REPORT

OF THE

' iNADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION

1913-18

VOLUME VIII: MOLLUSKS, ECHINODERMS,
COELENTERATES, ETC.

PART A:
ollusks, Recent and Pleistocene . . William Healey Dall

Southern Party, 1913-16

o>

OTTAWA

J. de LABROQUERIE TACHfe
PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1919

Issued September 24, 1919
45508—1

The Mollusca of the Arctic Coast of America collected by
the Canadian Arctic Expedition west from Bathurst
Inlet with an Appended Report on a Collection
of Pleistocene Fossil Mollusca.

By WILLIAM HEALEY DALL, A.M., D.Sc., LL.D.

Honorary Curator of Motlusks, U. S. Nat. Museum.

(With three plates.)

The collection of Mollusca in the region indicated by the title of this report
is of special interest, since the only collections hitherto made between the
Mackenzie delta and the archipelago to the eastward were due to R. Macfarlane
of the Hudson's Bay Company, factor of the most northern post of the company,
and who, about 1863, made a journey from the head of the delta to the sea and
collected Chrysodomus heros, Astarte borealis, and very thin valves of Mytilus
edulis, in considerable numbers. The fauna to the eastward of the delta has
remained entirely unknown. The great outpour of fresh water from the
Mackenzie might reasonably have proved a barrier which the characteristic
species of the western Arctic ocean might not have been able to pass, and there
was, therefore, a possibility that the eastward fauna would show a considerable
infusion of Greenlandic forms.

It may be observed here that the Bering Strait region and the Polar sea
north of it have a fauna which, when the truly circumpolar species are eliminated,
is markedly distinct from that of the Greenlandic and boreal Atlantic seas.
During the Pliocene the Arctic land was lower, and there was more easy commu-
nication between the two areas, as is made evident by the discovery in each
Pliocene fauna of species now extinct there, but which have survived in the other
area. It is convenient, therefore, to refer to the respective faunas of the two
areas by the denomination Western or Eastern Arctic fauna.

The result of the study of the collection was somewhat unexpected, since
it proved that out of all the species collected east of cape Bathurst only five can
be considered at present as characteristically Eastern Arctic, namely : —

Area glacialis Gray.
Lamellidoris cf. liturata Beck.
Philine finmarchica M. Sars.
Lamellaria gronlandica Moller.
Littorina gronlandica Morch.

The fresh-water and land species are, with the exception of the Physa,
common to most of boreal America and have an entirely different distribution
from the marine forms. They include: —

Succinea chrysis Westerlund.
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.
Physa jennessi, n. sp.
Aplexa hypnorum Linne*.
Lymnaea palustris vahli Beck.
Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say.
Valvata lewisii Currier.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

3 A
45508— 1J

4 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

The northern Lymnaeas are extremely puzzling. I have had a large number,
including a series named by Morch from Beck's types in Copenhagen, with
which to make comparisons and I cannot detect from the shells any specific
differences between the form we have called caperata Say, and the numerous
variations- o"f the Greenland type which have passed under the name of vahli
Beck. I am disposed to regard all of them as boreal mutations of L. palustris
Muller.

The Physa is of unusual interest as the most northern species of the genus,
and the only one so far reported from the Arctic coast as properly restricted.

A small collection was made at Orca, in Prince William sound, containing
nine species which should be left out of consideration in discussing the Arctic
fauna. These, while incorporated in the general list, have not been included
in the present review of the Arctic species.

SUMMARY OF MARINE SPECIES.

Arctic species from the western Arctic area west of the Mackenzie River delta

Arctic species from east of the delta 58

Total 130

Species common to the two areas 30

Actual number of species 100

New marine species <>

The new marine species from east of the Mackenzie delta are: —

Pseudamusium andersoni (PL II, figs. 7 and 8).
Macoma oneilli (PI. II, fig. 1).

Those from west of the delta: —

Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni (PL II, figs. 3 and 4).
Plicifusus johanseni (PI. Ill, fig. 1).
Volutopsius stefanssoni (PI. I, fig. 1).
Margarites ecarinatus (PI. II, figs. 5 and 6).
j

New fresh-water species: —

Physa jennessi (PL II, fig. 1).

It will be noted that only five per cent of the marine species are character-
istically Eastern Atlantic forms, and with more thorough exploration of the
Western Atlantic fauna several of these may prove to be circumpolar species.

Of the forty-two western area species and the twenty-eight eastern area
species which were not collected in both areas by the expedition, none are known
that are not found in some part of the western area. The fact that they were
not collected there by this expedition is purely accidental.

When we examine a map and observe the vast gulf of the Polar sea heading
to the southeast in the passages eastward from cape Bathurst; and on the other
hand observe the narrow, tortuous, and ice-blocked passages which communicate
with the Greenland seas, it requires no further evidence to explain the failure of
the Eastern Arctic fauna to penetrate westward, or the success of the Western
Arctic species in colonizing the ground they occupy.

Those who understand the difficulties which hamper the work of a collector
in these icy seas will feel appropriately grateful to Mr. Johansen and his associates
for these important contributions to our knowledge of the distribution of marine
life in a region so inaccessible to the ordinary collector.

Mollusks 5 A

The portions of the Arctic region which may be reached with relative ease
have been so thoroughly explored for mollusks that little hope is justified for
the discovery of undescribed species. It is therefore gratifying that the work
of the members of the expedition has been what is really unexpectedly successful
in this line.

I have to thank the authorities in Canada, for the care they have taken
to do everything that might lighten my labour in preparing this report, and
the Direction of the United States National Museum for the free use of all
their facilities during its preparation. For the accuracy of the station numbers
Mr. Johansen is solely responsible.

LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED WEST OF THE DELTA OF THE MACKENZIE

RIVER.

Nucula tennis Montagu, 231.

Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray, 23, 27s.

Leda minuta Fabricius, 23.

Leda pernula, 23.

Leda radiata, Krause, 23.

Leda intermedia Sars, 206-c, 2Qd.

Leda collinsoni Dall, 27s.

Yoldia my alis Couthouy, 23.

Yoldia limatula Say, 23 ( + hyperborea Loven.)

Mytilus edulis Linne, 206-c; 20d, 24, 60a, 200.

Musculus Icevigatus Gray, 27s, 281, 24, 23.

Musculus niger Gray, 24.

Crenella aff. rotundata Dall, 27s.

Pandora sp., 27s.

Lyonsia arenosa Moller, 27s, 24.

Astarte borealis Schumacher, 23, 24, 26, 27s, 281, 28t, 54e.

Astarte polaris Dall, 54e.

Astarte alaskensis Dall, 54e.

Cardium calif orniense Deshayes, 206-c; 20d, 200.

Cardium corbis Martyn, 60a.

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius, 23.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin, 2Qd, 23, 24.

Serripes laperousei Deshayes, 22.

Saxidomus giganteus Deshayes, 60a.

Protothaca staminea Conrad, 60a.

Liocyma beckii Dall, 23, 24, 27s.

Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray, 20d, 200.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin, 23, 24.

Macoma incongrua Martens, 20d, 60a.

Macoma inquinata Deshayes, 60a.

Macoma moesta Deshayes, 24.

Macoma balthica Linne, 54e, 20d.

Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby, 206-c, 20d, 200, 24,

Spisula polynyma Stm. var. alaskana Dall, 200, 20m.

My a truncata Linne, 23, 24.

Mya intermedia Dal], 20d, 24.

Saxicava arctica Linne*, 20d, 23, 24, 60a.

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 20d, 26, 27s, 54e.

Zirfcea gabbi Try on, 24.

Coryphella cf. salmonacea Couthouy, 200.

^he numbers refer to the number of the Collecting Station. See page ?A, et sen.

6 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18

Philine cf. sinuata Stimpson, 200.

Cylichna nucleola Reeve, 206-c.

Utriculus semen Reeve, 27s, 206-c.

Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund. Nome, Camden bay.

JSuccinea chrysis Westerlund, tundra at Nome.

Lymncea caperata Say; 28i (this probably = vahli Beck.)

Lymncea stagnalis Linne", var. appressa Say. Mackenzie river delta.

Aplexa hypnorum Linne". Camden bay; Demarcation point; pond on
Herschel island; pond at Collinson point; brackish pond near
Teller, Grantley harbour; port Clarence, Alaska.

Lora trevelliana Turton, 27s.

Admete middendorffiana Ball, 20d.

Admete elongata Leche, 23.

Beringius sp. egg-capsules, 20m.

Chrysodomus sp. egg-capsules, 20m.

Chrysodomus liratus Martyn, 206-c, 20m; 23.

Chrysodomus solutus Herrman, 2Qd; 200; 20m; 24.

Chrysodomus saturus Martyn, 200; 24.

Pticifusus johanseni Ball, 24.

Plicifusus kroyeri Moller, 23.

Volutopsius stefanssoni Ball, 24.

Buccinum sp. egg capsules, 20m, 24.

Buccinum tenue Gray, 22; 23.

Buccinum orotundum Ball, 22.

Buccinum normale Ball, 24.

Buccinum angulosum subcostatum Ball, 24.

Buccinum angulosum Gray, 24.

Buccinum plectrum Stimpson, 24.

Buccinum polar e Gray, 24.

Buccinum cyaneum Hancock, 24, 22.

Buccinum glaciale Phipps, 24.

Thais lamellosa Gmelin, 60a.

Neptunea beringi Ball, 23.

Fusitriton oregonense Redfield, 30d (adventitious).

Boreoscala greenlandica Perry, 23.

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, 54e.

Lacuna divaricata Fabricius, 206-c, 200, 2Qh. .

Littorina grandis Middendorff, 2Qd, 200.

Littorina sitkana Philippi, 60a.

Piliscus commodus Middendorff, 23; 24.

Natica (Cryptonatica) dausa Broderip & Sowerby, 206-c; 2Qd; 200; 24;
54e.

Euspira pallida Broderip & Sowerby, 23; 24; 281

Amauropsis purpurea Ball, 206-c; 20d; 24, 281; 31a; 326.

Velutina zonata Gould, 24.

"Velutina" spongiophila Middendorff, 24. (Hydroid).

Acmoea scutum var. patina Eschscholtz, 60a.

Acmcea pelta Eschscholtz, 60a.

Acmcea emydia Ball, 22.

Margarites sordidus Hancock, 22; 23.

Margarites ecarinatus Ball, 22.

Machceroplax varicosus Mighels, 23.

Amicula vestita Sowerby, 22.

Mollusks 7 A

SPECIES OBTAINED AT EACH STATION WEST OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER.

STATION 206-c.

Grantley harbour, port Clarence, in 2-3 fathoms muddy bottom, near

Teller, Alaska.

Leda intermedia Sars.
Mytilus edulis L.

Macoma inconspicua Brod". & Sby.
Cardium calif orniense Deshayes.
Cylichna nucleola Reeve.
Utriculus semen Reeve.
Chrysodomus liratus Martyn (young).
Lacuna divaricata Fabr.
Natica clausa Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Ball.
Gastropod eggs.

STATION 20d.
Grantley" harbour, port Clarence, near Teller, Alaska. Beach.

Leda intermedia Sars.
Mytilus edulis L.
Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray.
Macoma inconspicua Brod. & Sby.
Macoma incongrua von Martens.
Macoma balthica L. (young).
Cardium calif orniense Deshayes.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Saxicava arctica L.
My a intermedia Ball.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Bunker.
Admete middendorffiana Ball.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman (fragm.).
Littorina grandis Midd.
Natica clausa Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Ball.

STATION 200.

Port Clarence, Bering strait, Alaska, 2-3 fathoms, sandy mud.

Mytilus edulis L., also young, on floating kelp, sta 20/i.

Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray.

Macoma inconspicua Brod. & Sby.

Cardium calif orniense Beshayes.

Spisula poly ny ma (Stm.) var. alaskana Ball.

Coryphella1 cf. salmonacea Couthouy; and ovicapsules.

Philine cf. sinuata Stm.

Littorina grandis Midd.

Chrysodomus solutus Herrman

Chrysodomus saturus Martyn.

Lacuna divaricata Fabr. (Young); also on floating kelp, 20/i.

Natica clausa Brod. & Sby., and nidamental capsules.

'Greyish brown in colour, the gill filaments white-tipped.

8 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

STATION 20ra.
Beach at port Clarence, Alaska.

polynyrna (Strn.) var. alaskana Dull.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman (fragm.).
Chrysodomus*liratus Marty n.
Chrysodomus sp. (egg capsules).
Buccinum sp. (egg capsules).

STATION 22.

Latitude 69° 35' N., longitude 163° 27' W., 11-12 fathoms, rock and s nd
bottom, off cape Lisburne, Alaska.

Seiripes laperousei Deshayes.

Buccinum tenue Gray.

Buccinum orotundum Dall (Young).

Margarites (Pupillaria) sordidus Hancock.

Margarites (Pupillaria) ecarinatus Dall.

Acmcea emydia Dall.

Amicula veslita Sowerby.

STATION 23.

Latitude 70° 24' N., longitude 161° 25' W., off Sea Horse islands, Alaska,
9-10 fathoms, mud with pebbles.

Leda minuta Fabr.

Leda pernula Moller.

Leda radiata Krause.

Leda arctica Gray.

Nucula tennis Mont.

Yoldia myalis Couth.

Yoldia limatula Say.

Musculus laevigatus Gray.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.

Cardium cihatum Fabr.

Astarte borealis Schum.

Liocyma beckii Dall.

Saxicava arctica L.

Mya truncata L. (young).

Admete elongata Leche.

Chrysodomus liratus Martyn.

Plicifusus kroyeri Moller.

Buccinum tenue Gray.

Neptunea beringi Dall.

Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.

Euspira sp., (ovicapsules).

Piliscus commodus (Midd.)

Margarites (Pupillaria) sordidus Hancock.

Machceroplax varicosus Mighels.

Mollusks .9 A

STATION 24.

Sandspit at point Barrow, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Mytilus edulis L.

Musculus niger Gray.

Musculus laevigatus Gray.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmel.

Astarte borealis Schum.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Liocyma beckii Dall.

Saxicava arctica L.

My a truncata L.

Mya truncata var. uddevallensis Forbes.

My a intermedia Dall.

Zirfcea gabbi Try on.

Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.

Chrysodomus saturus Martyn.

Plicifusus johanseni Dall.

Volutopsius stefanssoni Dall.

Buccinum nor male Dall.

Buccinum angulosum (Gray) subcostatum Dall.

Buccinum angulosum Gray (s. s.).

Buccinum plectrum Stm.

Buccinum polar e Gray.

Buccinum cyaneum Hancock.

Buccinum glaciate Phipps.

Boreoscala greenlandica (Perry).

Velutina zonata Gould.

"Velutina" spongiophila Midd. (Hydroid).

Piliscus commodus Midd.

Natica clausa Brod. & Sby.

Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.

Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

Buccinum, Chrysodomus, etc., (ovicapsules) .

STATION 26.

Spy island, Alaskan Arctic Coast, beach.

\

Astarte borealis Schum.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.

STATION 2Si.

Hot Spring creek, Sadlerochit river, inland from Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic

coast.

Lymnea caper ata Say, dwarfed.
45508—2

10 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

STATION 27s.
Off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, 3 fathoms, mud and gravel.

Leda arctica Gray.
Leda collinsoni Dall.
Musculus laevigatus Gray.
Crenella aff. rotundata Dall.
Astarte borealis Schum. (fragm.).
Liocyma beckii Dall.
Pandora sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sp. (fry).
Mya sp. (fry).
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dkr.
Lyonsia arenosa Moller.
Lor a trevelliana Turton, var.
Utriculus semen Reeve.
Euspira sp., (ovicapsules).
Gastropod eggs.

STATION 28/.
Beach at Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Musculus loevigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 28t.

Beach at Flaxman island, Alaskan Arctic eoast.
Astarte borealis Schum.

STATION 30d.

Beach at Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Fusitriton oregonense Redfield (adventitious).

STATION 3 la.

Beach at Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 326.

Sandspit west of Martin Point, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

Mollusks ll A

STATION 54e.
Beach at Pauline cove, Herschel island, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory, Canada.

Macoma balthica L.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Astarte polaris Dall.
Astarte alaskensis Dall.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dkr.
Saxicava arctica Linne.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.
Natica clausa Brod. & Sby. (fragm.).

STATION 60a.
Beach at Orca, Prince William sound, Alaska.

Mytilus edulis L.

Macoma incongrua v. Marts.

Macoma inquinata Desh.

Cardium corbis Martyn.

Saxidomus giganteus Desh.

Protothaca staminea Conrad.

Saxicava arctica L.

Thais lamellosa Gmelin.

Littorina sitkana Philippi.

Acmceea scutum Esch., var. patina Esch.

Acmaa pelta Esch.

Lake at Konganevik, Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Aplexa hypnorum L.

Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.

Lake at Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond on Herschel island, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond at Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Brackish pond near Teller, Grantley harbour, Alaska.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Iglukitaktok, Mackenzie river delta.
Limncea stagnalis L. var. appressa Say.

Tundra, at Nome, Norton sound, Alaska.

Succinea chrysis Westerlund.
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.

Grantley harbour, Alaska; (stomach of Pleuronectes) .

Fragments of Yoldia, Serripes, Leda, and other thin bivalves.
45508—21

12 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18

LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED EAST OF THE DELTA OF THE MA< KK.N/IK
AT ('APE BATHURST AND EASTWARD.

Leda (Portlandia} arctica Gray, 436.

Leda pernula Miiller, 43a, 436.

Area glacialis Gray, 43a, 436.

Pseudamusium andersoni Dall, 43a.

Mytilus edulis Linne", 37i, p. 38, 44/i, 47a, 476, 47c, 50/.

Musculus loevigatus Gray, 35, 37a, 376, 41, 41c, 43a, 436, 43c, 47c.

Musculus niger Gray, 37i, p. 41c, 49r.

Musculus corrugatus Stimpson, 41c, 43a.

Musculus vernicosus Middendorff, 43a.

Lyonsia arenosa Moller, 436.

Astarte borealis, Schumacher, 35, 37i, p. 41c, 43c, 476, 47c, 50/, 53c.

Astarte vernicosa Dall-, 43c, 41c.

Astarte fabula Reeve.

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius, 37i, p, /, 43c.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin, 35, 37t, p, 41, 41c, 47c, 49r, 53c.

Pisidium rotundatum Prime, Freshwater ponds near Bernard harbour:

also in stomachs of eider duck and trout.
Liocyma beckii Dall, 37i, p.
Liocyma viridis Dall, 41c, 43c.
Thyasira flexuosa Forbes and Hanley, 43a.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin, 35, 43, 53c.
Macoma oneilli Dall, 43a, 436.
Mya truncata Linne, 37i, p, 41c, 43c, 47c.
My a intermedia Dall, 43a.

Saxicava arctica Linne, 35, 37a, 37i, p, 43c, 44/i, 50a.
Saxicava pholadis Linne, 37^, 40a.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 35, 376, 37i.
Lamellidoris of. liturata Beck, 436.
Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 41, 43a.
Utriculus semen Reeve, 42u, 4du, (fragm.), 48a.
Cylichna alba Brown, 41c, 42d.
Cylichna nucleola Reeve, 40w, 42d (fragm.), 41.
Aplexa hypnorum Linne. Generally, in fresh water.
Physa jennessi Dall. Ponds east of Bernard harbour.
Agriolimax hy.perboreus Westerlund, Bernard harbour.
Lymncea palustris variety vahli Beck, Victoria island and Bernard

harbour.

Lora exarata Moller, 41c.
Lora beckii Moller, 41c.
Admete couthouyi .Jay, 43a.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman, 37i, p, 47c.
Plicifusus kroyeri Moller, 37t.
Pyrulofusus deformis Gray, 39.
Volutopsius sp. (fragments), 37i, 40a.
Beringius sp. (ovicapsule), 37i, 40a.
Ancistrolepis magnus Dall, 37i, 40a.
Buccinum angulosum Gray, 37i, 41, 43c.
Bucdnum normale Dall, 41.
Buccinum plectrum Stimpson, 37t.
Buccinum polar e Gray, 37i, 43c.
Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius, 37i, 40a.
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere, 37z, 41, 41/i, 43c, 49r.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, 43a, 436, 43c.
Neptunea clathrata L., 43c.

Mollusks 13. A

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby, 37it 4£)a, 41, 41c, 43a, 436,

43c.

Lamellaria gronlandica Moller, 4 If (young).
Euspira pallida Broderip and Sowerby, 486, 37^.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall, 37i, 41/i. :
Littorina rudis variety gronlandica Morch, 44h.
Valvata lewisii Currier, Bernard harbour and Victoria island.
Acmaea emydia Dall, 37i, 37?/, 41c, 43c, 49</.;
Margarites sordidus Hancock, 41, 41c, 42u, 43a.
Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and .Sowerby, 41, 43c.
Margarites helicinus Fabricius, 376, 37a, 40a, 41.
Margarites albulus Gould, 43a.
Margarites harrisoni Hancock, 43a, 490.
Trachydermon albus Linne, 43c.
Tonicella marmorea Fabricius, 43c.

SPECIES COLLECTED AT EACH STATION EAST OF THE MACKENZIE DELTA.

STATION 35.

Beach at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Musculus laevigatus Gray.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.
Saxicava arctica Linne.

STATION 37.
a. Stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait.

Margarites helicinus Fabricius.
Egg capules of unknown gastropods.
Musculus Icevigatus Gray.
Saxicava arctica Linne*.

6. Two to three fathoms, sandy mud, inner Bernard harbour.

Margarites helicinus Fabricius.
Eggs of nudibranch; loose opercula.
Musculus Icevigatus Gray.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.

e. o. As 6 and stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.
Molluscan egg capsules.

i.-p. At and around Bernard harbour.

Mytilus edulis L.
Musculus niger Gray.
Musculus Icevigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Liocyma beckii Dall.
Mya truncata Linne.
Saxicava arctica Linne.

14 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Saxicava pholadis Linne*.

Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.

Chrysodomus sp. (ovicapsules).

Plicifusus kroyeri Moller.

Volutopsius sp. (fragments).

Beringius sp., (ovicapsules).

Ancistrolepis magnus Dall.

Buccinum angulosum Gray.

Buccinum nor male Dall.

Buccinum plectrum Stimpson.

Buccinum polar -e Gray.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguire.

Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius.

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.

Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

Acmcea emydia Dall.

y. Beach on Chantry island, Dolphin and Union strait.
Acmcea emydia Dall.

STATION 38.
Coronation gulf, beach of Couper island.

Mytilus edulis Linne.

STATION 39.

Beach at Inman river delta, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest 'Territories.
Pyrulofusus deformis Gray.

STATION 40.

a. Beach at and around Bernard harbour.
(Specimens listed under Station 37^, p.)

u. Stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.

Cylichna sp. (fragment).
Opercula of Buccinum sp. indet.
Margarites sp. (fragment).

STATION 41.
Bernard harbour, 5 fathoms, sandy mud (outer harbour).

Musculus Icevigatus Gray.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.

Eggs of nudibranchs and indeterminate mollusks.

Philine finmarchica M. Sars.

Utriculus semen Reeve.

Cylichna nucleola Reeve.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere (young shells).

Buccinum angulosum Gray.

Buccinum nor male Dall.

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.

Margarites helicinus Fabricius.

Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and Sowerby.

Margarites sordidus Hancock.

Mollusks 15 A

Bernard harbour (outer harbour), 5 fathoms, muddy bottom.

Musculus Icevigalus Gray. •

Musculus niger Gray.

Musculus corrugatus Stimpson.

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.

Liocyma viridis Dall.

My a truncata Linne.

Nudibranch eggs.

Cylichna alba Brown.

Lor a exarata Moller.

Lora beckii Moller.

Buccinum sp. (very young).

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.

Margarites sordidus Hancock.

Acmcea emydia Dall (young).

/. Bernard harbour, in about 3 fathoms, mud.

Musculus Icevigatus Gray (young).
Eggs of nudibranch.
Lamellaria gronlandica Moller (young).
Acm.cea emydia Dall.

h. Beach, Bernard harbour.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 42.

d. Stomach of Cottus scorpius, Bernard harbour.
Cylichna sp. (fragm.).

e. u. Stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.

Ovicapsules of Buccinum sp.

Loose opercula of Buccinum sp.

Utriculus sp. (fragments).

Buccinum opercula (loose).

Margarites sordidus Hancock (fragments).

n. Specimens listed under Station 37i, p.

STATION 43.

a. Dolphin and Union strait, in about 50 fathoms, grey mud and stones (off

Cockburn point).

Leda pernula Miiller.

Area glacialis Gray.

Pseudamusium andersoni Dall.

Musculus Icevigatus Gray.

Musculus vernicosus Midd. (young).

Musculus corrugatus Stimpson.

Thyasira flexuosa Forbes & Hanley (young) .

16 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Macorna oneilli Dall.

Mya intermedia Dall.

.^<ixicava arctica Linne\

I 'hi line finmarchica M. Sars.

Admete couthouyi Jay.

Trichotropis borealis Brodrrip and Soucrby.

Tuchyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, variety.

Margarites sordidus Hancock.

Margarites albulus Gould.

Margarites harrisoni Hancock.

Gastropod eggs.

b. Dolphin and Union strait, off Stapylton bay, in about 30 fathoms, mud.

Operculum of Euspira sp.

Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.

Area glacialis Gray.

Musculus Icevigatus Gray.

Macoma oneilli Dall.

Lyonsia arenosa Moller.

Lamellidoris cf. liturata Beck. The bottom of the foot, ctenidia, and

rhinophores orange; dorsum olive grey.
Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.

c. West of Cockburn point (Dolphin and Union strait) in 20 to 30 meters, grey

mud, stones and algae.

Musculus Icevigatus Gray.

Astarte vernicosa Dall.

Astarte borealis Schum.

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.

Liocyma viridis Dall.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Saxicava arctica Linne.

Mya truncata Linne.

Buccinum angulosum Gray.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere.

Buccinum sp. (very young).

Buccinum polare Gray.

Neptunea clathrata Linne.

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.

Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and Sowerby.

Acmcea emydia Dall.

Trachydermon albus Linne.

Tonicella marmorea Fabricius.

Molluscan egg-capsules.

STATION 44.
h. Cape Barrow, Coronation gulf (about 1 fathom).

Mytilus edulis Linne.

Saxicava arctica Linne.

Littorina rudis, var. gronlandica Morch.

Lacuna sp.

Mollusks 17 A

STATION 47.

a. Beach of Richardson island, Coronation gulf, south side of Victoria island.
Mytilus edulis Linne.

b. Beach of bay east of Lady Franklin point, Victoria island.

Mytilus edulis Linne.
Astarte borealis Schum.

c. Beach at Austin bay, Victoria island.

Mytilus edulis Linne.
Musculus Icevigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
My a truncata Linne.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.

e. Beach, Forsyth bay, Victoria island.
Ovicapsules of Chrysodomus sp.

STATION 48.

a. From Stomach of Cottus quadricornis, Goulburn island, Bathurst inlet,

Northwest Territories.

Utriculus sp. (badly digested).

b. From stomach of tomcod, same locality.
Operculum of Euspira sp.

g. Beach at cape Lockyer, Coronation gulf.
Buccinum sp. ovicapsules.

STATION 49.

g. From stomach of Cottus scorpius, Bernard harbour.

Margarites harrisoni Hancock (badly eroded).
Acmcea emydia Dall.

r. From stomach of Somateria v-nigra, Bernard harbour.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin (young, broken).
Musculus niger Gray (fragments).
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiere (fragments).

STATION 50.

a. Beach at Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait.

Saxicava arctica Linne.
Buccinum sp. indet.

18 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

d. Young point, Dolphin and Union strait.
Eggs of two species of unknown gastropods.

/. Beach at and around Bernard harbour.

Mytilus edulis Linnc.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.

STATION 53

c. Beach at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories (see also sta. 35).

Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

STATIONS NOT NUMBERED.

Between cape Baring and Pullen point, Victoria island.
Lymncea caperata Say. = vahli Beck, = palustris Miiller, mutation.

Lake near Bernard harbour, rom stomach of Cristivomer namaycush.

Lymncea palustris vahli Beck.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Pond near Colville mountains, Victoria island.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Stomach of Salvelinus, Bernard harbour.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Lake opposite Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Water-hole on tundra at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond at Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond east of Bernard harbour — D. Jenness, collector.
Physa jennessi Dall.

Creek at Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Under stone at Bernard harbour.
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.

Lake west of Bernard harbour,
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Mollusks 19 A

Creek at Bernard Harbour.

Lymncea caperata Say (on the mud).
Aplexa hypnorum Lm-ne (on plants).
Valvata lewisii Currier.

Lake near point Williams, Victoria island.

Lymncea caperata Say.
Valvata lewisii Currier.

Lake between point Williams and mount Arrowsmith, Victoria island.
Lymncea caperata Say.

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.

Genus Leda Schumacher.

Subgenus Portlandia Morch.

Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni, n. sp. (PL II, figs. 3, 4.)

Shell small, inflated, slightly inequilateral, olivaceous in the young, tending
to a dark brownish tint in the adult, the periostracum strong, minutely evenly
vermiculately wrinkled all over; anterior end shorter, evenly rounded; posterior
portion with a rounded ridge extending to the posterior extremity where it forms
a rounded point, the shell being compressed above and below this ridge and the
margin below slightly incurved and retractively obliquely truncate; the basal
margin is slightly rounded; there is a small lanceolate impressed area in front
of the low, slightly opisthocoelous beaks, and a large one behind them, but there
is no circumscribed lunule or escutcheon; the interior is white, there is a large
triangular resilifer below the beaks and eleven anterior and eight posterior hinge
teeth; no indications of a pallial sinus appear on the specimens but the adductor
scars are large and conspicuous. Height of specimen 6; length 8.5; diameter
4 mm. Station 27s. , off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, in three fathoms,
sandy bottom. Many specimens.

This is a remarkable little shell, quite distinct from its nearest relatives.
It is of the same general type as Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray, but much
shortened up, smaller 'and more acute behind in proportion to its size. The
curious vermiculation of the surface is probably in great part if not entirely a
function of the periostracum. Catalogue Nos. 4150 and 4151 (Ottawa). Types
and co-types.

Genus Pseudamusium H. & A. Adams.
Pseudamusium andersoni, n. sp. (PL II. figs. 7, 8.)

Shell suborbicular, translucent white, extremely thin and fragile ; hinge line
straight, the ears subequal, the right anterior ear slightly convexly striated but
with no perceptible byssal notch or ctenolium; the right valve with a few faint
concentric undulations near the umbo, beyond that smooth, near the lower
margin concave and appressed against the margin of the opposite valve; left
valve more convex, equilateral, smooth, polished with a few faint irregular
radial markings near the base. Interior polished, the ligament very small.

The soft parts in alcohol are small, greenish, the margin of the mantle with
very numerous small blackish eye spots, the gills and foot very small.

20 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Length of hingeline 9.5; of disk 24; height 22; max. diameter 5 mm.

Station 43a. Dredged in about 50 fathoms, mud and pebbles in Dolphin
and Union strait, Northwest Territories. Many specimens.

This species belonging to the group of P. vitreus, P. gronlandicus and their
allies, is distinguished from any of them by the entire absence of any regular
radial sculpture or ornamentation. Denude P. randolphi of the Pacific fauna of
its radial rows of minute prickles and it would approach the present species.
The only other quite smooth species of the group known to me, belongs to the
Magellanic fauna.

The species is named after Dr. R. M. Anderson, chief of the Southern
Party, of the expedition.

Catalogue Nos. 4235, 4236 (Ottawa). Types and co-types.

Genus Macoma Leach.
Macoma oneilli, n. sp. (PI. II, fig. 1.)

Shell small, thin, oval, compressed, inequilateral, slightly inequivalvr, tlu;
anterior part more than twice as long as the part behind the umbones; white
covered with a dehiscent yellowish-olive periostracum; beaks hardly perceptible,
ligament prominent, posterior end with an extremely narrow compressed dorsal
margin corresponding to the fold of most species; anterior and posterior ends
subequally rounded; dorsal and basal margins nearly equally arcuate; interior
chalky white, the hinge with two small but well-marked teeth in each valve, the
anterior left cardinal bifid; pallial sinus rounded behind, co'alescent below, a
little smaller in the right valve than in the other ; muscular impressions subequal
and of moderate size. Length of shell 21; length in front of the vertical from
the beaks 15; height 15; diameter 6 mm. Catalogue No. 4240 (Ottawa).

Station 43a-6. Dredged in Dolphin and Union Strait in 30 to 50 fathoms,
mud and pebbles. Two specimens.

This species is remarkable for its evenly oval shape and flattened valves,
devoid of the usual posterior twist. Among the various species of Macoma in
the Arctic seas it approaches nearest to M. moesta Deshayes, but is quite distinct
It is named in honour of Mr. J. J. O'Neill of the party.

Genus Physa Draparnaud.
Physa jennessi, n. sp. (PI. II, fig. 2')

Shell small, thin, of four whorls, of a dull amber yellow without a darker
streak behind the outer lip; apex rounded, rather blunt, surface polished with
occasional incremental irregularities and a microscopic spiral striation obsolete
in places; spire shorter than the aperture, the last whorl much the largest, the
suture not deep, the whorls moderately rounded; outer lip sharp, inner lip
slightly erased and whitened; pillar straight, thickened where it meets the body,
with a little depression behind it. Length 8 ; length of aperture 5 ; max. diameter
5 mm.

Ponds near Bernard harbour, rare. Collected by Mr. D. Jenness of the
party, in whose honour it is named. Catalogue Nos. 4019, 4020 (Ottawa).

This is remarkable as the most northern species known of the genus. By
some unexplained factor, perhaps connected with glaciation, the genus Physa
is not represented in the boreal region of Asia or America between the western
Siberian boundary and cape Bathurst. It occurs in southern Siberia among
the headwaters of the Amur river. In America the most northerly localities
reported are Moose Factory on Hudson bay, and Great Slave lake. The allied
genus Aplexa seems to take the place of Physa in all the boreal region above
referred to. When we consider that the large Lymnaeas of the type of L. stagnalis

Mollusks 21 A

and Apiexa hypnorum, abound to the very verge of .the Polar sea, it seems
difficult to account for the absence of Physa, elsewhere associated with them.

Genus Lora Gistel.
Lora trevelliana Turton.

Pleurotoma treveilianum Turton, Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 351, 1841.

Mangelia treveLtiana Forbes & Hanley, III, p. 452, pi. 112, f. 12, 1853.

Pleurotoma reticulata Brown, 1827, not of Renieri, 1804.

Station 27s. Off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, in three fathoms.

Also on the Murman and North Atlantic coast.

Several specimens apparently not quite full grown were obtained. They
agree with British specimens except that the sculpture is more feeble than in the
completely adult individuals. Jeffreys notes that American specimens are
smaller than those from Britain, as is also the case with some other mollusks.

Genus Admete Kroyer.
Admete elongata Leche.

Admete viridula Fabr. var. elongata Leche, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. Bd.
16, No. 2, p. 48, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1878.

A badly eroded specimen was obtained at station 23, off the Sea Horse
islands, Alaska, N. Latitude 70° 24', in 9-10 fathoms, sandy bottom. This
appears to be the shell described in the report of the Swedish expedition to Novaia
Zemlia and the Yenisei in 1875 and 1876 under the name above cited. If it is
really an Admete the plaits on the pillar are obsolete, but the specimen is too
imperfect to base a dogmatic opinion upon. Long since it was pointed out that
the type specimen of Fabricius' shell is a Beta, a fact which I have verified by
personal inspection. Also that the Admete was first named costellifera by
J. Sowerby in 1818 from a Crag fossil. The present shell has much the aspect
of a Trichotropis, and certainly has not the least connection with Admete
costettifera, or Admete viridula auct. non Fabricius.

Genus Plicifusus Dall.
Plicifusus johanseni, n. sp. (PL III.)

Shell fusiform, whitish, with six or more slightly rounded whorls exclusive
of the (lost) nucleus; suture distinct, not appressed or channelled; but rather
deep; the first three or four whorls are feebly axially plicate, the obscure riblets
anteriorly protractive and varying in number up to ten; very faint irregular
traces of them, or some of them, may appear on the last whorl; spiral sculpture
of numerous straplike flat spirals made duplex by a medial groove and separated
by a much narrower interspace crossed by fine incremental lines; canal short,
slightly recurved; outer lip arcuate, somewhat produced below the periphery;
body and pillar with a coating of enamel; pillar attenuated in front, nearly
straight. Length of (decollate) specimen 52; of last whorl 39; of aperture 26;
max. diameter 22 mm.

Station 24. Point Barrow sandspit, Alaska. Also collected at Icy Cape,
Alaska, by Capt. Everett Smith, in 1874, who presented a specimen to the U. S.
National Museum.

The expedition collected a dilapidated specimen at Point Barrow, but I
have drawn up the' description from the better preserved individual in the
collection of the U. S. National Museum. Catalogue No. 4117 (Ottawa).

22 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

The species is perhaps nearest to P. esychus Dall, from the same region, in
which the spire is proportionately longer, the whorls more inflated, and the
spiral sculpture less coarse.

It is named in honour of Mr. Frits Johansen, naturalist of the expedition,
and to whose energy the larger part of the collection is due.

(Icnus VgUitopsius Morch.
Volutopsius stefanssoni, n. sp. (PI. I).

Shell large, heavy, rude, pinkish brown with a rosy protoconch and five
rapidly enlarging whorls; nucleus swollen, large, irregular, of about two whorls,
blunt at the apex; suture distinct, not channelled; whorls inflated, with a high
rounded shoulder and five or six obscure swellings at the shoulder which do not
become definite ribs; there is no spiral sculpture, but the lines of growth are rude
and occasionally lamellose, especially toward the aperture in senile individuals;
canal short, wide, slightly recurved; aperture wide, the outer lip thickened but
hardly reflected, throat whitish; body in the mature shell with a layer of whitish
enamel which extends to the end of the pillar, which is arcuate, shorter than the
aperture and obliquely truncate in front. Height of shell 114; max. diameter 65;
height of last whorl 87; of aperture 75 mm.

Station 24. Point Barrow, Alaska, sandspit. Also collected by the U. S.
Bureau of Fisheries at various stations from the Pribilof and Nunivak islands,
Bering sea, northward to the Arctic ocean, in 25 to 56 fathoms. Catalogue
4128 (Ottawa).

Three fragmentary or immature specimens were obtained by the expedition
at Point Barrow; a description has been prepared from an adult in the collection
of the U. S. National Museum. The shells, as in many other species, some-
times show narrow oblique or zigzag ridges due to some cause not yet determined,
but probably abnormal. The species in a general way recalls V. castanea Morch,
a much smaller species common on the Aleutian islands. The species is named
in honour of the commander of the Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Genus Margarites Leach.
Margarites ecarinatus, n. sp. (PL II, figs. 5, 6).

Shell pinkish grey, depressed, with about five rapidly enlarging whorls;
nucleus minute, glassy; subsequent whorls moderately inflated, separated by a
deep but not channelled suture, having a rounded periphery, a wide, completely
pervious umbilicus, and a large, very oblique, iridescent aperture. Axial
sculpture of very fine silky incremental lines; spiral sculpture of low flattish
threads separated by narrower interspaces sometimes carrying a finer intercalary
thread; this sculpture is carried over the base but is absent from the walls of
the wide umbilicus; aperture rounded, very oblique, the margins sharp, hardly
meeting over the body except by a thin layer of enamel. Operculum brown,
thin, multispiral. Height of shell 8; max. diameter 15 mm. Catalogue No. 4071
(Ottawa).

Station 22, in N. Latitude 69° 35' and W. Longitude 163° 27', dredged in
11-12 fathoms, sandy bottom, 1 specimen. Also represented in the U. S. Nat.
Museum by specimens collected in Bering sea, among the Aleutian islands, and
as far to the east and southward as Port Althorp, Alaska.

This species is nearest to M. vorticiferus Dall, which has about the same
range, but presents constant differences. In vorticiferus the spire is more elevated
and the whorls flattened and carinate at the periphery; the spiral sculpture is
generally finer and the axial sculpture coarser. Its measurements are: height 15;
max. diameter 20 mm.

Mollusks 23 A

Genus Amicula Gray.
Amicula vestita Sowerby.

Chiton vestitus Sowerby, Zool. Journ. IV, p. 368, 1829; Conch. 111., figs. 128,
128a, 1839.

Amicula vestita Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. I, p. 369, 1879; Sci. Results
Expl. of Alaska, p. 89, 1879. O

Station 22, off cape Lisburne, Arctic ocean, in North Latitude 69° 35' and
West Longitude 163° 27', in 11-12 fathoms, rock and sand bottom. Also'found
in Bering sea northward from the Pribilof islands and on the Atlantic side from
the Arctic south to cape Cod on the American coast.

NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS.
By Mr. FRITS JOHANSEN.

(Copied from Journal I.)

Nome, Alaska: A few naked snails (Agriolimax hyperboreus) 1916.
and Succinea chrysis collected under loose stones, boards, etc., on Ausust25-
tundra.

Teller, Port Clarence, Alaska: A few snails (Succinea chrysis) 1913.
collected under old sacks, tins, etc., on tundra near the town. July 31-

Teller, Alaska: Many fresh-water snails (Aplexa hypnorum) Augusts,
collected in brackish tundra-pond between the lake and the sea
near the town.

Sadlerochit river, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: Hot creek, November
tributary to Sadlerochit river, about 25 miles inland. On the free 6~7-
(especially upper) sides of the submerged moss covered stones in
the creek bed were many small snails (Lymncea) attached in hundreds;
these snails besides other snails (Aplexa) and small clams (Pisidium
rotundatum) were also common between the grass on the sandy,
stone-free bottom of the creek in shallower water.

Collinson point, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: In a completely 1914.
melted tundra-pond I collected a few fresh-water snails (Aplexa June 13.
with the soft parts black) on grass stems.

Collinson point, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: In a waterhole 1914.5
on the tundra I collected some smaller fresh-water snails (Aplexa June 20.
hypnorum, young) soft-naked part blue-gray, on grass stems.

Collinson point, Alaska: In a waterhole in and near the beach, juiy n.
I collected the common fresh-water snails (adult Aplexa).

Konganevik, Camden Bay, Arctic Alaska: Many fresh-water June 25-6.
snails (Aplexa) collected in the littoral region of a big lake inland
among plants. Found about half a dozen about 15mm. long, black, July 2-
naked snails (Agriolimax hyperboreus) feeding on the pollen of
catkins of the common low willow (Salix sp.) in the coastal tundra
swamp. It was plainly to be seen that the snails really feed on
only the pollen, as the yellow anthers were missing or partly
missing on the catkins the animals were on, so that only the
red filaments were left. These snails had their creeping sole more
brownish; and the buccal mass when protruded, showed white,
dotted with black on the outer margin; otherwise the animal was
completely black. The moist weather during these days probably
brought these snails forth from their hiding-places under vegetation,
etc.; I tried to keep them alive, but a couple of days later they all
died. This is the first time I have found naked land-snails on the

24 A

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

July 4.

May l.V

14.

1316.

July -".»•

August 2.

1914.

M:.y

9116.
July 26.

1915.
June 26.
1916.
April.
1915.
June 28.
Aug. 6.

June 28.
August 16.

September 1.

October 1-
Dec. 20.

1916.
May 6.

June 23-24.
July 5.

Alaskan Arctic coast. The species is the same as those from
Nome, Alaska, and the one from Bernard harbour, N.W.T.

Konganevik, Camden Bay, Alaska: On the coastal tundin
near the sea was a pond with rich vegetation and a broad fringe of
washed-up plant debris at its edge. On this fringe were many
empty shells of the common fresh-water snail (Aplexa).

Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic Coast: Creeping over the
mud-bottom of a just melted pond on the coastal tundra were a
couple of Aplexa, the common fresh-water snails.

Herschel island, Yukon Territory, Arctic Canada: In a pond
(not the same as 1916, but both ponds about 100 feet elevation)
situated inland on the east end of the island, I collected many 1 to
8 mm. long, brown Aplexa.

Same locality (Herschel island): In a pond (not the same as
1914, but both ponds at about 100 feet elevation) situated on the
tundra swamp inland at the east end of the island, I collected
several fresh water snails (Aplexa) among the dense growth of
Hippuris, etc.

Iglukitaktok, West branch of Mackenzie Delta (68° 20' lat. N.,
135° 26' long. W.) : J. J. O'Neill collected Lymncea appressa floating
in the fresh water flooding the ice, near the marshy margin of a
small lake.

Cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories, Canada: The common
fresh water snails (Aplexa) collected in waterholes in the tundra
back of the sandspit.

Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada: Lake trout
(Cristivomer namaycush W.) caught by Eskimo in lakes around
here had in their stomachs about 1 dozen 2-5 mm. clams. The
youngest clams had the shell pure white; the older ones had this
greyish (Pisidium rotundatum). In the different larger ponds I
found the shallow-water snails (Aplexa) attached to the grass
stems or as empty shells on the mud-bottom. Shell brown; pro-
truding, soft body-part grey; head almost black.

Bernard harbour: From stomach of lake-trout, caught as
June 26, 1 snail (Lymncea vahli) and many Pisidium rotundatum. ,

Under a stone on moist ground (tundra) inland, I found a 15
mm. long brown, naked Pulmonate snail (Agriolimax) . Dorsal
side (especially mantle-shield, tentacles and their base, and body
back of the mantle) black-brown, getting lighter brown laterally,
until the whitish (grey) footsole is reached. The rainy weather
these days has probably brought this snail out from its hiding place.
This is the first and only naked snail I have found east of Mackenzie
delta.

Fungus (Agaricusl) found gnawed by snails.

The trout (Salvelinus marstoni) caught by us in the big- lake
south of the harbour, often had in their stomachs many of the
common small fresh-water clams (Pisidium).

Same locality (Bernard Harbour) : A few Pisidium from bottom
of big lake south of harbour were collected.

A fresh-water snail (Aplexa) collected in the big lake south
of the harbour.

Many of the common fresh-water snails (Aplexa) and a few
Lymncea and Physa were collected in the shallow bights at the outlet
of the big creek from the big lake in valley back of the harbour.
Many empty shells of Lymncea vahli and Aplexa hypnorum and
Valvatd lewisii found washed up at the mouth of another big creek

Mollusks

25 A

End of June-
Begininng of
July.
1915.
August.

at the southwest end of the same lake; up in this creek I also
collected many living Lymncea and Aplexa.

The fresh-water shells Aplexa and Physa collected by D.
Jenness east of Bernard Harbour.

Victoria island, Northwest Territories, Canada: The following
fresh-water snails were collected by D. Jenness: —

1. From lakes near point Williams, August 8, 1913: Lymncea

vahli and Valvata lewisii.

2. From lakes near Mt. Arrowsmith, m ddle of August:

Lymncea vahli.

3. From pond inland near Point Williams, August 15: Aplexa.

4. From creek between cape Kendall and Cape Baring, August

31: Aplexa hypnorum; Lymncea vahli.

The Eskimo (Coronation Gulf dialect) name for these Lymncea
and Valvata is "Siuterkok" (derived from the word for ears). The
same name is used for Buccinum and other snails.1

The common, small fresh-water clam (Pisidium rotundatum)
is called " Uvillunniak " ( = the small clam) by the Coronation
Gulf Eskimo. Marine bivalves called "Uvillok."2

*Any spiral molluscs are called siutukayuk in Mackenzie Eskimo dialect. — R. M. Anderson.
2Also called uvillok in Mackenzie dialect; abjait in Kotgebut Sound dialect.— R. M. Anderson.

REFERENCES TO PLATES.

PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Volutopsius stefanssoni Dall, nat. size; p. 22A.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 1.

PLATE II.

Macoma oneilli Dall, nat. size; p. 20A.

Physa jennessi Dall, X 3; p. 20 A.

Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni Dall; inside view, nat. size; p. 19A.

The same, outside view; p. 19A.

Margarites ecarinatus Dall, upper surface, magnified one half; p. 22A.

The same in profile.

Pseudamusium andersoni Dall, left valve, nat. size; the dark center of the disk is the

remains of the animal matter; p. 19A.
The same, right valve.

PLATE III.
Plicifusus johanseni Dall, X 2 ; p. 21 A.

26 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

APPENDED REPORT.

The Pleistocene Fossils collected on the Arctic Coast of the

Yukon and Northwest Territories by the Canadian

Arctic Expedition of 1913-18.

By WILLIAM HEALEY DALL«I

The fossils listed in this report are without doubt all Pleistocene. They
belong to species now living in adjacent waters which form part of the Western
Arctic fauna. The collection was made largely by Mr. J. J. O'Neill, and from
the notes on the labels, the horizon in which the fauna occurs seems to be
represented over a very large extent of the Arctic coast from Herschel Island,
Yukon Territory to Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, and to be identical
with that described by Schrader2 under the name of the Gubik sand, on the
Arctic shore of Alaska.

It is rather surprising that the Pliocene Nuwok formation which in Alaska
underlies the Gubik sand in many places, with a very characteristic and interest-
ing fauna, is not represented in the Canadian collection.

The material from Herschel island and from the Mackenzie River delta is
in a matrix which in each case is of fine grey silt which immediately dissolves
in water, but has when nearly dry a certain hard toughness, and when quite
dry breaks up into angular fragments. It contains, intermixed with Pleistocene
marine shells, a proportion of rock fragments or marine fossils of the Devonian
formations so extensively developed in the Yukon Territory to the south and
which may have been transported on ice cakes or in the roots of uprooted trees
in the spring freshets. Three pieces of brown sandstone from the delta (No. 1885)
contain Devonian brachiopod remains, and small palaeozoic brachiopods, possibly
young Meristella, were found loose in the silt from Herschel island.

The following are the species represented in the collection from each of the
numbered stations —

Station 1926, south side Herschel island, Yukon Territory—

Chrysodomus cf. saturus Martyn (fragm.).

Buccinum tenue Gray (fragm.).

Natica sp. cf. clausa Brod. & Sby. (very young).

Neptunea beringi Dall (fragm.).

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Astarte arctica Gray.

Astarte fabula Reeve.

Astarte alaskensis Dall.

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.
Station 1942, east side of Herschel island—

Natica sp. (very young).

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Astarte fabula Reeve.

Astarte alaskensis Dall.

JBy permission of the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
2F. C. Schrader, United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 20, Washington,
1904, p. 20 et seq.

For comparison with this list the reader is referred to J. Gwyn Jeffrey's list of Pleistocene fossils found in the northeas *
part of the Arctic Archipelago — (The Post-tertiary fossils procured in the late Arctic Expedition; with notes on some of the
Recent or Living Mollusca from the same Expedition. Annals Natural History, vol. 20, ser. 4, 1877, pp. 229-388.)

Mollusks 27 A

Station 3486, Kay Point, Yukon Territory—
Dentalium sp. (fragm.).
Natica sp. (young fry).
Leda (Porllandia) arctica Gray.
Musculus sp. (fragm.).
Pseudamusium sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sabulosa Spengler.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Astarte fabula Reeve.
Saxicava arctica Linne* (fragm.).

Station 5282, Arctic sound, Northwest Territories —
Cardium ciliatium Fabricius.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
My a truncata Linne.
Saxicava pholadis Linne*.

Station 5283, east side Coppermine river, Northwest Territories —
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Macoma brota Ball.

Station 5284, west side Coppermine river —
Leda pernula Muller.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Macoma balthica Linne.
Macoma brota Dall.

Station 5285, Victoria island, Northwest Territories —
Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby.
Mya truncala Linne.
Saxicava pholadis Linne.

Station 5286, Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest

Territories —
Mytilus edulis Linne.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.
Mya intermedia Dall.
Balanus^sp. (fragment).

Station 5287, Kogluktualuk river, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories—
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Station 5288, Port Epworth harbour, Coronation gulf—

Myaf (fragment).
Station 5289, south end of Port Epworth, Coronation gulf—

Saxicava pholadis Linne.

Mya truncata Linne.

B 'alarms sp. (fragment).

Station 5290, mouth of Inman river, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest
Territories —

Mytilus edulis, Linne.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Saxicava arctica Linne.

Saxicava pholadis Linne.

Mya truncata Linne (young).

28 A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Station 5291, south side Bernard harbour, Northwest Territoi i< •>

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Saxicava arctica Linne*.

Buccinum sp.? (fragment).
Station 5293, north side Bernard harbour, Northwest Territory •>

Acmaea emydiaf Dall.

Mytilus edulis Linne*.

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Saxicava pholadis Linne*.

Saxicava arctica Linne*.

Mya truncata Linne*.

My a intermedia Dall.

Balanus sp. (fragment).

Station 5294, cape Barrow, Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, at I ."i
elevation —

Macoma calcarea Gmelin (fragments).

Saxicava pholadis Linne*.

Mya truncata Linne.
Station 5295, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories —

Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Stations 5298, 5299, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories —

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.

Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin.

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Saxicava pholadis Linne.

Saxicava arctica Linne.

Mya truncata Linne.
Station 5300, Cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwest Territories —

Saxicava pholadis Linne. •

Station 5301, 15 miles southwest of cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwest
Territories —

Astarte sp., indet.
Station 5302, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories —

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Station 5497 (40a) Five miles inland from Bernard harbour, Northwest
Territories —

Saxicava pholadis Linne*.

Mya truncata Linne.

All of the thirty species recorded from the several local collections given
above are included in the following systematic list: —

SYSTEMATIC LIST.

Leda (Portland™} arctica Gray. Sta. No. 5283, 5287

Leda pernula M tiller

Pseud musium sp

Mytilus edulis Linn6

Musculus sp

Astarte alaskensis Dall

Astarte fabula Reeve

Astarte arctica Gray

Astarte borealis Schumacher. .

