baits wii’ sagabieohet Bete wR ele. ot Pew larih cielo’ penstwnyheighares Forces Mooleeste ~ (ISSUED JUNE, 1891.) _ ES EO er ty te ara ee ™ yas sk Pe SC TASMANIA. : AT “THR MERCURY” OFFICE, MACQUARIE ST., HOBART. 7 PY aS ee ys PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE meyAlL SOCIELY OF fe Aes. MwAcIN A FOR 1893. (ISSUED JUNE, 1894.) TASMANIA: PRINTED AT “THR MERCURY” OFFICE, MACQUARIE ST., HOBART. 1894. The responsibility of the Statements and Opinions given in the following Papers and Tiscussions rests with the individual Authors ; the Society as a body merely places them on record. Aopal Society of Gagsmama, HoBart, TASMANIA. Lhose persons who ave inclined to benefit the Society by legacies are recommended to adopt the following Form or Beouvesr, Ll give and bequeath unto the Royal Society of Tasmania’ the sum of £ such legacy to be paid out of such part of my personal estate, not specifically be- qgueathed, as the law permits to be appro- priated by will to such a purpose. ; > ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANTA, ——000300-— Patron: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. President : HIS EXCELLENCY VISCOUNT GORMANSTON, K.C.M.G. Dice- Presidents; HON. J. W. AGNEW, M.D., M.E.C. JAMES BARNARD, ESQ. HIS HONOR SIR WILLIAM LAMBERT DOBSON, Kyn., CJ., NC), H1.S: THOMAS STEPHENS, ESQ., M.A., F.G.S. Council : HIS HONOR SIR WILLIAM LAMBERT DOBSON, Knyr, C.J., M.E.C., F.L.S. RUSSELL YOUNG, ESQ. HON. GC. H. GRANT, M.E.C. BERNARD SHAW, ESQ. T. STEPHENS, ESQ., M.A., F.G.S. * J. B. WALKER, ESQ. * J. BARNARD, ESQ. * A. G@. WEBSTER, ESQ. COL. W. V. LEGGE, R.A. R. M. JOHNSTON, ESQ., F.LS. HON. N. J. BROWN, M.E.C. HON. J. W. AGNEW, M.D., M.E.C. * Hon, Secretary : HON. J. W. AGNEW, M.D., M.E.C. Auditor of Monthly Accounts: C. T. BELSTEAD, ESQ. Auditors of Annual Accounts : FRANCIS BUTLER, ESQ. JOHN MACFARLANE, ESQ. Hon. Creasurer : C. J. BARCLAY, ESQ. Secretary and Librarian: ALEXANDER MORTON. * Members who next retire in rotation. . so ad is . 2 : . ay - a - | ~ A ry A he "3 at SL aaenney | ape | ; : : ne ; = : ‘imi, at - . ‘ vf a (TILK c i aN a a ; mn ? Ao - : a ; s istk 2 . -; Fy - 7 ' : e aad (148 & \ . 3 * - (ths hI nun asi oe .BOTHOW Sala A x TAS a : mila Oe ae mee con oie & 1 % . as ia > *~ ; ‘ ae : Ret be} ERRATA. On page next 210 description of Plate IV instead ‘ Petra- plodon” read “ Tetraplodon.” « ontents. SESE GOSESOR— April Meeting Welcome to the Acting Pr eaident Election of Messrs. E. D. Veters, M.D., A. genie M.A, w. Jethro Brown, M.A., fas, and W. H. Williams, M. A. ine Flora Australiensis Glaciation in Tasmania ... Fossil Flora Catalogue of ieee Meera Testing Mineral Springs... May Meeting Notes on Tasmanian Teena Australian Mosses os sie Recent Visit to Norfolk Tl First Settlement at Norfolk Tae se “ae vA Disposal of the Sewage of Hobart... se ace AS As June Meeting Election of Messrs. T. E. S. Apt W. Ake sian FE. W. ery Col. Cox, and Mrs. Eddie bee ‘on Additions to the Moss Flora of Tasmania Discovery of Glaciation in Tasmania ... Glacial Action in Tasmania... ae site BR. Glacier Epoch of Australasia July Meeting Election of Mr. G. E. Saarece’s Presentation of Likeness of Capt. Montacué i Mr. Satie parnard Introduction of Soft-wood Trees Geology of Lake St. Clair District Notes on the Geology of Lake St. Clair and itz Navan Gourhoct Notes on some New and Rare Fish Centrina salviani... : Centrina bruniensis, Morton Euremetopos johnstoni ... Fourth Vol. A.A.A.S. Proceedings of the Royal soccer of Tenens ie 1892 The Great Barrier Reef ... August Meeting .. : Welcome to His Riccallan oy Tord Gormiaeton Address Presented to the President... fas Bie bee Ae The President’s Reply oie ae bu Apologies for Absence ... ay Ae eh. ‘ae Proposed Coniferze Plantations... Baron Miieller’s Notes .., Mr. F. Abbott’s Notes ... aT Ae oe is cae Mr, A. Harley’s Notes ... ae aa ote bes ee Page XVI XVII XVII XVIII XVIII XVIII XVIII XIX CONTENTS. Useful Coniferee for Tasmanian Planting, by Mr. A.O. Green .. XXI Wolfram and Nickel... 2 XXI Vote of Thanks proposed to tie Beceen oy the ior P. 0. Fysh XXII September Meeting be ahs ane ee wae ace 0 Xa Telegram from the President... a XXIII sir R. G..C. Hamilton, .K.C.B., LL.D. ipa an Houde abet XXIII Election of Messrs. Harvey, M.D., i Bhi: =i ane 2.2) Notes on The Mt. Lyell Mine ... is wee fae OR Assay of Three Days Work at Mt. Ly ell ‘ine ae a cee, See Taxation and Cost of Living in Tasmania .. are se mpegs. e116 Coniferze Planting in Tasmania... EE ioe te oe io EY Celery Top Pine ... Se a sss es Aes me Soe eR October Meeting lanier ae oa a Se: He =o SORRY November Meeting ae a aS e a _ ae Oe Coniferee Planting gat ae sie i as re Poin. 2.6% Norfolk Island... = st sn ate sak ate ae ee Botanical Notes ... : sa - Ape A Pe BPs <6.) Additions to the Maceeen sd rex ae mh oe ee ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART, ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART. ART, Wapers. —<~23EEGESO—— Page. I.—Catalogue of the Minerals known to occur in Tasmania, with Notes on their distribution, By W. F. Petterd II.—The Glacier Epoch of Australasia. a R. M. Johnston, F.L.S. (Map) Pag oe oe com thie IIJ.—Notes on the Geology of Lake St. Clair and its immediate neighbourhood, together with observations regarding the probable origin of our numerous Tasmanian Lakes and Tarns. By R. M. Johnston, F.L.8. —... ae ce os oD LN. es of Glaciation in the vicinity of Mt. ate in Tasmania. (Map.) By T. B. Moore, F.R.G.S. . LAs V.—Supplementary Notes: Discovery of Glaciation in Tas- mania. By T.B. Moore, F.R.G.S8. ... an ip .. 149 VI.—Geology of the Lake St. Clair, Tasmania. By Graham Officer, B.Sc. (Map)... fe os pee hOU VII.—Glacial Action in Tasmania. By A. Montgomery, M.A. 159 VIII.—Further Contributions to the Fossil Flora of Tasmania. Part I. By R. M. Johnston, F.L.S8. (Plates i. and ii.) beeen ly) IX.—Botanical Notes. By Leonard Rodway. (Plates) eam Ace) X.— Remarks aoe the Se ae of the Se of Hobart. By A. Mault . 2 LOS XI.—Notes on Mt. Lyell Mine. By E. D. Peters, jun., M.E., M.D. 194 XIT.—Additions to the Moss Flora of Tasmania. (Plates.) By W. A. Weymouth See i os a ne Boe PAU) XIII.—Description of a new Species of Shark. By Alex. Morton 211 XIV.—Notes on Tasmanian Lichens. By J. Shirley, B.Sc. ... 214 XV.—Testing Mineral mete ey (Abstract.) By Major-General Tottenham oe eat sae se gore, LOL XVI.—Australian Mosses. By R. A. Bastow, F.L.S. (Title) Iv XVII.—A Recent Visit to Norfolk Island. im the oe of Tasmania. (Abstract) . iv XVIII.—First Settlement at Norfolk Island. By J. B. Walker, F.R.G.S8. (Abstract)... sid ee ie no 8, WAL XIX.—Notes on some rare fish. By A. Morton. (Abstract) xvi XX.-—Taxation and cost of Living in Tasmania. By R. M. Johnston, F.L.S. (Abstract) ... ais ies eee ( Xx a camo t ay. P _ fh a | aire hy r : Lm ae so wht). Seah Ay See Se aie sae my. 2 APP: = as file yt a; ‘ (oy < > . i , 5 ‘ - i. A protean ra J A an w wind ¢? nse as rere a: ed ° (ALAS “Sees - on. 4 X > ) wires f 1 NEAR & yo Ju 4c We 42 iW ; _ 7 P ; { ar nol AM i ‘ i < (i 7 . OA “ j rite > ‘ ¢} ~ i : { as ‘ ' e af =f we . oi Bs 4 (hire) fad Bale Ue geal a Game’ adi yl diy C dre sit sonal 2a Vi ey aes by ke las x steph agit fi . eae Mh budel Avi 6 fone reibek ITF. vase ae Dy ase eee Te ate i acetal c Was (¢ toatdad Ay Twat voll An “eh digi. Grats nici Bi « Mout a alent e' ih Batre be, -IMAX, ene ‘Ty te ty ea dad? yl eidsy * , rt oe 7 a a oii ' re ROYAL SOCIETY. APRIL, 1893. The first monthly meeting of the 1893 session of the Royal Society of Tasmania was held on Monday, Aprill0. The Acting-President (Sir Lambert Dobson) took the chair. There was a moderate attendance of ladies and members. Mr. E. D. Peters, M.D., M.E.C., was elected a corresponding member, and Messrs, A. MaeAulay, M.A., W. Jethro Brown, M.A., LL.D., and W. H. Williams, M.A., were elected Fellows, WELCOME TO THE ACTING PRESIDENT, Mr. JAMES BARNARD, a Vice-President, said that before commencing proceedings he thought it was only becoming to acknowledge and welcome the presence of Sir Lambert