Logan County, Ohio, July 12, 1930 (James S. Hine) . Fig. 1, Nothomyia calopus Loew, wing. Fig. 2, Myxosargus knowltoni Curran, dististylus of male genitalia. Fig. 3, Myxo- sargus pilosus James, n. sp., male genitalia. Fig. 4, Nothomyia scutellata Loew, antenna. Fig. 5, Nothomyia borgmeieri Lindner, antenna. Fig. 6, Nothomyia lopesi Lindner, antenna. Fig. 7, Myxo- sargus knowltoni Curran, antenna. Myxosargus knowltoni Curran Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 2. Differs from other species known to me in the profile of the facial projection, which forms a decidedly obtuse angle below, in both sexes. Type locality, Clearfield, Utah. I have seen numerous specimens from various localities in Utah, from the Idaho line to St. George, and from April to August. Other records are as follows. Idaho: Franklin, July 9, APRIL, 1942] JAMES— REVIEW OF MYXOSARGINI 59 1937 (C. F. Smith, F. C. Harmston), and July 17, 1937 (Knowl- ton and Smith) ; Preston, July 4, 1937 (Smith and Harmston) and July 2, 1937 (Knowlton). Oregon: Phoenix, July 13, 1930 (Scullen). California: Big Pine, Inyo County, June 17, 1929 (E. P. Van Duzee) ; Lone Pine, Inyo County, June 1, 1937 (N. W. Frazier) ; Los Angeles, May, 1915 (M. C. Van Duzee) and August 3, 1916. Myxosargus texensis Curran Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 4. Male (previously undescribed). Scutellum greenish-black like thorax, only apex, lateral margins, and spines being yellow. Mid- dle and hind femora wholly black. Differs from female otherwise only in sexual characters. Male, Menard County, Texas, July 19, 1928 (R. H. Beamer). Myxosargus pilosus James, new species Male. Head black, shining; two oval silvery-pollinose spots, almost touching each other, on upper part of front; face acutely produced below the oral margin. Pile of head dense, especially below, black with a few pale hairs intermixed, the black pile of front, face, and cheeks half again to twice as long as first anten- nal segment. Antennae yellow on first two segments, yellowish to brownish at base of flagellum, grading to brown on its terminal segments. Proboscis yellow. Thorax black with a distinctly green cast, the narrow apex and spines of the scutellum yellow; pile com- paratively abundant and for the most part as long as that of head, that on middle of dorsum and scutellum yellow, erect, conspicuous, and long, that on sternum and lower parts of pleura yellow and less conspicuous, that on sides of dorsum, metanotal slopes, and upper parts of pleura black. Legs black; extreme tips of front femora and tibiae, apical third to half of middle tibiae, and basal two to three segments of middle and hind tarsi, yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings with usual two dark cross-bands; discal cell rather short and blunt. Abdomen black, yellow-pilose with considerable black pile intermixed, especially on dorsum and sides of basal seg- ments. Genital dististyli broad, bilobed at apex, the lobes blunt, the inner one the broader. Length, 6 mm. Female. Pile of head no longer than first antennal segment; that of front, vertex, and upper part of face whitish. Front with a median rather indistinctly geminate tubercle. Pile of thorax and abdomen entirely whitish. Scutellum entirely yellow. Hind tibiae briefly yellow at apex. Otherwise as in male. 60 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XVIII, NO. 2 Holotype, male, University of Arizona collection, allotype, female, and ten male paratypes, Tempe, Ariz., May 17, 1926 (A. A. Nichol) ; paratype, female, Juan Mina, Rio Chagres, C. Z., April 11 (C. B. Fairchild). Myxosargus pilosus guatemalae James, new subspecies Differs from the typical subspecies mainly in that the black areas tend to be brownish; the abdomen, in both sexes, is distinctly brownish and lacks black pile; the pile of the metanotal slopes, in the male, is predominantly yellow. Holotype, male, Ohio State University collection, Amatitlan, Guatemala, Feb. 7, 1905 (J. S. Hine), allotype, female, and para- type, female, Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 13, 1905. Myxosargus panamensis Curran Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 4. Type series from Barro Colorado Id., Ft. Davis, and Corozal, C. Z., and Panama City. I have identified a female from Mira Flores Locks, C. Z., Jan. 17, 1929 (C. H. Curran) . I have no additional records for the following species belong- ing to this genus: M. scutellatus Williston, 1901, Biol. Centr. Amer. Dipt., I, p. 251; Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 2. Mexico. M. fasciatus Brauer, 1882, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 44:78; Giglio-Tos, 1901, Mem. Acad. Sci. Nat. Torino, 431:109; Williston, 1901, Biol. Centr. Amer. Dipt., I, p. 251; Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., p. 2. Mexico. M. braueri Williston, 1888, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 15:254; Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 4. Brazil. M. grypus Enderlein, 1914, Zool. Anz., 43:612; Curran, 1929, Amer. Mus. Nov., 378, p. 3. Mexico. Literature Cited Brauer, Friedrich, 1882, Die Zweifliigler des kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. II. Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 44:59-89. Lindner, Erwin, 1938, Die Fligen der Palaearktischen Region, 18. Stratiomyidae. Erwin Nagele, Stuttgart. Seguy, E., 1926, Faune de France, 13 Dipteres (Brafchyceres). Paul Lechevalier, Paris. Verrall, G. H., 1901, British Flies, V, Stratiomyidae, etc. Gurney and Jackson, London. APRIL, 1942] FRISON— STONEFLIES 61 DESCRIPTIONS, RECORDS AND SYSTEMATIC NOTES CONCERNING WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN STONEFLIES (Plecoptera) BYT. H. FRISON Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana ( Continued from January issue) Capnia melia Frison, new species Figures 5a-5c Male. Body and appendages brown to black. No gill remnants. Head much wider than pronotum; lateral ocelli about three times as far apart as distance from inner margins of compound eyes; median ocellus about as far forward from lateral ocelli as distance between them; maxillary palpi less than thickness of basal flagellar segments. Pronotum slightly wider than long, with a distinct median longitudinal line or space; embossings present. Wings extending beyond tip of abdomen, uniformly hyaline; radius of forewing sinuate at origin of radial sector. Abdomen with first seven segments without special structures; a narrow, membranous, median, longitudinal stripe on first few basal tergites; eighth tergite with a small, raised, slightly rear- ward-directed, knoblike structure or tubercle, figs. 5a and 5b; supra-anal process shaped as in figs. 5a and 5b, and extending to knob-like structure on eighth tergite. Ninth sternite without a lobe at the base. Cerci long, many segmented. Length of body, 5 mm. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male. Eighth abdominal sternite, fig. 5c, forming a subgenital plate, with its posterior margin slightly curved. A broad, membranous, median stripe extends longitudinally across tergites one through eight. Holotype, male, Clackamus County, Oregon, Wildcat Creek tributary of Sandy River, Feb. 3, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Allo- type, female, same data as for holotype. Paratypes all from Oregon: same data as for holotype, 39 £ and 24 $ ; same data as for holotype, except from Cedar Creek, 9 $ and 119; same data as for holotype, except from Alder Creek, 4 $ and 5 9 ; Clatsop County, tributary of Mecanicum River, 6 miles south of Seaside, Feb. 18, 1939, 1 $ ; Clatsop County, Big Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, 1£ ; Columbia County, Gnat Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, ; Benton County, Yew Creek, Jan. 31, 1938, 5 $ . All specimens collected by S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratypes in collection of Illinois Natural History Survey and S. G. Jewett, Jr. 62 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y OL XVIII, NO. 2 Figures 5-9. Western North American Stoneflies APRIL, 1942] FRISON— STONEFLIES 63 This is a very distinctive species, which runs in the key to species, males only, of the genus Capnia in Needham & Claassen (1925) to nearctica Banks. It differs from nearctica in the male most noticeably by the shape of the supra-anal process and the form of the tubercle on the eighth tergite. It should be noted here that the figure for nearctica given by Needham & Claassen shows a raised tubercle on what seems to be the seventh abdom- inal tergite, whereas the description and key refer to this process as on the eighth tergite. Capnia jewetti Frison, new species Figures 6a-6c Similar in general features to Capnia melia Frison. Differs from this and other species of the genus as follows: Male. Abdomen, figs. 6a and 6b, with first three segments with- out special structures; fourth, fifth and sixth tergites each with a pair of small, raised tubercles on posterior margin of segment, the ones on fifth and sixth larger than those on fourth; no tubercles on seventh, eighth or ninth tergites, but median posterior portions of eighth and ninth somewhat membranous; supra-anal process short, somewhat pointed, with apex on upper side slit or with an opening. Ninth sternite without a lobe at base. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male. * Eighth abdominal sternite with weakly and strongly sclerotized areas as in fig. 6c. A broad, membranous, median stripe extends longitudinally across tergites one through eight. Holotype, male, Benton County, Oregon, 14 miles south of Corvallis, Muddy Creek, Feb. 10, 1938, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Allo- type, female, same data as for holotype. Paratypes all from Oregon: same data as for holotype, 6 3 ; St. Helens, Columbia County, Tide Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, 13,12; Columbia County, Gnat Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, 13. All specimens collected by S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratypes in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey and S. G. Jewett, Jr. Capnia oregona Frison, new species Figures 7a-7b Similar in general features to Capnia melia Frison. Differs from this and other species of the genus as follows. Male. Abdomen, figs. 7a and 7b, with first seven segments with- 64 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y OL XVIII, NO. 2 out special structures; eighth tergite with a small, narrow, median, transverse ridge on posterior part, ninth and tenth tergites with membranous area in central area; supra-anal process distinctly curved, viewed from above, pointed and extending part way over ninth tergite. Holotype, male, Benton County, Oregon, 14 miles south of Corvallis, Muddy Creek, Feb. 10, 1938, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratypes all from Oregon: same data as for holotype, 3 3 ; St. Helens, Columbia County, Milton Creek, Feb. 19, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr., 13 ; Corvallis, March 11, 1935, K. Gray, 13. Para- types in the collections of Illinois Natural History Survey, Oregon State College and S. G. Jewett, Jr. Capnia elevata Frison, new species Figures 8a-8c Similar in general features to Capnia melia Frison. Differs from this and other species of the genus as follows. Male. Wings very short, not extending beyond first segment, venation poorly developed. Abdomen, figs. 8a and 8b, with first six segments without special structures; seventh tergite with a rearward projecting hump on middle portion of posterior margin, surface of hump somewhat granulate; eighth and ninth tergites without special structures except that median portion of ninth is more weakly sclerotized; supra-anal process enlarged beyond base and then tapering to a point, decidedly thickened through part at greatest width, tip normally resting under hump of seventh tergite. Ninth sternite without a lobe at base. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male. Wings not extending beyond eighth segment, radius of forewing sinuate at point of origin of radial sector. Eighth abdominal sternite with a narrow, light colored, longitudinal stripe and with posterior margin almost straight, as in fig. 8c. A broad, membra- nous, median stripe extends longitudinally across tergites one through at least part of seven. Holotype, male, Corvallis, Oregon, Marks Creek, Feb. 26, 1938, Ball & White. Allotype, female, same data as for holotype. Paratypes: same data as for holotype, 63, 3$. Paratypes in collections of Illinois Natural History Survey and Oregon State College. This species will run in the key to males of the genus 'Capnia in Needham & Claassen (1925) to the species decepta Banks APRIL, 1942] PRISON— STONE FLIES 65 known to date only from Colorado. The short wings of both sexes, the more pointed supra-anal process of the male, the heavily sclerotized eighth abdominal tergite and the light-colored median, longitudinal stripe on the eighth sternite of the female, all suggest the specimens here recorded are distinct from decepta. Capnia umpqua Frison, new species Figures 9a-9c Similar in general features to Capnia melia Frison. Differs from this and other species of the genus as follows: Male. Abdomen, figs. 9a and 9b, with first seven segments with- out special structures; eighth tergite with a deeply incised, mem- branous area extending from middle portion of posterior margin almost to anterior margin of segment, a prominent lobe or tubercle on posterior margin of sclerotized portion of segment and adjacent to the membranous area; ninth tergite with middle area membra- nous except at extreme anterior margin; supra-anal process rather short and extending part way over ninth tergite, somewhat tubular with a slit or opening near pointed tip. Ninth sternite without a lobe at base. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male. Eighth abdominal sternite with posterior margin slightly produced, as in fig. 9c. A broad, membranous, median stripe extends longi- tudinally across tergites one through eight. Holotype, male, Douglas County, Oregon, Umpqua River, February 21, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Allotype, female, same data as for holotype. Paratypes all from Oregon: same data as for holotype, 7$, 5 2. Paratypes in the collections of Illinois Natural History Sur- vey and S. G. Jewett, Jr. Capnia tumida Claassen Figures 10a- 10c Capnia tumida Claassen. 1924. Can. Ent. 56 :47. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male as described by Claassen (1924). Important features of the hereto- fore undescribed female are as follows : Eighth abdominal sternite forming a slightly projecting subgenital plate shaped as in fig. 10a, this area being continuously fused with the sclerotized area of the seventh sternite; a broad, membranous, median stripe extends longitudinally across tergites one through seven, and most of eight. 66 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VO L. XVIII, NO. 2 Allotype, female, Portland, Oregon, Johnson Creek at 82nd Street, Feb. 3, 1939, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Associated with the specimen designated as the allotype are 5 £ and 1$. Because this species has not been recorded since the time of its original description the following additional records for both sexes are presented: Corvallis, Oregon, March 5, 1938, 12, Don Coons; Oak Creek, Jan. 23 and 30, 1935, 22, March 1, 1935, 1 2 , R. W. Prentiss; Dixon Creek, Jan. 19, 1935, 2 2 ; March 11, 1935, 1$, K. Gray; March 6, 1936, 12, S. G. Jewett, Jr.; Oak Creek, March 27, 1937, 12, S. G. Jewett, Jr.; March 6, 1938, 112, Bolinger & Jewett; McFaddens Lake, Benton County, Jan. 12, 1938, 12, E. E. Crawford; Wrens, Benton County, Mary’s River, March 19, 1933, 2 2, R. Dimick; Port- land, Oregon, Johnson Creek at Errol Station, Feb. 3, 1939, 2 $ . Additional illustrations, figs. 10b and 10c, of the male are given to facilitate identification of this species. Capnia nana Claassen Figure 11 Capnia nana Claassen. 1924. Can. Ent. 56:46. Female. Similar in most morphological features to the male as described by Claassen (1924). Important features of the hereto- fore undescribed female are as follows : Eighth abdominal sternite, fig. 11, forming a weakly-developed subgenital plate, posterior margin and median longitudinal area darkest and most heavily sclerotized; a broad, membranous median stripe extends longitu- dinally across tergites one through eight; wings slightly extending beyond tip of abdomen. Allotype, female, Terrace, B. C., 1936, Mrs. M. E. Hippisley. Associated with the specimen designated as the allotype are 9 2 and 62. It should be noted that the allotype and associated specimens come from the exact locality of the original typic specimens, collected 13 years earlier. Because this species has not been recorded since the time of its original description the following distributional records are presented: Logan Canyon, Utah, April 3, 1938, 27 2, 17 2 ; Mar. 20, 1938, 2 2 ; Jan. 15, 1938, 5 2,32; Feb. 20, 1938, 1 2 ; Feb. 26, 1938, 12; all collected by William P. Nye. Smithfield Can- yon, Utah, March 19, 1939, 42, 42, Nye, Harmston & Knowlton; Logan Canyon, Beaver Creek, Utah, April 19, 1940, 12, 12, APRIL, 1942] FRISON— STONEFLIES 67 1 17 b 17c IsOCAPNIA AB8REVIATA AcRONEUR/A PACIFICA Figures 10-19. Western North American Stoneflies 68 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L> XVIII, NO. 2 William P. Nye. These Utah specimens differ from the typical nana from British Columbia chiefly in that wings of the males are greatly reduced in size and that the females vary from short- to long-winged forms. Such a brachypterous condition is en- countered in stoneflies of varied genera from time to time. Isocapnia Banks Isocapnia Banks. 1938. Psyche 45(1) :73. Banks (1938) has recently proposed the generic name of Isocapnia for Capnia crinita N. & C., figs. 14a and 14b, a new species called fumosa, and Arsapnia grandis Banks, the last being made the genotype. Whether this group of western capniids is entitled to full generic status is a matter of opinion. Tempora- rily, at least, I am accepting Isocapnia as a generic name for those capniid species having the following characters: radius straight at point of origin of radial sector in forewing; mostly large species; tendencies for several costal crossveins; long, many- segmented anal cerci; females with a very narrow, median, longi- tudinal membranous stripe extending across abdominal tergites one through eight ; and males with a lobe at the base of the ninth abdominal stemite. The presence of a lobe at the base of the ninth abdominal sternite in the male is a very important character of Isocapnia and surprisingly it was not reported for any North American capniid males until Claassen (1937) described Capnia fumigata, fig. 15, which belongs in Isocapnia. A study of the typic male specimen of grandis Banks reveals the presence of this lobe, and it is conspicuous also in all other males of this genus which I have examined. The narrow, longitudinal, membranous, dorsal abdominal stripe, fig. 12, of the females of Isocapnia, in con- trast to the broad stripe of the females of Capnia, fig. 13, has not been noted before, but is conspicuous and highly distinctive. I am indebted to Dr. Nathan Banks of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., for the privilege of study- ing the types of A. grandis Banks and /. fumosa Banks and to Dr. Henry Dietrich of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., for the same privilege in the case of C. crinita N. & C. and C. fumigata Claassen. The actual number of species belonging to Isocapnia presents a problem impossible of solution at present. Only a few speci- APRIL, 1942] PRISON— STONEFLIES 69 mens of the genus are as yet represented in collections and most of these involve typic specimens assigned specific names without much comparative study. Further comments concerning this problem are given in connection with my remarks about crinita (fig. 14a), fumigata (fig. 15) and grandis and the species pro- posed as new in this paper. Isocapnia GRANDIS (Banks) Arsapnia grandis Banks. 1908. Can. Ent. 37:329. Capnia grandis Needham & Claassen. 1925. Monograph of Plecop- tera of America North of Mexico, Thomas Say Foundation, 2:259. The original typic series (M.C.Z. No. 11365) includes a male from “Victoria, B. C., Ap. 12-1907” and a female from “Banff, Alberta, June 17, 1901.” Since the proper association of males and females in this group is still conjectural, it seems highly desirable to establish a single specimen for nomenclatorial rea- sons and accordingly I am selecting the male specimen to be known as the lectotype. This male has a supra-anal process which is somewhat recurved backward beyond its middle (pi. 48, fig. 6, Needham & Claassen 1925). The female in the original typic series may or may not be the female which properly belongs with the typic male, although it definitely belongs to Isocapnia. This female has a subgenital plate suggestive of crinita N. & C. Isocapnia crinita (Needham & Claassen) Figure 14a Capnia crinita Needham & Claassen. 1925. Monograph of Plecoptera of America North of Mexico, Thomas Say Foundation, 2:269. The original description of this species, based upon a female specimen, contains a brief comment concerning the shape of the subgenital plate, but, contrary to the procedure followed in the case of other species treated, contains no illustration. During a recent study of the holotype, in poor condition, from “Montana Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana, May 12, 1917, R. A. Cooley,” a drawing was made of the subgenital plate, and it is reproduced here, fig. 14a, to aid with the future recognition of this species. 70 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 The holotypic female of crinita (N. & C.) and the allotypic female of fumigata appear upon the basis of the subgenital area to represent two distinct species; the posterior margin of the eighth abdominal sternite of the latter showing a distinct process which is deeply recessed or cleft (Pl. 3, fig. 5, Claassen 1937, p. 78), whereas in crinita this margin is not recessed. It remains to be proved whether the differences observed and here reported are good criteria for the separation of crinita from fumigata. The impossibility at present of properly or definitely assign- ing males with females and the number of actual species in Isocapnia have been mentioned elsewhere in this paper. Dr. W. E. Ricker has collected and sent to me from “Agassiz, B. C., Fraser River, April 24, 1938,” a female which has the sub- genital plate not recessed, and therefore it is in agreement with the holotypic female described as crinita. This female is smaller than those considered as fumigata and the wings are more hyaline. Collected at the same time and place are two small males, also from Dr. Ricker, which in general are similar to grandis, but the supra-anal process, fig. 14b, in each specimen is arched forward and not recurved backward beyond its middle, and both pairs of wings are weakly developed. It is possible that these brachy- pterous males are distinct from grandis and represent the male which goes with crinita. On the other hand, it is also possible that these differences represent merely variations. In the Illinois Natural History Survey collection are three females and one male of Isocapnia from Utah which further com- plicate the situation and suggest that grandis may be an extremely variable species. The male differs from males which I now recog- nize as grandis and crinita in having the supra-anal process straight, fig. 16. Two of the females seem, on the basis of the subgenital plate, best to fit crinita, but one suggests fumigata. Isocapnia fumigata (Claassen) Figures 12, 15 Capnia fumigata Claassen. 1937. Can. Ent. 69:79. Isocapnia fumosa Banks. 1938. Psyche 45 (1) : 74. New synonymy. A study of the allotypic female of Capnia fumigata Claassen (1937) and the two cotypic specimens (M.C.Z. No. 22661) of APRIL, 1942] PRISON— STONEFLIES 71 Isocapnia fumosa Banks (1938) leads me to the conclusion that these two are of the same species, the name fumigata having priority. The subgenital plate of fumosa agrees very well with that of fumigata and no differences of any kind were observed. Both species were described from specimens collected in Oregon. The typic series of fumosa Banks (M.C.Z. No. 22661) con- tains two specimens. One of these from “Ore. Nat. Forest, Her- man, Oregon, IV-18-20, 700' alt., A. C. Burrill coll.,” was re- laxed and the subgenital region carefully studied while in fluid. I am designating this particular specimen as the lectotype for obvious nomenclatorial reasons. I have before me, collected and kindly sent to me by Dr. W. E. Ricker, a male and a female from “Cultus Lake, B. C., 25-IV-37” and another male and female from “Agassiz, B. C., Fraser River, April 24, 1938,” which I accept as fumigata. Both of these fe- males have the subgenital plate similar to fumigata as figured by Claassen (1937, fig. 7) and the males have the supra-anal process, fig. 15, slightly curved backwards beyond the middle and about similar in comparative length to that in the illustration of fumi- gata by Claassen (1937, fig. 4). The similarity of these males to grandis, as described and illustrated by Needham & Claassen (1925, pi. 48, fig. 6), suggest that fumigata is a synonym of grandis. Claassen in describing the male of fumigata states it “is very closely allied to Capnia grandis Banks, but differs in the structure of the supra-anal process which in fumigata is shorter and a little more slender than in grandis .” I hesitate, however, to propose this synonymy until conclusive evidence has been obtained from the study of more material. Isocapnia abbreviata Frison, new species Figures 17a-17c Similar in most general features to Isocapnia grandis (Banks) . Differs from this and other species of the genus as follows. Male. Very small for this genus, 9 mm. to tip of wings. Ab- domen, figs. 17a and 17b, with first nine segments without special structures; supra-anal process small, very short, about equal to first tarsal segment in length, and gradually tapering to a point; ninth sternite, fig. 17c, with a small lobe at middle of basal margin. 72 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L . XVIII, NO. 2 Holotype, male, Benton County, Oregon, Oak Creek, Feb. 26, 1938, S. G. Jewett, Jr. Paratype, male, Scranton, California, Waddell Creek, April 16, 1933, F. H. Sumner. Deposited in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. This species is very closely related to Isocapnia grandis Banks (1908). Major points of similarity are the straightness of the radius at the point of origin of the radial sector in the forewing, the size of the anal area of the hind wing, the presence of an oblique crossvein beyond the end of costa, the many-jointed anal cerci, the shape of the supra-anal process and the small lobe on the median basal margin of the ninth stemite. The extremely small size of these two specimens and the short, stubby supra- anal process, coupled with the present lack of understanding of limits of specific variation within the genus, suggest the safest systematic policy to follow is to name these specimens as a new species. Acroneuria pacifica Banks Figures 19a-19d Acroneuria pacifica Banks. 1900. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 26:242. Acroneuria pumila Banks. 1906. Can. Ent. 38:335. New synonymy. Acroneuria delta Claassen. 1937. Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc. 10:42. New synonymy. Hesperoperla obscura Banks. 1938. Psyche 45:137. New synonymy. During the past few years, I have had the opportunity of studying in considerable detail the female types of Acroneuria pacifica Banks (1900) from “Washington State” (M.C.Z. No. 11311) , pumila Banks (1906) from “Three Rivers, Cal.” (M.C.Z. No. 11313), delta Claassen (1937) from “Yellowstone River, Wyoming” (Cornell Univ. coll.) and obscura Banks (1938) from “Laggan, Alberta” (M.C.Z. No. 23233). As a result of the study of these types and series of specimens from many other western localities, I am convinced that pumila, delta and obscura are synonymys of pacifica. One of the important recognition characters of adults of pacifica , and omitted in descriptions to date, is the presence of three pairs of thoracic and one pair of anal gill remnants, hang- overs from the nymphal stage. The three pairs of thoracic gill APRIL, 1942] FRISON— STONEFLIES 73 remnants are common to all North American Acroneuria but the presence or absence of the anal gill remnants is a very important character in the recognition of the species, and this has hereto- fore been completely overlooked in taxonomic papers dealing with adults of this genus. These gill remnants are of importance in other genera, also, as indicated by Frison [1929, Fall and winter stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bui. 18(2) :345-409] in connection with species of Taenioptery- gidae. My studies of the types of pacifica, pumila, delta and obscura have shown that all these types possess the anal gill remnants in addition to the usual thoracic ones. Furthermore, no essential points of difference in other characters were found among them. Admittedly, the shape of the subgenital plate of females of Acroneuria is a very important and useful character in the determination of species of this genus. However, studies of series of specimens from similar and different localities, and reared specimens, show that this structure, like most other structures in this group of insects, is subject to some variation. In my opinion the differences in the sjhape of subgenital plate noted and illustrated by the describers of pacifica, pumila, delta and obscura are all within the limits of variation of one species, which must be recognized as pacifica because of priority of de- scription. In support of this contention, I present figures 18a-18d which show the variation in the subgenital plate of four speci- mens of pacifica from Camp Sherman, Ore., July 19, 1939. Simi- lar examples might be selected from other localities. Brachy- pterous adults, a condition displayed by the type of pumila, are frequently encountered in various genera and species of stone- flies, and I have seen many specimens of pacifica from Utah which were brachypterous. Nymphal and exuvial collections in consid- erable numbers from many western states do not indicate a diver- sity of pacifica- like species in the western states. As a result of my studies, therefore, I am convinced that pumila, delta and obscura are all synonymys of pacifica. At the same time that obscura was described by Banks, he proposed the new genus Hesperoperla for it and pacifica, making the latter the genotype. Although the North American species of Acroneuria exhibit some slight differences in the mesosternal grooves, I fail to find sufficient differences in these or other char- acters to warrant the recognition of Hesperoperla as a separate genus. 74 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 TWO MEXICAN SPECIES OF XEROMEGACHILE (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) BY THEODORE B. MITCHELL 1 All previous records of the occurrence of species of the sub- genus Xeromegachile have been in the United States and south- western Canada. It is of interest and some importance, therefore, to discover a new species from Mexico and also to record a previously described species from that country. Both records, however, are from Sonora in northwestern Mexico, indicating a relatively slight penetration southward. Moreover, it is quite likely that ecologically the localities in which these two species were collected are more closely related to the regions north of the Mexican border than to the regions further south. All of the evidence indicates that Xeromegachile is of recent origin. It includes more species than any other nearctic group of Mega- chile, the great majority of them occurring in the western United States which evidently is the center of origin of the group. These Mexican records, being so exceptional, give added support to the conclusions to be drawn from the other facts concerning the distribution of the group. Megachile (Xeromegachile) boharti Mitchell, new species This is a close relative of M. legalis Cresson, the female of which has not been discovered. The male differs from legalis most conspicuously in the shape of the carina of segment 6 of the abdomen. This is nearly as long as it is broad in legalis and is markedly convex in profile, while in boharti it is very short and broad, obtusely triangular, and is straight in profile. Other dif- ferences are to be observed but are less evident. Female. Size: length, 11 mm.; breadth of abdomen, 4 mm.; anterior wing, 7.5 mm. Structure: Length and breadth of face subequal; eyes sub- parallel; clypeal margin straight and entire; mandible 4-dentate, the cutting edge between the third and fourth teeth quite short; 1 Research Contribution No. 15 published with the aid of the State College Re- search Fund, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina. APRIL, 1942] MITCHELL— XEROMEGACHILE 75 basal joint of flagellum very slightly longer than the pedicel or the second joint which are subequal; lateral ocelli equidistant from eyes and edge of vertex; margin of vertex nearly straight; cheeks below broader than eyes, narrowed above; mid and hind metatarsi shorter and slightly narrower than their tibiae; abdominal terga with well defined basal grooves, that on the fifth segment entire, the apical margin depressed laterally, but only very slightly so medially; sixth tergum in profile straight and with very short erect hairs visible, the surface slightly impressed on each side of an obscure median ridge. Puncturation : Close, deep and quite coarse on clypeus, the supraclypeal area shining and sparsely punctate medially; shallow, minute and close on the shining cheeks; deep, but rather fine, separated by about their own width on vertex; slightly more coarse on mesonotum and scutellum, sparse medially, close later- ally; rather shallow and close on pleura, becoming more coarse below; minute, obscure and very close on abdomen basally, becom- ing deeper and more distinct but still quite close, to the fifth tergum, very fine and crowded on the sixth. Color: Black; wings lightly inf uscated ; tegulae, wing nervures, and antennae beneath deep ferruginous to piceous; spurs ferru- ginous. Pubescence: Bather short in general; entirely white on face, cheeks, pleura, propodeum, legs and basal segment of abdomen, but pale ferruginous beneath tarsal joints; mostly black on vertex, disc of mesonotum, scutellum and discs of abdominal segments 2-6, the mesonotum anteriorly and laterally with some white pubescence and the scutello-mesothoracic suture obscurely white fasciate; segments 1-5 of abdomen with entire white apical fas- ciae; segment 6 with some inconspicuous silvery tomentum, this becoming brownish at tip; scopa entirely white except for a few black hairs on sixth sternum apically. Male. Size: length, 11 mm.; breadth of abdomen, 3 mm.; an- terior wing, 7 mm. Structure: Foce as broad as long; eyes subparallel; clypeal margin beneath beard straight and entire; mandible 3-dentate, the acute inferior projection subbasal; basal joint of flagellum very slightly longer than the pedicel, slightly shorter than the second joint, the apical joint slightly dilated; lateral ocelli equidistant from eyes and edge of vertex; cheeks below broader than eyes, narrowed above; front coxae with quite slender acute divergent spines, bare anteriorly and with a patch of ferruginous bristles at base of spines; front femora moderately dilated toward apex; front tarsi slender, the anterior margin of metatarsus with a barely recognizable excavation; mid and hind metatarsi short and slen- der: apical margins of abdominal terga depressed toward sides of second and third segments, entirely so on fourth and fifth seg- ments, the basal grooves without carinate margins posteriorly; 76 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XVIII, NO. 2 carina of sixth tergum obtusely triangular, margin on each side of median angle straight, but to a slight degree crenulate, upper surface of disc with a short median ridge, the disc straight in profile; apical margin of sixth tergum with broad carinate median teeth which are nearer to the obscure lateral angles than to each other; seventh tergum produced medially into a short acute spine. Genital armature: Stipites compressed above base, dilated and flexed apically, this apical portion beset with numerous long curved hairs; sagittae slightly exceeding the stipites in length; volsellae with triangularly pointed tips. Puncturation : Fine and densely crowded on clypeus and cheeks; deeper and definitely separated, but fine, on the shining vertex; rather fine on thorax, densely crowded on pleura, relatively sparse in center of mesonotum and scutellum, close laterally on these discs; minute and very close on abdomen basally, becoming more deep and distinct, but still very fine, to the fifth tergum, close and irregular on the sixth above the carina. Color: Black; wingsi lightly infuscated; tegulae, wing nervures and antennae beneath deep ferruginous to piceous ; spurs yellowish- ferruginous; posterior face of front femur and outer face of its tibia black, otherwise these leg joints ferruginous, the front tarsi yellowish-ferruginous, the posterior margin beneath the fringe piceous, forming distinct dark spots on the second and third joints. Pubescence: Entirely white on head, thorax and first segment of abdomen, except for some blackish pubescence on vertex and mesonotum, a few dark hairs on scutellum and yellowish-ferru- ginous setae beneath the tarsal joints^ discs of segments 2-6 with black pubescence apically, whitish basally; the more apical seg- ments with basal appressed white tomentum; all of the segments with entire white apical fasciae; the sternal plates with long thin white apical fringes. Type, female, No. 5231, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., San Bernardo, Sonora, Mexico, March 25, 1935 (R. M. and G. E. Bohart) . Allo- type, male, topotypical. Paratypes, one male and two females, topotypical. Megachile (Xeromegachile) instita Mitchell This species has been recorded previously only from New Mexico. Mexico: One male, N. Sonora (Morrison) [Godman and Salvin Coll., Brit. Mus., 1913-214]. APRIL, 1942] REES— UTAH MOSQUITOES 77 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF MOSQUITO RECORDS FROM UTAH (Diptera, Culicidae) BY DON M. REES University of Utah , Salt Lake City In 1934 a preliminary list entitled “Mosquito Records from Utah” was published by the author in the “Pan-Pacific Entomol- ogist.” In this article, the following species were listed, accom- panied by collection dates and locality records: 1. Aedes vexans Meigen 2. Aedes dorsalis Meigen 3. Aedes campestris Dyar and Knab 4. Aedes niphadopsis Dyar and Knab 5. Aedes comrminis De Geer 6. Aedes cataphylla Dyar 7. Aedes punctor Kirby 8. Aedes stimulans Walker . 9. Aedes excrucians Walker 10. Aedes flavescens Miller 11. Aedes fitchii Felt and Young 12. Aedes nigromaculis Ludlow 13. Theobaldia inornata Williston 14. Theobaldia incidens Thomson 15. Theobaldia impatiens Walker 16. Culex tarsalis Coquillett 17. Anopheles maculipennis Meigen Since 1934 the species listed above have been collected in numerous localities in the state. These additional records, with few exceptions, show only slight modifications in the distribu- tional range of the species listed. From collections made since 1934 it has been determined that Aedes vexans is common throughout the state. Theobaldia inci- dens is also present throughout the state but is more abundant in southern Utah. The following species constitute the supplementary list to date: 18. Aedes pullatus Coquillett 19. Aedes intrudens Dyar 20. Aedes hirsuteron Theobald 21. Aedes idahoensis Theobald 78 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0L- XVIII, NO. 2 22. Aedes spencerii Theobald 23. .Aedes increpitus Dyar 24. Aedes cinereus Meigen 25. Culex pipiens Linn. 26. Culex territans Walker 27. Culex salinarius Coquillett 28. Culex erythrothorax Dyar 29. Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald The locality records cited for each species are accompanied by the date on which the speciesi was first collected in that local- ity. Many of the species have been taken repeatedly from the same localities since the date of the first collection. Specimens present in the author’s collection probably repre- sent three additional species but from the material available identifications are as yet uncertain. Aedes pullatus Coquillett This species is prevalent throughout the state at higher ele- vations in the wooded mountain regions. It has never been taken in the plains or away from forests. It is frequently found associated with Aedes communis, Aedes ftchii, and at higher elevations with Aedes punctor. Utah: Beaver Creek, Daggett County, July 7, 1929 (Rees) ; Kamas, Summit County, June 15, 1930 (Rees) ; Smith and More- house. Summit County, May 16, 1931 (Rees) ; Washington Lake, Summit County, July 16, 1933 (Rees) ; Bald Mt., Summit County, July 16. 1933 (Rees) ; Provo River near Lake Tryol, Summit County, July 16, 1933 (Rees) ; Panguitch Lake, Garfield County, May 21, 1934 (A. C. Randle) ; Lake Tryol, Summit County, June 3, 1934 (A. C. Randle) ; Soapstone Canyon, Summit County, June 11. 1934 (A. C. Randle) ; Fish Lake, Sevier County, June 15, 1935 (Rees) ; Pavson Canyon, Utah County, June 30, 1935 (Rees) : Carter Creek, Daggett County, July 22, 1935 (Rees) ; Henry’s Fork, Summit County, July 22, 1935 (Rees) : Lemon’6 Grove. Provo River, Wasatch County, June 24, 1938 (Rees) ; Sterling Canyon, Sanpete County, July 13, 1939 (Rees). Aedes intrudens Dyar Aedes intrudens Dyar is found in the mountain regions of Utah. This mosquito occurs only in the forest areas and is typi- cally a woodland species. APRIL, 1942] REES— UTAH MOSQUITOES 79 Utah: Near Salt Lake City, August 5, 1928 (Rees) ; Grand- daddy Lakes, Uintah County, August 3, 1929 (W. J. Gertsch) ; Kamas, Summit County, June 15, 1930 (Rees) ; Mirror Lake, Summit County, July 16, 1933 (Rees) ; Washington Lake, Sum- mit County, July 16, 1933 (Rees) ; Carter Creek, Daggett County, July 22, 1935 (Rees) ; Brighton, Salt Lake County, July 14, 1936 (Rees) ; Swasey Springs, Millard County, May 15, 1939 (Rees). Aedes hirsuteron Theobald Aedes hirsuteron Theobald is found in the northern and cen- tral part off the state in the low mountain valleys along the mar- gins of the larger streams. The adults are found in the wooded regions and also in the open considerable distances from their breeding waters. It is associated with Aedes drier eus and at times with Aedes vexans. Utah: Provo River, near Heber, Wasatch County, June 15, 1933 (Rees) ; Ironton, Utah County, April 30, 1935 (W. L. Thomas) ; Charleston, Wasatch County, June 27, 1935 (Rees) ; Wanship, Summit County, July 7, 1935 (Rees) ; Beaver Creek, Summit County, July 10, 1935 (Rees). Aedes spencerii Theobald This species has been taken in the northern part of the state. It is usually found in the plains and prairie regions, also along the foothills of the principal mountain ranges. It is frequently found with Aedes dorsalis, Aedes niphadopsis, Aedes campestris and Aedes idahoensis. It has not been collected in the mountains at higher elevations. Utah: Ensign Peak, Salt Lake County, May 5, 1929 (W. J. Gertsch) ; Lake Canyon, Duchesne County, July 5, 1934 (Rees) ; Como Springs, Morgan County, May 4, 1937 (Rees) ; Devils Slide, Summit County, July — , 1936 (S. D. Durrant) ; Trout Creek, Juab County, May 4, 1937 (Rees) ; Swasey Springs, Mil- lard County, May 15, 1938 (Rees) ; Morgan, June 23, 1938 (L. Christensen); Wales, Sanpete County, May 13, 1939 (Rees). Aedes increpitus Dyar This species is found throughout the state in the plains region and in the mountains at lower altitudes. 80 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 Utah: Salt Lake City, April 18, 1933 (Rees) ; Parley’s Can- yon, June 24, 1933 (Rees) ; Zion National Park, June 14, 1939 ( Rees ) . Aedes idahoensis Theobald This species is found in the northern and central part of the state in the plains and low mountain regions. It is rather wide- spread over much of the same area in which Aedes dorsalis is found, but is much less abundant. It is an open plains species and has not been collected in wooded areas. Utah: North Salt Lake City, May 1, 1914 (unknown) ; Salt Lake City, June 1, 1929 (Rees) ; Bear River, Box Elder County, June, 1933 (Rees) ; Heber, Wasatch County, June 15, 1933 (Rees) ; near Woodruff, Connely Hollow, Homes Creek and Harris Hollow, Rich County, July 5, 1935 (Armstrong) ; Como Springs, Morgan County, July 7, 1935 (Rees) ; Carter Creek, Daggett County, July 22, 1935 (Rees) ; Plain City, Weber County, June 3, 1935 (Armstrong) ; Fish Lake, Sevier County, July 4, 1936 (Rees) ; Laketown, July 5, 1935 (Armstrong) ; Swan Creek, July 7, 1936 (Armstrong) ; Penrose, July 10, 1935 (Armstrong) ; Trout Creek, Juab County, May 4, 1937 (Rees) ; Wales, Sanpete County, May 29, 1937 (Rees) ; Stoddard Slough, Morgan County, July 10, 1938 (Rees) ; Morgan, Morgan County, June 23, 1938 (Rees) ; Coalville, Summit County, June 4, 1939 (Rees). Aedes cinereus Meigen Aedes cinereus Meigen, up to the present time, has been col- lected only in the northern part of the state. It is a woodland species and is found breeding in the lower mountain valleys along the margins of streams. This species is associated with Aedes hir safer on and at times with Aedes vexans. Utah: River Heights, Cache County, April 28, 1934 (Thomas and Rowe) ; Logan, Cache County, May 21, 1935 (Knowlton) ; Wanship, Summit County, July 7, 1935 (Rees) ; Penrose, July 11, 1935 (Knowlton and Rowe) ; Provo River, near Charleston, June 20, 1937 (Rees) ; Lemon’s Grove, Provo River, Wasatch County, June 24, 1938 (Rees) ; Holladay, Salt Lake County, July, 1940 (Rees). Culex pipiens Linn. This species is rather rare in Utah and only a few specimens have been taken. The pipiens collected in the vicinity of Salt APRIL, 1942] REES— UTAH MOSQUITOES 81 Lake City were obtained in light traps. Several females and one male were thus secured. The pipiens collected at St. George were taken as larvae from which adults were obtained. Utah: St. George, Washington County, October 5, 1938 (R. Hardy) ; Salt Lake City, September 9, 1939 (Rees) ; Holladay, Salt Lake County, September 24, 194D (Rees). Culex TERRITANS Walker Culex territans is reported from the plains and prairies of northern and central Utah. This species is rare and some records here reported are doubtful. Utah: Salt Lake City, April 29, 1931 (Rees) ; Bear River Refuge, Box Elder County, August 16, 1934 (C. F. Smith) ; Blue Creek Railroad Station, September 5, 1934 (Knowlton and Thomas) ; Logan Meadows, near Logan, September 13, 1934 (G. F. Knowlton) ; Murray, February 2, 1935 (W. L. Thomas) ; Ironton, Utah County, March 29, 1935 (W. L. Thomas) ; North Ogden, June 20, 1935 (B. E. Rees) ; Midvale, Salt Lake County, August 20, 1936 (Rees) ; Bountiful, Da^ds County, August 16, 1937 (Rees). Culex salinarius Coquillett Culex salinarius Coquillett has only been collected by the author in, the vicinity of Salt Lake City, but may occur in other parts of the state. The larvae have been taken in the same pools with Aedes vexans. Utah: Logan, March 24, 1934 (Knowlton and Thomas) ; Cor- inne, March 26, 1934 (Knowlton and Thomas) ; Midvale, Salt Lake County, June 24, 1935 (B. E. Rees) ; Salt Lake City, July 21, 1937 (Rees) ; Liberty Park, Salt Lake City, August 11, 1937 (Rees) . Culex erythrothorax Dyar This species is reported as being limited to California. The author has found erythrothorax not uncommon in Salt Lake City and vicinity and has also collected this species in several other localities in the state, as well as at Fallon, Nevada, July 2, 1940. A number of specimens have been examined by Dr. T. H. G. Aitken, compared with material at the University of California, and identified as Culex erythrothorax. 82 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V QL. XVIII, NO. 2 Utah: Fish Spring, Juab County, November 2, 1930 (Rees) ; Salt Lake City, April 29, 1934 (Rees) ; Murray, Salt Lake County, April 27, 1935 (Rees) ; Midvale, Salt Lake County, August 20, 1936 (Rees) ; Bountiful, Davis County, August 16, 1937 (Rees) ; Holladay, Salt Lake County, June 28, 1940 (Rees). Ano pheles pseudo pun ctipennis Theobald To date, this species has only been taken in Washington County in the southern part of the state. It is very abundant in localities where it was taken in Washington County and has been collected several times in these localities. Utah: Washington, Washington County, May 14, 1934 (Rees) ; St. George, June 16, 1939 (Rees) . References Dyar, H. G. 192[2. The Mosquitoes of the United States. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:1-119. Knowlton, G. F. and J. A. Rowei. 1935. Notes on Utah! Mosqui- toes. Utah Agric. Exp. Sta. Leaflet No. 245. Rees, Don M. 1934. Mosquito Records from Utah. Pan-Pac. Ent., 10:161-165. Red Scale Out-of-doors in Berkeley, California On February 10, 1942, a resident of Berkeley brought in a branch and fruit of the Meyer lemon thickly infested with all stages of the red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). These scales were normal in size and color and constituted a healthy colony on a small lemon tree purchased from a nurseryman in Pasadena in 1937. An inspection at the time revealed no scale present and the insect was not observed until it became evident last year. Since then it has increased so as to seriously threaten the life of the tree which is growing in a garden out-of-doors. Although there have been no severe frosts in this region during the past five years there have been several frosts which have killed tender plants and which slightly injured the growing tips of citrus trees. Since this is the only time that I have observed this insect existing in the open in this region for so long a period, it seems worthwhile to register the incident. The owner is now engaged in an extermination campaign by the use of oil emulsion sprays. Since the tree is only four feet high the measures taken should prove effective. — E. O. Essig. APRIL, 1942] LINSLEY AND USINGER — ARADIDAE 83 NOTES ON SOME FLAT BUGS FROM THE VICINITY OF MT. LASSEN, CALIFORNIA (Hemiptera, Aradidae) BY E. G. LINSLEY AND R. L. USINGER University of California The aradids recorded below were collected between May 19 and June 22, 1941, while the University of California entomology field course was stationed at Manzanita Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta County, California. Biological observa- tions are by E. G. Linsley and taxonomic notes and identifica- tions by R. L. Usinger. The collection is of particular interest because it indicates the abundance of these insects in our north- ern forests, 728 specimens of 19 species having been collected in a limited area in one month’s time. New plant associations are recorded for Aradus ampliatus Uhler, patibulus Van D., linsleyi Usinger, fuscomaculatus Stal, behrensi Bergroth, proboscideus Walker, blaisdelli Van D., falleni Stal, orbiculus Van D., heidemanni Bergroth, and Mezira pacifica Usinger. In most cases these records of plant hosts confirm previous suspicions that aradids exhibit but little plant host specificity. A few species are known to the authors from only a single host, e.g. intectus on Salix, depictius on Quercus, but the vast majority of California species, at least, seem to occur inter- changeably, on Abies concolor, Pinus ponderosa, or Pinus jeffreyi. Parshley (1921, p. 4) mentions spring migration flights in a general way and Usinger (1936, p. 491) specifies those species “beginning with funestus and furnissi .... and all of the lugubris group of which we have any first hand information.” Dispersal flights may now be recorded for the first time for Aradus ampli- atus Uhler, compressus Heidemann, behrensi Bergroth, debilis Uhler. Species of the following groups have now been taken in flight, thus breaking down the phylogenetic correlation which once appeared to exist: Ampliatus, Ornatus, Proboscideus, Compres- sus, Tuberculifer, and Lugubris. ARADINAE Aradus ampliatus Uhler Taken under bark of western yellow pine [Pinus ponderosa Douglas] at Shingletown, May 29; Hat Creek, June 1; and Viola, June 14; and under bark of Jeffrey pine [Pinus Jeffreyi 84 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 Murray] at Manzanita Lake from May 24 to June 8. On the latter date a small colony consisting primarily of half- and three- fourths-grown nymphs was found. Adults were taken in flight on May 19, two days prior to the major dispersal flights of other species. Aradus patibulus Van Duzee Under bark of Jeffrey pine at Manzanita Lake, May 23 to June 8. Nymphs were found on the latter date. Aradus linsleyi Usinger Previously known only from the unique female holotype from Yosemite National Park. A second female may now be recorded from beneath the bark of western yellow pine at Old Station, nearly three hundred miles north of Yosemite, on May 29. This specimen differs from the type only in its slightly shorter ros- trum which attains the middle of the front coxae, shorter hemelytra which do not quite reach the base of the first genital segment, and slightly larger size, the length being l(P/2 mm. and the width across the connexivum 5% mm. Aradus fuscomaculatus Stal Taken under bark of white fir [Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry] near Viola, May 28, and Jeffrey pine at Manzanita Lake, June 12. No dispersal flight was observed. Aradus behrensi Bergroth The spring dispersal flight of this species at Manzanita Lake occurred on May 21 and lasted from about 5:30 to 7:00 P.M. On that evening twenty-nine specimens were taken in flight, on May 23 only three. One example was later found under bark of west- ern yellow pine at Viola, May 28. Aradus apicalis Van Duzee No dispersal flight of this species was observed. Examples were taken under bark of Jeffrey pine at Big Spring, on June 12 (D. Stewart) and at Manzanita Lake on June 12 (T. C. Russell, J. R. Fisher) . Aradus proboscideus Walker No dispersal flight was observed. Adults were taken under bark of white fir at Manzanita Lake, May 24; of western yellow pine at Viola, May 27 (C. D. Michener), and at Old Station, May APRIL, 1942] LINSLEY AND USINGER — ARADIDAE 85 29 (D. Kennedy) ; and under bark of Jeffrey pine at Hat Lake, June 14. Aradus MEDIOXIMUS Parshley No dispersal flight was observed. Collected under bark of western yellow pine at Manzanita Lake, June 8. Aradus debilis Uhler A small flight of this species occurred at Manzanita Lake on May 21. No examples were seen in flight at any other time. Adults were taken under bark of western yellow pine at Viola on May 19, and Jeffrey pine at Manzanita Lake on June 12. Adults and young nymphs were found on the ball fungus, Polyporus vrdvatus, near Viola on May 29. Aradus blaisdelli V an Duzee Found under bark of white fir at Viola, May 28 (A. J. Walz), Manzanita Lake, June 8 and 12, Hat Creek, June 11. Also under bark of western yellow pine at Shingletown, May 24. No speci- mens were taken in flight. Aradus compressus Heidemann The spring dispersal flight of this species at Manzanita Lake occurred on May 21, like that of A. behrensi. A few stragglers were also taken in flight on the evening of May 23. Aradus funestus Bergroth The spring dispersal flight of this species at Manzanita Lake coincided with that of A. behrensi and individuals of the two species were about equally abundant. On May 21 thirty-eight specimens were taken in flight or on tents or sheets in an area about one mile square. On May 23, three more specimens were taken in the same area and on May 25 one additional example. No further specimens were taken in flight although the area was examined each evening for the next three weeks. Subsequent examples were found under bark of Douglas fir, [ Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poire) Britt.] at Shingletown on May 24 (D. Stewart) and of white fir at Manzanita Lake, June 8 (Brookhauser) . Aradus lugubris Fallen Dispersal flights of this species occurred during the late afternoon and early evening of May 19, 20, and 21. On each of 86 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVIII, NO. 2 these evenings several hundred examples were observed in flight or on tents, sheets, or automobiles. During the next four weeks occasional stragglers were taken in evening flight. In spite of the fact that lugnbris was apparently by far the commonest species in the area, its host plant was not found. Aradus falleni Stal This species was taken in flight at Manzanita Lake only in the late afternoon of May 23. Adults were taken under bark of Jef- frey pine at Manzanita Lake on June 8. Aradus cinnamomeus Panzer Found on foliage of western yellow pine at Old Station, May 29 (H. Records). Aradus orbiculus Van Duzee Found under bark of Jeffrey pine three miles east of Man- zanita Lake, June 8. Aradus heidemanni Bergroth Taken under bark of sugar pine [ Pinus lambertiana Dougl.] at Manzanita Lake, May 31. MEZIRINAE Mezira reducta Van Duzee Usinger (1936:507) has commented upon the association of this species with termites. In the Mt. Lassen area nymphs and adults were found completely walled up in sixteen different colonies of Zootermopsis nevadensis Hagen. Nymphs were never observed outside of the nests of this termite, although several thousand hibernating adults were found massed under bark of i fire-killed western yellow pine near Viola, May 28. Mezira pacifica Usinger This species was not found with termites. It was taken under bark of Douglas fir near Viola on May 18, and under bark of white fir at Manzanita Lake on May 19. References Pakshley, H. M. 1921. Essay on the American Species of Aradus. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 47:1-106, 7 plates. Usinger, R. L. 1936. Studies in the American Aradidae with de- scriptions of new species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 29:490-614. 2 plates. APRIL, 1942] GOOD— SIPHONAPTERA 87 KEY TO THE MALES OF THE GENUS ATYPHLOCERAS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF ATYPHLOCERAS ECHIS (Siphonaptera) BY NEWELL E. GOOD Associate Entomologist , United States Public Health Semrice Atyphloceras ECHIS Jordan and Rothschild Atyphloceras echis Jordan and Rothschild. 1915. Ectoparasites, 1(1) : 59-60, text-fig. 64. Description of female only (1 female), from Paradise, Arizona, on Mus sp. Also description of genus Atyphloceras, p. 59, genotype Ceratophyllus multidentatus, C. Fox, 1909. Male. Head: Eye lightly pigmented, more degenerate than in A. multidentatus. Labial palpus of 7 joints, reaching to or just short of apex of fore trochanter. Thorax: Pronotal comb com- posed of 20 spines. Abdomen: The number of apical spines (Ap. sp.) on the abdominal tergites (total of both sides) is as follows: 1 = 6, II = 11, III = 8, IV = 10, V = 6, VI = 5. There are 3 antepy- gidial bristles (Ap. br.) on each side. The lengths of these are as follows: upper = 0.11 mm., middle = 0.23 mm., lower = 0.15 mm. Modified segments: Manubrium of clasper (M) triangular, pointed, short, and broad at the base. Immovable process of clasper (P) short, bilobed, the apices rounded, armed with 7 bristles, 3 of which are large and are situated on apical margin of upper lobe. Mova- ble finger (F) of clasper long with both margins convex on apical half, its rear margin provided with 3 long, thin bristles. Length of movable finger (apex to base of ventral bow), 0.29 mm. Penis (Pen.) large, thick, club-shaped. External or postero- ventral arm of stemite IX rounded ventrally, spoon-shaped or ladle-shaped, not triangular. Sternite VIII moderately sinuate, with 3 large bristles near apex. In this species the manubrium is somewhat shorter and thicker at the base than in other Atyphloceras, the immovable process is similar to A. longipalpus Stewart, but shorter than in A. multi- dentatus and much shorter than in A. felix. The movable finger is similar to that of A. longipalpus and A. felix. The external arm of the ninth stemite is characteristic for the species, differing from all other known species of the genus but most similar to that of A. longipalpus. Total length, 2.3 mm. Length of hind femur, 0.41 mm. Description of male from one specimen collected in Greenlee County, Arizona, 25 miles south of Duncan (near the junction 88 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 of Greenlee and Cochise Counties, Arizona and Hidalgo County, New Mexico), elevation 4,500 feet, from Peromyscus manicula- tus, November 16, 1938, by F. J. Gonderman of the U. S. Public Health Service Plague Survey. Allotype in the collection of the U. S. Public Health Service, Plague Suppressive Measures Lab- oratory, San Francisco, California. Figure 1. Atyphloceras echis J. and R., male, genital seg- ments. Abbreviations: Ap.br., antepygidial bristles; Ap. sp., api- cal spines; F., movable finger of clasper; M., manubrium of clasper; P., immovable process of clasper; Par., paramere of penis; Pen., penis; Pyg., pygidium; S. pen., spring of penis; St., sternite; Sti., stigma. There is also in the above collection one female from Neo- toma albigula, Grant County, New Mexico, which agrees quite well with the original description of A. echis by Jordan and Rothschild and obviously belongs to this species. A. artius Jordan, 1933, from British Columbia is not included in the following Key because the male is unknown. APRIL, 1942] LEECH— MUTILLIDAE 89 Key to the males of Atyphloceras 1. External arm of ninth sternite narrow, rod-shaped, not thick- ened near apex; labial palpus of 5 segments; frontal tubercle distant from anterior oral angle, (from New York state) biskopi Jordan 1933 — . External arm of ninth sternite broadened or triangular near apex; labial palpus of from 6 to 9 (usually 7) segments; frontal tubercle close to anterior oral angle, (from western North America) 2 2(1). External arm of ninth sternite triangular with a prominent postero- ventral angle; immovable process of clasper moder- ately long and pointed 3 — . External arm of ninth sternite spoon- or pod-shaped, rounded ventrally, without a postero-ventral angle; immovable process short, broad 4 3(2). Immovable process and movable finger longer and narrower; internal arm of ninth sternite broader; external arm, of ninth sternite with dilated apex elongate-triangular; eighth sternite slightly sinuate, (from Ventura County, and Monterey County, California) felix Jordan 1933 — . Immovable process and movable finger shorter and thicker; internal arm of ninth sternite narrow; dilated portion of ex- ternal arm of ninth sternite triangular; eighth sternite with a rather deep sinus. (San Francisco, California) multidentatus (C. Fox) 1909 4(2). Manubrium triangular, short; external arm of ninth sternite spoon-shaped or ladle-shaped, (from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico) echis J. & R. 1915 — . Manubrium elongate; external arm of ninth sternite pod- shaped. (from Monterey County, California) longipalpus Stewart 1940 Female Mutillids Eating Butter Several times during late August, 1941, females of Dasymu- tilla Ursula (Cresson) were observed on the hot sandy beach at Okanagan Landing, near Vernon, B. C. Some were hurrying about on the sand, but many were feeding avidly on the film of salty butter on corn cobs left by picnickers. The velvet ants were so engrossed in their meal that they did not stir until touched, and even then only moved to another part of the cob. Females of one species, D. Ursula (identified by Dr. C. E. Mickel) were seen feeding in this manner, but it is possible that some of the rarer species could be attracted with a similar bait. — Hugh B. Leech. 90 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0Lt XVIII, NO. 2 A NEW FAMILY OF HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA PRO- POSED FOR MACROVELIA HORNII UHLER BY A. P. MoKINSTEY University of California, Davis The water striding families and their close relatives have been variously treated as Ploteres Latreille, Amphibicorises Dufour, Hydrometrites Laporte, and Veliens Brulle. The families Gerridae and Veliidae have always been considered as a closely related unit and the Hydrometridae, with apical claws, has been asso- ciated with them by most workers. The relationships of the Meso- veliidae and Hebridae are less clear, the former being allied to the Gerroideae by Reuter (1910) while the Hebridae, because of their “arolia,” were placed in a separate superfamily. Recent studies on the shape of the “mandibular levers” by Ekblom (1929) and on the male genitalia by Singh-Pruthi (1925) firmly establish the unity of these apparently divergent groups. More recently Lundblad (1939) reviewed the characters of the various families in an attempt to place an anomalous south African species. Lundblad found it necessary to erect a new family midway between the Hebridae and the Veliidae. This and other annectent forms provide further evidence of the unity of the group. Indeed, the family characters become so shuffled about that it becomes difficult to decide where one family begins and another ends. Nearly 70 years ago, Uhler described the genus Macrovelia with one species hornii. That is still the only species included in the genus. This monotypic genus was placed in the family Veliidae where it has remained despite the fact that it disagrees in most fundamental characters with that family. For example, it has apical claws and is quite helpless upon the surface of the water, it has well developed ocelli and has a large, median meta- sternal scent gland. Actually, Macrovelia is an even more re- markable annectent type than Lundblad’s Hebrovelia. Its char- acters are such that we are left with no alternative but to erect a new monotypic family. APRIL, 1942] McKINSTRY — MACROVELIIDAE 91 The author wishes to express his appreciation to William E. Hoffmann who suggested the group for study, to H. G. Barber for the loan of specimens of Mesoveloidea Hungerford, to E. S. Ross for the loan of specimens from the California Academy of Sciences, and to R. L. Usinger for inspiration and many helpful suggestions. Macroveliidae McKinstry, new family Form narrowly elongate, flat across wings, pronotum convex, head cylindrical, venter convex. Head, narrowed between eyes, thickening posteriorly. Two ocelli present, set slightly closer to compound eyes than to median line, and slightly forward of mid point of eyes. Ocelli pointing forward and slightly outward on semi-cylindrical raised areas, disappearing posteriorly. Three pairs of trichobothria arising on dorsum near occiput, slightly anterior and laterad to ocelli, and at base of beak respectively. Third seg- ment of beak about three times as long as fourth. First and sec- ond segments one-third or less than length of fourth segment. Basal third of third segment somewhat enlarged, narrowing again for insertion into second segment. Proportion of third segment and length of segments resembling those characters of the beak of Mesovelia rather closely. Antennae arising a little ventrally and anteriorly to compound eyes, near base of beak. Ventral portion of head with raised area directly under beak, striated transversely. Base of beak set deeply between two lateral, subgenal plates. Neck narrower than posterior swelling of head, set lightly into pro- thorax, head often extruded in pinned specimens showing small area of neck. Antennae four segmented with segments three and four showing minute diagonal striations for about half their length midway between the ends of each segment, clothed with short irregular bristles, longer on basal segment, decreasing toward distal segments. Pronotum with distinct collar, marked with distinct pits dors- ally and laterally, continuing slightly ventrally. Prosternum very shallowly concave under beak. Meso and metaterga (dissected specimens) distinctly divided by narrow membranous area. Poster- ior margin of mesoscutellum transverse, extending anteriorly at 45 degree angle for about one-fourth of the posterior margin on each side. Metatergum divided into three distinct areas, consist- ing of a larger median triangular area with base anteriorly and apex not sharply pointed at posterior margin of metatergum. Lat- erad of median triangular area is a more heavily sclerotized area, 92 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 2 also triangular, with inner margins heavily sclerotized and raised. Seven trichobothria visible in lateral triangular area. A longitu- dinal, semi-cylindrical area arising higher than other areas on lateral margin of metathorax. All three areas fused together. Meta and mesosterna with distinct transverse suture between them. Beak extending between the midpoint of mesosternum and posterior margin, depending on the angle of the head. Mesosternum shallowly concave under beak. Metasternum swelling toward median posterior point where scent gland opens under semi- circular projection of sternum. Abdomen loosely connected to thorax above, fused on venter. Six distinct abdominal segments visible ventrally, the first segment reduced as in other Hemiptera. Lateral portion of connexivum fused with sternum but fairly well marked. Spiracles in regular row along ventral portion of con- nexivum midway between sutures. Dorsal plates of connexivum distinctly separated from medio-tergal plates by longitudinal sutures. First four sclerites of both connexivum and tergurn fused. Two large distinct pits on fused portion of connexivum probably corresponding to area between segments 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 respectively. Another pair of pits present on anterior-lateral corners of tergurn. Targa of first four segments ridged longitudinally on each side of median line about half way between median line and edg’e of tergurn, forming with transverse ridges on fused segmental lines a series of semi-rectangular areas, one on each segment. Various pits suggestive of trichobothrial pits on lateral areas of first and second tergites and median rectangle of first tergite. Two pairs of very distinct trichobothria on 6th and 7th tergites near anterior margin of those segments. One scent gland opening near anterior margin of 4th tergite on median line. Legs proportioned much the same as Velio, and Microvelici, with front pair shortest, hind pair longest, but not unusually elongated. Front femora only slightly thicker than others. All tarsi three segmented, first segment much reduced but distinct, second seg- ment of front tarsi nearly equal to distal segment, second segment of middle tarsi slightly longer, and second segment of hind tarsi nearly twice as long as distal segment. Tarsal claws two, and apical. Hind coxae about one and one-half times as long as others. Front wings with costal area consisting of one vein consider- ably thickened at apex which extends about two-thirds of length of wing. This vein is split at base forming a narrow, almost indis- tinct cell (not included in count of closed cells). Two more longi- tudinal veins arise from base and with cross veins and branches, form six closed cells, the most characteristic being the boot-shaped cell lying with heel and back of leg along costal thickened margin, about midway between base and apex. On posterior margin be- tween actual margin of wing and posterior longitudinal vein about midway between base and apex of wing is a thickened spot about APRIL, 1942] McKINSTRY — MACROVELIIDAE 93 the width of a vein. Hind wings with three longitudinal veins, only one closed cell, another nearly closed, basal portion of first and third longitudinal veins thickened and darkened. Type genus: Macrovelia Uhler, 1872. Macrovelia occupies an isolated position not only taxonomic- ally but also geographically. It apparently is confined to the western part of North America. Specimens before me, most of which were borrowed from the California Academy of Sciences, are from the following regions: — California: Sequoia National Park; Siskiyou County; Lagunitas, Marin County; Pine Canyon, Mt. Diablo; Cayton, Shasta County; Willow Creek, Humboldt County; Sonora; Mark West Springs; Angels Camp; Oroville; Trinity County; Murphys, Calaveras County; Fort Bragg; Caza- dero; Bryson Canyon, Monterey County; Fairfax, Marin County; Redwood Canyon, Contra Costa County; Michigan Bar, Sacra- mento County; Leona Heights, Alameda County; Santa Clara County; Folsom, Sacramento County; Carmel; Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County; Napa County. Brachypterous specimens are at hand from the following localities : — California: Siskiyou County ; Lagunitas, Marin County; Cayton, Shasta County; Pine Canyon, Mt. Diablo; Trinity Center, Trinity County; Leona Heights, Ala- meda County; and a specimen from the E. P. Van Duzee collec- tion labeled Colorado. Dr. R. H. Beamer, University of Kansas, tells me that specimens were taken in the Dakotas. Previous lit- erature records Macrovelia from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Collecting experience indicates that the best places to collect Macrovelia are foothill areas or low ranges where there is an abundance of moss, down deciduous timber and a small stream of water such as a spring which is constant in flow throughout the year. Most specimens were secured by tearing off pieces of bark and beating them into a net. However, specimens were taken at the waters edge in moss and debris and even swept from ferns growing over the water, but never over five feet from the edge of the water. None was observed to run upon the water voluntarily, nor did any specimens leave their places of hiding. They were practically helpless when placed upon the water, the hind legs soon penetrating the surface film. When they were extricated 94 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ V OL. XVIII, NO. 2 and cleaned a few more steps could be taken and the process had to be repeated. Figure 1. Mcicrovelia Uhler, dorsal view. Figures 2, 3, and 4, same, ventral view of male, ventral view of female, and lateral view of female. The differences between the Macroveliidae and the Yeliidae are summarized below: V ELIIDAE 1. No ocelli. 2. Ante-apical claws. 3. Thoracic scent glands lat- eral, near hind coxae. 4. Dorsal abdominal scent gland lacking. 5. Four closed cells in front wing. Macroveliidae 1. Two ocelli. 2. Apical claws. 3. Thoracic scent gland medi- an, ventral, well developed. 4. Dorsal abdominal scent gland present, distinct. 5. Six closed cells in front wing. Superficial similarities between the two families may be sum- marized as follows: 1. Legs proportioned about the same as Velia and Microvelia. 2. Prothorax of winged forms quite similar. 3. Ovipositors of the same type. APRIL, 1942] McKINSTRY— MACROVELIIDAE 95 4. Colors similar. 5. Antennae appearing much the same. Actually the family Macroveliidae is much closer to the Hebridae than to any other family, hut the Hebrids have both a mesothoracic and a metathoracic scutellum showing behind the pronotum, a prominent rostral groove and bucculae, and entirely different venation of front wings. A summary of the family characters for the surface water bugs, Amphibicorisae, is given below, followed by a discussion of each character. Table of Family Characters of Amphibicorisae Singed Foma Scutellum ft / /6 Claws u •d s- O 1 •H ! -J Abdominal Scent Glands o Present g H H Absent Closed Cells in Fore Wing 12 3 4 6 Number Tarsal Segments Arolial Bristles 4-> c +> © c n © £ 1 Ovipositor For Piercing Tissues Hebridae X X X Present X 1 222 X Mesoveliidae X X X Present X 3 333 X Present Macroveliidae X X X Present X 6 333 X - Hebro veliidae X X ? Absent X S 122 X? ?- Hydrometridae X X None Absent X 2 333 X - Gerridae X X X Absent X 4 222 X - 122 Veliidae X X X Absent X 4 and 333 X — 1. The Thorax: We will deal with fully developed or winged forms only. In all but three of the known types of Amphibicorisae, the pronotum covers all of the dorsal area of the thorax which is not covered by wings. Macrovelia resembles the Veliidae in this respect, but the Gerridae and Hydrometridae are also of this pat- tern. The Mesoveliidae and Hebridae have both the scutellum of the mesothorax and the scutellum of the metathorax showing beyond the pronotum. 2. The Claws: The Veliidae and Gerridae (? Eotr echws Kirk.) have claws originating at a point before the apex of the tarsus. Other families are normal with claws at the apex of the tarsus. Macrovelia has apical claws. 3. Arolial Bristles: In his classification of the Hemiptera, 0. M. Reuter (1910) placed great emphasis upon certain structures 96 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST ^VOL XVIII NO 2 originating between the claws. Reuter considered that these so- called “arolia” were present in the Hebridae and absent in other Amphibicorisae. In the present study cleared slide mounts were made of all the families including the Hebridae. In all cases, two bristles were observed coming from a central pad which is in turn fastened to a tendon running up into the tarsus. The bristles in the Hebridae were as long as the claws, which accounts for their being seen first. Bristles in the other forms were shorter. No structures comparable to the lateral or basal pseudarolia (Knight, 1924) were seen in these bugs. 4. Scent Glcmds : In general these structures are difficult to see in pinned specimens. However, in the Veliidae the scent glands near the bases of the hind coxae are conveniently' marked by tufts of bristles while Gerridae apparently lack these lateral scent glands but possess a single more or less distinct opening at the middle of the metasternum. This has been termed the omphalium and is characteristic of all Amphibicorisae except the Veliidae and most Hydrometridae (? Limnobatodes Hussey). 5. Wing Venation: The number of veins and shape of cells tend to break down as constant characters (in the Veliid, Perit- topus Fieber, for example) but certain types are 1 easily recognized. The number of closed cells is a rough way of classifying wing venation, serving merely to indicate a difference in type on the tabulation of characters included in this paper. 6. Ovijjositors : Only the Mesoveliidae show development of the ovipositor for penetration of plant tissue. The reduced ovipositor in Macrovelia prevents its inclusion in the Mesoveliidae, although they are alike in tarsal claws and in ocellar structure. References Ekblom, Tore. 1929. New contributions to the systematic classi- fication of Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Ent. Tidsk., 50:169-180. Knight, H. H. 1924. Hemiptera of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey. Bulletin No. 34, p. 423, 426. Lundblad, 0. 1939. Eine neue Gattung und Art von Wasserwan- zen, Hebrovelia singularis. Ent. Tidsk., 60:29-36, Taf. I-III. Reuter, 0. M. 1910. Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie und Sys- tematik der Miriden, nebst einleitenden Bemerkungen fiber die Phylogenie der Heteropteren-Familien. Acta Societatis Scienti- arum Fennicae, 37, No. 3:1-171. SiNGH-Pruthi, Hem. 1925. Morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Parts I, II, pp. 127-267. Uhler, P. R. 1872. Notices of the Hemiptera of the western ter- ritories of the United States, chiefly from the surveys of Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Hayden, Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana, pp. 392-432. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA An International Review of Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, I. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna. Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers). All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale; price of each volume 4 U. S. dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S. dollars. Subscriptions should be sent to the Editor: Thomaz Borgmeier, O.F.M., Convento S. Antonio, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA A large collection of Arctic Lepidoptera, especially Erebia, Oeneis, and Noctuidae, has been accumulated. Collectors who desire such material please communicate with me as follows: R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada. PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE California Academy of Sciences Entomology Department San Francisco, California PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY A few complete sets, volumes 1 and 2, 1901 to 1930, 318 pages, including the 1st to 121st meetings, may still be obtained from the treasurer, E. R. Leach. These Proceedings contain much of the early history of entomology on the Pacific Coast as well as descrip- tions of new species and general papers by such authors as Fuchs, Wright, Letcher, Fenyes, Huguenin, Van Duzee, Fall, and Van Dyke. Since 1930 the Proceedings have been published in the Society’s Journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Price for volumes 1 and 2 as above, $5.00. Vol. XVIII July, 1942 No. 3 THE Pan-Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS STRUBLE, BIOLOGY OF TWO DENDROCTONUS PREDATORS. 97 MICHENER, BEES OF THE GENUS ANCYLOSCELIS 108 BARR, A NEW SPECIES OF ACMAEODERA 113 MITCHELL, NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF MEGACHILE 115 BOHART, SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS MICRALICTOIDES 119 HARRIS, HEBRUS CURTIS ANTEDATES NAEOGEUS LAPORTE 124 CHAMBERLIN, NEW CENTIPEDS FROM PANAMA 125 LINSLEY, NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC BEES 127 DAHL, TAXONOMIC STATUS OF CICINDELA FORMOSA GIBSONI 132 SVIHLA, A NEW CTENOPHTHALMUS, FROM FORMOSA 133 BEAMER, A NEW SPECIES OF DORYCEPHALUS 135 COCKERELL, COLLECTING WILD BEES IN THE YOSEMITE 136 KROMBEIN, A NEW SPECIES OF TIPHIA FROM CALIFORNIA 139 KNOWLTON, AMPHOROPHORA OSBORNI 143 THE AMERICAN COMMISSION ON SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE 144 San Francisco, California 1942 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. S. Ross R. L. Usinger E. C. Van Dyke Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editdr G. F. Ferris E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley Treasurer Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, R. L. Usinger, University of California Col- lege of Agriculture, Davis, California. All communications regarding non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies, and all financial communications should be addressed to the assistant editor, E. S. Ross, or the treasurer, E. R. Leach, at the California Acad- emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge. 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Temnochila virescens : A, adult; B, eggs; C, larva at- tacking a grub of Dendroctonus monticolae; D, pupa in cell in bark. Enoclerus sphegeus: E, adult attacking a mountain pine beetle; F, eggs; G, larva attacking” a beetle grub; H, pupa. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist VOL. XVIII, No. 3 July, 1942 BIOLOGY OF TWO NATIVE COLEOPTEROUS PREDATORS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE IN SUGAR PINE BY G. R. STRUBLE U. S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine INTRODUCTION Temnochila virescens (F.) (Ostomatidae) and Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) (Cleridae) are recognized as important predators of bark beetles in the West. These two coleopterous insects are associated consistently with bark beetle infestations in most of the western pines. They are found also with infestations in white fir, red fir, and Douglas fir, but do not occur as regularly or in such great numbers in these trees as in the pines. T. virescens is also associated frequently with bark- and wood-borers infesting incense cedar and several hardwoods, including oak. Both insects are among the largest and are probably the most important of several species of predaceous Coleoptera associated with bark- and wood-boring beetles infesting western forests. In sugar pine stands these predators are associated closely with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk. Temnochila virescens develops on the beetles attacking the trees in the summer, and Enoclerus sphegeus on those attacking the trees in the fall. Either species may be found in adult and larval stages at any time of the year, the adults preying on bark beetles from spring to fall and the larvae preying on the developing broods of the bark beetle. During the winter the adults hibernate in the bark crevices while the larvae remain inactive under the batrk. The habits and possible controlling effect of adults and larvae have long been considered important in limiting the ag- gressiveness of the mountain pine beetle in sugar pine stands. For this reason detailed investigations of their life histories and behavior, which form the basis) of this paper, were initiated as a preliminary step in determining the value of these two insects. 98 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Except for one account of Enoclerus sphegeus by Boving and Champlain (1920) the small amount of published information on the habits of these insects is quite general in character. These authors gave detailed information on the life history and the habits of this insect in its association with the Black Hills beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. They stated that this insect “should prove of great benefit as a predator on Dendroctonus and other bark beetles in coniferous trees during 1 control opera- ions.” Brief discussions of both predators are contained in pub- lications by Essig (1926), Doaneet al. (1936), and Keen (1928). In a recent paper by Person (1940), Temnochila virescens is compared briefly with the black-bellied clerid, Thanasimus lecontei (Wole.) ini studies made on the association of this beetle with the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis Lee. The present paper considers primarily the developmental period from egg to adult and the feeding habits of adults and larvae. No attempt will be made here to evaluate the relative importance of the two species, since this information will be pre- sented in a separate paper. Natural infestations, rearing records, and experiments, all concerned with the mountain pine beetle in sugar pine, supplied the factual material from which this contri- bution was prepared.* Temnochila virescens (F.) Seasonal Development and Habits In its association with the mountain pine beetle, Temnochila virescens requires a full year to complete a life cycle. Eggs are laid from May to September in green trees freshly infested by the bark beetle. The larvae remain in these trees during the follow- ing autumn, winter and spring months. Pupation occurs late in the spring and early in the summer, and adults emerge from May to August, one year after the deposition of the eggs. Figure 2 depicts atypical developmental cycle of Temnochila virescens in relation to its host, beginning in June of a given year and ending in, July of the following year. Adults. The adults (fig. 1, A.) are a brilliant, irridescent metallic blue or green, flattened and elongate, their length rang- * Observations and experiments were made in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains near Wawona, California, at elevations between 4,500 and 6,500 feet, where optimum conditions prevail for sugar pine growth. Mountain pine beetle infestations here provided continuous material for the study of broods and varia- tions during the period of this study from'i 1937 to 1940. OECEMBER GREEN SUGAR PINES ATTACKED BY J). MONT I COL AE FROM MAY TO 5EPTE/-BER ATTRACT T. VIRESCENS ADULTS WHICH PREY ON THEM. HERE TIC PREDATORS MATE AND LAY THEIR EGGS WHICH HATCH AND FOLLOW TIE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT ILLUSTRATED AT TIE RIGHT. EGGS ARE LAID DURING JULY, AUGUST, AND SEPTEMBER . TIE LIFE CYCLE TO TIE ADULT STAGE IS COMPLETED ONE YEAR LATER. (/) to o o UJ X 2 q: o k < Q UJ q: 0. (/> (/> o o LlI X W CL o h- < Q UJ £ JUNE AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER 9 d f) cmniD' cnunrO Q. KKnCOAL ATTACKS AND EGGS LARVAE SLMCR GENERATION PUPAE SECONDARY INSECTS. COAPRISING MANY SPECIES, BUT PREDOM I NANTLY CEAAiCYCIO AND BUPRESTID LARVAE. FOLLOW £. MONTJCOLAE ATTACKS. TI£Y ARE U5ED AS SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD BY J. VIRESCENS . 3&s> i i ( l' ' f i ate ADULTS MATE, LAY EGGS IN BARK SCALES. LARVAE FEED ACTIVELY CN C- EfffT I COLAE LARVAE . PUPAE, CALLOW ADULTS. LARVAE ARE HALF TO THREE-QUARTERS GROW WI€N fi. MONT I COLAE ABANDON TREE. Tl£Y REMAIN UNDER BARK. PREYING ON SECOND- ARY INSECTS, MOSTLY CERAMBYCID AND BUPRESTID LARVAE- COLO WEATHER FORCES LARVAE TO HIBERNATE JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY BUPRESTID AND CERAAC'iClD LARVAE NOT EATEN BY I- VIRESCENS LARVAE CCKfLETE THEIR DEVELOPtCNT AND PUPATE DURING MAY AND JWE. TIC ADLLTS EMERGE DUR- ING JJNE AND JULY HIBERNATION CONTINUES THROUGHOUT WINTER FEEDING ON SECONDARY INSECTS RESJCD DURING WARM SPELLS TO MATURITY. SOUE OF ThE LARVAE MAKE PUPAL CELLS. OTHERS DO NOT. PREPLPAL LARVAE ANO PUPAE REMAIN QUIESCENT. ADULTS REMAIN QUIET 20 TO JO DAYS. EMERGE AND FLY TO NEW Q. INFESTATIONS. Fig. 2. Life cycle of Temnochila virescens in relation to Dendroctonus monticolae in sugar pine. s JULY, 1942] STRUBLE— DENDROCTONUS PREDATORS 100 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [y 0 L. XVIII, NO. 3 ing from 10 to 18 mm. In winter they hibernate in the bark crevices of infested trees, where they remain inactive until the advent of warm weather. From spring to fall they are most numerous on treesj that are being infested by bark beetles, where they crawl stealthily over the bark and in the crevices searching out their prey. They feed actively in confinement, consuming an average of from 1 to 3 mountain pine beetle adults per predator in a 24- hour period. Frequently! as many as 15 hark beetles are killed, and many of these are devoured completely in a day by one large adult of Temnochila virescens. The predator kills by crushing the body of its victim] with two powerful, piercing mandibles. The ratio of males to females in the adults, as determined from 695 specimens reared in the laboratory from the egg stage, was 1.1 to 1.0. There is little reason to believe that the rearing environment or the small amount of handling would have had any influence on this ratio. It indicates an even distribution of sexes. Determinations were made by use of an external sex char- acter described by Struble and Carpelan (1940). A period ranging in length from 4 to 7 weeks is required before newly emerged females will deposit eggs. Whether this characteristic is influenced by food habits is not clear, but speci- mens under observation were fed frequently during the observed period. They were not compared, however, with unfed individ- uals. The total life period of both mafe and female adults ranged between 3% and 8 months among specimens held in confinement and fed periodically. Females confined during the entire 8-month period at 75° F. laid eggs consistently each week, following the initial oviposition. Eggs. The eggs (fig. 1, B) are 2.5 ! to 3 mm. long and 0.3 to 0.5 mm. wide, with pointed or rounded ends. The color is usually a delicate shade of pink, although some of the eggs are nearly white. They are deposited between bark scales, usually deep in the crevices of the bark, and often near the entrance hole of a bark beetle. Some are laid singly whereas others are deposited in groups of from 2 to 50 and are cemented together with a sticky secretion. The incubation period is 7 to 14 days under field con- ditions. The number of eggs laid per female under laboratory condi- tions was found to range from 38 to 581. The average number JULY, 1942] STRUBLE— DENDROGTONUS PREDATORS 101 laid by 12 females during one experiment lasting 16 weeks was 111, with individual production ranging from 38 to 232 eggs. The viability of 2,500 eggs tested was 69 percent Larvae. The larvae (fig. 1, C) are from 25 to 30 mm. long at maturity. They are grayish white, with the head black and flat- tened. The dorsal surface of each of the first two thoracic seg- ments isi covered by a pair of black sclerotized plates, which are contiguous along the mid-line. In the third thoracic segment the dorsal sclerotized plates are smaller and separated from each other. The last abdominal segment is armed dorsally with a black, hardened hooklike process. There are three pairs of well- developed legs. The first instars remain huddled together for 24 to 48 hours after hatching, and then scatter. They enter the bark usually through the entrance or ventilation holes of the mountain pine beetle. Within the inner phloem layer they search for and devour larvae, pupae, and callow adults of their beetle prey by burrow- ing through frass or through phloem tissue. They are not re- stricted in their diet to the mountain pine beetle, but prey indis- criminately on all living insects except the hardened mature adults. They are also highly cannibalistic, even in the presence of an ample quantity of other food. For the first 2 months, larvae of Temnochila virescens feed actively on the brood of the mountain pine beetle. The average number of grubs devoured during this period ranges from 30 to 60 per individual. After that they are forced to feed on second- ary fauna under the| bark, mainly cerambycids, owing to the fact that the mountain pine beetle has completed its development and emerged. Observations have consistently shown that the larvae of this predator remain beneath the bark where they first estab- lished themselves. To remain alive, newly hatched larvae must feed within 2 weeks, but after they have once fed they aye capable of living many months without food. In five laboratory tests involving 117 newly hatched larvae, each in a separate container without host food, mortality consistently amounted to greater than 50 percent after 7 to 10 days and was 100 percent by the end of 2 weeks. In two other tests, involving 350 newly hatched larvae placed in separate containers, each larva was given 3 small larvae of the mountain pine beetle during a 10-day period in September, 1939. 102 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Thereafter no host food whatever was given them; but in July, 1940, 10 months later, 178 larvae, or 50 percent of the original number, were still alive. Many of the others were found to have died from attacks by the mite, Pediculoides ventricosus (New- port) . By reason of great differences in the period required for brood development, larvae of Temnochila virescens are divided into two groups designated as short-term and long-term larvae. The short- term larvae, comprising not over 5 percent of the total number studied, required from 10 to 12 weeks to reach maturity at 75° F. The long-term larvae required 30 weeks to reach maturity at 75°, and 12 months under field conditions. The short-term larvae molted, consistently, five times during the course of their develop- ment. The long-term larvae were found to have an additional molt, with records of seven among some individuals. The cause of short-term development was not determined definitely, but studies indicated that it was not linked with, the quantity of food eaten or with an hereditary strain. The number of short-term larvae in association with the mountain pine beetle are too few to be regarded as important. Pupae. Pupation occurs usually within the bark or in the phloem, at or near the position occupied by the last instar. As a rule the larva hollows out a pupal cell, but not always, for the pupae are often! found lying in loose frass beneath the bark. The pupae (fig. 1 , D) are at first pinkish or cream colored, turning darker with age. The pupal period ranges from 11 to 20 days at field temperatures. Natural Enemies No important natural enemies of Temnochila virescens were found in any stage of its development under field conditions. This was also the case in laboratory rearing experiments except in the one instance wherein the mite, Pediculoides ventricosus, infested one group of larvae, causing considerable mortality. Adults occasionally become infested with a reddish-colored mite which does no apparent harm. In combination with the competi- tion from other predaceous insect larvae associated with infesta- tions of the mountain pine beetle, the factor of cannibalism tends to regulate its numbers. July, 1942] STRUBLE— DENDROCTONUS PREDATORS 103 Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) Seasonal Development and Habits The red-bellied clerid, Enoclerus sphegeus (F.), develops one generation annually. The adults are found in September, Octo- ber, and November in sugar pines that are being attacked by the mountain pine beetle. They remain in these trees, hibernating in the bark crevices during the winter months. Eggs are laid on warm days in thq fall and again in the spring. The larvae reach maturity and migrate to the base of the tree to pupate by the time the host brood has begun to emerge in June. They remain' inactive for 30 or more days before pupation. Figure 3 illustrates a typical development cycle of Enoclerus sphegeus in relation to the overwintering generation of the moun- tain pine beetle in sugar pine. Adults. The adults (fig. 1, E) are much more active than other bark beetle predators, and in their rapidity of movement resemble large flying ants or wasps. They range in length from 8 to 12 mm. They are bronze black with a transverse wavy bar of white pubescence across the middle of the elytra. The abdomen is bright orange. The entire body is covered by short white setae, giving it a grayish cast. During warm weather in the fall and spring the adults are found running over the bark surface and darting among the cracks of recently infested sugar pines. They are difficult to catch because they hide quickly or fly away at the least disturbance. They are most numerous on the trunks of green trees that are being attacked by mountain pine beetles. They prey on Dendroctonus monticolae in a manner charac- teristic of this insect. The adult usually approaches its prey from behind, but it may attack it from any position. Then, by quick and precise manipulation with the front and middle pairs of legs, it grasps the host and turns it over so that the ventral portion faces the mandibles of the attacker. Instantly it bites into the soft tissues between the head and thorax, or between the pro- thorax and the mesothorax, and drains the body of its juices and soft tissues. Wings, wing covers, and appendages are dismem- bered, and the body segments are torn apart. Only fragments of the host are left after 20 minutes to a half-hour of feeding. In 104 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST £vOL XVIII NO 3 the laboratory the average number of D. monticolae devoured in repeated tests was about 1 beetle in 27 hours. Enoclerus sphegeus adults are shorter lived than those of Temnochila virescens. Under laboratory manipulation involving mating pairs in individual containers the maximum life period was 2% months, and the egg-laying period 8 weeks. This life period is considerably less than that occurring under field condi- tions where adults are known to hibernate during the winter. Often in the close quarters the nervous activity of the beetles led to entanglements which resulted in death to one of them, usually the male. Eggs. The eggs (fig. 1, F) are pink or orange. They are cigar shaped and range in length from 3 to 4 mm. They are deposited beneath the bark scales, usually near the entrance hole of a bark beetle, in groups of 2 to 25, and are cemented together. In lab- oratory tests the average number of eggs laid per female was 51, the maximum 93, and the minimum 5. The incubation period ranges in length from 8 to 14 days under field conditions. Egg viability was somewhat less than 70 percent. Larvae. The newly hatched larvae are pink or light orange. As they develop the color turns to deeper orange, and finally becomes a bluish purple in the last instar before pupation. Ex- cept for color the general appearance of the larvae (fig. 1 , G) is similar to that of Temnochila virescens. The head and sclerotized portions of the thorax are brownish black; the thoracic spots are less conspicuous. The last abdominal segment terminates dorsally in a forked caudal appendage. The larvae crawl readily by means of three pairs of well- developed legs. They begin migration to the interiorl of the bark within 24 to 48 hours after they have hatched in the fall or spring, entering usually through an entrance or ventilation hole of the mountain pine beetle. Beneath the bark they prey upon all stages of the mountain pine beetle brood except the mature adults. They are active feeders. Each larva requires approximately 10 mature larvae of the mountain pine beetle for complete develop- ment. They are also cannibalistic, especially within limited spaces. Under favorable temperature conditions they develop to ma- turity in from 4 to 6 weeks, passing through three instars. Most of them are mature by the end of June among the overwintering JULY, 1942] STRUBLE— DENDROCTONUS PREDATORS 105 106 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 broods of Dendroctonus monticolae. With the beginning of emergence of the mountain pine beetle the larvae migrate down the bole to the duff level, where they burrow into the outer bark. Each larva then hollows out a pupal cell, lining it with a silvery, foamlike secretion which exudes from the mouth. Then they re- main quiescent in the cell with the head and thorax bent in against the abdomen. Within 30 days after this migration the larvae begin to pupate. About 30 percent do not pupate until the following] spring, remaining unchanged throughout the sum- mer and hibernating during the winter months. Pupal cells are found occasionally within the duff or in decomposing wood near the base of a tree when there is insufficient suitable bark, as is the case on trees heavily scarred by fire. Pupae. The pupal stage (fig. 1, H ) is found chiefly during August. The body portion of the pupa, is light orange, while the appendages are nearly translucent. With advancement in age all portions turn darker. The pupal period at normal summer tem- peratures requires an average of 20 days before emergence of adults. Adults begin emerging early in September, but do not appear in numbers before October and November. Natural Enemies Like Temnochila virescens this insect is comparatively free from insect enemies. Reddish-colored mites were obserevd fre- quently on the adults, but these did not appear to affect them appreciably. Cannibalism, however, is common, and this habit may account for the death of many. The effect of other preda- ceous Coleoptera; associated with Enoclerus sphegeus beneath the bark of infested sugar pines is probably negligible, since they are all very much smaller. Summary Temnochila virescens and Enoclerus sphegeus are two native coleopterous predators of bark beetles and are commonly asso- ciated with infestations in many conifers in the West. In sugar pine they are associated with infestations of the mountain pine beetle. Their habits and life histories with this host were investi- gated as a preliminary step to determine their importance as control factors. JULY, 1942] STRUBLE— DENDROCTONUS PREDATORS 107 Both insects in the adult stage prey on mountain pine beetle adults as the latter attack green trees. In the larval stage they enter the bark to prey on the immature broods of the mountain pine beetle. Each predator requires one year to complete development from egg to adult. Temnochila virescens develops its broods in trees attacked in the summer, whereas Enoclerus sphegeus de- velops its broods in trees attacked in the fall. Thus each predator is reared separately on the two seasonal broods of the mountain pine beetle. Temnochila virescens lays its eggs from May to September. The larvae feed actively until the summer-generation broods of the mountain pine beetle take flight. They complete their develop- ment on secondary insects occurring beneath the bark. Adults emerge one year after the eggs are laid. Enoclerus sphegeus lays its eggs during warm weather in the fall and spring. The larvae complete development and migrate to the base of the infested tree when mountain pine beetles begin flight in June. They pupate in cells during August. The adults emerge during September, October, and November. Natural enemies of these two predators are unimportant, but cannibalism is a definite factor which tends to reduce their numbers. Literature Cited Boving, A. G., and A. B. Champlain. 1920. Larvae of North Ameri- can beetles of the family Cleridae. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 57(2323) : 275-649. 12 pis. Doane, R. W., E. C. Yan Dyke, W. J. Chamberlin and H. E, Burke. 1936. Forest insects. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York and London. 1-463. 234 figs. Essig, E. O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. MacMillan Co., New York. 1-1035. 766 figs. Keen, F. P. 1928. Insect enemies of California pines and their control. Calif. State Dept, of Nat. Res., Div. Forestry Bui. 7:1-113. 51 figs. Person, H. L. 1940. The clerid Thanasimais lecontei (Wole.) as a factor in the control of the western pine beetle. Jour. For. 38:390-396. 1 fig. Struble, G. R. and L. H. Carpelan. 1941. External sex; characters of two important native predators of the mountain; pine beetle in sugar pine. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 17:153-156. 2 figs. 108 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 NORTH AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS ANCYLOSCELIS ( Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae) BY CHARLES D. MICHENER American Museum of Natural History, New York * Ancylosceli s; is ai genus of bees widely distributed in the Neo- tropical Region and ranging northward as far as southern Colo- rado. In the present paper only those species known to occur in Mexico and the United States are considered. Since the generic name Ancyloscelis has been subject to con- fusion for many years, its history is here briefly reviewed. The French vernacularized name Ancyloscele was listed without de- scription by Latreille (1825:463) and this is given as the orig- inal citation for Ancyloscelis by both F. Smith (1854:367) and Dalla Torre (1896:222). The name Ancyloscelis, however, was apparently first used by Berthold (1827:466) in his German edi- tion of Latreille’s work of 1825. Being unaccompanied by a description or figure, the name was a nomen nudum. In 1829 Latreille [in Cuvier, (1829:355)] gave a brief description of Ancyloscelis, but mentioned no species. The name is treated in approximately the same manner in the numerous later editions of Cuvier’s work. Not until 1836 was a species included in the genus. In that year Haliday, using the spelling Ancylosceles, described a species, ursinus. Cockerell has used this latter spelling; and cred- ited the generic name to Haliday. However, Haliday ’s Ancylo- sceles is evidently only a misprint or an incorrect use of the French pleural vernacular ( les Ancylosceles) which appears in the sec- ond and following editions of Cuvier’s “Regne Animal.” Since Haliday clearly intended to place his species in Latreille’s genus, A. ursinus Haliday, as the first included species, necessarily be- comes the type species of Ancyloscelis Latreille, even though Latreille’s original specimens apparently belong to the genus now called Tetrapedia (see Cockerell, 1922). Diadasia Patton was placed as a synonym of Ancyloscelis by Ashmead (1899:64). Friese (1906:92) following Ashmead in his interpretation of Ancyloscelis, proposed the name Dipedia for the species of Ancyloscelis as now understood. Cockerell, on the other hand, placed these forms in Leptergatis Holmberg. Upon studying specimens identified as L. halictoides Holmberg, the type species of Leptergatis, he concluded that that genus was * This paper was prepared at the University of California, Berkeley, California. July, 1942] MICHENER— ANCYLOSCELIS 109 related to Melitoma and distinct from Ancyloscelis. His examina- tion of the type specimen of Ancyloscelis ut sinus Haliday showed it to belong to the genus Ancyloscelis as understood by recent au- thors and not, as Ashmead had supposed, to the group* now called Diadasia. Dipedia Friese therefore becomes a synonym of Ancyloscelis. Genus Ancyloscelis Latreille Ancyloscelis Latreille, 1829, in Cuvier, Reg. Anim., 2nd ed., 5:355; Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 17:320 (as Ancylo- sceles) ; Smith, 1854, Cat. Hymen. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus., 2:367; Holmberg, 1903, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)2:430; Friese, 1904, Zeit. f. syst Hymen, u. Dipt., 4:20; Brethes, 1909, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)12:221; Lutz, 1920, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42:641; Cockerell, 1921, Ent. News, 32:76 (as Ancylosceles) . Genotype: Ancylosceles ursinus Haliday, by single reference (Haliday, 1836). Dipedia Friese, 1906, Flora og Fauna, 8:92; Lutz and Cockerell, 1920, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42:592. Genotype: Ancylo- scelis armata Smith, designated by Lutz and Cockerell, 1920. Leptergatis Cockerell (nec Holmberg), 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8)10:29; Lutz and Cockerell, 1920, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42:592. Key to the North American Species of Ancyloscelis Males 1. Small tooth of inner ventral angle of posterior tibiae far be- yond middle; tooth of base of posterior basitarsi small ..toluca —. Small tooth of inner ventral angle of posterior tibiae but little beyond middle; tooth of! base of posterior basitarsi large 2 2. Clypeus with an apical transverse white band; labrum largely white; apical emargination of sixth sternum deep with sides at acute angle to one another armatus Clypeus black; labrum with at least large black areas; apical emargination of sixth sternum broader and shallower 3 3. Apical emargination of sixth sternum with sides at a slightly obtuse angle to one another sejunctus — . Apical emargination of sixth sternumi with sides at a slightly acute angle to one another melanostomus Ancyloscelis toluca (Cresson) Melissodes toluca Cresson, 1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 219. Diadasia , toluca, Fox, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4:118. Eucera toluca, Dalla Torre, 1896, Cat. Hymen., 10:249. Entechnia toluca, Cockerell, 1905, Am. Nat., 39:741. Leptergatis toluca, Cockerell, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8)10:29. Ancylosceles toluca, Cockerell, 1923, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4)12: 84. no THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, .'JO. 3 This species is unknown to me. A. wheeleri (Cockerell) (T912, Psyche, 19:105) described from Guatemala is apparently closdy related to toluca, if not synonymous with it. A. toluca itself has been recorded from Guatemala. Type: from Mexico, in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It is possible that the Fox Lower Californian record of toluca refers in reality to melanostomus. Ancyloscelis armatus Smith Ancyloscelis armata Smith, 1854, Cat. Hymen. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus., 2:867; Friese, 1904, Zeit. f. syst. Hymen, u. Dipt., 4:22. Ancyloscelis armatus, Cockerell, 1905, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 31:325. Eucera armata, Dalla Torre, 1896, Cat. Hymen., 10:2,25. Dipedia armata, Friese, 1906, Flora og Fauna, 8:92. Leptergatis armata, Cockerell, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8)10: 29. Male: Length, 7 to 7% mm. Inner margins, of eyes converging below; flagellum dark brown beneath; clypeus rather coarsely punctured with a narrow, transverse, yellowish white, subapical band; labrum yellowish white, the margin narrowly fuscous; man- dibles with large basal areas white, median parts reddish, apices black; frons and vertex considerably more finely punctate than clypeus. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum more coarsely and closely punctate than clypeus; mesepisterna similarly but a little less closely punctate, especially below; tegulae translucent brown; wings clear; tarsi ferruginous; posterior legs greatly thickened; inner ventral angle of posterior tibiae with a small tooth a little distad to middle of tibiae; posterior tibial spurs slightly bent, outer markedly shorter than inner; posterior basitarsi produced ventrally at apex to an acute point, ventrally at base to form a large, curved, acute tooth; claws and terminal segments of pos- terior tarsi far larger than those of other tarsi; posterior surface of propodeum, including enclosure, rather dull and minutely rough- ened. Abdomen finely punctate; posterior margins of terga one to five with fasciae of white pubescence, broken medially on first tergum; fascia of sixth tergum reddish brown; pubescence between abdominal fasciae short, sparse, fuscous; emargination of sixth sternum deep and acute. This species was described from Brazil but has been recorded from Argentina (Friese, 1906) and from as far north as Guatemala (Cockerell, 1912) and Mexico (Friese, 1904). Two male specimens from, Uvalde, Texas, June 15, 1930 (E. G. Lins- ley and J. O. Martin, Calif. Acad. Sci.) agree well with descrip- tions of armatus and are placed in that species for the present, although the examination of South American material may event- July, 1942] MICHENER — ANCYLOSCELIS 111 ually show them to represent distinct species. The preceding description is based upon the Texan specimens. Type: male, from Brazil, in the British Museum (Natural History) . Fig. 1, Lateral view of Ancyloscelis sejunctus Cockerell, male; Fig. 2, Emargination of sixth abdominal sternum of A. armatus Smith, male; Fig. 3, Emargination of sixth abdominal sternum of A. sejunctus Cockerell, male; Fig. 4, Emargination of sixth ab- dominal sternum of A. melanostomus Cockerell, male. Ancyloscelis sejunctus Cockerell Ancylosceles sejuncta Cockerell, 1933, Am. Mus. Nov., 595:1. Ancylosceles maculifera Cockerell, 1934, Am. Mus. Nov., 697:8 (new synonym); Cockerell, 1935, Am. Mus. Nov., 766:4. This species, in the male, differs from armatus thus: clypeus black; labrum black or with small whitish area medially; white hair bands of abdominal terga broader, more broadly broken on anterior two terga, that of sixth tergum white like preceding ones ; apical emargination of sixth sternum broad and slightly obtuse. A. sejunctus was described from Baca County, Colorado, and has been twice recorded (as maculifera ) from Bexar County, Texas. Specimens before me are from Sabino Canyon, Arizona, August 14, 1924 (E. P. Van Duzee). 112 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Type: male, Regnier, Baca County, Colorado, in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. I am much indebted to Mr. H. F. Schwarz for the information upon which the above indicated synonymy is based. At my re- quest, he has examined the types of both sejunctus and macuM- fera, comparing them with an Arizona specimen. He found the types of sejunctus and maculifera to be very similar, differing chiefly in the presence of a dull whitish spot on the labrum of the latter. This spot is absent in the San Antonio, Texas, specimens recorded as maculifera by Cockerell in 1935. Certain differences which appear from the descriptions to separate the two forms are of no value. Thus the pterostigmata are of the same color in the two types, and the mandibles of both have whitish areas basally, barely less conspicuous in sejunctus than in maculifera, although such areas are described as absent in sejunctus. Ancyloscelis melanostomus Cockerell Ancylosceles melanostoma Cockerell, 1923, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4)12:83. This is probably a form of sejunctus, from which it seems to differ only in the larger and deeper emargination of the sixth sternum of the male. In view of the extremely limited amount of material available, the abesnce of specimens intergrading be- tween sejunctus and melanostomus, and the apparent geographic Reparation of the two forms, it has seemed best to regard them as separate species for the present. The mandibles in the holotype of melanostomus have a dull whitish area basally on each, just as in sejunctus, although they were described as black. Type: male, La Paz, Lower California, in the California Academy of Sciences. Literature Cited Ashmead, W. H. 1899. Classification of the bees or the super family Apoidea. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 26:49-100. Berthold, A. A. 1827. Natiirliche Familien des Thierreichs. Indust.- Compt., Weimar, 602 pp. Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921. The bee-genus Ancylosceles Haliday (Hymn.). Ent. News, 32:76-77. 1922. Descriptions and Records of Bees. — XCIV. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9)9:660-668. Dalla Torre, C. G.,de. 1896. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Engleman, Leipzig, 10:viii+643. July, 1942] BARR — ACMAEODERA 113 Friese, H. 1906. Resultate einer Reise des Herrn A. C. Jensen- Haarup in die Gegend von Mendoza (Argentina). Flora og Fauna, 8:89-102. Haliday, A. H. 1936. Descriptions of Hymenoptera collected by Capt. King in the survey of Straits of Magellan. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 17:316-331. Latreille, P. A. 1825. Families naturelles du regne animal. Bailli- ere, Paris, 570 pp. I 1829. in Cuvier, Regne animal, 2nd. ed., Deterville, Paris, 5 :xxiv +556. Lutz, F. E. and T. D. A. Cockerell. 1920. Notes on the distribution and bibliography of North American bees of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae, and Anthopho- ridae. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 42:491-641. A NEW SPECIES OF ACMAEODERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) BY WILLIAM F. BARR University of California, Berkeley The writer wishes especially to thank M. A. Cazier for his helpful suggestions and loan of specimens and E. C. Van Dyke, E. S. Ross, E. G. Lansley, and J. N. Knull for their generous and valuable assistance. Acmaeodera ephedrae Barr, new species Medium-sized, robust. Head and pronotum unicolorous, aeneous black, shining. Elytra straw colored, suture, umbones and outer margins cupreous brown. Under surface uniformly, closely punc- tate throughout and, densely clothed with what appears to be a dense felt-like tomentum; prostemal margin slightly retracted from anterior pronotal angles; last abdominal segment evenly rounded without a subapical carina. Head rather deeply, coarsely punctate, reticulate, matted with short, silvery white, recumbent hairs, thinning out on vertex, two denuded areas just above antennal insertions; clypeus rather deeply emarginate, finely punctate, sparsely covered with short, suberect, whitish hairs; antennae abruptly serrate beginning with fifth segment, extending to hind margin of pronotum. Pronotum widest at basal fourth, slightly wider than elytra, slight trace of median depression, convex, shallowly, coarsely, punctate, reticulate, densely covered with short, silvery-white, re- cumbent hairs except on disk which is sparsely covered with long, white, subrecumbent hairs; anterior margin sinuate, as wide as base; basal margin slightly emarginate; side margins obsolete, not visible from above. 114 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Elytra with sides strongly sinuate behind unibones, middle not as wide as base, evenly rounded to blunt apex; margins of apical third serrate; striae well pronounced, strial punctures deep, rather small,, separated by their own width or less than their own width, striae distinctly separated by more than width of strial puncture, interspaces with small punctures rather widely separated, each small puncture giving rise to a short, white, suberect, setiform hair. Legs with femora densely clothed with long, silken, white, re- cumbent hairs and dense, felt-like tomentum; tibiae and tarsi more sparsely clothed with silken, white, recumbent hairs. Length, 7.8 mm.; width, 2.8 mm. Holotype in author’s collection, collected five miles north of Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, July 2, 1941 (W. F. Barr). A single specimen was collected from Ephedra. This species, belongs in) the truncate group' and in Fall’s key 1 will run to Acmaeodera neglecta Fall and the immaculate forms of A. quadrivittata Horn. However, it is only distantly related to these species. A. ephedrae' is most closely allied to the recently described species, A. fisheri Cazier, A. barri Cazier, and A. palma- rum Timberiake. It also bears a superficial resemblance to A. discalis Cazier from which it may easily be distinguished by the finer elytral punctures, sinuate sides of elytra, lack of vittae and by the presence of the dense felt-like tomentum on the ventral surface. A. ephedrae differs from A. neglecta and A. quadrivit- tata in that it is larger, more convex and sinuate, has coarse, shallow, reticulate pronotal punctures, and has a different type of vestiture beneath. In separating A. fisheri from A. ephedrae, the latter species is more convex, the pronotum is more densely punc- tured with the disk containing long, silky, subrecumbent hairs and the elytra are immaculate. A. ephedrae is easily distin- guished from A. barri by its much broader form, its straw color and by the elytral vestiture which is composed of hair rather than scales. A. ephedrae differs from A. palmarum by its larger, flatter, broader form, the presence of hair rather than scales on the elytra, and by the dense felt-like tomentum rather than distinct scales of the under surface. The writer is also, aware of a species described by Kerremans under the name Acmaeodera pallidula. No specimens of this species were available for examination but A. ephedrae is un- doubtedly distinct from it as A. pallidula lacks the dense tomen- tum beneath. 1 Fall, H. C., 1899, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 7(1) :l-37. July, 1942] MITCHELL— MEGACHILE 115 NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEARCTIC MEGACHILE (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) 1 BY THEODORE B. MITCHELL University of North Carolina, Raleigh Since the publication of the several parts of the Revision of the Genus Megachile in the Nearctic Region 2 , a considerable number of collections of these bees have been received from sev- eral institutions and individuals for determination. The limita- tions of space make it difficult to publish all of the records that have accumulated through the study of this material, but some apparently new species which have been discovered are in need of description, and there are some remarks of significance to be made about a number of previously known species. Megachile (Anthemois) nivalis Friese Evidence has accumulated which seems to indicate that niva- lis is very closely related to M. relativa Cresson, and may possibly represent a race of that species. Several males have come to hand which have been collected along with females of nivalis, although no instances of pairs in copula have been noted. These males are so nearly identical with the males of relativa that no satisfactory means of separating them has been found. Moreover, there is some variability in the females of nivalis in the extent of black hairs in the scopa. Typically the scopa is entirely black on the fifth and sixth sterna, but several specimens have been examined in which that on the fifth segment is considerably paler in color, or with the more basal hairs pale. In all specimens, however, the sixth tergum is entirely fuscous pubescent, in marked con- trast to the golden tomentum of relativa, and the 1 average size of nivalis exceeds considerably that of relativa. It remains to be proven that these males that have been associated with nivalis are actually that species. In addition to records of females from Alaska, Alberta, Maine, Manitoba, Montana, Ontario, Oregon and Wyoming, 1 Research Contribution No. 14 published with the aid of the State College Research Fund, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State College of Agri- culture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina. 2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. LIX, pp. 295-361 (1934) ; LXI, pp. 1-44, 155-205 (1935) ; LXII, pp. 117-166, 323-382 (1936, 1937) ; LXIII, pp. 45-83, 175-206, 381-426 (1937). 116 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 the following records include both sexes: 1 5, 2$, Pamelia L., Mt. Jefferson, Oregon, 3,0001 ft., July 25 and 27, 1907 (J. C. Bridwell ) . 15, 1 $ , Bedford Point Lookout, east of Estacada, Oregon, 2500 ft., August 15, 1937. 15, 3$, Pittsburgh, Co- lumbia County, Oregon, 2000 ft., July 27, 1937, on Epilobium angusti folium, (H. A. Scullen). 2 5, 1$, Metaling Falls, Washington, 2500 ft., July 25, 1931 (F. B. Foley). Megachile (Delomegachile) frigida Smith Shortly before her death Dr. Grace Sandhouse called my at- tention to the fact that I was in error in my use of the name vidua instead of frigida for this species. Smith proposed both names, vidua for the female on p. 192 and frigida for the male on p. 193 (Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. I, 1853). As the name vidua has page precedence, it was thought proper to use. However, Cresson in his Synopsis of Hymenoptera, p. 303, 1887, made vidua a synonym of frigida in spite of the page precedence of vidua, and according to article 28 of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, “If; the names are of the same date, that selected by the first reviser shall stand.” Megachile (Xanthosarus) cochisiana Mitchell At the time that this species was described, the female was unknown, although a series of that sex from Guadalajara, Mexico, was suspected to represent it. Since then a considerable series of males and females from California has been received and studied. The female is almost identical with that of dentitarsus Sladen and runs to it in the key (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. LXII, p. 122, 1936). The only recognizable difference which seems to be at all constant is the black pubescence in the center of the vertex, that being white in dentitarsus. In this latter species there is often dark shorter pubescence intermixed with the longer pale hairs on the vertex laterally, but there are no black hairs medially. In cochisiana the entire vertex is black pubescent. The following records are in addition to previous records from Arizona and Mexico. California: 21 5 , Big Pine, Inyo County, June 8, 1937. 1 5 , Arvin, June 9, 1936 (R. M. and G. E. Bohart). 12 5, 3$, Big Pine, June 8, 1937 (Michener, on Thely- podium brachycarpum and Parosela polyadenia) . 115, 10$, north end of Owens Lake, Inyo County, June 2 and 4, 1937 Michener, on Trifolium). 115, 19$, Lone Pine, Inyo County, July, 1942] MITCHELL— MEGACHILE 117 May 2 and 31, 1937 (E. C. Van Dyke). Nevada: 17, Indian Springs, Clark County, May 26, 1940 (Reeves, Cazier & Ting). New Mexico: 1<2, Albuquerque, August, 1894 (Snow). Megachile (Xeromegachile) subnigra var. angelica Mitchell It now seems probable that M. blaisdelli Mitchell is the female of angelica, and that this species represents a color variant of M. subnigra Cresson rather than a distinct species. The male (angelica) differs from subnigra chiefly in the pale pubescence of the legs and the presence of white apical fasciae on the ab- domen. In subnigra the fasciae are lacking and the legs are black pubescent. Likewise the female ( blaisdelli ) is conspicuously white fasciate, while the female of subnigra is not, and no other constant differences have been found. Megachile (Xeromegachile) inyoensis Mitchell, new species In the key to females of Xeromegachile (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. LXII, 1936, p. 326) this specimen runs to M . hilata or red- landica, but differs from both in the puncturation of the clypeus and in the lack of dark pubescence on the disc of the second abdominal tergum. Female. Size: Length, 10.5 mm.; breadth of abdomen, 4 mm.; anterior wing, 7.5 mm. Structure: Length and breadth of face subequal; eyes sub- parallel; clypeal margin straight; mandible 4-dentate; second joint of flagellum subequal to pedicel, the first joint longer; lat- eral ocelli very slightly nearer edge of vertex than to eyes ; margin of vertex incurved; cheeks below broader than eyes, narrowed above; mid and hind metatarsi distinctly shorter and narrower than their tibiae; apical margins of segments 2-5 of abdomen dis- tinctly though not deeply depressed; sixth tergum straight, with very short erect hairs visible in profile. Puncturation: Minute and crowded at sides of clypeus and face, more distinct and relatively coarse in center of clypeus, the in- tervening spaces between punctures dull; fine and indistinct on the) shining cheeks; deeper and more distinct, but fine and close on vertex medially, slightly more coarse and sparse laterally; fine and close on pleura above and on mesonotum and scutellum later- ally, becoming more coarse and sparse medially and on pleura below; minute, dense and obscure on abdomen basally, becoming more distinct and sparse, but still very fine to fifth tergum, very fine and closei on sixth tergum. 118 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Color: Black; wings subhyaline; tegulae, wing nervures, flagella beneath, and spurs dark ferruginous to piceous. Pubescence: Entirely white on face, cheeks, pleura, propodeum, legs and first two segments of abdomen, the under surfaces of the tarsi ferruginous ; white around periphery of mesonotum, but with evident dark pubescence in center of disc and probably on scutel- lum (which is denuded) ; vertex with intermixed long pale hairs and shorter black ones; short and black on discs of third to fifth abdominal terga, the sixth with very short erect dark hairs and some very obscure whitish pile; segments 1-5 with entire white apical fasciae; scopa entirely pale yellowish, a few dark hairs on sixth sternum apically. , Holotype, female, No. 5232, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. Pana- mint Mountains, Inyo County, California, May 29, 1937 (E. C. Van Dyke) at Wild Rose C.C.G. Camp. Megachile (Pseudocentron) morio Smith Thi9 is probably a melanistic form of M. pruina Smith. The variety nigropinguis Mitchell seems to be intermediate in its color characters between morio and typical pruina. Megachile (Sayapis) inimica Cresson The following notes on the habits of inimica as observed at San Antonio, Texas, were received from Mr. H. B. Parks: “This bee was not seen during the last part of June, all of July and until late August, when a few females were captured, while work- ing valley sage (Salvia ballolae flora Benth.) and four males on Vitex negundo incisa. These werei the only males seen. In Sep- tember the females were common, collecting both pollen and nectar from Laciniaria punctata Kuntze. All through October and up to this date, November 6, the females have worked Ximen- sia encelioides Cav. abundantly for pollen and nectar. The fe- males made their nests in ‘worm holes’ in mesquite trees or mesquite fence posts. The holes are lined with circles cut from the leaves of Monisia pallida Planch.” Megachile (Chelostomoides) felipiana Mitchell The type and only specimen of this species to be recorded previously was collected in San Diego County, California. The following record, therefore, is of the second specimen to be found. 1 $ , Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, May 9, 1937 (W. Benedict) . july, 1942] BOHART — MICRALICTOIDES 119 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS MICRALICTOIDES ( Hymen optera, Apoidea) BY G. E. BOHART Ensign, U. S . Navy Genus Micralictoides (Timberlake) Micralictoides Timberlake, 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:397 (as subgenus ) . Size small (from 4 to 5 mm.) ; punctures of head and mesono- tum broad and shallow as in beaten copper; legs black with testa- ceous markings or abdomen reddish and legs all black; body with- out metallic reflections; maxillary palpus nearly or quite as long as antennal flagellum of female; tibial spurs translucent pale testaceous with far separated, needle-like teeth, sometimes present on both margins; mesepisternal fossa extending anteriorly and posteriorly as a distinct groove from mesepisternal suture to posterior margin of mesepisternum; “enclosure” of propodeum with weak, irregular ridges disappearing toward posterior crest which presents a broadly rounded, obtuse profile; males without modified legs or antennal hairs; visible abdominal sternites of male simple, resembling those of female; seventh sternite of male with apical lobes slender, depressed, each with terminal incurved or hooked appendage; eighth sternite of male with a single median, articulating lobe and a simple, slender, apical lobe not over one-third the total sternite length; male genital capsule with stipites each bearing a simple, slender, apical lobe and with a common dilated basal portion larger than the cardo; sagittae small and scarcely arched basally above surface of stipites. Genotype: Halictoides altadenae Michener. Micralictoides is apparently the simplest in structure of the bees allied to Dufourea and so may be considered the most prim- itive. Among the species of Dufourea, Micralictoides resembles most the small “ Chloralictus-like ” group found! in western United States and especially the latter’s most primitive representatives, leachi Timberlake and viridis Timberlake. This would indicate for the group as a whole a New World origin centered in Cali- fornia with Micralictoides representing most nearly the ancestral type and with the Old World receiving an early migration through Siberia from forms like leachi and arriving in Europe as the “typical” Dufourea represented by the genotype, minuta Lepeletier. 120 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Key to the Known Species of Micralictoides 1. Abdomen largely red ruficaudus -. Abdomen black 2 2. Clypeus of female strap-like, at least three times as broad as long between anterior tubercles ; male with antennal flagellar segments (except apical one) broader than long and with partially greyish facial hair altadenae — . Clypeus of female longer in proportion to width; male with most antennal segments as long as or longer than broad and with white facial hair. mojavensis Table I. Comparative Measurements of Species of Micralictoides Species and Sex Body* Length Anterior* Wing Length Face length ant. view** Face width ant. view** Smallest dis- tance between eves** Median Clypeal Length** ruTicaudas 5 males 4.1 2.5 43.2 50 33.2 21.5 ruricaudaa 5 females 4.6 3.05 45.8 51.6 34.1 26.2 altadenae 3 males 4.5 3.05 Ul.3 54.2 34.6 18.3 altadenae 3 females 5 3.2 45 58.5 38 16 mojavensis 5 males L.2 2.6 45.2 46.2 30.2 20.8 mojavensis 3 females 4.7 hi 47 54.7 ■ 35.1 _22 Micralictoides mojavensis Bohart, new species (PL I, fi g. 1 , 3, 6) Male: Black; apical two-thirds of mandibles reddish brown; antennae brownish black; abdominal venter and sixth and seventh tergites dark testaceous; first and second tarsal segments, bases and apices of tibiae and apices of femora pale testaceous; tibial spurs nearly white. Head: Clypeus less than twice as broad as long, sparsely punctate apically; frons and vertex coarsely, closely punctate, the punctures much less than one puncture width apart; lower half of face sparsely covered with decumbent white hair; apical five flagellar segments as long as or longer than broad. Thorax: Mesonotal punctures averaging about one puncture width apart; dorsum sparsely covered with erect white pubescence often longer than a flagellar segment; meta thoracic leg with first tarsal segment slightly less than 4 times as long as broad; spurs of middle and posterior tibiae with teeth on both margins; “enclos- ure” of propodeum with irregular ridges rather strong almost to posterior margin. Abdomen: First three segments nearly glabrous medially and with small but distinct, apparently non-setigerous punctures, mostly many puncture widths apart ; sides of first three segments and sides and dorsum of remaining segments sparsely covered with white pubescence. Female: Color as in male except for flagellum which is yellow- July, 1942] BOHART— MICRALICTOIDES 121 ish brown apically, tarsi which are dark testaceous to dark brown and abdominal venter which is nearly black; tibial spurs toothed on one margin only, pubescencel around pygidium testaceous. Holotype, male, Mojave, California, April 11, 1938, on Malacothrix (G. E. Bohart). Allotype, GAVILON, Los ANGELES County, California, April 30, 1940, on Gilia multicaulis (P. H. Timberlake) . Paratypes: 4 males, 10 females, Gavilon, Cali- fornia, April 10, 17, 18, 30, 1940, on Gilia multicaulis, Platy- stemurn calif ornicus. Salvia columbariae, Baeria gracilis (P. H. Timberlake) ; 1 female, Mojave Desert south of Avaunter Mountains, California, April 30, 1927, on Malacothrix cali- f ornicus (P. H. Timberlake). The longer clypeus of the female, shorter tarsi, longer an- tennae, and peculiar seventh abdominal stemite of the male separate this from the other black species, altadenae Michener. The color of the tarsi and abdominal venter varies from pale testaceous to dark brown. The punctures of some specimens are more than one puncture’s width apart on head and mesonotum. One female specimen from Mint Canyon, California, which may be a different species, has entirely setigerous abdominal punc- tures like altadenae. Micralictoides ruficaudus (Michener) (PI. I, fig. 4, 6) Halictoides ruficaudus Michener, 1937, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19(10) :397. Black with dark brownish black appendages, first three and anterior half of fourth abdominal segments red. Head : Clypeus distinctly convex apically, less than twice as wide as long between anterior tubercles; lower half of face sparsely covered with de- cumbent white pubescence; punctures of frons coarse, dense, much less than one puncture width apart; antennal flagellar segments of male, except the apical one, broader than long. Thorax : Meso- notal punctures, except posteriorly on mesonotum, as coarse as those on head; dorsum covered sparsely with very short, erect white pubescence; legs entirely black to brownish black; meta- thoracic leg of male with first tarsal segment four times as long as broad; “enclosure” of propodeum with ridges irregular* and not clearly distinct from one another. Abdomen : First three tergites nearly glabrous medially, with distinct, apparently non-setigerous punctures averaging a little more than one puncture width apart; pubescence of fifth and sixth tergites of female dark grey to black medially; impunctate posterior borders oft first three tergites ap- proximately unicolorous with the punctate portions. 122 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 3 4 Fig. 1, mojavensis, male seventh abdominal sternite; fig. 2, alta- denae, male seventh abdominal sternite; fig. 3, mojavensis, male eighth abdominal sternite; fig. 4, 7~aficaudus, male eighth abdomi- nal sternite; fig. 5, mojavensis, male genitalia in dorsal view; fig. 6, ruficaudus, male sixth abdominal sternite. July, 1942] BOHART — MICRALIGTOIDES 123 Records: Type series (C. D. Michener) Altadena, Lqs An- geles County, California, from Eschscholtzia californica; 1 female, Saugus, Los Angeles County, California, April 15, 1939, from Cryptantha (R. M. Bohart) ; 12 females, 5 males, Riverside, Riverside County, California, April 15, 1938, from Eschscholtzia californica (P. H. Timberlake) ; 1 female, Placer- ville, Placer County, California, April 6, 1939, from Nemo- phila menziesii (G. E. Bohart) ; 1 female, Muir Woods, Marin County, California, May 4, 1913 (E. C. Van Dyke) . This species is easily distinguished by its red abdomen and wholly dark colored legs. There is! some variation in the extent of red, in some specimens the fourth segment being wholly black and the second and third with dark lateral areas. Micralictoides altadenae (Michener) (PI. I, fig. 2) Halictoides altadenae Michener, 1937, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19(10) :395. Black; antennal flagellum of female, mandibles, venter of ab- domen and tegulae brown; basitarsi, bases of other tarsal seg- ments and femoro-tibial joint areas brownish testaceous. Head : Clypeus of females strap-like, usually as broad as long between anterior tubercles, truncate along anterior margin; male with lower half of face covered with nearly erect greyish hairs about as long as the clypeus and with antennal segments two to ten broader than long. Thorax : Mesonotal punctures moderately close, aver- aging slightly less than one puncture width apart; some mesonotal pubescence longer than an antennal segment; males with first posterior tarsal segment over five times and second segment twice as long as broad; “enclosure” of propodeum finely, irregularly carinate, the carinae continuing but weakening toward posterior margin. Abdomen : Punctures of tergum numerous, tiny, setigerous, uniform in number except on impunctate testaceous hind borders of segments ; female with abundant, fine, short pubescence medially on first three tergites and longer testaceous pubescence medially on fifth and sixth tergites. Records: Type series (C. D. Michener) Eagle Rock, Los Angeles County, California, May 9, 1936, from Eriophyllum confertiflorum ; 1 male, Aliso Canyon, Los Angeles County, California, May 3, 1934 (C. D. Michener). The very short clypeus, slender male tarsi, greyish pubescence, and setigerous abdominal punctures of this species are charac- teristic. The seventh abdominal sternite of the male shows dif- ferences from mojawensis as illustrated. Markings of the legs vary from light to dark testaceous. 124 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 HEBRUS CURTIS ANTEDATES NAEOGEUS LAPORTE ( Hemiptera, Hebridae ) BY H. M. HARRIS Iowa State College, Ames There has been some question as to the priority of the generic names, Hebrus Curtis and Naeogeus Laporte, also/ as to their syn- onymy and the name to be applied to the family. Kirkaldy (Entomologist, 1900, p. 241), assuming that Laporte’s work antedated that of Curtis cited Hebrus in synonymy and on the basis of the oldest included genus proposed for the group the family name N aeogeidae. That the haplotype of Naeogeus ( ery - throcephalus Laporte) was congeneric with the haplotype of Hebrus ( pusillus Fallen) had already been suggested by Spinola (Essai Hemip., p. 223, 1840) and Fieber (Europ. Hemip., p. 104, 1860) . Horvath, however, was inclined to doubt that Hebrus pusillus Fallen and Naeogeus erythrocephalus were congeneric and based the family name more logically on its type genus — the type genus having been established by Fieber’s use of Hebroidea* in 1851. Now, if erythrocephalus and pusillus are congeneric, as modern hemipterists are agreed (actually most workers consider erythrocephalus Laporte as only a variety of the older pusillus Fallen), and if Laporte’s paper antedates Curtis’s as all recent bibliographies indicate, then the genus name Naeogeus will have to hold and the' family name will he N aeoge- idae. However, abundant evidence has been presented (China, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 19:114, 1927) to show that the paper by John Curtis, entitled “Characters of some undescribed Genera and Species indicated in the Guide to an Arrangement of British Insects,” in which the genus Hebrus was established, was in print prior to January 10, 1833. It now seems equally evident that Laporte’s Essai, in which Naeogeus is established, did not appear in 1832 as is cited by most present-day hemipterists, but instead actually was not in print in its entirety until after April, 1833 (see Harris, The date of publication of Laporte 7 s Essai, to follow in the next issue.) By reason of this, Hebrus Curtis, 1833, takes precedence over Naeogeus Laporte, 1833, and the name of the family of this group of bugs will be Hebridae. * Horvath failed to indicate the use of Hebrides by Amyot and Serville in 1843. July, 1942] CHAMBERLIN— PANAMA CENTIPEDS 125 TWO NEW CENTIPEDS FROM THE CHILIBRILLO CAVES, PANAMA BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN University of Utah, Salt Lake City The present article contains descriptions of two new centi- peds, one in the family Scutigeridae, the other in the Otostig- midae. The types of these species were collected in the Chili- brillo Caves, near Buenos Aires, Panama, by Mr. Kenneth W. Cooper through whose courtesy I have had the privilege of study- ing them. The types are in the author’s collection at the Uni- versity of Utah. Pselliodes harveyi Chamberlin, new species Having the general markings and appearance of P. nigrovittata (Meinert), the type locality for which is also Panama. It differs, however, clearly in the details of coloration. The median yellow stripe with lateral borders lighter yellow or almost white; a band on side of stoma but not extending in front of saddle distinctly orange in color; no black spot on saddle. A light sub-marginal yellow stripe on each side of this band interrupted near middle and not extending over caudal portion of plate. Femora with dark annuli widely interrupted above and only the distal one complete below; the succeeding article dark at ends and with two broad complete dark annuli. Tibiae dark except for a narrow yellow annulus at end of about first third and one at distal end. Tarsi dark with light annuli except distal portion which is entirely yellow. First flagellum of antenna composed of about 57, mostly rather long, articles; the second flagellum of about 325 articles. First tarsal division of fourth legs composed of 12 arti- cles, the second of 35 or 36. First division of tarsus of eighth legs composed of 8 articles, the second of 35. Claws of gonopods of female more than twice the length of the consolidated base; claw angled on mesal side near middle, the angle bearing 4 or 5 stout spiniform setae. Tergite of genital segment strongly narrowed caudad and narrowly rounded at caudal end; subdensely setose above. Length, about 20 mm. Locality. Panama: Buenos Aires, Chilibrillo Cave A, on walls of main chamber. One female taken January 15, 1941, by K. W. Cooper. This species is dedicated to Professor E. Newton Harvey of Princeton University. 126 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 This is a much smaller and more graceful species than P. cavincola (Chamberlin), the type of which was taken in Guacharo Cave on Trinidad Island. Otostigmus cooperi Chamberlin, new species In the preserved holotype the dorsum is olive green with sides and legs a lighter green. The smaller paratype is described by Mr. Cooper as having been in life, “a superbly rich metallic purple with orange-red legs.” As preserved it still retains a purple tinge but the legs are green as in the larger specimen. Head appearing smooth and shining, under the lens showing shallow, scattered punctate antennae consisting of 17 articles of which the first two have the basal fourth (or less of the third) glabrous and shining. First two dorsal plates nearly smooth but plates from third onward densely finely granular or scabrous. In the middle and posterior region the plates present a distinctly elevated median longitudinal ridge with a pair of similar ridges each side of it, with the surface ectad of the ridges on each side strongly wrinkled. In the more anterior region the ridges are still distinctly but less strongly developed but are not evident on the first two plates. The plates of the posterior region have the lateral margins elevated and rounded, the limiting furrows not sharply impressed, the mar- gins less distinctly set off in the middle region and more or less vague and irregular on the most anterior plates. Anal scutum with caudal margin obtusely angular; dorsal sur- face with a wide median longitudinal furrow which is divided anteriorly by a median ridge; lateral margins sharply elevated. Ventral plates without paired sulci; at middle of plate with a pair of shallow depressions. Last ventral plate narrowed cauda d, the caudal margin weakly incurved; a median longitudinal furrow. Pseudopleurae rounded behind, entirely without processes or spines. Tarsi of first three pairs of legs with two spines, those of fourth to twentieth with spine single. Femora of anal legs in female smooth, entirely lacking in spines. Length of holotype, 95 mm. Locality. Panama: In Chilibrillo Cave A at Buenos Aires. Two specimens taken January 18, 1941, on walls of main cham- ber. Reported by Mr. Kenneth W. Cooper as feeding on a “huge Blaberus nymph.” Dilfers from 0. scabricaudus (H. and S.) in the conspicuous dorsal ridges, larger size, green instead of yellow legs, etc. It is named for the collector. July, 1942] LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES 127 NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC BEES (Hymenoptera, Nomadidae) BY E. GORTON LINSLEY University of California, Berkeley The following descriptions are offered in advance of more comprehensive studies in order that the names may be available for the use of other workers who have requested them. Neopasites Ashmead Linsley and Michener 1 , in their discussion of the misidentified genotype of Neopasites, did not sufficiently emphasize the fact that evidence of' the misidentification is clearly given in the original description. Ashmead 2 states in his generic diagnosis that the “front wings have two complete submarginal cells, the first being longer” and that “the first recurrent nervure joins the first sub- marginal cell.” Obviously, he was not describing Phileremus fulviventris Cresson, which he designated as his genotype, since in that species the two submarginal cells are about equal in length and the first recurrent nervure joins the second submar- ginal cell. On the other hand, the statements agree well with the group of species congeneric with Neopasites camia Ckll., the species upon which he actually based his generic description. These wing venational differences are not only of generic but possibly even of tribal value. Trichop asites Linsley, new subgenus Body form robust; integument coarsely punctate; pubescence squamiform; eyes densely clothed with fine, short, erect pubes- cence; ocelli small, anterior and lateral ocelli separated by at least three times their diameters; supra-antennal area polished, im- punctate; sides of face at clypeal margin without a broad tooth. Type: Neopasites (Trichop asites) insoletus Linsley. This subgenus may be recognized at once by the small, widely separated ocelli and smooth supra-antennal area. The pilose eyes are found elsewhere only in Odontopasites. 1 Linsley, E. G. and C. D. Michener, 1939, Trans. Amer. Ent. Sac.. 65:277. 2 Ashmead, Wm., 1898, Psyche, 8 :284. 128 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Neopasites (Trichopasites) insoletus Linsley, new species Female: color piceus, abdomen, red; pubescence white, scale- like, forming patches on head, thorax, and abdominal tergites. Head with a conspicuous white patch at base of antennae, extend- ing laterally nearly to the eyes and partially encircling 1 the an- tennal insertions ; occiput with an indistinct patch behind the eyes ; antennae with first segment of flagellum subequal in length to the two following together; vertex coarsely, subcontiguously punc- tured; pubescence of eyes brownish; sides of face and clypeus coarsely, subcontiguously punctured, sparsely clothed with a few short, suberect, pale hairs; labrum carinate, coarsely punctuate; mandibles reddish, base piceous. Thorax coarsely, closely punctate; mesoscutum with a thin patch of white pubescence along anterior half of median line and similar patches on each side, one just anterior to, the other to one side of, the tegulae; mesoscutellum with a subtriangular white pubescent patch on apical margin ex- tending forward on median line for about one-third its length, lateral margin irregularly lined with white pubescence; vertical face of mesepisterna irregularly margined with white pubescence; mesosternum a little more shining and more irregularly, less closely punctured than mesoscutum; propodeum coarsely punc- tured, triangular area glabrous, finely punctured and tesselate. Wings pale brownish, first submarginal cell about twice as long as second, receiving first recurrent nervure just before apex (nearly interstitial with first transverse cubitus), second submarginal cell receiving its recurrent nervure at apical one-third. Legs clothed with short, suberect, pale hairs, with -a few irregular patches of white hairs on posterior faces of femora and tibiae. Abdomen opaque, closely and rather coarsely punctured, indistinctly clothed with fine, pale hairs; first tergite with a white patch on each side of middle of basal margin and a pair of smaller patches at lateral apical margins, tergites two to four with an oval or subtriangular white spot on each side of middle at base and a similar patch on each side at lateral apical margin, these latter becoming smaller on successive segments, that of the fourth tergite only feebly indicated; fifth tergite with coarse longer golden hairs on each side of middle at base, apex densely fringed with fine, pale, erect hairs, sternites two and four with a narrow apical band of denser white pubescence, fifth sternite a little more densely pubescent than the preceding, apex slightly emarginate. Length, 5.5 mm. Holotype, female, No. 5290, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., from Tex Canyon, Chiracahua Mountains, Arizona, alt. 5000-6000 feet, September 16, 1927, J. A. Kusche, collector. Odontopasites Linsley, new subgenus Body form robust; integument coarsely punctate; pubescence squamiform; eyes densely clothed with fine, short, erect pubes- cence; ocelli large, anterior and lateral ocelli separated by less July, 1942] LINSLEY— PARASITIC BEES 129 than twice their diameters; supra-antennal area closely, coarsely punctate; sides of face at clypeal margin with a broad tooth. Type: Neopasites ( Odontopasites ) arizonicus Linsley. Distinguished from Trichopasites by the larger ocelli, shorter pubescence of the eyes, punctate supra-antennal area, and dentate sides of the face. Neopasites (Odontopasites) arizonicus Linsley, new species Female: color black, antennae, legs, and tegulae piceous or reddish, abdomen red ; pubescence white, scale-like, forming patches on head, thorax, and abdominal tergites. Head with a dense patch of white pubescence about bases of antennae; vertex coarsely, subcontiguously punctured; labrum reddish, carinate for more than two-thirds its length; under side of head on each side of gular groove very closely punctate, punctures all less than one puncture width apart; mandibles pale reddish, base piceous. Thorax coarsely, closely punctate; pronotal tubercles densely clothed with white pubescence; mesoscutum with a small patch of white pubescence on median line at anterior margin, another beside tegulae, and a transverse line along apical margin at middle; mesoscutellum and metanotum with a dense white patch at each side; mesepisterna with a broken band of white pubescence along anterior, dorsal, and ventral margins of vertical face. Wings pale brownish; first submarginal cell much longer than second, receiving first recur- rent nervure just before apex, second submarginal cell receiving its recurrent nervure at apical one-third. Legs clothed with short, suberect, pale hairs, with a few irregular patches of white hairs on posterior faces of femora and tibiae. Abdomen opaque, mod- erately coarsely, closely punctate; first tergite with a white patch on each side of middle at base and a small lateral white patch on apical margin; tergites two to four with a transverse band of white on each side of middle at base and a small apical patch at sides; sternites thinly pubescent, the pubescence a little denser along basal margins. Length, 6-7 mm. Male: White pubescence denser; abdomen with white pubescent patches on tergites one to five; pygidial plate about one and one- half times as long as broad, apex broadly rounded. Length, 5-7 mm. Holotype, female, No. 5290, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. and allo- type, male, and two female paratypes from Yuma, Arizona, May 6, 1939, R. M. Bohart, collector. Additional paratypes are as follows: a male and female, Tucson, Arizona, August 2, 1909, A. K. Fisher, one male, Hereford, Cochise County, Arizona, W. M. Mann (in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia) and three males from San Pedro, 18 miles south of La Paz, Lower California, October 7, 1941, E. S. Ross and G. E. Bohart. [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 130 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Gnathopasites Linsley and Michener The discovery of several additional species of Gnathopasites has revealed the necessity for recognizing two subgeneric groups differing primarily in the form and structure of the maxillary palpi and venation of the wings. Micropasites Linsley, new subgenus Body small, form robust; integument finely punctate; mandi- bles with an inner tooth near apex; maxillary palpi short, com- posed of one or two free; segments. Anterior wings with two sub- marginal cells, the second submarginal cell as long as first. Type: Neopasites cressoni Crawford. In Gnathopasites, s. str., the maxillary palpi are elongate and composed of four free segments and the second submarginal cell is a little shorter than the first. The species of the typical sub- genus are also larger in size. Townsendiella Crawford Three subgenera are now recognizable in this genus. Xeropasites Linsley, new subgenus Head with lateral ocelli separated by less than ocell-ocular distance; antennae with flagellum distinctly thickened beyond mid- dle; maxillary palpi less than half as long as antennal flagellum, composed of four segments subequal in length but becoming suc- cessively slightly shorter toward apex, basal segment inserted on a tubercle; labial palpi with first segment about twice as long as second, third and fourth segments short, subequal in length, to- gether about two-thirds as long as second segment. Wings moder- ately elongate, anterior pair about one and one^half times as long as thorax along mid-dorsal line ; marginal cell moderately elongate, about as long as distance from, its apex to tip of wing; first sub- marginal cell nearly twice as long as second; first recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell. Type: Townsendiella ( Xeropasites ) rnfiventris Linsley This subgenus differs from typical Townsendiella in the shorter maxillary palpi which are only four-segmented, the thickened flagellum, the shorter wings and elongate first sub- marginal cell. Townsendiella (Xeropasites) rufiventris Linsley, new species Female: Color black or dark piceous, abdomen red, tegulae, legs and mouth-parts wholly or partially reddish; pubescence short, scale-like, white and yellowish brown. Head finely, closely punc- tate; pubescence of upper frons and vertex yellowish brown, dense July, 1942] LINSLEY— PARASITIC REES 131 but not entirely obscuring 1 surface, that of lower face denser, white, obscuring surface; inner ocular margins straight; antennae dark brownish; clypeus dark, anterior margin reddish, surface finely, closely punctate, pubescent; mandibles pale reddish, darker at apex. Thorax piceous; pronotum and tubercles densely 1 clothed with yellowish brown hairs except a pair of white lines, fre- quently obliterated, on each side of middle and a narrow white marginal band; tegulae reddish; mesoscutellum, except disk, and metanotum densely white pubescent; mesoscutum and mesepi- sterna densely clothed with unbroken white pubescence which ob- scures the surface. Wings moderately narrow, anterior pair about two and one-fourth times as long as apical width; membrane slightly dusky, veins and stigma brown; marginal cell a little more than twice as long as greatest width; ratio of length of first sub- marginal cell to second, measured along posterior margin, 2 : 1. Legs reddish or piceous; posterior face of femora and outer face of tibiae densely clothed with white pubescence. Abdomen red; tergites finely, closely punctate, with a narrow band of dense white pubescence along apical margin and a patch of white pubescence at sides, sternites frequently brownish, more or less wholly white pubescent. Male : Generally similar to female, legs and abdominal sternites frequently darker. Holotype, female, allotype, male, and two paratypes from Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, March 26, 1932, collected by P. H. Timberlake. Types in the collection of P. H. Timberlake, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. Eremopasites Linsley, new subgenus Head with lateral ocelli separated by less than ocell-ocular distance; antennae with flagellum more or less uniform in diameter; maxillary palpi composed of six segments of unequal length, first segment shortest, second segment longest, more than twice as long as first, third and fourth segments subequal in length, each a little longer than first, about half as long as second segment, fifth seg- ment just perceptibly longer than fourth, a little shorter than sixth which is two-thirds as long as second; labial palpi with first segment longest, second segment about two-thirds as long as first, third and fourth segments subequal in length, together nearly two- thirds as long as second segment. Wings short, anterior pair less than one and one-half times as long as thorax along mid-dorsal line; marginal cell short, much shorter than distance from its apex to tip of wing; first submarginal cell nearly twice as long as sec- ond; first recurrent vein received by first submarginal cell, rarely interstitial with first transverse cubitus. Type : T ownsendiella calif ornica Michener. Eremopasites differs from T ownsendiella, s. str., in the short wings with the marginal cell barely more than half as long as 132 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 the distance from its apex to the tip of the wing, the first sub- marginal cell nearly twice as long as the second and usually receiving the first recurrent nervure near its apex. In addition, the proportions of the segments of the maxillary palpi are quite different. From Xeropasites, it may be separated by the six- segmented maxillary palpi, slender flagellum, shorter wings, etc. THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF CICINDELA FORMOSA SUBSPECIES GIBSONI W. J. BROWN ( Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) BY RICHARD G. DAHL Alameda, California Since the description of Cicindela formosa subspecies gibsoni by W. J. Brown 1 , there has been some argument as to its validity as a subspecies. The few facts presented herewith should help to clarify this difficulty. It is first necessary to know that Cicindela formosa Say is con- sidered a valid species, and that C. f. generosa Dejean and C. f. manitoba Leng are good subspecies. The latter two are geograph- ical subspecies, since generosa can be connected by a continuous series of intermediates with typical formosa and manitoba is connected from its occurrence in the north, by a continuous series of intermediates, south to Kansas and Colorado, where typical specimens of formosa are found. Gibsoni can be connected by a series of intermediates with manitoba. However, in this case both forms can be collected at the same locality. This is similar to the case of latesignata Lee., with a narrowed pattern and obliviosa Csy., with a uniformly widened pattern, both forms being collected from the same colony. In the type series of manitoba the elytral pattern varies in width by degrees, and in one specimen the markings are widened so as to be almost identical to the drawing made by W. J. Brown. In the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, there is one specimen with the elytral markings wider than in typical manitoba and closely approaching gibsoni. Hence the conclusion that gibsoni is the extreme form in uni- formly widened elytral markings of manitoba, both of which occur regularly together. Under the circumstances, subspecific status seems unjustified. 1 Brown, W. J. Some new and poorly known species of Coleoptera. Can. Ent. 72:182-187, 1940. july, 1942] SVIHLA— CTENOPHTHALMUS 133 A NEW CTENOPHTHALMUS FROM FORMOSA (Siphonaptera) BY RUTH DOWELL SVIHLA University of Washington, Seattle To the best of our knowledge, this is the first species of Ctenophthalmus to be described from Formosa (Taiwan). It was collected from Eothenomys melanogaster (a microtine) at Arislan, Formosa, November 12, 1936, by Ruth and Arthur Svihla. The two nearest allied species are from China, Cten- ophthalmus yunnanus Jordan 1932 (Novitates Zoologicae, XXXVIII, p. 287, no. 11, text-fig. 46) from Yunnan, only the male known; and Ctenophthalmus dinormus Jordan 1932 (Novi- tates Zoologicae, XXXVIII, p. 288, no. 12, text-fig. 47) from Szechuan, only the female known. Ctenophthalmus formosanus Svihla, new species Male : Genal process (above genal comb of 3 spines) as narrow as upper spine (fig. 1, A) ;l obliquely flattened at distal end. Pro- boscis not quite reaching apex of forecoxa; with a curved bristle at apex. Pronotal comb of 18 spines, the small ventral ones in- clusive. Epimeron of metathorax with 5 bristles (2, 3). Bristles in row before long ones on posterior terga of abdomen reduced to 1 or 2 each side. Abdominal sterna III to VII without bristles in front of row of’ long ones. Stigma of segment VIII of the Y-type; no bristles above it. Segment IV of hind tarsus barely one-half longer than broad. Fourth apical bristle of clasper (Cl. fig. 2) slightly more ventral than in yunnanus. Ventral arm of IX st. much shorter, broader and truncate. Digitiform sclerite F broader at apex. Paramere of phallosome (Par, fig. 2) with ventral apical hook, which is not present in, yunnanus. Female: Genal process (fig. 1, B) twice as broad as that of male and rounded distally. Upper and median lobes of VII st. (fig. 3) much broader than in dinormus. Sclerotization along apical margin of VII st. absent ; the curved ridge of dinormus represented by a longer straight ridge (ri, fig. 3). Spermatheca (R.s., fig. 3) broader, but this is probably due to its body bearing a vertical fold in the middle which means that the spermatheca is artifically shortened and incidentally broadened; apex of its tail almost pointed, rounded ip dinormus. VIII st. very narrow. Each tergite bearing two rows of bristles as follows: I, 3 and 5; II, 4 and 5; III and IV, 4 and 6 ; V and VI, 3 and 6; VII, 4 and 4; sternite II, none; III, 2 and 5; IV, 1 and 6; V, 1, 5 and 1; VI,, 3 and 5. 134 THE pan-pacific entomologist [ vol xvm? no 3 Ctenophthalmus formosanus Svihla, n. sp. Fig. 1, genal process, A, male; B, female. Fig. 2, male genital segments. Fig 3, female genital segments. July, 1942] BEAMER — DORYCEPHALUS 135 Mid-tarsal segments: 8 73, 65.7, 43.8, 29.2, 80.3a; $ 87.6, 73, 51.1, 36.5, 73 a. Hind-tarsal segments: 8 219, 146, 80.3, 31.1, 87.6a; $ 226.3, 160.6, 87.6, 51.1* 102.2a. Length, 8 , 2 mm.; $, 2 mm. Hind femur : $ 0.30 mm. ; $ 0.36 mm. Formosa (Taiwan), Arisan, Nov. 12, 1936, on Eothenomys melarwgaster, 2 8 8 , 1 2. No. 123.; type 8 and paratype $ in author’s collection, paratype 8 in British Museum. I am very much indebted to Dr. Karl Jordan, F. R. S., for advice and help. A NEW SPECIES OF DORYCEPHALUS (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) BY R. H. BEAMER* University of Kansas, Lawrence Dorycephalus sinuatus Beamer, new species Resembling D. platyrhynchus Osh. but smaller with margins of head sinuate in female and dorsal surface of vertex of male covered with fine longitudinal ridges parallel to margins. Length of male 7.5 mm., female 13 mm. Vertex of female almost three times as long as width between eyes; male one-third longer than width between eyes. Margins of vertex slightly sinuately converging to two-thirds as wide on outer half as through eyes. Disc of vertex highly arched two-thirds its length with median carina entire length in female; male with median carina much higher throughout, and general arching much less. Elytra of male rounded at apex, covering abdomen; those of female rather pointed, exposing pygofer and two abdominal seg- ments. Color of female stramineous; of male smoky brown. Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female slightly longer than preceding segment; posterior margin slightly excavated to a rather broad median lobe. Male valve barely visible, broadly rounded, plates broader than valve at base, abruptly narrowed on basal half to long slender points; pygofer twice as long as plates. Holotype male, allotype female, and one pair of paratypes, Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona, July 9, 1941, R. H. Beamer. One male paratype, same data, E. L. Todd. ♦ Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Kansas. 136 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 COLLECTING WILD BEES IN THE YOSEMITE BY T. D. A. COCKERELL Boulder, Colorado When our kind friend, Mr. Guy Haselton, the well-known photographer of Hollywood, offered to take us to the Yosemite, my wife and I were, of course, delighted to go with him, never having visited this famous valley. We were there from May 5 to 11, 1941, probably the best time of year to enjoy the extra- ordinary beauty of the place, which I will not pretend to describe. I will only refer to the great abundance of the western dogwood, its great white flowers conspicuous everywhere. This plant was named Cornus mittalli by Audubon, who figured it with the band-tailed pigeon in his famous work on American birds. The bees recorded were taken on the floor of 1 the valley (alt. approx. 4000 ft.), except a few from the Myers Ranch, 11 miles away, at a considerably higher altitude. I could not have prepared this report without the aid of Mr. P. H. Timberlake and access to the collection at the University of California Citrus Experiment Sta- tion at Riverside. Timberlake critically examined the specimens and gave me his determinations, which are certainly the most reliable to be had at the present time. Even in the case of species which I myself described, it frequently happens that I have not looked at them for a long time, perhaps a quarter of a century; and in addition, they now have to be differentiated] from numer- ous related species, more recently made known. My list of captures represents, of course, but a fragment of the actual bee fauna, but it is interesting as an introduction to the subject. Mr. Darwin Tiemann, of the Yosemite Museum, has been collecting bees, and has obtained many species (especially of Osmia) which I did not find. I make no further reference to these now, as I presume a list of his captures will eventually be published. Where no locality is given, the floor of the valley, not far from Yosemite Lodge, is to be understood. Annotated List of Species Hylaeus verticalis Cresson. One male at Myers Ranch, visiting Ranunculus californicus Bentham, May 9. Spkecodes sp. Male. Same as presumed new species found at Riverside. Sphecodes sp. Females of two different species, believed to be July, 1942] COCKERELL — YOSEMITE BEES 137 new. Timberlake has a long series of apparently new Sphe- codes, which he will publish as circumstances may permit. Halictus aspilurus Cockerell. Three females at flowers of Nemo- phila exilis Eastwood. Halictus mellipes Crawford. At Cryptantha flaccida (Douglas), female (W. P. Ckll.), and at Ribes. Halictus ( Seladonia ) tripartitus Cockerell. At Nemophila exilis , three females. This is the H. catalinensis Ckll., as generally understood in California, but we follow Miss Sandhouse in considering this and H. meliloti Ckll., as forms of H. tripar- titus. It may be possible to define two or three subspecies, on careful study of a sufficient amount of material. Halictus n. sp. Timberlake MS. A species related to H. bardus Cresson, taken by Timberlake on San Jacinto Mtn. He also has one from the Yosemite, collected by D. W. Clancey. I took one female at flowers of Ribes. Agapostemon californicus vandykei (Cockerell). Three females at Nemophila maculata Bentham. This beautiful insect, with brassy tints on the abdomen, is apparently to be separated as a race of the common green species of California. Andrena* sp. Male at Salix. Allied to A. placida and A. medi- onitens. Timberlake says that A. medionitens Ckll. occurs in this region in June. Andrena sp. One at Salix (W. P. Ckll.). This is apparently identical with one from Ribes, which was seen by Viereck and labeled by him “near excellens.” Andrena albihirta (Ashmead). Two females at Salix, differing by the darker venation. A male from Salix should be this, but does not quite agree. Andrena auricoma Smith. Not quite typical. At Salix, Oenothera, Montia perfoliata and Cryptantha flaccida. Andrena nigrocaerulea Cockerell. One female at Nemophila ex- ilis. Compared with the type it seems to be the same species, but there is some difference in the process of the labrum. A female from Oenothera has a more shining clypeus (approach- ing herein A. epileuca (Ckll.) but dullish abdomen. Andrena monogonoparia Viereck, n. subsp. Timberlake MS. One female at Arctostophylos patula at Meyers Ranch. Tim- berlakei got it in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mtns. * The genus Andrena is represented in California by very many species, a large proportion of them still undlescribed. 138 the pan-pacific entomologist [ vol . X viii, n0 . 3 Andrena n. sp. Timber lake MS. Five females at Ribes. Timber- lake also collected it at Ribes. Panurginus sp. Two females at Nemophila exilis. Probably P. atriceps Cresson, but the male is needed. Nomada erythraea Dalla Torre. At Arctostaphylos patula Greene. Nomada sp. Female at Arctostaphylos patula. It runs in my key (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 559) to California species to N. tintinnabulum Ckll., but it is 8 mm. long, and differs in many respects. It is probably new, and it is not in the collection at Riverside. Chelostomopsis rubifloris (Cockerell). A common species; twelve females and fifteen males were taken. It visits Cryptantha flaccida Bombomelecta pacifica Cresson. One at Myers Ranch, May 9 (W. P. Ckll.). Osniia lignaria Say. Very many nesting in the ground along a path. Females at Cercis and Nemophila exilis ; males at apple, Ribes and Nemophila exilis. This species was originally de- scribed as nesting in wood, as the name implies. The ground nesting habit is surprising, and raises again the question as to the possible distinctness of the western O. propinqua Cresson. Osmia faceta Cresson. One male at Nemophila exilis. Tiemann gave me one he collected on Azalea. Osmia densa pogonigera (Cockerell). At Salix (W. P. Ckll.), and at Myers Ranch at Arctostaphylos patula. We also took nine males which are presumed to- belong here, at Nemophila maculata and N. exilis, at Salix, and one taken by Tiemann on Azalea. Osmia coloradensis Cresson. One male at Nemophila maculata, May 11. Osmia calif ornica Cresson. Five males, at Ribes, Arctostaphylos patula, and Nemophila. This is O. nassa Ckll., which ac- cording to Miss Sandhouse is the true 0. californica, that species having been misunderstood. Osmia atrocyanea Cockerell. Male on yellow violet, and two at Myers Ranch, on Arctostaphylos patula. Osmia hincaidii Cockerell. At Nemophila exilis (W. P. Ckll.) and at Cryptantha flaccida. Osmia pusilla Cresson. One at Nemophila exilis (W. P. Ckll.) . Osmia cyanella Cockerell. One, May 10. July, 1942] KROMBEIN— A NEW TIPHIA 139 Osmia wheeleri Cockerell. At Cercis and Nemophila exilis. There has been; much confusion as to the identity of 0. brevis Gresson, and it may be that the species here recorded is the true O'. brevis. Ceratina acantha submaritima (Cockerell). Both sexes. It was found on Cryptantha flaccida, Nemophila maculata, N. exilis and Oenothera. Ceratina nannla rigdenae Michener. One male at Nemophila maculata , May 11. Ceratina punctigena Cockerell (or possibly C. subpunctigena Michener). One male at Oenothera, May 10 (W. P. Ckll.). Xylocopa orpifex Smith. One male at Nemophila patula (W. P. Ckll.). Psithyrus crawfordi Franklin. One, May 10. Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski. May 11. A variety with the light hair on head/ and thorax very pale. A NEW SPECIES OF TIPHIA FROM CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae) BY KARL V. KROMBEIN Bureau, of Entomology and Plant Quarantine United States Department of Agriculture The following description of a new species of Tiphia is offered at this time so that a name will be available for some observations on the biology by Dr. E. G. Linsley and Dr. C. D. Michener. Dr. Linsley has been kind enough to permit the writer to place the type series in the collection of the United States National Museum except for a pair of paratypes which are to be deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Tiphia shastensis Krombein, new species Female. 14.5 mm. long-. Black; mandible in the middle castan- eous; flagellum beneath and apex of pygidium ferruginous. Body inconspicuously clothed with grayish, suberect pilosity which is longer, more conspicuous, and tending toward yellowish at the apices and sides of the abdominal segments; hind tibial calcaria black; some of the tarsal spines fulvous. Wings brownish, some- what infumated; stigma and basal veins dark brown, the apical veins lighter. Head shining, moderately closely and coarsely punctured; mandible not denticulate along the superior or inferior margin; clypeus on basal half with several rows of subcontiguous punc- tures, apical half impunctate, apical margin broadly rounded; 140 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 vertex much less closely punctured than the front; areas imme- diately in front of the fore ocellus and laterad of the hind ocelli deeply impressed so the fore ocellus faces forward and the hind ocelli more laterad than is normal for the genus; postocellar dis- tance three-fifths the ocellocular distance; a slight groove runs from between the antennal insertions about one-third the distance to the fore ocellus; post-mandibular triangle glossy with a very delicate shagreening and several minute punctures. Dorsal surface of pronotum: shining, anterior transverse carina lacking, posterior third impunctate, anterior two-thirds moderately closely punctate, minute, interspersed punctures lacking; lateral surface of pronotum subopaque with delicate oblique rugulae on upper half and o,blique carinae on lower half, median oblique groove lacking; propleuron subopaque, moderately closely punctate with a few scattered, interspersed, minute punctures ; scutum shining, with a median patch of dense minute punctures and a few scattered larger ones on the adjacent areas; tegula glabrous, about as broad as long, with a groove along the outer and posterior margins; scutellum shining, with a few large punctures which are concentrated on the lateral and posterior margins of the disk; postscutellum shining, with a few scattered large punctures ; meso- pleural disk shining, with scattered large punctures and a few interspersed minute ones, posteriorly with numerous minute punc- tures; propodeum dull above, enclosure subrectangular, slightly over twice as long as wide, the base a bit wider than the apex, and with a distinct median ridge, area adjacent to enclosure moderately shagreened and with numerous minute punctures; posterior sur- face of propodeum shagreened and dull, set off from the dorsal and lateral surfaces by strong ridges and with a few irregular carinae at the upper angles and along the sides; lateral surface of propodeum shining on the upper half, with 18 to 20 strong oblique ridges, the lower half with numerous oblique rugulae and a few scattered minute punctures ; sensorium of hind tibia shallow, broad and pyriform, in outline; hind basitarsus with a longitudinal groove; forewing with basal angulation of radial vein about one- third the distance from stigma to first complete transverse cubital vein. First tergite of abdomen with anterior declivous portion cov- ered with minute punctures and a few interspersed larger ones, base of posterior horizontal portion without a transverse carina, the horizontal portion posteriorly with a shallow transverse groove bearing two to three rows of! subcontiguous punctures, the apex of the first tergite not strangulate; second tergite shining, with scat- tered fine punctures dorsally and several rows of subcontiguous punctures just before apex; third to fifth tergites subopaque from delicate shagreening, each more closely punctured than the second on the disk and with a denser concentration of subcontiguous punc- tures near the apex ; pygidium on basal portion coarsely and closely punctate with a small impunctate area at apex medianly, the July, 1942] KROMBEIN— A NEW TIPHIA 141 apical portion moderately shagreened without punctures or rugu- lae, the apical margin unusually broadly rounded, subtruncate; first sternite dull, closely and minutely punctured, median length of the disk about two-thirds the width at apex; second sternite shining, with scattered punctures; third to sixth sternites sub- opaque from fine shagreening, finely and more closely punctate than the second. Male. Differing from, female as follows: 9.0 mm. long. Man- dible, flagellum and apex of pygidium black. Clypeus rather closely punctate on basal half, median produc- tion impunctate, about one-fourth as wide as basal width of clypeus, apical margin of the production with a broad obtusely angulate emargination ; front subcontiguously punctured, with a slight median carina extending from between the antennal insertions halfway toward fore ocellus; areas anterior to and laterad of ocelli impunctate, the ocellar triangle punctured; postocellar distance about two-thirds the ocellocular distance; vertex and temples with numerous minute punctures and a few interspersed larger ones; postmandibular triangle impunctate; fourth to thirteenth antennal segments' each with a longitudinal carina on outer surface. Anterior two-thirds of dorsal surface of pronotum closely punc- tate ; propleuron with numerous minute punctures and a few inter- spersed larger ones; scutum, and disk of scutellum with scattered punctures about equal in size to those on pronotum; postscutellum with a median longitudinal groove; mesopleural disk posteriorly with the minute punctures more numerous though not so closely placed; propodeal enclosure two-thirds as wide at apex as at base, area adjacent to enclosure with a few large punctures near en- closure and a few irregular carinae at antero-lateral corners; lateral surface of propodeum shining on upper and posterior por- tions with 10 to 12 oblique rugae, remainder of surface subopaque with numerous oblique rugulae; sensorium of hind tibia much narrower; forewing with second complete transverse cubital vein curved outwardly, the apex of the second submarginal cell extend- ing slightly farther distad than apex of marginal cell. Abdominal segments 3 to 7 subopaque owing to delicate sha- greening; anterior declivous portion of first tergite closely punc- tate ; third to sixth tergites more closely punctured than second on the disk; seventh tergite subopaque, finely and subcontiguously punctured, with a median longitudinal impunctate line; anterior portion of disk of first sternite with a few subcontiguous large punctures, posteriorly with scattered minute punctures, the median length of disk about three-fourths the apical width ; second sternite about as sparsely punctate as the corresponding tergite; third to fifth sternites each without lateral teeth or ridges; third to sixth sternites minutely punctured, the punctures more concentrated toward the apices; seventh sternite rather closely punctured on basal two- thirds, the apical third and a median longitudinal ridge on apical two-thirds impunctate. 142 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 Type 2 Old Station, Shasta County, California; May 29, 1941 (E. G. Linsley) [U. S. National Museum, Type No. 55680]. Allotype 5 taken in attempted copulation with and mounted on same pin as type [U. S. N. M.]. Paratypes 3 2,15 topotypical and taken on same date as type (C. D. Michener) [2 2 in U. S. N. M.; 12,15 in Calif. Acad. Sci.]. The female paratypes vary from 14-15 mm. in length and the male paratype is 9.5 mm. long. Tiphia shastensis appears to be most closely related to T. mgulosa Malloch and T. odontogaster Viereck. The following triplet gives in some detail the structural characters separating the three species. Basal angulation of radial vein of forewing about one-third the distance from stigma to first complete transverse cubital ner- vure; wings brownish, somewhat infumated; third to fifth tergites in female and third to sixth in male more finely and closely punctate than in rugulosa and odontogaster, the inter- spaces subopaque from fine shagreening. Female : Apex of pygidium very broadly rounded, the apical margin subtruncate; sensorium of hind tibia broad, shallow and pyriform in outline; length 14-15 mm. Male : Fifth sternite without lateral tooth or ridge; dorsal surface of propodeum adjacent to enclosure punctate and dull shastensis Krombein, n. sp. Basal angulation of radial vein of forewing about one-third the distance from stigma to first complete transverse cubital vein; wings hyaline with a slight brownish cast in female, clear hyaline in male; third to fifth tergites in female and third to sixth in male more coarsely but less closely punctate than in shastensis, the interspaces glossy. Female : Apex of pygidium more narrowly rounded, the apical margin not subtruncate; sensorium of hind tibia narrower than in shastensis but broader than in mgulosa and deeper than in either species; length 9-10 mm. Male ; Fifth sternite (occasionally third and fourth also) with lateral tooth or ridge; dorsal surface of propodeum adjacent to enclosure rugulose and shining odontogaster Viereck Basal angulation, of radial vein of forewing one-fifth toi one-sixth the distance from stigma to first complete transverse cubital nervure; wings hyaline with a slight brownish cast; third to fifth tergites in female and third to sixth in male more coarsely but less closely punctate than in shastensis, the interspaces glossy. Female: Apex of pygidium more narrowly rounded, the apical margin not subtruncate; sensorium of hind tibia narrower than in shastensis but about as shallow 1 ; length 8-9.5 mm. Male : Fifth sternite without lateral tooth or ridge; dorsal surface of propodeum adjacent to enclosure shining and more closely rugulose than in odontogaster rugulosa Malloch July, 1942] KNOWLTON— AMPHOROPHORA 143 The male of shastensis actually keys out at occidentata Mal- loch in Malloch’s key (Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, p. 5, 1918) but the latter species is immediately separated by the shape of the first tergite, which is strangulate apically and nodose when viewed laterally. In my opinion occidentata t belongs to an entirely different species group than do the three species dis- cussed above because of the differently shaped first tergite. AMPHOROPHORA OSBORNI 1 (Homoptera, Aphididae) BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan The following description deals with an apparently unde- scribed aphid, collected in Utah on a black currant bush heavily infested by Amphorophora ribiella (Davis), a species which it somewhat resembles. Amphorophora osborni Knowlton, n. sp. A, antenna; B, lateral view of catida; C, cornicle, of apterous vivipara. Amphorophora osborni Knowlton, new species 2 Apterous vivipara: Codor green; body 2.1 mm. long; antennae 2.41 mm., pale except distal ends of III, IV, V, and all of VI which are blackish; antennal III, 0.75 to 0.8 long with 36 to 37 sensoria; IV, 0.448, without sensoria; V, 0.496; VI, 0.128 + 0.86 ( + ? ends broken off) ; rostrum reaching hind coxae; rostral IV+V slenderly obtuse, 0.16 mm.; hind tibiae 1.46; hind tarsi 0.13; cor- nicles pale, 0.87 long, slightly swollen on distal half; cauda pale, 0.34 mm. long, with 3 or 4 hairs on each side of distal one-half. Collected upon foliage of Ribes longiflorum, at Cedar City, Utah, June 15, 1935, by G. F. Knowlton. Type in the collection of the writer. Amphorophora osborni has more sensoria on antennal III, and its cornicles are longer than those of A. ribiella (Davis), A. nabali (Oest.) and A. pergandei Mason. 1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Logan. 2 Named in honor of my former professor. Dr. Herbert Osborn. 144 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 3 The American Commission on Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology The disturbed condition of the world during the last few years has interfered with the activities of the International Com- mission on Zoological Nomenclature and there is no prospect that this Commission will again function successfully for several years to come. Entomologists in the United States have felt that this situation should not be allowed entirely to stifle progress in the development of nomenclature! and the clarification of nomen- clatorial problems. At the meetings of the Entomological So- ciety of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists in San Francisco, in December, 1941, a plan was adopted which called for the establishment of an American Com- mission on Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology. In accord with the terms of this plan, Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck and Professor G. F. Ferris were appointed to organize the Com- mission. That organization has now been completed and the Commission is ready to function. It includes Prof. J. C. Bradley, of Cornell University; Mr. W. J. Brown and Mr. G. Stuart Walley, of the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture of Canada; Prof. G. F. Ferris, of Stanford Univer- sity; Prof. T. H. Hubbell, of the University of Florida; Prof. H. B. Hungerford, of the University of Kansas; Dr. E. G. Lin- sley, of the University of California at Berkeley; Prof. Clarence E. Mickel, of the University of Minnesota; Dr. C. F. W. Muese- beck and Dr. P. W. Oman, of the United States Bureau of Ento- mology and Plant Quarantine; Prof. A. G. Richards, Jr., of the University of Pennsylvania; Dr. Herbert H. Ross, of the State Natural History Survey of Illinois; Prof. C. W. Sabrosky, of the State Agricultural College of Michigan, and Dr. R. L. Usinger, of the University of California at Davis. Prof. G. F. Ferris has been elected as Chairman. The Commission will receive, consider and advise upon such nomenclatorial problems as are presented to it. All acts of the Commission will be in harmony with the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, although recommendations for the clarification, extension and improvement of these rules may be made. The Commission will report to the two parent societies at their next annual meeting. Communications concerning mat- ters within the province of the Commission may be addressed to any of its members. 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Vol. XVIII October, 1942 No. 4 THE Pan -Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS BOHART, ANALYSIS OF THE ODYNERUS CONGRESSUS GROUP 145 LINSLEY AND MICHENER, HABITS OF TIPHIA SHASTENSIS 154 USINGER, REVISION OF THE TERMITAPHIDIDAE..._ 155 HSIAO, A NEW MIRID FROM OREGON 160 HARRIS, THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF LAPORTE’S ESSAI 161 JAMES, A NEW EMPIS OF THE SUBGENUS PACHYMERIA 163 WOODBURY, SUGDEN AND GILLETTE, PAINTED LADY MIGRATIONS 165 SCOTT, PACIFIC COAST COLLEMBOLA..._ — 177 SCULLEN, NOTES ON SYNONYMY IN THE GENUS CERCERIS — 1 187 DRAKE, A NEW APTEROUS ARADID FROM AUSTRALIA 190 LINSLEY, A NEW SPECIES OF CALLIDIUM FROM REDWOOD..... 192 TITLE PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INDEX FOR VOLUME XVIII. San Francisco, California 1942 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. S. Ross R. L. Usingeb E. C. Van Dyki Assistant Editor Editor Associate Editor G. F. Ferbis E. R. Leach E. G. Linsley Treasurer Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, R. L. Usinger, University of California Col- lege of Agriculture, Davis, California. All communications regarding non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies, and all financial communications should be addressed to the assistant editor, E. S. Ross, or the treasurer, E. R. Leach, at the California Acad- emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge. Additional copies will be reprinted at cost of publication, if a request is received when proof is returned. Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.50 per year in advance. Price for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of •/}" redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: I2%x8^4x2 Yq inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist VOL. XVIII, No. 4 October, 1942 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ODYNERUS CONGRESSUS GROUP OF THE SUBGENUS LEPTOCHILUS (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) BY RICHARD M. BOHART University of California, Los Angeles Most indications point to the origin of the subgenus Lepto- chilus 1 somewhere along the Stenodynerus line. If such is the case, the congressus group probably represents the first offshoot. This is indicated by the many characters possessed in common by the group represented by Stenodynerus anormiformis Vier. and the congressus group, which become lost or altered in the more specialized types of Leptochilus. These are the rounded or flattened postscutellum, the median suture of the second stern- ite, the shape of the second cubital cell, the five-toothed female mandibles, and the lengthened third antennal segment. In fact the chief character separating the two subgenera when these two related groups are involved is the presence in Stenodynerus of distinct pronotal pits. The ocular tubercles which occur in most of the species of this group also are found in certain other Leptochilus as well as sparingly in other subgenera. They are typically smooth swell- ings tangent to the upper and inner angle of the compound eyes. Their greatest development occurs in congressus Vier., in which they often extend over a large portion of the face. Specimens used in this study were borrowed from the U. S. National Museum, the Bureau of Biological Survey of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the California Academy of Sciences, the University of Kansas, and Pomona College. I am also in- debted for material to J. Bequaert, P. H. Timberlake, E. G. Lins- ley, C. D. Michener, M. A. Cazier, F. L. Blanc, J. H. Mitchell, L. D. Phillips, B. E. White, and N. W. Frazier. Holotypes and allotypes have been deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. 1 Leptochilus and Stenodynerus are here treated as Bubgenera of Odynerus. Some authors prefer to treat them as genera. 146 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 Synopsis of the Species of the Odynerus congressus Group Postscutellum not sharply crested; hind face of propodeum with a dorsolateral tubercle or short ridge; forewing with the two veinlets of the second cubital cell which border on the first and third discoidal cells forming almost a straight line; second sternite with a crease-like basal median suture; interocellar tubercles when present essentially parallel; female mandible five toothed. 1. Hind face of propodeum with a pointed tubercle on each side; front margin of pronotum with a conspicuously projecting membranous flange which is about an ocellus width; second tergite sharply re flexed apically; second sternite of male with a pair of small medio-lateral teeth. 2 — . Hind face of propodeum with a short sharp dorso-lateral ridge; front margin of pronotum inconspicuous; second tergite hardly reflexed apically; male second sternite untoothed 3 2. Vertex with bulging* ocellar and ocular tubercles .... deformiceps Vertex without ocellar or ocular tubercles platycerus 3. Vertex without interocellar tubercles; interocellar area not furrowed; head prolonged behind the eyes; scutellum but not postscutellum pale marked; male middle femur not conspicu- ously deformed russipes Vertex with prominent interocellar tubercles or at least with interocellar area furrowed; scutellum and postscutellum, or the latter only, pale marked; male middle femur usually dis- tinctly deformed 4 4. Postocular and interocellar tubercles covered with punctures except at their summits infuscipennis Tubercles very prominent, smooth and shining. 5 5. First tergite (at least) marked wuth light reddish. 6 - First tergite marked with dark red or without red; last an- tennal segment of male robust and flattened; male middle femur much broader basally than trochanter. ..7 6. Last antennal segment of male, slender and nearly cylindrical but not apically excavated; male middle femur enlarging ab- ruptly from the base (Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado) martini — Last antennal segment of male thick, flattened, and apically excavated; male middle femur enlarging abruptly from the base (California and Arizona) rnssatus 7. Black with whitish markings; head swellings often enormous and extending down the face toward the ocular emarginations. congressus — . Black with yellow markings; head swellings moderate tetralobus oct., 1942] BOHART— ODYNERUS 147 Odynerus infuscipennis Bohart, new species Male. Black with the following whitish yellow: Clypeus, lower eye margins, first antennal segment in front, Y-shaped interanten- nal spot, postocular spot, front margin of pronotum, tegula mostly, spot beneath, two spots on scutellum, stripe across post-scutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs partly, apices of first five tergites and second sternite, attached lateral spot on first tergite, large free lateral spot on second tergite, mandible mostly, antennal apex, legs partly, dark reddish; wing veins dark, membrane almost evenly smoky. Pubescence pale, short, and sparse. Puncturation moderately coarse, becoming coarse on second sternite, clypeus well punctured. Head about as broad as long, clypeus narrowly and roundly incised apically; third antennal! segment over twice as long as broad; interocellar area furrowed but only slightly tubercu- late; ocular tubercles low and punctured except at their summits. Humeral angles slightly more than 90 degrees; middle femur nearly normal. Aedeagus constricted somewhat sub-basally; para- mere hairless except at inner base. Length to apex of second tergite, 6.5 mm. Female. Clypeus black except for apical spot, complete stripe across scutellum, legs largely red and black, fifth tergite dark, venter black except for lateral spots on second sternite. Clypeus narrowly incised, apical teeth sharp ; third antennal segment about twice as long as second; second abdominal segment broader than long; length of apex of second tergite, 7 mm. Holotype male and one pairatype male, Bass Lake, Madera County, California, June 6, 1938 (R. M. Bohart) ; allotype female and one paratype female, Mariposa, Mariposa County, California, June 13, 1938 (J. R. Warren and R. M. Bohart). One female paratype, Yakima, Washington, July 4, 1882. One male paratype, Ten Cent Lake, Steens Mts., Oregon, July 29, 1937 (Bolinger and Jewett). Ten other paratypes from the following localities (all California) : Cayton, Shasta County; Meadow Valley, Plumas County; Tuolumne County, 3,500 feet; Usona, Mariposa County; Davis, Yolo County; Antioch, Contra Costa County; Murphys, Calaveras County; Cascade, Fresno County. Paratypes in collec- tions of U. S. National Museum, J. Bequaert, and the author. In this species the pale markings are variable. The type material is restricted to those specimens which are marked with whitish yellow, but additional specimens are at hand in which the markings are distinctly yellow as well as being more exten- sive. These are mainly from southern California (Monterey and Los Angeles Counties) but a few are from Davis Creek and Las- 148 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL.XVIII,N0.4 sen Creek, Modoc County. Because of the variation even within the white-marked specimens, it does not seem worthwhile to desig- nate these yellow forms by a separate name. Occasional white- marked females are also red-noded. Fig. 1 , deformiceps, dorsal view of male genitalia; fig. 2, russa- tus, dorsal view of male genitalia; fig. 3, russatus male, front view of head; fig. 4, congressus female, front view of head; fig. 5, con- gressus male, ventral view of first two abdominal segments ; fig. 6, congressus, apical wing venation; fig. 7, congressus, posterior view of propodeum; fig. 8, defomniceps, posterior view of propodeum; fig. 9, ntssatus male, lateral view of middle femur; fig. 10, con- gressus male, lateral view of middle femur; fig. 11, deformiceps male, front view of head; fig. 12, deformiceps male, lateral view of head; fig. 13, irussipes male, front view of head; fig. 14, russatus male, terminal antennal segments; fig. 15, i-ussipes male, terminal antennal segments. Odynerus tetralobus Bohart, new species Male. Black marked with yellow as follows: Clypeus, first an- tennal segment in front, margin of pronotum broadly, tegula and spot beneath, stripes across scutellum and post-scutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs partly, apical bands on first five tergites and second sternite, attached lateral spots on first two tergites. Tarsi, tibiae partly, wing veins, brownish; apical cell of forewing and costal margin clouded, membrane otherwise mainly clear. oct., 1942] BOHART— ODYNERUS 149 Pubescent short, pale, and obscure. Puncturation moderate, punc- tures mostly separated by at least one puncture diameter, clypeus well punctured. Head broader than long; clypeus roundly incised apically, emargination less than distance between apical teeth; third antennal segment about twice as long as second, last segment flattened and twice as long as broad; interocellar and ocular swellings prominent and shiny. Humeral angles approximately 90 degrees; middle femur strongly flattened and much broader basally than trochanter. Length to apex of second tergite, 7.5 mm. Female. Clypeus dark-margined laterally, head markings re- duced in size; scutellum two spotted. Clypeus sharply toothed and roundly incised apically; length to apex of second tergite, 8 mm. Holotype male, Coalinga, Fresno County, California, May 14, 1938 (M. A. Cazier) ; allotype female and two paratypel females, Riverside, Riverside County, California, May, on Eriogonum fas- ciculatum (P. H. Timberlake) ; male paratype, Gavilan, River- side County, California, May 31, 1937 (P. H. Timberlake) ; female paratype, Mint Canyon, Los Angeles County, California, May 25, 1937 (E. P. Van Duzee). Paratypes in collections of P. H. Timberlake and the author. Although resembling congressus closely in markings, tetra- lobus is a larger species with much more prominent head swell- ings. Also, the male last antennal segment in the former is slender and nearly cylindrical, whereas that of tetralobus is stout and flattened. The male middle femora are similar, but more flattened and swollen in tetralobus. Odynerus martini Bohart, new species Male. Black marked with whitish as follows: Clypeus, mandi- ble partly, Y-shaped interantennal spot, first antennal segment in front, lower orbital stripe, postocular spot, front margin of pro- notum, tegula and spot beneath, stripes across scutellum and post- scutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs partly, apical margins of first four tergites and second sternite, free lateral spot on sec- ond tergite. Mandible mostly, antenna beneath and apically and second sternite partly, reddish; wing veins brown, membrane un- clouded except slightly in apical cell. Pubescence short, pale, and obscure. Puncturation moderate, punctures mostly separated by about a puncture diameter; clypeus well punctured. Head broader than long; clypeus narrowly and angularly incised apically; inter- ocellar and ocular swellings prominent and shining; third antennal segment about twice as long as second; last segment slender, curved, and nearly three times as long as broad. Humeral angles obtuse ; middle femur strongly flattened and concave on outer side. Length to apex of second tergite, 6 mm. 150 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL.XVIII,N0.4 Female. Clypeus black except for a subapical spot, whitish markings of head reduced, legs black and red, propodeum. largely red, first three tergites and second stemite apically banded, free spot of second tergite faint and reddish. Clypeus angularly in- cised at apex; length to/ apex of second tergite, 7.5 mm. Holotype male, Davis Mts., Texas, May 13, 1937 (J. 0. Mar- tin) ; allotype female, Finlay, Texas, July 2, 1930 (J. 0. Martin). Paratype male, Sierra Blanca, El Paso County, Texas, July 8, 1917. Two female specimens which are probably this species are from Greeley, Colorado, June 6, 1902, and Las Cruces, New Mexico, respectively. This species resembles russatus closely in general structure and markings. These are the only two species of the group, with the exception of russipes, having extensive light reddish markings. Although the females are practically indistinguishable, the males differ both in antennae and middle femora as indicated in the key. In addition the clypeus of russatus male is roundly instead of angularly excavated. This difference is much less obvious in the females. The head swellings in these two species are promi- nent but never reach the extreme knob-like condition found in most congressus. The supposedly martini female from Las Cruces has the body mostly reddish and undoubtedly the extent of red coloration is highly variable. As mentioned elsewhere, occasional specimens of congressus and infuscipennis have dark reddish showing up in the nodal area, and russipes is normally red-noded in the female only. Odynerus russatus Bohart, new species Male. Red marked with whitish as follows: Clypeus, face mostly, postocular spot, pronotum in front, tegula and spot be- neath, stripes across scutellum and postscutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs partly, apical bands on first, second, fourth and fifth tergites and second sternite, a lateral attached spot on first tergite, a free lateral spot on second tergite. Scutum, wing veins, apices of terminal tergites, dark reddish brown; wing membrane mostly clear, apical cell clouded. Pubescence short, pale, and ob- scure. Puncturation moderately coarse, punctures mostly separated by at least a puncture diameter, clypeus sparsely punctured. Head slightly broader than long; clypeus roundly and deeply incised apically; third antennal segment about twice as long as second; last segment flattened, hardly twice as long as broad, and with the tip excavated (see figure). Aedeagus very broad and stout, hardly constricted sub-basally (see figure) ; paramere hairless except at inner base. Length to apex of second tergite, 7 mm. oct., 1942] BOHART— ODYNERUS 151 Female. Clypeus irregularly marked with red, facial marks reduced in size, no interocellar marks, legs almost entirely red. Clypeus with a somewhat angular, narrowly rounded apical in- cision; length to apex of second tergite, 8 mjm. Holoype male, allotype female, and one male paratype, San Felipe Creek, Imperial County, California, July 8, 1933 (H. S. Gentry). Other paratypes, one male, Buckeye, Arizona, March 18, 1934, on Lycium torreyi (P. H. Timberlake) ; one male, Tucson, Arizona, July 25, 1940, on Lycium parviflorum (J. Bequaert) ; one male and two females, Indio, Riverside County, California, April 9, 1936, at flowers of Pro so pis (P. H. Timber- lake) ; one female, Indio, California, March 25, 1937 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart). Paratypes in collections of P. H. Timberlake, J. Bequaert, and the author. Considerable variation exists in the extent of the red colora- tion which may be supplanted with black except in the nodal area. Apparently there is a seasonal variation with the redder forms emerging in midsummer. The peculiar male antennae separate the species at once from all others. The female may be confused with martini which is, however, a more easterly species. Odynerus congressus Viereck Odynerus congressus Viereck, 1908, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 33:405. (Holotype female, Univ. Kansas.) Black marked with whitish which is distributed about as in russatus except that propodeum and scutellum are usually un- marked and second tergite lacks free spots; nodal area rarely marked with dark reddish. Similar in structure to russatus except that head swellings are usually greatly enlarged and extending down the face. Also, last antennal segment of male stout and flat but not excavated apically, and male middle femur concave on outer side and strongly flattened. Records. Arizona: Bill Williams Fork, Phoenix, Higley, Con- gress Junction (type locality), Palmerlee, and Tucson (June to August). Texas: Sierra Blanca, El Paso County, July 8. New Mexico: Florida, July 6, on Actinella (T. D. A. Cockerell). Cali- fornia: Morongo Valley, San Bernardino County (September) ; Coachella Valley, Riverside County (May to August) ; Imperial County (April to November) . P. H. Timberlake records it visit- ing the flowers of Acacia greggii, Prosopis julijiora, and Croton calif ornicus in the Coachella Valley of California. 152 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [voL.XVIII,N0.4 Odynerus russipes Bohart, new species Male. Black; labrum, clypeus, mandible mostly; first antennal segment in front, triangular interantennal spot, ocular spot, front margin of pronotum, tegula mostly, spot below, stripe across scutellum, legs partly, apical bands on abdominal tergites one to five and sternites two to four, lateral spots on tergites one and two, whitish; tip of mandible, antennal flagellum, wing veins, tibiae and tarsi partly, last three abdominal segments mostly, reddish brown. Pubescence pale, obscure, and sparse; clypeus hardly sil- vered. Puncturation moderately thick, punctures mostly separated by one puncture diameter or slightly less. Head enlarged behind eyes but without smooth swellings; mandible five toothed, second tooth most protruding; clypeus deeply and roundly incised apic- ally; third antennal segment less than twice as long as second; last two segments nearly equal in length, the last about twice as long as broad. Humeral angles obtuse; middle femur normal. First abdominal segment broadening abruptly subapically as viewed from above; aedeagus slender and with a long narrowed subapical neck; paramere densely hairy, especially on inner side. Length to apex of second tergite, 6.5 mm. Female. Clypeus black; interantennal spot long oval; apex of postscutellum, propodeum, and base of first antennal segment, red; first three tergites and sternites two and three apically white banded. Head longer than broad as viewed from the front, clypeus roundly incised; second abdominal segment longer than broad; length to apex of second tergite, 8 mm. Holotype male, Westgard Pass plateau, Inyo County, Cali- fornia, May 3, 1937; allotype female, same locality, May 27, 1937. Paratype male, Globe, Arizona, July 4, (D. K. Duncan) ; two male paratypes, Charleston Mt. Park, Nevada, May 24. Other paratypes (all from Inyo County, California) : two males and one female, Inyo Mts. ; six males and one female, Mazurka Canyon; one male, Panamint Mountains; one male, Westgard Pass pla- teau; one male, Little Lake. Paratypes in collections of U. S. National Museum, J. Bequaert, and the author. The species can be readily distinguished by its unfurrowed and unswollen interocellar area, the whitish scutellum but dark postscutellum, and the lengthened head. In the last-named char- acter it approaches platycerus and deformiceps, to both of which it is probably related. It is apparently a connecting link between these odd species and the more typical members of the group. The sexual dimorphism of russipes is striking, the female being red-noded. oct., 1942] BOHART— ODYNERUS 153 Odynerus platycerus Bohart, new species Male. Black; clypeus, first antennal segment in front, inter- antennal spot, orbital spot, postocular spot, front margin of pro- notum narrowly, tegula mostly, stripe across scutellum, legs partly, apical bands on first six tergites and sternites two to four, yellow; spots on second to eleventh antennal segments, last two segments entirely, legs partly, reddish brown; terminal segment of tarsi dark, others light; wings deeply brown-stained. Pubescence short, thick, and pale to golden. Puncturation close and moderately coarse, punctures mostly nearly contiguous, clypeus well punctured. Head longer than broad, cubical ; clypeus broad and semi-circularly emarginate apically; third antennal segment about twice as long as second; last two segments lengthened, last segment large, flat and spoon-shaped; mandible three toothed, basal tooth very large. Front margin of pronotum with a projecting membranous edge, lateral angles slightly obtuse ; hind face of propodeum with a sharp lateral tooth instead of a ridge; middle femur of irregular shape, swollen basally and depressed externo-medially. First tergite slightly flared apically in dorsal view; second tergite longer than broad and apically reflexed collar-like; second sternite with a sharp latero-medial tubercle; genitalia about as figured for de- formiceps but aedeagus slightly stouter. Length to apex of second tergite, 10 mm. Holotype male, Guadalajara, Mexico, July, 1909 (D. L. Craw- ford) . This peculiar species resembles deformiceps but lacks the head swellings. Odynerus deformiceps Bohart, new species Male. Black; clypeus, first antennal segment in front, inter- antennal spot, orbital spot, postocular spot, front margin of pro- notum, tegula mostly and spot beneath, stripes across scutellum and postscutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, legs partly, apical bands on first six tergites and second to fourth sternites, lateral attached spot on first tergite, pale yellow; spots on second to eleventh antennal segments, last two segments entirely, legs partly (last segment of tarsi dark), tegula partly, reddish brown; wings stained with brownish. Pubescence short, fairly sparse, and pale to fulvous. Puncturation moderately coarse, especially on abdomen where punctures are nearly contiguous; vertex weakly punctured; clypeus finely punctured. Head longer than broad and greatly swollen in ocellar area; third antennal segment about twice as long as second; last segment very large, flat and spoon-shaped (see figure) ; mandible three toothed, basal tooth very large, clyp- eus broad and semi-circularly emarginate apically; ocular and interocellar tubercles extremely prominent; ocelli reduced; post- 154 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [v0L.XVIII,N0.4 ocellar area long and nearly flat in lateral view. Front margin of pronotum with a projecting membranous edge, lateral angles slightly obtuse ; hind face of propodeum with a sharp lateral tooth instead of a ridge; middle femur of irregular shape, swollen basally and depressed externo-medially. First tergite flared apic- ally in dorsal view; second tergite longer than broad and apically reflexed collar-like; second sternite with a sharp latero-medial tubercle; genitalia as figured. Length to apex of second tergite, 11 mm. Female. Clypeus about as long as broad and black except for a basal crescent, head swellings less prominent than in male, second sternite without tubercles. Holotype male, Cochise County, Arizona, August 14, 1916 (Virgil Owen) ; allotype female, Palmerlee, Arizona, October. Paratypes (all from Arizona) : three males, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts. (W. H. Mann) ; one male, Palmerlee, Arizona. Paratypes in collections of U. S. National Museum, J. Bequaert, and the author. This extraordinary insect was placed in this group only after considerable deliberation and the discovery of the related species, platycerus, which links it to russipes. It is remarkable for its oddly shaped head and long slender body as well as for the numerous distinctive secondary sexual characters of the male. Habits of Tiphia shastensis On May 29, 1941, near Old Station, Shasta County, Cali- fornia, a large number of fresh emergence holes of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga errans Lee., were noted along the edge of a little used dirt road. A closer examination revealed many females of Tiphia shastensis Krombein digging into and emerging from the ground as well as a few males following them about and at- tempting copulation. The female wasps flew rarely hut wandered over the ground exploring the surface with their antennae. After a relatively short search they began to burrow into the ground vertically and within a few moments they would be out of sight. A small amount of excavation revealed several additional wasps and a larva of P. errans, suggesting the possibility that the tiphiids are parasites of the latter. — E. G. Linsley and C. D. Michener. oct., 1942] USINGER — TERMITAPHIDIDAE 155 REVISION OF THE TERMITAPHIDIDAE (Hemiptera) BY ROBERT L. USINGER University of California, Davis Knowledge of the termitophilous genus Termitaradus has been at a standstill since the last of Myers’ excellent papers (1932). Myers (1924) first recognized the genus as distinct from the monotypic Termitaphis of Colombia and gave a “key to the females of the seven adequately described species.” In 1932 he was able to give a redescription of the eighth species, australi- ensis (Mjoberg), describe a new species from Jamaica, and de- scribe the eggs of guianae (Morrison). Unfortunately a revised key was not given at that time, probably because of the uncer- tain status of the two Trinidad species, trinidadensis and insularis described by Morrison in 1924. The two Trinidad species (both based upon single 1 specimens collected at the same time and place in galleries of the same species of termite) have long been a source of confusion and have occupied isolated positions in Myers’ classification; trini- dadensis because of its small number of abdominal flabella (4 instead of the usual 6 or 8) and! insularis because of its small number of body lobes (12 instead of 13 or 14 as in all other Termitaradus females). However, Myers’ work (1924) strongly suggested that the number of body lobes, varied between 13 and 14 (both forms were present in his series of panamensis ) and he even had an incipiently 12-lobed female of jamaicensis in' 1932. Furthermore, he showed that there were only four marginal flabella to each abdominal lobe in the penultimate nymphal instar of jamaicensis. Through the kindness of Dr. A. M. Adamson of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, I recently received a collection of sixty-nine specimens of Termitaradus from Trini- dad and Tobago, B. W. I. Specimens were collected by Dr. Adamson at the following localities: Manzanilla, Trinidad, May 24, 1936 (34 specimens) ; Caura Valley, Trinidad, January 1, 1936 (12 specimens) ; Mayaro, Trinidad, May 10, 1936 (6 speci- mens) ; Caledonia District, Tobago, December 27, 1938 (3 adults and many eggs) ; and Bacolet, Tobago, September 1 13, 1938 (14 specimens) . This fine collection includes eggs, nymphs of vari- 156 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL.XVIH, NO.4 ous instars, and adult males and females. Dr. Adamson tells me that of the 150 or more species of termites in Trinidad he finds Termitaradus only in the galleries of the one species, Hetero- termes tenuis (Hagen), where they are apparently quite common. A study of this fine series of specimens sheds considerable light on the limits of variation in Termitaradus and settles the status of the doubtful Trindad species. It now seems obvious that the* basic number of lobes on either side of the body is 14 but that 13- and even 12-lobed females occur within the same species. The number of marginal lobules and flabella is very variable on the thoracic lobes but is more constant on the mid- dle lobes of thel abdomen and is very constant on the head lobes and on the lobes of the eighth abdominal segment. This last character is so constant and the three-lobule condition occurs so consistently throughout all of the American species in contrast to the two lobules and flabella of the Old World species that one is tempted to reject the record of mexicana (2-lobules) as an error in observation. Certainly this is an inconsistency that should be checked when the type or other material is examined. It seems certain that trinidadensis (Morrison, 1923) is the nymph (2 mm. long and 4 marginal flabella on either side of most of the abdominal segments) and insularis (Morrison, 1923) is the 12-lobed adult female of a single species. I have nymphs with 4 marginal flabella which are about 1.75 mm. long and, as mentioned above, 12-lobed females are also present in my series. The differences in shape of flabella illustrated by Morrison (1923) fall within the extremes of variation seen in a single individual, though the typical form lies between these two. The name trinidadensis is retained with insularis as a synonym be- cause it has page precedence, is more appropriate, and corre- sponds to other geographical specific names in the genus. The specimens from Trinidad and Tobago have been carefully compared and appear to be identical although the Tobago speci- mens average slightly smaller. The flabella of the second cephalic lobes are much smaller than those of the other body lobes in trinidadensis and one Tobago specimen has these fla- bella so short that they project beyond the margins of the lobules only at their rounded apices. Male Termitaphidids are typically 12-lobed, the meso and metathoracic lobes being fused. As pointed out by Myers (1924), they seem to average one more lobule and flabella to each of the oct., 1942] USIN GER — TERMITAPHIDIDAE 157 anterior abdominal lobes than in the female of the same species. Males have not been incorporated into the classification because they are known only for annandalei, guianae, panamensis, and trinidadensis, they lack the very useful differentiating character of 2 or 3 lobules and flabella on the eighth abdominal lobes, and they differ from the females in average number of flabella on the other abdominal lobes. On the other hand, the flabella are similar in form in both sexes so it is a simple matter to associate the two sexes of a single species. The male genital capsule is very conspicuous, quite fully exposed, and may eventually provide characters for specific differentiation. The basal plates of the aedeagus are completely fused, thus differing from the Aradidae as described by Singh-Pruthi (1925), and the conjunctiva is sclerotized on either side into a plate with a recurved hook. The parameres are long, slender, tapering, and sinuous, being gradu- ally curved near the middle and slightly recurved near the apex. The eggs are similar to those described by Myers (1932) for guianae, being .87 mm. long and .55 mm. across greatest width. This is in spite of the considerably larger size of trinidadensis adults. The chorion is very thin, completely transparent, and finely pitted under magnification of 108 diameters. Beneath the dhorion is the usual embryonic envelope which is discernible only upon dissection. As noted by Myers, no cap or micropylar processes are developed. The food habits of the Termitaphididae are still a matter for conjecture but China (1931) called attention to the parallelism in structure of mouthparts (coiled setae) in the Plataspidae, Aradidae, and Termitaphididae and showed that this is a spe- cialization for feeding on the mycelia of fungi. In 1936 I re- corded a termitophilous Aradid, Mezira reducta Van Duzee, found commonly in the galleries of Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen). Since Hendee (1933) has shown that fungi are norm- ally found in abundance in, the galleries of termites and are rare or absent in sound wood, it seems obvious that the Mezira men- tioned above and the Termitaphididae in general feed upon fungi associated with termite galleries. A revised key to the Termitaphididae has been prepared based upon Silvestri’s original key (1911) and the subsequent revi- sions of Morrison (1923) and Myers (1924). One female of Termitaradus panamensis Myers and two females of guianae (Morrison) were available for study and comparison thanks to 158 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [v0L.XVIII,N0.4 Mr. H. G. Barber, who also examined the types of trinidadensis and insularis in the collection of the United States National Museum and confirmed the critical characters at my request. I might add that the entire! problem of the taxonomy of the pres- ent material was first referred to Dr. Morrison who turned the matter over to Mr. Barber. Thanks are due to the authorities of the United States National Museum and to both of these men for their cooperation. Synoptic Key to the Termitaphididae ADULT FEMALES A. Body egg-shaped, surrounded by a strongly incurved and up- curved, dorso-lateral, segmentally divided lamina, the edges of which are further divided into distinct, often quite distantly separated lobules, each with a long, fine almost smooth flagel- lum. Colombia. ( Amitermes foreli Wasmann; fam. Termitidae) Termitaphis circumvallata Wasmann (1902) B. Entire body strongly flattened above and below and surrounded by a flat, lateral, segmentally divided lamina the margin of which is crenulate, forming short, non-separated lobules, each provided with a short, circular, clavate, or lanceolate flabellum with serrate edges. Tropicopolitan. (In association with ter- mites of the family Rhinotermitidae.) Termitaradus Myers (1924) (Type: Termitaradus panamensis Myers, 1924). 1. Flabella short and rounded, at most scarcely more than twice as long as broad 2. -. Flabella elongate, much more than twice as long as broad 5 2. Eighth abdominal lobes each with two lobules. Anterior ab- dominal segments normally with seven or more lobules on each side 3 Eighth abdominal lobes each with three lobules. Anterior ab- dominal segments normally with six lobules on each side 4 3. Flabella rounded. Anterior abdominal segments with not more than seven lobules on each side. Mexico. (H eteroterm.es tenuis Hagen) mexicana (Silvestri, 1911) -. Flabella short, clavate. Anterior abdominal segments with eight or more lobules on each side. India. ( Coptotermes heimi Wasmann) annandalei (Silvestri, 1921) 4. Flabella of second cephalic lobe half the size of other head and body flabella, but projecting conspicuously, ovate in form. Brit- ish Guiana and Colombia. ( Heterotermes crinitus Emerson and tenuis Hagen) guianae (Morrison, 1923) -. Flabella. of second cephalic lobe much smaller, minute, scarcely surpassing margins, perfectly circular in form. Jamaica. (Heterotermes convexinotatus Snyder) ..jamaicensis Myers, 1932 oct., 1942] USINGER— TERMITAPHIDIDAE 159 5. Eighth abdominal lobes each with two lobules 6 Eighth abdominal lobes each with three lobules 7 6. Flabella subcylindrical, rounded at apices or at most very ob- tusely pointed, echinate. Anterior abdominal lobes each with seven lobules. Africa. ( Rhinotermes putorius Sjost.) subafra (Silvestri, 1911) -. Flabella long, narrow, clavate, with straight sides and squarely truncate tips, not echinate. Anterior abdominal lobes each with eight or more lobules. Australia. ( Copotermes acinaciformis Froggatt) australiensis (Mjoberg, 1914) 7. Flabella lanceolate, very acute at apices. Panama. ( Hetero - termes tennis Hagen and convexinotatus Snyder) panamensis Myers, 1924 -. Flabella moderately clavate, rounded at apices. Trinidad and Tobago. ( Heterotermes tenuis, Hagen) trinidadensis (Morrison, 1923) ( =insularis Morrison, 1923) Bibliography China, W. E. 1931. Morphological parallelism in the structure of the labium in the Hemipterous genera Coptosomoides, gen. nov., and Bozius, Dist., in connection with mycetophagous habits. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 7:281-286, figs. Hendee, E. C. 1933. Association of the termites, Kalotermes minor, Reticulitermes hesperus, and Zootermopsis augusticollis with fungi. Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Zool. 39:111-134, figs. Myers, J. G. 19214. On the systematiq position of the family Ter- mitaphididae with a description of a new genus and species from Panama. Psyche,, 31:259-278, 1 plate. 1932. Observations on the family Termitaphididae with the description of a new species from Jamaica. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 9:366-372, figs. Mjoberg, E. 1914. Preliminary description of a new representa- tive of the family Termitocoridae. Ent. Tidskr. 35:98-99, 2i figs. Morrison, H. 1923. Three apparently new species of Termitaphis. Zoologica, 3:403-408, pi. 24. Silvestri, F. 1911. Sulla posizione sistematica del genere Termi- taphis Wasm. con descrizione di due specie nuove. Portici Boll. Lab. Zool. 5:231-236. 1921. A new species of Termitaphis from India. Rec. Indian Mus. 22:71-74, 3 figs. Singh-Pruthi, H. 1925. The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1925:127-267, 32 plates. Usinger, R. L. 1936. Studies in the American Aradidae with de- scriptions of new species. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 29:490-516, 2 plates. Wasmann, E. 1902L Species novae insectorum termitophilarum ex America meridionali. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 45:75-107, figs. 160 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 A NEW MIRID FROM OREGON (Hemiptera) BY TSAI- YU HSIAO Oregon State College, Corvallis* Lopidea oregona Hsiao, new species (fig. 1) Coloration suggestive of L. picta Kngt., but distinguished from it and its allied species by the simple male right genital clasper and the long third antennal segment which in thei male is nearly as long as the second segment. Figure 1. Lopidea oregona Hsiao, male genital claspers : a, both claspers, caudal aspect; b, left clasper, lateral aspect; c, right clasper, lateral aspect. Male. Length, 4.9 mm., width, 1.505 mm., clothed with fine pale pubescence; dorsum fuscous; lateral margins of vertex, middle of frons anteriorly, genae, juga, lora (except apex), a longitudinal median line and anterior margin of pronotum, a broader longitu- dinal median line of scutellum, and embolar margins posteriorly, pale and slightly tinged with pinkish; base of vertex, frons, clypeus, and calli of pronotum, blackish; ventral side unevenly fuscous; gula, xyphus, propleura, first rostral segment dorsally, and anterior coxae, pale. Antennae black. Legs fuscous and tinged with reddish at the paler areas. Head, width, 1.208 mm., length, .385 mm.; vertex, width, .638 mm., distinctly depressed before posterior carina. Rostrum: length, 1.225 mm., reaching upon intermediate coxae. Antennae: segment I, length, .438 mm; II, 1.59 mm.; Ill, 1.575 mm.; IV, .385 mm. Pronotum: length, .823 mm., width at base, 1.4 mm., convex poste- riorly, posterior and lateral margins moderately sinuate, humeral angles broadly rounded, calli prominent. Scutellum: length, .525 mm., width at base, .70 mm., moderately convex, finely trans- * Published as Technical Paper No. 399 with the approval of the Director, Oregon Agricultural Experiment! Station. Contribution from the Department of Entomology. oct., 1942] HARRIS— LAPORTE’S ESSAI 161 versely rugulose at middle. Hemelytra surpassing abdomen with apex of cuneus; corium.: length, 2.2;7 mm.; cuneus: length, .70 mm., width, .35 mm.; membrane concolorous, finely rugulose. Tibial spinules fine and dark. Dextral genital clasper simple, leaf -like, length, .525 mm., width at base, .265 : mm., with a rough- surfaced knob -like elevation at inner surface near apex. Female. Very similar to the male in coloration, length, 4.725 mm., width, 1.4 mm.; length of antennal segments: I : II : III : IV = .42! mm. : 1.365 mm. : 1.138 mm. : .35 mm. Holotype, male, Seneca, Oregon, July 11, 1935 (Joe Schuh), in collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Allotype, female, taken with the type, in collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes, two males and one female, taken with the type; three males and one female, Redmond, Oregon, June 25, 1939 (K. W. Gray and! J. Schuh) ; in collection of the Entomology Department of Oregon State College and collections of J. Schuh, H. H. Knight, and the author. ON THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF LAPORTE’S ESSAI BY II. M. HARRIS Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa The genera and species described by F. L. de Laporte, Comte de Castelnau, in his “Essai d’une Classification Systematique de l’Ordre des Hemipteres” have been dated by most taxonomists and bibliographers from 1832. Ini an effort to solve some ques- tions of synonymy and priority I have recently hadj occasion to investtigjate the date of publication of the Essai, and have con- cluded that it did not appear until 1833, although the preceding parts of volume II of Guerin’s Magasin de Zoologie, in which Laporte’s Essai appeared, actually were printed in 1832. The title page of the “deuxieme annee” of the Magasin de Zoologie bears the date, 1832. The introductory paragraphs, however, are signed “Guerin, Paris, Mars 1833” and the open- ing sentences are — “Aujourd ’hui nous faisons enfin paraitre les 11 et 12 livraisons du Magasin de Zoologie. Ces deux livraisons, qui ont ete retardees des circonstances inde(pendantes de notre volonte, formant le complement de l’annee 1832.” This is fol- lowed by a “Table Methodique” of the species and g'enera 162 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 “decrits ou indiques dans l’annee 1832.” An examination of the Table discloses that none of the genera or species treated in the Essai is listed, although a species described on the page imme- diately preceding the Essai is given. Laporte introduces the Supplement of the Essai with the statement “Ce travail ayant paru; successivement, feuille par feuille, ...” Thus in the Essai itself and in the volume of the journal in which it is published there is sufficient cause for doubting the 1832 date. Also it is made clear* that the Essai appeared in parts. In his references to the Heteroptera, Westwood (Introd. Mod. Classif. Insects, 11:451, 1840) cites Laporte’s Essai as dating from 1833 as he previously had given it in an 1 , address read be- fore the Entomological Society of London on January 21, 1835. An examination of the early volumes of the Annales de la Societe Entomologiqlie de France and the Entomological Maga- zine, both of which had their inception in 1832, sheds still more light on the matter. On page 111 of the Annales, volume I, 1832, in the report of the “Seance du 29 fevrier, 1832,” is the state- ment, “M. De Laporte lit un essai d’une nouvelle classification des Hemipteres.” In volume II of the Annales, p. xxxiii, livrai- son 11 of Guerin’s Magasin is listed among the works having been published since January, 1833; and on p. xlii, livraison 12 and 13 are noted as having appeared after April 1, 1833.1 Still later in this second volume of the Annales there is a list of works published by members of the Societe Entomologique de France during 1833, which list includes Laporte’s Essai. In volume 1 of the Entomological Magazine, p. 305, there is a review of Guerin’s Magasin de Zoologie in which the reviewer specifically mentions Laporte’s Essai. This is in the third num- ber of the volume, issued in April, 1833. In the fifth number of the same volume, issued in October, 1833, one finds Guerin’s Magasin de Zoologie again reviewed in the “Notice of Ento- mological Works” and it is specifically noticed that “De Laporte’s excellent Essay on the Hemiptera is concluded.” In the copy of volume II of Guerin’s Magasin before me there is no indication of the livraisons. One surmises that Laporte’s Essai wasi issued as livraisons eleven and twelve and perhaps the Supplement as thirteen (note: Guerin’s introduction does not mention the thirteenth) . In any case it seems clearly evident that no parts of the Essai were issued in 1832, and that a portion of it, but not all, appeared before April, 1833. oct., 1942] JAMES— EMPIS 163 A NEW EMPIS OF THE SUBGENUS PACHYMERIA (Diptera, Empididae) BY MAURICE T. JAMEIS Colorado State College, Ft. Collins In Genera Insectorum, fasc. 185, Melander lists four nearctic species of Empis referable to the subgenus Pachymeria. The subgenus may be characterized as follows. Short, robust, blackish-gray species; eyes of female broadly, those of male narrowly separated (contiguous in male johnsoni ) and with small uniform facets; face broad; humeral, propleural, and metapleural bristles not unusually strong; dorsocentrals and acrosticals biserial or multiserial; legs short, robust, the hind femora more or less thickened; legs in both sexes not ciliated with flattened scales; fourth vein reaching wing margin; anal angle of wing not obtuse, more or less rectangular; abdomen short, broad, its segments without strong dorsal bristles. The known nearctic species may be separated by the follow- ing key : Key to the, Species of Pachymeria 1. Hind femora no longer than middle ones; male dichoptic 2 -. Hind femora one-third to one-half longer than middle ones.. ..3 2. Abdomen wholly shining black brevis Loew -. Abdomen with distinct white pollinose markings, especially toward apex pudica Loew 3. Abdomen with pile, except on first segment, largely or wholly pale and with distinct grayish pollinose areas on all segments. montiradicis James, n. sp. -. Abdomen wholly black — pilose and shining or with greatly re- duced pollinose markings 4 4. Antennal style one-third as long as third segment; male dich- optic otiosa Coq. -. Antennal style one-half as long as third segment; male hol- optic johnsoni Mel. Empis (Pachymeria) montiradicis James, new species Male. Head black, wholly dusted with grayish pollen except on oral margin, which is shining. Eyes in front of ocelli sepa- rated by approximately distance between paired ocelli; front broadening gradually above, suddenly below; face about three times width of narrowest part of front. Total length of antennae two-thirds height of head; length of first two segments combined a little less than width of face; ratio of three segments and arista 5:4:16:6; third segment lanceolate, two and a half times as long as its maximum width; antennae dull black, basal segments with 164 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 black pile. Bristles of vertex and occiput black; about twenty- five infraorbitals; numerous occipitals, not arranged in rows; pile long, yellow, sparse, more abundant below. Head as wide as high, slightly higher than long; proboscis almost twice height of head, yellow, base and sheiath blackish, palpi and labella lemon^yellow; palpi with a few long black hairs in front. 1 Thorax black, almost wholly covered with dense grayish pollen; mesonotum with four brown vittae, middle pair (between dorso-centrals and acrosticals) reaching approximately from suture almost to anterior margin, outer pair (outside dorso-centrals) greatly abbreviated in front but sometimes extending beyond suture; propleurals and meta- pleurals black, pleural sclerites of mesothorax bare; bristles and hairs of pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum black; four scutel- lars. Legs short; all femora thickened, one-fifth to one-fourth longer than their tibiae; front and middle femora of equal length, hind ones half again as long. Front femora brown to black, except at base and apex; middle and hind ones yellow to brown, paler above and behind; tibiae and tarsi yellow, hairs and bristles black. Wings hyaline; veins yellow; R 2+3 slightly sinuate. Abdomen black, with grayish pollen; segment one with coarse black pile laterally; pile of other segments finer, usually yellow, often more or less black, longest on, segment two; segment one with pilose areas shin- ing; two to four shining except laterally and more or less at base, especially on the more posterior segments; five, six and all of venter pollinose. Venter without protuberances. Hypopygium short, appearing somewhat angular below; upper lamellae as long as hypopygium, twice as long as wide, elliptical, finely pubescent; aedeagus short, thick, flattened on basal half, when exserted, di- rected dorsally and forward to about apex of 1 segment six, strongly contracted and recurved at tip; genitalia variably yellow to brown. Length, 6 mm. Female. Similar except sexually. Front as wide as ocellar triangle; occipitals less abundant; pile and bristles of thorax and abdomen shorter; genitalia shining black. Holotype, male, Boulder, Colo., May 5, 1934 (James) ; author’s collection. Allotopotype, female, Boulder, Colo., May 25, 1933 (James). Paratopotypes, 27 males, 14 females, Boulder, Colo., May 22, 1932 (James), May 28, 1933 (James), May 5 and 12, 1934 (James), May 25, 1938 (James), May 14, 1939 (Lanham). Paratypes: 2 males, 1 female, Valmont, Colo., April 29, 1934 (M. and H. James) ; 10 males, 5 miles north of Boulder, Colo., May 9, 1939 (Rodeck and Lanham) ; 2 males, 4 miles northwest of Hygiene, Colo., May 15, 1937 (Lanham) ; 1 male, Colo. 2091, Foothills 6 miles west of Ft. Collins, May 4, 1896 (Gillette) ; 5 males, 2 females, Colo., 1853, Horsetooth Gulch, April 23, 1895 (Gillette). OCT., 1942] WOODBURY. SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY ^55 NOTES ON MIGRATIONS OF THE PAINTED LADY BUTTERFLY IN 1941 BY ANGUS M. WOODBURY, JOHN W. SUGDEN AND CLYDE GILLETTE Salt Lake City, Utah Dispersal flights of the Painted Lady or Thistle Butterfly, Vanessa cardui (L.) passing northward through Utah have been reported by J. W. Sugden (Pan-Pac. Ent., 13:109-110) for the years 1924, 1930, 1931, and 1935. C. B. Williams (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 31:219-223) summarized available knowledge of their movements up to 1938. Dr. Charles H. Abbot of the Univer- sity of Redlands, California, reported (Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 22 :13) that a March-April, 1941, Painted Lady Butterfly migration in California “proved to be of smaller numbers and shorter dura- tion than the more conspicuous migrations of 1924 and 1926.” Extensive flights of these butterflies during April and May, 1941, in several western states, particularly Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, California and New Mexico have either been ob- served by the writers or reported to them by other observers. Professor Victor E. Jones of the University of Idaho at Poca- tello reported that a student of his had first noted the Painted Ladies in northward movement on April 19. If so, they may have passed through Utah without being noted. Woodbury first noted these butterflies in upper Houserock Valley, Arizona, near the Utah line on April 26. On the next day, April 27, about ten A.M., he found them in northeastward flight about ten miles south of Escalante, Garfield County, Utah. The butterflies were flying low, mostly between two and six feet above the ground, but occasionally higher or lower. They tended to hold a constant level abovei the surface, but obstacles or depressions seemed to require some adjustment. Upon ap- proaching a ledgje or rise in the ground, a butterfly would often fly almost into it before turning its course to avoid it. Upon approaching a depression such as a wash, one would tend to soar off into space a short distance before adjusting its course downward to find the ground that suddenly dropped away. The general course of flight was about northeast roughly par- alleling the foot of the Aquarius Plateau which rises to the north and west of the valley about three to four thousand feet. But- terflies were watched as they approached a south-facing ledge 166 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [v0L.XVIII,N0.4 about 20-30 feet high that partly barred the way. Many of the butterflies, upon reaching the ledge, turned eastward along its face until they found a way around or over it, when they imme- diately resumed the northeasterly direction. They were also watched as they approached a deep wash draining easterly. It was about 100 feet wide at top, 20 feet deep and 30 feet wide at bottom. Coming over the edge, they dropped downward and usually reached bottom about at the foot of the north bank, where they turned and followed eastward along the bank some distance before ascending it and resuming the northeasterly direction. The butterflies came mostly one or two at a time but occa- sionally were seen in threes, fours or even fives. There was a breeze from the northeast and they were heading' directly into it. They appeared to fly almost constantly at a rate of about 20 miles per hour (measured by automobile speedometer when paralleling them in flight), but this seems to have been a little faster than visual estimates yielded in other places. The alti- tude ranged between five and six thousand feet and air tempera- tures were about 62° to 64° F. Two sample counts were taken to get estimates of numbers. One on a, 30-foot front yielded 192 butterflies in 15 minutes. The other on a 100-foot front yielded 200 butterflies in six minutes. When reduced to comparable figures they averaged about 38 butterflies per minute on a 100-foot front, or about 2000 per minute on a mile front. Investigation indicated that they were moving forward on an area at least five miles wide, but how much wider was not de- termined. It was estimated that, during the five hours of observa- tion, approximately 3,000,000 butterflies passed by on the five- mile front. How long the movement continued was not de- termined. Even though a vast majority of the butterflies were on the move in the same direction, a few individuals were observed loitering along the way. A rain of the previous day had left puddles here and there which seemed to attract occasional indi- viduals to stop at the puddle edges as if to drink. The 1 loiterer behavior was usually distinguishable from that of the migrant. After leaving Escalante about three P.M., no butterflies were seen at any place in Escalante Canyon nor at any place going down the canyon toward Widtsoe on the west side of the plateau. OCT., 1942] WOODBURY, SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY J 57 Air temperatures were much lower than at Escalante. Watch was kept for butterflies fromi Widtsoe to Salt Lake City (250 miles) but none were seen. It was late in the afternoon and they might not have been flying if present. Fig. 1. Map showing observed emigrations of the Painted Lady Butterfly in the western states during 1941. Oft the same date, April 27, 1941, Dr. V. M. Tanner (Great Basin Nat. 2:104) encountered large numbers of the Painted Lady Butterflies in northward migration between Kanarra, Iron County, and Anderson’s Ranch, Washington County, Utah. From 168 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XVIII, NO. 4 Hurricane to St. George, many were seen flitting about but were not noted in emigrational flight. The next day, April 28, Gillette left Salt Lake City for an ex- tended trip through Utah, Arizona, California^ and Nevada. Painted Lady Butterflies were first observed at Nephi, Juab County, about 90 miles to the south about ten a.m. when air temperatures were rapidly rising. They were as usual flying one or two at a time (sometimes more) close to the ground in a northerly direction turning only to avoid obstacles. They were noted flying| in the) same general northerly direction while the observer was traveling southward all the way from Nephi to Cedar City, nearly 200 miles. They were especially numerous about 12-15 miles southwest of Kanosh, Millard County, where a stop was made to collect specimens and estimate numbers in movement. As a result of counting it was calculated on the average that 75 butterflies per minute crossed the road within a distance at which the butterflies would be visible. This agrees in a general way with the estimates made at Escalante the previous day. At Cedar City, butterflies were observed from the evening of April 28 to the morning of April 30. Thefy were in northward flight during the warm part of the day, but the flight appeared to cease in late afternoon and did not resume until mid-morning the next day. During the resting period, they were observed sit- ting) on flowers (dandelions, etc.) or sipping water from stream edges. On the morning of April 30, no butterflies were seen between Cedar City and Toquerville but it is almost certain that those passing through Cedar City on the previous day must have come that way (the route w^here they were observed by Tanner on April 27). Going eastward from Toqfierville through Zion Canyon, none were seen until the canyon was passed, but they were picked up again on the plateau to the east and were ob- served all the way through Kanab, Utah and Fredonia, Arizona, to the Kaibab Forest. Here the butterflies thinned out a great deal, but nevertheless a few were passing northward through the open coniferous forest (Ponderosa Pine) on the Kaibab Plateau, despite the fact that there was still some snow left among the trees. The butterflies were passing between the tree trunks near the ground as usual and not above the tops of the trees. OCT., 1942] WOODBURY, SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY ^59 From the east foot of the Kaibab Plateau across Houserock Valley to Marble Canyon Bridge spanning the Colorado River and on to Cameron, butterflies were observed all the way, but they appeared to be most numerous at the river near Marble Canyon Bridge. Here was a peculiar condition. The butterflies were flying north, which course took them across the top of the narrow Marble Canyon Gorge. By looking with field glasses down into the gorge from; the bridge, it was noted that many but- terflies were flying up the gorge in a direction somewhat north of east. The next day, May 1, a trip was taken from the south rim of Grand Canyon, down the Bright Angel Trail to the Colorado River in the bottom of the canyon. Butterflies were not noticed in the early morning, but by the time the river was reached, they were noted going northward down the steep slopes! toward the river, as usual keeping close to the ground. At the river, many of them were noted turning upi stream as if following up the gorge. Returning to the south rim in the afternoon, the observer met many butterflies coming down the slopes. On May 2, butterflies were noted nearly all the way from Grand Canyon southward through Cameron, Williams, Ashfork, Prescott, and Wickenburg to Phoenix, Arizona. The altitude dropped steadily from near 7000 feet at Flagstaff' to near 1000 feet at Phoenix, but still the butterflies were moving in regular fashion. At Phoenix, on May 3, most of the butterflies looked fresh and bright colored and did not seem to be battered, worn or frayed on wing tips. More butterflies were observed the next day, May 4, in travel- ing from Phoenix, Arizona, to the California border at Blythe near the Colorado River, but they tended to decrease in numbers westward toward the river and but few were noted between Blythe and Los Angeles on the coast. During several days’ stay in Los Angeles, no butterflies were observed in transit, and it was not until Baker, California, was reached on May 9, on the return journey to Salt Lakei City that they were again encountered in northward flight. From Baker to Las Vegas, Nevada, they were observed in movement, but from there to Cedar City, Utah, darkness overtook the travelers and no butterflies were observed. 170 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 At Cedar City, May 10, Gillette found the Painted Lady But- terflies still numerous and) many of them still following the regu- lar northward route. In contrast with the Phoenix butterflies which seemed fresh and active, many of those at Cedar City on this date were frayed and worn and looked old and shabby. During late afternoon travel to Salt Lake City, the butterflies were noted during the first part of the journey, but as •' afternoon faded into evening, no more were observed. On April 30, the day Gillette went from Cedar City to Grand Canyon, Tanner found the butterflies in northward movement over Mormon Mesa between Bunkerville and Overton, Clarke County, Nevada. During the next few days (May 1-3) he ob- served them around Lake Mead but not in dispersal flight. On May 1, the date Gillette was in Grand Canyon, two of Woodbury’s students (Harold Higgins and Robert Pendleton) left Salt Lake City for Price, Utah (120 miles) to spend the week-end. Northward moving butterflies were observed through Lehi, Provo and Springville to the mouth of Spanish Fork Canyon. Going up the canyon eastward through the mountains 30 miles to Soldier Summit, they found the butterflies scarce, although some were seen in the vicinity of Thistle that might have come down a tributary canyon from the south. Beyond Soldier Summit (east of the mountains) in Colorado River drainage, the butterflies were again encountered, especi- ally in the open country from there to the head of Price River Canyon. None were observed in the canyon itself, but at Price, beyond the mouth of the canyon, they were again numerous and were observed on successive days until May 4, when the boys returned to Salt Lake City. On April 30 and May 1, the days Gillette was along the Colo- rado River, Sugden 1 observed them for the first time this year in Salt Lake City. They were not numerous but occasional indi- viduals were seen. On May 2, Woodbury observed them in con- siderable numbers crossing the road which runs westward from Garfield to Grantsville, moving northward from Tooele Valley toward Great Salt Lake. They were noted at the same place on later trips over the same road on May ; 8, 9, and 10. By far the greater numbers were moving on May 8, and the numbers ap- peared to decrease on May 9 and 10. By May 13, when the next trip was taken, the flight seemed to have abated and only indi- viduals indicating resident behavior were observed. An addi- OCT., 1942] WOODBURY, SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY ]_71 tional observation was made by Woodbury on May 5 when but- terflies were observed moving northward along the east side of Great Salt Lake near the west foot of the Wasatch Mountains in the vicinity of Farmington. Sugden also observed Painted Lady Butterflies in Salt Lake City every day from May 2 to 10. His notes indicate that they tended to increase slowly in numbers up to May 8 and then rapidly declined, which agrees closely with Woodbury’s observa- tions in Tooele Valley. Hei records that they were! not too com- mon on May 6, fairly common on May 7, more numerus on May 8, and not as numerous but with scattered butterflies about the city on May 10. When they were so numerous on May 8, he found them all the way east of the city up to the foot of the Wasatch Mountains, but did not find them in the narrow part of Parley’s Canyon in the mountains. The flight here was typical of its flight elsewhere, most of them between two and ten feet above ground, flying generally northward, but varying somewhat northeast or northwest, or even east or west, but not directly south. On May 9, Professor Jones personally observed them at Poca- tello, Idaho, in northward flight. He commented that there were Several Vanessa car ye, West Coast Lady, mixed with Vanessa cardui. He also remarked that the weather had been so cold, blustery and stormy that it was doubtful if they could travel very far. On May 11, Sugden made a trip from Salt Lake City west- ward through Grantsville to Wendover on the Utah-Nevada state line over U. S. highway 40, thence southward about 75 miles through Gold Hill to Fish Springs, Juab County, Utah, and northeastward back home to Salt Lake City. The butterflies were probably not flying when he passed through Grantsville (early morning) and he did not note any. Farther west and later in the morning, they were noted from time to time in northward move- ment until Wendover was reached, where they were still flying. An automobile which had presumably come from the west was observed to have many butterflies caught in the radiator, some fresh and others in various stages of drying, which led to the inference that butterfly movements were probably occurring somewhere in Nevada. Butterflies were also noted in northward movement during the 172 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [voL.XVIII,NO. 4 trip southward to Fish Springs as well as on the return journey. It was noted, however, that at no place on the trip were moving butterflies very numerous when compared with the numbers ob- served in Salt Lake City on May 8. This region, however, borders the Great Salt Desert,, an area of extreme drought and almost devoidj of vegetation. Additional data about the flight were obtained from Mr. H. W. Pickett who reported meeting a heavy flight between Santa- quin, Utah County, and Nephi, Juab County, on May 5. They were especially numerous in the fields where “clouds” of butter- flies passing across the road from one field to another so smeared his windshield that he had to have them scraped off. The next day, May 6, he encountered them again in San Pete Valley in the vicinity of Ephraim. Further evidence of the widespread nature of the flight comes from a University of Utah field trip under the leadership of Wm. H. Behle and S. D. Durrant, on which butterflies were en- countered on the Beaver Dam Wash in extreme southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona on May 3, 4, 5, and 6. The butterflies were estimated to occur at intervals of 20 to 30 feet apart. Additional evidence comes from Colorado. Victor F. Lotrich of the Colorado State Museum reports the following: “On May 10 and 11, 1941, we noticed a migration of the painted lady along a front extending from Denver, Colorado, to Colorado Springs, Colorado. They were passing from the West in an east- erly direction. The flight was against a stiff wind, and the but- terflies flew low, seemingly in groups, although many individuals were noticed. On May 10th, the flight was continuous with the butterfly visible at all times. On May 11th the flight was scatter- ing, but still was apparent along the front given above. In Colo- rado Springs a group of apple trees in bloom was watched. The painted lady stopped for a brief pause, seemingly to refresh it- self, and then continued on its eastern journey.” “June 12, 1941, Nepesta, Colorado. We noticed the thistles and sunflowers, which due to much moisture were in profusion and growing rank in uncultivated areas. These plants had from one to several caterpillars each. It appeared to us that the migration of May 10 ended here, and that the painted lady flew to the exten- sive feeding found in the favorable soil provided by the wet cli- mate of this spring. Further east along the Arkansas River the caterpillars were apparently absent.” OCT., 1942] WOODBURY, SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY ^73 Paul J. Klingenburg of the Soil Conservation Service located at Phoenix, Arizona, writes: “My casual observation was that it was not abundant at Tucson or up the Santa Cruz Valley to the Mexican border. Dr. H. G. Johnston, Arizona State Extension Entomologist, tells me that the first occurrence of the migration was at Yuma with the direction of flight being generally northeast. Distribution was widespread in the Salt River Valley.” J. R. Eyer of State College, New Mexico, reported: “I did observe large numbers of Painted Lady Butterflies, ex- ceedingly abundant in the vicinity of Las Cruces, quite early in the spring, probably the latter part of April. These specimens for the most! part were rather battered and rubbed, indicating either migration or that they had over-wintered here since last fall. They were feeding on early blooming members of the thistle family and on California Poppy. Owing to the fact that these were observed in the foothills of the Organ Mountains and on the desert between these mountains and Alamogordo, and due to the fact that they were feeding, I did not think of the flight as a par- ticular migration, this species being rather abundant here each spring. However, the numbers were sufficiently large this spring to have accounted for such phenomena.” Prof. Wm. J. Koster of the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque noted during the last two weeks of May that but- terflies were exceedingly numerous around the blooming rabbit- brush ( Chrysothamnus ) on the local “mesa” near the University. This information appears to establish the Painted Lady But- terfly in northward dispersal flights in 1941 from March to mid- May on a front at least 800 miles wide, perhaps 1000, and trav- eling northward at least from Yuma, Arizona (near the Mexican border), to Pocatello, Idaho, about 700 miles. This need not necessarily imply that it was one continuous flight. It probably consisted of many parallel or tandem groups. The evidence seems to indicate that the butterflies were more or less split by mountain chains although there is some indica- tion that they do under some conditions pass over mountains or high plateaus. Gillette found them passing through the Kaibab Forest (8000 feet) in northern Arizona. Higgins and Pendleton found them on the high areas near Soldier Summit. Victor 1 Lot- rich found them going over a high mountain pass (Monarch 174 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL.XVIII,N0.4 Pass, 11,386 feet) in Colorado on August 20, 1935, which he describes as follows: “They were flying' (westerly) in the general direction of Gun- nison, Colorado. On the western slope, the! butterfly was in count- less numbers, and we watched them pass for two hours in a steady stream. The day was calm and balmy, the flight rapid, the butterfly visible from; the ground to the tops of the trees. On the eastern slope the flight was slow going upwards toward the pass, and the butterfly was not grouped.” It seems possible that they may have come up from the south and have been squeezed between the main Rockies of the conti- nental divide and the Sangre de Cristo Range where the two con- verge. It also seems possible that to get out of the funnel, they found an outlet over Monarch Pass into the Colorado Basin near Gunnison. In some cases, they seem to have avoided deep canyons, espe- cially those that cross their path, e.g.. Parley’s Canyon (Sugden), Spanish Fork Canyon (Higgjins and Pendleton) and Zion Canyon ( Gillette) . In other cases, deep canyons appear to be used as passageways, especially if the butterflies are not too much de- flected from their course, e.g.. Marble Canyon (Gillette), washes and ledges near Escalante (Woodbury). Dry deserts, such as the flat wastes of the Great Salt Desert, do not block their pas- sage and extensive water, such as Great Salt Lake, does not pre- vent their crossing as Sugden has observed them in other years not only on Antelope Island but also on Hat Island, far out in the lake. The butterfly mode of travel seems to have a characteristic pattern, being more active during the warm parts of the day, slowing down in late afternoon and stopping altogether at night. This is probably conducive to inadequate observation since trav- eler is indistinguishable from loiterer except when in actual flight. The observations, e.g., in New Mexico, of large numbers of loitering individuals do not prove dispersal flights ; they merely indicate potential dispersal. The origin and destination of the butterflies are not exactly clear from the evidence available but certain supplemental data give clues of some significance. On June 14, Woodbury noted that thistles on the north end of Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, bore caterpillars of the Painted Lady Butterfly. On June 22, OCT., 1942] WOODBURY, SUGDEN, GILLETTE— PAINTED LADY ^75 Sugden found similar caterpillars on thistles at Murray and on the summit between Emigration and Parley’s canyons, all within a few miles of Salt Lake City. Similarly Gillette found cater- pillars on| thistles in Salt Lake City and Woodbury found them still active on thistles high in Parley’s Canyon on July 18. These observations are supplemented by those of Lotrich at Nepesta, Colorado, already reported. It has been noted in all these observations, that nearly every thistle plant observed had been infested with the caterpillars. In contrast with tent caterpillars, which live in social groups (child families) and feed together on the same leaves (social terri- tory), the Painted Lady caterpillars are solitary and have indi- vidual territories, each one usually consisting; of a single spiny leaf, the edges of which are loosely rolled together and held in cylindrical form by silken threads. The caterpillar hides in; this rolled leaf near the base (petiole) during the day and goes foraging over the leaf at night. The number of caterpillars per plant varied considerably, Ranging from one per plant to one per large leaf of the plant. The observations indicate that nearly every plant was quite thoroughly utilized, and barring interference by natural controls should produce a large crop of new butterflies. Presumably the eg'gs must) have been laid as the adults passed by in their north- ward dispersal, which would provide a method by which widely dispersed host plants could be utilized on a grand scale. Sugden noted near Murray on June 29 that many of the caterpillars were nearing maturity, some had left their rolled tubular leaves and one had reached the stage of pupation. On the same day, he noted that three caterpillars placed in a' breed- ing cage on June 22 had pupated. Another caterpillar was suc- cessfully followed through pupation. It had, on the afternoon of July 1, attached itself by the posterior extremity. By next morning it had transformed into a pupa, very dark in color with yellow ventral spines. By July 3, the pupa had so faded that it was much lighter in color which continued until July 10, when the butterfly emerged. When liberated, it went directly to some nearby Delphiniums (Larkspur) where it continued feeding rapidly for a half hour before flying away. The time required for larval development was not accurately determined, but may be estimated. Assuming that the first eggs 176 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [voL.XVIII,N0.4 were laid in late April and the first pupation in late June, it then follows that under late spring and early summer tempera- tures, it takes about 60 days for egg| and larval development and ten days for pupation. This would indicate at least 70 (possibly 90) days for the production of a new* generation. If these figures are accurate, they would seem to indicate a new midsummer generation in July or August. This raises two questions: What became of the parents who laid the eggs, and what is to become of the new generation? Since no records of southward return movements seem to have been recorded (as with the Monarch Butterfly) , it seems reasonable to assume that the first generation of emigrants moving northward laid their eggs en route and finished their life cycle, after which they perished along the way. If it is true that they do not make southward movements, then the new generation is destined to remain where they are or move northward in late summer as indicated, for example, by Lotrich’s observation of movement over Monarch Pass on August 20, 1935. Could it be possible that large areas of Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico act as reservoirs from which secular periodic out- breaks of large numbers of butterflies produce such population pressure that the northward movement takes place? If so, the Peason for always taking the same direction (northward) is not clear. At any rate, it offers an outlet for some of the surplus population, where they find 1 new host plants and raise new gen- erations. Why the new generations do not persist in the new ter- ritory is also not clear, and appears to need further investigation. The extent of the movements) is so vast and the problems so great that the study of butterfly migration majy need more in- tensive study than cursory and accidental observations/ can pro- vide. Some responsible agency with adequate facilities should undertake more detailed investigations designed to establish the fundamental principles of such dispersal movements. This agency should be of national or international scope, such as the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Research, or the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The person or persons assigned to the problem should have airplane and automobile facilities and permission to enter Mexico and Canada and should be free to follow the movements from origin to destination much as the duck fly ways are now followed. oct., 1942] SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA 177 SOME COLLEMBOLA RECORDS FOR THE PACIFIC COAST AND A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES DAVID B. SCOTT, JR. Portland, Oregon This paper covers collection records of Collembola by the author during the past six years. The records for Oregon are incomplete but should be enlarged upon later when it is hoped that a more complete survey of Pacific Coast Collembola may be presented. The springtail fauna of California, Oregon, and Washington is remarkably varied, extending from more or less subtropical forms to subarctic species. Literature on the Pacific Slope species is limited principally to papers by Schott, Bacon, Mills, Folsom, and a previous one by this author. An attempt has been made to include a fairly complete bibliography pertinent to the Collembola of this region. The taxonomic system adopted here generally follows that employed by Borner (1905) and Mills (1934). Suborder ARTHROPLEONA Family PODURIDAE Subfamily ACHORUTINAE Achorutes armatus (Nicolet) 1841. Taken under boards, in moss, on stagnant water, on decaying oranges, and in green- houses. California: Altadena, Jan.-Mar. ; Montebello, Mar.; Santa Ana Canyon, Nov. ; Oxnard, November. Achorutes pseudarmatus Folsom 1916. Taken in gills of mush- rooms and in moss and leaves. California: Altadena, Feb.; Washington: Snoqualmie Pass, May; Mt. Rainier, July; Wenatchee, May. Achorutes brevis pinus Harvey 1893. Under weed piles. Cali- fornia: Artesia, April. Xenylla welchi Folsom 1916. On rain pools. Oregon: Portland, March. 178 the pan-pacific entomologist [VOL. xviii, no.4 Subfamily neanurinae T ribe Pseiudaohorutini Odontella ewingi Folsom 1916 (= Xenylla helena Scott 1987). Taken in fungus growth under bark of dead alder. This species, erroneously ascribed by the author in a previous paper to the genus Xenylla, was later discovered to be syn- onymous with the above. California: AngJeles Crest, Los Angeles County, March. Tribe Neianurini Morulina gigantea (Tullberg) 1876. In damp leaves under ferns. The definite record of this species at this time verifies several predictions that this very large Collembolan occurs in the Pacific Northwest. The only genuine record thus farl for the Pacific Coast had been made by Folsom in Alaska. Ore- gon: Portland, May 15. Neanura muscorum (Templeton) 1835. In damp leaves. Calir fornia: Arroyo Seco, March and November. Subfamily on Y CH iURiNAE Onychiurus fimetarius (Linnaeus) 1767. In damp leaves and in greenhouses. California: Altadena, Jan.-Mar. ; Montebello, March. Onychiurus armatus (Tullberg) 1869. In moss and damp leaves. Washington: Tacoma, April. Onychiurus cocklei (Folsom) 1908. In deep moss and under stones. Washington: Mt. Rainier, July. Tullbergia iowensis Mills 1932. Under damp boards. Oregon: Linnton, March. Tullbergia collis Bacon 1914. Taken in deeply buried debris under rocks. California: Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County), March. Family Entomobryidae Subfamily ISOTOMINAE Folsomia guthrei (Linnaniemi) 1912. In damp leaves. Califor- nia: Altadena, February. oct., 1942] SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA 179 Folsomia fimetaria (Linnaeus) 1758. On underground drain water. California: Altadena, January. Agrenia bidenticulata (Tullberg) 1876. Taken in only one lo- cality in damp moss at 6000 feet altitude. Washington: Stemilt Creek (Chelan County), June. Proisotoma immersa (Folsom) 1924. Under damp bark. Cali- fornia: Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County), April. Proisotoma aquae (Bacon) 1914. On rain pools, in damp moss, and in leaves. California: Altadena, Jan.-Feb.; San Pedro, Feb.; Ontario, Oct.; San Antonio Canyon, Nov.; Santa Ana Canyon, Nov. Oregon: Portland, Feb. -March. Proisotoma rainieri Folsom 1937. On surface of snow. Wash- ington: Mt. Rainier, August. Isotomurus palustris (Muller) 1776. On stagnant water. Cali- fornia: Altadena, Feb. -March. Isotoma ( Vertagopus ) drier ea (Nicolet) 1841. In pine needles. Washington: Blewett Pass, May. Isotoma ( Vertagopus ) arborea (Linnaeus) 1758. Taken under the loose bark of dead pine trees. California: Summit of Mt. Diablo (Contra Costa County), March. Isotoma ( Pseudisotoma ) sensibilis Tullberg 1876. Under damp bark and in moss. California: Mt. Hamilton, Feb. Oregon: Portland, Feb. -March. Washington: Stehekin Valley, Sept.; Tacoma, April. Isotoma viridis Bourlet 1839. Taken under the bark of trees, under boards and rocks, in leaves and moss, and in green- houses. California: Altadena, Jan.; Idyllwild, Mar.; Santa Ana Canyon, Nov.; Mt. Wilson, Oct.-Nov. ; Montebello, Mar. Washington: Wenatchee, May; Rock Island, November. Isotoma viridis Bourlet var. delta Macgillivray 1896. Under bark of dead pine. California: San Antonio Canyon, November. Isotoma viridis Bourlet var. catena Guthrie 1903. In damp leaves. Washington: Blewett Pass, May. Isotoma gelida Folsom 1937. Under rocks along river banks and in moss. Oregon: Portland, February. Washington: Wenatchee, October. Isotoma olivacea Tullberg 1871. In moss. Washington: Mt. Rainier, August. 180 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 Subfamily entomobryinae Tribe Entom,Obryini Sinella curviseta Brook 1882. Under damp bark. California: Stanford University, February. Sinella hofti Schaffer 1890. On surface of underground drain water. California: Altadena, January. Sinella binoculata (Schott) 1896. Under logs and rotten wood. California: Madrone Hot Springs, April; Stanford Univer- sity, Oct.; Altadena, Mar.; Mt. Wilson, November. Sinella sexoculata (Schott) 1896. Under damp bark. Califor- nia: San Antonio Canyon, Feb.-Nov. ; Arroyo Seco, Jan.- Mar. Washington: Tacoma, April. Entomobrya cyanica Scott, new species (Figs. 1-3) Color: Entirely a cyanic blue except for lemon-yellow tibio- tarsi, a striking yellow dorso-lateral saddle on mesonotum, and unpigmented dentes. The anterior and posterior margins, of head also tend to be tinged with yellow. Antennae (fig. 3) robust, about 3 times the length of head. Segments in relative lengths as 4:14:16:18. Body thickly clothed with clavate hairs. Eyes — 16. Unguis (fig. 1) typically entomobryan with a pair of basal lateral teeth and] two or sometimes three pairs of inner teeth. Unguilicus unarmed. Tenent hair slightly longer than unguis. Dentes about one-fifth longer than manubrium. The coarse dorsal crenulations on dentes end at a distance from apex of about 3 times the length of mucrones. Mucrones (fig. 2) with two teeth and a basal spine. Length, 1.5 mm. This species is so distinct in coloration that no comparison is possible with any forms known to the author. Taken under the bark of dead alder in March. Only five specimens were found over a five-year period. Type specimens are in the author’s col- lection until such a time as they can be placed in the Califor- nia Academy of Sciences. Type locality: Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles County, California. Entomobrya multifasciata (Tullberg) 1871. In damp leaves, in moss, and under bark. California: Mt. Diablo, Jan.-Mar. ; Stanford University, Jan.; Altadena, Jan.-June; San Antonio Canyon, Feb.; Artesia, Mar. Oregon: Portland, Mar.; Trout- dale, February. oct., 1942] SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA 181 Figures 1-3, Entomobrya, cyanica Scott, n. sp.: 1, left forefoot; 2, right mucro; 3, antenna. Figures 4-6, Sminthurides ( Denisi - ella ) sexpinnatus Denis: 4, antenna; 5, left forefoot; 6, right mucro. Figures 7-9, Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus) : 7, antenna; 8, right mucro; 9, right midfoot. 182 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [V0L.XVIII,N0.4 Entomobrya marginata (Tullberg) 1871. In moss and under logs. Washington: Tacoma, April; Blewett Pass, May; We- natchee, May- June. Entomobrya griseo-olivata (Packard) 1873. Under logs. Wash- ington: Blewett Pass, May. Entomobrya clitellaria Guthrie 1903. On stagnant water, under bark, and in damp leaves. California: Altadena, Feb.; Stan- ford University, Jan.; San Pedro, March. Entomobrya purpurascens (Packard) 1872. Inside chili peppers attacked by pepper weevils and under strawberry vines, moss, and leaves. California: Artesia, Oct.; Downey, July; San Pedro, April. Oregon: Portland, Feb. Washington: We- natchee, April. Entomobrya suzannae Scott 1937. Taken under bark of damp, rotten logs. California: Alpine Creek, Nov.; Stevens Creek (Santa Cruz Mts. ), Dec.; Calaveras Reservoir, February. Entomobrya atrocincta Schott 1896. In damp leaves. Washing- ton: Pullman, April. Entomobrya washingtonia Mills 1935. Taken under damp bark, in dead leaves, in moss, and under rocks. California: San Antonio Canyon, Feb.; Arroyo Seco, Feb.; Calaveras Res. (Santa Clara County), Feb. Oregon: Portland, Feb. Wash- ington: Tacoma, April; Wenatchee, May; Stehekin Valley, July. Drepanura calif ornica Schott 1891. Under damp bark. Califor- nia: Altadena, Jan.; Arroyo Seco, Jan.; Madrone Hot Springs, April. Sira domeslica (Nicolet) 1841. Taken in dry surroundings un- der bark of trees and in leaves. California: Stanford Univ., Nov.-April; Altadena, June. Sira buski Lubbock 1869. Under damp leaves. Washington: Wenatchee, May-September. Lepidocyrtus curvicollis Bourlet 1839. In moss. Oregon: Port- land, February. Lepidocyrtus purpureus Lubbock 1873. In damp leaves. Cali- fornia: Altadena, Jan. -Mar. Washington: Stehekin Valley, July. Lepidocyrtus cyaneus Tullberg var. cinereus Folsom 1924. In moss. Oregon: Portland, January. Pseudosinella octopunctata Borner 1901. In damp leaves. Cali- fornia: Santa Ana Canyon, November. oct., 1942] SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA 183 Pseudosinella sexoculata Schott 1902. Under damp bark and manure. California: Altadena, Jan.-Mar. Washington: We- natchee, September. Pseudosinella decemoculata (Guthrie) 1903. Under leaves and in damp wood frass. California: Altadena, Jan.-Mar.; Ar- royo Seco, Jan.-March. Pseudosinella violenta (Folsom) 1924. In damp leaves and soil. California: Altadena, Oct.-March. Tribe Orcheseillini Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus) 1758. (Figs. 7-9) . In moss. Ore- gon: Portland, January. Subfamily TOMOCERINAE Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg) 1871. In leaves, under damp boards, and under bark. California: Alpine Creek (Santa Cruz Mts.) , April and October. Washington: Wenatchee, June and October. Tomocerus flavescens (Tullberg) 1871. Under damp bark. Cali- fornia: Alpine Creek (Santa Cruz Mts.), April. Oregon: Portland, January. Tomocerus flavescens (Tullberg) var. americanus Schott 1896. In moss, under bark, and under rocks. California: Arroyo Seco, Mar. Washington: Stemilt Creek, July; Mt. Rainier, Aug.; Rock Island, Oct.; Stehekin Valley, July-October; Blewett Pass, May. Tomocerus flavescens (Tullberg) var. arcticus Schott 1894. In moss and under bark. California: Madrone Hot Springs, April. Oregon: Portland, Feb. Washington: Wenatchee, May; Rock Island, Oct.; Mt. Rainier, Aug.; Tacoma, April. Tomocerus bidentatus Folsom 1913. Under bark of redwood stumps. California: Big Basin (Santa Cruz Mts.), February. Suborder SYMPHYPLEONA Family Sminthuridae Subfamily SMITHURIDINAE Sminthurides ( Denisiella ) sexpinnatus Denis 1931. (Figs. 4-6) . This unusual species has never been previously recorded in 184 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [v0L.XVIII,N0.4 North America. The colors of the specimens at hand vary somewhat from Denis’ description. Taken on the surface of still, clear water of fish ponds. California: Altadena, March. Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg) 1871. Taken under damp bark of dead trees. Not common. California: Stanford Univ., Feb.; Altadena, February. Sminthurinus aureus (Lubbock) 1862. In moss and on stagnant water. California: Arroyo Seco, Feb.; Altadena, February. Sminthurinus elegans (Fitch) 1863. This species, so well de- scribed by Folsom (1934), is probably the same referred to by Gervais and Lubbock asi S. hourletii. It was taken on the surface of stagnant water and in damp leaves. California: Altadena, Dec.-Mar. ; Santa Ana Canyon, November. Sminthurinus niger (Lubbock) 1867. In damp leaves and under damp bark. California: Big Basin, Feb.; Altadena, March. Sminthurinus quadrimaculatus (Ryder) 1879. Under damp boards. California: Altadena, February. Sminthurinus remotus (Folsom) 1896. On stagnant water. Cali- fornia: Altadena, Feb. -March. Subfamily SMINTHURINAE Bourletiella hortensis (Fitch) 1863. On stagnant water. Cali- fornia: Altadena, March. Sminthurus fuscus (Linnaeus) 1746. Under damp boards, under bark, and in damp leaves. California: Altadena, Jan.; Santa Ana Canyon, Nov.; San Antonio Canyon, December. Subfamily DICYRTOMINAE Ptenothrix maculosa (Schott) 1891. A very common species in damp situations such as under boards, damp leaves, moss, in gills of mushrooms, and on the surface of stagnant water. California: Altadena, Dec.-Mar.; Alpine Creek, Dec.; Stan- ford Univ., Dec.; Mt. Wilson, Nov.; San Antonio Canyon, Nov. Oregon: Portland, Feb. -March. Ptenothrix olympia (MacGillivray) 1894. Taken in damp moss and pine needles. California: Stanford Univ., Dec. Oregon: Portland, Feb. -April. Washington: Tacoma, April; Blewett Pass, May. Ptenothrix vittata (Folsom) 1896. On flower pots in green- houses. California: Montebello, March. oct., 1942] SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA 185 References Bacon, Gertrude A. 1914. Distribution of Collembola in the Clare- mont-Laguna Region of California. Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent. Zool. 6:137-184. Borner, Carl. 1901. liber einige Theilweise neue Collembolen aus de Hohlen der Gegend von Letmathe in Westfalen. Zool. Anz. 24:33-345. 1905. Das System der Collembolen. Mitt. Nat. Hist. Mus. Ham- burg. 23:147-188. Bourlet, Abbe. 1839. Memoire sur les Podures. Mem. Soc. Sci. Agr. Lille. Pt. 1. 377-417. Brook, Geo. 1882. Revision of the Genus Entomobr'ya. Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool. 17:270-288. Denis, J. R. 1931. Collemboles de Costa Rica avec une contribu- tion aux especes de Tordre. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agri. R. Inst. Super. Agri. Portici. 25:69-171. Fitch, A. 1863. Eighth report on the Noxious and other Insects of the State of New York. 668-675. Folsom, J. W. 1896. Two New Species of Papirius. Can. Ent. 28:119-121. 1908. The Golden Snow Flea, Aphorura cocklei, n. sp. Can. Ent. 40:199-201. 1913. North American Springtails of the Subfamily Tomoceri- nae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 46:451-472. 1916. North American Collembolous Insects of the Subfamilies Achorutinae, Neanurinae, and Podurinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 50:477-525. 1917. North American Collembolous Insects of the Subfamily Onychiurinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 53:637-659. 1924. New Species of Collembola from New York State. Amer. Mus. Nov. No. 108. 1-12. 1934. Redescriptions of North American Sminthuridae. Iowa St. Coll. Jour. Sci. 8:461-511. 1937. Nearctic Collembola or Springtails of the Family Isoto- midae. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bui. 168. Folsom, J. W. and Mills, H. B. 1938. Contribution to the knowl- edge of the Genus Sminthurides Borner. Bui. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 82:231-274. Guthrie, J. E. 1903. The Collembola of Minnesota. Rept. Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. Minn. Zool. Ser. 4:1-110. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae. Ed. 10. Vol. 1, Holmiae. 1767. Systema Naturae. Ed. 12. Vol. 1:2, Holmiae. Linnaniemi, W. M. 1912. Die Apterygotenfauna Finlands. II Spe- zieller Teil. Acta. Soc. Sci. Fenn. 40(5) :1-361. 186 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL.XVIII,N0.4 Lubbock, J. 1862. Notes on the Thysanura. Pt. II. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 23:589-601. 1867. Notes on the Thysanura. Pt. III. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- don. 26:295-304. 1869. Notes on the Thysanura. Pt. IV. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- don. 27:277-297. 1873. Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. Ray Soci- ety. London. MacGillivray, A. D. 1894. North American Thysanura. Pt. V. Can. Ent. 26:105-110. 1896. The American Species of Isotoma. Can. Ent. 28:47-58. Mills, H. B. 1932. New and Rare North American Collembola. Iowa St. Coll. Jour. Sci. 6:263-276. 1933. Collembola from the State of Washington. Pan-Pacific Ent. 9:77-83. 1934. Collembola of Iowa. Collegiate Press, Ames, Iowa. 1935. New Collembola from Western North America. Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc. 30:133-141. Muller, Otto F. 1776. Zooligiae Danicae prodromus. 183-184. Havniae. Nicolet, H. 1841. Recherches pour servir a PHistoire des Podu- relles. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helvet. Sci. Nat. 6:1-88. Packard, A. S. Jr. 1873. Synopsis of the Thysanura of Essex Co., Mass. 5th Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci. for 1872. 23-51. Rydetr, J. A. 1879. Description of a New Species of Smynthurus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 30:335. Schott, H. 1891. Beitrage zur Kenntnis Kalifornischer Collembola. Bih. K. Sven. Vet-Akad. Handl. Afd. 4. 17(8) :l-25. 1894. Zur Systematik und Verbreitung palearctischer Collem- bola. Bih. K. Sven. Vet-Akad. Handl. 25 (11) :l-400. 1896. North American Apterygogenea. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2)6:169-196. 1902. Collemboles du Nord. Bih. K. Sven. Akad. Handl. 28(2) : 1-48. Schaffer, C. 1896. Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg. Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg. 13:149-216. Scott, D. B. Jr. 1937. Collembola found under the Bark of Dead Trees in California. Pan-Pac. Ent. 13: 131-135. Shoebotham, J. W. 1917. Notes on Collembola. Pt. 4. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)19:114. Templeton, R. 1835. Thysanurae Hibernicae. Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 1:89-98. Tullberg, T. 1871. Forteckning ofver Svenska Podurider. Ofv. K. Vet-Akad. Forh. 28:143-155. 1872. Sveriges Podurider. Bih. K. Sven. Vet-Akad. Handl. 10(10) :l-70. 1876. Collembola Borealia. Ofv. K. Vet-Akad. Forh. 33:23-42. oct., 1942] SCULLEN— CERCERIS 187 NOTES ON SYNONYMY IN THE GENUS CERCERIS— I (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) BY HERMAN A. SCULLEN Oregon State College, Corvallis 1 During the summer of 1940 the writer spent some time study- ing the types of the g'enus Cerceris i at the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, the American Museum of Natural History, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the United States National Museum and the University of Nebraska. As it will be some time before the writer will be in a position to publish a review of the genus 2 , on which he is working, it was thought best to call attention to certain synonyms which became evident as a result of the above type studies. Cerceris macrosticta Viereck and Cockerell Cerceris macrosticta Viereck and Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII: 133 (1904), $. New Mexico. A. N. S. Philadelphia type 10381. Cerceris ampla Banks, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., V:16 (1912), 2, $. Fedor, Lee County, Texas (Birkman). M. C. Z. type 13769. C. hebes Cameron (1890) appears to be very close to C. ma- crostica V. and C., but the illustration of the hypopygium of the former does not agree with the hypopygium of the latter. Cerceris desert a Say Cerceris deserta Say, Long’s Exped., II, App., p. 344 (1924), $. North West Territory, Mo., Pa. Type lost. Cerceris fulvipes Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., V:126 (1865), 2. Dela. (Dr. Wilson); 111. (Dr. Lewis). A. N. S. P. type 1941.1. Cerceris fulvipedicidata Schletterer, Zool. Jahrb. 11:492 (1887). (Name preoccupied by C. fidvipes Eversmann, 1849, Russia). In the absence of a type the author is accepting the species recognized as C. deserta by E. T. Cresson, Sr., as the correct form. For some! time we have been inclined to believe C. fulvi- pediculata was the female of C. deserta because they are almost always taken at the salme time and place. The color pattern is very similar. A mated pair taken] by J. R. Malloch at Medicine 1 These investigations are financed largely by grants from the General Re- search Council, Oregon State System of Higher Education. Published with the approval of the Monographs Publication Committee, Oregon State College. Re- search paper No’. 63, School of Science, Department of Entomology. 2 Additional material belonging to the genera Cerceris and Eucerceris, es- pecially from the southwest and Mexico, will be most welcome for study. 188 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST £vOL XVIII NO 4? Hat, Alberta, was recently received with material from the Na- tional Museum. The male was a typical C. deserta and the female a typical C. fidvipediculata. Cerceris morata Cresson Cerceris morata Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV :230 (1872), 2. Texas (Belfrage). A. N. S. P. type 1944. Cerceris nasica Viereck and Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII: 132 (1904), 2. New Mexico (F. H. Snow). A. N. S. P. type 10382. Cerceris platyrhina Viereck' and Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII:133 (1904), 2- Fillmore Canon, Organ Mountains, N. M., August 29 (Cockerell). A. N. S. P. type 10384. There are some slight differences in size, form and shade of color but these are all well within the range of variation com- mon to species of this g|enus. Cerceris prominens Banks Cerceris jmominens Banks, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., V:19 (1912), 2, 8. Falls Church, Va., Sept, and October. M. C. Z. type 13790. Cerceris alaope Banks, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., V:22 (1912), 8, 2- Falls Church, Va., 5 June, on Ceanothus. M. C. Z. type 13784. The male assigned to this species by Banks appears to be very close to those usually considered clypeata Dahlbom. If this male is the true male of prominens Banks it cannot be satisfactorily separated from males of the former species by the author with- out more careful study. Cerceris convergens Viereck and Cockerell Cerceris convergens Viereck and Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII :136 (1904), 2- Alamogordo, N. M., May 13, 1902 (Vie- reck). A. N. S. P. type 10376. Cerceris rinconis Viereck and Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII: 137 (1904), 2. Rincon, N. M., July 5, at flowers of Chilopsis saligna. A. N. S. P. type 10386. Cerceris pudorosa Mickel, Univ. Neb. Studies, XVII :338 (1917), 2, 8. Auburn, California, September 20, 1916 (L. Bhuner). Types at Univ. Neb. After having studied a large series of this species from many parts of the west the author is convinced these are all the same. Cerceris serripes (Fabricius) Vespa serripes Fabricius, Species Insectorum, 1:464 (1781), 8. America borealis. Type in British Museum, oct., 1942] SCULLEN— CERCERIS 189 Cerceris bicornuta Guerin, Iconogr. regn. anim., VII: 443 (1845), No. 3, $ . New Orleans. Type in British Museum. Cerceris dufouHi Guerin, Iconogr. regn. anim., VII:443 (1845), No. 4, $ . New Orleans, Louisiana. Type probably in British Museum. Cerceris Venator Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., V:116 (1865), $. New York (Angus) ; New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Cresson) ; Illinois (Dr. Lewis) ; Kansas (Dr. Wilson) ; Louisiana (Ken- nicott) . A. N. S. P. type 1937.1. Cerceris bicornuta Cresson, Rept. geogr. and geol. Explor. and Survey, w. 100th meridian, V:717 (1875). Cerceris serripes Bequaert, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., XXIII: 62 (1928), No. 43. Credit for calling attention to the above synonymy should go to Cresson (1875) and Bequaert (1928). It was thought best, however, to bring this all together in one place at this time. Cerceris clypeata Dahlbom Cerceris clypeata Dahlbom, Hymen. Eur., 1:221 and 500 (1845), $ , $ . America. Types in Zoological Institutionen, Lund, Sweden. During the year 1931 the author had some correspondence with Dr. N. A. Kemner, Entomologist with the above Zoological Institutionen, for the purpose of verifying his determinations of C. clypeata Dahlbom. From Dr. Kemner’s letters it would ap- pear that this well-known species may be incorrectly named. Under date of February 12, 1931, Dr. Kemner wrote: “ * * * we have the types of Cerceris clypeata^ Dahlbom here in the Museum. We have two good specimens from South Carolina and if you send us specimens of your collection we will compare them with the types.” A series of specimens representing C. clypeata Dahlbom as recognized by American workers was sent to Sweden for com- parison. Under date of June 8, 1931, Dr. Kemner replied: “I have now compared your specimens of Cerceris clypeata Dahlbom with the types in the Dahlbom collection here, and have found that they are different species. The clypeal margin and the hair lobes in the male are quite different and' also the clypeal process of the female.” Recognizing the) confusion that would result if it became nec- essary to change the name of such a well-known species, the author felt it would first be desirable to secure more specific information. An additional shipment of specimens was sent for 190 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL.XVIII,N0.4 comparison. From that date on, the author has been unable to get a reply from Dr. Kemner or to have the loaned specimens returned. It is the hope of the author that circumstances some- time will make it possible for some worker to clear up the ques- tion relative to Cerceris clypeata Dahlbom. However, until more positive information on the identification of the true species is at hand, the writer will continue to accept the name C. clypeata Dahlbom for the species commonly so recognized. A NEW APTEROUS ARADID FROM AUSTRALIA (Hemiptera) BY CARL J. DRAKE Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa In a recent number of this Journal (Vol. XVII, p. 179, 1941), Dr. R. L. Usinger erected the genus Chelonoderus for stylatus, new species, from Australia. The present paper contains the description of a second member of this genus from Australia. Chelonoderus hackeri Drake, new species Apterous, large, elongate-obovate, broadly truncate behind (fe- male), tumescent areas rather densely covered with thick, short, brownish, tomentose hairs, bottoms of depressions or pits largely smooth and without vestiture, also parts of seme of the tumid areas. Head long, very broad through eyes, there the width and length subequak strongly narrowed behind eyes, the median longi- tudinal portion rather broad, raised, tumid and convex; eyes ex- serted, ovate in outline, thei stalk obliquely raised, produced behind hind margin of eyes for about one-half the longitudinal diameter of an eye, there tubercular-like and the hind margin! sharply nar- rowed inwardly to main stalk; juga broad, strongly produced an- teriorly, their tips turned inwardly and contiguous, thus forming a small notch at apex and enclosing a small; open space in front of tylus; antenniferous tubercles very thick, long, divergent, bluntly rounded at apices, not quite reaching middle of first anten- nal segment. Antennae subequal to head in length, brownish black, sparsely clothed with short, thick, inconspicuous, appressed hairs; segment I slightly curved outwardly, strongly thickened on distal half; IV pyriform, the tip brown and rather densely clothed with long, fine, straight, golden hairs; proportions: I, 216; II, 14; III, 19; IV, 16. Rostrum brownish, nearly reaching) apex of sulcus (base of head). Bucculae thick, blackish, swollen apically. Pronotum broadly depressed in the middle anteriorly, with a oct., 1942] DRAKE— APTEROUS ARADIDAE 191 rather wide, median, longitudinal ridge on hind lobe; a small somewhat circular, tumid area on each side of this ridge; outer margins considerably swollen, the antero-lateral protuberances prominent, turned a little forward and obliquely upward, broadly rounded, extending laterally a little farther than eyes; collar dis- tinct, narrow, ridge-like in form. Mesonotum distinctly wider and about two-thirds as long as pronotum, the outer angles slightly bent upward, protruding, bluntly rounded, and distinctly shorter than median longitudinal line of mesonotum; median, longitudinal area broad, convex, distinctly raised and widened posteriorly; a large, prominent, somewhat semi-globose tubercle on each side of central area. Metanotum subequal to pronotum in length, enclosed along! outer margins by connexivum, the median portion becoming broader and very strongly raised posteriorly; very strongly de- pressed on each side of median area; a very large, high, promi- nent, somewhat knobbed-like protuberances arising from the cen- tral part of each lateral disc and projecting upward; a very deep, large, transverse pit in front and behind each protuberance, the anterior pit larger, deeper and includes part of hind portion of pronotum; hind margin of metanotum abruptly widened and not depressed within. Abdomen with median, longitudinal area raised, broad, convex; each tergite in general with four depressed areas or pits on each side: — namely, an elongate pit on side of median, raised area, a very large, circular pit near middle of lateral lobe and two much! smaller pits near outer border. Connexivum broad, rugose, the outer margin sinuate; last segment without large de- pressions but with four rather large tubercular-like protuberances. Venter rugose and tomentose. Legs brownish black, sparsely clothed with thickened, yellowish brown, tomentose hairs. Length: 10.20-11.50 mm.; width, 4.50-5.20 mm. Type, female, Montville, Australia, January, 1913, H. Hacker; and paratype, female, Buderim Mountains, Australia, June 4, 1912, H. Hacker, in Drake Collection. This species is named in honorl of the collector who has spent a great deal of time studying and collecting Australian Hemip- tera. C. hackeri differs from stylatus Usinger by not having the sixth and seventh segments of the abdomen distinctly lobulate laterally, shorter antenniferous tubercles, tuberculate lateral mar- gins of pronotum, and the small, post-ocular tubercle. Some of the thick, tomentose hairs apparently have been rubbed off in both the type and paratype of C. hackeri. The entire “Hacker Collection” of Hemiptera, which contains many rare and undescribed species from Australia, has been purchased by the author and is now incorporated as a part of his private collection. 192 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL.XVHI,N0.4 A NEW SPECIES OF CALLIDIUM FROM THE COAST REDWOOD, SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) BY E. GORTON LINSLEY University of California Callidium sempervirens Linsley, new species Male: Form oblong; color dark green, sometimes with a bluish caste; pubescence erect, black. Head coarsely, densely punctate, clothed with erect black hairs; antennae nearly three-fourths as long as body, scape very robust, at least twice as long a& broad, distinctly excavated in front, second segment about half as long as scape, less than half as long as third segment, segments two to four incrassate at apex. Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, narrower than elytra at base, sides broadly rounded ; disk coarsely, closely, deeply punctate, without an amphora-like impression, lat- eral areas more deeply, rugoso-punctate; prosternum coarsely, deeply punctate, with an obtusely angulate smooth area before coxae and a similarly sculptured band along anterior margin. Elytra about twice as long as broad, about three times as long as pronotum, sides subparallel; surface coarsely, deeply punctate, pubescence short, suberect, black; apices obtusely rounded. Legs with femora very strongly clavate; tibiae slightly arcuate; poste- rior tarsi with first segment longer than following two together. Abdomen black; sternites finely punctate and pubescent, shining; fifth sternite shorter than fourth; apex broadly emarginate. Length, 10-12 mm. Female. Antennae barely more than half as long as body, scape more slender; prosternum shining, finely, transversely rugulose; femora less strongly clavate; abdomen with fifth sternite longer thaii fourth, broadly rounded at apex. Length, 11-12 mm. Holotype, male, No. 5218, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., allotype, female, No. 5219, and three male and one female paratypes, from Santa Cruz, California, March 22, 1936, reared from the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, by Mr. J. W. Tilden. An addi- tional paratype, male, was collected by the writer on a redwood stump near Chabot Observatory, Oakland, California, on April 7, 1926. Two paratypes are in the collection of Mr. Tilden, the remainder in the collection of the writer (deposited iff the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences). This species is related to Callidium sequarium Fisher and C. calif ornicum Casey but differs from both in the green coloration, heavy antennae and legs, and the transverse pronotum which is nearly twice as wide as long. Superficially it is suggestive of C. antennatum Newman but may be distinguished at once by the absence of the amphora-like pronotal impression, the sculptur- ing of the prosternum of the male, the color, etc. oct., 1942] INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII* 193 Acanthasargus flavipes, 51. gracilis, 51. palustris, 51. varipes, 51. Achorutes armatus, 177. brevispinus, 177. pseudarmatus, 177. Acmaeodera barri, 114. ephedrae, 113. Acroneuria delta, 72. obscura, 72. pacifica, 72. pumila, 72. Adamson, A. M., Trinidad, 42. Aedes cinereus, 80. hirsuteron, 79. idahoensis, 80. increpitus, 79. intrudens, 78. pullatus, 78. spenceri, 79. Agapostemon c. vandykei, 137. Agrenia bidenticulata, 179. Amphibicorisae, 95. Amphorophora nabali, 143. osborni, 143. Anabrus simplex, 5. Ancyloscelis, key, 109. maculifera, 111. Andrena, note, Bohart, 39. Yosemite species, 137. Anisembia rubra, 40. Anopheles pseudopunctipen- nis, 82. Anthophora ignava, 28. p. infernalis, 28. p. pacifica, 28. Anthophoridae, 28, 108. Aonidiella aurantii, 82. Aphididae, 143. Apoidea, 28, 29, 39, 74, 108, 115, 119, 127, 136. Aradidae, 83, 190. Aradus ampliatus, 83. apicalis, 84. behrensi, 84. blaisdelli, 85. cinnamomeus, 86. compressus, 85. debilis, 85. falleni, 86. funestus, 85. fuscomaculatus, 84. heidemanni, 86. linsleyi, 84. lugubris, 85. medioxinfus, 85. orbiculus, 86. patibulus, 84. proboscideus, 84. Armitage, H. M., Pyrausta, 39. Arrhopalites caecus, 184. Arthropleona, 177. Atyphloceras, key, 89. echis, male, 87. Barr, W. F., Acmaeodera, 113. Beamer, R. H., Dorycephalus, 135. Bembicidae, 4. Berisargus, 53. Blackwelder, R. E., Fenyes, 17. Blaisdell, F. E., Hopping, 1. Bohart, G. E., Polistes, 30. Mexico, 38. Andrena, 39. Lower California, 47. Micralictoides, 119. Bohart, R. M., Odynerus, 145. Bombomelecta pacifica, 138. Bombus edwardsii, 29. vosnesenskii, 29, 139. Bourletiella hortensis, 184. Buprestidae, 113. Callidium antennatum, 192. sempervirens, 192. Capnia decepta, 64. elevata, 64. jewetti, 63. melia, 61. nana, 66. oregona, 63. tumida, 65. umpqua, 65. Centipeds, 125. Cerambycidae, 192. Ceratina a. submaritima, 139. n. rigdenae, 139. punctigena, 139. Cerceris alaope, 188. ampla, 187. bicornuta, 188. clypeata, 188, 189. convergens, 188. deserta, 187. dufourii, 189. fulvipediculata, 187. fulvipes, 187. hebes, 187. macrosticta, 187. morata, 188. * New names in bold face type, synonyms in italics. 194 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vol.XVIII,N0.4 ( Cerceris — continued) nasica, 188. platyrhina, 188. prominens, 188. pudorosa, 188. rinconis, 188. serripes, 188. Venator, 189. Chamberlin, R. V., Centipeds, 125. Chelonoderus hackeri, 190. Chelostoma phaceliae, 29. Chelostomopsis rubifloris, 138. Chlorion laeviventris, 4. Cicadellidae, 135. Cicindela f . gibsoni, 132. Cleridae, 97. Cockerell, T. D. A., Bees, 136. Coleoptera, 113, 132, 192. Collembola, 177. Cope, 0. B., Psocoptera, 39. Cosmobaris scoparia, 40. Ctenophthalmus formosanus, 133. Culex erythrothorax, 81. pipiens, 80. salinarius, 81. territans, 80. Dahl, R. G., Cicindela, 132. Dasymutilla Ursula, 89. Dendroctonus monticolae, 97. Dicyrtominae, 184. Dipedia, 109. Diptera, 23, 49, 77, 163. Dorycephalus sinuatus, 135. Drake, C. J., Aradidae, 190. Drepanura californica, 182. Dufoureidae, 28. Duncan, C. D., Termites, 43. Embioptera, Biology, 38, 40. Empis montiradicis, 163. Enoclerus sphegeus, 97. Entomobrya atrocincta, 182. clitellaria, 182. cyanica, 180. griseo-olivata, 182. marginata, 182. multifasciata, 180. purpurascens, 182. suzannae, 182. washingtonia, 182. Eremopasites californica, 131. Erynnis lacustra, 8. Essig, E. O., Economic ent., 48. Red scale, 82. Euaraba tergata, 6. Eumacronychia elita, 6. Eumenidae, 27. Euryophthalmus c. californi- cus, 43. Euxesta anna, 25. brookmani, 24. Felt, E. P., Gall insects, 22. Fenyes, A., Entomological work, 17 . Ferris, G. F., Ectoparasites, 40. Folsomia fimetaria, 179. guthrei, 178. Frison, T. H., Stoneflies, 9, 61. Gerhardt, P., Euryophthalmus, 42. Gerridae, 95. Gillette, Clyde, Vanessa, 165. Gnathopasites, 130. Good, N. E., Atyphloceras, 87. Gynembia tarsalis, 40. Halictus, Yosemite species, 137. Harriot, S. G., Otitidae, 23. Harris, H. M., Hebrus, 124. Laporte’s Essai, 161. Hebridae, 95, 124. Hebroveliidae, 95. Helophilus latifrons, 6. Hemiptera, 83, 90, 124, 155, 160, 190. Hesperiidae, 26, 29. Homoptera, 135, 143. Hoplitis a. maura, 29. Hopping, G. W., Hopping, R., 2. Hopping, R., Obituary, 1. Hsiao, T. Y., Miridae, 160. Husbands, Lygus studies, 43. Hydrometridae, 95. Hylaeus verticalis, 136. Hymenoptera, 4, 27, 30, 74, 108, 115, 119, 127, 136, 139, 187. Inocellia, biology, 40. Isocapnia abbreviata, 71. crinita, 69. fumigata, 70. fumosa, 70. grandis, 69. Isotoma arborea, 179. cinerea, 179. gelida, 179. olivacea, 179. sensibilis, 179. viridis, 179. v. catena, 179. v. delta, 179. Isotomurus palustris, 179. James, M. T., Empis, 163. Myxosargini, 49. Knowlton, G. F., Aphididae, 143. Krombein, K. V., Tipbia, 139. Lamiman, J., Tarsonemid mite, 45. oct., 1942] INDEX 195 Laporte, F. L., Essai date, 161. La Rivers, Ira, Stictiella, 4. Leech, H. B., Mutillidae, 89. Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, 182. c. cinereus, 182. purpureus, 182. Lepidoptera, 8, 26, 29, 165. Lejotergatis, 109. Leptochilus, 145. Lerodea euf ala, 26. Linsley, E. G., Aradidae, 83. Callidium, 192. Lassen Hymenoptera, 27. Parasitic bees, 127. Tiphia, 154. Lcpidea oregona, 160. Macrovelia hornii, 90. Macroveliidae, 91. Mansfield, G. S., Lerodea, 26. Martin, J. 0., Hydrometridae, 46. Masaridae, 27. McCracken, I., Book notice, 22. McKinstry, A. P., Amphibicori- sae, 46. Megacbile blaisdelli, 117. boharti, 74. cochisiana, 116. dentitarsus, 116. felipiana, 118. frigida, 116. hilata, 117. inimica, 118. instita, 76. inyoensis, 117. legalis, 74. morio, 118. nigropinguis, 118. nivalis, 115. pruina, 118. redlandica, 117. relativa, 115. s. angelica, 117. vidua, 116. Megaleuctra complicata, 14. kincaidi, 15. spectabilis, 14. stigmata, 14. Melanochroa dubia, 52. Membracidae, Bohart, 38. Mesoveliidae, 95. Mezira pacifica, reducta, 86. Michelbacher, A. E., Tomato mite, 45. Michener, C. D., Ancyloscelis, 108. Entomology 49, 43. Lassen Hymenoptera, 27. Pogonomyrmex californica, 38. Tiphia, 154. Micralictoides, key, 120. altadenae, 123. mojavensis, 120. ruficaudus, 121. Micropasites cressoni, 130. Mimulapis v. rufiventris, 28. Miridae, 160. Mitchell, T. B., Megachilidae, 74, 115. Morulina gigantea, 178. Mosquito records, Utah, 77. Mutillidae, 89. Myxosargus, keys, 57 ; pilosus, 59. p. guatemalae, 60. Neanura muscorum, 178. Nemoura decepta, 113. producta, 11. pseudoproducta, 11. tuberculata, 11. Neopasites, 127. Nomada erythraea, 138, Nomadopsis a.nthidius, 28. Nomenclature, 42, 144. Nothomyia, key, 53, nigra, 55. Nympbalidae, 8. Ochloaes yuma, 29. Odontella ewingi, 178. Odontopasites arizonicus, 128. Odynerus, key, 146. det'ormiceps, 153. mfuscipennis, 147. Lassen species, 27. martini, 149. platyeerus, 153. russatus, 150. russipes, 152. tetralobus, 148. Oligotoma nigra, 40. Onychiurus armatus, 178. cocklei, 178. fimetarius, 178. Orchesella cincta, 183. Oreopasites v. diabloensis, 28. v. melantha, 28. Osmia, Yosemite records, 138. Ostomatidae, 97. Otitidae, 23. Otostigmus cooperi, 126. Pachymeria, key, 163. Pacific Coast Ent. Society, 31. Painted Lady migrations, 165. Panurginus, 138. Pearce, spiders with Neotoma, 42. Pediculoides ventricosus, 102. Phycoptes destructor, 45. Phyllophaga errans, 154. Pleocoptera, 9, 61. Pleocoma, Tilden, 39. 196 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL.XVIII,N0.4 Poduridae, 177. Pogonomyrmex californica, 38. Polistes, Biology, 30. Polyctenidae, 41. Potts, R. H. L., Mexico, 46. Proisotoma aquae, 179. immersa, 179. rainieri, 179. Prosopochrysa vitripennis, 50. Pselliodes cavincola, 126. harveyi, 125. nigrovittata, 125. Pseudachorutini, 178. Pseudomasaris, Lassen species, 27. Pseudosinella decemoculata, 183. octopunctata, 182. sexoculata, 183. violenta, 183. Psithyrus crawfordi, 29, 139. Psocoptera, morphology, 39. Psyllidae, Galls, 38. Ptenothrix maculosa, 184. olympia, 184. vittata, 184. Pyrausta nubilialis from China, 39. Pyrrhocoridae, 42. Red Scale, 82. Rees, D. M., Mosquito records, 77. Reeves, Wm., Encephalitis sur- vey, 42. Rhaphididae, 40. Rhaphiocerina hakiensis, 51. Ross, E. S., Embioptera, 40. Sapyga, Lassen species, 28. Sarcophaga tuberosa, 6. Scolytidae, 97. Scott, D. B., Collembola, 177. Scullen, H. A., Cerceris, 187. Sinella binoculata, 180. curviseta, 180. hofti, 180. sexoculata, 180. Siphonaptera, 41, 87, 133. Sirabuski, 182. domestica, 182. Sminthurides sexpinnatus, 183. Sminthurinus aureus, 184. elegans, 184. niger, 184. quadrimaculatus, 184. remotus, 184. Sminthurus fuscus, 184. Smith, Ray, alfalfa butterfly, 46. Sphecidae, 187. Sphecodes, 136. Stelis rubi, 28. Stenodynerus, 145. Stewart, M. A., Flea phylogeny, 41. Stictiella pulla, 4. Stoneflies, 9, 61. Stratiomyidae, 49. Strepsiptera, 30. Struble, G. R., Beetle predators, 97. Sugden, J. W., Vanessa, 165. Svihla, R. D., Ctenophthalmus, 133. Symphypleona, 183. Taeniopteryx contorta, 10. kincaidi, 9. ray norm, 9. Tanner, V. M., 42. Temnochila virescens, biology, 97. Termitaphididae, synopsis, 158. Termitaradus, key, 158. insular is, 159. Thanasinus lecontei, 98. Thrips and Ceratinidbees, 38. Tilden, J. W., Erynnis, 8; Lero- dea, 26; Ochlodes, 29; Ple- ocoma, 39. Ting, Peter, Cosmobaris, 40. Tiphia shastensis, 139, 154. Tomocerus bidentatus, 183. flavescens, 183. f. americanus, 183. f. arcticus, 183. vulgaris, 183. Townsendiella, 130. Trichopasites insoletus, 127. Trichopoda pennipes, 43. Tritoxa, key, ra, 23. Tullbergia collis, 178. iowensis, 178. Udamocercia, 15. Usinger, R. L., Aradidae, 83. Ectoparasitic Hemiptera, 41. Inocellia, 40; Psocids, 45. Termitaphididae, 155. Van Dyke, E. C., Collecting, 43. Distribution, 47. Obituary, R. Hopping, 1. Vanessa cardui, 26, 165; caryae, 26. Veliidae, 95. Vespidae, 30. Wind, R. G., Collecting, 42. Woodbury, A. M., Vanessa, 165. Xenos peckii, 30. Xenylla helena, 178; welchi, 177. Xeromegachile, 74. Xeropasites rufiventris, 130. Xylocopa orpifex, 139. Zootermopsis, 43. THE Pan-Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences VOLUME EIGHTEEN 1942 R. L. USINGER, Editor E. C. VAN DYKE, Associate Editor E. S. ROSS, Assistant Editor E. R. LEACH, Treasurer PUBLICATION COMMITTEE 1942 1943 1944 E. G. Linsley C. D. Duncan G. F. Ferris F. E. Blaisdeli H. H. Keifer E. O. Essig, Chairman San Francisco, California 1942 11 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII American Commission on Scientific Nomenclature in Ento- mology 144 Barr, W. F. A new species of Acmaeodera from Southern California.... 113 Beamer, R. H. A new species of Dorycephalus 135 Blackwelder, R. E. The entomological work of Adalbert Fenyes 17 Blaisdell, F. E. and E, C. Van Dyke Ralph Hopping 1 Bohart, G. E. Notes on some feeding and hibernation habits of Califor- nia Polistes 30 A synopsis of the genus Micralictoides 119 Bohart, R. M. An analysis of the Odynerus congressus group of the sub- genus Leptochilus 145 Chamberlin, R. V. Two new centipeds from the Chilibrillo Caves, Panama.... 125 Cockerell, T. D. A. Collecting wild bees in the Yosemite 136 Dahl, R. G. The taxonomic status of Cicindela formosa subspecies gib- soni W. J. Brown 132 Drake, C. J. A new apterous Aradid from Australia 190 Essig, E. O'. Red scale out-of-doors in Berkeley, California 82 Frison, T. H. Descriptions, records and systematic notes concerning western North American Stoneflies 9 and 61 Good, N. E. Key to the males of the genus Atyphloceras with a descrip- tion of the male of Atyphloceras echis 87 Harriot, S. C. A new species of Otitidae from California 23 Harris, H. M. Hebrus Curtis antedates Naeogeus Laporte 124 On the date of publication of Laporte’s Essai 161 Ill Hsiao, Tsai-yu A new Mirid from Oregon 160 James, M. T. A review of the Myxosargini 49 A new Empis of the subgenus Pachymeria 163 Knowlton, G. F. Amphorophora osborni 143 Krombein, K. V. A new species of Tiphia from California 139 La Rivers, Ira Notes on the Bembicid, Stictiella pulla (Handlirsch) 4 Leech, H. B. Female Mutillids eating butter 89 Linsley, E. G. Notes and descriptions of some North American parasitic bees .... 127 A new species of Callidium from the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens 192 Linsley, E. G. and C. D. Michener Notes on some Hymenoptera from the vicinity of Mt. Lassen, California 27 Biology of Tiphia shastensis 154 Linsley, E. G. and R. L. Usinger Notes on some flat bugs from the vicinity) of Mt. Lassen, California 83 McCracken, I. Book notice — Gall Insects by E. P. Felt 22 McKinstry, A. P. A new family of Hemiptera-Heteroptera proposed for Macrovelia homii Uhler 90 Michener, C. D. North American bees of the genus Ancyloscelis 108 Mitchell, T. B. Two Mexican species of Xeromegachile 74 Notes and descriptions of nearctio Megachile 115 Pacific Coast Entomological Society Articles of Incorporation 31 By-laws 32 Proceedings for 1941 38 Rees, D. M. Supplementary list of mosquito records from Utah 77 IV \ Scott, D. B. Some Collembola records for the Pacific Coast and a description of a new species 177 Scullen, H. A. Notes on synonymy in the genus Cerceris — 1 187 Struble, G. R. Biology of two native coleopterous predators of the moun- tain pine beetle in sugar pine 97 Svihla, R. D. A new Ctenophthalmus from Formosa 133 Tilden, J. W. Erynnis lacustra (Wright) from near the type locality ... 8 An unusual record of Ochlodes yuma (Edwards) 29 Tilden, J. W. and G. S. Mansfield A capture of Lerodea eufala Edwards at light 26 Usinger, R. L. Revision of the Termitaphididae 155 Woodbury, A. M., J. W. Sugden and C. Gillette Notes on migrations of the painted lady butterfly in 1941 165 MAILING DATES FOR 1942 NUMBERS No. 1, February 19, 1942; No. 2, April 29, 1942; No. 3, July 30, 1942; No. 4, October 31, 1942. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA An International Review of Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. 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