5284

3486

5286, 5290, 5293

3496

1926, 1942

1926, 1942, 34$ 3

1926

5286, 5291, 5293, 5295, 5298

5299, 5302

Astarte sp. indet " 5301

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius " 5282, 5283, 5283, 5286, 5298

5299
Serripes gronlandicus Gmelin " 5282 . 5286 . 5298

Mollusks 29 A

Macoma calcarea Gmelin Sta. No. 5282 , 5284 , 5287 , 5290 5283

5294, 5298

Macoma sabulosa Spengler " 3486

Macoma balthica Linne" " 5284

Macoma brota Dall " 5283, 5284

Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby. " 5285

Mi/a truncata Linne " 5282, 5285, 5289, 5290, 5293

5294, 5497, 5298, 5299

Mya intermedia Dall " 5286 , 5293

Saxicava arctica Linne . " 5290, 5291 , 5293, 5299

Saxicava pholadis Linne " 5282, 5285, 5289, 5290, 5293,

5294, 5497, 5298, 5299. 5300

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker " 1926

Dentalium sp ' 3486

Chrysodomus cf . saturus Martyn. ' 1926

Buccinum sp.? (fragment) ' 5291

Buccinum tenue Gray ' 1926

Neptunea beringi Dall ' 1926

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy ' 1926

Natica sp. cf . clausa Brod " 1926

Acmaea emydiaf Dall " 5293

Balanus sp. (fragment) " 5286, 5289, 5293

LIST OF COLLECTING STATIONS (WEST TO EAST).

1942— East side of Herschel island, Yukon Territory. Elevat^n up to 200' A.T.

1926 — South side of Herschel island, Yukon Territory. The island is made up of silty mud,

with more or less gravel mixed. Fossils were collected from 100 feet above sea level

downward.
3486 — From sandy mud cliffs on Kay point, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory. East side of point,

and 3 miles from the end. Sand and sandy mud, almost clay, with thin layers of

gravel. Sandy mud contains pebbles stratified, and cross-bedded deposits. Apparently

part of the Anaktuvuk feature. Collected from a hillside (100') at elevation 25' A.T.
5300 — Twenty-five miles southwest of cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwest Territories. From

gravel, 50 feet elevation, on coast.
5301 — From debris on slope of partly consolidated mud underlying gravel near top of the former

Little river (Brock river), Northwest Territories. Ten miles from mouth, about 15

miles south-west of cape Lyon. Elevation about 200' A.T.
5290 — Mud-gravel about the mouth of Inman river 60 feet to 200 feet, Dolphin and Union strait,

Northwest Territories.
5302 — From 15 feet elevation on north side of Bernard harbour, south side of Dolphin and Union

strait, Northwest Territories.
5298-5299 — Sand and gravel terraces from 15 feet above high-water, south side Bernard harbour

winter quarters, Dolphin and Union strait.

5295 — North side of Bernard harbour, 15 feet above high-water level.
5293— North side of Bernard harbour, from 30 feet above high-water level.
5291 — South side of Bernard harbour, 30 feet above high-water level.
5286 — South side of Bernard harbour. From greenish-grey sand in cut banks at high-water

level.

5497 — Five miles south of Bernard harbour, about 12 feet elevation.
5285 — South-west part of Victoria island, Northwest Territories. Mud formation between the

Colville hills and south coast. D. Jenness, collector. Occurrence general up to 300

feet, none seen higher, although the formation goes above 800 feet. (Jenness).
5284 — West side of Coppermine river, 5 miles from mouth, from claybanks 50 feet high. Altitude

above present level of river, 3 to 15 feet. Ice-covered. Sticking in the clay on limited

stretch of banks. More shells seen higher up the bank.
5283 — East side of Coppermine river, Northwest Territories, about 6 miles from the mouth, in

river banks 50 feet in height.
5289— Mud-gravel of Dolomite hills, south end of Port Epworth, Coronation gulf, 320 feet

elevation.

5288— East side of Port Epworth harbour, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories. From mud-
gravel at 500 feet elevation.
5287 — Mud-gravel formation, 11 miles up Kogluktualuk river, Coronation gulf. Seventy-five

tfeet above river bed.
5294 — Cape Barrow, Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, 150 feet elevation.

PLATE No. 1
CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1913-16. (W. H. Dall),

PLATE No. 2.
CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1913-16. (W. II. Dall).

•- -r^^<"^

PLATE No. 3.
CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1913-16. (W. H. Dall).

Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.

VOLUME Vm: MOLLUSKS, ECfflNODERMS, COELENTERATES, ETC\

Part A: MOLLUSKS, RECENT AND PLEISTOCENE. By William H. Dall.

(Issued September 94, 1919).
Part B: CEPHALOPODA AND PTEROPODA. By S. S. Berry and W. F. Clapp. (In preparation).

Part C: ECHINODERMS. By Austin H. Clark (Issued April 6, 1920).

Part D: BRYOZOA. By R. C. Osburn (In preparation).

Part E: ROTATORIA. By H. K. Harring (In preparation).

Part F: CHAETOGNATHA. By A. G. Huntsman (In preparation).

Part G: ACTINOZOA AND ALCYONARIA. By A. E. Verrill (In press).

Part H: MEDUSAE AND CTENOPHORA. By H. B. Bigelow (Issued June SO, 1920).

Part I: HYDROIDS. By McLean Fraser (In preparation).

Part J: PORIFERA.

VOLUME IX: ANNELIDS, PARASITIC WORMS, PROTOZOANS, ETC.

Part A: OLIGOCHAETA.

Lumbriculidse. By Frank Smith.

Enchytralidae. By Paul S. Welch (Issued September 29, 1919).

Part B: POLYCHAETA. By Ralph V. Chamberlin/. (Issued November 16, 1930).

Part C: HIRUDINEA. By J. P. Moore (In press).

Part D: GEPHYREA. By Ralph V. Chamberiin (Issued June 10, 1980).

Part E: ACANTHOCEPHALA. By H. J. Van Cleave (Issued April 7, 19SO).

Part F: NEMATODA. By N. A. Cobb (In preparation).

Part G-H: TREMATODA AND CESTODA. By A. R. Cooper (In press).

Part I: TURBELLARIA. By A. Hassell (In preparation).

Part J: GORDIACEA.

Part K: SPOROZOA. By J. V. Mavor (In preparation).

Part M: FORAMINIFERA. By J. A. Cushman (Issued February 6, 19SO).

VOLUME X: PLANKTON, HYDROGRAPHY, TIDES, ETC.

Part A: PLANKTON. By Albert Mann (In preparation).

Part B: MARINE DIATOMS. By L. W. Bailey ' (In preparation).

Part C: TIDAL OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS. By W. Bell Dawson. . (Issued October 1, 1920).
Part D: HYDROGRAPHY (In preparation) .

VOLUME XI: GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY

Part A: THE GEOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC COAST OF CANADA, WEST OF THE KENT.

PENINSULA. By J. J. O'Neill (In preparation).

Part B: MAPS AND GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. By Kenneth G. Chipman and John R. Cox.

(In preparation).

VOLUME XH: THE COPPER ESKIMOS (One part, complete)
THE LIFE OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS. By D. Jenness (In press).

VOLUME Xm: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE

COPPER ESKIMOS

Part A- THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS. By D.

Jenness (in part) (In preparation).

Part B: TECHNOLOGY OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS (To be prepared).

VOLUME XIV: ESKIMO FOLK-LORE AND LANGUAGE

Part A: FOLK-LORE, WITH TEXTS, FROM ALASKA, THE MACKENZIE DELTA, AND
CORONATION GULF. By D. Jenness (In preparation).

Part B: COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY OF THE ESKIMO DIALECTS
OF POINT BARROW, THE MACKENZIE DELTA, AND CORONATION GULF.
By D. Jenness (In preparation)

VOLUME XV: ESKIMO STRING FIGURES AND SONGS

Part A: STRING FIGURES OF THE ESKIMOS. By D. Jenness (Ready for press).

Part B: SONGS OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS. By D. Jenness (in part) (In preparation).

VOLUME XVI: ARCHAEOLOGY

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WESTERN ARCTIC AMERICA.

(To be prepared).