Shelf. LIBRARY OF THE JVIassach^setts Hop^ticuutup^aii Society Boston. Accession ,2 2. PRESENTED BY :r.iu ^ULiu^ oyY- iMid^cua \fo\. l^ 'AO \W \C(|0 Hl\ <§^0 i! m SK si g§ O O 31 o c: ig Ss 31 ^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/parkcemeteryland1920u Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Offlce at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Voh'^X?No?12. FEBRUARY, 1910 / „ , . . ($1.00 Per Year Subscription 1 Foreign, $1.25 (Canada, $1.25 INDEX TO VOLUME NINETEEN MARCH 1909 TO FEBRUARY 1910 A American Landscape Architecture, A Survey of 155, 179 *Animal Sculpture, Remarkable, in New York Zoo 39 Aronias as Ornamental Shrubs ....114 Association Employers’ Association of Land- scape Foresters and Entomolo- gists 35 American Association of Railroad Gardeners 105, 110 American Association of Park Su- perintendents 7, 21, 71, 107 American Civic Association 126, 151, 175, 190 Association of American Cemetery Superintendents 65, 80, 86, 101, 126, 137 Illinois Outdoor Improvement As- sociation 105, 176 Missouri Park and Cemetery Im-. provement Association ..12, 48, 121 National Association of Gardeners. .25 Ohio Cemetery Superintendents’ As- sociation B *Bellingham, Wash., Good Park Work in 72 Botanical Gardens, Grouping of ...135 *Brooklyn, Ancient and Modern Cemeteries of 46 ^Brooklyn Park, Monumental En- trances to 6 ^Buffalo, Park and Forestry Work in 169 ^Business Value of Special Ceme- tery Services 224 Billboards 15, 33, 68, 86 Books Reviewed City Plan for Grand Rapids 85 Concrete Pottery and Garden Fur- niture V., Dec. 09 Modern Civic Art VIL, June 09 San Diego, Plan for 8 Spraying for Profit V., Apr. 09 Cement Surfaces, Painting of ....154 Chicago, City Forestry In 221 Chicago Cemetery, A New, Devel- oping 202 ^Chicago’s Park Sculpture Show .... 127 ^Chicago South Parks, Construction in 2 *Chicago’s Fall Flower Show 152 City Planning, Parks and Street Trees in 192 City Planning, What is Needed in.. 74 Civic Beauty in Public Grounds. . .174 Clematis, the Upright Growing, Use of 199 ’'’Colorado Blue Spruce, A Pioneer . .93 Crematory, New Modern at Springfield, Mass 205 ’*'C3'‘press Lawn, San Francisco and Its Monuments 78 Cemeteries Abandonment of Cemeteries 56 ’'‘Ancient and Modern Cemeteries of Brooklyn 46 CHICAGO BOTANIC GARDENf 2002 DEACIDJflED Auto Funerals, the First 64 Burial and Burial Expenses 121 *Calvary, Brooklyn, and Its New Chapel 58 Charges and Relative Values 182 Control of Body in Connecticut ...57 ^Chicago Cemetery, A New, Devel- oping 202 *Cypress Lawn, San Francisco and Its Monuments 78 Damages for Removal of Body . . . .160 Decisions, Cemetery, Two Import- ant 214 Desecration Case, The Omaha 82 Dividing a Cemetery Into Lots and Single Graves 138 Establishing Cemeteries in England 117 Extension of Injunction to Pre- vent Establishment of 161 Flowers in Receiving Vaults 27 *German Exhibit of Cemetery Art in Berlin > 119 ^Greenwood’s New Receiving Vault, Brooklyn 96 ^Homewood Cemetery Improve- ments, Pittsburg 97 Injunction, to Protect Cemetery Land 160 *Lake, Artificial in Pine Grove, Manchester, N. H 206 Locating Graves for Strangers .... 11 *Lot Plans, Evolution in 81 Lot Sales by Canvassers 11 ♦Mausoleum or Receiving Vault, De- sign for 207 Mausoleums, Maintenance of 60 ♦Making of a Modern Lawn Ceme- tery 55 Monuments, Cemetery, Better Class of 61 Perpetual Care, Legislating for 57 Perpetual Care Legacy Refused ... .82 Plan, Good, First Need of a Cem- etery 159 ♦Planting Plan, An Unusual 43 New York City, Cemeteries of 144 ♦North Side Cemetery, Butler, Pa. 99 ♦Roseland Park Cemetery, Detroit, New Entrance to 204 ♦Sculptured Fountain for a Ceme- tery 161 ♦Small City Cemetery, A Well Man- aged 59 ♦Small City Cemetery, A Well-Kept. 183 ♦Special Cemetery Services, Business Value of 224 Soil Question, The 10 ♦Spring Grove’s Famous Swans 99 Suggestions for an Ideal Cemetery 64 Superintendent, Negligence of 160 Surface Water, Draining Off 27 ♦Swan Point Cemetery, Daphne Cneorum in 63 Tax on Bequest for Care of Lot... 121 ♦Transforming an Old Cemetery Into a Park 42 Undertaker and the Cemetery 57 Woodlawn Cemetery, New York, « Landscape Work in 30, 44 New Cemeteries and Improvements 12, 29, 49, 83, 103, 122, 165, 185, 210 227. Cemetery Structures 78, 96, 97, 204, 206 Cemetery Notes 12, 28, 52, 227 65, XI June 09, 83, 101, 122, 165, 187 Correspondence Dandelions Again 60 Draining Off Surface Water 27 Flowers in Receiving Vaults 27 Locating Graves for Strangers 11 E Establishing Cemeteries in England 117 Editorial A. A. C. S., New York Convention of 86, 126 American Civic Association 190 Automobile and the Roadway 126 Appalachian Forest Bill 33 Billboards for City Advertising 68 Bill Poster Again 15 Boston Common 168 City Embellishment, Does it Pay.. 126 City Planning Abroad 86 City Improvement 190 City Shade Trees 126 Cemetery Unsanitary? 190 Cemetery Decisions, Two Import- ant 214 Chicago’s Billboard Law . . .* 126 Chicago Outer Park System 68 Civic Convention, The Coming 126 Concrete in the Cemetery 146 Congressional Lapses 68 Crematory, Progress of 46 Educating the Public 68, 86 Experiment Station Work, Value of. 68 Field Museum Site, Chicago 214 Forest Service, The Government 1 Forestry Bureau Episode, The.... 214 Free Seeds 46 Funeral, The Sunday 15 Fall Flower .Shows and Children . .106 “Graft in the Graveyard” 15 Horticultural Education 146 Illinois State Art Commission ....46 Improvement Progress in Chicago ... 1 Improvement Club Efforts 106 Important Cemetery Question, An.. 106 Improving the Small Cemetery 190 Insecticide Bill, a Pure 168 Judiciary and the Billboards 86 Kansas City and the Billboards 33 Lincoln Memorial Proposed at Hodgenville, Ky i Mausoleums, Care and Mainten- ance of 46 Mausoleum Problem, A 146 Modern Cemetery, The 33 Municipal Playgrounds 146 National Federation of Art Socie- ties 33 Neglect and Graft, Striking Case of 168 Niagara Falls 15 Outer Park System Idea 15 Park Problem, A Chicago 168 Park Superintendents in Convention 68 Petty Pilfering 146 Politics in Chicago Parks 86 Parks, The People’s 190 Playgrounds Congress 46 Public School, The, as a Social Center 214 Railroads and the Timber Supply... 46 River Frontage, Improve the 106 Roads, Good, and Waterways 168 Society of American Florists 106 Springfield, Mass., Cemetery, New Crematory at 205 State Parks 33 Statuary, Public, Caring for 68 “Survey”, The 15 Trees in Chicago 15 Vandalism, A Remarkable Case of . .1 Way of the Reformer 46 F Fertilizers, Chemical Value of 26, 43 ♦Floral Globe, Remarkable in St. Louis 73 Forester or Tree Warden? 152 Forestry, City, In Chicago, Birth of :.221 ♦Freak Monuments 62, 163 G ♦German Exhibit of Cemetery Art in Berlin 119 ♦Grading Work, New Invention for 162 ♦Greenwood’s New Receiving Vault, Brooklyn 96 Gardens and Landscape Gardening Bedding vs. Shrubbery on Station Grounds 115 ♦Cemetery, The Making of a Mod- ern Lawn 55 ♦City Planning, What is Needed in.. 74 ♦Daphne Cneorum in Swan Point Cemetery 63 Individuality in Gardens, How to Secure 113 Landscape Design and Construc- tion, Education in 133 ♦Landscape Plan for a Residence Town .113 Landscape Gardening, School of. .198 ♦Landscape Pictures in Woodlawn Cemetery 44 Landscape Design, Some General Principles of 197 By raising the staples this index can be readily removed for insertion in proper place for binding *Landscape Design in Public Parks. .50 Landscape Architecture, American, A Survey of 155, 179 Nature and Art in Park Making... Ill *Planting Plan, An Unusual 43 *Plan for Neighborhood Park 90 *San Diego, City Plan for 8 *Seattle Exposition, Landscape Beauties of 87 Seattle Exposition, Landscape Art in 131 H *Holly, The Decorative Value of *Homewood Cemetery Improve- ments, Pittsburg 97 ^Indianapolis, New Bridges and Park Plans for 171 Indiana’s New Cemetery Law ...206 Insecticide Bill, Pure 168, Landscape Architecture, A Survey of 155, 179 *Landscape Plan for a Residence Town 113 Landscape Design and Construc- tion, Education in 133 Landscape Design, Some General Principles of 197 Landscape Gardening, School of . . . .198 ^Lincoln Park, Chicago, New Refec- tory in 6 *Lincoln Park, Chicago, An Era of Extension in 47 Legal Decisions 50, 56, 82, 98, 121, 160, 206, 214 *Madison, Parks and Civic Spirit at 69 *Mason City, la.. Park, Plan for .... 132 Mausoleums, Maintenance of . . . .60, 143 Metal on Monuments 161 ^Minneapolis Parks, Busy Year’s Work in 34 *Metropolitan Park System, Build- ing a Great 215 *Moths, Gypsy and Brown Tail, ‘Fighting 219 Mountain Drive, A Unique 18 *Mount Royal Park, Proposed Im- provement for Ill ’i'Muir Woods, California’s New Big Tree Park 196 Monuments, Fountains, Mausoleums ’’■Baltimore Soldiers’ Monument ....200 ^Better Class of Cemetery Monu- ments 61, 100 ’•'Chicago’s Park Sculpture Show . .. .127 ’•'Freak Monuments 62, 163 ’•■'Headstones, Cement, Making 60 Lincoln Memorial Proposed at Hodgenville, Ky 1 ’•'Mausoleum or Receiving Vault, Design for 207 ’•‘Mausoleums for Rent in Phila- delphia Cemetery 203 Mausoleums, Maintenance of . . . .60, 143 ’•'Memorial Freaks and Sculptured Feats 62 Metal on Monuments 161 ’•'New Monumental Reliefs by Dan- iel C. French 76 ’•‘Public Drinking Fountains in New York 91 ’•'Sculptured Fountain, Fine 116 ’•'Season’s Unveilings, The 76 ’•'Sculptured Fountain for a Cem- etery 161 N Nature and Art in Park Making. ..Ill Natural Features of Park Sites, De- veloping 195 ’•‘Newark Tree Commission, Work of. 94 ’•‘New York, Public Drinking Foun- tains in 91 New York City, Cemeteries of ...144 ’•'North Side Cemetery, Butler, Pa... 99 O ’"Oil and the Road Maintenance Problem 73 ’•'Oklahoma City, Unique Park and Boulevard System for 38 Obituary Barkey, Peter IX, June 09 Benson, Olaf 124 Ostertag, George W VI, Jan. 1910 ’•‘Root, Louis B 187 Stiles, Chas. A VIII, Apr. 09 Thorpe, John V. Aug. 09 Upham, H. P IX, June 09 P ’•‘Pavilion for Winnipeg Park 53 ’•‘Pensacola Plans a Complete Park System 198 ’•'Plan, the First Need of a Cemetery 159 Plants, a Beautiful Group of 131 Playground Idea, Growth of 112 ’•‘Providence, R. I., Park System of 16, 215 Parks ’•‘Animal Sculpture, Remarkable in New York Zoo 40 Buffalo, Park and Forestry Work in 169 Caring for the Park Trees 89 Cement Surfaces, Painting of 154 ’•‘Developing a Great Metropolitan Park System 215 ’•'Chicago South Parks, Construction in 2 ’•‘Chicago’s Park Sculpture Show . . . .127 City Planning, Parks and Street Trees in 192 Developing Natural Features of Park Sites 195 ’•‘Fountains, Handsome Sculptured. .. .22 ’•‘Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Improving 89 ’•‘Gypsy and Brown Tail Moths, Fighting ’•‘Indianapolis, New Bridges and Park Plans for 171 Landscape Design in Public Parks. .50 ’•‘Lincoln Park, Chicago, An Era of Extension in 47 ’•‘Lincoln Park, Chicago, New Refec- tory in 6 ’•‘Madison, Wis., Parks and Civic Spirit at 69 ’•‘Mason City, la.. Park Plan for 132 ’•‘Minneapolis Parks, Busy Year’s Work in 34 ’“Mountain Drive, A Unique 16 ’•’Mount Royal Park, Proposed Im- provement for Ill ’•'Monumental Entrances to a Brook- lyn Park 6 ’•'Neighborhood Park, Plan for, Spo- kane, Wash ■ 90 ’“Oil and the Road Maintenance Problem 73 ’“Oklahoma City, Unique Park and Boulevard System for 38 *Pensacola Plans a Complete Park System 198 Playground Idea, Growth of 112 ’“Providence, R. I,, Parks of ....16, 215 Road Tarring in Paris Parks 93 Shore Fronts, Protection of 39 Small Town, How it Built a Park System 178 Soil Question, The 10 Tar for the Surface Treatment of Roads 150 *Tarvia for Parks and Cemeteries . .152 ’“Tarvia, Uses of the Different Va- rieties of 110 ’“Tarvia, New Testimony on 53 Teaching People to Know the Parks 90 ’“Transforming an Old Cemetery Into a Park 42 Water Front Development, Use and Beauty in 191 ■■“Winnipeg Park, Pavilion for 53 ’“Wisconsin’s Proposed State Parks 19 Woodlands, Park, Converting Them Into Groves New Parks and Improvements 24, 41, 54, 75, 95, 116, 136, 158, 181, 200, 223. Park News 7, 24, 41, 54, 75, 116, 136, 158, 181, 200, 223 Road Tarring in Paris Parks 93 *Roseland Park Cemetery, Detroit, Entrance to 204 S *San Diego, City Plan for 8 Seattle Exposition, Landscape Art in 131 ^Seattle Exposition, Landscape Beauties of ' 87 *Shade Trees, Model Work for at East Orange, N. J 147 Shore Fronts, Protection of 39 Small Town, How it Built a Park System 178 *Small City Cemetery, A Well-kept 183 Street Trees, Municipal Control of 153 Street Tree Planting Laws 157 Soil Question for Parks and Cem- eteries 10 *Spring Grove’s Famous Swans ....99 T Tar for the Surface Treatment of Roads 150 "’’Tarvia, New Testimony on 53 ^Tarvia, Uses of the Different Va- rieties of 110 ’'‘Tarvia in Parks and Cemeteries ...151 Trees, Shrubs and Plants Aronias as Ornamental Shrubs ....114 Bedding vs Shrubbery on Station Grounds 115 Botanical Gardens, Grouping of . . . .135 Caring for the Park Trees 89 ^Chicago’s Fall Flower Show 153 Clematis, The Upright Growing, Use of 199 *Colorado Blue Spruce, A Pioneer. .93 Forester or Tree Warden? 153 ’■‘Gypsy and Brown Tail Moth, Fighting 219 ’^‘Hollies, The Decorative Use of... 222 ‘'"Muir Woods, California’s New Big Tree Park 196 Park Woodlands, Converting Them Into Groves 330 Plants, A Beautiful Group of ....131 ’^‘Shade Trees, Model Work for at East Orange, N. J 147 Street Trees, Municipal Control of 154 Street Tree Planting Laws 157 Street Trees and Parks in City Planning 192 w Water Front Development, Use and Beauty in 191 ’’■'Wisconsin’s Four Proposed State Parks 19 ’’’Woodlawn, New York’s Highly Developed Cemetery 30 Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-OfBce at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St,, Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 1. MARCH 1909 Subscription -| Foreign, $1.25 ( Canada, $1.25 UNIQUE GRANITE COLUMNS AT ENTRANCE TO PROSPECT PARK. BROOKLYN, N, T. HERE are more Genuine Philadel- phia Mowers in use at Parks, Cem- eteries and Public Grounds throughout the United States than any others made. style “A” is a superior Mower in all points, being made entirely of steel, is much lighter in weight and draft. Having long and large bearings is more durable and its construction perfect for fine work. The Most Popular Mower Made “Style E” excels all others of this style mower. It has removable box caps to take out the cutting cylinder without disturbing the frame and is easy to sharpen or repair. In construction it is sim- ple, light draft and durable. The Eagle Horse Mower is made especially for Parks, Cemeteries, Golf Links and Public Grounds. Having large driving rollers with five blade cutting cylinder it does the finest of work. All Genuine Philadel-phia Laivn Mowers Are Guaranteed to Give Satisfaction The Philadelphia Lawn >Iower Co. 3101-3109 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE PARK AND CEMETERY. VII ESTABLISHED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parks, Cemeteries, Public and Private Grounds Published on the 15tb of the Month by R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago EDITORS John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription. $1.00 a Year. \ g°[fada.' A Comprehensive Plan for the Im- provement of San Diego, by John Nolen, Landscape architect, of Cambridge, Mass., is all its name implies, and is noticed on another page. Reports of similar scope have recently been pre-i pared by Charles Mulford Robinson for Ridgewood, N. J., and Cedar Rap- ids, la. We expect to give more extended space to these reports in a later issue. The Worcester County Horticultur- al Society, of Worcester, Mass., holds an interesting series of twelve meet- ings during the winter for discussion of a wide variety of topics connected with horticulture. The Society owns a four-story building with a well equipped library, assembly hall, ban- quet rooms, and other conveniences for members. George C. Rice is president of the society and Adin A. Hixon secretary. The Massachusetts Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Amherst, Mass., has issued in Bulletin No. 125 a valuable manual on shade trees that will be of much use to any one interested in the care of trees. It includes illus- trated discussions on every problem concerned with shade trees, by such experts as Prof. George E. Stone, E. A. Start and H. T. Fernald. “The Peony” is the title of Bulletin 259 of the Cornell Agricultural Ex- perimental Station, Ithaca, N. Y. It is a complete illustrated manual by J. Eliot Coit, formerly of this college, but now Professor of Horticulture at the Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion at Tucson, Ariz., who has been in charge of the peony studies conducted for the American Peony Society. The annual report of the Massachu- setts Civic League contains reports of the officers and of committees on Bill- boards, Drunkenness, Plousing, Play- grounds, Probation, Town Room and Village Improvement. Edward T. Hartman, 3 Joy St., Boston, is secre- tary. Elmhurst, the new modern ceme- tery of Joliet, 111., has issued a de- AN Y kind of a drive or walkcan be freed from weeds for 2 years and its conditions otherwise improved by one application of the weed extermin- ator. “HERBICIDE” It will not injure steel, iron marble or stone. Needs only a watering cart to apply. One 48 gallon cask, costing $35.00, will clear 34 -mile of roadway, 18 feet wide. Just mix with water and apply. Its results are absolutely certain and lasting. Quicker, surer, cheaper and more lasting than any imitation. Its record proves > its value. Witness this letter: ‘‘We tried the ke^ of “HERBICIDE’ seiit us and are so vjell pleased with it that we zvill now use it in good earnest. Please send two barrels as soon as possibled^ FHED W, WIESE, Sec’y. Eordentozun Cemetery Assn., Bordentown, N. J. You need it. Send for particulars and discounts on 5 and 10 barrel lots: Can be secured only di- rect from us. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. Arsenate of Lead goes further than Paris Green because it sticks to the ieaves. TARGET BRAND goes fur- ther than other lead and is therefore cheaper. “Target Brand,” box72c, Martinsburg. W. Va. HOPEDALE NURSERIES.Hopedale.Ill. Silver Maple, I.inden, Ash, Birch, Box Elder. Evergreens in variety: “ Pussy” Willow, Af. Tamarix, Jap Quinces, Spireas and Syringas; Chinese Trailing Honeysuckle, Wistarias and other vines. A general line of ornamentals. Also seedlings and small stock. All of above nursery grown. We also collect tons of tree seeds, millions of native trees, shrubs, bulbs, ferns, orchids and hardy perennials from their native haunts. Let us figure on your -wants. GANNAS strong, dormant roots, 3 eyes and more, true to name Crimson Shades Doz. 100. 1000. A- Bouvier, 5 ft 35c $2.25 $20.00 A.lice Roosevelt, 4 ft. . 50c 3.50 30.00 Beaute Poitevine, 3 ft. .35c 2.25 20.00 Black Prince, 3 to 4 ft... 50c 2.75 25.00 Charles Henderson, 4 ft. .30c 2.25 20.00 Crimson Bedder, 3 ft 30c 2.00 17.50 Duke of Marlborough, iV2 ft . ... 35c 2.25 20.00 J. D. Eisele, 5 ft 35c 2.25 20.00 Explorateur Crampbel, 5V2 ft 30c 1.75 15.00 Express, 2 to 2% ft.. 60c 4.50 40.00 Flamingo, 4^ ft . . . .30c 2.00 17.50 Pres. McKinley. 2% to 3 ft 2.25 20.00 Pink Shades L. Patry, ft 35c 2.25 20.00 Luray, 3 ft 35c 2.25 20.00 Louise 45c 3.50 25.00 Martha Washington, 2V2 . . . .75c 5.00 Mile. Berat, 4^^ ft... 35c 2.25 20.00 . ... 50c .3. no Orange Shades President Cleveland.. . . . .35c 2.25 20.00 Red, Gold-Edged and Spotted Gladiator, 4 ft 50c 2.75 25.00 Cinnabar, 4^ ft.... 30 c 2.00 17.50 Queen Charlotte, stately habit 30c 2.00 17.50 Mme. Crozy, 6% ft. 35c 2.25 20.00 Premier, 2^ ft 30c 2.00 17.50 Souv. de A. Crozy, 4 ft. . .50c 4.00 3 5.00 Yellow Shades Buttercup, ZVz ft... 40c 2.75 25.00 Comte de Bouchard, 4^ ft. 30c 2.00 17.50 Florence Vaughan, 5 ft. .50c 2.75 25.00 L. E. Bailey, 4 Vs ft. 30c 2.00 17.50 White Shades Alsace, ZVz ft 30c 1.75 15.00 Bronze- Leaved Brandyw'ine, 4 to 5 ft.... 50c 4.00 35.00 Black Beauty, true, 5 ft. .60c 4.50 40.00 David Harum, ZVz ft. , . . . . 5 Oc 2.75 25.00 Egandale, 4 ft 35c 2.25 20.00 King Humbert, 4 ft. . . . .$1.00 8.00 75.00 Leonard Vaughan, AVz ft. 35c 2.25 20.00 Musafolia, 6 ft 35c 2.25 20.00 Philadelphia, 5 ft. . . . 75c 4.00 30.00 Papa Nardy, iVz ft. . 30c 2.00 17.50 Pillar of Fire, 6 to 7 ft. .75c 4.50 40.00 Robusta. 6 to 8 ft. . . 30c 1.75 15.00 Shenandoah, 6 ft. . . . 30c 1.75 15.00 Orchid Flowering Allemania. 4 to 5 ft.. 35c 2.25 20.00 Austria, 5 ft 30c 1.75 15.00 Italia, 4y2 ft 30c 2.00 17.50 Kronus, 5 ft 30c 1.75 15.00 Mrs. Kate Gray. 6 ft. 30c 2.00 17.50 Pennsylvania, 5 ft. . . 35c 2.25 20.00 All above cannas packed 250 in a case. Full case at 1000 rate, 25 at 100 rate. For full descriptions see our catalogue, which is free. Caladium Esculentum (Elephant’s Ear.) Doz. .100. 1000: Bulbs measuring 6 to 8 in. .25c $1.50 $’10.00 Bulbs measuring 8 to 10 in. 50c 3.50 30.00 Bulbs measuring 10 to 12 in 75c 5.50 50.00 Bulbs measuring 12 to 13 in'. $1.00 8.00 75.00 Monster bulbs, measuring 12 in. and upward in circumference, $1.50 doz.; $12.00 100. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 342 W. 14th St., New York City VIII PARK AND CEMETERY. t WHY NOT LET IIOWAI?)EVAR!SWEED LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT ' DESIGN AND EXECUTE PLANS FOR YOUR_. PARKS. CEMETERIES HOME GROUNDS ? iNTERESmC BWKLETSyAEQOBSr izisR^lway Exchange^ CHIC AG O E - SID. J. HARE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY. MO. 3224 Campbell Street Artistic and Practical Designs for PARK and CEMETERY BRIDGES From a sand beach to a source of permanent pleasure and comfort in a few months. Cemeteries, parks and private estates handled in all details so as to produce quick, pleasing and lasting results. Write, giving particu- lars. Booklet free. H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect ROCKFORD, ILL. Austin Reversible Rollers Distinctive features A.nti-friction roller bearings. Large Diameter R.eversible. Perfect balance. 'Weig'Kt can be added witbout altering' proper balance or adding pressure to bearings. Five sizes. Eighteen different weig'Kts. Write _f or rated Catalogue o_f SprinKJer^, SPueepers apd Earth Handling Machinery, THE AUSTIN - WESTERN GO., LTD. CHICAGO ILLINOIS Standard designs tor rein- forced concrete highway bridges under 50 foot span. References and terms on re- quest. WILBUR J. WATSON Mem. Am. 800. 0. E. Expert Bridge Engineer Citizens Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Desi^sor full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds, Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. V I the g Made on Moulding Machine, Pat. Aug. 13, 1901, and Tamping Machine, Pat. July 28,1903. Portland Cement Grave and Lot Markers. Made 3 inch, 3}4 inch, 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks Nearly white in color and practically ever- t tt ^ i i lasting. For circulars and prices, Address L/60. (j. ld.d.3.SC, 03.K. Fa.rK, 111, OVER 200 DESIGNS The Stewart Iron Works Co. Cincinnati, 0. '"'‘Largest maktrs of Iron Fence in the -world'* PARK AND CEMETERY. IX scriptive booklet giving rules and in- formation and a map of the grounds. A plan of the grounds accompanies the book and it is announced that S. Lollesgard, formerly landscape archi- tect in the service of Graceland Ceme- tery, Chicago, has been engaged for a period of 24 years to lay out the grounds on this plan. After the i)er- iod of development, Mir. Lollesgard will be retained as permanent super- intendent. John B. Mount is presi- dent of the company and Joseph W. Campbell secretary. Brookville Cemetery, Brookville, Pa., sends a well-printed book of rules, information, forms of gifts, be- quests, etc., and other matter for the guidance of lot owners. George W. Heber is secretary and general man- ager. The Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me., is now mailing Bulletin No. 162 containing an account of the more important insects found in the state during 1908. RAILROAD GARDENERS TO MEET IN PHILADELPHIA The executive committee of the American Association of Railroad Gardeners recently held a meeting in Chicago and selected Philadelphia for the next annual convention, to be held in August. After the meeting a week’s trip of inspection of the principal railroad station grounds in the vicinity of Philadelphia, New York and Boston will be made. All bona fide employees in the gar- dening department of North American railroads are eligible to membership, and should communicate with Secre- tary George B. Moulder, in care of the Illinois Central, Park Row, Chi- cago. The association, organized but a year ago, has accomplished a great deal by united efforts, and are very much encouraged at the outlook. Carl Hirsch, Hillsdale, Mich., of the RESERVOIR IRON VASES, ^and fLAWN SETTEES Manufactured by McDonald Brothers ■jMMliilL 108-114 Liberty St. COLUMBC OHIO ^ * ilili Hto jbKL ilH Send for Catalogue I have thousands of specimens, transplanted recently for spring ship- ments. My prices are low. Catalogs and full information. Harlan P. Kelsey OWNER Salem :: Mass. PARK AND CEMETERY offi- cials are now using Hardy American Plants for their most permanent large plantings. Highlands Nurs- ery in the high Carolina moun- tains grows them by the million. Hemlocks and White Pines Rhodode7idr on cataivbieiise {true species') groiv- ing m the Carolina fnountams. Hardiest and most beautifully foliaged species knovjn. Shrubs, and Hardy Plants, Rhodo- I dendron Maximum All Sizes Per Car, ■ Hardy Hybrid Rhododendrons Per 1000. Everything for Parks, Cemeteries and Private Estate. Good Quality. Reasonable Prices. American Nurseries: Flushing, Long Island and Springfield, N. J. Nursery Company Sales Dept. 150 Broadway NEW YORK Gardeners and Superintendents Send for this Green- house Book. It is the latest information on up-to-date, scientific greenhouse building. LORD and BURNHAM CO. 1133 Broadway, NEW YORK X PARK AND CEMETERY. **^erticaV* Lawn Edger For over fifty years GRANITE STATE" field and lawn mowers have led the way. Our guarantee means something! Send — now — for the Vertical" on approval, if you desire. Ask for Catalogue ''T)" and special prices to park associations and cemeteries. For picking up the overhanging grass clinging to curbs and side- walks, You have tried it with shears — now try our way. It takes the grass our lawn mowers and ** Capitol" Trimmer leaves. Figure out Tphat it iPill save you. The Trade Mark Granite State guarantees its quality Basic patents in all foreign countries and patents allowed and pending in the U. S. The Granite State Mowing Machine Company Hinsdale, New Hampshire PARK AND C EM E T E R Y. XI Lake Shore, is president of the asso- ciation. PERSONAL Robert J. Gilmore has been elect- ed superintendent of cemeteries of Lowell, Mass., to succeed S. S. May- berry. Mr. Gilmore was formerly in the employ of the freight department of the Boston & Maine Railroad. There were 53 applicants for the posi- tion. George Seymour, of Cleveland, re- cently did some important work in moving large trees in Elyria, O. Mr. Seymour has been doing this work for sixteen years, and reports a smaller percentage of loss than when he was in the nursery business, selling smalt trees. He recently handled a hundred trees for New York City, the smallest of which was six inches in diameter, with a loss^ of only nine trees. J. A. Weeks has been appointed sexton of Crown Hill Cemetery, Ex- celsior Springs, Mo. Theodore W. Danforth was recently appointed Tree Warden of Gardner, Mass. John F. Barrett, for many years su- perintendent of Wooster Cemetery, O., has resigned on account of ill health. His successor has not yet been named. Edwin D. Marsh has been elected superintendent of Amherst Cemetery, Amherst, Mass. PARK IMPROVEMENTS {Concluded y^roin Page 7) Max Pfaender, nurseryman and landscape gardener of New Ulm, Minn., has prepared plans for the im- provement of a six-acre park at Tracy, Minn., which is to be planted and improved this spring. The Joint Improvement Association BEAUTIFY HOME GROUNDS With Hardy Perennials or Old-Fashioned Flowers J. T. Lovett, 1?? Little Silver, N. J. Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Col- umbines, Hollyhocks.Fox- gloves, Canterbury Bells, Chrysanthemum's, P o p - pies. Asters, Daisies, Day Lilies, Anemones, Pinks, Sweet Williams, etc. Over 1000 varieties to select from. Once planted al- ways planted; increasing in beauty from year to year and require no added cost with but little care. They yield an abundant supply of choice cut flow- ers for the house as well as embellish the garden and lawn from early spring until late autumn. My catalog of Hardy Pe- rennial Plants, Shrubsand Vines is a beautiful book of 70 pages. It gives full cultural instructions and low prices, is copiously il- lustrated and mailed free. The finest and most helpful catalog of the kind ever published In America %or Cemeteries and Parks The Best Made The Reservoir supplies the plants with mois- ture by capillary attraction. Not necessary to water plants oftener than once in ten days. We make nearly 100 styles ranging in price from $6.00 to $100.00 each. None better made. Send for catalogue. Walbrid^e (SI Company, The Original Patentees and Makers Buffalo, N. Y. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of g'oeds. Baker Bros. & Co. Tiflan, 0. Gladiolus Brenchleyensis THE BEST SCARLET GLADIOLUS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING Fine, healthy bulbs, true imported stock: Per 1000, $10.00 Per 10,000, $80.00 O. V. ZANGEN, Seedsman HOBOKEN, N. J. YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when yon write. XII PARK AND C EM ET ERY. Trees for Forest Planting At Attractive Prices White Pine Pitch Pine Scotch Pine Pin Oak Red Oak 4-6 in., 6-12 in., 1-1>^ ft., 2-3 ft., by the lOOO; 4-5 ft., 7-8 ft., by the 100. 2-4 in. seedling's by the 1000. 2 ft. by the 100. 2-3 in. seedlings b3' the 1000. 2 ft. by the 100. 2-4 in. seedlings by the 1000. 4 ft. by the 100. 4 ft. by the 100. Big Shide Trees save 15 to 20 years of your time. Grown 15 to 25 feet apart, broad tops, good roots, safely shipped. Over 1,500 to select from, 20 to 30 feet high. Norway Mapie Siiver Mapie Pin Oak Diam. Ht. Spread Age 2,%" 18’ 6' 13 yr, 5" 22' 10' 18 “ 6" 26' 12' 22 “ 4>^" 22' 10' 12 “ 5" 24' 10' 12 “ 6" 26' 12' 16 “ 6" 24' 12' 15 “ Write for Special Prices Hick’s Patent Tree-Movers and expert crews sent for moving shade trees up to 60 ft. high and 35 feet spread of roots, and evergreen trees up to 35 feet high. Big Evergreens, Pines, Spruce, Fir, Cedar, Hemlock 10 to 30 feet high, shipped from our nursery with large balls of earth. Over 1000 to select from. Usual Sizes of trees, shrubs, vines, hardy flowers of excellent quality at low rates. Send for illustrated catalog showing many landscape problems. ISAAC HICKS SON Westbury Station Long Island New York Vases Settees, Chairs and Window Boxes \p' Largest Manufacturers i in the U. S. Write for Cat. “B” If Interested \ The Kramer Bros. W Foundry Co. DAYTON :: OHIO •• BUFFALO Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER Pins An Entirely Perfected and Practical Steam Roller Write for catalog Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co. - Buffalo, N.Y. C R.I*X 61* S 6^0 Eastern Offices; 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City PARK AND CEMETERY. XIII •of Minneapolis is urging the legisla- ture to authorize a special bond issue of $300,000 to complete important im- provements in the parks, recommend- ed by Superintendent Wirth. The building of canals between Cedar Lake, Lake of the Isles and Lake Cal- houn, and the filling in of swamps at Interlachen are among the improve- ments planned; $100,000 is to be ex- pended for neighborhood parks and playgrounds. Commissioner of Public Works Pond, of Schenectady, N. Y., is soon to advertise for bids for shrubs and plants for the improvement of Cres- cent Park, in that city. The Terwilliger estate has offered to the city of Portland a tract of land a mile and a half long in South Port- land Heights for park purposes. Jens Jensen, superintendent of the West Park System of Chicago, has prepared plans for the development of a new park at Racine, Wis. Part of the appropriation of $20,000 from the government for the com- pletion of the new bridge to connect St. Paul with Fort Snelling will be used for the construction of ap- proaches, including a small park on the St. Paul side of the Mississippi. FROM THE PARK REPORTS D. D. England, superintendent of parks at Victoria, B. C., tells in his first annual report of the construction of five miles of boulevards at a cost of $9,000, and a total expenditure of $21,400. Twenty thousand square yards of land in Beacon Hill Park have been parked and the mainte- nance cost in this park greatly reduced without sacrificing anything in efficiency. Mr. England is preparing a plan for a continuous boulevard sys- tem to connect the different parks, and recommends the puddling of the laxes and other extensive rehabilitation in It you are In want of anythlnir tor ORCHARD, VINEYARD, LAWN, PARK, OR GREENHOUSE why not patronize the old. reliable, up-to-date S. & H. Co., who have made a specialty of dealing direct with planters for over half a century ? Seeds, Bulbs, Roses, Vines, mail size Shrubs and Trees post- paid. Safe arrival and sat- isfaction guaranteed. Im- mense stock of SUPERB CANVAS, the queen of bedding plants. Catalog No. 1, 112 pages, FREE to buyers of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees. No. 2, 168 pages, to buyers of Seeds, Bulbs, Roses, Ferns, Palms and greenhouse dants in general. Try us. We will give you a square leal. 65 years. 44 greenhouses. 1200 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 108, PAINESVILLE, OHIO STREET, GARDEN TREES and SHRUBS of VALUE Nursery Stock that is acclimated to the Northwest is of value to the planter. It contains more vitality, has more and better roots. We make a specialty of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, etc., for Parks and Cemeteries. If you are interested write for our Wholesale Price List and Illustrated Catalogue. Our Landscape Department is at your service. If you intend making any improvement you should consult with us. Comas Siberica Alba — Red T. 4, 1906. Gentlemen— In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as Its neat appearance when In use, I wish to state that In the cemeteries under my charge we have nine of your Devices in use and used them at least 3,600 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen thebrake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. A Iso manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device. The efitire iveight of device 75 founds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mlcb. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen— I desire to say that I do not see where it would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time (all your make) and out of three thousand interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, IMich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio. John MarsellusMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Cal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co.. Los Angeles, Cal. PARK AND CEMETERY. XVII The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentees & M’f’rs, Thorntown, Ind. Ask for Circulars No. C and D CLASSIFIED ADS lo cents a line each insertion : 6 words to a line: minimum Price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY, NEW ENGLAND GROWN Plants. A general line of nursery stock adapted to cemetery or home grounds. Evergreens and Rhododendrons In specimens — several times transplanted. Send for catalog. The Bay State Nurseries, North Ablngton, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS: Strong well -grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, FiskevlUe, R. I. Landscape Architects F. E. PEASE, LANDSCAPE GARDEN- E!R, Des Moines, la. Parks, home grounds, residential subdivisions and lawn plan cemeteries. Correspondence Invited. TREE T TREE CURRANT GOOSEBERRY I NOVELTIES THOHDUGIUY TESTED These novelties ore new but they have been thoroughly tested and w e commend them as being worthy of a rial by ourcustomeia These trees are bud- ded'on very hardy stems about 6 or 6 ' feet high, of the Ribes family, to which the Currant and Gooseberry belong. Just as faurdy as ' ' In the ordinaiv way or growing ^ them from the bush. Wlli do well wherever . _rrante and Gooseberries grow. They have been prop- agate for years in Europe and Are In Almost Every Garden You will find the berries on the trees larger and sweeter, and of course easier to pick than from the ordinary bush. Very ornamental in garden, lawn or along walks. Our catalog gives Toll de- la prices. — " --- -- - - - - - soriptlon and . write for it today. Mailed free. We carry a complete line of best Nursery fitcck and Seeds. WANTS 6 MORE Chicago, ni. “The Tree Currant received from you has dons very well; it Is a great ornament siiii something quite out of FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry* s 7^£S Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at . reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata- logue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES ESTtlLISHED 1840 Box W , Rochester. N. Y. Guaranteed Nursery Stock CHOICE TREES, CONIFERS RHODODENDRONS, ETC. for Parks and Cemeteries Write for Fricee P. HAMILTON GOODSELL Nurseryman and Landscape Contractor 200 Broadway, New York City Phone 5617 Cort. 5000 Cannas, moss rooted, in 6 good varieties. Allemania, KaterOray, Pennsyl- vania, Chicago, Mary Washington, Chas. Henderson— $5.00 per 100. 5000 Vincas Variegated 2,34-inch at $2. 50 -$5.00. $IOrOO per 100. Send for prices on ferns and general green- house and bedding stock. West End Green houses, SchmalzI&Hembreikar, Lincoln, III, I WANTED I POSITION WANTED — Head gardner or superintendent, public or private; compe- tent landscape artist and florist and ex- perienced in greenhouse management and handling men with best results; English: married, no children; diploma and- silver medal; Canada or North; six years in last position; A1 references: industrious; tem- perate. Address W. F. J., 107 27th Ave., North, Nashville, Tenn. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. The Lawns of Old England Are famous for their wonderful perfection and durability. Such lawns may be produced in this country if Imported English Lawn Grass Seed is used. No weed seeds or coarse grasses. Hardy and beauti- ful in color and texture. Send for directions— How to Seed and Keep a Beautiful English Lawn. Free. Blatchford’s Agricultural Works, Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, III. Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 TOWSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knives All Our Hand Mowers are Ball Bearing SENT ON THEIR MERITS Waite for Catalog S. P. Townsend Co. ORANGE, N. J. Durfec Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 diSEerent sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowerintf Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids* MicHi^an The American Motor Road Roller is made in 7 = lo = 12 - 15 ton sizes It is made to withstand every day hard service of the road. Its moving parts are fewer and stronger and its bearings more ample than any other roller, therefore its life is longer. It negotiates any hill where road wheels can get a foothold. It is always under control be- cause ONE LEVER controls the ENTIRE MACHINE. It is the most elastic roller in power and capacity for work, because it has two positive gear speeds. Portion of the hill in this photo- graph was over 20% grade. The roller easily negotiated it and even stopped, reversed and restarted on the steepest por- tion without the least trouble. WRITE FOR CATALOaUE AND TESTIMONIALS THE AUSTIN- WESTERN COMPANY, LTD. - - - CHICAGO Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J, Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 2. APRIL, 1909 Subscription I $1.00 Per Year -i Foreign, $1.25 (Canada, $1.25 ■.as-* - ONE OF THE BETTER CLASS OP CEMETERY MONUMENTS. CROWN HILL CEMKTERY, INDIANAPOLIS. (See e XVII.) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE W.&T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N.Y. Send for our landscape architect who WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN will furnish designs and show you Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, how, where, when and what to plant Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIRIIATES FURNISHED 700 AerM All Kinds If TREES AND SHRUBS SEEDS for Sale at reasonable prices, also collected Kalmlas, Rhodadendrons, Ferns and Hardy Perennials In any quantity. Ask for price list — free. F. M. CRAYTON & SONS, Boi 393, BILTMORE, N. C. The Kelly - Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog SF»ECI7V\EN E VEROREEINS LARGE ASSORTMENT, All lifting' tvith good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity. ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. HYDRANGEA QUERCIFOLIA I offer a limited stock of strong plants of this most de- sirable shrub. My assortment includes many other things. My E'yergreens are grown for specimens. Shade Trees too. Write for catalogue. HIRAM T. JONES Union County Nurseries ELIZABETH, N. J SHRUBS Big, heavy bushes of thrifty shrubs; j to ft. high. They’re in splendid condition to transplant. The assortment of varieties is unusually large. Evergreens, Shade Trees and other Nursery Stock of high quality is offered in just as great abundance. It’s worth your while to send us your lists for prices and to ask for our catalogues. Philadelphia Office gth floor, Stephen Girard Bldg. The W. H. Moon Co., Smith St., liorrisville. Pa. LAWN GRASS SEED— BECKERT’S EVERGREEN MIXTUR-E — Florists and Landscape Gardeners desiring a lawn seed that will give them perfect results should use this mixture. Price per bushel of 22 lbs., $3.00. BEST GRADES OF ALL GRASS SEEDS. Write for prices. W. C. BECKERT Allegheny, Pa. Accurate Records of Interments are indispensable to a well-ordered ceme- tery. Specimen pages of record books, in- dexes of interments and lot diagram books sent on application. B. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street, Chicago. Kill the weeds and grass that deface your walks and drives. FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER Original fntroducers of Weed Killing Chemicals. Beware of cheap fmitaiions. No Failures. Thirteen Fears' Experience. Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY. Does not spoil the appearance of the walks or drives. Kills the weeds and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean. EXAMINE THIS ^ barrel of 5o gals, will make 25oo gals, of liquid ready to apply to the roadway, covering 75oo Sq. Yds. of surface, TABLE OF COST: and costing LESS THAN 2 CTS. A GALLON TO PUT OH. THE OLD METHOD of hoeing out weeds and grass is too costly. TRY OUR WAY and you will never be content with any other. Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN or direct to FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY, Only Makers, N. W. Cor. Broad & Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Thirteenth Tear of Successful Weed Killing Also makers of the celebrated Fairmount San fose Scale Killer. PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill THE GENUINE PHILADELPHIA L*WN MOWERS Will do more work and better work than any lawn mowers made Style K For all round general purposes is one of our best style mowers. 10 inch high wheels, it runs light; has five knives and it cuts smooth and even. This is a very popular mower. It always gives satisfaction. The Genuine (Philadelphia Mowers are Standard Mowers the World over. In construction the Knife Bar is set close to the ground to insure a close cut, and with its six blades leaves a fine smooth lawn. The Eagle Horse Mower is made especially for Parks, Cemeteries, Golf Links and Public Grounds. Having large driving rollers with five blade cutting cylinder it does the finest of work. style Golf. A favorite on the Links. 10 inch Wheels, 6 or 8 Blade Cylin- der, Train of Three Gears, making both wheels drivers. This Mower with the Eagle Horse Mower makes a complete outfit for Golf Links. All Genuine Philadelphia Laivn Mowers Are (Guaranteed to Give Satisfaction The Philadelphia Lawn IMower Co. 3101-3109 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE IV PARK AND CEMETERY. Plants for Particular Planters ^ By that we mean for those who want results and who have no time for the ordinary, cheap (?) grade of nursery stock. We emphasize with the conviction of over half a century’s plant growing experience that it pays to insist on planting the highest grade of stock . ^ To grow this class of plants is our aim. Of course, it means the expense of cultivating, fertilizing and other necessary treatment but this cost is insignificant compared with the in- creased satisfaction-giving value. ^ We have the quality, the assortment, the shipping facilities and believe that every planter should at least investigate the value of our service. Ask for our new spring catalogue. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Highest Grade Hardy Ornamental Plants Dresher Box X Penna. GRASS SEED We make a specialty of Grass Seed for all loca- tions and all purposes. For Lawns, Cemeteries, Parks, Golf Links, Polo Grounds, Pasture Mixtures for hay, grazing, and permanent pas- tures. For shady, sunny, sandy, and swampy places. Wholesale catalogue of Seeds and Bulbs mailed on request STUMPP& WALTER CO. so BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK Trees for Forest Planting At Attractive Prices White Pine Pitch Pine Scotch Pine Pin Oak Red Oak 4-6 in., 6-12 in., 1-1>^ ft., 2-3 ft., by the lOOO; 4-5 ft., 7-8 ft., by the 100. 2-4 in. seedlings by the 1000. 2 ft. by the 100. 2-3 in. seedlings by the 1000. 2 ft. by the 100. 2-4 in. seedlings by the 1000. 4 ft. by the 100. 4 ft. by the 100. Big Sbtde Trees save 15 to 20 years of your time. Grown 15 to 25 feet apart, broad tops, good roots, safely shipped. Over 1,600 to select from, 20 to 30 feet high. Ncrway Mapie Siiver Mapie Pin Oak Diam. Ht. Spread Age 3>^'' 18' 6' 13 yr. 1 5" 22' 10' 18 “ 1 Write 6" 26' 12' 22 i t for 4>^" 5" 22' 24' 10' 10' 12 12 (4 ' 4 4 j Special 6" 26' 12' 16 “ Prices 6" 24' 12' 15 “ J 1 Hicks’ Patent Tree-Movers and expert crews sent for moving shade trees up to 60 ft. high and 35 feet spread of roots, and evergreen trees up to 35 feet high. Big Evergreens, Pines, Spruce, Fir, Cedar, Hemlock 10 to 30 feet high, shipped from our nursery with large balls of earth. Over 1000 to select from. Usual Sizes of trees, shrubs, vines, hardy flowers of excellent quality at low rates. Send for illustrated catalog showing many landscape problems. ISAAC HICKS ^ SON Westbury Station Long Island New York “Universal” Lawn Trimmer Cuts every blade of grass left by the Lawn Mower close to Buildings, Fences, Walls, Shrubbery, etc., etc. Dispenses en- tirely with hand Grass Hook. Time saved will pay its cogt in one season, i SELF ADJUSTING BALL BEARINGS Self Sharpening Tension Drawcut Wiper Blades, Hardened lip- ped edge Stationary Knife cutting to of an inch of end of Trimmer, Double Grip Handle on line with Driving Wheel. BLAIR MANUFACTURING CO. SPRINGFIELD, MASS., U. S. A. Patentees and Manufacturers PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX Chicago, April, 1909 No. 2 Chicago Trees Chicago has passed an ordinance providing for a city forester who will take care of the trees under the control and direction of the Special Parks Commission. His duties include the inspection, regulation and encouragement of the preservation, culture and planting of shade and ornamental trees, plants and shrubbery in the streets and public high- ways. The ordinance also gives him control of the trim- ming and general care of all such trees, plants, and shrub- bery; and it also provides that lot owners shall do their share in keeping trees on their lots in proper and safe con- dition. Street trees must be planted at least 25 feet apart and not less than two feet from the sidewalk line. The usual restrictions are imposed subject to fine for non- observance.- Niagara Falls It is gratifying to record that the Burton Bill, enacted some three years ago to regulate the amount of water to be drawn from the Niagara river above the Falls for power purposes, and which would have expired by limitation on June 30 next, has been re-enacted to cover a further term of two years. This it is hoped will end the suspense con- nected with the preservation of the Falls by giving time for the completion of treaty arrangements between Canada and the United States and for any more specific legislation necessary. The American Civic Association handled the matter again in its own vigorous way. Mr. -Burton, chair- man of the Rivers and Harbors committee, a watchful friend of the cause, backed by an insistent public demand, presented a House Joint Resolution, which was passed, notwithstanding the rush of business on the concluding days of the session, under unanimous suspension of the rules. It was sharp work, excellently well conducted and carried through. Ng The Bill Poster Again In response to an energetic protest by a woman prop- erty owner, the City Council of Chicago has been asked by the mayor to prepare an ordinance prohibiting the posting of bills, posters and signs on vacant buildings. On three empty stores awaiting tenants, this lady found that bill- posters had pasted signs, posters, etc., on doors, windows and casings, and during painting operations a bill was act- ually stuck upon a newly painted door. Can any one ima- gine such unwarranted abuse of evOr questionable privi- leges. In her letter to the mayor of Chicago this owner pertinently stated: “You can’t rent shabby property.” Such evidence should help reformation in the billboard nuisance and inspire vigorous action. Ng Ng The Outer Park System Idea A bill was recently introduced into the Delaware legis- lature authorizing the city authorities of Wilmington to acquire land for park purposes within five miles of the city limits, on a two-thirds vote of the City Council to that effect. A law already in existence permitted the acquisi- tion of land for such purposes within two miles of the city limits, on a majority vote of the council, so that the new law is virtually an amendment of the previous act. It af- fords wider powers of purchase with better protection for the citizens, and looks to be wise legislation, in that it increases the opportunities for the purchase of lands on better terms, and thus encourages the securing of park properties for future needs before suburban requirements and speculation limits choice and advances values. There are numbers of cities in nearly every state for rvhich such legislation would be helpful. XC ^ ^ “The Survey” “The Survey,” Social, Charitable, Civic, is- the new title of the journal formerly known as “Charities and the Commons.” In view of the fact that a misconstruction of the scope of the journal was possible and probable under the former title, and in order also to open up a wider field for service to the cause with which it is identified, the publication committee deemed it wise to make the change, which, however, is only in name. “The Survey” stands for thorough study of “conditions as the necessary basis for social progress — the kind of study and of constructive pro- posal for betterment wdiiqh characterized the three issues of its Pittsburg Survey.” It is issued weekly and its work is so broad and intimately associated with the uplifting of humanity measured in terms of the common welfare, that its large subscription list should be a constantly increasing one. Ng Sg The Sunday Funeral The abolishment of the Sunday funeral, which has been a progressive issue in cemetery affairs for some ' years past, will now, in all probability, take another step towards ultimate attainment. A conference is about to be held in Chicago between the clergy, representatives of cemetery and civic organizations, and the Liverymen’s and Under- takers’ associations, with a view to deciding upon a plan by which Sunday funerals may be reduced to the absolute minimum, regulated by the reepurements of the health authorities. This is a much needed reform and widely beneficial. The outcome of the Chicago efforts at supressing or minimizing the practice of Sunday interment, will demon- strate the possibilities of this reform in large cities, -where its gro-w'th has hitherto been slow. If it can be done in Chicago, it can be done any-svhere; Sunday funeral reform- ers will watch with interest the Chicago experiment. Xg Vg vg “Graft in the Graveyard” The fact that a cemetery association has rules regulating the depth of foundations does not, it appears, insure that all foundations put in under the supervision of the ceme- tery superintendents are always in accordance with the rules. That such a thing as graft should enter into the building of foundations for cemetery memorials hardly seems possible, at least in any well-regulated cemetery, and yet assertions are made by those who are in position to know that such a condition actually exists. Complaints are also more frequent than they should be that monument dealers ignore, not only the orders of those in charge, as well as the rules provided for the construction of founda- tions but the ordinary requirements of doing such work properly. This is particularly the case in the smaller cemeteries and we note a growing tendency on the part of the trustees of such grounds to construct all founda- tions themselves, leaving to the dealer only the work of setting the monument itself. Such conditions call not for comment but severe practical condemnation. 16 PARK AND CEMETERY. THE PARK SYSTEM OF PROVIDENCE, R. I. The parks of Providence, R. L, in- clude many places rich in historic as- sociation and picturesque in natural beauty. Roger Williams Park, the largest of the city’s pleasure grounds, contains the cottage built by Nathan- iel Williams in 1773 and willed to the city by Betsey Williams in 1871. Oth- er public structures and service build- Providence has a total park area of .644.38 acres dvided into 33 separate tracts. Those with an area of six acres or more are: Roger Wiliams Park, 432 acres; Blackstone Park, 43.4 acres; Neutaconkanut Hill Park, 40.4 acres; Davis Park, 38.6 acres; Pleasant Valley Parkway, 19.5 acres; Black- stone Boulevard Parkway, 19.4 acres; ers of the lakes has increased very largely, so that on pleasant Sunday afternoons it is not an unusual thing to see one hundred or more canoes- gliding about. Canoe carnivals are held at intervals during the summer and are witnessed by large gather- ings. The park museum is largely visited. LAKE VIEW IN ROGER WILLIAMS PARK, PROVIDENCE, R. I. ings that have been erected from time to time are: A monument by Franklin Simmons, of Rome, consist- ing of a bronze statue of. Roger Wil- liams on a granite peHestal, erected in 1876 at a cost of about $22,000; barn and deer park constructed in 1891 at a cost of $10,973; a menagerie build- ing erected in 1890-91 at a cost of $10,903; a museum erected in 1895 at a cost of $40,528; a Casino was com- pleted in 1898 at a cost of $29,989, and a boat house, sheds and wharf, in 1897, at a cost of $19,530. exter Traning Field, 9 acres; Tock- wotton Park, 6.2 acres. The total as- sessors’ valuation of buildings and grounds in the system is $2,334,498. A great variety of entertainment is furnished to visitors to Roger Wil- liams Park. Band concerts run for a season of ten weeks, beginning about July 1, and a fireworks display is gen- erally given July 4. A flock of South- down sheep grazes in this park and about one hundred ewes are kept through the winter. The use of the canoes on the wat- and has received some substantial do- nations. A systematic campaign is carried on against the gypsy moth. Burlap bands were placed on a large number of trees on the boundaries of the park under the direction of the State Com- missioner. These trees were inspected every two or three days during the season when the caterpillars are doing their work. Roger Williams Park is practically free from this much dread- ed insect, as last season only one cat- erpillar was found under the burlap PARK AND C EM ET ER V. SEEKONK RIVER AT SWAN POINT CEMETERY, PROVIDENCE, R. I., PARK SYSTEM. NEUTACONKANUT HILL AND THE POCASSET VALLEY, 18 PARK AND CEMETERY. THE BROOK, DAVIS PARK, PROVIDENCE, R. I. bands, and on a very thorough exam- nation of the trees after they were free from leaves in the fall only three egg clusters were discovered. During the last season considerable concrete paving was done in the smaller parks, and 24 acres has recent- ly been added to the park system. The work of improving the Pleasant Valley Parkway has been practically completed and planting plans pre- pared by Warren H. Planning of Bos- ton. The commissioners in tlieir last re- port call the attention of the City Council to the small number of play- grounds under the control of the de- partment, no new ones having been opened during the year. There are now under the care of the commis- sioners ten tracts of land suitable for playgrounds, and which can be opened whenever the City Council makes suitable provision for their improve- ment and the erection of the proper athletic apparatus. A resolution has been presented to the City Council asking for the appropriation of a suf- ficient amount to enable the commis- sioners to open two of the tracts re- ferred to. There were three play- grounds maintained during the season from June 1st to September 1st. The commissioners call attention to the inadequate police protection for the parks. Roger Williams Park, contain- ing 430 acres, has only one officer to enforce the city ordinances and keep order. Permission has been given the Rhode Island League of Improve- ment Societies to try an experimental school garden in Roger Williams Park and the construction of a bridle path in Blackstone Park is under consid- eration. Laurel and rhododendrons grow naturally in this soil and it is hoped that it may be possible to do some planting of this kind in the near fu- A picturesque park mountain drive and automobile road has been con- structed to the Summit House of Mount Holyoke in Massachusetts. It is 20 feet wide and one and one-third miles long ,and built almost entirely through solid trap rock. The grade of this road does not exceed 10 per cent at any point, and equals in finish any mountain road in New England. Mount Holyoke is in the towns of Hadley and South Hadley, Mass., about two miles from Mount Plolyoke College, and is about one thousand feet above the sea level. From this ture.' It is also recommended to con- tinue the road bordering the banks of the Seekonk River, past the Butler Hospital and Swan Point Grounds and as far toward the Pawtucket line as possible, with a connection to the upper end of Blackstone Boulevard. This would give a beautiful ride for driving along such picturesque shores as shown in one of our illustrations. The park affairs are administered by Joseph D. Fitts, the superintendent and secretary of the Board, which is composed of Edward F. Ely, Chair- man, Joseph E. C. Farnham and Wil- liam A. Walton. mountain a view is obtained which in extent and beauty is excelled by few mountain landscape views in the world, comprising as it does a clear prospect over one hundred miles in diameter of the famous Connecticut River Valley and over two hundred miles in circumference. Thirty cities and towns lie about the mountain and the beautiful Northampton Meadows, which lie just across the Connecticut River, at its base, add to this most attractive view. Mount Holyoke, like the Catskill Alountains, has had a mountain house A UNIQUE MOUNTAIN DRIVE PARK AND CEMETERY. 19 at its summit for many years, where an immense number of visitors have been entertained during the past cen- tury. Mr. Christopher Clarke of Northampton undertook the organiza- tion of a Mount Holyoke Company, who have bought the mountain prop- erty, and under the skillful engineer- ing and supervision of M. D. Patter- son, city engineer of the City of Northampton, the building of this mountain road has been successfully accomplished. The contractors were the Daniel O’Connell & Sons Com- pany of Holyoke, and this difficult work was accomplished between the months of June and September, 1908. It is intended that other improvements and additional roads will be built by the Mount Holyoke Company in the near future. The building of this road is a great credit to liberal mind- ed citizens who organized this com- pany and have given to the general public an easy means of reaching and enjoying this beautiful view. The building of the road was chiefly due to the efforts of Christopher Clarke of Northampton, one of the charter members of the Board of Trustees of Public Reservations, a corporation chartered in 1891 to acquire and main- tain historic tracts in the state. WISCONSIN’S FOUR PROPOSED STATE PARKS Wisconsin is taking active and practical steps to secure four great state parks, and the recommendations for definite action presented by the State Park Board, and noted in these pages'' last month -are now up to the Legislature. There is' a strong public sentiment’ in favor of acquiring the tracts recommended and it is confi- dently expected that the neces- sary legislation will soon be passed. The Statfe Park Board, in company with Mr. John Nol- en, landscape architect, of Cambridge, Mass., visited and examined the four tracts rec- ommended, The Dells' of the Wisconsin river at Kilbourn, Devil’s Lake near B'araboo, the Penninsula in Door County and the Mississippi and Wis- consin river bluffs in Grant County, and an elaborate illus- trated report by Mr. Nolen is before the Legislature. The following interesting descriptions of the proposed parks embodied in Mr. Nol- en’s report with the accom- panying illustrations will give some idea of the value of Wis- consin’s scenic treasures : In an attempt to outline something like a well bal- anced system of State Parks for Wisconsin it should be kept in mind that the principle has already been accepted and a start already made in the In- terstate Park of the Dalles of the St. Croix. More than a decade ago, by joint action of the legislatures of Wisconsin and Minnesota, a park prop- erty near Taylor Falls, in many respects ideal, was secured and set aside as an Interstate Park. If it were right and good for the State of Wisconsin to INDIAN HEAD, EAGLE BLUFF, DOOR COUNTY, WIS. Characteristic Scenery of Proposed Wisconsin State Park. 20 I ' A A K A i\ D C E M ET E R > secure the Dalles of the St. Croix, how much more reason there was for tak- ing the Dells of the Wisconsin. Indeed, a vote either of the people at large or of park experts could hardly fail to pronounce in favor of the Dells, as Wisconsin's most characteristic and precious pos.session in the form of nat- ural scenery. They are unique. For picturesqueness, romantic scenery, for alternative suggestions of mystery and majesty, the Wisconsin River scenery at the Dells is seldom surpassed. The features of interest are numerous and feet above the present level, it is not easy to say. Will there be sufficient beauty and interest remaining to war- rant the State in making it one of the permanent pleasure grounds of the peo- ple? It is hard to answer this question with confidence and, in view of the un- certainty as to what will remain, as well as its cost, it would probably be wiser to postpone definite action on the Dells, taking steps, however, to pre- vent further damage. When the Wis- consin Power Company finishes its dam at Kilbourn and the level of the railroad, the quarries, and the scars of commonplace summer cottages — Devil’s Lake meets all the requirements of a State Park. The lake itself, half a mile wide and more than a mile in length, is a gem, a characteristic example of Wis- consin’s natural possessions. The bluffs rise impressively from the shores of the lake and afford broad and beautiful views of the Baraboo valley, the refresh- ing and soul-renewing value of which cannot be easily over-estimated. The romantic glens, the rock-walled and wooded hollows, the secluded creeks in Romance Cliff. At .Base of Romance Cliff. CHARACTERISTIC SCENES IN THE DELES OP THE WISCONSIN RIVER. varied — The Narrows, Romance Cliff, Stand Rock, The Navy Yard; these and many other rock features, richly clothed in verdure, surprise and charm the visi- tor at every turn of the river. But after all, these are details and do not consti- tute the main contribution to our joy and refreshment — it is the total scene, the broad appeal of out-door beauty to our emotions, the quickening of our whole life as we move silently through this natural wonderland. But this is what the Dells are today. What they will be when the dam now under con- struction is completed, when the water is raised permanently eighteen to twenty water is raised, the present generation in Wisconsin, acting through the Leg- islature, will have covered forever more of the essential natural beauty of the State than future generations can re- create. Commercial returns to the whole people may perhaps justify this irre- trievable loss. If not, somewhere rests a grave responsibility. Devil’s Lake in Sauk County is, as ev- eryone knows, a most accessible and popular resort, with a great wild forest around it, and fully sufficient in size for State Park purposes. The climate in summer is healthful, if not invigorating. In beauty — barring the ravages of the little valleys, all make their contribu- tion to the pleasure of the visitor. Dev- it’s Lake possesses, too, scientific inter- est— geological, archaeological, botani- cal— that can scarcely be duplicated in Wisconsin. The total area mapped out by the first State Park Commission as representing the property desirable for the State to acquire, was 5,500 acres, which it has been roughly estimated could not be se- cured for less than $250,000. Of this area, 5,000 acres could be had for about $100,000 and the other 500 acres would cost approximately $150,000. A visit to Door County cannot fail PARK AND CEMETERY. 21 to be memorable. Whether the belief of its residents that Door County is “the Paradise of Wisconsin” is true or not, there can be no question that the penin- sula, whdse shores are, washed on one side by Lake Michigan and on the oth- er by the waters of historic Green Bay, is pre-eminently qualified for selection as a State Park. The area available is not limited. But it is the opinion of the State Park Board that the finely situated penin- sula between Ephraim and Fish Creek and north of the diagonal road, includ- ing some 3,800 acres, more than eight miles of shore line with a number of deep water harbors, will constitute an adequate and unified State Park. Such a tract would cost, it is estimated, not more than $75,000, an average of less than $20 an acre (options have already been obtained for 2,200 acres for $35,- 000). Even now Door County is rea- sonably accessible, judged by the ■standards required for State Parks. Door County has unmistakable and not easily destroyed landscape beauty. It is wild and as yet unspoiled, with alternating interests of woodland and cliff, bay and land. Reminding one constantly of the coast of Maine, the shore with its many graceful indenta- tions is a never-ending delight. It sweeps from point to point, here a beach of fine sand, there of gravel, then, in contrast, precipitous limestone bluffs, rising to a height of a hundred feet or more and covered with a heavy growth of native trees and shrubs, mostly ever- green. The vegetation is rich and var- ied. Extensive forests of pine, cedar, balsam, maple, basswood and birch, cov- ering large tracts, with every now and then a pleasant opening in the more fertile, level land. To add even greater interest to these scenes we have the little islands — Strawberry, Horseshoe, etc. — stretching along the shore — which, it is hoped, will form a part of. the State’s posses- sions. With a temperature always moderate, the purest of air laden with the fragrance of balsam and pine, with unexcelled facilities for sailing, boating, fishing, with already a hundred miles of fine country roads sweeping over hill and dale, this Door County region un- der State control might easily become. a famous pleasure resort of the highest order. In the southwestern corner of the State, near the old historic city of Prai- rie du Chien, is the site the proposed Grant County State Park on the Mis- sissippi River. It is situated close to Wyalusing, south of the Wisconsin River and east of the Mississippi. Most of the property is on a ridge five hun- dred feet above the river. It appears to be the best Wisconsin site on the Mississippi for park purposes because of its large and well preserved groves of native trees and because the land required to form an accessible park is practically in the possession of one man. Mr. Robert Glenn, the owner of the property, hasi held it intact for years in the firm belief that it would some day become a public park. He is unselfishly interested in the project and has shown himself ready to coop- erate with the Board. The total area is about 2,720 acres, 1,720 of high land on the ridge and about 1,000 west of the railroad tracks, practically level with the river. The high land alone could be bought for about $43,000 — an average of $25 an acre; the low land for less — substantially the price of the timber. This proposed Mississippi River reser- vation is very accessible, being only three hours from Madison on the Chica- go, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, PARK MEN The American Asso- ciation of Park Super- intendents has begun early to prepare for its annual convention in Seattle, and with the Alaska - Yukon - Pa- cific Exposition as a side show expect to give the eastern and middle west members the chance of their lives to get well repaid for going further west than most of them have been before. The executive committee held a meeting at the Genesee Hotel, Buf- falo, March 17, and set the dates for the meeting as August 9, 10 and 11, with a side trip to Tacoma for Au- gust 12. J. W. Thompson of Seattle, Theodore Wirth of Minneapolis, Pres- ident John W. Duncan of Boston, and Secretary-Treasurer F. L. Mulford of Harrisburg, Pa., were appointed as a committee of arrangements. The first order of business was ac- tion on the applications for member- ship. The applicants were: Wm. I. Hoch, Supt. of Parks, Reading, Pa.; John Berry, Supt. of Parks, Colorado Springs, Colo.; H. B. Filer, City For- ester, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Board of Park Commissioners, Winnipeg, Can. They were all recommended favorably to the next annual meeting. The secretary-treasurer then read a report, which showed there were three honorary members and one hundred and three active members at the close of the last annual meeting. Since then three members have resigned and of course easily reached from many points by boat. While fhe climate may not be as invigorating as that of Door County, it would be a refreshing re- treat to people in that section of Wis- consin and to tourists from more south- ern States. Judged by the point of scenery alone it is equal to any site un- der consideration. It would be a sur- prise to most people to wander through its exquisitely beautiful coulees and grottoes or to stand upon its heights and view the broad island-dotted, ma- jestic scenery of the “Father of Wa- ters.” The vegetation equals that of Door County in interest, all the trees native to the section being found, with a rich variety of shrubs and wild flowers. The scientific interest of Dev- il’s Lake is also at Wyalusing, and here, writes the Secretary of the Wisconsin Archeological Society, are “some of the most extensive and interesting mound systems of the State.” tributed. Copies of the annual re- port have been sent to the com- missioners in all cities where there are members located. Nearly one hun- dred and fifty copies were sent to other superintendents in the hope of interesting them in the association. The report was adopted and the president and the secretary-treasurer were authorized to push the canvass for members by every available means possible so as to get those not members of the association interested. A vote of thanks was extended to the Board of Park Commissioners and Mr. Cowell for the entertainment so courteously extended to the Execu- tive Committee. The following were present at the meeting: President, John W. Duncan, Boston, Mass.; Ed- ward H. Perry of Niagara Falls, N. Y,, proxy for Theo. Wirth; Prof. J. F. Cowell, Botanical Gardens, Buffalo, N. Y., proxy for J. W. Thompson : J. C. Williams, Erie, Pa., proxy for J. W. Rodgers; Wm. Donaldson, Asst. Supt. of Parks, Buffalo, N. Y., proxy for John Henderson of Mon- treal; F. L. Mulford, Secretary-Treas- urer, Harrisburg, Pa. PLAN CONVENTION and one, A. Pinoteau, of La Fontaine Park, Montreal, Canada, has died. The treasurer’s report showed $294.10 collected, $402.23 ex- pended, and a balance of $60.92 on hand. The annual report and bulletin No. 5 have been printed and dis- 22 PARK AND CEMETERY. FOR ROSE GARDEN FOUNTAIN, HUMBOLDT PARK, CHICAGO. I..eonar(i Crunelle, Sc. FOR ROSE GARDEN FOI’NTAIN, HUMBOLDT “WATER BABY” FOUNTAIN. PARK, CHICAGO. J. Scott Hartley, Sc. Leonard Crunelle, Sc. HANDSOME SCULPTURED PARK FOUNTAINS The most notable feature of the recent annual exhibit of Chicago artists, held at the Art Institute of that city, was the increasing importance of the sculpture, and the practical and useful nature of the sculptural conceptions shown. A number of imposing monumental exhibits, and some original models for public fountains, gave an un- usually practical, workmanlike aspect to this part of the display. The outdoor sculpture show in Humboldt Park last fall, and the provisions of the Ferguson bequest of $1,000,000 for outdoor decoration, have served to stimu- late the production of works fitted for the adornment of parks and public places and it is not surprising to find that seven of the forty-three works of sculpture shown were fountain groups. Two of these, by Leonard Crunelle, are destined permanently for Humboldt Park, as the re- sult of that sculptor’s admirable showing at the outdoor exhibit last fall. All who saw Mr. Crunelle's “Fisher Boy’’ fountain in Humboldt Park last fall, and marked its appropriateness to an outdoor setting, will recognize in his two fountain FOUNTAIN BASIN IN ROSE GARDEN, HUMBOLDT PARK, CHICAGO. Four Figures by Leonard Crunelle to Stand at Corners of Basin. PARK AND figures in this exhibition two children of the same family, and will be glad to know that they are to have a per- manent place in that park. His fisher boy has grown a little, but is just as beautifully modeled and as happily posed, as he tugs at his fish, also grown to an unmanage- able size, and flipping from the net. The companion group, a young girl of the same age, is also of the sturdy, strong and natural type as the delightful children’s figures which Mr. Crunelle has made his chief work. His art shows the same growth in power and strength as his subjects. These figures with two others are to stand at the four corners of the Rose Garden in Humboldt Park, shown in one of the illustrations. The work is a com- mission from the West Park Board. Miss Nellie V. Walker’s chief contribution is also a graceful nude woman’s figure for a fountain. It is a simple, well modeled standing figure holding a jar from which the water falls into a bowl in the other hand. Conceived in a different spirit is Mr. Lorado Taft’s Paducah fountain for Paducah, Ky. Paducah, the Indian chief, sits enthroned on a rock resting his arms on a tablet and gazing afar into the White Man’s land. The strong head and shoulders arid the well-studied mass of the group, rising from a very graceful and tastefully decorated pedestal, make a composition that is as pleas- ing in detail as it is successful in the large effects neces- sary to a public monument. The work stands about thir- teen feet high and is to be executed in Georgia marble. It is a gift of the D. A. R. of Paducah and is to stand in the Court House Square in that city. Mr. Taft’s Florentine fountain is a picturesque semi- architectural composition, showing a monk and a knave leaning over a wall and laughing together. A fountain model also captured the Lyman A. Walton special prize of $25 for an ideal conception. This was given to E. Louise Guernsey’s drinking fountain in which a very expressive little girl’s figure has been merged cleverly into a fountain piece of good decorative and structural qualities, and much sculptural charm. The lower part of the body has been admirably convention- alized into its setting to form a unified composition. TRITON FOUNTAIN GROUP. N. Y. BOTANIC GARDEN. Carl E. Tefft. Sc. CEMETERY. 23 PRIZE FOUNTAIN MODEL. PADUCAH FOUISTAIN. E. Louise Guernsey, Sc. Lorado Taft, Sc. Miss Florence Wyle’s wall fountain, showing a chubby infant holding aloft a jug, is one of the best of the foun- tain groups and is re-studied from a model of hers shown at a previous exhibition, and illustrated in these pages. The cherub stands against a wall, one knee on the step, his fat body outlined against the background. The charming “Water Baby” fountain shown in one of our illustrations was modeled by J. Scott Hartley, the New York sculptor, and shown at the spring exhibition of the National Academy of Design in March. It is a companion to his sun-dial Puck of last year, which was illustrated in these pages. The fountain was duly ar- ranged in the center of the middle gallery, the basin filled with ferns, and a little stream of water spouted from the fish’s mouth high above the infant’s head. It has the same imaginative charm and decorative ingenuity of the Puck group, and is admirably suited to an out- door situation in park or large private grounds, which will doubtless be its ultimate destination. Our other illustration shows an important portion of the fountain group which Carl E. Tefft, of New York, executed for the Bronx Botanical Garden, in front of the main building. It is in connection with this Renaissance group, as he calls it, that he shows a letter signed “Au- gustus Saint-Gaudens,” under date of March 29, 1906, acknowledging the receipt of photographs of the group and adding: “It gives me pleasure to state that they re- veal an admirable sense of power and life, as well as dignity and balance of composition, which well justifies the entrusting to you of work of importance.” Of this group, Mr. Daniel C. French wrote a friend at about the same date: “His design was selected from many other's submitted in competition, because of its originality and artistic merit; and he has carried it out in a most admir- able manner. The finished work is sufficient proof of his ability as a sculptor.” 24 PARK AND CEMETERY. ,H-=fL .:.te PARK NLWS. 'V\.ri c L gG’^'- m Additions to national parks author- ized by President Roosevelt two days before he retired from office are named by the State Department in proclamations recently issued. These announce a construction of Lassen Park, parts of Diamond Mountain and the Plumas and Shasta National For- ests under the name of Lassen Na- tional Forest. The Shasta forest, a portion of the area heretofore em- braced in the Lassen National Forest, is transferred and lands within Cali- fornia, which are in part covered by timber, are added to the Lassen for- est. The volcanic islands, commonly known as the Bogeslof islands, of the Aleutian archipelago, Alaska, are or- dered set apart and reserved for the use of the Department of Agriculture as a preserve and breeding ground for native birds. The tract of 627,840 acres of land in the Olympic National Forest in the northwest corner of Washington, which has just been pro- claimed a National monument, em- braces the region which has formed the summer range and breeding grounds for the Olympic elk. * * The Garden of the Gods, near Col- orado Springs, Colo., is to become, by gift from the children of the late Charles E. Perkins, the property of the city of Colorado Springs. Formal transfer of the 480 acres comprising this famed scenic attraction has just been effected. The property is placed in the hands of three trustees: Henry Le B. Wills, David V. Donaldson, and Henry C. Hall, who are to devise methods whereby the Garden of the Gods may be presented to the city and become a part of its park system. FROM THE PARK REPORTS At the annual meeting of the Quincy Park and Boulevard Associa- tion, Quincy, 111., a successful year’s work was reported. President E. J. Parker reported donations of $5,000 during the year, in addition to the regular three mill tax levy which pro- duces about $15,000 a year, and a gift of twenty acres of land. A continu- ous parkway has been opened from Twelfth street to Indian Mounds Park, and a driveway leased between Fifth street and the Soldiers’ Home, in order to connect them with the City Park System. Tennis courts have been provided in two parks and gymnastic apparatus in South Park. The treasurer’s report showed ex- penditures of $30,049 and receipts of $30,375. The following officers were elected: President, E. J. Parker; vice- presidents, T. C. Pelling, Fred. P. Taylor and George F. Miller; treas- urer, E. A. Clarke; secretary, Floyd W. Munroe. The annual reports of the Park and Cemetery Commissioners of Wal- tham, Mass., show receipts of $11,574, and expenditures of $10,948. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 6, No. 20, gives reports of Director N. L. Britton and the other officers, and George V. Nash, head gardener, tells of the condition of the various plantations and the horticultural operations in general. F. A. Schilling, superintendent of grounds, reports considerable work in the construction of roads and paths, grading and drainage. PARK IMPROVEMENTS Col. Breckenridge, of San Antonio, Tex., has offered the city of Austin some river property for a memorial park to the late Governor Hogg. George E. Kessler, of Kansas City, Mo., has been engaged to prepare plans for the park and boulevard im- provements to be made by the city of Indianapolis under a state law al- lowing an expenditure of $1,2'50,000 in ten years. Mr. Kessler will also make general plans and surveys for a sys- tem of parks and boulevards for Hamilton, Ohio. Grand Haven, Mich., has purchased a large sand hill across the river from the city and will make it into a park. The Fort Wayne, Ind., Commercial Club, recently gave a banquet at which leading citizens discussed the formation of a park association to acquire a system of public parks on the same plans as those so success- fully used in Madison, Wis. John M. Olin, president of the Madison Park and Pleasure Drive Association, was the guest of honor. C. H. Wor- den is chairman of the Commercial Club committee in charge of the work. The Portsmouth, N. H., Park De- partment has an appropriation of $4,500 available for the year’s work. The Park and Cemetery Commis- sion of Grand Rapids, Mich., has asked for an appropriation of $5,000 for improvements in the Settling Basin Park. John Schuette, of Manitowoc, Wis., has offered to donate a park on the river front, and care for it during his lifetime. An addition to Rock Spring Park, Alton, 111., has been purchased for $1,500. Commissioner of Public Works Shields of Troy, N. Y., has submitted an estimate of the improvements need- ed for Prospect Park, and has recom- mended a bond issue of $20,000 for this work. The Sul Ross Park Association of Waco, Tex., is to buy and lay out a park to the memory of L. S. Ross, former governor of Texas. J. R. Mi- lam is president of the association and Will S. Duke, secretary. Truxton Beale, who donated a park to Bakersfield, Cal., has adopted plans for its improvement which will cost about $5,000. The Park Board of Portland, Ore., has built a greenhouse in Columbia Park and adopted plans for its further improvement that will cost $25,000. The Shade Tree Commission of East Orange, N. J., has proposed to spray all trees on private grounds at a charge of $2 a tree in its war on the elm tree beetle. The late Caroline Whitman, of Whitman, Mass., left a fund for the erection of a fountain in Whitman Park, Whitman, Mass. The Park Board of Milwaukee has bought a six-acre tract south of High- land Boulevard. The Park Commission of San Diego, Cal., has recommended the acquisition of the old Protestant Cemeterj'- and a sixty-acre tract on Point Loma for park purposes. The city council of Terre Haute, Ind., has voted to appropriate $12,509 for the purchase of Parsons Field for a park. Hon. Albert K. Smiley, whose Can- on Crest Park is one of the attrac- tions of Redlands, Cal., has bought an additional tract of 200 acres and will park it at his own expense. The park commission of Spokane, Wash., have purchased a park tract of 160 acres with a half-mile river frontage. Announcement was made a few months ago that a very valuable tract of land, at the end of the most fash- ionable residential street in Colum- PARK AND CEMETERY. 25 bus, Ohio, had been cut up into build- ing lots and would be put on the mar- ket this spring. The importance of the news lay in the fact that the tract was the key to the elaborate park plans made for Columbus by the Co- lumbus Plan Commission, and that this disposition of it would block for- ever the complete execution of the plan. Announcement now comes that the entire tract has been purchased by a public spirited citizen of Colum- bus, Robert Wolfe, that he has asked Charles N. Lowrie of New York, the landscape architect of the Commis- sion, to prepare detailed plans for its park development, and that he pro- poses to present to the city, fully executed, this strategic portion of the Commission’s plans. The tract in- cludes 55 acres adjoining Franklin Park. The other members of the Commission, whose comprehensive plan for the improvement of Colum- bus has been noted in these pages, were Charles Mulford Robinson, civic advisor, of Rochester, N. Y. ; Austin W. Lord, architect, of New York; Al- bert Kelsey, architect, of Philadel- phia, and Hermon A. MacNeil, sculp- tor, of New York. Moline, 111., has bought from the Silvis Land Co., a six acre park tract for $400 an acre. J. S. Bussell has presented to the town of Orel, Neb., a sixty acre tract on condition that it be maintained as a park. Henry C. Putnam has presented to Eau Claire, Wis., a 200 acre tract for a park and the city council has passed an ordinance accepting the gift, lev- ied a tax of $1,000 a year for main- tenance and advertised for bids to build a bridge across the Chippewa river to reach the land. The city council of Columbia, S. C., has accepted E. W. Robertson’s of- fer to park three blocks on Assembly street, as recommended in the report of Kelsey & Guild on the improve- ment of Columbia. Michael Erickson has given a five acre park tract to Roland, la. The park commissioners of Rock Island, 111., have recommended the purchase of the Case property for a park. The price is $15,000 and the city has promised to appropriate $2,000 a year if the first payment of $5,000 is raised by popular subscrip- tion. A large amount of planting is plan- ned for the parks of Madison, Wis., this season; 10,000 trees and shrubs will be required for Tenney park and 4,000 for Brittingham Park in addi- tion to those to be collected locally and furnished from the park nurseries. The contract for furnishing this ma- terial was awarded to Thomas Mee- han & Sons of Dresher, Pa., on a bid of $1,509. Four bridges of reinforced concrete are also to be constructed from plans by the city engineer, with George B. Ferry of Milwaukee, as consulting architect. The Ottumwa Commercial Associa- tion of Ottumwa, la., recently held a mass meeting to arouse interest in the establishing of a system of parks for which a plan has been suggested. Joseph Dain is president of the asso- ciation. M. F. Rohrer and Leonard Everett have donated to Council Bluffs, la., a ten acre tract to be known as Lin- coln Park. The city is to spend $1,000 in improving it this year. The Dubuque (la.) Park Committee has received general plans for the landscape development of the large tract at Eagle Point lately purchased by them. The plans were secured from Charles Mulford Robinson of Rochester, N. Y., who had made the original report recommending the purchase of the tract for a park. Mr. Robinson associated Charles N. Lowrie, of New York, with him in the preparation of the plans, and work is already under way on their execution. The committee bought the land, ordered the plans and has commenced the making of the park with money derived from a popular subscription. This was sufficient to enable the committee not only to buy the hundred acres originally contem- plated, but some twenty-five acres be- sides, making possible a long walk and drive on the high bluffs overlook- ing the Mississippi. There is the promise of a very noble park. A citizens’ committee has been ap- pointed at Wahoo, Neb., to select a site for a park. At a special election to determine whether the city should have a park commission, Rockford, III., voted 1,229 in favor of the commission and 798 against. The Twentieth Century Topic Club of Wauwatosa, Wis., has raised funds for placing a fountain on the high school grounds. The city of Portland, Ore., has ap- propriated $60,000 for the purchase of a twenty acre tract at Piedmont for a park. The annual budget submitted by Mayor Johnson of Cleveland to the city council provides $250,000 for the park department. Ogden, Utah, has appropriated $5,000 for park purposes and the park board has organized by the election of J. W. Volker as president. Holyoke, Mass., has adopted a plan for the connection of the different parks into a unified system. Superintendent of Public Works C. R. Bush of Tonawanda, N. Y., has trimmed the trees in Clinton Park and is to carry out other improvements this spring. LANDSCAPE FORESTERS MEET IN NEW YORK The Employers’ Association of Landscape Foresters and Entomolo- gists was formed at a meeting held at the offices of Munson Whitaker, Flatiron Building, New York City, .March 29, with eight charter mem- bers. The objects of the Association are to advance the interests of its members in the practice of the sci- ences of forestry and entomology from a landscape and commercial standpoint; and to establish a guaran- tee to clients as to the standing and qualifications of its members. The following officers were elected: Pres- ident, John T. Withers, Jersey City, N. J.; vice-presidents, Munson Whit- aker, New York„ F. A. Bartlett, of H. L. Frost & Co., Concord and Boston, Mass.; executive and examining com- mittee, Chester Whitaker, New York; H. L. Frost, Boston. A special meet- ing of the Association will be held in New York at the end of April to complete organization; and a general meeting is to be held in August, which will be the annual meeting. At the latter a programme will be carried out consisting mainly of instructive pa- pers and addresses, with probably one or two excursions. GARDENERS’ CONVENTION The National Association of Gar- deners, which met March 17 and 18 at Sheffel’s hall. New York city, brought together 160 gardeners and florists and ninety remained to the banquet in the evening. John T. Withers, of Jersey City, N. J., deliv- ered an interesting lecture, with ster- eopticon slides, on “Tree Preserva- tion,” and James Bell read a paper on carnations. Will C. Rickards acted as manager. W. E. Maynard, the secretary of the society, reported over 1,000 members on the books, and over 200 of these beyond the Rockies. John Shore is president of the Association. '26 PARK AND CEMETERY. THE CHEMICAL VALUES OF FERTILIZERS The subject of fertilizers is one which every park or cemetery super- intendent ought to understand thor- oughly, in order to obtain the best re- sults at the least cost. The experiment stations of the sev- eral states have done a tremendous amount of work along these lines, and any one is welcome to all the in- formation they can give. According to chemistry, all matter is composed of about 70 elements. Of these there are only 13 of any impor- tance to vegetable life. These are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium as potash, calcium as lime, iron, chlo- rine, sodium and silicon. These ele- ments are found in plants in combi- nation. These compounds may be divided into three classes: water, or- ganic and inorganic. . The amount of water is easily found by weighing be- fore and after being thoroughly dried. The amount of organic matter is found by weighing dry matter, burning, then weighing the ashes and finding the difference. The inorganic matter is the ash or material left after burn- ing. The organic matter is made up of albuminoids, starch, sugar, fats and cellulose. These are compounds of carbon. Anything that is capable of con- tributing something to the growth or functional activity of plants is called a plant food. The food a plant takes up through the roots must be in solu- tion. Carbon constitutes nearly one-half of the dry matter of plants. Plants breathe through breathing pores in the surface of the leaves. Under the in- fluence of sunlight they take in car- bon-dioxide from the air through these breathing pores and change it into other compounds. It has been proven that plants can grow without any carbon in the soil, although they do take up carbon compounds from the soil in large quantities for the other elements which they need and are in combination with the carbon. All our soils contain carbonic acid and carbonaceous material, and these are useful. The carbonaceous mate- rial is the humus of the soil spoken of in the article on soils. Carbonic acid is useful in dissolving the ele- ments of plant food. Hydrogen is found in a much smaller proportion by weight because of its lightness. It is derived from the water, this being decomposed in the plant by the influence of sunlight. It has been found that some hydro- gen is taken up by the roots in the form of ammonia, but the quantity must be quite small. Oxygen is present in the humus of which it constitutes a large propor- tion. It enters the plant in the form of water, carbonic-dioxide and in soluble salts. It is taken up in larger quantities than the other elements, but much is given off by the leaves. Nitrogen is a vital part of plants. The proportion by weight is small. It is furnished through the roots in the form of nitric acid or ammonia. The air contains a vast amount of free nitrogen, but it is not available for plants, except those which belong to the order Leguminoseae as clovers, beans, peas, etc. This is one of the elements which must be supplied to nearly all soils and costs the most to buy. It is found in all organic refuse, barnyard manure, sulphate of am- monia, and nitrate of soda. Sulphur is found in plants in small quantities, but is present in all soils and is usually taken up as sulphate of lime through the roots. Iron is necessary to the formation of the green matter in plants called chlorophyl. Experiments have proven that if no iron is present in the soil the foliage will be white and the plants will die. It is found in suf- ficient quantities in practically all soils and is taken up by the roots. Potash is another element that most soils are deficient in and must be supplied. It has been found that if this element is absent plants seem to have no power to take up other foods. The most important sources are animal excrements, wood ashes, muriate of potash, sulphate of potash. and refuse organic matter, both ani- mal and vegetable. Sometimes nitrate of potash can be bought at a price which will make it profitable. The exact use of phosphorous is not definitely known, but it is known that no plant can grow without it, and also that nearly all soils lack phosphorous in sufficient quantities. This is the third element which must be supplied to help out the soil. The plant takes it up in. the form of phos- phoric acid and it is usually in com- bination with lime. The sources of supply are animal excrements, bones, bone charcoal, dissolved bone black, fish, Florida rock and guanoes. Lime is very abundant in the ash of plants and a great quantity is re- quired. It is quite abundant in most soils; but many soils are benefited by the use of it, especially if it is de- sired to break up insoluble compounds already in the soil, or if the soil is sour or acid. If we suspect the soil to be acid by the abundant growth of sorrel, red top or other acid loving plants, test it by the use of blue lit- mus paper, which may be purchased at the drug store, and if it turns the paper red we know the soil needs lime. It is also good to help clear a lawn of moss. The other elements required by plants are usually found in large enough quantities to supply all needs. They are all taken up by the roots and it is not necessary to think of them. Barnyard manure is a very variable quantity. Much depends upon the way the animals are fed, the kind of animals kept, the care taken of the manure, the amount of bedding used, and the quantity of moisture it con- tains. One analysis which I have chanced to find, said to be the average result of many analyses, gives moist- ure 67 per cent, phosphoric acid 24/100 per cent, potash 4/10 per cent, and nitrogen 41/100 per cent. Home- made manures are also valuable for the humus which they contain. The cost of handling is great because of the bulk and amount of moisture in them; but I believe in saving all you PARK AND C EM ET ERY. 27 can, and making all you can by the addition of all refuse vegetable mat- ter you can save. Take the best of care of it by keeping it under cover if possible, and prevent heating as much as possible; also add something that will absorb the ammonia that may be liberated by decomposition, such as land-plaster, acid phosphate, or if you cannot do any better, add loam to the pile. It is important to save as much of the urine as you can. If the pile is tramped hard it is not as liable to heat and so liberate the am- monia. Decomposition renders the elements more soluble or more quickly available by the plant, but be careful not to lose your nitrogen, which is the most expensive element to buy. Most superintendents are obliged to depend very largely on commercial fertilizers, so they are of great inter- est to us. Wood ashes vary greatly, accord- ing to the kind of wood from which they come, the amount of moisture they contain, and the care that has been taken to prevent leaching. Com- mercial ashes usually weigh about 48 lbs. per bushel, and contain about 4 lbs. of potash and 2 lbs. of phosphoric acid, no nitrogen. Potash in ashes is usually in the form of carbonate, and is valued by the experiment stations of New England at 8c per pound. kluriate of potash contains about 50 per cent actual potash and is valued by the experiment stations of New England at 4^20 per pound. Sulphate of potash contains from 43 per cent to 52 per cent actual potash, and is valued by the stations at 5c per pound. There are two or more grades on the market. South Carolina or Florida rock is found in North and South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. It is supposed to be the petrified dung of sea birds, and usually contains from 25 per cent to 28 per cent of phosphoric acid. It is ground and put on the market under the name of floats. It is quite insoluble. The value of insoluble phosphoric acid is estimated at 2c per pound. Basic Slag contains from 14 per cent to 20 per cent of phosphoric acid. Most of the phosphoric acid is re- verted, or in other words, it will be dissolved by the weak acids of the soil slowly. The experiment stations es- timate that phosphoric acid in such forms should be worth 4j4c per pound. Super-phosphates or acid phos- phates are manufactured by treating the insoluble phosphates with vitriol, which takes up some of the lime and makes them more soluble, but not wholly so. The price for water solu- ble phosphates is 5c per pound. Dissolved bone black is derived Draining Off Surface Water In reply to the question of J. R., What provision is usually made on sections to take care of the snow wa- ter resulting from a sudden thaw? I will say from my experience that such provisions are generally useless, for the frost is generally in the ground during a sudden thaw in the northern latitudes. But when it is not, a small tile buried to a depth of one or two feet in the path or along lot lines, with sewerage connection in your driveways, will draw the surface water ofif in a few hours. I would advise this only on low, flat, graded or large sections, because it lowers the water table, and I do not think plant life thrives so well during the drier months. High, well graded sections, without flats in them, and with the assistance of the graves in them, generally draw off the sur- face water very fast. I am speaking of the surface water only, for the question of dry graves during a wet period depends upon the nature of the ground and the depth to the natural drainage, namely, the sand or rock. Ralph C. Thomas, Supt. Elm Grove Cemetery, Bluffton, Ind. P. S. — Will some one please tell me their experience in combating weeds and grass in driveways that are made of stone and gravel, and were neglect- ed for a couple of years. They are very foul with seed. I have about 2,000 feet of such driveway and would like to clear them with some kind of chemical mixture. R. C. T. Flowers in Receiving Vault In looking over Park and Ceme- tery I note the questions asked by the members of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, and find two questions that I would like to reply to. , Do any cemeteries prohibit placing flowers in receiving vault? I saw one that did, and their reason was that one spring water was found to accumulate as they thought from the flowers. I am of a very dif- from the refining of sugar. It con- tains about 16 per cent phosphoric acid, of which quite a large percentage is soluble. F. G. Bartlett. (To be concluded) ferent opinion. I have had twenty years of experience and never in or during this time have I discovered any reasons why we should exclude the flowers — that is, where a vault is so arranged that there is room for them. In my experience, which has been full of observance in this direction, I consider it wrong to prohibit the placing of flowers in the receiving vault. I would add that we as a rule remove flowers from the casket and place on top of rough box or as near as possible to it. . The second question. What provi- sion is usually made on a cemetery or section to take care of snow water resulting from a sudden thaw? This accumulation of water must go into the earth. If a drain could be ar- ranged any superintendent would quickly see his way clear. If not, my own experience has taught me in some certain places to dig a hole suf- ficiently' deep to be always below frost, then use as large tile as might be desired. I used 15-inch, placed up- right, allowing top to be flush with ground, then fill tile with small stone. In slushy soil this will always take care of snow water that accumulates in any depression in a section. Fort Plain, N. Y. W. C. Rapp. E. E. H., Pa. Do city officials have the power to open a street through a cemetery that is owned by a private corporation ? [This frequently depends on local conditions. A brief record of court decisions would be of interest. — Ed.] M. G., 111. What is the practice covering care of lots where only half the lot owners pay for care and all new lots are sold under perpetual care? T. M., R. I. What form of ceme- tery government is most beneficial to the community, a stock company or a mutual corporation of the lot hold- ers ? J. J. S., O. What is the probable cost of the best and most modern re- tort in a crematorium and where lo- cated? ? I WANT TO KNOW ? PARK AND CEMETERY. 28 At a meeting of the trustees of the Highland Cemetery Association, Wichita, Kas., it was decided to op- pose a bill that has been introduced in the legislature by Representative Jewett and Senator Stewart respec- tively. The main objection to the bill, the trustees say, is the provision al- lowing cemeteries to be owned and controlled by corporations under which dividends can be declared on stock up to the amount of 6 per cent on the capital stock. “We do not be- lieve that cemeteries should be in the control of corporations for the pur- pose of making money,” said a trustee of the association. Some sections of the bill are: “Section 1. That all cemetery com- panies heretofore organized under chapter 23 of the General Statutes or Compiled Laws of the State of Kan- sas prior to March, 1901, owning or controlling a cemetery to a city of 40,000 or more, having a population of 40,000 or more, the land of which was conveyed to said company in pay- ment of capital stock issued therefor, shall be under the management and control of directors elected by the stockholders thereof, and that all of the acts of any board of directors heretofore regularly elected by stock- holders in any such company which would be legal if done by any other private corporation, are hereby recog- nized, confirmed and made valid, pro- vided that from and after this date no dividends shall be issued in e.xcess of 6 per cent on the original capital stock of such corporation ,and provided fur- ther, that all net earnings in excess of 6 per cent shall be set apart for a permanent care fund for such ceme- tery. “Sec. 2. Such permanent care fund shall be perpetually held, reserved and maintained for the same purposes and upon the same terms and conditions as provided for in sections 210, 211 and 212 of article 13 of chapter 18 of the Laws of 1901. “Sec. 3. That all land held by such corporation for cemetery purposes, whether platted or not, and all lots sold for burial purposes, and all vaults and other improvements for such pur- poses, shall be e.xempt from public taxation while so held; and every lot sold and conveyed in such cemetery shall be held by the proprietor for the purpose of sepulture only, and shall not be subject to attachment or execu- tion, but such proprietor or purchaser shall not be a stockholder or member of said corporation by reason of his being such purchaser and proprietor.” * * * Faustino Armendariz, whose twelve year old daughter committed suicide, recently invoked the aid of the courts to bury her body in the family lot in the Catholic section of Evergreen Cemetery, E Paso, Tex., in spite of the Church’s opposition. When applica- tion was made to Rev. Father Pinto for a permit it was refused on ac- count of the child being a suicide. A petition for an injunction restraining the Evergreen Cemetery company, et al, from interfering with the burial of the child on the family lot in the Catholic cemetery was filed before Judge Harper. Deputy Gammel served the injunction papers on D. H. An- derson, superintendent of the ceme- tery, who at first refused to obey the injunction and warned the grave dig- gers against taking any steps to dig the grave. The father, however, se- cured help and buried the body. The grave was, however, dug three inches shallower than required by law. One of the olificers of the church an- nounces that further action will be taken in the matter and is quoted in a local intervew as saying: “While the act of Armendariz is not one for excommunication, he violated three laws and rules. He violated a state law by not burying the box to the proper depth; a law of the cemetery association to have a permit before burying a body, and the law of the Church that a body of a suicide must not be buried in consecrated ground.” * * * During a recent finance committee hearing on the matter of the abate- ment of the assessment against the West Meriden Cemetery Association, Meriden, Conn., for a curb, it was shown that it had been the custom to resell lots in that cemeter3^ Cor- poration Counsel H. T. King has since caused to be introduced in the legis- lature the following bill: “Whenever any burial lot in any cemetery located within the limits of any city has been used as a place of interment or burial, and subsequently the remains of any persons buried therein have been removed therefrom, said burial lot so used shall not there- after be again used as a place of in- terment or burial, nor shall said lot be resold by any person or associa- tion. “Any person or association violat- ing the provisions of section 1 shall be fined not more than $50.” * * * An ordinance is to be introduced into the Board of Supervisors of Den- ver, Col., to prohibit further burials in the Catholic and Jewish cemeteries adjoining Cheesman Park, in response to a petition from which we quote the following: “These cemeteries are adjoining Cheesman park on the east in the midst of one of the most desirable residence portions of the city, and im- mediately adjoining one of our most beautiful parks. We feel in common with a large majority of the citizens of Denver that burials affecting, as they do, the comfort, health and pleasure of the citizens, as well as the beauty of the city, should no longer be permitted within its residence limits.” * * * State Senator Wakelee, of New Jersey, has introduced what is prac- tically the same bill fathered by him last year regarding the location of new cemeteries, or the extension of old ones, in municipalities of that state. Senator Wakelee’s bill pro- vides that the location of new ceme- teries or the extension of old ones must be approved first by the munici- pal and local health authorities, and then by the Board of Chosen Free- holders of a county. The present law provides for the reference of these matters to the State Health Board. * * >1« Maple Hill, the oldest cemetery in Minneapolis, which has been aban- doned for cemetery purposes for a number of years, has been placed in charge of the park board and many improvements made. It is hoped that it will ultimately be turned into a park, and a number of the bodies have already been removed to other cemeteries. * * Mayor Reyburn ,of Philadelphia, in a recent interview favored the taxa- tiontion of cemeteries. He declared that some of them were extremely profitable, and that as they are fre- PARK AND CEMETERY. 29 quently conducted as private enter- prises they should be subject to a tax levy. The investigation norv being conducted by the mayor shows that the private property exempt from tax- ation in Philadelphia amounts to ap- proximately $70,000,000. Most of this is made up of cemetery land, church property, power houses and telephone exchanges. * * * To protest against the establishment of a cemetery within their town lim- its, a large number of citizens attend- ed a meeting of the Town Council of Teaneck, N. J., and succeeded, for the time being, ' in blocking the project. The cemetery has been incorporated under the name of the Gates of Hope Cemetery, and has a franchise for 125 acres of the Phelps estate property in West Englewood avenue. The ap- plication of the incorporators was up for action by the council, and after a stormy debate was withdrawn. * * * The residence a^d office of T. E. Anderson, superintendent of Spring Hill Cemetery, Danville, 111., was damaged by fire to the extent of $1,000 March 14. It was fully covered by insurance and will be remodeled and made fireproof. All personal ef- fects were saved. * * * The Chicago Tribune estimates that there were 300,000 burials in the cemeteries of that city last year, an average of S3 a day. FROM the ANNUAL REPORTS The annual report of F. H. Ruther- ford, Secretary of Hamilton Ceme- tery, Hamilton, Ont., shows the excel- lent results that have followed the introduction of modern methods. Thirty-five cents a foot of lot sales is set aside for perpetual care which in- cludes weekly cutting of the grass, and trimming, raking and watering during the dry season. The formation of a separate fund for the maintenance of roads, buildings, fences, trees, etc., when all lots are sold has been begun, and when the ground is all sold the board will have on hand in the several funds, over $200,000 for maintenance. The grounds are divided into five sec- tion,s each in charge of a foreman, and telephone communication with each section was installed the past year. The cemetery is self-supporting with receipts of about $15,000 a year, and about $10,000 a year has been add- ed to the perpetual care funds which now amount to $52,676. Mr. Ruther- ford strongly recommends removal of all lot enclosures in the older sections and urges that the various organiza- tions unite on one memorial day. There are about three thousand lot owners. The eight page annual published by the Lakewood Cemetery, Lake City, Minn., tells of perpetual and special care funds of $13,039 and annual ex- penditures of $3,540. An interesting Flower Day ceremony was held June 20. It is announced that all founda- tions will hereafter be built by the association. The annual gives other news notes of interest to lot holders, extracts from two of the addresses at the A. A. C. S. convention and re- produces an illustration from Park AND Cemetery. The Association cir- culates 700 of these annuals. Lowell Cemetery, Lowell, Mass., added $912 to the reserve fund during the year and reduced the standing in- debtedness by $200. The trust fund for care of lots now amounts to $143,- 828. The moth pest is reported on the increase in spite of the fact that upwards of 56,000 nests were removed the past winter. The association cul- tivates a profitable hay crop, and all the stone needed in construction work comes from the cemetery’s own land. The expenditures for the year were $41,977. The financial report of Norwalk Cemetery, Norwalk, O., shows a bal- ance March 1 of $11,010, with a per- manent endowment fund of $6,872. The association’s total assets are $17,- 986. There are about 3,397 inter- ments in Woodland Cemetery. The annual report of the Wiltwyck Rural Cemetery Association, Kings- ton, N. Y., records the expenditure of $6,326 and the increase of $1,025 in the perpetual care fund. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS A public mausoleum for permanent interment is to be erected in Mans- field Cemetery, Mansfield, O., by John Weil and R. S. Barr, who control the patents on the structure. It will be 82x52 feet outside and will contain 480 crypts. The interior will be lined with marble and the exterior will be Bedford stone. All crypts are to be sold before the erection of the build- ing. The National Mausoleum Co., of Shelby, O., which is engaged in the erection of similar structures, of- fered to sell the patent rights on their construction to the town of Goshen, Ind., for $1,200, the city to erect the structure in Oak Ridge Cemetery by private contract. The city council ac- cepted the proposition, but on threats of injunction to stop the signing of the contract, the mausoleum company withdrew its offer and announced that the structure would be built by pri- vate parties. J. T. Haskell, on behalf of residents of Wellington, O., has sued the National Mausoleum Co. for $5,000 for alleged breach of contract by which he secured rights to certain territory in which to erect these struc- tures. Crypts are sold in similar mausoleums in Morenci, Mich., To- ledo and Alliance, O., and Decatur and Maroa, 111., at prices ranging from $100 to $150 each. The Decatur Mausoleum Construction Co., of De- caLir, 111., has been incorporated to build these public mausoleums with a capital stock of $15,000. The incor- porators are; C. U. Downey, H. C Phillips, and C. R. Querrey. This company has started the erection of one in the Ottawa Avenue Cemetery, Ottawa, 111. Another company known as the Western Illinois Mausoleum Co., has been incorporated at Gales- burg, 111., at $12,500, by C. G. Claw- son, M. J. Daugherty and C. M. Swank. Earlham Cemetery, Richmond, Ind., has begun condemnation proceedings to get possession of a fifty acre farm now a part of the country club’s giounds, for a future addition to the cemetery. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw, Mich., has let the contract for mov- ing the sexton’s residence and the Board of Park and Cemetery Com- missioners has adopted planting and improvement plans by O. C. Simonds, of Chicago, for plantings around the chapel, the entrance at Brady Hill cemetery, and the city hall grounds. A. H. Arnold is sexton of Forest Lawn. Evergreen Cemetery, Detroit, has purchased a forty acre addition, giv- ing a total area of 175 acres. St. Mary’s Cemetery, New Albany, Ind., has purchased a ten acre addi- tion. Evergreen Cemetery, Colorado Springs, Col., is laying new water mains, and when this is done a receiv- ing vault to cost $6,000 is to be built. Grace Lawn Cemetery, Elkhart, Ind., has been laid out and grading and other improvements begun. The Reformed Church Cemetery Association of Germantown, N. Y., has added two acres. C. B. Waldron has furnished plans for the improvement of Woodbine Cemetery, Valley City, N. D. {Continued on Page X) 30 PARK AND CEMETERY. A MONUMENT WELL SET OFF BY NATURE AND ART, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City. P'recjuent reference has been made in these pages to the fact that the chief asset of the modern cemetery is landscape beauty, and cemeteries that issue illustrated books should express as much as possible of this beauty in their printed literature. Some excellent specimens of these cemetery books have been noted in these pages, and we show here two of the illustrations from the annual book issued by Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City, which is the finest speci- men of printing and illustrating ever issued by a cemetery, and among the finest ever issued to promote any business. The cuts as shown here give but a faint idea of the beauty of the book, as the color effects of ink and paper of the original cannot, of course, be reproduced. These views WOODLAWN, NEW YORK CITY’S MODER are from the 1908 book. Two from this year’s book will be shown next ]nonth. Woodlawn was laid out in 1864, and the first interment was on January 14, 1865. There are now 74.916 in- terments, and about half of the 400 acres included in the grounds is still unoccupied. Many of New York’s pioneers and wealthiest citizens have lots in Wood- lawn, and no effort of modern care has been overlooked that will add to the beautiy of the grounds or the at- tention to the many elaborate tombs and memorials. The cemetery provides a shelter tent, matting and chairs at the time of interment, for the comfort of the lot owners and those attending, with- out any extra charge. Circular lots ranging in size from 1,000 feet to 20,000 feet, may be had at the rate of $1.75 to $5.00 per square foot, according to location; avenue lots at $1.50 to $5.00 per square foot; grass path lots at $1.50 to $2.00 per square foot. Lots admitting ten graves, $480 and upwards; lots admit- ting eight graves, $390 and upwards; lots admitting six graves, $300 and upwards; lots admitting four graves, $195 and upward; lots admitting three graves, $150 and upward. The charge for a single grave and opening is $41.00, while for a single PARK AND CEMETERY. :31 L/ANDSCAPE ART IN WATERSIDE PLANTING EFFECTS. Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City. I5HLY DEVELOPED, HISTORIC CEMETERY grave and opening for a child the charge is $31.00. Only one grave marker can be placed at a single grave, which must not exceed two feet in height above ground, or be oyer two feet in width for an adult, and eighteen inches for a child; and such stone must be so cut so as to set in the ground not over eighteen inches and be of full size the entire depth. For receiving tomb charges a de- posit is required, for each adult $30.00, for each child under ten years $24.00; which will be returned in full on re- moval within ten days to a lot in the cemetery; otherwise a monthly charge of $5.00 for each adult and $4.00 for each child is deducted from the deposit. From its elevated location and the large expenditures made in the de- velopment of the cemetery tract dur- ing the past forty years, Woodlawn Cemetery has become one of the most highly developed burial places in the United States, and this City of the Silent is a garden, made beautiful with trees, flowers, and shrubbery. This work from the outset has been carried forward under expert land- scape men, and the business affairs have been carefully and systemati- cally administered. The officers of the corporation are: President, James D. Smith; vice-president, Charles H. Edgar; treasurer, Charles Stewart Smith; secretary and assistant treas- urer, Howard C. Smith; manager. James R. R. McEwen; superintend- ent, Frederick R. Diering; engineer, Judson A. Doolittle: in charge of lot sales, Willet B. Andrews; clerk, Janies D. Buttolph. The laws of the State of New York provide that no street, road, avenue or other public thoroughfare shall be opened through the cemetery without consent of the directors and of two- thirds of the lot owners, and then only by special permission of the Legislature of the State. Such lands are forever exempted from assessments and public taxes, and also from liability to be sold on execution, or for payment of debts. 32 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Improvement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbreviations, thus: S, L. 8:67-8, Feb. 09, means: Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67-8, Febiuary, 1909 PUBLICATIONS NDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. American Botanist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Reo.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. P.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.50 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; lOc copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; lOc copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange, New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 year; 5o copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds Cemeteries of the Future, by H. E. Weed. Illust. S. L. 8:204. April ’09. Civic Trials, Our, by E. Dickinson. Am. Magazine. 67:525. Mch., ’09. Des Moines Plan Charter. C. H. 10: 265-70. Jan. ’09. Garden of Old Fashioned Flowers, A Busy Man’s. C. L. A. 15:488-9. Mch. ’09. Hetch-Hetchy, Despoiling the, by W. F. Bade. Illust. S. L. 8:117-8. Mch., ’09. Improvement Work, Fourth Season in, by Anna B. Underwood. Illust. M. H. 37:126-32, Apr., ’09. Pennsylvania Academy Sculpture Ex- hibit. Illust. M. N. 31:301-2. Apr., ’09. Pittsburg Survey Number of Chari- ties and the Commons. Mch. 6, ‘09.- Planting Table for Annual Flowers, by H. Austin. C. L. A. 15:488-9. Mch., ’09. T^iquor Problem in the Cities, by W. R. Joyner. C. H. 10:261-4. Jan., ’09. Municipal Government by Commis- . sion, by C. D. Huston. C. FI. 10: 252-7. Jan., ’09. Sculpture Exhibit, National Academy of Design. Illust. M. N. 21:299. Apr., ’09. Street Paving, Methods of. P. M. 20: 3-16. Feb., ’09. Gardening, Chicago (Card.), $2.00 year; singie copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt, Germany (German), G. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.00 year; single cony. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 5c. House and Garden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), .$1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.); French, $4.50 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New York (Sci. Am.), $3.0.0 year; lOc copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50o year; single copy, 10c. Gardens and Landscape Gardening Flower Boxes for Window and Porch, by E. N. Snow. Illust. S. L. 8:187-9. Apr., ’09. Garden, on a Rock, by A. Burrowes. C. L. A. 15:536. Mch., ’09. Japanese Garden in America, by H. 5. Saylor. Illust. C. L. A. 15:481- 4. Mch., ’09. Landscape Gardening without Freaks or Frills. Illust. S. L. 8:134-5. Mch., ’09. Landscape Gardening on the Modest Estate, by H. F. Major. Illust. S. L. 8:206-8. Apr., ’09. Plants for Many Purposes, by P. T. Barnes. Illust. S. L. 8:132-4. Mch., ’09. Perennials for a Thought-Out Gar- den, by N. Blanchan. Illust. C. L. A. 15:475-80. Mch., ’09. Planting of the Flome Grounds, by K. Krone. Illust. G. K. (German) 11:39-42. Mch. 1, ’09. Rhododendrons, Hardy, in English Gardens, by Walter Danhart. Illust. M. D. G. (German) 24:112-14. Mch., 6, ’09. Roadway and the Grounds, by J. C. Edwards. Illust. Am. Homes & Gardens 6:99-102. Mch., ’09. Studies for a “Garden City” Square. Illust. G. K. (German) 10:37-43, Mch. 1, ’09. Rose Gardens: What England Can Teach Us About Them, by Wilhelm Miller. C. L. A. 15:467-70. Mch., ’09. Small Shrubs for the Garden. Living Age 260:554-8. Feb. 27, ’09. Wood Garden, by P. W. Humphreys. Illust. Am. Homes & Gardens 6; 70-2. Feb., ’09. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds Barnum’s Monument, Robbing. Illust. M. N. 21:303. Apr., ’09. Competitive Designs for a German Cemetery. Illust. G. K. (German) 10:46-50. Mch., ’09. Concrete, A New Test for. Surveyor, London. 35:328-30. Mch. 5, ’09. Cremation, About. Embalmers’ Monthly. 22:72-4. Mch., ’09. Fake Copy of Famous Saint-Gaudens Work in Baltimore Cemetery. M. N. 21:310. Apr., ’09. Highways, Construction of, by J. F. By.xbee. Illust. G. R. M. 10:80-1. Mch., ’09. How to Make City Parks More Use- ful, by W. Singer. G. K. (German) 10:42-5. Mch. 1, ’09. Illinois Andersonville Monument Competition. Illust. M. N. 21:304- 5. Apr., ’09. Macadam Road Building in Michigan, by F. F. Rogers. G. R. M. 10:94-5. Mch., ’09. Macadam Roads, Experiments for the Preservation of. Illust. G. R. M. 10:71-4. Mch., ’09 Mausoleums of Modern Design and Construction. Illust. M. N. 21; 308-9. Apr., ’09. Monumental Structures for Chicago Parks. Illust. M. N. 21:306-7. Apr., ’09. National Monuments, Commissions Awarded for. M. N. 21: 300. Apr,., ’09. Planting a Cemetery Lot, by C. D. Lay. Am. Homes & Gardens. Feb., ’09. Roads, Pavements and Pavement Fill- ers, Data on. G. R. M. 10:75-9. Mch., ’09. Roads of Vitrihed Brick, by A. P. Hitchcock. Illust. C. L. A. 15:498. Mch., ’09. Road Building by the U. S. in Cuba, by W. A. DuPuy. Illust. Scientific American 100:136-8. Feb. 13, ’09. Trees, Shrubs and Plants Appalachian and White Mountain Forests: Shall They Be Saved? Outlook 91:319. Feb. 13, ’09. Fungus of White. Cedar, Destructive. Sci. Am. 99:454. Dec. 19, ’08. Gramineae of the Alpine Region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, by T. Holm. Illust. Botanical Ga- zette. Dec., ’08. PARK AND CEMETERY. V Hedges, Evergreen, Plea for, by P. Snyder. Illnst. C. L. A, 15:274-5. Jan., ’09. Elm Leaf Beetle, How to Fight, by S. Hawley. Illust. C. L. A. 15: 562. Mch., ’09. Plants Attractive both in Flower and Fruit, by H. Maxwell. Illust. C. L. A. 15:490-2. Mch., ’09. Plants, Effect of Radium on, by C. S. Gager. Illust. Popular Science Monthly 74:223-32. Mch., ’09. Rose Hybridization, by Alex Dickson. G. C. A. 8:165-7. Mch., ’09. Roses, How to Have, by W. C. Barry. Illust. G. C. A. 8:160-3. Mch., ’09. Roses for Winter, by E. B. Welsh. Illust. Am. Homes & Gardens. 6: 93-4. Mch., ’09. San Jose Scale, Present Methods of Controlling. N. N. 17:80-81. Mch., ’09. Specimen Trees, by Adolph Jaenicke. Illust. G. C. A. 8:153-6. Mch., ’09. Spraying, Progress in. Steady and Continuous. N. N. 17:73. Mch., ’09. Spraying Mixtures, Preparation of. M. H. 37:135-6. Apr., ’09. Sulphur Washes, Use on Foliage of Fruit Trees. N. N. 17:74. Mch., ’09. Trimming Trees, The Right Way, by W. Solotaroff. Illust. S. L. 8:203. Apr., ’09. Tree Planting in Cities, by B. Hein- ricy. Illust. G. K. 10:49-52. Mch., ’09. (German) Tree Doctors, Real and Fake, by W. M. Illust. C. L. A. 15:499. Mch., ’09. BOOKS, REPORTS, ETC. “Spraying for Profit,” the popular little handbook by Ploward Evarts Weed, landscape architect, of Chicago, has been revised and rewritten, and has just appeared in its tenth edition. Its practical and condensed character has made it a very useful guide to any kind of spraying, and the great im- provement in methods since its first appearance in 1899 have made this re- WH E N your walks and road- ways are made unsightly by weeds, don’t waste time and money by attempt- ing to pull them up, or kill them off with “Killers” which promise better than they perform. One application of “HERBICIDE” the original weed exterminator will not only clean your walks and roadways of every weed, but will keep them clear for at least 2yrs. Easy to apply. This is not guesswork. We have hundreds of letters like the following; '-'This departvient has used your “HERBICIDE” and found it most satisfactory^ performing perfectly the functions you claim for it. It vjas used by this department at a number o f places over the city a7id effecUially killed the grass and weeds f y. L. WICKES^ Street Com7}iiss’r Balthnore^ Md. Will gladly send full par- ticulars on request. Can be ordered only direct from us. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All Bteel, no wood to shrink, swelland warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentges & M’f’rs, Thorntown, Ind. Popularity proven by repeated orders. Plenty of A-1 references and recommen- datinns. Only metallic Park Basket that is light and easy to handle: still not subject to break- age in handling about the grounds. Has deep corrugated inside can, remov- able for empty contents. Park, Cemetery and Improvement Boards send your address and receive description, etc: in detail. THE STEEL BASKET CO. CBDAR RAPIDS, IOWA Always mention Fark and Cemetery ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 342 West 14th St., New Vork. YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding VI PARK A N D CEMETERY. vision necessary- It is divided into five chapters, whose headings are: “Some General Principles”; “Materials Used in Spraying”; “Spray Pumps and Outfits”; “Summary of Spraying Plants”, and “Summary of Spraying Animals”. The book sells for twenty cents and may be ordered from Park AND Cemetery. Cypress Lawn Cemetery, Colma, Cal., ten miles from San Francisco, sends a handsomely illustrated book of general information rules and reg- ulations, etc., that is well prepared and handsomely printed. E. B. Mc- Pherson is superintendent. Green Lawn Cemetery, Columbus, O., issues a neatly printed book giv- ing articles of association, by-laws, rules, etc., and showing some excel- lent half-tone views of the grounds. Lorin Y. Stephens is superintendent, and John J. Stephens assistant super- intendent. Green Park Cemetery, Portland, Ind., pocket size book of rules, infor- mation, etc.; Lewis W. Hoover, sec- retary. Camden Cemetery and Forest Park, Camden, N. Y., under the same man- agement, send small booklet giving history, rules and other information. L. D. Ward is sexton and park super- intendent. Mauch Chunk Cemeter}^ Associa- tion, Mauch Chunk, Pa., charter, by- laws and rules; B. F. Bertsch, secre- tary-treasurer. The Davey Forestry Co., Kent, O., one of the oldest firms of tree sur- geons in the country, send an inter- esting illustrated book showing many views of their force at work on trees in different parts of the country, and giving information about their methods. Dodge Grove Cemetery, Mattoon, 111., illustrated book of rules and de- scriptive information about the grounds. J. E. Miller is superin- tendent. Stephen Child, landscape architect, Ford Bldg., Boston: folder telling of his professional methods and charges. The April number of The Delinea- tor contains an article on “The Care of Our Trees,” with illustrations showing methods and effects of prun- ing and cement filling of trees. PERSONAL Paul F. Scheibe, for several years employed in the parks of Chicago, has opened an office for the practice of landscape gardening at Dayton, O. He received his early training at the Government college at Kostritz, Ger- Rhododendron catavjbiense {true species) grovj- ing in the Carolina motintains* Hardiest and most beautifully foliaged species knoivn. TREES and SHRUBS of VALUE Nursery Stock that is acclimated to the Northwest is of value to the planter. It contains more vitality, has more and better roots. We make a specialty of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, etc., for Parks and Cemeteries. If you are interested write for our Wholesale Price List and Illustrated Catalogue. Our Landscape Department is at your service. If you intend making any improvement you should consult with us. Comas Siberica Alba — Red TFashioned Flowers J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J. Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Col- umbines, Hollyhocks.Fox- gloves, Canterbury Bells, Chrysanthemums, P o p - pies. Asters, Daisies, Day Lilies, Anemones, Pinks, Sweet Williams, etc. Over 1000 varieties to select from. Once planted al- ways planted; increasing in beauty from year to year and require no added cost with but little care. They yield an abundant supply of choice cut flow- ers for the house as well as embellish the garden and lawn from early spring until late autumn. My catalog of Hardy Pe- rennial Plants, Shrubsand Vines is a beautiful book of 70 pages. It gives full cultural instructions and low prices, is copiously il- lustrated and mailed free. The finest and most helpful catalog of the kind ever published in America ^ For Cemeteries and ParKs The Best Made The Reservoir supplies the plants with mois- ture by capillary attraction. Not necessary to water plants oftener than once in ten days. We make nearly 100 styles ranging in price from $6.00 to $100.00 each. None better made. Send for catalogue. Walbrid^e (Si Company, The Original Patentees and Makers Buffalo, N. Y. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, etc. ALL OBDEBS FILLED PBOMPTLY, AND GOOD WOBK GUABANTEED All Sizes Kept Constantly In Stock Order Direct from the lUannfactnrers BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LOCK BOX 48 BANGOR. PENN, PARK AND CEMETERY. xiri Mott’s Electroliers, Vases, Settees We issue separate catalogue of Electroliers and Arc Lamp Poles. Drinking Fountains. Railings and Entrance Gates. Lawn and Park Fountains. Settees and Chairs. Flower Vases. Statuary. Requests for Catalogues should specify the subject you are interested in. THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT Fifth Avenue and 17th Street, NEW YORK COLDWELL LAWN MOWERS Hand, Horse and Motor Power COPYRIGHT 1908, BY THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS No other makes of Lawn Mowers, either hand, horse or motor power are used on New York City Parks The U.S. Capitol Grounds and many other Large Public Grounds throughout America SEND FOR CATALOGUE COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. 60 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. Coldwell . Style D Motor Mower XIV PARK AND CEMETERY. Elmhurst, the new cemetery at Jol- iet, 111., has let the contract to Mateer Bros., for the erection of a chapel and receiving vault and office building, the two structures to cost $15,000. They will be of Gothic architecture, of re- enforced concrete construction and with red tile roofs. Rev. Father T. J. Holland, in charge of Holy Cross Cemetery, Mal- den, Mass., is to spend $40,000 in im- proving the grounds. A new adminis- tration building for Superintendent Rafferty is to be built and offices now maintained in Boston abandoned. Holy Cross has about 100,000 inter- ments, the annual average being about ,3,000. Two greenhouses have been erected in Oak Grove Cemetery, Fall River, Mass., the beginning of a range of eight houses and a conservator}^ to be erected as needed. The stock is used to supply lot owners and for the parks and cemeteries which are under the management of a commission. The greenhouses were erected by the Weathered Co. Egbert Lawton is su- perintendent of Oak Grove Cemetery and Howard Lothrop superintendent of parks. The Odd Fellows Cemetery, Sacra- mento, Cal., is a modern lawn tract of twelve acres, opened about three years ago. H. W. Leonard has been superintendent for about a year. The National Burial Device Co., of Coldwater, Mich., who manufactured the well known National casket low- ering device, have just installed one of their casket elevators in Montrose Cemetery chapel in Chicago. This firm makes a specialty of chapel de- vices but this one is specially con- structed. It is set in the tiling and provided with a platform that comes level with the tile floor so that a church truck with the casket is rolled directly on the device platform and after the services are .concluded the operator in the basement is signaled by an electric button and the casket quietly sinks from view without any apparent manipulation. The casket can be again raised to the chapel as easily as it disappeared. It makes a substantial addition to their already elegant chapel. Mr. R. R. Ki nney, president of the National Burial De- vice Co., is the inventor of the Nation- al Device and an expert in this line of machinery. O. C. Simonds of Chicago has been engaged to draw up the planting plan for Grand Lawn Cemetery of Detroit, Mich. Many other improvements Hardy and Tender Water Lilies, Nelumbiums, Victorias, etc. These make appropriate decoration for parks, cem- eteries, etc. Ourlististhe mostcomplete in thiscountry, Write for our “Water Lily Leaflet” and see prices in our QUARTERLY WHOLESALE PRICE LIST. We will be pleased to give information and practical advice to superintendents who desire to use this class of plants. HENRY A. DREER,^^ Universal Lawn Shears For Trimmuig Your Lawn Don’t crawl around on your knees with a pair of sheep shears. Its easier to use the Universal Lawn Shears. Operator stands erect, moving the bandies cuts the grass in places where mower can’t travel. One blade remains stationary permitting its use against Buildings, Trees, Fences, Mon- uments, etc,; also handy for trimming vines and hedges. Adjustable to any angle with- out tools. Light in weight, strong, durable and mechanically perfect. Blades oiltemper- ed,wiil retain cutting edge indefinitely, 9 in. blade $2, 12 in. blade $2.50. Yourdealer can supply you or we-will ship it prepaid on receipt of price. Write for rcular. SWEET-CLARKE CO. 1 f Jamestown, N. Y. Steele St. 34 YEARS GROWING EVERGREENS and Forest trees. Over 88 tested hardy varieties. All : Nursery grown. We have over 60 millions and ship safely to all parts of the country. Our trees live and grow, because they have good roots. Large as well as small trees supplied. $4.00 and up per thousand. Our new catalog is a mine of information. You can have a beautiful Windbreak, Hedge, Shelterbelt or Screen with the hardiest of Evergreens at a very low cost. Our Bargain sheet describes 60 bargain lots from $1.00 per 100 and up. Millions of Nursery grown Forest trees. Shade and Ornamentals, Shrubs. Roses and Vines. Send today for free Catalog and Bargain sheet. f-flf f Evergreen Specialist ^ Box 238» Dundee, Illinois WHITE GLAZED XERRAV-COXXA GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO.. Limaville. Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Galvanized Cast Iron Grave &Lot Marks "A Gua.ra.ntee ‘with Every Mark" Mar., lor an BERGER MFG. CO. Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St., CINCINNATI, 0. Catalog on Request Portland Cement Grave and Lot Markers. Made on Moulding Machine, Pat. Aug. 13, 1901, and Tamping Machine, Pat. July 28,1903. Made 3 inch, 3)4 inch, 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically ever- t TX i x-. i xn lasting. For circulars and prices, Address Lr60. (j. UcinSC, 03.K. Jr3.Tli, 111. PARK AND CEMETERY. XV The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND FOR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED THAT THE NATIONAL LOWERING DEVICE Is appreciated more every day is made plain by the fact that in 1908 Sales Increased 331% Over 1907 The National has been adopted by the WAR DEPARTMENT for the NATIONAL CEMETERIES of OUR COUNTRY. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE TO NATIONAL BURIAL DEVICE CO., : : COLDWATER, MICHIGAN WHEELS 10 Inches in Diameter CUTTER 8 Inches in Diameter DIAMOND H1QH=QRASS LAWN MOWER Made for CEMETERY USE REVOLVING All blades crucible BLADES Cast Steel width of cut. Price, Will Cut Grass 2 to 10 inches High Phosphor Bronze Bearings The DIAMOND will go where no other hand mower can follow For hard, heavy work, it has no equal in the world THREE NET PRICES FOR CASH WITH ORDER 15 inches 17 inches 19 inches 21 inches npt $6.50 $7.50 $8.50 $9.5° DILLE & McGUlRE MFQ. CO. RICHMOND, IND. XVI PARK AND CEMETERY. will be made upon this property in the coming season, including a $6,000 office. A portion of the large artificial lake “Keneka” will be reserved for an aquatic garden and an artificial water- fall, operated by the extensive hy- draulic system now installed, will be a feature. The construction work will be facilitated by the switch which the Detroit United Railway has built into the grounds. The Hollywood Cemetery Co., of Memphis, Tenn., has been formed to develop a cemetery for colored people on a forty acre tract. A five acre tract has been purchased at Kennett Cal., and a company formed to develop it as a cemetery. The women in charge of Columbia Cemetery, Princeton, Ind., are plan- ning to raise $4,000 for its improve- ment. Five thousand dollars has been ap- propriation for improvements and main- tenance of Diamond Grove and Jack- sonville Cemeteries, Jacksonville, 111. Lawrence ICahler has donated land for a cemetery to St. Michael’s Church, Gibsonburg, O. Hillside Cemetery, Haverhill, Mass., is considering the advisability of building a receiving tomb this spring. E. A. Emerson is president of the board, and J. W. Reynolds superin- tendent.' Twentv acres will be added to Ma- ple Hill Cemetery, Cadillac, Mich. Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, O., has purchased an addition of 38 acres. The Homestead Cemetery Associa- tion, Youngstown, O., has been in- corporated by John Tod and others. Superintendent O. H. Ellis, of the Colebrook Cemetery, Whitman, Mass., is to extend the wall about the cemetery this spring. Fairmount and Riverside Cemetery Associations, Denver, Col., will ex- pend $20,000 in improvements the coming season. Miss Anna E. Felt has offered to donate to Greenwood Cemetery, Ga- lena, 111., a stone chapel to be known as the Felt Memorial Chapel. Plans have been prepared by Claude & Starch, architects, of Madison, Wis., and the work of construction will soon begin. H. D. Howard is secre- tary of the association. Engineer E. B. Wilhelm has com- pleted plans for a reinforced concrete reservoir for Grand Lawn Cemetery, Detroit, Mich. The structure will have a capacity of 30,000 gallons and will be used as a part of the extensive hy- draulic system which is to be in- SHADY NOOKS If you have a particularly shady spot under the trees, that has defied your efforts to keep it green, we want you to try our SHADY NOOK LAWN SEED We have yet to see a place too shady (except under evergreens) for this seed to make a fine lawn, if the soil is well fertilized. A trial pound, enough to sow 200 square feet, mailed for 30c. S lbs. $1.00; 25 lbs. $4.50, carriage extra. Guaranteed Nursery Stock CHOICE IREES, CONIFERS RHODODENDRONS, ETC. for Parks and Cemeteries Wiite for Prices P. HAMILTON GOODSELL Nurseryman and Landscape Contractor 200 Broadway, New York City Phone 5617 Oort. A. C. KENDEL 2010 Ontario St., CLEVELAND, O. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers WaterSupply^ for Country Houses. The Problem Solved No elevated tank to freeze or leak. Tank located in cellar. Anv pressure up to 60 lbs. The ideal tire protection. Send for Illustrated Catalogue Let our Engineersfigureout your needs ' lunt'MossCo.43S.MarketSt. Boston furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a jfrave. Write for samples of goods. Baker Bros. & Co. Tififin, 0. "ParK. and Cemetery The best Medium I ' ■ ' - — I ...s for keeping" before Park and Cemetery Superintendents. Harrison Granite Co. Granite Works BARRE.VT. main Office 44 E. 23d St. New York ARTISTIC ^ MEMORIALS Lar'will Mausoleum^ Wooster, O. Erected by Harrison Granite Co. IN GRANITE AND BRONZE FOR CEMETERIES AND PARKS Special Designs Sub- mitted for Receiving ■Vaults. Memorial Chapels, Mausoleums, Sarcophagi and Pub- lic and Private Menu- ments to be erected in any part of the United States. PARK AND CEMETERY. XVII stalled in the new cemetery grounds. Two fountains of sixty foot jet com- bined with an artificial waterfall into one of the lakes, will be prominent features. The River Rouge, which traverses the property for a distance of nearly a mile, will be used as a source of water supply. CEMETERY MONUMENTS {See cover illustration) The illustration on the cover shows one of the better class of cemetery monuments, an adaptation of the popular exedra so often seen in public monuments to the private cemetery lot. It is a well-proportioned dignified piece of granite work and is set off by a well-planted vase. The monu- ment is of Barre granite, 16-4x9-6x4-6 in general dimesions, and the bronze vase is 3-9 high. It stands on the Schnull family lot in Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, and was erected by Goth & Co., of that city. CLASSIFIED ADS TO cents a line each insertion; 6 words to a line: minimum Price 50 cents. Coty must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY, NEW ENGLAND GROWN Plants. A general line of nursery stock adapted to cemetery or home grounds. Evergreens and Rhododendrons In specimens — severai times transplanted. Send for catalog. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS; Strong weil-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniei A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskevllle, R. I. FERNS BY THE MILLION for in and outdoors. Largest commercial collection in the country. Ask for descriptive cata- logue. J. F. Anderson, Fern Specialist, Short Hills, N. .1. Landscape Architects F. E. PEASE, LANDSCAPE GARDEN- ER, Des Moines, la. Parks, home grounds, residential subdivisions and lawn plan cemeteries. Correspondence Invited. I WANTED I WANTED ASSISTANT LANDSCAPE GARDENER capable of executing plans and handling men and must have a good general knowledge of the different branch- es; in city of about 90,000; middle west; state age and salary wanted. Address Landscape Gardener, care Park and Ceme- tery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience ia cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. CIVIL ENGINEER, experienced ceme- tery surveyor and draftsman and designer of modern cemeteries desires position; best refrences. Address W. J. C. Ludders, No. 302 Quincy Bldg., Denver, Colo. Squier’s Weed Killer Absolutely the most effectual made. Has the greatest covering capacity of any. Its effects of longest duration. Most economical of any to use. Send for circulars giv- ing prices and testimonials from the largest users in the world. E. Harrison Mfg. Co. Rahway, N. J. TARGET BRAND Weed Killer Sold at retail by a thousand seed houses and dealers. _ Special prices in quantities to parks and cemeteries. “Target Brand, "box 726, Martlnsburg, tV. Va. and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees. Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted — Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence In the World. FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry^s 7^£S Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata- logue mailed free on request. /, MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES EtTliUSHED 1B40 Box W , RocheMter, N. Y. 5000 Gannas, moss rooted, in 6 good varieties. Allemania, Kate Gray, Pennsyl- vania, Chicago, Mary Washington, Chas. Henderson— $5.00 per 100. 5000 Vincas Variegated 2,3,4 inch at $2.50-$5.00. $ I OiOO per 100. Send for prices on ferns and general green- house and bedding stock. West End Greenhouses, Schmalzl & Hembreiker, Lincoln, III. Cemetery Records Systems of Records for Cemeteries of ail sizes. Send for Specimen Pages to PARK AND CEMETERY 324DearbornSt. CHICAGO Vases, Settees Chairs and Window Boxes Largest Manufacturers in the U. S. Write for Cat. “B” If Interested The Kramer Bros. Foundry Co. DAYTON :: OHIO LANDSCAPE GARDENING - = By F. A. Waugh An admirable treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art, with many suggestions for their application to the commoner problems of gardening. Illustrated, 12 mo. Cloth; price, $0.50. Sent postpaid by R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS XVIII PARK AND CEMETERY. Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER BUFFALO Pins An Entirely Perfected and Practical Steam Roller Write for catalog, showing complete line, including Macadam rollers, Scarifiers, etc. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co. - Buffalo, N. Y. Eastern Offices : 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City No other device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. Write The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts. Cleveland, Ohio PARK AND CEMETERY. XIX New York, Philadelphia, LAWN CARTS and all styles of barrows and carts. Write for catalogue to LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. LANSING, MICH. WAREHOUSES: Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis and San Francisco FLORAL DEVICE The arrangement of flowers or floral designs at the grave has often puzzled you. You have never found a device to aid you, for until now there has been none. We offer you the Adjustable Flower Holding and Grave Covering Device, which not only displays the flowers, but also auto- matically, neatly, quietly, safely and gradually carries them over the grave as the casket is lowered. This device weighs less than thirty-five pounds, is strong, durable, simple and adjustable to any size grave. It can be used in conjunction with or without any lowering device. It can be set up in less than five minutes. It cannot fail to work. Be first in your locality to have this device, which, though small in cost, adds wonderfully to the completeness of a funeral. Your competitor will eventually have one. Let him follow, not lead you. J. C. VAN AKEN Cy CO., Ridgway, Pa. RESERVOIR IRON VASES SETTEES Manufactured by Me Donald Brothers 108-114 Liberty St, COLDMBLS OHIO Send for Catalogue The Lawns of Old England Are famous for their wonderful perfection and durability. Such lawns may be produced in this country if Imported English Lawn Grass Seed is used. No weed seeds or coarse grasses. Hardy and beauti- ful in color and texture. Send for directions— How to Seed and Keep a Beautiful English Lawn. Free. Blatchford’s Agricultural Works, Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, III. Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 TOWSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knjves All Our Hand Mowers are Ball Bearing SENT ON THEIR MERITS Write for Catalog S. P. Townsend Co. ORANGE, N. J. XX PARK AND CEMETERY. ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE PARKS ANd\;E^TERIES IT WILL NOT KINK Our RUBBER HOSE is made by a new and improved process. The fabric is seamless circular braided and the hose is vulcanized under pressure, and it is impossible for it to separate between the plies. It is made in any continuous length and is stronger and more durable than the old style Duck Wrapped Hose, d It will outlast any other hose on the market two to one and while it is NOT THE CHEAPEST, IT IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE For sale by all Supply and Seed Houses. Q Specify "Electric ” and be sure it has the corrugated cover and the brand shown above. ELECTRIC HOSE RUBBER CO. :: WILMINGTON, DEL. Our VITRIFIED andGLAZED Grave Markers are NEAT, EVERLASTING and INEXPENSIVE "i We make them 18" ^ in length by 4^" outside diameter. In use at all large ceme- teries. We will quote delivered price on any quantity desired. Laclede - Christy Clay Products Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. John Reid, Detroit, Mich., Sapt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries, has used the Device 3,600 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mioh., Oct. 4, 1906. Gentlemen— In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as its neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that in the cemeteries under my charge we have nine of your Devices In use and used them at least 8,600 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best— There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen the brake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device. The entire weight of device 75 founds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen — I desire to say that I do not see where it would be possible to improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time (all your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. JohnMarsellusMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Oo., San Franclsoo, Gal, The O.K, Buckhout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co., Los Angeles, Cal. PARK AND CEMETERY. XXI The Van Dorn Iron Works Co., Cleveland, Ohio Erected for Scripps Estate, Detroit, Mich, by us in 1908. We make a specialty of Iron Fence - AND Entrances TO No. 122. Lawn Seat. All Steel CEMETERIES AND PARES Also Latge Manufacturers of Steel Lawn Seats, Iron Vases, Vault Doors and Vault Appliances Write us for catalogue and estimates STONE GRAVE VAULTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. • Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. ncDBRnOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. GRAVE AND LOT MARKERS THE DODDRIDGE GRAVE LININGiS are gotten up in various styles of muslin, bunting and coberg, taste- fully made, or from Bosco, crushed or Jap silk, with chiffon lace trim- ming. We furnish heavy oiled pa- per backs to prevent them from getting soiled or muddy, and while these grave linings are supposed to be used like a casket for one time only, they may be used repeatedly until soiled. Prices range from $1.50 up for Lining down to Vault and$3.oo up for complete Linings. They are neatly packed in boxes the size of a suit case. No frames to handle. Full directions in each box. Where less than one half dozen are ordered at one time they will be shipped by express. These linings transform the ap- pearance of the grave from the rough, cold, repulsive thing we have known to one of beauty, giv- ing it a restful appearance; doing it so neatly, cheaply and completely that they are the wonder of all who see them. The Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. MILTON, - IND, This zs our Style No. 2 Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Lining will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, MicKi^an The American Motor Road Roller is made in 7 = lo = 12 = 15 ton sizes It is made to withstand every day hard service of the road. Its moving parts are fewer and stronger and its bearings more ample than any other roller, therefore its life is longer. It negotiates any hill where road wheels can get a foothold. It is always under control be- cause ONE LEVER controls the ENTIRE MACHINE. It is the most elastic roller in power and capacity for work, because it has two positive gear speeds. Portion of the hill in this photo- graph was over 20% grade. The roller easily negotiated it and even stopped, reversed and restarted on the steepest por- tion without the least trouble. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND TESTIMONIALS THE AUSTIN-WESTERN COMPANY, LTD. = - = CHICAGO Entered as Second Class Matter June 9. 1900, at the Post-OflOce at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St„ Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 3. MAY, 1909 FLOWER PARTERRE AND LORING SHPILTER, LORIXG PARK, MINNEAPOLIS. (See page 34.) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE W. k T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. Send for our landscape architect who WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN will furnish designs and show you Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, how, where, when and what to plant Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres Popularity proven by repeated orders. Plenty of A-1 references and recommen- dations. Only metallic Park Basket that is light and easy to handle: still not subject to break- age in handling about the grounds. Has deep corrugated inside can, remov- able for empty contents. Park, Cemetery and Improvement Boards send your address and receive description, etc: in detail. THE STEEL BASKET CO. CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA SPECimETN E VEROREEINS LARQE ASSORTMENT. All lifting with gcx)d ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity . ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. HYDRANGEA QUERCIFOLIA I offer a limited stock of strong plants of this most de- sirable shrub. My assortment includes many other things. My Evergreens are grown for specimens. Shade Trees too. Write for catalogue. liMl HIRAM T. JONES Union County Nurseries ELIZABETH, N. J SHRUBS Big, heavy bushes of ihrifty shrubs; j to t ft. high. They’re in splendid condition to transplant. The assortment of varieties is unusually large. Evergreens, Shade Trees and other Nursery Stock of high quality is offered in just as great abundance. It’s worth your while to send us your lists for prices and to ask for our catalogues. The W. H. Moon Co„ Smith St., Morrisville, Pa. Philadelphia Office 6th floor, Stephen Girard Bldg. LAWN GRASS SLLD BECKERT’S EVERGREEN MIXTURE— Florists and Landscape Gardeners desiring a lawn seed that will give them perfect results should use this mixture. Price per bushel of 22 lbs., $3.00. BEST GRADES OF ALL GRASS SEEDS. Write for prices. W. C. BECKERT Allegheny, Pa. Kill the weeds and grass that deface your walks and drives. FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER Original fntroducers of Weed Killing Chemicals. Beware of cheaf) fmitations. No Failures. Thirteen Fears' Experience. Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY. Does not spoil the appearance of the walks or drives. Kills the weeds and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean. EXAMINE THIS ^ barrel of 5o gals, will make 25oo gals, of liquid ready to apply to the roadway, covering 75oo Sq. Yds. of surface, TABLE OF COST: and costing LESS THAN 2 CTS. A GALLON TO PUT ON. THE OLD METHOD of hoeing out weeds and grass is too costly. TRY OUR WAY and you will never be content with any other. Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN or direct to FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY, Only Makers, N. W. Cor. Broad & Fairmount Ave. , Philadelphia, Pa. Thirteenth Tear of Successful Weed Killing Also makers of the celebrated Fairmount San fose Scale Killer. PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill Mott’s Park and Cemetery Fountains COPYRIOHT 1608. BY «!• Lj MOTT IRON WORKS We issue separate catalog of: Lawn and Park Fountains Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze Railings and Entrance Gates Gas and Electric Light Pillars Settees and Chairs Statuary Requests for Catalogues should specify the subject you are interested in. COPYflIGHT 1908, BY THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT Eifth Avenue and 17th Street, NEW YORK THE GENUINE Philadelphia LAWN MOWERS Give Universal Satisfaction The Philadelphia Lawn Trimmer has become very popular. It gives entire satisfaction. It trims within a quarter of an inch of trees, coping borders etc. For more information see descriptive circular. The Philadelphia Horse Lawn Sweeper sweeps 40 inches in width, is self dumping by driver while in motion, sweeps perfectly clean; gathers up grass, leaves, stones, sticks etc. and leaves the lawn in good condition. Ask for special circular. The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Co. 3101-3109 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. IV PARK AND CEMETERY. Plant in Summer Yes, it may be done successfully if you use our potted plants. They are so well established in pots and tubs, so thrifty and so well packed for shipment that they are bound to arrive in good condition and give satisfactory results — and you don’t lose the season’s growth. Write for folder “Potted Plants for Summer planting.’’ Order early as stock is limited. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Dresher Box X Pa. WAY AHEAD GARDEN HOSE Seamless, moulded, in any length up to 500 feet. The Brand named “WAYAHEAD” is guaranteed to be nonkinkable, and will be replaced if it bursts during the season. How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons. Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York City. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago Per foot 18c — up to 100 feet. “ “ 16c — from 100 to 250 feet. “ “ 15c — in coils of 500 feet. This Price Includes Couplings CEMETERY RECORDS Simple, complete system of records for cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago STUMPP& WALTER CO. so BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK Ornamentals NURSERY GROWN EVERGREENS TREES SHRUBS REPENNIALS As Collectors Thro our various collecting stations we can supply almost any native Tree, Shrub, Ever- green, Perennial, Bulb, Fern, etc. This spring we shipped three full carloads of collected stock, besides hundreds of shipments of lesser amounts. recurvatum Trilliums grandiflorum Fems bettSr sorts nivale Cypripedium, Habenaria, etc. Orchids Lillium philadelphicum and Trillium grandiflorum in 100,000 lots. Orders for collected stock must get here early as most perennials die back soon after bloom- ing and collection is difficult or impossible. Seeds year we sold over 10 tons tree and shrub seed. Let us quote on your wants. We can serve your interest well. Hopedale Nurseries HOPEDALE, ILL. “Universal” Lawn Trimmer Cuts every blade of grass left by the Lawn Mower close to Buildings. Fences, Walls, Shrubbery, etc., etc. Dispenses en- tirely with hand Grass Hook. Time saved will pay its cost in one season, SELF ADJUSTING BALL BEARINGS Self Sharpening Tension Drawcut Wiper Blades, Hardened lip- ped edge Stationary Knife cutting to of an inch of end of Trimmer, Double Grip Handle on line with Driving Wheel. BLAIR MANUFACTURING CO. SPRINGFIELD, MASS., U. S. A. Patentees and Manufacturers PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING Vol. XIX Chicago, May, 1909 No. 3 Kansas City and the Billboards Kansas City, Mo., through her new city charter, believes she has found the first practical method of doing away with the billboard nuisance. The city council is given authority to prohibit by ordinance the construction or maintenance of billboards in any part of the city, but must remunerate property owners for damages thereby caused them, unless by consent, the amount of damages to be determined by jury. These damages and costs are to be considered as expended' for public improvement and are to be assessed against the property in the prescribed district. The charter also provides for regulation, and an ordinance to effect this has been declared valid by the Circuit Court, but inapplicable to billboards already in existence. According to court rulings, billboards may be taxed like other property, but cannot be taxed out of existence. Ng The Modern Cemetery The “modern cemetery” is essentially a progressive term. From the first inception of the enlightened idea, through all its practical adaptation, and even up to the immediate present, progressive improvement, both ethi- cally and materially, has marked its progress. First, the landscape, then the rules and regulations to maintain the change, and through it all radical reform in the matter of monuments and accessories. Reform in the latter di- rections is still an active principle, and in deference to the predominating influence of the landscape, the proportions of the monuments and headstones and the number of the markers are being sensibly subordinated. Footstones are rapidly disappearing, and headstones, so far as hei ght above ground is concerned, are being restricted; in Lake- wood Cemetery, Minneapolis, for example, headstones are now set level with the ground. Landscape art and memo- rial art will be the distinguishing features of the cemetery of the future. They will be veritable burial parks, in which affection and reverence will be stimulated by the beauty which, on every hand, will hallow the last resting places of those who have “fallen asleep.” The Appalachian Forest Bill The ridiculous condition of Congress as regards the re- lations of the representatives of the people to the people, was never better illustrated than by the vicissitudes of the Appalachian Forestry bill. There cannot be any question as to the importance of the measure in the light of recent investigations and revelations on the value and effects of forest areas on the country protected by them; nor does there seem to be any doubt as to the public desire to have the bill enacted into law. But filibustering sen- ators, serving either limited constituencies or special in- terests, determined that the bill should not pass at the last session, and so it was referred to the committee on “forest reservations and the protection of game.” A para- mount necessity at the present time of our national ex- istence is radical reform in Congress, to the end that the people may have such confidence in their representatives that the passage or rejection of a bill may be accepted in good faith. This is far from being the case now. The people are rapidly becoming profoundly impressed with the ne- cessity of preserving certain proportions of forest area, in order to secure better results and protection from rainfall, and the statistics gathered in support of the preservation of the Appalachian Forests invite immediate and serious attention, and the passage of the bill. Every friend of the forests should take particular care to let his representative and senators know that he is vitally interested in the passage of this bill. Before and during the next congress they should be seen, written and urged by every available means, till they can no longer ignore the demands of intelligent conservation. Ng Ng State Parks The public is rapidly appreciating the importance of conserving our natural resources, and is concentrating at- tention quite seriously upon state ownership. In this direction Wisconsin is taking a decided lead and in a wise and business-like manner. The board of' State Park Commissioners engaged a prominent landscape man to accompany its members in the examination and appraise- ment of its resources for the purpose of setting apart available areas. A high order of intelligence is necessary in this work of selection, because with the resources to be conserved there should be studiously considered the park-like promises of the tract, and its natural economic value in connection with the water flow controlled by it. That every state in the Union should take up this question needs no argument. In the majority of cases the most valuable areas for the combined purposes could be now acquired at reasonable prices, a condition which will not improve as the years pass, whereas such improvements and facilities for the public welfare will be beneficial to the surrounding lands and to the state at large in an ever increasing ratio. Ng National Federatian of Art Societies At time of going to press there is being held at Wash- ington, D. C., a convention of Art Societies at which it is proposed to form a permanent National Federation of Art Societies and Institutions. The convention was called by the Regents of the National Academy of Arts, and all societies composed of members having artistic aims, as well as town and village improvement organizations and associations looking to the improvement of public taste, have been invited to participate by sending delegates. Addresses will be delivered by eminent public men, and among the subjects on the program are; Artistic Control of City and Village Municipal Development; Art Exhibi- tions, Some Practical Method of Moving Good Exhibi- tions from Place to Place; The Education of the Public by Lecture Courses on the Fine Arts; More Effective Con- trol of the Government Fine Arts; The Possibility of a Bureau, with Consulting Board, to Control the Fine Arts of the Government; Art Education; Free Entry of For- eign Works of Art. The Regents of the Academy of Arts should be cordially supported in their belief that the time is ripe for the organization of a permanent Federa- tion for promoting the art interests of the country. We should have something to succeed thC' era of the strenuous life that has been now so long eating into the vitals! of the moral strength of the American people, and' we sorely need now that attention should be diverted to' something that will relieve the tension. It is quite logical to believe that th.e study of art and its promotion, in its relation to a higher development in the life and surroundings of the people will supply this diversion. PARK AND CEMETERY. 3 4 BUSY YEAR’S WORK IN THE MINNEAPOLIS PARKS The acquiring of land for one of the most complete, well balanced and nat- urally beautiful park systems in the world which has been pursued with rare wisdom, energy and public spirit for several years past in Minneapolis is now practically complete, and the park board in its handsome annual report just issued lays the question of their improvement before the peo- ple. There is little doubt that the peo- ple will authorize the necessary leg- islation for an era of park construc- tion that will give this city a system in many features unmatched in this country. The retiring president of the board, Hon. J, E. Nortlirup, puts the question forcibly to the public in these words: “The acquisition of land for park purposes in Minneapolis may be con- sidered as complete, in the sense that we are now in possession of those strategic points which are vitally nec- essary to a well-rounded and properly connected park system. Having ful- filled our primary duty, that of acquir- ing properly related park lands, we are about entering on a new era in park development, that of improve- ment, in some particulars the most im- portant work we are called upon to do. Our parks, attractive as they now are, are but the blocks of marble awaiting the chisel of the sculptor to bring them into their fullest beauty, a beauty that will give us the finest park system possessed by any city in America, and which, when completed, will command the admiration of the world. The parks have been secured; now the improvements may be de- ferred or vigorously prosecuted as, the people of Minneapolis may decide. It is for them to say.” Superintendent Theodore Wirth, in his review of the year’s work, tells of much important construction and out- lines plans for the future which show that he expects to continue as busy as he has been in the past. The appropriation for the mainte- nance of the entire park system for the past year was $124,100. The total cost of maintenance was $123,602.64, of which $78,387.72 was for labor, in- cluding policing, and $45,664.71 for lighting, materials, repairs and miscel- laneous expenditures. The average cost of maintenance for the entire sys- tem per acre was $35.68. There are inclusive of parkways, 2,465 acres. SHELTER HOUSE, POWDERHORN LAKE PARK, MINNEAPOLIS. PARK AND CEMETERY. 35 1,708 acres of which is land and 757.0 acres water. The most important work was the extensive dredging and filling at the Lake of the Isles. Dredging operations conducted by the La Crosse Dredging Co. have been very successful. There were for a time three dredges in operation, one orange peel, one dipper and one hy- draulic dredge. The first two were used to - cast up the new shore line, while the latter did the filling behind the embankment. The orange peel dredge proved to be the best exca- vator of the material that had to be handled, which consisted of peat throughout, and as the casting up of the shore lines proceeded faster than the hydraulic dredge could follow, the dipper dredge was put out of commis- sion in August. The length of the newly made shore line is 7,900 feet, and the territory filled and graded be- tw'een the new' shore lines and the boulevard, averaging in width from 25 to 200 feet, has an area of 16.3 acres. The improved grounds have been raised from 2 to 4 feet, the grade slop- ing towards the lake. All the material used for this large amount of filling was pumped out of the lake. The boulevard from Twenty-seventh street on, along the entire above described territory, to within 200 feet of Penn avenue, has been raised from 1 to 11 feet. The amount of gravel and sand used for that fill was 35,000 cubic yards, 22,000 cubic yards of which came out of the lake, and 13,000 cubic yards from shore banks. The road- way has been graded to take care of not onl}^ its own surface W'ater . but also of the intersecting streets. The entire water area covered by the dredging operations has now a depth of not less than eight feet, but in many places where gravel was found, the hydraulic dredge excavated to a depth of 30 feet and more, this material being used for the raising of the boulevard and the sanding of the beach. The total cost of this work was $33,329. The new workshops and store- houses at Lyndale Farmstead which were under construction last year dur- ing the convention of the park super- intendents, have been completed at a cost of $27,358. The storehouse has three floors including a basement 44x 48 feet, serving for the housing of the launch, band wagon, rollers, etc.; wagon and sprinkler sheds, wash stands and machinist’s storeroom are on the first floor which is 48x130 feet. The second floor contains the boat room, 48x130 feet, with accom- modations for 300 rowboats. Separated from the storehouse by a 25-foot driveway is the new workshop, connected with the storehouse by a bedroom for the foreman or watch- man. Over the carpenter and paint shop is a half-story storeroom. An overhead trolley runs from the boat- room to the carpenter and paint shop. IN MISSISSIPPI PARK, MINNEAPOLIS. concrete foot bridge between paint shop and boat room. This building is two and one-half stories high. The basement, which is on the same grade as the wagon sheds, or the first floor of the storehouse, contains the ma- chine and plumbing shops, and in a small lean-to the boiler and engine room. The first floor on grade with the second floor of the storehouse con- tains the carpenter and paint shop, and in a lean-to above the boiler and engine room is the office and small making the removal of the boats to and from the shops very easy. The boat racks are all of steel set into the concrete and brick work. The build- ings are of absolutely fireproof con- struction in every detail, are practical in arrangement and of neat appear- ance. The outside finish is rough cast concrete. The workshops are steam heated and well equipped with steam and gasoline engines and machinery. Roth buildings are electrically lighted. handsome shelter has been built in Powderhorn Lake Park. The PARK AND CEMETERY. 3b building is entirelj- of concrete with steel frame roof covered with tile. The roof projects ten feet over the outside walls. The floor is reinforced concrete. The inside dimensions are 40.X100 feet, all in one large room excepting a checkroom’, a small boiler the Rose Garden and the grading of the surrounding grounds. The Rose Garden itself, although its plantings were young, was a beautiful sight during August and September. The new Soldiers’ Home bridge, built by the trustees of the Home at from Hennepin avenue to Willow street. The tennis courts were re- built and equipped with iron pipe net-posts and the bank along West Fifteenth street was planted with shrubbery and perennials. The demand for floral decorations •WORK SHOPS AND STORE HORSES, MINNEAPOLIS P.VRK SYSTEM. room and two small store rooms, which latter are used for refreshment stands during the skating season. The shelter is used in the winter as a warming house for the skaters, and by taking off all the windows and doors in the summer, it becomes a cool open shelter to be used in connection with the playgrounds, and the boating on the lake. The building is steam heated and lighted by gas. The cost .of the building was $13,491. It was designed by Architect L. A. Lamo- reaux. King’s Highway from DuPont ave- nue to Lake Harriet, was macadam- ized as follows: A six-inch layer of 2-inch limestone was rolled to a smooth surface on which was ap- plied a good coat of Tarvia. This was immediately covered with screen- ed pea gravel and rolled with a ten- ton steam roller: the result was a very fine, smooth surface. Lyndale Park received considera- ble attention through the planting of a cost of $40,000, was completed in September. It is a very handsome steel structure, spanning IMinnehaha glen in one beautiful, graceful arch 320 feet long, the abutments of the span being about halfway up the steep banks on both sides. In summer the two ends of the bridge with their perpendicular supports are almost en- tirely hidden by the foliage of the trees on the wooded banks, and only the arch-supported part of the bridge is visible from the glen. The bridge floor of reinforced concrete is 105 feet above the bed of the creek. The bridge has an 18-foot roadwa3' and two sidewalks, each six feet wide. The entire length of the structure is a little over 600 feet. The park board furnished the broken stone necessary for all concrete work and built the approaches and the roadwaj' to and over the bridge. Loring Park ' received another ad- dition of well constructed cement walks, thus making a continuous walk in the parks, and especially the small triangles, is steadily increasing and has been complied with as far as pos- sible. The total output of plants was 118,905. A chrysanthemum exhibition was given during the first half of November. Eight hundred potted plants were in bloom, making an ex- cellent show. The estimated number of visitors was fully six thousand. C. N. Ruedlinger, the forester of the system, reports the total number of deciduous shrubs used in all plant- ings as about 14,100 nursery grown and 20,000 collected plants. The street tree planting of last year consisted only of the replacing of 160 dead trees. Collected trees have shown a very much larger percentage of loss than the nursery grown trees. The forester recommends that the depart- ment use nursery grown trees exclu- sively for street planting. He says that if an annual appropriation of not less than $4,000.00 is made every year, it should be possible to keep the PARK AND CEMETERY. ■M street trees of the city in fairly good condition. A large amount of for- estry work in all parks, and especially in the natural woodlands, is urged for immediate attention. C. T. Booth, supervisor of play- grounds, tells of the equipment of one new playground and the addition to the force of six instructors. The attendance at the playgrounds has been remarkable and exceeds greatly that of 1907. During July and Au- gust careful estimates were made of the attendance where instructors were in charge. The estimated at- tendance for those two months was 350,000. Road oiling was begun in July and 60,569 gallons of oil procured from the Eastern Kansas Oil Co., of Mo- ran, Kas., and the Standard Oil Co. The cost of the oil was cents per gallon F. O. B. Minneapolis. Both oils were of a paraffin base and con- sequently had no binding qualities. The oil was put on the roadways at an average of about one-half gallon per square yard. Mr. Wirth recom- mends that if an asphaltum oil can be procured at the same or not much increased cost, it would be better to use it on account of its binding quali- ties. In his recommendations for this year’s work, the superintendent urges the completion of the important work at the Lake of the Isles at an ap- proximate cost of $40,000. Three plans are submitted for the Lake street boulevard. Definite plans for the west shore boulevard have not yet been pre- pared. The approximate estimate of cost for the lake connections, im- provements to Lake street and the boulevard, is from $75,000 to $80,000. The bridges are to be either solid stone or reinforced concrete struc- tures with natural stone facing; some- thing. similar in character to the de- sign shown here. In discussing the problem of road construction Mr. Wirth says: “The South Park Commission of Chicago, after trying almost every other method of road building and all kinds of improved pavements has decided in favor of bitullthic pavement. The cost of entire new con- struction of such pavements is from $2 to $2.75 per sq. yd. Such expensive construc- tion is, of course, beyond our means. Near- ly similar results, however, may be achieved through a thorough method of tar macadam construction. I have in mind the follow- ing method: A 6-in. footing of broken limestone from 1 in. to 2 V2 in. in size, rolled dry to a smooth surface. This bed to be treated to a coat- ing of hot coal or pitch tar, applied by gravity or under pressure. On top of this I propose to lay a 1-in. layer of ^ to 1-in. stone previously mixed wilii tar in a regular mixer similar to those used for concrete. On this layer will be spread a thin layer of screened roofing gravel, which will be rolled into the tarred stone. The surface will then be covered with a light coat of Tarvla, which will be dressed with screened pea gravel rolled to a finished smooth sur- face. .lust enough of pea gravel will be applied to take up all the Tarvia. In this manner we will secure an impervious wear- ing surface of about 3 in. in thickness, and the gravel being much harder than the lime- stone, will form a firm surface not easily gi-ound up. I estimate that the expense for such a road will not exceed the cost of the ordi- nary water rolled macadam by more than 30 per cent while its life will be four times longer and dustless. The cost of mainte- nance will naturally be less than that of the road that has to be watered. I believe an application of Tarvia every two years with a pea gravel dressing will constitute all the repairs necessary, at a cost not exceed- ing 4 cents per sq. yd. “I strongly recommend that this exper- iment be carried out. as I am reasonably confident of satisfactory results.” On the proposed transformation of a dilapidated triangular space in front of the Union Station into a park Mr, Wirfh says: “The importance and value of the Gate- way Park is not so much in the proposed small park itself as a beauty spot and rec- reation ground, as is its influence towards the improvement of the .surrounding prop- erty. There is probably no other city in the country that possesses a similar oppor- tunity to create for itself such a dignified and attractive entrance as has Minneapolis in this proposed Gateway .scheme. If once carried out it will not only sati.sfy those that are now' opposed to it for one reason or another, but it will create a demand for more civic work and betterment along the same and other lines, and will lead towards the building of the “city beautiful” such as Minneapolis w'ell might be. STONE BRIDGE WITH CONCRETE ABUTMENTS FOR MINNEAPOLIS PARK SYSTEM. 38 PARK AND CEMETERY. UNIQUE PARK and BOULEVARD SYSTEM in OKLAHOMA By HOWARD EVA RTS WEED. BROOK NEAR PROPOSED OKLAHOMA They “do things dififerent” in Ok- lahoma. It is a new country and the people profit by the mistakes of oth- er localities. They take the short cuts to get the results and if a thing is practical, they know how to get it irrespective of precedent in proce- dure. The people of most of our cities grow from within outward and the outer park system is only pro- vided for when the inner parks be- come too crowded in proportion to population. The boulevards and pleasure driveways are only pro- vided for one at a time as slowly the people of the locality become edu- cated up to them. This results in the parks and boulevards being years behind the other things which go to make up civilization. It also makes them very costly. But this is not to be the Oklahoma way! Through the enterprise of Mr. Will H. Clark, Oklahoma City is to have a park and boulevard system which will be absolutely unique in its character. Mr. Clark is a park com- missioner and in his study of park conditions in other cities, he found restrictions as to the use of boule- vards. Thus in Milwaukee, he wanted to go over the parks and boulevards in an automobile! But no! It was not the day when automobiles were allowed. Then when he visited Chica- go, he found that the speed for auto- mobiles was very limited. This CITY BOULEVARD. caused him to say things generally indicated in print by . And so it is that Mr. Clark has been at work for two years past in the development of a park and boule- vard system well in keeping with the ambitions of Oklahoma City. A map of this system accompanies this arti- cle. Practically only the outer park system is now proposed — the inner small parks will follow soon enough as the people demand them. It is proposed to purchase two thousand acres of land adjacent to the city. Some of this will be. sold for build- ing sites after the boulevard is estab- lished and the real estate experts who have looked into the matter say that this will pay for the original cost of all the land. The boulevard at no place will be less than 200 feet wide — in most places much wider. The pleasure carriage drive will wind in and out, up and down the slight inclines. But the automobile drive will be entirely distinct from the carriage drive. There will be no sharp curves, only very slight grades and it will either go over or under all railway tracks and other roadways. At no point will this boulevard be m.ore than three and a half miles from the cen- tral portion of the town. Just im- agine an automobile track of 27 miles around a city of 50,000 without speed regulation! This will surely be a delight for automobile owners and make Oklahoma City the mecca to which all roads lead. It has been- my pleasure to go over the route of this proposed boulevard and I have never seen any place where a boule- vard could be made at such slight cost owing to such easy grades. From MAP OP OKLAHOMA CITY AND VICINITY. Black line Immediately around city shows course of proposed boulevard. PARK AND CEMETERY. 39 any of the large buildings of the city one can follow with a field glass the progress of every carriage or auto. What a delightful race track this will be when completed! The proposition to issue bonds for this great system was put before the voters April 27 and carried by a ma- jority of about two to one. With the same promptness and energy that the movement has been launched we may now expect to see the dirt fly. THE PROTECTION OF SHORE FRONTS The ouilding of stone walls, piling or crib work to protect the shores of lakes or ponds is a costly undertak- ing. There are manj^ places along the shores of the lakes where there is but little wave wash and which could be efficiently and economically protected by artificial plant growth. As a rule, the best protection is afforded by the judicious planting of moisture loving herbaceous plants which grow wild in the vicinity. Native plants almost invariably do better than those brought from a distance. Prof. Sar- gent says: “Small plants may be moved from their native habitat and planted near the margin of the pond, and some of their branches may be bent over on each side and layered deeply, and in this way a mass of plants would be speedily obtained. Or cuttings from one to two feet long may be taken in the autumn or spring. These cuttings should have their lower ends shoved ten to twelve inches into the soil. They may be planted pretty thickly together, as not all of them are likely to grow. Cut- tings of some of the foreign species of Willow, like the Basket Willow, form roots more readily than some of our indigenous species. Of course, cuttings are better than seeds. “Probably no better shrubby Wil- lows could be selected for this pur- pose than some of the native species which may be found in the local swamps and wet places. The narrow- leaved Silky Willow, Salix sericea; the Petioled Willow, S. petiolaris, and the Heart-leaved Willow, S. cordata, are among the best for such use. The Glaucous Willow, S. discolor, will also thrive in such situations, but it grows taller than the other species.” Besides the Willows, Alders may be found a good protection for the banks of ponds in some situations; and our native Button-bush, Cepha- lanthus occidentalis, will thrive and hold the soil in places so wet and boggy that even Willows and Alders will not grow. The way to assured success from plantings of this char- acter is to study the undisturbed nat- ural banks of a lake in the same region, noting the plants that are found associated together in such sit- uations and then reproducing, as far as possible, the effects produced in nature. Lester C. Griffith. REMARKABLE ANIMAL SCULPTURE at NEW YORK ZOO In the Zoological Garden in Bronx Park, New York- City, was lately completed a series of very remarkable buildings and decorative sculpture which distinguish this institution from all others in the world, and house a remarkably complete zoo. Never before have the unfor- tunate bipeds and quadrupeds in captivity been so well lodged, so well policed and sanitated, and never have their residences been so copiously adorned with their sculptured forms. The architects, formerly Messrs. Heins and La Farge, and now the surviving partner, Mr. Grant La Farge, son of the eminent painter, and the three official sculptors, Messrs. A. P. Proctor, Eli Harvey and G. R. Knight, have contrived to create a handsome but somewhat bizarre architectonic presentation which may be said to suggest well enough the actual situation — the gaiety and dignity appropriate to the handsome hous- ing of a great popular museum and the strange character of the exhibts. For those on the great Lion House, said to be the largest and finest of its kind in the world, it was thought by some of the members of the society’s committee on buildings that it would be inexpedient to look for native animal sculptors of sufficient talent and experience, in modeling the feline, and it was proposed to set up at the main entrances reproductions of certain of Barye’s lions. But the work of Mr. Eli Harvey, pupil of Fremiet, exposed at the Salon of 1900 and at the great exposition of that year, attracted the attention of one of the direct- ors of the society then in Paris, and it was suggested to the sculptor that he come home and try for the sculp- tural decorations. This he did, his sketches and studies, after running the triple gauntlet of the architect, the com- mittee and the art commission of the city, found favor, and it is his work which new adorns the building. This consists of the two pairs of seated lions, life size, in Ten- nessee marble, at the north and south entrances; the recumbent pair in high relief, African lion and lioness, in the pediment over each of these entrances; the several great heads of lions and tigers set in ornamental panels in the sides of the buildings; the thirty-eight smaller heads, repetitions of types of four of the largest cats, lion, tiger, puma and jaguar, modeled in their relative sizes, which adorn the cornice frieze of the exterior, and some ornamental work over the entrances in the interior, in addition to all this strictly zoological work, Mr. Har- vey modeled much of the architectural ornament. 40 PARK AND CEMETERY. AFRICAN LIONS; BEDFORD STONE PEDIMENT OVER ENTRANCE TO LION HOUSE. Eli Harvey, So. The recumbent animals on the pediments and the great snarling heads projecting from the panels on the walls, are carved in Indiana limestone, the general trim of the buildings; the smaller work is in terra-cotta, executed by the Atlantic Terra Cotta Company in Tottenville, Staten Island, but carefully superintended and given its finishing touches by the sculptor himself. As they now appear, these single figures and groups represent a great number of careful studies from life, many of them carried very far; the connubial pairs in the pediments having been particularly the subjects of serious consideration. It was finally decided that architectural requirements demanded the elimination of human figures, as first pro- posed; the presentation of the beasts in their quieter, rather than in their more dramatic, moods; and as nearly the size of life as the space in the pediment would permit. The architecture also required that the two big heads should be brought as near the middle of this trian- gular space as possible; and the sculptor further strength- ened this point of construction by his introduction of the African column. The carefulness of observation required in this art may be exemplied by the detail of the lioness’ paw overlapping that of her mate — this being generally the result of any little domestic dispute between the royal pair as to their respective comfort. Mr. Knight’s contribution to this sculpture consists of the two larger elephant heads for the northern facade of the Elephant House and those of the tapir and Afri- can rhinoceros in the frieze of the building, as well as the small African elephant heads in the interior. The distinction between the heads of the African and Indian elephants, the latter modeled by Mr. Proctor, is very marked. In Mr. Knight’s contribution must be included, also, the modeling of one of the official seals, that which bears the head of the Rocky Mountain sheep. In the twelfth annual report of the Zoological Society appears a table from which we learn that in the total number of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians on exhibition in this park exceeds any other in the world. There is yet unfinished the Administration Building, funds for which have been appropriated, and the Zebra House and the Eagle and Vulture Aviary. In the last named, in which Director Hornaday is much interested, it is planned to provide a gigantic cage, resembling that now given the smaller birds, in which the great ones can spread their broad, undipped pinions in full flight. The area of the park in land and water includes 264 acres; there are eight miles of walks and roads, and about ten and one-half miles of fences. The maintenance force, constantly on dutjq consists of 141 persons, and the num- ber of visitors in 1907 was 1,273,046 — nearly one-third of the entire population of the metropolis. THE LION HOUSE AND ONE OF ITS SCULPTURED DECORATIONS, BRONX ZOO. Sculpture by Eli Harvey: Heins & LaFarge, Archs. PARK AND CEMETERY. 41 ASKED AND ANSWERED A newly elected park superintendent writes to offer the following question for discussion, and Park and Cemetery should be glad to hear from its readers on this or any other practical subject of park management : “What should be the qualifications of a competent superintendent of public parks ?” PARK IMPROVEMENTS E. T. Jenny has the contract for the landscape improvement of Oak Park and La Belle View Park, at Steuben- ville, O. Park Superintendent J. W. Thomp- son of Seattle, Wash., is making many improvements this season. Volunteer Park is being developed on plans by Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Mass. ; the new boulevard, between W ashing- ton Park and the Exposition grounds, and the roadway to Schmitz Park are also being completed. The late Mary E. Perkins has left $5,000 to the city of Brockton, Mass., for the purchase or improvement of public parks. State Surveyor Nelson of Mitchell, S. D., has made a survey of the state capitol grounds at Pierre, with a view to parking the tract. The Common Council of Niagara Falls, N. Y., has voted $500 for the equipment of playgrounds. Improvements in the three park sys- tems of Chicago this season will, it is estimated, cost about $1,000,000 ; of this sum the Lincoln. Park board probably will spend $400,000, the West Park sys- tem $350,000, and the South Park sys- tem $250,000. The new refectory in Lincoln Park, recently illustrated in these pages, is expected to ,be' completed by June 1. Dallas, Tex., park board has voted to buy the eighteen-acre tract known as Oak Lawn for a park. The park board of Harrisburg, Pa., has been authorized to purchase thirteen acres for a park in South Harrisburg. George C. Jones has donated to Ap- pleton, Wis., land in the big ravine for a park. George B. Burrows has donated to the park association of Madison, Wis., half of his Baywood estate for a park. Coldwater, Mich., has purchased a 22- acre tract for a park. It is reported that almost a block of Riverside Park, Memphis, Tenn., has caved into the Mississippi, and George E. Kessler, the landscape architect of the system, is to make plans to stop the damage. A new conservatory is to be built in Overton Park. O. F. Conklin has donated to Raven- na, O., twenty-three acres for a play- ground. The bill providing an appropriation of $2,000,000 for the enlargement of the capitol grounds at Harrisburg, Pa., has passed the legislature. It provides for the purchase of nineteen acres of land and the expenditure of $400,000 a year for five years. Arbor Day at Sunnyside, Wash., was celebrated by the formal dedication of three new parks. The exercises in- cluded addresses out of doors by Mayor H. W. Turner and others. The Women’s Improvement Club of Orland, Cal., will lay out and improve a public park which has been donated by W. E. Spence and R. A. Pabst. J. H. G. Gilbert of Ware, Mass., has presented- that town a large park tract on the Ware River. The Hudson County, N. J., Board of Freeholders has authorized a bond issue of $2,000,000 for a park in Jersey City. M. Brook has presented to Menomi- nee, Wis., a three-acre park on the Red Cedar River. George N. Merrill, landscape engi- neer of Springfield, Mass., has been en- gaged to make plans for laying out a model residential subdivision in Meri- den, Conn. Henry Graham, recently appointed superintendent of parks at Terre Haute, Ind., will begin his work with extensive improvements at Collett 'Park. The Munson-Whitaker Co., tree and forestry experts, of New York, have the contract for extensive tree doctor- ing operations in the parks of Cedar Rapids. Edwin D. Philbrick, Chicago manager of this firm, was in direct charge of the work. Councilman Kef- fer, who is in charge of the depart- ment of parks under Cedar Rapids’ new commission form of government, is do: ing a large amount of tree planting this season. George E. Kessler of Kansas City has been appointed consulting landscape architect of the St. Louis Park system at a salary of $500 a month. He will have immediate supervision over the improvement of the World’s Fair site in Forest Park. The plans for this tract call for a shelter house, a monu- ment to Thomas Jefferson, an amphi- theater and bandstand and terraces and sunken gardens, extending from the shelter house to the lake. One of the most important works he will be called upon to do will be the laying out of six small parks in North and South St. Louis and the improvement of King’s Flighway. The City Council of Waco, Tex., has appropriated $5,500 toward the purchase of the Sul Ross park, embracing two blocks in the center of town, secured through the efforts of the Civic League. It is expected to spend $15,000 in im- proving it. Two handsome entrance gates are to be erected for Jackson Park, Chatta- nooga, Tenn. Commissioner Ross Fax- on is in charge of the work. Henry H. Loomis has presented to Geneva, N. Y., the tract known as Loomis Woods for a park, and Mrs. Elizabeth S. Miller has donated $2,500 for the erection of a drinking foun- tain. Col. Webb Hayes of Fremont, O., has deeded to the state of Ohio a tract known as Spiegel Grove which is to be cared for by the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. It will be named the Harrison Trail State Park. Axel C. Pharo-Gagge of Columbus, O., has been employed to renovate and doctor the trees on the capitol grounds at Columbus, and will also carry out improvements on the historic estate of Governor Worthington near Chillicothe which is now the property of George Smith of Chillicothe. George True has presented True’s Woods to Port Clinton, N. Y., for a park on condition that 800 trees be planted, and other improvements made. This year’s park budget for Grand Rapids, Mich., calls for the erection of a new pavilion in John Ball Park to cost $20,000, an expenditure of $2,000 for playgrounds, and $2,000 for spray- ing against Tussock Moth and other in- sect pests. The total budget calls for $65,348. Commissioners Herman G. Barlow and Lester J. Rindge are in charge of the erection of the pavilion which is to be in the Swiss chalet style of architecture. The park board of Denver, Col., has adopted the plans for the elaborate Civic Center improvements involving the condemnation and parking of much property in the center of the city, at an e.xpenditure of about $3,000,000. The proposition will be submitted to the vote of the East Denver Park District, on which the assessment will be levied. TRANSFORMING an OLD CEMETERY INTO a PARK !Maple Hill Cemetery, one of the old burial grounds of Minneapolis, which had for years been weed- grown, unsightly, and unusued, was last year turned over to the park board, and thoroughly transformed. It is expected to ultimately become a part of the park system and Park Su- perintendent Theodore Wirth has al- ready prepared plans for its develop- ment as a school garden and play- ground. IMapIe Hill came under the juris- diction of the park board in Febru- ary, 1908, and the council appropri- ated $5,000 for its improvement. In July the cleaning up of the much ne- glected and untidy grounds began. All dead and undesirable trees and shrubs were removed, and the re- maining trees given a thorough prun- ing. Weeds were grubbed out and the grounds leveled. Monuments were disturbed only where grading made it necessary to lower them. It became evident towards the end of the season that to protect the stone monuments from vandalism the grounds would have to be fenced in. A seven-foot high galvanized pipe and wire netting fence with an effect- ive three-wire ornamental top protec- tion was built around the grounds with gates at each corner. The cost of the fence was 58 cents a foot. The cost of the work so far com- pleted was as follows : Grading and forestry work .. $2,418.9,3 Survey 156.67 Fence 1.300.06 Total $3,974.66 The school garden is planned for the southeast corner of the grounds which has not been used for burial purposes and has been graded to a level. The plan shows this section divided into 120 regular garden beds 6x15 feet. The two main paths 8 feet wide have arches 10 feet apart. Superintendent Wirth recommends that the garden be properly laid out, fenced in, and that Miss La Rue, the principal of the Pierce school, be given the use of it for the pupils of her school under the general super- vision of the park board. The plan also provides for an out- door gymnasium, a small children’s playground, a recreation building, etc., leaving the present attractive groves for the free use of the public in general. All this can only be car- ried out after all the monuments have been removed, but it is recommended that the school garden be established tfi.s season. CLEANING UP IN MAPLE HILL CEMETERY. MINNEAPOLIS. PARK AND CEMETERY. 43 The “planting plans” of the land- scape architects are not always con- fined to plantings of nursery stock. Landscape Architect Howard Evarts Weed, of Chicago, was recently given a list of all the living and dead mem- bers of the Kilpatrick family of Ne- braska with their relationships and commissioned to provide an adequate place of rest for them in a plot of ground 100 feet square, comprising twelve average lots in the cemetery ajt Beatrice, Neb. The bodies were removed to this cemetery from the country. The accompanying plan shows the arrangement of the graves and the planting of trees and shrubs on this lot. It is seldom that one lot owner has as much space as this and seldom that he has the wisdom to employ expert service for beautifying it. Mr. Weed has made a unified and pleasing landscape composition of it without unduly separating it from the rest of the grounds. The lots have been laid out to suggest to a certain ex- tent the “family tree,” and one monu- ment, placed in the center of the plot is well set off and secluded by heavy plantings of shrubbery. The accompanying reproduction of the plan speaks for itself and shows the details of the planting. It will bear close stud}^ AN UNUSUAL PLANTING PLAN PLANTING PLAN FOR CEMETERY LOT 100 FEET SQUARE. Howard Evarts Weed, Landscape Arch. CHEMISTRY OF FERTILIZERS {Concluded) Nitrate of soda contains from 15 per cent to 16 per cent of nitrogen. It dissolves in water like common salt. It is better to apply.it in small quantities, often, as the plants require it, so as to prevent loss. Nitrogen is a slippery element and some of it will get away from us in spite of all we can do. It is the most expensive and its effect is more, apparent than with potash or phosphoric acid. It is not good business to try and create a store of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen in the form of nitrates are valued at ISJ^c per pound. _ Sulphate of ammonia is obtained from the manufacture of illuminating gas. It should be nearly colorless and contains about 20 per cent of ni- trogen. It is soluble, but does not act as quickly as nitrate of soda. Ni- trogen in the form of ammonia salts is valued at 17l4c per pound. The supply, of guanoes is nearly ex- hausted, so I will not dwell on it. I have found an analysis of oak leaves which will give a little idea of the value of leaf mould as a fertilizer. They contain 8 per cent nitrogen, fig- ured at 20J^c per pound, which at the value placed on organic nitrogen found in blood, meat, fish, etc., is $3.28 per ton; potash, 14 per cent, valued the same as in ashes, is 22c per ton, and phosphoric acid, 35 per cent, fig- ured as reverted at 4k2C per pound, equals 31c per ton. The total value then would be $3.81 per ton. These figures are not definite, as the analy- sis varies with different leaves, etc. The humus is also valuable, and as the leaves must be raked in parks and cemeteries, I believe it is more eco- nomical to compact them than to burn them. If burned, they leave un- sightly spots on the avenues. In many of the states the law re- quires a guaranteed analysis to be printed on the bag containing com- mercial fertilizers, and the manufac- turer is liable for any deficiency. This analysis often gives a wide range, as from 6 per cent to 10 per cent, but of course only the lower figure is binding. Complete fertilizers contain all three elements of plant food, but in various proportions. They are usual- ly made up of one or more of the chemicals described and any refuse that contains the plant food elements. Hair, bone, hoof and leather waste contain much nitrogen, but they are so slowly decomposed that they arc. of little value. During the year 1908 the Alassa- chusetts Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion analyzed 318 samples of complete fertilizers. The average retail price was $36.20 per ton, and the average commercial value was $25.81, The commercial values were fig- ured according to a scale of prices for the different elements which was agreed vtpon by representatives of the experiment stations of New England and the Middle States, after a care- ful study of the prevailing prices in large cities in these localities, and are the ones I have given in describing the different chemical compounds used as fertilizers. I also find from a study of the report of the Massa- chusetts station that in many cases the same brand of fertilizer is sold for a different price in different parts of the state. E. G. Bartlett. CELTIC CROSS AMID SNOWBALLS AND OVERHANGING FOLIAGE . We showed last month two illustrations from the 1!)()8 portfolio of views de luxe issued by Woodlawn Cemetery, Kew York city, and the pictures on these pages are from the 1909 book of this cemetery which is executed in dif- ferent style, but in just as high quality as the other. Wood- lawn appeals to the elite of the richest city in the richest country in the world and its literature is very appropri- ately the finest that the arts of printing and illustrating SOME LANDSCAPE PICTURES H can furnish. There are twenty-four pictures like these shown in this year's book, each one of them on a page by itself, printed in brown on a delicate buff-colored pa- per of fine quality. A brief introduction set in unusual typographical form, gives a few necessary facts about the cemetery. PARK AND CEMETERY. 46 RUSTIC CROSS WITH NATURAL LANDSCAPE SETTING. JiOODLAWN CEMETERY, N. Y. The two pictures shown here emphasize the gentle landscape art of hiding things and setting off monuments with appropriate planting, an art which is nowhere prac- ticed with more skill and care than in Woodlawn. The Celtic cross shown on the left page, seemingly rising from a luxuriant growth of snowballs (Viburnum plicatum) and overhung by the heavy foliage of a neigh- boring tree, is the only monument in the landscape, though there are doubtless others within a few yards. This is the fine art of concealment. The monument is on the Wm. D, Dickey lot, and was erected from Barre granite by Ferdinand Prochazka, of New York city. The Paul L. Thebaud rustic cross shown in the other {Conthiu'd cn pa^e 4q) 46 PARK AND CEMETERY. ANCIENT and MODERN CEMETERIES of BROOKLYN • Brooklyn is called the City of Shareth Israel, Union (closed), and Churches, the City of hlomes, and Washington. even the Bedroom of New York, but Calvary, the leading Catholic cem- its appellation of “The City of Ceme- etery with its 300 acres, has more teries” is no less interesting. interments than any of the others. Brooklyn is distinctly a city of cem- Among the Jewish cemeteries, the eteries, although it would not like to most important, and the most fam- ife.tcalled a city of the dead. Belting ous. is the Salem Fields, on the Ja- around its borders, on the line di- maica plank road, and- lying opposite CEMETERY, BROOKLYN. N. Y. Lower Terrace shows two entrances to Receiving Vault. viding it from the borough of Queens, are a great many cemeteries — some of them famous, throughout the world. There are more than forty of these cemeteries within a dozen miles of the Brooklyn bridge, comprising more than 5,000 acres, and having a popula- tion of the dead numbering about 3,000,000. Every year there are buried in these cemeteries about 75,000 bodies, 40,000 of which are placed in those cemeteries or parts of ceme- teries lying in the borough of Queens. These cemeteries are: The Calvary Cemetery in the town of Newtown; B’Nayeshurtin, Bayside, AAhawath Chesed, Acacia, Cedar Grove, Chevra B’Nai Sholom, City Cemetery of Brooklyn, Cypress Hills, Evergreens, Flatlands, Flushing, Friendly Hand, Friends Cemetery in Prospect Park, Gravesend, Greenlawn, Greenwood, Holy Cross, Holy Trinity, Linden Hill. Lutheran, Machpelah, Maimo- nides, IMaple Giove, Methodist, Mount Hope, Mount Neboh, iMount Olivet, Mount St. Mary’s, Mount Zion, National, New Ltnion Fields, Quaker. St. John’s, St. Mary’s, St. Monica’s, St. Nicholas’, Salem Fields, the Cypress Hills Cemetery. It has an area of about 200 acres and is owned by the Temple Emanu-El of Manhattan. It was founded in No- vember, 1851, and opened the follow- ing year. Salem Fields is one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the world, and is rich in its monuments and decora- tive designs. The grounds are sec- tioned out into family plots, and the graves are frequently watered and kept in the best condition. The roads and paths are in asphalt. The cost of plots ranges from $800 up- ward. according to location, though single graves may be secured as low as $50 for an adult and $25 for a child. Some of the wealthiest, most prominent and famous Jews of for- mer days are buried in this cemetery. Some of the most costly and artistic monuments and family vaults in the country may be seen there. These are owned by wealthy and influential Hebrew families, now residents of New York, and jealous interest is taken by the owners in the improve- ment and embellishment of the grounds. There are many small Tewish cem- eteries in the neighborhood of Cy- press Hills that are owned by indi- vidual synagogues or congregations in Brooklyn or Manhattan. There are few of the many thou- sand people who daily drive or walk through the grounds of Prospect Park who know that within its limits is a cemetery formerly known as the “Friends’ Burying Grounds.” It is located at Fifteenth street and Elev- enth avenue. It was founded in ,1840 and opened in 1846. It contains nearly two thousand bodies and still receives interments at the rate of about thirty per year. This cemetery is owned by the Society of Friends of New York and Brooklyn, having an office at 725 East Thirty-first street. This tract has been illustrat- ed and described in Park and Cem- etery. One of the oldest cemeteries of the group is the Flatlands Cemetery at Flatlands, L. 1. Burials are known to have taken place in it as far back as 1686, and it is thought to have been an old Indian burying ground. This cemetery contains about two or three acres, and it is estimated that about 2,500 bodies are buried in it. It is claimed that Gravesend Cem- etery, on Van Sicklen street, in the Town of Gravesend, Borough of Brooklyn, is the oldest. There is a bowlder marking the grave of one Mrs. Moody, buried in ,1660. It is alleged that Mrs. Moody came to Gravesend from Boston with the purpose of founding a great city. If it is true that the cemetery in which she was buried is the oldest, the city of the dead which began with the burying of her body is one of the greatest in the world, and the city of life and activity sprang up not far from the place she designated it should. The great number of cemeteries, large and small, skirting Brooklyn on the north and east, has been a matter of considerable speculation as to their probable effect upon the future pop- ulation of this metropolis, in points of sanitation, land values and esthet- icism. From time to time problems have arisen with regard to the water supply and the healthfulness of the atmosphere in the contiguous neigh- borhoods of these cemeteries, it be- ing alleged that their presence must of necessity vitiate the atmosphere and contaminate the water supply on account of the gases supposed to ex- PARK A N D C E M ET ERY 47 Ti tide from them. It is said that in Paris the people living in the imme- diate neighborhood of the great cem- eteries suffer from violent attacks of headache and also of rheumatism, the cause being directly attributed to the gases from, the cemeteries. That the cemeteries do cause these physical troubles is evidenced by the fact that people living farther away are not so disturbed. The New York Board of Health states the sanitary conditions in and around the cemeteries in Brooklyn are good, and that the methods now followed in burying the dead arc such as to preclude the possibility of any injurious effect from their presence. The water used in Greater New York is piped from a distance and by no possible means could it be replenished by the waters flowing from the cemeteries. On the contrary, the cemeteries are systematically drained by the pure rain water run- ning through them. They are car- ried off by the sewerage system and thus the cemeteries are constantly flushed. It is said that the reason why the cemeteries of Paris and London, and, in fact, most of the old world ceme- teries, inconvenience their immediate neighborhoods, is that, in a relative- ly small space of ground there have been generations after generations of bodies buried. In these ancient cem- eteries bodies are buried to a depth of 25 feet, through bones, dust and decay. Originally the bodies were laid near the surface of the ground, but as these cemeteries filled, others were sunk lower, through the decay of the first bodies, and so on until a depth of 25 feet or more the ground is but a mass of decay of human bodies. The gases exuding from these old grounds are known as carbon mo- noxides and carburetted hydrogen gases; and though these gases may affect one physically, causing head- aches, etc., they are not, in other respects, injurious. It is said that this is particularly the case with the Pere la Chaise, “the Greenwood of Paris” and Kensal Green in London, where many poets, dukes and other important personages have been buried. The system of burying as observed in the Western world, and, of course, in these cemeteries surrounding New York, is such as to preclude the pos- sibility of any such effects as have been experienced with the cemeteries of the old world. In Paris and Lon- don, for instance, graves are rented or bought for a certain period. At the expiration of the time of rental or of purchase limit, the bones are either taken up and dumped into a pit or charnel house, or other graves are dug down through them, this lat- ter operation being, possibly, more largely followed. In our cemeteries, no lots are leased or sold for a certain period. Whether a lot is cheap or expensive, it is sold in perpetuity, and under such legal supervision that there will be no disturbance of a grave in the future unless, indeed, it should be through some extraordinary event of necessity upon the part of a city in its expansion, and in such a case, of course, the remains would be taken good care of. Along about the year 1850 most of these cemeteries about Greater New York were opened. This curious fact is generally attributed to a movement at that time to protect the small burying grounds in the churchyard HENRT GEORGE MONUMENT. Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. T. from the fate that has fallen to the Old World cemeteries on account of their congestion and limited space. The movement once begun, others and the church organizations saw the wisdom of it and followed the plan. The business possibilities of opening cemeteries also presented itself and associations were organized for the business traffic in cemetery lots. Even to this day the business phase commends itself to the extent that, notwithstanding the number of ceme- teries already established, purchases are still being made and options tak- en on new lands for the purpose of exploiting them in a profitable way as cemeteries. Prominent Brooklyn politicians incorporated the Mount Carmel Cemetery Association, which has title to 75 acres of land which cost about $250,000, and is located east of the Fresh Pond road in the town of Newtown. It is said that the scheme of most of the cemetery associations that are founded upon principles of profit re- alized at least 100 per cent in the sale of cemetery lots, one-half of the re- turns being divided among the stock- holders and the other half going into the cemetery funds for the develop- ment, ornamentation, advertising and commissions. It is not uncommon that undertakers are given commis- sions by the cemetery association on all lots sold through their influence. There are many cemeteries that have not paid a dividend on their in- vestment, for the reason that in the outset considerable money must ne- cessarily be paid out in the purchase of lands, grading roads and paths, building a chapel, installing fountains and planting trees and shrubbery. After such expenditure, it is not in- frequently the case that the cemeter- ies thus opened do not become pop- ular and preference is given to oth- ers. Greenwood Cemetery is not a stock concern, though it is an incorporated trust. There being no stocks, there are no dividends nor salaries, except for the working officers and the em- ployees. Part of the money coming into the treasury at Greenwood Cem- etery goes to paying current ex- penses, and what is left over is put into a sinking fund for the improve- ment and permanent care of the cem- etery. It is the stated purpose of the administration of Greenwood to thus produce eventually a fund sufficiently large to maintain the cemetery per- petually in the fine condition in which it is today. Greenwood is the largest and most important cemetery in Greater New York. Indeed, this cemetery is said to be the largest burial place in the world. It comprises about 475 acres, and it is estimated that at present it contains 345,000 bodies, with annual interments at the average rate of 3,000. Greenwood is one of the remark- 48 PARK AND CEMETERY. ably interesting places worth, visit- ing. Its handsome monuments, mau- soleums and family vaults represent fabulous wealth. Its appointments and landscape improvement are the most thorough and modern. Of all the cemeteries in New York, or perhaps in this country. Green- wood is the most cosmopolitan. While it is generally known as a Protestant burying ground, it con- tains bodies of all creeds and nation- alities. The bodies of some of the most famous people of the country have found final resting places in Greenwood. Among the soldiers who are buried there were General Henry W. Slocum, Francis B. Spin- ola, George W. Collom and Henry W. Flalleck. There are also the tombs of many famous authors and men of letters — -.the Carey sisters, Alice and Phoebe; George Arnold, McDonald Clark, Fitzjames O’Brien and James K. Paulding. In a small sarcophagus lies the body of the great orator, preacher and author, Henry Ward Beecher. Close by is the grave of Peter Coop- er. This is not marked by a head- stone, for it was his expressed wish that his grave should be unmarked. While it has no stone or monument, it is almost constantly covered with flowers by those who cherish the name of Peter Cooper and his wo’-ks. The body of Henry Georj^e, whose untimely death occurred in 1897, upon the verge of his possible election to the mayoralty of New York, lies here also. Near the Goth- ic main entrance to Greenwood is the grave of DeWitt Clinton, once Unit- ed States Senator, Mayor of New York City and Governor of the state. He died in 1828 and was buried in Albany, but in 1844, by the order of his family, his body was removed to Greenwood, wdiere his resting place is marked by a stone shaft in the cen- ter of a large plot. Then there are the bodies of great inventors and promoters of large in- dustries of such character as to bring upon themselves popularity and fame. Among them is that of Elias Howe, inventor of the sewing machine: John Roach, the ship builder; Wm. Steinway, the famous piano manufac- turer; Theodore A. Havemeyer, of the American Sugar Refining Com- pany; James Gordon Bennett, R. H. Hoe, the inventor of the modern cyl- inder printing press. There are also the bodies of many famous actors and among them is that of William J. Florence, the im- personator of Sir Lucius O’Trigger. Near by is the grave of William E. Burton, and of Frederick B. Conway, who first appeared in America as Charles Surface in 1850. The grave of Joe Anderson, the lifelong friend of Edwin Booth, is there. The grave is marked by a granite stone which Booth had erected in memory of his friend. In a pleasant knoll on Battle Hill, overlooking the harbor, is the grave of Barney Williams, the pioneer of Irish comedy. It is marked by a rich and costly monument of Goth- ic design and is adorned with the bust of the actor. Other actors who were famous in their day and whose bodies lie in Greenwood, were Harry Placide, William Rufus Blake, John Brougham, Charles M. Walcott, Har- ry Montague, James Wallack and Lester Wallack. The Missouri Cemetery Improve- ment Association was organized at the Hotel Erederick at Booneville, Mo., April 8, with a view to the bet- terment of cemeteries throughout the state. The following cemetery rep- resentatives were present: Wm. Mittlebach, Superintendent of Walnut Grove, Booneville: T. W. Goodman, Secretary, Walnut Grove, Booneville; Chas. Doerries, Se.xton, Booneville; H. S. Cook, Superintend- ent of Forest Hill, Kansas City; Stanley M. Hyer, of Elmwood, Kan- sas City; Sid J. Hare, Landscape Architect, Kansas City; Edward Kra- mer of Masonic Cemetery at Bunce- ton; Miss Emma McGraw and Mrs. E. W. Bedford, Fayette; A. E. Todt, of SS. Peter & Paul, St. Louis; Ed- son L. Burch, Secretary of Riverview at Jefferson City, Mo. After an address of welcome given by Dr. Mittelbach in the absence of the mayor of Boonville, the organ- ization was made permanent and of- ficers elected' as follows: President, Wm. Mittelbach, of Walnut Grove, Boonville; 1st vice- president, Sid J. Hare, Kansas City; 2nd vice-president, Emma McGraw, Fayette; secretary, Edson L. Burch, Riverview, Jefferson City; treasurer, A. E. Todt, SS. Peter & Paul, St. Louis. A committee of three, consisting of Messrs. Cook, Root and Hyer, .of Kansas City, was appointed to draft by-laws and report at the next meet- ing. The name adopted was “The Perhaps the most famous of the actresses of a former generation, buried in Greenwood, was Laura Keene, who was born in England in 1820, and died in Montclair, N. J., about 1870. In Greenwood lies also the body of Mrs. Eliza Gilbert, once known as the beautiful Lola Montez, who fig- ured prominently in Bavarian history. Her grave is marked by a plain, mar- ble monument and there is nothing to attract even passing notice from a chance visitor. Residents of a number of Long Isl- and towns have recently protested against the establishment of any more cemeteries in this borough, especially if they are non-resident corporations or- ganized primarily for profit, and a bill is before the present Legislature to re- strict further cemetery extensions, as noted on another page in this issue. Missouri Cemetery Improvement As- sociation." A legislative committee was also appointed. An address was given by Sid J. Hare, landscape arch- itect, of Kansas Cit}% and Stanley M. Hyer and others also spoke. The ladies of Fayette gave an interesting account of their efforts in the im- provements of their City Cemetery. The secretary requested that the members send him a list of topics or papers that should be discussed at ne.xt meeting and assist in every way possible in making it a success. The place of meeting was fi.xed at Kansas City, at some time in July, acceptable to the Kansas City dele- gation. Through the kindness of the citi- zens of Boonville, the delegates were given an automobile ride about the city. Supt. IMittelbach took great pride in showing what had been accomplished in Walnut Grove Cemetery. It has been put on a permanent basis, in- suring to lot owners perpetual care and maintenance. Boonville has also a magnificent site for a park, overlooking the broad expanse of the Missouri’s turbid waters. The success of the meeting was due to the untiring efforts of Supt. Mittel- bach, who has spared no labor or pains in getting the people of the state interested; a number of those unable to attend expressed .great in- terest in the meeting and extended best wishes for its permanent organ- ization and success. MISSOURI CEMETERIES ORGANIZE PARK AND CEMETERY. 49 WOODLAWN CEMETERY {Concluded from t>age 45^) picture, a carefully executed and well- proportioned piece of granite work, has an appropriate natural background, and fits well into the informal char- acter of the landscape. It is one of the few seemly and sightly pieces of rustic work. The material is white Westerly granite, and the work was executed by the New England Granite Works, of Westerly, R. I. The elaborately decorated and inter- esting Celtic cross on the Garrett F. Pier lot illustrated last month, was exe- cuted in Indiana limestone by Ellin Kit- son & Co. The water view shown last month gave a glimpse of two lakes, one cover- ing over an acre, and the other about six-tenths of an acre. The larger one contains an island of 2,000 square feet. Woodlawn is in the midst of a very busy season, which includes a great deal of heavy foundation work. Superin- tendent Fred R. Diering expects there will be alxiut thirty mausoleums erected this season. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS Two acres have been added to the city cemetery at Independence, Mo. Greenwood Cemetery, Fort Worth, Tex., has been incorporated at $100,- 000 by W. J. and G. W. Bailey, and John M. Scott. The Cemetery at Pleasant Grove, Cal., has been resurveyed by Civil En- gineer Ellington of Yuba City. Mumford Rural Cemetery, Caledon- ia, N. Y., has just completed a new mortuary chapel, 18 by 22 feet. The National Mausoleum Co., of Shelby, O., a concern engaged in pro- moting the erection of public mauso- leums of concrete, has brought suit against F. E. Garlough, one of its agents to whom the company sold the right of erecting these structures in Clark coun- ty, O., for $1,500, and afterward re- voked the contract. The defendant has filed a cross petition asking for damages of $10,000. This company has sold its patent rights on these structures in the state of Iowa to the Iowa Mausoleum Co., of Waterloo, la., which is to be incorporated at $150,000. F. L. May- tag, of Newton, la., a state senator, and F. F. McElhinney, of Waterloo, are the chief promoters in Iowa. The first ef- fort in Iowa will be to erect one of these structures in Fairview Cemetery, Waterloo. The Kankakee Mausoleum Co., of Kankakee, III., is to erect a sim- ilar structure to contain 498 catacombs Most weed kil- lers destroy some weeds. Some weed killers destroy most of the weeds. “HERBICIDE” the original weed exterminator abso- lutely destroys all the weeds. One ap- plication will make a roadway perfectly clean and prevent the growth of weeds for at least 2 years. One 48 gallon casK with the addition of about 2000 gallons of water will effectively cover a half mile of roadway, 18 feet wide. Only requires a watering cart to apply. Only costs $35.00 a cask of 48 gallons. Here is what 'William L. Crounse, Esq., of Wash- ington, D. C., writes: “/ enclose herevjitk my check for which please send 7ne a keg of your “HERBlClDE’h I assume that this is the same article, which / purchased several years ago and which was very sat- isfactory. I was ujiahle to locate your concern last year and bought a substitute which the weeds seemed rather to enjoy. Please ship immediately by freight."*^ Send for full particu- lars. Sold only by the manufacturers. Reade Manufacturing Company . Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for alifetlme. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL <&. BROOKSHIER, Patentees & M’f'rs, Thorntown, Ind. f Universal Lawn Shears For Trimming Your Lawn Don’t crawl around on your knees with a pair of sheep shears. Its easier to use the Universal Lawn Shears. Operator stands erect, moving the handles cuts the grass in places where mower can’t travel. One blade remains stationary permitting its use against Buildings, Trees, Fences, Mon- uments, etc.; also handy for trimming vines and hedges. Adjustable to any angle with- out tools. Light in weight, strong, durable and mechanically perfect. Blades oiltemper- ed,wiU retain cutting edge indefinitely. 9 in. blade $2, 12 in. blade $2.50. Your dealer can supply you or we will ship it prepaid on receipt of price. Write for circular. SWEET-CLARKE CO. l ( Jamestown, N. Y, '' Steele St. QUALITY IM.IS SEND FOR CATALOGUE. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 34* West I4th St.. New York. 5000 CsnnsSf moss rooted, in 6 g:ood varieties. Allemania, Kate Gray, Pennsyl- vania, Chicago, Mary Washington, Chas. Henderson— $5.00 per 100. 5000 Vincas Variegated 2,3,4-inch at $2.50 — $5.00- SlOiOO per 100. Send for prices on ferns and general green- house and bedding stock. Wsst End Grtanhoutss, Schmalzl & Hambraikar, Lincoln, III. HEARTLEY’S MOLE TRAP PROTECT your LAWN and PLANTS by using HEARTLEY’S HOLD- FAST MOLE TRAP. “It Excells Them All” A trial order will convince you. Write for Prices. GEO. W. HEARTLEY 902 Summit St.. TOLEDO, - - OHIO. I Guaranteed Nursery Stock CHOICE TREES, CONIPERS RHODODENDRONS, ETC. for Parks and Cemeteries Write for Prices P. HAMILTON GOODSELL Nurseryman and Landscape Contractor * 200 Broadway. New York City Phone 5617 Cort. WaterSupply^ for Country Houses. The Problem Solved No elevated tank to freeze or leak. Tank located in cellar. Any pressure up to 60 lbs. The ideal fire protection. Send for Illustrated Catalogue ri Let our Engineersfigureout your needs LUNl-irtOSS CU., Boston, Mass. Branch 50 Church St., N.Y. and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees, Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted — Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence In the World. 50 F ARK AND CEMETERY. in Mound Grove Cemetery in that city. It was designed by Architect C. D. Henry, and will cost about $75,000. The township trustees of Sterling, 111., are to erect a new fence around the township cemetery and the Odd Fellows plot adjoining it will extend the fence around their part of the grounds. The cemetery commission of Seneca Falls, N. Y., has asked for $800 to build a rustic bridge over the glen connecting the two parts of the cemetery. Superintendent H. L. Nichols of Riv- erside Cemetery, Grafton, Mass., and Landscape Gardener Charles A. Hitch- ings, are doing considerable grading and planting of shrubbery. One of the first improvements planned by Mayor Callaghan of San Antonio, Tex., is to improve the new Mission Cemetery, a 530-acre tract just south of the city limits. A competent landscape gardener will be secured to make surveys and plans. J. R. Giddings, manager of Mountain View Cemetery, Pasadena, Cal., is plan- ning to erect a new ornamental fence about the grounds and improve the en- trances. Daniel Mahoney has charge of the grading and improving of the grounds of St. Joseph’s Cemetery, Taunton, Mass. New water mains are being laid in Riverside, Ansonia, Conn., and a reser- voir for a complete water supply sys- tem is soon to be installed. Rev. Louis D. Grenier, rector of Notre Dame church, and superintendent of Notre Dame Cemetery, Worcester, Mass., is to expend $2,000 in tree plant- ing and general improvement of the grounds this season. Brinley & Holbrook, of New York City, have prepared plans for the im- provement of Mt. Hope Cemetery, Nor- wich, N. Y. The carrying out of the work is in charge of E. E. Davis, of Norwich, and includes the planting of 5,600 trees and shrubs. St. Mary’s Cemetery, Waltham, Mass., is to build a concrete wall about the grounds and erect massive iron gates. The Park Cemetery, of Carthage, Mo'., is to be Laid out on modern lines on plans by Sid J. Hare, of Kansas City, Mo. The improvements rvill in- clude the building of a handsome en- trance. Forty acres are to be laid out at once. Floyd Cemetery, Sioux City, la., will add 28 acres. The cemetery of North Chatham, Mass., has purchased additional land from C. I. Weiderwax, and will soon grade and improve it. S. W. Rubee, superintendent of River- I side Cemetery, Marshalltown, la., has made plans for the development of a new cemetery of 120 acres at Sioux City. It will be under the management of a stock company and will be on the lawn plan throughout. The Walnut Hills German Protestant Cemetery Association, of Cincinnati, O., has added six acres which are to be im- proved at once. Hon. Samuel Dibble has presented ten acres to Bowman, S. C., for a ceme- tery. The Arlington Cemetery Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn., has incorporated at $10,000 to develop a cemetery on a seven-acre tract. An iron fence is soon to be built. G. W. Killebrew, Lee Ir- win and C. F. Alexander are among the incorporators. Four acres has been added to South Cemetery, Berlin, Mass., by a purchase of land from Arthur Hastings. The Bohemian Cemetery Society, Cal- edonia, Wis., will build a waiting room and m.ake other improvements. Martin Klema is president and Joseph Stechan, secretary. Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Dubuque, la., is planning to erect a receiving vault. The Evangelical Lutheran Gethse- mane of Detroit, Mich., has bought 36 acres on the Gratiot road and will lay out a cemetery. Theodore Richter is in charge of the work. The Prairie View Cemetery Associa- tion of Tocsin, Ind., has been organized to establish a three-acre cemetery. John M. Heckley is president and Oiarles A. White, secretary. A commission appointed by congress to prepare plans for a memorial amphi- theatre in Arlington Cemetery, Arling- ton, Va., has submitted plans by Car- rere & Hastings, architects, of New York, for a structure to seat 5,000 peo- ple with standing room in a surround- ing colonnade for many more. It is es- timated to cost $695,000. A crypt for the burial of famous men and portrait statues or busts in the colonnade are other features recommended. Oak Hill Cemetery, Lewistown, 111., will add five acres to be purchased from George Showver. The Fairmount Cemetery Co., of Chi- cago, has been incorporated with a capital stock of $20,000 by J. M. Wright, W. M. Brown and John C. Hoof. The Evergreen Cemetery Association of Detroit has purchased 40 acres of land in Greenfield Township. Rev. Thomas J. Preston, who is in charge of St. Patrick’s church, Thomp- sonville. Mass., is to install a water system. Springfield Cemetery, Springfield, Mass., has added two acres and a crematory is soon to be built. Calvin Paige of New York City has bequeathed $30,000 for beautifying the cemetery at Hardwick, Mass. The Woman’s Federation of South Nashville and the Woman’s Historical Society will erect memorial gates to the City Cemetery of Nashville, Tenn. Glasgow Cemetery, Glasgow, Ky., will lay out additional lots and make other improvements to cost about $1,000. They may build a small receiving vault and will purchase some evergreens and per- haps a horse mower. E. Y. Kilgore is general manager. Mr. Kilgore is also to lay out a forty-acre residence park. Bellett Lawson, Jr., of Buffalo, N. Y., has been called in consultation to Mans- field, Pa., to devise ways and means for the betterment of their local cemetery known in the past as Hope Cemetery. Eighty years ago one acre was pur- chased and deeded to the township for burial purposes. Since that time addi- tions have been made by persons buying lots from any owner adjoining any of three sides of the original one acre. There has been no organization at all. Mr. Lawson has advised the incorpo- ration of the lot holders as a beginning and the purchase of the adjoining lands if possible up to 10 acres. A number of lot holders met and have applied to the Tioga County Court for a charter under the name of the Prospect Ceme- tery Association. LEGAL NOTES Assemblyman Conrad Garbe, of the Borough of Queens, New York City, has introduced into the legislature a bill forbidding the establishment of any more cemeteries in Queens Coun- ty, on Long Island. He is supported by the other assemblymen from that locality. The bill is the result of the Board of Aldermen, of Springfield, granting permission to the Springfield Long Island Cemetery Association to open a cemetery against the protests of residents of that neighborhood. The present law forbids the dedica- tion of more than fifty acres, so the Springfield Cemetery started with this much and are now endeavoring to add fifty acres more, as the law allows additions to existing cemeteries. There are now 5,000 acres of ceme- teries in this borough, which are valued at over $20,000,000. The Town Board of Amityville, L. I., has also recently passed a reso- lution protesting against the establish- ing of a cemetery by any non-resi- dent organization. BUILDING TRAFFIC-PROOF ROADS In Tai'via we offer to road engineers the cheapest, the best and the only well-proven means of preventing the formation of dust and preserving the surfaces of macadam roadways which are subject to heavy traffic. Oil and the various chemicals that mix with water are not cures, but mere palliatives. They suppress dust for a limited period only. Tarvia pre- vents its formation and saves the roadway, for dust is waste. Tarvia may cost slightly more than these other materials. It is heavier, denser and more effective. The others do not prevent the steady pulverization of the road, whereas Tarvia enables a road to resist this action. T soaks deep into the macadam and hardens, making a very tough, elastic matrix around the fine stone particles. The surface is tough, durable and resilient. It is the only form of macadam roadway that can withstand auto- mobile traffic. The cost of maintenance with Tarvia, especially under heavy wear, is less than maintenance with water sprinkling only, and is vastly more satisfactory. It is a matter of building a traffic-proof road versus building a “one season” highway. Booklets on request. Barrett Manufacturing Company New York Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia Pittsburg Boston St. Louis Kansas City New Orleans Cleveland London, Eng. 52 PARK AND CEMETERY. A bill introduced by Representa- tive Fahy, of Ralls Countj% has passed the Missouri Legislature, making van- dalism in a cemetery a penitentiary offense. The bill reads as follows; “Ever}' person who shall willfully and maliciously destroy, disfigure or injure any wall, fence, hedge, monu- ment, tombstone, tree, shrubbery, or any part thereof, around or within any cemetery, graveyard or burial ground, or shall use such cemetery, graveyard or burying ground for any other purpose than a burying ground, shall be adjudged guilty of a felony, and shall, upon conviction, be pun- ished by imprisonment in the peni- tentiary not more than five years, or b}' imprisonment in the county jail not less than thirty days, or by a fine not less than $25.” A bill has been passed by the New York legislature authorizing the Com- missioner of Public Works of Utica to remove the bodies from the old cemetery in the second ward and to acquire title to the lands for school purposes. It is probable that a meet- ing of the Common Council will be called before long for the purpose of giving a public hearing on the matter. Supreme Court Justice James J. Bergen has granted a writ of certior- ari to Dennis Long, Fred Krueger and others, of the Township of Union, N. J., to review the action of the town- ship whereby permission was given to the Clinton Hill Cemetery Association to locate a burial ground in the town- ship. The township granted a trol- ley line to the grounds a fran- chise. The property owners who ob- ject to the cemetery claim that the The cemeteries of Cincinnati having refused to admit automobiles, the Automobile Club of that city has made an inquiry as to the rules of cemeteries in different cities in this respect. It was found that automo- biles are excluded from all the ceme- teries of Boston, Washington, Roch- ester, Albany, Portland and Dayton; from some cemeteries of Buffalo, from the Green Mount, Loudon Park, Baltimore, and Bonnie Brae cemeter- ies of Baltimore and from the North- ■wood Cemetery of Philadelphia. In the Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, automobiles are admitted only on Mondays; at all cemeteries in Lowell, trolley company would not have been granted the franchise had not the cemetery association obtained permis- sion to locate in the township. The main question debatable is as to whether there are not already three cemeteries in the township. The board of health of Troy town- ship, Pontiac, Mich., has petitioned the circuit court for permission to do away with an old cemetery in that township which has not been used for burial purposes in fifty years. There is no organization to care for the cemetery and the board reports that not more than eight bodies are buried there. The West Meriden Cemetery As- sociation, Meriden, Conn., is going to contest the suit brought by the city, in which $800 of the bank funds of the corporation was attached, to sat- isfy the claim for laying the curb on Orange street opposite the cemetery. The cemetery people have retained E. A. Merriman as counsel, and he has filed a plea in abatement on the al- leged technicality that the writ was not left with the proper person. The petition of the Fair Haven Union Cemetery association of New Haven, Conn., to the committee on incorporation asked to change the charter of the organization so that the cemetery may occupy an adjoin- ing lot, has developed a most active opposition to it among the residents of Fair Haven, and others who are opposed to setting a precedent of al- lowing a cemetery in a thickly popu- lated district to expand. Represen- tative Bush of Orange introduced the bill for the cemetery. Mass., and at the Wilmington and Riverview cemeteries in Wilmington, Del., they are admitted only on week- days and in the Homewood and Alle- ghany cemeteries in Pittsburg they are admitted only during forenoons. A considerable number of cemeteries are open to automobiles without any restrictions whatever, The following cemeteries admit only lot owners in automobiles; Woodlands, West Lau- rel Hill, Cathedral, New Cathedral, Holy Cross and Holy Sepulchre, of Philadelphia; Greenlawn, of Colum- bus, Ohio; all cemeteries of Syracuse, N. Y.; Evergreen, of New Haven; Springfield, of Springfield, Ohio, and Cambridge, of Cambridge, Mass. The following cemeteries admit automo- biles by card only; Bellefontaine, St. Louis; Homewood and Alleghany, Pittsburg, and Spring Hill, Natural Hill and Mount Olivet, Nashville, Tenn. * * * Officials in the office of the quar- termaster general at the War Depart- ment at Washington report that the order for the removal of plants and shrubbery from the graves of soldiers buried at Arlington was made neces- sary by a large number of requests to decorate graves in this manner. “It is believed that uniformity is especially desired in a military ceme- tery,” declared an official, “and this could not be effected when friends were allowed to decorate graves in any manner they pleased. We did not object so much to flowers, but some sections of the cemetery have become overgrown with ivy and shrubbery. The general appearance is very bad. Though the order was is- sued six months ago all plants that are in a thriving condition are still there and it is not our intention to root up those already there until they die. When the scheme of sodding the graves is carried out the cemetery will present a much more uniform and artistic appearance.” * * jk Announcement was recently made by the Trinity Church Corporation of New York City, that the Trinity cemetery on Washington Heights is to be built upon. A church and a parish house are to be erected upon the cemetery grounds, upon land, however, which, it is said, does not contain any graves. The uptown Trinity cemetery, which slopes to the river on Washington Heights from 153d street to 155th street, is also of considerable historic interest. Mem- bers of many prominent New York families are buried there. The tomb of Audubon is there. 5k * Jk The board of town trustees of Colusa, Cal., have passed an ordinance calling for the removal of the graves in the old Colusa cemetery which will be made into a park. The ordinance calls for the removal of the graves to the Colusa Cemetery and a contract for such removal will be let to the lowest bidder. 5k 5k 5k Bids were received at Lodoga, Cal., for removing the bodies from the old Indian Valley Cemetery, removal be- ing necessary because the cemetery ( Cojitinued c?i p XI) .Km Aia; CEHETERY NOTES ■ CY, Seamdrrd Asphalt Road Oil Emulsifying Road Oil Macadam Asphalt Binder Experience and experiment have demonstrated that asphalt or oil with an asphaltum base are the only substances successfully applied to roads to insure permanency of dust relief and to maintain the roads in perfect condition. In our tnree preparations we offer products that are suitable for road construction or road maintenance. Adapted for all conditions of roads and for use in all localities. Our free book {facsimile shown) treats of each of these three products at length, explaining the uses for which they are particularly prepared, .and furnishing information which will be found invaluable to Supervisors, Road Commissioners, State, County and Municipal authorities, and to owners of private estates. A copy will be mailed free on request. Asphalt Koad Oil is an asphalt-bearing oil and is intended for use on well-made roads as they are. One application, if properly applied, suffices for a season. Emulsifying Road Oil is a lighter asphalt-bearing oil so prepared that it will emulsify with water. It serves as a dust preventive, requires frequent application, and is used only on side roads where traffic is light— on private grounds or parks. Xif- -1 71 is a heavy product, almost solid asphaltum, ri8CHG3in DinQCr used in constructing macadam and an other roads where asphaltic material is required. Kansas City, Kan. STANDARD OIL COMPANY, Road Oil Dept., 26 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. m 115 Adams St., Chicago, 111. 45 PARK AND CEMETERY, TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articlos appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- viations, thus: S. L. 8:67-8, Peb. 09, means: Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, February, 1909. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED American Bot.unist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. -American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G. ), ,$3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25o copy. Canadian Florist. The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy, Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.),. $1.50 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 26c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange, New York City (F. E,), $1.00 year; single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. .\.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt, Germany (German), G. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.0.0 year; single copv, 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy. 5c. House Beautiful, The, Chicago; .$3.00 year; 25c copy. House and (garden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 26c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, , 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French, $4.60 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New York (Sci. Am.), $3.0.0 year; lOc copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, 10c. Canada. Illiist. So. Orchards and Homes. 2 :l-2. Mch., ’09. .Automobile Tar-Spraying Tank Cart, by R. Grimshaw. Illust. G. R. M. 10 : 11.3. Apr., ’09. City Parks, How Can They Be Made More Useful for the People, by O. Schulze. Illust. G. K. (German.) 11:61-6. Apr., ’09. Concrete Roadways, by E. McCullough. G. R. M. 10:109-13. Apr., ’09. English Parks, Popular Use of, by F. G. Gensel. Illust. M. D. G. (Ger- man). 24:169-74. Apr. 10. Highway and the Automobile. Sci. -Am. 100:238. Mch. 27, ’09. Keep the Parks Inviolate. Outlook. 91 : 670. Mch. 27, ’09. Landscape Gardening in City Parks, by F. Encke. Illust. G. K. (German.) 11:66-70. Apr. 1, ’09. Liquid Asphalt Binder, Experiments with, by F. J. Eppele. Illust. G. R. M. 10:114-16. Apr., ’09. Macadam, Preparation of. G. R. M. 10:118. Apr., ’09. Road Treatment Experiments in Mas- sachusetts. Illust. G. R. M. 10 :121-4. Apr., ’09. Sod and Sodding. F. R. 23 :6-7. Apr. 8, ’09. Soils, A. Demonstration of, by H. Sny- der. M. H. 37:175-81. May, ’09. Speed Regulation on Highways. G. R. M. 10:136. Apr., ’09. A. Waugh. Hort. 9:478. Apr. 3, ’09. Art in the Garden. Hort. 9 :589-90. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds Around the Home Garden. Illust. Gard. 17:211-12. Apr. 1, ’09. American and European Municipal Gov- ernments, Contrast of, by G. P. Mor- ris. C. H. 10:311-15. Mch., ’09. Billboard Law, Arguments for. C. H. 10:322-3. Mch., ’09. Commuters, the Grand Army of, by A. L. Blessing. Illust. S. L. 8 :257-9. May, ’09. City Government by Commission. C. H. 10:316-19. Mch., ’09. Cleaning New York’s Streets, by E. D. Very. Illust. G. R. M. 10:107-8. Apr., ’09. Home Gardens. Appropriate Plans for, by R. Stegmiller. Illust. M. D. G. 24:183-5. Apr. 17. (German.) Improvement in Rural Schools. Illust. Fruit Grower. 20:272-3. May, ’09. Inexpensive Greenhouse, by F. M. Smith. Illust. H. B. 25:66-7. Feb., ’09. Leclaire, the Model Town, by N. O. Nelson. Sur. 21:1276. Mch. 27, ’09. Plans, four, for a 150x150 ft. Lot. Illust. G. M. 9:226-7. Signs which Came Down. Illust. S. L. 8 :263. Spraying Table for Amateurs. G. M. 9 :221-5. May, ’09. Gardens and Landscape Gardening American Landscape Architecture, by F. Apr. 24. ’09. England’s New Kind of Flower Bed, by Wilhelm Miller. Illust. G. M. 9 :218-20. Formal Garden and Pergola, by an Am- ateur. A. H. G. 6:152-3. .“Vor., ’09. Garden Architecture,' by R. Hoemann. G. K. (German). 11:59-60. Apr. 1, ’09. Gardeners’ National Assn., Convention of. G. C. A. 9:12-16. Apr., ’09. Iris Garden, Making of, by S. Howe. A. H. G. 6 :140-1. Apr., ’09. Lawns and Gardens, Proper Considera- tion of, by C. A. Byers. Illust. Cr. 16:107-11. Apr., ’09. Landscape Effects, Natural, How to Secure Them Quickly, by G. L. Grant. Illust. C. L. A. 15:700. Apr., ’09. Rose Garden, A Hardy, for Suburban New York, by H. F. Torrey. G. C. A. 9:7-8. Apr., ’09. Transformation of the Royal Gardens at Potsdam, by F. Zahn. Illust. G. K. 11:70-4. (German.) -A.pr., ’09. Vines for Spring Planting. Illust. Gard. 17:209-10, Apr. 1, ’09. Water, Use of in a Little Garden. Illust. Cr. 16:112-3. Apr., ’09. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds Audubon Park, New Orleans, by J. W. Thrips in Greenhouses, by A. C. Beal. G. C. A. 9:5-7. Apr., ’09. Pittsburgh’s Playgrounds, by Beulah Kennard. Illust. Sur. 22:184-96. May 1, ’09. Trees, Shrubs and Plants April Flowering Trees and Shrubs, by John Dunbar. A. F. 32 :770. May 8, ’09. Calaveras National Forest, Creation of. Science, 29:452-4. Mch. 19, ’09. Evergreens for Present Planting, by John W. Duncan. Illust. G. M. 9: 228-9. Fern Propagation. A. F. 32 :534-5. Apr. 10. Midwinter Mosses, by H. S. Hammond. A. B. 15:12-13. Feb., ’09. New Varieties, What England Can Teach Us About, by W. Miller. C, L. A. 15:615-18. Apr., ’09. Nurserymen, Annual Convention of. N. N. 17:109-10. Apr., ’09. Romance of the Rose, by Helen Har- court. Illust. S. L. 8 :260. May, ’09. Rose Garden, The, by G. F. Huss. Hort. 9:476-7. Apr. 3, ’09. Roses as Popular Home Flowers and How to Grow Them, by Geo. D. Leedle. G. C. A. 9:9-12. Apr. 1, ’09. Seeds, The Study of, by W. N. Clute. P ARK AN D CEMETERY. V ESTABLISHED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parks, Cemeteries. Public and Private Grounds Published on the 16Lh of the Month by R. J. HAIGITT 324 Dearborn Si.. Chicago editor-* John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription. $1.00 a Year. A. B. 15:5-9. Feb., ’09. Silver Fir of the Rockies, by C. S. Har- rison. Hort.. 9 :471. Apr. 3, ’09. Sweet Pea, The Modern, by W. T. Hutchins. Illust. A. F. 32 :741-4. May 5, ’09. Tender Bulbs for Summer Flowers, by R. Barton. Illust. G. M. 9 ;230-2. May, ’09. Tree Borer, on the Trail of, by P. T. Barnes. Illust. S. L. 8 :266. May, ’09. REPORTS, ETC, RECEIVED “City Making,” an address by John Nolen, landscape architect, of Cam- bridge, Mass., at the last convention of the American Civic Association, has been reprinted in leaflet form. Bulletin 204 of the Department of Ex- periment Stations at Washington, is an illustrated book of 37 pages On Chil- dren’s Gardens by Miss Susan B. Sipe, of the Bureau of Plant In- dustry. Bulletin 164, Maine Agricultural ex- periment station, Orono, Me., is the annual work, “Notes on Plant Dis- eases for 1908.” The Transactions of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society for 1908, part 2, contains reports of the commit- tees on prizes, plants, flowers, fruits, vegetables, gardens, children’s gardens, lectures and publications, and reports of officers. William P. Rich is secretai-y. The thirty-seventh annual report of the Fairmount Park Art Association of Philadelphia gives annual report, list of members and a list of the works of art the society has presented to Fairmount Park. Highland Cemetery, Kansas City, Mo., devoted exclusively to the use of the negro race, sends a well written illus- trated descriptive booklet of these grounds, which are to be developed on modern lines on plans furnished by Sid J. Hare of that city. “Time Tells the Story” is a neatly printed little folder, issued in the in- terest of the perpetual care fund by Utica Cemetery, Utica, N. Y. Hardy and Tender Water Lilies, Nelumbiums, Victorias, etc. These make appropriate decoration for parks, cem- eteries, etc. Ourlististhe most complete in thiscountry, Write for our “Water Lily Leaflet’’ and see prices in our QUARTERLY WHOLESALE PRICE LIST. We will be pleased to give information and practical advice to superintendents who desire to use this class of plants. HENRY A. DREER, Hemlocks and White Pines I have thousands of specimens, transplanted recently for spring ship- ments. My prices are low. Catalogs and full information. Harlan P. Kelsey OWNER Salem :: Mass. Rhododendron cataivbiense (true species') grozu- ing in the Carolina mountains. Hardiest and ■most beautifully foliaged species knozun. PARK AND CEMETERY offi- cials are now using Hardy American Plants for their most permanent large plantings. Highlands Nurs- ery in the high Carolina moun- tains grows them by the million. The Kelly - Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog SHADY NOOKS If you have a particularly shady spot under the trees, that has defied your efforts to keep it green, we want you to try our SHADY NOOK LAWN SEED We have yet to see a place too shady (except under evergreens) for this seed to make a fine lawn, if the soil is well fertilized. A trial pound, enough to sow 200 square feet, mailed for 30c. 5 lbs. $1.00; 25 lbs. $4.50, carriage extra. A. C. KENDEL 2010 Ontario St., CLEVELAND, O. VI PARK AND CEMETERY. **^erticaV* Lawn Edger For over fifty years ** GRANITE STATE" field and lawn mowers have led the way. Our guarantee means something I Send — now — for the ** Vertical ’ ' on approval, if you desire. Ask for Catalogue "A)" and special prices to vark associations and cemeteries. For picking up the overhanging grass clinging to curbs and side- walks, You have tried it with shears — now try our way. It takes the grass our lawn mowers and ** Capitol" Trimmer leaves. Figure out 'iPhat it JPill save you. The Trade Mark Granite State" guarantees its quality Basic patents in all foreign countries and patents allowed and pending in the U, S, T^he Granite State Mowing Machine Company Hinsdale, New Hampshire PARK AND CEMETERY. VII ILLINOIS PLANNING OUT- DOOR IMPROVEMENTS Representative people from all parts of Illinois who are interested in a more beautiful Illinois met at the University of Illinois, March 31, to consider the organization of a state society having for its primary object the general edu- cation of the people of the state in out- of-door improvement. Representatives were present from Alton, Decatur, Bloomington, Cairo, Springfield, Dan- ville, Chicago, Neoga, Champaign and Urbana. Dr. T. J. Burrill, vice-presi- dent of the university, presided at the meeting. It was the concensus of opin- ion of those present that there is needed a state organization which could dis- seminate literature, furnish lectures, en- courage general school instruction, es- tablish public plant collections, promote and assist local improvement societies and park boards, encourage the preser- vation and maintenance of places of un- usual beauty and historical interest in the state, and be ready to stand back of any matter of state-wide interest in the way of out-of-door beauty or im- provement. The following committee on organization was elected : President E. J. James, chairman ; Professor A. P. Wyman, secretary; Mrs. I. C. Bley, Chicago : H. C. Schaub, Decatur, and George E. Hooker, Chicago. The chief work of this committee will be to per- fect a permanent organization and to arrange for a state meeting to be held next fall or winter. PERSONAL L. P. Jensen, landscape gardener of the Busch estate in St. Louis, recently gave an illustrated lecture on “Natural Effects in the Planting of Modern Parks and Private Places” before the Engelmann Botanical Club in that city. The cemetery trustees of Malden, Mass., have appointed M. W. Carr as actiiyg superintendent of cemeteries to fill the vacancy left by the recent death of Charles A. Stiles until a new super- intendent is elected. George A. Appleton has been elected superintendent of cemeteries at Beverly, Mass., to succeed George F. Standley, who has resigned after thirteen years of service. Robert Dye is the new superintend- ent of the National Cemetery at Annao- olis, Md., to succeed Superintendent Menuez, who has been ordered to Can- ada. Mr. Dye is from Richmond, Va. Jacob H. Prost, a landscape gardener in the service of the West Park Board of Chicago, was the successful contest- ant in a civil service examination for the selection of a city forester recently From a sand beach to a source of permanent pleasure and comfort in a few months. Cemeteries, parks and private estates handled in all details so as to produce quick, pleasing and lasting results. Write, particu- lars. Booklet free. H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect ROCKFORD. ILL. Is Your Cemetery Satisfactory? Are you caring for it economically? Is green grass the leading feature with shrubbery to give a proper set- ting to the monuments? IF NOT, then you need Howard Evarts W eed. Landscape Architect, 1715 Railway Exchange, Chicago, to modernize things for you. “The lot owners won’t let us ” you say? If so, you have gone at it in the wrong way. You need Weed to give his stereopticon lecture — “Mote Beautiful Cemeteries” — in your town to point out the right way. By means of the stereopticon pictures the difference between the good and bad, between the graveyard and the mod- ern park cemetery is vividly shown. You are wasting your efforts in caring for the cemetery under present conditions. Get out of the rut. Wake up, even if you do have charge of dead people. Write Weed today and he will send yon some interesting literature. FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Designs or full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. F*Iantlng Contracts We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants In America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty, We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and fark Organizations are invited to correspond relative to either Planning or Plant- ing, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NURSERY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City. Minn. 1200 Acres TarK and Cemetery The best Medium ' for keeping before Park and Cemetery Superintendents. SID. J. HARE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY, MO. 32 24 Campbell Street iii' LandscapeArchitect ' White Bldg. Buffalo! Expert on all matters pertaining to the improvement and organization of cemeteries. 18 years experience. Send for testimonials. BRIDGES Standard designs for reinforced concrete high- way bridges under 50 foot span. References and terms on request. WILBUR J. WATSON Mem. Am. 8oc. C. E. Expert Bridge Engineer Citizens Bldg., Cleveland. Ohio ,000 cemeteries: are using our method of keeping their records of Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circulars sent on request. R. J. Haight, Publisher, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago VIII PARK AND CEMETERY. Barbee Wire and Iron Works Manufacturers of Steel Fences, Arches and Gates Many styles of Iron Settees, Chairs, Etc. Large variety of Wire Settees and Chairs. Over fifty different patterns and sizes of Vases, Cemetery Lot Fences, Grave Guards, Tree Guards, Hitch- ing Posts, Lawn Rollers, Fountains, Summer Houses. A general line of Plain and Orna- mental Wire and Iron Work. No. B45012— Wire Arm Chair No. B802— Tulip Bouquet Holder No. B 870 Arch The above illustration represents our No. B 870 wroueht steel Arch with our No. B 75 Drive Gate and No. B238 Ornamental Walk Gate Posts. It also represents three styles of fences, “C” "D” and “K”. It also shows two methods of finishing fences next to arches. Any of our various styles of gates can be used in these arches. Parties desiring to investigate the cost of this style of work with a view of purchasing will please correspond with us, giving as near as possible the measurements, arrangements of gates, etc. Approximate prices can be given without accurate measurements. We have many other styles of archways. Wrought steel arches are much more durable, have a nicer appearance and are less expensive than the old style, clumsy CAST IRON ARCHES BARBEE WIRE AND IRON WORKS, 44 and 46 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. The'moBt extensive manufacturers of low price, but high grade mechanically and honestly constructed steel fence in the United States. Catalog giving full informa- tion as to every detail of material and construction sent on application. You do not have to buy of us “Unslght and Unseen.” Send for our New Fence Catalog No. B56 PARK AND CEMETERY. IX provided by an ordinance in that city. Mr. Prost stood at the head of an eligible list of fourteen who passed the examination. He is a graduate of the Michigan Agricultural College and has been connected with the city parks since 1905. His first duty will be to make a report showing where planting should begin and the kind of trees that should be used. He will collaborate with the different park commissioners in his work. Major Charles S. Bromwell, for five years superintendent of public buildings and grounds, including parks, in Wash- ington, D. C., has been ordered back to his regular work in the engineer corps of the army, and is going to Milwaukee, where he will be in charge of the harbor improvements. The park commissioners of Buffalo, N! Y., at their regular meeting March 10th last, appointed D. A. Seymour su- perintendent of parks. Mr. Seymour has been in the department for seven years as auditor and paymaster. Pre- vious to his engagement with the park department he held the position of as- sistant city auditor for eleven years. Superintendent John L. Brothers, re- signed, was also a former park auditor, before becoming superintendent. Howard Evarts Weed, landscape architect of Chicago, will spend July and August on the Pacific coast. The State Federation of Women’s Clubs of Oregon is arranging for a series of forty town improvement lectures by Mr. Weed in that state. TRADE PUBLICATIONS, ETC. “Trees for Long Island,” handsomely printed and illustrated catalog of Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.; also from this firm comes a special booklet on “Large Evergreens for im- mediate planting,” executed in equally handsome typographical style. “Flowering Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants and Trees for Ornament and Shade,” a catalog from the Shatemuc Nurseries, Barrytown, N. Y., has some unusual ef- fects in the way of half-tone illustra- tions and is well gotten up throughout. YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And alnaf s mention the Paper when you write. WE SOLICIT YOUR ORDER FOR Boxwood, all sizes, in bush, pyramid and treeform Japanese Maples, potgrown . Roses, two years old, fieldgrown O. V. ZANGEN, Seedsman HOBOKEN, N. J. Gardeners and Superintendents Send for this Green- house Book. It is the latest information on up-to-date, scientific greenhouse building. LORD and BURNHAM CO. 1133 Broadway, NEW YORK The Lawns of Old England Are famous for their wonderful perfection and durability. Such lawns may be produced in this country if Imported English Lawn Grass Seed is used. No weed seeds or coarse grasses. Hardy and beauti- ful in color and texture. Imported fresh each season. Send for directions — How to Seed and Keep a Beautiful English Lawn. Free. Barwell Agricultural Works, Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, III. Establish, cl at Leicester, England, in 1800 IRON Catalog Free AND WIRE High Grade ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY AND FENCE COMPANY [[ 451 South Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind- X PARK AND CEMETERY. COLDWELL LAWN MOWERS Hand, Horse and Motor Power No other makes of Lawn Mowers, either hand, horse or motor power are used on New York City Parks The U.S. Capitol Grounds and many other Large Public Grounds throughout America SEND FOR CATALOGUE COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. 60 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. Style D Motor Mower Large Stock of Choice Kosters Blue Spruce Intending purchasers will do well to inspect our stock before ordering else- where. Ranging in size from 2 ft. to 7 ft. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J. Gladiolus Brenchleyensis per 1000 - $7.00 “ Gandavensis mixed “ 5.50 Cactus Dahlias, named dormant roots, per 100 4.00 Single Dahlias, mixed “ “ “ 3.00 Lilium Speciosum Rubrum, 9x11, “ 6.00 FRANKEN BROS. Deerfield, 111. The Improvement of Towns and Cities By Charles Mulford Robinson A comprehensive and practical handbook on Civic Improvement by the leading authority in Amer- ica. ''Invaluable forcityand town officials; it should be in the hands of every rnayor, city engineer, park superintendent and even councilman.” — Municipal Journal and Engineer. Price, posttaid. $1.35 PARK AND CEMETERY 324 Dearborn St., Chicago LANDSCAPE GARDENING = - - By F. A. Waugh An admirable treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art, with many suggestions for their application to the commoner problems of gardening. Illustrated, 12 mo. Cloth; price, $0.50. Sent postpaid hy R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 1,000 CEMETERIES are using our method for keeping their Records of Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descrip- tive Circulars sent on request. R. J. HAIGHT, Publisher, 374 Deurbom St.. CHICAGO CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages — Park and Cemetery, YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing- its advertisers andbygivingthe paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding PARK AND CEMETERY. XI CEMETERY NOTES {Continued from p -r^) will, when the Government Dam is completed, be covered by water. H. B. Stafford was awarded the contract for removing the bodies at . the rate of $4.95 each. * * * Seven old tombs, two in the Old Granary Burying Ground and five in the King’s Chapel Burying Ground, Boston, were recently opened in the course of the usual spring repair work. Some of the old tombs, built under ground, were constructed with a flight of steps leading down from the surface to the floor of the tomb. Before placing earth over the opening made by the.se steps, boards were laid across the walls at the side of the steps to keep the earth from falling in. It is this planking which has rotted that necessitates the repairs. * * * Crystal Springs Cemeterj^ owned by the city of Benton Harbor, Mich., and of which Mr. C. E. Reeves is sex- ton, is conducted by a cemetery board appointed by the mayor and council. This board elects its own officers and the superintendent, who serves with- out pay, employs a salaried sexton. The ground comprises some 30 acres, only 20 of which are available for bur- ial purposes, the remainder being ra- vines and bottom land. There is a chapel for the usual services. * * * Nearly every member of the coun- cil of Washington, Pa., is in favor of the removal or improvement of the old borough cemetery, which the citi- zens of Washington are complaining about. The Washington County His- Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of goods. Baker Bros. & Co. Tiffin, 0. Squier’s Weed Killer Absolutely the most effectual made. Has the greatest covering capacity of any. Its effects of longest duration. Most economical of any to use. Send for circulars giv- ing prices and testimonials from the largest users in the world. E. Harrison Mfg. Co. Rahway, N. J. RESERVOIR IRON VASES and LAWN SETTEES Manufactured by McDonald Brothers 108-114 Liberty St. COLUMBUS OHIO Send for Catalogue FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry^s T^££S Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata« logue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES ESTHLISHED 1840 Box W , Rochester, N. Y. f For Cemeteries and Parks The Best Made The Reservoir supplies the plants with mois- ture by capillary attraction. Not necessary to water plants oftener than once in ten days. We make nearly 100 styles ranging in price from $6.00 to $100.00 each. None better made. Send for catalogue. Walbridg^e (SI Compan>', The Original Patentees and Makers Buffalo, N. Y. C Cr^HILlin importer and Exporter of CUW. ^Ln/TlIU Fancy Poultry of all kinds White and Black Swans, Mandrakes, Wood Ducks, Peafowls, White and Pearl Guinea Fowls, Pheas- ants, Squirrels, etc Send for Catalog 712 12th street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate special attention givan to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND aOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Steck. Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LACK BOX 48. BANGOR. PENN. XII PARK AND CEMETERY. Entirely Perfected and Write for catalog. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. showing complete line, including Macadam rollers. Scarifiers, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co. - Buffalo, N. Y. Eastern Offices : 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City BUFFALO Pins Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER Practical Steam Roller FIVE BOMGARDNER LOWERING DEVICES IN USE AT ONE FUNERAL THIS BURIAL OF FIVE BODIES, VICTIMS OF THE SALISBURY WRECK TOOK PLACE AT WATERLOO, N. Y. AUG. 7. 1906 No otRer device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. Write The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts. Cleveland, Ohio PARK AND CEMETERY. XIII torical Society, however, maintains its determination that the cemetery will not be abolished, and that the bor- ough should care for it. CLASSIFIED ADS TO cents a line each insertion: 6 words to a line: minimum ^rice so cents. Cofy ?nust reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY, NEW ENGLAND GROWN Plants. A general line of nursery stock adapted to cemetery or home grounds. Evergreens and Rhododendrons in specimens — several times transplanted. Send for catalog. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Flskeville, R. I. Hose CRESTLINE SPECIAL Garden Hose. Made in three different weights. A tough, durable hose that has the life in it. Every section guaranteed. Price with couplings: ■ ■ 7-ply. $ 5.50 10.75 6.00 Higher priced grades and cheaper grades quoted on request. Immediate shipment. Express or freight. The Crestline Mfg. Co., Box 233, Crestline, O. V2-in., , -oer 50 ft. . 5-ply. . . .$4.00 6 -ply. $ 5.00 (4 -in.. per 100 ft. . . .. 7.75 9.75 %-in., , per 50 ft. . . .. 4.60 5.50 %-in., , per 100 ft. . . .. 8.75 10.75 Landscape Architects P. E. PEASE, LANDSCAPE GARDEN- ER, Des Moines, la. Parks, home grounds, residential subdivisions and lawn plan cemeteries. Correspondence invited. I WANTED POSITION WANTED as park superin- tendent or assistant superintendent; ex- tensive experience; 26 years in park de- velopment and management; draftsman and designer; A-1 references. Address H. H., care Park and Cemetery. CIVIL ENGINEER — Experienced ceme- tery surveyor and draftsman; designer of modern cemeteries desires position; best references. Address W. J. C. Ladders, 302 Quincy Bldg., Denver, Colo. GERMAN — Good character, educated in best schools for landscape gardening, thorough gardener and florist; able mana- ger with executive ability, brainy, imaginative, energetic and capable for biggest job; 18 years in this country; want satisfactory life position; bond given. Address B-4, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as superintendent of park or cemetery; have long experience in all branches of landscape work, garden- ing and horticulture; draw my own plans and do all the surveying; have A-1 refer- ences. Address X. Y. Z., care Park and Cemetery. POSITION WANTED as superintendent of cemetery; now employed in same ca- pacity; satisfactory reason for desiring change; best of references given. Address Lock Box 1164, Ulysses, Pa. WHITE GLAZED XERRA-COTXA GRAVE A^D lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO.. Limaville. Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Galvanized Cast Iron Grave & Lot Marks 'M Gxia.ra.ntee ‘with Every Mark'* BERGER MFG. CO. Marks for all Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St., Catalog on CINCINNATI, 0. Request Made 3 inch, 334 inch, 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch leng’ths. and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under 1 p 111 patents No. 680,432 and 734,854. For circulars and prices. Address ■-'CO*\j*Oa,3,SCy v/aK r aiK^Iii* Cemeteries West of Kockies, Address, Pasadena, Calif. Cemetery Records Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for Specimen Pages to PARK AND CEMETERY 324DearbornSt. CHICAGO Vases, Settees Chairs and Window Boxes Largest Manufacturers in the U. S. Write for Cat. “B” If Interested The Kramer Bros. Foundry Co. DAYTON :: OHIO BIND YOUR COPIES” OF Park and Cewetery With the EMERSON PATENT BINDER Price 75c. postpaid. R. J. Haight, 324 Dear- born St., Ch'cago. XIV PARK AND CEMETERY. The Van Dorn Iron Works Co., Cleveland, Ohio We make a specialty of Iron Fence - AND Entrances - TO No. 123. Lawn Seat. All Steel CEMETERIES ARD PARKS Also Large Manufacturers of Steel Lawn Seats, Iron Vases, Vault Doors and Vault Appliances Erected for Scripns Estate. Detroit, Mich, by us in 1908. Write us for catalogue and estimates STONE GRAVE VAULTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. ncOERHOTT. OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. GRAVE AND LOT MARKERS GRAVE EINING5 are gotten up in various styles of muslin, bunting and coberg, taste- fully made, or from Bosco, crushed or Jap silk, with chiffon lace trim- ming. We furnish heavy oiled pa- per backs to prevent them from getting soiled or muddy, and while these grave linings are supposed to be used like a casket for one time only, they may be used repeatedly until soiled. Prices range from $1.50 up for Lining down to Vault and $3. 00 up for complete Linings. They are neatly packed in boxes the size of a suit case. No frames to handle. Full directions in each box. Where less than one half dozen are ordered at one-time they will be shipped by express. These linings transform the ap- pearance of the grave from the rough, cold, repulsive thing we have known to one of beauty, giv- ing it a restful appearance; doing it so neatly, cheaply and completely that they are the wonder of all who see them. The Doddridge Grave ' Decorating Co. MILTON, - IND, This is our Style No, 2 THE DODDRIDGE PARK AND CEMETERY. XV ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE P^RKS AND^CE^TERIES IT WILL NOT KINK Our RUBBER HOSE is made by a new and improved process. The fabric is seamless circular braided and the hose is vulcanized under pressure, and it is impossible for it to separate between the plies. It is made in any continuous length and is stronger and more durable than the old style Duck Wrapped Hose, It will outlast any other hose on the market two to one and while it is NOT THE CHEAPEST, IT IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE Q For sale by all Supply and Seed Houses. Q Specify “ Electric ” and be sure it has the corrugated cover and the brand shown above. ELECTRIC HOSE ^ RUBBER CO. :: WILMINGTON, DEL. Our VITRIFIED and GLAZED Grave Markers are NEAT, EVERLASTING and INEXPENSIVE I We make them 18'' 4 in length by 4^" outside diameter. In I use at all large ceme- teries. We will quote delivered price on any quantity desired. Laclede - Christy Clay Products Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. Sprinklers Built Especially for Use in Parks and Cemeteries. FOR THE PARKS OF GREATER NEW YORK» WIDE TIRES— STRONG GEARS— LIGHT DRAFT. Full stock always on hand. THE AUSTIN-WESTERN CO., Ltd., Send for targe illustrated catalogue. CHICAGO, ILL. John Reid, Detroit, Mich., Supt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Oenieteries, has used the Device 3,500 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mioh., Oct. 4, 1906. (Jentlemen— In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as Ite neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that In the cemeteries under my charge we have nine of your Devices In use and used them at least S.BOO times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen thebrake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device. The entire weight of device 7S founds. E.R. Butte rworth, Seattle,Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen — I desire to say that I do not see where it would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time fall your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. H. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio. John MarsellusMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Cal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland^ Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co.. Los Angeles, CaJ. XVI PARK AND CEMETERY. The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND FOR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER DRAPE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED Made for CEMETERY USE WHEELS 10 Inches in Diameter CUTTER 8 Inches in Diameter DIAMOND HIQH-QRASS LAWN MOWER For hard, heavy work, it has no equal in the world ===== THREE REVOLVIN All blades crucible BLADES Cast Steel width of cut, Price. Will Cut Grass 3 to 10 inches' High Phosphor Bronze Bearings The DIAMOND will go where no other hand mower can follow NET PRICES FOR CASH WITH ORDER 15 inches 17 inches 19 inches 21 inches mpt $6.50 $7.50 $8.50 $9.50 DILLE & McQUIRE MFG. CO. RICHMOND, IND. Bird Sarcophagus Erected by Harrison Granite Co. in Woodlavjn Cemetery ^ New 2‘ork< ARTISTIC MEMORIALS IN GRANITE AND BRONZE FOR CEMETERIES AND PARKS SPECIAL DESIGNS SUBMITTED for Receiving Vaults, Memorial Chap- els, Mausoleums, Sarcophagi and Public and Private Monuments to be erected in any part of the United States Harrison Granite Co. Granite Works: BARRE, VT. Main Office : 44 E. 23d St., New York PARK AND CEMETERY. XVII The Marker Problem Picture shows one of the numbered markers reduced one-half. Solved! MAKE YOUR OWN LOT AND GRAVE MARKERS WITH THE LAWSON CE- MENT MARKER OUTFIT at a cost of from 1 to 3 cents each. Makes numbered and character markers on the same mould. Special price on all orders received this month. Write for descriptive circular and price. BELLETT LAWSON, Jr., 606 White Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. FLORAL DEVICE The arrangement of flowers or floral designs at the grave has often puzzled you. You have never found a device to aid you, for until now there has been none. We offer you the Adjustable Flower Holding and Grave Covering Device, which not only displays the flowers, but also auto- matically, neatly, quietly, safely and gradually carries them over the grave as the casket is lowered. This device weighs less than thirty-five pounds, is strong, durable, simple and adjustable to any size grave. It can be used in conjunction with or without any lowering device. It can be set up in less than five minutes. It cannot fail to work. Be first in your locality to have this device, which, though small in cost, adds wonderfully to the completeness of a funeral. Your competitor will eventually have one. Let him follow, not lead you. J. C. VAN AKEN CO., Ridgway, Pa. TOWSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knives l^~ All Onr Hand Mowers are Ball Bearing S. P. Townsend Co. ORANGE, N. J. SENT ON THEIR MERITS Write for Catalog PT?TUn?'n?T>V ’DT^PA'D'nC SEND FOR SPECIMEN PAGES TO jyi JL 1 JSK I ivJS vUKUO R. J.HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn ST. .CHICAGO Durfcc Grave Dirt Cover-Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Lining will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The American Motor Road Roller CHICAGO is made in 7 = lo = 12 - 15 ton sizes It is made to withstand every day hard service of the road. Its moving parts are fewer and stronger and its bearings more ample than any other roller, therefore its life is longer. It negotiates any hill where road wheels can get a foothold. It is always under control be- cause ONE LEVER controls the ENTIRE MACHINE. It is the most elastic roller in power and capacity for work, because it has two positive gear speeds. Portion of the hill in this photo- graph was over 2^erience. 5 Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY. Does not spoil the appearance of the walks or drives. Kills the weeds and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean. EXAMINE THIS TABLE OF COST: A barrel of 5o g£ils. will make 25oo gals, of liquid ready to apply to the roadway, covering 75oo Sq. Yds. of surface, and costing LESS THAN 2 CTS. A GALLON TO PUT ON. THE OLD METHOD of hoeing out weeds aqd grass is too costly. TRY OUR WAY and you will never be content with any other. Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN or direct to FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY, Only Makers, N. W. Cor. Broad & Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Thirteenth Tear of Successful Weed Killing Also makers of the celebrated Fairmount San fose Scale Killer. PARK AND C EM ET ER Y. Ill COLDWELL LAWN MOWERS Hand, Horse and Motor Power — — No other makes of Lawn Mowers, either hand, horse or motor power are used on New York City Parks The U.S. Capitol Grounds and many other Large Public Grounds throughout America SEND FOR CATALOGUE COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. 60 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. Mott’s Flower Vases and Settees COPYRIGHT 1908, BY THE g. L. MOTT IRON WORKS We issue separate catalogue of Lawn and Park Fountains, Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze, Railings and Entrance Gates, Gas and Electric Light Pillars, Settees and Chairs, Statuary Requests for Catalogues should specify the subject you are interested in. COPYRIGHT 1008, BY THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT Fifth Avenue and 17th Street, NEW YORK IV PARK AND CEMETERY. Over Half a Century’s plant growing- experience is at your service. Be sure that you get our Fall Catalog. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Dresher Box X Pa. The Book of Water Gardening By Peter Bisset, The latest and most practical work. Full directions for selection of stock, planting, construction of ponds, improvement of sur- roundings; 100 photographs, diagrams and plans. Price $2.50 postpaid. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons. Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York City. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. 1. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus and all fall planting BULBS Special Import Prices Furnished on Request STUMPP& WALTER CO. Bulb Farms SASSENHEIM, HOLLAND 50 BARCLAY ST. NEW YORK 151MC>5C'=iPE |,*v 'ARCHITECT r/.y; Jto. ry-,;. MEMBER of FRENCH and GERMAN SOCIETIES of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ADVICES, SKETCHES, DESIGNS, OR FULL WORKING PLANS FOR CEMETERIES, PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in English, French and German Ornamentals NURSERY GROWN EVERGREENS TREES SHRUBS REPENNIALS As Collectors Thro our various collecting stations we can supply almost any native Tree, Shrub, Ever- green, Perennial, Bulb, Fern, etc. This spring we shipped three full carloads of collected stock, besides hundreds of shipments of lesser amounts. recurvatum Trilliums grandiflorum nivale Ferns 20 of the better sorts ^ . Cypripedium, Habenaria, etc. Orchids Lllllum phlladelphlcum and Trillium grandiflorum in 100,000 lots. Orders for collected stock must get here early as most perennials die back soon after bloom- ing and collection is difiicult or impossible. Seeds Last year we sold over 10 tons tree and shrub seed. Let us quote on your wants. We can serve your interest well. Hopedale Nurseries HOPEDALE, ILL. “Universal” Lawn Trimmer Cuts every blade of grass left by the Lawn Mower close to Buildings. Fences. Walls, Shrubbery, etc., etc. Dispenses en- tirely with hand Grass Hook. Time saved will pay its cost in one season, SELF ADJUSTING BALL BEARINGS Self Sharpening Tension Drawcut Wiper Blades, Hardened lip- ped edge Stationary Knife cutting to }i of an inch of end of Trimmer, Double Grip Handle on line with Driving Wheel. BLAIR MANUFACTURING CO. SPRINGFIELD, MASS., U. S. A. Patentees and Manufacturers PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX Chicago, June, 1909 No. 4 Railroads and the Timber Supply The leading railroads of the country are rapidly falling into line to aid in reforestation, in which the Forestry section of the Agricultural Department is doing such great work. Railroad managers are realizing that to plant their available property, in suitable localities, with classes of trees that will in due time supply their require- ments for ties and other timber, when in a very few years such tracts may be made to pay expenses, is a business ptoposition worthy of immediate consideration. In other ways, besides the merely commercial one, such a move- ment on the part of the railroads will aid immensely in reclaiming treeless sections. Ng Illinois State Art Commission A State Art Commission bill enacted recently by the Illinois legislature has been signed by the governor. It provides that the governor shall appoint two architects, two painters, two sculptors and two other persons, to con- stitute a State Art Commission to act in an advisory capacity on the artistic character of any building or any work of art to be placed on state property. The gov- ernor is also a member ex-officio. This is a good begin- ning so far as Illinois is concerned, and is a timely and ■progressive act. Doubtless the recent acrimonious dis- cussion over the design of the Illinois soldiers’ monument, to be erected at Andersonville, had a strong influence in hastening this bill through a legislature remarkable for the very little it has accomplished for the public good. Ng Ng Progress of Cremation No greater evidence that “the wmrld do move” could be registered than in the progress in the movement in favor of cremation. Views even among the most conservative are yielding to the pressure of the broader intelligence of 'Our twentieth century civilization. In the “Catholic Encyclopedia,” now in course of publication, appears the following in conclusion of the article on Cremation: “In conclusion it must be remembered that there is nothing directly opposed to any dogma of the Church in the prac- tice of cremation, and that, if even the leaders of this sinister movement so far control the governments of the world as to make this custom universal, it would not be a lapse in the faith confided to her were she obliged to conform,” Vig Playgrounds Congress At the third annual congress of the Playground Associa- tion of America at Pittsburg, Pa., last month, delegates from some forty cities were present, among them many ■prominent persons interested in this important feature of our present-day educational ideas. Among the topics dis- cussed ■were: Story Telling on the Playgrounds; Playground Sta- tistics; Playground Equipment; Normal Courses in Play, etc. Chicago viras well represented, its position as perhaps the most advanced city in the world in its work of estab- lishing small parks and playgrounds, giving particular value to its .experiences and suggestions. Any community can W'ell afford to take up this question and add a syste- matized scheme of play to its common school curriculum; the results in a very few years would be beyond valuation in both the mental and physical development of the chil- dren and would redound to the honor of its promoters. As Professor Graham Taylor, of Chicago Commons, well ob- serves: “The child is coming to be as much of a civic problem, as it ever has been a family problem. Upon the normality of its children the strength and perpetuity of the state depend, as surely as the dependency and delin- quency of its children undermine the prowess and menace the life of the state.” N? Care and Maintenance of Mausoleums The increasing number of mausoleums, the consequent effect upon their construction of present-day competition, and the threatening invasion of concrete as a substitute for stone, makes it all the more important that suitable and comprehensive rules and regulations should be established for the proper construction of such structures, as well as for the adequate provision of funds for their future main- tenance. The large amounts usually expended by those able to afford such cemetery memorials, should give the fullest degree of confidence in their permanency, but ex- perience, in practically every cemetery in which mauso- leums have stood long enough to prove their stability under varying climatic and other conditions, has frequently shown that where instability has developed it has been due to poor construction. However, it is a timely ques- tion to consider and one in which the majority of ceme- teries are practically interested. Elsewhere in this issue are given extracts from comments on the subject of maintenance by prominent cemetery officials, and Park AND Cemetery would be glad to hear from other ceme- teries which have, adopted rules relative to the construc- tion, care, or maintenance of mausoleums. Sig 'Sg The Way of the Reformer There is a strange contrast between the way in which a reform movement will make headway in the city, and the headway such reform will not make in the country. Where one might reasonably expect an improvement idea to take hold at once and be pushed with vigor, as in the country, there it is that missionary effort will be the most needed. Even example, which according to the old proverb, is better than precept, fails to make its record in the average country community. And this condition may be expected to continue until the country school exercises a higher and broader influence than it yet does. Signs of improvement, however, are not wanting, and persistent effort in a good cause is bound to win in the end. Vjg Ng Congressional Free Seed It is quite natural that the great majority of seedsmen should warmly resent the annual distribution of free seeds, and should charge it as being a restraint of trade by the U. S. Government itself. The appropriation of $50,000 for the purpose in 1864 has become $358,000 in 1909, and from 15,000,000 packets in 1900 the distribution has grown to some 60,000,000 in 1909. It is quite a farcical scheme on the part of Congress, inasmuch as that whereas it is prob- able that the original idea was to help the agriculturist, through his , representative at Washington, by supplying him for experimental purposes with some new or rare varieties of seeds, it has now degenerated into a simple “give away” of a few packages of common vegetable seeds to the favored constituents of the congressman e.xercising himself in their distribution. 47 PARK AND CEMETERY. AN ERA OF EXTENSION IN LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO Lincoln Park, probably the most used of any of the parks in the three systems of Chicago, has for years been much overworked in providing as a separate system for the recrea- tion of the great North Side, with a population of 440,262, and a park area of 416 acres, giving one acre of park to 1,058 people. The South Side, with its 2,429 acres for 954,642 peo- ple, has one acre for every 393 peo- ple, and the West Park System has 1,038 people to an acre of parks, the population being 1,068,749 and the park area 1,029 acres. The Lincoln Park Commissioners have conse- quently set about enlarging the sys- tem by reclaiming from the lake an addition to Lincoln Park, and es- tablishing in the congested districts three small play parks of the type that has been so wonderfully success- ful on the South Side. The recent annual report of the board tells of the active prosecution of this work of extension. A bond issue of $500,000 was voted in 1907 and construction begun on t-wo small park sites. Seward Park, the first of these, was opened July 4, 1908, and has since been used to its utmost capacity. It covers 1.78 acres and has a field house 300 feet by 56 feet, built of oriental brick with a green tile roof. The center portion of the building contains an open loggia leading through to the grounds. Above is an assei^ibly hall, with a seating capacity of three hun- dred, a reading room branch of the Public Library which is supplied with magazines and periodicals by the Commissioners. In each wing of the building is a gymnasium, 77 feet by 43 feet, adjacent to which are baths, lockers and toilet rooms. The field house is also equipped with a lunch room, store rooms and offices. The grounds are fenced and laid out to embrace a running track, wading pool and athletic field, which is flooded in winter for skating purposes. The field has been supplied with frames and other gymnastic apparatus. There is no charge connected with any part of the playground aside from the lunch room. This is man- aged by the Commissioners, care be- ing taken to obtain only strictly wholesome food, which is sold at only enough above cost to meet the expenses of operation. During the summer months informal gymnastic work, with games and plays, was car- ried on under two trained instructors. On October 15th these activities were transferred to the indoor gymnasium, where a thoroughly organized and systematic schedule of class work and games was formed, classes in- cluding members of both sexes over ten years of age. To promote a bet- ter and more uplifting use of the as- sembly hall a series of Tuesday night lectures and entertainments has been arranged under the auspices of the park commissioners. A number of prominent lecturers and entertainers have given their services gratis, and thus far the attendance has been large. The hall is equipped with movable stage, piano and electric lan- tern with an attachment by which moving pictures of an educational character are shown. Stanton Park, 4.9 acres, is now un- der development, and our illustration shows the handsome field house de- signed for it. The Lake Shore Play- ground was also opened in 1908, and has been much used. Last fall a bond issue of $250,000 was voted for small park purposes in that district, and the selection of sites is now un- der way. The work of increasing the area of Lincoln Park by filling in the sub- merged lands northward along the lake shore, and creating an addition to the present park of 197.54 acres made possible by the million dollar bond issue, voted in 1903 by the FIELD HOUSE FOR STANTON PARK, LINCOLN PARK SYSTEM, CHICAGO. rARK AND CEMETERY. 48 Town of Lake View, has proceeded vigorously during the past year. The breakwater was finished as far as planned, to a point 1,200 feet east of the shore line at Cornelia street; 1,868 feet of pier, consisting of a double line of piles and Wakefield sheeting, 18 feet apart, tied together with bolts and ballasted with rock brought from the spoil banks of the the banks of the Desplaines River, a few hundred feet from the park’s stone loading plant at Lemont was purchased at a cost of $10,461.33. The tract is situated in a quarry district where the land will be enhanced in value by reason of its being stripped of soil and will probably be readily salable. It is being used in part as a nursery until such a time as the over the present system of $7,294 or 25 per cent of the present cost. The new concrete bridge, boat house, and much other concrete con- struction, and the new refectory have already been illustrated in these pages. A new elephant stockade 40x56 feet was built in the zoo, and the parterre south of the conservatory rearranged. NEW CONCRETE BRIDGE AND UNDERGROUND BOAT HOUSE, UINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO. Drainage Canal by the park fleet, has been constructed at a cost of $36.19 per lineal foot. A total of 672,815 cubic yards of material was pumped in place by the hydraulic dredge, as against 457,242 cubic yards the year before. To the 12.15 acres made the season previous, 27.6 acres were added, making a total of 39.75 acres now showing above water. Besides the work of the dredge, 15,152 yards of fill have been brought in by teams. The 230,700 cubic yards of loam needed to cover the extension to a depth of twelve inches would cost at the present average market price $219,165. Taking into account the scarcity and increasing price of loam it was thought advisable to purchase the desired amount at once. The park engineers were sent out during the summer of 1907 to make careful surveys and tests within a reasonable distance from the city. Acting on the recommendations embodied in their report, a tract of 107 acres on loam is otherwise needed. It is esti- mated that a saving of at least $100,- 000 will be made by this purchase. Active operations on this extension began in 1905. Since that time a large and efficient plant has been pro- vided, the breakwaters completed, and 1,130,057 cubic yards, or 36 1-3 per cent of the entire fill, are in place. Recent measurements show that out of the 1,980^,883 cubic yards yet need- ed to finish the proposed fill 713,790 cubic yards can be still pumped from the site of the proposed yacht har- bor in which the dredge has been operating during the greater part of the last season. A general rehabilitation of the elec- tric light and power plant is taking place. A contract was signed with the Trustees of the Sanitary District of Chicago in which provision was made to furnish electric current to the parks at a cost of $15 per horse power, twelve hour service, thus pro- ducing an estimated annual saving Forty thousand new shrubs and trees have been set out during the season, an effort being made to screen wherever possible the public streets and adjacent buildings in order to produce quiet sylvan conditions. Corners, intersections and side hills have been planted in numerous cases, the idea being to establish as large a number of vigorous plantations as possible without materially reducing available lawn spaces. The large number and general obtrusiveness of the park buildings has also made it desirable to screen them as far as possible. The construction of mounds thickly planted with trees and shrubs at the stable, power house, boat house and comfort stations has produced a decided improvement in the general appearance of the park. A consider- able number of trees ranging from eight to twelve inches in diameter have been planted wherever thought necessary to produce shade or vary the sky line. Many small American elms and Norway maples have been 49 PARK AND CEMETERY. planted in groups on the lawns, that they may ultimately replace the oaks, box elder and black locust, which are feebly combating city conditions and road making which have already been described in Park and Cemetery. During the summer many of the trees suffered from the ravages of the port. The attorney tells of the suit brought by the Westrumite Co., who claimed a patent on any mixture of oil and water to lay dust, which they FILLING IN LAKE MICHIGAN TO MAKE LINCOLN PARK EXTENSION. which on the whole produce an un- satisfactory appearance. A force of men has been kept at work through- out the year cultivating, pruning, spraying, repairing injured trees, cut- ting out dead and unsightly growths, transplanting and re-arranging so as to open desired vistas and close ob- noxious views. Xo appreciable damage has result- ed from allowing the thousands of people to throng over the green- sward, and the general appearance of the grounds has been greatly en- hanced by removing the numerous grass signs and fences. An effort has been made to estalilish for edu- cational purposes an increased num- ber of species and varieties of trees, shrubs, and perennial plants in the neighborhood of the conservatories and perennial garden, at the same time to so group the plantings as to bring about harmony in color and landscape design. This work is planned to meet the requirements of hundreds of botanical students who annually frequent the grounds. The trees and shrubs of this section have been labeled with their common and botanical names. The report gives a detailed account of the experiments with macadam white marked Tussock Moth. The lindens, box elders and soft maples appeared to suffer most. This insect is essentially a city pest, and the park department gave out much advice to citizens whose trees were infested. Spraying with arsenate of lead was resorted to to some extent, and a small force of men was kept busy several weeks cleaning the trees of cocoons and egg masses. By this means the insect was kept in subjec- tion and very little damage resulted from its activities. Spraying with kerosene emulsion and with lime and sulphur was carried on well into the spring for the suppression of the Cottony Maple Scale, the Oyster Scale, and for the Elm Scurvy Scale. The entire lawn area of the park has been cleared of fences and grass signs and during the summer was kept carefully mowed. Seventy-two thousand square yards of lawn sur- face were covered with loam to a depth of twelve inches, and approxi- mately 200 cords of manure was ap- plied to the lawns and shrubbery plantations during the season. Interesting reports from Chas. A. Sartain, director of playgrounds, and from Chas. A. Churan, the board’s attorney, are also included in the re- claimed was infringed by the emul- sion made by the park force under Mr. West’s direction. The suit was won by the pai'k board. Judge Kohl- saat in his decision taking the atti- tude that it could not be deemed in- vention to pour oil and water not united chemically on roadways. This interesting decision is printed in full in the report. Francis T. Simmons is president of the board, Myron H. West, secretary and superintendent, and O. C. Si- monds, consulting landscape gar- dener. THE COVER ILLUSTRATION The illustration on the cover shows a view of the city of Reims, France, and its famous cathedral, rising in the background over the city. The view is taken from the railway sta- tion, in front of which is the attrac- tive little park shown in the picture. A glance at this little beauty spot of- fers a strong contrast to the generally slovenly surroundings of American railway stations. Another lesson may be learned from the careful attention given to the surroundings and set- ting of the monument which has been placed in the center of an im- maculave circle of lawn, with flower beds surroundings it at the base. PARK AND CEMETERY. /so LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN PUBLIC PARKS One of a series of lectures on '‘Landscape Gardening," at the University of Michigan, by O. C. Simonds, Landscape Gardener, of Chicago Up to the present time, parks are the most ambitious creations of the landscape gardener’s art. In making this statement I have in mind such parks as those about Chi- cago, Delaware Park at Buffalo, Central Park at New York, Prospect Park at Brooklyn, Franklin Park and the Metropolitan parks at Boston, the Bois de Boulogne, and the Bois cle Vincennes at Paris, and the other great parks associated with various American and European cities. A pretty clear idea of what a park should be may be gathered from some quotations which I will make from “Garden and Forest” — Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles Eliot: “We have always used the word (park) to indicate pri- marily a place where the mind and body are refreshed by rural scenery. Of course, a park will also furnish fresh air and sunshine, opportunities for bodily exercise and rest, but beyond these, and more important than these, is the refreshment of mind which comes from the influ- ence of beautiful natural scenery. The paths and roads are not, therefore, merely places to walk in or drive over; their fundamental use is to make the scenery of the park available to persons on foot, or in carriages, or on horse- back, so that they may find that relief and repose which natural beauty alone can bring to city-wearied senses. The value of a city park, therefore, for a city popula- tion, is greater or less according as the poetic charm of its scenery is preserved and developed.” “A landscape park requires, more than most works of men, continuity of management. Its perfecting is a slow process. Its directors must thoroughly apprehend the fact that the beauty of its landscape is all that justifies the existence of a large public open space in the midst, or even in the immediate borders, of a town, and they must see to it that each newly-appointed member of the governing body shall be grounded in this truth. Holding to the supreme value of fine scenery, they will take pains to subordinate every necessary construction, and to per- fect the essence of the park, which is its landscape, be- fore elaborating details or accessories.” “The type of scenery to be preserved or created ought to be that rvhich is developed naturally . from the local circumstances of each case. Rocky or steep slopes sug- gest tangled thickets or forests. Smooth hollows of good soil hint at open or ‘park-like’ scenery. Swamps and an abundant water-supply suggest ponds, pools or lagoons. If distant views or regions outside the park are likely to be permanently attractive, the beauty thereof may be enhanced by supplying stronger foregrounds; and, con- versely, all ugly or town-like surroundings ought, if pos- sible, to be ‘planted out.’ ” “Large public buildings, such as museums, concert- halls, schools and the like, may best find place in town streets or squares. They may wisely, perhaps, be placed near, or facing upon, the park; but to place them within it is simply to defeat the highest service which the park can render the community. Large and conspicuous build- ings, as well as statues and other monuments, are com- pletely subversive of that rural quality of landscape, the presentation and preservation of which is the one justi- fying purpose of the undertaking by a town of a large public park.” “Most men of specialized training, such as architects, engineers, and all grades of horticulturists, stand in need of an awakening before they are really competent to have to do with park work. Each has to learn that his build- ing, his bridge or road, his tree or flower, which he has been accustomed to think of as an end in itself, is, in the park, only a means auxiliary and contributive to a larger end — namely, the general landscape.” “In spite of a common popular prejudice to -the con- trary, it will generally be found that concave, rather than convex, portions of the earth’s surface are to be preferred for park sites.” “The element of interest which, beyond question, should be placed first, if possible, in the park of any great city is that of an antithesis to its bustling, paved, rectangular, walled-in streets — a requirement best met by a large meadowy ground of an open, free tranquil character.” “No urban park is safe until public sentiment is edu- cated up to a controlling belief that breathing space in a city is quite as essential to the mental, moral and physi- cal health of its people as building space, and that the very best use to which certain portions of its territory can be put, is to cover it with greensward, and keep buildings off of it.” “Sound art, high art, in our spacious parks means essentially the development of every possible poetic charm in their natural scenery and the exclusion of every element which conflicts with this purpose.” “It seems to be an admitted fact also that quiet, pas- toral effects have the greatest intrinsic value in enabling us to resist the wearing influence of city life, and recover wasted mental energy, and it therefore follows that the best work is not one in which the architectural features predominate, or in which the planting aims to be highly ornamental or decorative.” “Not only is beauty essential to a park, its whole value lies in beauty. But it must be that serene and enduring beauty which is embodied in its essential and permanent features, and not merely the transient and superficial beauty of floral embroidery. It must have dignity of expression, and not mere prettiness.” These quotations are from the greatest authorities we have and should be clearly understood, not only by all park commissioners, and those having some direct connection with the management of the parks, but by citizens generally, so that they will not demand any sites in parks for monuments, mu- seums and other structures which detract from park scenery. It was but little more than a generation ago when nearly every citizen of our country thought himself competent to be his own architect. Gradually we have come to realize that it is wise to have some one of skill and training design even the simplest structure. We are now very much in the same position with regard to land- scape gardening that our fathers were in regard to archi- tecture. Each one is apt to think that he knows intui- tively how to grade, plant and trim, or if he distrusts his own ability, he is willing to put his own grounds, or the grounds of his city, into the hands of a person who has a little specialized training in almost any direction. If a man has had some training in engineering, he is thought 51 PARK AND CEMETERY. to be able to design a public park. I remember cases where park commissioners have appointed engineers as superintendents of the grounds under their control. A man who had been a good official in the army was thought, on that account, to be the proper person for park super- intendent. In another case, a livery-stable keeper was appointed superintendent — the commissicners reasoning that a livery-stable keeper must know something about horses. Numerous horses were used in the park, and so a livery-man was a proper person for a superintendent. IMany persons are sure that because a man understands raising flowers in a greenhouse he is quite able to design ornamental planting in a park, or because a man is an architect, and can design buildings, it is thought that he must be entirely competent to design ornamental grounds. Perhaps of all the quotations I have given, none is more important than the one that says that “most men of specialized training stand in need of an awakening before they are competent to have to do with park work.” My own feelings with regard to parks have been largely influenced by my early life in the country. The back part of my father’s farm was all the park I needed. It was a valley, bounded by a steep bluff at its northern limit and a more gradual and very thickly wooded rise of ground at its southern limit. At the foot of the steep bluff there was a lively stream running rapidly over pebbles here and there, and between the rapids there were stretches of still water five to six feet in depth, mak- ing admirable places for swimming. Very early in the season hepaticas, blood-roots, dog-toothed violets and trilliums would burst into bloom on the protected sunny slopes of the hillside. The forest growth included oaks of large size, sj'camores, tulip-trees, elms, lindens, maples, beeches, iron-woods, flowering dog-woods, June-berries, red-buds, sassafras and one large cotton-wood. In the more open spaces, or along the borders of the stream, there were witch-hazels, red-branched dog-woods, elder- berries, and all the various shrubs with which you are familiar, and there were five or six hundred species of flowers. Certain areas had been cleared, so that one could sit on the bluff and look deep into the heart of the woods. He could watch the kingfisher coursing up and down the stream, or flying with a fish to a certain hole in the bank. He could listen to the woodpeckers pound- ing on hollow stubs, or calling with loud voices to their mates. There were robins, various thrushes, blue-birds, cat-birds, blue-jays, nut-hatches and chickadees. Occa- sionally a blue-heron would be seen wading carefully along the edge of the water and watching intently for his din- ner. Woodchucks and muskrats were not uncommon, and there were fox, red, gray and black squirrels, and sometimes a raccoon. Hawks would be seen daily, and owls were not uncommon, although it w'as quite an event when we saw a white owl. The opening of flowers, the bursting into leaf of the various trees, the arrival of birds, the music of our feathered songsters, the sweet per- fumes, the animal life, the summer growth, the various discoveries to be made, the fall coloring, the various nuts and fruits, made of the season a perpetual delight, and this delight was not limited by the arrival of snow. There were the winter sports which are mentioned in one of the stanzas of an old song I remember; “When winter comes with its chilling blast. The farmer’s boy is in glee. For he loves the snow as it’s driving past Or drifting over the lea. Says he to himself, ‘To-morrow morn With my skates and sled I’ll be. While the cattle are munching their hay and corn. Oh! that is the life for me!’” Then there is the beauty of winter. The snow covers the fields with their graceful undulations with a pure white blanket, from which may be seen, rising at a dis- tance, the soft, dark-gray color of the woods, here and there varied by cloud-shaped areas of brown and straw color from the clinging leaves of oaks and beeches. Occa- sionally when there has been a light, still fall of snow, all the branches of the trees will be covered with white, and at rarer intervals every tiny branch, every brown spear of grass, every weed would be covered with rounded forms of ice that will sparkle like jewels in the sunlight, and show us every color of the rainbow. As I look back upon the enjoyment of that early period, I wish that all the children of the present day, as well as their fathers and mothers, could have some place to go where they could sit quietly and enjoy nature, or where they could romp about and play on the grass, or go in wading or swimming; a place where they could become acquainted with the shapes of all the leaves and their habits of growth; with the perfume of the linden and lilac, with the songs of the thrushes and cat-birds, with the motions of the chipmunk, and, in short, all the charms of the country. This desire is intensified when I go back to my early home, and see it largely devoted to truck-gardens, with all its early beauty gone, and when I realize that within a generation or two it will un- doubtedly be part of a great city. It is also intensified when I go through the region all about that city and find difficulty in discovering a native forest of even a few acres. I wish, then, that every city, every village, every town- ship, could have one or more areas where all of the original inhabitants would not be driven out. Let us cre- ate safe retreats for all the various trees and shrubs which I have mentioned, as well as the other native growth of this state, and may we not restrict this pro- tection to our own plants alone, but w'elcome the plants of other countries and give them fitting surroundings, and let us, while giving happiness to trees and shrubs and flowers, create at the same time the most attractive of real pictures. We shall make the points from which these pictures arc to be seen accessible by means of ■ paths and drives. We shall have in convenient and se- cluded places shelters in which we can retreat in case of sudden storms. We shall have places for boating and ball-playing, for coasting and skating, for rest and con- templation, and from these quiet, delightful retreats we shall shut out, as far as possible, the buildings, noises and business of the cities. I have tried in this brief outline to hint at what I feel should be the spirit of the park — to touch upon its most prominent characteristics. Incidentally, a park may do many things for us. It may serve as an arboretum or a botanical garden, to teach us the names and charac- teristics of various forms of vegetation. It may furnish an opportunity for delightful exercise — for walking, and for riding on horseback, in carriages, on bicycles or in automobiles. The automobile has not yet been admitted into all parks. If driven slowly so that its passengers would have an opportunity to enjoy the scenery, and so PARK AND CEMETERY. 62 that pedestrians, equestrians and those riding in vehicles would not be frightened, there would seem to be no ob- jection to its free use on the park drives, but when there is a chance that it may be driven in a reckless manner it becomes very dangerous and destructive of the enjoy- ment and rest for which the park was intended. Parks can appropriately be used for open-air concerts, since these would give enjoyment to everybody, but they should never be used for religious or political meetings. They should be places for rest, recuperation and undis- turbed contemplation of the beauties of nature, and not places for exhorters, agitators or those who take delight in stirring up our feelings. A few of the physical features of a typical park may be briefly mentioned. Something has already been said in previous lectures regarding the location and construc- tion of roads, but there will be no harm in repeating that the roads should not be too steep. They should con- duct people to places they wish to reach. There should be no more of them than are really necessary. They should be well drained, and constructed with smooth, hard durable surfaces, and be as free as possible from noise, dust and reverse curves. For the purpose of shut- ting out the city, there should be a thick boundary plan- tation, and it is an advantage if this plantation can be emphasized by an elevation of grade in the land. The principles governing planting will be referred to in a future lecture, but it may be well to state here that trees and shrubs should generally be grouped together and have some relation to each other. Avoid rows, especially in the general plantations, and along curved drives. Have large open spaces. From any point in one of these spaces one should see only natural objects, trees, shrubs, rocks, land, water or some attractive distant view. There is no harm in seeing just a glimpse of a park structure, such as a shelter-house or bridge, or in seeing a distant city, but it is wrong to have a building within the park so conspicuous, either by its size or by its color, that it will constantly attract the eye to itself or, as we say, “strike one in the eye.” This rule is sometimes violated in an island park by placing a prominent building near the shore, and even the beauty of Franklin Park in Bos- ton was greatly marred by the erection of a large yellow refectory on one of its most commanding hills. The grades of parks should be natural. There should be no railway embankments, but -if these are necessary, they should be hidden by planting. In designing open areas of lawn or water, try to have some portion hidden from every point of view. Take advantage, as far as possible, of all natural features, that is, if there are rocky ledges, have these count for something in the landscape. If there are existing trees and shrubs, see if they can form a valuable feature of the design. If there are valleys, accentuate them by keeping the low spaces open, and planting with tall growth surrounding hills and ridges. Try to have the character of the park correspond with that of the surrounding country, and call our attention to its delightful features. Sites for parks should be selected where they will be reasonably accessible, and also, if possible, where they will have some advantage from existing trees, woods, streams, lakes, hills or valleys. Often the lie of the land may be such as to make a given site poorly adapted to residences or factories, but which will furnish just the variety needed in a park. A ravine, for instance, may be a most delightful feature in a park, and a hill may be just what is needed, although for other purposes the first would need to be filled, and the last cut away. From a business point of view the establishment of parks is a good investment for a city, since they gener- ally add many times their cost to the assessed valuation. Their management should be in hands of commission- ers appointed for the purpose. The boards of park com- missioners should be small. A board of five members is quite large enough. The parks of Boston are managed by three men. A certain income is also desirable. By this I mean an assured income. If the park commis- sioners know that their income for a series of years will be not far from a designated amount each year, they can plan their work for the future. In some states the laws provide that park districts may be formed, that bonds not exceeding a certain ratio to the assessed valuation may be issued upon a favorable vote by the people, and that an annual tax having a fixed ratio to the value of the property included in the district may be collected for park maintenance and payment of the bonds. Some- times commissioners are appointed, and sometimes they are elected. That system is best which will serve to keep parks out of politics. The most important duty of a park commission is to appoint a good superintendent — some one that is qualified for the work in every way. When this has been done, the hiring of men should be left entirely in his charge, and he should also have power to discharge any employe not found satisfactory. A good superintendent will not know whether his men are re- publicans or democrats, nor will he be interested in their religion. He should see to it that his men are com- petent for the w’ork which they have to do, and that the'y attend to this work steadily and quietly. A park should not become an asylum for incompetent men of any kind, and should not be a refuge for friends of the machine. The term of each commissioner should extend over a series of years, and one should be appointed or elected each year. Usually the best results are secured when the men chosen to exercise supervision over the parks receive no salaries. I have spoken of the importance of their exercising great care in the selection of a superintendent. When a park is first started, it may be even more important to select some one of sufficient intelligence and skill to make a plan. If the plan is good, it will become perma- nently fixed upon the ground by the construction of roads and walks, and the gro^vth of trees and shrubs. After this is accomplished, the superintendent should be able to take care of the park and see that its character is maintained. Quite a long list of cities of the United States gives the number of inhabitants for each acre of park, from twenty-five to six hundred. I think w'e do not know yet how many acres a city should have for each thousand inhabitants. Most of the parks, even of European cities, are comparatively recent in origin. The oldest park of considerable extent in this country is not yet sixty years old. We know that we need many more acres of park than did the people who lived one hundred years ago. Perhaps those who come after us may need more parks than we do. It is certain that the number of people who have a taste for landscape has increased enormously during the last century. This is shown by the work of painters, and by the paintings which people buy, as well as by the creation of parks. As this taste increases, per- haps our parks will become more extensive in area, and more simple and refined in treatment. PARK AND CEMETERY. 6 i PAVILION FOR .WINNIPEG PARK The accompanying illustration shows a sketch of a handsome pa- vilion just completed in Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg, Canada. The struc- ture comprises a tw'O-story main building, 120x80 feet, connected with an open pavilion, 80x40, by means of pergolas enclosing a central court, in which is a fountain and basin 44x20. The open pavilion stands on the edge of a natural terrace overlooking a fine sweep of rolling park meadow, and commanding a fine view of the winding Assiniboine River. The main building has on its first floor a large refreshment counter and lunch room, with halls dividing it from the rest rooms and lavatories. On the second floor are three dining halls and service rooms, surrounded by wide covered balconies which command fine views of the park. The central tower, fiO ft. high, sup- ports and encloses a water tank of 16,500 gallons capacity, which is sup- plied from the river by an electric motor pump. This tank supplies the necessary pressure for the water serv- ice, and the fountains in the lake con- structed last year. The interior is finished in plaster and British Colum- bia fir, stained in soft shades of brown. The exterior is of rough cast and stained pine. The total cost was about .$28,000. G. Champion is super- intendent of parks at Winnipeg. as to be unaffected by the traffic or a more viscous and elastic binding material must be used. It is quite generally believed that some form' of bitumen is best adapted to this pur- pose.” The viewpoint of the French engi- neers, as reflected in this report, is that the road should be designed to withstand the traffic to which it is to be subjected. A road which under automobile traffic produces a vast amount of dust and wears out so rap- idly as to make the cost of mainte- nance very high, is unfitted for auto- mobile traffic. Of all the methods for reinforcing the binder of a macadam road, the French, English and the best American practice selects a pre- pared tar. This material in three forms, suitable for various road con- ditions, is available in this country under the name of Tarvia. The den- sity of the Tarvia is varied to suit the character of the surface to which it is to be applied. For a new road, for instance, a very dense material called Tarvia X may be had, which is sufficiently viscid to act as a binder in the large voids of the lk2-inch stone of a new road. For use in the top course where the voids are much smaller, a lighter material called Tarvia A is manufac- tured: and for the minute pores of an old road where there is to be no- resurfacing, Tarvia B, which is an even lighter fluid, is supplied. In each case the effect of the Tarvia is to act as a sort of soft cement between the particles of stone. NEW TESTIMONY ON TARVIA PAVILION FOR ASSINIBOINE PARK, WINNIPEG, CAN. The report of Nelson P. Lewis, Chief Engineer of the Board of Es- timate and Apportionment of the City of New York, issued as a result of his visit on behalf of the Board to the First International Road Con- gress in Paris, contains many sane and sensible reflections regarding the dust problem on macadam roads. Among other things, he says: “It must be conceded that grit or stone dust of the same kind as that of which the road is built, sand, sandy loam and mixtures of sand and clay, are not suitable as binding material for roads which are freely used by motor cars. As stated by M. Maul- ieu, engineer of bridges and roads, of Paris: ‘Only a perfectly homoge- neous roadway, of which all the fine surface materials are protected against being scattered, is able to stand the passage of the extra rapid vehicles in use today.’ Either the roadbed must be so hard and dense GORE STREET, BUILT WITH TARVIA X., AFTER SIX MONTHS USE, WELLESLY, MASS. PARK AND CEMETERY. 54 In settling a case in probate in Youngstown, O., Mr. Volney Rogers, one of the Mill Creek Park commis- sioners, was called in to testify to the value of an oak tree on the es- tate. The tree was over 300 years old and Mr. Rogers placed its value at .$300. * ^ * Jacob H. Prost, the recently ap- pointed city forester of Chicago, has issued a set of instructions for the guidance of householders and property owners in taking care of shrubbery and trees. Since he took office Mr. Prost has been besieged with almost every imaginable query concerning the removal of unsightly trees, the treatment of trees attacked by insect pests and similar subjects. His set of instructions is aimed to meet the needs of the majority of these cases. His first directions bear on the removal of dead or unsightly trees and the trimming of dead or obstructing branches — part of his work to which he is giving his first attention. PARK IMPROVEMENTS The Merrimac Town Improvement Society, Merrimac, Mass., is raising a fund of $2,000 to purchase and im- prove a park. The park board of Springfield, 111., has purchased the Mildred Park tract from Edward W. Payne. W. F. Horn has given to Oklahoma City, Okla., 49 acres for park pur- poses. J. J. Culbertson and J. C. Robertson have donated four and nine acres, respectively. Four small parks in congested dis- tricts of the West Park System of Chicago are to be developed with a bond issue of $1,000,000 recently granted by the legislature, subject to popular vote. Philadelphia has purchased a small triangular tract at Passyunk Ave. and Tasker St., for a park. The Board of Public Works of Waterbury, Conn., is to build a stone wall and substitute granite curbing for dilapidated fences at Union Square and Stanley Park. Denver, Col., has bought a 130- acre addition to the City Park for $125,000 from the State Fand Board. Andrew Melgaard has given to Aberdeen, S. D., an eleven acre grove and offered to sell fourteen acres ad- joining. Rock Island, 111., has raised $5,000 as part of the purchase price of a 24- acre tract. The city is to contribute $10,000 more in annual instalments. Davenport, la., has secured an op- tion on a 32-acre tract to be bought by the city and public subscriptions. A law passed by the Missouri Legislature makes the Superintendent of Parks of St. Joseph, city forester, and gives him power to regulate and care for the street trees. Mason City, la., has bought a twenty-acre park tract from the Park- er estate. The Civic League of Jennings, La., has purchased a block adjoining the school house and will park it. The Newton Center Improvement Association, Newton Center, Mass., has bought two park tracts and is improving them. Durant, Okla., has voted at a re- cent election to issue $6,000 in bonds for a city park. Adolph Arp, formerly superintend- ent of parks at Davenport, la., is in charge of the parks of Meridian, Miss., where he is improving a new tract of 30 acres. The Chebeague Park Association has bought ten acres on Chebeague Island, Me., for a park. Governor Fort of New Jersey ad- vocates the acquirement by that state of a tract of about 200,000 acres in the northern part of the state for a state park. E. H. Harriman, who owns a part of the tract, has offered to give 23,000 acres on condition that the state gets possession of the rest of the property. A movement has been started at Los Angeles to get possession of a forty-acre tract owned by Rosedale Cemetery on Pico Heights for a park, under a new law recently passed by the legislature. Under a city ordi- nance the land cannot be used for cemetery purposes. Condemnation proceedings are un- der way in Buffalo, N. Y., to secure a water front park of 87 acres. In the report of Olmsted Brothers, landscape architects, Brookline, Mass., for improving Piedmont Park, Atlan- ta, Ga., they suggest that the park should be divided up into a large meadow area, a lake for boating and bathing, woodlands with driveways, a rolling landscape, covered with grass, shade trees, shrubs and flow- ers, and borders of terraces. The race track, the architects point out, should give way to a meadow. The park, cemtery and street com- mission of Marquette, Mich., has asked for $18,000 for the department this year. The city council of Haverhill, Mass., has agreed with the Swasey estate on the purchase price of a fourteen-acre tract to be used for a park. The park commissioners of Apple- ton, Wis., have recommended the ex- penditure of $500 on the Jones tract, recently acquired. The park commissioners of Glou- cester, Alass., have a fund of $5,000 for park improvements along the banks of the canal. Deadwood, S. D., has voted a bond issue of $25,000 for park purposes. Silvis, 111., has bought a seven-acre tract for a park. Lincoln, 111., has appropriated $1,600 for park maintenance this year. Lewis N. Gilbert has presented to Ware, Mass., land on the shore of Snow’s pond for a park. Olmsted Brothers, Brookline, Mass., have been engaged to plan the new grounds for the Male High School, Louisville, Ky. Frank H. Nutter, landscape archi- tect of Minneapolis, recently made surveys and plans for the park at Glenwood, Minn. The Kansas City park board is to lay out bridle paths in Swope Park and Swope Parkway to connect with the down-town boulevards. The park board of Nashville, Tenn., has asked the city council to make a special levy of five cents on every $100 of taxable property for park purposes, the maximum amount al- lowed by the state law. Carey, O., has appropriated $400 for parking the waterworks grounds, and further funds are to be raised by private contributions. The new park board of Rockford, 111., has purchased an eighty-acre tract as the beginning of a park sys- tem. George D. Roper and H. W. Williams are on the board and Frank O’Brien is secretary. Bastrop, Tex., has decided to buy a 24-acre tract for a park. George E. Kessler, Kansas City, Mo., has been engaged to plan a park system for Fort Worth, Tex. THE MAKING of a MODERN LAWN CEMETERY Mount Hope, the new cemetery be- tween Joplin and Webb City, Mo., has had the advantage of starting with a thorough-going lawn plan, with every lot under perpetual care, and after only three years of development has a perpetual care fund of $10,000, and lot sales of $48,000. The lawn view illustrated, showing some of the monuments, demonstrates the care exercised in their construction. They are all of granite, as only this mate- rial and standard bronze are allowed, and the designs must be approved by the superintendent. A new water system was completed this spring at a cost of $5,200, as it was considered too expensive to get the city water from Joplin. A well was accordingly sunk in the highest point in the grounds, to a depth of 1,010 feet, to reach absolutely pure, soft water. The hole was opened ten inches at the top and six inches at the bottom. The bore first found 70 feet of yellow clay, and black shale, and then limestone soil to a depth of 980 feet, when they struck stone. After going into that 30 feet, the pure soft water was found. It rises to within 150 feet of the surface, and the working level of the pump goes down to 245 feet so that it is about 100 feet in the water. The well starts at the top with 8l4-inch pipe and goes down 428 feet, finishing with 4%-inch pipe at the bottom. The power is furnished by a ten horse- power gas and gasoline engine and a deep well pump brings the water to the 400-barrel tank in the water tower shown in one of our pictures. This building is of Spanish Mission style, as are the other service build- ings which have been illustrated in these pages, is 31 feet high, and 20 feet in diameter at the base. The brick walls are of hollow construc- tion, and the exterior is finished in stucco. The roof is of tile and the gutters of copper. The building was erected by H. F. Stange, of Joplin, and cost $2,000. The plant has a ca- pacity of 1,800 gallons an hour, and there is sufficient elevation to give good pressure anywhere on the grounds. All the improvements are paid for and the association has no debts. There have been 200 inter- ments. Two mausoleums have been erect- ed, the one illustrated being on the family lot of Charles Schifferdecker of Joplin, the vice-president of the association. It was designed by Gar- stang & Rea of Joplin, and is a com- 'a WIDE TIRE DUMP CART USED AT MOUNT HOPE. mendable effort at originality in this difficult field of architecture. There is so little of originality in the prevailing design and structure of mausoleums, that it is refreshing occasionally to see one of these struc- tures that seeks either to break away from the poorly rendered imi- tations of the classic, or to keep closer to the proportions and details of the classic temples from which comes all of our mausoleum design and a good part of our architecture. In the Schifferdecker unusually massive effects were sought by the Egyptian character of the construc- tion and decoration, and all the de- SCHIFFBRDECKER MAUSOLEUM, MOUNT HOPE -CEMETERY, WEBB CITY, MO. I A PARK AND CEMETERY. 56 r>, - ■ LAWN AND MONUMENTS IN MOUNT HOPE. tails have been studied from this st3de. It is executed in Barre granite, with interior of white Vermont mar- ble, an art glass window and polished granite floor. It has seven catacombs and cost about $20,000. The structure stands in the center of a 100-ft. circle on the highest point in the cemetery, which is also the highest point in St. Joseph county, and affords a view of miles of the surrounding country. A 20-foot drive circles the plot. Sphinxes guard the entrance and ten massive columns with Egyptian capitals form a colonnade about the building. . The vestibule is a single piece of polished red granite and the crypts are lined with Carthage stone, closed with polished granite doors, hinged with bronze. The single roof-stone is 18-Oxll-Ox 1-10, and its moving from the station to the cemetery was the biggest job the Joplin Transfer & Storage Co. ever tackled. Mount Hope is between Joplin and Webb City, 2^ miles from the station. The work was cut by Barclay Bros., of Barre, Vt., and furnished through their western representative, Chas. H. Gall, of Chicago, to the Woodlawn Granite Works, of" Kansas City, the local contractors. J. Allen Hardy, Sr., of Joplin, is president of the association; T. N. NEW WATER SUPPLY BUILDING AT MOUNT HOPE. Campbell, superintendent, and Sid J. Hare, of Kansas City, landscape ar- chitect. The grounds were laid out by Mr. Hare. SOME IMPORTANT CEMETERY LEGISLATION Abandonment of Cemeteries Frequent instances have been re- corded where old, unusued, abandoned or unsightly cemeteries have been turned into parks or put to other uses when they are obstacles to city growth, or undesirable as cemeteries in their present locations. The legal difficulties that have been encoun- tered in the taking of the land or the removal of the bodies has brought about a new law in Pennsylvania, pro- viding for such contingencies, and need has been discovered in Wash- ington, D. C., for similar legislation. When Hazelton, Pa., wanted to abandon the old cemetery on North Church street, so that the site might be devoted to some public use, such as a public library, city hall or school building, it was found necessary to secure special legislation, and Sena- tor James introduced a bill in the legislature which has just become a law. The act provides that: “When by growth of cities, towns or bor- oughs and the opening of incorpor- ated or unincorporated cemeteries in cities or boroughs or in the vicinity thereof, or from other causes, any burial ground belonging to or in charge of any religious society or church directly or through trustees thereof or in charge of no persons, church or society, has ceased to be used for interments, or has become so neglected as in the opinion of the court to become a public nuisance, or that the remains of bodies interred in any such neglected or disused cemetery interfere with and hinder the improvements, extensions and general progressive interests of any city or borough, or when the land shall be desired by the municipality or in the school district thereof for the erection thereon of any municipal school or free public library building or for any other public purposes, the court, upon petition of the managers, officers or on the petition of fifty or more citizens or residents in the vi- cinity, in case where such cemetery or graveyard is not in charge of any person, persons, church or society, or trustees of such society or church, setting forth that the erection, exten- sion, improvements and general pro- gressive interests of such city or bor- ough are hampered and interfered with and the welfare of such city or borough is injured to the detriment thereof and of the public good, or upon the petition of the municipality or school district therefore, that the said land shall be desired by said municipality or the school district for public purposes, and after three weeks of advertisement or hearing in open court may, after a full hearing of the parties, authorize and direct the re- moval of the remains of the dead from such burial grounds. “No such application, however, shall be made by the managers, offi- cers or trustees of such society or church except in pursuance of the wishes of a majorit}^ of the members of the same expressed at a meeting held for that purpose after two weeks’ public notice.” Assistant Corporation Counsel Ste- phens of Washington, D. C., has given the district commissioners a draft of a bill to be submitted to Congress, authorizing a judge of the District Supreme Court to order the 57 PARK AND CEMETERY. disinterment of bodies in abandoned cemeteries under certain conditions without the consent of the nearest relatives of the dead. The matter came before the commissioners on re- quest of Henry G. Freitag, who bought a square of property in the southeast section of the city, which he intended to use for building pur- poses. After plowing the ground he discovered that it had at one time been a cemetery, and as the present laws prevented him from removing the bodies he appealed to the com- missioners for relief. An amend- ment to the District Code was found to be necessary. It is provided that the petition for the removal of the bodies shall de- scribe the land, shall name the own- ers if the land, the next of kin of the dead as shown by the records of the health office, and that the cost of court proceedings and of the disin- terment shall be assessed on the land involved. Legislating for Perpetual Care The legislature of Pennsylvania has taken one step towards the future care of cemeteries by passing the following bill: BILL NO. 23. An Act to better provide for perpetual care and preservation of burial-grounds or cem- eteries within this commonwealth. Section 1. Bet it enacted, etc., That on and after the passage of this act, no charter or proposed charter of any burial or ceme- tery company, either of first or second class of corporations, shall be granted or ob- tained in this commonwealth; and it shall be the duty of any court of this common- wealth, or any judge thereof, or the gov- ernor of this commonwealth, to refuse to approve of such charter or proposed char- ter; unless the said charter or proposed charter shall set forth a provision, clearly and fully, that a sum equal to at least one- tenth of the gross amount of the funds arising from the sale of lots in said burial- ground or cemetery shall be set apart for the perpetual care and preservation of the grounds and property of said burial or ceme- tery company; which fund, so set apart by the directors or managers of said burial or cemetery company, shall be invested by them, in trust, for the uses and pur- poses of said trust, and the income arising therefrom to be applied by them to the pur- poses aforesaid, The directors or managers shall, in one year after the incorporation of any cemetery or burial-ground, and annually thereafter, file with the clerk of courts of the county in which said cemetery or burial- ground is situated, a bond with sufficient sureties, to be approved by the court of quarter sessions, for the faithful perform- ance of the trust herein imposed, for per- petual care and preservation of grounds and property; such bond to be in the full amount of the trust investment at the time said bond is approved, as aforeprovided. Sec, 2, All laws or parts of laws incon- sistent herewith are hereby repealed. Approved — The 18th day of March, A. D. 1909. Now let the other states do like- wise. It is up to the members of the A. A. C. S. to get their local repre- sentatives interested; and the thing will be accomplished. All reforms have to be done slowly probably in the near future, bills may be passed to compel all of the older cemeteries that are doing business to double, or so increase fees for inter- ments that an endowment fund can be started and so solve the problem of caring far neglected_ rural ceme- teries. Paxtang, Pa. Bellett Lawson. Control of Body in Connecticut A Connecticut statute provides that “the custody and control of the re- mains of deceased residents of this state is hereby granted and shall hereafter pertain to the husband or wife of the deceased; but if the sur- viving husband or wife had aband- oned, and at the time of death was living apart from the deceased, or if there be no husband or wife surviv- ing, then such custody and control is granted and shall pertain to the next of kin; but the court of probate for the district of the domicile of the de- ceased may, at any time, upon the petition of any of the kin, award such custody and control to that relative who may seem to said court most fit, for the time being, to have the same.” The question as to the meaning of the words “custody” and “control” as used in this act was presented in the case of Swits vs. Swits, 71 Atlantic Reporter, 783. It was contended that In an address delivered by Mr. F. D. Willis, superintendent of Oakland Cemetery, St. Paul, Minn., at a re- cent convention of funeral directors, he strongly advocated close and har- monious relations between the ceme- tery superintendent and the funeral director, supporting his position by explaining the many opportunities each has for mutual help to the bene- fit of all concerned — cemetery official, lot-owners and undertakers. Their interdependence he accentuated by such facts as that the client of the funeral director is also the client of the cemetery superintendent, and that differences between these parties were liable to destroy the client’s confidence in both. Mr, Willis also dwelt quite fully upon the necessity of keeping up-to-date in improve- ments and appearances, quoting from his own experiences that a well-kept cemetery was served by a well-kept undertaker’s establishment, and vice these words relate primarily to the immediate possession of a dead body prior to interment, and that, when the statutory right has once been ex- ercised, this right is exhausted. But the supreme court of errors of Con- necticut thinks that from the entire act it was apparent that its purpose w'as to avoid unseemly controversies over the remains of deceased per- sons, and that the surviving husband or wife shall generally have the cus- tody of the dead body. In this case it appeared that after the death of the defendant’s husband the relations between her and the former’s mother (the plaintiff) were of a hostile nature. No stone was erected to mark the grave of the de- ceased husband, although the body had ■ been interred for two years in the burial lot of his mother. Under the circumstances then existing the widow preferred to have her hus- band’s remains interred in a burial lot under her own control. After ob- taining the necessary statutory per- mit, she caused their removal to her own burial lot, where she had the right to be interred by the side of her husband. Under such conditions there was nothing unnatural or unreasonable, the court says, in the action of the widow, and it did not appear that she had so exercised her right as to call for the interference of a court of equity. versa, and that good business was in- volved in the proposition. Altogether the address was full of suggestions and facts indicative of what the re- lationship between the two callings should be in mutual help, and of what it is quite natural that the lot-owner should expect and receive from both. Funeral directors should take advan- tage of the state cemetery associa- tions, in which discussions and ex- periences are both interesting and useful. In many places the funeral director could make himself of in- valuable help in cemetery betterment. This whole matter is being consid- ered by those engaged in preparing the program for the next convention of the Association of American Cem- ‘^etery Superintendents, and it goes without saying that it adds immense- ly to the proceedings of both the state and national meetings to hear from other interests whose work is closely associated with the cemetery. THE CEMETERY and the UNDERTAKER A. PARK AND CEMETERY. 58 CALVARY CEMETERY, BROOKLYN, and its NEW CHAPEL The largest of the many cemeteries of Brooklyn,’ N. Y., in point of area is Greenwood, as was noted in our last issue, but Calvary, the leading Cath- olic Cemetery of Greater New York, has the largest number of interments. It was opened in 1848, belongs to the Diocese of New York, and is man- aged by the Calvary Cemetery Asso- ciation, with offices at 24 E. 52d St., Manhattan. Calvary is nearly two miles from New York City, and contains 300 acres. The grounds are systemati- cally laid out in plots, with numbered sections. One division of it is known as the “Old Calvary,” and the other as “New Calvary.” This cemetery contains about 760,000 bodies, and the interments average about 18,000 a year. Within its limits there is a space laid off and called “Free Ground,” in which the deserving poor of the diocese are buried, upon the recommendation of the Catholic clergymen. According to the rules governing this cemetery the use of wire or wood for the inclosure of plots is prohibited. For the founda- tions of monuments it is required that solid masonry be laid, sixteen inches thick and sunk to a depth of nine feet. The handsome new mortuary chap- el recently dedicated in Cavalry cost $180,000, and is said to be the only one of the kind in the United States. It has many novel features of con- struction and architecture, one of the most interesting, perhaps, being the design of the crypts along the lines of the catacombs of Rome. Here will rest the priests of the archdiocese of New York, under the charge of which the cemetery is maintained. It was in 1905 that the construction of the chapel began, and in 1908 it was completed. The design was the work of Ray- mond F. Almirall of Brooklyn, and the contract was given to the P. J. Carlin Construction Company of Brooklyn. Approximately, the build- ing cost $130,000, and the sculpture and furnishings another $50,000. In preparing the design of the chapel. Architect Almirall made a careful study of the Italian churches and the mortuary chapels in connec- tion therewith. The architecture is Romanesque, but modernized by the use of reinforced concrete. The cata- combs are directly inspired by the famous catacombs of Rome from which they were studied. The exterior is of rubble masonry walls with Indiana limestone facing. From the ground to the base of the statue that surmounts the dome is about 80 feet. The statue, that of “Christ Blessing the World,” is 10 feet high, weighs three and one-half tons, and is carved from a single block of limestone, in strong rugged lines suitable to good effects from the distant view from below. From Architect Almirall’s point of view the unusual feature of the chap- el is not the catacombs, but the method of construction of the dome. The dome is 40 feet across and the height from the floor to the lantern is 38 feet. Above that point the dome stretches 50 feet, and its weight is 360 tons. The dome and the groined vault it rests upon are of re- inforced concrete construction. The vault has eight penetrations, four large and four small, and the lining of golden yellow brick, as well as the pink Minnesota sandstone trimmings, is held in place simply by adhesion to the concrete. In order to build this dome it was necessary to build a falsework with all the accuracy of a mold, so that the brick could be laid against the forms and the concrete with its steel reinforcement poured into the molds. When the concrete had set the falsework was removed. Besides being an interesting feat in construction this great dome makes an imposing architectural crown to the structure. The building is fireproof, the roof of tiling, the floors of cement. At present but one section of the cata- combs has been completed with ac- commodations for twenty-four bodies in the concrete niches. But the crypt can be extended under ground in four directions, and at any time an addi- tion can be made for seventy-two more bodies. For a cryptal burial there is a lift set in the floor of the chapel so that a body can be placed thereon and lowered, as in an eleva- tor, to the crypt floor. The record of burials at Calvary in- dicates that the mortuary chapel will he in almost constant use, at least in the afternoons, for that is when most of the funeral corteges reach the cemetery. There is an average of seventy burials a day, and on some days the number reaches above 100 and even as high as 120. Conse- quently the edifice is so designed that the mourners can depart with the re- mains to the burial plot without in- terfering with the next cortege wait- ing in front of the chapel. Miles Tierney, President of the Hudson Trust Co., was chairman of the com- mittee in charge of the construction. The superintendent at the city offices of the cemetery is Thomas Mc- Mahon, and James J. Cunningham is superintendent at the cemetery. NEW CHAPEL OP CALVARY CEMETERY. LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y. 59 PARK AND CEMETERY. A WELL-MANAGED SMALL CITY CEMETERY In the majority of instances city- owned cemeteries are away in the background, as to both appearance and management when compared with the so-called modern cemeteries, con- ducted by private associations or cor- porations on business principles, aimed to eventually benefit lot-own- ers and stockholders. But there are city burial grounds of which good things may be said and among them Dodge Grove Cemetery, Mattoon, 111., is an object lesson for cemeter- ies of this class. In 1802 the city council of Mattoon purchased ten acres of ground for trees as maple, elm, ash and birch, and almost entirely level, but there are no scenic, lake or brook features, and the water supply comes directly from the city plant. No modern restrictions are to be observed on the sections laid out prior to 1904, but on the acquisition of the last 20 acres the cemetery or- dinances were changed so as to pro- vide modern methods, lawn plan, per- petual care, rules regulating founda- tions, monuments, and other features particularly belonging to the new or- der of things and it is working very satisfactorily. coming popular and is growing quite to the satisfaction of the managers. No lot is now sold except under its provisions, and the fund, after four years’ operation has reached $6,000 and is rapidly increasing. Ground is sold at 25 cents per square foot, fifty per cent of which goes into the per- petual care fund, and a uniform sur- face' care is given to the whole cem- etery. Four men are employed in the summer and two in the winter, and modern methods are used in conduct- ing interments and in the care of those in attendance. Sunday funerals LAWN VIKW IN DODGE GROVE CEMETERY, MATTOON. ILL. cemetery purposes and dedicated it in in the following spring; but in 1891 the lots being all sold ten acres more were added. In 1904 another twenty acres were bought, making the total area a square of 40 acres, of which, at present some 25 acres are improved. About the time of the last purchase the management thoroughly recog- nized the fact that the lawn plan of cemetery making had become an es- tablished practice in all up-to-date properties, and it was wisely conclud- ed to plat and conduct the new ad- dition under modern regulations and with the perpetual care provision. The grounds are park-like, abund- antly supplied with such standard About two miles of well construc- ted roadway have been provided with cement curbs, etc., and a system of tile drainage keeps the soil in proper condition for burial purposes. The receiving vault, with a capacity of ten bodies, is built of Blue Bedford lime- stone, with walls 12 in. thick and a heavy concrete floor, and cost $1,000. A chapel is under consideration for the near future, and besides this chap- el the further contemplated improve- ments comprise over a mile of con- crete sidewalks along the main road- w'ays, additional concrete curbing and an extension of the water main and hydrant system. The idea of perpetual care is be- while permitted are discouraged. The total burials have reached 4,751, with a present yearly average of about 160. One of the main causes of the un- satisfactory conditions of city-owned cemeteries is the indifference of the commissioners, leading to the uncer- tainty in terms of the office of the su- perintendent, upon whom so much depends. Dodge Grove is fortunate in this respect, however, for the sec- retary and superintendent, Mr. John E. Miller, has held office since 1892. Mr. Miller is secretary of the Illinois Cemetery Association, and a member of the Association of American Cem- etery Superintendents, and is a regu- lar attendant at its annual gatherings. PARK AND CEMETERY. 60 MAINTENANCE of MAUSOLEUMS The necessity of insuring good con- struction and permanency in ceme- tery structures such as mausoleums, etc., is receiving practical attention in some cemeteries. For instance, the Woodland Cemetery Association of Dayton, O., has a rule requiring that the lot holders should first de- posit with the trustees a sum equal to ten per cent of the contract price for the perpetual care of the mauso- leum proposed to be erected. This is a step in the right direction, and might be extended to all monumental works of importance. The following communications from other cemetery officials tell of similar provisions: S. P. Marsh, Pine Crest, Mobile, Ala. : “In the charter of the Pine Crest Corporation there is a provision for deposit of endowment to be ad- ministered in connection with the perpetual care fund.” A. W. Blain, Elmwood, Detroit; “We do not allow the erection of any more mausoleums in Elmwood. For several that have previously been erected provisions have been made by a $500 deposit.” Richard Lewes, Utica, N. Y. : “Lot ■owners must leave a fund sufficient in our judgment to amply care for the structure they wish to erect.” H. W. Ross, Newton Cemetery, Newton, Mass.: “All lots are sold with perpetual care of $1,000 worth of monumental work for each 300 square feet. If monumental work ex- ceeds this, a deposit of $150 for each ■$1,000 in excess of amount covered is required.” J. C. Scorgie, Mt. Auburn, Cam- bridge, Mass.: “Contracts are made for the perpetual repair of such struc- tures based on the average annual expense capitalized at 3 per cent.” J. W. Keller, Mt. Hope, Rochester, N. Y. : “A payment of not less than $1,000 into the perpetual contract fund is required before work is com- menced, and as much more as deemed necessary by the superintendent after plans and specifications have been submitted. In no case will we allow the erection of a mausoleum until these conditions have been complied with.” Frederick Green, Lake View, Cleve- land, O. ; “We sell no land except with an endowment of 50 cents per square foot, and in case of a mauso- leum we establish a repair fund, usually to the amount of one tenth • of the cost of the building, and we do it in the following manner; ‘The trustees of Lake View Cemetery As- sociation, in behalf of said association have received the sum of thirty-three hundred and sixty-two dollars from Mr. Blank, proprietor of lot No. 145 in section 10 in said cemetery as a perpetual trust fund, the yearly in- terest of which is to be expended under the direction of the trustees in such care and ornamentation of said lot as the interest on said sum will allow, provided, however. First out of the income derived from the fund hereby established there shall be set aside each year the sum of fifty dol- lars until such annual payments to- gether with the annual income de- rived from the aggregate of the same shall have produced the total sum of five thousand dollars. “ ‘Thereafter said annual payments The accompanying illustration shows the simple and inexpensive ce- ment headstones made by Frederick Kerschner, superintendent of the Shenango Valley Cemetery, Green- ville. Pa. They are made of sand, gravel and Portland cement, 4 to 1 for the body of the work. The old marble slabs on the lot of Air. J. Q. ATcPherrin had become somewhat broken and dilapidated and at the suggestion of Mr. McPherrin, the work was taken up by Air. Kerschner, with the results as shown in the pic- ture. The actual cost of this work, including foundation, setting of the marble in the concrete, and cleaning it was about 30c per cu. ft. The family monument in the fore- ground is of Barre granite. The Shenango Valley Cemetery is one of the most progressive and best kept of the smaller cemeteries in western Pennsylvania. The cemetery of fifty dollars shall cease, and said sum of five thousand dollars together with the annual income therefrom shall be invested and reinvested for the pur- pose of creating a fund to forever keep in repair the mausoleum to be erected upon the premises hereinbe- fore described. The authorities of said cemetery association shall from time to time use any portion or all of said fund to so keep in repair said mausoleum. After said five thousand dollars shall have been so established then the total annual in- come derived from said original sum of thirty-three hundred and sixty- two dollars shall be used for the care of said section aforesaid, but should said five thousand dollar repair fund at any time be wholly expended then said annual fifty dollar payments shall again become operative until said five thousand dollar fund shall be re-established.’ ” was opened in 1865, and under Mr. Kerschner many valuable improve- ments have been recently introduced. Some of the lot holders were possibly a little slow in recognizing the neces- sity and importance of some of the apparent innovations, but time and e.xperience have vindicated the wis- dom of their adoption and enforce- ment, and the affairs of the cemetery are now carefully managed. DANDELIONS AGAIN L. C., Iowa, asks: “Is the commer- cial value of dandelion roots enough to pay the expense of digging and preparing them for the market? Or would like to know some other good •cheap plan of exterminating them.” Ans. ; This subject was pretty thoroughly discussed in Park and Cemetery last February and two methods from reliable sources given. CEMENT MARKERS, CHENANGO VALLEY CEMETERY, GREENVILLE, PA. MAKING CEMENT HEADSTONES 61 PARK AND CEMETERY. THE BETTER CLASS OF CEMETERY MONUMENTS ANOTHER REPLICA OF TOMB OP SCIPIO, PORTLAND, ORE. On the cover of Park and Cemetery for April, 1908, was illustrated a picture of the Henry C. Payne monument in Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee, which was then believed to be the only exact copy of the famous tomb of the Scipios, erected in this country. William P. Mackenzie, an official of Riverview Cemetery, Portland, Ore., sends the accom- panying picture of the Henry Failing memorial in that ceme- tery, which he believes to be another exact reproduction of the great Roman tomb. As will b^ seen by comparing the pictures of the two memorials, they seem tp be identical in design, and both must be classed as very accurate copies of the original. Mr. Failing was one of the founders of River- view Cemetery, and was its treasurer when he died in 1898. The monument was erected by his daughters in 1900. The monument is of blue Westerly granite, 7-4 x 12-3 at the base, and cost $6,000. The Van Amringe Granite Co., Boston, Mass., were the contractors for the work. The Bachman monument shown in one of our illustra- tions is a classic design of good proportion executed by Edward C. Kreutzer, of Wheeling, W. Va., and stands in Greenwood Cemetery, in that city. It is of light Barre granite, all fine hammered, size 9-0x4-10x6-0. The Forrest exedra, shown in our picture above, is an impressive architectural memorial more elaborate than usually seen on a cemetery lot. It stands in Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, and was erected by Thomas Stani- land & Co., of Dayton, O., who have a large number of fine memorials in Ohio to their credit. Under the canopy is the bronze figure of a woman with palm branch in her hand, bowed before a casket. The Furman memorial erected by the Harrison Granite Co., of New York, in Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Tenn., is a very unusual and elaborate private monument. The designer, W. L. Cottrell, of New York, took his in- spiration from the south porch of the Erectheion at Ath- ens, the famous “Portico of the Maidens.” As his struc- ture stands free, and is not backed up against a wall as in the ancient Ionic monument, it was necessary to modify the original arrangement of the caryatides which were modeled by John Galert, the New York sculptor, and true to their original Grecian purpose, actually carry the surrounding entablatures instead of being purely orna- mental as in many of their modern adaptations. The fig- ures display good modeling as well as that architectural stability necessary to these sculptured burden bearers. The die is a study from the well known tomb of Scipio. This stone weighs 94,500 pounds. The structure is of Barre granite and cost $25,000. It is 21-10x12-2 at the base and the caryatides are seven feet high. FLRMAN MEMORIAL, NASHVILLE, TENN. \V. L. COTTRELL, ARCH.; JOHN GELERT. SC. BACHMANN MONUMENT, WHEELING, W. VA. r A RK AND C EM ET ER Y. 68 MEMORIAL FREAKS AND SCULPTURED FEATS ANCIENT STONE WITH CRYPTOGRAM RECENTLY SOLVED. A Cipher Inscription Solved For more than a hundred years a mysterious cryptograph inscription on a stone in the old Trinity church cem- etery in New York City, remain an un- solved puzzle. An ingenious student of cryptograms has recently solved the cipher by the method described in Ed- gar Allan Poe’s story “The Gold Bug.” Above the inscription proper are some masonic emblems and this line of strange characters, curved around the top of the stone. n0Laii.LiEin3ajjn As E is the letter which most fre- quently occurs in the English language it was fairly certain that the second, fourth, seventh and tenth characters oc- curring in the cryptogram represented the letter E. Since all of the characters were variations of the square which represents E, it followed that if the square could be split up into proper combinations the necessary and cor- rect letters would be obtained. With this idea in mind, the cipher character for E was placed in a square and the natural variations built up around it. This formed every variation possible. It was at once apparent that the cen- tre square, which represented E, was the fifth combination, so what more natural than to place the other letters in the other combinations (or varia- tions). You have now the letters A to I, inclusive. Taking from the cryptographic in- scription what letters seem already pretty certain, we have : “_E— E— B E— D EA— H .” The association of the tombstone with the cipher at once made the word “Death” apparent out of “Dea — h.” That left but four letters to be found. A glance at the cryptogram showed that of the four characters, two were identical, as also were the other two. Only two letters now had to be found. As some of the characters contain one dot in the' centre, others two dots and one (that character which repre- sents T), no dot, it seemed plausible that several sets of combinations of squares had been employed thus : 'I ft B C K L. M r\ u v p B A A/ a p w X r H ' . K ■s z This the amateur cryptographer QUAINT REVOLUTIONARY STONE. North Clarendon, Vt. tried, omitting the J because at the time the tombstone was cut the letter I was used in its place. The first combination he observed employed the single dot in the centre and the third combination no dot. Ob- viously it was the second combination in which two dots were used. He tried it and found it correct, for it gave him the complete sentence “Remember Death.” The tombstone faces Broadway, and stands just a little south of the great brownstone monument erected to the memory of the patriots who died in prison in New York during the Revo- lutionary War. It originally stood four feet above the ground, but has sunk so that only a little more than two feet of it now shows. Why that grim warning should have been placed in cipher on Mr. Leeson’s tombstone is far more of a problem than the cryptogram itself. Quaint Revolutionary Monument In North Clarendon, 'Vt., on what was once called the Strong Farm, is a grave marked with an ancient head- stone which bears this quaint little statue of Col. Joseph Waite, a Revolu- tionary hero. On the little pedestal on which the Colonel stands is this senti- ment appropriate to his attitude with upraised sword: “Our common country “Claims Our Aid; “Living or dying “I will defend her.” There is also cut on the stone a brief history of the veteran of the Indian and revolutionary wars and hero of Ticonderoga. Sculptured Trophy for Flying Machines A “tour de force” in sculptural bal- ance and grouping is this representa- tion of a flying machine in action which was awarded the first prize in the sculptural competition for the Michelin trophy for flying machines re- cently held in France. The work is called “Triumph of Aviation,” and was modeled by Roussel. The Michelin Cup, under the rules of the Aero club de France, belongs now to Wilbur Wright, and his record of the 24th of last September will probably not be broken before December 31st; on those conditions Wilbur Wright and the American Aero Club would receive the first replica of the trophy. FRENCH SCULPTOR’S AIR SHIP TROPHY FOR WILBUR WRIGHT. 63 PARK AND CEMETERY. DAPHNE CNEORUM IN SWAN POINT CEMETERY One of the most pleasurable sur- prises in going through the grounds of the Swan Point Cemetery in Provi- dence, R. I., is the sight of the masses of that beautiful plant, Daphne cneor- um. At flowering time in the spring great clusters and borders of it stretch out on every side; it is not dotted about in single plants, but the sweet scented flowers fairly carpet the places where they grow. To see it in this profusion one would be almost inclined to think that it was the com- monest of plants, and the easiest to grow and propagate. But a prospec- tive purchaser on referring to the price lists of the nurseries will find that this plant is quoted at an almost prohibitive price. There are some places that it will not grow at all, and again other places where it just ex- ists and makes a poor pretense at flowering, but the situations where it is found as abundantly as in Swan Point, are few indeed. To the authorities it is a matter of surprise to hear the exclamations of surprise of the visitors at the sight of the plant and its wealth of bloom. They have no difficulty in propagating it and do not regard it as exception- ally difficult plant to grow. To visit the grounds in the spring when the Daphne is in bloom; to behold the masses of flowers and to enjoy its most delicate of odors, is a treat not soon to be forgotten by those fortu- nate enough to enjoy it. Luke J. Doogue. ENONYMUS RADICANS RUNNING OVER THE ROCK AND DAPHNE CNEORUM ALL AROUND IT. SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR AN IDEAL CEMETERY I wish that it were my privilege to lay out a cemetery! A cemetery that would be different from any of the cemeteries of the average town in America. One that would be a spot of peaceful picturesque loveliness, not a place of inartistic, unrefined lone- liness. The task would not be a diffi- cult one, the cost would be far less, and the effect wonderful! I should select a place near water, if possible; a good roomy place, leav- ing every knoll and hill, not leveling one, for natural effect lends to the tranquility of the whole. I -would en- close this place with protecting white poplars. Did you ever notice how beautiful white poplars are? Straight white trunks with silver tremulous leaves that sound in the wind like falling water — serene, quiet and rest- ful. Here and there I would plant clumps of smaller poplars, silver birch, with its beautiful bark, and weeping willow with its peaceful sweep. The Evergreen and Cedar hedge which apeak of tears would be put in their proper places, but en- closing no lots. There would be flower beds everywhere, with every kind and color of flower, but each bed would be harmonious and beautiful, and on the graves there would be no heaping of contrivances in wax or steel — artificial imitations of unheard of vegetation. Wild flowers and ferns would abound, and in the water and along its edge. Iris, Water-lilies and various other beautiful water plants would be coaxed to grow. Shrubs, that would brighten the fall and winter with red and white berries, would find their -way in my cemetery, and the Ivy would predominate. The lots in my cemetery would be laid out as they are now, according to size and price, and every lot would be marked off with tiny markers of stone, much the same as we find in the present grave-yard. The most objectionable things of our burial grounds of today, to my idea, are the tombstones! There is a grand array of every size, kind and color, some stacked up in ugly shapes, pinched in on tiny lots, others looming up in some sparkling marble with majestic air, as if they were shouting their worth down to the timid little marker below on the poor woman’s lot. In my cemetery, there would be no tombstones like this. In their places would be plain little slabs of marble or stone, uniform for every grave. These would all lie perfectly flat, sunk into the grave instead of stand- ing upright like ghostly sentinels. Each tablet would bear simply the name, date of birth and death, and for those who desired it, a verse or line of Scripture — but no carving or relief. The tablets would all be of one quality and one price, the latter being of much less than the cheapest ugly monument that we can purchase today. There would be fewer heart- aches in the world if this plan were carried out, for then the wealthy merchant’s lot would lie next to the poor wido-w’s, with nothing to dis- tinguish it from hers but the name on the marker. All men “are born equal’’ and let them be equal again when they die. I would leave all vaults, mauso- leums and sarcophogi out of my cemetery. Instead of great monu- ments erected on lots for individuals, let the person with the purse of For- tunatus put in their places, but on the paths and clear places, artistic works by noted sculptors that mean cheer, strength, hope and life to the bereaved who look upon them. On these, unpretentious inscriptions of “In Memoriam’’ might be placed. The disproportioned iron fences around each lot and the vacant iron chair -w'hich fairly shouts of loneli- ness would be taken away and sold at the foundry as old iron. The frightful vases of iron, usually paint- PARK AND CEMETERY. 64 ed black or dark green, should suffer the same fate, and be replaced by a few artistic stone ones that would be in harmony with their surroundings. Some philanthropic person would un- doubtedly take pleasure in erecting a fountain in memory of the City’s dead, and the City could provide for proper paths and roads through the grounds. Jill Menkey. [The writer of the above is to be warmly commended for her effort in the cause of the rural cemetery; nevertheless her ideas suggest the ab- solute necessity of consulting the landscape gardener, in order to de- cide upon the proper planting ma- terial and the most attractive and useful manner of disposing of it. To explain a few reasons for this criti- cism: It would not be desirable to have too many trees of one kind, and moreover the white poplar is a short lived tree, as are all the poplars in certain degrees. The checker-board plan of most country cemeteries does not lend itself comfortably to the modern lawn plan, and there would be tedious monotony in the entire absence of monuments and markers in spite of the grass plats, unless an adept in landscape art should design the decorative planting. Tablets as suggested would be an- other monotonous feature that even the numerous flower beds, which would be unsightly spots the greater part of the year, would utterly fail to relieve. The improvement of the country cemetery is one of the cry- ing questions of the day, and the above pointers are offered as an en- couragement to all contemplating a movement toward better conditions in the burial grounds, which are now demanded of every self-respecting community. But to make a begin- ning upon which to build in order to secure anything like satisfactory re- sults, anyone undertaking to improve rural cemeteries must first become reasonably familiar with what has been done in this direction, and then should have a knowledge of plants and their arrangements, as well as some idea of the principles of land- scape gardening. To enthuse the lot owners and others in the work will also help the cause. — Ed.] FIRST AUTO FUNERALS The first two funerals to be con- ducted with automobile hearses and motor cars for mourners recently took place in Chicago. H. D. Lud- low, 659 E. 47th St., had the first -auto-hearse and funeral on January 15, 1909, and is using nothing else ever since, unless he is requested. Mr. Ludlow is affiliated with the Coey Auto Livery Co., who can furnish him with as many limousines as he ever will use in any funeral. He claims to make the same charges as for horse-drawn vehicles, saving one- half the time; thereby eliminating the roadhouse with the disagreeable sur- roundings of the saloon, as drivers have to stop to feed the teams as well R if AKE sure of clean roadways by one application of the or- iginal weed extermin- ator, “HERBICIDE” Will not injure or dis- color iron, steel or marble. Does the work effectively and lastingly. Will not only e.xterminate all weeds, but will keep them away for at least twm years. Simplicity itself to use. Mix with water and apply. Its cost is as reasonable as its effects are sure. The experiences of those who have used it are proof positive. Mr. F. A. Barnes, Supt. Hope Cemetery, Worcester, Mass., writes, '''■I bought a cask of "HERB- ICIDE" last Fall^ but did not use it mitil last week. It is the slickest thiiig for killing weeds I ever saw. I was so zvell pleased xuith it that I tvant you to send ine two casks of your "HERBICIDE" as soon as possible. I shall not be content until I have used it on all niy avenues and walks It will please you just as well. Order from or write for particulars to, Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIEB, Patentees &. M'f'rs, Thorntown, Ind. 65 hark and cemetery. as to get dinner when they are sev- eral hours on the road each way. The second auto funeral was con- ducted by F. F. Roberts, 636 Wells St., Chicago. The interment was at Mount Rose Cemetery eleven miles out of the city, and was reached in one hour’s time. Since the first funeral Mr. Roberts has averaged two funerals a day, and the fact that the out-of-the-way ceme- teries and those beyond the city lim- its can be reached in one-half to one- third of the time taken by horse- drawn vehicles has brought the auto- mobile funeral into favor with all classes, not because of the novelty, but through its time-saving phases. Our illustration, for which we are indebted to the Sunnyside, shows one of Mr. Roberts’ funerals in motion. FROM the ANNUAL REPORTS In the annual report of officers of Hingham Cemetery, Hingham, Mass., the receipts under the general account were $3,235, and $536 was added to the perpetual care trust fund, which now amounts to $12,336. There were 36 interments. George E. Siders is superintendent. At the annual meeting of the Har- mony Grove Cemetery, Salem, Mass., it was reported that the endowment funds were increased during the year by $6,479.84; the principal of these funds is now $153,946.65. A small plot of additional ground has been graded, and extensive repairs made on the greenhouses and the fence; $950 was expended in moth extermination; there were 112 interments. The Dunmore Cemetery Associa- tion, Dunmore, Pa., reports that the receiving vault has been rebuilt anc enlarged. It is of gray granite, wdth a domed roof and heavy fluted col- umns at the entrance. The room with its domed ceiling is lighted by a large art glass window. On either side of this is a panel of bronze on which is a w'reathed figure. Beneath the window is a granite seat and the granite floor is covered by a rug. The Harrison Granite Co., of New York, were the contractors for this work. The total receipts for the year were $85,817 and the expenditures $38,870. At the annual meeting of the trust- tees of Ottumwa Cemetery Associa- tion, Ottumwa, la., Leroy Christie was elected secretary and treasurer for another year. Receipts for the year were, $6,000; disbursements, $3,700; added to perpetual care fund, $1,600; making a total of $4,000 in that fund; 189 interments were made. -a.- CmETERY NOTES John Hutchinson, a farmer, Chehalis, Washington, came into pos- session several years ago of a farm, in one corner of which a private bur- ial ground containing forty bodies had been located. After Mr. Hutch- inson became owner he refused to longer permit burials. Last fall, ap- parently acting under the impression that abandoment had been estab- lished, Mr. Hutchinson removed the tombstones from his land and placed them in the cemetery lot which has since been the burying ground of the neighborhood. He cleaned up the site of the old graveyard and had the land plowed preliminary to raising a crop. The relatives of those bur- ied have asked for an injunction to prevent further desecration of the graveyard and to require Mr. Hutch- inson to replace the stones and other- wise repair the damage which it is claimed he has caused. NEW YORK CITY SEPT. 14, 15 and 16 Plans are a-making for a great convention of the A. A. C. S. in New York, and cemetery men may expect some news next month of the good things to come. The New York cemetery matterwe have been publishing for several months has shown that there is nowhere more interesting field study in cemetery management than in the Metropolis, and every member and cemetery official who can get there should make plans now to be on hand. In the meanwhile, mark the dates. NEW YORK CITY SEPT. 14, 15 and 16 In our last issue in reporting the status of automobiles in cemeteries. West Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, was listed among those admitting only lot owners in automobile. Mr. A. L. Smith, treasurer of West Laurel Hill writes that this is an error, and we quote as follows from his letter: “All automobiles are admitted to West Laurel Hill, and no speed limit is near enforced, other than the speed limit of the state. We have found no reason to feel that the liberality of the company in allowing all automo- biles to enter has been abused nor have any accidents occurred or criti- cism been made by our lot holders. Conditions vary, however, so much in the different localities that one dis- trict is not a criterion for another.” * * * Harry G. Beetem and John W. Wetzel , of Carlisle, Pa., recently brought suit against Addison Wolf, of Carlisle, to recover possession of a lot in the old graveyard extension in that borough. In this lot are in- terred Wolf’s wife, who died recent- ly, and five small children. Possibly 13 years ago the defendant purchased a lot fflr $15, but a mistake was made and the bodies were interred on a more expensive lot, valued at $25. On this Wolf paid the first purchase money of $5, and it is alleged he made no further payments since. * * Because drivers of horse vehicles have been careless and productive of expensive damage in the West Side Cemetery, Rockford, Ilk, on previous Memorial days, the board has almost made up its mind to exclude vehicles from the grounds on Memorial day. Cedar Bluff cemetery in the same city has maintained this rule for sev- eral years, but the West Side Cem- etery has been open to horses and vehicles then as at other times. * * * The Longmont Cemetery Associa- tion, I^ongmont, Col., are trjnng to se- lect a good name for their cemetery. To help settle this question it has been decided to place a box in the cemetery, where the visitor will find cards and pencil, and every one is in- vited to suggest a suitable name. Here is a chance for some one to get famous by selecting a really original and appropriate name. Woodlawm, Calvary, Greenwood, Riverside, etc., etc., are barred. * * The cemetery area of Manhattan, New York City, is 25 acres; of the borough of Queens, 2,208. The differ- ence represents the grievance which ( Continued on vo.ge IX) PARK AND CEMETERY. 66 HAMMOND STREET. NEWTON, MASS., CONSTRUCTED WITH TARVIA X more Barrett Manufacturing Company Philadelphia Pittsburg- Chicago Minneapolis New York Cincinnati Boston St. Louis Cleveland ^ 1 Kansas City New Orleans London, Eng. ^ 67 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and ref-rred to by abbre- viations, thus: S. L. 8:67-8, Feb. 09. means: Suburban Life, vol. 8 pages 67 8, Fehiuaiy, 1909. Single copies s lould he ordrred direct fro n the o ihlicatio is t idrl ••esses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED American Botanist, Joiiet, 111. (A. B.). 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. Amerioan Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G. ), $3.00 year; 25o copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montre.al (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. PI.), $2.00 year; 20o copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America. New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25o. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.50 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. ChautaucLuan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; lOc copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange, New York City (F, E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5o. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 year; 5o copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia,, Pa. (For. Ij.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M.), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt, Germany (German), G'. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.00 year; single copv. lOo. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 5c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and Garden. Philadelphia (H. G.). $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche G'aertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c cor'^ Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, lOc. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), $1.00 year; sin.gle copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French, $4.60 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New York (Sci. Am.), $3.0.0 year; 10c copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Woodland and Roadside. Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, 10c. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds Bitumenized Alacadam Pavements, Experiments on, M. E. 36 :358-61. June. City Parks, How to Alake Them More Useful to the People, by H. Kube, Illust, G. K. (German) 11:79-85. May 1. Concrete Roadways, by C. W. Ross. Illust. G. R. M. 10;141-6. May. Future Roads — The Wearing Surface, by P. W. Henry. G. R. M. 10: 149-51. May. Illinois Experimental Macadam Roads. Illust. G. R. M. 10:158-61. May. Lincoln Park, Chicago, in May. Illust. A. F. 32:901-2. May 26. Alacadam Roads, Making Them With- out Steam Roller, by A. N. John- son. M. E. 36:355-8. June. Mountain Parks of Massachusetts. W. R. 8:23-5. June. Playgrounds, Relation of to Other Social Movements, by H. S. Curtis. Sur. 22:251-3. May 15. Road Experiments in Massachusetts. Illust. G. R. M. 10:152-3. May. Tar for Alacadam Roads from Small Gas Works, by A. D. Taylor. M. E. 36 :370-2. June. Transplanting Large Trees, by J. Heiler. Illust. G. K. 11:86-9. May 1. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds .•\nnuals. Best Twenty for the Flower Garden. Illust. A. H. G. 6:212. May. Converting Back Yards into Gar- dens, by M. R. Cranston. Illust. Cr. 16 :70-9. April. City Plan Exhibition, The, by C. M. Robinson. Sur. 22:313-18. May 29. English Primroses for American City Gardens, by H. C. Anderson. Illust. G, M. 9:284-5. June. Home Garden, Plea for, by V. Gar- land. Overland Monthly. 53:249-50. Alch., ’09. Lawn Tools You Really Need, by J. L. Kayan. Illust. G. M. 9 :285-8. June. Rebuilding of Our Cities, by C. R. Woodruff. World To-day. 16:493- 500. May, ’09. Sculptural Portrayal of Maeterlinck’s “The Blind,” by Lorado Taft. Illust. Chaut. 54:442-5. May. Tag Day; is it Worth While, by A. W. Towne. Sur. 22:254-6. May 15. Town Planning. Independent. 66: 872-4. Apr. 22. Gardens and Landscape Gardening English Effects with Alpine Flow- ers, by W. Miller. Illust. G. M. 9:289-92. June. Hardy Perennials and their Use, by R. Cameron (Cont.) Hort. 9:731-3. May 22. International Exhibit of Garden Art in Berlin. Illust. M. D. G. (Ger- man) 24:205-13 and 217:27. May 1 and 8. G. K. (German) 11:89-94. May 1. Iris Garden, Making of an, by S. Howe. Illust. A. H. G. 6 :140-1. April. Lawns and Gardens, Proper Consid- eration of, by C. A. Byers. Illust. ]6:107-11. April. Pacific Exposition, Landscape Feat- ures. Illust. A. F. 32 :901-2. May 26. Santa Barbara Gardens, by S. Child. Illust. H. B. 113-6. April. Summer Bedding, by E. J. Canning. Illust. C. L. A. 16:116. May. Trees and Shrubs for the Waterside. Illust. A. F. 32:822-3. May 15. Water, Use of in a Little Garden. Illust. Cr. 16:112-3. April. Water Garden, The, by P. Bisset. F. R. 24:11-12. May 27. Water Gardens; What England Can teach us about them, by W. Miller. C. L. A. 16:39-42. May. Winter Color in the Garden, by A. E. Thatcher. Hort. 9:727. May 22. Wild Garden, by A. P. Hitchcock. Illust. C. L. A. 16:60. May. Trees, Shrubs and Plants Evergreens, Coniferous, by H. F. Torrey. Illust. G. C. A 9:42-3. May. Arsenical Spraying; Is it Dangerous? W. R. 8:21-3. June. Brown Tail Moth, Worst Flying Pest of Trees, by L. J. Doogue. Illust. G. M. 9 : 283. June. Calaveras Nat. Forest, Creation of. Science. 29:452-4. March. Electricity — Does it Kill Trees, by L. J. Doogue. Illust. F. E. 27 :756. May 15. Ferns, Rare forms of. Illust. F. B. 17:45-8. April. Gypsy Moth, a Serious Shade Tree Menace, by L. J. Doogue. Illust. G. M. 9:282. June. Massachusetts State Forester, Work of. W. R. 8:19-21. June. May Flowering Trees and Shrubs, by John Dunbar. A. F. 32:872-3. May 22. Nephrodium Hybrids, Notes on, by E. J. Winslow. F. B. 17:33-8, Apr., ’09. Perennials, Desirable Hardy. F. R. 32:19-20. May 20. “ Plant Development, by C. H. Allen. A. F. 32:857-8. May 22. Rhododendrons, Hardy, in Pflugens- borg Parks, by F. Buhr. Illust. SrAMDRRD Asphalt Hoad Oil Emulsifying Hoad Oil Macadam Asphalt Binder Experience and experiment have demonstrated that asphalt or oil with an asphaltum base are the only substances successfully applied to roads to insure permanency of dust relief and to maintain the roads in perfect condition. In our tnree preparations we offer products that are suitable for road construction or road maintenance. Adapted for all conditions of roads and for u$e in all localities. Our free book {facsimile shown) treats of each of these three products at length, explaining the uses for which they are particularly prepared, .and furnishing information which will be found invaluable to Supervisors, Road Commissioners, State, County and Municipal authorities, and to owners of private estates. A copy will be mailed free on request. Asphalt Road Oil is an asphalt-bearing oil and is intended for use on well-made roads as they are. One application, if properly applied, suffices for a season. n l*r* "O is a lighter asphalt-bearing oil so prepared that it will r Tnil I Cl llTlTlfl ivOd.Q wli emulsify with water. It serves as a dust preventive, a requires frequent application, and is used only on side roads where traffic is light — on private grounds or parks. Tlif -1 n is a heavy product, almost solid asphaltum, lUdCHudin /\oPn3.il DlnGcr used in constructing macadam and an other roads where asphaltic material is required. Kansas City, Kan. These products can be procured at STANDARD OIL COMPANY, Road Oil Dept., 26 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 115 Adams St., Chicago, 111. VI PARK AND CEMETERY. The ^Tapitol” Lawn Trimmer & Edger Costs a little more than its imitators because it is worth it The “CAPITOL” is by far the cheapest machine made in the long run if you want the best in material, construction and service that money can boy. In our years of satisfactory dealing with the best Park and Cemetery Assn’s., we have found out their requirements, and that they are not looking for trouble and expense. We know of three of the best imi- tations of the Capitol being re- turned in one day as they were too light and poorly con- structed to stand the test. The small wheel in front of the cyl- inder of some trimmers levels the grass just where it should cut it — in fact there are plenty of good reasons why people who know, continue to buy the CAPITOL, thereby getting the BEST — the machine which has stood the test of years — not a cheap experiment. The “Secrest Vertical” Lawn Edger is a new machine we thor- oughly recommend for cut- ting the over-hanging and clinging grass from borders, walk edges, etc., and you can regulate the depth of cut at pleasure. We know you will be surprised to see how the patent steel finger guard picks up the clinging grass — also what a great labor saving tool it is. We will send you a trial machine upon request. That’s fair isn’t it ? Ask for Catalog and Special Prices to Parks and Cemeteries The Granite State Mowing Machine Company, Hinsdale, N.H. PARK AND CEMETERY. VII M. D. G. (German) 2:241-4. May 22. Rose Growers, Problems of, by L. C. Corbett. A. F. 32:851-2. May 22. Roses and Rose Houses, by W. G. Badgley. F. E. 27:753. May 15. Spleenwort, The Dwarf, by W. N. Clute. F. B. 17:48-50. April. Sweet Pea, the Modern,, by W. T. Hutchins. Illust. A. F. 32:848-9. May 22. BOOKS, REPORTS, ETC. “Official Inspections of Fertilizers,” the annual work of the Maine Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me., contains analyses of all licensed brands in that state. By-laws and rules of Fishkill Rural Cemetery, Fishkill, N. Y. Cedar Bluff Cemetery, Rockford, 111.; illustrated book of rules. PERSONAL B. Van der Schut, a local florist, has been appointed superintendent of parks at Ogden, Utah. F. M. Carr succeeds the late Charles A. Stiles as superintendent of Forest Dale Cemetery, Malden, Mass. Mr. Carr was foreman in the ceme- tery for several years. PUBLISHER’S NOTES “Modern Civic Art,” by Charles Alulford Robinson, the standard work in its field, is now passing through its third revised edition, and “The Improvement of Towns and Cities,” by the same author, is in its sixth printing. Both are published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. Jacob H. Prost, city forester of Chicago, has begun taking a tree cen- sus of the city. Recently the city council passed a tree regulation ordi- nance by the terms of which no tree or shrub can be set out in any street until its variety has been approved, its situation designated and a free permit for its planting issued by the city forester. Another duty of this official is “to advise, without charge, owners and occupants of lots regard- Booklet, ''The Landscape Beautiful/' mailed free For Results in Cemetery or Park Work write H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect and Engineer Rockford, III. Is Your Cemetery Satisfactory? Are you caring for it economically? Is green grass the leading feature with shrubbery to give a proper set- ting to the monuments? IF NOT, then you need Howard EvartsWeed, Landscape Architect, 1715 Railway Exchange, Chicago, to modernize things for you. “The lot owners won t let us you say? If so, you have gone at it in the wrong way. You need Weed to give his stereopticon lecture — “Mote Beautiful Cemeteries” — in your town to point out the right way. By means of the stereopticon pictures the difference between the good and bad, between the graveyard and the mod- ern park cemetery is vividly shown. You are wasting your efforts in caring for the cemetery under present conditions. Get out of the rut. Wake up, even if you do have charge of dead people. Write Wceif today and he will send you some interesting literature. FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Designs or full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. BRIDGES Standard designs for reinforced concrete high- way bridges under 50 foot span. References and terms on request. WILBUR J. WATSON Mem. Am. 8oc. C. E. Expert Bridge Engineer Citizens Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio SID. J. HARE landscape ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY, MO. 3224 Campbell Street The Improvement of Towns and Cities By Charles Mulford Robinson A comprehensive and practical handbook on Civic Improvement by the leading authority in Amer- ica. "Invaluable forcityand town officials; it should be in the hands of every mayor, city engineer, park superintendent and even councilman.” — Municipal Journal and Engineer. Price, postpaid, Si .33 PARK AND CEMETERY 324 Dearborn 3t., Chica^Io F*lantlng Contracts We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants in America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty. We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and Park Organizations are invited to correspond relative to either Planning or Plant- ing, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NURSERY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City, Minn. 1200 Acres I Order I Your I Supplies From dealers who ^ advertise in : : : ^ PARK and CEMETERY I And always mention the ^ Paper when you write. ^ 1,000 GEMETEIilES: are using our method of keeping their records of Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circulars sent on request. R. J. Haight, Pablisher, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago viri PARK AND CEMETERY. Barbee Wire and Iron Works ManufacttifCfs of Steel Fences, Arches and Gates Many styles of Iron Settees, Chairs, Etc. Large variety of Wire Settees and Chairs. Over fifty different patterns and sizes of Vases, Cemetery Lot Fences, Grave Guards, Tree Guards, Hitch- ing Posts, Lavs^n Rollers, Fountains, Summer Houses. A general line of Plain and Orna- mental Wire and Iron Work. No. B450^— Wire Arm Chair No. B202— Tulip Bouquet Holder No. B 870 Arch The above illustration represents our No. B 870 wrousht steel Arch with our No. B 75 Drive Gate and No. B238 Ornamental Walk Gate Posts. It also represents three styles of fences, “C” “D" and “K”. It also shows two methods of finishing fences next to arches. Any of our various styles of gates can be used in these arches. Parties desiring to investigate the cost of this style of work with a view of purchasing will please correspond with us, giving as near as possible the measurements, arrangements of gates, etc. Approximate prices can be given without accurate measurements. We have many other styles of archways. Wrought steel arches are much more durable, have a nicer appearance and are less expensive than the old style, clumsy CAST IRON ARCHES BARBEE WIRE AND IRON WORKS, 44 and 46 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. The most extensive manufacturers of low price, but high grade mechanically and honestly constructed steel fence In the United States. Catalog giving full Informa- tion as to every detail of material and construction sent on application. You do ndt have to buy of us “Unsight and Unseen.” Send for our New Fence Catalog N0.B66 PARK AND CEMETERY. IX ing the kind of trees, plants and shrubbery and the method of plant- ing best adapted to or most desirable on particular streets.” TRADE PUBLICATIONS The Barrett Mfg. Co., Boston: Valuable book descriptive of Tarvia and it uses as a road material, that is profusely illustrated and handsomely printed. The Rustic Man, Charlevoix, Mich. : Book of fine photographic illustra- tions of some unusual specimens of rustic work. “Opportunity,” pocket size catalog of the Cotta Nursery, Rockford, 111. Wholesale Price List of Peonies, from J. F. Rosenfield, West Point, Neb. OBITUARY Captain Peter Barkey, a leading citizen of St. Paul, and for forty years a trustee of Oakland Cemetery, died April 16. Mr. Barkey was for- merly president of the St. Paul Na- tional bank, organizer of the St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co., and one of the city’s financial powers. Henry P. Upham, vice-president and treasurer of the same cemetery and for 24 years a trustee, died May 1. He was president of the First National Bank and a leader in finance and philanthropy in St. Paul. Large Stock of Choice Kosters Blue Spruce Intending purchasers will do well to inspect our stock before ordering else- where. Ranging in size from 2 ft. to 7 ft. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J. HEARTLEY’S MOLE TRAP PROTECT your LAWN and PLANTS by using- HEARTLEY’S HOLD- FAST MOLE TRAP. “It Excells Them AH” A trial order will convince you. Write for Prices. GEO. W. HEAOTLEY 902 Summit St., TOLEDO. - - OHIO. YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding CEMETERY NOTES {Concluded fro7n page 65) Queens people are citing in urging the passage of a bill in the legislature to restrict cemetery area in the bor- ough. The Bronx is blessed with 4,- 117 acres of parks and parkways; Queens has but 1,043 acres of parks, and very few of them developed. * * * The citizens of Teaneck township, N. J., who fought against the loca- tion of a burial ground in their mu- nicipality by the Gates of Hope Cem- etery Company, have induced the state board of health by a unani- mous vote to uphold the action of the township committee and the lo- cal board of health and refuse the ap- plication for a cemetery grant. * * * The New York City Building Trades’ Council has refused to admit the Grave Diggers’ Union, on the ground that grave-diggers are not builders. The contention was made that they might come under the head of “excavators,” but the council de- cided this was merely a technicality and dismissed it. ARTISTIC Harrison Granite Co. Granite Works BARRE.VT. Main Office 44 E. 23d St. « New York Lartuill Mausoleum, Wooster, O. Erected by Harrison Granite Co. MEMORIALS IN GRANITE AND Special Designs Sub- mitted for Receiving Vaults. Memorial Chapels, Mausoleums, Sarcophagi and Pub- lic and Private Monu- ments to be erected in any part of the United States. BRONZE FOR CEMETERIES AND PARKS X PARK AND CEMETERY. Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER BUFFALO Pins An Entirely Perfected and Practical Steam Roller Write for catalog, showing complete line, including Macadam rollers, Scarifiers, etc. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co, - Buffalo, N. Y. Eastern Offices : 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City No other device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. Write The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts., Cleveland, Ohio PARK AND CEMETERY. XI CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS Union Hill Cemetery, Kennett Square, near Chester, Pa., is to add several acres. Union Cemetery and the Catholic Cemetery, Steubenville, O., are te- ceiving substantial incomes from oil which has been found on their properties. Union Cemetery, Crawfordsville, Ind., will enlarge and fence the grounds. West Brookfield Cemetery, Brook- field, Mass., has appropriated $800 to build a new receiving vault. Riverview Cemetery, Martin’s Ferry, W. Va., has added new ground and let the contract for grad- ing it. The city council of Salem, Mass., has appropriated $3,000 to lay out a new section in Greenlawn Cemetery. The Ladies’ Social Gathering of Iowa Falls, la., which owns Union Cemetery, is to spend several thous- and dollars in improving it this sum- mer. Greenwood Cemetery, a forty-acre tract at Nashville, Tenn., used exclu- sively for negroes, is said to be im- proved and cared for on modern lines. Rev. Preston Taylor, a colored minister and undertaker, is president of the association. Hardwick Cemetery, Gilbertville, Mass., is improving a new addition. Superintendent William Salway, of Spring Grove, Cincinnati, has l^een engaged to improve the new cemetery at the Masonic Home grounds, Springfield, O. Riverside Cemetery, Marinette, Wis., will spend $3,000 in improve- ments this season. Owing to vandalism in stealing flowers. Mount Peace Cemetery, Philadelphia, recently passed a rule requiring all persons except lot own- ers to obtain a permit to work on lots, and pay a fee of one dollar. The new rule caused some dissatisfaction among lot owners. Union Cemetery, Stratford, Conn., has appointed the following commit- tee to erect a new entrance : Charles Judson, A. D.. Wheeler, William Crawford, John Wilcoxson and C. B. Curtis. Mt. Kenton Cemetery, Paducah, Ky., will place a new fence in front of the grounds. E. Futrell is chair- man of the board. A company capitalized at $60,000 at San Antonio, Tex., has bought a 136 acre tract for a cemetery to be known as Mission Cemetery. W. H. Chambers and J. P. Barclay are among the stockholders. Erected at Davenport, Iowa, in Central Park At the back of the ornamental houses are two bedding plant houses connected to the work room. The combining of the ornamental and practical this way is the tendency nowadays, and this group of houses is a fine example of how our Sectional Iron Frame Construction fills the bill. We do business by correspondence or personal representation, and will be glad to do it whichever way you want. We have a beautifully illustrated catalog. Lord & Burnham Company Irvington, New York New York Boston Philadelphia Chicago WHITE GLAZED TERRA-COXTA GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particuiars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO., Limaville, Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Galvanized Cast Iron Grave &Lot Marks “A Gua.ra.ntee •miih Every Mark" BERGER MEG. CO. Marks for all Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St., Catalog on CINCINNATI, 0. Request Made 3 inch, 3)4 inch, 4 incli and 6 incli diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengtlia. and ail kinds of top marks. Ne ’rly white in color and P'actically everla.stine:. Made under I __ C Haoco flolr Poi-L- 111 patents No. 680,432 and 734,854. For circulars and prices. Address LiCO. VJ. llaasc, v/aH 1 dlK,!!!. Cemeteries West of ILockies. Address, Pasadena, Calif. XII PARK AND CEMETERY. STONE GRAVE VAULTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERnOTT. OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone grave and lot markers cheap as clay markers THE NATIONAL LOWERING DEVICE we make it up in the “Latest Style’’ just to fit the place you may Perfection Safety Brake. Has friends everywhere, and is wanted by everybody. BECAUSE it is always ready for business and NEVER has to be TAKEN APART or put together; just a moment’s work and there it is, ready for infant’s casket or steel grave vaults. Is also made up in GIANT SIZE to be used to lower CEMENT VAULTS. Also made up special styles for CHAPELS, in fact want to use it in, but always with our If you are anticipating purchasing anything in this line write NATIONAL BURIAL DEVICE CO., 21 to 26 S. Hanchet St., Coldwater, Mich. Cemetery (Records Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParK (SL Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO REVISED Cemetery Laws OF NEW YORK STATE A new edition of this complete handbook of New York Cemetery laws. Includes many new cases from other states and several important amendments to New York laws down to 1906. The cases from other states and suggestions from New York laws make it invaluable to cemetery officials everywhere. Price $1.25 Postpaid Park & Cemetery, 324 Dearborn St. Chicago Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. ROAD PRESERVATION and DUST PREVENTION A Standard Work on Modern Road Problems by William Pierson Gibson Descriptions of all the late methods of dust prevention, road preservation and road making. Details of processes in applying oils, emulsions, coal tar preparations, tar-spraying ma- chines, tar macadam, rock asphalt, macadam and bitulithic pavement. Sixteen oil emul- sions, oils' and coal tar preparations are described, and records of experiments with all modern road making and dust- laying preparations given. Easily readable for non-tech- nical men. Invaluable to all who want reliable information on the pressing road problems of the day. PRICE $1.60 POSTPAID. R. J. HAIGHT. 324 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO JUST OUT— THE BOOK OF WATER GARDENING Giving in full detail all the practical information necessary to the election, grouping and successful cultivation of aquatic and other plants req uired in the making of a Water Garden and its surroundings, and covering all conditions from that of the Amateur with a single plant to the large estate or park. PRICE POSTPAID, $2.50 ORDER NOW Profusely illustrated with over one hundred 1 The author is PETER BISSET, of Washing- photographs from life, diagrams and plans. I ton, D. C., a well-known expert in this art. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO Landscape Gardening By F. A. WAUGH An admirable treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art, with many suggestions for their application to the commoner problems of gardening. Illustrated, 12mo. Cloth; price, $0.50. Sent postpaid by R. J. H/VIGHX, 3^-4- Dearborn St., diioago. PARK AND CEMETERY. XIII Rev. Henry B. Ter Woert on be- half of the Roman Catholic diocese of Newark has filed a plan for a 200- acre cemetery at North Arlington, N. J., instead of 125 acres for which he was granted a permit after a con- test which was taken before the State Board of Health. The church authorities claim that a new state law permits the use of that much. Winnemucca, Nev., has been pre- sented with 15 acres for a cemetery. Thomas Shone is trustee. Mount Rose Cemetery, Haverstraw, N. Y., has bought an addition. Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Me., has moved into the new office building. A new lowering device is to be purchased and other improve- ments made. Edwin Hathorn is su- perintendent. North Pine Grove Cemetery, New Bedford. Mass., has added adjoining land. As the result of Assemblyman Frisbie’s bill having passed the New York legislature the board of trus- tees of the village of Middleburg are authorized to acquire by grant or condemnation, the title of the old burying ground, long abandoned, and to convert it into a public park. A company of eastern capitalists has bought 200 acres at Glendale, a suburb of Cincinnati, O., and will lay out a modern cemetery to be known as Glendale Cemetery. Walter B. Price, Mercantile Library building, Cincinnati, is the local representative of the company, which will open offi- ces in that building. The incorpora- tors are; C. F. Heinig, F. P. New- combe, A. Jones and W. P. Hall. Capital stock, $300,000. St. Agnes’ Cemetery, Utica, N. Y., has an adjoining tract traversed by a stream which it is proposed to add to the grounds. There is opportu- nity for fine landscape effects and a landscape architect will be employed to plan the work. Oakwood Cemetery, Livingston, N. Y., has appointed the following com- mittee to erect a fence and gateway; N. Peck, C. E. Pratt and N. Wil- liams. Springfield Cemetery, Springfield, Mass., has awarded to Fred T. Ley & Co., the contract to erect a crema- tory to cost $15,000. It will be about 30 by 30 feet, with two incinerators and will be one of the most modern in this country. The architect, Wil- lard T. Sears, has been abroad four months the past winter looking into the most modern appliances for the incinerating apparatus. Slate Hill Cemetery, Shirenians- town. Pa., has added six acres. Austin Reversible Rollers The Steel Basket Co. 711 S. 3rd St. Cedar Rapids, la. Distinctive features A.nti-friction roller bearings. I^ar^e Diameter R.eversil>le. Perfect balance. WeigHt can be added without altering proper balance or adding pressure to bearings. Five sizes. Figbteen different weig'Kts. Write _for Illustrated Catalogue of SiprinKfers, Sioeepers and E,arth Handling Machinery, THE AUSTIN - WESTERN CO., LTD. CHBCAGO ILLINOIS I - Easy Dump Cart For Light Rubbish and Rakings Constructed entirely of Steel. No wood to warp, crack or break. Sizes 8 to 20 bushels. Our VITRIFIED and GLAZED Grave Markers are NEAT, EVERLASTING and INEXPENSIVE We make them 18" in length by outside diameter. In use at all large ceme- teries. We will quote delivered price on any quantity desired. Laclede - Christy Clay Products Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. The Kelly- Sprin gfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog XIV PARK AND CEMETERY. GRAVE LINING^S What some of our customers think of the Doddridge Grave Linings Board of Managers. Oak Ridge Cemetery. Springfield. 111., April 17, ’09. To Whom It may Concern: We readily and willingly state, that this Board about three months ago, bought a small quantity of Doddridge Grave Linings, which were so satis- factory and acceptable to the patrons of the cem- etery. that today we gave a large order for these Grave Linings to the Doddridge Co. The Linings are easily and quickly handled and adjusted and everybody seems to like the draping effect it gives when the grave is lined; moreover they proved a source of profit to the cemetery. We cheerfully recommend these Linings to other Cemetery Boards and feel assured that they will prove equally satisfactory to them and their patrons. B. A. Lange, President. J. M. Gaup, Superintendent. WOODSIDE CEJMETEKY ASSOCIATION. Jas. Lawrence, Pres. W. H. Johnson, Sec. J. M. Lanier. Supt. Middletown, Ohio, March 22, 1909. This is to certify that we have adopted the Doddrige Grave Linings at our cemetery. We received our first shipment of one dozen on Feb. 26, and on March 5 we found it necessary to send another order as the first order of one dozen was nearly gone, so we ordered two dozen more on that date. We want to say that we have found the handling of these linings a great satisfaction for several reasons: 1st. They are so easily put in. 2nd. They give universal satisfaction to our customers. 3rd. The profits from same aid materially in the expense of keeping up our cemetery. We heartily recommend these linings to all cem- etery associations who handle the linings of graves, and in so doing we feel that we are not only aiding the manufacturers of this much-needed and meritorious device, but are lending a helpful !'^nd to our sister associations by recommending something to them that will aid and please them, and that they will find them all the Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. claim for them. Tours very truly. W. H. Johnson, Sec. J. M. Lanier, Supt- The Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. T/izs zs our Style No. 2 MILTON, IND. THE DODDRIDGE Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stock. Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LOCK Box 48. BANGOB. PENN QUALITY SEND FOR CATALOGUE. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 34* West 14th St.. New York. Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen the brake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device. The entire weight of device 7S founds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen — I desire to say that I do not see where It would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time fail your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. John Held, Detroit. Mich., Supt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries, has used the Device 3,500 times without an accident. Folding Device Works. Ovid. Mich. Detroit, Mich., Oct. 4. 1906. Gentlemen— In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as Its neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that in the cenjeterles under my charge we have nine of your Devices in use and used them at least 8,500 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. .lolm Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Folding Device Works, Ovid, IMich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co.. Cincinnati. Ohio. John MarsellusMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco. Cal, The O.K.Buckbout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Oreu Eckardt (’asket Cu. Toronto, Ont. I-os Angeles Coffin Co.. Los Angeles, Cal. PARK AND CEMETERY. XV Tonopah Cemetery, Tonopah, Nev., is to erect a new fence and make other improvements. Improvements to cost about $10,000 are under way in Hollywood Ceme- tery, Los Angeles, Cal. An artificial lake and an island will be built. Machpelah Cemetery, LeRoy, N. Y., has purchased an addition and engaged A. S. DeForest, the Roch- ester landscape architect, to make plans for it. The Chapel Aid Society, of Plain- ville. Mass., is to purchase a gate for the cemetery. Greenville Cemetery, Meadville, Pa., has added four acres. Hudson, Mass., is to vote on the question of turning over Pine Grove Cemetery to a private organization. R. H. Crain, superintendent of Park Cemetery, Carthage, Mo., has begun improving the new addition. A gate- way is to be built. The cemetery committee of the city council of Colorado Springs, Col., will ask for competitive plans for a chapel and receiving vault for Ever- green Cemetery, at a cost of $10,000. Alderman W. T. Kasson is chairman of the committee. The city of Norfolk, Va., will pur- chase a twenty-acre addition to Cal- vary Cemetery. N. T. Burroughs, of Chicago, has given $1,000 for the improvement of Oak Hill Cemetery, Cherokee, la. Downing Vaux, the New York landscape architect, is to make plans for improvements in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Montgomery, N. Y. Extensive improvements are in progress in the new addition to Trin- ity Cemetery, Ansonia, Conn. St. Catherine’s Catholic Cemetery, Titusville, Pa., has been presented with a perpetual endowment fund of $25,000. The Embarass Cemetery Associa- tion, of Paris, 111., is to add one acre. Gulfport, Miss., has let the contract for an iron fence and gateways for the new cemetery. Through the efforts of the Spring- field, Mass., Improvement Associa- tion, a new fence is to be put around the old cemetery on Cherry Lane. The Illinois Mausoleum Company has contracted to build a concrete mausoleum with 200 crypts for per- manent interment in Diamond Grove Cemetery, Jacksonville, 111. The Doylestown, Pa., cemetery has a permanent fund of over $20,000 at interest. All the profits of the asso- ciation go to this fund. The ceme- tery includes twenty acres and has about 3,000 interments, CLASSIFIED ADS lo cents a line each insertion: 6 words to a line: minimum price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY, NEW ENGLAND GROWN Plants. A general line of nursery stock adapted to cemetery or home grounds. Evergreens and Rhododendrons in specimens — several times transplanted. Send for catalog. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. WHOLESALE PEONY LIST for fall 1909 is now ready. A postal will bring it to you free. J. P. Rosenfleld, West Point, Neb. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskeville, R. I. Hose CRESTLINE SPECIAL Garden Hose. Made in three different weights. A tough, durable hose that has the life in it. Every section guaranteed. Price with couplings: 5-ply. 6 -ply. 7-ply. •in., ner 50 ft. .. . . .$4.00 ? 5.00 ? 5.50 V,- ■in., per 100 ft. . . .. 7.75 9.76 10.75 %■ -in., per 50 ft. . . .. 4.50 5.50 6.00 %■ -in., per 100 ft. . . .. 8.76 10.75 11.75 Higher priced grades and cheaper grades quoted on request. Immediate shipment. Express or freight. The Crestline Mfg. Co., Box 233, Crestline, O. WANTED 1 GERMAN — Good character, educated in best schools for landscape gardening, thorough gardener and florist; able mana- ger with executive ability, brainy, imaginative, energetic and capable for biggest job; 18 years in this country; want satisfactory life position; bond given. Address B-4, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — By a progressive Wisconsin city in the Mississippi Valley, a park su- perintendent, trained and experienced, ca- pable of carrying out work from plans involving road making, grading and plant- ing. The position , involves, Immediately, large constructive work and unusual op- portunities for the right man. Address B-5, care Park and Cemetery. and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER^gOO DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees. Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted— Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON 9TKEET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence in the World. FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry^s Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata* logue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES ESTiauSHED 1840 Box W , Rochester, N. Y. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of goods. Baker Bros. & Co. Tiffin, 0. Water Supply o for Parks & Cemeteries THE No elevated tank to freeze or leak. Tank located in t el- lar. Any pressure up to 60 lbs. 'the ideal fire protec- tion. Sendforlliustra.. Catalog “R." Let our engineers figure out your needs. PROBLEM 80LVEf^ LUNT MOSS CO.. Boston, Mass, Branch, SO Church St , t'.Y CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages— Park and Cemetery, IR.ON Also ORNAMENTAL WIRE FENCES TENGES Finest at lowest , price. Guaranteed ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY ^ FENCE GO. Write for catalog 255 3- Senate Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. XVI PARK AND CEMETERY. ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE IS THE BEST FOR PARKS AND CEMETERIES IT WILL NOT KINK Oar RUBBER HOSE is made by a new and improved process. The fabric is seamless circular braided and the hose is vulcanized under pressure, and it is impossible for it to separate between the plies. It is made in any continuous length and is stronger and more durable than the old style Duck Wrapped Hose. ^ It will outlast any other hose on the market two to one and while it is NOT THE CHEAPEST, IT IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE d For sale by all Supply and Seed Houses, Specify "Electric ’’ and be sure it has the corrugated cover and the brand shown above. ELECTRIC HOSE RUBBER CO. :: WILMINGTON, DEL. LAWN CARTS and all styles of barrows and carts. Write for catalogue to LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. LANSING, MICH. WAREHOUSES ; New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis and San Francisco TOWSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knives^" The arrangement of flowers or floral designs at the grave has often puzzled you. You have never found a device to aid you, for until now there has been none. We offer you the Adjustable Flower Holding and Grave Covering Device, which not only displays the flowers, but also auto- matically, neatly, quietly, safely and gradually carries them over the grave as the casket is lowered. This device weighs less than thirty- five pounds, is strong, durable, simple and adjustable to any size grave. It can be used in conjunction with or without any lowering device. It can he set up in less than five minutes. It cannot fail to work. Be first in your locality to have this device, which, though small in cost, adds wonderfully to the completeness-of a funeral. Your competitor will eventually have one. Let him follow, not lead you. J. C. VAN AKEN ^ CO., Ridgway, Pa. All Our Hand Mowers are Ball Bearing SENT ON THEIR MERITS Write for Catalog S. P. Townsend Co. ORANGE, N. J. XVH PARK AND CEMETERY. The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND POR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED WHEELS 10 Inches in Diameter CUTTER 8 inches in Diameter DIAMOND HIQH=QRASS LAWN MOWER Made for CEMETERY USE REVOLVIN Ail blades crucible BLADES Cast Steel width of cut. Price, Will Cut Grass 2 to 10 inches High Phosphor Bronze Bearings The DIAMOND will go where no other hand mower can follow For hard, heavy work, it has no equal in the world THREE NET PRICES FOR CASH WITH ORDER 15 inchts 17 inches 19 inches 21 inches xpt $6.50 $7.50 $8.50 $9.50 ^ DILLE & McQUlRE MFC. CO. RICHMOND, IND. The Van Dorn Iron Works Co., Cleveland, Ohio We make a specialty of Iron Fence ■ -AND Entrances TO No. 122. Lawn Seat. All Steel CEMETERIES AND PARKS Also Large Manufacturers of Steel Lawn Seats, Iron Vases, Vault Doors and Vault Appliances Erected for Scripps Estate, Detroit, Mich, by us in 1908. Write us for catalogue and estimates Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The “AUSTIN” Motor Lawn Mower and Roller Will cut as much lawn as 2 or 3 horse-drawn mowers. Does the work better, quicker and cheaper Easy to manage Reliable in every-day hard service WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AUST1N=WESTERN CO., Ltd., CHICAGO eCN COHCW • (909 Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 5. JULY, 1909 GENERAL, TILGHMAN STATUE, PADUCAH, KY. (Sep pnffp Tfi) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE Send for our landscape architect who will furnish designs and show you how, where, when and what to plant WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres WHY buy expensive markers when you can make your own at a very low cost on the Lawson Cement Marker Outfit? No better marker can be found or made. Write for descriptive circuiar and price Bellett Lawson, Jr. 606 White Building Buffalo, N. Y. ©PECiyVVEIN E VEROREEINS LARGE ASSORTMENT, All lifting" with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity . ANDORRA/ NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. HYDRANGEA QUERCIFOLIA I offer a limited stock of strong plants of this most de- sirable shrub. My assortment includes many other things. My Evergreens are grown for specimens, Shade Trees too. Write for catalogue. HIRAM T. JONES Union County Nurseries ELIZABETH, N. J. Squier's Weed Killer Absolutely the most effectual made. Has the greatest covering capacity of any. Its effects of longest duration. Most economical of any to use. Send for circulars giv- ing prices and testimonials from the largest users in the world. E. Harrison Mfg. Co. Rahway, N. J. QUALITY I^US * SEND FOR CATALOGUE. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 348 West 14th St., New York. HEARTLEY’S MOLE TRAP PROTECT your LAWN and PLANTS by using HEARTLEY’S HOLD= FAST MOLE TRAP. “It ExcellsThem All” A trial order will convince you. Write for Prices. QEO. W. HEARTLEY 902 Summit St., TOLEDO, - - OHIO. LAWN GRASS SCLD BECKERT’S EVERGREEN MIXTUR.E— Florists and Landscape Gardeners desiring a lawn seed that will give them perfect results should use this mixture. Price per bushel of 22 lbs., $3.00. BEST GRADES OF ALL GRASS SEEDS. Write for prices. W. C. BECKERT Allegheny, Pa. Kill the weeds and grass that deface your walks and drives. FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER. Original Introducers of Weed Killing Chemicals. Beware of cheaf) Imitations. No Failures. Thirteen Tears' Experience. Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY. Does not spoil the appearance of the walks or drives. Kills the weeds and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean. EXAMINE THIS ^ barrel of 5o gals, will make 25oo gals, of liquid ready to apply to the roadway, covering 75oo Sq. Yds. of surface, TABLE OF COST: and costing LESS THAN 2 CTS. A GALLON TO PUT ON. THE OLD METHOD of hoeing out weeds and grass is too costly. TRY OUR WAY and you will never be content with any other. Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN or direct to FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY, Only Makers, N. W. Cor. Broad & Fairmount Ave. , Philadelphia, Pa. Thirteenth Tear of Successful Weed Killing Also makers oI the celebrated Fairmount Sa7i lose Scale Killer. Seanbard Asphalt Road Oil Emulsifying Road Oil Macadam Asphalt Binder Experience and experiment have demonstrated that asphalt or oil with an asphaltum base are the only substances successfully applied to roads to insure permanency of dust relief and to maintain the roads in perfect condition. In our tnree preparations we offer products that are suitable for road construction or road maintenance. Adapted for all conditions of roads and for use in all localities. Our free book {facsimile shown) treats of each of these three products at length, explaining the uses for which they are particularly prepared, .and furnishing information which will be found invaluable to Supervisors, Road Commissioners, State, County and Municipal authorities, and to owners of private estates. A copy will be mailed free on request. Asphalt Road Oil is an asphalt-bearing oil and is intended for use on well-made roads as they are. One application, if properly applied, suffices for a season. Emulsifying Road Oil is a lighter asphalt-bearing oil so prepared that it will emulsify with water. It serves as a dust preventive, requires frequent application, and is used only on side roads where traffic is light — on private grounds or parks. II is a heavy product, almost solid asphaltum, iUHCdudin /\spn3.il DinQCr used in constructing macadam and another roads where asphaltic material is required. These products can be procured at " STANDARD OIL COMPANY, Road Oil Dept., Kansas City, Kan. 26 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 115 Adams St., Chicago, 111. IV PARK AND CEMETERY. Transplant Evergreens late in August and during September. The season’s growth has then formed and the ground being still warm, the plants take hold before winter sets in. Spring finds them well established and read}’ to keep right on growing. We have some handsome specimens. Shall we send 5’ou the list? Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Dresher, Box 5, Pennsylvania MEMBER of FRENCH and GERMAN SOCIETIES of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ADVICES. SKETCHES. DESIGNS, OR EULL WORKING PLANS EOR CEMETERIES. PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in Engrlish, French and German The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN S. P. Townsend £y Co. ORANGE, N. J. DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS WE C.\TER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER F.RADK THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION. AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB. IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED STONE GRAVE VAILTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERHOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profiL Manj’ cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone Krave and lot markers cheap as clay markers ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND POR CATALOG TOWSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knives AH Our Hand Mowers are Ball Bearing SENT ON THEIR MERITS Write for Catalog PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX Chicago, July, 1909 No. 5 The Value of Experiment Station Bulletins The usefulness of State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions has been demonstrated over and over again, and in many ways. Their cost is a negligible quantity in comparison with the amount saved by improved eco- nomic conditions secured by the investigations carried on, and the higher knowledge imparted to the producers, by their continuous activities. A bulletin recently is- U'ied by the Ohio Station on the misrepresentation of tree agents in regard to the black locust is a practical example of usefulness; it will save loss and disappoint- ment to numbers of people, striking a severe blow against fraudulent salesmanship and should, from the amount of practical knowledge conveyed in the bulletin, impress those interested with the value of such litera- ture disseminated under authority. Now that farm for- estry is taking hold of the agriculturist such informa- tion is exceptionally timely, and the State Experiment Station should be consulted in all cases of doubt as to kinds of trees, culture, etc., most adaptable to the vari- ous requirements, and it is certain that the station au- thorities are always eagerly awaiting such evidences of confidence. ^ N? The Chicago Outer Park System One of the important acts of the recent Illinois legis- lature, so far as Chicago is concerned, was the Outer Belt park bill which authorizes the creation of forest preserve districts by popular vote. Any 1,000 voters within any county may petition the county judge to cause the ques- tion of establishing a county forest preserve district to be submitted to the electors at the next election. This bill it is expected will secure the proposed outer belt park system for Chicago. The vast plans now being consid- ered for the further improvement of Chicago give this city the lead in all current efforts for municipal better- ments. Billboards for City Advertising The Chamber of Commerce of Rochester, N. Y., quite recently advanced a proposition to advertise the merits of the city on a gigantic billboard placed alongside of its railway approaches. As ought to have been expected protests were immediately forthcoming, among them a convincing letter from Mr. Charles Mulford Robinson. The proposition must have been astounding, especially when but a few months ago, this same organization of business men promoted a public meeting, which was large- ly attended, at which Mr. J. Horace McFarland spoke against billboards. It is gratifying to note that the effects of the protests tended rather to inspire the members of the board to still further efforts towards civic ideals, and to urge all business men to aid in the removal of all bill- boards from the vicinity of Rochester. The publicly ex- pressed sentiments of the board in regard to the improve- ment of Rochester have a true ring after all, and the idea of advertising Rochester will materialize in active work to make the city a “City of Flowers, Business and Good Fellowship,” in which every one interested is warmly invited to help. The idea of advertising an ideal city on a gigantic billboard is too much of a joke to be taken seriously. Congressional Lapses Two of the late president’s progressive schemes have probably been put out of commission by the failure of Congress to provide the necessary funds — the Fine Arts and Country Life Commissions. It possibly means only delay, for under some form or other the desirable ends sought to be accomplished by these commissions will be further investigated. Whatever the future may bring about in the relations between its Congress and the people, one thing is certain, we must have men as representatives who are enlightened enough to be representatives in fact as well as in name. Important questions, bearing inti- mately on the national welfare, should not be subject to capricious temperament caused either by poor mental or physical digestion. The Park Superintendents in Convention A splendid summer entertainment is planned for the annual convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents. The convention proper is to be held at Seattle, Wash., August 9-11, and Tacoma August 12-13, and a full description of the affair, together with the pre- liminary program, will be found in another column. Time, place and opportunities never promised a better harvest of good for the annual convention of such an association, and the temptation will be great for the park superintendents throughout the country to avail themselves of the excel- lent arrangements made by the association for an enjoy- able and profitable meeting. From an educational and a professional outlook it is difficult to imagine a more in- spiring occasion. Eastern men will see park practice and development on different lines, while their western breth- ren may gain new ideas and a broader understanding from the papers and discussions, and all present will unques- tionably be benefited. The social side will not be neg- lected, it is certain, so that the summer outing will be unique. Business and pleasure will unite with the Seattle Exposition as a rallying point, to insure a ma.ximum of profit from the trip. With more earnestness than ever, it is urged upon every municipality interested in its park development to arrange that its superintendent be pres- ent at this convention. In no cheaper Avay could so much professional knowledge and experience be acquired, and common business policy dictates the suggestion. Vg Vjg Caring for Public Statuary It is unfortunate, to say the least, that our municipal authorities, with very few exceptions, disregard their obligations to public statuary, the care of which devolves upon them in their official capacity, and they should cer- tainly hasten to follow the example of their European confreres. In the main, public monuments and statuary are there cleaned annually, and, moreover, it would be quite remarkable to find a work of art neglected and bare of appropriate surroundings, as is so very often the case in this rich land of ours. While we simply deplore such facts on the part of our city governments, and more or less let it go at that, we fail to realize what harm we are doing in so many ways, morally, educationally, ethic- ally and, so to speak, commercially. For neglect of statu- ary donated, say, by private citizens prejudices other pos- sible donors and most positively tends to check and dis- courage those whose temperament and enthusiasm for art induces the desire to make such gifts. 69 PARK AND CEMETERY. PARKS AND CIVIC SPIRIT AT MADISON, WIS. The annual report for 1909 of the Madison Park and Pleasure Drive Association has been received. We commend it for perusal by all those interested in parks, playgrounds, and to students of municipal affairs. As to extent of its operations the Madison Park report records nothing .astonishing when viewed alongside Chicago’s and New York’s activities nor does it appear conspicuous in the size of its budget expenditures for parks and playgrounds. It does, however, command careful attention and study in that it is a normal and typical American city, and as such is in the forefront if indeed it does not take the lead in several important respects. Its park activities have been sus- tained during a period of 17 consecu- tive years. During this period its work was supported from its incep- tion up to three years ago by volun- tary subscriptions of interested citi- zens and today that support continues albeit the municipality makes an an- nual maintenance appropriation and has recently issued two series of bonds for land acquisition. Many small cities and villages have been favored by the gifts of wealthy citizens, but we are familiar with none that sets before itself with such resolute purpose the task of profiting by the experience of others. Madison is fortunate in having a pleasant cli- mate; the city is located at a consid- erable altitude, amid a region of lakes forming one of a multitude of the sources whence the mighty Mississippi gathers its flow. Madison is the seat of government for the commonwealth of Wisconsin; it houses the State-supported Uni- versity of Wisconsin, and to this perhaps more than any other reason can the present park movement be attributed. Officers of the State gov- ernment and educators in the State University resided here when the city had less than 10,000 inhabitants. A handful of these men fostered the ideals of cleanliness and civic improve- ment; street paving was one; con- structing drives along the lake marshes and over the hills and through the forests was another. No- where were the drives far removed from the lakes and together they comprised a system of exquisite charm in their offerings of changing pano- ramas. Originally started for the de- lectation of appreciative lovers of beauty, the detached pieces of drive were gradually connected and exten- sions made. Then Professor Owen donated several acres on a hilltop overlooking a fine valley; thereafter others made similar donations, with the consequence that the public bene- factors gave Tenney, Vilas, Britting- ham and Burrows Parks. Similar do- nations brought the admirable Stens- land bridge — a well designed stone structure carrying one of the , main thoroughfares across the stream con- necting two of the lakes; it brought Ben Jones and Olive Jones play- grounds and Kendall Park — a recrea- tion area. All told, there now exist some 15 miles of drive, 323 acres of park property and 11 miles of water front on three lakes, besides 4 miles of parkway along public waterways draining some of the principal lakes. Certainly Madison had the great advantage of a preponderance of brains in her citizenship; the intellec- tual calibre of her citizens is still very high, largely as a result of the personnel of her public institutions. Be that as it may, welfare work was conceived in a wise and broad-minded spirit, encouraged with cleverness and supported and brought to fruition SHADED PORTIONS SHOW PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. PARK AND CEMETERY. 70 by untiring effort, unquestioned in- tegrity and continuous progress and popular support. The whole movement is personi- fied in John M. Olin, president of the Association since its inception. Con- servative in his views, yet construct- ively aggressive by nature, and with a high sense of public duty, he gath- ers support from all sections and leads each year to greater triumphs. It is worthy of note and a commen- tary on our municipal form of gov- ernment that the principal and vir- tually the only opposition to be met with in the entire hisory of his grand work springs from the City Council. But gradually — it becomes more evi- dent each year — that opposition is fading away, for be it borne in mind park projects are fostered by intel- ligence and agitation and education will ultimately remove all opposition to the conduct of a wise park pro- gram. Even the arch politicians hesi- tate in their attempts to make politi- cal capital out of the embarrassments incident to constructive and aggress- ive progress. The extent and significance of the movement are in many respects re- markable. Subscriptions are entirely voluntary and range from one dollar to fifty — the major portion being for $5.00. In 1908 there were 393 of this denomination. In the past seven years the contributions have totaled over $180,000. This report explains contemplated new work, extensions proposed and various projects of local importance. Playgrounds are being further equipped each year; one of the lower lakes is to be made navigable, thus connecting it and the series of those nearby with the Rock River and thus with the Mississippi. A new State House constructed of white Vermont granite is in course of erection. Its site is a 14-acre tract, the highest elevation between the lakes bordering the city on the north and south. From its center radiate in transverse directions four streets, each 132 ft. wide. One improvement under consideration is the elimination of business and residential buildings two blocks wide and several blocks long, extending from Capitol Park to Lake Monona. Upon this site is to be estabished a broad walk — tree- lined and flanked with public build- ings. It is an extensive scheme and the trend of the idea it expresses is in the right direction. The remark- able fact is that so meritorious a project should be originated by an association of this sort. It is prob- able that this work alone will involve a million or more dollars, yet in some communities it has been known that prominent citizens have dis- dained to help in improvement work UNIVERSITY DRIVE, MADISON. WIS. on the pretext of its being amateur- ish, women’s work or based on en- thusiasm rather than merit. Numerous excellent features are discussed, among them the wisdom and advantage of municipalities con- trolling street tree planting; the ad- vantage of a regular and sufficient tax levy and a comprehensive city plan of Madison. Space forbids further comment— we hope to review this last and great- est undertaking later. Meanwhile we would urge the very general reading of this report..as an excellent incent- ive and catechism of public park im- provement work. Were any of our largest citiep to exert itself in pro- portion to its capacity as Madison has done, it would promptly assume a position of enviable international prominence. The record of accomplishment in Madison is an inspiring example of what energy and public spirit, intelli- gently directed, can do for the build- ing of a city park system. The work done and in progress in that city is one that quickens the pride of every good American citi- zen; it emphasizes what our cities can do if they but will, and even Madison has not shown to the limit what she can do and we hope will ac- complish. E. T. Mische. 71 PARK AND CEMETERY. PARK SUPERINTENDENTS TO MEET IN SEATTLE VIEW OF GROUNDS OF ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC EXPOSITION, SEATTLE, WASH. Showing Portion of English Tufted Pansy Bed (Viola Cornuta, Hybrids) Containing Over 200,000 Plant's, with Background of Mixed Peonies. The annual convention of the Amer- ican Association of Park Superintend- ents to be held at Seattle, Wash., August 9, 10 and 11, and Tacoma, Aug- ust 12 and 13, offers to the members and park men throughout the coun- try, an opportunity to see the W'on- derful natural park systems of these western cities, the unrivalled scenic wonders of the mountain country, and an exposition that surpasses any of its predecessors in careful planning of the grounds and landscape develop- ment. It is the chance of a lifetime to see these western wonders under expert guidance and in congenial com- pany and at reduced rates. Every park worker, or lover of nature, who can join this party whether a member of the association or not, will find unlimited pleasure and profit from this trip. The association plans to go in a body with several central points where individuals may meet the party, the chief places of gathering being at Boston, Chicago, Minneap- olis, Yellowstone Park and Spokane. The Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposi- tion, the reason for the exodus to Se- attle, is of particular interest to park men, from the remarkably complete and successful effects in landscape de- velopment and planting, and its prox- imity to Mount Tacoma, and some of the grandest natural scenery in the world. The grounds were laid out by Olmsted Brothers, Brookline, Mass. One of the most interesting exhibits at the Exposition is the collection of photographs gathered under the aus- pices of this association. The scheme of such an exhibit was conceived and worked out by the President of the Association, John W. Duncan, of Bos- ton, and many of the leading Park Departments throughout the country willingly responded with their share of the work, so that the most repre- sentative exhibit of American Park Photographs ever gotten together is on exhibition and will be there till the close of the Exposition next Fall. Following is a preliminary outline of the program: First day, Monday, Aug. 9th, 9 a. m. : Address of Welcome by Hon. John F. Miller, Mayor oj Seattle. Response by John W. Duncan, President of Association. Reports o f Secretary-Treasurer, committees and general business. 1:30 P. M.: Excursion for inspec- tion of parks; Volunteer Park, Inter- laken Drive, Washington Park over Roanoke extension to Woodland Park. 8 P. M.: Reading of papers and discussions. Papers are expected from the fol- lowing members, some of whom have already signified their willingness to prepare them: Emil T. Mische, Chas. E. Putnam, W. R. Adams, C. Cham- pion, H. S. Richards. Second day, Tuesday, Aug. 10, 9 A. M.: Reading of papers and dis- cussion; miscellaneous business. 1:30 P. M.: Tour of parks; inspec- PARK AND CEMETERY. 72 tion of Leschi Park and around Mer- cer Island to Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition grounds, where the bal- ance of the day will be spent. Third day, Wednesday, Aug. 11, 9 A. M.: General business, election of officers and selection of next meeting place. 1:30 P. M.: Visit to the play- grounds and trip along the boulevard t© the shores of Lake Washington and over to Bailey Peninsula. Fourth and fifth days, Thursday and Friday, August 12 and 13, will be spent in Tacoma under the direction of the Park Board of that city, vis- iting the parks and going through the Paradise Valley. A carefully arranged itinerary has been mapped out, and members, friends, guests and visitors should plan to meet the party somewhere en route. Two dates for leaving Boston have been fixed, July 27 for those who plan to take the 514 days’ trip in Yel- lowstone Park, and August 2 for those who will omit Yellowstone' Park. The schedule is as follows: Leave Boston, 10:30 a. m., July 27, by Boston & Albany and Lake Shore for Chicago; leave Chicago 6:40 p. m., GOOD PARK The city of Bellingham, Washing- ton, has a population of forty thou- sand people, but had few parks until the year 1908, when Mr. C. X. Larra- bee donated to the city a ten acre tract which the South Side Industrial Club employed Olmsted Brothers, Brookline, Mass., to lay out on a modern landscape plan. Later in the same year the Young Men’s Commercial Club was instru- mental in purchasing a forty acre tract for park purposes, securing a succession of picturesquely beautiful falls in Whatcom Creek, a stream tra- versing magnificent native timber (chiefly Douglas Spruce) with an in- teresting and varied undergrowth. Beautiful views of great bodies of wa- ter and majestic snow-capped moun- tains also show from the tract. Mrs. Bertha Cornwall Fischer, real- izing that Bellingham, in a manner characteristic of Western cities, was increasing in population very rapidly, has given the crowning feature of the system by presenting to the city a beautiful park of approximately sixty acres with a market value today of one hundred thousand dollars. It is to be known as “Cornwall Memorial Park,” in honor of her father, whose July 28, via C. M. & St. P for Min- neapolis; leave Minneapolis 10:45 p. m., July 29, via Northern Pacific; ar- rive Gardiner 10:15 a. m., July 31. From there a 5)4 days’ tour of Yel- lowstone Park will be made and the party will leave Gardiner at 7:15 p. m., Aug. 5; arrive in Seattle at 8:30 a. m., Aug. 8, after spending Friday, August 6, in Spokane as guests of the Spo- kane Chamber of Commerce. The other itinerary, for those who will omit the Yellowstone Park trip, is as follows: Leave Boston 10:30 a .m., August 2; leave Chicago 6:40 p. m., August 3; leave Minneapolis 10:45 p. m. Aug- ust 4; meet the Yellowstone Park party at Livingstone August 6; arrive Seattle 8:30 a. m., August 8. Rates of Fare: Boston to Seattle and return, $94.95. Yellowstone Park: Side trip from Livingston, Mont. — a complete tour of the park, including 5l4 days’ ac- commodations at hotels, $55. Sleeping car rates: Double berth in the standard sleeping car accom- modating two persons, Boston to Se- attle, $19.00. Return routes: Tickets may be routed returning from Seattle as fol- lows: Northern Pacific Railway, via St. Paul, or via Billings & Omaha: Great Northern Ry., via Spokane and St. Paul; Canadian Pacific Ry., via Winnipeg and St. Paul; Oregon Short Line, via Salt Lake City, Denver and Omaha; via San Francisco or Los An- geles, $15.25 addition. The return route must be selected when ticket is purchased. Any other particulars may be had from the committee in charge: Pres. J. W. Duncan, Boston, Mass.; Sec.- Treas. F. L. Mulford, Harrisburg, Pa., or Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minn. This is an ideal opportunity for western park commissioners and of- ficials to get identified with this live and useful organization. The wide- awake park commissioners know that up-to-date information and inter- change of ideas is as important to Park Departments as to other depart- ments of a city government, and they should see to it that superintendent, engineer, forester, or assistants at- tend this convention, and that the Board or Commission pay their ex- penses. Western park boards espe- cially should consider this matter and take favorable action. WORK IN BELLINGHAM « name is honored in Bellingham as Nature has already done. In none of the founder of the city. This beau- the parks in the Pacific Northwest tiful park lies directly north of a can be seen park pictures surpassing choice residence section known as the natural beauty of Whatcom and Broadway Park, contains the famous Bed rock Falls. Bed Rock Falls in Squalicum Creek. This 110 acres of parks gives Bel- This acquisition of parks by a city lingham an average of one acre to of this size is remarkable when we 363 people, a remarkably high aver- consider that it would take millions age to be attained in one year of park of dollars to even rudely imitate what acquisition. WHATCOM FALLS, BELLINGHAM, WASH. 73 PARK AND CEMETERY. REMARKABLE FLORAL GLOBE IN ST. LOUIS FLORAL GLOBE AT ST. LOUIS WATERWORKS PARK. The big floral globe, designed and built by W. E. Robinson, chief gar- dener of the St. Louis Water Depart- ment the last two summers, has been constructed again this year at Bis- sell’s Point, St. Louis. The globe, which shows the continents and islands of all the world in different colored plants, has attracted wide at- tention as a feat in floral work. This year Mr. Robinson will water the structure by a new process which he believes will overcome one of the greatest difficulties met with the two previous summers. A system of curved and perforated pipes within the globe will supply moisture to the lower two-thirds of the structure and the upper part will be watered from the outside. There are .32,000 individual plants used in the globe, and 19,000 more in the beds about the globe. Four varieties of alternantheras are used in fashioning the continents and islands. Santolina is planted for the Sahara desert, sedums for the oceans. In the beds will be alternantheras, Santolina, echerveria, St. Louis salvia, lamania ultima, dwarf ageratum and sedum. The globe is so constructed that it revolves easily, and is turned one- third around every day to give all parts equal sunshine. The ingenuity of the builder was taxed to find a suitable means of get- ting at the various parts of the globe to put in the plants. A curved ladder was finally devised. The ladder does not touch the body of the globe at all, so may be used without injury to the plants. An iron pin protrudes from a socket at the top of the globe and the top of the curved ladder is fastened to it. The ladder may be swung around, as on a pivot, or the gardener may keep the ladder stationary and turn the globe when he wants to -work in dif- ferent parts of the structure. The ladder will remain on the globe to be used in caring for the plants. The last two seasons this floral wonder has led many visitors to the Water Works grounds at Bissell’s Point. OIL AND THE ROAD MAINTENANCE PROBLEM The earliest experiments with oil as a remedy for the dust problem were made in California and its use in that state has become quite general and markedly successful. The results at- tracted widespread attention and ef- forts to secure similar results in nu- merous municipalities in the East were soon reported. That the results accomplished in the Eastern territory have not always been so successful as in California was due to the use of un- suitable oils. In the earlier stages of the business the public was led to believe that any- thing black and sticky was good for a road, and some dealers deluged the roads with the refuse from gas houses and refineries. The engineer then stepped in and laid down specifica- tions as to what a suitable oil should contain, and the manner of applying it, Standard Asphalt Road Oil is the preparation used by many experts and it has been given severe tests on au- tomobile racing courses as well as NORTH BROADWAY, WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK. Treated with Standard Road Oil; Untreated Portion of Road in Eistance. DRIVE IN CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK. Treated with Emulsifying Road Oil. PARK AND CEMETERY. 74 roads constantly travelled by motor cars. For laying the dust in parks and cemeteries, Standard Emulsifying Road Oil is recommended. This oil is prepared so that it can be mixed with water, and a mixture of from 10 per cent to 20 per cent of emulsifying oil with water will give very good re- sults, the roads being sprinkled about once every two weeks. After two or three applications in this way, the in- tervening time can be extended ac- cording to the general condition of the road. The nature of the road surface has also been found to play an important part in the success of an oiled road, but in general it has been demon- strated that to secure the best results the surface should be carefully swept of all fine, loose material, and after the application of the oil should be covered with coarse sand, screenings or gravel. This method is well suited to ma- cadam and gravel roads, and the oil when applied in a careful manner more than justifies the slight expen- diture. for it is a means of prolong- ing the life of a road upon which much care has been spent in con- struction and many thousands of dol- lars invested in labor and materials. Exhaustive experiments have prov- en that the greater portion of the oil should penetrate the road. Where this is effected and a light covering or dressing applied to absorb that portion of the oil which did not pen- etrate, the best results are generally obtained. The quantity of oil to be used de- pends upon the nature of the road and its ease of penetration. How- ever, it is advisable not to use less than one-fourth of a gallon or more than one-half a gallon per square yard of surface. Practical tests suggest that a macadam road, swept clean of all loose material and covered with a light top dressing after being oiled, will give best results with one-half gallon of oil per square yard. A gravel road will probably not re- quire over one-third of a gallon of oil per square yard. A dirt road requires an oil lighter in body, and in some cases, good results can be obtained with one-fourth of a gallon per square yard. No methods could be simpler than for properly applying this oil. The road should first be put in good con- dition so the oil will not pool in low places. It should also be dry so that the oil can penetrate. The sprinkling should l)e done only in warm weath- er. If the sprinkler does not distrib- ute evenly, stiff brooms should be used. It is best to treat one side of the road at a time, closing the oiled half from four to six hours so that the oil may properly penetrate, after which a light cover of screenings, gravel or coarse sand should be spread. This absorbs the oil which does not pene- trate the road bed and at the same time forms a compact, dry surface which will materially add life to the road and prevent tracking oil into houses. It is recommended that the part of the road oiled should be closed to traffic at least twenty-four hours, since the oil, being asphaltic, is liable to adhere to the tires of ve- hicles, resulting in bare spots and dis- turbing the surface before the oil has had time to set. Standard Road Oil was very suc- cessfully used last year on the race courses for the Briarcliff race, the Vanderbilt cup races, and the Savan- nah automobile races. The Standard Oil Company will furnish free a book full of interest to all who are con- cerned in the construction and main- tenance of good roads. WHAT IS NEEDED IN AMERICAN CITY PLANNING (Abstract of Address by John Nolen, Landscape Architect, Cam- bridge, Mass., at the Washington Conference on City Planning.) What is needed in the planning and rebuilding of American cities? A crit- ical observer, especially one having the achievements of the European and South American cities in mind, is tempted to answer: Everything. For with few exceptions, our cities are lacking in almost all of those essen- tials of convenience, comfort, orderli- ness and appropriate beauty that characterize the cities of other na- tions. But above all, vagueness and indefiniteness must be avoided. We must be specific. Therefore I shall confine my remarks to three points. We need (1) to make recreation more democratic; (2) to develop the indi- viduality of our cities; (3) to stop waste. First, then, we need to make improvements which are for the ben- efit and enjoyment of everybody, for the common good. In this respect how striking the contrast is between Europe and America! The poorest working man in Europe has some ad- vantages and opportunities which here the wealthiest cannot command. Forty years ago Germany planned to provide in all its cities and for all the people in them, facilities for whole- some physical exercise, large and con- venient opportunity to enjoy the beauty and wonder of the nature world, and a more intimate knowledge of noble kinds of human life and beau- tiful products of human work. Fine city streets, orderly railroad ap- proaches and surroundings, truly beautiful public buildings, open green squares and plazas, refreshing water- fronts, ennobling statuary, convenient and ample playgrounds, numerous parks, parkways and boulevards, art museums, theatres, opera houses and concert halls — all these in Europe are free, or so nearly free that they are easily available for all the people. These are not only worthy pleasures in themselves, to relieve from the grind and fatigue of yesterday’s and today’s toil, but they make a definite and indispensable contribution toward tomorrow’s efficiency. In political rights we have democracy enough: judging by results, perhaps more than we have fitness for. But should we not work for a wider democracy of recreation, for more opportunity to enjoy those forms of beauty and pleasure which feed and refresh the soul as bread does the body? Secondly, we need to consider more attentively the opportunity to improve our cities by the development of their individuality, their personality. Mr. James Bryce has pointed out that the one most serious drawback to Ameri- can life is its uniformity and that this criticism applies especially to cities. With but five or six exceptions, he says, American cities differ from one another only that some are built more with brick than with wood, and others more with wood than with brick; their monotony haunts one like a nightmare. This criticism becomes clearer and more pointed if we recall the cities and towns of England and, more especially, of Italy, and contrast them with our own. What is the explanatiA? It is partly the lack of an historic past and of memorials and old buildings resulting from that past. But most of it is due to factors more largely in our control. For -example, it is in our failure to echo more ( Continued on page VIII ) 75 PARK AND CEMETERY. PARK NEWS. 'm& In keeping with the thoroughness of all the park work in Minneapolis, the Park Board of that city has in- stituted a competition among archi- tects and bridge engineers for several bridges to be built as a part of the elaborate improvements in connecting several of the beautiful lakes in that system. It is the intention of the Park Board to get the best and most appropriate designs possible for the locations which are liberally endowed with natural features of great beauty and attractiveness. Superintendent Wirth has accordingly prepared an il- lustrated booklet of detailed specifi- cations showing by drawings and pho- tographs the exact nature of the sur- roundings of the proposed bridges. There are three prizes offered, amounting in all to $1,500, and a copy of these illustrated specifications will be sent to any one desiring to enter the competition, who will address the Park Commissioners at Minneapolis. Further details are given in the com- mission’s advertisement on another page. ♦ * The handsomely illustrated annual report of the Park Board of Wil- mington, Del., tells of the acquisition of considerable new territory, and the building of a new swimming pool in Kirkwood Park. The Pine street playground was found to be in great demand and the board will acquire some land adjoining and do some ap- propriate planting to make it an at- tractive breathing spot. The total attendance at the two swimming pools was 45,541. The expenditure for the year amounted to $38,360. Edward R. Mack is superintendent. * * * The annual report of the Park com- mission of Council Bluffs, Iowa, shows that the city owns ten parks of an aggregate extent of 653 acres. The parks of Des Moines aggre- gate 675 acres, the only other city in the state which has a greater park acreage than Council Bluffs. This compared with a total area of fifty- five square miles in the ^y of Des Moines as against sixteen square miles included in the city limits of Council Bluffs. Sioux City, with an area of forty-two square miles, has forty-three acres of parks. Dubuque, covering an area of thirteen square miles, has three acres of parks; Ce- dar Rapids, thirteen square miles in size, has 170 acres of parks, and Bur- lington,, with an area of ten square miles, has eighty-six acres. * 5{« * Under a new anti-billboard law, which recently became effective in Los Angeles, the county officers of Los Angeles county are out tearing down miles of advertisements prohib- ited under the ordinance, because they front upon public property, in this in- stance the highways. The law is re- garded as the opening wedge for more drastic legislation against bill-boards. PARK IMPROVEMENTS The Civic Improvement League of Canon City, Col., has bought a block of ground and will improve it as Ha- zel Park and present it to the town. Guilbert & Funston have prepared plans for the extension of Monument Square Park at Racine, Wis. W. H. Dunn, superintendent of parks at Kansas City, Mo., has been selected as landscape architect for the elaborate park and boulevard system for Oklahoma City, recently described in these pages, and R. E. Brownell, formerly assistant engineer of the South Park System of Chicago, will be the engineer of the new system. The commission is preparing to get to work, as the $400,000 bond issue re- cently voted is now available. As typ- ical of the spirit of the men in charge of the work, K. W. Dawson, one of the former park commissioners re- cently drew his personal checque for $20,000 to save an option on a valu- able tract that was in danger of ex- piring before the commissioners could realize on the bond issue. The commissioners are to close up at once options on 1,340 acres in addition to this at $140,000. This land is esti- mated to be worth $300,000, as a re- sult of the increased value due to the proposed park system. Park Com- missioner Will H. Clark has been the leading spirit in the promotion of what will be in many features a unique park system. J. C. Milliman has presented to Logan, Utah, a five-acre tract as a park and City Engineer J. C. Mc- Cabe has completed the survey of the tract. State Auditor Ivison of Minnesota is to purchase a 30-acre addition to the Minneopa State Park near ‘Man- kato, Minn., which will increase the area of the park to 108 'acres. The legislature has appropriated $4,000 a year for maintenance and extension. Roscoe Conkling Park, Utica, N. Y., has been formally turned over to the city. The city council of Griffin, Ga., has asked the legislature to turn over to it for park purposes the tract known as Camp Northern. Grading and building of a lake in League Island Park, Philadelphia, has been completed and contracts have been let for road making, laying out an athletic field, administration build- ing, shelter houses and an imposing entrance. The report of the special commis- sion on parks and playgrounds ap- pointed by Mayor Bruce of Everett, Mass., provides for an expenditure of about $90,000 in acquiring and de- veloping a park system. Two large tracts are to be acquired, and several smaller ones. The lake in Burnet Woods, Cincin- nati, will be enlarged, and $1,000 ex- pended in equipping a playground there. The town board of Glen Cove, L. L, will lay out a park adjoining the court house. The Woman’s Improvement Club of Vallejo, Cal., has raised $400 as the nucleus of a fund for the purchase of a public park. The committee on Parks and Muni- cipal Art, of the Brooklyn League, Broolyn, N. Y., is considering raising a fund of $4,000,000 by voluntary as- sessment of property owners to ex- tend the park system of Brooklyn, which is far behind Manhattan in park area. The Plainfield Park Association of Plainfield, N. J., has offered that city a 70-acre tract for a public park. The park board of Louisville, Ky., has started condemnation proceed- ings to acquire a tract of 57 acres on the Ohio river between Fontaine Fer- ry and Shawnee parks. H. C. Frick will present to the city of Pittsburg a 100 acre tract in the ,Gunn Hill district for a park. The park board of Rochester, N. Y. has acquired land for a new entrance to Gennesee Valley Park. George E. Kessler of Kansas City, Mo., has submitted plans for a park system for Hamilton, O. It calls for the expenditure of $400,000 to be raised by an issue of 3j4. per cent park bonds to run thirty and fifty years. ( Continued on page XII ) MR. FRENCH’S NEW MONUMENTAL RELIEFS Monumental reliefs combined with well studied archi- tectural effects, have lent a variety to recent memorial art that has quite happily relieved the monotony of the succes- sion of conventional portrait figures whose local or his- toric importance cannot always atone for their uninterest- ing character as works of art. The possibilities of relief sculpture in bronze or stone in combination with a setting of some one of the fine colored marbles or granites, offer rare opportunity for the collaboration of sculptor, architect and monument builder, that is too seldom realized to its fullest extent. In this field of high relief may be combined the monumental effects of heroic proportions, the pic- torial delicacy of background and decoration, and the grace- ful dignity of good archi- tecture. The two classic American examples that have realized to a remarkable ex- tent all the effects of these combined arts, are the Saint- Gaudens Shaw memorial in Boston, and Mr. Daniel Ches- ter French’s Millmore me- morial in the same city, more widely known in its many photographic reproductions as “Death and the Sculptor.” Of the two, Mr. French’s is the more simply and broadly conceived, and has a wider and more intimate human ap- peal. While these two ex- amples have been criticised as “pictorial,” rather than sculptural, this academic dis- tinction may be left to the critics, with the knowledge that these two works have done more for the art life of the people than all the strictly “sculptural,” stiff bronze statesmen, and monu- mental equestrian soldiers that have been produced. Mr. French is today the leader in the production of these monumental-architec- tural reliefs. Two distin- guished examples recently shown in these pages, were the Melvin Memorial in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Tarrytown, N. Y., and the Parkman in Boston, both of which were panels sunken into the central members of an exedra. Both were intaglio reliefs, that is, reliefs sunken into the stone, a very unusual and difficult effect that makes the figures appear as if emerging from the stone. They were executed in pink Tennessee marble, a very hard material that lends itself readily to the rendering of subtle sculptured details. His A. R. Meyer monument, recently unveiled in Kansas City, in memory of the first president of the Park Com- mission, takes the form of a monumental tablet of Ten- nessee marble in which a full length bronze portrait in high relief is set into the marble. At one side, in low relief, rises a tree, the foliage of which somewhat more re- lieved, appears above, bal- ancing well with the faintly shown potted plant on a table, beside which the sub- ject is standing. He has risen from the examination of a map, and holds in his hand a field glass, prepara- tory to surveying the land- scape. It is one of those re- fined, perfectly balanced and carefully executed composi- tions that Mr. French may al- ways be trusted to execute, and is an interesting and worthy successor to his Mel- vin and Parkman. The marble work was ex- ecuted by Piccirilli Brothers of . New York City, and the bronze cast by Jno. Williams, Inc., of New York. The architectural framework is delicately carved with wreaths, a floral band, and in- verted torches, in admirable harmony with the whole com- position, but subordinated to the central relief. The me- morial stands in a carefully chosen site on the Paseo, Kansas City’s show boule- vard. It is about 18 ft. high, by 8 ft. wide and ft. thick,, a graceful, well-balanced com- position throughout. A. R. METER MONUMENT, KANSAS CITY, MO. Daniel Chester French, Sc. 7 7 I’AliK AND CEMETERY. The long array of fine monuments that have been erected to the memory of William McKinley have been illustrated and described in these pages at various times in the past few years. The last of the public monuments to his memory is the one in South Brandywine Park, Wilmington, Del., which, in its simplicity and unique set- ting. is strikingly different from the elaborate statues that have been erected to AIcKinley. It is a simple undeco- rated monumental tablet of granite in which are set two bronze reliefs, one a portrait medallion, and the other a representation of a war scene in which President McKin- ley, as a young volunteer, is shown bringing water to a wounded comrade. It has been given a very effective and unusual setting in an alcove of boulders, built into the side of a hill by the park commission. It was particularly proper that a memorial to Gen. S. D. Lee should be the first Confederate memorial to be established at the National Military Park at Vicksburg, for General Lee was a member of the Park Commission and was closely associated with Captain William G. Rigby in the direction of laying out of the grounds. Henry Hud- son Kitson, the sculptor of the statue, was a close personal friend of the ex-confederate, whose death occurred about a year ago. The model was completed early in May at the artist’s studio, Quincy, Massachusetts. It is 9 ft. high. It re- presents General Lee as he stood at a critical moment in the siege of Vicksburg, when his division was stand- ing up against the assault that resulted in killing or wounding more than half his men. The monument erected by the National Government at a cost of $50,000 to commemmorate the valor of the reg- ular troops at Gettysburg, was unveiled by President Taft on Memorial Day in the presence of a large gathering. It is a simple obelisk of good proportion, 85 feet high, with a substantial architectural treatment at the base, and was designed and erected by William B. Van Amringe, of the Van Ambringe Granite Co., of Boston. President Taft, on his unveiling trip to Gettysburg, also dedicated the monument to General Hartranft and his Pennsylvania troops that took part in the siege of Peters- burg, Va. The memorial stands at Fort Mahone, near Petersburg, and is an imposing obelisk of rock-faced gran- ite, 60 ft. high, in front of which stands a spirited bronze statue of a color bearer modeled by F. Wellington Ruck- stuhl. The memorial was erected by the state of Penn- sylvania. The soldiers’ monument unveiled at Salisbury, N. C., May 10, is one of the most imaginative and appealing sculptural conceptions in America. It is a replica, with certain minor changes, of the well-known “Spirit of the Confederacy” in Baltimore, which has been illustrated in these pages, and is the work of F. Wellington Ruckstuhl, who has achieved a conception of great poetic feeling and executed it with rare sculptural charm and monu- mental dignity. STEPHEN D. LEE MONUMENT O'N VICKSBURG BATTLEFIELD. H. H. Kitson, Sc. McKINLEr MEMORIAL. WILMINGTON, DEL J. E. Kelly, Sc. PARK AND CEMETERY. 78 CYPRESS LAWN, SAN FRANCISCO, and its MONUMENTS Cypress Lawn, San Francisco’s great rural cemetery, whose landscape features have previously been de- scribed in these pages, has some of the most elaborate and imposing me- morials found anywhere in America, and some of the most careful pro- visions for their erection and care. Cypress Lawn is at Colma, in San Mateo County, ten miles from San Francisco, betw'een the Home of Peace (Jewish) and the Holy Cross (Catholic) Cemeteries. It completes a line of cemeteries a mile and a quar- ter in length. The San Bruno Moun- tains rise immediately to the rear, making a picturesque and striking scene. The land is rolling and rises gently from the county road to the rear line of an elevation of one hun- dred and seventy-five feet, which in- sures good drainage. From each sec- tion one gets a good view of the whole cemetery. The contour of the ground gives the landscape architect every chance to make it beautiful, and strong effort is made to accomplish this end. The soil is of a sandy loam about eighteen inches deep, under which is hardpan, which enables graves to be dug perpendicular, smooth and perfectly dry. The cemetery is . laid out on the lawn plan and every lot is sold with the distinct understanding that the purchaser will pay thirty-three and one-third per cent in addition to the cost of the lot to the Cypress Lawn Cemetery Association for the perpet- ual care of the lot. This money goes into a general fund and is invested by the trustees, and the interest only of the fund is applied to the care of the lots. The cemetery is managed by nine trustees elected by the lot own- ers, each one from a different relig- ious denomination or faith, as it is the intention to have the cemetery strictly non-sectarian. The administration structures in- clude an elaborate gateway, a conven- ient office, a beautiful chapel and re- ceiving vault, a crematory, a colum- barium, and a large pumping plant. There is an artificial lake, supplied by artesian wells, and a greenhouse and nursery. Single graves range in price from $15 to $30, with perpetual care, and family plots from $75 up, exclusive of perpetual care. The fee for incineration, including plain copper receptacle for the ashes, use of chapel, organ service, etc., is fifteen dollars. The niches in the co- lumbarium range from $25 to $90, with 33% per cent for perpetual care of the niches and the building. No copings or lot enclosures are allowed, and the erection of high mon- uments is discouraged. The planting of roses in groups is particularly recommended, for this CHAPEL IN CYPRESS LAWN CEMETERY, SAN FRANCISCO. 79 PARK AND CEMETERY CYPRESS AVENUE AND LAWN VIEW, CYPRESS LAWN CEMETERY, SAN FRANCISCO. INTERIOR OF RECEIVING VAULT, CYPRESS LAWN CEMETERY, SAN FRANCISCO. PARK AND CEMETERY. 80 method of planting prevents materi- ally the encroachment on the lawn and gives the roses every chance to grow. Borders of boxwood and simi- lar modes of embellishment of graves are discouraged. The cemetery was fortunate in se- curing a tract of land with a heavy growth of eucalyptus, these protect- ing the young and tender trees and shrubs that will ultimately displace the gums. The natural beauties of the location have been enhanced by the planting of many varieties of foli- age, the continued care of the lawn and soil, the construction and oiling of substantial stone roadways and the expert landscape development. Mounds are restricted to four inches in height, and all foundations are built by the cemetery. Mausoleums may be constructed, with the permission of the trustees, only on lots sold with that especial privilege. The designs must be ex- ceptionally good and the construction solid, practical and thorough. It is recommended that the receptacles be not less than seven feet, six inches long, thirty-two inches wide, and twenty-six inches high, allowing inter- ments to be made separately, and closely sealed with an inner or double shutter. From each receptacle a lead drain pipe must lead to the earth be- neath. All foundations for monuments must be at least as wide and as long as the base stones resting on them. A preliminary outline of the pro- gram for the annual meeting of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents in New York city September 14, 15 and 16, has been prepared, and while details are not yet arranged and are still subject to change, the order of events will be about as follows: Headquarters will be at the Hotel Astor, Broadway and 44th street, and the convention will be opened by an address of welcome, delivered prob- ably by the Mayor of Greater New York, responded to by one of the of- ficers of the Association, followed by the president’s address, reports of the secretary and treasurer, communica- and must not project above the surface of the ground. All foundations must extend as low as the bottom of the grave. The area of foundation for monument must not exceed 4 per cent of the area, on lot containing 200 square feet or less; nor more than 3 per cent of area on larger lot. Only one monument is permitted on a fam- ily burial lot, and that must be in the center of the lot, except on lots of irregular shape, when the superin- tendent shall determine. No monu- ment, headstone or vase, and no por- tion of any vault above ground, shall be constructed of other material than cut stone or real bronze. No arti- ficial material will be permitted. The trustees wish, as far as possible, to discourage the building of vaults, be- lieving with the best landscape gar- deners of the day, that they are gen- erally injurious to the appearance of the ground, and unless constructed with great care are apt to leak, and are liable to rapid decay, and in the course of time to become unsightly ruins. Therefore, no vaults will be permitted to be built except on lots sold with that especial privilege. The designs must be submitted to the trustees, and will not be approved unless the structure would, in their judgment, be an architectural orna- ment to the cemetery. E. B. McPherson is superintendent at the cemetery, and H. H. Noble is managing director. The city offices are in the Union Square Building. tions, general business, various papers on subjects of importance and inter- est to the members of the association. The second day will be devoted to visiting the New York city park sys- tems and Woodlawn Cemetery, to- gether with luncheon and general discussions of interest. The third day will include a visit ■ to the Brooklyn park system, an ad- dress by the superintendent of the park department, luncheon, and a visit to Green-Wood Cemetery. The program, of course, is subject to change at the discretion of the committee, who are endeavoring to make the convention as interesting and as beneficial as possible. The local committee in charge is composed as follows: W. C. Grassau, “Green-Wood,” Brooklyn; Fred R. Diering, “Woodlawn,” New York; C. M. Chamberlain, “Mt. Olivet,” Mas- peth, L. I., and J. H. Cunningham, “Calvary,” Long Island City. Western members will be interested to know that the trunk line railroads are giving a tourist rate from Chi- cago to New York and return for .$25.50, good until October 1. OHIO AT SANDUSKY The Association of Ohio Cemetery ■Superintendents and Officials held the best meeting in its history at San- dusky, June 23 and 24. All of the subjects on the program were well presented and brought out interesting and helpful discussion. The meetings are increasing in interest and a larger number of new members were taken in this year than in any previous year. The first session opened with an address of welcome by William L. Fiesinger and the response by H. A. Church, of Urbana. Reports of of- ficers were submitted, showing a suc- cessful year for the association, com- mittees were appointed and adjourn- ment taken for dinner. The afternoon session was held in the chapel at Oakland Cemetery. It preceded an inspection of the ceme- tery and a visit to the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ home. At the evening session, two papers were read, one by Frederick Green, of Cleveland on “Grave Digging,” and another by John Perrin, of Toledo, on “The Seven Rs — Refractory Relatives Require Resolute Reasonable Re- straining Rules.” The final session was held in the Cedar Point opera house Thursday morning. The convention adjourned sine die at noon and devoted the re- mainder of the day to recreation. These new officers were elected: President, E. A. Sloan, Marion; vice- president, L. L. Cline, Dayton; sec- retary-treasurer, G. C. Anderson, Sid- ne3^ The association voted to meet next in Canton, O., the third week of June, 1910. The feature of the morning’s dis- cussion was a general condemnation of the bargain store plan of selling the patent concrete mausoleums. Sev- eral companies have agents canvassing small towns and selling the patent rights in these structures to local agents. The cemetery men declared that most of them were cheaply built. Continued on page XIII) OUTLINE OF PROGRAM 81 PARK AND CEMETERY. EVOLUTION in LOT PLANS Harmony Grove Cemetery, Salem, Mass., is historic enough to have a monument to a member of Wash- ington’s body guard, modern enough to sell no lots without perpetual care, and original enough to have an appropriate name that is not repeated in the country. It was called Harmony Grove because of the number of song birds and wild flowers found within its pre- cincts, a name happily chosen and unique. On February 19, 1840, the cemetery was incorporated under the name of the Proprietors of the Harmony Grove Cemetery, and on June 14th of that year the dedication took place. During the years of its exist- ence it has steadily maintained its prestige as one of the most beautiful plots of ground set aside for cemetery uses in this country. The changes of the ideas which advancing years have brought in laying out and beautifying of lots are well shown in the dif- TYPE OF LOTS, 1840-1860; HARMONY GROVE CEMETERY, ferent sections; the family tomb was the first and per- haps will always be the highest type of burfal place, the lots surrounded by an iron or chain fence were also of an early type; later came the time of mounds surrounded by a granite curbing more or less elab- orate; now a plain lawn is considered the most desir- able. The simple grave-stone of the first epoch is returning, varied by an occasional cross of Ionic or other design and the elaborate monument once pop- ular is happily becoming a thing of the past. Examples of these various epochs are well shown in the illus- trations, which are from the book of rules, by-laws, and other information recently issued. Harmony Grove has had but four superintendents: Thomas Cruickshank, who served two years; Henry Creesy, who served six years; Charles Creesy, who served thirty-two years, and George W. Creesy, who, for the past twenty-eight years, has faithfully looked after the proprietors’ interests. TYPE OP LOTS, 1860-1890. PARK AND CEMETERY. 82 CEMETERY LA The Omaha Desecration Case The supreme court of Nebraska has reversed, on the appeal of Calla- han vs. State, 119 Northwestern Re- porter, 467, the conviction of the ap- pellant (defendant in the court be- low) of assisting and procuring a grave digger, Clark, to dig up and dis- inter the remains of an unknown per- son without the knowledge of the rel- atives and without lawful authority. The defendant was the superintendent of a cemetery in Omaha, which had been in existence for many years, and was incorporated in 1892. Prior to the incorporation the cem- etery was uninclosed, and while inter- ment had been made for many years in and about the cemetery grounds, no records had been kept and many graves were unmarked and undistin- guishable from the surrounding ground. The evidence showed that at the place where the new grave was dug and the old one in question dis- turbed there was no indication that the ground had ever been disturbed, and that neither the digger nor the defendant superintendent knew that there had been an interment. The evi- dence also showed that the superin- tendent had no knowledge that any remains had been disinterred or dis- turbed by the grave digger until a long time afterward. The state based its case, therefore, upon the proposi- tion that prior to this time the defend- ant, as superintendent, had given the digger certain general instructions as to what he should do in the event that he should come upon human remains, and that what was done in this in- stance was done in compliance with the general instructions, and that since the defendant gave such instruc- tions, he aided the digger to disinter the remains and thereby committed the crime. But conceding the state’s conten- tion that general directions may ren- der one giving them guilty of a spe- cific crime, it will be seen, the court says, that the defendant’s guilt under these circumstances rested entirely upon the proposition that his general instructions to the digger directed him to do the acts complained of. However, the evidence relied on was not as to the grave the desecration of which was charged, but referred to another grave which the digger dug in which remains were found. The digger’s testimony fell short of establishing the fact that any general instructions were ever given to him W AS SEEN BY by the defendant which authorized the removal and reinterment of the re- mains found in the excavation de- scribed. In a prosecution against the super- intendent of a cemetery for unlawfully assisting and procuring another to disinter human remains, where the evidence is that the accused had no knowledge of the disinterment, and the state relies upon general instruc- tions to a person employed as a grave digger as constituting the inciting and assisting act, instructions in another and a particular instance are not suf- ficient to support a conviction. And the evidence set forth in the opinion in this case is held not to have con- stituted such instructions to a laborer as to warrant a conviction m a case where it was shown that no knowl- edge of the disinterment was had by the superintendent until some time after the act had been performed. The nature of the testimony was such as to shock the minds of all nor- mally constituted persons, and it was likely to excite hostility and prejudice in the minds of the jurors toward any person accused of being guilty of such acts or their procurement. There was the more reason, therefore, that the evidence by which it was sought to establish a connection of the accused with the principal act should be closely scrutinized; and, if it failed to establish such connection, the case should not have been permitted to go to the jury. The court adds that, while it can- not sustain this conviction, it thinks enough was shown in the case to jus- tify the belief that the authorities in charge of the cemetery had not exer- cised the careful supervision and con- trol over their employes which is nec- essary where new burials are made in an old cemetery. It is very probable that this prosecution may serve a use- ful purpose by ending a careless and unlawful practice. Legacy for Perpetual Care Refused by Town The supreme court of Rhode Island says that in the case of Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co. vs. Town Council of Warwick, 71 Atlantic Reporter, 644, the trust company, as executor of the will of Henry W. Greene, late of Warwick, filed what is called a bill in equity, asking the court for instruc- tions. The bill recited that the testa- tor made a bequest to the Town Council -of Warwick of $500, the in- come of which was to be applied to THE COURTS the ornamenting and keeping in re- pair of his burying-ground forever. But the town council, after repeated offers from the trust company to pay the legacy, declined to accept it. As argued by counsel for the trust company this legacy was plainly a private, as distinguished from a pub- lic or charitable, trust, and would be clearly void for perpetuity, and would fall into the residue and go to the residuary legatees, or be distributed as intestate to the next of kin, but for the Rhode Island statute reading: “Such town councils may take and hold to them and their successors in office, all such lands within their re- spective towns, as shall be conveyed to them in trust for burial purposes, and, in like manner, may receive and hold all funds that shall be conveyed to them for the purpose of ornament- ing or keeping in repair such burial lots or any other burial lots within their respective towns, and execute said trusts in accordance with the terms contained in the instruments of conveyance.” The question therefore was; Did the statute save the legacy, so that the court could, by the appointment of a new trustee, or in any other way, provide for its administration. The court is of the opinion that the statute did save it. But in the present condition of the law the court holds that it has neither power to compel the town council to accept the trust nor to appoint a new trustee to act in their place. As the statute has made provision for such a perpetual trust a testator has a right to avail himself of such provision by means of a legacy to a town council for such uses in his last will. A valid trust having been created by the will, the fact that the trustee named has hitherto declined to act does not in- validate the trust. Furthermore, the fact that several successive town councils of the town have declined to accept the legacy does not preclude the possibility that the present or some future council may accept it. Considering this possibility, and the inability of the complainant to settle its account, the court is of the opinion that the complainant may be per- mitted to pay the sum into the regis- try of the court, in order that the complainant may be permitted to settle its account and be relieved from further responsibility in respect to this fund, and that opportunity may be given the town to accept it. 83 PARK AND CEMETERY. )l- ...... ^ */ s • CEntTERY NOTES w^. The annual report of Woodlawn Cemetery, Winona, Minn., calls atten- tion to the building of two new roads and a new greenhouse at a total cost of $3,979, and the grading of 1,300 sq. ft. of new ground. The general fund receipts were $12,315 and $1,659 was added to the permanent care and im- provement fund which now amounts to $50,665. There were 115 inter- ments. Charles Horton is president of the Association and J. E. Thomp- son, superintendent. * * * At the annaual meeting of Taco- ma Cemetery, Tacoma, Wash., an ad- dition of $15,029 was reported to the “irreducible fund,” which is protected by state law for the perpetual care of the grounds. An especial effort is being made to increase this fund which now amounts to $100,021. The receipts for the year amounted to $40,831 and the expenditures to $19,- 518. George A. Hill is superintend- ent. * * In the petition of the Embarrass Cemetery Association, Paris, 111., for leave to institute proceedings to con- demn certain lands for cemetery pur- poses belonging to Hannah Roll, Judge Lamon refused to grant the petition. Steps have been taken by the Hill Grove Cemetery Company, Connells- ville. Pa., to break up loafing in the cemetery at night and the stealing of flowers and plants from the graves. Numerous complaints recently that graves were being despoiled caused the company to secure the services of an officer to break up the practice. * * * The Department of the Interior of Mexico has under consideration plans for the erection of a repository near the Dolores Cemetery, Mexico City, where the ashes of cremated bodies will be kept. The crematories which are now being operated in that cem- etery are working satisfactorily and a large number of bodies, over 500, of unknown persons or of persons whose relatives have failed to claim their remains, have been cremated. * * * At a recent meeting of the Liver- pool, England, City Council to con- sider the adoption of a scale of charges and regulations for the gov- ernment of the cemeteries under the control of the Corporation, a warm discussion was developed on the ques- tion of artificial and other permanent decorations on graves, which appears to have been misunderstood by the florists, grave owners and others af- fected. Sentiment, of course, had its share in the discussion and was duly considered. The regulations were passed without the obnoxious provis- ions. Later a deputation of florists and others waited upon the Burials Committee, which resulted in an amendment satisfactory to . all and which reads as follows: “The Cor- poration is prepared to enter into agreements to plant flowers, shrubs, etc., on graves, and to keep the same in order for a period or in perpetuity on terms to be agreed upon. No per- son shall be permitted to plant flow- ers, shrubs, etc., on any graves in any of the cemeteries under the control of the Corporation without first obtain- ing an official permit so to do from the Corporation officer in charge at the cemetery. No person shall be permitted to place light or fragile ar- ticles On graves in any of the ceme- teries under the control of the Cor- poration without first obtaining an of- ficial permit from the Corporation of- ficer in charge at the cemetery, but this provision shall not apply to cut flowers or wreaths of a neat or de- corous description. The Corporation shall be at liberty to remove from graves any movable articles which shall be broken or have become un- sightly, and any flowers which shall be withered and unsightly.” CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS The Prospect Cemetery Association, Mansfield, Pa., has bought an addi- tional trace of land for Hope Ceme- tery, which is to be named Prospect Cemetery. Grove Cemetery, Naugatuck, Conn., has just completed 200 feet of rustic w'all along the front of the grounds. F. W. Tolies, superintendent, writes that they have had many requests for copies of their booklet from which some illustrations were recently shown in Park and Cemetery, and it will be sent, to any one desiring it. William Allen is in the midst of a busy season of improvement work at Homewood Cemetery, Pittsburg, and estimates tljat his season’s work will cost $125,000. The work will include laying 5,000 feet of water pipes, build- ing miles of drives and the erec- tion of new stables, greenhouses, and much road building. They have just bought a new ten ton motor road roller, and $500 worth of nursery stock was purchased this spring. R. D. Palmateer, superintendent of the Waterford Rural Cemetery,' Wat- erford, N. Y., has completed extensive improvements in the grounds. They have about $8,000 in the perpetual care fund, and good results have been at- tained under Mr. Palmateer’s manage- ment. Last year he was instrumental in starting a movement for the rehab- ilitation of an old cemetery in Troy, N. Y. A fund of $10,000 was raised and the work done thoroughly and now the city is to appropriate $1,500 a year for its care. Beatrice Cemetery, Beatrice, Neb., will expend about $1,500 in erecting a new granite entrance. Walter D. Hill is secretary. The Evangelical Lutheran Geth- semane Association which recently bought a 40-acre cemetery tract on Gratiot avenue, Detroit, has elected Herman Schroeter president, and Gus- tave Gaste secretary. Mt. Calvary Cemetery, Kankakee, 111., will spend $2,000 in improve- ments to include the building of roads and erecting an iron fence and gate- way. Calvary Cemetery, Fond du Lac, Wis., will build a new receiving vault and a waiting room . L. B. Root of Kansas City, Mo., will prepare the landscape plans for the new Mission Cemetery at San Antonio, Tex., which is to be laid out on the modern lawn plan. David K. Furnish is president of the associa- tion, T. N. Smith secretary and W. H. Chambers superintendent. A new iron fence will be erected and other improvements made in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Streator, 111. West Branch Cemetery, Colrain, Mass., is being rehabilitated and mod- ernized. Alex Briggs has bought 24 acres adjoining Mound Cemetery, Charles- ton, 111., and is to lay out a modern cemetery there. St. Mary’s Cemetery, Red Bluff, Cal., has been resurveyed and an ad- dition plotted. Augusta, Ga., has passed a new or- dinance abolishing the fee system in the office of the superintendent of burials and placing that office on a salary basis, all fees being turned in to the city. The cemetery of the Mt. Hope PARK AND CEMETERY. 84 Methodist Episcopal church, Chester, Pa., will build a new road. Oak Hill Cemetery, Butler, Mo., is being cleaned up and modernized. The Ladies’ Cemetery Association has assisted materially in the work. Feltis Memorial Chapel was re- cently dedicated in Sand Flats Ceme- tery, Amsterdam, N. Y. The Oroville Cemetery Association, Oroville, Cal., will build a new fence at a cost of $1,000. Mrs. George W. Braden and Mrs. John Woodall are in charge of the matter. The city council of Norfolk, Va., has appropriated $15,197 for the en- largement of Calvary Cemetery, a tract for colored people. The town of Willimantic, Conn., has appropriated $5,000 for the pur- chase of land for a new cemetery. Preparations are being made to make the new Knollwood Cemetery on the Mayfield Road, Cleveland, O., one of the finest in the country. There are 170 acres, to be laid out by Paul Heinze, Landscape Gardener. D. C. McIntyre is president of the company, W. F. Reese, secretary, and C. F. Heinig of New York, general man- ager. Woodlawn Cemetery, Green Bay, Wis., will lay out a new addition on the lawn plan. The City Council of Colorado Springs, Colo., has authorized the erection of a mortuary chapel in Evergreen Cemetery. Supt. Henry La Crosse of Notre Dame Cemetery, Worcester, Mass., is planning extensive improvements in the grounds to include the laying out of a number of new sections. Hollywood Cemetery, Houston, Texas, will raise $7,500 for improve- ments by a bond issue. Johnstown Cemetery, Gloversville, N. Y., will erect a new entrance gate. Mt. Royal Cemetery Co., Montreal, Canada, will soon open a new ceme- tery at Bout de I’lsle and will operate a funeral car from the city to the grounds.' The Mt. Hope Cemetery, Roches- ter, N. Y., is soon to be served by bus line, which starts from both entrances and reaches any part of the grounds. Application has been made by Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, for the condemnation of twenty blocks of land in a 40-acre tract adjoining the grounds. Hill Crest Cemetery, a 60-acre tract at Waterloo, Iowa, is to be laid out according to plans now being made by Howard Evarts Weed of Chicago. W. D. Johnson is president. \7^HEN you clean ^ ^ your walks and roads of weeds, do it thoroughly. Don’t be misled by plausible words to use anything for this purpose but the best and cheapest. There are other so- called weed killers, but “HERBICIDE” the original weed exterm- inator will most effectively and lastingly do the work. Here’s some of the evi- dence : “Please send us one keg of your “Electric Worm Eradicator.” Think we have enough “HERBI- CIDE” to do us for the season. Will want an- other barrel in the spring. Have tried other makes, but find none to equal **HERB1CIDE.” MR. J. A. READ, S apt. Canton Cemetery Canton, O. Send for full particulars or order direct from Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. The Heosier Cennnt Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentees & ■’f'rs, Tliorntown, Ind. Notice to Bridge Engineers Architects and Builders The Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, Minnesota, being about to connect by waterways the lakes of its Park System, is desirous of securing designs, detail plans, specifications and estimates for several bridges which shall be of such design as will suit the sur- roundings. For the purpose of obtaining such de- signs and plans from expert bridge engi- neers and architects, the Board offers $1,500 in three prizes, as follows: First Prize, $800 Second Prize, 500 Third Prize, 200 The lakes to be connected by canals or waterways are three in number and are in a choice residential section of the city. They are encircled by park ways, the banks are beautifully wooded, and in their build- ing it is desired to construct the highest possible type of Park Bridges, such as will be beautiful and in harmony with the surroundings. It is hoped that the oppor- tunity afforded for monumental work will, even more than the prizes offered, induce tue best bridge architects and engineers of the country to enter into this competition. Prospective competitors can secure full information by addressing the Board. Designs and plans will be received by the Board until September 1, 1909, at 5 p.m. The bridges are to be of concrete, stone, or a combination of both. Address Board of Park Commissioners Minneapolis, Minnesota and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees. Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted— Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence In the World. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of goods. BakerEkoe. & Co. Tiffin, 0. 85 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are li ted btlow, and referred to by abbre- viations, thus: S. L. 8:67-8, Peb.09, means: Suburban Life. vol. 8. pates 67 8, Kebtuary, 1909. Single copies siiould be ordered direct from the publicatioi s at arid' esses givr n below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED American Botanist, Joiiet, lii. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G. ), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architecturai Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; lOc copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.50 year; 20o copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35o copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr,), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange. New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5o. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.0.0 year; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, lOo. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds Boston’s 1915 Movement, by P. V. Kellogg. Illust. Sur. 22:382-95. June 5. Dwarf Apple Trees and Their Ad- vantages. Illust. C. C. A. 9;68. June. Entertaining Out of Doors. Illust. S. L. 9:13. July. Greenhouses on Small Country Es- tates, by F. E. Gates. Illust. G. C. A. 9:65-7. June. New York City; Why New York Needs a City Plan. Sur. 22:547-8. July 10. Gardens and Landscape Gardening English Effects with Long-Lived Bulbs, by Wilhelm Miller. Illust. G. M. 9:343-7. July. English Gardens, How to See, by Wil- helm Miller. C. L. A. 16:236. June. Fragrant Foliage and Flowers, by J. Williams. Illust. G. M. 9:332-4. July. Front Yards, by H. Maatz. G. K, 11:98-101. June. (German). Landscape Design of Modern Gar- dens. Illust. G. K. (German) 11:102-5. June. Landscape Architecture, Monumental Work of; Boston Metropolitan Parks, by Sylvester Baxter. Illust. Arch. Rec. '25:389-99. June. AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt, Germany (German), G. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.00 year; single copv. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 5c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and Garden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.U0 year; 50c copy. - independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, lOc. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c conw Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French, $4.50 year; 60c copy. Scientific American, New York (Scl. Am.), $3.0.0 year; lOo copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, 10c. Outdoor Theater in a Castle Garden at Hanover. Illust. G. K. (Ger- man.) 11:95-98. June. Ten Thousand at Play, by G. R. Tay- lor. Illust. Sur. 22:365-73. June 5. Water Scenery, by’ Frederick Moore. Illust. Hort. 9:861. June 19. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds At Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y., by John Dunbar. Gard. 290-1. June 15. Bituminous Materials for Roads and Streets. M. E. 37:20-3. July. Cement in Road Building. G. R. M. 10:185-8. June. Concave Surface for Roadways Sug- gested. G. R. M. 10:193. June. Planting in Prospect Park, New York. A. F. 32:1008. June 12.' Road Construction, Labor Saving Machines for. Illust. G. R. M. 10:189-93. June. Roses, Outdoor and How to Grow Them, by E. Meyer. M. H. 37:228- 34. June. Tarring Macadam Roads, Materials for. M. E. 37:18-19. July. Trees, Shrubs and Plants Hardy Herbaceous Perennials. A. F. 32:1122. June 26. Insects, Some Troublesome. G. C. A. 9:71. June. Nurserymen, National Association of, 34th Annual Convention. N. N. 17:203-18. July. Saving the Big Trees, by F. Strother. Illust. World’s Work. June. Sa.xifrages, Story of. Illust. W. A. Squires. -A.. B. 15:33-5. May, 1909. Seed Trade Assn., Annual Convention of. A. F. 33:1113-18. June 26. Seeds and Seedlings, Experiments with, by W. N. Clute. A. B. 15:35-8. May, 1909. Sweet Peas Since 1900, by T. A. Wes- ton. Illust. F. E. 27:877-8. June 12. Trees and Shrubs at Rochester, N._Y., by’ John Dunbar. A. F. 32:1028. June 12. What it Would IHean to the Nation if City Folk and Farmers Would Plant Trees. Cr. 16:364-6 June. REPORTS, ETC, RECEIVED The most encouraging evidence of the civic awakening to the opportuni- ties of scientific and beautiful city building is to be found in the series of inspiring city plan reports that have been prepared by experts for different cities as noted in these pages from time to time. The latest of these is the “Preliminary Report for a City Plan for Grand Rapids, Mich.” recently prepared by Arnold W. Brunner and John M. Carrere of New York. It is thorough and com- prehensive in treatment, beautifully printed and profusely illustrated with helpful pictures and plans, showing not only the opportunities that lie before Grand Rapids, but how other cities in this country and abroad have utilized similar opportunities. Some of the subjects treated are: Streets and Open Places, Height of Build- ings, Railroad Plaza, Civic Center, the River, Boulevards and Parkways, Parks and Hillsides, Playgrounds, Housing Conditions, What Other Cit- ies Are Doing, etc. Grand Rapids has done a fine thing in thus providing an adequate guide for its future growth along lines of civic beauty, and other cities of the 100,000 class who are preparing to be the great cities of tomorrow can find a lesson in this way of getting ready to be better and more beautiful as well as bigger. “Meadow Fescue, its Culture and Uses”; Farmers’ Bulletin 361, from U. S. Department of Agriculture; also Farmers’ Bulletin 360 oiT “Ex- periment Station Work.” Field Experiments, 1906-08; Bulle- tin No. 167, Maine Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Orono, Me. Alas.sachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.; Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2, May, 1909, 46th annual report. . ■'J.Kj^S.Li^-i'fc. jjs Michigan Boulevard, Chicago, iTarviated Macadam Road which shows no need of repair or resurfacing after two years of hard wear THE SUCCESS OF TARVIA IN CHICAGO The City of Chicago has a splendid series of boulevards, most of which are paved with macadam and have become great automobile thoroughfares. A few years ago the maintenance cost of the macadam on these roads became excessive. New surfacing would be stripped off by the automobile within a few months, and the con- tinual renewal made it a question whether the use of macadam on these boulevards should be continued. At the same time adjoining property suffered by reason of great clouds of dust, and continual water sprinkling failed to abate the nuisance. The use of tarvia has completely changed the situation. After a thorough trying-out in various experimental stretches, it is now used in vast quantities with great satisfaction to property owners, automobilists and Road Commissioners. The principal stretches of tar- viated macadam are on Grand Boulevard, Oakwood Boulevard, Drexel Boulevard, Garfield Boulevard, and Jackson Park, the total area being upward of 250,000 yards. In addition to this, 5,000 square yards of walk in Washington Park have been treated with tarvia. The effect of tarvia on macadam boulevards is that of a powerful binder which cements the fine stone in a tough, rubber-like matrix from which automobile tires cannot tear it loose. A single application lasts for a season or more and shows beneficial results for several years. Not only is the dust nuisance abated, but the cost of maintenance has been greatly re- duced. To-day the retaining of macadam on these boulevards is not questioned. Booklets illustrating tarviated roads all over the country free on request Barrett Manufacturing Company New York Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia Pittsburg Boston St. L/Ouis Kansas City New Orleans Cleveland London, Eng. VI PARK AND CEMETERY. ESTABLISHED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parks, Cemeteries, Public and Private Grounds Published on the 15th of the Month by R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago EDITORS John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription, $1.00 a Year. PUBLISHER’S NOTES The habits of ground moles and di- rections for catching these destruct- ive little animals are given in a cir- cular issued by George W. Heartley, manufacturer, 900-908 Summit street, Toledo, Ohio. The Heartley trap was given a severe test in Oakwoods Cem- etery, Adrian, Mich., by Supt. Frank E. Wilbee, who found it made good the claims of superiority of the manu- facturer. The Lansing Wheelbarrow Com- pany, Lansing, Mich., manufacture the lawn cart for carrying leaves and for other uses about parks and cemeter- ies, shown above. They are also manufacturers of all styles of wheel- LANSING LAWN CART. barrows. Their plant at Lansing, Mich., covers twelve acres and a great variety of these goods are turned out. For the convenience of their custom- ers they have established warehouses in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis, and San Francisco. A catalog of the goods they manufacture will be sent on ap- plication. Howard Evarts Weed, of Chicago, on his western trip, recently noted in these pages, delivered an illustrated lecture at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on “A More Beautiful Cedar Rapids.” He considered briefly the general subject of civic improvements and city beauti- fication with a detailed discussion of landscape gardening as applicable to the city, the park and the individual home. Bellett Lawson, Jr., formerly secre- tary of the Buffalo Rural Cemetery, For Results in Cemetery or Park Work write H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect and Engineer Rockford, 111. Booklet, " The Landscape Beautiful," mailed free Is Your Cemetery Satisfactory? Are you caring for it economically ? Is green grass the leading feature with shrubbery to give a proper set- ting to the monuments? IF NOT, then you need Howard Evarts W eed. Landscape Architect, 1715 Railway Exchange, Chicago, to modernize things for you. “The lot owners won’t let us” you say? If so, you have gone at it in the wrong way. You need Weed to give his stereopticon lecture — “More Beautiful Cemeteries” — in your town to point out the right way. By means of the stereopticon pictures the difference between the good and bad, between the graveyard and the mod- ern park cemetery is vividly shown. You are wasting your efforts in caring for the cemetery under present conditions. Get out of the rut. Wake up, even if you do have charge of dead people. Write Weed today and ke will send you some interesting literature. FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINJfEAPOUS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Desi^sor full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. BRIDGES Standard designs for reinforced concrete high- way bridges under 50 foot span, References and terms on request. WILBUR J. WATSON Mem. Am. Soc. 0. E. Expert Bridge Engineer Citizens Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio SID. J. HARE LAiNDSCAPE ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY. MO. 3224 Campbell Street The Improvement of Towns and Cities By Chturles Mulford Robinson A comprehensive and practical handbook on Civic Improvement by the leading authority in Amer- ica. “Invaluableforcityand town officials; it should be in the hands of every mayor, city engineer, park superintendent and even councilman.” — Municipal Journal and Rngineer. Price, posttaid, Si.SS PARK AND CEMETERY 324 Dearborn St., Chicago Planting Contracts We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants in America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty. We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and fark Organizations are invited to correspond relative to either Planning or Plant- ing, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NURSERY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City, Minn. 1200 Acres Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when yon write. 1,000 cemeteries: are using our method of keeping their records of Burials Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circulars sent on' request. R. J. Haight, Publisher, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago PARK AND CEMETERY. VII Save Your Trees! Thousands of trees are going into decay and dying each year from lack of proper knowledge and care. Every true American loves to see our country made more beautiful and we feel we can do our part in helping others by making a few suggestions and show- ing cuts of our work to help maintain the natural beauty of which we should be proud. Look this month at the trees around your parks, homes and cemeteries to see if you can find decayed holes, as in the accompanying photos. These trees were decayed before our men worked on them. READY FOR FILLING. Showing Metal Reinforcement and Scientific Method of Preparing Cavities. AN OLD MONARCH OAK. In the Oak Grove Cemetery at Uniontown, Pa. Repairing the Damage of the Lightning. One of our hardest problems is that of treating and restoring a tree after it has been shattered by electricity, but ordinarily, if a tree is taken in time it can be saved. It would not be natural to let a child die without making every effort to save it, so let us hold this same feeling as regards the sick trees, and in case you are puzzled about any of your trees, write us, and we will mail you one of our Illustrated Booklets free. Also, we will be pleased to make any inspection regarding same* Address DAVEY FORESTRY CO., LOCK BOX c KENT, OHIO VIII PARK AND CEMETERY. and engaged in the practice of land- scape architecture in that city, has been engaged to superintend and de- velop Elmwood Cemetery, Chicago, and will take up his new duties Aug- ust 1. Mr. Lawson expects to devote most of his time for several years to the development of the grounds, and systematizing the management of the tract, and will make his home in Chi- cago during that time. Mr. Lawson has recently invented a device for casting cement markers for lots, graves, etc., which he claims has solved the marker problem. The de- vice is simple in construction and easily operated. With it an intelli- gent workman can make from 10 to 50 numbered posts or markers 4j4xl5 inches, an hour. The device is adver- tised on another page and descriptive circulars will be sent on request. Ralph Wainwright, of New Britain, Conn., has been appointed superin- tendent of Walnut Hill Park in that city, and will begin his duties in that capacity September 1. Mr. Wainwright is a graduate of the Yale Forestry School and has made a special study of arboriculture and shrubbery. Owing to the fact that many people do not seem to understand the limit of general application and usefulness of the Fairmount Weed Killer, manu- factured by the Fairmount Chemical Laboratory of Philadelphia, the man- 'ufacturers think it necessary to make some explanation of its uses. This preparation will kill anything that grows. It was designed for paths, gutters and roadways, and it must be understood that it cannot be used otherwise except as an application for individual plants separately treated, unless the user can afford to wait from three to six months which is the shortest time within which the sterilitt' of the soil can be over- come after its use. It is this thor- oughness in eradicating everything that makes it valuable for roads and walks. The Fairmount was the first weed killer on the market and is wide- ly used in parks and cemeteries. CITY PLANNING {Continued from page 7i) closely in our city plans the physical situation and topography of our cities. The rectangular street systems and the colorless names, if the numbers can be called names, which are re- . peated from one end of the country to the other, regardless of natural features or local history, are indica- tions of our failure to embrace easy and economical opportunities to gain individuality in our cities and to make Large Stock of Choice Kosters Blue Spruce Intending purchasers will do well to inspect our stock .before ordering else- where. Ranging in size from 2 ft. to 7 ft. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J. The Steel Basket Co. 7 1 1 S. 3rd St. Cedar Rapids, la. Easy Dump Cart For Light Rubbish and Rakings Constructed entirely of Steel. No wood to warp, crack or break. Sizes 8 to 20 bushels. Sprinklers Built Especially for Use in Parks and Cemeteries. WIDE TIRES— STRONG GEARS— LIGHT DRAFT. Full stock always on hand. THE AUSTIN-WESTERN CO., Ltd., Send for large illustrated catalogue. CHICAGO, ILL. PARK AND CEMETERY. IX Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER Entirely- Perfected and Practical Steam Write for catalog-. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. ScTdHiS Buffalo Steam Roller Co, - Buffalo, N. Y, Scarifiers, etc. Eastem Offices ; 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City BUFFALO Pins Roller FIVE BOMGARDNER LOWERING DEVICES IN USE AT ONE FUNERAL THIS BURIAL OF FIVE BODIES, VICTIMS OF THE SALISBURY WRECK TOOK PLACE AT WATERLOO, N. Y. AUG. 7, 1906 No oth.er device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. "Write The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts., Cleveland, Ohio X PARK AND CEMETERY. them a fundamental form of expres- sion. There is failure, likewise, of the people to express themselves and their ideas. As our interest in hu- man life is in the distinctly personal, so is it in towns and cities. We need a local concept, a love and pride in local traditions and local ideas. Civic art furnishes the most available means to express these local customs and local aspirations, and only in expression do we truly possess them. One of the main obstacles to greater achievements in American cities is the cost. My final point, therefore, is to earnestly advocate a stopping of waste. Stopping waste, to my mind, however, does not mean primarily reduction of public expendi- ture, although there is a close rela- tion between moral reform and mate- rial progress. A more honest, eco- nomical and wiser expenditure is in- deed sorely needed and ultimately the change of policy proposed would lead here, as it has elsewhere, to a decided reduction in taxes. Germany has not only better housing, more parks, and greater provision for education, but also lower taxes. Yet at first we must effect our saving mainly' by prevent- ive measures and by a bold but well- considered and conservative invest- ment of capital. The main sources of this new wealth, the extent of which is beyond all estimate, is in the wiser husbanding of our aesthetic and hu- man as well as our natural resources in the promotion of health, in legis- lation that meets more successfully the needs of twentieth century city life, in doing things at the right time, especially as this applies to the pur- chase of land, and in doing things in the right way, using to our advantage science, art, skill and experience. By saving waste in these ways and by the timely investing (not spending) of public money in great enterprises, we shall be able to get without in- creased taxation many of the im- provements which we all now desire, but which we think we cannot afford. Fall Planting September — October — November PAnniAC Double Chinensis; order now. **'"_*''* 2 to 5 eye divisions. Splendid varieliesfor Parks, Cemeteries. Large or small grounds. Our list of 90 varieties for Fall Planting, now ready. Ask for it. All the best ones including the latest varieties. Phlnvpc Field-grown Hardy Phlox in I uiUAca ijegi; varieties, fine assort- ment of colors. I-!ope German, 8 best varieties. Japan, lliaca 6 best varieties. Spanish, 5 best varieties. 3 year clumps. Price list free. Address The Frank H. Wild Floral Co., Sarcozie, Mo Erected at Davenport, Iowa, in Central Park At the back of the ornamental houses are two bedding plant houses connected to the work room. The combining of the ornamental and practical this way is the tendency nowadays, and this group of houses is a fine example of how our Sectional Iron Frame Construction fills the bill. We do business by correspondence or personal representation, and will be glad to do it whichever way you want. We have a beautifully illustrated catalog. Lord & Burnham Company Irvington, New York New York Boston Philadelphia Chicago WHITE GLAZED TERRA-COXXA GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Pricea and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO.. Limaville. Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Galvanized Cast Iron Grave &Lot Marks "A Guarantee •with Every Mark" Marks for all BERGER MFG. CO. Catalog on Requirements ^227-4229 Fergus St., CINCINNATI, 0. Request Made 3 inch, 3}4 inch, 4 inch and 6 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under I C Uon... Ill patents No. 680t432 and 734,854, For circulars and prices. Address vJ»OttHScj V/dK r ftrKylll* Cemeteries West of Rockies, Address, Pasadena, Calif. PARK AND CEMETERY XI THE DODDRIDGE GRAVE LINING^ What some of our customers think of the Doddridge Grave Linings Board of Managers, Oak Ridge Cemetery. Springfield. 111., April 17, '09. To Whom it may Concern: We readily and willingly state, that this Board about three months ago, bought a small quantity of Doddridge Grave Linings, which were so satis- factory and acceptable to the patrons of the cem- etery. that today we gave a large order for these Grave Linings to the Doddridge Co. The Linings are easily and quickly handled and adjusted and everybody seems to like the draping effect it gives when the grave is lined; moreover they proved a source of profit to the cemetery. We cheerfully recommend these Linings to other Cemetery Boards and feel assured that they will prove equally satisfactory to them and their patrons. B. A. Lange, President. J. M. Gaup, Superintendent. WOODSIDE CEIVIETEBY ASSOCIATION. Jas. Lawrence, Pres. W. H. Johnson, Sec. J. M. Lanier. Supt. Middletown, Ohio, March 22, 1909. This is to certify that we have adopted the Doddrige Grave Linings at our cemetery. We received our first shipment of one dozen on Feb. 26, and on March 5 we found it necessary to send another order as the first order of one dozen was nearly gone, so we ordered two dozen more on that date. We want to say that we have found the handling of these linings a great satisfaction for several reasons : 1st. They are so easily put in. 2nd. They give universal satisfaction to our customers. 3rd. The profits from same aid materially in the expense of keeping up our cemetery. We heartily recommend these linings to all cem- etery associations who handle the linings of graves, and in so doing we feel that ' we are not only aiding the manufacturers of ^ this much-needed and meritorious device, but are* lending a helpful '^nd to our sister associations by recommending something to them that will aid and please them, and that they will find them all the Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. claim for them. Tours very truly. W. H. Johnson, Sec. J. M. Lanier, Supt, The Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. This is our Style No. 2 MILT ND Booting Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc, ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED, All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stock. Order Direct from the Manufacturers, BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LOCK Box 48, BANGOR. PENN YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding John Reid, Detroit, Mich., Snpt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries, has used the Device 3,600 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mloh., Oct. 4, 1906. Gentlemen — In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as Its neat appearance when In use, I wish to state that In the cemeteries under my charge we have nine of your Devices In use and used them at least 8,600 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Supierintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen the brake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child's 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device. The e7itire weight of device 7s founds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen— I desire to say that I do not see where it would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time fall your make) and out of three thousand interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. John MarsellusMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Cal, TheO.K.BuckhoutChem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co. . Los Angeles, Cal. XII PARK AND CEMETERY. European cities lead us in wholesome opportunities for recreation, for the promotion of health, for the enjoy- ment of art. They lead in the de- veloped individuality of their cities. In what do we lead? Mainly in a larger death rate and a larger tax rate. To sum up, American towns and cities need (1) an open-minded and skillful investigation of their prob- lems; (2) united and hearty co-opera- tion on the part of various public authorities and private individuals in the solution of these problems. Fi- nally, prompt and courageous execu- tion of the plan found to be best for all concerned. PARK IMPROVEMENTS {Continued from vo^QQ 7'5) The board of supervisors of Ma- dera, Cal., has voted to acquire a tract adjoining the court house for a park. By direction of the Park Board of Oklahoma Cit}^ Howard Evarts Weed of Chicago recently investigated the conditions leading' to the injury and death of many of the elms in the northwestern portion of the city. He found that while many things were contributory causes of trouble, tbe main items are a lack of proper soil conditions and the fact that the trees were badly infested with scale when planted out some four years ago. The Park Board is to follow his recom- mendations, which consist of a thin- ning out of the weakened branches and the removal of dead trees now, and the thorough spraying of the trees in December. The P. J. Berckmans Co., Augusta, Ga., have recently completed plans for Magnolia Park, Birmingham, Ala. This city has done much work in civic improvement the past year. Mayor Ward has furnished free planting ma- terial to those desiring to beautify Goodrich Cottage Mo?iume?it, Bellefontaine Ce7netery\ St. Louis Erected by the Harrison Granite Co- Artistic Memorials In Granite and Bronze for Cemeteries and Parks Special designs submitted for Receiving Vaults, Me- morial Chapels, Mausole- ums, Sarcophagi and Public and* Private Monu- ments to he erected in any part of the United States HARRISON GRANITE COMPANY Granite Works, Barre, Vt. Main Office 44 East Twenty-third Street NEW YORK ROAD PRESERVATION and DUST PREVENTION A Standard Work on Modern Road Problems by William Pierson Gibson Descriptions of all the late methods of dust prevention, road preservation and road making. Details of processes in applying oils, emulsions, coal tar preparations, tar-spraying ma- chines, tar macadam, rock asphalt, macadam and bitulithic pavement. Sixteen oil emul- sions, oils and coal tar preparations are described, and records of experiments with all modern road making and dust-laying preparations given. Easily readable for non-tech- nical men. Invaluable to all who want reliable information on the pressing road problems of the day. PRICE $1.60 POSTPAID. R. J. HAIGHT. 324 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO LANDSCAPE GARDENING . . : By F. A. Waugh An admirable treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art, with many suggestions for their application to the commoner problems of gardening. Illustrated, 12 mo. Cloth; price, $0.50. Sent postpaid by R.J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE PARKS AND^CE^TERIES IT WILL NOT KINK Our RUBBER HOSE is made by a new and improved process. The fabric is seamless circular braided and the hose is vulcanized under pressure, and it is impossible for it to separate between the plies. It is made in any continuous length and is stronger and more durable than the old style Duck Wrapped Hose. Q It will outlast any other hose on the market two to one and while it is NOT THE CHEAPEST, IT IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE For sale by all Supply and Seed Houses, Specify " Electric ” and be sure it has the corrugated cover and the brand shown above. ELECTRIC HOSE RUBBER CO. :: WILMINGTON, DEL. ✓A* PARK AND CEMETERY. XIII >• their lawns and streets. The Berck- mans Co. has also been commissioned to prepare plans for Stubbs Park in Dublin, Ga. INIrs. E. H. Coffey has been ap- pointed Commissioner for Meagher Park, an 18-acre tract recently deeded to Sulphur Springs, Texas. The city council is improving the tract and considerable work in the way of road building and planting has been done. Plans have been accepted for a handsome pavilion to be erected in John Ball Park, Grand Rapids, Mich. The structure is designed by Architect Eugene Osgood and will cost about .$20,000. OHIO AT SANDUSKY (Continued from page 80) cracked and caused distress to the sur- vivors of the occupants thereof. The patent mausoleum is tabooed insofar as the association is concerned. NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION The June outing of the New Eng- land Association of Cemetery Superin- tendents was held at Contoocook River Park, Concord, N. H., June 30, the arrangements being in charge of Edward A. Moulton, the local super- intendent of cemeteries. About 30 members of the association were pres- ent. The party were conveyed to the park by special electric cars and the program there consisted of the usual diversions afforded by the resort, a trip up the river on the steamer Mo- dena and a dinner served by Colburn. On returning to Concord in the after- noon the superintendents inspected Blossom Hill Cemetery and spent a very enjoyable afternoon with Super- intendent Moulton. The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog CLASSIFIED ADS lo cents a line each insertion; 6 words to a line: ininimum, price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY, NEW ENGLAND GROWN Plants. A general line of nursery stock adapted to cemetery or home grounds. Evergreens and Rhododendrons in specimens — several times transplanted. Send for catalog. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. WHOLESALE PEONY ' LIST for fall 1909 is now ready. A postal will bring it to you free. J. P. Rosenfield, West Point, Neb. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskeville, R. I. Landscape Architects YOU WILL MISS IT if you do not write to P. A. HAENSELMAN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT, Boulder, Colo. Plans fur- nished for any kinds of grounds, also surveying, lajdng out, changing of old grounds executed at the most reasonable terms. WANTED WANTED POSITION as park superin- tendent; 18 years’ experience developing new cemeteries and a practical landscape gardener. Address No. 166, Linden. N. J. POSITION WANTED as gardener and foreman; honest and sober; 16 years’ ex- perience in all branches of landscape gar- dening and florist; best of references. Address W.. care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION in public park or private estate, thoroughly competent, up- to-date landscape architect and gardener, also florist; 18 years’ experience in U. S. and Europe; A-1 references. Address R. F. B.. care Park and Cemetery. POSITION WANTED as superintendent of cemetery; now employed in same ca- pacity; satisfactory reason for desiring change; best of references given. Address Lock Box 1164, Ulysses. Pa. WANTED POSITION as superintendent of park or cemetery; have long experi- ence in all branches of landscape work, gardening and horticulture; draw my own plans and do all the surveying; have A-1 references. Address X. Y. Z., care Park and Cemetery. GERMAN — Good character, educated in best schools for landscape gardening, thorough gardener and florist; able mana- ger with executive ability, brainy, imag- inative, energetic and capable for biggest job; 18 years in this country; want satis- factory life position; bond given. Ad- dress B-4. care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. Cemetery l^ecords Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParK (Q, Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry^s Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata- logue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Estiblished 1840 Box W , Rochetter, N. Y. Our VITRIFIED and GLAZED Grave Markers are NEAT, EVERLASTING and INEXPENSIVE We make them 18" in length hy 4J^" outside diameter. In use at all large ceme- teries. We will quote delivered price on any quantity desired. Laclede - Christy Clay Products Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. IILON Also ORNAMENTAL WIRE FENCES ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY & FENCE CO. FENCES Finest at lowest I price. Guaranteed 255 Write for catalog S. Senate Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Order From dealers who advertise in ; : : Your Supplies PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linin({ will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The “AUSTIN” Motor Lawn Mower and Roller Will cut as much lawn as 2 or 3 horse-drawn mowers. Does the work better, quicker and cheaper Easy to manage Reliable in every-day hard service WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AUSTIN "WESTERN CO., Ltd., CHICAGO eCN COHCN • lOoS Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900. at the Post-Office at Chicaeo. Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published -Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. _ VolXIX. No. 6. ’ AUGUST, 1909 Sab»crip,ioa]|'oS|f| ’ (Canada, $1.25 1 Emm V%.- •>«* - wllb- LANDSCAPE GARDENING AT SEATTLE EXPOSITION rSEE PAGE 87) Slope Covered with 5,000 hardy pinks (Dianthus plumarius) li PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE Send for our landscape architect who will furnish designs and show you how, where, when and what to plant WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog Eureka Sprayers Compressed air type. Pump half minute, spray ten. For orchards, gar- dens, lawns or fields. Kills Insects, dandelions, mus- tard and other weeds. A machine for everybody. Two sizes. Agents wanted. AMERICAN SPRAYER AND SUPPLY CO. Champaign, Illinois SF^ECITVVEIN E VEROREEINS LARGE ASSORTMENT, All lifting with , good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity. ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. For AUGUST PLANTING EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. GIC/\INXIC R/\INSIEDS Can only be produced from the giant strains. Our Challenge Paneyseed contains only the Giant self colors, the giant striped and variegated and the giant blotched, all carefully mixed in pro- portion. You could not buy better seed if you paid $100.00 per ounce. PANSY— BODDINGTON’S CHALLENGE Trade pkt. 50c: % oz. 75c: M oz. $1.50; 54 < z. $2.75; 1 ounce $5.00 Arthur T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman We also offer pansy seed in separate Colors. 342 West 14th St. *n eve yo b k city Write for special price and catalogue. LAWN GRASS SCE:D BECKERT'S EVERGREEN MIXTURE — Florists and Landscape Gardeners desiring a lawn seed that wilt give them perfect results should use this mixture. Price per bushel of 22 lbs., $3.00. BEST GRADES OF ALL GRASS SEEDS, Write for prices. W. C. BECKERT ..... Allegheny, Pa. Kill the weeds and grass that deface your walks and drives. FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER Original Introducers of Weed Killing Chemicals. Beware of cheaf Imitations. No Failures. Thirteen Tears’’ Ex-perience. Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY. Does not spoil the appearance of the walks or drives. Kills the weeds and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean. EXAMINE THIS ^ barrel of So gals, vyill make 25oo gals, of liquid ready to apply to the roadway, covering 75oo Sq. Yds. of surface, TABLE OF COST: and costing LESS THAN 2 CTS. A GALLON TO PUT ON. THE OLD METHOD of hoeing out weeds and grass is too costly. TRY OUR WAY and you will never be content with any other. Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN or direct to FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY, Only Makers, N. W. Cor. Broad & Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Thirteenth Year of Successful Weed Killing Also makers of the celebrated Fairmount San Jose Scale Killer. PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill Description of Accompanying Cuts ^ Photo (1) shows _ our largest fumigating tent ; this is the largest known tent of its kind in the world and is used mainly in the winter but in severe cases is used in dry weather in summer season. ^ Photo (2) shows a soft maple, one of our patients, after it has been treated. This tree (as are most soft maples) was split in four of the main crotches and in a severe storm was almost destroyed. Note the chain and lag hooks hold- ing the branches in the top, also the double-nutted bolts about half way up and the cement in the crotch at the bottom. This was one of the most severe cases in our experience and it is the one point we wish to impress upon qur readers this month. This condition can be averted if taken when the tree is young. ^ Photo (3) shows a group of qur trained experts in uniform, with safety belts, tool pouches, also a tree on which they have been working and have made ready for the filling. Q Every man is thoroughly train- ed and their nerves tested for high climbing before they touch a tree in our behalf. ^ An illustrated booklet will be furnished free to those interested in their trees, or we will make inspection if desired. Save Your Trees ADDRESS Davey Forestry Co. Kent, Ohio Lock Box C. IV PARK AND CEMETERY. Now and During September Is the Very Best Time to Transplant Evergreens Whether it be for a single specimen or well-arranged group or bed, we can please you with our selected plants. Write for suggestions and a list of our choice specimens. Our September announcement will be of interest to all park and cemetery superintendents. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher, Box 5, Penna. MEMBER of FRENCH and GERMAN SOCIETIES of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ADVICES. SKETCHES. DESIGNS, OR FULL V^ORKINQ PLANS FOR CEMETERIES, PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in English, French and German The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS wn- — H!- rT »• 1 « Pi // Ifi '* i 4. "/f •\! 1 ■u A - X '\1 A' ^ ' • -Sv \\ '.Gn SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND POR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB. IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED ! LAWN CARTS 1 and all styles of barrows and carts. / i Write for catalogue to \ / LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. „ laf^ LANSING, MICH. New York Philadelphia WAREHOUSES : Chicago Kansas City Minneapolis and San Francisco STONE GRAVE VAILTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERnOTT, OHIO Lsed and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone grave and lot markers cheap as clay markers PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING Vol. XIX Chicago, August, 1909 No. 6 New York Convention of A. A. C. S. The approaching convention of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, to be held in New York City, September 14-16, will undoubtedly be of great interest and importance. This will be the first meeting to be held in that city since 1888, and the program will be a good one. There is so much to be studied in both cemetery and park practice of greater New York that the three day.s’ convention will be short enough even for a satisfactory glance; yet the broad interests and details to be observed are decidedly attractive and should bring together a large and enthusiastic gathering, and is an op- portunity which should not be overlooked by wide-a-wake cemetery organizations. Politics in the Chicago Parks It is very regrettable to have to record once more the questionable changes that have been made in the person- nel of the West Park System of Chicago. The substitu- tion of men of no record in park practice for men of known ability, apparently made in payment of political debts, is an outrage in public decency to say the least. While changes for the good of the service are valid ex- cuses when ordinary intelligence can see only sincerity in the move, it becomes political chicanery when no good can possibly result, and public funds are used to pay salaries which can never be honestly earned under such methods. It is discouraging to find Gov. Deneen so sit- uated as to be compelled to play such degraded politics. Sg Ng The Judiciary and the Billboards The glorious uncertainty which appears to govern the “constitutionality” of practically all the efforts to con- trol billboard advertising, must create the impression that the judicial mind is in quite an anomalous condition. Cases have occurred wherein a decided public demand is manifested to suppress the discreditable billboard, and laws and ordinances have been passed to meet the de- mand, when, at the suit of a commercial firm, such ef- forts are made of no effect by court decisions, de- cisions which to the average intelligence seem to lack considerable common sense and which force the con- clusion that aggressive interests, under the present state of law and. its administration are in control in spite of public sentiment. vg sg Educating the Public As a matter of fact the masses are only’just beginning to realize what outdoor and civic improvement mean; and it is astonishing to note what a new thing .the subject is to the great majority of fairly enlightened people. So that the campaign of education has not only a great work to do, but it is evident that it will take a long time to do it. Every available means must be made use of to pro- mote improvement ideas, for the means and the work done, already in evidence, are but a drop in the bucket of conditions necessary to be secured before sufficient in- formation is disseminated or enthusiasm engendered to promote a general movement. We note that Mr. Sim- onds’ article on “Landscape Design in Public Parks,” which appeared in the June issue of this journal, has been reprinted elsewhere in the local press and has attracted otherwise much practical attention, and this suggests an- other urgent appeal to interested readers to use their in- fluence with their local papers to reprint such of the in- formation given in these columns, or elsewhere, which may be practically available for their local conditions and requirements. Ng N? City Planning Abroad In a bulletin just issued by the Committee on Conges- tion of Population in New York, on “City Planning ini Foreign Countries,” it states that the “most significant difference between the American system of City Plan- ning and the method in operation in foreign countries, is the control of the government over the development of the community in foreign countries, instead of the domi- nation of the individual owner of land or the corpora- tion, which has prevented the normal and proper devel- opment of most American communities.” This is a good proposition, because a fact, and it has led to the most monotonous display of city maps the world ever saw. What is now being done by the leading cities of the country, at enormous expense, to redeem American cities from this uneconomic monotony might have been to a considerable extent avoided when these cities were young, had a wise government control been at the helm to make regulations which the public health demanded, and centuries of experience elsewhere had justified. It is interesting to note how this government control ex- ercised its beneficent influence to the end of, for instance, regulating how much space of the building lot should, be covered by the building to be erected. ve Street Trees, Riverside, Cal. Some three or four years ago we gave some illustrated notes on Riverside, Calif., showing how well-balanced im- provement ideas could add to a naturally beautiful place; the planting of street trees in well ordered profusion was also referred to. The city tree warden, Mr. J. H. Reed, has favored us with a copy of his last report, from which the following will show how progressively this tree- planting scheme has been continued, and one can imagine the consequent pleasure accruing to the residents. In 1904, 350 trees were set out; in 1905, 1,000; in 1906, 1,250; in 1907 the city took up the work and planted 1,500, and in 1909, 2,170. The trees already put out this year number 2,148, which added to the above figures make a total of 8,378. If planted 40 feet apart this number of trees rep- resents nearly 34 miles of streets planted on both sides since the tree planting work was taken up. Mr. Reed makes a number of e.xcellent suggestions on the care and protection of these trees, particularly adapted to the lo- cation. In his communication he says: “The figures give but a very slight notion of what absolute municipal con- trol of street ornamentation has done for our little city. While the number of trees planted we think important, the intelligent selection of varieties and systematic intel- ligent treatment has proved more important in the beau- tification of our streets — something absolutely impossible where selection and care is left to property owners.” In this connection it is well to add that all Massachusetts cities and towns, and ^Minneapolis, Buffalo. Newark, Chi- cago and other places are doing work of this kind, but there should be much more of it. It is a most desirable and important department of municipal activity. :87 PARK AND CEMETERY. LANDSCAPE BEAUTIES OF SEATTLE EXPOSITION When it opened its gates to the public on June 1 the Alaska-Yukon- Pacific Exposition at Seattle showed a sight unique in its beauty. Its surroundings and its outlook are all wonderfully beautiful; and its archi- tecture, the grouping of the buildings and its landscape treatment are ex- ceptional. The Exposition is about four miles from the center of the city of Seattle, and occupies the land of the Uni- versity of Washington, which con- sists of. about 250 acres of Douglas fir forests, which have been preserved as far as possible. It is situated on a broad ridge, gradually descending from the uni- versity campus to the borders of Union Bay, an arm of Lake Wash- ington and Lake Union, the two By James Frederick Dawson, Landscape Architect of the Exposition bodies of water being separated by a narrow neck of land. The land rises to about 160 feet above Lake Washington and com- mands wonderful views— to the west of the Olympic Mountains; to the east, of the long stretch of Cascade Mountains, and to the south, of the majestic peak of Mount Rainier — all of which are covered with snow throughout the year. . They are tremendously impressive, with their rugged lines silhouetting the clear blue sky beyond them. One of the most remarkable advantages of the Exposition is its command of the views of mountain ranges, and especially of Mount Rainier, the highest neighboring peak. In order to get the greatest ad- vantage of this majectic natural fea- ture, the long axis of the principal plaza, or Court of Honor, is directed to Mount Rainier. At the upper end of the Court of Honor, which forms the nucleus of the plan, is located an ornamental electric tower. The portion of the Court of Honor extending south of the electric tower for about 600 feet is called the Cas- cade Court. South from the cascades is a large circular basin 250 feet in diameter called the Geyser Mountain. This great basin is sunk several feet be- low the main plaza, which encircles it. and is separated by a broad walk, planting spaces and architectural balustrades. Radiating from the center of the Geyser Basin, at an aiigle of about Hardy Pinks (Dianthus plumarius), Canterbury B'ells (Cam- Rhododendrons (R. Californlcum), with Pox Gloves coming up panula media), and Fox Gloves (Digitalis purpurea) through them, and white English tufted pansies in foreground. TYPICAL PLANTINGS TO SET OFF B’ASES OF BUILDINGS AT SEATTLE EXPOSITION PARK AND CEMETERY. 88 40 degrees with Mount Rainier’s axis, is a broad view of Lake Wash- ington in the foreground, backed by the snow-capped mountains of the Cascade Range. On the other side of the Rainier axis extends a broad view looking out across Lake Lfnion toward the city of Seattle. To the south, and PART OP BED OF ENGLISH TUFTED PANSIES (VIOLA CORNUTA HYBRIDS). ENCIRCLING GEYSER Below this, and continuing to frame in the Court of Honor, are the Oriental and Manufactures Build- ings on one side and the European and Agricultural Buildings on the other. Each building is somewhat lower than the one north of it and all paralleling the Court of Honor. The beauty of the exposition de- rounding entirely the Court of Honor are great masses of rhododen- drons, back of and through which are planted in profusion the official flower of the exposition — the cactus dahlia. Thousands of lilies, gladioli and other appropriate flowers also play their part in making the Court of Honor one magnificent garden. PLANTING AT BASE OF MANUPAC'^URES BUILDING Rhododendrons (R. Californicum) mixed with Fox Gloves (Digitaiis purpurea) with pansies (Viola cornuta hybrids) in foreground on the central axis, extends a view 200 feet in width of Mount Rainier, 14,529 feet in height. These various views have been created by cutting down broad stretches of immense timber and so forming a magnificent picture, fram- ed on each side by fir trees, some of which run to a height well over 200 feet. The Court of Honor is surrounded by the most impressive architectural display of buildings ever seen in the Northwest. Surrounding the entire upper por- tion of the Cascade Court are three Government buildings in a semicircle the center of which is the electric tower. The central and main build- ing, with its dome rising 270 feet in the air, is the towering feature of this great architectural display. Flanked on each side of the prin- cipal building are the Hawaiian and Alaskan Buildings, which are con- nected by a double colonnade with architectural piers or archways at the various entrances. sign as a whole may be attributed to the fact that Olmsted Brothers, Brookline, Mass., were engaged at the beginning, even before the ground was broken, to arrange the grouping of the buildings, the position of the roads and waterways and to lay out the grounds to harmonize with the wonderful natural surroundings. The embellishment of the grounds with foliage and flowering plants has been carried out on a scale not heretofore attempted. Long stretches of slopes placed like panels between the cascades and the surrounding- roads above them are planted -wdth great masses of creeping roses, in- termixed with various flowering- plants which bloom at different peri- ods during the summer. The slope encircling the Geyser Basin is covered with great masses of English tufted pansies, while in the background are thousands of peonies, phlox and other delicate flowers, succeeding each other ac- cording to their periods of bloom. At the base of the building and sur- Just south of the Geyser Basin, which terminates the southern end of the Court of Honor, lie the formal gardens. They are several feet be- low the plaza of the Geyser Basin, and are therefore in a position to be seen to the greatest advantage from that important point. Here great quantities of roses, phlox, peonies and other attractive flowering plants ornament the tessel- lated form of the hedged-in-gardens. Looking south from the elevated plaza of the Geyser Basin, the gar- dens form a foreground to the broad stretches of lawn which carpet the beautiful view to Mount Rainier. This view is framed in on each side by solid hedges of evergreen trees, which form a rich background for the long lines of architectural features, such as statues, vases, seats and lights. On each side of this vista, as well as on the sides of the vistas extend- ing to Lake Washington and Lake Union, are planted great masses of flowers of the most delicate colors 89 PARK AND CEMETERY. The high banks mounting up on either side of many of the cross roads and inter-communicating roads are covered not with grass or vines, but with great masses of flowering plants, such as low-growing phlox, pinks, forget-me-nots, daisies and geraniums. The long pergolas which form a face to many of the buildings in the Court of Honor, are well covered with clematis and roses, which dis- play a magnificent draping of color. Decoration with so-called bedding plants plays a small part in the em- bellishment of this exposition, as it was felt that such planting adds only to confusion, and destroys the sim- A strong plea for protecting the trees in Fairmount Park, Philadel- phia, is made by the landscape gard- ener, Mr. Oglesby Paul, who urges sufficient appropriation to permit of successfully combatting the destruc- tion which threatens them. He says a tree growing within the limits of a great city, particularly if it be a manufacturing center, has many ad- verse forces to contend with, and its life at best is a constant struggle against such odds as escaping gases, which poison the roots, clouds of soot and dust, which clog the stomata or pores of the leaves, and killing drought from the waterproof-coated streets. In the woodlands of a park a further evil arises from trampling by the public, which kneads the ground to the consistency of brick clay, destroys the protecting under- growth, bruises exposed roots, and on hilly land starts washing of the surface in a way which often threat- ens the very existence of the wood itself. Those in charge of large parks, boulevards, and suburban estates are now a unit in declaring that the trees under their care need constant and intelligent attention, and that the old policy of trusting to nature to provide for them when established is a treacherous one and almost cer- tain to end in disaster. That the noble specimens in Fairmount Park should be exposed to injurious in- fluences without the necessary reme- dies is little short of a calamity; many of these old monarchs, repre- senting as they do the growth of generations, could not be replaced, and should therefore be maintained in a way that would be a credit to the city and a source of pleasure to plicity and pureness of the design. In contrast to the severity of the formal treatment throughout the Court of Honor, necessitated by the architectural grouping of the build- ings, an effort has been made to treat certain portions of the grounds in a rural and naturalistic fashion. This has been accomplished by the irregular massing of trees and flower- ing shrubs at the base of many of the buildings. Large areas, with their wonderful natural growth of majestic trees, have been preserved, all of which harmonize with the surrounding country and help to make this expo- sition the most beautiful of all. all for many years in the future. The Commissioner for Manhattan has asked for an appropriation of $50,000 for the care of trees and shrubs in Central Park, New York, whose area is about one-fourth that of Fairmount Park, while the latter last year had but $3,500, or $1.15 per acre, allotted for this purpose. One of the most remarkable things in connection with the San Francisco disaster and its rapid rehabilitation, is the speed with which all of the public parks have been restored. This applies especially to Golden Gate. The work not only of restoration, but of new improvements, has gone forward steadily and rapidly. Level- ing, terracing, opening of new boule- vards, pedestrian and equestrian paths has progressed rapidly. A large lake is now being created on Mr. Paul describing the damage done by smoke, gases, insect pests, and other causes, suggests means of controlling them, and demonstrates the asset which the city of Philadel- phia has in ornamental trees by tabu- lations showing for different sections of the. park the number, size, and varieties of trees. The lists do not include the Wissahickon Creek, but as indicative of the large trees for which the plea is made, they show that at breast-height there are 14 chestnuts, 2 tulips, and one black oak feet -in diameter, 43 chest- nuts, 6 tulips, 2 black walnuts, 1 beech, 3 white oaks, and 1 black oak, trees which are four feet in diameter, breast high. The tabulations give the number of trees of various diameters, but we merely refer to there being over 2,200 trees 2 feet or more in diame- ter, the principal varieties being in the order named, chestnut, white oak, tulip, black oak, red oak, and beech. Surely such an array of what may be considered monarchs of the forest is worthy of sufficient protection to preserve them. the southern part of the park well out toward the ocean beach. Some marked improvements to both Stow Lake and the chain of lakes have also been made. The great Speedway — or Stadium- grounds — work on which had just commenced before the disaster, has about been completed at a total cost of $50,000. The immense Temple of Music, the Egyptian Art Museum, the Children’s Playhouse and grounds have been completely restored. CHAIN OF LAKE'S, GOLDEN GATE P.4.RK, SAN FRANCISCO CARING FOR THE PARK TREES IMPROVING GOLDEN GATE PARK PARK AND CEMETERY . 90 PLAN FOR NEIGHBORHOOD PARK, SPOKANE, WASH. Plan for Corbin Park, Spokane, Wash.; Olmsted Brothers, Landscape archs. Olmsted Brothers, Brookline, Mass., are preparing plans, of which this is a preliminary sketch, for the replant- ing of Corbin park, Spokane, Wash. By the new plan none of the desirably features of the park are lost, while many new ones are added. The road- way shown in the illustration leading from Howard to Washington and across the park to Stevens street makes a short cut, as there is at present, while there are more direct paths than under the present arrangement. One important improvement is the elimination of the unsightly lagoon that runs through the park from end to end. Instead there is a central concrete basin of conventional de- sign with water fountain in the cen- ter. This is to be supplied with fish. Around this basin are grouped the flower beds, which are thus collected instead of being scattered through the park as at present, where they can not be protected. There is also a lily pond and wading pool as shown in the illustration. The new arrangement is especially designed to give the park a vista by means of the open lawns at each end. The effect of these will be to make the park appear much larger. They will also provide a lawn upon which the public can walk and lounge with- out harming the flowers or shrub- bery. The plans involve a complete rear- rangement of the trees and shrub- bery. The roadway on each side of the park is narrowed to 30 feet. There will be toilets and rest rooms built for men and women. TEACHING THE PEOPLE TO KNOW THE PARKS How many people have ever given our public parks much personal thought? I venture to say that not many have and yet I feel that it is largely because nothing has ever stimulated this kind of thought. We are seldom reminded of these matters in our daily reading. If we will per- mit the love for the beautiful, which is inborn with us all, to be unearthed, we will find our walks through the parks will be enhanced with a new meaning. Lend nature your sympa- thies and it will seem barbarous to ruthlessly tramp over flowers or through borders of flowering shrubs. No one does this in a spirit of mean- ness as they walk through our parks but it is an outgrowth of the fact that their sense of appreciation of the beautiful has never been suffi- ciently stimulated. Yet they not only mar the beauty of our public parks, but are robbing themselves of that stimulus which a morning or afternoon walk ought to give us all. I do not think people are possessed of an innate tendency to destroy, as we perhaps sometimes might think when we see the many trails or cow-paths, made by people who go across the lawns. They call them short-cuts, but as a matter of fact these short- cuts seldom save thirty seconds of time. The lawns are cut up so that they look like a Christmas pie. They are careless because their minds are full of the business of the day. But suppose we could get now and then some kindly hints in our daily read- ing. Would it not meet with a re- sponse? So it has often seemed to me that park superintendents do not use the public press nearly as much as they should. It does not suffice to call attention to these matters in some horticultural paper, for the cir- culation reaches only those men who are all very well posted on these matters. But every city paper is willing to publish something that pertains to the welfare of the people. A great deal relative to the manage- ment, the object and the proper atti- tude of the citizen towards our park systems might be made much more clear to the public, if park superin- tendents all over the country would just take the trouble to write about some of the evils that they are com- bating in the way of getting the pub- lic to respect the park system. All of our leading periodicals are pub- lishing long articles touching on nearly every subject relative to the business world. But our attention is not often invited to consider the proper use of our beautiful park sys- tems. No commonwealth or munici- pality would spend the same amount to maintain a temple of ihusic or an art gallery that they would and do for their parks. Yet who has not noticed that expression of wonder on the faces of those passing through a museum where stuffed boa-constric- tors and mummified orang-outangs are On display? A mock reverence seems to prevade the whole museum build- ing. How painstaking they are not to cut or mar. But how very insig- nificant are those museum specimens compared with nature on dress parade during all our summer months, making special preparations for the October farewell that speaks direct to the soul of every one. Nature is ever in style, never too loud or too sombre. Everywhere and always she is inviting us to a picnic or a walk 91 PARK AND CEMETERY. in the held where you get an im- petus that makes j’ou a better citizen and a lover of your home commun- ity’. Comparatively few people realize just what an influence the parks and boulevards have upon the people. One writer has said that it was the reconstructed boulevards that made Paris. Parks enhance the value of property, and create residence com- munities. They make your city a pleasure ground. I har'e in mind a certain sub-division of eighty acres or more that lay vacant for a num- ber of years. It bounded one side of a large park which for years was poorly kept and badly managed. Owners of homes in this locality were selling their homes and going to other parts of the city and not infrequently going to other cities where these matters were better The number and variety of public drinking fountains, for man and beast, in New York City, is constantly in- creasing, and the general artistic quality is being elevated. Architects and sculptors have vied with each other in producing simple, practical and not too costly designs, which when carried out in metal and stone would dot the streets and avenues with neat little municipal monuments worthy of the ideal city of the future. In fact, the standard of artistic qual- ity and practical usefulness set by the city’s aesthetic guardian, the Art Com- PRIZE DESIGN, DRINKING FOUNTAIN H. Van Buren Magonigle, Arch. managed. But enough public spirited men saw the trend of events and a radical change was the result. The park was reconstructed, walks and drives w'ere put in order, new build- ings were erected, a new and honest policy in management was adopted and in a short while this same sub- division began to build up very rapid- ly w'ith buildings costing eight thous- and dollars and upwards. One can not say to just what extent this com- mercial activity was directly due to the interest that was taken in this public, institution, and one so peculi- arly correlated with the environment of the home. But the facts go to show that this influence went a long ways towards creating a home feel- in this communit}' and raising real estate values. No great amount of argument ought to be necessary to convince mission, has been so high that the number of these municipal fountains has not increased as fast as planned. Our illustrations show the three de- signs decided to be the best at the competition held last year under the auspices of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, — the prize design by Mr. H. Van Ruren Magonigle and the two which received “honorable mentions,” by Mr. John S. Humphreys and by Mr. Wil- liam Sanger. These can be erected wdth the necessary additional ap- purtenance for spraying horses if de- sired. The cost, in bronze, is given DRINKING FOUNTAIN DESIGN. AWARDED HONORABLE MENTION. John S. Humphreys, Arch. an interested citizen or a live munici- pality, that aside from the esthetic and moral influence w'hich they exert, they very materially enhance the value of property and enlarge the grandeur of the city from a material standpoint. This manner of bringing these matters before the public would re- sult in untold good. A great many of the popular magazines are will- ing to publish articles of this nature for they can be made very interest- ing. I do not think they ought to be written in a fault finding way. Just simply tell the whys and wherefores of park administration, pointing out all that it means to the city beauti- ful. The ultimate end of an appeal to public spirit of this character will help greatly to solve the problem of a more beautiful America. Chicago. A. A. Fisk. IN NEW YORK by the Society as follows: For Mr. Magonigle’s, $529; for Mr. Hum- phrey’s, $965, and for Mr. Sanger’s, $350. These figures do not include the cost of any inscription, of erecting the fountain and making the neces- sary plumbing connections, which latter naturally vanes somewhat with the location. The Board of Managers of the Society have established a fountain fund, to which will be cred- ited all special gifts for the purpose of erecting and maintaining such fountains, and have appointed a Com- mittee on Fountains which earnestly DRINKING FOUNTAIN DESIGN AWARDED HONORABLE MENTION. William Sanger, Arch. PUBLIC DRINKING FOUNTAINS PARK AND CEMETERY. 92 JUDSON MEMORIAL CHURCH FOUNTAIN WITH IRON PROTECTING BARS. appeals to the benevolent for con- tributions. The Art Commission dis- approved of the inexpensive but prac- tical type of fountain which had been used in the past; and also disapproved of twenty-nine of the forty-five loca- tions for the three accepted designs which the Society proposed. As may be seen in our illustration, the prize design is very neat and workmanlike; the basin will serve two teams at once, and when the bronze begins to wear and polish in places, the whole assumes a mellow and har- monious effect which makes it very suitable as a street fixture. Examples of this design may be seen in Bryant Park and on the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza, Brooklyn, and at the junction of Broadway and Amsterdam avenue. Six fountains of this type have been ordered for the city of Omaha, and one has been erected by the Society of Colonial Wars at Jamestown Island, Virginia. Examples of Mr. Hum- phrey’s more ornate design, somewhat modified, have been erected in front of the Grace Church Parish Buildings on Fourth avenue; at Central Park, West and 10th streets, and at 107th street and Broadway, gift of Mr. F. Augustus Schermerhorn. Mr. Sanger’s fountain, the simplest in design of the three, is located on Coenties Slip, on Rutger’s Slip and on Battery Place. The Society has also in course of con- struction several handsome fountains of special design. It has been per- mitted by the Art Commission to set up on the southern boundary of the Chelsea district a memorial fountain to former pugilist George Dixon. Since the beginning of the present year it has installed four new drinking fountains and is building seventeen more. The number now in actual op- eration is given as thirty-six. A very good example of the applica- tion of sculpture to a modest wall drinking fountain may be seen at one of the many angles of the Jefferson Market Court House on lower Sixth avenue. As may be seen it is Gothic in style, not very severe and as an instance of adaptation to the general style of the building the fountain is quite satisfactory. Still simpler is the neat little basin GOTHIC DRINKING FOUNTAIN AT JEFFERSON MARKET COURT HOUSE with its twisted dolphin water spouts at the corner of the Judson Memorial Church in South Washington Square, but unfortunately the marble of which it is constructed is not of the hardest and the neighborhood, of a swarming Italian quarter, renders it necessary to defend the fountain as shown in our photograph. The chipping and stain- ing of the stone, the breaking off of the metal, if possible, and always its polishing by undue familiarity, are among the many trials of our public monuments. A very simple fountain is that erected at he northern end of Long- acre Square, in memory of Air. Carroll Livingstone, a sportsman, and breeder of fine horses and dogs. From the center of the circular basin rises a low granite shaft which supports three bronze dolphins, on the uplifted tails of which rests a large granite ball. From the open mouths of the dol- phins the water flows into the basin, and — for the benefit of those drivers who may wish to avoid any possible danger of infection for their stock — the curled and uplifted noses of these marine animals are arranged to sup- l)ort the handles of water buckets. The basin is supported on a molded and paneled base, which presents a curved front to the street, and there is a screw attachment for rubber hose, with which horses may be sprayed on hot days. At the bottom, at either side, are troughs for dogs and cats; the central shaft bears an inscription, and on the sidewalk are two upright drinking fountains for pedestrians. The whole was designed by Charles R. Lamb, and received the approval of the Municipal Art Commission, which, in these designs, as in all others which come before it, insists on both beauty and fitness. Alore monumental designs, in which the art of the sculptor is given much fuller play, may also be seen in these public fountains. One of the most ambitious, on which Air. Allen G. Xewman is now' at work, is to be erected at the intersection of the Riverside Drive and 165th street. The sculptor calls it ‘‘The Alusic of the Waters,” as the stream from above falls into a large shell. A mermaid, attracted by the sound, is a prominent feature of the work. LIVINGSTON MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN. Charles R. Lamb. Arch. '93 PARK AND CEMETERY. ROAD TARRING IN PARIS PARKS Automobiles were common in France some years before they be- came a frequent sight on American highways and the French engineers are accordingly that much ahead of the Americans in their study of the dust problem on macadam roads. The difficulty of maintaining maca- dam under this new style of traffic -is most acutely felt in the Bois de Bologne in Paris. It is the custom in the French Capitol to sprinkle the wooden pavements of the principal thoroughfares, such as the Rivoli and the Champs Elysees five or six times a day. The consequence is that every automobile in Paris is obliged ■to use steel studded tires all the time. The steel studded tire on these vehi- cles driven at the high speed which is permitted in Paris, is probably the most destructive agent to macad- .am roads that could possibly be de- vised. Nearly all the traffic through the Bois de Bologne consists of auto- mobiles— the powerful low-geared little taxi-cab comprising a large pro- portion of the total. The Park author- ities impose a special tax on every automobile that passes through the A PIONEER Once upon a time the subject of our sketch, and of the accompanying il- lustration, was one of many tiny seed- ling conifers scattered throughout En- gleman’s and other canyons of the Rocky Mountains, but its destiny was unlike any of its fellows except one, which was similar although different. It is one of the first two Colorado Blue Spruces (the blue form of Picea pungens) to be adopted into civilized life. Full grown specimens of this handsome tree, then unknown in cul- tivation, so impressed some Pike’s Peak miners that when they returned to their homes they brought with them two infant plants bearing the un- lusual blue tinge which sets this variety apart from all others and makes it such an acquisition. The home-coming min- ers, arriving in 1869 or 1870, presented the little trees to the late Mr. A. R. Whitney, who set them out in a flower bed at his home at Franklin Grove, 111. Mr. ■ Whitney’s daughter, Mrs. A. W. Crawford, who now lives on the old place, recalls seeing them when she was. a child growing among the Bleeding Hearts in her mother’s garden and re- members them as being about the same height, which would be from twelve to gate as a sort of fine for the damage that the vehicle will cause to the roads in the park. The maintenance of the roads has been brought down to a fine point. A large force of men is constantly at work in one place or another in the park keeping the roads in smooth dustless condition. Probably every maker of dust preventives has en- deavored to secure the large market for his material which the park con- tract would offer, but tar is the only remedy which has found acceptance. Special apparatus for heating and distributing the tar is employed. It is spread over the surface of the macadam while hot. It percolates into the fine pores of the road and on cooling solidifies there, forming a matrix around the stone and holding it there so firmly that automobile tires cannot tear it loose, or stir it up into dust. The roads are care- fully cleaned and are rarely or never sprinkled with water, the tar treat- ment being a sufficient and satisfac- tory antidote to dust. The acuteness of the problem in the Bois de Bologne makes' the endorsement by COLORADO B THE PIONEER E'LUE SPRUCE OP CIVILIZATION ON THE GROUNDS AT LARCHMERE, WAUKEGAN, ILL. fifteen inches. This means that the trees were from twelve to fifteen years old, possibly older, as their growth may have been retarded by being transplanted and into climatic con- the authorities of the tar treatment highly significant evidence of its effi- ciency. The tar which is used by the French engineers is not raw or crude tar, but one which has been sub- jected to a certain amount of distil- lation and refining, so that uniform- ity of results can be made reasonably certain. In this country that particular preparation of tar is known as Tarvia, and is made in three grades of different density to provide for varying conditions in which it is to be used. The densest and heaviest grade of the tarvia is known as Tarvia X, and is sufficiently thick in its consistency to fill the large voids of the I'A in. stone with which it can be advantageously mixed in the course of building a new road or re- building an old one. For resurfacing, Tarvia A is used, a lighter material, as Tarvia X is too dense to penetrate the small voids of the stone screenings; while for an old road where all voids are filled with dust, a still lighter material, called Tarvia B, is employed. L U E SPRUCE ditions so different from those of their habitat. Seedlings raised in cul- tivation grow only about one inch annually, infrequently a trifle more. Later, one of the trees was taken up and sent to Mr. Robert Douglas, now deceased, an enthusiastic and well known lover of trees and recognized as an authority on their culture. It was supposed that the trees would lose their color on removal from such a high altitude, but this happily proved a mistaken idea. Mr. Crawford says that Mr. Douglas and Mr. Whitney were with the party on the opening of the Union Pacific Railway and that it was then they saw the Colorado Blue . Spruce for the first time. Subsequently, as is well known, Mr. Douglas had seed of this variety collected by reliable men and raised many thousands of the trees in his nurseries and sold them all over this country as well as in Europe. In- deed, a representative of the Orange Judd Farmer who visited the nurseries in 1891 was told by Mr. Douglas that more had been shipped to Europe than had been sold in this country and that he had received orders from two large English firms “to take all the blue specimens he could raise, at his own PARK AND CEMETERY. 94 price, but that he thought them so well ■adapted to the dry Western climate that he refused to ‘send the cream to Eng- land and keep the skim milk for us.’ ” It is certainly interesting as well as pleasant to know that both of these vegetable pioneers in civilization (which is rather turning the tables) are in fine condition today. The Franklin Grove tree is forty- five feet high “by actual measure- ment,” according to Mr. Crawford, and fifty-eight inches in circumfer- ence one foot above the ground and “very handsome,” but it is not a per- fect specimen. Some of the lower branches have unfortunately been re- moved and (judged by its ^’ otograph, which the writer has seen) it has not been as well grown and is not so evenly developed as the second pio- neer, seen in our cut. It has, how- ever, borne cones twice, a few three years ago and four last year, and has matured seed. The specimen represented "here is estimated to be about thirty-five feet high, possibly a little more, and has never borne cones, but it stands forth a perfect exponent of coniferous beauty. It shows the marked whorled arrangement of branches characteris- tic of the type with every one intact from the lowest tier, which sweep the sward, to the tip of its graceful spire; a silvery blue cone of surpassing love- liness. It is on the home five acres of the old Douglas estate at Waukegan, 111., thirty-five miles north of Chicago. The estate is known as Larchmere and has for some twenty years been owned and occupied by Mr. Edward L. Upton, a Chicago corporation law- yer, and his wife, now president of the Chicago Woman’s Club. This tree has had the inestimable privileges of good care and room for develop- ment. Mrs. Upton, who thoroughly appre- ciates her good fortune in coming into possession of this and many more, rich arboreal treasures, and, having had the advantage of training in their requirements from Mr. Doug- las himself, sees to it that they re- ceive proper treatment. To the left of the Blue Spruce (as you look at the picture) is seen part of the “original” Douglas’ Golden At' borvitae, the very sport from wbichi all those in existence have sprung. It is a handsome tree and still shows its- distinct golden markings, especially on' the young growth. The Larchmere spruce has never borne cones, and only one of the sev- eral others on the place has borne any and that only last year, when one tree had quite a cluster, though it is doubtful if they matured seed as they were still quite green when the Frank-- lin Grove seed was fully ripe. “Mike.” an ancient servitor who worked orf the Douglas grounds many years, and who comes around to look at his old tree friends now and then, discovered these cones and in considerable ex-' citement informed Mrs. Upton that" “them seeds are worth ten dollars a pound.” “Very well,” said Mrs. Up- ' ton, “you may have them, Mike.” So ' it may be that some one sat up with: them on chilly nights to make su»e-‘ of proper returns. Fr.\nces Copley Seavey. WORK OF THE NEWARK TREE COMMISSION There is probably no city in the country that has developed so complete and satisfactory a system of caring for the park and city trees as Newark, N. J., under its Shade Tree Commis- sion. By acts of the legislature and city ordinances the commission in- cludes in its labors the active control of the park system, and, moreover, its work has already become so effective and economical that with the endorse- ment of well nigh universal public ap- probation the commission’s work is broadening out and is attracting atten- tion far and wide. In 1907 there were planted 3,177 trees covering 25 miles of Newark’s streets, which makes from the inception of the Commission, in 1904, a total of 72.91 miles planted with 8,135 trees. The average assessment per tree in 1907 was only $2.49 ; in 1906 it was $2.92 and in 1905, $4.44; which goes to show what experience coupled with intelligent business prin- ciples may do for the community. The above figures cover cost of tree, ex- pense of cutting flagging and cement where necessary, excavating and sub- soiling, and of the guard, collar and stake. The Commission’s work is not by any means finished when the tree is planted, but extends indefinitely to their systematic care, and this necessitates the employment of skilled labor. In 1907 many hundreds of trees were set out in response to individual requests which are not included in the above figures. Newark has, approximately, 275 miles of streets with 80,000 trees thereon, making the work of the com- mission highy responsible. Spraying the trees, wherever and whenever nec- essary, to protect them from insect and fungus enemies is also an impor- tant and at present an indispensable department of the tree work, and is very carefully attended to. In 1907 a city tree nursery was set up and stock- ed, by which it is expected to reduce- the cost and reap the advantages in the choice and culture of the young trees, and to minimize the annual loss in newly set out stock. To keep an accurate record of work done, from which are compiled the Commission’s reports, pay-rolls, assessments, etc., two blank forms are used ; a daily fore- man’s report, and a weekly summary of foremen’s reports. The daily report comprises five columns sub-headed as follows from left to right: Place Work, Employee, Hours, Rate. The weekly summary blank is ruled for Name, fol- lowed by columns for days of the week, and for Rate, Amount, and Remarks. From these two reports lists can be prepared showing streets whereon trees and their varieties are planted, on which trees are sprayed, cocoons are removed; trees treated for borers, trees pruned, etc., etc. From the same reports state- ments can be prepared concerning the development of new park spaces, plant- ing of shrubs, bulbs and park trees, renovations and work in the parks, etc. This is a simple but, as experience ( Continued on p X) PARK AND CEMETERY. ! i)5 The Elm trees in Court Square, Springfield, Mass., have attracted a newspaper discussion on their poor condition, which one correspondent declares to be caused by starvation, and suggests supplying them with manure water. Probably one cause of their failing is their surroundings of paving stones, and this condition should be improved under modern treatment. It is probable that num- bers of fine trees in the older east- ern towns are suffering from the lack of intelligent care, which, however, should soon cease to be where city foresters are in control. * * * A report from the Public Buildings and Grounds Committee of Yonkers, N. Y., was introduced in the Board of Aldermen recently, calling for the expenditure of $25,000 for grading, ar- ranging, etc., the addition to Grant Park, recently acquired, and for the park to adjoin School No. 8. The re- port was filed and an ordinance was adopted later authorizing the work. * ♦ ♦ The Syracuse, N. Y., Park Commis- sion has been authorized to purchase on contract the Kirk Park property. The price fixed is $62,500, and it is to be paid in five annual installments of $12,500 each, to be provided for in the tax budget of each year. The matter has been under consideration for a long time. FROM THE PARK REPORTS The Eighteenth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of St. Paul, Minn., for the year 1908 comprises a mass of interesting in- formation concerning St. Paul’s parks. During the year 5 new parks were acquired of a combined area of 16.7 acres, the entire cost of which was assumed by interested citizens. The city park system, when two con- demnation suits are completed, will contain 1,131.09 acres. The commis- sioners are, however, much cramped for means to properly maintain the parks, and are moving for an amend- ment of the charter provision so that the needed funds for the Park De- partment would be provided for out of a 114 mill tax. Very gratifying progress has been made in the park and parkway improvements. Th'e total expenditures for the year were: For maintenance, $54',835.36; for im- provement, $84,030.87, making a total of $159,239.48. Shortness of funds is a serious drawback to the welfare of the parks and should be remedied. The superintendent states that the use of oil is cheaper than water for laying the dust; water costs 2.6 cents per yard of surface. If oil had been used the cost would have been 1.75 cents, and oil improves the roadway. Up to date of report the parks have cost a total of $2,088,580.90. PARK IMPROVEMENTS The Metropolitan Park Commission recently purchased a tract of 47 acres on the north shore of Olney’s pond, in the town of Lincoln, R. I. The commission thus gains possession of what it considers one of the most beautiful places of resort in the state, the most remarkable section of un- spoiled natural landscape now remain- ing within such easy reach of Ex- change place and Market square. Providence, and it brings the total area of Park Reservation up to 500 acres, and is a little larger than Roger Williams Park. The greatest care is being taken in cleaning up the tract, so that the natural beauty may not be injured, the purpose mainly being to make accessible the places of greatest beauty rather than to alter their char- acter. A start has been made on the im- provement of the Blue River Valley as a part of the Kansas City park and boulevard system. Preliminary maps and plans have been prepared by Mr. George E. Kessler, landscape archi- tect, for the guidance of the Park Commissioners, and the Blue River Valley offers an admirable opportun- ity for adding lake features and boule- vard extensions to the Kansas City system. The Marlin Commercial Club, for the citizens of Alarlin, Texas, has received from the International and Great Northern Railroad a tract of thirty acres with lake, which is to be converted at once into a pleasure park. The Improvement League of Big Rapids, Mich., has recently deeded to that city a small city park, named after the donor and his wife, Holland Park, which they have been improv- ing for some months. The city council of Bloomington, 111., has appropriated the sum of $10,- 250 for the maintenance of the pub- lic parks of that city. An ordinance calling for an ap- propriation of $15,000 for additions to the city park system of Kokomo, Ind., was introduced at a recent ses- sion of the council. Last month quite a celebration was held at Utica, N. Y., the occasion be- ing the passing of deeds to two splen- did parks, the gifts of Mr. Thomas R. Proctor of that city. One named Roscoe Conkling Park contains some 370 acres, and it has been graded and improved by Mr. Proctor, and will be maintained by him until January 1 next, when the city will assume con- trol. The other gift is the Thomas R. Proctor park, comprising about 70 acres in the eastern part of the city, which was improved by the dOnor some years ago and thrown open for the use of the city. Lincoln Park is the name of the new park recently opened to the pub- lic at Grand I'orks, N. D. Governor Hadle}^ on returning from his outing at Hahatonka, Cam- den county. Mo., expressed himself so enchanted with the scenic beaut}' of the wild and rugged country in which Hahatonka is located that he intended to recommend to the next general assembly the purchase of 5,- 000 acres for the establishment of a state park there. This would call for an outlay of $150,000. An addition of six acres has been made to Eden Park, South Wilming- ton, Del., donated by the Lobdell Car Wheel Co. A committee has been appointed by the Quincy, III, Historical Society to co-operate with other committees to provide in a suitable manner for the dedication of Parker Heights, in honor of E. J. Parker, who has done so much toward the accomplishment of the work of giving Quincy an ade- quate park system. It will take place before fall. The Board of Park Commissioners of Westfield, N. J., has recommended to the Town Council that more prop- erty be acejuired for park purposes and that the town be bonded in a sum not to exceed $20,000 for the purpose. Monroe, Wis., has a new city park, Mrs. Caroline Bingham donating to the city a twenty-four acre tract ly- ing north of the Illinois Central track along the west side of the Ai- gyle road. The gift is made to the city on condition, that it be used for (Continued on Pa^e VII i) r PARK AND CEMETERY. 96 GREENWOODS NEW RECEIVING VAULT, BROOKLYN EXTERIOR OF RECEIVING VAULT. GREENWOOD CEMETERY, BROOKLYN, N. Y., WHILE REMODELING WAS UNDER WAY The new receiving tomb in Green- wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y., said to be the largest in the world, has just been completed and made ready for use. It occupies the same site and is practically of the same dimensions as the one which had been in use for a quarter of a century or more. It stands at Willow and Sycamore avs., not far from the main entrance of the great burial ground. While the front and entrance to the tomb are practi- cally unchanged the interior is entirely new. The work has been carried for- ward on the plans made by George Tre- maine Morse. The work of constructing the new tofnb has approximately cost $60,000. The structure is 132 by 56 feet. There is a porch, the front of which is of freestone, 16 feet deep. From this, one passes into a spacious entrance hall, 46 by 25 feet, which when occasion re- quires can be used as mortuary chapel. Its walls are of marble mosaic, with marble pilasters and a floor of terazza. To the right lead two aisles, lined with crypts to the number of 412. It is de- signed to permit no bodies to remain in the tomb for more than a year, that time being allowed to friends to make a permanent disposal of them. A new feature of the receiving tomb is the columbarium. This is to the left of the entrance hall and is guarded by heavy Ijronze gates. There are in it niches for 340 vases containing ashes. These niches will be rented or sold outright. In the receiving vault proper the entire fronts are of marble and brass and each receptacle has a mar- ble tablet and brass handles. Besides the light from the sixteen skylights in the ceiling, the tomb has electric lights and electricity is also used for heating in cold weather and for the ventilating apparatus. The place is lighter than the ordinary room at any time and is thoroughly ventil- ated. The work of constructing the new receiving tomb has been done by John Thatcher & Son. The officers of the cemetery in direct charge are David G. Legget, president, Samuel Casey, comptroller, and William C. Grassau, superintendent. INTERIOR OP RECEIVING VAULT, GREENWOOD CEMETERY', BROOKLYN, N. Y. 97 I' A UK AND CEMETERY HOMEWOOD CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS, PITTSBURG The directors of Homewood Ceme- tery, Pittsburg, Pa., who comprise some of the city’s foremost business men, are pursuing a liberal policy in carrying out the improvements they have made, and that are now in prog- ress. Only such structures as will insure the utmost permanence are being erected and the plan for de- veloping the unimproved portions of the grounds are such as will give this cemetery sylvan charms that it will be difficult to equal anywhere. Work has recently commenced on the concrete foundation for an elabo- rate system of greenhouses from plans by the Pierson U Bar Com- pany, New York, N. Y. The plant will consist of 5 houses, each 100 feet long and varying in width from 10 feet to 25 feet, and a palm house 25x97 feet. The construction and equipment will be modern through- out. The walls are to be of brick, with raked joints, limestone trim- mings and granite steps at entrance. The superintendent’s residence seen in the illustration is a handsomely ap- pointed home, situated near one of the entrances, and in close proximity to the new greenhouses. The exterior is Bedford stone with old English plaster finish above the second floor, and slate roof. There are hardwood floors and hardwood finish through- out with every modern convenience. It cost $20,000. Situated at the head of a ravine, where it is partially hidden from view is the new barn seen in the illustra- tion. It is 84x42 feet, built of brick with stone trimming, slate roof and re-enforced concrete floors. The stables have modern sanitary fittings. There is a roomy carpenter shop and ample room for all tools, carts and equipment used on the grounds. A natural gas heater in the basement provides a continuous supply of hot water and heats the sleeping apart- ments on the second floor. The cost of the building was $17,000. “Homewood” covers 185 acres of undulating land, about four and one- half miles from the business center of the city. It was opened in 1878 and up to the present time 85 acres have been improved. Two years ago. William Allen, formerly of Mount Auburn Cemetery, Boston, Mass., suc- ceeded the late David Wood as su- perintendent, and under his direction plans have been made for a number of new roads and burial sections. One of the roads will be through a picturesque ravine, locally known as “Fern Hollow.” This drive will be at least one and one-quarter miles long, wooded on either side with fine specimens of Oak, Walnut, Sycamore, etc., and a great variety of native flowers. It will extend around two sides of the cemetery, connecting both entrances. The topography of “Homewood” shows a variation of 200 feet in ele- vation, which has made it necessary to do a great deal of grading in mak- ing the new sections. Mr. Allen esti- mates that approximately 86,700 cubic yards of earth will be removed in grading the sections upon which he is now at work. The main road is to be regraded from 13 to 7 per cent. About 5,000 feet of 4 and 6 inch water pipe have been laid and a new Kelly-Springfield motor roller bought. Superintendent’s Residence Stable TWO NEW BUILDINGS AT HOMEWOOD CEMETERY, PITTSBURG, PA. PARK AND CEMETERY. 98 CEMETERY LAW FROM COURT DECISIONS Bequest to Trustees for Care of Lot The supreme court of Illinois was called on to construe a will which con- tained the following clause: “(1) I direct, first, that all my lawful debts and funeral expenses shall be paid, and that the sum of $500 shall be placed in the hands of a proper person as trustee (John H. Russell, of Middle- town, Connecticut, being hereby em- powered to name and appoint such trustee), from which said sum of $500 there shall be expended so much as such trustee shall consider necessary and proper for a monument at my burial place, and the residue of such sum of $500 shall by such trustee be put and kept at interest, and such in- terest shall be annually expended in the care of the family burial lot where I shall be buried.” The court says. Mason vs. Bloom- ington Library Association and others, 86 Northeastern Reporter, 1044, that it was contended that this paragraph of the will created a perpetuity and was void, and that, the court erred in ap- pointing a trustee and in directing that the amount remaining of the $500 mentioned in that paragraph, after the purchase of a monument, should be turned over to a trustee to be kept at interest ; the interest to be expended in the care of the family burial lot where the testatrix should be buried. The law is well settled in this coun- try that a perpetual trust cannot be created to take care of a private burial lot, unless the creation of such trust is authorized by statute. 6 Cyc. 918; 5 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 933; Bates vs. Bates, 134 Mass. 110; Coit vs. Comstock, 51 Conn. 352; John- son vs. Holifield, 79 Ala. 423 ; Hop- kins vs. Grimshaw, 165 U. S. 342. In Illinois, however, the legislature has provided (Hurd’s Revised Stat- utes of 1905, chapter 21, sections 22- 28) that trusts may be created for such purpose in the hands of the boards of directors provided for by “An act to provide for the proper care and man- agement of county cemetery grounds” ; but there is no statute in this state which provides for the creation of such a fund in the hands of a private trustee. A trust created under a statute au- thorizing a trust to be created in per- petuity for the purpose of caring for and keeping in repair a cemetery, burial lot, a monument, is characterized by the court in Morse vs. Inhabitants of Natick, 176 Mass. 510, as a “statutory trust,” in contradistinction to a chari- table trust. The cases of Green vs. Hogan, 153 Mass. 462, and Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S. 174, are not therefore in point. In Bates vs. Bates. 134 Mass. 110, the court said an examination of the authorities (and many cases are cited) “will show that it has been repeatedly held that a bequest to provide a fund for the permanent care of a private tomb or burial place could not be treated as a public charity, and thus made perpetual, and that such bequest would be void.” It was also pointed out in that case that there was in force in that state a statute similar to the statute in Illinois hereinbefore re- ferred to, but it was said “these statu- tory provisions have here no applica- tion.” In Coit vs. Comstock, 51 Conn. 352, it was said : “It has been held in nu- merous decisions that bequests for the purpose of keeping burial lots or cem- eteries ill good order or repair are not given in charity, and therefore are not protected by the statute of charitable uses.” And in John vs. Holifield, 79 A*la. 423, it was said: “It seems to be well settled by the course of deci- sions that a bequest of money, the in- terest thereon to be perpetually ap- plied’ to preserving and keeping in re- pair the graves and monuments of the testatrix and other named persons, is repugnant to the rule against perpet- uities, and void.” This court would be glad to hold valid, where it possible so to do, the trust attempted to be created by the testatrix in this case by the first para- graph of her will. The court is, how- ever forced by the current and great weight of authority to hold that a trust like the one in question is not a gift to any public use, and that its pur- pose is purely private and secular. The court’s conclusion is therefore that the trust attempted to be created by the first paragraph of the will was void, and that the portion of the $500 men- tioned in that paragraph, remaining after the purchase of the monument, should be treated as a part of the resid- uary estate of the testatrix. Bequests to Religious Corporations The second appellate division of the supreme court of New York upholds, in the case of Driscoll vs. Hewlett, 116 New York Supplement, 466, the valid- ity of an attempted devise and bequest of the testator’s residuary estate to a religious corporation in trust to apply the income to the care of his burial lot. In the absence of some statute au- thorizing such a trust, the attempt to create it, the court says, would doubt- less have been futile. The New York statute relating to gifts for public char- itable purposes had no application, as the care of the testator’s burial lot was not a charitable use. However, there is a New York stat- ute which^in terms authorizes the crea- tion of just such a trust as was at- tempted in this case, namely. New York Laws of 1895, chapter 723, section 7. That statute provides that a religious corporation may take and hold real property for the purposes of a cem- etery and “may take and hold any property granted, given, devised or be- queathed to it in trust to apply the same or the income or proceeds there- of, under the direction of the trustees of the corporation, for the improve- ment or embellishment of such cem- etery or any lot therein, including the erection, repair, preservation or re- moval of tombs, monuments, grave- stones, fences, railings or other erec- tions, or the planting or cultivation of trees, shrubs, plants, or flowers in or around any such cemetery or cemetery lots.” This statute was a re-enactment of section 2, chapter 198, of the Laws of 1884, with slight verbal changes; the principal change being the omission of the following words at the end of the paragraph or section in question : “Or for improving the said premises in any other manner or form consistent with the design and purpose of this act, according to the terms of such grant, donation or bequest.” The trial jus- tice thought that the omission of those words indicated an intention on the part of the legislature to change the law, and, while authorizing a trust for the purposes specified, to require that the trust should not continue beyond two lives in being. But this court is unable to discern such a purpose, the words omitted appearing to be sur- plusage. Greenhouse Damaged by Sewer The appellate court of Indiana af- firms, on the appeal of City of Garrett vs. Winterich, 87 Northeastern Re- porter, 161, a judgment in favor of Winterich (the plaintiff in the court below) for damaged alleged to have been sustained by him through the neg- ligent and wrongful acts of the city in {Continued on page XI) 99 PARK AND CEMETERY. SPRING GROVE’S FAMOUS SWANS FLOCK OF SWANS IN SPRING GROVE CEMETERY, CINCINNATI The finest flocks of swans in the United States are said to be those on the ponds of Spring Grove cemetery, Cincinnati. These birds, who l^reed well in the preserves there, attract the attention of every visitor to the ceme- tery, particularly when seen "swimming double, swan and shadow," as the poet puts it. Spring Grove last spring was graced with a brood of seven, the largest num- ber in one nest Superintendent Salway has ever seen. Altogether there are perhaps eighty swans here. The flock was started perhaps twen- ty-five years ago, but none of the orig- A DESCENDANT OF THE SPRING GROVE SWANS, LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO inal lot remains. These have been sold all over the country. Some of the other great cemeteries have purchased, and large parks in Boston, and Lin- coln Park, Chicago, have been stocked. The cemetery receives fiftv dollars a pair for the white swans, and eighty tor the Black Australian swans. The birds are not sold until two or three years old, as only then can one tell whether they will mate or not. They do not breed, however, until five years of age. Spring Grove has today the largest single flock of swans in the country. Felix J. Koch. NORTH SIDE CEMETERY, BUTLER, PA. North Side Cemetery, a forty-acre tract at Butler, Pa., has made some ex- tensive improvements that add to the convenience of this well-managed tract, which is on the lawn plan throughout, with all fences, copings, etc., excluded. One of the recent improvements is the handsome new office building. It is of brick, with a terra cotta roof and a spacious veranda. The interior has been fitted up with rooms for the use of men and women, while there is also a large room for chapel services during inclement weather. The water plant has been greatly ex- tended, the well having been drilled deeper and an electric motor installed for pumping the water. The water lines have been extended through the cemetery and hydrants placed at differ- ent points along the walks. The fountain which was presented by George W. Whitehill stands on the main driveway with a background of terraces and flowering plants. When the plans of Superintendent P. L. King are fully worked out, this section will have some fine landscape effects. There is quite a difference between the appearance of the old North Side cemetery and the new one, as the former has no one in charge, the only work being done to the several lots and the driveways being done by the individual lot owners. The officers of the old company have been contem- plating for some time the engagement of a care-taker for the old cemetery, but up to the present time have not come to a final decision in the matter. There are four cemeteries in Butler, with four different corporations in charge. The first one is the old North Side corporation which has been in e.xistence for many years. The second is the new North Side company which was organized several years ago, and which upon organization had the wis- dom to secure a competent man to have charge of the property. The Calvary cemetery, under charge of the St. Paul's Catholic church, ad- joins that of the new North Side, and though it is a new organization, its grounds compare favorably with the others. The new superintendent, John Vanderlin, is making a number of im- provements, which will require consid- erable hard work and a great deal of money to carry out. The St. Peter's cemetery, under the charge of St. Peter’s Catholic church, occupies the further end of the land devoted to this purpose, and though the corporation is the youngest of the four, the work on the grounds is pro- gressing nicely and in a short time its appearance will be in conformity with that of the others. NEW OFFICE BUILDING North Side Cemetery, Butler, Pa. LAWN VIEW, NORTH SIDE CEMETERY, BUTLER, PA. Lawn Plan Throughout r A R K 4 N D THE BETTER CLASS OF CEMETERY. loo CEMETERY MONUMENTS The Swart monument shown in our illustration is a well-proportioned, dignified, and tastefully decorated specimen of granite work and was erected by W. W. Dutton Co., of Schenectady. X, Y.. in Vale Cemetery, in that cit}". The work is 9-6x8-4 at the base and about ten feet high. It u-as erected when Mr. Dutton was doing business from a don-n town office without carrying any stock, and is good evidence that some of the largest SWART MONUMENT, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. and best work is handled by firms that have plenty of equipment ‘'under their hats,'’ but do not employ any workmen. This is only one of a large number of fine memorials erected by Mr. Dutton during the last three i'ears. The W. W. Dutton Co. has. however, purchased the large display yard formerly occupied by The Flint Granite Co., a lot 66x180 feet, and have recently com- pleted one of the most complete and up-to-date plants in the state. The firm anticipate a very prosperous season. Arnott & Stevens, at the entrance to Greenwood Ceme- tery, Brooklyn, X. Y.. erected the nicely carved tablet shown in our illustration, which is evidence that a small piece of work may be made attractive. The carving is very delicate in some parts and the firm consider the work perfectly e.xecuted. It is of the Connecticut white granite of Booth Bros., and Hurricane Isle Granite Com- pany. of New York, and stands on the Seymour L. Husted lot in Greenwood Cemetery. ^ >1' ^ The Hine monument illustrated is a good example of the massive, dignified monumental tablet, and was erected in Evergreen Cemetery, New Haven, Conn., by the A WE'LL CARVED TABLET Thomas Phillips & Son Co., of that city. It is of West- erly granite, 9-0x6-6 at the base and 12-6 high, and was designed by Herman J. Meister, president of the firm that erected it. HINE MONUMENTAL TABLET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. 101 PARK AND CEMETERY. ANNUAL CONVENTION OF A. A. C. S. The preliminary program arranged by the Executive Committee for the 23rd an- nual convention of the Asso- ciation of American Ceme- tery Superintendents, to be held in New York City, Sept. 14, 15 and 16, 1909, is as fol- lows : Tuesday, Sept. 14th. Opening session at Hotel Astor. 10 a. m. — Invocation. Address of welcome by the Acting Mayor. Response by member of the A. A. C. S. Annual address of the President. Annual report of Secretary-Treas- urer. Appointing Committees. Informal discussion. Recess. 2 p. m. — Business Session. Ad- dresses by Thomas White, John J. Stephens and John E. Miller. Wednesday, Sept. 15th. 9:30 a. m. — Automobile ride through the park systems of New York to Woodlawn Cemetery. Luncheon will be served at Woodlawn and a busi- ness session held there during the afternoon, returning to Hotel Astor at 6 p. m. Thursday, Sept. 16th. 9:30 a. m. — Automobile ride to Greenwood Cemetery and over the park systems of Brooklyn. Lunch- eon and final business session. Owing to the large area to be covered, and the time necessarily consumed in vis- iting the principal parks and cemeteries of Greater New York, the executive Commit- tee has deemed it advisable to omit evening sessions. W. C. Grassau, superintendent Greenwood Cemetery, is chairman, and F. R. Diering, superintendent Woodlawn Cemetery, 350 E. 234th street, is Secretary of the Executive Committee. The headquarters of the Association will be at the Hotel Astor. An attractive program for a sug- gested side trip to Philadelphia has been arranged by the West Laurel Hill Cemetery Co., 116 N. Broad street, Philadelphia. The city has about two hundred cemeteries and burying grounds, several of which date back to 1683. The most inter- esting of these are subdivided into four trips for the convenience of vis- itors. The folder advertising these trips gives much other information regarding hotels and places of inter- est in Philadelphia. George M. Painter, Secretary and Superintendent Westminster Ceme- tery, 1409 Arch street, Philadelphia, “invites the members of the A. A. C. S., their wives, sons, daughters, sweethearts and others to visit Phila- delphia before or after the Conven- tion,” and he will do his best to show them the city. -''V CtnETERY NOTES An amicable settlement of the suit of the Earlham Cemetery Association, Richm'ond, Ind., against the owners of the Smith farm, has been reached and the association secures the prop- erty, containing some 50 acres, for $15,875. The cemetery sought to se- cure the farm, but their offer was re- jected and condemnation proceedings were instituted, which were contested. The idea of forcing a sale of property by a private corporation under con- demnation is a novel idea, but fur- ther litigation was prevented by friendly intercession, which, with the aid of the court, resulted in an ad- justment of the differences. Exten- sive improvements are contemplated in the near future. * * * Proceedings have been begun through the New York State Board of Health in co-operation with the Board of Health of Aurelius, to compel the Greek Catholic church of St. Nicholas to remove the bodies in its cemetery to a new location. The state expert advises an injunction to prevent fur- ther burials because the stratum of rock upon which the graves lie drains into all wells on the south side of the cemetery in Aurelius. The ceme- tery was recently opened for improve- ment by a real estate speculator, and seven bodies will be removed by the town. A large number of people now depend on other wells for water. * * An innovation in cemetery practice is that of The Forest Home Cemetery Association, Milwaukee, Wis., which has put into service a conveyance making regular trips through the cemetery from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m., which will give to people wishing to visit graves more comfortable and easier opportunities than at present. A small fee is charged, and the serv- ice will continue until November. * iK The validity of an ordinance re- cently passed by the village board of Forest Park in the suburban district of Chicago, imposing a tax of $1 for the burial of persons who lived out- side the corporate limits will be tested in a suit recently begun. H. J. W. Moeller, president of the Concor- dia Cemetery Association, was ar- rested charged with a violation of the ordinance, was found guilty and fined $5 and costs. Notice of appeal to the Circuit Court was given. JK sk Cemetery leases are being sought by oil operators in all parts of Steu- ben county, Ohio. A big producer was struck at Pleasant Hill church in the cemetery lot. At Mt. Calvary Catholic cemetery west of Steuben- ville there are nine producers. Union cemetery at the edge of this city has several big gushers and others drill- ing. An old-time operator in the Pennsylvania fields says he never knew a dry hole to be drilled on a cemetery lot, hence the excitement. # =1= * The Lowell, Mass., cemetery em- ployes are maintaining a strong fight against the brown-tail and gypsy moths. The superintendent reports that he has found one of the para- sites recently let loose by the state authorities, and that evidence of its work was seen in its vicinity. It was shown to all the employes and has the freedom of the cemetery, with premiums thrown in. * * * By the refusal of a determined Cape Codder to permit the removal of the remains of departed ancestors from their present resting place to a strange cemetery, has brought about a crisis in the construction of the Cape Cod canal. A stoppage of the work is not only threatened, but spe- cial legislation may be needed to solve the problem. PARK AND CEMETERY Automobiles are now prohibited in Evergreen Cemetery, Leominster, Mass., on account of the injury to the roads and paths and the careless- ness of those running them. Some very harsh criticism has been made and complaints lodged against the drivers of these vehicles, the result being that they are now excluded. * * * An interesting way of keeping lot owners interested in their cemetery and of gaining interest from others is b}' photo postal cards. Such cards have been received from Mr. A. M. Gingling, Superintendent Fairview Cemetery, Altoona, Pa. ifi -if ip. The trustees of Pine Hill Cemetery, Westfield, Mass., have concluded a de- posit of $100 must be made to insure perpetual care of lots not exceeding 20 feet front. FROM CEMETERY REPORTS The first annual report of the Board of Park Commissioners, Di- ' vision of Cemeteries, of Hartford, Conn., for the year ending March 31, 1909, makes an interesting pamphlet. Hartford cemeteries were transferred to the Board of Park Commissioners, taking effect April 1, 1908, and the re- port includes some very interesting details pertaining to the four ceme- teries now in their care, amounting in area to 43.55 acres. The perpetual care proposition is well considered and discussed as a duty of the city to preserve them in so far as private funds cannot be secured for the older lots. The deposit required for per- petual care ranges from $60 for lots 10x20 to $120 for those 20x20. The introduction concludes with the state- ment : “It is possible for our ceme- teries to have a positive influence for good in the development of Hartford.’’ The total receipts for the year amounted to $7,876.79, and the ex- penditures for the maintenance of the cemeteries were $6,632.02. The report also includes a list of persons connected with the administration of cemeteries; city ordinance: abstract of records; town votes from 1799, and other official records. The annual report of Wyuka Ceme- tery, Lincoln, Neb., shows a very sat- isfactory condition. The receipts from all sources for the year ending May 31, 1909, were $29,678.94, which in- cluded: Lot sales, $12,637.50; per- petual care, $4,742.59; graves, $4,646; care of lots, $1,367.25; and green- house, $1,662.85. The total expenses amounted to $11,731.02. The resources, according to the public accountant. EEP your drives and walks free from weeds with “HERBICIDE” Clean for two years by one application. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. TREES SHRUBS lOOO Elm 2 to 4 in. 10000 Barberry Thunbergi 12 to 18 in. 2000 Barberry Thunbergi 18 to 24 in. 2000 Viburnum Opulus 3 to 4 ft. 2000 Crimson Rambler 2 year. 3000 Dorothy Perkins 2 year. 1000 Prairie Queen 2 year. 5000 Spiraea Van Houttei 3 to 4 ft. 1000 Spiraea Van Houttei 2 to 3 ft. 2000 Red Snowheriy 2 to 3 ft. 3000 Purple Barberry 3 to 4 ft. 50000 Black Locust Seedlings. 150000 Hardy Border Plants. “THE QUALITY STOCK” The above is only a small part of our surplus. Send today for our special Price List of everything used in Park and Cemetery Planting. Get our price before ordering. AURORA NURSERIES Aurora, 111. Fall Planting September — October — November PgQjjjgg Double Chinensis; order now. 2 to 5 eye divisions. Splendid varie ies for Parks, Cemeteries. Large or small grounds. Our list of 90 varieties for Fall Planting;, now ready. Ask for it. All the best ones including the latest varieties. Field-grown Hardy Phlox in 10 best varieties, fine assort- ment of colors. Irikpg German, 8 best varieties. Japan, lilsco 6 best varieties. Spanish, 5 best varieties. Phloxes Yucca The Frank H. Wild Floral Co. 3 year clumps. Price list free. Address Sarcozie, Mo PAEONIES A lot of large clumps, five and six years set, on the bargain counter to close. Good reliable varieties. The land must be cleaned. E. J. SHA>LOR Paeony Specialist Wellesley Farms, Mass. Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : ; PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. pjYACINTHS, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus and all other Holland bulbs. Lil. Harrisii, Lil. Formosum, Lil. Longiflorum, Long. Mult., Long. Mult. Giganteum and Purity Freesias. California bulbs of all kinds such as Erythroniums, Calochortus, Fritillarias, Calla Elliottiana, Calla /Ethiopica and Oxa- lis. Japan Iris, Japan Lilies, Spiraeas, Paeonies and the largest assortment of miscel- laneous bulbs in America. Place your orders while we have the stock to offer. Don’t wait till the last mo- ment. Catalogue ready now. Get it in any event. We mail it free. J. M. THORBURN ^ CO. 33 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK CITY The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Mo'ds All pteel, DO wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, wlthoutrepalrsandgoodforallfetlme. Hi-st cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopefi and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentees & M'f’rs, Thorntown, (nd. 103 PARK AND CEMETERY amount to if 143,175.74, of which $44,- 095 is invested funds. Of these in- vested funds $14,687.52 belongs to the permanent fund and $15,290.54 to per- petual care. The annual report for 1908 of Pine Grove Cemetery, Lynn, Mass., records some changes made in its affairs and some to be inaugurated. A sort of reorganization in its methods of busi- ness is in order; for instance, in one direction payment in advance for all cemetery work is to be demanded, and in another the increase in the price of lots and in the amounts set aside for perpetual care. A “per- manent perpetual care fund” is also to be established of sufficient volume to counteract in the future any re- ductions in interest rates on the in- vestments. Nearly $2,000 was ex- pended in 1908 in fighting the brown- tail and g}'psy moths. The total re- ceipts for the year were $36,194.76, which included sales of lots, $5,911.32; interments and reinterments, $3,465; annual care, $1,917.07; greenhouse, $1,839.66; appropriation, $10,900. Among the expenditures were; Labor, $19,683.62; salaries, $4,336.75; miscel- laneous, $9,834.20, the latter including a balance of $2,905.97 on improvement contract. The perpetual care fund now amounts to $199,764.65. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS The 24- acres adjoining Mound Cemetery, Charleston, 111., the pur- chase of which was recorded in the last issue, will be laid out on the lawn plan by Howard Evarts Weed of Chi- cago. Perpetual care and all modern improvements will be given. The trustees of Locust Hill Ceme- tery, Dover, N. J., have awarded the contract to survey the property of the association and supply topographical maps and working plans to Clark & Pike, Willoughby, O. With these plans completed the trustees intend to take up a line of improvement on a modern basis. Last fall a proposition to bond Muskegon, Mich., in the sum of $15,- 000 to provide funds for the purchase of a proposed addition to Oakwood and Evergreen Cemeteries was re- jected by the voters. The same prop- erty is now offered to the city for $9,800, and the offer will probably be accepted, as very few lots are left in the cemeteries. A bill has been introduced into the Wisconsin legislature to enable the Forest Home Cemetery Association of Milwaukee to increase its prop- erty to embrace 200 acres. The cemetery is greatly in need of more room. The city council of Grand Island, Neb., has decided to make the deposit for the perpetual care of lots in the city cemeteries $100, this sum to be invested in the city’s own bonds or other securities, and the revenue therefrom applied to the care of the lot for which it is invested. The trustees of Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, O., are planning to erect a substantial archway entrance with gates, to be built of Centerville lime- stone. The Board of Public Works, Terre Haute, Ind., are about to erect a “rest room,” to be constructed of Bed- ford stone, in Highland Lawn Ceme- tery, to cost betwen $5,000 and $6,000 A site has been purchased for the erection of a so-called apartment mau- soleum facing the entrance to Spring- Hill cemetery, Huntington, Ala. It will contain some 640 crypts and will be constructed of cut stone for exte- rior work and concrete for interior walls and crypts. Its probable cost will be $36,000, and a company has been formed to carry out the project. The St. John cemetery. New Bed- ford, Mass., is to be enlarged. Twen- ty-five acres more land has been re- cently acquired. The old Harrisburg cemetery, Har- risburg, Pa., is to be improved, addi- tional land having been purchased. This is the oldest incorporated ceme- tery company in Harrisburg, but its permanent fund of $58,000 has been found quite inadequate to keep the grounds and buildings under up-to-date conditions. The board of managers has issued a circular letter to all lot- owners asking contributions, and with the hope that the fund may be increased to $100,000, a sum believed to be ample for perpetual care. Old lot boundaries are gradually being abolished and modern practice is be- ing introduced. The Chenango Valley Cemetery As- sociation recently let a contract for the construction of a chapel and vault; both will be under one roof and will be built of reinforced concrete. The receiving vault will have a capacity for 18 bodies. The trustees of the Cemetery .Lsso- ciation of Joliet, 111., have decided to go ahead with the work of repairing the damages caused by the heavy windstorm of last spring and to erect the necessary buildings and other contemplated improvements. The Ladies’ Cemetery Association of Oakwood Cem.etery, Austin, Texas, has recently added to its attractive-- ness by the completion of five en- trance gates. The four supporting columns are of gray granite, sur- mounted by classic urns. Total cost, $2,000. The council judiciary committee of iMilwaukee, Wis., has recommended favorable action in the matter of the annexation of seven acres adjoining the grounds of the Union Cemetery Association. The action was due to the opinion of Dr. E. E. Darling, reg- istrar of vital statistics, that ceme- teries are not a menace to a residence community and that epidemics limited to cemetery districts have never been known in Alilwaukee. Evergreen Cemetery, Tucson, Ari- zona, is located some two miles from town and comprises a tract of 240 acres, well suited to cemetery pur- poses. It is a new enterprise and improvements are only in the begin- ning. The next legislature will be asked to pass additional laws to make perpetual care a permanent institu- tion. It is always pleasing to record a long and satisfactory service; it means so much both for the cemetery and the individual. Mr. William Crosbie has served as superintendent of Wash- ington Cemetery, Washington, Pa., for 41 years. Scotch by birth, he is a sterling Scotch-American today and hale and hearty at 77 years of age. A mausoleum to hold 10,000 bodies is being considered for Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, N. Y., to be con- structed b}' a private company on a large lawn plot. According to a report of the treas- urer of the Lowell, Mass., cemetery corporation, the money received for perpetual care of lots for the first half of the year exceeds all past rec- ords and promises that before the close of the year the fund will have accumulated to well past $150,000. The Oakland Cemetery Association, St. Paul, Minn., has just let a contract for new greenhouses 75 by 175 feet, with service building 20 by 90 feet. The best iron construction will be used throughout with concrete foun- dations. The service building will contain office, toilet and pot rooms on the main floor with an enclosed dirt shed; the basement will have boiler room, coal bunkers and dor- mant cellar, and the second story will be used for storage. The contract for superstructure and benches h^s been awarded to the Lord & Burn- ham Company; the concrete and brick work will be done by St. Paul men. i. I i 1 ) Preserves Roads , Prevents Dust MADISON ROAD, CINCINNATI, O., CONSTRUCTED WITH “TARVIA X THE MADISON ROAD CASE Madison Road, Cincinnati, is an important macadam thoroughfare with very heavy travel with all kinds of vehicles. In the fall of 1907 it became clear that the macadam could not stand the traffic without excessive maintenance cost. Accordingly one section was treated with rock asphalt and an- other with “Tarvia X.” The balance was rebuilt in the ordinary style. In April, 1909, the Cincinnati Supt. of Street Repairs reported to the Board of Public Service that the tarvia section was in good shape. The rock asphalt section and the plain macadam, however, were “practically worn out,” and he recommended that these sections be resurfaced by scarifying, rolling, covering with a new course of 2-inch stone, and bonding with Tarvia X. A petition of 125 property owners along the road who suffered from the dust supported this rec- ommendation strongly. Further investigation showed that the Tarvia X treatment gave good results for two years. The rock asphalt lasted only six months. The Department, as a result of this experience, decided to use Tarvia X on three miles of the roadway. There is no material but tarvia now available for road treatment which will fill the small voids, solidify, form a plastic concrete, with the stone and stay there undamaged by the weather. Many asphalts disintegrate under the action of water. Oil has little or no bonding power; water-sprinkling actually hurts a road. Tarvia alone makes economical, low-maintenance, automobile-proof, dustless macadam. ^ Booklet on request. Barrett Manufacturing MPANY St. Louis Cleveland New Orleans London, Eng. Philadelphia ^ Pittsburg Boston Kansas City New York Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis 1U5 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- variations, thus: S. L. 8;67-8. Feb. 09. means: Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, February, 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. American Uotonist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 76c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. P.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G.), $3.00 year; 25o copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. P.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal - SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND FOR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER BUFFALO Pins An Entirely- Perfected and Practical Steam Roller Write for catalog, showing complete line, including Macadam rollers, Scarifiers, etc. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Light Roadways, Parkways, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co. - Buffalo, N. Y. Eastern Offices ; 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts., Cieveland, Ohio No other device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. Write FIVE BOMGARDNER LOWERING DEVICES IN USE AT ONE FUNERAL THIS BURIAL OF FIVE BODIES, VICTIMS OF THE SALISBURY WRECK TOOK PLACE AT WATERLOO, N. Y. AUG. 7. 1906 lY . PARK A N'D 'CEMETERY. Trees like these are bound to please A few years ago when a scarcity of fine specimen trees became imminent, we selected from our young blocks — then about 6 to 8 feet in height— the trees having perfect stems and promising heads. They were carefully transplanted — eight feet ^art to develop properly — well manured, cultivated continually and pruned as required. Now they represent trees as faultless as it is possible to grow them. Perfect not only in tops but with such a splendid root system that they "take hold” when trans- planted and do so quicker than the ordinary grade of tree. ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE PARKS and\:e^teries IT WILL NOT KINK Our RUBBER HOSE is made by a new and improved process. The fabric is seamless circular braided and the hose is vulcanized under pressure, and it is impossible for it to separate between the plies. It is made in any continuous length and is stronger and more durable than the old style Duck Wrapped Hose. ^ It will outlast any other hose on the market two to one and while it is NOT THE CHEAPEST, IT IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE For sale by all Supply and Seed Houses, q Specify “ Electric ” and be sure it has the corrugated cover and the brand shown above. ELECTRIC HOSE ^ RUBBER CO. WILMINGTON, DEL. This Portable Box WRITE FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION EVERETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 35 Lake Street, Newark, New York placed on any of the waRons that you may have or employ will give you a quick dumper that will be of great as- sistance in beautifying your grounds, as it will handle dirt, sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc., in a superior man- ner by either dumping it in a heap, or will spread it if so desired. Especially adapted for Parks, Cem- eteries, Estates, etc. See that Truss Lindens: American, European and White Leaved Horse Chestnuts: Red and White Flowering Maples: Norway, Sugar and Sycamore Ash: White and Qreen Oriental Plane American Elm The success of your planting, the appearance of your grounds is dependent upon your selection of the trees. We say, pnrcha.°e absolutely the very best trees. Buy fewer trees if the appro- priation is limited but ^ them fine .specimens. May we quote you on this better gsade of stock ? Thomas Meehan & Sons Co. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher Box 5 Penna. The Book of Water Gardening ■ - — By Peter Bisset, The latest and most practical work. Full directions for selection of stock, planting, construction of ponds, improvement of sur- roundings; 100 photographs, diagrams and plans. Price $2.50 postpaid. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons, Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York City. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Diarborn St., Chicago '} PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX Chicago, September, 1909 No. 7 Children and Fall Flower Shows We are now about in the season of fall flower shows and time continues to demonstrate the advisability of en- gaging the enthusiasm of the young in this side line of improvement work. One would think that the experience had all been garnered concerning the good accruing from the practical work of flower and plant growing among the children, but every year in which the work is consistently and thoroughly undertaken • and pursued, fresh proofs of the good accomplished are always realized. Nor is it the greatest thing by any means that the work excites the interest of the parents and the older people and thus promotes to a greater or less degree the desire for im- provement and the beautifying of surroundings, for the study of plant development and growth, from the tiny seed or rootless cutting to the matured plant and beau- tiful flower or fruit, incites to better thought and feeling and impresses upon the budding character of the young, attributes that surely make for permanent and sterling strength. In the country the boys appear to be taking hold of some of the important crop questions and with the true characteristics of the “little man” corn growing associations of boys are rapidly increasing, which, beside having important influences in character building from the necessity of care, persistence, intelligence and work, will become important auxiliaries in the improvement of corn and its culture. That the avenues of improvement both in physical and spiritual matters are constantly de- veloping is a sure proposition, but that the American people are growing more ready to push along each av- enue as it opens out, is the most hopeful prornise for American progress toward an ideal civilization. Ng Ng Ne Improve the River Frontage The grand opportunity for making a “city beautiful” of all the river towns is one that has been seriously over- looked, and it is a strange fact. However, as “it is never too late to mend,” although in the majority of such neg- lected opportunities the cost will now have to be many times multiplied to satisfy the neglect, numbers of such towns throughout the country are moving to take advan- tage of the river as an improvement issue. A notable instance is that of Quinc3q 111., situated on the Missis- sippi, where under the energetic and persistent leadership of Mr. E. J. Parker, to whom Quincy is deeply indebted for its excellent park and boulevard system, steps are being taken to improve and create esplanades as soon as the government establishes the harbor lines. Not only should improvement be in order along the busy dock and wharf thoroughfares of the river town but the banks of the river should be planted and beautified on its whole course. The value of such improvement work can scarcely be estimated; it would add to the pleasure of living in such a town immensely. Ng Ng An Important Cemetery Question The work of getting a new cemetery “upon its feet,” as the saying goes, does not depend entirely on the pro- moters, the cost, or the beauty of the improvements. It depends largely on the attitude of the community towards the nn.v enterprise. This attitude often means prejudice against conditions; possibly in most cases it is due to the greater distance from town, a necessity brought about by modern ideas and practice in cemetery development. There is no doubt that in spite of the disadvantages and objectionable features, now more or less recognized in the older burial grounds, people will customarily be slow in setting aside their objections to the longer journey and in patronizing the farther yet far more beautiful and con- venient grounds of the modern cemeterj-, so long as ac- commodation maj" be found nearer home. - However, where all the details connected with the establishment of a new cemetery have been carefully considered, it, never- theless, shows a lack of public spirit and intelligence on the part of any community to hold back, their patronage where every matter connected with the disposal of the dead amid beautiful and restful surroundings marks up- to-date progress. It is possible that a scheme of educa- tion through the liberal use of the local press, in addition to some personal missionary work, would more rapidly create a responsive public feeling. The Society of American Florists The tw’enty-fifth anniversary meeting of the S. A. F. & O. H., which was held last month in Cincinnati, O., was a delightful and interesting occasion, and should spur the members on to still greater accomplishrrients. The re- marks of Air. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, on the work and effects of the Association during the 25 years of its existence were particularly instructive. The development of the flower growing industry from a comparatively few scattered and often poorly equipped plants in 1884, to the immense and profitable establishments of today, as well as the general distribution of florists’ stores in nearly every town, great or small, in the country, must be placed to the credit of the Society. Mr. Vaughan well expressed the idea of its influence on the gardeners and florists of years ago. whose love of the art and devotion to it, led them to overlook the business end and kept them finan- cially at the foot of the list of commercial enterprises. All this is changed, and flower and plant growing and distribution have become important lines of business, and of perhaps greater importance really, is that the love of flowers and plants«has been vastly increased in both, city and country, improving and uplifting in the influence ex- erted for good upon all classes of citizens. The work of the Society of American Florists has been closely in line with that of the Association of American Cemetery Su- perintendents, which has resulted in such a radical change in the common understanding and development of the modern cemetery. In so short a time as 25 years mar- velous results have been attained through the labors of these Associations. Improvement Club Efforts The advantages of holding exhibits of flowers, plants, vegetables and all kinds of improvement work, with the addition of money or other prizes, cannot be too often urged upon Improvement Clubs. The spirit of emulation and friendlj^ rivalry always finds, in spite of higher^ as- pirations, considerable inspiration in the knowdedge that a possible prize looms up for the season’s efforts. Es- pecially is this the case with the children who may be- come practically interested in the show. Some very nice and instructive programs, enlisting the enthusiastic co- operation of the communitj^ in general, have been carried out in these annual exhibits. PARK SUPERINTENDENTS IN MEETING AT SEATTLE Long to be remembered was the Seattle convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents held August 9 to 11. Mayor Miller, of Seattle, delivered the address of welcome and Presi- dent Duncan responded. Routine business was conducted and then a paper read by Mr. Adams, of Omaha, on the duties of a park super- intendent. A lively discussion fol- lowed. On the third day Harrisburg, Pa., was selected as the next place of meeting, and these officers elected: W. S. Manning, Baltimore, Md., pres- ident; F. L. Mulford, Harrisburg, Pa., Sec.-Treas.; vice-presidents: Geo. A. Parker, Supt. of Parks, Hart- ford, Conn.; J. W. Thompson, Supt. of Parks, Seattle, Wash.; E. T. Mische, Supt. of Parks, Portland, Ore.; James Wilson, Commissioner of Parks, Toronto, Can.; Myron H. West., Supt. Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.; J. G. Morley, Supt- of Parks, Los Angeles, Cal. Each of the three days an excur- sion was enjoyed — one viewing the parkways, another the parks and ex- position grounds and another park- ways under construction and civic ob- jects, such as a subterranean comfort, hydraulic filling of the tidal flats, sluicing of the hills, etc. Throughout there was ample to study and interest. With true Seat- tle spirit the members of the Park Board and Superintendent Thompson acted the part of princely and most cordial hosts. President Cheasty in- vited the party to dinner at club down the shore and it was there that the visitors became familiar with “the Se- attle spirit.” The host acted as toast- master, and among the responses was one by Mr. Blaine, the father of the Seattle parks, and from his remarks some inkling could be gained as to why Seattle and her parks have made such remarkable progress. It is said that every city has some one individual whom the public look to for creating progressive projects and approving or disapproving public policies and once such a one speaks it is success or death according to the edict. Such a citizen to Seattle is Mr. Blaine. While not officially identified with the Park Board today, this city builder expressed some ideas as to what Seattle may do to foster a civic center, a street system bet- ter co-ordinated with its parks, con- serving the shores of fresh water lakes and saline bays everywhere washing the feet of Seattle’s hills. His ideas were those of wisdom, care- fully matured and indicated ripe judg- ment with aggressive advancement. The association very fittingly passed a resolution endorsing the general proposition of establishing civic cen- ters as an economic measure as well as one of aesthetics. Each of the ideas advanced by Mr. Blaine found a warm and unanimous seconding by resolution of the association. As a whole there were three cardi- nal phases worthy of mention as the principal experience of the convention. The first was the rapid strides made within the past three years in Seat- tle’s parks. Three years ago Inter- laken parkway was supposed to have excessive provision for driving when a twenty-foot wide drive was pro- vided. It is now clear that it is much too narrow and will require early cor- • rection. Parkways are being pushed in all directions and questions and criticisms were being continually brought out. It is this phase of a convention that has special value. Each one was peculiarly interested and criticisms were always made and accepted in a friendly way. No one understands the caution necessary in commenting upon projects under process of construction better than people who are publicly identified in the same work. If a road metal was especially good, its composition had to be explained, its depth, drain- age, etc., brought to light; if a con- crete matrix was composed of espe- cially fine sand, was rich in cement or otherwise had some peculiarity, the merits and demerits were discussed; if the city erected a poorly designed bridge or put it on an awkward align- ment in relation to a parkway as at Yeslerway it was very generally com- mented upon. Both completed work and that under construction was inspected; it seemed to be interesting to many of the eastern visitors that cuts along the parkway required the rising slope to be anchored by piles to prevent the entire embankment from slipping. The Pacific coast is geologically very new; the least disturbance of the soil makes itself prominently noticeable — here it is not a matter of the rate of surface sloping, but rather whether or not the clay stratum has been dis- turbed. In all construction work along the Pacific coast avalanches are com- mon and must be calculated with. The inspection of the parks prompt- ed a continuous talk of “shop.” Seat- tle provides a park maintenance fund of one mill on an assessed 80 per cent valuation plus 10 per cent of license and certain court fees. For 1910 it is estimated that $277,000 will be thus made available. In addition a half million dollar bond issue is to supply further funds. Most of the park activity has taken place during the past two years and wonderful strides are evident. Some 14 miles of parkway exist, as also a number of parks, one. Woodland, over 100 acres in extent. Bailey Peninsula, a fine flat upland, heavily wooded and commanding excellent views, beside providing boating facilities, a terminus to one of the drive systems and ex- cellent bathing and p^rk opportunities in general, is now under process of acquisition by condemnation proceed- ings. That so-called “Seattle Spirit” is well typified by the Park Board. Contin- uous progress has marked its exist- ence. Mr. Blailie was its president of the old board. Mr. Shrewsbury remains to guide its acts in conform- ity with the original and clearly de- fined policy. All its work has been carefully co-ordinated with a general scheme defined at the outset. Nothing within human probability seems to balk consummation and each citizen assumes a responsibility in forwarding the interests of the city at large. This is evident in the Park Board as elsewhere. One member paid $30,000 for land selected for a PARK AND CEMETERY. 108 park and promptly donated it as a park; another gave a land tract in an- other section; one gave a considera- ble area adjoining his residence. Numerous donations were made of shore properties and riparian rights. Seattle is forging ahead and her park activities are fully abreast of any of her public works. At one of the sessions Mr. Richards read a paper on drive construction. is, therefore, especially noteworthy to have the conclusions of experiments conducted and sustained over a period of years under such favorable circum- stances. It was stated that Chicago’s South Side Park budget would re- quire less for maintenance in 1910 than it did this year and that is with greater use of the properties. A par- allel to this has not been previously announced from any city. but rather during ordinary circum- stances and while work was in actu- al routine progress. Inspection was made from behind the scenes as well as from the front. As a whole the convention was ex- ceedingly pleasant and profitable and one long to be remembered. On the fourth day the members journeyed by boat to Tacoma. Nel- son Bennett and Judge Snell of the INTERESTING LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF SEATTLE EXPOSITION GROUNDS. Part of Garden, showing Hybrid Roses and English Daisies Slope at Main Entrance planted with 1,500 White Geraniums as Ground Cover in Foreground. Everyone recognizes Chicago’s South Side parks’ position in park develop- ment and Mr. Richards’ responsibil- ity in their administration. His pa- per amply justified what was to be expected from that source. Suffice it to say at this time that his deduc- tions were in favor of a 2-inch sur- face of stone aggregate mixed with asphalt of a low melting point as the most satisfactory for all sorts of park traffic. This conclusion was reached in the face of bitulithic, cement grouting and various special prepa- rations and is supposed to be sani- tary, non-slipping, easily repaired, long lived, resilient, suitably plastic and otherwise multitudinously satis- factory. Chicago’s problem requires the highest efficiency and utmost sat- isfaction first, secondly long life and low maintenance cost. This is quite a contrast to first cost considerations facing most other administrations. It It was interesting to learn that Chi- cago proposes to asphalt her play- grounds rather than pave with hard material, such as gravel or to use cinders or tan bark — the latter object- ed to on sanitary grounds! Mr. Dun- can, of Boston, still favors cinders, but others preferred the tan bark. Playgrounds, appliances, merits and demerits of special apparatus and provisions were debated, bathing, swimming, meeting facilities discussed and the ever-present conditions of how to make them more efficiently use- ful while minimizing the incident dangers of use and travel in parks and playgrounds were repeatedly ar- gued from various phases. Altogether the interest and profit of mutual interchange of ideas and symposiums on park administrative affairs was ever present, especially since the' visitation was not made af- ter careful preparation as to effect Tacoma Park Board did the honors of the city. After a bay ride via launch to a lumber mill and smelter, Point Defiance, Wright and McKinley parks were visited. Enroute the res- idential portion of the city was view- ed. Early the following morning — it was a memorable morning — Friday, the 13th of August, thirteen automo- biles left the Tacoma Hotel for “Mt. Tacoma.” Seventy-two miles by au- to cars and 7 miles a horseback brought the party to Paradise valley. Enroute grand old cedars (Thuya gagantea) Fir (Abies nobilis and Pseu- dotsuga Douglasi) and Hemlock (Tsuga Mertensiana), some six and eight feet in diameter and ascending to heights of over 200 ft., were com- mon in the Forest Reserve and Park traversed on the way. The forest scenes were literally sublime, Mt. Tacoma, mantled in snow* splashed with the dull browns of barren rocks 109 PARK AND CEMETERY. and emerald hues of glaciers, was a rapturous sight. Having ridden to the foot of Nesqually glacier, passing on the way torrential cascades of mountain spring streams and gushing mud streams rising from the glaciers and becoming discolored by the ad- mixture of lava, the party eventually took the mountain trail. A forest fire in 1892 left the moun- tain side a waste, but since the trees have assumed a beautiful silvery sheen, dazzling in its bright glare. On the upward trip were passed fields of Bryanthus, Erythronium album, vast carpets of Lupinus coerulea, Sorbus, Castilligea and various colo- nies of representatives of a subal- pine flora. Vast stretches of blue, fields of red or yellow and again clusters of pink spread over the fields. It is this sort of aspect in a valley enclosed by peaks, snow-clad, crested and cragged that gives rise to the name of Paradise. Ascent was made to an elevation of but 6,000 ft. The summit of the mountain is over 14,- 000. They did not quite reach the timber line. In the rarefied atmos- phere, at Cloud Cap Camp, the re- past could not be enjoyed by all, but everyone was thoroughly delighted with the trip. After contemplating the scenery yet awhile the return trip began. It was hoodoo day, the 13th and not all completed the return that day. A hundred and fifty-eight miles in one day over roads not the best was fatiguing to the ladies espe- cially, but all were agreed that far be- yond the beautiful bay of the city and the charming woodland and water views of Point Defiance Park, viewing the spirited grandeur of “Mt. Tacoma” and the sublimity of the National Park marked red letter days in the lives of most of the visitors. Comments of the eastern brethren were trite as well as novel; one was impressed by the bigness of things western, — the trees, mountains, dis- tances, opportunities; another by the bustle and action and undauntable attitude of the people; another by the peculiar charm, the contrast and the conquering spirit so general; others expecting wild Indians noted the ma- turity and sanity ; some saw the pro- gressiveness, and all observed the beauty of the northwest. Thus ended the 10th convention of the American Association of Park Su- perintendents. Among those present were; John W. Duncan, Asst- Supt. of Parks, Boston, Mass.; W. M. Shepardson, Supt. of Parks, Middlebury, Conn.; Theo. Wirth, Supt. of Parks, Minne- apolis, Minn., and iMrs. Wirth; John T. Withers, Jersey City, N. J.; Miss Keith, Bridgeport, Conn.; J. G. Mor- ley, Supt. of Parks, Los Angeles, Cal.; Nelson Bennett, Manager of Parks, Tacoma, Wash.; Hans J- Koehler, A. Y. P. Exposition, Supt., Seattle. Wash,; J. W. Thompson, Supt. of Parks, Seattle, Wash.; Emil T. Mische, Supt. of Parks, Portland, Ore.; G. Champion, Supt. of Parks, Winnipeg, Can.; N. K. Saelberg, Supt- of Parks, Great Falls, Mont.; Daniel H. Ellis, Supt. of Parks, Saginaw, Alich.; E. F. A. Reinisch, Supt. of Parks, Topeka, Kan.; J. Albrecht, Supt. of Parks, Pasadena, Cal.; E. A. Sherman, Supt. of Parks, Soux Falls, 3. Dak-; H. S. Richards, Asst- Supt- of South Parks, Chicago, Ilk, and Mrs- Richards; Herman H. Beyer, South Bend, Ind. ; Jackson Dawson, Supt- A-rnold Arboretum, Boston, Mass-; W. R- Adams, Supt- of Parks, Omaha; Neb.; Wm. S. Manning, Supt. of Parks, Baltimore, Md.; D. D. Eng- land, Supt. of Parks, Victoria, B. C-; John B. Berry, Supt. of Parks, Colo- rado Springs, Colo.; E. C. Balzer, Supt. of Parks, Spokane, Wash.; F. Fuller, Asst. Supt. of Parks, Seattle, Wash.; J. H. Hadkinson, Supt. of Parks, Tacoma, Wash.; John Gibson, Bellingham, Wash. ; H. L. Dring, Port- land, Ore.; M. L. Moore, Toledo, O.; M. K. Snell, Tacoma, W^ash. ECHOES That 70 mile automobile ride to the top of Mount Tacoma was the ride of a lifetime to the eastern members. Prof. Lancaster of the Government service took some moving pictures of the party on the narrow mountain roads to use as evidence in further- ' ing the work of good road building. The eastern branch of the Ameri- can Association of Park Superin- tendents met Aug. 28 at Bridgeport, Conn., and had a profitable session of field work and park inspection. The unique features of Seaside Park, one of the finest marine parks in the country, were much admired by the visitors, and Beardsley Park was also the subject of some very favorable comment as a fine example of the natural park. The members of the association were received by Charles E. Keith, superintendent . of parks, and Presi- dent George M- Eames of the board of park commissioners. At 1 o’clock the visitors were ten- dered a banquet in The_ Stratfield and at 2 o’clock they w^ere taken for a President Duncan took advantage of being so far from Boston to see everything of park interest on the Coast and between there and Chica- go. When he got back to that city he was so full of the wonders of western vegetation and scenery that he talked like a ' native western boomer. Besides taking in the Yel- lowstone Park trip and all the other places that any of the rest of the party did, Mr. Duncan visited Ta- coma, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Pasadena, Salt Lake City, Colorado Springs, Denver, and Oma- ha. He was immensely interested in the great private grounds of Pasadena, and the park system of Los Angeles where they are doing fine work in planting the dry hills with pines and cedars. The park systems here is strikingly different from any seen further east, with its wonderful veg- etation and profusion of such plants as crepe myrtles, hollies, laurels, ce- dars, and araucarias. At Colorado Springs he had a very interesting visit with another member of the as- sociation, Carl U. Fohn, -who is in charge of the famous Glen Eyrie estates of General William J. Pal- mer. These grounds are a great park system in themselves, built in a valley 6,000 feet above sea level. The house, built on the lines of a great moss covered Scotch castle, is sup- plied with every convenience of life from its owm plants. The power house has its chimney far up the mountain side, where the smoke is carried from the grounds by forced draft. Mr. Duncan visited Superin- tendent Adams at Omaha, -where he considers the extensive park and bou- levard system one of the best in the country. trip through the parks in automo- biles. Among those present at the meet- ing were Dr. 'Frank Baker, superin- tendent of the national Zoological park, Washington, D. C.; Janies Pet- tigre-n' of Boston; A. G. Waldreaon, New York city; G. A. Parker, Hart- ford, Conn.; A. V. Parker, Worcester, Mass.; Isaac Kelly, La-svrence, Mass.; G. X. Amrhyn, New Haven, Conn.; Henry Frost, Haverhill, iMass-; James Fuller, New London, Conn.; Commis- sioner Green, New London, Conn.; VV. H. Burr, Westport, Conn., presi- dent of the Israel Putnam Memo- rial Ground Commission and J. H. Huss, landscape gardener of the Francis Goodwin estate of Hartford, Conn. EASTERN PARK MEN MEET PARK AND CEMETERY . 110 RAILROAD GARDENERS MEET IN PHILADELPHIA The third annual convention of the American Association of Railroad Gardeners was held Aug. 24, 25 and 26, at Philadelphia and vicinity, with about 45 members present. J. S. Butterfield, landscape gard- ener of the Missouri-Pacific Iron ^Mountain system, presided at the opening session in Horticultural Hall, and the visitors were formally wel- comed by Mr. John Westcott of the Philadelphia Florists’ Club. The morning session was mainly occupied with routine business, in- cluding reports and appointments of committees. Twenty accessions to the membership were reported. During the afternoon the visitors were the guests of the Reading Rail- way and visited Norristown, Lans- dale, Jenkintown and Trenton Junc- tion, where they inspected the gard- ens on the railroad property at those points. At the evening session officers for the ensuing year were elected as fol- lows : President, Geo. B. Moulder,, chief gardener for the Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago; vice-president, Patrick Fo3% chief gardener of the Norfolk & Western Railway; secre- tary' and treasurer, J. S. Butterfield of the Alissouri-Pacific system. Executive Committee: Chairman, John Gipner of the Michigan Central; M, R, Smith of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Chas. H. Fritschler of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. The Ideal Gardener” was the sub- ject of a paper by E. A. Richard- son, chief gardener of the Boston & Albany Railroad. Mr. Richardson spoke in part as follows: The Ideal railroad gardener is an all- around man, combining In his make-up the talents of the painter, engineer, gardener, contractor, employer and diplomat; a man of imagination to see the picture into which the station and Its surroundings will finally round up with correct lines and pro- portions, gradations of color and their har- monious blending. He has a knowledge of the plants, trees and shrubs W'hich will give finest effect, and experience of the adapta- bility of the plants tp fulfil the exacting conditions of railroad • surroundings wdth smoke, cinders and dust. A broad-minded man by nature, training and travel, acquainted with what has been done in formal and natural gardening, he will not be bound by either school. Ho will have the adaptability to see the best thing fitted lor the place to be treated, whether it be formal or natural, ornate or simple, and the courage to carry out the scheme, whatever pressure may be brought to put in something out of place. A man of common sense, he will design station grounds which are convenient for the trans- action of the public business, either freight or pa.ssenger, w'lth ample room, easy lines and grades. Unnecessary angles and curves will be avoided. The contractor’s gift of being able to es- timate the cost of material and labor, the ability to do work with economy, will give him the consideration and respect of the manager of the road and of the community; the railroad and the community often w'ork- Ing together lor a common end. His diplo- matic gift and patience are of great serv- ice in reconciling conflicting opinions and in the uniting of opposing factions in the support of a common scheme when the railroad and community have to work to- gether. Known to be able and disinterest- ed, this gift of his often enables a plan to be carried through to a successful end which would otherwise fail. A paper by N. S. Dunlop, on “Does Railroad Gardening Increase Busi- ness,” was also read. On Wednesday morning the con- vention visited Paoli, Pa., twenty miles distant, and was entertained by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The afternoon was spent in a pleas- ure trip up the Delaware, to River- ton, N. J., where the Henry A. Dreer nurseries were inspected. At the evening session there was informal discussion and a paper, “The Effect of Railroad Gardening on Em- ployees,” was read by Mr. J. A. Byrne of Relat’, Ind., gardener for the B. & O. Railway. The Effect of Railroad Gardening on the General Public,” and the ques- tion, Should a Railroad Operate its own Greenhouses?” were also dis- cussed in detail. On Thursday a visit was made to the forest nurseries of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad system at Morris- ville, near Trenton, N. J., and from there the party went to New York City for an inspection of railroad gardens in that vicinitj'. USES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF TARVIA The prepared coal tar which has been standardized in America under the name of Tarvia, is made in sev- eral different forms. Eor different types of work the density of the tar- via necessarily varies according to the size of the voids in the macadam. The mission of the tarvia is to fill all voids and solidify there to a plas- tic, rubber-like consistency, in which the stone is firmly embedded in the manner indicated by the accompany- ing illustration. In building a new road the voids will of course be very large, and ac- cordingly the very dense Tarvia X is used. For a road which is being resur- faced with fine stone screenings, a tarvia of light consistency, namely, Tarvia A, is used. It will penetrate readily into the smaller interstices of the screenings where Tarvia X could net be made to percolate. For an old road where the inter- stices have been filled tight with dust, a still lighter grade of tarvia will be required, the material called Tar- via B, which can be used from a mod- ified sprinkling cart and will soak into the fine pores of such a road and make a strong, durable bond. Tarvia B is of course the least ex- pensive of the three applications. It requires onlj' to be spread over the road like an oil, and expensive appa- SECTION OF MACADAM ROAD, SHOWING TARVIA FILLED MACADAM ON SAND FILLED BASE. ratus is not necessary. Tarvia A used with a new top layer of stone screenings is more effective because it goes deeper. Such application re- quires a steam roller and apparatus for heating as well as spreading the tarvia The Tarvia X treatment introduces the tarvia into the inch stone and is still more thorough than the Tar- via A treatment. A road built with Tarvia X will retain its evenness of contour regardless of the wear on the top surface, and the maintenance of , the road wilt for many 3'ears be con- fined solely to the top coat of ’ fine screenings. The durability of this top coat can also be greath' prolonged b3' the use of Tarvia A. The ideal method therefore in which to build an economical, macadam road is to use Tarvia X in the con- struction and when after -a year or two the surface begins to wear, to repair it with screenings combined with Tarvia A. Ill PARK AND CEMETERY. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT for MOUNT ROYAL PARK PLAN FOR IMPROVEMENT OP FLETCHER'S FIELD, MONTREAL. R. A. Outhet, Landscape Arch. The plan for Fletcher’s Field, Mount Royal Park, Montreal, shown herewith, was prepared ^by R. A. Outhet for the Civic Improvement Committee of the Province of Que- bec Architects’ Association, and the aim has been to harmonize it with the original plans for Mount Royal Park, prepared by the late Frederick Law Olmsted. It is recommended that Durocher street, Oxenden avenue, and Univer- sity street, be extended, so as to wind round as shown on the plan, in order that the sides of the Park will be bounded by streets. The plan further shows University street extended to connect with Park avenue and the proposed new Boule- vard at the Circular “Place” thus ob- taining an additional entrance to the Park. At the junction of the proposed Boulevard and the Incline Railway, is shown a circular “Place” in the centre of which it would be desirable to erect a handsome fountain. The ground to the east of Park avenue is laid out as a playground. The three rows of trees shown would form an effectual screen between the playing fields and the houses facing towards the Park. The spaces be- tween the trees are designed for ten- nis and bowling, and the outer play- NATURE AN It is as true today as it was a decade ago when “Garden and Forest” said: “Those who make public parks are apt to attempt too much and to in- jure not only the beauty, but the prac- tical value of their creations by load- ing them with unnecessary and costly details. From the time when land- scape gardening was first practiced as a fine art to the present daj^ park makers have been ambitious to change the face of Nature — to dig lakes where lakes did not exist and to fill up lakes where they did exist, to cut down nat- ural hills and to raise artificial ones, to plant in one place and to clear in another, and generally to spend money in construction entirely out of propor- tion to the value of the results ob- tained. “The best art is simple in its ex- pression, and the highest form of art in gardening is perhaps that which, taking advantage of such natural con- ditions as it finds, makes the best of them with the smallest expenditure of labor and money. Simplicity of design means not only economy of construc- ing-fields for football, lacrosse and cricket. These outer fields are sep- arated by rows of trees which would afford shade for spectators and serve to keep the players within their own boundaries. A new Road is shown winding up towards the Park Road from the Central Circular Place; by this means, pleasure vehicles and pedes- trians can enter the quiet of the park sooner and get away from the traffic tion, but, what is of even more impor- tance, economy of maintenance. The importance of making it possible to keep a great park in good condition without excessive annual expenditures for maintenance is a simple business demonstration. Yet park makers, with their unnecessary walks and drives, with their expensive buildings which are always getting out of repair; their ponds, in which there is rarely water enough to keep them fresh; their brooks, which are frequently dry ; their elaborate planting schemes often ill- suited to the positions where they are wanted, make parks expensive to con- struct and impossible to maintain in good condition, especially in this coun- try,, where the cost of labor is heavy and there is difficulty in obtaining un- der existing municipal methods skilled and faithful gardeners to keep any- thing like an elaborate garden in good condition. The most superficial ex- amination of any of our large urban parks will show that wherever elabo- rate construction and planting have been attempted they have failed from of Park avenue and the Cemetery Road at the same time, obtaining a grade which is not excessive. The crossing of Mount Royal av- enue Vith Park avenue is accentuated by a circle. The plan in general is prepared for the purpose of making the first glimpse of the Park at the junction of Park and Pine aves., in keeping with the great beauty of this famous Mountain Park. subsequent neglect to produce the effects expected from them, and that broad, quiet, pastoral and sylvan fea- tures are the only permanent and real- ly valuable ones we can hope to at- tain in our great city parks. “It is needless, perhaps, to repeat what has been said so often in the columns of this journal, that, in our judgment, the greatest value and only justification of great urban parks ex- ist in the fact that they can bring the country into the city and give to people who are obliged to pass their lives in cities the opportunity to enjoy the refreshment of mind and body which can only be found in comnlun- ion with Nature and the contemplation of beautiful natural objects harmo- niously arranged. Parks have other and very important uses, but this is their highest claim to recognition. If it is the highest duty of the park maker to bring the country into the city, every road and every walk not absolutely needed to make the points of greatest interest and beauty easily accessible is an injury to his scheme. D ART IN PARK MAKING PARK AND CEMETERY. 112 and every building and unnecessary construction of every kind reduces the value of his .creation, as do trees and shrubs, and other flowering plants which are out of harmony with their surroundings. Such things injure the artistic value of a park; they unneces- sarily increase its cost and make the burden of annual maintenance more difficult to bear. Simplicity of design often means a saving of unnecessary expenditure, but it should not mean cheapness of construction. The most expensive parks to maintain are those which have been the most cheaply constructed, for cheap construction means expensive maintenance. Roads and walks should not be made where they are not needed, and they should not be made unnecessarily wide to accommodate possible crowds of an- other century, but those that are built should be constructed in the most thorough and durable manner possible in order to reduce the cost of future care. When lawns are made the work should be done thoroughly; and no tree or shrub should be planted in any manner but the best and in the most carefully prepared soil. Only as little work as possible should be done, but GROWTH OF A vital consideration in the welfare of every community is that of the conditions under which its children play, and I mean every community, for it is not the congested district alone, but the country village as well, that needs to see to it that the recre- action of the boys and girls is of the righ sort. I know of conditions that exist in a little country town in New York state where I lived as a boy that would cause the social workers in the vilest sections of our big cit- ies to sit up and take notice. Just as truly as it is for the best interests of the State to provide every child a seat in school, so truly is it to the state’s interest to see that ev- ery girl is given an opportunity to play wholesomely and well. That does not mean that its duty is dis- charged when it sets aside a plot of ground and labels it a “playground.” There must be persons in charge who understand boys and girls, and who, as Mr. DeGroot of Chicago puts it, “are so manly and so woman- ly that their manliness and womanli- ness shall rub off onto the boys and girls and help them to become of the same sort.” Emerson said: “Send your boys to school and they get their educa- tion on the way.” It is strange that il should be done in the most perma- nent manner. The best investments a park-maker can make is in good soil, for without an abundance of good soil it is impossible to produce large and permanent trees and good grass, and the chief value of any park is in its trees and grass; and if the money which has been spent in disfiguring American parks with unnecessary buildings and miscellaneous architec- tural terrors had been used in buying loam, they would not now present the dreary ranks of starved and stunted trees and the great patches of wornout turf which too often disfigure them. Only the hardiest trees and shrubs should be used in park planting,, for there is no economy in planting trees or shrubs which are liable to be killed any year, partially if not entirely by frost or heat or drought, which an- nu.alh' ruin many exotic garden plants, nor is it wise to use in public parks plants which, unless carefully watched, are disfigured every year by insects. It costs a great deal of money to cut out dead and dying branches from trees and .shrubs, to remove dead trees and fight insects, but work of this sort must be done unless the selection of plants used to decorate our .parks is made with the greatest care. Fortunately, the trees and shrubs w'hich need the least attention, and are therefore the most economical ones to plant, are the best from an artistic point of view; and to transfer to canvas, no great variety of material is needed. The most restful park scenery, and, therefore, the best, can be obtained by using judiciously a small number of varieties of the hard- iest trees and shrubs, and the wise park maker will confine his choice to those species which Nature helps him to select, and which, therefore, stand the best chance of permanent success. No park can be beautiful unless the trees which adorn it are healthy, and no tree is healthy which suffers from uncongenial climatic conditions and insufficient nourishment. Even if they are not inharmonious in a natural combination, the trees and shrubs which need constant pruning to keep them from looking shabby are too ex- pensive for park use and should, there- fore, be rejected when broad natural effects in construction and econorny of maintenance are aimed for by the park maker.” THE From address by Lee F, Hanmer, Secretary Play- ground Association oj America. it has taken us so long to discover a truth that, by one man, at least, was known and appreciated years ago. The present widespread interest in play and games is not to be classed with fads and fancies, but it is a log- ical awakening to truths long known but W'hich we have been too busy and too much engrossed to remember or to appreciate. Boards of Education and Boards of Flealth are coming to realize that modern conditions make it worth while to look after the physical wel- fare of the boys and girls. This re- alization has had much to do with the development of playgrounds. There is another side to this play- ground question, however, that is worthy of careful consideration, and that is their social values — their in- fluence on human relations. Pres- ent day students of Sociology tell us that poverty and crime are not so much due to inherent defects in individuals as to their mal-adjustment in society. In 1907 playgrounds were in op- eration in ninety cities. During the summer of 1908 one hundred and sev- enty-seven cities have conducted playgrounds, and one hundred and IDEA eighteen others are known to be considering their establishment. This means that in a ‘single year the num- ber of cities having playgrounds has been nearly doubled, and that one out of every seven of the remaining cit- ies that have a population of 10,000 or over are planning to make a be- ginning. A careful and detailed study has been made during the past year of the influence of playgrounds and rec- reation centers of Chicago on juven- ile delinquency. The investigation was carried on under the direction of Allen T. Burns, Dean of the Chi- cago School of Civics and Philan- thropy. His conclusions, which seem to be well founded, are that “a small park neighborhood recreation center, such as those used on the South side in Chicago, can be ex- pected to-be coincident -with a twen- ty-eight and one-half per cent de- crease of delinquency with a radius of one-half mile, conditions of the neighborhood in other respects re- maining the same.” The cost of such a playground in Chicago has been $1.76 for establishment, and twenty three cents a year for maintenance for the property holder of $10,000- {Continued on page 12S) PLAYGROUND PARK AND CEMETERY . PLAN for a RESIDENCE TOWN 1 13 LANDSCAPE So seldom has a town foresight enough to start with an adequate landscape plan for its growth on lines of beauty and convenience, that the accompanying plan for Point Grey, British Columbia, is of partic- ular interest to landscape architects and students of city planning. The plan was prepared by Freder- ick G. Todd, landscape architect, of Montreal, and the following inter- esting facts are from Mr. Todd’s re- port on the plan to F. C. Gamble, Public Works Engineer, Victoria, B-C. Point Grey forms a bold promitory between English Bay and the North Arm of the Fraser River, and covers an area of approximately five and a half square miles. In studying the design for Point Grey it is assumed that it would al- ways remain a residential community, and for this reason it is not necessary or desirable to adhere to straight lines and regular lots. It is a well known fact that curving streets fol- lowing in general the contours of the ground are more suitable for residential property than are straight streets, and that when well and con- veniently arranged, the property on such curving streets brings a much higher price than if divided into reg- ular blocks by straight streets. Aside from the higher value of the lots, there is also a large saving in the construction of the streets when they are built as much as possible follow- ing the contours. In designing the arrangement of the streets and boulevards for Point Grey it has been of first importance to decide on a municipal centre, for especially with curving streets it is necessary to have, the design syste- matic and convenient, else there is a constant confusion and waste of en- ergy. This municipal centre, where would be located the village stores, schools and churches needed by the community, is placed on the com- manding plateau a little east of Cape Point Grey. From this municipal centre indicated by the '“Village Green”, radial streets extend in all directions giving convenient corhmu- nication with all parts of the commu- nity, with Vancouver, and with the outlying country. Cross streets connect all the property with the main boulevards at frequent inter- vals and make it possible to reach the various parks and beaches by the most direct route. From the Village Green radiate three main boulevards, beside the Marine Drive. It is suggested as shown on the plan that all steep slopes, both along the shore and in the ravines be kept as public parks. These would be of very little use for building purposes, while they will make the finest parks imaginable, and will be a great boon to the future population. The four ravines with the land between the Marine Drive and the water constitute such an extensive and valuable park, that the only other provision for park purposes deemed necessary was to provide a certain amount of level land where it w'ould be easily available for the different sections of the municipality to use as playgrounds and amusement parks. STREET PEAN FOR A CANADIAN TOWN SITE. Frederick G. Todd. Montreal, Landscape Arch. HOW TO SECURE INDIVIDUALITY IN GARDENS To secure individuality in small gar- dens, there is no better plan than con- fining oneself (mainly) to the species and varieties of an alliance of tribes (or cohort) of plants. The following hints refer to plants of a single group of the kind. Anybody buying and planting Mag- nolias, should always do so rather late in spring, and they should be well cut back if of any size. Any decent nur- seryman will so instruct you. Clematis of the large flowered type are best bought in pots, and care should be taken that they don’t dry to death. They are best planted in soils of a moist — but not wet — character. They are in fine shades of purple, red- dish and white. Cerdiphyllum Japonicum, “Katsura tree,” is a novel small tree from Japan, with leaves somewhat like those of a “red-bud,” and a compact upright habit of growth. The flowers don’t amount to much. The “Katsura” does best in a moist soil. Berberis Thunbergi makes a fine dwarf hedge on top of an embankment or within a retaining wall. It is cov- ered with crimson scarlet berries in early winer. It is not dear. Single plants are fine ; so, too are the purple leaved and evergreen “barberries.” They all have yellow flowers. Akebia quinata is a very clean hardy “vine” with divided leaves. Capital lor a clothes post. Pasonias, “planes,” are bidding fair to outshine roses. There must be a lot of “wizards” in this world that Carnegie hasn’t got in touch with, and they do great stunts, greater than the California character can ever hope to catch up to. They had the great Hall of the Mas- sachusetts Horticultural Society filled with thousands of blooms last June — in all shades from white, through pinks, etc., to deep crimsons and ma- roons, some deliciously scented. Small plants of these newer kinds may be PARK AND CEMETERY. 114 had for 50 cents, or $1, if very new and fine. Festiva maxima is about the finest white. Belle of France fine pink, grandiflora rubra dark purple, “old crimson,” still one of the best. If anyone can they should visit the nurseries in early June, and select the shades of color and types of fragrance they desire, for some are sweet, and others hardly So, but the flowers are really superb. There are a fine lot of “tree” or shrubby Pseonias, too, which are more expensive, but very handsome, indeed. Roth classes re- spond splendidly to good soil and lib- eral- treatment, but when once planted the less they are moved the better. Delphiniums, “larkspurs,” of the perennial kinds are another superb lot of plants with the very showiest kind of purple and bluish shades of bloom, in lon-g spikes. They flower from early to late summer. The annual larkspurs are also well worth growing and are in purple and pink shades and white. Many a small garden might make this genus a lead- ing feature, and so get out of the ordi- nary rut. "Water-lilies,” chiefly Nymphseas and Nelumbiums, belong to this group, and no doubt there are those who would like to make a feature of them. For . small gardens half oil-bar- rels make good tubs in which to grow the smaller kinds. Dreers, Riverton, N. J., are great growers of these things in this country, and beginners will be well repaid if they visit there during summer. The tubs are not handsome and are best sunk in the ground. The foregoing are a few leading- genera in a single allied group of plants, which may be used to give a small garden distinction. That is to say they may, any one of them, be the key of the composition. There are a great many fine genera in the same group for those who want more variety and have room to grow them, such as Thalictrum, with hand- some foliage. Anemone hepatica in spring. Anemone Japonica in autumn, both in purplish shades and white, and the better of partial shade. “Batchel- or’s buttons,” -Caltha, in “green and gold,” Trollius, Heleborus, Aconitum, Actea, Xanthorhiza — a low shrub, and Epimediums; and these with their manjf varieties are all plants of ster- ling merit, and would of course ren- der anj^one’s garden planted with them alone quite distinct. It is not meant that roses should be banished, but let the rose man or woman work their garden, while you work with your Clematis and Paeo- nias, and water-lilies. ‘Try to become specialists in partic- ular groups of plants, and not mere haphazards or imitators. Any newspaper in the country will give you nauseating iterations of in- structions in the style of seed cata- logues, but the result of it all is a marked want of individuality. This applies of course to the plants- of the gardens; not to the numbers or twists of their roadways or path- ways or anyways. There are 50 more or less distinct groups (cohorts) in the vegetable kingdom, variously represented in ev- ery zone. Some are represented most fully in the tropics, a few most fully in temperate regions — where, however, two or three tropical groups, such as the black-peppers and mistletoes, dwindle to a single plant or two. These are not subjects for small gardens. James MacPherson. THE ARONIAS AS ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS P'ew shrubs have caused so much confusion amon.g botanists as the Aro- nias. Specimens of arbutifolia were very early^ sent Linnaeus, the father of modern botany, but he at first con- fused it with Mespilus — to which genus that curious fruit, the German Medlar belongs, but that was untenable — though he named it Mespilus arbuti- folia in 1753, but finding the name un- tenable, his son in 1781, called it Py- rus arbutifolia. In 1803, Michaux in his Flora Boreale Americana, called it Mespilus arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa. But still these shrubs evidently be- longed properly neither to the genus Mespilus nor to the Genus Pyrus. So in 1807, Christian Hendrik Persoon named the genus Aronia. The second species was discovered about in 1800, and being supposed to be a variety of the first named species, went through as much confusion as the first discovered species. The third species is practically a recent discovery. One great trouble with botanists is, that few ever met all three species growing together. One of my great- est surprises was to meet all three species growing together, thus show- ing their widely diverse appearance, in the much neglected Arboretum, in Palmer Park, in Detroit, Mich. I had furnished two species to the .Arbore- tum, but never had met even those two growing together. Few species of shrubs differ more widely than do the 3 species constituting the genus Aronia. All are very fine shrubs for ornamental planting, but differing widely in habit some judgment should be used in selecting and planting them. Each has its own place in our orna- mental planting. All three planted in a group, make a very good combina- tion; in this case due consideration of diversity in height should be exer- cised. With this by the way of introduc- tion, I will proceed to describe the three species constituting this genus — all purely American. I should state, however, that the ornamental value of these shrubs is constituted in their handsome foliage, numerous pure white flowers, and in their decidedly ornamental fruit, which strongly re- semble small apples in form. The name Chokeberry I do not like, but it seems to be the only common name applied to these fine shrubs, evi- dently owing to the disagreeable fla- vor of the fruit, which even the small boy will not eat. The name Aronia is vastly to be preferred as a com- mon name, being shorter than Choke- berry, and better sounding. Red Aronia. Red Chokeberry. Aro- nia arbutifolia (L.) IMedic. A very pretty, much branching shrub, sometimes 1:2 feet tall, but gen- erally much lower in height. Leaves petioled, narrowed or somewhat cun- eate at base, oval, oblong or obovate, obtuse, or abruptly short-pointed at the apex, serulate-crenulate, glabrous (smooth) above, usually densely wool- ly below; flower-clusters (cymes), ter- minal— at ends of branches, but later on they are overtopped by sterile branches, that grow out below there flower-clusters — compound; flowers very many, white or purplish, about one-half of an inch wide, calyx and peduncles woolly. Emit a pome, not truly a berry, but after the form of an apple, globose, or somewhat flattened, 1/6 to 1/4 of an inch thick, bright red, with russet-like spots, very far from pleasant flavored, hence ordinary com- mon name. It is a neat, pretty shrub, branching very low, ornamental for foliage, flowers and fruit. Range: Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to Florida, and Louisiana. Flowers in March to May, according to latitude. It is a very good park shrub. Native in swamps or wet woods. PARK AND CEMETERY 1 15 3. Purple Fruited Aronia. Purple Fruited Chokeberry. Aronia atropur- purea N. L. Britton, n. sp. This is perhaps the most abundant species of Michigan, is much taller than the other species, usually above 5 feet high, sometimes 12 feet or more tall. While for a background this is the best species, because of its height, it is not as handsome a species as the next, however, in foliage, the, leaves not being shining as in the next spe- cies, but it is usually much neater in habit of branching than next species. It is emphatically the swamp species, usually found in swamps. Calyx; pedi- cle, and lower leaf-surfaces, woolly; flowers small, white, pretty; fruit, ob- long to globose, smaller than that of next species, purple-black. Flowers from April to June, according to lati- tude. Range: Northern States to Florida, in wet soil. Type from Ar- lington, Staten Island. Black-fruited Aronia. Black Choke- berry. Aronia nigra (Willd.) Britton. For its foliage effect, much hand- somer than the preceding, but in habit — save when very young — much in- ferior to it, however, its very hand- some foliage completely hides its de- fective habit in the summertime. While it is sometimes found in swamps, it is usually found in more or less dry, sandy, soils, on both plains and high- lands, seeming to prefer the low sandy plains. Leaves obovate or oval, short- petioiled, crenulate, dark shining green above, paler on under side, both sides smooth or nearly so. It is not nearly as tall a shrub as the preceding, usual- ly less than 5 or 6 feet tall, commonly about 4 feet tall. The young shrubs are very slender and whiplike, with but few short branches, as it grows older, the branches become more coarse and scraggly, not neat and slen- der like the preceding, but its ill-shape is more than compensated for, by its handsome foliage, and the fact that it is the lowest growing Aronia makes it an important shrub in planting out. Aronia atropurpurea is' the tallest of the genus, Aronia arbutifolia the next, Aronia nigra, is the lowest in height. Fruit at first green, then changing to red, and then to purple, finally be- coming nearly clear black, all covered with russet spots like an apple, glo- bose or oval somewhat smaller than that of the last, falling off much sooner than- the second species, which sometimes keeps its fruits until early winter. Range: Northern States, to Ontario, and Michigan, south to Flor- id. Season: March to June, according to latitude. All these shrubs are worthy of a place in parks, cemeteries and larger private grounds. Aronia arbutifolia is more common eastward than in the west. I have never met it wild in -Michigan, where both other species are fairly common. They are all spe- cially recommended as shrubs to grow for bird foods, birds being very fond of their small apple-like fruits, which are totally inedible even to the small boy. Wilfred A. Brotherton. BEDDING vs. SHRUBBERY ON STATION GROUNDS The use of both bedding plants and shrubs should be governed by the- surroundings, the size of the grounds, their location and shape and by the training of the patrons of the road. What ivould be' fitting or in keeping in one place would be out of place in another. Grass alone with one or two pic- turesque trees would please a certain class of people far better than the best display of flowers that could be put on the grounds. One or more shrubs rightly placed will hide some unsightly object the entire year and give a sense of repose and refinement which otherwise wmuld be lacking. In another locality wdth a different class of patronage a brilliant or even a gaudy display of color would make the people Oh ! and Ah ! and make them brag about their station as hav- ing the best layout on the road. To some people shrub.bery alone is tame after it is out of bloom; they want color all the time — foliage, shape, blending of the colors of shrubs and their habits do not appeal to them. Some pieces of land are too small for the use of shrubs to be effective, the land would have a choked up, a crowded appearance. On these small plots care would have to be taken not to overcrowd even with plants; a sufficient foreground will heighten the color effect. Too many plants will give the effect of an overdressed woman with too much ornament; it B ! E A. Richardson, Newtonville, Mass., Land- scape Gardener, Boston & Albany Railway, may attract but ' will not finally sat- isfy. In railroad gardening w'e aim to get a pleasing picture as well as finely grown and attractive plants. Where one can, the smaller pieces of land should be used for the bedding plants whether for flower or foliage effects, leaving the larger plots of land to be treated with shrubs and trees. Here judgment should be used; bordering streets not tree lined, trees can be planted inside on the railroad land where their train- ing can be controlled b}^ the railroad gardeners and not be subject to changes of town and city manage- ment. If there are trees on the street the effect can be attained by shrubs, avoiding a double line of trees and giving the shrubs in beds, groups or single specimen, more room to de- velop, and there will be less robbing of the soil from the tree roots. With shrubs one occasionally sees a good combining of color effects either con- tinuous of kind or by one variety of flowers following another, giving suc- cession of bloom during the season. The extent to w'hich bedding plants can be used will have to be governed by the amount of money the management of the road will ap- propriate for the purpose. If the plants are bought in the open market and a succession are put in the differ- ent beds the bill will not be a slight cne, and will be the same from year to year. If a greenhouse is furnish- ed men will have to be hired by the year instead of by the season be it long or short. If the land is of the right shape and size for the planting of shrubs the first cost need not be more than for one season’s cost of bedding plants on the same area and the cost of maintenance is less al- though the effect cannot be varied from year to year as it can wdth the bedding plants. On the other hand shrubs wdll give effects in winter at the north as fine in their way as those of any summer bloom, with the added advantage over the bedding plants of there being no open beds of bare earth to look at for six months in the year. In the south a wider range of treatment can be used. If careful men can be kept the year through, part of the color effect of the bedding plants can be obtained through her- baceous planting. This brings in again the element of labor, for the head gardener has to leave the care of the beds to those under him. If he is limited to means, to the fixing of the rates of wages so that he can not hire the right kind of men, he must plan to use the ma- terial which will look the best with the least care and skilled labor. Flow- ers must be kept looking trim and neat and grass borders edged or the general effect is that of slackness. PARK AND CEMETERY. 116 f'\ c i PARK NEWS. Wh cc>e'gHC m The district commissioners that gov- ern Washington, D. C., have voted to issue no more permits for placing bill- boards on fences and walls. They were led to take this action by the prospect that the plaza about the new Union station would be ruined. That city has a permit law, which reads as follows : “No person shall place, exhibit, main- tain, or continue any advertisement or poster, except upon such land, houses, buildings, billboards, fences or other structures as the commissioners of the District of Columbia may, in their dis- cretion, authorize in writing for that purpose.” Under this law permits will be re- fused. * * * The purchase by the county of Mil- waukee of the four city blocks from Wells street to State street and from Eighth street to Tenth street, is the most notable recommendation of the re- port to the metropolitan park commis- sion and the county board’s special com- mittee on civic center by its experts, John Nolen and Frederick Law Olm- sted, landscape architects. These two experts, in addition to recommending the use of four city blocks at the crest of Cedar street hill, the closing of North street and the location of the center of the courthouse on the present intersec- tion of Cedar and Ninth streets, recom- mend that the authorities close Seventh street and park the space between Sixth and Eighth streets, widen Wells and State street's from Fourth to Ninth streets and include in the land to be secured the east side of Fourth street to the alley between Third and Fourth streets. * * * FROM THE PARK REPORTS The anual report of the Essex Coun- ly> N. J., Park Commission for 1908, is a brief and business-like account of the many activities of that remarkable system. Much of it is taken up with a description of the Weequalic Reser- vation and the addition thereto, which was the principal undertaking of the year. A brief summary of the re- port is as folows : Amount expended in construction work, $168,223.95 ; cost of maintenance, $146,139.30; new field house erected on the Sussex avenue athletic field of Branch Brook; field house of West Side Park extended; im- provements made in Watsessing Park ; permanent improvement of Riverbank Park delayed Ijecause of board’s in- ability to agree with property owners as to terms of purchase of land; marked increase in public’s use of reservation which are being further improved as natural beauty spots ; good work accom- plished in mosquito extermination by destruction of breeding places; large gains in attendance at playfields. * * * The 49th annual report of the park board of Hartford, Conn., is an inter- esting illustrated book of 40 pages tell- ing of the year’s work. The speedway which was started last year was pushed forward as rapidly as possible at an ex- pense of about $750. A bowling green was constructed at Colt Park, and was much enjoyed by those who participated in the game. The golf links at Good- win Park were well patronized, and a petition for a shelter house, with the proper facilities for the use of the golf players, was presented to the board, and it is hoped that a building will be erected. The public cemeteries of the city, namely, the Old North, Zion Hill and Mt. Pleasant Addition, and the Old South Cemetery, which came under the jurisdiction of this department last April, have been cleaned up, and consid- erable labor spent on straightening stones, leveling graves, cleaning out rub- bish, and filling and grading land suit- able for burial lots. Superintendent George A. Parker gives a tabulated • statement of the details of maintenance and improvement. The total expendi- tures were $44,889. * * * FINE SCULPTURED FOUNTAIN Monumental sculptured fountains of- fer a rare opportunity for the artistic combination of the sculptor’s, architect’s, and granite worker’s handiwork, and the Rebecca Darby Smith fountain re- cently erected at 12th and Spring Gar- den streets, Philadelphia, illustrated on our cover, is one of the handsomest of these that have recently been placed. The sculptural theme of the bronze relief, a representation of the Biblical story of Rebecca at the Well is particu- larly appropriate and has been well ren- dered in all its details by John J. Boyle, the Philadelphia sculptor. The Biblical robes of both male and female figures lend themselves admirably to sculptural uses. The granite work was cut and erected by the Presbrey-Coykendall Co., of New York City. It is Picton Island red granite, whose warm 'color, and simple square lines makes an effective com- position. * * * PARK IMPROVEMENTS A joint committee representing four of the city organizations of Quincy, 111., has recommended changing the name of Sunset Heights to Parker Heights in honor of Mr. Edward J. Parker, the founder of the park system of Quincy and for many years the leader of the public-spirited park work acomplished by the Quincy Boulevard and Park As- sociation. Mr. Parker recently compiled for the Quincy Journal some compara- tive statistics of park work in other cities that make quite a favorable show- ing for the work of the Quincy associa- tion which has secured since 1888, 225 acres of parks for the city at a cost of $165,000. 'G. A. Stephen has presented to Mo- line, 111., a tract to be known as Steph- en’s Park. Alderman Henry Bulder, of Milwau- kee, is advocating the placing of tables and chairs near the band stands in the parks to add to the comfort of park visitors during concerts. Park Superintendent Addison Bain, of Marion, O., has inaugurated an an- nual “Romp Day” for the children in the parks. The exercises included speaking, singing, and roller skating contests for prizes, ring races, donkey contests, ball games, pole climbing, tug- of-war, baby contest, and a “Botanical Search,” in which 100 boys and girls were sent out to find a rare specimen of plant for- prizes. The day was highly enjoyed by 1,500 boys and girls. Webster City, la., has acquired a tim- bered tract of thirteen acres for park purposes. The Knights Templars of Iowa have secured a tract of 35 acres on Clear Lake, la., which will be improved on plans prepared by Prof. Arthur T. Er- win, associate professor of horticulture at the Iowa State College at Ames. This island park will offer a delightful place for holding the annual conclaves of the order. Leading commercial organizations of Des Moines, la., are pushing the plans for a comprehensive system of parks for that city, including the parking of both banks of the river. A new gov- ernment building and a coliseum are also planned. The supervisors of San Francisco are {Continued on page Villi) 117 PARK AND CEMETERY . METHOD of ESTABLISHING CEMETERIES in ENGLAND The difficulties to be overcome in creating a new cemetery are more in- tricate than can be appreciated by the individual, are greater even than can be told in the reading of a paper. Whether it be a parochial author- ity or a private individual, the first, the very first, essential is to find a suitable site, at a suitable figure; in the former case, the price per acre is not the potent factor, it is in the latter, because it is always the ur- gency of the requirements and the public demand, rather than the com- mercial side, which dominates the sit- uation; while in the latter it is the’ prospect of dividends that attracts. In the case of a public body finan- cial troubles are the least concern, and time is of little consequence; while it is easy to imagine how red- tapeism impedes rather than assists progress; but if a private company, not only money but other numberless worries abound, in the shape of oppo- sition from those bodies who, while they refrain from embarking upon such projects themselves, so long as they are able, by their actions restrain others who would. Now, this should not be, for if private enterprise is ready to supply on a commercial basis that which is an absolute ne- cessity for the well-being of the com- munity at large — that which local and imperial authorities fail for senti- mental or other reasons to provide — then at least I suggest — it is un- kind (not to use a stronger term) of the authorities not to remain silent, so long as sanitary precautions and other interests are properly safe- guarded by the promoters. To proceed, the purchase of the land should not be completed unless it has first been approved as a burial site by the Local Government Board, -or you can readily perceive one can be saddled with a white elephant; therefore, either an option should be obtained, or the owner of the property be made in some way or the other an interested and beneficial participator in the scheme, because the ground, on inspection by the doc- tor and engineers of the Local Gov- ernment Board may be deemed un- Paper by F. Field, at the Convention of the British Undertakers' Association in London. suitable. There is also the possibility of the inhabitants of the locality strongly protesting. In either case, the license would be withheld, or if granted, such conditions, such onerous exactions, might surround the ap- proval of the site that its chance of becoming a remunerative investment would be entirely neutralized. A chance W'ord at a committee meeting one evening in May, 1907, caused Mr. H- A. Kellaway to ques- tion me at the close of our delibera- tions. It turned out he knew there was a license in existence for, and it also transpired the speaker knew the owner of, one and the same parcel of land. So we decided, actually de- cided there and then, to form if possible a new cemetery, one that would not clash with undertakers’ in- terests, to furnish while there was yet time one more God’s acre on the verge of a crowded and great city, to supply a want the necessity of which was only too apparent and long felt by the inhabitants of that wonderful, that large, and ever-grow- ing population of South London. Gentlemen, to say that we did not expect to profit by the enterprise would be a lie; but that we made up our mind that no person should lose a farthing if success did not attend our efforts, is equally a fact and the truth. Three days after that wonder- ful revelation three individuals met on the spot where the cemetery is now in existence. How the license fell into our hands need not here be discussed. Suffice it to say that only a very short time elapsed before it was safe in our so- licitor’s keeping. From this time on- ward the difficulties encountered overlapped one another with surpris- ing rapidity, not financial always, but matters of great moment and concern — threats here, threats there, which only acted as an education and spurred us on to fight the strenuous battle ahead. On 19th Sep., 1907, Mr. Kellaway and myself paid £100 deposit and signed an agreement. This agree- ment had passed backwards and for- wards several times froiii the vendors to our own solicitor, before it satis- fied our requirements. (Permit me here to mention that we were lucky in our choice of solicitor, both for the company and ourselves; he prov- ed painstaking, courteous, unassum- ing, yet firm, with a full knowledge of the law he safeguarded all inter- ests in a manner one could not fail to admire.) Under this agreement we could enter into possession of part of the land to at once commence operations; but if we failed to com- plete on the appointed day then any improvement we had made would have been forfeited to the vendors. Further, Mr. Kellaway and myself would have been liable to remove any structure and restore to its original condition all or any part thereof, if called upon so to do. Needless to say, we took no risks on this score. It probably would have been more satisfactory to the vendors if some- thing had been done, as in the light of future events, had we commenced, our hands would have been tied and our freedom to negotiate further at an end. At the worst, our loss at this stage was £100 plus solicitor’s costs, etc- We were bidding for publicity to ensure an adequate subscription by telling all we met of the coming good thing, and it was here that the delica- cy of the situation presented itself. To shrewd parties whose business it is to profit by others’ inexperience in company promoting, we were dis- closing our weakness, and so day af- ter day we had to listen to laudable tales. If we only would do this, or sign that, the success of the venture would be a thing of the past. So prolific, persistent, and continuous were the offers, our suspicions were aroused, and we signed nothing. We pitted ourselves, ordinary tradesmen, against professional financiers; we stood to lose a life’s savings. After weeks of anxious thought, the Articles of Association were pre- pared, the prospectus drawn and com- pleted, the directorate agreed, the PARK AND CEMETERY ]18 solicitor, auditors, architects, and sec- retary appointed. We delayed issu- ing as long as it was possible to the public because our chances were jeop- ardized by the serious financial strain which existed at this period, the bank rate being 7 per cent. Inundated by applications for situations, shoals of letters had to be written in answer to a thousand and ane enquiries. We had to pay fees to counsel and for the registration of the company, and everything and everybody con- nected with the company expected and have had their reward. We paid for stamps on allotment letters, and solicitors’, surveyors’, and other costs. We disbursed large sums for ad- vertisements, clerical help, stationery, printing, postage, etc., the last being a very heavy item. Some of the folk insisted on their checks in advance, others helped materially at this crit- ical period by giving us credit. Most of these expenses occur to private companies only and not parochial bodies. At the appearance of the first ad- vertisement we were approached by agents of newspapers from all parts of the country; outside brokers wired and begged a few prospectuses to forward to clients certain to sub- scribe large amounts — all they re- quired for their disinterestedness was a certain sum to cover postage; — and gentlemen, the response to all this forethought and outlay was a sub- scription (after the list had been open to the public for four days) of less than £5,000. I began to think it was a good thing to have a little money, but it was much better to know how to use it. In short, gentlemen, failure to achieve our purpose, the purpose per- haps of a lifetime, stared us in the face. “Thought you were taking on a big thing,” said one. “Ever3^body knew it would be a failure,” said an- other. “If you had onl}^ approached us at the onset, there would have been no trouble,” exclaimed a third- So far as we were able, and policj’’ permitted, we had taken into our con- fidence the trade and our friends. We found that some folk who promised support either failed entirely to ful- fil that promise or subscribed only a part of the original amount named; while others who had remained silent came splendidly, I maj^ say almost heroically, to the rescue. But if the response did not come up to our expectations, the worst that could happen was to return the sub- scriptions; one redeeming feature, however, being that Mr. Kellaway and the speaker held the license, a fact overlooked by all except our- selves. When the time of the option ex- pired, one of the things we felt most was the humiliation of having to ap- pear in person and hand in a notice terminating the agreement with the vendors to save further complica- tions. Recovering from this shock, how- ever, we soon made arrangements for an extension of time and the taking of 50 instead of 80 acres of the land; but £1,000 further deposit was to be paid, so it was decided to at once call a meeting of shareholders to offer either to refund their money or ob- tain their sanction to proceed on these lines. The meeting was unani- mous; Proceed said they. this action, gentlemen, if fail- ure had come, it meant losing about 50 per cent, of their money. Imag- ine our anguish at the thought of helping one’s friends to lose so much cash; — yet no one knew our thoughts. Try as we would we could not ob- tain either the necessary money or a mortgage to complete the purchase, and again, a few days prior to Christ- mas, IMr. Kellaway and myself had to present another notice terminating the second agreement. Soon we again obtained another and final extension of time, and it was here the tide seemed to turn in our favor. Our genial chairman, af- ter several visits to the manager of bank, helped the situation, and on the morning of July 3rd, 1908, I re- ceived the following card from Mr. Bodkin : — “Dear Mr. Field, — I have made it all right up to £4,000 at the bank to- day. Will call and see you one day early. — Yours truly, Fred. F. Bodkin. The moment soon arrived -when we met at the vendors’ solicitor’s office to complete the purchase and, by the help of the L. & S. W. Bank, hand over a check for £8,900, the bal- ance due. This placed the land and the license under our control and one administration. We had accomplished what others had failed to do. Although verj' gratifying, it was not the end of our aim. More mon- ej' dribbled in; a sixth director, Mr. Parr, was co-opted to the Board. This gentleman added nearly a thousand pounds to the bank balance, and here it was our architects — who, by the- wa3', are shareholders and had been working assiduoush' at the plans — introduced Messrs. Kavanagh, the contractors, and the chief, a genial gentleman, listened to all I had to sa3'. Fventuall3' the firm undertook at competitive prices to do £2,200 of work, and spread the pa3'ment over eighteen months. The cemetery was opened on Feb- ruary 27th of this year. After several weeks of frost had prevented Messrs. Dallyn completing a really fine chap- el, pa3'ments for same to be made over a similar period, we had to thank Mr. Sherry for using his good offices in inspiring confidence in this direction. I forget to mention that a seventh director, Mr. Spittle, had been co- opted to the Board in August, 1908, with a consequent strengthening of our resources all round. Subscrip- tions and deposits continue to come in, and it is satisfactory to state that the directors have been able to meet all obligations up to the present. Plans had to be prepared and schemes for la3dng out the cemetery thought out, notices posted to the trade, price-lists arranged, receipt books, agency forms, re-opening forms, masons’ orders, and proper sets of books started, all of which claimed ver3' careful and earnest at- tention. It is onl3^ fair to say here that in the early stages my son proved most helpful, ever and anon coming for- ward with fresh, 3-oung, and practical ideas, which have been instrumental in solving man3' difficult problems. All this while no salaries were paid, no office expenses were being in- curred, not a penn3’ was being spent that could be saved. I must not divulge all the differ- ences we have had with individuals, councils, and other bodies. Suffice it to sa3" there were reasons for vis- its to the Local Government Board. It was a relief to find some one, and that person in authorit3y who was more than interested, who settled man3' points, who was passing cour- teous, and asked me if we had not an association, as before, framing fresh regulations, the3' were willing to listen to suggestions, as they wanted information. I learned that it was found that cemeteries were reall3- ver3- well conducted, and that no fault could be found. The Local Government Board, b3'-the-bye, act in succession to the Home Office in these matters. It was instantl3’ discovered, when the gates were opened for business, what a boon the place would prove to the trade and their clients, and it instanth' jumped into popularit3^ Threats numberless there have been — threats for being excessive users of the roads, threats to do away PARK AND CEMETERY ] Hi with it altogether, threats to compel us to alter the name; while borough councils have questioned the validity of the license and the right to start at all. Consecration is another point which rather complicates matters. There are even persons now who are bold enough to assert no forethought, no energ}% or no sinceritj- of purpose is needed to bring about such issue. Very few expenses are or should be incurred by borough councils when forming a burial ground. There are no promotion expenses beyond solicitor’s costs, the purchase of the land, and the lajung same out. Con- ' The majority of modern German cemeteries are laid out on unattract- ive plans, with a tiresome uniformity in the outlines of their grounds and an excessive display of enclosures, railings and highly polished stones. They rarely afford to open eyes and hearts the charm of quiet beaut3^ German artists of recent years have, however, devoted more attention to the decoration of cemeteries than the sculptors of anj' other country, and there is an increasing number of com- petent minds in Germany devoting themselves to the improvement of cemeteries and monumental art. The Central Cemetery (“Zentralfriedhof”) of Hamburg has already grown into a park, impressive in its solemnity, whose variegated grounds enclose burial plots of well studied design. The citj- of Munich since 1904 has laid out four municipal cemeteries, with many specimens of impressive archi- tecture, and more recently the Forest Cemetery (“Waldfriedhof”), giving great promise of future beauty, in which even the graves and tombs and their ornamentations shall be designed in accordance with artistic require- ments. There is a notable increase in the number of artists who are will- ing to devote truly artistic effort not merel}^ to a few impressive monu- ments, but likewise to more unob- trusive tombstones. This movement has more recently been placed in evi- dence before the masses in various expositions. The Wiesbaden Society of Plastic Art (“Wiesbadener Gessell- schaft fiir bildende Kunst”) has en- tered upon a systematic campaign for the purpose of enlightening both pur- chasers and producers. In fact, it was its president. Dr. von Grolman, who first proposed the special exposition recently held in Berlin, of which we show some illustrations. trast this with the demands and wor- ries with which IMr. Kellawaj- and mt'self were surrounded at the out- set, some of which I have told >'0u. Despite all, we commenced business with higher fees prevailing for inter- ments, etc., than has been the case with concerns started under similar conditions. I have in front of me a newspaper advertisement of a ceme- terj', some twent3^ 3-ears established, setting forth private graves can be purchased from .“253. During the few weeks our venture has been in exist- ence a large number of private graves have been sold at a good figure, but The e.xposition is divided into two departments. Four hundred illustra- tions of old and new tomb monu- ments and cemeter3- grounds are ex- hibited under the glass roof of the inner court of the Collection build- ing. In the garden abutting on the Museum Extension building. No. 8 Prinz Albrechtrasse, more than 50 tombstones, made from the designs of living artists, were distributed over grounds laid out by IMessrs. Koerner & Brodersen in accordance with a plan for a cemeterv- designed by Mr. Franz Seeck, government architect. Neither the works of art exhibited in this garden nor the illustrations and sketches shown in the inner court have any claim to absolute nov- elty or are meant to represent any- thing never seen before. Both in out- never less than £2 ISs. Cd. The num- ber of interments to date surpass the most sanguine e.xpectations of the di- rectors; the3- will total a thousand be- fore long. From these few facts 3-011 will de- duce that we have not fitted a square plug in a round hole, and probabh- our ne.xt balance-sheet will prove a revelation of economical management and show what can be done with a small amount of cash well used. One thing of which I am conscious — all the difficulties I have recited have hitherto acted as deterrents to others to embark on cemeter3- making. ART IN BERLIN line and conception most of them show the influence of old examples from ancient and early Christian art down to the German baroque style and imitation of classic art. The de- signers, some of whom are architects, others sculptors, and among whom are even found some painters, have availed themselves not only of well conceived architectural outlines, but likewise of plastic ornaments or fig- ures within artistic bounds. Several designers have restricted themselves to beautiful decorative inscriptions, the most simple and most effective means for creating an artistic impres- sion. All the designers concur in their effort to keep the main outlines of each individual stone with all its architectural and plastic ornamenta- tions in one uniform st3fle. Only GERMAN IDEA OF A MODEL CEMETERY. Section of Exposition of Cemetery Art In Berlin. GERMAN EXHIBIT OF CEMETERY THE MONUMENTAL NEWS. J20 SIMPLE METAL CROSS IN MODEL GERMAN CEMETERY. Section of Exhibit of Cemetery Art in Berlin. when thus conceived are such prod- ucts deserving of the name of works of art, be they simple or elaborate, cheap or expensive. Haphazard play with meretricious scrawls and orna- ments composed of different archi-_ tectural units is crude and barbarous style. They use allegorical figures only sparingly, unless the person for whom the work is intended is imbued with a sense of their appropriateness. The style and size of a tombstone, and more especially its height, must always be adapted to the conception of the entire tomb or burial place, and these factors should, moreover, be determined by the style of the adjoining graves and of all the sur- roundings. “Order in itself is beauty,” is the motto of the designer of the Munich cemeteries, “Batirat” Hans Graessel, has had this for his guiding principle in the laying out of the new Forest Cemetery, in which only tombs of similar style are al- lowed side by side. All persons select the resting place for their dead in accordance with the style of the mon- ument they wish to erect over their graves, be it a horizontal slab, a stone of greater or lesser height, a cross or a wroHght iron tablet or slab of painted wood. It is this regard for the beauty of the whole which makes the most beautiful cemeteries, even those of olden times, so deeply im- pressive, such as, for instance, St. John’s Cemetery (“Johanneskirch- hof”_), in Nuremberg, with its wide, silent burial places covered with hori- zontal memorial slabs. Such a system prevents the individual from indulg- ing his vanity at the expense of his neighbors. In the Munich cemeteries, moreover, the uniform slanting mounds, as well as railings around individual graves, are prohibited in order to allow each grave to become a part of the general plan. Large burial plots are, however, in some in- stances, enclosed by hedges of ever- green, as was the custom in times of old. The artist often tries to conceive special shapes for his work, in cases, for instance, where it is possible to combine in a natural manner a pedes- tal or vase for flowering' plants with the’ monument proper, or where a place can be provided for suspending a wreath. Such attempts, however, should l)e free from artificiality. The works of art exhibited here, considered either individually or in connection with their surroundings, are materially different from the style of memorial ornamentation generally found in German cemeteries. Visitors looked in vain for the obelisks, trun- cated columns, crosses and tree trunks, the “stone business cards,” with which manufacturers and deal- ers are flooding the German ceme- teries, towns and villages. Those who make up their mind to give attention to artistic features will soon observe the thoughtless conception, the pau- city of design, the marks of machine- made work which generally character- ize these products. Even the material most generally used, i. e., polished granite, or syenite, the German artists believe to be an enemy to artistic tone and effect. They maintain that the garish, polished surfaces and sharp edges, the dreary greyish black tint can never harmonize with the foliage and the landscape, and that they make cold, ostentatious monuments. In his first preliminary essay on monumental art for cemeteries, Franz Schumacher writes of these products that “the ma- terial is supposed to take the place of heart and sentiment.” The erection of polished tombstones is absolutely prohibited in the Munich Forest Cem- etery. Instead of using the costly granite, generally imported from Sweden, and defraying the still larger expense of polishing it, they encourage the use of a large variety of durable domes- tic rock of different shades and sur- faces, such as limestones, German marbles, shell limestones, as well as — for use in the right places— sandstone etc., as shown at this exposition. Their moderate price makes it easily possible to furnish, within the limits of tlie usual cost of these cemetery stones, an up-to-date piece of handi- craft which may be made a genuine personal expression. Berlin. ' Peter Jessen. SIMPLE ARTISTIC HEADSTONE AND SECTION OF CEMETERY. View in German Exposition of Cemetery Art in Berlin. 121 THE MONUMENTAL NEWS. MISSOURI PARK AND CEMETERY The Missouri Cemetery and Park Improvement Association held its second meeting at Kansas City, July 15, pursuant to arrangements made at Boonville, Mo., and the invitation and call issued by the cemetery men of Kansas City. The meeting was called to order in the committee room at the Coates house at 11 a. m.. Dr. Wm. Mittlebach, of Boonville, presiding, and E. L. Burch, of Jefferson City, secretary. A short address was then given by President William IMittebach, of Boonville, explaining the objects and purposes of the association. He said in part: PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. I don’t expect a mushroom growth, but a steady and active increase of membership that will carry out the objects of the asso- ciation properly. There is much work to be done in this great state of ours, and the people must be enlisted wuth us. On the officers and mem- bers of this association much depends, as 'to the benefits to be derived from organi- zation. The several sections of the state must in turn be visited and meetings held there, so that the people will learn of our work and objects. Literature upon such topics as “perpetual care,’’ “laying out new ceme- CEMETERY Burial and Burial Expenses The supreme court of Indiana says, in the case of Hildebrand vs. Kinney, Administrator, 87 Northeastern Re- porter, 832, where the plaintiff pro- cured an undertaker to. furnish burial and accessories thereto, and procured a burial vault for the decedent and paid therefor $45, a reasonable charge, as found by the court, that this court has held that in case of solvent estates, as an incident of burial, a tombstone or monument may be erected by the heirs, and required to be paid for by the administrator. Pea.se, Administrator, vs. Christman, 158 Ind. 642. The law imposes the duty of burial of the dead, and it is not an obligation arising out of contract, any more than a judgment is a contract; and, where the duty exists, it may be discharged by kin- dred, or by third persons, and the law imposes the charge upon the estate. Patterson vs. Patterson, 59 N. Y. 574; Rappelyea vs. Russell, 1 Daly (N. Y.) 214; Parker vs. Lewis, 13 N. C. 21; Allen vs. Allen, 3 Dem. Sur. (N. Y.) 524; in re Miller, 4 Redf. Sur. (N. Y.) 302; McCue vs. Garvey, 14 Hun (N. Y.) 562; France’s Estate, 75 Pa. 220; Sullivan vs. Horner, 41 N. J. Eq. 299, 7 Atl. 411; Wentworth on Ex- ecutors, 258. teries,’’ “improved methods of interment,’’ “drainage,” etc., must be circulated; “ceme- tery endo-wment” must be preached and other modern methods of cemetery work advertised; legislation requiring statistics on all births and deaths, on proper re.cords of interments, and requiring accurate finan- cial reports and data. In fact, your presi- dent is of the opinion that all cemeteries should TO a certain extent be under the control of the state, and that holding ceme- tery property for private gain should be prohibited by law. This association, I believe, should not only extend its influence and work over ceme- teries, but Should also include public parks. The national association did this for nearly 20 years, or \intil each branch was strong enough to carry on its own work. To that end I recommend a slight change in the name of our association, and suggest it be styled “The Missouri Cemetery and Park Improvement Association.” s.rong committee on legislation is needed if the several suggested laws are to be obtained. Before closing, I desire to call your at- tention to “Park and Cemetery,” a publica- tion issued monthly and that is doing wonderful work in bringing modern and im- proved park and cemetery work to the front. Everyone interested in such work should be a reader of this wide-awake and modern journal. I wish to thank those active in organiz- ing this association and through whose help it has been possible to launch the Missouri Cemetery Improvement Association. The minutes of the meeting held Furthermore, the court thinks that the Indiana legislature intended to classify the charges against the estate of decedents, and that the rule is not different with respect to solvent and insolvent estates, unless specific liens absorb the property, and that this classification as to expenses of ad- ministration and expenses of the fun- eral of the decedent is an arbitrary one, applicable to those charges which are not debts in the general sense of the word. The expenses of admin- istration and of the funeral of the deceased are nearly allied to the ex- penses of the execution of a trust, liabilities not imposed by contract, but by general principles of public policy. The six years’ statute of limitation can no more be interposed to a claim for funeral expenses than to the costs of administration, and it will hardly be claimed that a statute as to accounts can apply to such charges which do not arise from con- tract, but by statute. Nor are fun- eral expenses different from costs of administration because incurred before administration; for, when the appoint- ment is made, it relates back to the death of the decedent, for the pur- pose of preserving any rights in favor of the estate, and one of the rights is that of Christian burial. MEN MEET at Boonville in April were read and approved. The by-laws committee, appointed at the Boonville meeting, brought in their report, consisting of constitution and by-laws, which were read, section at a time, amended and adopted as a whole. Papers were then read by A. E. Todt of Sts. Peter and Paul Cemetery, of St. Louis, on “Drainage,” and by E. L. Burch, of Riverview Cemetery, Jefferson City, “Starting an Endowed Cemetery.” A general discussion was then had upon various features of cemetery and ,park work, especially upon endowment. Members of the association then visited Elmwood Cemetery to gain further points of observation. Visiting members were extended every courtesy and enjoyed very much the luncheon given them by the Kan- sas City members at the Coates house. The meeting then adjourned to meet at Jefferson City some time in July, 1910. Tax on Bequest for Care of Lot The surrogate’s court of New York County says. In re Fay’s Estate, 116 New York Supplement, 423, that this was an appeal by the executor from an order wdiich assessed a tax of $50 upon a bequest to the Mt. Auburn Cemetery Association. The decedent directed his executor to pay to the Mt. Auburn Cemetery Association the sum of $1,000, “so that the interest of this sum will keep my lot in good condition forever.” The cemetery association is a Massachusetts cor- poration. The executor contended that the bequest W’as to be considered as part of the funeral expenses, and, therefore, not taxable. In matter of Vinot’s Estate ('Sur.) 7 N. Y. Supp. 517, Surrogate Ransom held that a bequest of $1,000 to an association, the income of which was to be applied to the care and preserva- tion of the burial plot of the decedent, w'as not taxable. As this decision has not been overruled by a higher court, it might be considered as a con- trolling authority in this case. In view’, however, of the language of the court of appeals of New York in the Gould case, 156 N. Y. 423, and of the appellate division in the McAvoy case, 112 App. Div. 377, 98 N. Y'. Supp. 437, it would appear that the LAW IN COURT DECISIONS PARK AND CEMETERY. 122 decision in the matter of Vinot would scarcely meet with the approval of the appellate courts at the present time. In the Gould case it was held that the property was taxable, al- though bequeathed for the purpose of satisfying a contractual obligation ex- isting at the time of the decedent’s death; and in the McAvoy case it was held that the bequest was tax- able, although the beneficiary received it in payment of services to be ren- dered thereafter. While it has been held that a sum spent by an executor in the erection of a monument to the decedent is exempt (matter of Edgerton’s Estate, 35 App. Div. 125, 54 N. Y. Supp. 700), and that a reasonable sum spent in the purchase of a burial plot for the That the 203 acres of cemetery land in North Arlington, N. J., owned by the Catholic diocese of Newark, will be ex- empt from taxation is the opinion given to the North Arlington Council by Bor- ough Counsel John Bell. Mr. Bell an- nounced that a recent act of the Legis- lature exacted that no one municipiality could contain more than 375 acres of cemetery land. Besides the Catholic Cemetery in North Arlington there are two other cemeteries, the West Arling- ton and the North Arlington. Each one of these contains fifty acres. The newly passed legislation provides that it is only necessary for a cemetery cor- poration to file a resolution to increase its acreage with the Council of the municipality, and that the Council has no option in the matter provided there is no more than 375 acres being used for cemetery purposes. s): * * It is reported that eight graves in Lone Fir Cemetery, Portland, Ore., were recently torn open by a steam shovel used by contractors extending East Stark street, through a newly pop- ulated district. The owners of the cemetery, when it became crowded, it is said, sold as burial plots portions of the land dedicated for a street. The burials were made years ago, and as relatives of the dead cannot be found, no attempt has been made to remove the bodies. Unless a retaining wall is built it is feared winter rains will cause the ground to cave in, exposing more graves. The. city authorities are investi- gating the matter of taking legal steps decedent may be regarded as a part of the funeral expenses and, there- fore, a proper deduction (matter of Liss’ Estate, 39 Misc. Rep. 123, 78 N. Y. Supp. 969), there is a manifest distinction between such expenditures made by an executor in his discretion and a bequest made by a decedent in his last, will to a certain bene- ficiary and for a certain specific pur- pose. In the latter case the property passes to the beneficiary by virtue of the provisions in the decedent’s will, and as the statute provides that all property passing by will (if not going to parties specifically pientioned as being exempt) is taxable, the bequest to the Mt. Auburn Cemetery Associa- tion would seem to be taxable. De- creed accordingly. to force the cemetery authorities to build the wall, while the latter maintain that this work should be done by the city. ^ if it' In the new city manual of Chicago Cit}r Statistician Eastman estimates that Chicago’s fifty cemeteries contain ap- proximately 1,000,000 interments. The first Chicago cemetery was laid out in 1835. It was near Chicago avenue and North Clark street and consisted of a ten-acre tract. Immediately thereafter sixteen acres were set apart on the lake shore, now crossed by Twenty-third street. John Kinzie, the pioneer, was buried in 1828 in a plot on the north side of the river, near his homestead, and there the soldiers attached to Fort Dearborn were laid at rest. Calvary is Chicago’s most populous cemetery, while New Light, a tract dscribed as at “East Prairie road, near Lincoln ave- nue, Morton Grove,” reported only forty-three burials. * * * The avenue to the new National cem- etery at Zacualpam, Mexico, is com- plete and is the broadest street in the town. It is planted with double rows of trees and is graded. The cemetery, recently dedicated, cost in the neighbor- hood of $5,000, half of which was do- nated by General Fernando Gonzalez, governor of the state of Mexico. It has one of the finest walls of masonry in the state, and within these walls is a seemingly bottomless shaft of an old mine, which will be used as a receptacle for the bones of those who are con- signed to the bone-yard, in case of the relatives failing to pay the rent for the grave in which the body was originally deposited. * * * It was recently decided by the Su- preme Court at Olympia, Wash., that the law of 1901 authorizing the state to sell lands in Columbia county for cem- etery purposes is not unconstitutional, in deciding the case of J. H. Day and others against W. H. Richardson. Day and his associates bought the cemetery lands and later the state by mistake in- cluded these in lands sold Richardson. This suit was to regain possession and for damages because Richardson tore down the fence. The Supreme Court gives the cemetery back to Day and or- ders Richardson to pay $40 damages. !t! * =i< At a recent meeting of the cemetery trustees of Lansing, Mich., it was de- cided to forfeit all lots on which pay- ments were not being made regularly and the bodies therein will be taken up and buried elsevrhere. . This action is taken because of the great demand for lots in Mt. Elope, and as many of the owners of the more desirable ones are in arrears the board members felt it incumbent upon them to take the drastic measure proposed. j}t Jft The management of Rockford Cem- etery association, Rockford, 111., has de- cided to discourage Sunday funerals and will therefore after September 1 charge an additional fee of $3 for in- terments on Sunday. . ^ ^ jK Pine Gro.ve cemetery, Wausau, Wis., was visited this summer by an army of worms which threatened destruction to the tamarack trees. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS Lawnview Cemetery, near Fox Chase, a Philadelphia suburb, is issuing a se- ries of mailing cards of large size, illus- trating views of the grounds, and giving some printed facts. Recent cards showed pictures of the coach that meets passengers on the trolley cars, the su- perintendent’s office, beautiful drives and several lawn views. C. G. Simon, Fox Chase, Pa., is superintendent, and C. N. Robbins, Odd Fellows .building, Philadelphia, secretary. One of the concrete public “compart- ment mausoleums” containing 420 crypts was recently dedicated with much cere- mony in the city cemetery at Alliance, O. It was built on the patents of the National Mausoleum Co., of Shelby, O. Another of these structures is under way at Toledo, O., and a site has been CtnETERY NOTES 123 F ARK AND CEMETERY. selected for one in Diamond Grove Cem- etery, Jacksonville, 111. This is to be of concrete, veneered with enameled brick, and will contain 200 crypts. There is one under way at Waterloo, la., which will contain 480 crypts, and an- other has been completed at Monroe, la., by the Western Sales Company, ot Waterloo, which controls the patents in Iowa. This company has secured an option on a site in Harlan Cemetery, Harlan, la. The Cleveland Mausoleum Co., which controls the patents in Cleveland, 0., is preparing to start the construction of a compartment mauso- leum in the Brookhm Heights Cemetery near that city. It will be of granite and marble and will contain 400 crypts. St. Mary’s Cemetery on the Charles- ton Road, Louisville, Ky., has added some land and engaged a landscape en- gineer to improve the grounds. The new addition to Walnut Hills Cemetery, Belleville, 111., is being im- proved under the direction of Street Inspector Frederick Deutschmann. Roselawn Cemetery, Pueblo, Col., is doing some extensive road building and grading with convict labor. The new St. Louis Cemetery, New Orleans, La., is opening several new avenues that will require the removal of several tombs and some lot coping. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw, Mich., has added fourteen acres. Mt. St. Peter’s Cemetery, Derby, Conn., is installing an elaborate water system under the direction of Rev. R. F. Fitzgerald, who is in charge of the grounds. The I. O. O. F. Cemetir)', Hartford City, Ind., is erecting a new concrete arched entrance gate. A terrace is being built in Zion Hill Cemetery, Hartford, Conn., and plans have been prepared for a new entrance. The work is in charge of George A. Parker, superintendent of parks. • A one-mill tax has been voted for the improvement of Woodlawn Cemetery, Des Moines, la. It will yield about $20,- 000. The Elmdale Park Cemetery As- sociation has been incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000 to develop Elm- dale Cemetery, a 160-acre tract about a half mile beyond the Des Moines city limits. S. F. Frick, J. G. Myerly and Florence Smith are the incorporators. W. D. Lane, representing eastern capi- talists, is also reported to be looking for a cemetery site near this city. St. Peter’s Greek Cemetery Associa- tion, Passaic. N. J.. is to build two new entrances and a chapel. Rockport, O., has bought seven acres adjoining the old Rockport Cemetery. Roads and walks have been laid out in the new Lake View Cemetery, Bi- wabik, Iv'Iinn., and other improvements are to be made this fall and next spring. St. Mary’s Cemetery, Niagara Falls, N. Y., is to build a new fence and in- stall a drainage system. The ladies of the Relief Corps at Centralia, 111., are raising funds to erect a memorial chapel in the Centralia city cemetery. Walnut Ridge Cemetery, Jefferson- ville, Ind., has taken additional ground, which is being surveyed and plotted by Capt. Lewis C. Baird. The Somerset Cemetery Association, Wabash, Ind.,' has been deeded an ad- joining cemetery' formerly owned by the county. Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Dubuque, la., has let the contract for a handsome new receiving vault and chapel. Evergreen Cemetery, Detroit, has purchased an adjoining tract. Bound Brook Cemetery, Bound Brook, N. J., has bought adjoining land and will soon improve it. The cemetery now contains nine acres. St. Joseph’s German Catholic Ceme- tery, near Geistown, Pa., will erect a gateway as a memorial to the late Rich- ard Foster. Plans have been prepared by Architect Henry M. Rogers. Arrangements are being made to im- prove Lakewood Cemetery, near Ro- chelle Park, N. J. The tract contains about sixty acres. The Cemetery Commission of Penn Yan, N. Y., will soon begin the im- provement of the six-acre addition to the cemetery recently acquired. The Woman’s Club of Okmulgee, Okla., have formed a cemetery associa- tion and purchased 80 acres for ceme- tery purposes. The new cemetery will be strictly on the lawn plan, with mod- ern improvements, and will be known as the Okmulgee Cemetery Park. Plans are now being made by Howard Evarts Weed of Chicago for forty acres of the tract. Mrs. W. C. McAdoo is secretary of the association and Mrs. W. S. Bell president. Fairview Cemetery, Coffe}wille, Kas., is planning to install a water system and build a cottage for the sexton’s residence. St. Mary’s Catholic Cemetery, Wi- nona, Minn., has let the contract for some road building and grading. Engineer E. A. Wilder is plotting and making records of interments in the old Fredonia Cemetery, Fredonia, N. Y., for the purpose of identifying the unmarked graves. The cemetery was laid out .in 1820. The Ham.ilton, Ontario, Spectator, in a recent issue, comments editorially on the fine condition of Hamilton Ceme- tery, and gives great credit to Super- intendent Rutherford for his systematic and intelligent work, in improving the grounds in the last six years. Elmwood Cemetery, Birmingham, Ala., has added eighty acres since the first of the year and has increased its capital from $100,000 to $150,000. S. B. Cunningham is secretary. Oak Hill Cemetery, Neenah, Wis., will build a new chapel and receiving vault and install a new water system. Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, N. J., will add nine acres of adjoining land. Beatrice Cemetery, Beatrice, Neb., is to erect a new entrance gate and make other improvements. Wooster Cemetery, Wooster, Ohio, is to build a new shelter house. Oak Grove Cemetery, Hilldale, Mich., will build a new ornamental gate way and make other improvements. Chas. Greening, of Monroe, Mich., is in charge of the work. Greenwood Cemetery, Danville, 111., will make an artificial lake on the grounds. Pine Grove Cemetery, Ansonia, Conn., has let the contract for a handsome new chapel and receiving vault. Washington, N. C., is to lay out a new cemetery for colored people on a twelve-acre plot. THE PLAYGROUND IDEA {Continued from page 112) Not a very high price to pay for the results obtained. An instance came to my attention recently of a boy who was arrested for stealing apples. He had gotten into similar trouble several times be- fore, but the judge decided to turn him over to the probation officer for another chance. The officer took the boy. aside for a’ heart to heart talk, and said, “Now, see here. Jack, I want you to tell me just what the cause of this is. Do you like apples so very well that if you don’t get them in any other way y-ou just have to steal them?’’ Jack looked much surprised and somewhat ashamed. He had never thought of it in that light before. He hesitated, and then said, “No ma’am, but it’s such fun to have them chase me.” What that boy wanted was a game, not apples; and the city is not looking to its own welfare that fails to provide him a means of having his game in a good, wholesome way, instead of forcing him to get it under condi- tions that, although they may not be very serious at the time, are paving the way for greater offenses against the community when he 'comes to be a man. PARK AND CEMETERY. 124 OBITUARY Olaf Benson, the landscape gar- dener who laid out Lincoln park, Chi- cago, died at his summer home at Higman Park, Benton Harbor, Mich., August 17. Mr. Benson was ap- pointed superintendent of Lincoln park in 1865 and held that position for seventeen years. He was 72 years old and is survived by a widow and six children. REPORTS, ETC., RECEIVED Second annual report of the Mis- souri State Board of Horticulture; il- lustrated book of 324 pages, contain- ing complete reports and papers of the two meetings of the year. W. L. Howard, Columbia, Mo., is sec- retary. The fourteenth annual report of the Forestry Commissioner of Minnesota for 1908 is an interesting illustrated book of forest conditions in Minne- sota, and a summary of what has been accomplished in forestry work in European countries; 160 pages. The New York State Department of Agriculture has issued an emer- gency bulletin on the Blister Rust of Pines, and the European Currant Rust, published as Horticultural Bul- letin No. 2. The Department of Agriculture at Washmgton has recently issued “Dis- eases of Deciduous Forest Trees,” by Hermann Von Schrenk and Perley Spaulding, an 85 page illustrated book, as Bulletin No. 149 of the Bureau of Plant Industry; “The Timber Supply of the U. S.,” Circular 166 of the For- est Service, and “Education for Coun- try Life,” Circular 84 of the Office of Experiment Stations-. Rule Book of Mount Tamalpais Cemetery, San Rafael, Cal., and de- scriptive circular of the underground flower vases used by that cemetery. Rule Book of Spring Hill Cemetery, Danville, 111. CATALOGS, ETC., RECEIVED A. G. Spalding & Bros. Co., Chicopee, Mass., send a handsomely illustrated catalog of playground ap- paratus, showing many styles of out- door and indoor play machinery for parks and playgrounds; also booklet, “Playtime.” “Road Preservation with Tarvia,” handsomely printed illustrated book- let. Wild Bros. Nursery Co., Sarcoxie, Mo.: Peonies, Irises, and ■ Hardy Stock for Fall Planting. E. J. Shaylor, Wellesley Farms, Mass.: Wholesale Peony List. Summer and Autumn Florists’ Bulbs: Arthur T. Boddington, 342 W. 14th St., New York City. “HERBICIDE” exterminates weeds. One application will keep walks and drives clean for at least two years. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. I have made a specialty of growing Privet for fif- teen years, and am now offering the lar- gest and best stock I have ever grown. There is no doubt about the stock pleasing you. I am growing to SELL. Let me quote prices before you order. C. A. BENNETT, Box 64, Robbinsville, N. J. TREES SHRUBS 1000 Kim 2 1o 4 in. 10000 Barberry Thunbergi 12 to 18 in. 2000 Barberry Thunbergi 18 to 24 in. 2000 Viburnum Opulus 3 to 4 ft. 2000 Crimson Rambler 2 year. 3000 Dorothy Perkins 2 year. 1000 Prairie Queen 2 year. 5000 Spiraea Van Mouttei 3 to 4 ft. 1000 Spiraea Van Houttei 2 to 3 ft. 2000 Red Snowiieri y 2 to 3 ft. 3000 Purple Barberry 3 to 4 ft. 60000 Black Locust Seedlings. 150000 Hardy Border Plants. “THE QUALITY STOCK’’ The above is only a small part of our surplus. Send today for our special Price List of everything used in Park and Cemetery Planting. Get our price before ordering. AURORA NURSERIES Aurora, 111. Fall Planting September — October — November p„ Double Chinensis; order now. r cUUlca 2 to 5 eye divisions. Splendid varie' ies for Parks, Cemeteries. Large or small grounds. Our list of 90 varieties for Fall Planting;, now ready. Ask for it. All the best ones including the latest varieties. PlilnYpg Field-grown Hardy Phlox in 1 111UAC9 20 best varieties, fine assort- ment of colors. I German. 8 best varietie.s. Japan, iribcb 6 best varieties. Spanish, 5 best varieties. Yucca S-year clumps. Price list free. Address The Frank H. Wild Floral Co., Sarcoxie, Mq p^YACINTHS, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus and all other Holland bulbs. Lil. Harrisii, Lil. Formosum, Lil. Longiflorum, Long. Mult., Long. Mult. Giganteum and Purity Freesias. California bulbs of all kinds such as Erythroniums, Calochortus, Fritillarias, Calla Elliottiana, Calla /Ethiopica and Oxa- lis. Japan Iris, Japan Lilies, Spiraeas, Paeonies and the largest assortment of miscel- laneous bulbs in America. Place your orders while we have the stock to offer. Don’t wait till the last mo- ment. Catalogue ready now. Get it in any event. We mail it free. J. M. THORBURN ^ CO. 33 BARCLAY ST.. NEW YORK CITY The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All Steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp. always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Rest cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentees & H't'rs, Thorntown, Ind. 125 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates %vith Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- variations, thus: S. L. 8:67 8, Feb. 09, means; Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, February. 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED, American Ilot.-'nlst, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G. ), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterhoro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal “■C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20o copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; lOc copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3T00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.50 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. -Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Hmbalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange, New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5o. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 vear; 5o copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. Civic Improvement, Home Grounds American Cities, Growth and Beau- ty of. Illust. Cr. 16:399-413. July. Chicago, A Plan for, by G. E. Hooker. Illust- Sur. 22 :778-90. Sept. 4. Congress and the District of Co- lumbia, by H. S. Curtis. Sur. 32:725-8. Aug. 28. Children’s Gardens Everywhere, by E. E. Shaw. Illust. G. M. 10:70-1. Sept. Future Prince Rupert as Conceived by the Landscape Architects, by G. D. Hall. Illust-, Arch. Rec. 26:97-106. Aug. Gas Tanks vs. The City Beautiful, by L. H. Pink. Sur. 22:596-7. July 31. German Way of Alaking Better Cities, by S. Baxter. Atlantic Month- ly, New York. 104:72-85. July. Making Boston Over, by O. R. Lovejoy. Illust. Sur- 22:764-78. Sept. 4. Municipal Improvements, Sugges- tions for, by R. Brown. Illust. New England Magazine, Boston. 40:472- 80. June. Nature Study in Whitechapel. Sur. 22:438-9. June 19. Running Water for Country Homes, by H. H. Henry. Illust. S. L- 9:125-9. Sept. Gardening, Chicago (Card.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt. Germany (German), G'. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.0.0 year; single copy. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 5o. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and Garden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engipeering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, lOc. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. Iich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio. John Marsellus Mfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Gal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Oret Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Cofl5iiCo., Los Angeles, Gai. X PARK AND CEMETERY. John A. Rockwell has offered to Nor- wich, Conn., a tract of land for an ad- dition to Mohegan Park. The Alpine Power Co., Alpine, Tex., will lay out a five-acre park on the mountain where its reservoir is located and maintain it as a public park. City Forester H. B. Filer, of Buffalo, has offered children ten cent's a quart for egg nests, cocoons and caterpillars of the tusock moths as part of his cam- paign to save the trees. The Winton Estate in Scranton, Pa., is to be improved as a public park by Walter W. Winton and turned over to the city as a memorial to his father. It includes about two acres and will be named Winton Park. Park Superintendent George C. Walk- er, of Waterbury, Conn., is reducing a high hill in Hamilton Park to a gentle slope, which is to be planted this fall. The city council of Manitowoc, Wis., has voted to spend $5,000 a year for ten years to acquire thirty acres of lake shore parks and boulevards. Charles N. Lowrie, of New York City, has been engaged to plan the im- provements for the park to be laid out around the filtration plant at Co- lumbus, O. Park Engineer Stinchcomb, of Cleve- land, O., has prepared elaborate plans for improvements in Washington Park, the new 100 acre tract recently acquired by that city. All bids for the entrance to this park, recently advertised, have been rejected and the work will be re- advertised. The Steel Basket Co. 711 S. 3rd St. Cedar Rapids, la. Easy Dump Cart For Light Rubbish and Rakings Constructed entirely of Steel. No wood to warp, crack or break. Sizes 8 to 20 bushels. THE BEST YET rSpeciinen Stock-i A full line of Evergreens and other Trees and Shrubs, all recently trans- planted. Also a fine line of Phlox, Iris, Peonies, Bulbs, etc. ROSEDALE NURSERIES TARRYTOWN, N. Y. IR-ON Also ORNAMENTAL WIRE FENCES FENCES Finest at lowest price. Guaranteed ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY &, FENCE CO. Write for catalog 255 S. Senate Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stack. Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LaCK Box 48. BANGOR. PENN- STONE GRAVE VAILTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices rfcDERHOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone ifrave and lot markers cheap as clay markers LAWN CARTS and all styles of barrows and carts. Write for catalogue to LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. LANSING, MICH. New York WAREHOUSES : Philadelphia Chicago Kansas City Minneapolis and San Francisco PARK AND CEMETERY . XI Dr. J. V. N. Standish, of Galesburg, 111., has prepared plans for the new park to be established in Yates City, 111. One hundred thousand dollars will be expended in improving the Minneap- olis park system, under recommendation submitted to the park board by the com- mittee on improvements. The chief im- provements and their cost are as fol- lows : Bridges between Lake Calhoun and Lake of the Isles, and Lake of the Isles and Cedar lake, $30,000 ; dredging between Cedar lake and Lake of the Isles, $6,000; North Minneapolis park- way extension. Lake of the Isles to Su- perior avenue, $5,000; Jackson square, $5,000; Van Cleve park, $1,000; North Commons, $6,000 ; Camden park, $5,000 ; Tower Hill, $500; Powderhorn Lake park, $4,000; Elliot park, $2,000; River road, $8,000; Lake Amelia, $500; small triangles, $3,000; greenhouse extension, $10,000; Lyndale park, $4,000; Minne- haha park, $1,500 ; Godfrey road, $1,000 ; Kenwood park, $1,000; Bryant square, $500; wells for different parks, $2,000; bridges along Minnehaha parkway (Humboldt avenue bridge), $1,000; tools, implements, etc., $3,000. Oregon Caves, “The Marble Halls of Southern Oregon,” are to be pre- served by the government. President Taft has signed a proclamation making them a national monument. The gov- ernment will improve the facilities for reaching the caves. The Mineapolis office of Warren .H. Manning, of Boston, is commissioned through his representative there, Charles ‘H. Ramsdell, to prepare plans for a new lake shore park in Duluth, Minn. The site is at the junction of East Superior street and London road, and runs through to the lake shore. The site comprises 15 acres, but the plans will cover the shore lines for nearly a mile, as the strip is long and narrow in proportion. The features of the plan will be a continuous shore promenade nearly a mile in length, treatment of a playground and skating rink, with its warming house for win- ter and a shelter pavilion in summer. Chester Creek borders the tract on the east, tumbling down over the ledges and boulders with fine birch bordered banks that are characteristic of Duluth. The magnificent view of the harbor and of Lake Superior will be carefully handled, and the problems of the very steep slopes and- bluffs will require careful treatment. CLASSIFIED ADS lO cents a line each insertion: 6 words to a line: minimum ^rice 50 cents. Cofy must reach us by the 8tk 0/ the month. Hardy Stock HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN Nursery Stock. Plant Evergreens in Au- gust, Herbaceous Perennials in Septem- ber. We grow both in great variety. Our Evergreens are several times transplanted and Perennials are field-grown plants. Catalogue mailed free. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. For all the newest, besides standard sorts, of hardy perennials and old- fashioned flowers, for fall planting, see our wholesale price list. Ours is the largest collection found anywhere. All- right stock, all-right prices. Palisades Nurseries, Sparkill, N. Y. WHOLESALE PEONY LIST for fall 1909 is now ready. A postal will brin^ it to you free. J. F. Rosenfield, West Point, Neb. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskeville, R. I. Landscape Architects YOU WILL MISS IT if you do not write to F. A. HAENSELMAN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT, Boulder, Colo. Plans fur- nished for any kinds of grounds, also surveying, laying out, changing of old grounds executed at the most reasonable terms. I WANTED I GERMAN, GOOD CHARACTER, edu- cated in best schools of landscape gar- dening, thorough gardener and florist; able manager with executive ability, brainy, imaginative, energetic and cap- abie for the biggest job. 18 years in this country; want park and cemetery position; moderate saiary; bond given. Address B-4, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of refer- ences as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. POSITION WANTED as superintendent of cemetery; now employed in same ca- pacity; satisfactory reason for desiring change; best of references given. Ad- dress Lock Box 1164, Ulysses, Pa. YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing- its advertisers andbygivingthe paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. BIND YOUR COPIES” OF Park and Cewetery With the EMERSON PATENT BINDER Price 75c. postpaid. R. J. Haight, 324 Dear- born St., Chicago. Ellwanger & Barry’s Peonies Phloxes Irises Are Unsurpassed in Variety and Quality The Best Results are to be Obtained by Planting in September Illustrated booklet with descrip- tions and planting directions FREE upon request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Box W, Rochester, New York ELMS and CATALPAE EXCEPTIONALLY LOW PRICES IN LARGE QUANTI- TIES FOR EARLY ORDERS FOR FALL OR SPRING DELIVERY BELLETT LAWSON, JR. Care ELMWOOD CEMETERY RIVER GROVE, ILL. CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages— Park and Cemetery, Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable Walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, MicKi^an Motor Lawn Mower and The “AUSTIN” Roller Will cut as much lawn as 2 or 3 horse-drawn mowers. Does the work better, quicker and cheaper Easy to manage Reliable in every-day hard service WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AUSTIN "WESTERN CO., Ltd., CHICAGO BEN COMCN . 1905 Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 8. OCTOBER, 1909 Subscription] Foreign, $1.26 ’ (Canada, $1.25 ‘■THE SPIRIT OF THE MINES” IN CHICAGO’S OUTDOOR SCULPTURE SHOW. fSee page 127.) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPBCIAI. NOTICE Send for our landscape architect who will furnish designs and show you how, where, when and what to plant WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything 62 Ytart CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres WHY buy expensive markers when you can make your own at a very low cost on the Lawson Cement Marker Outfit? No better marker can be found or made. Write for descriptive circular and price Bellett Lawson, Jr. Care ELMWOOD CEMETERY River Grove, III. SRECIMEIN EVEROREEINS LARGE ASSORTMENT. All lifting with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity . ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. For September PLANTING EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. Cemetery Records Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParK (Q. Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO BODDIIMGTON’S BULBS BLOOM Our stocks are now complete. Send for wholesale catalogue now ready. We make special quotations on large quantities. ARTHUR T. BODDINQTON, Seedsman 342 WEST 14TH STREET NEW YORK CITY NEW CROP PANSY. Our Superb Mixture. Oz. $4.60 CINERARIA GRANDIFLORA and GRANUIFLORA NANA. Each, T. Pkt., $0.50 Harrisiis, Formosums, Romans. Paper Whites, Freesias and Callas ready Fresh Tobacco Stems, Bale of 300 lbs., $1.50 Send for Autumn Wholesale List W. C. BECKERT, N. S.. Pittsburtf. Pa. The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND POR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION, AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill An Entirely Perfected and Practical Steam Roller Double Direct Drive TANDEM ROLLER BUFFALO Pins Write for catalog-, showing complete line, including Macadam rollers, Scarifiers, etc. Especially Adapted for Rolling Sod or Meadows, Paths, Eight Roadways, Parkways, etc. Buffalo Steam Roller Co. - Buffalo, N. Y. Eastern Offices : IS Court Square, Boston, Mass. ISO Nassau St., New York City The Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Third and Detroit Sts., Cleveland, Ohio THIS BURIAL OF FIVE BODIES, VICTIMS OF THE SALISBURY WRECK TOOK PLACE AT WATERLOO, N. Y. AUG. 7, 1906 No other device could have been used for this occasion. The adjustable features are indispensable. Write FIVE BOMGARDNER LOWERING DEVICES IN USE AT ONE FUNERAL IV PARK AND G\EfM ETERY. A ready buyer awaits these trees Not the ordinary grade as commonly offered. Not feir specimens but the cream of large blocks selected when young and trans- planted with ample room for development, pruned, cultivated and well fertilized. Such trees not only transplant better but their shapeliness and vigor show the result of our special treat- ment. When you buy these specimens you get the best efforts ofover.half a century 'k plant-growing experience. You will never take chances on the ordinary grade if you see this stock list. Lindens: American, European and White Leaved Horse Chestnuts: Red and White Flowering Maples: Norway, Sugar and Sycamore Ash: White and Qreen Oriental Plane American Elm Every Plant Buyer should have a copy of our Fall Catalog of Hardy Ornamental Plants. Our stock and service are both well known among Park and Cemetery Superintendents. We grow good stock and aim to please our patrons. Ask for catalog. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher Box 5 Penna. AOVI CCS, SKCTCHCS, DESIGNS, OR FULL WORKING PLANS FOR CEMETERIES. PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in English, French and Qerman } The Book of Water Gardening By Peter Bisset, The latest and most practical work. Full directions for selection of stock, planting, construction of ponds, improvement of sur- roundings; 100 photographs, diagrams and plans. Price $2.50 postpaid. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons, Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York City. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. J. HAIGHT, 3h Dearborn St., Chicago YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages— Park and Cemetery, IRON Catalog ^ Free AND WIRE ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY AND FENCE COMPANY 255 South Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind THE NATIONAL LOWERING DEVICE Has friends everywhere, and is wanted by everybody. BECAUSE it is always ready for business and NEVER has to be TAKEN APART or put together; just a moment’s work and there it is, ready for infant’s casket or steel grave vaults. Is also made up in GIANT SIZE to be used to lower CEMENT VAULTS. Also made up special styles for CHAPELS, in fact we make it up in the “Latest Style’’ just to fit the place you may want to use it in, but always with our Perfection Safety Brake. If you are anticipating purchasing anything in this line write NATIONAL BURIAL DEVICE CO., 21 to 26 S. Hanchet St., Coldwater, Mich. PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING VoL XIX Chicago, October, 1909 No. 8 City Shade Trees A most valuable lesson in shade tree planting is being taught by Boston’s experience with its celebrated four vows of shade trees in Commonwealth avenue. Up to a certain point in the life of the elms the avenue was a beautiful civic feature, but trees will increase in size up to their limit under proper conditions, while under im- proper conditions they fail, become unsightly, and sooner or later die. The original close planting and haphazard choice of varieties has finally presented a difficult prob- jeni which has been discussed by tree authorities, with the result that the four-row system has been condemned and the two rows advised; this will necessitate very care- ful planning and much expert work and expense before the avenue is reinstated to its former beauty. While the four rows of trees would undoubtedly produce a finer effect, the width of the avenue, 100 feet, is not sufficient for the proper development of more than two rows. As was remarked above, this affords a valuable experience for all communities likely to be engaged in shade tree planting. It is not a matter of appearance for the first few years of a tree’s life, but that of the effect of prop- erly developed trees at maturity which should be under- stood and provided for. This experience should also drive home the fact that every city having a sufficient mileage of shade trees to warrant it should employ a com- petent City Forester. Vig Vjg The New York Convention of the A. A. C. S. The twenty-third annual convention of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, held at the Hotel Astor, New York, September 14-16, has passed into his- tory and is on record as having been well attended and much enjoyed. In a metropolis such as New' York, wuth its magnificent distances and multitude of beauty spots to attract attention, the limited time of the convention could not allow more than a comparative glance at a very few of the most prominent cemeteries and parks, and this while passing, so to speak, was probably disap- pointing to those who were anxious to examine carefully the practical cemetery work in and about a large city. But an excellent program was offered and very liberal ar- rangements for a good time were provided by the local committee and prominent men interested in the work, Among the more important matters that came up for dis- cussion was the future care of mausoleums, in which a great deal of interest was manifested. It proved to be a big subject, and no solution of the problem was reached, although a number of suggestions were made. It was ad- mitted by all that rules should be adopted looking to the ■securing of a fund sufficiently large to provide for all future requirements of these structures. Vig Ng The Coining Civic Convention The fifth annual convention of the American Civic As- sociation wdll be held in Cincinnati, November 15-18, in- clusive, and in conjunction therewith the National Munici- pal League will hold its fifteenth annual meeting. There will be notable gatherings of prominent men interested in making a beautiful America, and in all the lines of work leading up to that consummation. Mr. J. Horace McFar- land, president, will preside at the sessions of the Civic Association, and the Hori. Charles J. Bonaparte over those of the National Municipal League. Each organization will follow its own program, but in the words of the official notice “there will be several joint sessions addressed by men of national prominence on subjects aimed to advance good city government and good community life.” As in the case of Pittsburg last year, the cause of civic embellish- ment and government will receive a fresh impulse. ^ Ng Does City Embellishment Pay? Possibly the most emphatic reply to this is to point to the French capital, Paris, a city which attracts travelers from all points of the compass, and which, no doubt, on general principles, heads the list of the most beautiful cities in the world. The Parisians evidently think that city embellishment pays, for the Municipal Council has recently approved a new program of improvement, in- volving a further outlay of $135,000,000. This should cer- tainly stimulate American civic beautification. In calling down the parsimony of Philadelphia in this direction, and holding Paris up as an example, the “Philadelphia En- quirer” says: “Philadelphia is a fine place to live in, but as a place to visit it has its shortcomings. It probably has a smaller floating population than any other community of approximate magnitude, simply because it does not of-, fer adequate inducement for people with money to spend to come here.” The welfare and prosperity of any city rest in no small degree on its attractiveness. Ng Ng Chicago’s Billboard Ordinances Surely our' experience in the effort to suppress the bill- board nuisance might well “point a moral and adorn a tale.” Note the following in connection with Chicago’s ordinances: Two years and a few days ago, and that nine months after the ordinance had been passed, a suit was begun in the Circuit Court to test its validity. The an- swer to this suit is a decision, just handed down, declaring it invalid. The tale connected with this ordinance reflects upon all concerned in it, and, moreover, displays a revolt- ing lack of competency and principle. After all this delay and notwithstanding some intervening state legislation, Chicago still urgently needs restrictive and controlling powers over the billboard. At the same time this is an- other powerful argument in favor of reform in law and legal procedure; our whole legal system, bench and prac- tioner, needs to be brought up to date, and this is an im- mediate public question. It should be added that a previous billboard ordinance was held up in the Supreme Court of the State for years before final action, and this was also declared invalid. The Automobile and the Roadway The destructive effects of the automobile on our roadways has brought the question of road construction prominently before the experts in that branch of engineering. That it is becoming a burning one, is evidenced by the complaints of those immediately interested in the maintenance of roads much frequented by automobiles throughout the country. Owing to the peculiar effects of this traffic on road surfaces the authorities are beginning to revise the very principles of roadmaking that have for ages been common, and one propo- sition, which is stated to have been experimented upon with success, is to revise the method of building macadam roads by placing the fine materials at the bottom and the heavier ones at the top. 127 PARK AND CEMETERY. LINCOLN, THE RAIL SPLITTER. ENTRANCE TO GARDEN. “BUCKY” O'NEIL. Charles J. Mulligan, Sc. Buffaloes by Edward Kemeys. Solon H. Borglum, So. Chicago’s efTort to find a more practical and appropriate form of sculptural decoration for parks and public places last year inspired the first American exposition of outdoor sculpture in Humboldt Park. This year it has made possible an exhibit, now on view in Garfield Park, that is recognized as a striking demonstration of how public art may be no less art, when it is popular, appropriate to its surroundings, and “practical,” if you please. This unique object lesson in outdoor art and its landscape setting, resulted from the growing consciousness of the artistic insufficiency of the average frock-coated statues and prancing bronze soldiers that frequently mar the landscape in our parks and malls. There have long been those among the members of the Municipal Art League of Chicago, the officials of the Art Institute, and the West Park Board who believe there is a more fitting form of public art for the parks; the kind that has a decorative beauty appropriate to its site and surroundings, and a meaning in itself that the person of average intelligence may read without the aid of a guide book. Even the so-called symbolic statue, whose sym- bolism is too often expressed only in the classic device MINER AND CHILD. Charles J. Mulligan, Sc. THE AWAKENING. Lorado Taft, Sc. THE TOILERS. George E. GaniSre, Sc. PARK AND CEMETERY. 128 which a conventionally posed model bears, falls short of its mission here. The figure or group itself must deliver the message without extraneous devices, and it must fit its surroundings. With this idea in mind the first outdoor sculpture ex- hibition ever carried out in this country was last year inaugurated in Humboldt Park. It was hastily evolved with the material ready to hand, and even in this incom- plete state made a profound impression on citizens and artists alike. This year, with the aid of the same art institutions, a few public-spirited citizens, and the Fergu- son bequest which provides the interest on $1,000,000 for the placing of public works of art in Chicago, a much more elaborate, satisfying and complete exposition of the new idea in civic art was staged in Garfield Park early in September. That there was ample sculptural material to be had for an exhibit of this kind is due largely to two influences; The very practical and monumental character of the works that have been executed by the sculptors trained in the Art Institute schools, and the Ferguson bequest which has led sculptors to design imposing works for the definite purpose of outdoor decoration. The spirit of the exhibit, in the words of Mr. Lorado Taft, the sculptor, was to “people our parks, not with long-coated statesmen and restless warriors, but with figures of airy grace, fit denizens of w'oods and meadows.” The setting of this year’s exhibits admirably adapted to give full scope to both formal and informal sculptural at the bandstand end has been strengthened by balancing on either side, Mr. Lorado Taft’s colossal statue of Wash- ington, twenty feet high, with Mr. Daniel C. French’s Statue of the Republic, one of the landmarks of the Chi- cago World’s Fair, which has since held an honored posi- tion in the main corridor of the Art Institute. Facing these and the bandstand are two heroic architectural groups by Mr. Charles J. Mulligan, “Justice and Power” and * Law and Knowledge,” modeled for the Supreme Court building at Springfield, 111. These are separated from the other two by a small open space. Taken to- gether, the four form an effective monumental vista, sug- gestive of the possibilities in decorating the ends of a plaza or boulevard. The general design of the water court and gardens is the work of Mr. Jens Jensen, former superintendent of the West Park System, who has been one of the leaders in developing the outdoor sculpture display. He has been ably assisted by Messrs. Taft and Mulligan, and a score of other sculptors who have labored co-operatively and enthusiastically for the success of the work. The placing of the groups was in direct charge of Mr. Jensen and Mr. David Hunter, the sculptor. The vast size and the serene dignity of the two works flanking the bandstand, make them particularly appropri- ate for this important monumental position. The Wash- ington is a distinctly original conception of the Spirit of Washington, modeled with the broad, sweeping lines and subordination of detail to mass effect that are characteris- “THE BLIND.” Lorado Taft, Sc, “THE STILL HUNT. Edward Kemeys, Sc. effects, and both divisions have been planned with a dis- criminating eye to the landscape setting of the individual works and to the effect of the display as a whole. The formal division centers about the handsome water court that extends across Madison street for about a block and forms an axis at right angles with the flower garden. The court is in two parts, each including a large rec- tangular fountain basin appropriately bordered with floral planting, walks and turf, and screened by shrubbery from the surrounding landscape. At one end of this court is a monumental vista formed by the band stand, a substantial circular stone structure, and the view at the other end is closed by a handsome new boat house, the other side of which overlooks the park lake. The monumental effect tic of Mr. Taft’s best work. The heavy military coat falls in one simple fold, draping and relieving the figure. The great conventionalized sword on which the hands lightly rest, is roughly outlined and no insistent details are al- lowed to detract from the interest in the rapt, upturned face. In Mr. Mulligan’s two groups the sculptor has har- monized the architectural requirements of rigidity of line and stability of mass with more of real artistic expression than is commonly found in architectural groups. They are modeled largely, with an eye to the final material, Bedford stone, and grouped to give good side views from their final position, at the sides of the entrance to the new Supreme Court building. These two groups were given .129 PARK AND CEMETERY. the medal of honor by the Chicago Society of Artists at the winter exhibition at the Art Institute, the highest honor awarded at the annual exhibits. In the perennial border of the flower garden, crossing the water court near these groups, a number of life size single figures- and groups of a pastoral character find congenial setting. Here is Mr. Leonard Crunelle’s “Fish- er Boy” fountain figure, a sturdy youth, beautifully mod- eled and happily posed, tugging at a net from which is flipping a fish of unmanageable size. • Opposite is a companion piece by the same sculptor, a girl of the same bronze group, “America,” which also includes a buffalo, with a pioneer and spirits attending the personification of America. Ranged regularly about the larger basin in the water court, are a series of symbolic groups about one-third life size that were architectural adornments to the Chicago exposition. While these lose something of their signifi- cance apart from the buildings whose exhibits they were designed to suggest, they serve a good decorative pur- pose, and are in keeping with the formal character of the DETAILS OP THE “SPIRIT OP THE MINES”; SEE COVER ILLUSTRATION. Charles J. Mullig-an, Sc. natural and delicately rendered type as the other, and char- acteristic of the happily wrought children’s figures which Mr. Crunelle has made his chief work. These with two others, are to be executed in bronze as a commission from the West Park Board,' and will stand permanently at the corners of the fountain basin in Humboldt Park. “Grief,” by Miss Nellie Walker, a life sized relief of a female figure, bowed in despair, rests on the turf in front of some drooping shrubbery. “At the Sign of the Spade,” modeled by Miss Laura Kratz, depicts an old gardener, clad, in one long peasant’s garment, bent over with his spade almost in the ground. Mr. Lorado Taft’s two groups, “Pastoral” and “Idyl,” in the center of the garden, facing the basin, are grace- fully posed and well modeled. They speak naturally the spirit and sentiment of the garden. At two of the garden entrances several beautiful termi- nal figures have been utilized in a suggestive manner as posts, showing by example how the ordinary posts and pillars may be made works of art. Two of these. “Autumn” and “Winter,” were modeled by Miss Clyde G. Chandler, and the other, a girlish figure holding doves and grapes, by Mr. Crunelle. Mr. Taft’s bust of Long- fellow, David Hunter’s bust of a child, and Mr. Crunelle’s kneeling maiden, also find place in the garden border. Edward Kemeys’ heroic buffaloes, from the World’s Fair, stand guard, one at either side of the west entrance to the garden. Facing them across the drive, is the heroic court. These groups are: War, Industry, Peace, Com- merce and Religion, by Karl Bitter, Glorification of Dis- covery by Bela L. Pratt, and Ceres, by Philip Martiny. At the ends of the water court, against the abutments of the boat house which forms the monumental closure to the view at this end, are two very decorative high reliefs, “Water Controlled,” and “Air Uncontrolled,” by Karl Bitter that lend character to the plain walls of the building. The most important and impressive part of the exhibit, however, was the informal division, comprised in the groups that were placed in the park landscape along the drives that curve around the water court and garden on three sides. While the decoration of formal plazas and gardens is not an unknown art, the placing of works that carry in themselves a message apart from their decorative character, so that they shall be in harmony with nature and the outdoor spirit of the parks, is the distinctively new idea of this exhibit. The first glimpse of this part of the show comes to the visitor from the city, in the view of a most remarkable Rodinesque sculptural conception, “The Spirit of the Mines,” which stands at the juncture of two of the main drives in the center of the roadway, where it is installed over the drinking fountain for horses. It is a rarely poetic, daring and imaginative idea, worked out by iMr. Charles J. Mulligan of the Art Institute, and executed by the stu- dents in his advanced class in sculpture. The inspiration PARK AND CEMETERY. 130 came to Air. Mulligan ap' the result- of a first hand study of the Colorado miner. The great mass of stratified rock, roughly outlined, is filled with the half-imprisoned Spirits of the mines. These wistful, elusive forms emerge from every ledge and projection, the restless companions and the inspiration of the sturdy miner who sits enthroned on one of the ledges beneath a cliff-like mass, jutting out from the center of the composition. The rugged grandeur of the mountains, the barren wildness of the miner’s life, and the human beauty of his dreams all find expression in this remarkable work. The figure of the man is the only one that is wrought out clearly, the fragments of the beau- tiful female forms merging into the mass so compactly as not to disturb the symmetry of the group outline. One could scarcely conceive a more appropriate or inspiring fountain conception for the civic center of some mining city than this colossally ingenious work wrought into stone or bronze, with the vaguely outlined figures veiled in water. That such an ambitious composition could have been completed for art’s sake is a rare record of industry as well as of art, for the work stands 35 feet high, 25 by 16 feet at the base, and embodies thirty figures. This group in itself is an impressive lesson in practical sculpture for out- door decoration, and is a fair example of the training in real work that has made possible this original exposition. Nearby is another piece, which with the mining group, makes this exhibit of national importance to art. This is Mr. Lorado Taft’s “The Blind,” set in a thickly wooded corner where walk and drive meet. The theme is a sculp- tural expression of Maeterlinck’s allegorical drama, “The Blind.” As the action of the- play progresses, gloom set- tles over all, and the figures are drawn closer for mutual protection. They cling to each other in expectancy and fear. All are held by agony and suspense, and the group becomes unified. Then the young girl with the faith of youth, recognizes in the sob of the child a promise of salvation. “The child sees; the child will lead us,” she cries exultantly and snatching the little one from its mad mother’s arms, lifts it high to find the guiding gleam of light. Even the deaf mute whose arms are seen raised above the heads of the others, is at last awakened from his sleep, and sends up a wail of despair. This is the mo- ment the sculptor has seized and fixed in plastic form. The action might well have taken place in some such wooded spot as the one selected for this group and the effect is dramatic in the extreme. The composition is simple and unified to the last degree. Although embody- ing some ten forms it is as compact as a single figure. Every accessory detail has been subordinated to the in- tense rendering of the faces. The clothing is sketched in broad, full lines, and the flat, simple planes and blank spaces act as foils to the few elaborated parts. Probably no ideal work of sculpture in recent years has made so profound an impression on artist and layman alike as this powerful, elemental conception. It deserves to rank with Daniel C. French’s “Death and the Sculptor,” or Saint- Gaudens’ mysterious figure of “Grief.” Solon H. Borglum’s Rough Rider monument to Bucky O’Neil, the original of which stands at Prescott, Ariz., is represented by the full sized cast. As one of the most successful examples of action and balance in sculpture, it comports w^ell with its informal setting of green lawn and trees. It is a characteristic example of Mr. Borglum’s well known plastic studies of western life, set in Nature’s open as the true plainsman would like to see it. Following the drive to where it divides its curved course into two branches, a vantage point for several other works is found. Betweerr the two roads, backed by tall trees is Lincoln, The Raih Splitter, one of the most intimate and hmnan of our Lincolns, the work of Mr. Charles J. Mulli- gan. The stiff, frock-coated Lincolns that dot the country give strong evidence of the struggle between art and por- traiture and here finally is a happy compromise, a truthful portrait of the man at the most picturesque point in his career, and an equally successful idealized type of pioneer. The sculptor has found in this figure a rare opportunity to fuse his portrait studies of Lincoln into one of the sterling types of American labor which have been his most distinctive work. On the opposite side of the drive sits Mr. Taft’s Chief Paducah, enthroned on a rock, resting his arms on a tablet in the form of a conventionalized arrow head. The strong head and shoulders; the well-studied mass of the group, rising from a graceful, tastefully decorated pedestal, make a composition as pleasing in detail as it is successful in the large effects necessary to an outdoor monumental fountain. It has been executed in Georgia marble and erected in Paducah, Ky. George E. Ganiere’s “The Toilers,” near by, is a group of good construction and modeling. The two fishermen hauling away at the net furnish an excellent theme for a muscular study of laboring men in action and the expres- sion of extreme exertion is well rendered. It is given a good setting in the landscape, but might have more ap- propriately been placed in the center of the fountain basin, with the net emerging from the water. One of the most popular groups in its appeal to the plain people that frequent the park is Mr. Mulligan’s “Aliner and Child” on a low pedestal, backed by a fine landscape, near where the drive approaches the street. The strong realism of this homely sentiment, expressed in the figure of the miner returning from work, stooping to em- brace his little daughter, makes a universal appeal. Mr. Mulligan’s model of his George Rogers Clark mon- ument, which stands at Quincy, 111., overlooking the Mis- sissippi is more than interesting as a new type of portrait statue with a distinctly original grouping of figure and pedestal. The conventional bronze portrait, standing gaunt and unsupported on its square pedestal seldom rises to. the height of a work of art. The problem of finding a background for the legs is a task of sculptural technique seldom successfully solved, and the sculptor has ingenious- ly worked it out in this group by placing his statue in front of a monolithic truncated pyramid of Barre granite. The gradual widening of the entire composition toward the base, and the arrangement of figure and pedestal give an architectural stability and a decorative unity not ofterr realized in the single portrait statue. This work has been placed on a substantial rise of ground overlooking the park lake, much as the original at Quincy surveys the Father of Waters. *' On the walk, beside the drive, Mr. Taft’s “The Awaken- ing,” a half reclining female figure emerging from a roughly outlined pedestal, rises among the shrubbery as from a pastoral sleep. Edward Kemeys’ crouching panther, placed on a low pedestal, looks out for his prey from among the bushes on the shore of the lake. This exposition as a whole, has achieved a popular in- terest never aroused by an art exhibition of the conven- tional kind, and if its future progress is in keeping with present promise an institution has been founded that will be of unmeasured value to civic art. The show will remain in''the park throughout October and probably longer. 131 PARK AND CEMETERY. LANDSCAPE ART IN THE SEATTLE EXPOSITION In the administration of exposi- tions various interests are given a voice and unless certain of its pol- icies are in the main fully agreed upon in advance there are apt to appear strong conflicting views with attending unfortunate results. With especial conspicuousness does admin- istrative harmony display itself in the buildings and grounds at Seattle. Whatever the prearranged plan may have been it is clearly notice- able that there was no conflict in the designing nor in the execution of the physical elements of the general scheme of buildings and grounds. One of the first acts of the gov- erning body of the exposition was to call upon Mr. John C. Olmsted for a general plan and the outcome has been that there the arangement of buildings is such as to provide ade- quate necessary conveniences of ap- proach, exit and circulation of vast congregations of people without les- sening the pleasures of any nor yet injuring that beauty and effectiveness of prospective view of buildings when disposed in groups. Moreover, com- plete control of the design shows itself in the complement of buildings to grounds and vice versa. Novelty was virtually eliminated throughout; no attempt was made to introduce the abnormal, the whimsi- cal or any features of questionable taste. Based fundamentally on ripe judgment as to necessary require- ments, adapting them in a straight- forward fashion to the practical pos- sibilities of site and enabling it all to appear as a scheme at once chaste, rich, lively, orderly and ornate is the outcome and endorses the creative capacity of the , originating mind. No attempt has anywhere been made to adopt that peculiar axial ar- rangement noticed at St. Louis; a Mrs. Areford Price, Rochester, Mich., has a unique combination of plants, unlike anything I have ever seen, that certainly is very hand- some. The center of the group is an Ar- bor Vita (Thuja occidentalis), wrong- ly called in the north “white cedar,” while grouped about the base in dense masses, one species on each side, are two species of plants, of equal hight and in flower at same cascade is in continuous operation, indicating that neither the volume of water nor the pumping capacity were designed without practical knowledge of the reasonable; the low interior of the main axial arrangement offers a view of a wide expanse of the most impressive portion of the entire scheme. Everywhere are the hallmarks of singleness of purpose, the absolute control of relationships, intensifying here and subduing there all to the common end that the whole shall be harmonious. Centered on a peak of one of the distant mountains the grand court looks out over falling land to rich lawns and formal gardens flanked with tall verdure. Cream colored are the exteriors of buildings. The domed building at the apex of the grand court is at the highest point from where the dash- ing waters of the cascade flowed down to a round pool below. Between the buildings and the cascade bright colored flowers are massed, and in this particular especially are the boldness and success of the planta- tions evident. Thousands of gerani- ums, tens of thousands of pansies and other choice flowering plants are planted with a lavish hand and con- tinue to give life and vivacity in a neighborhood where light hearts and gladsome feeling of visitors prevail. This arrangement is by contrast a strong reminder of how easy it is to fritter away opportunities in high color arrangement; without motive, support or accent the best of schemes fall flat. An abundance of highly col- ored flowers supplemented by rich green turf is judiciously disposed to enliven the grounds and lend en- chantment to the whole. In the general scheme especially does the real merit of the design time, each remarkable for its dense foliage forming an excellent back- ground for very pretty flowers. On the west side of the tree is a dense mass of Lily-of-the-Valley, which every one knows, and hence need not be described, extending about feet from base of- tree. On the east side closely joining with the Lily-of-the-Valley is an equally as dense, high and wide mass of the Lowland or Smooth Yellow appear and this is not a little due to the sympathetic carrying out, even to the minutest details, of a practical color arrangement. The strength and richness of the plantation phase of the work is highly meritorious. After the general plan had been devised, Mr. Dawson and Mr. Koehler lived on the ground for eight or ten months, and their ingenuity in de- vising ways and means to consum- mate it has been successful. As we are informed, the landscape architects were given a free hand, with the result that a high class, excellent work exists: indeed we recall no ex- position since that held at Chicago where landscape design was more im- portant to the entire scheme, or where cleverly and meritoriously con- trived it has brought such excellence. Seattle’s exposition may be note- worthy for its exhibits, but above all it is most impressive and acceptable for the high order of its landscape development — its beauty. It is neither an exhibit of buildings with some landscape furnishings nor yet a gar- den with some buildings, but a good example of both features effectively arranged to create the best possible combined effect — a good example of high class landscape design rather than one feature of it or two parts of it with one developed at the ex- pense of the other. Horticulturally many unique meth- ods are used to insure continuity of bloom, maintaining on steep slopes, replacement of blooming stock and the like, but as to that it is unnec- essary to speak; it is the idea not the method of the main essentials that is worthy of note. During the night the electrical dis- play, especially as seen from the water was very good. Emil T. Mische. OF PLANTS Violet (Viola Scabriuscula), a flower known to but few, even among bot- anists— this combination strikingly demonstrating its merit as an orna- mental. It may not be generally known that there are five specimens of vio- lets with yellow flowers in the east- ern half of the United States of North America, as they call our country in South America and in Eu- rope, one stemless, acaulescent — the A BEAUTIFUL GROUP PARK AND CEMETERY . Round-Leaved Yellow Violet (Viola rotundifolia) and four caulescent or stemmed species — Nuttall’s Yellow Violet (Viola Nuttallii), Halbert- Leaved Yellow Violet( Viola hastata), Highland or Hairy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens), and the Lowland, Valley, or Smooth Yellow Violet (Viola scabriuscula). That the last species may be clearly recognized, I propose to describe the last two. The Hairy, Downy, or Highland Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens) seems to be most generally known of the Yellow Violets. It has a small, slender, erect rootstock, from which rises a solitary, rarely two or more, rather coarse, stiffl erect, more or less hairy, stems, 1 foot or so high, the hairs usually pure white and very conspicuous, often very long and very dense extending also to the large, very broadly reniform or ovate, PLAN FOR P The plans worked out for the park at Mason City, la., follow nat- ural lines very closely. The wooded sections, valleys and open spaces are preserved intact. The open level ground along the front border is ideal garden ground and the location selected for the pavilion is such that this garden ground lies to the south and in front of the pavilion. The driveway, curving at each entrance from the' State street front, up to the pavilion, skirts this garden and affords a fine view across it. In this garden the main floral dis- play will be placed. The central feature just in front of the pavilion will be a fountain of rather unusual design. Another important feature of the plan is the illumination of the mid- dle branch of willow creek. This leaves a fine open space with its nat- ural border of trees as a playground. The water diverted from this branch will, by a concrete dam, be turned back into its original channel. The driveway system is about one and one-third miles long and so ar- ranged that direct access is given to all parts of the park. The walk system supplements the driveway and affords closer acquaint- ance with all parts of the park. A. merry-go-round and other fea- tures to interest the children will be provided in a separate section where their noisy merriment will not inter- fere with the older people. The plans were prepared by F. E. Pease, land- scape gardener, of Des Moines, la. ' 182 coarse, short-stalked, dull-green leaves. The flowers are larger than the next, of a deeper and brighter yellow, but less abundant. It grows in deep sands on high uplands. Have never known it to succeed well in cultivation, but would recommend that it be tried. The Lowland Valley, or Smooth Yellow Violet (Viola scabriuscula) has a somewhat coarser rootstock, from which rises two to several smoothish, slender, weak or reclining stems, the plant apt to make a sprawling patch when planted singly. The leaves are much smaller than those of the Hairy Yellow Violet, much less broad, longer-stalked, smoothish, of deep but bright clear green — a very pretty shade of green, contrasting finely with the bright but pale yellow flowers. In Michigan it grows in low woodlands, especially in deep river valleys, frequently over- flowed by floods, often densely cov- ering the ground, conspicuous both for its flowers and foliage. Is one of the easiest of all native violets to grow in cultivation. Never have I recognized its real merit, however, until I saw it grow with the Lily-of-the-Valley, being the handsomer of the two plants, and yet the combination of the evergreen tree, the Lily-of-the-Valley and the Low- land Yellow Violet, seeming to in- crease the beauty of each species of the group, indeed forming a richly harmonious combination. This violet would not appear very showy grown singly, but when grown in dense masses it is indeed a thing of beauty, but combined with the Lily-of-the-Valley it is extra fine in- deed, not mixed, but grouped with it. Wilfred A. Brotherton. ARK AT MASON CITY, lA. PARK MASON CITY I0WA£) 133 PARK AND CEMETERY . EDUCATION in LANDSCAPE DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION When this country was first discov- ered and for centuries after, the for- est was regarded as an enemy to be vanquished and replaced by arable land from which the struggling far- mer could extract a living. When the mineral and other resources be- gan to be discovered and developed, bot-h they and the forests were re- garded as commercial assets, to be converted into as much money as possible with no thought of their being of any other value or of their possible exhaustion. As society developed and people began to have wealth and leisure enough to feel the need for educa- tion beyond that of providing for daily needs, they began to see that there were other uses for the forests than lumber, for grass than hay, for land than farming, and that the bushes and flowers of everyone’s knowledge were something more than mere brush and weeds. They came to see that these things could be combined to make the space about a house an inseparable part of the ex- pression of a home. They began to see that the lawns, flower beds, bushes and paths of a suburban lot, as well as the woods and meadows with the roadsj buildings and rocks of the everyday extended view could be created, combined and modified into an expressive and coherent whole, each in its proper scale; and that these things were as fit and proper materials for the use and insight of the artist as the colors of the painter or the bricks and stone and timber of the architect. As this perception grew there arose a demand for men who knew how to compose these materials into some- thing which, even if not a work of art, should at any rate be pleasing to their possessor. Thus came into being the landscape architect. For many years the notable and influen- tial men were few in number and partly or entirely self-taught like Downing, Olmsted and Vaux. But when their numbers multiplied, it be- came necessary to collect and corre- late the principles of their art and to establish means of studying and teach- ing them and a standard of attain- ment. Thus the American Society of Landscape Architects was formed, and later the course in landscape ar- chitecture at Harvard University. Since then, courses of instruction in outdoor design have been established at Cornell University, the University of Illinois, the University of Michi- gan, Ohio State University, the Uni- versity of California, Lowthorpe School at Groton, Mass., and the Mis- souri Botanical Garden at St. Louis, Mo. Like any other artist, the land- scape man must have a good work- ing knowledge of the principles of design as they relate to his particu- lar branch of art, and he must be able to think in terms of his ma- terials; he must have that easy in- timacy with them that comes from actual and continual contact and ex- periment with them. A design must not present itself to him first of all as a number of marks on paper or as a result of formulae learned from books, but as a mental picture com- posed of the elements he is able to control. He should know nursery stock and cultivation as the nursery- man knows them. He should know the general principles of architecture and construction, land surveying, for- estry, certain branches of engineer- ing, botany, freehand drawing and many other things, not as those who specialise in them know them, but up to the limit of his needs, he must have them at his fingers’ ends. It will be interesting to look over the bul- letins of the institutions referred to and see how they endeavor to effect this kind of training in those wJro would become more or less thor- oughly acquainted with landscape architecture. In order to show what is expected of students in a college course, we cannot do better than quote completely the plans of study for undergraduates of the best in- struction now to be had in this coun- try, that at Harvard University, to be found on pages 7,* 8 and 9 of the Offi-' cial Register of Harvard University, Department of Landscape Architec- ture, of which Frederick Law Olmsted is the head. PLANS OP STUDX For Uudergrraduates. With the best technical training-, the pro- fessional success of a landscape architect must depend largely upon his ability to understand the wide range of purposes and ideals which he is sure to find among his clients, and in no way can this ability be fostered more, effectively than by the broad- ening infiuende. of' a college education. It Is therefore urgently .^recommended to the undergraduate who wduld fit himself for the practice of landscape architecture that he take a four years’ college course of general studies, devoting about half of his time, however, to subjects of direct in- terest to landscape architects. Among ^uch subjects are the principles of design in the Fine Arts, freehand and projection draw'- ing, and elementary Physics, Geology and Botany. A substantially equal amount of study should be devoted to distinctly differ- ent fields of knowledge, determined by the needs and interests of the individual. In addition to these studies which form reasonable parts of a general college edu- cation, the undergraduate who looks forward to becoming a landscape architect ought to take the summer course in topographical surveying at the Harvard Camp, or its equivalent, and should become well ac- quainted with the common trees and shrubs. If he has had the opportunity of getting a first-hand acquaintance with the soil and plants through the common work of prac- tical farming or some kindred occupation, he will find it, in the long run, helpful to a remarkable degree. While the above outline indicates the subject matters of study with which a student of landscape architecture should be familiar when he begins his definitely pro- fessional work, it is of still more importance that he should have acquired a facility in the understanding and use of those means of expression by which his further study must be conducted. Any intelligent student will appreciate that he must have a good command of English, since an essential part of a landscape architect’s duties must be to explain clearly and convincingly to 'others the reasons for his advice to them. In ad- dition it is very desirable that the student should be able to use French and German books with tolerable facility. What is not so generally realized by students in advance, is the vital importance to the landscape architect of facility in graphic expression. He must be able to draw readily a simple, straightforward and accurate representation of the forms w'hich he sees or wishes to describe, whether by sketches, plan or section; and the alphabet of this graphic language, which he must use all his life, ought to be learned early and practised constantly; as, for instance, in connection with the countless occasions in every student’s work where diagrams and sketches can Vje used to illustrate and explain. Thus the foundation which is advised as a preliminary to the professional training of a landscape architect, for all those w^ho tan possibly command it, is an A. B. degree or its equivalent; a good grounding in the principles of design in art, and an intelli- gent acquaintance with architectural forms and their use by architects; a sound ele- mentary knowledge of physics, of geology and' of botany; some experience in topo- graphical surveying; a familiarity with the common trees and shrubs of New England; and, finally, a respectable proficiency in English composition and in accurate free- hand and architectural drawing. This foundation can be obtained by a good stu- dent in the course of four years at Har- vard College by a moderate amount of dili- gent special work outside of that directed to the A. B. degree, and without impair- ing the breadth of intellectual and social interests which it is the main purpose of a college course to awaken. This implies that the student should take each year one course in addition to the College require- ments, that he should take a course in sur- veying during one of the summers, and that he should interest himself in the study of trees and shrubs especially during the leisure of the other summers. One w'ho is unable to accomplish this amount of work successfully during four years is ad- vised to extend the time of preparation to five, in which time he should be able to advance himself still further along the lines indicated. On the basis of the above preparation a student can obtain a good professional equipment by three or even by two years devoted solidly to technical w^ork. No def- inite programme is here laid down for such a post-graduate course, because it can best be fitted to the needs of the individual; but it would always include two years of practice in general landscape design and details of construction, continued study of plants and planting design, and, so far as PARK AND CEMETERY. 34 not already studied, elementary architect- ural design, water supply and sanitary en- gineering, masonry and foundations, con- tracts and specifications, and such addi- tional work in engineering, horticulture, and general landscape design as time and capacity permit. It should further be said that while the training above discussed should make a student a useful assistant to a landscape architect, ■ it is not expected to turn him out competent to practice, and should be fol- lowed by at least two or three years of practical experience in the employ of an established landscape architect, and, if possible, by travel for the study of profes- sional subjects in this country and in Eu- rope. It will be clear from these excerpts that the broad general culture of a college education is considered as necessary to the landscape architect as his technical training. The grad- uate who has done the work de- scribed above is ready to take up the concentrated professional study in the Graduate School of Applied Sci- ence leading to the degree of Master in Landscape Architecture. The spe- cial study for this degree may take two years or less under certain con- ditions. The Register says (page 11) ; “The Department will recommend for the degree of Master in Landscape Architecture a student who, having satisfied the Department as to his preparation, passes in Landscape Ar- chitecture 4, the required work in Forestry, Engineering, Horticulture, presents a satisfactory thesis, and shows high attainment in design in Landscape Architecture and in free- hand drawing ordinarily not to be acquired in less than two years.” Returning to our bulletins, we find that Harvard has for those who take up the subject, courses in Landscape Architecture (including freehand drawing), Fine Arts (Design in Ar- chitecture, Sculpture and Painting, etc.). Botany, Horticulture, Forestry, Engineering, Geology and Geogra- phy, English, German and French. At Cornell there is a two-year course in Rural Art which may be counted towards the degree of Bach- elor of Science in Agriculture and in- cludes several courses in landscape design, history and construction and freehand drawing, and must be pre- ceded by work in surveying, botany, organography of ornamental plants, elementary architecture. Dendrology and economic entomology are also required. The College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois offers courses in the Department of Horticulture in the History, and principles of Land- scape Design, in Landscape Horticul- ture and Planting Plans. A course in Landscape Gardening is given to all undergraduates. The Department of Literature, Sci- ence and the Arts of the University of Michigan in the Courses on Bot- any offers a course on the Principles of Landscape Gardening with lec- tures, readings, reports and field work. The College of Agriculture of the Ohio State University has a two- year course in Horticulture which in- cludes a course in landscape garden- ing. The Department of Horticulture of the University of California has a course in landscape gardening. The Missouri Botanical Garden of- fers instruction in Landscape Garden- ing and various related subjects. Lowthorpe School at Groton, Mass., has for its purpose “the train- ing of young women who desire to enter upon any of the many lines of work in life appropriate to women comprehended under the terms Land- scape Architecture, Landscape Gar- dening and Horticulture.” Its courses extend over two years and include Drawing, Study of Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse Work, Surveying and Engineering, Garden and Landscape Design. At Columbia University, New York, a course in Landscape Architecture is to be established in October, on lines similar to those at Harvard; for the present they will be of necessity somewhat less thorough and compre- hensive. As there are at present no funds for the salaries of resident pro- fessors, the subjects already available in the University curriculum will be used in the course, to be supplement- ed about the beginning of 1910 by in- struction from three visiting teachers chosen from the members of the American Society of Landscape Ar- chitects which is co-operating with the University in the undertaking. This plan is similar to that adopted in the School of Architecture at Co- lumbia, in which instruction in design is given by visiting teachers who are practicing architects. The instructors in landscape architecture are to be Charles Downing Lay, Ferruccio Vi- tale and Harold A. Caparn. Several conclusions may be drawn from an examination of these various programmes. One is that, at Har- vard and in the course to be started at Columbia at least, outdoor design is held to be a desirable part of a liberal education; at Harvard the course in landscape architecture may be counted for the degree of A. B. Another conclusion is that it is com- ing to be felt that a course in horti- culture is not complete without in- struction in design; that while horti- culture is not a fine art, it is a pur- suit depending for success on associa- tion with and feeling for beautiful things, and thus that this feeling should be guided and developed to- wards a sense of the relation of plants to each other and to the things around them. There is no more fell enemy of good taste than the gardener who, confident in his power to produce gorgeous displays of flower or foliage and to glory in them, assumes that he therefore knows and understands all there is of design and criticism. If instruction in landscape design can help to improve this man out of exist- ence, let it be multiplied wherever gardening is known or taught. The value of the course at Colum- bia and perhaps at Harvard is likely to be, not so much in educating pro- fessional landscape architects, of whom the output is at present quite equal to the demand, as in spreading abroad a knowledge of standards to be striven for and expected in land- scape work. As the feeling and un- derstanding of outdoor design grows more common, we may reasonably expect a higher standard of attain- ment among its professors and high- er standard of sympathy among their clients. Thus, under the stimulus of a wider desire of and demand by the people for more and better work, the landscape architect may be expected to constantly increase in numbers, ef- ficiency and achievement. The aver- age excellence of work will rise, and with it the demand. This must be the case if our art is a healthy and natural growth, which it must be aft- er all, springing as it does from the desires of a people who inherit their love for Nature and her works from many generations of rural ancestry. The value of training in design, and especially in architectural or landscape design can hardly be over- estimated. It is one of the subjects in a college education that is sure to be of actual practical use to him in later years. Every intelligent lay- man is or ought to be at some time a critic of architecture or landscape work. It is impossible to get away from it, for it is all round us, and of the things that make up our daily life and by which we are affected more or less strongly whether we know it or not. If everyone knew something of design, bad architecture and bad landscape work would be- come things of the past, or at least we should be freed from the mon- strosities that are continually being 136 \ PARK AND CEMETERY. thrust upon our unheeding vision. Any layman may become a client of a landscape architect, or he may be called on for advice by friends or he may become a park commissioner or at least he will be one of a large pub- lic deeply interested in knowing whether its parks are done well or ill. The works of the architect of It is a most unfortunate thing that the well meant “systems” of bot- anists should find their way on to the ground and stereotype the con- fusion of the books. To be sure the confusion is confined so far to com- paratively limited areas — herbaceous grounds chiefly — and the few hap- hazard arboretums. But it is high time that botanists agree upon a series of groups applicable in their representation to all fertile regions of the earth. They will vary in size and other features, and such as the Saururus may be the only growable genus at the north. It is useless to ask the average park commissioner or other repre- sentative of the people about them. They haven’t got beyond the A. B. C. arrangement so far. Consequent- ly as they have been the obvious in- structors, the people know something less than they, as to the relation- ships of plants. I think, however, everybod3^ be- yond infancy knows a rose. They may not know, however, that there are from 550 to 600 distinct species of wild single roses, all na- tives of the Northern Hemisphere, and that these vary so greatly with locality that scarcely any two bot- anists agree about them. And there is great confusion even among limited species. Take for instance the “Scotch” or “Burnet” roses, which have a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, and include the “Persian yellow” and “Harrison’s yellow” (as well as the single and double reds and whites), and are called Rosa spinossisima lutea, S. lutea-fiore-pleno, etc. Nearly all authorities, such as Nicholson and later Bailey, confound them with the “Austrian briar” Rosa lutea. Mil- ler, quite a different thing. But the perplexities as to species and their varieties are as nothing to the inextricable confusion which (from a botanical point of view) has resulted from the work of the Hy- the building or the landscape are among the common things around us, and are themselves made of the com- mon things around us; and it is but reasonable that we all who live among them and for whom they exist should have some understanding of why and how they are. Harocd a. Caparn. bridizers, mostly French and British; “Wizards,” whose work the Carnegie Institute cannot hope to catch up to. There are uncounted thousands of hybrid roses between species, and these have been crossed and recrossed until it is often impossible to trace their parentage. Some fine hybrids have been raised in America, such as the Climbers, hybrids of Rosa Wichu- raiana, now offered by most nurser- ies here and in Europe. And so it goes. There are many hundreds of “Wizards.” The rose fancier, no mat- ter how wealthy, or how extensive his correspondence and facilities, can- not collect all the roses in a lifetime. The small lot owner will not at- tempt anything of the kind. Let him confine himself to a given type of roses for distinction; single or double, as the case may be. There is no great range of primary colors among roses; reds and yellows, with green, and white roses exhaust the list, but the various shades of these colors are as innumerable as they are indescribable. There are the deepest crimson-reds, maroons, ma- gentas, rosy-pinks, silvery-pinks, flesh-pinks, pearly-pinks, golden yel- lows, ruddy and coppery yellows, creamy-yellows, whites of all shapes, sizes and habits which can be ex- pected in roses, and even a green rose. Personally the writer would prefer a fragrant rose — a sweet rose — under any name. This requirement has been lost to man}^ of the most beautifully formed and richly colored of the new hybrids, and I fancy they carry a sense of disappointment, for it has become an instinct to carry a rose to the nose and expect it to be fragrant, and the nearer it approaches the odor of the old “centifolia,” the more sat- isfactory it will surely be. Among the fragrant perfectly hardy hybrids there are in reds: Ben Cant, Charles Lefebre, Duke of Edinboro, Earl Dufferin, Fisher Holmes, Gen- eral Jacquimenot, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, Maurice Bernardin, Hugh Dickson, Jubilee and Pierre Notting. Among the pink hybrids of various shades which are more or less fra- grant, are Alfred Colomb, Anne de Diesbach, Francois Michelon, Helen Keller, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Magna Charta, Mrs. John Laing and Paul Neyron. The newer white or whitish hy- brids are rarely fragrant, but Frau Karl Druschki is hardy, strong, with pure white long pointed buds. For scent in whites of fine form, however, reliance must be had on the teas or hybrid teas, such as Kaiserin and Bessie Brown, safe only in mild cli- mates. Then include Dickson’s new “ruddy yellow highly perfumed Betty.” For a climbing rose where the cold is seldom zero and on a west or south facing wall, and planted in well prepared rich soil, there is nothing yet to surpass the fifty-year-old Glorie de Dijon. It is quite hardy on such a wall. It if often classed as a tea rose. It is an abundant bloomer, fragrant, and its colors are salmon yellow, ivory and rose, in- tricately and beautifully blended. For a similar position, too, try Manda’s “Gardenia.” It gets nipped a little in severe winters, but has stood for years at Scudders Falls, N. J. It has bright yellow buds and small white flowers. I suppose a word or two ought to be said about growing roses. There is a Royal Road, and it lies chiefly in rich, well rotted manure and well rotted sods — from fence rows say — which grow on rather retentive loams. These mixed together in about the proportion of a third or .fourth of ma- nure to two-thirds of sod, and turned two or three times during a year be- fore using, is an ideal rose soil, for fine roses require fine feeding. Maybe you can't get just the right soil. It may be too clayey. Then add a lit tie sand. It may be too sandy, theiv try by all means to add some stifi loam. If you can’t do these things, don’t get discouraged, there will still be roses, but you will probably have .nore to say about those of your more fortunate neighbors than your own. If you have room for half a dozen round beds in grass in full light, dig the soil out to 18 inches or two feet deep. If any of it is good enough, you can compost it, but if not wheel it to a dump and fill your bed over- full with the good stuff; let it set- tle with a rain and plant your roses. GROUPING of BOTANICAL GARDENS PARK AND CEMETERY. 136 say five of a kind, in a bed 5 feet in diameter. Cut them back hard, don’t be afraid, but cut back to 6 inches, or there- abouts. It will be better for the sub- sequent growth and fine roses. If they can be cut back every year about December or early March to a foot or so for strong growers, and closer a little for weak ones, you will have finer flowers on more shapely bushes. Water well and thoroughly when dry weather comes along, say once a week. You can wash the dust off The remarkable work of the Shade Tree Commission of Newark, N. J., recently noted in these pages, is made more evident by the handsome an- nual report just issued, an illustrated book of sixty-four pages, telling of the accomplishments and methods of this very practical and successful or- ganization. The book includes a resume of the five years’ work of the commission and an account of the year’s work in detail. The expendi- ture for the year was $48,549, of which $27,976 was for planting and care of street trees, and the rest for the maintenance and improvement of public grounds and parks. The com- mission has planted a total of 10,697 trees in the five years of its activity. The commission also issues two very handsome and suggestive pamphlets on Arbor Day that are inspiring and practical aids to the observance of the day. Carl Bannwart is secretary of the commission. ik ^ Spraying has now become such a ptominent and essential part of the hor- ticulturist’s business program, and the literature in connection with it so ex- tensive, that no word is practically nec- essary to fix our reader’s attention upon the fact. But spraying to destroy noxi- •ous weeds is more of a new departure, and to record that it has been a subject of more or less successful experiment by competent authorities, certainly in- vites the co-operation of all cemetery and park officials to whom the eradica- tion of weeds has always been a source of extra work and anxiety. Many of the State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions, as well as the Department of Agriculture at Washington, have taken up the subject and report favorable re- tire leaves with the hose between times if you like, but avoid either perpetual muddiness or perpetual dryness. You will have insects and fungus or black spot. Spray for this in April and June with Bordeaux mix- ture. Use tobacco water for green fly. White Hellebore for caterpillars. The best plan for rose beetles is to catch them. Jar them into a pan of petroleum. That settles them, or any other bugs. James MacPherson. suits in directions where noxious weeds were detrimental to crops, fields and lawns; and in the latter the dandelion has also been kept well in check by the use of the spray pump and chemicals. The American Sprayer & Supply Com- pany, Champaign, 111., has been devoting close attention to this matter and has brought out spraying machinery and implements especially adapted to the work. The importance of the subject is such that it would be advisable for all interested to write to the company for their literature and experience in this department of spraying. PARK IMPROVEMENTS President E. J. Parker of the Quincy Park and Boulevard Associa- tion, Quincy, 111., has started a move- ment for the establishing of harbor lines for the city’s frontage on the Mississippi with a view to a future systematic development and beautifi- cation of the entire water front. A committee of the park association has been appointed to act in conjunction with similar committees from all other civic and semi-public organiza- tions in the city for the purpose of inducing the government to establish a harbor line. The Gardner estate announces that it will contribute an additional $4,000 toward improving Gardner Park. Mount Pleasant, la., has voted to buy a 39 acre tract adjoining the city on the north for a park. Superintendent of Parks William Madden of Dayton., O., is to push the work of improving McKinley Park, for which there is an appro- priation of $1,500. The Park Commissoners of Terre Haute, Ind., have formally taken pos- session of the new Parsons Field tract and are making plans for transform- ing it into a park. Elkhart, Ind., has taken possession of a river bank park tract recently donated by Mrs. R. M. Johnson. The late John C. Latham has be- queathed to Hopkinsville, Ky., two tracts for public parks and a fund of $.'50,000 for their improvement. John Schuette has presented to Manitowoc, Wis., a river front tract known as Riverside Park, which he had already improved at his own ex- pense. Charles L. Kiewert of Milwaukee will present to Watertown, Wis., a park tract on the Rock River. Gary, Ind., has passed an ordinance providing for acquiring by condem- nation a 90 acre park on the lake front. The lake in Cadwalader Park, Tren- ton, N. J., will be enlarged to double its present size, and some additional water fowl placed on it. The trees in this park will this fall be scien- tifically treated. Henry Klehm has begun the im- provement of the new Stephens Park at Moline, 111., which is to cost $30,- 000. The late R. M. Bruce deeded to Greenwich, Conn., a tract of land for a park. The Union Heights Allotment Co. of Alliance, O., has offered to that city a 14 acre tract for a park. The Beautifying Commission of Norfolk, Va., is considering the com- prehensive development of Smith’s Creek and adjacent land into a park and boulevard system. H. N. Castle is chairman of the commission. Captain W. M. Lewis has presented a new park to Racine, Wis., and do- nated $5,000 for its improvement. Under the provisions of the law which permits Kansas City to issue $150,000 in bonds for the acquisition of land for public parks, the Park Commissioners have just issued $45,- 000 worth of bonds. Out of the pro- ceeds, land is to be purchased or condemned for artificial lakes, sunken gardens and a parkway from Wash- ington boulevard. Engineers are now laying out a cliff drive to follow the Kaw River bluffs; extensions of the boulevards in the heart of the city also are proposed. Much of the land taken for park purposes is low priced property, and the municipality is sav- ing money by purchasing the ground at present. PARK NEWS. 137 PARK AND CEMETERY. ANNUAL MEETING of CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENTS For the first time in twenty-one years the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents has con- vened in Greater New York, the sec- ond meeting of the organization having been held in Brooklyn in the fall of 1888. Many changes have come in the method of conducting cemeteries since that day as a result of this orga,niza- tion and many of the men who were active in the work of founding it have passed on to the great beyond, revered in the memory of those pioneers in cemetery reform who have remained loyal to the movement. The twenty-third annual convention was held at the Hotel Astor, New York City, Sept. 14, 15 and 16, 1909. The sessions on the first day were held in the spacious and beautiful banquet hall of the hotel. A large attendance rep- resented twenty-one states and Canada, and included many ladies. The convention was called to order by President James Currie, of Milwau- kee, Wis., and was opened with prayer by Rev. Russell Collins, D. D. In the absence of the acting mayor of the city, Hon. P. J. McGowen, an address of welcome was made, by the Hon. Reginald Roull, who also extend- ed the visitors an invitation to stay over and witness the Hudson-Fulton celebra- tion. The president responded for the Association. President Currie then read his annual address in which he welcomed the mem- bers of the convention, and briefly sum- marized the growth of the Association and its influence. The improvements that have been accomplished in many, if not, indeed, in practically all of our best cemeteries, he said, were unques- tionably attributable in great measure to the influence of this Association. Foregoing the temptation to indulge in delightful reminiscences “concerning notable meetings, instructive discourses, and friendly tilts” that have marked former gatherings, the address dealt largely with suggestions concerning the policy of the Association with regard to increasing the membership, conduct- ing its annual conventions, etc. Referring to the suggestion that some modification of the title of the Associa- tion might prove advantageous, it was the president’s opinion “that no change of name could possibly affect the ob- jects of the Association” nor would any other title be “so generally satisfactory as the present one under which the Associatioti had flourished so harmoni- ously for almost a quarter of a cen-i tury.” He suggested pursuing “a dig- nified policy of soliciting new mem-> bers, letting well enough alone as far as change of name was concerned.” In the matter of locating and conduct- ing conventions he advocated a modifica- tion of past practices by adopting “a well-defined policy of moderation in all matters of a social nature, not neces- sarily by eliminating all forms of en- tertainment, but by practicing reason- able economy, placing a ban on extrava- gance and cultivating a truly democratic spirit. He said in part : “This is an institution inaugurated by a few zealous cemetery superintendents, unmindful of personal aggrandizement but unselfishly inspired by a laudable de- sire to elevate the profession and im- prove the character of our cemeteries. Today, less than a quarter of a cen- tury since the inception of the plan and organization of our association, we are reaping in generous measure the fruits of their la’oors and are glad to acknowledge our gratitude and to ac- cord to these brethren due credit for the achievements won by reason of their forethought and energy. Already our association has gained an almost world- wide reputation, and is recognized throughout the length and breadth of our land as a powerful factor in the present great movement toward ceme- tery improvement, which is now pro- gressing with a rapidity perhaps ex- ceeding the most sanguine expectations of its early advocates and promoters. * * * No member of this Association who has had experience in cemetery management and has had opporunity to make observations, needs arguments to prove to him, nor will he hesitate to admit the helpful influence of this so- ciety and the countless opportunities af- forded by it for a dissemination of use- ful knowledge and technical education without which the superintendent of any of our modern cemeteries with their many requirements, is very poorh% equipped, indeed. * * =i= “The good work now well begun must and will inevitably go on. Without or- ganized effort progress is possible; but just so surely as much that has been accomplished in the past is due to the united efforts afforded by our associa- tion, so surely will progress in the fu- ture depend upon and be in proportion to the numerical strength and earnest- ness of purpose of our membership.” The annual report of the secretary and treasurer, Frank Eurich,. showed a membership of 310 active and 3 hon- orary members. Five applications for membership were received during the year and several were dropped from the roll for non-payment of dues in ac- cordance with the rules of the organiza- tion. One active and two honorary members died during the past year, Charles A. Stiles, Malden, Mass.; Rt. Rev. Bishop McQuaid, Rochester, N. Y., and A. Bargamin, president Holly- wood Cemetery, Richmond, Va. The treasurer’s report showed a substan- tial balance on hand and a consider- able sum for dues unpaid. Mr. Eurich suggested that with this amount in hand it would be possible to devise a plan whereby it could be used for the bene- fit of the members. Twenty-one new members were admitted at this meeting, making the total enrollment 239. The report stated that a short his- torical sketch of the association had been published in pamphlet form, con- taining the constitution and by-laws also a list of members, etc., for distribu- tion among prospective members, in act cordance with the suggestion made at the Kansas City meeting. Copies of this pamphlet will be mailed by the sec- retary on request. Before adjourning the morning ses- sion it was announced that while the superintendents were attending the busi- ness session -in the afternoon the ladies would be entertained at the Hippo- 'I PARK AND CEMETERY. 1)8 drome under the direction of Airs. Grassau and Mrs. Diering. Afternoon Session. After disposing of preliminary busi- ness a paper by W. N. Rudd, president and superintendent Mf. Greenwood Cemetery, Chicago, on “The Subdivid- ing of a Cemetery in Lots, Plots and Single Graves” was read by Secretary Eurich. THE STJB-DItEDING OF A CEMETERY INTO SECTIONS, LOTS AND SINGLE- GRAVE SECTIONS. It should be understood that the following notes apply more particularly to cemetery tracts of the larger sizes, not especially diversified in topography, adjoining the larger cities and in which the first cost of the ground is high and the expense of de- velopment heavy. It may be stated that they are written more especially for condi- tions where the platted lots represent a cost of $2,000 and upwards per acre, exclusive of buildings, and where the average price obtained per square foot is 75c or more; it being understood also that a large propor- tion of the lot and grave owners are of the poorer classes and necessarily desirous of being as economical In their expenditures as possible. In those cemeteries where the first cost of the ground and the subsequent development are low. a more liberal allowance as to the sizes in the smaller lots and the space al- lowed for the single graves will be permis- sable. It is always to be remembered, how- ever, that every additional foot of ground entails a continuing additional expense for future care; that every foot of ground need- lessly used for drives, either by excessive width of the roadway or by providing for more drives than are absolutely necessary, is a serious burden for the future. There is not only the loss of the receipts from the sale of the ground so wasted, but the continuing heavy expense of maintaining the extra driveway, which is very much greater than the expense of maintaining the same area in lawn or shrubbery planted ground. -SECTIONS. The sizes and shapes of the sections will, of course, be determined by the general landscape plan and the layout of the roads; each separate tract surrounded by drive- w'ays being considered a section, although it will generally be found advisable to divide the spaces lying between the driveways and the boundaries of the cemetery into several sections by lines cut through the narrow'er parts. It is not a good practice to arrange for the driving of carts into the sections for the purpose of removing grave dirt and the like and the writer believes it Is gen- erally abandoned. For convenience in work- ing, therefore, these sections having drives on both sides should not exceed 300 feet in width except where the lay of the ground makes it absolutely necessary, and, on the other hand, they should not be greatly less than 200 feet in width, both through motives of economy and from the standpoint of general effect. The sections along the boundaries which have a drive on only one side should not exceed 150 feet, nor be less than 100 feet in width as a general rule. It is our custom, considering the high cost value of the property, to allow only ten feet free space between the boundary sections and the line fence, this, of course, being densely planted to trees and shrub- bery. The formal hedgellke appearance which would otherwise obtain being avoid- ed by running the planting out at intervals, somewhat more thinly, into the lots. The length of the sections should not be less than three times their width and we find sections 700 to 800 feet lo'ng not to be objectionable. The laying out of these long sections saves the loss of ground, the ex- pense of making and the maintenance of large areas of driveways. Another point to be considered is that practically all the vistas in cemetery land- scape are down the drives and the adjacent lots, and the only way that long and attrac- tive views can be obtained is by long sweeps of slightly swinging drives; the adjacent lots being deep, the monuments being placed at the back part of the lot and the plant- ing undulating towards and away from the driveways to conceal many of the monu- ments in the long vistas and partly con- ceal practically all of them. It is to be hoped, however, in this connection that no cemetery superintendent will attempt to make the final layout of his grounds with- out calling in the assistance of some land- scape architect who has had long and suc- cessful experience in the laying out of cemeteries. No matter how competent the superintendent is or how' long his experience in cemetery w'ork has been, his training is in the line of administration and development and the writer believes that in ninety-nine cases out of one hundred the aid of an expe- rienced landscape gardener will be of untold value, not only to the superintendent him- self, but to those who employ him. It is not the business of the cemetery superin- tendent to design a cemetery. His work is to develop the cemetery after the plans are made and to administer the affairs in a businesslike way. He is not an artist, but a hard-headed business man. Of course, it is necessary that he have a wide know'ledge of the technical parts of the work and thor- oughly appreciate the results desired to be obtained from the plans. The w'ork of lay- ing out the cemetery should be done by con- sultation between the landscape gardener and the superintendent, the former giving his wide knowledge and general experience, the latter modifying the ideas of the for- mer to fit the particular conditions with which he is necessarily .so familiar. LOTS. When the point of the sub-division of the sections into lots is reached, then the work must be done by the superintendent. Con- ditions in the different cemeteries differ so greatly that it is impossible to properly and economically subdivide the section with- out an exact and intimate knowledge of local conditions and of the character and w'ishes of the people who patronize the cemetery. In those cemeteries where a large propor- tion of the lot buyers are w'ell-to-do or ■wealthy people, the lots of course will be laid out into larger sizes and less regard will be paid to keeping them in shapes best adapted for the maximum number of burials with the minimum use of ground. On the other hand, in cemeteries where a large proportion of the lot buyers belong to the poorer classes the lots must be laid out in smaller sizes, as nearly rectangular as pos- sible, and the dimensions so figured as to allow the greatest possible number of bur- ials in the smallest space. Returning again to the subject of vistas along the drives — the reasons given there make it necessary that the lots adjoining the drives be large ones and that they have good depth; a minimum depth of twenty feet should be the standard and this should be increased to forty feet or more to as great an extent as it is possible to dispose of such large lots. A planting space of not less than two feet should be left between the lots and the drives. This is useful as a place for the laying of water pipes and occasional drains, form a protection to the lot against vehicles and horses, and pre- vents the setting of any headstone .too close to the drive. A w'ider space up to four feet would be desirable from many points of view, but considering the loss of ground and the expense of maintenance it is not to be generally advised. The minimum depth of the front lot, as stated, is twenty feet. This, with the plant- ing space of two feet gives a depth to the back of the lot of twenty-two feet, and if the monument is placed within a foot or so of the back of the lot, and the other lots on the other side of the drive are treated in a similar way, an open stretch of ground of fifty feet or more, including the drive, is preserved unobstructed by monumental struc- tures. Adjoining the front lot and extend- ing back to a four-foot walk parallel with the drive should be another lot a little shallower than the front lot perhaps, or of equal depth. The minimum depth, however, of any lot should not be less than 17 feet. This gives space for two tiers of graves with their headstones (16 feet) and six inches between the borders of the lot and the ends of the graves which should be the minimum allowance, one foot, of course, being better. Where some very large lots are desired and the laying out of the whole outer border into very deep lots would pro- duce too many of the larger sizes, they can be alternated, one lot running clear over to the back walk, being 37 feet or more in depth, the next being cut into two. a front lot of 20 feet and a back lot f>t 17 feet. A walk of four feet in width, it will be noted, has been recommended. The writer has found it an absolute w'aste to lay out any walk over four feet in width. This gives ample space for drains and water pipes, and as there is no teaming in the sections, there is no need for anything wider. At occasional intervals cross walks are to be constructed, running in as far as the first walk, at right angles wjth the drive and then going square across the center of the section on lines best adapted to the rectangu- lar subdivision of the inside turning again at the opposite side of the section to meet the opposite drive at right angles. Several points must be considered in de- termining the w'ldth of the lots on the drives. It should be understood that all dividing lines between these lots must be erected perpendicular to the drive. The w'idth of the front of the lot where it is desired to make the lots rather small, and especially where the drive curves outward strongly, must be fixed by a minimum width of the inside lot on the walk, as it is to be remembered that setting the dividing lines perpendicular to the drive makes them approach more closely as they come to the inside walk and if the front on the driv'e is made narrow, the front on the inside walk will be too short. In such cases it will be necessary to space oft minimum widths along the walk for the inside lots and let the frontage of the outside ones come as it will by dropping perpendiculars. On the other hand, where the drive curves in, the reverse condition will exist and the mini- mum frontages must be spaced along the drive and the perpendiculars allowed to strike where they will on the inside walk. One of the rqain things to be done in dividing a section into lots is to see at the time that no subsequent grouping or crowd- ing of monuments can possibly occur. Where a large demand exists for small lots, it is an excellent practice to lay out alternately two wide ones and then two narrow ones, the narrow ones to be sold with the agree- ment, which is entered in the deed, that no monument shall be ever erected upon them. In this way a large number of very desir- able small lots can be provided and yet the general appearance of the grounds be in no way injured. Our practice in the cheaper parts of the cemetery is to make these small lots S'hi or 11 feet front in the narrow part. By placing burials close together this gives three graves in width and allows a six-inch space between the outer graves and the lot line. An 8%-foot front by 17 feet deep will give six graves with headstones. We do not in practice, however, lay out anything less than 18 feet deep. In the larger lots grave spaces of 3 by 9 are al- lowed and from that on up to 4 by 10. When this part of the work is decided upon and the lots staked with temporary HARK AND CEMETERY. I3y M'ooden stakes, ^ve. have a planting space of two feet wide running entirely around the section, a lot 20 feet or more in depth hack of that, another lot 18 feet or more in depth further back and adjoining it, and a walk four feet in width running entirely around the section and parallel with the drive connected at convenient intervals by cross ■walks with the drives. These lots will none of them be square, although where the drive does not curve very much they are approximate rectangles and the stronger the curve of the drive the more wedge shaped they 'wull be. Enclosed by this walk is the center area of the section and the aim should be to divide this area into rectangu- lar plots of sizes adapted to meet the re- quirements of the lot buyers. Unless this part of the section is very desirable and is well elevated, it is proper to subdivide it into small lots, in so far as they are needed. Our own practice in regard to very small plots — that is, three and four grave lots — is to lay out lots 17 feet front and IS feet in depth. These can be redivided into halves making two 6 grave lots, or into quarters, making four 3 grave lots, or into two spaces 9 by 11 and one space 6 by 18, making three 4 grave lots; all of these small lots of course, to be sold without the monument privilege. A lot on which a mon- ument is to be erected should not be less than 20 feet in depth and the maximum frontage should not be less than 11 feet. This width is almost too narrow, however, unless on each side of the lot a no monu- ment lot is laid out. Two monument lots 11 feet front and adjoining each other will bring the monuments less than 10 feet apart, which is certainly an objectionable practice. In the no monument lot the size of 11 by IS covers an eight grave lot. or 13 by IS covers a ten grave lot; 11 by 20 and 13 Vs by 20 make monument lots of similar capac- ity. In the better parts of the grounds 12 by 20 is a more desirable size for an eight grave lot and from that on up. Careful planning is necessary to avoid as far as possible triangular lots or lots with long sharp tapering corners. Of course, some spaces of this kind will be unavoid- able, but it is our practice to cut off these sharp corners and throw the small triangles into the -walk, leaving spaces which can be planted with shrubs or used for waste receptacles if surrounded by shrubbery. In practice each lot, of course, is given a front- age on a w’alk and if two lots are 18 feet depth this will make the walks 36 feet apart. Cross walks, of course, must be provided at intervals. We have not found it necessary to make cross walks closer than 200 feet apart, and have not found 240 or even 250 feet very objectionable. One point to be remembered in the laying out of all lots is to have no curved lines. Curved lot lines as laid out by the surveyor by the swinging of a radial line, are very objection- able and very difficult to re-establish after monuments and headstones are erected on the lots. If the drive curves very strongly so that a straight line drawn from corner to corner of the front leaves too much width in the planting space, one or two points may be set in along the roadway two feet from its edge and straight lines may be drawn connecting them, the idea being to have every boundary line of a lot a straight line, which can always be verified and the points replaced if necessary. In the case of a circular section, which, by the way, is an abomination, points may be set at frequent intervals, maintaining the cir- cular edge of the roadway, but making the lot an octagon of similar figure. Small triangular sections, which are always to be avoided when possible, or if they are used must be sold at a very high price in order to reimburse for the waste ground and the additional driveway, may be laid out by erecting perpendiculars from the center of each of the three sides to meet at a middle point, making three lots. The pointed ends of other sections may. of course, be thrown into one lot in this way. In laying out walks, due regard must be had for the general direction of the travel. If the natural course of visitors is length- ways of the section, then the walks must be run largely lengthways, otherwise paths will be worn across the lots. It should be borne in mind that every foot of ground in a walk is not only a loss, but a constant future expense for care, and much study must be given to so laying out the lots that the minimum amount of ground will be wasted in walks. After all lots are staked temporarily, a rough plat or sketch of the section should be made, the lots given their proper num- bers, and concrete corner posts prepared and set at the outside corners, or such other markers as may be decided on. The inside corners may be marked by white topped terra cotta markers. The plan in force for marking lots with us, which has worked exceedingly well and saved much time by reason of the visitors being able to find the lots •without having some one sent to show them the way, is to have the outside corner posts made eight inches square (we should reduce this to about 6 inches, how- ever, except for the sake of uniformity, hav- ing started on the S-inch basis). Each marker contains the word “Sec.” and the number of the section. In Addition to that the word “Lot” is twice repeated and the numbers of two lots, it being set one-half in each lot. In this way the visitor by find- ing one corner stone knows immediately what section he is in. The stones are made of concrete 18 inches deep and are faced off like a cement sidewalk; the letters and fig- ures are properly assembled in a form and pressed in at one operation. The expense of these posts, set in place, of course, fiush with the ground, is about 35c, dependent largely on the cost of material, with labor at $2.00 per day. It is very strongly to be advised that all corner stones be made and set at once. The work can be done very much cheaper if all are set at once instead of setting one by one as the lots are sold, there is no subsequent trouble over the loss of stakes, no subsequent variation by errors in replacing stakes with the stones and if the work is done in this way the final sur- veying, measuring and platting of the lots can be left until the permanent markers are in. In addition to this it will be found a great convenience in showing and selling lots and make it possible to largely avoid the ex- ceedingly annoying error of showing a man one lot and giving him a deed for another number. If the cemetery is laid out into 200-foot squares, the intersections of the lot lines with the lines of those 200-foot squares can be noted, the lots then measured up and platted very readily. SINGLE GRAVES. Single graves are of two classes; the com- mon single grave, which is designed to be sold at the very lowest possible price, and the select or preferred single grave, ■which is practically a small lot for one interment. The less desirable parts of the grounds should be selected for single grave districts, and preferably they should be adjoining the boundary of the cemetery and in a location where the visitors to the lots will not pass by them. They should also, if possible, be so located that the crowds of people going to and from the single graves wdll not be tempted to cross other sections and wear paths in the sod. A very large area should be provided, if possible, to cover all needs in common single graves for many years. This should be of sufficient width to take 50 or more adult graves side by side and should adjoin a drive. A very good prac- tice is to call this one large lot and to sub- divide it into long strips at right angles to the drive. These strips are of sufficient width to take an adult grave and head- stone— that is, eight feet in width and if calculated for fifty graves should be 125 feet long — two and one-half feet being al- lowed for each grave space; rough boxes in this locality running 26 or 28 inches wide. Of course, where the general run of adult rough boxes is wider, more space will have to be allowed. These tiers are numbered generally from the south line of the lot north, at Tier 1 North, Tier 2 North, etc.; the graves in each tier being numbered from the drivetvay. An eight-inch square corner stone is set along the drive at each tier, marked “Sec. , Lot , Tier 1 North,” etc. and another similar stone should be placed at the other end of the tier. By stretching a line be- tween these two stones all the graves in the tier can be carefully lined up and the headstones can easily be set in the proper location. The grave spaces being accurately maintained, if it is desired to find any grave in the tier, no matter if all stakes and other markers have disappeared, it is simply a case for careful measurement. The graves in the tiers are to be marked with round cement or tile markers, each marker bearing' two numbers; the number of the tier above, which will be the same for each grave in the tier, and below, the number of the grave in the tier, which of course will vary for each grave. The de- scription of any grave is entered in the grave receipt as follows: “Lot , Section , Tier North, Grave .” With this description and a little explanation it will be found that the grave owners can in almost all cases locate the gi’ave they are looking for, thus saving a very large amount of time in the future which would other- wise be used in pointing out the location. It will be noted in this article that the writer pays no attention to laying out the grounds for the burial of bodies east and west. In the locality of Chicago the old idea that all bodies should be buried due east and west has been abandoned and no attention whatever is paid to the points of the compass. The lots face in all direc- tions and the burial is made entirely with reference to the conditions of the individual lot. Headstones, of course, in the single grave sections will be kept very low, preferably not over six inches high will be limited to one foot in thickness and not less than six inches and should be made six inches narrower than the width of the grave — that is, 24 inches, or less. * Between every four tiers — that is, 32 feet apart — four foot walks are placed for drains, water pipes and access. ,Of course, this sys- tem contemplates that no mounds what- ever shall be raised on the common single graves. The burials are begun at the polrrt farthest from the drive and progress towards the drive, to avoid passing over the graves already buried. The select or preferred graves are a higher priced proposition and should be of larger area and may be in better loca- tions. We have found it a not bad proposi- tion to take small lots here and there in the cheaper sections of six or eight grave capacity and divide them, selling them out singly. They being so few in number and being maintained in the same w'ay as the lot graves, they have not been found to be objectionable. (These graves are numbered on the same plan as the common singles; that is, the description of any grave will carry the lot and section number and will be Tier North, East or West, as the case may be and Grave North, East, or West, as the case may be.) * * • The laying out of lots and, single grave districts is not a matter in itself of great difficulty although it requires accuracy in the making ' of the final plat and very care- ful study. Bad judgment used in this work is costly, either "when it causes waste of ground or when it results in an awkward and inconvenient lay out. After the plat is recorded and sales are once started in the section no changes can be made, hence the maxim to be observed is “Make haste slowly and .study carefully.” PARK AND CEMETERY . 140 The foregoing;, as stated in the beginning, applies largely to the laying out of lots in cemeteries where the ground is fairly uni- form in its character. The more broken and diverse the character of the sections, the more will the superintendent be com- pelled to vary from the plans suggested here. It will be found very difficult to sell a lot which lies lower than the adjacent walk or drive, hence it is evident that where there are depressions in the shape of small gullies, walks shall in all cases follow them. Where circular depressions exist, in grading the section they wdll, of course, be filled to a certain extent. It is an axiom that no part of a section should be so graded as to allow water to stand upon it. Of course the superintendent will take advantage of mounds and desirable parts of the sections to lay them out in large lots and will be guided by the slope of the ground in setting his stakes and in facing his lots. In a general way, the less desir- able parts of the sections will be cut into small lots and the more desirable the ground the larger the lot, this simply as a plain business proposition. The prominent points at intersections of the drives should be laid out into one or several large lots and if the point of the section is quite sharp it will be advisable to cut back the lot some little distance and use the space so left out for the planting of shrubbery. PRICING. While not coming strictly within the scope of this paper, the pricing of lots is inti- mately connected with it and a few wcfrds may be advisable. The W'riter does not believe in pricing lots to the customer by the square foot. Sepa- rate prices should be fixed for each lot as a whole. These can be arrived at by fixing a square foot basis for a certain section or for parts of the section, estimating the area and obtaining the price in that way, adding a little to the prices of the more desirable lots and perhaps deducting a little from the lots which will be less readily salable. For instance, it wdll be found that lots on the drive or on an elevated part of the section will be sold very readily and in order to prevent their being taken up immediately the section is placed on sale, a material advance must be made in the price of such lots, the general idea being to price each lot according to its salability. It is our practice to increase the price of the lots bordering on drives about 10 to 15 per cent, to add about 10 per cent to corner lots or to lots having a walk on two of their sides. In the smaller lots it is also the prac- tice to add about 10 per cent to a lot on w'hich a monument is allowed over that on w'hich one is not allowed, or if it is not desired to increase the total price of the section, an advance of 5 per cent could be made on the monument lot and a reduction of 5 per cent on the lot on w'hich no monument is allowed. This is a good proposition in sev- eral ways. In the first place, it costs more to care for a lot with a monument on it than one on which there is no monument. In the second place, it* is well worth while to offer inducements to the small lot owner to dispense with a monument. The writer is not averse to a reasonable number of monuments of good design and material in a cemetery and believes it will be found impossible to prevent their use. The monument is with us and with us to stay. The evils of the monument are: good monuments badly placed; bad monuments — ■ that is, of poor material or faulty design — ■ wherever placed, and the crowding of mon- uments. The poor material and the faulty design are found largely in the cheaper class of lots and the class of people who buy these lots have a strong tendency to save on the size of the lot and put the money into a monument, thereby frequently making the monument just that much more hideous and unsightly. I would not be understood as taking the position that a small monument cannot be just as attractive and just as artistic as a large one. In theory they can be, in prac- tice they ar^ not. FLATS, It is well to adopt a standard scale for all plats. Perhaps the best scale for the original plat is one of 20 feet to the inch. Larger than this becomes unwieldy and a smaller scale does not allow sufficient space. The original plat should be made on a first class quality of cloth backed paper and all construction figures should appear thereon. From this a tracing can be made for record, and in this connection it should be noted that in the state of Illinois at least a severe penalty is provided for those who fail to have a plat of each section recorded with the public recorder before making sales. For working plats, blue prints, etc., a re- duced plat to the scale of 40 feet to the inch may be made. A copy of this on trac- ing cloth with the lines drawn somewhat heavier and the numbers and dimension figures also made heavier, may be reduced photographically for a zinc etching at a very small expense and this can be printed from very cheaply, thus making it possible to furnish each lot owner with a plat of the section in which his lot is, so that he can readily locate it without having to take the time of the employees in showing him where it is. * • « In conclusion the writer would not be un- derstood as stating that the methods pointed out in this paper are the only ones. They have been found to work well in his prac- tice and under the conditions obtaining in Mount Greenwood Cemetery, but there are no two places where conditions are the same and each superintendent will have to work out his own plan to fit his own conditions. The discussion which followed re- ferred principally to monuments. O. C. Simonds, Chicago, who was called upon by the president, said instead of pro- hibiting the erection of monuments on certain lots, as suggested by Mr. Rudd, he preferred to make these announce- ments in this way ; “In this section the lots are reserved for people who do not care to have monuments.” He had found in the old sections of ceme- teries a good many lots that did not have monuments and never would have, and assuming those people who did not have monuments would prefer not to have their neighbors have them, they would set aside one section and make the announcement as above. Frederick Green said the practice in “Lake View,” Cleveland, was to tell the people “In this section there are a num- ber of lots too small to have monu- ments upon them.” H. Wilson Ross said the experience in Newton Cemetery showed the only way to restrict the erection of monu- ments was to have it so specified in the deed, otherwise children of the third or fourth generation will violate the in- tentions of their ancestors. W. H. Druckemiller said there should be great flexibility in the rules of every cemetery. He suggested this clause for every cemetery deed : “This ground is conditioned upon the rules as they now exist, or may hereafter be enacted or created.” John J. Stephens, Columbus, O., read a paper on “Tree Planting and Tree Pruning” that Mr. Falconer and Mr. McCarthy said covered the subject com- pletely. “The Relative Values of Services, Burial Lots and other Accommodations” was the subject of a paper by Thomas White, Fairhaven, Mass., called forth an animated discussion regarding the prices of lots in cemeteries conducted on the mutual plan as compared with those operated for profit. The Question Box was prolific in timely questions. The first to be con- sidered wa.s “Methods in use for com- munication between office and grounds?” At Forest Home, Milwaukee, Wis., a private telephone system is in use with eight stations in the grounds. Lake- wood, Minneapolis, Minn., has a sys- tem of telephones at fifteen stations. A system of gong signals given from a tall pole near the center of the grounds. At Lakeview, Cleveland, O., the Bell telephone system connects with eleven stations ip addition to which there are six gongs in different parts of the grounds. The Hamilton, Ont., cemetery has a private telephone with six stations. The telephones are at- tached to trees, each of these has a gong placed against a sounding board, about twenty-five feet from the ground The service is satisfactory and economi- cal. At Hollywood, Richmond, Va., two magneto poles with gong and tele- phone attachments have been installed at an outlay of $15. The line extends three-fourths of a mile. Two tele- phones and a gong are operated on it successfully. “Does a Community Derive more Benefit from a Stock Corporation than a Mutual Corporation?” was the next question. F. Eurich saw good in both plans. T. McCarthy considered com- mercialism out of place in cemeteries, and thought all cemeteries should be ' under government supervision and be examined as insurance companies are. “Care and Improvement of Small ' Pond and Lakes” was discussed briefly by O. C. Simonds and H. W. Ross. The former said men in boats keep the weeds out of the lakes in his cemetery ; by means of a long net supported by floats the surface of the water is kept clear. Sulphate of copper is sometimes used to clarify the water, it will also destroy any undergrowth. Mr. Ross said the water in his pond was drawn off once a year and the bottom scraped Sulphate of copper is used twice a year to kill algfe; if too strong it will kill the fish. An interesting discussion followed the 141 PARK AND CEMETERY. introduction of the next question viz., “How Can the Maintenance of Mauso- leums, Monuments, etc., be best Provided for by Lot' Owners?” The president re- quested F. R. Diering to open the dis- cussion. He said there were probably one hundred mausoleums in Woodlawn, for which the owners had provided for special care. His board is now con- sidering the proper course to pursue. The question of whether compulsory rules regarding the amount of deposits necessary to provide future care would affect lot sales must be considered. Frank Eurich favored adopting a slid- ing scale of percentage on the cost of the building. In several instances in his cemetery 15 per cent has been used as the basis of cost. Something should be done to provide for proper care of such structures but whether compulsory rules were advisable was a question, W. C. Grassau regarded a percent- age basis as impractical owing to the difference in construction, and com- pulsory care might be disastrous. It was a matter for serious consideration! W. H. Harrison, of the Harrison Gran- ite Co., said there are many men who do not recognize the physical difficul- ties of making a mausoleum a perma-' nent structure. A cheap mausoleum is so undesirable as to be a menace to a cemetery. There should be rigid speci- fications for mausoleum construction. It would be an excellent plan, he thought, if cemeteries could establish a minimum price for mausoleums and also provide a fund for their future care. The next question considered was : “How Can We Influence Legislation so as to Require Executors or Trustees to Provide for the care of Lots When an Estate is Ample to do so. Even Though Heirs are not Interested?” Geo. W. Creesy said the laws of Massachusetts allow an executor to take from an es- tate a sum sufficient to endow a ceme- tery lot. T. McCarthy said a similar law is in effect in Rhode Island. Swan Point Cemetery has it printed in their annual reports and a copy is mailed to all executors of estates whose testators are buried in that cemetery. The law is not compulsory but some benefits have resulted from it. O. C. Simonds, chairman of the Com- mittee on Inspection of Cemeteries, sub- mitted a report setting forth reasons why this commitee should be abolished. The report was adopted. The Membership Committee reported favorably on all of the applications for membership and the following new members were elected; Thos. Wallis, Supt., “Rosehill,” Ravens- wood, Chicago, 111.; J. T. Yates, Supt. and Treas., “Spring Hill,” Lynchburg, Va. ; Wm. H. Minor, Pres., “Rosehill,” Chicago, 111.; Wm. Boon, Secy, and Treas., “Oakwood,” Syracuse, N. Y.; J. W. Broughton. Supt. of Cemeteries, Norfolk, Va. ; Robt. S. Franklin, Pres., Island Cemetery, Newport, R. I.; Ed- ward W. Werick, Secy, and Treas., “Ridge Lawn,” Pine Ridge, Buffalo, N. Y. ; M. C. Kellogg, Pres., “Riverside,” Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ; Dwight B. Snow, Asst. Supt., Grove St. Cemetery, New Haven, Conn.; Wm. M. Carr. Supt., “Forest Dale,” Malden, Mass.; Fred W. Allen, Supt., “Old Gray,” Knoxville, Tenn. ; Wm. B. Jones, Supt., “Highwood,” Pittsburg, Pa.; Sydney Yoder, supt., “Union Dale,” Pittsburg, Pa.; H. M. Barnes, Supt., “Harrisburg,” Harrisburg, Pa.; W. N. Kie- fer, Supt., Ardsley Burial Park, Glenside, Pa.; Wm. J. Quigley, Supt., “Riverview.” Wilmington, Del.; Andrew D. Smith, Supt.. “Mountain View,” Oakland, Cal.; Edward J. Marsden, Comptroller, “Graceland,” Al- bany, N. Y.; E. B. Wilhelm, Asst. Supt. & Engr., “Grand Lawn,” Detroit, Mich.; Lu- ther Cline, Asst. Supt., “Woodland,” Dayton, O. ; Walter H. Wheeler, Asst. Supt., “Crown Hill,” Indianapolis, Ind.; Richard Meade, Secy, and Mgr., “St. Mary’s,” Muskegon, Mich.; Leroy Christie, Secy, and Supt., “Ot- tumwa, Ottumwa, la.; John G. Kline, Supt., “Feriiwood,” Philadelphia, Pa.; F. L. How- ard, Supt., “Rosehill” Cemetery and Crema- tory, Linden, N. J. Second Day. At 9 :30 a. m. on the second day a procession of sight-seeing automobiles carrying one hundred and eighty or more persons left the Hotel Ast'or for Woodlawn Cemetery. The route trav- ersed was up Fifth avenue past palatial residences and famous hotels, through a portion of Central Park, Riverside Drive, past Grant’s monument, the Speedway, Van Cortlandt Park to the Jerome avenue entrance to the ceme- tery. There the party left the autos and began a tour of inspection which terminated at the new entrance near the Woodlawn station on the New York & Harlem R. R. Woodlawn is a ceme- tery of large lots and numerous costly memorials. It comprises over 400 acres of rolling land, of which about one-half has been improved. The first interment was made in 1865, the total number to date approximating 77,000. There are 12,000 lot holders and a spe- cial care or endowment fund of $300,- 000. An average of about $40,000 a year is added to this fund. Special endow- ment is provided for the care of some of the mausoleums, of which there are a large number of elaborate structures. The Huntington mausoleum represents an outlay of nearly a quarter of a mil- lion dollars. Jay Gould’s Grecian temple on a large circular lot and the tombs of many other multimillionaires are to be seen here. Landscape garden- ers of national reputation are employed to furnish planting plans and do the planting on many of the lots. Rhodo- dendorns, paeonies, viburnum, hydran- geas and other hardy flowering shrubs are used profusely as are the evergreens in great variety and effective massing. Several full page illustrations of views in this cemetery have appeared • in re- cent issues of Park and Cemetery. N’early two hundred guests sat down . to luncheon at the Hopewell Masonic Temple, near the cemetery, after which a business session was held in the hall. Herman W. Merkel, Chief Forester of the New York Zoological Park, ad- dressed the meeting briefly and pre- pared the visitors for some of the sights they were to see on their visit to Bronx Park and Zoological Garden which fol- lowed. Bronx Park comprises 662 acres, of which 250 have been given to the New York Botanical Garden and 261 to the Zoological Park. The latter is un- equalled by any similar institution in the world. The animals, birds, reptiles, etc., are houge^, caged or otherwise en- closed in ways as closely approximating their natural condition as it is possible to have them. The time was too limited to give either the “Zoo” or the Gardens more than a hasty glance. Some of the nature fakirs in the party dallied so long at the cages trying to trace their lineage according to the Dar- winian theory that the local committee of arrangements despaired of ever get- ting the party together. The return trip by automobiles concluded the pro- gram for the day. Roof garden sup- pers, theatre parties, midnight trips to Chinatown and other forms of diver- tisement according to individual fancy rounded out a well filled day. The program for the third and last day of the meeting opened with an au- tomobile ride that took the visitors through the Ghetto of New York, just as the residents of that interesting sec- tion of the city were beginning to cele- brate their New Year. Thence across the Williamsburg bridge, through Brooklyn to Prospect Park and Green- wood Cemetery. Sight-seeing autos are not allowed in Prospect Park ordinarily, but through the courtesy of Supt. W, J. Zartmann, of the Brooklyn Park Sys- tem, a special permit was obtained and the ride through this beautiful park was greatly enjoyed. Greenwood was entered at the eastern entrance and after a ride over many of the avenues in this picturesque and historic cemetery, the new receiving vault was reached and inspected. This building was illustrated and described in Park and Cemetery for August. It occupies the site of the old receiving tomb and is a vault and columbarium combined. There are 412 crypts and niches for 340 vases or cremation urns. Modern systems of heating, lighting and ventilating have been used. The in- PARK AND CEMETERY . 142 terior finish is of marble and mosaic, with bronze and brass trimming. Greenwood is one of the most famous of.Aiperican cemeteries, and the rest- ing placfe of hundreds of men and wom- en whose names are indelibly written on the pages of American history. Me- morials are to be seen of James Gordon Bennett, Horace Greeley, Morse, the in- ventor of the telegraph, and Howe, of the sewing machine, Peter Cooper, Henry Ward Beecher, the Cary sisters, John W. Mackay, Marcus Daly and many others. The interments average about 5,000 a year, the aggregate num- ber to date being about 330,000. The general fund for the care of the ceme- tery, made up of the surplus after pay- ing the running expenses of the ceme- tery, now amounts to $3,500,000, and the Perpetual Care Fund, created by in- dividual lot owners for their own lots, amounts to over one million dollars. The cemetery comprises 478 acres and gives employment to about 350 men. Outside gardeners are allowed to come in and do planting under the direction of the superintendent. The cemetery contracts for about $10,000 worth of budding plants, etc., annually. Con- tracts are usually made in the fall for the following season. Attractive dis- plays of florists’ stocks and monument dealers’ wares near the entrances in- dicate that business of no small pro- portions is done in these lines. After an inspection of the grounds the party was taken to a cafe on Ocean Parkway where luncheon was served, The Florida East Coast Quartette kept the company in a merry mood with their “coon” songs and instrumental music during the meal. The closing session of the convention was held here. In the absence of Mr. Zartmann, who was to have ad- dressed the meeting, Mr. Reilly, the secretary of the Park Board, read a brief paper by Mr. Zartmann in which he referred to the co-relation of parks and cemeteries to the public. The question what should be done in old cemeteries where only one-half of the lot owners pay for care and new lots are sold under perpetual care ap- pealed to many and brought forth a number of replies. Wm. Falconer said all lots in Allegheny Cemetery are given general care free of charge. Many of the owners of old lots are unknown. Wm. Crosbie said it was proposed to plant evergreens, shrubbery, etc., on old lots whose owners are unknown and thus beautify the cemetery. O. W. Crabbs said old lots were cared for and F. Jewson cited an instance where such care resulted in getting an unex- pected deposit for perpetual care, thirty years after an interment had been made. G. L. Kelly referred to a recent state law in Indiana empowering old ceme- teries to get money for perpetual care. New York has had a law for a number of years, said Bellett Lawson, Jr., au- thorizing cemeteries to assess the cost of care against a lot owner, and in the event of non-payment to dispose of the unused portion of the lot and devote the proceeds to general maintenance. A rising vote in regard to the admis- sion of automobiles showed a very small percentage of cemeteries where they were prohibited. The Committee on Memorials sub- mitted appropriate resolutions of sym- pathy and respect for the deceased members. A resolution was also adopted recognizing the work of the late John Thorp and extending sympathy to his family. The various committees submitted their reports and the election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as fol- lows : President John Reid, Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet cemeteries, Detroit, Mich. Vice-president, W. C. Grassau, Green- wood, Brooklyn. Secretary and treasurer, Frank En- rich, Woodlawn, Detroit, Mich. Chattanooga, Tenn., was selected for the next place of meeting, and Messrs. Bushnell, of Chattanooga, Kesterson, of Knoxville, and Hooper, of Richmond, Va., were appointed as the Executive Committee. The president and vice-president-elect made brief speeches expressing their ap- preciation of the honor conferred upon them, and the meeting adjourned. AMONG THOSE PRESENT: The secretary’s register sho'wed the fol- lowing persons present: Bellett Lawson and wife, Paxtang, Pa.; Geo. M. Painter and wife, Philadelphia; Chas. B. Jefferson, Philadelphia; C. G. Simon, Fox Chase. Pa.; Wm. N. Kiefer, Glenside, Pa.; Wm. J. Proud, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Miss E. V. Sim- mons, Philadelphia; Wm. Allen and wife, wife, Pittsburg, Pa.; Wm. Allen and wife, Pittsburg, Pa.; Wm. Crosbie, wife and son, Washington, Pa.; Wiliam Falconer, Pittsburg, Pa.; W. A. Addicot and son Sharon, Pa.; Geo. W. German and wife, Williamsport, Pa.; John T. Kline, Philadelphia, Pa. ; H. M. Barnes. Harrisburg, Pa.; W^'m. Harris, Wilkinsburg, Pa.; W. H. Druckemiller, Sunbury, Pa.; Sidney Yoder, Pittsburg, Pa.; Horace A. Derry and wife, Everett, Mass.; H. Wilson Ross and wife, Newton Center, Mass. ; Wm. Lord, Lawrence, Mass. ; Thomas White, Fairhaven, Mass.; R. A. Leavitt and wife, Melrose, Mass. ; Geo. E. Lane, Lynn, Mass.; Wm. M. Carr and wife, Malden, Mass.; E. King and wife, Springfield, Mass.; Geo. W. Creesy and wife, Salem, Mass.; John Gunn, Whitinsville, Mass.; C. W. Mitchell, Medford. Mass. ; J. H. Morton, Boston, Mass. ; James Warren, Jr., Providence, R. I.; Robert S. Franklin, Newport, R. I.; Andrew K. Mc- Mahon, Newport, R. I.; T. McCarthy and wife. Providence, R. I.; Rev. James P. Harrington, Providence, R. I. ; Perry W. Goodwin and wife, Jamestown, N. Y. ; John W. Keller and wife, Rochester, N. Y, ; W. C. Grassau and wife, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; F. R. Diering and wife. Miss Florence Dier- ing, New York; John B. Meisch and wife, Rochester, N. Y. ; F. Sheard, Rochester, N. Y. ; E. J. Marsden, Albany, N. Y. ; Wm. H. Boon and wife, Syracuse, N. Y. ; E. W. Werick, Buf- falo, N. Y. ; J. L. Halstead, Newburgh, N. Y. ; U. T. Dubel and wife, Canandaigua. N. Y. ; J. J. Cunningham and wife, Long Island City, N. Y. ; Chas. M. Chamberlain, Maspeth, L. I.; J. E. Trent, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; F. A. Sherman and wife. New Haven, Conn. ; R. E. Scrivener, Hartford, Conn.; F. S. New- comb, New London, Conn.; Geo. W. Voor- hees and wife, Norwalk, Conn.; Dwight B. Snow, New Haven, Conn.; Howard Scofield, Stamford, Conn.; Thos. E. Anderson and wife, Danville, 111.; C. P. Scott, Peoria, 111.; Bellett Lawson, Jr., and wife, O. C. SImonds, E. G. Carter, F. K. Rexford, Thomas Wallis, T. H. Little, R. J. Haight, Chicago; John Reid, H. P. Reid, Detroit, Mich.; E. B. Wilhelm and wife, Detroit, Mich.; Geo. A. Burton and wife, Coldwater, Mich. ; Frank Eurich and wife, Detroit, Mich.; Dr. R. N. Kesterson, Knoxville, Tenn.; Daniel E. Bushnell and wife, Miss Bushnell. Chat- tanooga, Tenn.; Arthur W. Hobert, Wm. Eurich and wife, Minneapolis, Minn.; W. F. Jewson. wife and daughter, Mankato, Minn. ; Frederick Green and wife. Cleveland, O. ; Forest McCoy, Cleveland. O.; R. J. Gohlke, Findlay, O. ; Luther Cline and wife, Dayton. O. ; John J. Stephens and wife, Columbus, O. ; John R. Hooper and wife. Richmond, Va. ; J. M. Broughton, Norfolk, Va. ; J. T. Yates, Lynchburg, Va. ; S. C. Pen- rose, Wm. G. Jones, Wm. Quigley, Wilming- ton, Del.; O. W. Crabbs and wife, Muncie, Ind. ; G. L. Kelly and wife. New Albany, Ind.; Wm. Halbrooks and wife, Evansville, Ind.; Walter H. W^heeler, Indianapolis, Ind. : J. H. Erskine and wife. Manchestor, N. H. ; E. C. Smith, Manchester, N. H. ; A. Reinharat and wife. Orange, N. J. ; F. L. How- ard, Linden, N. J.; Wm. H. Atkinson, Trenton; N. J. ; W. S. Pirie, Milwaukee, Wis. ; James Currie and wife, Milwaukee, Wis.; G. Scher- zinger and wife, Fond du Lac, Wis.; M. P. Brazill, A. E. Todt, St. Louis. Mo.; Lewis Ehlers, Baltimore, Md. ; Frank M. Floyd. Portland, Me.; Geo. A. Ruff, Lincoln, Neb.; F. H. Rutherford, Hamilton, Ont. ; A. W. Smith, Oakland, Calif. ; W. Ormiston Roy, Montreal, Can. ECHOES The impossibility of seeing every- thing of cemetery interest in and around New York in the brief period of the convention, will be readily ap- preciated by reading the account of the extent of the cemetery industry of the city on another page. Several members stayed over for a few days for this and other reasons, and some accepted the city’s invitation to re- main for the Hudson-Fulton celebra- tion. A cemetery man could put in the full three days in either Wood- lawn or Green-Wood to good advan- tage. One of the pleasant incidents of the convention was the reunion of the Eurich family. Mr. and Mrs. Eurich and their three sons, Frank, Will and Oscar, with their wives, had a very happy meeting at the Hotel Astor. Four of the charter members of the A. A. C. S. were present : Messrs. 143 PARK AND CEMETERY . Creesy, Eurich, Reid and Simonds. The two former have an unbroken record of attendance at twenty-four consecu- tive meetings. John R. Hooper, Supt. “Hollywood,” Richmond, Va., and wife were on their bridal tour and received congratulations from many friends in the association. Frank M. Floyd, of "Riverside,” Portland, Me., was welcomed by many old friends. This was the first national convention Mr. Floyd has attended since the unfortunate railroad accident sev- eral 5^ears ago that deprived him of both of his feet. W. W. Leland, of the Leland Com- pany, New York, made the ladies in the party happy by presenting each of them with a handsomely engraved silver spoon, a souvenir of the Hudson-Ful- ton celebration made by Tiffany & Co. The Leland Company was represented by Mr. Leland, E. L. St. George, M. A. Walsh and C. H. Billings, of the New York office, and P. E. Bunnell, Cleve- land, O., and O. R. Lowe, Rochester, N. Y. The ladies desire to express their appreciation of the Leland com- pany’s courtesy through the columns of Park and Cemetery. W. H. Harrison and Oscar Eurich, president and treasurer respectively, of the Harrison Granite Company, New York, and two of their out-of-town rep- resentatives, Harry Lawson, PhiladeL phia, and Harry Davis, Syracuse, N. Y., assisted in entertaining the visitors. Some idea of the extent to which mausoleums are being used in Wood- lawn Cemetery, New York, may be had from the fact that forty foundations for such buildings have been put in this year, that will range in cost from $5,000 to $300,000. The foundations for these structures almost invariably go down to bed rock. It was necessary to excavate to the depth of 27 feet for the founda- tion of the Leeds mausoleum now in course of erection. This building will be constructed of Tennessee marble on a molded sub-base of Balfour pink granite. It is being furnished by the Harrison Granite Company at an esti- mated cost of $80,000. The New England Cemetery Super- intendents’ Association was well repre- sented. A party of twenty-four ladies and gentlemen came over on a Fall River line steamer. Mrs. E. E. Hay, Erie, Pa., the only lady member of the Association, and one who seldom misses a convention, was obliged to remain at home to nurse a broken wrist, the result of a fall. Bellett Lawson, Jr., Supt. Elmwood, River Grove, 111., has had photographs taken of that cemetery for advertising purposes. The photographs are 3x1 ft., and take in a panoramic view of at least 1,500 feet. They will be framed for undertakers’ establishments, and other public places. iJir. Lawson has given considerable attention to cemetery advertising, and believes the most efficacious to be classified advertisements in the daily papers, inserted continuously and occasional illustrated writeups in Sunday issues. Walter E. Graham, president, and W. K. Hawks, general manager of the Philadelphia Lawn Mower . Company, were present with samples of their Styles A, E, K and C mowers, but did not devote much time to exhibiting their “Big Four” when they discovered twen- ty-five men at work on the lawns at Woodlawn using “Philadelphia” mow- ers. The visitors saw what good work they were doing and learned from Mr. Diering that no other make of mower is used at Woodlawn. Mr. Bomgardner, of the Bomgardner Lowering Device Company, Cleveland, O., had a sample of his new truck and elevating device for transporting and raising caskets to any desired level in receiving vaults, etc., but was disap- pointed in not having an opportunity to exhibit it. This is a device that will fill a long-felt want. The Granite State Mowing Machine Company exhibited samples of their mowers and trimmers at Woodlawn. The souvenir program of the con- vention was very tastefully designed and printed by the Kalkhoff Company, New York. The local committee provided hand- some souvenir lapel buttons for the occasion. They are composition metal, enameled, with the monogram of the Association encircled by the words “23d Annual Convention, New York, 1909.” Of course the local press could not let the opportunity pass without poking a little innocent fun at the cemetery men. The New York Sun said: “While in convention assembled for the discus- sion of grave subjects it is not ordi- narily the custom of cemetery superin- tendents to attend any sort of theatri- cal performance, but they made an ex- ception in the case of the Belasco com- edy, “Is Marriage a Failure?” believing that the answering to the query would confirm' their belief that a man is bet- ter dead than married. The cemetery superintendents were agreeably disap- pointed.” The New York Herald was even more facetious and devoted a half column or more to a report of “the annual ob- sequies.” The proceedings opened with the reading of the list of those who had registered at the various cemeteries during the last year. The gold medal for Industry went to a Phil- adelphia man, this being the tenth consec- utive time that city has carried off the honor. Some of those present were inclined to think that Philadelphia should be elim- inated from the contest in the future be- cause of the fact that residents over there permitted themselves to be buried without a protest. Then came a hot debate over the respec- tive merits of burying and cremation, the old timers clinging to the belief that six feet of earth made a better resting place than an oven. It developed during the dis- cussion that nine out of ten men cremated are married men. No reason was assigned, but in one instance it was recalled that after a man who had been married three times was put on the Are he begged the attendant to close the door, as he felt a draught. One fine old “Southern planter,” who was strong for cremation, was accused of being in the pay of the coal trust. One of the members of the association was found guilty of carrying a chopped onion in his handkerchief to accelerate his grief when the occasion demanded it, and was promptly expelled. This was the only unpleasant feature of the day. On the way from the silent suburbs they dropped into a dime museum and inspected a young man who was sleeping in a silk- lined coffin. Some of them could hardly re- sist the temptation to clamp on the lid. On the way to the hotel the members at- tracted considerable attention by standing at attention with heads uncovered when- ever a carriage went by. One of the local papers at James- town, N. Y., interviewed Perry W. Goodwin, Supt. of Lakewood Cemetery, on his return from the New York con- vention and published a three-column article on the most important subjects discussed at the convention. Incidentally this afforded Mr. Goodwin an opportun- ity to make public some information he was desirious of getting before the peo- ple of Jamestown regarding perpetual care and certain needs of Lakewood Cemetery. Maintenance of Mausoleums One of the most important questions discussed at the anuual convention of the A. A. C. S. A. in New York was the insurance or perpetual care of mau- soleums and monuments. It seemed to be conceded that it was almost impossible or, at least, not good business policy to enforce a rule that a fund be set aside for the perpetual care of mausoleums and large monuments, and yet it is evi- dent that some provision should be made for their care. In manj' of the older cemeteries are examples of poorly built — both as to material and workmanship — mausoleums which are an eyesore and disgrace. The writer saw in a large cemetery a tomb the iron door of which had rusted off and the coffins were float- ing about in the water exposed to the gaze of passersby. The mausoleum was built by an old man who left no chil- dren and whose fortune had gone to distant relatives and no provision was PARK A X D C E M ETERY. 144 made for the care of the costly tomb he had built for his last resting place. The necessity for some form of perpetual care of mausoleums is as important as is the care of lots, but the question is, how shall it be provided for? It was suggested that the sum provided for perpetual care should be proportionate to the cost of the structure, but this seems unfair, because in man}^ cases the more a memorial costs the less care it will require to keep it in good condition. A properly placed granite shaft or sarcophagus would last perhaps for cen- turies, while a mausoleum of equal cost, cheaply built, of poor material, might require constant attention and repairs. Then there is another problem : What would be covered by perpetual care? Would it only cover the removal of iron rust and the general cleaning of the surroundings, and perhaps painting of the iron work, if there was any, or would it insure against the falling in of the cap stones, the sinking of founda- tion or the cracking of stones or con- crete work? Is it not true that no hard and fast general rule can be laid down, and that the officials of each cemetery must be a law unto themselves? The tendency is toward a more rigid inspection of the plans for mausoleums and monu- ments by cemetery officials. It is prob- ably the wisest plan to insist upon per- petual care and to make a definite con- tract suited to the conditions in each in- dividual case. The contract to specify the exact amount of responsibility and work assumed by the cemetery associa- tion, whether insurance against earth- quake, lightning, blasting and vandals, or just ordinary care, such as is given a burial lot. J. H. G. THE CEMETERIES OF GREAT- ER NEW YORK Within a radius of twenty miles from New York’s City Hall there are 111 public cemeteries that are regu- larly incorporated companies. They cover more than 10,000 acres in all, and represent an investment of many millions of dollars. Within their gates are buried more people than make up the present population of Greater New York. Most of these cemeteries are, in the last analysis, huge real estate companies, which operate in New York under a special enactment of the legislature, says the New York Press. This provides, in substance, that one-half of the pro- ceeds derived from the sale of lots may go to the stockholders of the {Continued on page VI) K EEP your drives and walks free from weeds with HERBICIDE” Clean for two years by one application. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. Californiak. I have made a specialty of growing Privet for fif- teen years, and am now offering the lar- gest and best stock I ^ have ever grown. There is no doubt about the stock pleasing you. I am growing Privet to SELL. Let me quote ^ou prices before you order. ’^C. A. BENNETT, Box 64, Robbinsville, N. J. Grown Right and Graded TREES SHRUBS 1000 looeo 2000 2000 2000 3000 1000 5000 1000 2000 3000 60000 150000 Elm 2 to 4 in. Barberry Thunbergi 12 to 18 in. Barberry Thunbergi 18 to 24 in. Viburnum Opulus 3 to 4 ft. Crimson Rambler 2 year. Dorothy Perkins 2 year. Prairie Queen 2 year. Spiraea Van Houttei 3 to 4 ft. Spiraea Van Houttei 2 to 3 ft. Red Snowberry 2 to 3 ft. Purple Barberry 3 to 4 ft. Black Locust Seedlings. Hardy Border Plants. “THE QUALITY STOCK” The above is only a small part of our surplus. Send today for our special Price List of everything used in Park and Cemetery Planting. Get our price before ordering. AURORA NURSERIES Aurora, 111. Fall Planting September — October — November p. Double Chinensis; order now. r cuulca 2 to 5 eye divisions. Splendid varieties for Parks, Cemeteries. Large or small grounds. Our list of 90 varieties for Fall Planting, now ready. Ask for it. All the best ones including the latest varieties. pLl____ Field-grown Hardy Phlox in l lllUAca 10 bggt varieties, fine assort- ment of colors. I German, 8 best varieties. Japan, irises 0 varieties. Spanish, 5 best varieties. 3-year clumps. Price list free. 1 U CCa Address Hie Frank H. Wild Fleral Co., Sarcoxie, Mo. pjYACINTHS, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus and all other Holland bulbs. Lil. Hzurisii, Lil. Formosum, Lil. Longiflorum, Long. Mult., Long. Mult. Giganteum and Purity Freesias. California bulbs of all kinds such as Erythroniums, Calochortus, Fritillarias, Calla Elliottiana, Calla yTlthiopica and Oxa- lis. Japan Iris, Japan Lilies, Spiraeas, Paeonies and the largest assortment of miscel- laneous bulbs in America. Place your orders while we have the stock to offer. Don’t wait till the last mo- ment. Catalogue ready now. Get it in any event. We mail it free. J. M. THORBURN ^ CO. 33 BARCLAY ST.. NEW YORK CITY The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address lALL & BROOKSHIER, PaltMees & ■’f’ri, Thonitown, Ind. U5 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- variations, thus: S. L. 8:67-8, Feb. 09, means; Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, February, 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. American 3ot.''nlst, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal 'C. M. J.), $1.00 year; lOc copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.60 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year: 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Fmbalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Ebcchange, New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year: single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 vear; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ). $1.00 year; single copj% 15c. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, FTankfurt. Germany (German), G'. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.0.0 year; single copv. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 6c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and (jarden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt,- Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French. $4.50 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New York (Sci. Am.), $3.0.0 year; 10c copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, 10c. Civic Improvement, Home Grounds Chicago, The Xew, by G. C. Sikes. Illust. Outlook 92:997-1013. Aug. 28. Chicago, Plan for, by G. E. Hooker. Illust. Sur. 22:778-93. Sept. 4. How a Library Woke L^p a Town, by S. R. Askew. S. L. 9:177-8. Oct. iMedals and Plaques of Victor D. Brenner. Illust. M. N. 20:763-4. Oct. Dlunicipal Art in Western Cities: Eu- gene, Ore., by G. W. James. Illust. The Arena 41:515-24. Aug., ’09. Placing the House on a Side Hill Lot. by C. D. Lay. Illust. A. H. G. 6:14-5. Aug. Swimming Pool and a Tea House. Illust. House Beautiful, Chicago, Sept., ’09. Gardens and Landscape Gardening Bulbs. Hardy, for Outdoor Planting. Fruit Grower, St. Joseph, Mo., Sept. Bulb Garden, Two-Story Effects in, by S. R. Duffy. Illust. G. M. 10: 120-1. Oct. English Effects with Hardy Climb- ers, by Wilhelm ^Miller. Illust. G. M. 10:126-9. Oct. Fruit Trees in Parks and Open Places. Illust. G. G. 11:154-62. Sept.' 1. Floriculture at Illinois University. Illust. A. F. 33:349-50. Sept. 11. Floral Decorations at Seattle Expo- sition, by Jackson Dawson, Illust. Hort. 10:371. Sept. 11. German Gardens, Old, by V. Zobel. Illust. G. K. 11:151-4. Sept. 1. (German.) . Herbacous Borders, Rearranging. .L. F. 33:494-500. Oct. 2. Horticulture at Seattle Exposition, by L. R. Taft. Illust. A. F. 33:348-9. Sept. 11. Hardy Border, How to Plant it in the Fall, by R. Cameron. Illust. G. M. 10:118-19. Oct. Landscape Architect, by Stephen Child. Outlook, Aug. 21. One Hundred Plants for an All-Year Garden, by Leonard Barron. G. M. 10:124-5. Oct. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds -■\sphalt Macadam Roadways, by C. Richardson. G. R. M. 10:298-9. Sept. Bituminous Alacadam Construction, Hand Mixing for, by P. Hubbard. Illust. G. R. M. 10:296-7. Sept. Cemetery Improvement, Landscape and Plantsman’s Art in, by F. E. Gates. Illust. G. C. A. 9:150. Sept. Cleaning Stone, by C. L. Woolley. Sci. Am. 100:23. Jan. 9, ’09. Notes on Planting in Chicago Parks. A. F. 33:495. Oct. 2. Petrolithic Roads, Two Examples of. Illust. G. R. M. 10:310-12. Sept. Roads and Bridges of Cuyahoga County, O. Illust. G. R. M. 10: 287-93. Sept. Tar in Macadam Road Construction, by E. P. Hooley. G. R. M. 10:301-2. Sept. Trees, Fences and Hedgerows, by H. Parker. G. R. M. 10:299-300. Sept. Vitrified Brick; Its Construction and Manufacture, by G. W. Rummer. G. R. M. 10:305-8. Sept. Trees, Shrubs and Plants Bulbs, Hardy, for Everybody’s Gar- den, by W. C. McCalltim. Illust. G. M. ]0:112-16. Oct. Fern Flora of Pennsylvania, by W. A. Poyser. F. B. 17:65-83. July. Insecticides, Home-made. A. F. 33; 400-1. Sept. 18. Rare Forms of Ferns — XI, by W. N. Clute. F. B. 17:88-9. July. Shade Tree Question, The City, by T. Hastings. G. C. A. 9:151-2. Sept. Shrub Introductions, Promising, at .Lrnold Arboretum, by Alfred Reh- der. Hort. 10:369. Sept. 11. REPORTS. ETC., RECEIVED Jacob H. Prost, City Forester of Chicago, is issuing some useful lit- erature to acquaint the citizens of that city with the purposes of the new department of forestry which is un- der the direction of the Special Park Commission. “The Call for Trees” is a neat little pamphlet emphasizing the general value of tree planting and the work of forestry in other cities, and a leaflet illustrating and describ- ing the methods of extermination of the gypsy moth is designed to be of practical service. Mr. Charles Mulford Robinson of Rochester, N. Y., has recently pre- pared another of his handsome, elab- orate and inspiring Municipal reports, the latest being for Los Angeles, Cal. It is a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated quarto volume show- ing by word, plan and picture the way to a more beautiful Los Angeles. The report includes detailed sugges- tions for parks, playgrounds, civic center, station grounds, streets and other works of civic improvement. Harvard University issues a spe- cial announcement on the courses of- fered in its Department of Land- scape Architecture, which is the most extensive in the country. Frederick Law Olmsted is senior professor in Preserves Roads. Prevents Dust 1 i ROAD IN LINCOLN PARK SYSTEM, CHICAGO. CONSTRUCTED WITH TARVIA X As road engineers became familiar with Tar via they continually found for it new uses which were unthought of at the beginning. Tarvia A, which is applied hot and used with a finishing- coat of stone screenings, was the original Tarvia, and is now used on millions of yards of road- way every year for the prevention of dust and to preserve the road. Our largest customers are those who have had the most experience with it and the demand multiplies every season. Tarvia B, which is applied cold aird requires no special apparatus for application, was pro- duced to meet the demand for a dust layer to be used on highways where the more expensive and more perfect Tarvia A treatment could not be afforded. We now add Tarvia X, the result of several years experimenting. This Tarvia may be used in road construction and its wonderful binding qualities will add greatly to the life of the roadway. On a road built with Tarvia X the wear of automobile traffic does little damage, resultine in so great a saving in maintenance cost that the Tarvia treatment invariably effects a net saving when the costs are figured over a period of several years. Booklets on request. Barrett Manufacturing Company Boston St. Louis Cleveland Kansas City New Orleans London, Eng, New York Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia ^ Pittsburg VI PARK AND CEMETERY. ESTABLISH ED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parks, Cemeteries. Public and Private Grounds Published on the 15Lh of the Month by R. J. IIAIGIIT 324 Lear born Si.. Chicago EniTOR'* John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription. $1.00 a Year. { cSa. this department and James S. Pray assistant professor. Circular 167 of the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, is enti- tled “The Status of Forestry in the United States,” by Treadwell Cleve- land, Jr. “The Transactions of the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society for the year 1909, Part J,” contains a num- ber of papers of practical interest, among which are: “Ornamental Gar- dens and Garden Materials,” by Prof. E. A. White of Amherst; “Garden insects and How to Control Them.” by Prof. E. Dwight Sanderson of Durham, N. H.; and “American Land- scape Architecture,” by Prof. F. A. Waugh of Amherst. TRADE PUBLICATIONS, ETC. Phoenix Nurseries, Bloomington. Ill; catalog No. 3, of red tag trees. Maloney Bros. & Wells, Dansville, N. Y.; catalog of fruit trees. Peter Henderson & Co., New York; “Wheat, Grasses, etc., for Fall Sow- ing” and “Autumn Catalog of Bulbs, Plants and Seeds.” “Fall Edition, Catalog of Some Beautiful Elowers,” from the Wagner Park Conservatories, Sidney, O. “Vaughan’s Flower Seeds, Autumn, 1909,” Vaughan’s Seed Store, Chicago. NEW YORK CEMETERIES {Continued from p. iJ^f) corporation, while the other half must be used for the development, up-keep and general beautification of the property. There are a few, like Greenwood, for example, which are exempt from assessment and public ta.xes, and whose income from the sale of lots and from other sources can be used for no other purpose than the preservation, improvement and embellishment of the cemetery and the incidental expenses connect- ed with its administration. Tn either case large sums of money For Results in Cemetery or Park Work write H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect and Engineer Rockford, 111. Booklet, ''The Landscape Beautiful," mailed free Is Your Cemetery Satisfactory? Are you caring for it economically ? Is green grass the leading feature with shrubbery to give a proper set- ting to the monuments? IF NOT, then you need Howard EvartsWeed, Landscape Architect, 1715 Railway Exchange, Chicago, to modernize things for you. “The lot owners won’t let us" you say? If so, you have gone at it in the wrong way. You need Weed to give his stereopticon lecture — “More Beautiful Cemeteries” — in your town to point out the right way. By means of the stereopticon pictures the difference between the good and bad, between the graveyard and the mod- ern park cemetery is vividly shown. You are wasting your efforts in caring for the cemetery under present conditions. Get out of the rut. Wake up, even if you do have charge of dead people. Write Wceit today and he -will send yon some interestiTifj literature. FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Designs or full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys iliade if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Eneineer. F*lantlng Contracts We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants In America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty. We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and f'ark Organizations are invited to correspond relatl ve to either Planning otPlant- ING, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NUR5EPY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City, IWinn. 1200 Acres Accurate Records of Interments are indispensable to a well-ordered ceme- tery. Specimen pages of record books, in- dexes of interments and lot diagram books sent on application. B. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street, Chicago. VarK and Cemetery The best Medium I ■■kJ for keeping before Park and Cemetery Superintendents. SID. J. HARE landscape architect KANSAS CITY. MO. 3224 Campbell Street and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Agents Wanted — Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 OOVINUTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence In the World. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a erave. Write for samples of g-oods. Baker Bros. & Co. Tiffin, 0 . PARK AND CEMETERY . VII in the aggregate are accumulated, and are invested in bonds and mort- gages. The cemetery associations and companies, therefore, as a class, rank among the large financial insti- tutions in the city as lenders and in- vestors of money. According to the financial report of the Board of Trustees of Greenwood Cemetery, that association had invested in bonds and mortgages on December 31, 1908, more than $4,500,000, while its other assets, exclusive of the cemetery property-, amounted to more than ^300,000. In addition to this, there is nearly $1,107,000 held in trust for the special care ■ of certain lots. Greenwood Cemetery, which was ■chartered in 1838 and was opened in 1840, is one of the oldest and richest around New York. Every one who purchases a plot of ground of not less than 300 square feet becomes a stockholder and has a vote in the election of the trustees, who control the property. Up to the first of this year there had been 339,904 inter- ments in Greenwood’s 478 acres. In some of the fashionable ceme- teries a fairly good plot of ground may be had for as low as $1 per square foot, but in others it is much higher. Full lots in Greenwood sell at from a little more than $2 a square foot up to $5 and $6. In Kensico, among the Pocantico Hills, it ranges from 40 cents to $1.50 per square foot, while at AVoodlawn the prices range from $1.75 to $5, according to location. That the majority of these corpo- rations which embark upon the e.x- ploitation for cemetery purposes of great tracts of land in the suburbs are extraordinarily successful as business enterprises is beyond question. Land is purchased at a few hundred dol- lars an acre, and is sold eventually — ■ on the square foot basis — at the rate of $100,000 or more an acre. The cemeteries that are operated as real estate enterprises do not fur- nish to the public an abstract of their receipts and disbursements, so if one is not a stockholder it is not easy to ascertain the cost of operation or profits. Greenwood and the other cemeteries on the same basis, how- ever, furnish such financial state- ments. The latest one from the above named cemetery shows that its receipts last year were nearly' $606,000, and that it paid out for all purposes in the same period $380,193. Of this a little more than $166,000 was expended on labor. It is fair to assume that other great cemeteries of LILACS THE CHOICEST VARIETIES Including the famous HIGHLAND PARK COLLECTION Catalogue containing descriptions of 85 different kinds will be sent on request. This Catalogue also contains accurate and trustworthy description of the best Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants ELLW ANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Box W, Rochester, N. Y. ^ CLASSIFIED ADS lo cents a line each insertion : 6 'words to a line: minimum Price 50 cents. Coty must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN Nursery Stock. Plant Evergreens in Au- gust, Herbaceous Perennials in Septem- ber. We grow both in great variety. Our Evergreens are several times transplanted and Perennials are field-grown plants. Catalogue mailed free. The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass. For all the newest, besides standard sorts, of hardy perennials and old- fashioned flowers, for fall planting, see our wholesale price list. Ours is the largest collection found anywhere. All- right stock, all-right prices. Palisades Nurseries, Sparkill, N. Y. WHOLESALE PEONY LIST for fall 1909 is now ready. A postal will bring it to you free. J. P. Rosenfield, West Point, Neb. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskeville, R. I. Landscape Architects YOU WILL MISS IT if you do not write to F. A. HAENSELMAN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT, Boulder, Colo. Plans fur- nished for any kinds of grounds, also surveying, laying out, changing of old grounds executed at the most reasonable terms. WANTED I GERMAN, GOOD CHARACTER, edu- cated in best schools of landscape gar- dening, thorough gardener and florist; able manager with executive ability, brainy, imaginative, energetic and cap- able for the biggest job. 18 years in this country; want park and cemetery position; moderate salary; bond given. Address B-4, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of refer- ences as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. Always meniton Park and Cemetery when writing to advertisers SURPLUS WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus) Will quote F. O. B my Highlands Nursery, North Carolina, or any freight station in car lots. Recently transplanted. Must go. 300 White Pine, 2-3 ft. 500 ” ” 3-4 ft. 1100 ” ” 4-6 ft. 1000 ” ” 6-8 ft. Surplus list on request. Always address HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner, SALEM MASS. The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog Order From dealers who advertise in : : : Your Supplies PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when you write. BIND YOUR COPIES OF Park and Cemetery With the EMERSON PATENT BINDER Price 7Sc. postpaid. R. J. Haight, 324 Dear- born St., Ch cago. VIII PARK AND CEMETERY. the same rank are equally profitable. The cemeteries about New York vary in size from five acres up to more than 2,000. Pinelawn, which is in Suffolk county, Long Island, has 2,319 acres, and is the largest of all. Kensico is the next, with 600 acres, and there are three that are between 400 and 500 acres in extent. As the city has expanded the lim- its within which no new cemeteries may be established have been pushed further and further afield; yet there remain, even on Manhattan Island, many ancient burial spots that are hidden away by high walls from the casual observer. Some of these neglected cemeteries of other genera- tions are in the heart of the city and are worth several hundred dollars a square foot. There is a little triangle of ground, for example, in a cross street not far from lower Sixth ave- nue for which a fabulous sum has been offered time and again. There are but one or two graves in this tiny plot of ground, and they are over- grown with a thicket of interlocking brushwood, but it is still cherished among the dearest possessions of the society that owns it. One of the big department stores on Sixth avenue is built on three sides of another of these • ancient cemeteries. The windows that give view over the spot are more than breast high for a tall man, so that the average patrons of the place,, un- less they made an effort, could not see the graveyard, and would pass and repass it for years without sus- pecting its existence. CEMETERY NOTES In securing land by condemnation for an addition, Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, has become involved in a legal fight with owners of land in Saunders’ Park who want to prevent the Cemetery Association from con- demning their property unless the values are based on the land’s value for cemetery purposes. The owners allege that their lots are now prac- tically surrounded by cemetery prop- erty and have lost all value as resi- dence sites. The property adjoins the cemetery proper and they claim the price should have a distinct rela- tion to the price paid for burial lots in the cemetery. A plot in the cemetery the size of a residence lot is worth from $5,000 to $10,000, the owners say. The present action in the district court is a sequel to con- demnation proceedings five years ago. First, we goat it scientifically to find out just what all the possible— and ap- parently impossible — troubles are. Then we go about it systematically. to remedy them. The result is, that the good intentioned ideas and reme- d ies of superintendents, gardeners and committee men are not tried first one and then the other, to sort of keep everybody happy — at the expense of the trees. We treat cavities and seal them up; do discriminating pruning; stay and strengthen crippled parts; locate and destroy borers; spray at the right time with the right spray— in short, give your trees aclean bill of hpalth — and keep it clean. If you want to do business with the kind of people who do thi.s kind of thing, right, we would like to hear from you. Glad to send you at once our book- let on “Care of Trees.” You may like to find outmoreabout us, and we wish you would. One way, is to let us give you the names of some of the people for whom we have done some of these things. Munson - Whitaker Co. Commercial frr' Landscape Foresters 858 Tremont Bldg., BOSTON 1218 Monadnock Bldg., CHICAGO 1718 Flatiron Bldg., NEW YORK How We to Save Your Trees Help You rSpecimen Stock-i A full line of Evergreens and other Trees and Shrubs, all recently trans- planted. Also a fine line of Phlox, Iris, Peonies, Bulbs, etc. ROSEDALE NURSERIES TARRYTOWN, N. Y. The Improvement of Towns and Cities By Charles Mulford Robinson A comprehensive and practical handbook on Civic Improvement by the leading authority in Amer- ica. “Invaluable forcity and town officials; it should be in the hands of every mayor, city engineer, park superintendent and even councilman.” — Municipal Journal and Engineer, Price, postpaid. $t.3s PARK AND CEMETERY 324 Dearborn St.. Chicago DEALER IN Spruce, Baham and Hemlock Boughs Hardy Cut Ferns, Lycopodium, Laurel Mosses, etc. Boughs for cemetery use and for covering plants in winter. Hemlock is used for festooning and background, decorating halls, churches, etc. Boughs put up in 100 lb. bales. Can furnish in Bale, Ton or Car Load Lots. Now is the time to place your order for carload lots for Fall delivery before the rush Strictly No. 1 Stock. Write forprices. Address H. J. SMITH, Hinsdale, Mass. I Order I Your I Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when yon write. PARK AND CEMETERY. IX At that time the property was valued on the basis of surrounding residence property., and the court considered the valuations too low. The valua- tions were from $200 to $300 a lot. In case the courts do not instruct the appraisers to value the lots as cemetery necessities, the owners will protest the condemnation on the ground that there is no need of a cemetery extension, and that the present cemetery ground is sufficient for at least a hundred years. Portland Cement Grave and Lot Markers. Made 3 inch, 354 inch, 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds oftop marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under I __ f Haaco n^L- Poi-L- III patents No. 680,432 and 734,854. For circulars and prices. Address “CU* vJ. llaaaC, v/alk 1 artv^lll. Cemeteries West of Rockies, Address, Pasadena, Calif. * The Cemetery Superintendents' Asso- ciation of Texas will meet at Ennis in November. Charles Eschenbaum, Supt. Woodland Cemetery, Decatur, Texas, was active in perfecting the organiza- tion. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS The National Mausoleum Co. of Shelby, O., which has been promot- ing the erection of the patented con- crete public mausoleums by farming out the local rights to the patents, has expanded into the International Mau- soleum Co. of Chicago, recently incor- ■ porated under the laws of West Vir- ginia, to deal in patent burial crypts, mausoleums, etc., with an authorized capital stock of $1,. 500, 000, of which ■ $100,000 has been subscribed and $75,- 000 paid. The incorporators are; 1 James H. Strong, Charles H. Burras and E. R. Thurman of Chicago; Fred- erick L. .Maytag of Newton, la., one I ■ of the officers of the company that controls the patents in Iowa, and i William I. Hood of Shelby, O., the i patentee of the original structure. ' Plans for one of these buildings for j Oakwood Cemetery, South Tacoma, Wash., have been made, and con- j struction is expected to start soon. ■ It is to have 800 crypts and will cost JUST FRECTED FOR SANDUSKY CITY PARK. SANDUSKY. O. Send for Catalog. IJPD L r MV NEW YORK, St. James Bldg. PHILADELPHIA, Heed Bldg Lord & DUrntiam LO., Irvington, ll. l., boston, Tremont Bldg. Chicago, The Rookery Trad® /V\ark — F?ed Tag F'l'uit and Oi-nnm®nteil, Shrulbs, Roses, Bulbs end Send for Descriptive Priced Catalog FREE. 600 Acres. 13 Greenhouses. Established 1852. F=*HOErNi:x: pmursery go. Dept. X. Bloomington, 111. CEME^TERY RECORDS A Simple S;p'stem of at Com- plete Record of Interments, L-ot Owners, Location of Graves, etc. ^ .Specimen Pa^es Sent on Application ^ R. J. HAIGHT, Publisher, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago I X PARK AND CEMETERY. $40,000. The work is under the charge of the Tacoma Mausoleum Co., incorporated at $100,000. The West- ern Reserve Mausoleum Co., recently incorporated at Warren, O., controls the rights in these mausoleums in Trumbull, Lake and Ashtabula coun- ties in Ohio. A contract has been let for the renovating of the old South Ceme- tery at Charlton, Mass., and the re- setting of the ancient monuments. Cemeteries of New Bedford, Mass., observed the annual flower Sunday, September 12. The San Geronimo Cemetery As- sociation, Seguin, Tex., is to put a new fence around the grounds. M. P. Mason has presented a hand- some $3,000 fountain to Fairview Cemetery in that city. Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, N. Y., is to build a new receiving vault, and is considering the remod- eling of the old building into a crem- atory. It is reported that the ashes of between 150 and 200 bodies are in- terred in Mount Hope each year. The Highland Park Cemetery As- sociation has closed arrangements for the purchase of 200 acres about a mile w'est of Kansas City, Kan., on which it is to lay out a modern ceme- tery. Sid. J. Hare, Kansas City, Mo., is to plan the grounds. It is proposed to remove the bodies of the Wyan- dotte Indians now in the historic Hu- ron Place Cemetery in Kansas City, Kan., to the new tract. G. J. Davis, chairman of the Ceme- tery Committee of the Racine, Wis., City Council, has recommended tak- ing an option on an 80 acre tract just outside the city limits for future use as a cemetery. Moore & Warfield, civil engineers, have been given a contract for re- surveying Fairview Cemetery, Chick- asha, Okla. The Bennington Center Cemetery Association, Bennington, Vt., has en- listed a committee of leading citizens in the effort to raise an endowment fund of $10,000 for Bennington Ceme- tery. Rev. Isaac Jennings is chair- man of the committee in charge, and E. S. Buss superintendent of the cem- etery. Fifteen acres have been added to the cemetery at Muscatine, la., and Chairman Leu of the Cemetery Com- mittee is soon to arrange for the plotting of the tract. The old Kenwood Park Cemetery, Cedar Rapids, la., has been renamed Artistic Memorials In Granite and Bronze for Cemeteries and Parks Special designs submitted for Receiving Vaults, Me- morial Chapels, Mausole- ums, Sarcophagi and Public and*Private Monu- ments to be erected in any part of the United States HARRISON GRANITE COMPANY Granite Works, Barre, Vt. Main Office 44 East Twenty-third Street NEW YORK Austin Reversible Rollers Distinctive features A.nti>friction roller bearings. L.arg'e Diameter R.eversible. Perfect balance. 'Weight can be added without altering' proper balance or adding pressure to bearings. Five sizes. Eighteen different weig'hts. Write _for IlJujtraled Catalogue of SprinKJerj, Siveepers and Karth Handling Machinery, THE AUSTIN - WESTERN CO., LTD. CHICAGO ILLINOIS Rooting Slate, Blackboards, Structural Siatii special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY. AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Steck. Order Direct fron the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LOCK Box 48. BANGOR. PENN. PARK AND CEMETERY. XI Mount Calvary, and a new associa- tion under the leadership of Very Rev. Dean Toomey is making plans for an extensive cleaning up of the grounds. Contract has been let by West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, to Hitch- ings & Co., New York, for six green- houses, 150x27 feet each. All outside walls concrete. Half iron construction. Steam heated. .This will more than double the greenhouse capacity at this cemetery. They will be used principally for bedding stock, of which large quan- tities are used during the planting sea- son. Ground has been broken for a new mortuary chapel and receiving vault at *Mt. Hope Cemetery, Rochester, N. Y., to be constructed of cream colored Berea stone. The chapel will be finished in white oak and have a seating capacity of 250. The vault will contain 175 crypts. Bodies will be lowered from the chapel to the vault on a hydraulic bier. The improvement will cost $65,000. WHITE GLAZED XERRA-COXX/\ GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Pricea and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO., Limaville, Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Galvanized Cast Iron Grave &Lot Marks "‘A Gua.ra.ntee mith Every Mark'' BERGER MEG. CO. Marks for all Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St Catalog on CINCINNATI, 0. Request New York Philadelphia LAWN CARTS ancJ all styles of barrows and carts. Write for catalogue to LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. LANSING, MICH. WAREHOUSES : Chicago Kansas City Minneapolis and San Francisco John Reid, Detroit, fiUch., Supt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries, has used th Device 3,500 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mich., Oct. 4, 1906. Gentlemen — In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as Its neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that in the cemeteries under my charge we have nine of your Devices in use and used them at least 3,600 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best— There is none just like it A lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen thcbrake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Devic_\ The entire weight of device 7S founds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle,Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen— I desire to say that I do not see where It would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time fall your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. John Marsellus Mf g. Co., Syracuse, N. Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Gal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London,Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co., Los Angeles, Cal Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, MicHi^an The “AUSTIN” Motor Lawn Mower and Roller Will cut as much lawn as 2 or 3 horse-drawn mowers. D oes the work better, quicker and cheaper Easy to manage Reliable in every-day hard service WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AUSTIN=WESTERN CO., Ltd., CHICAGO BEN CQKCN • 1905 Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 9. NOVEMBER. 1909 Sub«:rip.ion]|;S,^g II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. Send for our landscape architect who WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN will furnish designs and show you Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, how, where, when and what to plant Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 AorM you can make your own at a very low cost on the Lawson Cement Marker Outfit? No better marker can be found or made. Write for descriptive circular and price Bellett Lawson, Jr. Care ELMWOOD CEMETERY River Grove, 111. Cemetery l^ecords Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParK fSL Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO — SF»ECI7VVEIN EVERGREENS LARGE ASSORTMENT, All lifting' with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity . ANDORRA NUR5ERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. For September PLANTING EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. Bulbs for Forcing and Outdoors Fresh Tobacco Stems, Bale of 300 lbs., $1.75, Ton, $9.00. Cash ■with Order W. C. BECKERT .... ALLEGHENY, PA. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Sftclal attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stack. Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY Le«KB0X48. BANGOR. PENN THE VULCAN COMPANY :: Detroit - Michigan j DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF | ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES AND FENCES We solicit correspondence from parties desiring designs and estimates on GATES and FENCES. Our work is executed with painstaking care and shows evidence of skillful workmanship and a conscientious effort to maintain a high standard of excellence. We are also specialists on BRONZE DOORS and GATES for Mausoleums. Send for catalog. i PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill This tandem roller has been espe- ciailly designed for rolling Turf, Paths, Parkways and Light Roadways and is espe- cially adapted for Park and Cemetery Work. There are today a great number of Park De- partments and many cemeteries using our rollers and at every point they have given the highest of satis- faction. We shall be pleased to send catalogue on request. Write to Buffalo Pitts Double Direct Drive Tandem Roller Buffalo Steam Roller Co. Buffalo, N.Y. Eastern Offices 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing- its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction when corresponding CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages — Park and Cemetery, ROAD PRESERVATION and DUST PREVENTION A Standard Work on Modern Road Problems by William Pierson Gibson Descriptions of all the late methods of dust prevention, road preservation and road making. Details of processes in applying oils, emulsions, coal tar preparations, tar-spraying ma- chines, tarmacadam, rock asphalt, macadam and bitulithic pavement. Sixteen oil emul- sions, oils and coal tar preparations are described, and records of experiments with all modern road making and dust laying preparations given. Easily readable for non-tech- nical men. Invaluable to alt who want reliable information on the pressing road problems of the day. PRICE $1.60 POSTPAID. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO John Reid, Detroit, Mich., Bupt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Oemeteries, has used th Device 3,600 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mich., Oct. i, 1906. Gentlemen — In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as its neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that In the oemetert'es under my charge we have nine of your Devices in use and used them at least 8,500 times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and yon are ready to lower the same, loosen the brake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can he lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device, The entire weishi of device 7S founds. E.R,Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the W ashington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen— I desire to say that I do not see where It would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time ( all your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Cincinnati Coffin Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. John Marsellus Mfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Gal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London, Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eckardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co., Los Angeles, Cal. IV PARK AND C EM ET ERY. A ready buyer awaits these trees Not the ordinary grade as commonly offered. Not fair specimens but the cream of large blocks selected when young and trans- planted with ample room for development, pruned, cultivated and well fertilized. Such trees not only transplant better but their shapeliness and vigor show the result of our special treat- ment. When you buy these specimens you get the best efforts of over half a century’s plant-growing experience. You will never take chances on the ordinary grade if you see this stock list. Lindens: American, European and White Leaved Horse Chestnuts: Red and White Flowering Maples: Norway, Sugar and Sycamore Ash: White and Qreen Oriental Plane American Elm Every Plant Buyer should have a copy of our Fall Catalog of Hardy Ornamental Plants. Our stock and service are both well known among Park and Cemetery Superintendents. We grow good stock and aim to please our patrons. Ask for catalog. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher Box 5 Penna. The Book of Water Gardening By Peter Bisset. The latest and most practical work. Full directions for selection of stock, planting, construction of ponds, improvement of sur- roundings; 100 photographs, diagrams and plans. Price $2.50 postpaid. R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons, Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York City. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago EFMEMK: Lf^f\C>5C'=^PE 'ARCHITECT ROCk-J^Lnrta jto. j*i.Y»V/*.***^VV-7** .VI.* A" I"* - ^ -«*,*• MEMBER of FRENCH and CERM AN SOCIETIES of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ADVICES, SKETCHES, DESIGNS, OR FULL WORKING PLANS FOR CEMETERIES, PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in English, French and German ALL WELL REGULATED CEMETERIES use GRAVE LININGS for decorating graves when conducting burial services. The Doddridge Linings are widely used. They are inexpensive and effective. A catalogue with full particulars sent on request. THE DODDRIDGE GRAVE DECORATING CO. IMILTON. IND. New York LAWN CARTS and all styles of barrows and carts. Write for catalogue to LANSING WHEELBARROW CO. LANSING, MICH. WAREHOUSES : Philadelphia Chicago Kansas City Minneapolis and San Francisco PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX. Chicago, November, 1909 No. 9 Horticultural Education How the times change ! Not so very long ago the technical horticulturist had a hard row to hoe, and his lack of prac- tical knowledge was in evidence as a drawback. The re- verse is now rapidly asserting itself, and to keep up with the procesion, as the saying goes, the practical man should seize the opportunities so freely offered to acquire the technical knowledge which will surely round them out. But so far as the younger generation is concerned, a few years’ practical work in gardening and horticulture makes a capital foun- dation for the technical course of the agricultural and other colleges; in point of fact to insure an early successful start such a foundation is necessary. There is considerable criti- cism yet afloat against college agriculturists and horticul- turists, but it is not well taken and is in a wrong spirit. The college does not pretend to compete in business with any- body; it simply endeavors to impart to the student the laws of nature which science has made plain, to teach the les- sons which such knowledge demonstrates as the right road to pursue, and to adapt to every-day conditions the prac- tice which such knowledge indicates as the wisest and most economical. There is no suggestion of the upsetting of valuable old ideas or practice in this; it simply adds the best of the new to the best of the old, and continues on its course to acquire better and broader knowledge as it develops. The college finished horticulturist always keeps in touch with this progress. There is one great thing to be said in favor of technical knowledge, it helps to avoid the mistakes of the past, and in this way, as in many others, it helps to save money. It is always well to keep up with the times and both in horticulture and agriculture. Ng A Mausoleum Problem The lack of knowledge in the past concerning the struc- tural requirements to insure permanency and stability in mausoleums is now the cause of a serious question in ceme- teries possessing such structures. It frequently develops that when decay and deterioration set in either the expense bill rapidly becomes burdensome or the building grows to be an eyesore and a menace to the physical appearance of the grounds. And usually no fund is available for repairs and possibly the owners repudiate the responsibility. From what- ever cause it may be, the fact remains that something must be done to change these conditions, and, whereas many of the larger cemeteries foreseeing these troubles may have ar- ranged with the lot holders for future care, the majority of cemeteries having mausoleums on their grounds have to face the problem. It should need no argument, now the facts are becoming manifest, that those who can afford such cemetery luxuries should also provide for their future care and maintenance; but it means a goodly deposit and a bet- ter understanding of cemetery obligations and laws. There appears to be one very sure way of meeting the difficulty, and in some cases it is being put into operation, and in many others seriously considered : not to permit the erection of any mausoleum without the funding of a sufficient sum of money, or perhaps other guarantees, to provide for all future contingencies. And as a further economical safe- guard, no mausoleum should be permitted unless the de- tails of construction promise the best assurances of per- manency, so far as the art of such construction is at pres- ent understood. Ng 'sg Ne Concrete in the Cemetery The rapid development in the use of concrete for struc- tural and other purposes, is not so remarkable on second thought considering its adaptability and the comparative sim- plicity of its manipulation. Then, again, its durability under . proper conditions, is decidedly in its favor. Yet it was hardly to be expected that it would invade the cemetery and considering the special nature of cemetery ethics, the wish was probably father to the thought that it never .would. It has, however, in the larger way of the concrete mausoleum, and there is to hand a communication asking us for any data we may have as to whether permission should be granted by the cemetery authorities for concrete structures. Outside the knowledge that a number of concrete mausoleums for publie purposes are being erected at various points of the country, and that certain leading cemeteries will issue no permits for such structures, we are on the alert for any information on the subject. We would, therefore, be glad to hear from any cemetery superintendents, or other officials, having knowl- edge of such a matter, concerning the attitude of cemetery associates on the question, with their views regarding the advisability of using concrete for structural purposes in their own or in cemeteries generally. We should highly esteem early information. ^ Municipal Playgrounds Some of the large cities are giving a broad interpretation to the municipal playground question; others are following in their wake, but sooner or later all important communities will realize the good to be achieved by authoritative atten- tion to the needs of the young during their growth into adult citizens. It is a commentary on commercialism that in its pursuit so much that promises a future greater good should have to be neglected and it is unquestionably true that no parent, so engrossed in business as the present day business conditions demand, can give the absolutely necessary atten- tion to his children’s needs that the state should require and so it devolves upon the municipality to take up some share of the home work in order that the next generation shall be equipped for the business of life and government as befits the enlightenment of the age. No one can read the reports of the progress of playground development and its already won- derful results without realizing the very great importance of this 'work. Petty Pilfering How to prevent the pilfering of flowers and flower recep- tacles in cemeteries and parks, is a question that often crops up especially in the smaller places, where adequate police protection is impossible for financial reasons. It is there- fore hardly possible to suggest a remedy otherwise than that eternal vigilance may meet with reward sooner or later, and that then the law will impose a punishment remedial in its effect upon the community. Where the attraction of certain lots apparently leads to frequent depredations some special detective work might result in the arrest of the delinquents, but circumstances differ in all places and advice in one case might be altogether wrong in another. It is possible that the local press would be of service in the prevention of these annoying thefts, at least it might help to raise the standard of community self respect to the end of rooting out the evil. 149 PARK AND CEMETERY . For next year it is planned to spray all the elm trees of the city as soon as the foliage develops. The capacity of the present machine will be entirely inadequate to accomplish the work within two or three weeks, when the spraying must be done. A census has been taken and it is found that there are about 900 large elm trees on the city streets. Some of these trees are the most beautiful in the city. If they were destroyed by the pest it would take a great many years to replace them, hence it will be necessary to purchase another machine. The Commission is making all preparations in its power to attack the Elm Leaf Beetle as soon as the leaves develop. There have been only two arrests during the year for violation of the ordinance relating to the protection of growing trees, such as the Soft Maple and the Carolina ■Poplar has been prohibited. In the pruning of trees, too, the street is treated as a unit and all the trees are pruned to a uniform height, so that low branches will not inter- fere with traffic nor obstruct street lights. The citizens are beginning to recognize the wisdom of the methods employed by the Shade Tree Commis- sion. At the beginning of its work the Board met with opposition when anouncement was made that certain streets would be planted with Pin Oaks, Red Oaks and other hardy varieties. The people wanted “quick grow- ing trees,” like the Carolina Poplar. The streets planted with Pin Oaks, however, show up beautifully. Especially in the more recently developed sections of STREET PLANTED WITH PIN OAKS BY THE SHADE TREE COMMISSION IN APRIL, 1905. Photo taken in August, 1908. shade trees passed by the Shade Tree Commission last year. This fact speaks well for the public interest in caring for the city trees. Special watchfulness was neces- sary on streets where building operations were carried on to see that no injury was done to trees. The builders needed constant warnings to protect the trees. The office work of mapping the old and new trees on streets improved by planting has been continued. Dead trees have been removed wherever occurring and the ce- menting of injured trees has been carried on as the neces- sity of special cases demanded and as the funds of the Commission permitted. The Commission always holds it- self in readiness to attend to any complaints in regard to street trees and to extend to citizens expert advice. The principles of shade tree planting which this Com- mission has advocated are the use of only hardy trees, the setting out of only one species on a street, and the placing of specimens sufficiently far apart to allow for full development in growth. The planting of trashy, quick the city, where the houses are built near together and close to the street line, and where there is not much of front lawn, the work of the Commission is telling. The planting of fine hardy trees not only increases the value of the property so improved, but also relieves the harshness of the perspective of a row of bare buildings. In the planting and care of trees it is a very important matter to enlist the help of the children. On Arbor Day under the direction of the Superintendent, the grounds of the Eastern School were improved by the transplant- ing of large elm trees, the planting of a 250-foot hedge of Rose of Sharon and the laying out of six beds of shrubbery. On Arbor Day a tree was planted with ap- propriate ceremonies by the pupils of the Franklin School. The expenditures of the Commission for the year amounted to $6,911. The officers of the Commission are: Alfred P. Boiler, President; Edward M. Colie, and Ernest H. Bennett. Wiliam SolotarofT is Secretary and Superintendent. PARK AND CEMETERY. 150 TAR FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF ROADS Read by Hervey J. Skinner, Engineering Chemist, Before American Gas Institute The problem of preserving the sur- face of roads and highways and the prevention of dust has been given at- tention by highway engineers for many years, but not until the year 1905 was the question seriously considered in the United States. The increasing use of automobiles and motor vehicles about this time introduced a new condition to be considered in the building and pres- ervation of roads. Reports from vari- ous parts of the United States, Eng- land, France, and wherever the use of motor vehicles had become common, showed that the automobile was exert- ing an extremely destructive effect upon road surfaces. The advent of the automobile has changed very materially the character of the traffic. The action of the rubber tires is very different from that of iron tires and practically no dust is worn off to replace that removed by ordinary wear. The great tractive force or shear exerted by the driving wheels of motor vehicles is the main cause of this in- jurious effect. It has been demonstrated by a series of experiments in which separate speedometers were connected to the front and rear wheels of automo- biles ■ that there is a very appreciable amount of slipping of the driving wheels on the surface of the road. This slipping effect throws into the air large quantities of the fine surface material, which is caught by the air currents generated by the car body and subse- quently removed from the road by the wind. The increasing number of automo- biles each year emphasizes their import- ance as a factor to be taken into consid- eration; and consequently highway engi- neers have given careful study to the necessity of making a change in the present practice of road construction, as well as evolving some new method of preserving the surface of the enor- mous mileage of roads already built. Coal tar has been employed in road building for many years. Tar macadam roadways were constructed in Notting- ham, England, as early as the year 1840. The application of tar to the surface of a completed macadam road, while comparatively new in this country, was tried in France about forty years ago. In the United States, the first experi- ment which attracted the attention of road engineers was in the summer of 1905, when a series of careful experi- ments were made at Jackson, Tenn., by the United States office of public roads in co-operation with the city engineer of Jackson, to determine the value of coal tar in the treatment of broken stone roads. The methods of applying the tar have varied considerably, but perhaps the one more generally used, especially in., the earlier experiments, is to remove the dust and all loose particles by thorough- ly sweeping the surface of the road and then applying the tar from an open kettle mounted on wheels and fitted with a portable fire box. The tar is brushed over and into the surface with stiff brooms such as are ordinarily used for street work. The kettle is kept in advance of the workmen and by using two kettles and heating one while the other is in use, the process is made continuous. After allowing the tar to soak into the surface for at least ten hours, it is covered with a layer of sand or fine stone screenings. When several hours have elapsed, the road is completed by rolling with an ordinary steam road-roller. In some places, and particularly in Europe, mechanical means have been employed for applying tar. Some years ago, the Road Improvement Association held in England a competitive trial in which many of the machines were fitted with ingenious devices. Nearly all of them provided for heating the tar and applying it under pressure by means of compressed air. Some of them were designed for carrying on the whole op- eration with one passage of the vehicle. The dust and loose particles were first removed by suction and drawn up into a receiver. The tar was then applied by compressed air and spread over the surface of the road by means of auto- matic brushes. The fine material pre- viously removed was again distributed over the surface and rolled by the steam-heated wheels of the machine. Some of these machines were drawn by horses, and others, the larger ones es- pecially, were self-propelled. The method most commonly used at the present time is a compromise be- tween strictly surface application and tar macadam construction and is known as the penetration method. In this method the surface of the road is brok- en up by means of a scarifier, new ma- terial added to fill ruts or other de- pressions, and the road reshaped. After a slight rolling without the addition of water, the tar is applied and allowed to stand as in the previous method. A dressing of fine material is then spread over the surface and the road well rolled, with the result that a surface is formed in which all of the spaces be- tween the hard stone are filled with a minimum amount of tar. A road treated in this manner is similar to one built by the tar macadam process, in which the stone and tar are mixed before be- ing laid. The character of the tar is of almost equal importance as the condition of the road. Tars vary widely in composition even when produced by the same pro- cess. The character of the coal used, the method of carbonization and the temperature of distribution all have a decided influence on the composition of the tar. The value of coal tar in the surface treatment of roads depends al- most entirely upon the binding power of its heavy bitumens. Besides these bitumens,, there are present other sub- stances such as water, ammoniacal liquor, oily constituents including the light oils and the creosote or “dead” oil, napthalene, anthracene and similar compounds, and free carbon, the pro- portion of which varies according to the manner in which the distillation process has been carried out. The presence of water in coal tar has a similar effect as moisture in the road. If a tar containing water is applied to a dry road, the latter absorbs the water more readily than the tar, producing the tar-proof effect to which reference has already been made. Difficulty is also experienced in handling tar containing an appreciable amount of water since the water causes foaming, and if the vessel is heated by direct fire the dan- ger of the tar going over the side of the vessel and taking fire is great. Am- monia is another undesirable constitu- ent. Napthalene and anthracene, while they exert no particular harmful effect as in the cases of water and ammonia, have no binding power and their pres- ence simply reduces the amount of bi- tumens which may be present. Free car- bon, like napthalene, has no detrimental effect, but, on the other hand, it is a useless constituent. The oily constitu- ents of the tar are valuable to some extent since they act as diluents. The amount of tar is another import- ant detail and if more is applied than the road can properly absorb, it will re- main on the surface and be taken up by the top dressing with the resulting for- mation of a crust. Another objection to an excessive amount of tar is that it has a tendency to become sticky in 161 R ARK AND CEMETERY. AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION warm weather and slimy in wet weather. Sand or fine stone screenings have been used as a top dressing in the ma- jority of the trials with coal tar, al- though occasionally the fine material re- moved from the road previous to tarr- ing has been used. Stone screenings are probably the best material to use on a macadam road since they furnish a dressing of the same material as the road itself. Water, salt solutions and light oil emulsions are of the nature of tempo- rary binders and are not to be com- pared with the more permanent ones such as coal tar and oils having an as- phalt base. The use of oil has been confined largely to the United States and by far the greater portion of the work has been done in the west, owing to the proximity of the oil fields which sup- ply oils with an asphalt base. Experiments have pretty clearly dem- onstrated that tar is not adapted for the treatment of gravel or soft earth roads owing to the fact that it does not amalgamate sufficiently well with these materials to bind them together. For roads of this class, therefore, oil has been more successful than tar. The use of tar has been and must be con- fined almost entirely to macadam or broken stone roads, and for roads of this nature it is probably more suit- able than oil. Oil, as a rule, has greater power of penetration than tar, but its value is dependent in a large measure to its as- phalt base. Tar solidifies quite completely as soon as it is cold and does not depend ex- cept to a small degree on the gradual evaporation of its volatile constituents for it's hardening. It is comparatively free from the objection of being picked up and thrown by the wheels of ve- hicles, and although it has a decided odor which lasts for a short time after application, this is not particularly ob- jectionable and to most people is much less offensive than that of crude oil. An objection is sometimes raised to the use of tar on account of a fine black dust which wears off of the tarred sur- face. It is true that such a dust is formed, but the amount is insignificant in comparison with the dust which would have formed if the road had been untreated. A properly tarred road is similar to an asphalt pavement although of a more resilient character. The stone is all bonded together by the tar into a smooth, firm surface which can be swept and washed in much the same manner as an asphalt pavement. The annual convention of the Ameri- can Civic Association now being held at Cincinnati, November 15 to 18, in conjunction with the National Munici- pal League, promises to be a great meeting for civic uplift. The pro- gramme as arranged has ensured the presence of distinguished men and wom- en in the various fields of activity for which the association stands. “Conservation” is to be in many re- spects the key note of the several ses- sions, and prominent among the speak- ers on that subject will be Dr. Charles W. Eliot, president emeritus of Har- vard University. J. Horace McFar- land, president of the American Civic Association, has given “The Intimate Relation of Conservation” as the title of his annual address. An entire day will be devoted to ses- sions on city planning, with leading experts present to participate in the dis- cussions, including, it is expected, Fred- erick L. Olmsted, John Nolen, George Park authorities are just beginning to appreciate the full value of tar- via as an agent for reducing the gen- eral road maintenance expenses. Although tarvia is primarily for use on macadam roads, as has been de- scribed in these pages, it is also use- ful in the making of sidewalks. The Bronx Zoological Park in New York City is almost completely paved with tarvia walks. The process is the same as for roads except that it is done by hand with greater exactness and care as to the mixing of the stone and the tarvia. It is especially available for E. Kessler, Harold A. Caparn, Warren- H. Manning, Dr. John Quincy Adams, and others. The session devoted to- nuisances will be an important one with reports on the latest successful attempts at the abatement of the billboard, smoke,, noise and other nuisances. Another important session will be that devoted to national and state parks and' reservations. The development of state parks is one of the latest extensions of the park idea, and is being given a great impetus in several states, notably Wis- consin and New York. A special ses- sion will be devoted to art and civic im- provement. Other sessions wilt provide for ample discussion of trees, streets^ playgrounds, children’s gardens and other departmental activities of the American Civic Association. The sessions of both associations are to be held at the Hotel Sinton, and Cincinnati committees spared no prep- aration for a completely successful meeting in all respects. long, wide promenades where pedes- trian traffic is not heavy. The cost of such walks would be too high if they were built of ordinary material, and for light traffic the tarvia side- walks will be found to answer every purpose. For cemetery authorities, a tarvia road is desirable because it is able to withstand the heavy crushing loads- incidental to the transportation of monuments. Ordinary macadam suf- fers from the sheer weight of the big trucks but the tarviated roads are said to stand up under it very well. TARVIA IN PARKS and CEMETERIES BUILDING WALKS WITH TARVIA A. In Bronx Park, New York. PARK AND CEMETERY. }o2 CHICAGO’S FALL FLOWER SHOW Although much smaller than the National Show of 1908, the Chicago Flower Show of 1909 was far and away the best in arrangement yet given in this city and excels in this respect any seen by the writer. The plan was fine in a large way. It possessed the two fundamental principles of good design — unity and variety. Seen from the galleries, the entire show, barring only the nursery exhib- its, was seen as a whole and made a complete and pleasing picture. This is something not heretofore attained and something worth while. The writer recalls mentioning in these pages last year, the just dissat- isfaction of exhibitors with the stag- ing of cut blooms, and also making the suggestion that no show could properly be called well arranged un- less such exhibits were made integral parts of the decorative scheme. This year they were just that— part of the show itself. Considered carefully, much of the excellence of effect was due to a cor- rect appreciation and use of back- grounds. Everything — cut flowers, plants, and nursery displays — had suit- able backgrounds. It made a tremendous difference. Cut blooms seen against banks of growing scenery, and plants distrib- uted in groups and masses as simu- lated planting on a spacious lawn, be- neath a starry sky, are a different story from those placed on barn-like expanses of bare planks and against soiled and sordidly barren walls. Add to the above gardenesque effect vine-covered lattices, suggesting unex- plored beauties yet to be disclosed, and picturesque straw-thafched, lan- tern-hung pagodas, and you have ma- terials for charming pictures. The background idea was consist- ently adhered to throughout. Even the nursery exhibits shown in the erst- while forlorn annex took on a fresh and natural aspect by reason of a continuous painted canvas background covering the rear wall and, seen dimly through the tracery of real branches, aptly suggested more trees and landscape beyond. Consequently, the shrubbery exhibits made a better appearance than ever before. A novel feature noted .among the competing room decorations (and these, too, fitted nicely into the scheme in the form of two streets of Japan-like rooms open on the street side), represented a Japanese interior and their method of placing cut flow- ers and plants on the floor or in low situations so that one looks down on them, thus securing a view of foliage as well as of blossoms, as opposed to our wasteful, not to say crude, use of an over-profusion of color and general habit of overlook- ing the beauty of leafage as well as of the form and placing of flowers among their foliage. The plan of the exhibition being educational, in that it was an exam- ple in itself of the “massed sides and open center” of good landscape plant- ing, it was quite i-n keeping that this idea should be further emphasized bj^ a series of talks by Mr. J. H. Frost, City Forester, given daily in the an- nex, among the well-arranged shrub- bery exhibits, and illustrated by ster- eopticon views. Mr. Frost endeavored in these fa- miliar talks to impress individuals with their opportunities to do as much, or perhaps more, for civic beauty by their combined small im- provements, than the municipality with its park, boulevard and street planting. He preached the gospel of back- yard beauty, and who shall deny that the beautification of Chicago back yards on a wholesale scale will go very far toward securing the much- talked of, greatly-desired City Beauti- ful. The private improvement propa- ganda was given further impetus by the free distribution of a leaflet con- taining information, plans and sug- gestions regarding the practical treat- ment of city lots. This leaflet, pre- pared by Mr. Frost, was printed at the expense of Vaughan’s Seed Store, and its character makes it exceedingly useful to city home-makers. Certain- ly nothing adds so much to the home-like aspect of any dwelling in city, village or country as well-placed planting. Frances Copley Seavey. FORESTER or TREE WARDEN Editor, Fark and Cemetery: Every student of municipal affairs must heart- ily agree with your proposition regard- ing the necessity of our cities assuming control of their street trees and of placing their care in the hands of a properly qualified officer, as set forth in your last issue. However, as to the term “City For- ester” as being the proper designation for this officer, I for one, dissent, as I believe the same to be a misnomer. A forester is one encharged with care of a forest. Forestry deals with the science of timber production on a com- mercial basis — it is crop production on exactly the same basis as wheat, corn on any other agricultural crop. One can scarcelj' imagine two terms that share so little in common as city and forest. They are opposites both in spirit and in purpose. The one is dis- tinctly formal and artificial in character, and the other entirely natural. Forestry deals with the tree primarily from the standpoint of its money value as ex- pressed in square feet of lumber or cords of wood. In other words it is purely a utilitarian purpose, while the street tree exists for the purpose of (Continued on page VIII) VIEW IN THE CHICAGO FLOWER SHOW. 153 PARK AND CEMETERY. MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF STREET TREES Address by A. T. Erwin, Iowa State Col- lege, Before Iowa League of Municipalities There are two distinct points of view concerning the care and owner- ship of street trees. The one may be termed the individualistic, and the second, the collective. In the first in- stance its title and property rights are vested in the owner in front of whose lot it chances to be planted. It stands on the same basis as his house, or the cherry trees in his gar- den. Its presence or absence is pri- marily a matter of his own concern only. It is his privilege to have trees or not, as he may choose, to plant many or few, and of whatever kind he prefers. From the other point of view street trees are regarded as strictly a part of the street itself, and as such are distinctly public property. Under this plan it is assumed that it is the pub- lic primarily rather than the individu- al that is most concerned. To secure a well planted street there are certain conditions which must be met. First of all there inust be the exercise of judgment as to the proper kinds for planting. This entails a knowledge of trees as to their comparative hardiness, rate of growth, readiness with which they are transplanted, immunity from insects and diseases, etc. The hard maple, for example, is a splendid tree in most parts of Iowa, but a failure in the re- gions from Cherokee west to the Mis- souri River. The sycamore withstands the smoky, gaseous atmosphere of the factory district much better than most species, and so I might continue to enumerate. These are only minor de- tails, yet they often determine the success or failure of the enterprise, and their application presupposes the knowledge of trees which the average citizen does not have, and cannot be expected to possess. In the next place there should be uniformity as to kind. A given street should be planted entirely to one va- riety. Under individual ownership the. effect of the street planting as a whole is often nothing more than a hodge-podge, and sometimes repre- sents as many different species of trees as there are lot owners. One even occasionally notices the use of cedar trees and other evergreens for this purpose. Frequently an owner in his anxiety to get somethin'g started plants a box elder, which is really a scrub, and not a tree at all. A good example of the finished product under a unified plan may be seen in the city of Washington, where Indiana Avenue, for example, is planted with white elm, another with the plane tree, etc. Under these con- ditions even the most casual observer must be impressed with the idea that here we have first of all a unified plan to work by and that the treatment is comprehensive, and dignified and the results better in every way. The centralized control also ad- mits of uniformity as to distance apart and the correct alignment as re- gards width from the parking. In this connection we would remark, that probably the majority of our streets are planted too closely. The amateur sees only the young sapling rather than the full grown specimen, and crowds in two trees where there is room for only one. None of our larger trees such as the wdiite elm should be planted closer than 40 feet apart, and if it covered this point only the matter of municipal control would be well worth while. Various insect pests are making trouble with our shade trees and the time is not far distant when we shall have to enter upon a definite warfare against them if the trees are to be preserved. The most of these pests can be effectively combated, but the spraying apparatus required for this work is entirely too expensive for any one individual to supply, and the most effective period for fighting them is usually at a stage of their growth when they are not at all conspicuous and when they would be the least no- ticed by the general public. In most instances when a private citizen be- gins to complain about some insect on his trees its work has been done and the really effective period for de- stroying it has past. One of the most important reasons for the municipal control of street trees is in the interest of their pro- tection. The growing of a tree is a long termed proposition, and the work of years can be destroyed in an hour. The ruthless destruction and butch- ery of rows of our hard maple and elm by telephone companies is a burn- ing shame and represents an indiffer- ence to public interests and a crudity which a more advanced society would not tolerate for a minute. Most of our Iowa towns seem to be helpless, or, rather, indifferent in this matter, and there is serious need of regula- tion and control. In some instances there is also need of regulation to protect the tree own- er from his own follies. In the spring about the time the buds begin to swell it is a natural instinct of human na- ture to want to get out of doors and do something. More than one man seeks for the pruning saw and under the delusion that he is improving them tops his trees and dismembers them in the worst kind of fashion. If he is too busy to do it himself he falls the ready victim of the pro- fessional tree pruner, whose pay is de- pendent upon the amount of brush he leaves behind. Every one should un- derstand that the leaf system of a tree performs a most necessary and useful function in the work of nutri- tion; that the leaves correspond in a measure to the lungs and stomach of an animal, and that the topping of a large tree is about as sensible as the removal of both lungs from a healthy robust person. Iowa is classed as a prairie or tree- less country. The natural conditions for tree growth are not the most fa- vorable here, and common sense would therefore dictate that we exer- cise all the more care in an effort to counteract so far as possible these natural obstacles. In point of fact, however, conditions are quite the re- verse in this regard, and generally speaking, there is less attention given to this subject here on the part of either the individual or the municipal authorities than in timbered sections where trees grow much more readily. The matter of gas plants is an item of discussion in many of our Iowa tow'ns, and the number of plants is sure to multiply within the next few years. A careful reading of the fran- chises recently voted on in an Iowa town reveals the fact that there is not a single line relating to. the mat- ter of leaky mains or stipulations as to the kind of calking-to use to avoid this, etc. In the older cities, at least, the destruction of street trees from this source has become a very serious matter. In the Massachusetts Gas Commission Report of 1905 the state- ment is made that fully 10 per cent of the gas which enters the mains escapes in this fashion before it reaches the house meters. Gas injury PARK AND CEMETERY . 164 to street trees is a matter which has been fully established in the courts in the older parts of the country, and we should surely exercise every reas- onable precaution to avoid a repeti- tion of the experiences they have had in the East. The width of the parking also af- fects the care and control of our street trees. In Iowa there is but little uni- formity about this. In some cities the ordinances define the parking line at 12 feet from the property line for a 66 foot street, and in other cities it runs up as high as 20 or 24 feet on a street of the same width. Generally speaking the majority trend toward .too narrow a parking. The result is that pole lines and street trees are forced into too close a prox- imity to each other, and where these conditions prevail trouble is sure to It is only in comparatively recent years that cement has come into more extensive use as a building ma- terial, and it is but natural that the majority of us are as yet undecided about how to proceed in the painting over cement, because we have not had sufficient time in which to make our experiments, note the results and arrive at a positive conclusion. A painter once told me he had trouble with cement surfaces until he found a method which he could rely upon. His method was to give the surface a coat of strongly glued cal- cimine before applying the oil paint; this might have helped him out at the time, but it is certainly no method which can be safely recommended. Many hastily conducted experiments have led to wrong conclusions, and it has even happened that two men, ex- perimenting along the same lines have come to opposite conclusions. The reason for this is that there is a difference in cement and cement sur- faces. It has long been the popular opin- ion that linseed oil is hurtful to ce- ment, and also that no oil paint would endure if applied direct to the cement. I believe both of these opinions to be wrong. One of the foremost authorities on cement assures me that he has been painting with oil paint over cement for many years with the best results. It is true, however, that all non-dry- ing oils are more or less destructive to the cement, and if the cement wall follow sooner or later., and the trees always get the bad end of the bar- gain. Trees on a wide parking are also better protected in general and are less likely to be mutilated by driving too close or by hitching to them. Aside from the matter of tree growth the general appearance of our streets would be greatly improved by a wider parking. On many of our town streets the actual wearing sur- face is confined to a narrow tract, and the remaining two-thirds of the street proper is covered with weeds and tall grass. This portion is ragged and un- kempt, giving the entire street a shab- by and neglected appearance, where- as, if this portion was brought into the parking each abutting property owner would become responsible for its care and lawn treatment.- should be saturated with raw linseed oil there is no doubt about the out- come, as the oil would slowy disinte- grate the cement. But for painting we do not use non-drying oil, and our oil paint will dry on the surface with- out affecting the cement, a fact which has been fully demonstrated. As for the cement affecting the oil paint., so is that more apparent than real. It is held by experts that cement surfaces properly executed, clean and dry, are no more dangerous to oil paint than the modern wall plasters. Undoubtedly most of the trouble is caused by the painting being done be- fore the cement is dry. Cement dries very slowly. The opinion of men who are experts in the use of cement say that a cement wall must stand at the very least over one summer before painting with oil paint. The first thing required is to wash the surface thoroughly with a weak solution of muriatic acid, followed with a good wash of clean water. The strength of the acid solution should be about 7 or 8 per cent. This wash will clean the surface, neutralize to a large extent the alkali, and thus make on the smooth cement surface enough of an impression to give the paint a proper hold. The surface must then be given time to dry perfectly. In painting it is well to use consider- ably more turpentine than is ordinar- ily the case, and very little dryers. In fact, boiled linseed oil is considered preferable to raw. For priming, the paint should be used thin, and contain so much turpentine that it is almost flat, increasing the amount of oil for succeeding coats. Each coat must be given ample time to dry before the next one is applied. For water color or calcimine, wash- ing with muriatic acid solution, fol- lowed by clean water, should be done if first-class work is to be expected. When the surface is thoroughly dry it should be given a coat of alum size, or, still better, a coat of flat paint, and when the size is dry the surface is ready for calcimining. One painting contractor, who does a great amount of work in our Eastern sky-scrapers, tells me that he makes a size of equal parts of acetic acid and alum. His formula is one pound of acid, one pound of alum and two gal- lons of water. I have not tried this size, so I give it for what it is worth. So far so good, but in this method there is one thing which nearly every- body is opposed to using in paint now- adays, namely, time. Time is the great sesame for all painting. Give the surface time to dry and let one coat dry thoroughly before another is ap- plied. In our modern rush the painter is, however, often forced, against his pro- test, to paint over a surface long be- fore it is dry enough to receive the paint. This is true not only of cement, but also of plaster and sand finish. We all know there will be trouble when painting is done over a wet surface, and with cement the main difficulty is that it dries so very, very slowly that it is invariably painted before it is half dry. It may appear dry on the surface and still contain a large quan- tity of moisture. To meet this demand for rush, in- ventive methods have set to work to make a paint which can be applied over cement as well as plaster surfaces while the same are still damp. There are a few such paints on the market to-day; some are manufactured in paste form to be thinned down with turpentine and benzine. They dry out perfectly flat, have great covering power and will ad- here to the damp cement or plaster by virtue of the fact that they will per- mit the moisture in the wall to evapo- rate through. It must be plainly understood that ordinary oil paint or enamel cannot be applied over them until the wall is thor- oughly dry, because such coating will close up the pores of the wall, so to speak, prevent the moisture from es- caping and force it to accumulate be- hind the paint, causing the paint to blis- ter and come off. PAINTING CEMENT SURFACES , Paper by P. W, Nelson, Before Ohio Painters' and Decorators' Association 155 PARK AND CEMETERY. A SURVEY OF AMERICAN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Read by Prof. F. A. Waugh, Amherst, Mass., before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society The art of landscape gardening is now well established in America. A considerable number of professional landscape gardeners serve a constant- ly widening circle of clients. Courses of instruction in landscape architec- ture are offered at several universi- ties. The laity begin to understand what landscape architecture means, and from the body of past ignorance there begin to emerge the forms of public ideals. A new and higher standard of public taste is being raised. At this point it becomes important that we should take a survey of the situation. We should consider what progress has been made. We should measure carefully what has been ac- complished. We should scrutinize present standards to see that they are just, and if they are we should try to make them operative in a larger field. We should examine critically all the work within our reach to know its merits and its weaknesses and if possible to catch its meaning. We should acquaint ourselves with the leading artists in this field and with their work in order that we may esti- mate and appreciate everything good. If possible we should discover and point out the tendencies of the times in landscape gardening. We want to know what is going on, and how, and why. It is worth while to ask the question whether in landscape archi- tecture we have achieved anything worthy of our time,, anything respond- ing to the spirit of the twentieth cen- tury, anything distinctive, representa- tive, national, American. For this is precisely the question I seek to raise. My subject is not “Landscape Architecture in America,” but “American Landscape Architec- ture.” The former subject is quite worth w'hile, but it leads straight to the latter. We ought to study what- ever landscape architecture there may be in the land, but finally we want to know what there is in it that is Amer- ican. The Field of Criticism. Were it possible to do it, we should ^find it altogether wise and proper to begin our inquiry on the basis of what has been done in America. We would go over the finished works of landscape architecture to analyze, classify and criticise them one by one. However, the present moment does not supply the opportunity for a de- tailed and critical examination of ma- terials; but we must at least assume the critic’s point of view. It is a point of view which we have seldom (almost never) yet attained, but a point from which matters of large import may be seen. It will be quite worth our while to consider for a moment what rela- tion criticism bears to art — the critic to the artist. We do this of course with our own special art in mind, but we must take our instruction chiefly from what has been done in other fields. In the field of landscape archi- tecture criticism is almost unknown; and this fact presents unquestionably the greatest handicap under which the art labors. The landscape architects themselves appear to be not only blind to this defect, but they seem almost to present an organized oppo- sition to every improvement in this direction. Consider first of all the refinement to which criticism has been brought in the field of literature. The authen- ticated works of Shakespeare may be printed in a comfortable pocket vol- ume, but the books about Shakespeare and his works would fill all the Car- negie libraries between Hyannis, Mas- sachusetts., and Walla Walla, Wash. These treat every conceivable phase of the poet’s life and work viewed from every possible angle, from the Grecian structure of his plays to the rambles with Ann Hathaway on Sun- day afternoons along the shady field paths of Warwick. Homer has been dead some thousands of years. His nation is dead and the language in which he wrote is dead; but there meet daily in many class rooms thou- sands of boys and girls to discuss his qualities of style and to wonder what made Helen act so. A volume of criticism even greater in propor- tion to the apparent need washes hourly across the meadows of current literature. Mr. William Dean How- ells has written many books, but his critics have written five pages to his One. The newspapers are full of talk about Kipling, Barry, and Mr. Doo- ley; and if there is a dinner party anywhere in the land where novels,, plays and biographies are not dis- cussed the guests must be very stu- pid or very interesting, for they are very rare. Does all this flood of criticism serve any use? Does it fertilize the soil from which literature springs? Or, to change the figure, is it a mere para- sitic growth? A good deal of it does indeed represent a cheap parasitism, but proper criticism is nevertheless the very life of literature. Criticism is to literature what the cultivator, the pruning knife, and the spray pump are to the apple orchard. Apple trees will grow without care, but the wild pasture trees never bear fruit of any value. It is only when the trees are set in proper soil, in orderly rows, pruned, fertilized, and cleansed, and given continual expert care by the horticulturist that they bear full loads of perfect apples. No, a progressive literature with- out constant criticism is an impossi- bility. Most productive writers recog- nize this. They welcome intelligent criticism, even when it rests heavily on their own works. Some writers and all publishers industriously culti- vate criticism. In like manner the art of acting, painting, sculpture, and music enjoy the stimulus and direction of a well organized criticism. What would be the value of the annual picture salon without criticism? And the great music festivals are partly for present enjoyment, but partly too for the sake of future improvement. On every hand, in every art (except only landscape architecture) criticism is welcomed and the critic is recog- nized as filling a position of legiti- mate service. Not every critic is himself an artist. Probably the best dramatic critics are not actors, nor the best critics of pictures painters, but the field offers attractive employ- ment for high talents. I have recently organized and con- ducted a somewhat extensive corre- spondence with the landscape archi- tects of America. Naturally I have written most freely to my own ac- quaintances, but I have also written personal letters to many others. In this correspondence I have been as polite as my unhopeful expectations could teach me to be; and my direct questions have been as few and as mild as was consistent with getting any information at all. Some data and some valuable expressions of opinion have indeed been secured; but the big result of the whole investiga-r PARK AND CEMETERY. 166 tion is to show the very general and liearty suspicion in which all such in- quiries are held. Some landscape gardeners politely a.ys mention Park and Cemetery ’when writing to advertisers The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog WHITE GLAZED TERR/A -COTX A GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO., Limaville, Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) VIII PARK AND CEMETERY . the small price asked for the pamphlet, 25 cents, it should certainly be in the hands of all seeking experience in the cultivation of available beautiful flow- ers. The Illinois Outdoor Improvement Association will meet at Bloomington, 111., on November 18-19. Mr. A. P. Wyman, University of Illinois, is secre- tary, with offices at 17 E. Van Buren street, Chicago, and the University is warmly interested in the work. A great field is open to the association, which is undoubtedly known to the organiza- tion, yet it may be added that the aus- pices of the University of Illinois should very materially help to build it up into a power. To spread the gospel of out- door improvement in the country places is a discouraging work, and only by persistent and authoritative activity can any progress be made, hence this oppor- tunity to join in a great and useful work should build up a membership equal to its successful prosecution. City For- ester Frost of Chicago, E. J. Parker of Quincy, III, and Charles M. Brown, secretary of the Park and Driveway Association, Madison, Wis., all well known civic improvement workers, are on the program for addresses at the Bloomington meeting. Mr. Wm. Berg has been elected super- intendent of the cemetery association of Salina, Kas., and is already busy cleaning up Gypsum Hill cemetery. The National Horticultural Congress and Exposition will be held in Council Bluffs, la., November 15-20. A broad representation is expected to be present, and in the exposition department $35,- 000 is offered in prizes. Somerville, Mass., has been experi- menting on a broad scale in street con- struction and maintenance, and has given Tarvia an exhaustive trial. The experimentation has been carried on systematically since 1906 in the vicinity of Boston. Mr. Asa B. Prichard, street commissioner of Somerville, tried the material in 1906, and his success has led him to use it on old streets and as a binder on new macadam, with excellent results. The present season 200,000 square yards of macadam in Somerville have been treated with Tarvia B., and 50,000 square }'ards of new macadam have been built with Tarvia X. The results have been such that there is constant pressure from the citizens for the extension of the Tarvia treatment, FORESTER or TREE WARDEN {Continued f rom page 152) providing shade, and as an object of beauty. The term forester is a popular word in the public mind at this time, and is Made 3 inch, 3}4 inch, 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under I f U-qco OaL- Parlr 111 patents No. 680.432 and 734,854. For circulars and prices. Address Al. IlaaaC, V7alV 1 Cemeteries West of Rockies, Address, Pasadena, Calif. Trade TVlarlc — Red Tag Fi-uit and Oi-namental, Shmlbs, Roses, Bulbs and Send for Descriptive Priced Catalog FREE, 600 Acres. 13 Greenhouses. Established 1852. F=*HOEINi:x: INURSERY CO. Oept. X. Bloon^ington, 111. Park Superintendents now realize that only the strongest and light- est houses are worth putting up — that’s why we have been putting up houses for parks all over the country, and have more on the way. Look up the L & B construction before you decide on any house. It will save money all around. Send for Our Greenhouse Catalog. Lord and Burnham Company, Irvington, New York NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Heed Building The Rookery JUST ERECTED IN BELLE ISUND PARK, DETROIT PARK AND CEMETERY . IX just now a good word to conjure with. This would seem to be the real ex- planation of its use in the sense above referred to rather than through any logical association of ideas. We will all agree with your main proposition that every city and town should intelligently direct and control its tree planting work, but surely this officer should not be called a “Forester.” Would not the term “Tree Warden” be more appropriate? Ames, la. A. T. Erwin. STREET TREE LAWS {Continued from page 157) three members., especially selected for the purpose, to adopt a comprehen- sive plan for the tree planting im- provements of the entire city. As competent men are usually selected, what is done is well and permanently done; and the costly and unsatisfac- tory experiment of changing a four- row line of planting back to a double row plan long after the trees have become of size and thoroughly es- tablished, as is now the bone of con- tention at “The Hub,” is avoided. When will our rapidly growing American cities come to a realization of the opportunities lost from not pro- viding for an efficient method of deal- ing with all these important matters, affecting civic progress? :mOns0n -whitXkE'R-co. Commercial c/Landscape Foresters' 818 Tremont Bldg., Boston 1208 Monadnock Bldg., Chicago 1708 FUliron Bldg., New York Why Most Tree Repairing Fails Take the matter of cementing up the cavi- ties, for instance — it looks simple enough, and is seemingly only a matter of digging out the cavity and crowding it full of cement. Such a cavity so treated goes right on decay- ing just the same, straight into the heart of the tree. Moisture between the wood and cement being confined, only hastens the de- struction. The cement if not rightly edged off, will prevent tire growth of the bark and keep it from completely covering over the filling. Your tree is worse off than it was before. Then there is the vitalness of trimming a tree right. Most every one thinks he knows how to cut off a limb — simply cut it off, how else? When a physician removes a human limb he brings his skill to bear so the healing shall be rapid — perfect. Trees should be treated in the same careful way — that is if you care a rap about their health, their living. And so we might go on and name a dozen brutalities practiced on trees by the good in- tentioned but unknowing, not to mention the quack tree doctors. Our work is directed entirely by Forestry College graduates, and not by men who have “picked up their scant knowledge." We do know our business — can save your trees — do not run up exorbitant bills — do ad- vise our customers frankly. In short, you can depend on diepending upon us. If you want a concern of this kind to do your work, we will gladly come and make an inspection of your trees and advise their right treatment. To know us and our methods better, let us send you our booklet. “The Care of Trees." Perhaps you might like to know some of the people for whom we have done work. STONE GRAVE VAULTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERHOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone grave and lot markers cheap as clay markers Wiggins Mausoleum, Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Mich. Built by Harrison Granite Co. Mausoleums and High Grade Monuments To be assured of the greatest degree of permanence attainable and the minimum of expense for future care of mausoleums, their construction should be entrusted only to reliable con- tractors. We have had years of experience in executing orders of this kind and will direct prospective buyers to specimens of our workmanship in different parts of the country. To Cemetery Officials: Inasmuch as our output is of the highest class, you will find it of material benefit to your cemeteries to direct prospective buyers of memorials to the advantages we extend. HARRISON GRANITE CO. Main Office: 44 E. 23rd St., NEW YORK, N. Y. Granite Works, BARRE, VT. / Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Is the health and com- fort of your Cttl> zens worth con- sider- ing? Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion agrainst storm, wind or snn. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in leng'th and width and may be used for any size g^rave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The AUSTIN Motor Lawn Mower and Roller marks a new era in the care of Parks, Cem- eteries, Estates, etc., by its improved de- sign and powerful construction. It is durable and stands up to the hardest work. A fair trial and liberal guarantee are given L/cading Country Clubs are using them, such as: — Midlothian, Homewood, Ravisloe and Wheaton (all of Chicago) Houvenkopf (N.Y.) Potter ( Calif. ) Springfield (Mass.) Omaha (Nebr.), etc., etc. THE AUSTIN-WESTERN CO., Ltd., Dept. P. C. Fulton Bldg., New York Manhattan Bldg., Chicago Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. ^ , . . iSl.OOPer Year Vol. XIX. No. 10. DECEMBER. 1909 Hi IN THE BIG WADING POOL, HUMBOLDT PARK, BUFFALO. (See page 169.) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE W.&T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N.Y. Send for our landscape architect who WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN will furnish designs and show you Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, how, where, when and what to plant Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio YOU CAN HELP to make friends for Park and Cemetery by patronizing- its advertisers and by giving the paper credit for the intro- duction -when corresponding SPECITWEIN EVERGREENS LARGE ASSORTMENT. All lifting -with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity. ANDORRA NUR5ERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. For September PLANTING — — EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. SURPLUS BULBS TO CLOSE OUT CHEAP. Send for List. COLD STORAGE LILY VALLEY . . . Per 250, $3.50; per 1000, $13.00 FRESH TOBACCO STEMS . , . . . 300 lbs., $1 .75 ; Ton, $9.00 Cash with Order W. C. BECKERT, Northside, Pittsburg, Pa. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Sfecial attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stack. Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY L*eK Box 48. BANGOR. PENN The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND FOR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS GLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION. AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill This tandem roller has been espe- cially designed for rolling Turf, Paths, Parkways and Light Roadways and is espe- cially adapted for Park and Cemetery Work. There are today a great number of Park De- partments and many cemeteries using our rollers and at every point they have given the highest of satis- faction. Buffalo Pitts Double Direct Drive Tandem Roller We shall be pleased to send catalogue on request. Write to Buffalo Steam Roller Co. Buffalo, N.Y. Eastern Offices 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City Cemetery l^ecords Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParK (Et. Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO ROAD PRESERVATION and DUST PREVENTION A Standard Work on Modern Road Problems by William Pierson Gibson Descriptions of all the late methods of dust prevention, road preservation and road making. Details of processes in applying oils, emulsions, coal tar preparations, tar-spraying ma- chines, tarmacadam, rock asphalt, macadam and bitulithic pavement. Sixteen oil emul- sions, oils and coal tar preparations are described, and records of experiments with all modern road making and dust laying preparations given. Easily readable for non-tech- nical men. Invaluable to all who want reliable information on the pressing road problems of the day. PRICE $1.G0 POSTPAID. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO Buy the best — There is none just like it A Lowering Device is not only important in lowering a casket, but is essential in softening the appearance and beautifying the grave, in keeping with modern funeral furnishings. Forty sold to cemetery officials in city of Detroit, Mich.; 300 sold in Mich. The above photo shows Device and Lining over the grave. The Border* and Linings are fastened together, thereby covering the walls of the grave and the plank. When the casket is placed on the webbing and you are ready to lower the same, loosen the brake until the desired speed is obtained, and then step back. It lowers the Casket safely and noiselessly without anyone touching the Device. The casket can be raised as well as lowered. A child’s 3 feet 3 Inches, as well as an adult 6 feet 3 inches case or grave vault can be lowered. Our Patent Casket Guides are also shown. These keep the Casket from catching on the rough box and for directing the Casket squarely into the grave when on sloping ground. This Device is absolutely safe, easy to handle and elegantly finished. Also manufacturers of Little Giant Telescoping Device, The entire xveiffht of device 7S pounds. E.R.Butterworth, Seattle, Wash., Ex-President of the Washington Funeral Directors Association, sends the following: Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Seattle, Wash., Oct. 10, 1906. Gentlemen— I desire to say that I do not see where it would be possible to Improve on your Lowering Device. We are using three at this time (all your make) and out of three thousand Interments made where your device was used I have yet to have the first accident. Most respectfully, E. R. Butterworth & Son. John Reid, Detroit, Mich., Bupt. Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Oemeterles, has used Iho Device 3,500 times without an accident. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Detroit, Mich., Oct. 4, 1^. Gentlemen— In justice to the perfection and safety of the mechanism of your Casket Lowering Device as well as its neat appearance when in use, I wish to state that in the oemeterles under my charge we have nine of your Devices in use and used them at least iySOO times for lowering caskets of all sizes and weights without a single accident or mishap. John Reid, Superintendent Mt. Elliot and Mt. Olivet Cemeteries. Folding Device Works, Ovid, Mich. Eastern Offices BRANCH OFFICES Western Offices Clnclimatl Coffin Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio. John MarsellUBMfg. Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Cal. Casket Co., San Francisco, Cal, The O.K. Buckhout Chem. Co., London,Eng. Oregon Casket Co., Portland, Ore. Eokardt Casket Co. Toronto, Ont. Los Angeles Coffin Co., Los Angeles, Cal. IV PARK AND CEMETERY. A ready buyer awaits these trees Not the ordinary grade as commonly offered. Not fair specimens but the cream of large blocks selected when young and trans- planted with ample room for development, pruned, cultivated and well fertilized. Such trees not only transplant better but their shapeliness and vigor show the result of our special treat- ment. When you buy these specimens you get the best efforts of over half a century’s plant-growing experience. You will never take chances on. the ordinary grade if you see this stock list. Lindens: American, European and White Leaved Horse Chestnuts: Red and White Flo-wering Maples: Norway, Sugar and Sycamore Ash: White and Qreen Oriental Plane American Elm Every Plant Buyer should have a copy of our Fall Catalog of Hardy Ornamental Plants. Our stock and service are both well known among Park and Cemetery Superintendents. We grow good stock and aim to please our patrons. Ask for catalog. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher Box 5 Penna. MEMBER ofFRENCHandGERMAN SOCIETIES Of LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ADVICES, SKETCHES, DESIGNS. OR FULL WORKING PLANS FOR CEMETERIES. PARKS AND PUBLIC OR HOME GROUNDS. SURVEYS MADE IF REQUIRED Correspondence Solicited in English, French and German ALL WELL REGULATED CEMETERIES use GRAVE LININGS for decorating graves when conducting burial services. The Doddridge Linings are widely used. They are inexpensive and effective. A catalogue with full particulars sent on request. THE DODDRIDGE GRAVE DECORATING CO. MILTON. IND. STONE GRAVE VAILTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERnOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults— they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone grave and lot markers cheap as clay markers CEMETERY RECORDS Ask for specimen pages — Park and Cemetery, 1,000 CEMETERIES are usingour method for keeping their Records of Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descrip- tive Circulars sent on request. R. J. HIIGHT, Publisher, 3?4 Dsarborn 51., CHICAGO PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Vol. XIX. