GIFT OF WASH. ACADEMY" JP 3CIENC. PROCEEDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. VI, PP. 333-427. JANUARY 31, 1905, PAPERS FROM THE HOPKINS-STANFORD GALAPAGOS EXPEDITION, 1898-1899. XVII. SHORE FISHES OF THE REVILLAGIGEDO, CLIP- PERTON, COCOS AND GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. BY ROBERT EVANS SNODGRASS AND EDMUND HELLER. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL INDEX. R = Revillagigedo, Cl = CHpperton, C = Cocos, G = Galapagos, (A) = American, (W) = Western Pacific, (C) = wide ranging or cosmopolitan. PAGE. Introduction 333 Branchiostomidse 342 1. Branchiostoma elongatum. G, (A) 342 Galeidae 342 2. Galeocerdo tigrinuS. G, (W) 342 3. Carcharias galapagensis. G 343 4. Carcharias platyrhynchus. R, Cl, (A) 344 5. Tricenodon obesus. C, (W) 344 Sphjrnidae 345 6. Sphyrna tudes. G, (C) 345 Rhinobatidae 345 7. Rhinobatus planiceps. G, (A) 345 Dasyatidae 345 8. Dasyatis longa. G, (A) 345 Mobulidae 346 9. Mania birostris. G, (A) 346 Ophichthyidae 346 10. Myrichthys pantostigmius. R 346 11. Ophichthus triserialis. G, (A) 347 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January 31, 1905. (333) 334 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Muraenidae 347 12. Rabula mormorea. G 347 13. Gymnothorax pictus. R, (W) ... 347 14. Gymnothorax chlevastes. G . 347 15. Gymnothorax dovii. G, (A) .... 348 16. Murcena insularum. G 348 17* Murcsna lentiginosa. G 348 18. Echidna nocturna. R, (A) 348 Clupeidae 348 19. Clupanodon liber tatis. G, (A) 348 Chauliodontidae . . • 348 20. Zalarges lucetius. G, (A) , 348 Hemirhamphidae 349 21. Hyporhamphus roberti. G, (A) 349 22. Hemirampkus saltator. G, (A ) 350 23. Euleptoramphus longirostris. G. (W) 350 Exocoetidae 351 24. Evolantia microptera. G, (W) 351 25. Exoccetus volitans. R, (C) 3151 26. Exonautes speculiger. (C) 3152 27. Cypsilurus xenopterus. R, (A) 352 28. Cypilurus cyanopterus. G, (A) 3152 Mugilidae 352 29. Mugil cephalus. G, (C) • • . . 352 30. Mugil thoburni. G, (A) 353 31. Mugil cur ema. R, (A) 353 32. Mugil setosus. R, (A) 353 33. Chcenomugil proboscidens. R, (A) 3154 34. Querimana harengus. G, (A) 354 Sphjraenidae 354 35. Sphyrcena idiastes. G 354 Holocentridae 354 36. Myripristis occidentalis. C, G, (A) 354 37. Myripristis clarionensis. R 356 38. Myripristis murdjan. C, G, (W) 356 39. Holotrachys lima. C, (W) 358 40. Holocentrus suborbitalis. R, C, G, (A) 360 Mullidae 360 41. Pseudupenens dentatus. R, (A) 360 Scombridae 360 42. Scomber japonicus. G, (C) 360 43. Gymnosarda pelamis. R, G, (C) 360 44. Thunmis thynnus. G, (C) 361 45. Germo alalunga. (C) 361 46. Scomberomorns sierra. G, (A) 361 Carangidae 362 47. Elagatis bipinnulatus. (C) 362 48. Decapterus scombrinus. G 362 49. TracJnirus symmetricus. G, (A) 363 SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 335 50. Trachurops crumenophthalma. R, (A) 364 51. Zalocys stilbe. R 364 52. Caranx caballus. G, (A) 364 53. Caranx marginatus. R, (A) 364 54. Caranx latus. G, (C) 364 55. Caranx lugubris. R, (C) 365 56. Caranx melampygus. R, C, G, (W) 365 57. Caranx orthogrammus. R 365 Coryphaenidae 365 58. Coryphcena hippurus. (C) 365 59. Coryphcena equisetis. R, (C) 366 Nomeidae 366 60. Gobiomorus gronovii. (C) 366 Kuhliidae 366 61. Kuhlia tceniura. R, C, G, (W) 366 Apogonichthyidae 367 62. Amia atradorsata. C, G 367 63. Amia atricauda. R 367 64. Galeagra pammelas. G 367 Serranidse . 367 65. Rpinephelus analogus. R, G, (A) 367 66. Epinephelus labriformis. R, Cl, C, G, (A) 367 67. Dermatolepis punctatus. R, C, G, (A) 368 68. Mycteroperca xenarcha. G, (A) 368 69. Mycteroperca olfax. C, G, (A) 368 70. Mycteroperca ruberrima. G 370 71. Cratinus agassizii. G •. . . . 370 72. Paralabrax albomaculatus. G 370 73. Prionodes fasciatus. R, G, P, (A) 372 74. Prionodes stilbostigma. G 372 75. Paranthias furcifer. R, G, (A) ... 372 76. Pronotogramimis multifasciatus, R, C, (A) 373 77. Rypticus bicolor. G 373 Priacanthidae 373 78. Priacanthus cruentatus. R, C, G, (A) 373 .Lutianidae 374 79. Lutianus -viridis. R, C, G, (Tres Marias Ids.) 374 So. Lutianus j or dani. C, (A) 375 81. Lutianus argentiventris. C, G, (A) 375 82. Xenocysjessice. G 375 83. Xenichthys agassizi. G , 376 Haemulidae 376 84. Anisotremus surinamensis. G, (A) 376 85. Anisotremus interruptus. R, (A) 377 86. Anisotremus scapularis. C, G, (A) 377 87. Orthopristis forbesi. G 377 88. Orthopristis lethopristis. G 378 89. Ortkopristis ckalceus. G, (A) 379 90. Orthopristis cantharinus. G 379 336 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Sparidae 379 91. Calamus taurinus. G, (A) 379 92. Archosargus pourtalesii. G 380 Gerridae 380 93. Rucinostomus dovui. G, (A) 380 94. Xystcema cinereum. G, (A) 382 Kyphosidae 382 95 . Doydixodon freminvillei. G 382 96. Kyphosus analog-us. R, (A) 384 97. Kyphosus elegans. R, C, G, (A) 384 98. Kyphosus lutescens. R 384 Sciaenidae 384 99. Corvula eurymesops. G 384 100. Scicena perissa. G 381; 101. Umbrina galapagorum. G 385 Cirrhitidae 385 102. Cirrhitus rivulatus. R, G, (A) 385 Pomacentridae 385 103. Azurina eupalama. G 385 104. Pomacentrus leucorus. R, C, G 387 165. Pomacentrus redemptus. R 389 106. Pomacentrus arcifrons. C, G , 389 107. Nexilarius concolor. G, (A) 389 108. Abudefduf marginatus. R, C, G, (A) 390 109. Microspathodon bairdii. R, G, (A) 390 no. Microspathodon dorsalis. R, C, G, (A) 390 in. Nexilosus albemarleus. G 391 Labridae 391 112. Bodianus diplotcenius. R, Cl, C, G, (A) 391 113. Bodianus eclancheri. G 392 114. Pimelometopon darivinii. G 394 115. Halichceres nicholsi. R, G 395 1 16. Halichceres sellifer. R 395 117. Pseudojulis adustus. R 396 118. Pseudojulis notospilus. R, (A) 396 119. Tkalassoma socorroense. R 396 1 20. Tkalassoma grammaticum. R 396 12 1. Thalassoma -virens. R 396 Scaridae 397 122. Calotomus xenodon. R 397 123. Catty odon noyesi. G 397 124. Callyodon perrico. G, (A) . 397 Oplegnathidae 397 125. Oplegnathus insigne. G, (A) 397 Chaetodontidae 399 126. Forcipiger longirostris R, (W) 399 127. Chcetodon nigrirostris. R, G, (A) 400 128. Holocanthus passer. C, G, (A) 401 129. Holocanthus clarionensis. R 401 SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 337 130. Holocanthus iodocus. G 402 Zanclidae 402 131. Zanclus canescens. C, R. G, (W) 402 Teuthididae 402 132. Ctenochcetus strigosus. C, (W) 402 133. Hepatus triostegus. R, C, (W) 403 134. Hepatus crestonis. C, (A) 403 135. Hepatus aliala. R, Cl, C, (W) 403 136. Xesurus punctatus. R, (A) 404 137. Xesurus laticlavius. R, C, G 404 Balistidse 406 138. Balistes verres. R, Cl, C, G, (A) 406 139. Cantkidermis angulosus. C, (W) . 407 140. Xanthichthys mento. R 408 141. Melichthys bispinostis. R, C -. 408 Monocanthidse 409 142. Cantherines sandtvichensis. R, (W) 409 143. Osbeckia scripta. R, (W) 410 Ostraciidae 410 144. Ostracion lentiginosum. Cl, G, (W) 410 145. Ostracion clippertonense. Cl 410 Tetraodontidse 412 146. Spheroides angusticeps. G, (A) 412 147. Spheroides lobatus. G, (A) 412 148. Spheroides annulatus. G, (A) 412 149. Tetraodon setosus. R, Cl, C, G, (A) 413 Diodontidae 413 150. Diodon hystrix. R, G, (C) 413 151. Chilomycterus affinis. G, (W) 414 Scorpaenidse 414 152. Sebastopsis xyrts. R, G, (A) 414 153. Scorpcena histrio. G, ( A) 415 154. Pontinus strigatus* G . 415 Gobiidse 415 155. Eleotris tubularis. C 415 156. Cotylopus cocoensis. C 415 157. Zonogobius rhizophora. G 416 158. Zonogobius zebra. R, (A) 416 159. Odontogobius gilberti. G 416 160. Mapo soporator. R, Cl, C, G, (C) 416 Malacanthidse 417 161. Caulolatilus princeps. G, (A) 417 Dactyloscopidae 417 162. Myxodagnus opercularis. G, (A) 417 Batrachoididse 418 163. Porichthys margaritatus. G, (A) 418 Blenniidse 418 164. Dialommus fuscus. G 418 165. Emmnion bristohe. G 418 338 SNODGRASS AND HELLER 166. Runula azalea. G 419 167. Alticus atlanticus. G, (A) 419 168. Alticus chiostictus. R, (A) 419 169. Malococtenus zonogaster. G 420 170. Lepisomajenkinsi. G 420 171. Encheliophisjordani. G 420 Ophidiidae 420 172. Chilara taylori. G, (A) 420 173. Otophidium indefatigabile. G, (A) 421 Brotulidae 421 174. Petrotyx hopkinsi. G 421 175. Eutyx diagrammus. G 421 Triglidse 421 176. Prionotus miles. G 421 Echeneididae 421 177. Echeneis remora. G, (C) 421 Gobiesocidae 422 178. Gobiesox poecilophthalmus. G 422 179. Gobiesox adustus. R, (A) 422 180. Arbaciosa truncata. G ..,...; 422 Pleuronectidae 422 181. Platophrys constellatus. G, (A) 422 182. Platophrys leopardinus. R, C, G, (A) 423 Soleidae 423 183. Symphurus atramentatus. G, (A) 423 Antennariidae 424 184. Antennarius tagus. G 424 INTRODUCTION. IN the fish-fauna of these islands there is a very conspicuous element formed of species that belong to the islands of the western part of the Pacific. These are : Galeocerdo triginus. G. Trianodon obesus. C. Euleptoramphus longirostris. G. Evolantia micro-pier a. G. Myripristis murdjan. C, G. Holotrachys lima. C. Kuhlia tczniura. R, C, G. Caranx melamphygus. R, C, G. Forcifiger longirostris. R. Zanclus canescens. R, C, G. Ctenochatus strigosus. C. Hepatus triostegus. R, C. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 339 Hepatus aliala. R, Cl, C. Canthidermis angulosus. C. Cantherines sand-wichensis. R. Osbeckia scrota. R. Os tract on lentiginosum. C, G. Chilomycterus ajfinis. G. Of these 18 species only Galeocerdo tigrinum, Osbeckia scripta and Chilomycterus ajfinis are known from the American main- land coast. There is a small number of species that are peculiar to the islands as a group, i. £., that occur at 2 or more of them but are not known elsewhere. These are : Amia atradorsata. C, G. Lutianus viridis. R, C, G (Tres Marias Ids.) Pomacentrus leucorus. R, C, G. Pomacentrus arcifrons. C, G. Ichthy callus nicholsi. R, G. Melichthys bispinosus. R, C. Xesurus laticlavius. R, C, G. These may be termed Eastern Pacific Insular species. Two of them, Pomacentrus leucorus and Xesurus laticlavius, may be regarded as diagnostic of the islands as a group. They are known from all the islands except Clipperton, but the Clipperton fishes are too little known to be here considered. Lutianus viridis, although occurring at all the islands, is known also from the Tres Marias Islands near the coast of Mexico and is, there- fore, likely to be taken also along the mainland shore. R. Cl. c. G. Widely ranging species I i IO 3r e: 18 CO 2 ii 9 c 6 6 Peculiar species . . 1C I 2 4-2 Totals 72 9 38 126 Amia atradorsata and Pomacentrus arcifrons are represented at the Revillagigedo Archipelago by the related species Amia atricauda and Pomacentrus redemptus. 340 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Omitting the 2 deep-sea Galapagos species, Galeagra -pam- melas and Pontinus strigatus, of whose distribution nothing is known, the derivation of the fauna of each island or group of islands may be indicated by the tabulation of species on page 339- Of the Revillagigedo fauna, as shown by this table, 12.5 Jo is composed of widely ranging species ; slightly less than 50 Jo is American; n ft is Polynesian; about 7 ^ is Eastern Pacific Insular, and nearly 21 Jo is peculiar. The peculiar Clipperton species, Ostracion clippertonense is very closely related to O. camurum of the Hawaiian Islands. Hence, of the 9 species known from this island, 4 are of Western Pacific origin. Of the Cocos fauna a little less than 50 Jo belongs to the American mainland ; about 30 Jo is Polynesian ; a little less than 16 Jo is Eastern Pacific Insular ; and about $ Jo is peculiar. In the Galapagos fauna about 8 ^ is composed of widely ranging species ; slightly less than 47 Jo is American continental ; 7 Jo is Polynesian ; 5 Jo is Eastern Pacific Insular ; and 33 Jo is peculiar. It is interesting to note that the American faunal element of Cocos Island is much more closely related to that of the Gala- pagos Archipelago than to that of the Revillagigedo Archipel- ago. There are 5 species of this class that occur at the Gala- pagos but not at the Rivillagigedo Islands, while there are no species that occur at Cocos and the Revillagigedo islands and not at the Galapagos. Furthermore, Amia atradorsata and Pomacentrus acrifrons are peculiar to Cocos and the Galapagos islands. Melichthys bispinosus is peculiar to Cocos and the Revillagigedo islands, but is very closely related to the Polyne- sian species M. radula. The Western Pacific fauna of Cocos is about equally distributed between the Galapagos and the Revillagigedo archipelagos. The Galapagos Islands lie in the cold Peruvian current flowing northwest from Cape Horn, while both Cocos and the Revillagigedos lie in the warm equatorial and counter equatorial currents. Of the 56 Galapagos species that belong to the American mainland, only 17 occur also at the Revillagigedo Islands. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 34! Only 4 of these mainland forms are South American. Hence, one set of Central American species populates the Revillagigedo Islands and another set the Galapagos Islands, the 2 sets inter- mingling along the mainland. The fish-faunas of the different islands of the Galapagos Archipelago differ greatly in the num- ber of species and the relative number of individuals of the same species found at each, and in many cases different parts of the same island show differences of an equal degree. This paper is the first report on the Cocos and Clipperton shore fishes, and the majority of the Galapagos species listed have not heretofore been recorded from these islands. Many imperfectly known species are redescribed, and numerous color notes are given taken from freshly captured specimens. Two species are described as new. Twenty-three other new species were described in Paper XV of the Hopkins-Stanford Gala- pagos series.1 This paper, though in part compiled, is based mainly on specimens now in the ichthyological collection of Stanford University. The Revillagigedo specimens were col- lected by Dr. C. H. Gilbert during the Albatross expedition of 1889, and by Mr. R. C. McGregor in 1897. The Galapagos, Cocos and Clipperton specimens were nearly all collected by the authors during 1898 and 1899. The zoological sequence adopted is that used by Jordan and Evermann in their Fishes of North and Middle America. Measurements of length are given in millimeters ; other meas- urements are in hundredths of the length to the end of the caudal vertebrae, except where stated otherwise. The authors express their obligation to Dr. David Starr Jor- dan for assistance in the identification of species, and especi- ally for help in the determination of synonymy ; and to Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert for invaluable aid in procuring the fish collecting equipment with which the expedition was provided, and, later, for assistance while working with the material ob- tained. 1 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, 1903 (Sept. 12), 189-229. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1905. 342 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Family BRANCHIOSTOMIMB. i. BRANCHIOSTOMA ELONGATUM Sundevall. Branchiostoma elongatum SUNDEVALL, Vet. Akad. Forh. 1853, 147, Chin- chas Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, note, 4, 1896. — STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, 334, 1898 (Cav- ancha Bay, Iquique). Range. — Coast of Peru, Chinchas Islands, Galapagos Islands. Not hitherto reported from the Galapagos ; 13 specimens, the largest 20 mm. long, dredged in about 10 fathoms on a bottom of fine black sand in Tagus Cove, Albemarle. Family GALEID^E. 2. GALEOCERDO TIGRINUS Miiller & Henle. Galeocerdo tigrinus MULLER & HENLE, Plagiostomen, 59, 1838. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 32, 1896. Range. — India, Australia, Polynesia, Galapagos Islands, west coast of tropical America. Individuals of this species frequently seen in Tagus Cove, Albe- marle and in the straits between Albemarle and Narboro. Generally solitary or associated with Carcharias galapagensis. Easily distin- guished from the latter by the greater size and by the vertical stripes on the sides of the body. We have the jaws and skin of the head of one specimen 9 feet long (2,700 mm.), and all that we saw were of about this length. The upper lobe of the caudal fin is about one-fourth of the total length, and is considerably shorter than the space between the dorsal fins. Color : above, grayish, spotted with obscure dusky which runs into vertical bars on the sides of the body; below whitish. Snout to first dorsal 33 mm. ; snout to second dorsal 78 ; snout to pec- toral 26 ; snout to ventral 44 ; snout to anal 80 ; upper lobe of caudal 25 ; first dorsal to second dorsal 33 ; pectoral 15. Snout short, length from tip to front of mouth about \y2 in width of mouth. Nostril 3 in snout. A groove along the base of each jaw, the two continuous around the angle, upper about twice length of lower. Nostril with large triang- ular flap on inner half of anterior margin. Teeth all of same shape, being flat and triangular with a deep notch on outer side — a notch so large as to give the tooth a bilobed appear- ance, the lobes being one basal and the other apical, both directed out- wardly ; free edge of basal lobe roundly convex with coarse serrations ; SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 343 apical lobe acute, directed outward and upward or backward, serrated on both sides, the serrations largest on inner side near base ; teeth ar- ranged in several series ; a single row in front vertical, the others hori- zontal ; back of each anterior vertical tooth is a longitudinal row of hori- zontal overlapping teeth ; five well developed teeth in each longitudinal row rnesially, but laterally decreasing gradually to one ; teeth of lower jaw smaller than those of upper and in fewer longitudinal rows. 3. CARCHARIAS GALAPAGENSIS Snodgrass & Heller, new species. Eulamia lamiella, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 179 (Chatham Island) ; not of Jordan & Gilbert. Eulamia (Platypodori) platyrhynchus GILBERT (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 543, Galapagos Islands. Carcharhinus platyrhynchus, JORDAN & EVERMANN (in part), Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 36, 1896. Type. — No. 12324, Stanford Univ. Mus. Diagnosis. — The same in every respect as Carcharias 'platyrhyn- chus (Gilbert) except that the fins are at all ages of uniform coloration with the body, being never margined with white. Range. — Galapagos Islands. Description of the Type (embryo, 650 mm. long). — Length from tip of snout to front of mouth less than width of mouth by one-half diameter of eye ; length from angle of mouth to symphysis of lower jaw equal to length of snout from mouth less one-half diameter of eye; distance between outer ends of nostrils a little less than width of mouth ; eye a little less than one-fourth width of mouth ; base of pectoral about 3 in its own length ; base of first dorsal \\ in its height; ventrals as long as base of dorsal, equal to length of snout from mouth ; base of anal 2 in entire length of ventral, equal to base of second dorsal ; height \ greater than that of second dorsal ; lower lobe of caudal a little less than \ of upper lobe ; two gill-slits above front of base of pectoral. The proportions differ somewhat in different sized specimens. In one 550 mm. long some of the above measurements are as follows : Length from snout to mouth equal to width of mouth ; length from angle of mouth to pectoral a little greater than width of mouth ; length from angle of mouth to symphysis of lower jaw less than length from symphysis to snout by | diameter of eye ; distance between outer ends of nostrils equals width of mouth ; lower lobe of caudal % of upper lobe. Extremely abundant about the Galapagos Islands, especially about Wenman and Culpepper and between Albemarle and Narboro. The 344 SNODGRASS AND HELLER adults average 6 to 8 feet in length. We examined a large number of them, several hundred being taken aboard the schooner, and we saw probably thousands in the water. None of them had the fins marked with white. They feed on fish and are probably dangerous enemies of the young fur-seals and sea-lions of the Galapagos Islands, for they closely patrol the shores about the seal rookeries. We often found in their stomachs pieces of sea-lions, but they may have been feeding on the carcasses left by the sealers. MEASUREMENTS OF Carcharicts galafagensis. No. Stanford University Museum. 12326 12325 12324 4-7O rr-i 6zo ?2 •77 27 44 48 47 7O 28 •II 37 4O « Base of pectoral to base of ventral •7Q 34. 21 Pectoral 21 26 22 Height of first dorsal... II 16 n 4. C ARCH ARIAS PLATYRHYNCHUS (Gilbert). Eulamia (Platypodori) platyrhynchus GILBERT (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 543, Clarion and Socorro islands and Magdalena Bay, Lower California. Carcharhinus platyrhynchus, JORDAN & EVERMANN (in part), Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 36, 1896. Range. — Coast of Lower California (Magdalena Bay) ; Revilla- gigedo Islands ; Clipperton Island. The collection contains one specimen from Clarion Island and one taken at sea between Clarion and Clipperton islands, 13° 12' N. ; in0 45' W. The Clarion specimen, which is about 3^- feet long, has the dorsal and pectoral fins tipped and posteriorly bordered with white, and all others seen in the water about the island were similarly marked. The specimen taken near Clipperton Island has the mar- ginal parts of the fins pale. In the original description of the species Dr. Gilbert assigns this fin coloration to the largest specimens only. 5. TRI^NODON OBESUS (Ruppell). Carcharias obesus RUPPELL, Neue Wirbel., Fisch., 64, pi. 18, fig. 2, 1837. Tricenodon obesus, MULLER & HENLE, 55, pi. 20. — DUMERIL, Elasmobr., 386. — GUNTHER, Cat., vni, 383, 1870. Range. — Red Sea, Indian Ocean, New Hebrides, Cocos Island. One specimen, about 5 feet long, taken at Cocos Island. This is the only record of the species from the Eastern Pacific. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 345 Snout very short, 2.7 in width of mouth; angle of mouth to sym- physis of lower jaw 1.33 in width of mouth; width of nostril 2.4 in snout; eye longitudinally elongate-oval ; teeth in several series in each jaw, the outer ones most nearly erect, but all inclined backward, es- pecially the inner ones, which, in the upper jaw, are almost hori- zontal ; all tricuspid, having a long slender median cusp and a much smaller one on each side at base ; nostrils with a double flap on inner half of anterior edge forming a sort of tubular appendage ; posterior gill-slit over the base of pectoral ; no grooves about the mouth. Length to base of caudal fin 911 mm.; snout to first dorsal 36; first dorsal to second dorsal 29; second dorsal to caudal 10; upper lobe of caudal 31 ; pectoral 20; base of first dorsal i^ in its height; base of second dorsal equal to height; height of anal i^ in height of second dorsal ; ventral if in pectoral ; lower lobe of caudal 2 in upper lobe. Color : dark uniform slate above, below livid-yellowish slate ; tip of first dorsal and of upper lobe of caudal creamy white. Family SPHYRNID^). 6. SPHYRNA TUBES (Cuvier). Zygcsna tudes CUVIER in Valenciennes, Mem. Mus., ix, 225, 1822, Nice. Sphyrna tudes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 44, 1896. Range. — Tropical parts of the ocean in general. We saw several small individuals of a Sphyrna, probably S. tudes, in Tagus Cove, Albemarle, but we were not able to secure any specimens. Family RHINOBATHXE. 7. RHINOBATUS PLANICEPS Garman. Rhinobatus planiceps GARMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vi, 168, 1880, Peru ; Galapagos. — JORDAN £ EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 64, 1896. Range. — Coast of Peru ; Galapagos Islands. Numerous skates were seen about the Galapagos Islands, some of which may have been this species, but we did not obtain any specimens of it. Reported from the Galapagos Islands by the Hasslar expedition. Family DASYATID^). 8. DASYATIS LONGA (Garman). Trygon longa GARMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vi, 170, 1880, Acapulco ; Panama. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 85, 1896. 346 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Range. — Gulf of California to Panama ; Galapagos Islands. One specimen taken at Mangrove Point on the east coast of Narboro. Individuals numerous in the shallow sandy-bottomed lagoons of the mangrove swamps at Mangrove Point, Narboro. Length to root of tail, 460 mm. ; tail 287 mm. (apparently not en- tire) ; width of disc 534 mm. Caudal spine very slightly less than distance from tip of snout to mouth, about two-thirds longer than middle of mouth; five papillae in mouth, the median 3 large and conspicuous, the lateral ones small ; an elongate patch of spine-like tubercles on middle of back ; a median series of similar tubercles be- ginning a little back of central dorsal patch and extending along back and tail to caudal spine ; a short longitudinal series of similar tuber- cles on each side of central dorsal patch. Family MOBULID^. , 9. MANTA BIROSTRIS (Walbaum). Raia birostris ARTEDI, Piscium, 535, 1792. Mania birostris, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 92, 1896. Range. — Both shores of tropical and subtropical America. We frequently saw, amongst the islands of the Galapagos Archi- pelago, enormous rays probably belonging to this species, but no specimens were obtained. [Family SILURHXflS. NETUMA INSULARUM Flora Hartley Greene. Tachysurus elatturus (var. ?), JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 179, Gulf of Panama. Netuma insularum FLORA HARTLEY GREENE in Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 439, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2770, 1898. The specimen from which this species was described was taken by the Albatross, in 1888, in the Gulf of Panama. The subsequent reference of the species to the Galapagos Islands is a mistake.] Family OPHICHTHYID^E. 10. MYRICHTHYS PANTOSTIGMIUS Jordan & McGregor. Myrichthys pantostigmius JORDAN & MCGREGOR in Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2802, 1898, Clarion Island. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1898 (1899), 274, pi. 4 (Clarion Island). SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 347 Range. — Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Collected by Mr. R. C. McGregor.) n. OPHICHTHUS TRISERIALIS (Kaup). Muranopsis triserialis KAUP, Apodes, 12, 1856, Pacific. Ophichthys rugifer JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, *55 an^ 1 80, Charles Island. Ophichthus triserialis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 450 (Chatham Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 384, 1898. Range. — West coast of tropical America, Galapagos Islands. Known from Charles and Chatham islands of the Galapagos Archi- pelago, it having been taken at both places by the Albatross. Family MUR^NID^E. 12. RABULA MARMOREA (Valenciennes). Murcenophis marmoreus VALENCIENNES, Voy. Venus, Zool., 347, pi. 10, fig. i, 1855, Galapagos Archipelago. Rabula marmorea, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 391, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Islands. "A doubtful species." (Jordan & Evermann.) Reported only by the Venus. 13. GYMNOTHORAX PICTUS (Ahl). Murcena picta AHL, De Muraena et Ophichtho, vi, 8, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1789. Lycodontis pictus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , in, Addenda, 2805, 1898. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 274. Range. — Western Pacific, and Revillagigedo Islands. This is a common species of the East Indies and has been obtained at Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, but nowhere else in the eastern Pacific. 14. GYMNOTHORAX CHLEVASTES ( Jordan & Gilbert) . Sidera chlevastes JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 208, Galapagos Islands. Lycodontis chlevastes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , i, 398, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Known only from the Galapagos Islands, where one specimen was taken bv the Albatross. 34$ SNODGRASS AND HELLER 15. GYMNOTHORAX DOVII (Gunther). Murcena dovii GUNTHER, Cat., vm, 103, 1870, Panama. Lycodontis dovii, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 397, 1896 (" Gulf of California to Galapagos "). Range. — West coast of tropical America ; Galapagos Archipelago. 16. MUR^NA INSULARUM Jordan & Davis. Murcena insularum JORDAN & DAVIS, Apodal Fishes, 609, 1892, Chatham Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 400. Range. — Galapagos Islands. We have one specimen 390 mm. long collected on a rocky beach near Iguana Cove, Albemarle Island. 17. MURyENA LENTIGINOSUM Jenyns. Murcena lentiginosa JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Zool., 143, 1842, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 402, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Islands. One specimen from Turtle Point Reef, near Tagus Cove, Albemarle 18. ECHIDNA NOCTURNA (Cope). Poecilophis nocturnus COPE, U. S. Geol. Surv. Mont., 484, 1871, Rio Grande, Costa Rica. Echidna nocturna, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 402, 1896. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rept. U. S. Fish. Comm. 1898, 275 (Clarion and Socorro islands). Range. — Costa Rica; Cape San Lucas; Clarion and Socorro islands, Revillagigedo Archipelago. Family CLUPEID^E. 19. CLUPANODON LIBERTATIS (Gunther). Meletta libertatis GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866, 603, Libertad, Cen- tral America. Opisthonema libertate, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , i, 433, 1896. Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America ; Galapagos Islands. We obtained this species at Seymour Island near Indefatigable and in Wreck Bay, Chatham Island. At the latter place it was found in immense schools. Family CHAULIODONTIDJE. 20. ZALARGES LUCETIUS (Carman). Maurolicus lucetius CARMAN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv, Rep. Expl. U. S. S. Albatross during 1891, xxvi, Fishes, 242, pi. J, fig. 2, 1899, Alba- tross Station 3428, at 21° $6' 30" N., 106° 25' W. in 238 fathoms. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 349 Range. — Panamic region of the Eastern Pacific, ranging vertically from loo to 2,000 fathoms. One mutilated specimen taken from the stomach of a Thunnus caught a few degrees north of the Galapagos Archipelago. It agrees with Garman's description of Maurolicus lucetius, but differs from the figure in the possession of an adipose fin. A few patches of thin cycloid scales are present on the caudal peduncle and back. The species is close to Zalarges nimbarius Jordan & Williams, differing from it in the larger head, the shorter and deeper body, and in the larger ventral photophores, which are crowded and juxtaposed. We have examined the type of Z. nimbarius and find that it possesses a well developed adipose fin and a few large cycloid scales. Neither of these characters is shown in the figure of the type. The fins are not well preserved, but the anal has apparently 15 rays, as in Z. lucetius. On the strength of the absence of pseudobranchiae and of the pres- ence of scales, we have placed this genus in the Chauliodontidae. It is closely related to the Maurolicidae, and it is doubtful whether these 2 families are really distinct. MEASUREMENTS OF ZdldTgeS hiCCttUS. Length in mm 31 Head 31 Depth 23 Eje 10 Snout 10 Maxillary 23 Interorbital width 05 Pectoral 15 Base of anal 19 Caudal 22 Depth of caudal peduncle 09 Length of caudal peduncle 12 Family HEMIRHAMPHHXE. 21. HYPORHAMPHUS ROBERTI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Hemirhamphus roberti CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 24, 1886, Cayenne. —JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1899, 1 80 (James Island). Hyporhamphus roberti, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and_Mid. Amer., i, 721, 1896. Range. — Both coasts of tropical America ; Galapagos Islands. Taken at James Island by the Albatross. 35° SNODGRASS AND HELLER 22. HEMIRHAMPHUS SALTATOR Gilbert & Starks. Hemirhamphus balao, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vm, 1885, 370 (Pan- ama) ; not of Le Sueur. Hemirhamphus saltator GILBERT & STARKS, Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv, 1904, 53, pi. ix, fig. 1 6, Panama. Range. — Panama ; Galapagos Islands. One specimen taken between Albemarle and Narboro islands near Tagus Cove, Albemarle. It was secured by Captain W. P. Noyes, who stated that a school of the Hemiramphids was pursued by some porpoises past the boat in which he was rowing and that this one leaped into the boat. Length 480 mm.; entire head in total length 37; depth in total length 1 2 ; lower jaw beyond tip of upper in total length 20 ; length of body from tip of upper jaw 382 mm. ; depth in length without lower jaw 15; head in length from tip of upper jaw 22; pectoral in length without lower jaw 16; last ray of ventral in head without lower jaw 45; pectoral in head without lower jaw 74; eye in head without lower jaw 19; interorbital space in head without lower jaw 23. D. 14; A. ii ; P. ii ; teeth of the upper jaw simple, conical; those of the lower jaw tricuspid. We have also 8 young individuals of a Hemirhamphus, about 70 mm. long, seined in the surf on the beach north of Tagus Cove, Albemarle, which apparently belong to this species. They are marked by a black lateral band from base of pectoral to middle of caudal peduncle ; by 2 black dorsal lines on the back, one on each side of the median line; and by numerous transverse black lines cross- ing the back, not reaching laterally the lateral bands but broken into 3 segments by the longitudinal dorsal lines; lower jaw about 4.5 in the total length. 23. EULEPTORHAMPHUS LONGIROSTRIS (Cuvier). Hemirhamphus longirostris CUVIER, Regne Animal, Ed. 2, Vol. 2, 286, 1829, Pondicherry ; ibid., 111. Poiss., pi. 98. — CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xix, 52. — GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 276. ? Euleptorhamphus brevoorti£ii\.~L, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, I3I> no locality. Euleptorhamphus longirostris, JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1902, 434 (Hawaiian Islands). Range. — East Indies ; Hawaiian Islands ; Galagapos Islands. Two specimens taken at Hood Island, the first record of the species from the Eastern Pacific. We have compared them with specimens from the Hawaiian Islands. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 351 MEASUREMENTS AND FIN RAYS OF JEuleptorkamfhus longi- rostris. No. Stanford University Museum. 12322 12333 42O 4.27 •20 er 7OI Lower law beyond upper JEW V7 41 Head JC Depth g c Pectoral 2O 2Q E je : Head 7O 2Q 24 23 Number of anal rays 22 21 We have also numerous young examples of a long-finned Hemiram- phid, apparently a Euleptorhamphus and perhaps Euleptorhamphus longirostris, taken from the stomach of a horse mackerel ( Thunnus thynnus) about 7° 26' N. ; 100° 26' W., in December; and from the stomach of an ocean bonito ( Gymnosarda pelamis} at about 4° 30' N. ; 87° W., in July. During July these young individuals were extremely abundant between Clipperton and Cocos islands, but we saw no adults. Those collected are about 75 mm. long; depth about 7; sides flat and parallel; pectorals 3§; beak very short, about 9 in body, but perhaps broken in all, entirely gone in many. Family EXOCCETID^E. 24. EVOLANTIA MICROPTERA (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Exoccettts micropterus CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xix, 92, 1846. Evolantia microptera, HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 189. — JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1902 (1903), 434 (Ha- waiian Islands). Range. — East Indies ; Hawaiian Islands ; Eastern Pacific north of Galapagos Islands. One specimen, 150 mm. long, taken at 4° N., 90° W., July 12, in warm water about 250 miles north of the Galapagos Islands. 25. EXOCCETUS VOLITANS Linnaeus. , Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 316, 1758. — JORDAN & EVER- MANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2835 and 2836« l898- Exocoetus evolans LINN^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 521, 1766 (based on Gronow); Giinther, Cat., vi, 282, 1866. Halocypselus evolans, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , i, 729, 1896. Range. — Widely distributed in the tropics. 35 2 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Numerous specimens taken in the warm water between 4° N. and 21° N. and 90° W. and 116° W. Comparatively scarce in the cooler water of the Hurhboldt current immediately to the south of this region, and none seen about the Galapagos Islands. 26. EXONAUTES SPECULIGER (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Exoccetus speculiger CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xix, 93, 1846. — GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 287, 1866. Exoccetus 'uolitans, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 734, 1896. Exonautes speculiger, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , in, Addenda, 2835 an(^ 2836, 1898. Range. — Widely spread in the tropics. One specimen taken at about 17° 23' N. ; 114° 9' W., southwest from the Revillagigedo Islands. 27. CYPSILURUS XENOPTERUS (Gilbert). Exoccetus xenopterus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 58, Clarion Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 738, 1896. Exonautes xenopterus, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Kept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, 275 (Clarion Island ; Moro Hermosa, Lower California). Cypsilurus xenopterus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , in, Addenda, 2836, 1898. Range. — Eastern tropical Pacific. This species was first obtained by Dr. C. H. Gilbert from the stom- ach of a booby (Sula) at Clarion Island, and later by Mr. R. C. Mc- Gregor at the same locality and off Moro Hermosa, Lower California. 28. CYPSILURUS CYANOPTERUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Exocoetus cyanopterus CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xix, 98, 1846, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro. — GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 294. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 1 80 (James Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 739, 1896. Exoccetus albidactylus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 167, Carib- bean Sea. Cypsilurus cyanopterus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-list Fishes, 323, 1896. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2836, 1898. Range. — Caribbean Sea, coast of Brazil; Galapagos Islands. Taken at James Island by the Albatross (iSSy-'SS). Family MUGILID^E. 29. MUGIL CEPHALUS Linnaeus. Mugil cephalus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 316, 1758, Europe. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 180 (Chatham Island, Hood Is- land). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 811, 1896. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 353 Range. — Cosmopolitan. This widely distributed species was taken by the Albatross (1887- *SS) at Chatham and Hood islands, Galapagos Archipelago. 30. MUGIL THOBURNI Jordan & Starks. Mugil thoburni JORDAN & STARKS in Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 812, 1896, Galapagos Islands. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America ; Galapagos Islands. Specimens taken in Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle ; and in shallow lagoons of the mangrove swamps on the east coast of Narboro. We have numerous young individuals taken in a seine from the surf on a beach north of Tagus Cove, Albemarle. These are certainly the young of Mugil thoburni; they have the same number of fin rays, and the black base of the pectoral, characteristic of the adult, is con- spicuously present in all. The head, however, is very strikingly dif- ferent in shape from that of the adult, being compressed and deep rather than wide and depressed ; but the specimens present a perfect gradation in this respect from the smallest to the largest. In a speci- men 27 mm. long, the interorbital space is .22 of the length of the head; in a specimen 38 mm. long .25 ; in one 62 mm. long .31 ; and in an adult 159 mm. long .38. The ridges on the rows of scales are present on specimens 40 mm. long, but on specimens smaller than this they are not yet developed. The adipose eye-lids are slightly de- veloped in specimens 65 mm. long; the smaller ones have the eye- lids simple. 31. MUGIL CUREMA Cuvier & Valenciennes. Mugil curema CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 87, 1836, Brazil, Martinique, Cuba. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 813, 1896. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, 275 (Socorro Island). Range. — Common along both shores of tropical America, but known from only Socorro of the eastern Pacific islands. 32. MUGIL SETOSUS Gilbert. Mugil setosus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 549, Clarion Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 815, 1896. Range. — Known from Clarion Island, and from the American mainland at Mazatlan. 354 SNODGRASS AND HELLER 33. CHyENOMUGIL PROBOSCIDEUS (Gunther). Mugil proboscideus GUNTHER, Cat., in, 459, 1861, Cordova Island, Chcenomugil proboscideus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 816, 1896. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 275 (Socorro Island). Range. — West coast of tropical America; Socorro Island. 34. QUERIMANA HARENGUS (Gunther). Myxus harengus GUNTHER, Cat., in, 467, 1861, Pacific coast of Central America. Querimana harengus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 817. Range. — West coast of America from Mazatlan to Peru ; Galapa- gos Islands. Seven specimens from Tagus Cove, Albemarle, the first reported from the Galapagos. The largest is 38 mm. long. Family 35. SPHYR^ENA IDIASTES Heller & Snodgrass. Sphyrcena idiastes HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 190, pi. II, Seymour Island. Range. — Galapagos Islands. Two adults, one from Seymour the other from the north coast of Narboro ; several young from Tagus Cove, Albemarle, and from Hood. Family HOLOCENTRIDJE. 36. MYRIPRISTIS OCCIDENTALS Gill. Myripristis occidentalis GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 87, Cape San Lucas. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 847, 1898. Range. — Cape San Lucas to Panama ; Cocos Island ; Galapagos Islands. Abundant at Cocos Island and at Galapagos Archipelago; not known from the Revillagigedo Islands. Over 50 specimens taken at Duncan, Seymour, Barrington, Hood and Tower islands. We have compared these specimens with specimens of M. occidentalis in the Stanford University collection from Panama. Since the species has not been well described we give the following Description of a typical specimen. — Head 3 ; depth 2.5 ; eye 2.5 in head; interorbital width 4.3 ; snout 5 ; maxillary 1.75. D. X-I, 14; A. IV, 12; scales 3-36-6. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 355 Body elliptical, compressed posteriorly, dorsal and ventral outlines nearly equal ; head flattened above at interorbital region ; snout short and blunt ; opercle with a small spine at angle ; suborbital, preopercle, both limbs of opercle, interopercle, lower edge of subopercle, shoulder- girdle and occiput with their edges serrate ; mouth oblique ; lower jaw included ; maxillary extending to vertical from posterior border of eye, posterior margin without serrations ; supplemental maxillary mod- erate; teeth in villiform bands in both jaws, in a diamond-shaped patch on the vomer and in club-shaped patches on the palatines ; gill- rakers 10 + 20, long, length slightly less than diameter of pupil; eye large, diameter 2 in snout. Dorsal fin divided, first part of 10 spines, separated from the second part by an interval equal to half interorbital width ; third to fifth spines longest ; first spine slender, equal to sixth ; last spine united with soft dorsal; first soft rays longest, equaling longest spines; anal spines shorter than height of soft anal ; first spine short, the third and fourth longest and of equal length, but the third much thickened ; soft anal similar to soft dorsal and of same height; pectoral pointed, of 15 rays, the upper ones longest, 1.5 in head; ventral pointed, 1.6 in head; caudal rather deeply forked, the lobes equal and pointed, twice the diameter of the eye. Scales sharply serrated, those on the lateral line with enlarged ser- rations mesially. Cheek and opercle scaled, the former with 4 vertical rows ; lateral line continuous, parallel with contour of back. Color in life. — Cardinal on sides of body, becoming darker olive- red on snout and before spinous dorsal ; belly and throat lighter and more silvery-red ; sides with faint longitudinal dusky stripes produced by the over-lapping of the scales ; fins red like the sides of the body, and without dark bands or spots. MEASUREMENTS OF Myrtyristis accident alis. No. Stanford University Museum. 12317 12318 12319 12320 JT2 1 20 131 124 Head ?4 •ic ^4 34 Depth 41 42 38 39 Pectoral . .... 22 2C 24 24 Ventral .. 21 22 21 21 Eye ... 14- 14 15 15 7 8 Snout 7 7 7 7 Maxillary 20 22 21 20 Longest dorsal spine . ... 16 18 18 17 Longest anal spine 12 14 13 13 356 SNODGRASS AND HELLER 37. MYRIPRISTIS CLARIONENSIS Gilbert. Myripristis clarionensis GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 441, pi. 69, Clarion Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2842, 1898. —JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898 (1899), 275 (Clarion Island, Socorro Island). Range. — Clarion and Socorro islands, Revillagigedo Archipelago. 38. MYRIPRISTIS MURDJAN (Forskal). Sciana murdjan FORSK.AL, Desc. Anim., 48, 1775, ^e^ Sea. Myripristis murdjan, RUPPELL, Atlas Nordl. Afr., 86, pi. 23, fig. 2; Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, n, 92, pi. 61, 1873-75. — DAY, Fishes of India, 170, 1878-88, Supplement, 788, pi. 41, fig. 2. — JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902 (1903), 440 (Hawaiian Islands). Range. — East coast of Africa ; Red Sea ; India ; Malay Archi- pelago ; Polynesia ; Hawaiian Islands ; Cocos Island ; Galapagos Islands. We have numerous large specimens taken at Cocos Island, and one specimen taken at Duncan Island of the Galapagos Archipelago, the only record of the species from the Western Pacific. The descriptions of the species vary somewhat in regard to the coloration of the fins, and the development of the external teeth of the anterior end of the mandible and of the angles of the premaxillaries. Since the species is not elsewhere described in American literature we give the following description based on Cocos specimens : Description of a typical specimen. — Length 350 mm. Dorsal profile ascending from snout to nape at an angle of about 45°, here slightly angulated, running backward at greater inclination to front of spinous dorsal ; from here to front of soft dorsal almost horizontal, then somewhat abruptly curved downward to caudal peduncle ; both dorsal and ventral outlines of peduncle concave ; ventral profile with about same amount of convexity as dorsal, but more evenly curved — the belly being less angulated than the back; mouth very oblique; snout transversely truncate, so that the upper jaw presents a wide, straight, anterior margin, causing each premaxillary to present laterally a prominent angle where the transverse and longitudinal parts meet ; upper jaw considerably exceeded by tip of lower projecting part 2 in length of snout, 4 in horizontal diameter of eye (varying much in different specimens) ; maxillary reaching vertical from posterior border of eye; supplemental maxillary large and projecting a little beyond the posterior end of the maxillary ; angle of opercle with a short blunt spine; preopercle notched just above angle, interopercle notched near lower end; opercle, preopercle, subopercle, interopercle SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 357 below, notch, and posterior lower edge of maxillary serrate; gill- rakers 12 -h 21, a little greater than 2 in eye. Angle of each premaxillary and each side of symphysis of lower jaw with an elevation bearing about 12 (number variable in differ- ent specimens) hard, papillar, tooth-like projections, forming in adults a very conspicuous character; teeth of inside of mouth small, in villi- form bands in both jaws, in a triangular patch on the vomer and in elongated club-shaped patches on the palatines; an outer series of enlarged blunt conical teeth in each jaw similar in shape and appear- ance to those on the exterior of the jaws. Dorsal fin with 1 1 spines, third and fourth longest, deeply emargi- nate before the last; soft dorsal elevated, somewhat falcate, much higher than the spinous dorsal, 14 rays, the anterior longest; anal spines 4, the first very short, the third thickened but shorter than the fourth, fourth longest; soft anal similar to the soft dorsal; caudal forked, the lobes equal and bluntly rounded; pectoral rather pointed, rays 15, the upper longest ; ventral pointed, slightly longer than the max- illary ; scales large, sharply serrate, 2^—30-6 ; lateral line nearly hori- zontal anteriorly, with a slight upward curve on the caudal peduncle. Variations. — The external teeth of both jaws vary greatly in indi- viduals of different ages, being much smaller and fewer in numbers in the young than in adults. In a specimen 125 mm. long they are scarcely conspicuous on the upper jaw, and on the lower only 3 small teeth are present on each side. In some adults all 4 sets are large and prominent, while in others of the same size they are much smaller. The degree to which the lower jaw projects beyond the upper varies with the development of the external teeth. MEASUREMENTS OF Myrifristis murdjan. 14.1 2OC 2IO 22O 22C Head •jr 1C •JET •JC •?4 Depth. A A A"J A •? A_"J •2Q Pectoral 26 T-O 2/1 to 2/1 T3 25 Ventral 22 •T 22 21 22 23 Eye . 13 !na hippurus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 261, 1758, open seas. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 952, 1896. Range. — Pelagic : Atlantic and Pacific. One adult, 890 mm. long, taken at 13° 12' N. ; in0 45' W., be- tween the Revillagigedo Archipelago and Clipperton Island ; also an- other of about the same size captured near Cocos Island, 4° 32' N. ; 89° if W. There is in the Stanford University collection a young Coryphcena, 185 mm. long, from Clarion Island, which is probably this species, although it is too young to show the characters of either hippurus or equisetis. There are about 50 rays in the dorsal and 22 in the anal. The profile before the eyes is convex but scarcely prominently ele- vated. 366 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Our adult example has the profile of the head rising almost vertical from the snout, forming a large, rounded prominent angle above a point midway between snout and nostril, from which it runs steeply upward and backward to front of dorsal fin, which latter arises above posterior margin of eye ; maxillary reaching halfway from pupil to posterior rim of orbit. Head 4^; depth 5^; D. 56; A. I, 25. The color of the specimen when fresh was as follows : Above greenish-golden, below yellow, everywhere except on belly and throat spotted with purple spots as large as a pea and placed about one inch apart; head yellowish; iris black with a golden blotch on the ball above the pupil ; pectoral fins purplish above, yellow beneath and with tips purple ; ventrals yellow below, deep green above ; dorsal purplish, spotted with violet ; anal yellow, with a row of purple spots ; caudal greenish. 59. CORYPH^NA EQUISETIS Linnaeus. Coryphana equisetis LINN^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 261, 1758. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 953, 1896. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 276 (San Bene- dicto Island). This species, like the last, is one of wide tropical distribution. Jor- dan and McGregor report one specimen from San Benedicto Island. Their specimen, however, is a young one, 9 inches long, and it may be doubted that it belongs to this species rather than to C. hippurus. Family NOMEIME. 60. GOBIOMORUS GRONOVII (Gmelin). Gobius gronovii, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., xin, 1205, 1788, Tropical America. Nomeus gronovii, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 949, 1896. Range. — Tropical parts of the Atlantic and Pacific. We have a few small specimens, about 35 mm. in length, taken with Portuguese men-of-war (Physalia} at about 7° 26' N. ; 100° 36' W. Family KUHLinXE. 61. KUHLIA T^NIURA (Cuv. & Val.). Dules taniura CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 114, 1829. Kuhlia arge JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 159, Chat- ham Island. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 277 (Clarion and Socorro islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1014, 1896. Kuhlia tceniura, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed. i, 39, 1895. Range. — Indian Ocean, East Indies, Polynesia, Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 367 This species was taken by the Albatross (iSSy-'SS) at Chatham Island and later (iSSS-^) at Clarion Island. Mr. R. C. McGregor obtained it at both Clarion and Socorro islands. Finally we secured specimens of it at Cocos Island. It has not yet, however, been reported from the mainland coast. Family APOGONICHTHYIDJE. 62. AMIA ATRADORSATA Heller & Snodgrass. Apogon atradorsatus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 192, pi. in, Charles Island. Range. — Cocos Island ; Galapagos Archipelago. Very common about the Galapagos Islands where secured at Chat- ham, Harrington, Charles, Seymour, Duncan, Hood, James, Albe- marle, Narboro and Tower. Distinguished from A. atricauda Jordan & McGregor by having the second dorsal tipped with black. 63. AMIA ATRICAUDA Jordan & McGregor. Apogon atricaudus JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 277, Socorro, Clarion and San Benedicto islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, Addenda, 2853, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Islands. 64. GALEAGRA PAMMELAS Heller & Snodgrass. Galeagra pammelas HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 193, pi. iv, Wenman Island. One specimen secured near Wenman Island, Galapagos. A deep sea form. Family SERRANHXE. 65. EPINEPHELUS ANALOGUS Gill. Epinephelus analogus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 163, Panama. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Charles Is- land).— JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1152, 1896. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America ; Galapagos and Re- villagigedo islands. This species was taken by the Albatross at Charles Island, and by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Clarion Island. 66. EPINEPHELUS LABRIFORMIS (Jenyns). Serranus labriformis JENYNS, Zool. Voy. of Beagle, Fishes, 8, pi. 3, 1840, Galapagos Islands. 368 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Epinephelus labriformis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , i, 1155, 1896. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America from Cape San Lucas to Ecuador ; Socorro, Clipperton, Cocos and the Galapagos islands. We have 9 specimens from Albemarle Island, Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay, Seymour Island, Cocos Island and Clipperton Island. It has been taken by the Albatross also at Charles and Indefatigable islands of the Galapagos group. 67. DERMATOLEPIS PUNCTATUS Gill. Dermatolepis punctatus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 54, and 250, 1862, Cape San Lucas. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1169, 1896. Epinephelus dermatolepis , BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed. i, 256, 1895. Range. — Cape San Lucas, west coast of Mexico, the Venados, Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. We have specimens of this species from Clarion, Cocos, and the Galapagos islands. Specimens of different sizes vary somewhat in appearance. In small specimens about 30 mm. long, the tips of the ventrals reach slightly beyond the anus. In large specimens the anus is far behind the tips of the ventrals. A specimen from Barrington Island, 520 mm. in length, has the anus 26 mm. back of the ventrals, while one from Clarion Island 650 mm. long has a space of 83 mm. between the anus and the tips of the ventrals. In some the maxillary reaches considerably beyond the eye, in others it ends slightly in front of the eye. The spots vary from simple circular black areas to irregular dark blotches surrounded by broad white marginal fields each having the same outline as the dark spot it encloses. 68. MYCTEROPERCA XENARCHA Jordan. Mycteroperca xenarcha JORDAN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1887, 387, James Island, Galapagos Archipelago. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes N. and Mid. Amer., i, 1180, 1896. — ABBOTT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 348 (Peru). Epinephelus xenarchus, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed., i, 266. Range. — Vanados Islands, off the west coast of Mexico; Payta, Peru ; Galapagos Islands. Taken at the Galapagos only by the Hasslar Expedition. 69. MYCTEROPERCA OLFAX (Jenyns). Serranus olfax JENYNS, Zool. of Beagle, Fishes, 9, pi. 4, 1840, Galapagos Archipelago. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 369 Epinephelus olfax, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed., I, 263. Mycteroperca olfax, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1183, 1896. Range. — Panama, Cocos Island and the Galapagos Islands. Our specimens, about 30 in number, are from Cocos, Albemarle, Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay, Narboro, Duncan, Barrington, Wen- man and Culpepper. About Albemarle, Narboro, Wenman, and Culpepper the species is extremely abundant, but very rare about the southern and eastern Galapagos Islands. It is an excellent food-fish, the individuals often associate in large schools, and are easily taken with a hook and line. The typical coloration of the species is as follows : above dark oli- vaceous brown spotted with purplish and lighter brown ; sides of head same ; belly grayish-brown ; maxillary and lower jaw lighter olive- brown; fins dusky; iris golden with brown mottlings. Seven specimens 65 to 82 mm. in length and one 133 mm. long, are colored plain dark brown, lighter below, with the fins dusky, the soft dorsal and anal and the caudal pale-edged, there being no trace of spots on the body. These specimens are from shallow sandy lagoons at Mangrove Point, Narboro. Two specimens, 165 mm. long, and one 195 mm. long, from Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle, have the body covered with faint circular dark brown spots most distinct on the paler ventral half of the body. These were taken also in shallow sandy lagoons. Another, from much deeper water at Tagus Cove, 190 mm. long, is spotted above and below, although the spots on the dorsal half are obscured by the dark brown color. Adults again lose the spots with age, and become of a plain brown color, but the age at which the spots disappear varies, large specimens being often very distinctly spotted. Specimens 65 and 82 mm. in length have the posterior nostril no larger than the anterior, and the anterior nostril provided with a mem- branous tube. In specimens 230 mm. long the posterior nostril is the size of the anterior. In specimens 350 mm. long the posterior nostril has almost twice the dorso-ventral diameter of the anterior and is much elongated in the same direction. Specimens 480 mm. in length have the anterior nostril about two-fifths as wide dorso-ventrally as the pos- terior, the latter being somewhat semilunar, embracing the anterior nostril. The very small specimens have the tips of the ventral fins reaching only slightly past the anus, being the same in this respect as specimens a foot long. Beyond this size the ventrals lengthen more rapidly than the body. 37O SNODGRASS AND HELLER 70. MYCTEROPERCA RUBERRIMA (Jordan & Bollman). • Mycteroperca olfax ruberrima JORDAN & BOLLMAN in Jordan & Eigenmann, Review Serranidtz, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vm, for 1888, 367. — JOR- DAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1183, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Associating with the brown M. olfax, yellow individuals are fre- quently met with exactly resembling the others in all respects except color. It is hence doubtful whether these individuals represent a dis- tinct species or whether they form a chromatic variety of M. olfax. We have such specimens from Wenman, Culpepper, Albemarle, Tagus Cove, and Duncan islands. They are colored in life as follows: Sides of body chrome-yellow, back orange, lower parts lighter lemon- yellow ; head orange-yellow ; fin-membranes chrome-yellow ; iris in some specimens orange, in others carmine. The specimen from which Jordan and Bollman described their variety Mycteroperca olfax ruberrima (named ruberrima because supposed by them to have been red in life), is one of these yellow individuals. We have no evidence indicating whether it is a deep- water variety of M. olfax or not. No very young yellow examples nor any of an intermediate or mixed coloration were seen. Along the shore the yellow individuals are not nearly so common as the brown M. olfax, but where the latter was most abundant there occurred the greatest number of M. ruberrima. The type of M. ruberima was taken by the Albatross at Abingdon Island, Galapagos, and similar specimens have not been found outside of the Archipelago. 71. CRATINUS AGASSIZII Steindachner. Cratinus agassizii STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vii, 19, 1878, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1189, 1896. Serranus agassizi, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2dEd., i, 282, 1895. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Known only from the Galapagos Islands. It is not a common fish. We have 7 specimens from Tagus Cove, Albermarle, Narboro, Bar- rington, and Seymour. 72. PARALABRAX ALBOMACULATUS (Jenyns). Serranus albomaculatus JENYNS, Zobl. Beagle, Fishes, 3, pi. 2, 1840, Gala- pagos Archipelago. Paralabrax albomaculatus t JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Albemarle Island, Charles Island). SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 371 Serranus humeralis BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., i, 2d Ed., 278, 1895. Paralabrax humeralis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1196, 1896. Paralabrax albomaculatus, ABBOTT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 348. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. If this species is distinct from Paralabrax humeralis, it is known only from the Galapagos Islands. We have numerous specimens from Tagus Cove, Albemarle, and from Barrington. The synonymy given above shows that this species has been by some authors regarded as distinct, while others have included it in P. humeralis. Abbott (1899), comparing some young examples from Callao, Peru, with young examples from the Galapagos Islands in the Stanford University collection, concluded that the 2 should be retained as separate species. We have examined these same speci- mens, together with the numerous adults that we obtained at the Galapagos Islands, and likewise cannot regard the specimens from the 2 localities as the same species, although if adult material from the mainland were at hand this might be possible. MEASUREMENTS AND FIN RAYS OF: No. Stanford University Museum. Paralabrax albomaculatus from Galapagos Islands. Paralabrax humeralis from Callao, Peru. 374 66 12265 12266 12267 12268 11958 11958 11943 "943 Length in mm. I96 39 29 7* 6 5J 17 X 15 7 153 39 38 5* i7 X 13 7 J45 39 \ fi 16 X H 7 375 42 36 8 6 i7 X H 7 365 40 3Ii 6 i7 X H 7 290 39 3k 7£ 6J i7 X H 7 372 38 26 5* I 17 X 14 7 I78 40 28 5f Si $ X 13 7 i75 4i 1 II 18 X 13 7 148 4o 29 6 5} ,* X 13 7 157 2s 6 6 5* 19 X 13 7 Head Depth Eve... Interorbital Width of base of pectoral Number of pectoral rays Number of dorsal spines Number of second dorsal rajs Number of second anal rays The above figures show that the Galapagos specimens, representing Paralabrax albomaculatus, compared with specimens of approxi- mately the same size from Peru, that may be taken to represent the typical P. humeralis of Cuvier & Valenciennes (their specimen being from Chile) have a somewhat larger eye, a wider interorbital space, a wider base for the pectoral fin, fewer pectoral rays, and a greater number of dorsal rays. The figures show also that in the adult of P. albomaculatus the interorbital space is proportionally much wider and the eye smaller than in the young. Other characters of the species are as follows : Snout rather pointed, 37 2 SNODGRASS AND HELLER length of snout from nostril 3^ in head; mouth not very oblique ; maxillary 2\ in head; posterior edge of preopercle finely serrated, the serrations coarser on the lower limb, first dorsal spine shortest, a little more than \ of eye ; second f longer than first ; third longest, about equal to maxillary; the following spines rapidly shorter to seventh, beyond which they are about equal ; caudal peduncle about twice eye in depth ; posterior margin of caudal fin slightly lunate, upper angle a little prolonged, the lower rounded. Color. — Above dark olive-brown ; belly grayish ; several large gray- ish spots along sides (a very characteristic mark of the species, absent in P. humeralis) ; opercles bronze-yellow, lower lip light yellow ; pec- torals bronze above, dusky beneath ; dorsal spines dusky, membrane saffron ; caudal grayish dusky, angles with orange tips ; posterior rays of anal orange-tipped, the rest grayish dusky ; ventrals pale dusky with rays orange-tipped. 73. PRIONODES FASCIATUS Jenyns. Prionodes fasdatus JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 46, 1840, Chatham Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1213, 1896. Serranus psittacinus, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed., 295. Range. — Pacific Coast of Mexico, Panama, Revillagigedo Islands, Galapagos Islands (Chatham, Hood, Indefatigable, Albemarle). 74. PRIONODES STILBOSTIGMA Jordan & Bollman. Prionodes stilbostigma JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 158 (Galapagos Archipelago). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 1216, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. One specimen dredged in 45 fathoms by the Albatross (iSSy-'SS) near Hood Island, o° 50' S. ; 89° 36' W. 75. PARANTHIAS FURCIFER (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Serranus furcifer CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 264, 1828, Brazil. Serranus colonus VALENCIENNES, Voyage Venus, Zool., 300, pi. 2, fig. I, 1846, Galapagos Islands. Paranthias furcifer, BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes, Brit. Mus., 2d Ed., I, 273. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1221, 1896. Range. — Both coasts of tropical America; Revillagigedo and Galapagos islands. This fish is very abundant about the Galapagos Islands. We have specimens from Tagus Cove, Albemarle; James; Charles; Seymour; SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 373 Chatham ; Duncan, and Hood. At Cocos it was not seen. It is known from Clarion, Socorro and San Benedicto islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. 76. PRONOTOGRAMMUS MULTIFASCIATUS Gill. Pronotogrammus multifasciatus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 81, Cape San Lucas. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1226, 1896. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898, 278 (Clarion Island). Anthias miiltifasciatus ; BOULENGER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 2dEd., I, 323, 1895. — CARMAN, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, xxiv, Rep. Expl. U. S. S. Albatross during 1891, xxvi, Fishes, 47, 1899. Range. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California ; Revillagigedo and Cocos islands. Taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Clarion Island, and dredged near Cocos Island by the Albatross (Agassiz Expedition, 1891) in 66 fathoms. 77. RYPTICUS BICOLOR (Valenciennes). Smecticus bicolor VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, Poissons, 307, pi. I, fig. 2, 1855, Galapagos Islands. Rypticus bicolor, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., i, 1231, 1896. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. This species is known only from the description and figure of Va- lenciennes, whose specimen was taken at the Galapagos Islands by the Venus. We did not meet with the species. Family PRIACANTHID^E. 78. PRIACANTHUS CRUENTATUS (Lacepede). Labrus cruentatus LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 522, 1800, Martinique. Priacanthus carolinus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , in, Addenda, 2858, 1898. —JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 278 (Socorro and Clarion islands). Priacanthus cruentatus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , i, 1238, 1896. Range. — West Indies; Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. We have 14 specimens of a Priacanthus taken at the Galapagos and Cocos islands, which we cannot distinguish from the West In- dian species, P. cruentatus. It was most abundant at Cocos Island where most of our specimens were obtained, but we have i speci- men from Tagus Cove, Albemarle, and 2 from Harrington of the Galapagos. We have further compared these specimens with those Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1905. 374 SNODGRASS AND HELLER from the Revillagigedo Archipelago identified by Jordan and McGre- gor as Priacanthus carolinus, and can find no constant difference among the specimens from the 3 localities. The length of the preopercular spine varies, in some it reaches the edge of the opercle and in others it does not. In a specimen in the Stanford University collection from Jamaica, 190 mm. long, the spine is short, not reaching the edge of the opercle, while in a speci- men from Bahia 93 mm. in length, the tip of the spine projects be- yond the opercle. The depth also varies, the smaller specimens being the more slender and duplicating the proportions of the Jamaica speci- men (see below). Color in life. — Bright metallic red, darkening to crimson on back ; head and belly silvery-red ; membrane of spinous dorsal blotched with olive and red; soft dorsal and ventrals red ; anal crimson with faint dusky bars, black-tipped ; pectorals pale red ; lips and snout olive- red; iris red. (Barrington specimen.) MEASUREMENTS, FIN RAYS AND SCALES OF Priacanthus cruentatus. Locality. Albemarle. Barrington. i I 1 rt >— » rt I No. Stanford University Museum Length in mm ... 12327 24. ^ 12328 240 12329 21? 12330 2OO 4816 iqr 1596 Q2 Depth 4O 7Q VI 77 VJ AT. Head 7-2 77 7C •7-1 •74. 77 Eye Jl IT, *3 14 1C Pectoral 18 18 IQ 18 IQ 20 Ventral 20 21 21 IQ 22 24 Number of dorsal spines X x x x9 x X Number of second dorsal rays 17 17 I« \\ M M 14 14 14 14 14 14 Scales on lateral line 67 67 60 62 62 66 Family LUTIANIDJE. 79. LUTIANUS VIRIDIS (Valenciennes). Diacope viridis VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, 303, pi. i, fig. 2 (poor representation of the species), 1845, Galapagos Islands. Evoplitis viridis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1246, 1898. Range. — Tres Marias, Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 375 We have 50 specimens taken at James, Tower, Barringtorf* and Seymour islands of the Galapagos Archipelago and at Cocos Island. The species was described by Valenciennes from specimens taken at the Galapagos Islands and has since been taken at the Tres Marias and Revillagigedo islands. We found the species very abundant at James, Seymour and Cocos, but about Tagus Cove, Albemarle, where most species were numer- ous, we saw only a very few and were not able to secure any specimens. So. LUTIANUS JORDANI (Gilbert). Neomanis jordani GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1251, 1898, Panama. Lutianus jordani, GILBERT & STARRS, Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv, 1904, 102. Range. — Panama, Cocos Island. Seventeen specimens from Cocos Island. They are about 230 mm. in length. The vomerine teeth form a diamond-shaped patch of which the posterior sides are considerably longer than the anterior. Si. LUTIANUS ARGENTIVENTRIS (Peters). Mesoprion argentiventris PETERS, Berlin. Monatsbr. 1869, 704, Mazatlan. Neomccnis argentiventris, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North & Mid. Amer., n, 1260, 1898. Lutianus argentiventris, GILBERT & STARKS, Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv, 1904, 103. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America ; Cocos and Galapagos islands. Six small specimens from Chatham, about 55 mm. long, have a dis- tinct bright blue subocular band reaching from below anterior part of eye almost to posterior angle of opercle, and a dark postocular band reaching from eye as far as the beginning of lateral line. Specimens in the Stanford University collection from Guaymas, 130 mm. long, have the subocular band somewhat broken posteriorly while the upper one is obsolete. In specimens up to this size the eye is on a line with the snout and the angle of the opercle, but in specimens 400 mm. in length, the eye is considerably above a line connecting these 2 points. The subocular band in specimens of this size is either absent or apparently represented by a row of spots which bends downward in front of the eye and extends forward toward the snout oh a lower level. 82. XENOCYS JESSIE Jordan & Bollman. Xenocys Jessies JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 160, Charles Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1285, 1898. 37^ SNODGRASS AND HELLER Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Known only from the Galapagos Islands. Our specimens from Tagus Cove, Turtle Point and Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle ; Tower ; South Seymour and Mangrove Point, Narboro. The species is gen- erally found in large numbers when met with at all, forming schools of great size. We did not often obtain specimens, but sometimes with i discharge of dynamite we killed many hundreds of them. 83. XENICHTHYS AGASSIZI Steindachner. Xenichthys agassizi STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrage, in, 6, 1875, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , 11, 1287, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. This fish, like the last, which it resembles, is known only from the Galapagos Archipelago. It is rather rare. We obtained specimens only at Tagus Cove, Albemarle, and at Mangrove Point on the east side of Narboro. Family H^EMULID^). 84. ANISOTREMUS SURINAMENSIS (Bloch). Lutjanus surinamensis BLOCK, Ichthyol., 253, 1791, Surinam. Anisotremus bilineatus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Hood and Indefatigable islands). Anisotremus interruptus (in part), JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1319, 1898. Anisotremus surinamensis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1318, 1898. Range. — Eastern shore of tropical America; Galapagos Islands. The 2 species, Anisotremus surinamensis and A. interruptus, are distinguishable from each other by scarcely any other character than the presence in A. surinamensis generally of 9 rows of scales in an oblique series from the first dorsal spine to the lateral line, and the presence generally of only 7 in A. interruptus. The i species in- habits the eastern shores of tropical America and the other the western shores and the Revillagigedo Islands. The Galapagos specimens verv curiously appear to belong to the former species rather than to the latter, the number of scales in an oblique row in the majority of our specimens being 9, in a few 8. This same fact is stated by Jordan and Evermann as being true of their specimens. They, however re- gard the Galapagos specimens as belonging to the west coast species. Our specimens are from Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay, Albe- marle ; Charles and Seymour. The species was taken by the Albatross also at Hood and Indefatigable. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 377 Color in life. — Above silvery dusky, shading into golden about caudal peduncle ; mouth whitish ; pectoral dusky at base, fin amber ; ventrals olive ; caudal olive with the rays tipped with orange. 85. ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (Gill). Genytremus interruptus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 256, Cape San Lucas. Anisotremus interruptus , JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 278 (Clarion and Socorro islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1319, 1898. Range. — Magdalena Bay to Panama ; Clarion and Socorro islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. We have compared Revillagigedo specimens with the Galapagos specimens of Anisotremus surinamensis and find that the 2 are cer- tainly different in the respect stated under A. surinamensis. 86. ANISOTREMUS SCAPULARIS (Tschudi). Pristipoma scapulare TSCHUDI, Fauna Peruana, 12, 1844, Huacho. Anisotremus scapularis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1320. Range. — Mazatlan (?), coast of Peru, Cocos and Galapagos islands. We have 27 specimens of this species taken at the Galapagos Islands and one from Cocos Island. The Galapagos specimens are from Tagus Cove, Albemarle; James; Duncan; and Hood. This is the first record of the species from the Galapagos Archipelago. The specimens differ from 2 of Anisotremus scapularis in the Stanford University collection from Callao, Peru, merely in being of a general darker shade of color on the upper half, ajid in having the black of the axis and base of the pectoral not so dark and less definitely outlined. Color in life of a typical Galapagos specimen. — Above silvery greenish-blue, below white ; fins dark bluish-gray ; a few broad indistinct dusky vertical bands on sides ; preopercles and snout pur- plish ; iris white or silvery. The bands on the sides are not very definite markings and disappear soon after the fish is taken from the water. 87. ORTHOPRISTIS FORBESI Jordan & Starks. Orthopristis forbesi JORDAN & STARKS in Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896 (1897), 443, Albemarle Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1336, 1898. SNODGRASS AND HELLER Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Described from 2 specimens taken at Albemarle. We have 10 specimens from Chatham and one from Charles. Orthopristis forbesi, according to Jordan and Starks and Jordan and Evermann, differs from the other American species of the genus principally in having smaller scales and a greater number of them — 80 to 95 in longitudinal series. Our specimens, however, all about a foot long, do not agree in this respect with the type description — the number of scales varying from 66 to 78 (66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75> 76» 78)- The dorsal rays are XII, 15; XII, 16; XIII, 15; anal rays III, n ; III, 12. Color in life. — Above dusky brownish; belly and sides grayish with faint purplish and bluish-green iridescence ; several faint dusky vertical bars on sides, disappearing soon after death ; lips grayish- white; membrane of spinous dorsal livid bluish, spines blue-green; membrane of soft dorsal dusky; pectoral pale dusky; caudal dark with pale border posteriorly; opercular flap dark brown; iris brown. A specimen in the Stanford University collection, taken by the Albatross at Albemarle, has faint spots on the membranes of the soft dorsal as described by Jordan and Starks for the type. None of our specimens shows these spots. 88. ORTHOPRISTIS LETHOPRISTIS Jordan & Fesler. Orthopristis lethopristis JORDAN & FESLER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1 889, 36, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1340, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Heretofore only the type of this species known. We have 4 speci- mens, the longest 330 mm. in length, from Tagus Cove, Albemarle, and Duncan. All of our specimens have a slight serration on the bony posterior margin of the preopercle, being not " strictly entire" as described by Jordan and Evermann. Each has a wide band of scales on the mem- brane of the soft dorsal and of the anal back of each ray reaching to the margin of the fin. MEASUREMENTS, FIN RAYS AND SCALES OF Orthopristis letJlO- -pristis. Length in mm . . . 26* 27O 26*; •joo Depth •1C Id 16 O*** 12 XTT XTT XIII XII 1C 16 jr 16 Second anal rays.. .... . . . J J 8 j j j j Scales on lateral line.... 70 6d 60 60 SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 379 Color in life. — Above grayish-olive, bluish iridescence before dorsal fin, greenish on sides of back; sides dusky grayish; belly lighter brownish-gray ; center of each scale dusky brown, the spots forming longitudinal streaks following the rows of scales, most dis- tinct above the lateral line ; snout and sides of head dusky-olive with greenish iridescence ; opercular flap dark brown or black ; lips livid grayish; iris golden; fins dusky, spines bluish, rays of soft dorsal and of anal greenish ; caudal dark at tip, lighter olive in middle ; pec- torals and ventrals dark ; their rays dark bluish-gray. 89. ORTHOPRISTIS CHALCEUS (Gunther). Pristipoma chalceum GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 146, Panama. Orthopristis chalceiis, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Albemarle, Chatham, Charles islands). — EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv., 1891, 149 (Guaymas). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., II, 1337, 1898. Range. - — Pacific coast of tropical America ; Galapagos Archi- pelago. Taken at Charles, Chatham, and Albemarle by the Albatross. 90. ORTHOPRISTIS CANTHARINUS (Jenyns). Pristipoma cantharinum JENYNS, Zool. of the Beagle, Fishes, 49, 1842, Gala- pagos Islands. Orthopristis cantharinus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , n, 1339, J898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Obtained by Darwin and by the Hasslar Expedition. Family SPARID^E. 91. CALAMUS TAURINUS (Jenyns). Chrysophrys taurina JENYNS, Zool. of Beagle, Fishes, 56, pi. vn, fig. 12, 1842, Galapagos Islands. Chrysophrys cyanoptera VALENCIENNES, Voyage Venus, v, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1846, Charles Island. Calamus taurmus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Charles Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1354, 1898. Range. — Peru ; Galapagos Archipelago. We have 10 specimens from Mangrove Point, Narboro, and from Seymour. Not common anywhere. A number were taken with hook and line in about 15 fathoms off the west shore of the southern Seymour Island, but only i or 2 specimens taken with dynamite in shallow water. 380 SNODGRASS AND HELLER 92. ARCHOSARGUS POURTALESII (Steindachner). Sargus portalesii STEINDACHNER, Fische Afrikas, 39, 1881, Galapagos Islands. Archosargus pourtalesii, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Chatham Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1360, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. We have 10 specimens all taken at Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle. The Albatross obtained one specimen at Chatham. Body very deep, much compressed, dorsal profile evenly convex from snout to base of caudal peduncle, a rounded elevation before eyes ; mouth much below the longitudinal axis of the body, lower profile evenly rounded but less convex than dorsal profile ; pectoral long and narrow, base as wide as eye, upper rays longest; caudal deeply forked ; dorsal spines all short, those back of the third, of equal length, the first 3 shorter, the first shortest, the second and third of equal length, the second much thicker than the third ; enlarged incisors in front of jaws -|, wide, flat, constricted at base ; smaller molar teeth on sides of jaws. Color in life. — Above and on sides metallic green-blue ; sides with 7 longitudinal gold stripes, a black spot above base of pectoral; snout mottled olive and brown, sides of head silvery-copper; underparts white ; iris golden-brown ; pectorals light dusky ; ventrals white", dusky at tips; dorsal spines dark brown, membrane of spinous dorsal amber, with bluish area basally back of each spine ; anal brownish, spines amber, membrane and rays pale ; caudal dusky. MEASUREMENTS, FIN RAYS AND SCALES OF ArchosargUS f talesii. Length in mm .... 1^,4 ICQ 147 144 121 I -I 7 Depth °2 46 47 en co C2 46 Head 26 2Q 28 2Q 28 28 Pectoral 4O 4O AA 47 42 41 Ventral IQ 2O 21 2o 21 20 Eve JQ 16 17 16 29 Number of dorsal spines. XIII XII XII XIII XIII XIII Number of second dorsal rays .. IO ii ii IO IO IO Number of second anal rays IO IO IO IO 12 IO Scales on lateral line... 46 44 46 4Q 44 45 Family GERRID^. 93. EUCINOSTOMUS DOWI (Gill). Diapterus down GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 162, Panama. Gerres dovii, STEINDACHNER, Ichthyologische Beitrage (iv), Sitzb. der k. Akad. Wissensch., vol. LXXII, part I, Dec., 1875, 13 (Callao, Peru: Galapagos Islands). OF SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 381 Gerresdowi, EVERMANN & MEEK, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1886, 259. Eucinostomus dowt, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1367, 1898. Range Panama, Callao, Peru ; Galapagos Islands. One specimen taken at Chatham Island which differs somewhat from descriptions of 22. doivi also from specimens of the same in the Stanford University collection from Panama, in being less deep, in having the ventral profile of the body almost straight, and in having a more angulated profile from the snout to the dorsal. These are charac- ters, however, subject to much variation. This one specimen is all that we saw, but Steindachner states that the species is present in great numbers about the shores of the Galapagos Islands. Xystcema cinerus is in external appearance extremely similar to Eucinostomus dowi, and is a common Galapagos fish. Hence it might be possible that Steindachner mistook this species for the other, for only on dissecting out the second interhaemal bone would one suspect the two to be dif- ferent if the specimens were mixed together and not examined care- fully. Since, however, the characters by which our specimen differs from the mainland specimens of Eucinostomus doivi are such that one specimen would not suffice for the determining of a species we simply give the following description of it. More material must be obtained to show whether the Galapagos form is E. dowi or an unde- scribed form : Length 160 mm.; depth 3; head 3^; eye 2-f- in head; pectoral very slightly longer than head ; ventral 2j in head ; depth of caudal peduncle 3^ in head; snout from eye 3^- in head ; first dorsal spine if in head; third anal spine 3-^ in head; upper lobe of caudal i^- in head; dorsal IX, 10; anal III, 7. General shape somewhat elongate, mouth placed below longitudinal axis of body, oblique ; profile of head straight from tip of snout to top of supraoccipital crest, from here to front of dorsal straight forming an obtuse angle with the part in front ; lower profile of body straight and horizontal from first anal spine to isthmus of gill-opening ; men- tal profile slightly concave ; first, second and third dorsal spines high- est, equal, those back of the third graduated decreasingly to the last ; first soft ray abruptly higher, the following successively shorter to the last ; first soft ray of anal a little longer than the third spine, about same length as first soft dorsal ray, the following rays graduated to last, which equals last dorsal ray ; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe somewhat the longer; nostrils unequal, the anterior the smaller; maxillary reaching the front of the orbit, exposed part elongate ovate, 382 SNODGRASS AND HELLER the forward end acute ; preopercle entire, its upper limb inclined very slightly back of perpendicular; space between orbits equal to verti- cal diameter of eye; premaxillary groove about 5 in interorbital space; eye elliptical, the longer axis longitudinal; teeth very small, a very narrow band along sides of jaws, a larger group in front of each jaw; snout, premaxillary grooves, preorbitals, jaws and chin naked, rest of head scaled; scales all large on body, especially below lateral line ; ridges along middle of scales forming conspicuous longi- tudinal series on sides of body, 10 below lateral line ; dorsal and anal each with rather high membranous sheath at base, that of dorsal with scales indistinct except posteriorly, that of anal densely scaled through- out ; lateral line gently and regularly curved on the body, straight on the caudal peduncle; crossed by 47 rows of scales. Color. — Plain silvery, dorsal fin punctate with minute spots of black pigment. 94. XYST^MA CINEREUM (Walbaum). Trudus cinereus peltatus CATESBY, Nat. Hist. Carolinas, 1731, Bahamas. Mugil cinereus WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 228, 1792, Bahamas. Gerres cinereus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 (Chat- ham Island). Xystama cinereum, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid.'Amer., n, 1372, 1898. Range. — Both shores of tropical America ; Galapagos Islands. We have specimens of this species from Narboro; Elizabeth Bay and Tagus Cove, Albemarle ; Chatham ; and some very small ones from a salt lake in an old crater near Tagus Cove, now entirely shut off from the ocean. Family KYPHOSIME. 95. DOYDIXODON FREMINVILLEI Valenciennes. Doydixodon freminvillei VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, v, 323, pi. 5, 1855, Galapagos Islands. ? Doydixodon fasciatum KNER & STEINDACHNER, Neue Fische aus Mus. Godeffroy, Sitzb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, LIV, Pt. I, 3, 1866, pi. II, fig. 2, Iquique, Peru. Doydixodon freminvillei, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , n, 1382, 1898. — ABBOTT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1889, 351. Valenciennes first described and figured this species from a specimen taken at the Galapagos Islands by the Venus. Since then, 1855, very little more has been known of the species. In 1866 Kner and Stein- dachner described a Doydixodon from Iquique, Peru, which they named fasciatum. Their description and figure are, however, from a very small specimen having broad vertical bands on the sides, and it SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 383 may be probable that it is a young individual of Doydixodon fremin- villei, for the other differences between it and the adults of the latter species are shown by different-aged specimens in our collection. We have about 50 specimens from Tagus Cove and Iguana Cove, Albemarle; from the east side and Mangrove Point of Narboro, James; Duncan; Chatham; Charles; and Seymour. About Tagus Cove the species was very abundant, occurring in large schools along the shore in shallow water and feeding at the surface. Description of a typical specimen. — General appearance thick, deep and heavy ; head especially large, being wider than the body, profile of snout straight and steep, forming a prominent obtuse angle with the profile from the eyes to the front of the dorsal. Lips thick; premaxillary and maxillary both thick, the latter deeply concealed be- neath the suborbital ; distal part of premaxillary rudimentary being cartilaginous and fibrous, the bony part forming only front of jaw ; a strong process from near outer end of posterior margin hooks upward around the lower margin of maxillary. Teeth only in front of jaws, similar, in several rows ; each tooth consisting of 2 parts, one short, flat, vertical, forming the cutting part of the tooth, the other elongate, slender and horizontal, forming a right angle with the first and directed backward from it to its insertion posteriorly ; each nos- tril somewhat tubular, the 2 equal, placed below the center of the pupil ; preopercle entire, its angle rounded, the upper limb inclined a little backward ; opercle with a short, wide, flat spine. Spinous dorsal very low, spines short and thick, depressed in a groove, alter- nating, one more to right, next more to left, etc. ; twelfth longest, £ greater than eye ; last closely united to the soft dorsal ; soft dorsal compared with spinous dorsal rather high, evenly rounded, the middle rays longest ; anal spines short, thick and evenly graduated ; soft anal higher than soft dorsal, acutely angulated, the fourth and fifth rays longest; both fins much thickened at their bases; dorsal XII, 15; anal III, 15 ; caudal short, wide, posterior margin lunate, the upper lobe a little the longer, somewhat shorter than the head ; pectoral wide, reaching to near tip of ventral ; lateral line rather high, concurrent with the back; scales large, cycloid, 51 in lateral line; head naked except occipital region, supra-opercular region and median part of preopercle ; membranes of soft dorsal, soft anal, pectoral and caudal with small scales on their margins. The description quoted by Jordan and Evermann (Fishes of North and Middle America, II, p. 1382) for Doydixodon is from Giinther, but belongs to another genus. The teeth are not " tricuspid." 384 SNODGRASS AND HELLER MEASUREMENTS, FIN RAYS AND SCALES OF Doydtxodou freminvillei. No. Stanford University Museum. 12308 12309 12310 12311 12312 Length in mm ^10 2QO -2-J-J •i OS •J4.8 Depth 47 «yu 4.6 AT. 47 45 Head ^2 71 •JI ^2 T.2 Eye 18 18 18 18 17 Pectoral 74 76 7t: 7O 77 Ventral 1:7 62 ^6 56 61 Number of first dorsal spines 12 12 12 12 12 Number of second dorsal rays . . .... 18 ICT 16 iq 16 Number of second anal rays .. 12 12 12 12 12 Scales in lateral line... 54 55 1C I 52 51 96. KYPHOSUS ANALOGUS (Gill). Pimelepterus analogus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 245, Cape San Lucas. Kyphosus analogus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1385, 1898. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, 278 (Clarion and Socorro islands). Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico, Panama, Clarion and Socorro islands. 97. KYPHOSUS ELEGANS (Peters). Pimelepterus elegans PETERS, Berliner Monatsberichte, 707, 1869, Mazatlan. Kyphosus elegans, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1387, 1898. Range. — West coast of Mexico ; Revillagigedo, Cocos and Gala pagos islands. One adult of this species taken at Cocos Island, and one young one taken at Mangrove Point, Narboro. The species is known from both Clarion and Socorro islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. 98. KYPHOSUS LUTESCENS (Jordan & Gilbert). Pimelepterus lutescens JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 229, Socorro Island. Kyphosus lutescens, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., u, 1388, 1898. —JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, 278 (Clarion Island). Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Family SCI^NID^E. 99. CORVULA EURYMESOPS Heller & Snodgrass. Cotvula eurymesops HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 195, Charles Island. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 385 ioo. SCLENA PERISSA Heller & Snodgrass. Scicena perissa HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 197, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. 1 01. UMBRINA GALAPAGORUM Steindachner. Umbrina galapagorum STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vn, 20, 1888, James Is- land, Galapagos. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1468, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Known only from Steindachner's specimens. Family CIRRHITID^). 102. CIRRHITUS RIVULATUS Valenciennes. Cirrhites rivulatus VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, Poiss., 309, pi. 3, fig. i, 1855, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898, 283 (Clarion and Socorro islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1491, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America ; Revillagigedo and Galapagos islands. This species was taken first at the Galapagos Islands by the Venus, and has since been found at Clarion and Socorro islands and along the Pacific Coast of Tropical America as far north as Cape San Lucas. We have one specimen, about 12 inches long, taken in a tide-pool by Captain W. P. Noyes at Tower Island. Depth of body 2-|; D. X, ii ; A. Ill, 6. Family POMACENTRID^E. 103. AZURINA EUPALAMA Heller & Snodgrass. Azurina eupalama HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 198, pi. v, Hood Island. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Charles and Hood). Genus POMACENTRUS. The following is the history of the Pacific American species of Po- macentrus. In 1845, Tschudi (Fauna Peruana, Ichthy., 17} described the species Pomacentrus latifrons, from Huacho. We have not seen this species but according to Tschudi's description it must differ from all the other Pacific-American forms in having the dorsal rays XIII, 20, instead of XII, 15. 386 SNODGRASS AND HELLER In 1862, Gill (Proc. Ac. Nat. Set. Phila. 1862, 148) described 2 species of Pomacentrus from Cape San Lucas — P. rectifrcenum and P. Jlavilatus, the type of each being an immature specimen. Later in the same year, Giinther (Cat., IV, 27, 1862) published, from Gill's manuscript, the description of a third species, Pomocentrus analiguttata Gill. This species Gill himself in the following year retracted. In 1863, Gill (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 215) redescribed P. rectifrcenum and P. flavilatus. In these descriptions, based on a greater number of specimens, the difference described between the types of the 2 species is much less prominent. Giinther, in 1866 (Fishes of Central America, 445) regarded Gill's 2 types, Pomacentrus rectifrcenum and P. Jlavilatus, as simply 2 color forms of the same species, P. rectifrcenum. In 1891, Gilbert (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 554) described the species P. leucorus, distinguished from the other species by having the pectorals tipped with orange (white in alcohol) and posteriorly bordered with white. The type specimens of this species are from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, but the species is abundant also at both Cocos and the Galapagos islands. Jordan, 1896 (Fishes of Sinaloa, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Series, Vol. v, 1895 (1896), 474, described as Eupomacentrus Jlavilatus, a very young example from Mazatlan, about J inch in length. In 1899 Jordan and McGregor (Fishes of Revillagigedo Archi- pelago and neighboring Islands, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm.for 1898, 282, 1899) recorded from Clarion and Socorro islands, 6 specimens of a Pomacentrus that they identified as P. rectrifrcenum, and 12 others that they identified as adults of P. Jlavilatus. We have examined this Revillagigedo material and find that, excluding P. leucorus with orange-tipped pectorals, it includes only one species — not 2 as identified by Jordan and McGregor. Further- more, we have examined both young and adult examples from Panama which are certainly P. rectifrcenum Gill. The Revillagigedo adults are not the same species as the Panama adults, and the young are neither P. rectifrcenum Gill nor P. Jlavilatus Gill. Hence, we have described the Revillagigedo form as a distinct species — Poma- centrus redemptus (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 200, pi. vi). At Cocos and the Galapagos islands there occur 2 species of Pomacentrus — one is P. leucorus, the other we have described as P. arcifrons (ibid, 202, pi. vn). In 1904, Gilbert and Starks (Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv, 141, pi. xxi) described the species P. gilli from Panama. SHORE FISHES 'OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 387 Adults that are surely P. flavilatus have, thus far never been re- ported. If P. gilli Gilbert & Starks is not the adult of P. Jlavilatus Gill, it is probably likely that P. rectifrcenum Gill and P. Jlavilatus Gill are the same species, as Giinther concluded. There are, therefore, 6 species of Pomacentrus in the Eastern Pacific — P. latifrons Tschudi along the coast of South America ; P. rectifrcenum Gill and P. gilli Gilbert & Starks along the coast of Mexico and Central America ; P. leucorus Gilbert at the Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands ; P. redemptus Heller and Snodgrass at the Revillagigedo Islands ; and P. arcifrons Heller and Snodgrass at Cocos and the Galapagos Islands. 104. POMACENTRUS LEUCORUS Gilbert. Pomacentrus leucorus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 554, Socorro Island. Rupomacentrus leucorus, JORDAN & McGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 282 (Socorro, Clarion, San Benedicto islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., II, 1551, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. This is the first record of the species from Cocos and the Galapagos Islands. Somewhat rare at the former locality, extremely abundant at the latter, where, together with P. arcifrons, probably outnumbering any other species of the islands. The young are hard to obtain since they live amongst the rocks at the bottom of shallow water and scarcely ever float when killed with dynamite. Their bright colors, however, make them conspicuous objects and, when dead, they can be picked up with a long-handled spear. Diagnosis. — Easily distinguished from all the other species by the white and orange tip of the pectoral ; forehead evenly retreating from snout to front of dorsal, and preopercle narrow, both as in P. redemptus ; serrations of opercle minute ; lips dark, same color as head ; young without blue mark on scales, posterior half of caudal peduncle pale. Color in life of a typical adult. — Above reddish-brown, belly and sides pale dusky ; lips and snout livid grayish ; iris purple, a golden spot above pupil ; opercle with bluish black spot at upper margin ; dorsal and anal like sides, with black tips ; caudal black ; pectoral light brown at base, black beyond, posteriorly white bordered with tip orange, caudal peduncle paler than rest of body ; the white posterior border and orange tip of the pectoral forming a conspicuous mark of the species. The orange tip is not mentioned by Gilbert whose de- scription is from alcoholic material. Color in life of a typical young example. — Above bright coppery- 388 SNODGRASS AND HELLER red; sides bluish-black; belly bluish-gray; tip of snout dark blue; chin like belly; cheeks coppery; opercle black-bordered; iris silvery- dusky with an inner red ring; spinous dorsal with spines cardinal, membrane dusky ; rays of soft dorsal blackish, purple spot at base, membrane black ; a large ocellus on side of soft dorsal with red margin and dark blue center; pectorals, ventrals and anal dark, the last with blue spots at the base posteriorly ; caudal lighter dusky, peduncle very light; pectoral with light olive spot at tip. The young of different ages show the following changes : I. (Specimen 54 mm. long.) General color like that of adult. Posterior part of caudal peduncle pale yellowish ; a large round black spot on base of anterior part of soft dorsal ; a large quadrate white spot (orange in life?) at tip of pectoral, ventrally dark color extending between white spot and edge of fin. II. (Specimen 38 mm. long.) Color same as last with exception of white on pectoral, which here forms a large oval spot, having longer diameter longitudinal, very slightly in front of tip of fin. III. (Specimen 31 mm. long.) White spot on pectoral very small, considerably in front of tip of fin, same shape as in last ; spot on base of anterior part of soft dorsal conspicuously ocelliform, having a wide pale border around the dark center (this character, however, probably, simply faded from others), the whole encroaching much on the side of the back. MEASUREMENTS, FIN RAYS AND SCALES OF PomacentrUS leu- corus. No. Stanford University Museum. 12269 12270 12271 12272 Length in mm ... . .. 118 IO7 105 104. IO"* Depth .... cr 48 C2 C7 C2 Head .. ?O •2Q •11 "3.2 -JI Pectoral 27 25, 27 28 27 Ventral 2Q 28 2Q •3.2 \2 Eye... 27 28 ^O 78 27 ^O ^O ^O 71 ^O Preorbital 17 14 17 14. 14 Number of dorsal spines . XTT XII XTT XII XII Number of second dorsal rays . 1C 1C 1C 1C 1C Number of second anal rays I* !•! I-J I-I I? 27 26 25 2C 26 Scales on lateral line 20 20 20 20 20 Description of adult examples. — Almost identical in every respect, except color, with Pomacentrus redemptus, the only differences between specimens of equal length being as follows : Upper profile of SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 389 head conspicuously not so steep, in P. leucorus evenly retreating from snout to front of spinous dorsal or but gently curved, never steep and bulging in front or almost vertical before eyes ; serrations on preoper- cle and suborbital much finer, especially those on the preopercle ; pre- orbital less deep, being about J of eye while in P. redemptus it is almost as deep as eye ; fins and profile of body same in the 2 species. 105. POMACENTRUS REDEMPTUS Heller & Snodgrass. Eupomacentrus rectifrcenum, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 282 (Clarion and Socorro islands). Eupomacentrus flavilatus, JORDAN & McGREGOR, ibid., 282 (Clarion, Socorro and San Benedicto islands). Pomacentrus redemptus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 200, pi. vi, Clarion Island. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Similar in shape to Pomacentrus jenkinsi Jordan & Evermann1 of the Hawaiian Islands. Differs from this species in having the subor- bital serrated and in having (in alcohol) a yellow color diffused over the caudal peduncle and the posterior part of the body. 106. POMACENTRUS ARCIFRONS Heller & Snodgrass. Pomacentrus arcifrons HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 202, pi. vn, Barrington Island. Range. — Cocos and Galapagos islands. A very abundant species ; easily recognized by the strongly arcuate profile of the forehead and top of head, and by the bright orange color of the lips. 107. NEXILARIUS CONCOLOR (Gill). Euchistodus concolor GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Phila. 1862, 145, lanama. Nexilarius concolor, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1559, 1898. Range. — West coast of tropical America and Galapagos Archi- pelago. We have one specimen of this species taken at Elizabeth Bay, Al- bemarle Island, Galapagos. Length, 137 mm. Color in life. — Above dark brownish-olive ; sides with 4 broad, vertical bars of dark brown, a yellowish tinge on areas between the bars ; a straw-yellow blotch behind pectoral ; dorsal and anal fins tipped with bright greenish-blue ; ventrals bright green ; other fins dusky. 1Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902 (1903), 189. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1905. SNODGRASS AND HELLER 108. ABUDEFDUF MARGINATUS (Bloch). Chcetodon marginatus BLOCK, Ichthyol., vi, 73, pi. 207, 1788, Martinique. Abudefduf saxatilis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., ii, 1561, 1898. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898, 282 (Clarion Island). Glyphisodon saxatilis, GILBERT £ STARKS, Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv, 1904, 143 (Panama). Range. — Both coasts of tropical America ; West Indies ; Revil- lagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. Very similar to Hawaiian specimens recorded by Jenkins1 and by Jordan and Evermann 2 as Abudefduf abdominalis (C. & V.) Differs from this species in having the band on the caudal peduncle more dis- tinct and in lacking the spots on the base of the soft dorsal and the anal opposite the ends of this band. We have specimens from Charles Island and from Tagus Cove, Turtle Point, Elizabeth Bay and Iguana Cove, Albemarle. A small specimen 16 mm. long has the soft dorsal, soft anal, caudal and pectoral fins very pale, strongly contrasting with the other parts. Specimens larger than this, up to 25 mm., have these fins pale but darker than in the smaller ones. The vertical bars are present on speci- mens as small as 16 mm. in length. Specimens 10 mm. long, how- ever, have no stripes at all. 109. MICROSPATHODON BAIRDII (Gill). Pomacentrus bairdii GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 149, Cape San Lucas. Microspathodon bairdii, JORDAN^& EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , n, 1566, 1898. Range. — Pacific toast of Mexico and Central America; Revil- lagigedo and Galapagos islands. We have 4 large specimens of this species, the largest 270 mm. long, taken at Seymour, Charles and Hood islands. Color in life. — Above dark brown with purplish iridescence; throat and belly lighter brownish ; fins like back ; pectorals and ven- trals with distinct livid spots on membranes ; other fins with the spots very faint ; iris purple. no. MICROSPATHODON DORSALIS (Gill). Hypsypops dorsalis GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 147, Cape San Lucas. 1Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1902 (1903), 458. 2 Hawaiian Report. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 39! Microspathodon dorsalis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1568, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America ; Revilla- gigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. Of this species we have 17 specimens, the largest 200 mm. long, from Seymour, Harrington, Duncan and Charles islands and from Cocos Island. This species, as the last, has before this been known only from the Pacific coast of Mexico and Panama and from the Re- villagigedo Islands. Color in life. — Above and on sides bluish-black ; belly light gray- ish-blue ; fins like back, edged with lavender. in. NEXILOSUS ALBEMARLEUS Heller & Snodgrass. Nexilosus albemarleus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 204, pi. viii, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. This species, constituting the genus Nexilosus, differs from the genus Hypsypops in the same way that the genus Nexilarius Gilbert differs from Abudefduf, viz., in having the suborbital fused with the cheek. We have several specimens from Tagus Cove, Elizabeth Bay and Iguana Cove, Albemarle. Family LABRHXE. 112. BODIANUS DIPLOT-^NIUS (Gill). Harpe diplotcenia GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 140, female, Cape San Lucas. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. Sr Comm. for 1898, 181 (Clarion and Socorro islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1582, 1898. Range. — Cape San Lucas to Panama, Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos islands. We have 26 specimens from Cocos, Clipperton and the Galapagos islands — at the last locality from Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle ; James ; Charles ; Duncan ; Seymour ; Barrington ; Hood and Bindloe. Color of adult male in life. — Head lake-red, grayish on snout ; tip of under lip yellow ; lower jaw pinkish ; dorsum slate-greenish ; dor- sal spines green-blue, purple at tip ; soft dorsal at base greenish, pur- ple at tip, posterior rays cherry-red ; sides of body and belly light brownish-purple ; outer rays of tail purple, inner with greenish base, tips maroon ; chrome spot on side above pectoral ; pectoral blue on 392 SNODGRASS AND HELLER upper rays, rest bright red, upper angle black-tipped ; outer rays of ventrals purple, inner green, maroon-tipped; iris golden and red. Color of adult female in life. — Above olive, scales on sides with lake-red centers and olive borders ; 2 dark brown stripes on sides, 2 spots of same color on caudal peduncle, an olive maxillary stripe; belly lighter lake-red, a narrow faint purplish-olive border on scales ; snout mottled pinkish and olive ; iris whitish with inner yellow ring ; first and second dorsal spines bluish with red tips, others lake-red, membrane Indian-red ; last rays of soft dorsal orange, lighter at tips ; anal like dorsal ; caudal orange ; peduncle olive yellow ; pectoral light lake-red ; spine of ventral purplish-red, rays with crimson tips, fin lake and olive at base. The males of different ages vary much in shape and in contour of the fins. The smallest specimens, 270 mm. long, much resemble in shape the females. The snout is pointed, the swelling before the eye very slight and the angle of the caudal but little produced ; profile gradually rising from snout to first dorsal except for slight rise before eyes; soft dorsal and anal prolonged as far as base of caudal ; tips of pectorals each with a large prominent black spot just as in large speci- mens. As age increases the elevation before the eye becomes larger and the angles of the caudal and soft anal and dorsal increase. The largest specimens, 400 mm. long, have the snout very blunt, a large thick swelling before the eye having, in some specimens, the front surface very slightly receding. The soft anal and soft dorsal pro- longed posteriorly into long streamers reaching considerably past the median rays of the caudal, that of the anal generally longer than that of the dorsal. The caudal angles are also greatly produced and are tapering. All of our Galapagos specimens differ from a specimen from Clarion Island in having the snout blunter and the hump on the face smaller. Also the flap on the lower lip is smaller in most of our specimens, but this character is very variable and is not dependent on age — in some its width is but little more than half the diameter of the eye, while in others it is wider than the eye. 113. BODIANUS ECLANCHERI (Valenciennes). Cossyphus eclancheri VALENCIENNES, Voyage de la Venus, Zool., 340, Poiss., pi. 8, fig. 2, plates 1846, text 1855, Galapagos Islands. Harpe eclancheri, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1583, 1898, ibid. Check-list, 412. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 393 Found very common about Tagus Cove, Albemarle, but rare else- where about the islands. Obtained at Albemarle, Charles, Chatham and Barrington. Heretofore not reported since Valenciennes's descrip- tion of the type in 1855. Depth 2^ to 2-|. Hence Valenciennes's figure with a depth some- what more than 3 is not correct. Head 3 ; D. XII, 10. The males and females apparently do not differ much and both present the same variations. All of our specimens have the hump on the face larger than is shown in Valenciennes's figure and the snout is not so sharp, the dorsal profile of the head being steeper. Description of a typical specimen. — Profile of snout and lower jaw forming a large angle with each other, very obtuse and symmetric- ally rounded ; hump before and above eye, its anterior face almost vertical; profile from summit of hump to nape a little concave; soft dorsal and anal (in all cases) prolonged behind, but not reaching beyond base of caudal rays ; caudal truncate, the upper angle slightly produced, the lower rounded. (Both angles of caudal not equally produced as in Valenciennes's figure.) Outer rays of ventral long, slightly shorter than pectoral, latter fin wide ; eye small, 5 to 7 in head. Color in life. — Scarcely any 2 specimens are colored alike. The color of Valenciennes's figure is only one phase of the coloration of the species and is not typical. Some specimens are of a uniform dusky color; others are entirely pale-colored or have a few irregularly scattered blotches of black. A specimen of this sort was colored as follows : color above reddish-orange, purplish on sides of head, lighter below ; pectoral with blackish spot at base, above this dusky-grayish ; anal spines black ; ventral spine black ; caudal grayish, black on middle rays. Between these 2 extremes are all degrees of mixture of black and orange. In one specimen the entire fish is black except the head and a longitudinal band on upper half of tail, these parts being pale orange. Others have the head and most of the tail orange, with this color also running ventrally from each toward middle of belly. In others the paler color encroaches on the sides so that only the back and upper parts of the sides are black. In still others only a small amount of black is left — this being on the back about the base of the dorsal fin. Here is where the black appears always to make either its last resistance against the encroachment of the orange, or its beginning in replacing the orange. Our specimens are all of the same size and we have no way of knowing whether the black replaces the orange or vice versa, or whether the coloration changes at all with growth or is permanent throughout life. The position of the 2 394 SNODGRASS AND HELLER colors, however, would seem to indicate that one color replaces the other during the life of the individual. All grades from black to orange found at the same time of the year and at the same place. 114. PIMELOMETOPON DARWINII (Jenyns). Cossyphus darwinii JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 100, pi. 20, 1842, Chatham Island, Galapagos. Labrus aper VALENCIENNES, Voy. de la Venus, Zool., Poiss., 338, pi. 8, fig. i, 'plates 1846, text 1855, Galapagos Islands. Pimelometopon darwinii, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , n, 1586, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. Of this species we have 8 specimens from Tagus Cove and Eliza- beth Bay, Albemarle Island. Description of an adult male : Length 420 mm. ; head 3 ; depth 3 ; eye 7 in head ; profile of head from eye to tip of snout very steep, rising at an angle of 45 degrees; lower jaw large, thick, regularly rounded in ventral profile, so that snout and lower jaw are very blunt ; profile of head above eye to first dorsal spine gently rising, frontal hump present, but although large, not forming a prominent and abrupt swelling; body deepest through middle of pectoral; back of this regularly and symmetrically decreasing in depth to middle of caudal peduncle, back of middle of caudal peduncle enlarging again slightly; dorsal XII, 10; third to sixth rays of soft dorsal elongated, reaching to posterior third of caudal peduncle ; anal III, similar in shape to soft dorsal ; caudal lunate, upper rays the more produced (not equal as in Valencienne's figure) ; pectoral wide ; outer rays of ventral pro- duced, about equal to pectoral, ij^ in head; flap on lower lip small, \ of eye in depth. Color of male in life. — Above purplish-gray, below grayish-green ; a large golden blotch on side behind opercle above pectoral ; tip of lower jaw white ; fins light grayish olive. All of the males have the large yellow spot above the pectoral, and the character remains well on specimens kept in alcohol, so that it forms a very good distinguishing mark of the species. The females are much smaller than the males, the snout is pointed, the soft dorsal and anal fins and the ventrals are not prolonged, and the caudal lobes are generally equal (one has the upper longer). Color of females in life. — Following are the color descriptions of 2 females: (i) Ridge of back dark, sides reddish-purple, belly grayish ; upper surface of snout blue-gray, chin whitish ; vertical fins like back, ventrals like belly; iris purple. (2) Above light brownish SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 395 ridge of back grayish-lavender, pinkish tinge on sides, below whitish ; ventrals and anal light olive ; caudal brownish ; iris green with inner ring of red. 115. HALICHCERES NICHOLSI (Jordan & Gilbert). Platyglossus nicholsi JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 231, Socorro Island. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 182 (Charles Island, Galapagos). Iridio nicholsi, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., ii, 1591, 1898 ; ibid., Check-list, 412. Range. — Revillagigedo and Galapagos archipelagos. One specimen, 280 mm. long, from Charles Island. Depth a little greater than 3 ; head, to end of opercular flap, a little less than 3; D. IX, 13; A. Ill, 12; ventrals and pectorals about equal, i|- in hand; first anal spine very small, concealed by the skin; posterior border of caudal straight, angles not at all produced ; lateral line with tubes on 27 scales ; bent downward over 4 scales on the i9th oblique series of scales, and then again running on 5 others, so that it crosses only 24 oblique series; anterior canines i_l.; upper ones straight, directed forward, outward and downward; middle lower ones at symphysis of jaw, straight, projecting upward and forward be- tween upper ones ; outer lower ones projecting upward, outward and forward and then curving backward ; two small posterior canines in the upper jaw, each conical, directed downward. Color in life. — Above light olive, belly pale grayish, back darker than sides ; a blackish blotch behind head, brick-red below it ; sides of head with bright blue spots about eye, lavender spots. below level of mouth ; lips pinkish ; lower jaw barred with straw-yellow ; pec- toral bluish-black, base light olive with blue blotches ; three chrome- yellow blotches on sides above pectoral ; spine and border of first ray of ventral blue, rest of first ray hazel-brown, posteriorly bordered with blue, the other' rays pale, transparent; dorsal dusky brick-red near margin, at base spotted with green, just above base blue, edge of fin light blue ; membrane of caudal dusky-olive, spotted with blue, pos- terior border of fin red. 1 1 6. HALICHCERES SELLIFER (Gilbert). Halichoeres sellifer GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 67, Clarion Island. Iridio sellifer, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1592, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. 396 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Only the type is known, from Clarion Island of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. Collected by the Albatross in 1889. 117. PSEUDOJULIS ADUSTUS Gilbert. Pseudojulis adustus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 66, Socorro Island. Julidio adustus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. n, 1602, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Taken by the Albatross at Clarion Island, in 1889. No specimens recorded since. 1 1 8. PSEUDOJULIS NOTOSPILUS Giinther. Pseudojulis notospilus GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 26, Panama. Julidio notospilus, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 283 (Clarion Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1603, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico, Panama and Clarion Island of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. Taken at the last locality in 1897 by Mr. R. C. McGregor. 119. THALASSOMA SOCORROENSE Gilbert. Thalassoma socorroense GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 69, Socorro Island. Chlorichthys socorroensis, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1607, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Known only from Socorro Island, the type taken by the Albatross in 1889, and no other specimens obtained since. 120. THALASSOMA GRAMMATICUM Gilbert. Thalassoma grammaticum GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 68, Socorro and Clarion islands. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, 283 (Clarion Island). Chlorichthys grammaticus , JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1610, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Collected in 1889 at Clarion and Socorro islands by the Albatross, and in 1897 at Clarion by Mr. R. C. McGregor. 121. THALASSOMA VIRENS Gilbert. Thalassoma wrens GILBERT, Proc. U. Nat. Mus. 1890, 68, Socorro Island. Chlorichthys wrens, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , n, 1610, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 397 Taken at Socorro Island by the Albutross in 1889 and not reported since. % Family SCARID^E. 122. CALOTOMUS XENODON Gilbert. Calotomus xenodon GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 70, Socorro Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 11, 1626, 1898. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Known only from Socorro Island, where taken by the Albatross in 1889. 123. CALLYODON NOYESI (Heller & Snodgrass). Scarus noyesi HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 206, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Albemarle, Narboro, Duncan and Seymour). 124. CALLYODON PERRICO (Jordan & Gilbert). Scarus perrico JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 357, Mazatlan. Pseudoscarus perrico, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1658, 1898. Range. — West coast of Mexico and Galapagos Archipelago. This species has previously been known only from the west coast of Mexico. We have 3 specimens from Seymour Island, the longest 400 mm. in length. Color in life. — Above brown, darkest on back, lighter on sides; belly whitish ; dental plates, spots above eye, pectorals, dorsal, anal and ventral bright blue-green ; light green spot before eye ; lips same ; iris golden ; middle of pectoral olive-brown ; caudal with faint maroon bar near tip; membranes of dorsal and anal olive, spotted with blue- green; first rays of ventral olive. Family OPLEGNATHID^. 125. OPLEGNATHUS INSIGNE (Kner). Scaristoma insigne KNER, Sitz. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, LVI, 7, pi. 2, 1867, West coast of South America. Oplegnathus insignus, ABBOTT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, 359. Range. — West coast of South America, Galapagos Islands. The species of the genus Oplegnathus are few : one occurs on the west coast of South America and at the Galapagos Islands, the others in the western part of the Pacific. We have 9 adult examples of O. SNODGRASS AND HELLER insignis from Tagus Cove, Albemarle and Duncan Island, and 3 young ones from Iguana Cove. The species was described by Kner from an immature individual collected on the west coast of South America, and no others have until now been reported. Since this species undergoes, as do the other known members of the genus, strik- ing changes in color during growth from the very young to the adult, we give the following descriptions, based on our specimens. I. Specimen 20 mm. long. Ground color pale yellow ; side crossed by 5 black vertical bars, the first passing through eye, above which it turns backward to nape where it meets the one of opposite side ; the second runs from base of pectoral over posterior margin of opercle to ridge of back just in front of dorsal fin, meeting here the one on opposite side ; the third begins just beyond middle of pectoral, runs upward to base of sixth dorsal spine and then to margin of fin on sixth and seventh spines; the fourth begins on front of soft anal, extends to margin of front of soft dorsal; the fifth crosses base of caudal peduncle and is connected with fourth by black longitudinal band on soft dorsal and another on anal ; a very faint indication of a sixth bar at base of caudal fin ; ventrals black ; axil dusky. II. Specimen 32 mm. long. Longitudinal black bands on soft dor- sal and anal fins much wider than in I, appearing as dorsal and ventral anterior continuations of vertical stripe on base of caudal peduncle, connecting anteriorly with stripe from front of soft dorsal to front of anal ; stripe on base of caudal fin well marked, almost as broad as the others. III. Specimen 66 mm. long. All the markings of II present on this specimen. In addition soft dorsal and anal entirely dusky; a black spot on nape between stripes i and 2; a broken black vertical stripe between stripes 2 and 3, another between 3 and 4, and another between 4 and 5 ; a large circular black spot on middle of side of cau- dal peduncle ; indistinct spots on caudal beyond basal band. IV. Specimen 280 mm. long. Ground color above and on sides black, beneath pale yellowish ; sides, back (except snout) and all the fins closely covered by small oval yellow spots ; ventrals black apically. There is certainly a great difference in the coloration of specimens III and IV, and neither of them resembles the type of Oplegnathus insig- nis. There is also, however, a great difference in their ages as indi- cated by the sizes. The following is Kner's color description of the type; it will be seen that it is intermediate both in size and color between our specimens III and IV. Length 190 mm. "The ground color appears black, on the ven- SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 399 tral side whitish ; on the sides and rump vertical areas of white spots and short bars form wide vertical bands much broken into by the black ground color ; the first of these stripes begins beneath the third and fourth spines and ends over the ventral fin ; the second runs from the last 3 dorsal spines to the anus and the beginning of the anal fin ; the third extends from the middle of the soft dorsal to the middle of the anal ; the fourth, smaller than the others, surrounds the caudal peduncle just in front of the caudal fin ; the fins in part have a pale ground color spotted with black, and in part a dusky ground color spotted with white." (Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 8). It is evident from the preceding that the pale vertical bands broken with black of Kner's type represent the yellow (white in alcohol) in- terspaces between the black bands of our specimens I and II, which in III are invaded by secondary developments of black in the form of broken bars. During growth from the age of the type to that of the evenly spotted adult, the spreading process of the black must continue until there is nothing left of the original yellow ground color but small spots ; but also the yellow must invade the original black stripes form- ing in them also similar spots ; so that, what was the pervading color of the young, in the adult appears as punctate markings on a ground color that appeared as striate markings in the young. A young example of Oplegnathus fasciatus from Japan in the Stanford University collection agrees in coloration with our specimen I, as far as the fifth stripe. The fifth stripe, however, extends from the middle of the soft dorsal to the middle of the anal, thus having the position of the broken interpolated stripe that appears in our specimen III, between stripes 4 and 5. Stripe 5 on the anterior end of the cau- dal peduncle and stripe 6 on the base of the caudal fin are lacking in the specimen of O. faciatus, but on it there is present a continuous band around the middle of the caudal peduncle on the position of the lateral peduncle spots of our specimen III of O. insignis. The American species apparently differs from the species of the western Pacific in having only 1 1 dorsal spines. Our largest speci- men is 450 mm. in length. Family CH^ETODONTIDJE. 126. FORCIPIGER LONGIROSTRIS (Broussonet) . Chtztodon longirostris BROUSSONET, Dec. Ichthyol, i, 23, pi. 7, 1782, Society and Sandwich islands. Chelmon longirostris, CUVIER £ VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vu, 89, pi. 175, 1831- Chelmo longirostris, GUNTHER, Cat., n, 38. 400 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Forcipiger flavissimus JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1898 (1899), 279, Revillagigedo Archipelago. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1671, 1898. Forcipiger longirostris t JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902 (1903), 471 (Honolulu). Range. — Polynesia, Hawaiian Islands. Revillagigedo Islands. We have examined 2 of the 4 specimens from Clarion Island on which Jordan and McGregor based their species Forcipiger ( Chelmon) flavissimus, thus separating the American specimens as a different species from the Polynesian species, Forcipiger longirostris, and we have compared with them specimens from the Hawaiian Islands. There is no specific difference between the 2 sets of specimens. The black triangle on the head occupies the same area in each, the posterior edge of the soft dorsal is bordered with dusky, and the black spot on the posterior end of the anal has the same shape arid size, covering 7 rays in the larger specimens, only 6 in the smaller ones. The following table shows, also, that the proportions and num- bers of fin rays are the same in specimens from the 2 localities. MEASUREMENTS AND FIN RAYS OF Forcipiger longirostris. locality. S rt o C 3 O $ § Honolulu. Honolulu. Honolulu. Honolulu. Length in mm 160 IC.8 ! (Clarion and Socorro islands). Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago. Known only from Clarion and Socorro islands, Revillagigedo Archipelago. 141. MELICHTHYS BISPINOSUS Gilbert. Melichthys bispinosus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 125, Clarion and Socorro islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1711, 1898 ; ibid, Check-list, p. 423. Range. — Revillagigedo Archipelago and Cocos Island. We have 6 specimens from Cocos Island. Color in life. — Sides, back and belly emerald-green, each series of scales with a dark brown band mesially; a large light bronze cheek patch extending from below eye to mouth ; top of head and snout irreg- ularly banded with dark brown; caudal with fine blue stripes near tip;, dorsal and anal like back, with narrow light blue stripe at base ;, pectorals like sides; iris black. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 409 Family MONOCANTHID^E. 142. CANTHERINES SANDWICHIENSIS ( Quoy & Gaimard) . Batistes sandivichiensis QUOY & GAIMARD, Voyage Uranie, Zool., 214, 1824. Cantherines nasutus SWAINSON, Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, n, 327, 1839. Monocanthus pardalis, in part, GUNTHER, Cat., vin, 230, 1870. Cantherines carola JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 281, Socorro Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1713, 1898. Range. — Polynesia, Hawaiian Islands, Revillagigedo Islands. There is i specimen of this species in the Stanford University collection, taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Socorro Island. It is the type of Cantherines carolce of Jordan and McGregor. We have compared this Revillagigedo specimen with i adult and several young of C. sandwichiensis from the Hawaiian Islands, and we find no speci- fic character separating it from the latter species. MEASUREMENTS AND FIN RAYS OF Cantherines sandwichiensis. Locality. Socorro Id. Honolulu. Length in mm 2 ^O 2 -JQ Depth 4Q ex Head •?! "?! Eve... ?8 IQ Dorsal spine 68 rq Longest soft dorsal ray 4.C A-I Longest anal ray 4.c 4.2 Median caudal rajs CA ro Pectoral . . 4.O $ Number of dorsal rays. <\.u •37 ow •?2 Number of anal ravs ... o/ 12 o* 71 The discrepancy between the number of fin rays in the Revillagigedo and Hawaiian specimens shown by the above table has no significance, for the rays of the dorsal fin in the other smaller Hawaiian specimens vary from 33 to 36. All of the young have the posterior rays of the soft dorsal proportionally higher than in the adults. In the young also the teeth are slenderer and more pointed than in the large specimens and the vertical dusky bars, present on the sides of the posterior half of the body in the adults, are entirely lacking. Both of the larger specimens have 2 pairs of anteriorly-curved spines on each side of the caudal peduncle, but no trace of these is present on any of the smaller specimens, which are about 140 mm. long. In the Stanford University collection there are 2 small specimens of a Cantherines from Jamaica labelled C. pullus. These specimens are of the same size as the small Hawaiian specimens, and they differ 4-IO SNODGRASS AND HELLER from the latter only in having a somewhat larger membrane back of the dorsal spine. Cantherines sandwichiensis is the same as C. nasutus, Swainson's type of the genus Cantherines. Swainson formed this genus to in- clude species without spines on the caudal peduncle. The lack of these spines, however, is due to immaturity, and they are perhaps de- veloped on adult males only. Hence, the genus is not a valid one on this character, but it may be retained on the character of the smooth or only slightly roughened dorsal spine. It, then, includes C. sandwichiensis, C. pardalis, C. pullus, C. scopas, and C. longirostris. C.pardalis and C. pullus may prove to be synonyms of C. sandwichiensis. In addition to having the dorsal spine non-serrated, Cantherines has also an immovable ventral spine. 143. OSBECKIA SCRIPTA (Osbeck). Batistes scrip fus OSBECK, Iter Chin., i, 144, 1757, China. Ceratacanthus scriptus, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1898 (1899), 281 (Clarion and Socorro islands). Alutera scripta, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., u, 1719, 1898. Osbeckia scrip ta, JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902 (1903), 484, (Honolulu). Range. — Of general tropical distribution; known in the Eastern Pacific from the west coast of Mexico and from Clarion and Socorro islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. Family OSTRACIID^). 144. OSTRACION LENTIGINOSUM Bloch & Schneider. Ostracion lentiginosum BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthy., 501, 1801.— JENKINS, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902 (1903), 487 (Honolulu). Ostracion punctatum BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthy., 501, 1801. — JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 158, 1842. — GUNTHER, Cat., vm, 261. Range. — Tropical Pacific in general ; Hawaiian Islands, Clipper- ton Island, Galapagos Islands. One specimen from Hood of the Galapagos Islands and one from Clipperton Island, the first record of the species from the Eastern Pacific. 145. OSTRACION CLIPPERTONENSE Snodgrass & Heller, new species. Range. — Clipperton Island. Type in Stanford University Museum ; Clipperton Island. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 4! I Diagnosis. — Differs from Ostracion camurum Jenkins 1 of the Hawaiian Islands only in having the spots of the back black instead of white. Description of the type. — Head 3f in length ; depth 2f ; eye 2 J in head; interorbital width ii; snout i^ in head. D. 9; A. 9; P. 10. Length 113 mm. Profile of front of head steep, forming a prominent angle before front of eye, back of which gently ascending to occiput ; body deepest through base of pectoral, tapering regularly posteriorly with gently rounded outlines ; angles of carapace rounded ; no spines anywhere; sides with slight convexity; gill-slit not very oblique, 2^ in interorbital width, a groove extending forward from its lower end toward the snout; eye a little greater than length of gill-slit, 2^- in head ; mouth small ; lips large, concealing the teeth ; teeth brown, 10 in each jaw, in a single series. Dorsal fin short, highest anteriorly, longest rays if in head; anal similar to dorsal but not so high and more rounded ; pectoral rounded, third and fourth rays longest, i^ in head; caudal fin truncate, the angles rounded, 5 in length. Scutes of carapace covered with small tubercles, arranged most thickly in center of each; 12 scutes in a line between eye and caudal peduncle, 13 in a longitudinal series on belly, 10 in a transverse series. Color (in alcohol), back and sides blackish, belly pale greenish yellow ; snout anteriorly, large spot below eye, and broad interorbital band, yellow; dusky color of head before interorbital band darker than that back of it; caudal peduncle brown, with a few rather large white spots ; fins pale yellowish with dark-brown bases ; basal half of caudal fin brown, the brown with concave crescentic posterior margin ; carapace spotted above with small round black spots, these spots situ- ated on center of each scute except on occiput where the position is generally eccentric ; a few whitish spots on sides. Proportional measurements : Head 28 ; depth 36 ; interorbital width 24; eye n ; snout 24; gill-slit 10 ; longest dorsal ray 15 ; longest anal ray 13; length of pectoral 21; median caudal rays 23; length of dorsal edge of caudal peduncle 14; depth of caudal peduncle 10. We have only i specimen from Clipperton Island. The Hawaiian specimens of O. camurum differ in shape from our specimen of O. clippertonense only in having the sides concave instead of slightly convex; the latter may be swollen. The pattern of the ground-color is exactly the same in all, the inter- U. S. Fish Comm. 1899 (1901), 397, fig. 9 (Honolulu). Type, No. 49697, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Dr. O. P. Jenkins. 412 SNODGRASS AND HELLER orbital band and the contrast of the darker color before it with the paler color behind it are characteristic marks. The only difference is in the maculation. The Hawaiian specimens all have white spots instead of black ones. In some, these spots are confined to the back of the carapace as are the black ones in the Clipperton specimen, the sides being plain. Others are spotted above and on the sides. In 2 the spots on the side are ocelli, having (in alcohol) a white center and a wide black marginal ring. One has the spots of the upper parts of the sides black like those on the back of the Clipperton specimen. The latter may, of course, prove to be simply a color variation of O. camurum. Family TETRAODONTID^. 146. SPHEROIDES ANGUSTICEPS (Jenyns). Tetrodon angusticeps JENYNS, Voyage Beagle, Fishes, 154, pi. 28, 1842, Gala- pagos Islands. Spheroides angusticeps, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889 (1890), 183 (Chatham Island; Charles Island; Panama). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1731, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America, Galapagos Islands. We did not meet with this species, but it was obtained by Darwin and by the Albatross at the Galapagos Archipelago. 147. SPHEROIDES LOBATUS (Steindachner). Canthigaster lobatus STEINDACHNER, Ichthyol. Notizen, x, 18, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1870, Altata. Spheroides lobatus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1731, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America, from the Gulf of Cali- fornia to Panama ; Galapagos Islands. There is one small specimen of this species in the Stanford Univer- sity collection from the Galapagos Archipelago collected by the Albatross, but the only Spheroides that we obtained is S. annulatus. 148. SPHEROIDES ANNULATUS (Jenyns). Tetrodon annulatus JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, 153, 1842, Chatham Island. Spheroides annulatus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 183 (Indefatigable, Albemarle and Chatham islands). — JORDAN & EVER- MANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1735, 1898. Range. — Pacific coast of tropical America and the Galapagos Islands. We have 17 specimens from Tagus Cove and Turtle Point, Albe- marle, Hood, Seymour and Chatham islands. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 413 The color of the different specimens varies considerably but they ap- pear to be all i species. Two specimens, when fresh, were colored as follows : (i) above dusky, sides stone gray spotted with blackish ; belly white; lips faint pinkish; iris golden; pectoral yellow-olive; caudal bluish-dusky ; dorsal dark like back ; anal pinkish-white; (2) above olive, banded with grayish-green; sides brownish olive; iris orange-golden ; anal pinkish- white ; everywhere except on belly spotted with small dark olive spots. 149. TETRAODON SETOSUS (Smith). Tetraodon setosus SMITH, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., n, 6, Nov. 13, 1886, Mexico. Ovoides setosus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1739, 1898 ; ibid., Check-list, 426. Range. — West coast of Mexico ; Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos islands. We have 7 specimens of an Ovoides which differ somewhat from one another, but all appear to be O. setosus. One is from Seymour Island of the Galapagos Archipelago, and the others from Clipperton and Cocos islands. Head 3 in length (not 4 as in Jordan and Evermann) . The specimen from Seymour is almost smooth, the skin having inconspicuous asper- ities, and is larger than the others, being 250 mm. in length. Some-of the others have the ventral surface thickly covered with small, short, stiff setae, while still others have almost the entire body beset with setae of this sort. The color is very variable ; the following are some of the varieties : (Seymour specimen) above deep orange, back blackish, belly cream- yellow, sides, top of head and snout spotted with black; lips grayish, livid-spotted ; fins inky-black with livid white spots ; above eye spots like those on fins; (Cocos specimen) above dark brown, grayer on belly, fins same; anal, dorsal and pectoral light-tipped, all fins spotted with white ; body covered with minute purplish spots. Another speci- men is everywhere regularly and closely spotted with small round equal- sized, white spots on a plain dark ground. Some are almost plain dusky, the spots being obsolete. Still others are plain pale yellow with a few (i 2 to 15) small black spots scattered over the body, mostly on the dorsal surface. Family DIODONTHXE. 150. DIODON HYSTRIX Linnaeus. Diodon hystrix LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 335, 1758, India. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1745, 1898. 414 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Range. — Occurs everywhere in tropical parts of both the Atlantic and the Pacific; Revillagigedo and Galapagos islands. We have i specimen, 280 mm. long, taken from the stomach of a shark ( Carcharias platyrhynchus) caught in Tagus Cove, Albe- marle Island. The color is entirely gone, but in other respects the specimen differs in no way from a specimen of D. hystrix in the Stanford University collection. 151. CHILOMYCTERUS AFFINIS Gunther. Chilomycterus affinis GUNTHER, Cat., vui, 314, 1870, no locality. Chilomycterus calif orniensis EIGENMANN, Amer. Nat., v, 25, 1891, San Pedro, California; ibid., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1892, 485, pi. 81, (figure poor). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., u, 1751, 1898. Range. — Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Galapagos Islands, coast of southern California. One specimen found dead and floating on the surface of the water in Tagus Cove, Albemarle, probably killed by dynamite we had ex- ploded in the neighborhood. The species has been reported from San Pedro, California, and in the Stanford University collection are specimens from Japan and Honolulu. General color brown, paler below ; fins all closely spotted with small round black spots, each smaller than the pupil ; sides of body and forehead spotted with larger black spots ; in front of pectoral a dusky vertical band, another running downward from in front of eye to ventral side of head just back of symphysis of lower jaw where those of the 2 sides are confluent; dark area behind pectoral. The Japanese specimen has the same black bands, post-pectoral black area, and fin spots as the Galapagos specimen, but there are no spots on the body. Family SCORPJENHXE. 152. SEBASTOPSIS XYRIS Jordan & Gilbert. Sebastopsis xyris JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 8182, 369, Cape San Lucas, Lower California. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 1835, 1898. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, U. S. Fish Comm. Rep. 1898, 283 (Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago). Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico and neighboring islands, Revil- lagigedo and Galapagos archipelagos. A large number of specimens taken at Albemarle, Narboro, Sey- mour, Duncan, Chatham and Barrington. Taken by Mr. R. C. Mc- Gregor at Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 415 The specimens show considerable variation in coloration which is apparently due to age. The larger specimens are much more olive- spotted and darker than the smaller ones which are lighter and more reddish with the subopercular blotch more pronounced. Most of our specimens were secured about rocks near shore in shallow water. A few were dredged in 14 fathoms. Length of the largest specimen 94 mm. 153. SCORP^ENA HISTRIO Jenyns. Scorpana histrio JENYNS, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Fishes, 35, 1842, pi. vm, Chat- ham Island. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 182, Charles and Hood islands, Galapagos Archipelago). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 1843, 1898. Scorptzna fucata VALENCIENNES, Voy. Venus, V, Zool., 313, 1855, PL 3» &S- 2, Galapagos Archipelago. Range. — Panama south to Juan Fernandez ; Galapagos Islands. Common in the Galapagos Archipelago where the species has been taken at Chatham, Charles, Hood and Albemarle islands. Repre- sented in the collection by 2 small specimens dredged in 14 fathoms in Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. Valenciennes's figure of S. fucata, while not agreeing exactly with S. histrio, shows no greater inaccuracies than many of his other figures of Galapagos species and we have therefore put it in synonymy with S. histrio which is the only authentic species known from the archipelago. In the figure the dorsal is figured as XI, 1 1 which is evidently a mistake for XII, 10. 154. PONTINUS STRIGATUS Heller & Snodgrass. Pontinus strigatus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 208, Wenman Island. Range. — Galapagos Islands.' Known from i specimen taken from the stomach of a shark caught near Wenman Island. Family GOBinXE. 155. ELEOTRIS TUBULARIS Heller & Snodgrass. Eleotris tubularis HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 210, Cocos Island. Range. — Cocos Island. 156. COTYLOPUS COCOENSIS Heller & Snodgrass. 'opus cocoensis HELLER & 211, pi. xi, Cocos Island, Range. — Cocos Island. Cotylopus cocoensis HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 211, pi. xi, Cocos Island. 416 SNODGRASS AND HELLER 157. ZONOGOBIUS RHIZOPHORA (Heller & Snodgrass). Gobius rhizophora HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 212, pi. xn, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Islands (Albemarle, Narboro, Seymour). 158. ZONOGOBIUS ZEBRA (Gilbert). Gobius zebra GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 73, west coast of Lower California. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. 1898, 284 (Todos Santos and Clarion islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North & Mid. Amer., in, 2226, 1898. Range. — West coast of Lower California, and Clarion Island of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. We have examined a specimen taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Todos Santos Island, which differs from the description of the type in the distinctly ctenoid scales, in the fin formula, the dorsal being VI— I, 12, the anal I, 9, and in the teeth of the lower jaw, which are in a double series, the outer enlarged and spaced, followed by a series of much smaller and more numerous inner teeth. The discrepancies between this specimen and the type are undoubtedly errors due to the small size, 12 mm., of the latter. MEASUREMENTS OF Zouogobius zebra. Length in mm 32 Head 29 Depth 23 Eye 7^ Interorbital width 2>£ Maxillary 12 Snout 8 Height spinous dorsal 18 Pectoral 15 Ventral 24 Caudal 20 159. ODONTOGOBIUS GILBERTI (Heller & Snodgrass). Gobius gilberti HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.. v, 1903, 214, pi. xni, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Islands (Albemarle and Narboro). 160. MAPO SOPORATOR (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Gobius soporator CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 56, 1837, Martinique. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. 1898, 284 (Socorro and Clarion islands, Revillagigedo Archipelago). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2216, 1898. Gobius arundelii CARMAN, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, i, 63, 1899, Clipper- ton Island. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 417 Range. — Intertropical. This is the most abundant tide-pool fish in the Galapagos Islands. We have specimens from Albemarle, Charles, Narboro and Seymour. Equally abundant at Cocos and Clipperton islands, at the latter island taken only in the lagoon where it was the only species. Common at Socorro and Clarion islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. We have compared a considerable series of Clipperton Island speci- mens of M. arundelii (Garman), with specimens taken near the type locality of M. separator, and are unable to find any specific differences though they show greater variation from the type than do any others we have examined. Carman's specimen possessed 7 spines in the first dorsal but this number is merely a variation not recorded in specimens from any other locality. Of the 8 specimens from Clipperton Island which are in the collection, 2 have 7 spines in the first dorsal and 6 have the usual number of 6. The variations in the series from Clip- perton Island is as follows: D. VI or VII-I, 9 or 10; A. I, 8 or 9. Specimens from Santa Lucia Island, West Indies, give the following variations : D. VI— I, 8 or 9 ; A. I, 7 or 8. Family MALACANTHIDJE. 161. CAULOLATILUS PRINCEPS (Jenyns). Latilus princeps JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 52, pi. n, 1842, Chatham Island. Caulolatilus princeps, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 182 (Charles and Albemarle islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2276, 1898. Range. — California coast from Monterey southward to Cape San Lucas, Lower California ; Galapagos Archipelago. Common at the Galapagos Archipelago, where known from Chat- ham, Charles and Albemarle. Not yet known from localities inter- mediate between Cape San Lucas and the Galapagos. Family DACTYLOSCOPIDJE. 162. MYXODAGNUS OPERCULARIS Gill. Myxodagnus opercularis GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 270, Cape San Lucas, Lower California. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2305, 1898. Range. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California ; San Luis Gonzales Bay in the Gulf of California ; Albemarle Island, Galapagos Archi- pelago. Six specimens secured at Turtle Point, Albemarle Island, the longest 43 mm. long. In coloration they are much darker than described by 418 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Gill from Cape San Lucas specimens. A specimen in the Stanford University museum from San Luis Gonzales Bay shows indications of the dark markings of the Galapagos specimens. In the Galapagos specimens the body color is light yellowish-brown, the tip of the lower jaw, snout, interorbital and median line of the back dark-brown, nape and occiput spotted with dark brown ; sides from pectoral to caudal with a broad band, 3 scales wide, of dusky-brown following the lateral line ; a lighter brown band beginning at anal and extending on each side of fin to caudal ; these lateral bands separated by light stripes of the body-color about one and one half scales wide ; sides of head above the level of opercle brown-spotted ; cheek with a golden spot below the eye ; caudal, pectoral and dorsal fins dusky spotted. Scales 1-46 to 49-8. Some of the specimens, presumably males, have the pectorals greatly elongated extending much past the curve of the lateral line to about the middle of the body. Family BATRACHOIDID^E. 163. PORICHTHYS MARGARITATUS (Richardson). Batrachus margaritatus RICHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 67, 1845, Pacific Coast of Central America. Porichthys nautopcedium JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , xn, 1889, 182, Indefatigable Island. Porichthys margaritatus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer. , in, 2322, 1898. Range. — West coast of Colombia ; Galapagos Archipelago (Inde- fatig^ble Island). Family BLENNIIDJE. 164. DIALOMMUS FUSCUS Gilbert. Dialommus fuscus GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xm, 1890, 452, Duncan and Albemarle islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2868, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Duncan and Albemarle islands) . 165. EMMNION BRISTOL^ Jordan. Emmnion bristola JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454, pi. 55, fig. i, Galapagos Islands. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2375, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. One specimen taken by the Albatross in the Galapagos. Not seen by us. SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 419 166. RUNULA AZALEA Jordan & Bollman. Runula azalea JORDAN £ BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 171, Indefatigable Island. — GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xin, 1890, 453 (Indefatigable Island). — JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1896, 233, pi. 37 (Indefatigable Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2377, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago. One specimen taken at Barrington Island. Seen in tide-pools at most of the other islands of the Galapagos and at Cocos Island. Our specimen differs somewhat in proportions and coloration from the type. Length 37mm.; head 5 in length; depth yf; eye 3 in head ; interorbital 3^-. Color in life. — Above olive; the side with a bright golden band as wide as the eye extending from snout to tail, below the stripe grayish-blue ; belly bluish ; head and snout above dark olive, below the level of the eye bluish like the lower part of the side ; a black streak on caudal peduncle running through the fin ; dorsal fin golden with a wide black band running through the middle; caudal fin red; anal lighter red; pectoral yellowish; ventrals white; iris emerald, teeth tawny-yellow. This specimen differs from those taken by the Albatross at Inde- fatigable Island in the absence of dark transverse bars on the sides of the body and in the lesser depth. 167. ALTICUS ATLANTICUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Salarias atlanticus CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 321, 1836, Madeira. Rupiscartes atlanticus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2397, 1898. Range. — Both coasts of tropical America, north on the Pacific side to Todos Santos; Galapagos Archipelago (Albemarle, Nar- boro, Charles and Duncan). Color in life. — Above and on sides liver-brown ; the side with 7 or 8 dark brown transverse bars; the belly grayish ; an olive, black centered ocellus behind the eye ; dorsal fin dark brown, red bordered ; caudal medially brown, the upper rays red, lower yellow ; pectorals and anal brown like the body ; ventrals like the belly in coloration ; nuchal tentacles red ; iris pea-green. 168. ALTICUS CHIOSTICTUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Salarias chiostictus JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, .363, 1883, Mazatlan, Mexico. Entomacrodus chiostictus, JORDAN & McGREGOR, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. 1898, 284 (Clarion and Socorro islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2398, 1898. 42O SNODGRASS AND HELLER Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico and the Revillagigedo Islands. Taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Clarion and Socorro islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago. 169. MALACOCTENUS ZONOG ASTER Heller & Snodgrass. Malacoctenus zonogaster HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 217, pi. xv, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Tagus and Iguana Coves, Albe- marle). 170. LEPISOMA JENKINSI Heller & Snodgrass. Lepisoma jenkinsi HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 219, pi. xvi, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Iguana Cove, Albemarle). 171. ENCHELIOPHIS JORDANI Heller & Snodgrass. Encheliophis jordani HELLER £ SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci;, v, 1903, 220, pi. xvu, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Tagus Cove, Albemarle). Family OPHIDIIDJE. 172. CHILARA TAYLORI (Girard). Ophidium taylori GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Sur., x., Fishes, 138, 1858, Monterey, California. Chilara taylori, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2489, 1898. Range. — Coast of California from Monterey to San Diego, Gala- pagos Archipelago. One mutilated specimen taken from the stomach of a tunny at Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. The specimen has lost by maceration the skin and the vertical and pectoral fins which are represented only by their bases. It agrees with specimens of C. taylori from Monterey, differing only in the slightly shorter body. The absence of the skin leaves the coloration in doubt. On account of the great break in the distribution, San Diego to Galapagos, the specimen is doubtfully re- ferred to this species. The air-bladder is well preserved and is without posterior foramen thus separating it from Otophidium indefatigabile. MEASUREMENTS OF Chilara taylori Length in mm 65 Head 18 Depth 12 Eye 4 SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 421 Interorbital width 3 Snout 4 Maxillary 8 173. OTOPHIDIUM INDEFATIGABILE Jordan & Bollman. Otophidium indefatigabile JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 172, Indefatigable Island. — GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xin, 1890, 453 (Gulf of Panama). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2490, 1898. Range. — Gulf of Panama and Galapagos Archipelago. One specimen taken by the Albatross at Indefatigable Island. Not seen by us in the Galapagos Archipelago. Family BROTULIDJE. 174. PETROTYX HOPKINSI Heller & Snodgrass. Petrotyx hopkinsi HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 222, pi. xvin, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Barrington). 175. EUTYX DIAGRAMMUS Heller & Snodgrass. Eutyx diagrammus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 224, pi. xix, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Tagus Cove, Albemarle ; Sey- mour). Family TRIGLIDJE. 176. PRIONOTUS MILES Jenyns. Prionotus miles JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 29, pi. 6, 1842, Chatham Island. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xn, 1889, 182 (Charles and Albemarle islands). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., n, 2160, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Chatham, Charles and Albe- marle islands). Family ECHENEIDHXE. 177. ECHENEIS REMORA Linnajus. Echeneis remora LINN^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758. Remora remora, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 450 (Albemarle Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2271, 1898. Range. — Tropical and subtropical seas in general. North in the eastern Pacific to San Francisco. Common at the Galapagos Archipelago where specimens were taken at Albemarle, James and Wenman, attached to sharks ( Carcha- Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., January, 1905. 422 SNODGRASS AND HELLER rias platyrhynchus) . At Clipperton Island taken on Carcharias and green turtle (Ckelonia). All the specimens in the collection are small, the largest 130 mm. in length. Dorsal laminae varying from 17 to 18. Family GOBIESOCIDJE. 178. GOBIESOX PCECILOPHTHALMUS Jenyns. Gobiesox pascilophthalmus JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 141, pi. 27, figs. 2, 2#, 2b, 1842, Chatham Island. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2335, 1898. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Chatham and Albemarle islands). Three specimens secured at Iguana Cove, Albemarle Island, the largest 45 mm. in length. Color in life. — Above reddish with pale blotches and transverse stripes of olive and bluish ; sides of head saffron-spotted ; below whitish, reddening toward the caudal peduncle ; fins ruby. 179. GOBIESOX ADUSTUS Jordan & Gilbert. Gobiesox adustus JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 627, Mazatlan, Mexico. — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. for 1898 (1899), 284 (Clarion Island). Range. — Pacific coast of Mexico, and Revillagigedo Archipelago. Taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. 1 80. ARBACIOSA TRUNCATA Heller & Snodgrass. Arbaciosa truncata HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 216, pi. xiv, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Islands (Tagus Cove and Iguana Cove, Albemarle). Family PLEURONECTIDJE. 181. PLATOPHRYS CONSTELLATUS Jordan. Platophrys constellatus JORDAN, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. 1886, 266, James Island. — JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 183 (Gulf of Panama). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2663, 1898. Range. — Gulf of Panama and Galapagos Archipelago (James and Albemarle). Two specimens taken at Turtle Point, Albemarle Island, the largest 58 mm. in length. These differ somewhat in proportions and colora- tion from the type. Head 3f in length; depth ij; eye 3^ in head; SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 423 maxillary 3; interorbital 3^: D. 83; A. 64; scales 78. Compared with larger specimens taken by the Albatross in the Gulf of Panama they are much darker, with the light spots more variable in size and the interorbital width one-half less. Coloration, dark brown on the eyed side with lighter yellowish and dusky spots ; the spots rounded and very unequal in size. Body darkest centrally, the disc near the margin with large light spots, the spots smaller centrally. 182. PLATOPHRYS LEOPARDINUS (Giinther). Rhomboidichthys leopardinus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, iv, 434, 1862, locality unknown. Platophrys leopardinus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 1889, 183 (Chatham Island). — JORDAN & MCGREGOR, U. S. Fish Com. Rep. 1898, 284 (Clarion Island). — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2666, 1898. — GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv, Rep. Expl. U. S. S. Albatross during 1891, xxvi, Fishes, 225. Range. — Gulf of California (Guaymas) ; Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands. Taken at Catham Island by the Albatross. Three small specimens secured by Mr. R. C. McGregor at Clarion Island ; not taken by us. Dredged near Cocos Island in 66 fathoms by the Albatross in 1891. [PARALICHTHYS WOOLMANI Jordan & Williams. Paralichthys adspersus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 1889, 183 (Panama). Paralichthys woolmani JORDAN & WILLIAMS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, 1896, 457. (Referred by mistake to the Galapagos Archipelago.) The type of Paralichthys ivoolmani was taken in the Bay of Panama and was at first doubtfully referred to P. adspersus, but later described as P. woolmani and erroneously recorded as taken at the Galapagos Archipelago. Known only from the type.~\ Family SOLEEXE. 183. SYMPHURUS ATRAMENTATUS Jordan & Bollman. Symphurus atramentatus JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 177, Coast of Colombia. — JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., in, 2706, 1898. Range. — Gulf of Panama and Galapagos Archipelago. One specimen, 68 mm. in length, taken in 14 fathoms at Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. This specimen differs slightly from the description of Panama specimens. Head 5 in length; depth 3^; D. 100; A. 75 ; scales 103. Coloration, light brown with 7 faint darker cross bars becoming darker posteriorly ; dorsal and anal fins dark- barred for their entire length, the bars confluent on the caudal fin. 424 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Family ANTENNARIID^). 184. ANTENNARIUS TAGUS Heller & Snodgrass. Antennarius tagus HELLER & SNODGRASS, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, 1903, 226, pi. xx, Galapagos. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago (Tagus Cove, Albemarle). LISTS OF SPECIES KNOWN FROM EACH ISLAND OR GROUP OF ISLANDS. I. REVILLAGIGIDO ARCHIPELAGO. Carcharias platyrhynchus, Gymnothorax pictus, Exoccetus volitans, Mugil curema, Mugil setosus, Myripristis clarionensis. Gymnosarda pelamis, Coryphcena equisetis, Zalocys stilbe, Caranx marginatus, Caranx melampygus, Amia atricaudus, Epinephelus analogus, Dermatolepis punctatus, Paranthias furcifer , Priacanthus cruentatus, Anisotremus inter ruptus, Kyphosus elegans, Cirrhitus rivulatus, Pomacentrus leucorus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Bodianus diplotcenius, Halichceres sellifer, Pseudojulis notospilus, Thalassoma grammaticum, Calotomus xenodon, Chcetodon nigrirostris, Zanclus canescens, tfepatus aliala, Xesurus punctatus, Myrichthys pantostigmius, Echidna nocturna Exonautes xenopterus, Chcznomugil proboscideus, Holocentrus suborbitalis, Pseudupeneus dentatus, Coryphcena hippurus, Trachurops crumenophthalma, Caranx orthogrammus, Caranx latus, Caranx lugubris, Kuhlia t ceniura, Epinephelus labriformis, Prionodes fasciatus, Pronotogrammus multifasciatus, Lutianus mridis, Kyphosus analogus, Kyphosus lutescens, Abudefduf marginatus, Pomacentrus redemptus, Microspathodon bairdi, Halichceres nicholsi, Pseudojulis adustus, Thalassoma socorroense, Thalassoma virens, Forcipiger longirostris, Holocanthus clarionensis, He pat us triostegus, Xesurus laticlavius, Balistes verres, SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 425 Osbeckia scripta, Xanthichthys mento, Tetraodon setosus, Sebastopsis xyris, Zonogobius zebra, Alticus chiost ictus, Melichthys bispinosus, Cantherines sandwichiensis, Diodon hystrix, Mapo separator, Gobiesox adustus, Platophrys leopardinus. II. CLIPPERTON ISLAND. Carcharias platyrhynchus, JBodianus diplotcenius, Balistes verres, Ostracion clipper tonense, Mapo soporator. in. Tricenodon obesus, Myripristis murdjan, Holocentrus suborbitalis, Kuhlia tceniura, Epinephelus labriformis, Mycteroperca olfax, Priacanthus cruentatus, Lutianus jordani, Anisotremus scapularis, Pomacentrus leucorus, Abudefduf marginatus, Bodianus diplotcenius, Zanclus canescens, Hepatus triostegus, Hepatus aliala, Balistes verres, Melichthys bispinosus, Eleotris tubular is, Mapo sopor ator, Epinephelus labriformis, Hepatus aliala, Ostracion lent igino sum, Tetraodon setosus, COCOS ISLAND. Holotrachys lima, Myripristis occidentalis, Caranx melampygus, Amia adradorsatus, Dermatolepis punctatus, Pronotogrammus multifasciatus, Lutianus viridis, Lutianus argentiventris, Kyphosus elegans, Pomacentrus arcifrons, Microspathodon dorsalis, Holocanthus passer, Ctenochcetus strigosus, Hepatus crestonis, Xesurus laticlavius, Canthidermis angulosus, Tetraodon setosus, Cotylopus cocoensis, Platophrys leopardinus. IV. GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. Branchiostoma elongatum, Carcharias galapagensis, Rhinobatus planiceps, Mania birostris, Rabula marmorea, Gymnothorax dovii, Galeocerdo rayneri, Sphyrna tudes, Dasyatis longa, Ophichthys triserialis, Gymnothorax chlevastes, Murcena insular um, 426 SNODGRASS AND HELLER Murcena lentiginosa, Zalarges lucetius, Hemiramphus saltator, Evolantia microptera, Mugil cephalus, ^uerimana harengus, Myripristis occidentalism Holocentrus suborbitalis, Gymnosarda pelamis, Scomberomorus sierra, Trachurus symmetricus, Caranx latus, Kuhlia tczniura, Galeagra pammelas, Epinephelus labriformis, Mycteroperca xenarcha, Mycteroperca ruberrima, Paralabrax albomaculatus, Prionodes stilbostigma, Rypticus bicolor, Lutianus mridis, Xenocys jessia^ Anisotremus surinamensis, Orthopristis forbesi, Orthopristis chalceus, Calamus taurinus, Eucinostomus doiut, Doydixodon freminvillei, Corvula eurymesops, Umbrina galapagorum, Azurina eupalama, Pomacentrus arcifrons, Abudefduf marginatus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Bodianus diplotcenius, Pimelometopon dariuinii, Callyodon noyesi, Oplegnathus insigne, Holocanthus passer, Zanclus canescens Balistes verres, Clupanodon libertatis, Hyporhamphus roberti, Euleptorhamphus longirostris, Cypsilurus cyanopterus, Mugil thoburni, Sphyrcena idiastes, Myripristis murdjan, Scomber colias, Thunnus thynnus, Decapterus scombrinus, Caranx caballus, Caranx melampygus, Amia atradorsatus, Epinephelus analogus, Dermatolepis punctatus, Mycteroperca olfax, Cratinus agassizi, Prio n o des fascia tus, Pa ranth ias fu rcifer, Priacanthus cruentatus, Lutianus argentiventris, Xenichthys agassizi, Anisotremus scopularis, Orthopristis lethopristis, Orthopristis cantharinus, Archosargus pourtalesii, Xystcema cinereum, Kyphosus elegans, Scicena perissa, Cirrhitus rivulatus, Pomacentrus leucorus, Nexilarius concolor, Microspathodon bairdii, Nexilosus albemarleus, Bodianus eclancheri, Halichceres nicholsi, Callyodon perrico, Chcetodon nigrirostris, Holocanthus iodocus, Xesurus laticlavius, Ostracion lentiginosum, SHORE FISHES OF GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 427 Spheroides angusticeps, Spheroides lobatus, Spheroides annulatus, ' Tetraodon setosus, Diodon hystrix, Chilomycterus affinls, Sebastopsis xyris, Scorpcena histrio, Pontinus strigatus, Zonogobius rhizophora, Mapo soporator, Zonogobius gilberti, Caulolatilus princeps, Myxodagnus opercularis, Porichthys margaritatus, Dialommus fuscus, Emmnion bristolce, Runula azalea, Alticus atlanticus, Malacoctenus zonogaster, JLepisoma jenkinsi, Encheliophis jordani, Chilara taylori, Otophidium indefatigabile, Petrotyx hopkinsi, Eutyx diagrammus, Prionotus miles, Echeneis remora, Gobiesox p&cilophthalmus, Arbaciosa truncata, Platophrys constellatus, Platophrys leopardinus, Symphurus atramentatus, Antennarius tagus. 14 DAY ^ K. ,,AN TO DESK FROM Wi- u. b >R ..O . , D This book is due onthe last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. BHTDLD AUG a (o-iPM39" Sfpipwgr ?*? EC. CIR. OPT 91985 1 * \JO 1 npr n7 iQQr ut-u U • IWS WED . F 0 7 1995 •'TIONDFPT LD21-35m-8,'72 (Q4189S10)476 — A-32 General Library University of California Berkeley HAR14 1968 85 LD 21A-50m-8,'57 (C8481slO)476B General Library University of California Berkeley B0007?"" THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY