pet iy Why es ee ed Has ARAN AT Vat at yh a sp eh" AA are ores ey 4) POPU Paral ae a dewsie bea ee mi tits teh ints aoe a vy wih) iW) toi « tn i) ii ay? Nave its NP ee Ori A at 4 Ne 1h Mapa) PaaS i one scotia naaiaung ahh iets tae main ei Pam i My) pain tiie ae i ie eae Mt i oe i ie oi ii ania mete ' vs asaed oat sh i; pin) ih <3 seit ait HRA 2H => S=2eSTS5 += aS ates pS EHge <=iz zu fSEEE = Beste press 2Eee rare BS =. SEES ‘ae sh, sii Hats sian i ie! , Pete U hat ats a bah vik ae Calihey ) IE 4a Hes aS - a i Hh Paet hae at rt Va tadatt ihe lh atheded | it ee by! ri nul we} if hath ite fay ae ean ty oH) rr sate bitty ic neat ‘i haps iat cibsuye ny a va oe ee st aa a he WH) i * sti At Mite rity 0 ied, ae nk de a “Ath : Hatta uae - ’ a i a ae i ie tio su Hin tyke eS - 3=. =. =. SSS 34:52 == esis as Sette fat ee = eee SEES = aS = StSS2assss5 SEES : act sie ce neat > 1B) diaeariteng . iy id a att es Hit — aa As a SY ‘3 ‘ i Hits " inh hh \ i] \ 7 a ; cs cae oe a Ny an Hise i, CH ‘ ae Y Meat ue i oe +h a ange i ‘ ae y ith enh HY} } ti ait eit u pot waits fH fat tx Hh) a tA ‘i 4h Me aaah i at is) ae ath He ay hs {f bie! junkie thie eee ae Cee a ee 3 sie is } yt Hin He alt Ha rat abe nee mina ne oe i} pararasvaniedtael \ TRE Hy inde Hk i i) i uy it tite a aig i ey ie Bt i a ret ie it anlagth sth ta HS HH ee We ste Sa Bi eae Nt EM pen SE EARN ae i es : ea saint aA an Sabu ce sia i i a ae Sot : i ae . by ie sina it ii Nit se ta ie aut AWAY 4) i i va aa itt | . aS Ae ae : et aah tia EM by ib mh a a if tht = _ it nhibt Ha i Hh Butt Gant th i a i iy eae if at te ih Ae i ne Ha ih 4 iil a yh Seta ue fe ‘i it A Hilt a ih) a i NCH yep iP ae AR a ae yh in Worn’ had a Hane i He iM a hy Anti i it adits ia tule! seats | ) nb " cs Hi - o H an Hit it Ah ae ehh gi i OMEN “a an f i} ti a a Nh } } | ih: Hits “4 “i tHE | iy tity ath Py Nahe { of Hatta hy : At aa oe a ae a ; f tayad it) Saya Lobe Sah Py Ii) Tahal df } | ae ee ae ue enn o oF iia ae d a afi Pty nt aE isin Hei iu nati soe it oe aT rant tt ‘ : i v 4 i Hi Het wt ae 44 Mii) 7 nats ie MSO f wih : it ban At} th Ny iy iat sar ait ie co it me inh ¥ i eve | ie eSATA Y ay MLB Mat oie Ny ayy d He Ai i) ith if fhigte a NY Ne i it Daas Sa mene es on R NIRHtY nai! tht Reha Co } ett i Oye ait a ay is ran ah a iy t tes a aa a tt Bi i ; . Hi ‘ial net ieee en ‘ 4 ie Hey Hy } i SHH Naaye uy aa fit Feat Rta Nba ia iene a et rity Hi nit ati Rails et 8 wes ih H ait a ce il a! : ce i i i 3) oe F ‘4 ii pat Ho) 8! aon bit ie bal Tyedae ita “i it hie Tada Peat ave al vapt tohalesg syste . Beha a edn iy Arey tile twp PLAN nase ip atte fe reat suit Nei Ialareasans shi [ a eo Bk 4; nti Hf aa ate i gid POR Ht ph att i) Mh i ih oe RRM HE st i neat it i ; wn Line st ! al a +) } had t ss a ie a ast ie hone sili i Hie ny) ii; ati ) rand fy he niet aay i hat HS th Hie e feerese EEE Hilssiiss at ict Sea Sse Soe 4 33. = = i i" bt i Ae ae i f ) Sate yi ie Aint th + pi Rat a _ a ie isch e i aad Wty iy) CENTS ie slaastig aa ta ats ia ee sists ies ae ig i it Mi oe By an ae res iat tit si it he shh hit He a sed solbep nt ‘ i ‘ it ‘5 i arth pita ayia tf Ni . } nit Hegeeaiki i} | ih ge ae iit nea fh ; sti ah ve i iit . 8 ine an on ai i ft sti bent Hs oe aia ‘i fetid Paetead Might ae be vi nt aus Fa ER Hes co i Tt ae i Ps ih a oe i Ne HY ie ua ie aa AEN ae ‘i wih it seat Ein a ie iii nse nee ie ahs is ite rt ; Hat on i i ii i ine a : rity an Hs tae ae nt via ty fits wet it Sr aihtes ahaa if aig i i a baht ce es ne ; ; i Ht) a. 3 si ht Pee sii Pye t| mie Hyn tah i ae iy sy i nia i i $ i erie Sasaterntargroe iy Rots bth i it eins He iat i Ae te U2 Kae a THR ocRaE ae Nath eee STAN at - . i cane is ancl, Pity aie i Aerial ay ae fi eit Hh} ah saan aah) a elaitt} Pea tf nity aie ie iG iat re aNaseaise ie, if sity pie a at ors ey a DAMA rests sacks ig i ae yf ae ANE cash MF Kit i art Hatneatieaniee i ty orale be hayes Spe: sa dev ety ans a MH era ia fe Hite att ise in 4 WE if ia aoa ais ne ee “fi riche ante Honey Hee oe PAE eh Het iN palate iat a My nh ae mi fi) i bit nets Biches? babe oN) sdlehn we \ bit ail 3? ne v3! vail ae " aN * date ehh i a RMT PAE Geant gl iat shanti ee et path * Ht Pat Fi iin eg sparnana Dd phere he} a ih i) anit te seh rh * f nate QeMESDS Stay habe’ eas Ht aie ie the ie iti it oe 14 PAPILIO. DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO LEPIDOPTERA. VOL. IV. 1308 Tx EUGENE M. AARON. NA ya eo PHILADELPHIA : GEORGE B. CRESSON, ENTOMOLOGICAL PRINTER. 1884. INDEX. iWA@ sai? AV INDESS LO AUMHORS AND SUBJECTS. Book NOTICEs. Check-List of Insects of Canada; Label List of same . First Annual Report of Injurious and other Insects of New York; by J. A. Lintner Synopsis of N. Am. Species of Satya: by lone B. Sar . EDITORIAL COMMENT. Appreciative Entomologists . European versas American Entomologists Multiplication of Synonyms . Possible discontinuance of PAPILIO Permanent Curatorship of Am. Ent. once Prof. Lintner’s First Annual Report : W. H. Edwards’ New Catalogue . : = LOO: ‘ NoTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS; by Hy. Edwasds ad E. M. Aaron . AARON, EUGENE M. A Question of Priority Eudamus Tityrus and its varieties AARON, S. FRANK. Certain methods of judging and describing new species Collecting on Gulf Coast of Southern Texas AARON, E. M.andS. F. . List of collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera from So. Texas ANGUS, JAMES. Notes on some species of Catocala BEUTTENMULLER, WM. Food-plants of Lepidoptera . : . BuUrrER, A. |G. On the generic distinction of Megonostoma : Touching the so-called ‘‘ Controversy’’ concerning Species. EDWARDS, HENRY. Apparently new species of N. Am. Heterocera Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera. : 11,) 50; Some new forms of N. Am. Moths The genus Gloveria The lepidopterous genus Datana 80 81 8I 109 III 171 134 166 ie 147 I Tan 25 49 WS)S) 172 SS) E20 Is) 43 105 23 Epwarps, W. H. Capitalizing specific names Descriptions of new butterflies, mostly Row eens Notes on Colias Christina and C. Astraea On some Historical Errors : Exepaenery stages of Colias Harfordii anal c. Barbara ‘© Lyceena Melissa es ‘« Melitzea Chalcedon, ete. Phyciodes Camillus Papilio Zolicaon FRENCH, G. H. Arctia Geneura, Strecker.—Female New species of Gnopheela Eteparalory stages of Catocala een: ‘© Drasteria Erichtea Grote, A. R. A new species of Nystalea GRUBER, AUGUST. On the caterpillars of N. Am. Papilionidze and Nymphalide: translated from the German by C. E. Aaron; with 3 plates. 83, HaGeEn, H. A. Types of Tineina in the Cambridge Museum, Mass. . 96, HoLuLanp, W. J. Description of a new species of Sphacelodes Kirsy, W. F. On a copy of ‘‘Peale’s Lepidoptera Americana’’ in the British Museum LINTNER, J. A. On some Rio Grande Lepidoptera MoNnNoGRAPHS OF N. AM. LEPIDOPTERA NEUMOEGEN, B. New Heterocera from various parts of our continent Raivey, CV. On the Dimorphism of Teras Oxycoccana ScHAus, WM. Early stages of Mexican Lepidoptera SMITH, JOHN B. Hiubnerian STRECKER, HERMAN. Citheronia Infernalis and Catocala Babayaga WRIGHT, W. G. Description of a new Hemileuca Preparatory stages of Lyceena Amyntula 34 33 30 167 gI 63 128 162 1538 20 148 I5I 72 103 135 38 94 Gp 100 183 13 19 126 ili NOTES AND QUERIES. AARON, E. M. Denudation for study Erycides Okeechobee Eudamus Zestos Mr. Strecker’s Collection Notice to Subscribers Pamphila Baracoa in Florida Pamphila Cernes : Pamphila Panoquin in New iersey Unusual Occurrence BEHRENS, JAMES. Agrotis Vorax EpWARDS, HENRY. Mexican Lepidoptera Papilio Antimachus Epwarps, W. H. Callidryas Philea and Terias Mexicana in Wisconsin Limenitis Eros ELwEs, H. J. Concerning so-called species ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE A. A. A. S FERNALD, Mrs. C. H. Sexual attraction in the genus Samia FRENCH, G. H. Gnophela Arizona HowarbD, L. O. Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. Mann, B. PICKMAN. A new Entomological Society Rav Ee: ‘Lepidoptera of North America’’ ScuHaus, W. J. Pachylia Ficus SMITH, JOHN B. Polia Vorax Reply to the Editor WEED, CLARENCE M. Parasites in cocoons of Samia Columbia WorTHINGTON, C. E. Killing large Lepidoptera WRIGHT, W. G. Collecting in Southern California . Phi (OF 22 61 41 114 150 62 22 Er2 PIM 41 21 Tig 62 113 114 42 112 82 AI 150 21 114 I12 41 yep te) GENERAL INDEX. A Achlyodes Thraso 145 Acopa Pacifica 46 Acronyctodes, new genus 78 a Insignita 78 Aegeridae, Rio Grande 146 Agarista Grotei 14 Agraulis Vanille . 140 Agrotis Vorax 21, 114 Alypia Disparata . ne ** « Grote 13 | ‘© Hudsonia 43 ‘“ Octomaculata 146 Alypioides Flavilinguis 13 | Amblyscirtes Eos 144 | Ameria Nigricosta 14 ~~ “Unicolor 146 | Amphonyx Cluentius . II Anza Andria 179 ‘“ Glycerium . S17G Anisota Suprema 16 - ‘“ early stages 102 Antarctia Expressa 60 Antepione Imitata 48 Antheecia Petulans 123 Apatelodes Angelica 146 a Vivax 2 77 Apatura Antonia . 141, 178 as Celtis 141, 178 3 Cocles 141, 178 = Leilia iG ie: Arctia Eminens . . a50 ‘* Geneura, female 158 Arizona Butterflies 53 Argynnis Arge 2 “* — Myrina, larva gI, 120 Astragalus Crotalariz . _ E26 B Basilodes Mirabilis ee Territans Bombycidz, Mexican . new ; es Rio Grande Cc _Calledapteryx opinaterata Callidryas Philea a: Eubule i Sennze Catocala Abbreviatella . i: Amatrix, prepara- tory stages Angusi Arizone Aspasia . Babayaga Dionyza Hero Insolabilis Nuptialis Obscura os Pheebe . a Residua oe Walshii . Whitneyi |Charadra Nigracreta Charis Czenius Chlosyne Adjutrix Citheronia Infernalis Colias Astrza ‘* Barbara ** ~~ Boothii ce Czesonia ‘* ~ Christina - 94 45 14 44 146 18 Les 173 173 SY: 35 74 13 124 125 35 37 125 35 74 17 143 177 "a 30 3 4 4I 139 30 Colias Eurytheme 139 | Eudamus Albofasciatus Se iaartorait 3, 4| es Tityrus ns ss prep. stages 2 | os Zestos Copzeodes Procris 143 Eudule Nigricosta ‘« var. Waco 180| Euhalisidota Aperta Ctenucha Modulata 14 | ¥ Cervina a Proxima 14 Eulithosia, new genus . é Venosa 146, - Composita . zs Votiva . m2 * Thoracica 'Euptoieta Claudia D | Danais Archippus 140 | EF as ce neo | ae pie Bh Food-plants of Lepidoptera. = Svar. Strigosa 175 | ee Saks Modesta Datana, the genus 23 s Drexelii 25 | G Deilephila Lineata 145 | Diludia Collaris 12 | Gelechia, species in Cam- Dioptis Nervosus . 15] bridge Museum Dircenna Klugii 7 ZO Geometra Tridaria Drasteria Erichtea, egg and pScolenaere Mexican lanvae een é , . 148 | SN! Drasteria Erichtea, chrysalis 149) eta ae Hew Sens, « Magnifica 18 | - iArizouensis Drepanodes Vehemensaria 19 | . poo | Jalape . E ‘< Olivacea Ecpantheria Leucarctioides . 41 ‘« Venerabilis “ Sennettii 147 Gnophela Arizona 20, a Tenella 15, 41 Hopfferi Elachistidae, genera and spe- | cies in Camb. Museum 153 | H . Elysius Russatus . 60 Hadena Metallica Eresia Graphica iyi ze Viridis > Wexana 141 Halisidota Armillata ‘« Punctata yz ss Cinctipes Erycides Batabano 42 = Mansueta is Okeechobee 21, 42 a Propinqua Erycinidae, Rio Grande 143 Heliconia Charitonia Euchetes Emendatus 61 | Heliothis Suavis A Fumidus 61 Hemileuca Electra 19, = Immanis 75 Hepialus Confusus Vi 182 26 61 T4 77 igh 43 44 +4 140 98 19 18 47 105 107 107 109 108 108 112 Tet 2 17 17 76 76 iS) 14 45 42 122 Hesperide, Rio Grande Heterocampa Lunata - Muscosa Superba . Hypena Baltimoralis oe ce Inclyta Hyperchiria Schausii J Josiodes Distincta j Inversa . Junonia Lavinia K Kricogonia Fantasia 138, - Lanice 138, Lyside 7s sN Terissa 138, L Lagoa Superba Lepidoptera, Mexican . Libythea Carinenta Limenitis Arthemis, larva ae ae Disippus Eros Lithocolletis, species in Cam- bridge Museum Lithosidae, Mexican new Lyceena Alce a _Amyntula, larva sh pupa 143, Cyna Antibubastus . os Exilis Filenus Hanno Gyas Isola Melissa, preparatory stages . vl Lyceenide, Rio Grande Lycomorpha Contermina ~ Marginata 143 | 44 | 79 noe 112 80 16 M Macrosila Collaris Mecoceras Schausaria . Megonostoma, generic dis- tinction of Melicleptria Exalta Septentrionalis . Melanchroia Spuria Melitaea Albiplaga |Melitzea Chalcedon, stages : Melitaea Bollii ‘“ Definita Didyma, larva Elada, var. Perse Imitata Marcia, larva . Nycteis, ‘‘ Il Phaeton, ‘‘ I42 Tharos, 116 | oe ilies. 116 Metraea Argentalis 62) Mexican Lepidoptera N 14) 14) 141 prep. 174 | 174 174 1745 el 175, 90, 79 | : : 68, 89, ce 132, 151 | 14 43 var. Irene 180, Neonympha Areolatus . 126 | a Gemma 127 | os Sosybius . 180 Nisoniades Funeralis 180 Noctuidae, Mexican 143 | a new : , 180 | Nymphalidae, caterpillars 809, 180 Rio Grande . 143 Nystalea Indiana . 180 | | oO gt Opharus Eucheetiformis Nathalis Tole 6 ce 144, cc 143 13 13 12 18 58 124 45 15 175 63 176 176 gI 175 134 120 53 120 go Ls) 19 II ey 172 142 142 142 182 16 44 119g 140 7 15 Pachylia Ficus Ai Pamphila Baracoa, in Fla. 150. = Bellus 57 | a Brettus . 44 | - [envatee oret= toides 180 Bs €ernes, - 62 | es Campestris 180 = Cestus 57 - Comus . 181 Ss Deva 55 ly Eos ‘ 181 | es Huron . 143, 180| iG Iowa 181 a Lasus 54 Lunus 56 | Manataaqua . 62, A Osceola 181 | + Otho 144 . Panoquin 22 | “ Phyleeus 144 s Vestris: - 181 zs Vitellius 181 Bobo Ajax, larva 188 Antimachus 21 AT | ‘* Asterias 136 me SS elanva 84 | ‘« Brevicauda, larva 85 ‘“ Cresphontes 136 ‘‘ _Daunus, early stages. 100) ‘““ Helleri, early stages. 101 | ‘« ~~ Machaon, larva 86 “ Philenor 136 | is os larva 88, 118 ‘* Pilumnus. early stages 100 ‘“‘ Thoas, var. Cres- phontes . 172 an dlroilus, larva 87 Pinus. 9. 86 ‘* Zolicaon, early stages 162 Papilionidz, caterpillars P 84, vil TALS _Pericopis Schausii | ' Perigzea Benigna . | ‘« Continens pa Wilecta _Phasiane Aberrata Philampelus Linnei Pheebis Agarithe . _Pholisora Catullus ce Hayhurstii larva . ae Emissa Harrisii sius Phaon' 3 Tulcis\: et Vesta, cardi . Pieris Amaryllis Protodice Plusia Snowil im | Polia Vorax - Proteides Zestos Atrata ; Pyralide, Mexican Pyrameis Atalanta ms Huntera Pyrgus Locutia ‘« Tessellata . Syrichtus. Pyrrhomorpha Fusca R Robinsonia Perfecta Ss Samia Columbia var. _Plusiodonta Effulgens . |Pseudalypia Crotchii, | Papilionidze, Rio Grande 136 59 122 5 A Phyciodes Camillus, egg and Phyciodes Camillus chases Nycteis, var. Dru- Bou- var. 144, Rio Grande Lepidoptera i022) 47 145 137 145 145 128 130 130 57 57 141 177 177 II4 121 19 141 141 181 181 181 43 135 60 ez Satyrus Incana Seirarctia Bolteri . Sennett, Geo. B., expeditions Smyrna Bloomfildia, early stages : Smyrna Karwinskii, early stages Snowia, new genus a Montanaria Sphacelodes Floridensis Sphingide, Mexican pe Rio Grande Sphinx Insolita ‘“ Quinquemaculata Stiria Nanata Synchloe Adjutrix ie Lacinia . a Mediatrix a Saundersii Syneda Perfecta i = elerplexa.t Synedoida Aegrota Systasea Zampa T Tamila Arefacta Vill 2 12! oS) IOI 95 96 72 II 145 T45 T45 O5 I4I 177 177 177 46 47 47 T44 123 Teras Oxycoccana, dimor- phism Terias Linda “ Pisisa ‘* Mexicana Nicippe Tetracis Indiscretata Thanaos Tristis Thecla Blenina S - Ebanks owe seer ‘¢ M-album Melinus Poeas Sival.: Thyatira Batis Triprocris Aversus ce af Varina, new genus ‘“ Ornata Zz Zygeenide, Mexican ce new 143, 7 DO 139 113 139 48 182 179 179 22 22 179 143 179 16 4 od 94 o4 13 13 Saar 21 OS) D2 8 3) ee BoGENsS MM. a Sono \ if i. en ie, - * X PHILADELPHIA: \ HAzzarD & CRESSON, ENTOMOLOGICAL Poa TERS, mae NG TIT No. 55 North Seventh Street. 1884. CORO 2 PAPILIO. A Journal, devoted to Leipidoptera exclusively, published monthly, July and August excepted. Price, $2.00 per annum. Exchanges of Entomological writings with societies and authors throughout the world are earnestly desired. Advertisements will be inserted on the covers of PApiILiIo at the rate of $1 a year for 6 lines or less. Longer advertisments may be contracted for at equally low rates. Sample copies forwarded on receipt of 21 cents.. Back numbers supplied. All communications and remittances should be addressed to EUGENE M. AARON, Lock Box 2500, Philadelphia, Pa. ~H. K. MORRISON, Dealer in Insects of all Orders, Box 35, Morganton, Burke Co., N. C. = a ap , Complete collections, particularly rich in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, from the following desirable localities : Key West, Flia., Nevada, Louisiana, Idaho. I have at present many rare Lepidoptera from Arizona, and large series of Coleoptera from Arizona, Washington Territory, California, Montana, and North Carolina. Single specimens at reasonable rates, and series offered on very low terms. Especial care given to making collections to order in any group: larve, Micro-lepidoptera, Galls and gall insects, and families to which, in general, little attention is paid. Collections bought. Lists and full particulars in regard to Entomological material on hand sent on application. A.W. PUTMAN CRAMER, 51 Douglas B. NEUMOEGEN, P. O. box 2581, Street, Brooklyn, E. D., wishes to ex- | New York City, wishes to arrange with change with collectors of Lepidoptera. | collectors in -all parts of the world for mt Put ___ | the collection of Lepidoptera. Will ; also exchange. The undersigned is desirous of pro- curing, by purchase or otherwise, the | -geriade, Cossida, Hepialide and | For SaLte.—CuHeEcK List of the Plusias of the world. Asiatic, African | MACROLEPIDOPTERA of America north and South American forms much de- | of Mexico (Diurnals, Sphingidz, Sesii- sired. Hy. Epwarbs, dee, Zygenidz, Noctuide, and Geo- Wallack’s Theatre, _ metridz). Price, 50 cents. Address, New York. | Entomological Society, 9 Broadway, . E. D., Brooklyn. A new disinfectant for Entomological Cabi- nets. The material is in the form of cones, cast around a pin, so that they are ready for immediate use; are clean, and occupy very NAT. SIZE. little space. They are highly recommended by Drs. Leconte and Horn, and Messrs. Hy. Edwards, E. T. Cresson, and E. M. Aaron. Price per hundred, $1.00; postage, 1o cents. ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS.—Designed more particularly for Lepidoptera, but useful for all orders. Price, nickel-plated, $2.50. Sent by mail, on receipt of price. BLAKE & Co., 55 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia. HALF SIZE. PAPILIO. Devoted Exclusively to lepidoptera. Edited by Eugene M. re, | Philadelphia, January, 1884. Nowa Lock Box 2500. TO THE SUBSCRIBERS OF PAPILIO. The pressure of a number of business engagements upon me, renders it impossible for me to continue the pleasant task of editing “‘PAPILIO,”’ and though the journal appears to be on the high road to success, I am compelled to sever the connection with it, which for three years I have endeavored to make of value to the Entomological world. My regret, however, is lessened by the knowledge that I am enabled to transfer my stewardship into even better hands, and that the work which has been to me such a ‘‘labor of love,’’ will henceforth be ac- complished by one eminently fitted for the task, whose enthusiasm and ability are well and widely known, and who brings to his newly imposed position a very large experience in the Entomological field in addition to the valuable qualification of a practical business capacity. In in- troducing my good friend, Mr. EUGENE M. Aaron to the subscribers to ‘‘Papiiio,”’ I ask for him the kindly assistance and support which have in the past been given without stint to myself, and I bespeak for the journal a long career of uninterrupted prosperity. New York, January 18, 1884. Henry EpWarbs. In assuming Editorial control of PAPILIO, I have only to say that it will be my constant aim to conduct it in such a manner that the change in its management will not be too conspicuous. — It has shown, not only its right to exist, but that its discontinuance would be a serious loss to our Science, and it was this fact alone that induced me, in compliance with the requests of some of its most earnest supporters, to take up the mantle laid down by my accomplished predecessor. If I am furnished with the necessary amount of MSS., Papitto shall appear promptly each month, but in a magazine of this kind the Ed- itor is entirely dependent on his contributors, and cannot furnish “copy” from his own brain whenever his printer may stand in need thereof. Therefore all LEPIDOPTERISTS who wish to bring their re- searches before their fellows, and who appreciate neat and accurate typography with prompt publication, are requested to make PAPILIO their medium. EUGENE M. AARON. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF COLIAS HARFORDII, H. EDWARDS. ? BARBARA. H. EDW. By W. H. EDWARDs. EGoc.—Shape of Eurydice, Eurytheme, Philodice: slender, fusiform, the base broad, top sloping to a round point; the sides ribbed verti- cally, the space between the ribs crossed by numerous horizontal striz; color yellow-green, in a short time changing to crimson. Duration of this stage about four days. YounG Larva.—Length .12 inch; cylindrical, a little thickest on anterior segments; color brown-green ; each segment four or five times creased transversely, and on the ridges thus caused are fine black points, with each a short black hair; scattered among these are club- shaped white hairs; head rounded, scarcely at all depressed at top, thinly covered by black tubercles, and hairs which are longer than those on body. Duration of this stage about three days. After first Moult: length .16 inch; same shape, and marked with points as before; color dark green; along base a faint yellowish stripe; head rounded, green, the points and hairs black. Duration of this stage about four days. After second Moult: length .28 inch; dark green; the basal stripe more distinct, whitish; before end of the stage some larvee show traces of orange in this band. To next moult about three days. After third Moult: length .4 inch; same shape; color dark green; the band pure white from 2 to 13 inclusive; in the first part of the stage it is stained yellow in middle, later the yellow has changed to red; head a shade lighter than body. To fourth and last moult about three days. After fourth Moult: length .55 inch; in three days reaches maturity. MatTurE Larva.—Length 1.1 inch; greatest breadth .17 inch; slen- der, cylindrical, thickest from 4 to 8; each segment except the extremes creased transversely six times, the intervening ridges flatten- ed; on these are many fine conical black points, each giving a short hair ; on dorsum the hairs are gray, on sides and beneath white ; along base, from 2 to 13 inclusive, a continuous white band, through mid- dle of which runs a stripe of vermillion, and the white below this is stained yellow ; under side dark blue-green ; feet and legs green: head sub-globular, a little depressed at top, thickly covered with black tu- bercles the size and shape of those on body, each with a black hair ; color of head lighter green than body; ocelli emerald. From fourth moult to pupation about five days. CuRYSALIS.—Length .75 inch, greatest breadth .18 inch, depth .2 inch; compressed laterally, the thorax prominent; the head-case , oO beak-like, pointed, rounded on the under side, less so on the dorsal side; mesonotum rounded and rising to a low carina; abdomen coni- eal; color yellow-green, the abdomen more yellow than elsewhere and granulated with pale yellow; along the side of abdomen a bright yellow band, through which runs a red or an ochrey line; on ventral side a line of small ferruginous spots; on middle of wing-case a blackish dot, and a series of marginal dots, one in each interspace. One chrysalis, instead of the ventral lines of spots, had a continuous reddish band which crossed three segments. Duration of this stage nine to eleven days. Duration of the larval stages about eighteen days ; of the entire period from laying of egg to imago about thirty-one days. Colias Harfordii was described in Proc. Cal. Acad. N. Sci., Feb’y. 1877, from seven males taken in southern California, the female not mentioned; and omitting here and there an unimportant word or line, thus: Bright lemon-yellow. Primaries with the border moderate in width, equal throughout its entire length, and more or less serrate on its inner edge. The band is divided by the nervures, but never to its extreme edge. Discal spot oblong, yellow, surrounded by black. Secondaries with the border narrower. Beneath, uniform pale orange, a little palest on internal margin of primaries, avd devoid of the black and grayish scales so apparent in Occidentalis and Chrysomelas. Discal spot of primaries as on upper side; that of secondaries clear white in a brown-pink ring; and there is a faint indication of a row of sub- marginal spots of brown-pink on both wings. C. Barbara is described in same paper from two females, “‘the male unknown:’’ Whole surface light canary-yellow, with a black cloud at base, and a few scattered black scales along the costa. The marginal band of primaries is composed of black atoms, through which the yellow of the ground color is distinctly seen. it is broadest at the apex, thence narrows slightly, and continues of equal width to the inner angle. In this respect it differs greatly from Laurentina, (=/n- terior), in which the band is apical only, and obsolete before reaching the inner margin. The discal spot is small, ovate, deep yellow, in a black ring. Secondaries are destitute of any border. The discal spot is circular, pale orange, surmounted by a small spot of same color. ‘Under side of primaries pale lemon-yellow, powdered along the mar- gin with black atoms, more broadly so at the apical and costal edges. Discal spot with the yellow centre very plainly marked. Secondaries more closely and thickly powdered with black atoms, giving a green- ish appearance to the surface, and with a dark rose-pink streak at base. Discal spot large, circular, clear white, surmounted by a smaller one, each in brown ring. In the Proc. Cal. Acad., for June, 1878, Mr. Edwards says that he is inclined to think Barbara is the female of Harfordi7. The differences between these two supposed species were given in the above description as follows: Harfordil. Color: bright lemon-yellow. No black at base mentioned. No discal spot of hind wing men- tioned. Under side pale orange, devoid of dark scales. Barbara. Color: bright canary-yellow. A black cloud at base. Discal spot of hind wing pale orange, with smaller spot. Under side pale lemon-yellow; pri- maries powdered along the margin with black scales; hind wings more closely and thickly powdered, giving a greenish appearance to the surface. A pink streak at base. No submarginal spots mentioned. No pink at base mentioned. A faint indication of submarginal spots on both wings. The chief points of resemblance between the two, according to the descriptions, are found in the discal spots of both surfaces, and the fringes, rose-pink. Evidently there are two types of this species, the //arfordii type, lemon-yellow, no black at base; under side free from dark scales ; the Barbara type, canary-yellow, black at base, under side of both wings dusted black, the secondaries thickly. Neither of these forms has the fringes of upper side wholly pink; they are rosy, mixed with yellow on upper half of fore wing, and posterior half of hind wing, but the rest, amounting to nearly or quite one-half, is yellow only. On the under side the fringe is always yellow at and near inner angles of primaries, and usually next outer angles of secondaries, the rest pale pink, with more or less yellow mixed through it, but sometimes clear pink. I have upwards of fifty examples of the species before me as I write, nearly all from San Bernardino, (two bred from eggs sent from that place); of these 7 are females, two of which came from Mr. H. Edwards, marked ‘‘type.’’ Also a & from him marked ‘‘type.’’ And this series shows that the two types run through both sexes. That is, there are the two sexes of the Harford type, and the two of the Bar- bara type. It isa very curious thing, and for this reason I go into details at some length. Some of each sex are of a lovely bright and deep yellow, called in the description canary. Some of each are lemon- yellow. The typical male has no black at base; a bred female shows the same peculiarity. On the other hand, many males have the black at base as dense as in the type Barbara. On the under side the type males are devoid of black scales, but some (Barbara type) are just as much dusted over both wings as the type female, the hind wings also having a greenish hue, as stated for the female. The type female has no submarginal spots, but other females have the spots as distinctly as any of the males; on the other hand, occasionally a male has not a trace of these spots, others have a trace, as in the type; but some have the spots as conspicuous on both wings as in many PAzlodice. There is always a little pink at base of hind wing in both sexes. The discal spot of under hind wing is usually white, but occasionally is diluted rose. Now it is the fact that the males bear a certain resemblance to the males of C. /nterior. Dr. Hagen, in his Colias paper, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xxii, p. 165, claims that in Wash. Terr., he took 4 ¢ ¢ 5 2° 9 of Harfordii and Barbara, and that Mr. H. Edwards “‘recog- nized instantly’’ that they were of that species. It is true, eight of these nine examples had wings of a peculiar shape, ‘‘only one has the wings of the common shape,”’ and no males have submarginal spots below. Nevertheless, ‘‘they cannot be separated from Adwardsiz, ex- cept as a somewhat extravagant variety connected to the type by inter- mediate forms.’’ On p. 167, we read, Hlarfordii and “‘ Laurentina seem by the shape and color of the upper side to be nearly related to Phz/o- dice, but otherwise to belong to Edwardszi = C. Interior. ‘Till the contrary is proved they should be so placed.’’ The probabilities are that not one of the 83 $ ¢ 46 2 @ captured by Dr. Hagen in Wash. Terr. and treated of in the paper quoted, was Ldwardsiz. Such wild comparisons as the above are so frequently made in this paper that I must infer that true Adwards77 is yet unknown to Dr. Hagen. ‘Till the contrary is proved they should be placed with Adwardsz = /nterior!’’ {donot undertake to pronounce on these nine ¢ 9 sup- posed Harfordii, except to say that they could not possibly be Ffar- fordii if they were Edwardsiz, and they could not possibly be Adwardsz if they were /vferior. Nothing is more certain than that, but what they were I have no idea. They had ‘‘a peculiar shape,’’ unlike that of Harfordii, and while they are not described, it is let out that there was no trace of submarginal spots, which is a feature of Hlarfordiz. Edwardsti is a large species, has a black discal spot without yellow centre, yellow fringes, and the under side is dusted over the margins of primaries and all of secondaries with gray scales like Alexandra; the discal spot of hind wings is small, white, with a delicate edging of rosy scales. There is no trace in either sex of submarginal spots. That is a very different thing from Har/fordi7, of either type, and no lepidopterist would have thought of comparing the two. As to /nterior, the differences are decisive, and indicate a different sub-group. The description of Baréara (?) given by Mr. Edwards settles the matter in a few words: ‘‘ border broadest at the apex, thence narrows slightly, and continues of equal width to the inner angles.”’ There never was seen an Ldwardsii or an /nterior with a border like that. Mr. Edwards, as if he had a prevision of the memorable raid into Wash. Terr. to be made one summer day by our great Neurop- terist, adds: ‘‘in this respect it differs greatly from Lawrentina, im which the band is apical only, and obsolete before reaching the inner margin.’ Laurentina is Interior, neither more nor less, and that is the style of border found in it, and in its next ally, Pedédne. There is no other American species with a border like that of the female FHlarfordit. Further, /ntertor of both sexes has a large deep roseate discal spot in a heavy brown ring, and often a diluted reddish ring out- side that, and it has no trace of submarginal spots. Its under side is yellow; the males thinly dusted gray, the females rather densely. FHlarfordii in both sexes has a white discal spot in slight brown pink ring, submarginal spots from a nearly obsolete trace to a bold series over both wings; and either little or no dusting on either wing, or if of the Barbara type, heavily dusted, and of a greenish hue. The sub- marginal spots connect the species with Phz/odice, but the Harfordit type of male is not Phzlodice, and the border of the female is in an altogether different style from that species. HarfordiZ may stand be- tween Philodice and /nterior, but not as linking the two species. It should be as a sub-group, with a rank equal to either of the sub-groups which contain these two species. Mr. W. G. Wright had several times taken the two forms Harfordiz and Baréara in copulation, in 1882 and 1883, and was fully satisfied that the two made but one species, though he had not learned that Mr. H. Edwards had come to that conclusion. Two pairs so taken were sent to me, and now stand in my collection. One of these males is canary-yellow, not black at base, the under side much dusted, the sub- marginal series of spots complete and conspicuous. The other male is pale yellow, with but a trace of the spots on hind wings; the under side moderately dusted; base above black. These are between the two forms. Both females are typical Barbara. Mr. Wright was greatly interested in the peculiarities of this species, and kindly undertook to supply me with eggs. These he obtained by tying females in bags over Astragalus crotalaria, which he had observ- ed to be the food plant. Mr. Wright had before this obtained one egg laid on Bur Clover, A/edicago denticulata, but this egg was not laid till the @ had been confined with the plant six days, and she laid no more. That plant could not bea favorite. The females which laid the eggs on Astragalus were sent me, and they were type Barbara. On 13th of July, 1883, came the first lot. Eight larvae hatched on the road, and two eggs. Next day came thirty-one larva. These had been six days out. The young larve looked like those of all other Coliads with which I am acquainted. It is not easy to find distinctions be- tween larvee of this genus at any stage, but such as there are consist mostly in variations of the longitudinal bands, and of the black spots under the band, or in some cases, on the body above. Comparing the mature larvee with that of Philodice, Harfordii is more slender, lighter green, the red stripe more continuous, and below it the band is yellow. There is an absence of black spots, which are almost constantly found in Philodice under the band. Nevertheless, of the Harfordi larve, ~I one did have small black spots under the band. Comparing with Eurydice, the two are very much alike in form, color, surface, but the larva of Eurydice has the red stripe macular, and there are peculiar rounded black knobs about the body which are not found in the other Coliads named. The eggs and chrysalids of all these species are after one pattern. I offered these larvae red clover, that being the usual food plant of Philodice, but they at all stages refused this. White clover they eat readily. The same thing occurred with larve of C. Hagenii from Colorado. Its food plant was an Astragalus also, and red clover it utterly refused to touch. I lost many of the Harford larve all through the stages to pupation, either from change of food or change of climate, so that I got but two butterflies at last, 1 ¢ 1 Q. The former came out 8th August, the other on 6th August. Both were bright canary-yellow. The female has an even border quite to inner angles; no black at base; a slight trace only of submarginal spots, and very little dusting on under side. That is, it is of same type with H. Edwards’ male Harfordii except as to color, which is that as- cribed to Barbara. The male is of the Harfordii type, only with color of Barbara. In a letter received from Mr. Wright, dated 26th Dec., 1883, he speaks of finding larvee of Harfordii of all sizes up to mature, and, as he says, ‘‘this proves that they breed here all winter.”’ O A NEW SPECIES OF NYSTALEA. By A. R. GROTE. Nystalea Indiana, n. sp.— ¢. Antenne shortly pectinate on basal half, simple to tips. Wings long; abdomen exceeding hind wings. Head and collar discolorous ochrey. Fore wings dirty gray, with up- right faint brown lines. Two brown costal spots at middle and two beneath them on median vein. Reniform, two brown points connected by a pale shade. Fringe dotted. Hind wings with whitish pellucid base and black borders. Expanse 42 mil. Indian River, Florida. This has no apical pale patch, like Conchifera. This tropical genus has not been previously found in the United States. There are hardly any but West Indian forms found in South- ern Florida, and to work them up properly it needs a full West Indian collection. It is evident that for sometime the synonymy of the species must be uncertain and there is no other way than to describe our species in cases of doubt. Ultimately the collections described by Mr. Walker from the West Indies will have to be overhauled and compared with Floridian collections. oo PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA AMATRIX, Hubn. By G. H. FRENCH, Carbondale, III. EGG.—Somewhat spheroidal in shape, the longitudinal diameter being .o2 inch and the transverse .035 inch. They are ridged longi- tudinally, 14 of these reaching the punctured area at the apex, these alternating with shorter ones that do not reach so far. The base is scarcely more flattened than the apex. Color very pale dull olive. Duration of this period from 200 to 249 days. YounGc Larva.—Length .12 inch. Color brown, one dorsal and three lateral stripes a little darker than the rest of the body, hairs and head concolorous, the number of feet 12. Toward the close of this period the sides are more of a brownish yellow with four reddish brown stripes, the lower or substigmatal not clearly discernible at first, and on the venter dark brown spots in the centre of joints 4 to 8. Duration of this period six days. After first Moult.—Length .35 inch. Color of the dorsum brownish buff, the sides dark purplish brown; by transmitted light it may be seen divided into four more or less distinct lines, the pale alter- nate lines narrow and faint. Head brown not very dark, with faint traces of lines. Scarcely a trace of the centre of the dorsum being lighter than the rest of the dorsum. Venter pale, joints four to eight with each a central black spot. First and second abdominal legs about one-fourth the size of the others. Duration of this period four days. After second Moult.—Length .65 inch. More striped than be- fore, a dorsal stripe somewhat moniliform, the centre purplish brown on a yellow field or the outer part of the stripe yellow. Subdorsal line yellow, between this and the dorsal stripe a stripe the color of the cen- tre of the dorsal stripe. Joint 8 a little raised and all but the centre blackish. Subdorsal region two stripes, the upper like the second dorsal, the lower almost black; the substigmatal line and the one sepa- rating the two stripes gray. Head striped with a number of blackish longitudinal lines. Thoracic feet yellow, the others yellow with a black base. The black isa smoky purplish black and not clear. Venter pale yellow with the usual black spots. Duration of this period three days. After third Moult.—Length .75 inch. As before, the dorsal space is composed of three stripes, and each side to the lower part of stigmata two. The central of the three dorsal stripes somewhat ellip- tical on each joint, the central part pale dull reddish yellow, outside of this clear pale yellow. The division between this and the next stripe a more or less distinct black line composed of a series of dots, a simi- lar series of dots, marking the division between the reddish yellow and 9 the yellow portions of the dorsal stripe. The second stripe dull pale yellowish red. Subdorsal line another series of black dots, but more nearly a continuous line. Below this line of dots a pale yellow line bordered below with another line of dots, a similar pale yellow line and bordering lines of dots separating the two lateral stripes, the series of dots next the lower stripe more prominent. The centre or body of the lateral stripes the same as the dorsal in color. Substigmatal line pale yellow bordered with black. These black lines are so fine that they make but little of the color of the surface except the lower lateral one. Joint 8 elevated in the region of the posterior dorsal _pilifer- ous spots, back part of the elevation on back and sides mostly black, except the pale yellow lines; more black also on posterior part of joint eleven. Piliferous spots rather prominent, orange, the hairs black. Head paler than the body, a black stripe on each side, and two on each side of the front. Quite a prominent fleshy fringe along the side. Toward the last of this period the general color changes to a grayish red with a yellow tinge between the joints. Duration of this period three days. After fourth Moult.—Length 1.05 inches. Pale reddish gray, the stripes as before but faint, indicated principally by the rows of dots. Sides of posterior and anterior parts tinged with black. Duration of this period eight days. After fifth Moult.—Length 1.40 inches. Ground color very pale lilac-white, the body still having some of the appearance of stripes between the joints, but the general appearance is of a uniform color with rows of black dots. Joint 8 still elevated, and the posterior pair of piliferous spots on joint 1r more prominent than the others, pointing back and with an oblique black mark from behind them forward. Middle of joint 8 yellowish with black mottlings on the sides running back to abdominal legs on joint 9. Head nearly a clear color, a black line down the sides of the cheeks and another fine one back, a little brown in front. Stigmata pale brown, finely ringed with black. A little faint yellowish along the back, head and legs with faint brownish tinge. Mature Larva.—Length 3 inches; width of head .17 inch; of joint 8, .35. Height of joint 1, .15 inch; of joint 8, .35, tapering gradually each way from joint 8, the place where the measurements taken being a little elevated. More distinctly striped than at the beginning of the period, there being three dorsal and three lateral to each side; the central dorsal pale, the parts on each joint somewhat elliptical, the broad part between the joints the narrow in the centre. The whole body dot- ted with fine black dots that seem to be as during other periods. The second stripe on dorsum darker, more intensified on joint 8. The darker stripes are made darker by the slightly darker ground color. First lateral stripe pale, the dots gathered in its centre in slightly elliptical IO masses, much as in the dorsal, wider than the next. Stigmatal stripe dark, including the dark brown stigmata. Below this a pale stripe that reaches to the fringe. Color of all the stripes gray, slightly flesh colored in the paler ones. Elevation of joint 8 more distinctly black in the dark stripes, the central fulvous on the elevation without the black dots. Piliferous spots orange, rather inconspicuous except the posterior dorsal pair of joint 11, which are prominent and project backward. Head mottled with pale brownish, otherwise as at beginning of period. Three of the ocelli black. Legs pale. Venter pale without the black dots, the centres of joints 4 to 8 with purplish black spots, traces of same on other joints. Duration of this period twenty-five days. CuRyYSALIs.—Length 1.25 inches, length of wing and tongue cases .65 inch, these reaching to the posterior part of joint 5. Shape to joint 5 cylindrical, the rest of the way conical. Depth of thorax .4o inch, of joints 2 to 4.38. Head, thorax and wing cases chagreened, rather coarsely, the head end rounded, eye cases not very prominent. Abdominal joints punctured, tip ending in six hooks in three sets of two each as to length, the two longer turning outward, the two short at the base turning inward. Color dark chestnut-brown, covered with a glaucous powder. Duration of this period from twenty-eight to thirty-four days. October 14, 1882, a female Amatrix was brought to me, from which I obtained the next day 261 eggs. These began hatching May 3rd, 1883, and continued hatching to June 21st, making the egg period from 200 to 249 days. Only the few that hatched first were fed, and the greater part of those failed to reach maturity, owing mainly toa form of bacterian disease that has prevailed in the most of the species of caterpillars I have attempted to raise this year, and it has not been confined to the breeding cages, but has been as destructive in the fields. Two imagines were raised, one pupating June 21, and producing the imago July 25, the other pupating July 8, and hatching August 3. This gives us a minimum period of 277 days from the egg to the imago. Supposing that the difference in hatching of the eggs noticed here is their usual way, this accounts for fresh specimens being found in the woods from August to October, and I think very likely with a sufficient number of eggs other species would show a similar trait. I am of the opinion that all our species are single brooded, this being based on observations of different species in the woods, and rearing three different species. This species was fed most of the time on Cottonwood, though they were fed for a few days on Lombardy Poplar. In pupating they spun leaves together, lining the leaves with a very thin cocoon of silk. Both specimens obtained were males, one with the fore wings the uniform gray, the other with the dark longitudinal shade through the middle of the wings. II NOTES ON MEXICAN LEPIDOPTERA WITH DES- CRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By HENRY EDWARDS. It has recently been my privilege to examine a magnificent collection of Lepidoptera, captured chiefly in the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Mr. William Schaus, Jr., many species in which appear to me to be new to science. It is, however, Apfipossible that some of those now characterized may have been described in the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali- Amer- icana,’’ but as that magnificent work is inaccessible to me, I venture to put upon record my own descriptions, even at the risk of creating a few synonyms. For the following species I have searched in vain through the recent publications of Walker, Butler, and others, and unless they are known to the authors of the ‘‘ Biologia,’ I think I am justified in my present course. It is a matter of great personal regret, and a great loss to science, that Mr. Schaus has, for the present at least, been compelled to leave Mexico, and abandon his observations upon the insect fauna of the interesting region explored by him. He had already done much toward a knowledge of the transformations of many rare species, and had exhibited so much zeal and intelligence in his work, that his cessation from labor in this enchanting field is greatly to be deplored. In a few years Mr. Schaus would undoubtedly have become one of our foremost entomologists, and it is earnestly to be hoped that he may yet be enabled to follow the study of the science he has done so much to illustrate. The types of the species now noticed are either in my own collection or in that of Mr. B. Neumoegen. | hope to continue the description of other forms in future numbers of SSPAPILIO; ” SPHINGID. Amphonyx cluentius, Clem.—Palpi dull buff, blackish above. Antenne sordid white, shading into brownish at their base. About the base of the legs are some dull buff hairs—the tibia are reddish brown, the tarsi a little darker. Thorax and head blackish brown, the former without distinct stripes, but with buff hairs intermingled, a roundish blotch on the sides, and a streak of the same color at the base of the wings. Abdomen blackish, a gray shade on disc, and a narrow black discal line on four posterior segments. The lateral spots are five in number, bright orange, margined in front with black, and reduced in size posteriorly as in all the genus. Primaries blackish brown, with a fawn-colored shade along the internal margin, widest at base, and enclosing some rather broad velvety-black waved lines. LZ There is also a black shade touching the buff patch at the base of wings. In the middle of the wing is another fawn-colored shade, reaching from near the centre to posterior margin. A black deeply- indented line runs sub-marginally from interior margin nearly to apex, where it branches into two forks, one slightly indistinct, going direct to apex, the other becoming creamy-white, and touching costa about its posterior third. Behind this last, and nearer to apex, is a small oblong black patch, bordered in front with cream-color. There is also an obsolete cream-colored dentated line near the base, running toward the disc, and a very indistinct cream-white discal spot. The discal field is also clouded with velvety-black. Secondaries rich black, with rather narrow yellow semi-transparent band, reaching from the costal margin to the centre of the wing, and cut by the black nervules. Nearer the base is a large, nearly ovate orange spot, below this, and nearer to anal angle, another smaller spot of the same color, while the abdominal and anal margins are wholly orange, the former more broadly so. The exterior margin is more deeply toothed than in other species of the genus, the dentations being distinctly edged with yel- lowish. Beneath, the abdomen is wholly buff, with five black triangu- lar patches, the primaries are brownish with a bright orange patch from centre of wing to near the base of the internal margin, and another orange streak at extreme base. The secondaries are also brownish, showing the orange semi-transparent streak, and three basal dashes of same color. Exp. wings 133 mm. Length of body 73 mm. Nearly allied to A. Anteus, Cr., and its variety A. Medor, Cr., but differing in its much darker color, and in the presence of five, instead of three orange spots on sides of the abdomen. Diludia collaris, Walk.—This name, which has hitherto gone as a synonym of 2. Brontes, Dru. must be restored. Specimens taken by Mr. Schaus prove its distinct character. It differs from D. Brontes, by the dark medio-costal triangular space which encloses the white discal spot, and by the fewer distinct undulating black lines, and from D. Jasminearum LeC., by the absence of the black streak, which in the latter species passes obliquely from costa across median space, to the middle of the posterior margin. There is also in D. collaris a more distinct waved black apical streak than in either of the other two species. The lower wings very much resemble those of D. /asminea- rum, but in the two examples I have seen the ‘‘ hoary bands’’ spoken of by Mr. Walker are nearly obsolete. This I do not regard as a character of great importance as in many specimens of 2). /asminearum they are strongly marked, in others entirely absent. The present species is very well figured as Macrosila collaris in ‘‘ Figures of N. American Lepidoptera,’’ by J. W. Weidemeyer, L. Calverley, and W. H. Edwards, Plate 18, Fig. 1. Exp. wings 105 mm. ZYG/ENIDZ. Alypia disparata, n. sp.—Allied to both A. octomaculata and A. Wittfeldii, but differing from both by its more slender form, longer antennee and abdomen, and narrower primaries with more produced apices. There is a strong character in the presence of a very large and distinct vitreous space between costal and sub-costal nervure, caus- ing an enlargement of the costa as in 4. Lorgudnii, and others. The primaries are more than twice as long as broad, greatly produced at apex; the anterior spot is oval, larger than the posterior, which is sub- ovate. The lower wings are like those of A. 8-maculata, the outer spot being quite small, but they are more transparent than in the com- mon species. Otherwise as in 4. 8-maculata. Tecnu Exp. wings 38 mm. Length of body 18 mm. Alypia (Agarista) Grotei, Bdvy.—Three examples of this rare spe- cies are in the collection, one of which has two spots on secondaries instead of one, as stated by Dr. Boisduval. The thorax also has four pale yellowish spots, two in front on the edge of the collar, and two on the sides. These may have been obliterated in Dr. Boisduval’s exam- ples. I think this is the insect recently described by Grote as Adypzozdes flavilinguis. The tongue in A. Grote? is bright yellow. Lycomorpha contermina, n. sp.—Nearly allied to LZ. pholus, but differing in the larger field of orange on the primaries, and the absence of that color on secondaries, except along that portion of the costa hidden by the fore wings when expanded. The orange space of the primaries covers two-thirds of the wing, its posterior edge being some- what waved. Fore femora and hind tarsi dull buff in front. The remainder of the insect is blue-black. goes Exp. wings 33 mm. Length of body 10 mm. Lycomorpha marginata, n. sp.—Wings above and below dull orange, with very narrow black margin to primaries from middle of costa to near internal angle, the margin being a little widest at the apex. The secondaries have a broader black margin which narrows out as it reaches the anal angle. Thorax and collar orange, rest of body glossy black. iDeshee Exp. wings 19 mm. Length of body 8 mm. Triprocris aversus, n. sp.—Primaries, lower side of all the wings, and upper side of abdomen bright glossy greenish black. Secondaries above, and all the rest of the body dull black. The wings are nar- rower and longer than in any of the allied species. It is nearest to 7- atrata, French, from Arizona. ene Exp. wings 28 mm. Length of body 9 mm. Ctenucha votiva, n. sp.—Head, front of thorax, base of patagiz, fore femora, and abdominal tuft bright crimson. Primaries greenish 14 black. Secondaries of a bluer shade than the fore wings. Abdomen concolorous with secondaries. Wings same color beneath, whole sur- face with metallic lustre, especially the abdomen. IO Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 15 mm. This species is nearly related to C. Rodinsonii, Bdv., but differs in having only the last segment of the abdomen red, whereas in C. Rod- zusonit, that color obtains in the five terminal segments. Ctenucha proxima, n. sp.—Closely allied to the preceding. In this species, however, the abdomen is wholly bronze-black, the only red coloring being on the head, collar, pectus and disc of thorax. The fore wings are greenish black, the secondaries of a bluer shade as in the previous species. Under side wholly blue-black. ‘ea Exp. wings 50mm. Length of body 18 mm. Ctenucha modulata, n. sp.—Wholly brassy-black above and be- neath, except the head, collar, palpi, pectus, femora and lower side of abdomen, which are bright orange. aD Exp. wings 38 mm. Length of body 14 mm. The three species now described may belong to Grote’s genus Pygoctenucha, but I have not Mr. Grote’s diagnosis of that genus at hand, and therefore cannot decide this definitely. LITHOSID and BOMBYCID-. Josiodes distincta, n. sp.—Primaries dull brown without any or- ange band or spots on the upper side. Secondaries with broad orange median band reaching quite to the external margin. Abdominal and hind margins also orange, the latter slightly toothed in centre. Beneath, the primaries have the base and costa for two-thirds its length, and the whole of the median space orange, leaving the internal, apical, and posterior margins black. Secondaries as on the upper side. Thorax and legs dull brown. Abdomen brown-black beneath, orange at sides, and black dorsally. DeOpe Exp. wings 43 mm. Length of body 18 mm. Josiodes inversa, n. sp.—Closely allied to the preceding, and pos- sibly only the other sex. It differs in having to the secondaries a wide black border, leaving only the abdominal margin and a broad median band orange, the latter not touching the posterior margin. The orange mark on primaries beneath is of the same shape as in /. distincta, but smaller, thus leaving a much larger black margin. FAG Exp. wings 42 mm. Length of body 17 mm. Ameria (Eudule, Hbn.) nigricosta, n. sp.—Bright orange; costal border narrowly black, widening at apex; fringes of both wings black; tibize and tarsi orange. E5d% Exp. wings 24 mm. Length of body 1o mm. Closely allied to £. tnvaria and E. conformis. 15 I have followed Mr. A. G. Butler in referring this species to Hubner’s genus /:udule. Melanchroia spuria, n. sp.—Bluish black; primaries with the apex and fringes broadly white. Beneath both wings have the base broadly orange. Thorax with sordid white stripe at sides; collar reddish, rest of body blue-back. Exp. wings 26mm. Length of body 9 mm. ae Dioptis nervosus, n. sp.—Smoky-brown; thorax with orange teg- ulze; antennz black. Primaries with a broad white median patch reach- ing to costa, but not touching internal angle. This mark is narrowest at costa, swollen behind its centre. There is a very distinct, pale or- ange, circular apical spot, and the nerves at base are streaked with whitish. Secondaries have the abdominal margin broadly, the poste- rior margin narrowly smoky brown, the rest clear white. On the underside the markings are repeated. ee Exp. wings 28 mm. Length of body 12 mm. Ecpantheria tenella, n. sp.—Head black below the eyes, cream- white on the crown. Thorax above cream-white, with seven rather large black ovate spots, two on collar, one on each tegula, two on disc, and one on base. Pectus and base of legs dusky black; tibize cream-white; tarsi dusky black. Abdomen dull orange at the sides, blackish at base, with a blue-black dorsal stripe on four posterior segments; anal ex- tremity black, beneath cream-white. Primaries cream-white, with six irregular bands of black spots, basal consisting of two spots not reach- ing internal margin; second of four spots; third of six spots, crossing the middle of the wing; fourth of five spots; fifth of six spots, those at the internal angle being connected with the marginal band, which consists of six spots, the apical being very minute. With the excep- tion of the marginal band the costal spots are always the largest. The nervules are dull-yellow. Secondaries cream-white, dull yellow at base. On anal margin, which is produced, as in all the genus, is a dull-black cloud, bordered with dull yellow. On the underside of the wings the markings are repeated. Teese Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 18 mm. Opharus euchetiformis, n. sp.—Fore wings fawn color speckled with brown, with three small dark brown dots in the disc, and two rather larger behind the cell. Secondaries slightly vitreous at the base, dull fawn color at the margins. Under side same as the upper, with a yellowish shade at the base of the wings. Head and thorax concol- orous with the wings, as are also the legs. Abdomen bright orange at the sides, with a lateral row of black spots; fawn color at base, with five black dorsal spgts. The whole of the under side of body, includ- ing the base of the tibia, is dull buff. Tee Exp. wings 48 mm. Length of body 19 mm, 16 This species exactly agrees structurally with Walker’s genus, Lep. Heter. B. M. page 728, the form of the palpi, and the length of the legs serving to distinguish it. Anisota suprema, n. sp.—Primaries above reddish brown, with faint indication of a basal black band; an oblique black band from near apex to near internal angle, being indeed the sub-marginal band. The nervures are all prominently marked out with black; a clear white discal spot, and the extreme margin narrowly black. Secondaries wholly jet black. Beneath the primaries are dull crimson at the base of costa, this color widening out as it approaches the black sub-mar- ginal band, which is here distinctly seen. Sub-costal nervure pale yellow at its base for one-half its length; rest of the wing smoky, with the nervures black. The same pattern of coloration is repeated on the secondaries. Antennae, head, thorax, tip of abdomen, «and fore femora, orange; the rest of abdomen and legs jet black. Iga Exp. wings 53 mm. Length of body 22 mm. A magnificent insect, by far the handsomest of its genus. Hyperchiria Schausii, n. sp.—é. Primaries much produced apically, rich olive-brown, darkest at the posterior margin, a straight basal streak of dull ochreous across the wing. At the junction of this with the internal margin arises another streak of the same color, run- ning from the basal third to the apex. The discal mark is irregularly ovate, dull ochreous. Secondaries bright orange, dusty at base. Discal areolet red, with black ring and a black pupil, around which are a few white scales. At the termination of the orange space is a black sinuate line; behind this, following the same course, a rather wider reddish line, while the margin is fawn color. Beneath the wings are pale oliv- aceous. Primaries with the oblique band very distinct, black, a large black discal spot, in the centre of which are a few white scales; apices and margin dusky. Secondaries reddish along abdominal margin, a small, white discal spot, a waved, reddish brown sub-marginal line, with a faint shading of the same color behind it. Antenne orange. Thorax and abdomen dusky above, reddish fawn color beneath. Exp. wings 80 mm. Length of body 23 mm. Q@. Similar to , but with the discal areolet of secondaries more distinctly marked on the lower side. Exp. wings 100 mm. Length of body 40 mm. It is with sincere pleasure that I dedicate this grand insect to my valued friend, Mr. W. Schaus, whose entomological labors entitle him to the widest recognition, and whose personal kindness to myself merits my warmest regard. NOCTUIDA. Thyatira Batis, var. Mexicana, n. var.—Differs from the Euro- pean form by its larger size, much darker ground color of the wings, 17 both primaries and secondaries, and by the pinkish spots, having a larger and darker internal shade. The number and shape of the spots are the same as in 7. dafis. The ground color of the primaries is rich dark olive-brown; the secondaries the same color, with fainter median band, and a little lighter shade at the base. Exp. wings 44 mm. Average exp. of 7: Batis. 34 mm. Charadra nigracreta, n. sp.—Primaries chalk-white; median band blackish, moderately toothed anteriorly, nearly oblique posteriorly, slightly waved in the middle. Reniform clear white; apex blackish, from whence runs an imperfect black dentate line, interrupted before reaching the internal angle. Behind this some blackish shades, margin black, fringe white. Secondaries smoky-black, fringe white. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, with black speckles. Wings beneath smoky; fringes and costa whitish; antenne testaceous. Ig: Exp. wings 32 mm. Length of body 14 mm. Hadena viridis, n. sp.—Primaries bright dark emerald-green, with black blotched markings, and with the nervures marked with bluish. The usual lines are obliterated, but the black marks are arranged in a series of three broken bands. Reniform green, sub-reniform black, both indistinct. Secondaries smoky black. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Palpi and legs dotted with brownish. Be- neath the wings are smoky, the discal mark, and a marginal band on secondaries, distinct. toe Exp. wings 29 mm. Length of body 14 mm. Hadena metallica, n. sp.—General color rich purplish brown, with metallic lustre. Fore-wings richly shaded with blackish. The t. a. and t. p. lines are distinct, dull red, and in contrast to ground color. The former oblique forward from internal margin to near base of costa, which also has some reddish shades. This line is interrupted near the median nervule. The t. p. line bends outwardly near median nervule, and is joined there by a pale ochreous faint line, which reaches to the nearly obsolete reniform. At base of internal margin a small spot of bluish white scales, and an ochreous spot at internal angle. Sub-mar- ginal points angular, black. Secondaries smoky brown, dusky white at base, fringes whitish. Beneath the wings are dusky, white at base, with rather wide smoky margins, the t. p. line distinct, formed of black dots, and passing through secondaries, enclosing distinct discal spots. Palpi, thorax, legs and abdomen, mottled with brown and reddish above and below. The abdomen has some white tufts at its extremity. Antenne testaceous. it Ge Exp. wings 40 mm. Length of body 19 mm. A very handsome species, somewhat recalling the coloration of Am- phipyra sanguinipuncta, Gne. from N. S. Wales. 18 Drasteria magnifica, n. sp.—Primaries rich brownish fawn color, a slight basal line enclosing on internal margin a distinct black velvety spot. On costa some large triangular brown blotches, not extending beyond the median nervule, some faint brown waved median lines, and an oblique sub-marginal line. Behind this a double row of black points, and a regularly toothed marginal line, the dentations rather deep; mar- gins brownish. Secondaries smoky, with ochreous waved median shade. Abdominal and external margins also ochreous, the latter with toothed marginal black line. Thorax brownish. Abdomen ochreous smoky, tip ochreous. Beneath wholly ochreous, with smoky shades on primaries. I Gy: Exp. wings 58 mm. Length of body 25 mm. The largest species of the genus known to me. GEOMETRIDZ. Calledapteryx opinaterata, n. sp.—Body and wings ochreous brown. On the primaries is a broad median space, widest on costa, constricted in the middle, and widening again to internal margin. This space is edged in front with a brown distinct line. Posterior edge brown on costa, whitish in the middle, the median nervules also whitish. The posterior margin has a brown dash at the base of the sinus, the other spaces being freckled and clouded with darker brown. Secondaries a little more ochreous than primaries, with similar median space, edged with brown and whitish, and very deeply toothed externally in the centre. Some whitish shades near anal angle, and a dark brown shade at base of costal prominent tooth. Beneath wholly ochreous, with brown freckles, most distinct on the margin of the wings. rio? Exp. wings 40mm. Length of body 15 mm. As far as I know this is the second species of the genus yet discov- ered. It is very like C. dryopterata, Pack. (Monog. Phalznide, p. 313) but is much larger, differing also in the form of the band on primaries, and by the absence of the dark shades on the internal mar- gin. Mecoceras Schausaria, n. sp.—Bright apple green, with a slight bluish tint. The costa is pale, and on the wings are numerous bright red dots and dashes, almost invisible without alens. There is an oblique submarginal band common to both wings, yellowish, with some red spots, a more distinct red spot as the band reaches the internal margin, and again at the anal angle. Beneath wholly pale green. Legs and abdomen whitish beneath, both with long hairs, especially on hind tarsi. Antennz testaceous. iow. Exp. wings 45 mm.. Length of body 22 mm. Somewhat resembling JZ peninsularia, Gr. but the color is much brighter, and the bands and spots less distinct. 19 Drepanodes vehemensaria, n. sp.—Ochreous. Fore wings very much falcated, with a broad brown irregular band from apex to middle of internal margin, and carried along the secondaries to middle of abdominal margin. On primaries, within this band, are several brown blotches, the basal being the largest. Behind it are some smaller specks, the same coloration and markings also obtaining on the secondaries. The whole surface of both wings covered with brown dots and waved lines. Beneath paler, with the markings repeated. Thorax and ab- domen concolorous, with brown shades. tod Exp. wings 40mm. Length of body 18 mm. Geometra iridaria, var. consequaria, n. var.—In this form the costal border is very distinctly freckled with black, the oblique sub- marginal line very broadly bordered with white, and the whole of the nervules behind this line are very prominently shaded with white to the posterior margin of both wings. Antenne white, with black spots on basal five joints. Abdomen green above for basal five joints, the rest white. Beneath the fore wings are green, the hind pair white, lines less distinct than above. Near base of hind wings some distinct small black blotches. it ohes Exp. wings 31 mm. Length of body 15 mm. I have also received this form from Georgia and from Florida. PYRALID&. Metrza argentalis, n. sp.— ¢ size of JZ. osternalis, Gr. Pure sil- very white, with black basal dentate line not extending from internal margin beyond the median nervule. In front of this is a single black dot and behind it a double black dot. A sinuous and very distinct sub-marginal black line, broken into spots at the apex. Lower wings wholly silvery white. Under side with the lines of primaries very faintly displayed. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white. Exp. wings 32 mm. Length of body 14 mm. O DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HEMILEUCA. By W. G. WRIGHT. Hemileuca Electra, n. sp.— ¢ expanse 2.25 to 2.50 inches. Head bright rust-red; antennz dark red or reddish black. Prothorax white, with tinge of yellow; patagia black, bordered and tipped with white; thorax black above, red below. Abdomen bright red above, below black with white bands at each segment. Legs black; body slender, comparatively, with red anal tuft; length .85 inch. Fore wings narrow, two-fifths as wide as long; white and black, sub-diaphanous, basal third apparently reddish from the showing 20 through of the red under side. Costa strongly concave, edged with black; outer margin with narrow black border, through which some of the nervures cut as white lines. In hind angle is a large ovoid space ex- tending over half way to apex, darker, yet more transparent than any other part from absence of the opaque white scales, sparingly dusted with minute black scales, and across it the nervures are deeply covered with black. An oval spot of dense black overlaid with white scales in the middle occupies the basal half of interior margin, in its widest part extending half way to costa and connected therewith by a black band. Discal lunule very large, irregularly oval, white overlaid with reddish yellow, and bordered with dense black. Hind wings rust-red, with scat- tered black scales on costa, and a narrow border of black sharply defined, broadening toward anal angle and ending thereat; near inner margin an indefinite, smoky, longitudinal cloud; discal spot very large, quad- rangular, black. Beneath, costa of fore-wings narrowly edged with black, a thin dark border on outer margin, the basal part of wings rust- red, the color becoming obsolete, but following the nervures through- out. Discal spot as above. Hind wings wholly red, with a sharply defined border on outer margin narrower than on upper side. Discal spot as above, but cut by a faint white transverse line. Hlabitat:—Southern California. Described from 2 ¢ taken on the wing, flying high, near San Bernardino, Cal., in Oct. 1883, by the author, and now in his possession. Following Drury, this name is given for that daughter of Atlas— the ‘‘ missing Pleiad.’’ oO A NEW SPECIES OF GNOPHLA. By G. H. FRENCH, Carbondale, III. Gnophezla Arizona, n. sp.—Expanse 1.90 inches. In color and marking this resembles G. Hoffferz7, but in shape of wings is more like G. Vermiculata. Thorax black, on the prosternum a patch of orange hairs that extends up to the humerus and over the front of the anterior femora. Abdomen steel-blue, five more or less distinct whitish spots on each side. Ground color of wings black, the hind wings with a steel-blue reflection in a certain light. The pattern of markings similar to Hopffer?, but is of a paler whitish yellow color, with the following dif- ferences: of the three central spots to the primaries, the discal and submedian are pointed next the body, and the anterior and posterior of the four terminal ones are very small. The secondaries have three medio-basal spots arranged similar to those on the primaries, a little less pointed basally, and the second or middle one a little smaller. Beyond these a row of three situated in the costal, first and second cells, the first lapping a little in front of the discal, but not as much as in 2i Vermiculata, the second is quadrate or nearly so, the thirdovate. Fringe at apex of both wings anal angle white. In the fringes this form re- sembles Vermiculata, but in the space between the central and terminal group of spots it is like Hopffer?. Described from 5 3s from Arizona, received from H. K. Morrison. O NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. PapiLio ANTIMACHUS, Drury.—Several specimens of this rare and remarka- ble butterfly are now known to exist in collections, though until within the past few years nothing was known of it beyond the type specimen now in the collec- tion of the Hon. Wm. Macleay, of Sydney, N. S. Wales. This was purchased at the sale of Francillon’s collection for the enormous sum of £30 sterling. In the Hewitson collection are now two others, taken by Mr. Rogers and Miss Diboli. The former of these cost Mr. Hewitson £20. Other examples are in the cabinets of F. J. Horniman; C. Ward, of Halifax; H. Grose Smith; Thomas Chapman, of Glasgow; B. Neumoegen, N. York; Herman Strecker, of Reading; Honrath, of Berlin; and C. Aurivillius, of Sweden. A battered example was sold at Stevens’ rooms, London, for £5. Probably about fourteen examples are now known. The home of the species is the West coast of Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Gaboon River, where it flies in the hottest sunshine. HENRY EDWARDS. PACHYLIA FIcUS, L. is very destructive in its larval stage to the Eucalyptus trees planted in various parts of the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. In some districts the whole trees are stripped of their foliage. It is somewhat singular that the larva should leave its general food, which is the leaves of Ficus and kindred genera, for those of an imported plant, of a very different natural order. W. ScHAUS, JR. DENUDATION FOR StUDY.—Will some of the readers of PapiL1o who have succeeded in denuding the wings of Butterflies without injuring them for the study of their neuration, favor me with their methods ? I desire to prepare a series of wings in this condition, but have so far failed to discover a good process. E. M. AARON. Notes ON AGROTIS VORAX, n. sp.—The body light brown or gray, the lower side of a beautiful pale greenish metallic hue, with two parallel rows of black points lengthwise. About middle of August I observed the caterpillar forming an ‘‘army worm,’’ thousands marching, or rather wriggling across roads and stones and fences to attack a new tree, after having left a former one leafless; they choose young ash trees, making their way up the green stem, of about four to six inches thickness. While feeding they are continually shaking one end of their body, either holding on by fore or by hind legs. The larva is chocolate color, scarcely over an inch long; emaciated, thin, in spite of all feeding. The next thing observed about them was that, coming to the ground in thousands, skinny and meagre, they bored themselves into the hard soil, leaving a small sandy tumulus outside. Forming afterwards such a bulky chrysalis and heavy moth, one might conclude they continue their feeding under ground. On September 4th the moth made its appearance from my chrysalids in captivity. In October only they were observed generally abroad, and came for shelter to the houses about the time of a snow-storm on the 4th of October. JAMES BEHRENS, San Francisco, 22 ERYCIDES OKEECHOBEE, Worthington. Careful comparison of this large Hesperid, a typical specimen of which has been kindly loaned me by Mr. W. H. Edwards, with specimens of Zrycides Batabano, Lucas, in my own and the American Entomological Society collections, shows them to be the same species. Lucas’ description in La Sagra’s History of Cuba, is brief, but as full as most of his descriptions, and answers to the type of Okeechobee in every particular. Two specimens of Batabano from Sefior Gundlach, in the collection of the So- ciety, with one from Hayti, and another with no locality label, show considerable difference in the amount of shining blue atoms on the secondaries. The speci- mens from Marco Island, which Mr. Worthington used in describing his O#ee- chobee, are evidently less sprinkled with these scales than the more southern specimens of the species usually are. I have, however, a specimen from Samana Bay, Hayti, which in every way agrees with the description of Okeechobee. Mr. Strecker gives Batabano a place in our fauna in his Catalogue, page 163. E. M. AARON. PAMPHILA PANOQUIN, ScuD. IN NEW JERSEY.—Various collecting trips to the sand hills below Atlantic City, N. J., have convinced me that this is one of the most interesting collecting fields in the Middle States. The locality consists of a series of sand ridges thrown up by the action of the wind, none of which are over twenty-five or thirty feet high. These are generally bare on top, with the sides thickly clothed to leeward with Everlasting, Mouse-ear, and various small shrubs. In the narrow valleys, between these ridges, trees (mostly Cedar and Holly) grow but little above the highest ridges, above which point they are stunted by the constant winds from the ocean. A few rivulets spread out occa- sionally, making stagnant pools and marshes, which are surrounded by flags, rushes, etc.; most excellent localities for Hesperid@ and Odonata. ‘This locality extends for about one mile in length, and varies from one-quarter mile to one hundred yards in width. Though so small in extent, this is the only locality on the island that is attractive to butterflies, and therefore many species may be found in a very small compass. Here, on blackberry flowers, I took, on the 25th of June and ist of July, 257 specimens of Pamphila Panoguin, Scud., a species heretofore catalogued from the Gulf States only. In his description of Panoquin (Proc. Essex Inst., Vol. III, p. 178), Mr. Scudder gives Connecticut as a locality, but in his ‘‘Systematic Revision”’ he states that this reference “ was erroneous.’ In the light of the fact that Pazoguin is one of the commonest but- terflies at Atlantic City, it seems probable that Mr. Scudder was right in giving Connecticut as a locality. Here I also had the pleasure of seeing a fine specimen of Thecla M-Album on the 11th of June, and, stranger yet on the 1st of July, a fair specimen of 7- Leta was taken. This adds another locality to this rare but wide-spread species, which, though never taken in any considerable quantity, has been captured in Canada, Maine, New Jersey, West Virginia, and Arizona. Among other captures in this locality may be mentioned the following: C Eubule, M. Pheton, P. Batesti, J. Cenia, N. Areolatus, T. Smilacis, P. Massa- soit, P. Phyleus, P. Accius, P. Ocola, P. Viator, P. Delaware, T. Persius, E. Lycidas, all of which, with the exception of P. Batesii, N. Areolatus, and P. Viator, have been taken in sufficient numbers to indicate that they are not merely occasional visitors. E. M. AARON: Small Brass pincers, per pair each, per 1,000 Assorted sizes, per 1,000 Insect Net Rings . 5 Blocks, each Ege Drills, each Sheet Cork for Insect Boxes, size 12 x Entomological Pins, Klaeger and Carlsbader, in packages 500 Setting Boards for Lepidoptera, each Entomological Supplies ON SALE, BY JOHN AKHURST, 32 Nassau Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Improved Entomological Forceps, made of fine spring’ steel, nickel-plated, 6% inches long, price . $1.50 : : : ; ei io At ak OES 3% x 4, per dozen sheets. 1.25 1.25 1.50 75 25 : d Eg (0) .20, .25 and .30 ALSO DEALER IN INVA wae ASIN 1D scOomric LNebere: N. B.— The above prices do not include the cost of transportation. Money Order or Registered Letter MUST accompany all orders. Rev. W. J. HoLvanp, Fifth Avenue, | Pittsburgh, Pa. , solicits correspondence with collectors in all parts of the world, and is prepared to purchase or exchange Macro- and Micro-lepidoptera. \s es- pecially desirous of obtaining perfect specimens of the Sphingid@ and Lom- bycid@ of North and South America, having in view the preparation of Mono- graphs of these two groups. arrangements made with collectors in foreign parts. WANTED. —Chrysalids of Papilio Turnus and Asterias, in any number to 100 of each. Will exchange chrysalids of Ajax, or purchase. W. H. Epwarnps, _ Jan. 1, 1884. | Coalburgh, W. Va. SCIENTIFIC AND MEpICAL Books, Minerals, Shells, Fossils, Birds, Eggs, Insects, etc., for sale by A. E. Foore, M.D., Prof. Min. and Chem., Fellow Am. Ass’n Adv. Science, Life Member Am. Museum Nat. History, N. Y., and Philadelphia Academy Nat. Sciences, 1223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia. Specimen copy, 32 pages illustrated, NATURALISTS’ LEISURE HOUR MontHLY BULLETIN sent free. Over 1000 Entomological books and excerpts in stock. alee) Special | AND | Recently Published, Price ros. 6a. NEE AS AT i 0 Y= 2S Se Mi a Cash in P. O. LEPIDOPTERA.—Diurnals and Noc- _turnals. Orders for Florida Insects will be promptly filled during the com- ing season at reasonable prices. Ad- dress, Won. WITTFELD, Georgiana P. O., Florida. References: E. M. Aaron, Phila.; W. H. Epwarps, Coalburgh, W. Va. WaANTED.—Good specimens of Lepi- doptera of the U. S. to complete my set for the purpose of preparing a Manual of Macro-lepidoptera. Send lists to G. H. FRENCH, Carbondale, Il. GRroOtTE’s NEw CHECK LIST OF HET- EROCERA can be had of Hy. Epwarps, 185 East 116th Street, New York. Price, $1.00. For sixteen 2 cent BEST OFFER OF ALL) tnicca'Sistes, pos: for trial xg” papers GHOIGE NEW SEEDS for trial Ig papers growth of 1883, §@ to 500 seeds in each, a// the following: New Large Diamond Pansies (40 distinct sorts and an endless variety of shades mixed ;) Double Aster (12 colors;) Verbena (100 kinds mixed ;) Velvet / lower (8 colors;) New Nicotiana (large, white, very fragrant ;) Chrys- anthemum (8 varieties;) New Lmperor Petu- nias (20 varieties mixed, finest strain ever of- fered ;) New Dwarf White Candytuft (each plant a perfect bouquet ;) Canterbury Bell (8 colors ; Hibiscus (cream color with black spots ;) Dowdle Portulaca (8 cols, ;) New Fairy Queen Stock (pro- fusion of lovely pink flowers ;) Céarkia (10 vars.) New Catalogue, with elegant Plate of Pansies in 10 colors, 5@€., or free, with seeds. L. W. GOODELL, Seed Grower, AMHERST, MAss. TREATING OF THE ODORS, DANCES, COLORS AND MUSIC OF INSECTS, By A. H. SWINTON, Member of the Entomological Society of London. CASSELL, PETTER, GALPIN & CO., 739 and 741 BROADWAY, NEW YORK: THE BUTTERFLIES NORTH AMERICA. BY W. H. EDWARDS. HESPERIDA WANTED. The undersigned wishes to corre- _ spond with collectors in all parts of the HovuGutTon, MIFFIN & Co., Boston, | have issued Part XI, Vol. 2, of this work. Price, $1.50. Contents:—PIERIS SISYMBRII, larva, | etc.; P. BECKERI, larva, etc.; PIERIS NELSONI; LIMENITIS EROS; LEMONIAS | Nats, larva, etc.; L. PALMERII. After May 1, 1883, the price of Parts Ito VII, 5 plates each, will be $3.50 per part; of VIII to XII, $2.25 per part; or 75 cents per plate—to all new subscribers. $40. MONSIEUR ALFRED WAILLY (mem- ber Lauréat de la Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France) formerly at 110 Clapham Road, London, has re- moved to TuDoR VILLA, TUDOR ROAD, NorBITON, SURREY, ENGLAND, and will be glad to obtain by purchase or exchange,living cocoons and pupe of American Lepidoptera. H. RippE, Naturalist, Blasewitz, Price of bound volume, | Dresden, Germany, has for sale a large | stock of recently collected and well | prepared insects, especially Lepidop- tera and Coleoptera. . Very fine and beautiful species col- lected by Mr. Carl Ribbe in the sea- sons of 1882 and 1883. An extensive stock of Amphybie, Conchyliz, Birds, etc., etc. Moderate prices, and extra allowance on large orders. World who have Hesperide for Sale or Exchange. Many rare North Amer- ican Rhopalocera for exchange. EUGENE M. AARON, Lock Box 2500, Philadelphia, Pa. GODEFRO!I MOLLINGER, Wagenin- gen, Holland (formerly at Godesberg, Germany), wishes to arrange with col- lectors for the purchase or exchange of any number of good pupe of Amer- ican Diurnals. FP. Philenor, Turnus, Asterias, Cresphontes, etc. Good pu- pz of the following European Lepi- doptera can be sent in exchange this winter: P. Podalirius, Alexanor and Machaon; Thais Polyxena-and Medesi- caste; Anth. Cardamines; Pol. Amphi- damas; Lyc. Iolas; Van. Levana ; Heter. ; Acherontia Atropos; Smer. Ocellata and Populi; Saturnia Spini and Pavonia, and some others. Also, prepared (blown) larvae and many first-class specimens of mounted Lepidoptera can be had in exchange for American Diurnal-pupe. WANTED.---HEMIPTERA. The undersigned will be glad to ob- tain, by purchase or exchange, Hemip- tera—Heteroptera from all parts of North America. Correspondence with careful collec- _ tors desired. Address, S. E. CASSINO, Peabody, Essex Co., Mass. tem % CEY YO ea FAFILIO. DEVOTED TO LEPIDOPTERA EXCLUSIVELY. | Vol. IV, No. 2.--FEBRUARY, 1884. | | ker. i & 4 1y Rub. Me Pte x . Subscription Two Dollars per Annum (Ten Numbers). at EI DU 1S 8 Nh BuUGENES MM. A ARROW. PHIDADELPHIA: Hazzarp & CRESSON, ENTOMOLOGICAL PRINTERS, No. 55 North Seventh Street. i 1884. : | Ge ~O HRA OY aE Sree Se | GD| eae A Journal, devoted to Leipidoptera exclusively, published monthly, July and August excepted. Price, $2.00 per annum. Exchanges of Entomological writings with societies and authors throughout the world are earnestly desired. Advertisements will be inserted on the covers of PAPILIO at the rate of $1 a year for 6 lines or less. Longer advertisments may be contracted for at equally low rates. Sample copies forwarded on receipt of 21 cents. Back numbers supplied. All communications and remittances should be addressed to EUGENE M. AARON, Lock Box 2500, Philadelphia, Pa. _H. K. MORRISON, Désler in“ Inseets' orally Orders: Box 35, Morganton, Burke Co., N. C. Complete collections, particularly rich in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, from the following desirable localities : Key West, Flia., Nevada, Louisiana, Idaho. I have at present many rare Lepidoptera from Arizona, and large series of Coleoptera from Arizona, Washington Territory, California, Montana, and ~ North Carolina. Single specimens at reasonable rates, and series offered on very low terms. Especial care given to making collections to order in any group: larve, Micro-lepidoptera, Galls and gall insects, and families to which, in general, little attention is paid. Collections bought. Lists and full particulars in regard to Entomological material on hand sent on application. A. W. PUTMAN CRAMER, 51 Douglas B. NEUMOEGEN, P. O. box 2581, Street, Brooklyn, E. D., wishes to ex- | New York City, wishes to arrange with change with collectors of Lepidoptera. | collectors in all parts of the world for j the collection of Lepidoptera. Will also exchange. The undersigned is desirous of pro- curing, by purchase or otherwise, the t Eegeriade, Cosside, Hepialide and For SALE.—CHECK List of the Plusias of the world. Asiatic, African | MACROLEPIDOPTERA of America north and South American forms much de- | of Mexico (Diurnals, Sphingidze, Sesii- sired. Hy. Epwarpbs, dx, Zygenide, Noctuidz, and Geo- Wallack’s Theatre, ' metridz). Price, 50 cents. Address, New York. Entomological Society, 9 Broadway, E. D., Brooklyn. A new disinfectant for Entomological Cabi- nets. The material is in the form of cones, cast around a pin, so that they are ready for immediate use; are clean, and occupy very Nat. SIZE. little space. They are highly recommended by Drs. Leconte and Horn, and Messrs. Hy. Edwards, E. T. Cresson, and E. M. Aaron. Price per hundred, $1.00; postage, 10 cents. ENTOMOLOGICAL FoRCEPS.—Designed more particularly for Lepidoptera, but useful for all orders. Price, nickel-plated, $2.50. Sent by mail, on receipt of price. BLAKE & Co., 55 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia. =o —— HALF SIZE. eee ellelealy:, Devoted ixclusively to Lepidoptera, Edited by Eugene M. ie, | Philadelphia, February, 1884. ae 4. Lock Box 2500. 2 THE LEPIDOPTEROUS GENUS DATANA. By HENRY EDWARDS. (Read before the Linnean Society of New York, December, 1883.) It is my purpose this evening briefly to call the attention of the so- ciety to a genus of moths well known to entomologists and collectors, the habits of which, however, as far as a close study of the various species is concerned, appear to be but little understood. All persons accustomed to notice the objects of nature are familiar with the cater- pillars of these moths, which are found in spring and summer in large numbers upon the terminal branches of our oak, hickory and walnut trees. They are generally bunched together in a somewhat compact mass, and on being disturbed throw themselves around in a singular and somewhat ludicrous manner, jerking their extremities from side to side, and bending the body so that the head and anal extremities meet over the back. They are mostly blackish or brown in color, with stripes of yellow or white, variously disposed in the different species. The destruction they cause is terrible, it being by no means an uncom- mon occurrence to see whole trees denuded of their foliage by the at- tacks of these pernicious caterpillars. I have found as many as 130 individuals in one of their bunch-like masses, while others were scat- tered over various portions of the tree. The depredations they com- mit are therefore readily understood. It may be said that on the young larvee being hatched from a bundle of smooth, shining, whitish eggs, which are laid by the parent generally on the under side of a twig or stem, they commence their work of destruction by devouring only the softer parts and the lower side of the leaf, gradually, however, con- suming all except the stem. When fully fed they descend the tree in- dependently of each other, enter the ground, and transform to a smooth pitchy brown chrysalis, not enclosed, as a rule, in a cocoon, though it would appear that the insect if not quite deep enough in the soil has the power to protect itself from the inclemencies and changes of tem- 24 perature by spinning a thin web. There is only one brood, the insect passing the winter in the chrysalis state, and emerging as a perfect moth in July and August. The imagines have the wings of various shades of chestnut or chocolate brown, with a general resemblance as regards their pattern and system of markings, viz. : four or five trans- verse lines of a darker shade than the ground color, one or two discal dots and a square, oblong, or triangular mark of the same shade upon the disc of the thorax. Common though the caterpillars are, the per- fect insect is very rarely met with, and it is only by raising them in confinement in large numbers that the species can be obtained for the cabinet, or for purposes of closer study. My friend Mr. S. L. Elliot, of this city, has been for the past three years devoting a large portion of his time to the breeding of these insects, and it is to his labor and observation that I am largely indebted for the substance of this paper. The genus Datana is of rather wide distribution, occurring as far north as Creda. southward to Texas, and west as far as the borders of Nebraska. It appears, however, to thin out as we get towards our northern boundary, and is by no means abundant in Peas two species only as yet having been reported from that State, while it certainly does not occur west of the Rocky Mountains. At the time of the dis- tinguished entomologist, Thaddeus Harris, whose work on the *‘ Inju- rious Insects of Massachusetts’’ was published in 1852, only one species was described, but Harris says, ‘‘I have seen on re oak, the birch, the black walnut and the hickory trees, swarms of caterpillars slightly differing from those described, but their postures and habits appeared to be the same. Whether they were all different species, or only varie- ties of the well-known species arising from difference of food, I have not been able to ascertain.’’ The doubt which naturally arose in Harris’ mind is now, through the careful investigations of Mr. Elhot and others, set at rest, and no less than eleven species totally distinct from each other, and bearing unmistakable characters peculiar to themselves, are now known to us. Four of these were described by Grote and Rob- inson about thirteen years since; one by Walker, one by Drury, and one by Graef. The remainder are new species, and are at present un- described. One of these new species I desire to bring before you this evening. J am quite aware that there are many entomologists who will maintain that these varied forms are what, for the want of a better term, they are pleased to call ‘‘ varieties,’’ and the statement that these slight differences are due to the food- plant, or to some climatic or other circumstances, will by no means surprise me. But such objections fall to the ground in the light of Mr. Elliot’s experiments, the caterpillars being changed from one food-plant to another, losing none of their characters, but producing from generation to generation the same iden- tical form. And I maintain that however closely allied two or more species may be, if they possess characters peculiar to themselves, which bo mn characters are produced and reproduced through successive broods without change, the same thing always producing its progeny exactly similar to itself, it is entitled to rank as a species, and not as a variety having a tendency to return to its parent stock. I say here nothing as to the origin of these forms. It is possible, nay more, it is almost certain that they all sprang from one form, but by the law of develop- ment they have now become, to all purposes necessary for us, as per- manent and fixed as any other species can be, and as such they must in future be investigated. It would be tedious for me to enter upon a minute description of the species of this genus, but I have brought together for your examination the larvae and perfect insects of many of them, so that you may for yourselves remark their peculiarities, and observe their differences. At the same time I wish to append to this paper a description of the larval and imago stages of one of the new species of which I have spoken, which I have called Datana Drexeliiz, in honor of Mr. Joseph Drexel, of this city, who has done, and is doing much to foster a love for the study of Entomology amongst us. I may here also state that a complete monograph of the group, with colored figures of the species in all their stages, is now in the course of pro- duction by Mr. Elliot and myself, which will, I trust, clear up a good many of the difficulties now surrounding these insects. Such a work naturally must occupy a considerable time, but I trust it will not be delayed longer than the close of the next summer. Datana Drexelii, n. sp.—Larva, fullgrown. Head almost globose, jet black, shining, with deep frontal sinus, slightly roughened about the posterior edges. Second segment wholly golden yellow. Body black, with four distinct, equidistant stripes of citron yellow, the space between the two dorsal lines being a little the widest. hese lines all become conjoined, and form a yellow blotch of irregular form at the posterior extremity. A citron yellow line runs along the base of the feet and legs, which is broken at the place of their junction. The anal segment is jet black, with two protracted points. It is very shining, like the head, the rest of the body being dull. The spiracles are dull orange, as are also the swollen bases of the abdominal legs and thoracic feet, Beneath there is a rather broad and distinct yellow median stripe. The hairs are long, few to each segment, dull white, most numerous on the lateral region. Food-plant, high-bush huckleberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum). Length 1.80 inch. ImaGo.—Very like that of D. A/inistra, but differing in the following particulars: the primaries of Drexeli have zzvariably five transverse lines, and two darker spots on the disc, while in AZnistra only four lines and a single spot are to be distinguished. The color is slightly yellower brown, and the thoracic patch always paler than. in AZznzstra, while its edges are more oblique, and not constricted, as in the older 26 species. This latter character is very conspicuous in the females. The posterior spot on the disc of Drexeld always rests ov the second trans- verse line, while the corresponding mark in J&@n7stra is placed between the first and second line, or in the field of paler color enclosed by these two lines. The tip of the abdomen, too, is usually darker in Drexeliz than in JZnzstra. It must, however, be admitted that it is difficult to define their separate characters in words, but when a large number of specimens are placed side by side, they are apparent to every observer. In the pupa stage there is little difference, but the pupa of Drexeliz is always a little larger than that of J/nzstra, and the spines of the cremaster are decidedly longer. O EUDAMUS TITYRUS, Fabr., AND ITS VARIETIES. By EUGENE M. AARON. PapiLio Trryrus, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 532, No. 382 (1775). Thymele Tityrus, Kirby, Cat. Diur. Lep., p. 571, No. 39 (1871). Papilio Clarus, Cram., Pap. Exot. I, pl. 41, E. F. (1776) Var.—Ludamus Tmolis, Burm., Rev. Zool., p. 33 (1875). Thymele Tmolis, Kirby, Cat. Diur. Lep. p. 816, No. 54 (1877). Var.—Proteides Zestos, Htibn.,* Zutrage, 4th 100, p. 9, figs. 615, 616 (1832). Telegonus Zestos, Kirby, Cat. Diur. Lep., p. 574, No. 29 (1871). Eudamus Oberon, Worthington, Papiiio, Vol. I, p. 132 (1881). The large and interesting Hesperid, Protezdes Zestos, Hubn.,* seems to have been entirely overlooked by students of the North America fauna until redescribed by Mr. Worthington under the name of Oderon. It has, however, been in the possession of collectors, as from Florida, for many years. I have in my collection a specimen from the collec- tion of the late Dr. Asa Fitch, which is labelled ‘‘ Florida, Sept. ’53,”’ and the American Entomological Society possesses three specimens, one of which was presented by the late James Ridings prior to 1870. I have also received this form from Yucatan; Samana Bay, San Do- mingo; Nassau, Bahama Islands; Matanzas, Cuba; and Sanford, Florida. Mr. Worthington describes it from Marco Island, Florida; and Hiibner, and Kirby following him, from Surinam. | Strangely enough Dr. Gundlach fails to mention this in his Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Island of Cuba (Paprito, Vol. I, p. 111, 1881); nor does he mention any species that he could have confused with it. Hiibner’s description is sufficiently full to identify this species, and his figures of it, as is usually the case with his figures, all that could be * | feel some doubt as to the propriety of accrediting this form to Hubner, as it is figured in the 4th hundred of the Zutrage, which was published by Carl Geyer in 1832, six years after Hubner’s death. The reference in Kirby’s Catalogue is erroneous. 27 desired. Worthington’s description agrees in every particular with Hiibner’s, and a specimen of Oderon, kindly given me by Mr. H. Ed- wards, is an exact counterpart of Hubner’s figure, both above and below, so that there can be no doubt that they are identical. Having settled the fact that Zesfos is entitled to be catalogued among our North American Rhopalocera, and that it is undoubtedly the same as Oberon, the question of its specific worth at once presents itself. Mr. Worthington has pointed out its striking resemblance to Hudamus Tityrus, Fabr., but has mentioned the following differences as entitling it to recognition as a good species: ‘‘ the yellow spots are less confluent and more opaque, the general color deeper and fringes not divided by brown on the veins; beneath, it differs conspicuously in the more uni- form color, the purplish cast and entire absence of the large silver spot so prominent in its ally.’’ Before attempting to show that these char- acters are not of specific value, but on the contrary belong to a rather inconstant varietal form, I would state that my conclusions have been reached with over 160 specimens of Zztyrus and Zestos before me. When compared with specimens of 77fyvus from the northern portion of the United States and from Canada the yellow spots of Zesfos are ‘less confluent and more opaque;’’ but when compared with speci- mens from Arizona, Yucatan, Florida, or even North Carolina and Tennessee, it at once becomes evident that these differences no longer exist. I have before me eight specimens of 77¢yvzs collected in Arizona by Mr. H. K. Morrison in 1882 and 1883. All of these without a sin- gle exception have the yellow spots considerably less confluent than in Zestos, and three of them, together with specimens from Tennessee, Florida and Yucatan, have the spots somewhat more opaque, the two larger ones being a deep orange in place of honey-yellow, as is usually the case in 77tyrus. Compared with bred and fresh specimens of 7Z2tyrus the ‘‘ general color’ of Zestos is undoubtedly ‘‘deeper,’’ but as starving the larve will frequently produce this condition, and sudden changes in the tem- perature always do so, it cannot be used even as a character for varietal differences, much less for specific. Unfortunately many of my speci- mens of Zestos are far from being bright and perfect ones, and there- fore I cannot so readily compare the fringes, which certainly seem to be, with one or two exceptions, unicolorous, and not alternately brown and ashy as is usual in 77tyvws. However, I find among my Arizona and Tennessee specimens of 7%/yrus three that closely approach Zestos in this respect ; and among my specimens of Zeszos one that is nearly as bicolorous as typical 7z¢yrus, and fully as much so as those from Arizona. From these comparisons it will be seen that the upper side affords no constant differences, and that consequently it is beneath, that we must look for those characters which should be considered specific. In ce 28 Tityrus, as usually found in the Northern and Eastern parts of North America, there is along the outer margins of both wings, beneath, a broad shade of pruinose atoms extending on the primaries from the apex nearly to the inner angle, and on the secondaries from the costal edge two-thirds of the way to anal lobe. This character is almost wanting in Zesfos, but is in all specimens under my notice, faintly in- dicated by a reflection which is undoubtedly caused by a slight sprink- ling of the same atoms observed in 77¢yvas, so that ‘‘the more uniform color’’ in Zestos is only caused by a partial absence of these atoms and not by the entire absence of any positive character constant to 77tyrus. The uselessness of this character is all the more manifest when Zesfos is compared with certain specimens of 77tyras from Arizona, Tennes- see and Philadelphia, in my possession. Two of these, from Arizona and already alluded to, have all the characters of Zesfos mentioned by Mr. Worthington, except the absence of the silvery spot on under side of secondaries. Those from Tennessee (two) and from Philadelphia (five) were all bred on Locust (Roéznza), and the Philadelphia speci- mens were starved so severely that they were the only survivors of thirteen larvae. These nine aberrant specimens of 77¢yrus approach much nearer to Zestos in their uniform coloring beneath than to typical Tityrus, from which, as already observed, they also differ in the lack of confluence, and the opaqueness of the yellow spots on the primaries. Together with these characteristics of Zestos, these and other speci- mens of 7%tyrus have also ‘‘the purplish cast’? mentioned as another peculiarity of the former. This, moreover, is frequently observed in freshly-bred specimens of 77?¢yrus, especially those from the Southern States, and in one specimen before me is also quite decided on the apex of the primaries above. The ‘‘entire absence of the large silver spot so prominent in its ally”’ ( Tityrus) is now the only character left us whereby we may with cer- tainty distinguish Zestos from 77tyrus, and it remains to be seen whether even this seemingly marked peculiarity is sufficient to warrant their separation specifically. In the summer of 1882 I had, among other species of Hesperid larve, about fifty larvee of 774yrus feeding on Robinia. Through carelessness thirteen of these, which were in a compartment of my breeding-cage alone, were overlooked, and no food was furnished them for three days. When discovered two of them had succumbed, several others bid fair to follow their example, and all were much shriveled and reduced in size. This seemed to afford such an excellent opportunity for the observance of the effects of starvation on larve, that I continued this neglectful treat- ment as rigorously as possible until all but seven were dead. Of these seven, one had not sufficient strength to spinits pupa-case, and another died when almost entirely transformed to the pupa state. Of the five remaining ones three emerged on August 4th, another on the 6th, and 29 the last during my absence from home on the oth or toth; this latter specimen was unable to fully expand, and was aborted on one secon- dary wing. In all five of these specimens the silver spot is much re- stricted, and in two examples is divided by the ground color of the wings about two-thirds of the way from the lower end, leaving much the largest portion towards the anal angle. In another specimen the silver is confined to a narrow streak slightly broken in two places. This latter specimen is closely allied to one in my collection received from Mr. Herman Strecker, and labeled ‘‘ Audamus Tmolis, Buenos Ayres’ (see Kirby’s Catalogue, p. 816, No. 54). These specimens make an excellent ‘‘ missing link’’ between 77¢yrus and Zestos. Above they have the confluent and less opaque yellow spots of 77z/yvus, and the almost unicolorous fringes of Zesfos; beneath they have pruinose atoms as in 77fyrus, and the purplish reflections of Zesfos; the speci- men from Buenos Ayres ( 7yo/’s) has the silver spot a mere streak, much less than half the area of that of typical 774vvws, and the one from Philadelphia has it but slightly more than half that of 77tyrus. In both of these specimens, and in another of the starved ones, the restricted silver patch is bordered, largely on the outer side, by a dense sprinkling of scales slightly lighter than the ground color. This has its counterpart in Zestos, where there is, to quote Mr. Worthington, ‘‘a faintly indicated paler median band extending two-thirds across the wings.” In several specimens of Zeszos this median band has exactly the gen- eral outline of the silver spot of typical 77#yrws, broad centrally, ob- tuse below, produced more narrowly above, dentate towards outer mar- gin, deeply emarginate within. Another specimen of 7ztyrus before me, labeled ‘‘ Upper Amazons,”’ is differentiated from typical 77tyras in an exactly reverse manner from Zesfos. This specimen has the silver area extended, by a dense clouding of silver atoms, to the margin, so that the whole outer half of the wing, except that portion immediately over the anal projection, is overcast with a silvery shade. Neverthe- less the outline of the typical patch is indicated, and conforms most nearly to specimens of 7?fyvus from Yucatan. From the above facts, and bearing in mind the strong tendency to vary found among their congeners, I am convinced that Zes¢os should be catalogued hereafter as a variety of 77tyrus. Having seen how starvation for but a few days towards the close of their larval period will change 7%#yrus, and cause them to approach Zestos in every particular, it is easy for us to imagine 77tyrus larvee constantly under just such conditions as will account for Zesfos as one of the broods of the former. My correspondent in Yucatan has on several occasions complained to me of the excessive drouth which dried up the grasses, ete., on which the Hesperid larvae fed, and which con- sequently made it very difficult for him to obtain them during that 30 period, and rendered them exceedingly scarce thereafter. 7 ztvrus in its more southern limits feeds largely on one or more species of wild bean, which is commonly found in marshes and along small streams, and which is very sensitive to dry weather. It is very evident that if constantly compelled to subsist on an insufficient diet both in quantity and quality (lacking moisture), 7%tyvws would soon develop, in the brood so subjected, a strong tendency toward the Zestos form; and as this is exactly what any brood of larvee attempting to feed during the dry season in the tropics must be subjected to, it seems entirely natural to find that form not uncommon there. Therefore, until further light is thrown upon the subject, I shall cata- logue the species as at the beginning of this paper. I have dwelt upon this subject much more fully than I should have done had I not considered it a typical case of the unfortunate work that has been done on the Hesferide. In this case, as in scores of others, characters that are found, on examination of a large series of speci- mens, to be inconstant, and which, however constant they might have been, were unworthy of specific distinction, have been employed in a manner that can only prove unfortunate for the authors using them, and for the science so abused. Mr. Worthington’s mistake in supposing his Oderon to be a new species was quite natural, and a mistake that any one who described with limited material from only one locality would be likely to make, especially as he probably had not access to Hubner’s Sammlung. But what reason Mr. W. F. Kirby can give for placing these forms, so nearly devoid of constant colorational characters, in different genera of his catalogue, using 7hymele for Tityrus, and Telegonus for Zestos, when their structural, or generic characteristics are identical throughout, is beyond our powers of conjecture. Their being so placed, however, accomplishes good, inasmuch as it calls attention to the utter worthlessness of these genera as at present separated by cataloguers. O NOTES UPON COLIAS CHRISTINA Edw., and C. ASTRAEA Edw. By W. H. EDWARDS. _C. Christina was described, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1863, from 4 ¢ 1 2 received from Mrs. Christina Ross, and taken at the Portage of Slave River, about Lat. 60°. So far as I know, these examples were the only representatives of the species in collections until 1883. The male was yellow, with a large deep orange patch on the disk of each wing; the borders broad, black, and like those of Zurytheme,; the under surface of fore wings yellow, of hind wings covered uniformly with fine black scales; the discal spot of same wing small, white, in a red- brown circlet, about which were scales of same color; no patch at outer angle; no sub-marginal spots in three of the examples, but traces of such spots in the fourth. On the Plate, in But. N. A. Vol I., this fourth male is represented with three points in the three lower interspaces on fore wing, and three in the middle of hind wing. The female was wholly pale yellow, without any border; under side thickly dusted, the discal spot as in the male; no patch at outer angle; no sub-marginal spots. C. Astrza was described Trans. A. E. Soc., 1872, from a single male taken in Yellowstone region by the Hayden Expedition. Upper side pale ochraceous, a little orange-tinted on disk of hind wing; border pale black, of medium width. Under side of fore wing yellow, of hind wing so thickly covered with blackish scales as to conceal the whole surface; the discal spot of hind wing small, white, without a ring, and like that of Alexandra; no patch at outer angle, no sub-marginal spots. Subsequently I received another male, from Yellowstone, agreeing in all these points with the type. So far as I remember, this comprises all that was known of Astrea up to 1883. In the summer of 1883, Mr. Wm. M. Courtis, M. E., then at Judith Mts., Montana, sent me four males, 4sfx@a. The specimens before received had been much rubbed, and were old and faded before cap- ture. The Mt. Judith males were in fair condition, and the peculiar ochraceous shade was deeper than in the type. This color occupies the same parts of both wings as does the deep orange in Christina. But one of these four showed the entire wing covered with ochraceous, except just at base, where yellow prevailed. The type Astrea had the discal spot of under hind wing small, white, with no edging. These Judith males all differed from the type here, having a few roseate scales around the white spot, or else a mere thread of roseate. All were im- maculate and thickly dusted. With these males came one other which approached Christina, but the orange was rather a decided tint than a solid color. There came also two males, E, of deep lemon yellow, with orange-ochraceous on the disks of fore wings only, restricted to the median interspaces, which it filled to the marginal borders. Both had the discal spots as in the first mentioned, were thickly dusted and im- maculate. No yellow females came from Mt. Judith, but there were two white females, and these at the time much puzzled me, as it did not occur to me that they must be albino Astr@a. These are greenish white; one with a faint broad border reaching quite to inner angle of fore wing, with interior light patches; the other with a slight border on upper half of wing only. Beneath, both are thickly dusted; are without patches at outer angle, and without sub-marginal spots; the discal spot of one is 32 white in narrow edge of roseate, the other white in ring of red-brown. Captain Gamble Geddes sent me for inspection a large number of examples of Colias taken by him in 1883, in the N. W. Territories of British America. Among them were many male Christina, typi- cal form. Others shading from deep orange to pale, and into ochra- ceous. There were also several forms of yellow female, including the immaculate one originally described and figured; also many white females, some of which were precisely like the albinos from Mt. Judith. After a brief and hurried inspection these insects were returned, and I am not able to speak of them now except in a general way. But I have lately received from Captain Geddes for my own collection four typical males, Christina; one male (E*) like E of Mt. Judith lot, that is, with pale orange on disk of fore wings only, the rest being yellow; and one ochraceous male, close to the typical A4sév@a. Of the four orange ex- amples, two have the under side greenish yellow, as originally described for this species; both have a slight red-brown ring about the white discal spot; one has a small red-brown patch at outer angle (the only instance known to me where that mark has appeared in this species), otherwise immaculate. The other two examples have the under side deep yellow; in one of these the discal spot is in roseate edging, with red-brown scales interior to that; otherwise immaculate; the other has roseate edging only, and is immaculate, except that a few black scales in the sub-median interspace of fore wing gives a suggestion of an ob- solete row of sub-marginal spots. The pale male, E’, is yellow beneath, immaculate, dusted; the discal spot duplex, each part white with rosy edge, and slight outer ring of red-brown. The sixth male, like Astryga, has also a duplex spot, and traces of the three lower spots of sub-marginal row on fore wing, other- wise immaculate, dusted. The three yellow females differ from each other; No. 1 is like type Christina 9, figured in the Plate; no marginal borders; immaculate beneath, densely dusted; discal spot duplex, the larger part white with some rosy scales amongst the white, a thin rosy edge, and red-brown outer ring. No. 2 is color of No. 1, but with the faintest shade of orange in median interspaces of fore wing; a few black scales about apex and down hind margin suggest a border; under side densely dusted, immaculate; discal spot white in thin rosy edging. No. 3 has decided but pale orange on both wings; and a decided pale black border, with a whitish space in middle instead of a series of spots. Under side im- maculate, dusted thickly; discal spot duplex, each part in slight rosy edging. Of the three white females, No. 1 is like yellow No. 2 except in color, and the white has a faint yellow tint; under side immaculate, dusted; discal spot white in slight red-brown edging. Nos. 2 and 3 are greenish white, with pale broad border entirely across wing; one o>) ww has light patches inside this border, the other has none; beneath im- maculate, densely dusted; the discal spots small, one in rosy edging, the other in red-brown. At this present writing I have also before me four yellow females, and six white ones, of Captain Geddes’ collecting, but belonging to Mr. Neumoegen. Of these yellow ones, none are uniform in color, like the type; No. 1 hasa flush of orange; 2 and 3, more orange; 4 decided orange on both disks. One has traces of sub-marginal series of spots, to wit, a few scales in three lower interspaces on fore wings; otherwise all are immaculate; all are thickly dusted; and the borders of upper side vary from a few scales at apex and along margin to a well defined broad border, with interior light patches; discal spots just as before described. Of the six white females, two have slight borders, mere traces of the inner and outer edges of a border; one has the half of border on mar- gin distinct; the other three have full width borders, with interior whitish spots; one of these has also a border to hind wings, made up of separated patches lying at the ends of the nervules. No other female, white or yellow, has shown a border to hind wing. Beneath, all are heavily dusted; one has two little clusters of scales on fore wings on lower two interspaces, otherwise all are immaculate; the discal spots of all small, white, in either roseate or red-brown edging. After seeing this material from localities widely separated, from Mon- tana, and British America as far north as Lat. 60°, I am of the opin- ion that all the examples are members of one species, to wit, Chvzstina. The type male has deep orange disks. As¢r@a is a well marked form or variety; the disks orange-ochraceous, and one style of color grades into the other. One of the Montana examples approached Christina in coloring, but the usual Montana type appears to be not orange, but ochraceous. All the males from the far North were deep orange. So also were most of the males taken by Captain Geddes (about Lat. 50°, along Can. Pac. R. R.), but a few showed a change towards the Astrea type. It is probable that in Lat. 60° there is but a single brood of the butterfly, and if that is the case, Christina is the winter form. Ifin Montana there are two broods, Astr@a may be the second brood, the species being seasonally dimorphic. But it seems to me more probable that the case is like that of Satyrus Nephele, there being a Northern form and a Southern form, and between the areas occupied by the two, a belt of dimorphism. Nephele passes into this belt, and on the other side of it emerges A/ofe (or the reverse takes place), as I have clearly shown in But. N. A., Vol. I]. So Christina may rep- resent its species in the far North, Astrea in the Southern area, while between the two is a belt in which both are found. The species passing through this belt loses one form and emerges under the other. The case of Occidentalis and Chrysomelas is perhaps one of the same nature. 34 Of the females, there are several distinct types; the pure yellow, immaculate; the yellow with more or less of a marginal border; the pale orange with medium border; the decided orange with heavy border; and there are intergrades between these. In addition to these are the white females, which seem to constitute a very high percentage of the whole, perhaps fifty per cent., a remarkable number as compared with Lurytheme or Philodice, for instance, where the albinos probably do not constitute one per cent. I have seen no white female absolutely without traces of a border, but the traces are sometimes very slight, and there are grades just as among the yellow females up to a heavy border, and even a border on hind wing, which is unusual. As a rule, the discal spot of fore wing is black, but if there is a clear space within the black spot, in the orange examples, this is orange; the spot of upper hind wing is usually orange, but sometimes ochraceous, the latter color perhaps always in albinos. The under side is always densely dusted, often so as to conceal the color of the hind wing. The discal spot of this wing is white, but occasionally a few rosy scales are mingled with the white ones; and either there is no edging at all, or there is a slight edge of roseate or of red-brown. One instance only has been noted of a patch at outer angle; and one only of distinct sub- marginal spots on hind wing. This is the male figured on the Plate, and the spots are seen to be very small, and limited to middle of the wing. On the fore wing never more than three small spots have been noticed, and these are in the lower three interspaces. Some examples have traces of one or two spots, always in the lower interspaces. Both these spots and the patch are exceptional, and are caused by reversion. That is, the original of this and many of our species had a patch at outer angle, and a series of sub-marginal spots on both wings, such as is seen in all the members of the Eurytheme sub-group to-day. Chris- dina lies between that sub-group and the one which contains Alexandra, the type Astrea & approaching Alexandra. O CAPITALIZING SPECIFIC NAMES. By W. H. EDWARDS. Lepidopterists have followed quite strictly the rules of Zoological Nomenclature adopted by the British Association, 1842, and amended by Section D, 1865, even where to many of them a further modifica- tion in certain points has seemed desirable. At the meeting of the Association, 1865, a report of a new Committee appointed 1863 was submitted and adopted by Section D. Moved by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys, seconded by Dr. Sclater, ‘‘ That the report now read be approved and adopted by the Section, and that the rules or propositions, as thereby altered and amended be printed in the Report of the British Associa- tion and recommended for the general use of zoologists.”’ The proposition, VI, reads thus: ‘‘ The recommendation ‘ Specific names to be written with a small initial.’ The committee propose that this recommendation should be omitted. It is not of great importance, and may be safely left to naturalists to deal with as they think fit.”’ This sufficiently disposes of the whole matter. The ‘‘ tendencies’’ which Professor Riley speaks of, PapiLio III, 165, have nothing to do with the proprieties in the case. I see there is a little bit of a “‘ ten- dency”’ already to print the genus names with small initials. Ten years hence this fashion may find followers. O NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CATOCALA. By JAMES ANGUS. In the Check List of Macro-Lepidoptera, published by the Brooklyn Entomological Society, some changes have been made in the specific character and relations of the Ca/ocale which, in my humble judgment, I think had better not have been made without the clearest and most undoubted proof that such changes are called for. In the mysterious life history of the Catoca/@ in their pre-imago stages, too little is yet known to warrant us in determining as facts what we know only from mere inference. The future may develop facts to necessitate many, even radical changes, but till then we ought to proceed with caution, or the last error may be worse than the first. In the list referred to, Angus? and Residua are classed as varieties of Jnsolabilis. 1 hope I shall be pardoned for briefly giving my rea- sons for dissenting from this conclusion. It may be considered rather indelicate in me to volunteer to be the advocate of the merits of a spe- cies named after myself, but the name is of litthke moment, and would not, in a scientific point of view, weigh a feather in my judgment. In some respects /zsolabilis and Angus? are somewhat similar, but in others of material importance there is little or no affinity. Insolabilis is one of the most invariable and easily recognized of our black under- winged species. The beautiful silvery irroration covering the bluish gray ground-work of primaries, a constant and peculiar feature, is lacking in Angus. The dark shading on the inner margin of the pri- maries of the former we never find in the latter, but as /so/abilis is so well known I need not speak of it further. There are three distinct forms of Azgzsz, all of which are more or less incorporated in Mr. Grote’s description. All three forms were before him at the time, and the differences noticed; but for convenience 36 I will take the liberty of giving each a designation by which they may be recognized. The three forms may be distinguished as Angusi, An- gust (a), Angusi (b), Grote. The first is the normal form, the fore wings of which have none of the black shading of the others. Angwsz (a) has a narrow, dense basal shade in the direction of, and just reaching the sub-reniform. An- gust (b) is the most remarkable; the black shade, which occupies but a small space on the wing of the preceding, is in this enlarged to nearly one-third the surface of the wing; it commences with a sharp point at the base, and gradually enlarges, until it reaches the reniform and sub- reniform, both of which it incloses in its track. The reniform, how- ever, is never obliterated, but with its lighter color shows conspicuously through the dark cloud. There is here, however, sometimes a partial or complete interruption, but not in the strongest marked examples. These three forms of Angusz I have raised in considerable numbers, and in about equal proportions. I have also captured many of the imago. They are generally to be found under the loose scales of the hickory bark, and, like some other allied forms, they are not easily started. Repeated raps with a rod are sometimes necessary to move them from their lair. While I can see no reason whatever for confounding Angasz with J/nsolabilis, 1 am even still more surprised that Reszdza should have been brought into the same relation. In Anxgasz there is some resem- blance to /vso/aéilis, but in no-particular can this be said of Reszdua, unless it is in the blackish fringe of secondaries, in which there is a partial, but not an exact, resemblance. Had the reference been made to Odscura 1 would not have been surprised, and would have hesitated to offer a protest, but the fringe I suppose acted as an obstacle in the way. In /rsolabilis the fringe is always black, and in Angus? gen- erally so, but I have in my collection an Angas? (b), the fringe of which is as white as any Odscura I have ever seen. Restdwa and Odscura are quite variable in the color of the fringe; some of the latter are as dusky as the general run of the former. Were it not for the dusky suffusion of primaries and generally darker fringe of secondaries, Restduwa could not be distinguished from Oéscura. They are, with these slight excep- tions, so much alike I would not be surprised if they should yet prove to be the same species, but I would not like to jump to this conclusion without good and sufficient proof established by breeding or otherwise. Hundreds of Odscuva have passed through my hands; I am also familiar with their habits, and from my own personal knowledge I have no hesitation in saying that it and .Szmz/atz/is are identically the same; the latter was described from the largest, and the former from the smallest examples; there is really no other difference. I might here say that I have a very singular Oédscura in my collec- tion raised from the larva. It is of a brownish or smoky color; head and collar very deep brown; but the greatest peculiarity is in the an- terior and posterior lines which are not separate, but united on the edge of the costa, and again before reaching the inner margin, or on the sub-median nerve. The generally prominent teeth are entirely want- ing, and the indentations are scarcely noticeable. The united lines are heavy and irregular, and remind one of the outline of an island on a map. By a sudden sweep of the transverse posterior portion of the line—for they are but one—between the reniform and sub-reniform and around the lower edge of the latter, that part is left entirely out of the inclosure. The insect is fully developed and perfect in every par- ticular. I think it was also a mistake to degrade two such beautiful species as Whitneyt, Dodge, and Adbéreviatella, Grote, by classing them as varie- ties of Nuptialis, Walk. The two former may yet prove to be identi- cal with each other. Of this, however, I am doubtful, but they cer- tainly have no specific affinity with Mwptialis; the size, form and color are in no way alike. Adédreviatella and Whitney? are certainly very closely allied to each other, and yet in some particulars they are quite different. Take, for instance, the marginal band of secondaries. In the eleven examples of Adéreviatella in my collection, in ten of them the band is interrupted before reaching the anal angle, forming here a round or oval spot; the eleventh one is almost interrupted. In the thirteen examples of WAztney7 I have, not one of them is interrupted; but instead of going into further detail on the relative merits of these two beautiful species I will take the liberty of quoting Mr. G. M. Dodge’s opinion from a letter lately received. He says, ‘‘I see there is a disposition on the part of some to regard Addbreviatella and What- neyi as varieties of Nuptialis. 1 have collected large numbers of the two former, and judge, from my observations, that they are distinct. In Bureau County, IIl., I found only Whitney. Here all are found, but Whitney? is far the most abundant, and Muptialis rare. Abbrevia- fella appears a little earlier than Whztney2, and the latter can be found in good condition long after the others have disappeared. If the three were identical there ought to be some intergrades, but I have never met with any that were not distinctly one form or the other.’’ In Texas Nuptialis is common, and Whitney?i unknown. I think the late Mr. J. Boll informed me that he had never taken either MWh2tney7 or Abbreviatella. 38 MONOGRAPHS OF N. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. The growing interest in Entomology, and especially in the study and collection of the Lepidoptera, seems to indicate that a ready means of reference to certain groups which may be chosen for examination, is among the greatest needs of the science to-day. To endeavor to sup- ply this want in the most practical manner, the undersigned have for three years past gathered material, and solicited aid from some of the most eminent entomologists of this and other countries, and with the promise of pecuniary assistance from influential gentlemen in New York, are enabled to announce that they will shortly prepare for publication the monographs hereafter mentioned. These will be issued as rapidly as possible, the editors only pledging themselves to lose little time in placing the various numbers before the entomological public. The price charged for each will be a very small amount above the actual cost, the object being to bring the series within the reach of all who are interested in this branch of Natural History. Though occasionally dealing with insects of other countries, in the case of homogeneous genera, it will be the object of the projectors to pay the greatest atten- tion to the species of the United States, and it is confidently asserted that with a fair amount of patronage, they will present to the ento- mologists of America one of the most valuable works ever offered to the scientific world. The species of every group treated of will be figured in detail, and as far as known, the earlier stages will be given. The illustrations in colors will be ample and complete, and peculiarities of the structure will always be given in the most careful manner. Though until the present, only privately announced, the scheme now made public has long occupied the attention and thought of the edi- tors, and they have received promises of support and assistance from many distinguished entomologists. Among the monographs already promised are the following: 1. The genus DaTANa, by S. Lowell Elliot and Henry Edwards. No GEOMETRID, described since 1875, by Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr. 3. The genus IcHTHyURA, by Roland Thaxter. 4. The family ASGERIAD&, by Henry Edwards. 5. The CocHLiopop& (Limacodes, etc. ) of the United States, by Henry Edwards. 6. The recently described species of the HESPERID&, by Eugene M. Aaron. The genus ArctTia, by R. H. Stretch. ~I eh) 8. The LYcC&ANIDZ& of the United States, by W. H. Edwards. g. HALisipora and allies, by B. Neumoegen. 10. The genus EUCH&TEs, by Henry Edwards. s