Dobson in his changed position. On behalf of the Council and Fellows he offered the Administrater hearty congratulations on his assumption of the Presidential chair officially as Governor of the colony for the time being. Sir Lampert Dosgson thanked Mr. Barnard for the very kind way in which he had welcomed him there officially. He was not unknown unofficially within those walls—(hear, hear)—but certainly he had never presided there at a meeting of the Royal Society in the capacity of Administrator of the colony. It was a very great privilege to be there as president for the time being. On the occasion of the opening of the first meeting of a new session he knew it had been usual to deliver a presidential opening address. But Sir Robert Hamilton, previous to his departure, prepared so excellent an address, that almost everything he could say in an inaugural address had been exhausted. Still, there were one or two words he would like to utter. The Royal Society had no doubt done a great deal of good work, and he hoped would do good work in the future. (Hear, hear.) He took it that science was really - divided into two parts ; metaphysical and physical. The metaphysical drew largely from speculation. In the present century we liked results, and he thought, therefore, that the physical branch was that which really became popular, and likely to monopolise a very large proportion of the attention of the members of the Society. In the metaphysical we knew that we probed a theory, had large speculations, found that they had been speculated om before and abandoned for some other theory, and then came back to the starting point. Butin physical science every particle of knowledge gained was pure knowledge. Everything gained by observation or calculation was matter added to the general knowledge of men, and could never be lost. It was in this branch of science that he believed their work really lay. Heretofore, there was no doubt, both with respect to our fauna and flora, we had had a large amount of work to do to discover the peculiarities and principal features of these of our natural products, But naturally that field must become exhausted, and we must look further afield. Here we had one very grand field, which really, he thought, could never be exhausted—the geology of the colony. (Hear, hear.) Wehad its great history written on the rocks, and as it had taken ages to compile that history, so he believed it would take ages to decipher and read it aright. This line offered a large amount of work for the Society to undertake, and from what he noticed of the papers for that meeting it was one to which attention was being largely directed. The advantage of the little know- il PROCEEDINGS, APRIL. ledge gained at the Society’s meetings might be small, but in all scientific observation it was not individual discovery that was so valuable, but the accumulation of discoveries put together, and individual inferences then to be drawn from those discoveries. In this way science went on in- creasing at a marvellous speed. Certainly, the march of science during the last century, in the last decade of which we now were, had been something beyond the conception of any individual born at the end of the previous century, And what it would be in the next century Heaven only knew. In this century we had seen steam come up as a motive power ; and it had had its use and triumph; and the question now was whether it was not giving way before a power of almost unknown capacity—electricity. We had seen gas rise for lighting ; now the question was whether we might not see it almost die out as an illuminant, We had, within the last 25 years, seen the world girdled with the electric telegraph, and what other wonders were now going on could hardly be told. When we came to carry ourselves back to the end of the last century, and the fleet with which Nelson fought at Trafalgar, remembering that one of our modern warships with its few guns could annihilate the whole of that fleet, or that the armies of Napoleon would fall like wheat before the sickle in front of our niodern machine weapons, it might well startle us into wondering what the world was coming to. With such an advanc2 of science as many had seen in the present century what might not be expected to be its advance in the future? Every little society like this helped on the advance of science. By careful registration of observations, its members were able to assist to the best of their power the advancement of science in the ensuing century. (Applause.) CORRESPONDENCE. A circular letter from Mr. F. M. Bailey, Government Botanist, Queensland, asking for information for a supplementary volume to the ‘** Flora Australiensis,” was ordered to stand over, pending inquiries. Another circular was read from the Royal Society of New South Wales, giving details and conditions under which its medal and £25 are offered for three series of original researches. GLACIATION IN TASMANTA, The Secretary (Mr. A. Morton) read an interesting paper contributed by Mr. T. B. Moore, F.R.G.S., Strahan, entitled ‘‘ Discuvery of Glacia- tion in Tasmania,” Mr. R. M. JoHNSTON, in some complimentary remarks on the paper, observed that its title was rather unfortunat2, inasmuch that one of the main facts known for 30 years in connection with the Western highlands was the abundant evidence of glaciation. With that exception he regarded the paper as a very valuable contribution, and thanked the writer accordingly. Mr. T. STEPHENS concurred in the general tenor of the previous speaker’s criticism, and hoped the faper might be regarded as the precursor of several others in what was really a very extensive and important field. FOSSIL FLORA. Mr. R. M. Jounston, F.L.S., read some ‘‘ Further contributions to the fossil flora of Tasmania.” A CATALOGUE OF TASMANIAN MINERALS, The SECRETARY presented ‘‘A catalogue of the minerals known to exist in Tasmania, with Notes on their distribution,” by Mr. W. F. Petterd, C.M.Z.S., and read the preface, in which the writer stated PROCEEDINGS, APRIL. ill that the catalogue was prepared from specimens in his own collection, and whose identification he had verified in the majority of instances by careful analysis. Mr. JOHNSTON regarded the paper as one of the most important yet given on the subject, and in complimenting the writer, said the Royal Society and everyone else interested in minerals should feel indebted to Mr. Petterd for devoting so much time in affording valuable information on such an important subject. TESTING MINERAL SPRINGS. Major-General ToTTENHAM made some remarks on ‘‘The rough testing of mineral springs,” in which he said that in a country so rich in minerals as Tasmania there must be mineral springs, wells, and creeks in unusualnumbers. He suggested that yachtsmen and explorers might well invest a few shillings in a tiny case of tests, systematic search, collection of information, and chemical investigation of their medicinal and other commercial values. This was extremely desirable in further- ance of the Premier’s idea of placing Tasmania more prominently before the world. The general business having been transacted, the usual vote of thanks to writers of papers terminated the meeting. lv PROCEEDINGS, MAY. MAY, 1893. There was a large attendance of ladies and gentlemen at the monthly meeting of the Royal Society held on Tuesday, May 138, at the Museum. Sir Lambert Dobson presided. TASMANIAN LICHENS AND AUSTRALIAN MOSSES, The Secretary (Mr. A. Morton) asked that, with the exception of the first paragrah in “ Notes on Tasmanian Lichens,’ by Mr. John Shirley, B.Sc., Inspector of Schools, Queensland, the two papers left over from the previous meeting might be taken as read. The other paper was one on * Australian Mosses,” by Mr. R. A. Bastow, F.L.8., Melbourne. Both writers are corresponding members of the Tasmanian Royal Society. A RECENT VISIT TO NORFOLK ISLAND. The Bishop oF TASMANIA read an interesting paper entitled “Notes on a Recent Visit to Norfolk Island.” He stated that his visit in August, 1892, was but a hurried one, and his engagements were numerous, but L seized every opportunity that presented itself to me to discover all I could of the characteristics of this little spot so unique in its history from many points of view. My chief informant was Dr. P. H. Metcalfe, the medical officer of the island, indefatigable alike in the discharge of his professional duties and in the promotion of many branches of science. The first view obtained from the deck of a vessel reveals a larger island with two satellites. The largest of the latter is Phillip Island, a precipitous mass of red_ basalt set in the bluest of seas, and forming a striking feature in the landscape. Close to the shore of Norfolk Island is the little Nepean Island. The basalt of Phillip Island is remarkable for the brilliance of its colouring. A close examination shows that the rock, where disintegrated, has taken numberless delicate and vivid hues. As my informant defined it, “it is like mottled soap.” There was a time when Phillip Island was covered in many places with grass and herbage, and the pines were numerous, Sad havoc has been caused amongst the vegetation by the introduction of rabbits. These little pests ate up every green thing, the grass died, and then the heavy rains washed the soil away. The rabbits themselves are now perish- ing, but a few are still to be found—thin and diminutive, the mere wrecks of their species. Dr. Metcalfe states that it is a source of wonder to him how the pines that are still standing exist at all. Their roots are exposed to the air, and seem to have scarcely any foot-hold on the bare and stony ground. He states also a remarkable fact—that here the mutton birds lay their eggs under the roots of the trees, and under boulders, as there is no soil. ‘To those who know the ordinary habits of the mutton bird this is a surprising fact, and argues at least an extreme affection on the part of these petrels for this island, since it has induced them to change their modes to suit the circumstances. Nepean Island is merely a mass of low, flat rock. There are, I think, two pines still standing on it, and douotless these will soon perish. This spot is a rich hunting ground for the collector of eggs. I come now to the main subject of my paper. From the sea the view discloses cliffs of about 100ft. high, broken here and there by gullies which form rocky bays, where, however, boats could only land in very calm weather, and from the landing stage there would most likely be no path upward except for a goat or a Melanesian, who seems as sure-footed and as free from fear as the aforenamed quadruped. Above the cliffs there are visible masses of pines, interspersed with stretches of grass, so green and thick that it recalled memories of an English landscape, Whether you land at the old township or at the Cascades you are at once amongst these grassey valleys, dotted here and there with pines, forming an enchanting prospect. Guavas grow wild in the gullies, bananas—a sort of wild PROCEEDINGS, MAY. Vv Solomon—arum lilies, and lemons in countless thousands meet the gaze of the delighted tourist. The lemons and guavas are the property of any who choose to pick them, and the former trees are covered with fruit at all times of the year. Seen at such a season as that during which I visited this spot, it is impossible to deny it the title of a little earthly Paradise. The pine indigenous here should be seen on its native soil in order to be appreciated. Specimens 200ft. high, and of great girth, are not infrequent. One of these still existing measures 35ft. 4ft. from the ground. with a somewhat pearly lustre. It is invariably found in or near Serpentine. Occurs in large masses at the Heazlewood; in hexagonal plates which are embedded in Serpentine, Lower Castray River ; common west of Beaconsfield; Mt. Heemskirk, foliated and partly altered to Hydromagnesite. (Ballarat School of Mines Museum. ) 37. BISMUTHENITE (Bismuth Glance). In small irregular particles in Amphibole with the native metal, Mt. Ramsay. A fine mass of this mineral was met with in the workings of the West Cumberland mine at Heemskirk. Stated to occur at the Blue Tier in granite and at Mt. Reid with Fluor- spar and metallic Bismuth in quartz. Atthe Iris River, Middlesex, this mineral has been discovered in a lode or vein associated with Cassiterite. Much of the exposed portion is altered to carbonate. 38. BIOTITE (Magnesia Mica). Abundant, often of a greenish colour, Mt. Heemskirk ; the frondose variety has been found at the North Pieman River; in large plates and masses at Flinders Island and on the north- eastern coast; common near the Hampshire Hills, many of the flakes measuring half an inch across ; Blue Tier and other places. This form of Mica may be distinguished from Muscovite, in a ceneral way, by its darker colour. 39. BERTHIERITE (Sulphide of Lead and Iron). Usually ofa dark steel grey colour with a metallic lustre and irregularly striated surface. On the west flank of Mt. Bischoff the mineral occurs asa compact lode closely intermixed with granular quartz. It contains a small amount of silver. 40. BOULANGERITE (Sulphantimonite of Lead). Occurs near Waratah with Siderite and Mariatite in a lode, the gangue of which is Fluor-spar and quartz. The samples vary in structure to some extent; they are commonly fibrous and compact, but often graduate to a form which is almost granular, the lustre is invariably silky and metallic. At Dundas it occurs both fibrous and massive, and is often associated with Jamesonite, Pyrites, Cerussite, and Massicot. 41. BORNITE (Sulphide of Copper and Iron). Also known as Purple Copper Ore. Occurs massive and of 10 MINERALS OF TASMANIA. good colouration, Mainwaring Inlet, West Coast; fairly common with Cassiterite and other minerals, Star of Peace Mine, Cascade River; occasionally occurs in limited quantity in stanniferous dykes, Blue Tier. , At Mt. Lyell this mineral occurs in a highly argentiferous form—often giving assay returns as high as 2000 oz. of silver to the ton of ore ; it is also to some extent auriferous. Argentiferous Bornite is of very unusual occurrence; but a similar combination occurs at the Red Mountain, Colorado, U.S.A., where it is also associated with Stromeyerite and Fahlerz. 42. BISMITE (Oxide of Bismuth). Of very rare occurrence. It is found as a thin yellowish earthy coating on other Bismuth minerals at Mt. Ramsay ; in arborescent crystal groups, occurring in the cleavage planes of country rock; ghee of a greenish-yellow. Hampshire Silver Mine (W. R. ell.) 43. BISMUTITE (Carbonate of Bismuth). Usually occurs in whitish to yellow amorphous and pulverulent masses with other ores of the same element, and sometimes as waterworn nodules in alluvial drift. Here it is of unusual rarity, having so far only been obtained in minute coatings and blebs at Mt. Ramsay, Mt. Reid, and the Hampshire Hills. Said to be occasionally met with in drift with gold and Native Bismuth at the Ring River; has been found somewhat plentiful in stanniferous drift as small waterworn slugs. Iris River, near Middlesex. At this locality it has recently been discovered in situ in a small lode or vein intermixed with quartz and the sulphide of the metal. 44, BISMUTH, Native. Abundantly distributed throughout a sub-crystalline black Hornblende or Amphibole of massive structure that occurs as an extensive lenticular formation at Mt. Ramsay. The metal is freely distributed in small irregular particles and flakey masses, varying in size from microscopic grain to pieces weighing several ounces. It occurs associated with blue and white Fluor, Scheelite, and Axinite, with the metallic minerals Pyrrhotite, Chalcopyrite, and Pyrite. The mass of Hornblende occurs as a contact formation abutting upon Granite on the one side, and a Dioritic rock on the other. At Mt. Reed this metal has been discovered in quartz with Fluor ; it has also been obtained at the Blue Tier in granite ina lode or dyke with Cassiterite and Molybdenite. Someof the alluvial gold obtained at the Ring River is said to contain this metal as an alloy; it would therefore approach the substance that has been named Maldonite. Although Bismuth is commonly auriferous it is not so at Mt. Ramsay; the gold at that locality was obtained from Chalcopyrite and Mispickel. BY W. F. PETTERD. TI 45. BARITE (Sulphate of Baryta or Heavy Spar). Occurs at many localities throughout the north-western portion of the island. It is very plentiful at the Surrey Hills, where it often contains Copper Pyrites and minerals resulting from the decomposition of the same, such as black oxide and the carbonates. At Mt. Lyell it occurs with Gold in large compact masses; in veins under Mt. Roland, Rocky River, and near Corinna, Pieman River; at the Wilmot River, where Native Copper is found associated with it; at the Specimen Reef Mine, Savage River, often containing cupriferous pyrites and sometimes Gold; with galena, Huskinson River; with Pyritesand Galena, near Deloraine; with Calcite, Siderite, and Galena, on the banks of the Upper Leven River. 46. BASTITE—see ScHILLER SPAR. 47. BLENDE—see SPHALERITE. 48, CHALCOPYRITE (Sulphide of Copper and Iron). Much of the mineral substance known under this name is more properly Cupriferous Pyrite, the pure chemical compound being comparatively rarely met with. It is the common ore of Copper, which here, as in most other metalliferous countries, is freely dis- tributed, although the crystallized pure form is but rarely seen. Although copper, probably this ore, was known to exist in the island as far back as 1822 (Evans’ Description of Van Diemen’s Land), no profitable results have followed the few attempts that have been made to open up the discoveries of the ore at Mount Maurice, Badger Head, Saxon’s Creek, kc. Al] have been abandoned after the expenditure of a limited amount of capital, so that the real value of these deposits still remains an open question. The more important localities are :—Mackintosh River, with. Baryta and Calcite ; Mainwaring Inlet ; Cascade River, with Cassiterite and Schorl; Mount Ramsay, auriferous in Hornblende; Badger Head ; Frankford; Mount Lyell, with Galena and other minerals; Penguin River; Lake Dora; Beaconsfield; Mount Maurice, with Cassiterite and crystallized Quartz; Mount Heemskirk; Arthur River; Scamander River, with Galena, Blende, and Arsenical Pyrites ; Blue Tier; near George’s Bay; Bell Mount, west of Mount Claude, where it occurs in rather large quantity as rounded lumps in alluvial drift with free gold; occurs in a lode at Mount Bischoff with Mariatite, Berthierite, and Chlorophane. 49. CANNEL COAL (2) An important discovery has recently been made of a bituminous substance bearing a very close physical resemblance to the valuable Cannel Coal of England and Scotland. It was found in the form of loose surface blocks—supposed afterwards in situ—by the prospectors sent out by the Mole Creek and Zeehan Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Company, Limited, at Barn Bluff, near Mount Pelion. 12 MINERALS OF TASMANIA. Mr. T. Bateman, the secretary of the Company, has kindly placed specimens of the substance at my disposal, as well as allowing me the privilege of making extracts from several interesting reports thereon. The substance is of a very compact nature, with a distinct and broad conchoidal fracture in all positions, shining intensely black, with a pitch-like appearance; brittle and sectile, with a dull black streak. It is easily ignited, burning with a clear flame, and gives off a strong odour. It has been critically examined, and careful analysis made by several well-known authorities, all of which tend to prove that, if not exactly identical with the typical form of Cannel Coal, it is at least very closely allied to it both physically and chemically. Mr. J. Cosmo Newberry, in a report upon its chemical composition, states that, ‘“‘ Upon analysis it gave the following results :— Water at 212°), ccscswecsssnteoses Basak trace. Wolatle matter <; 2.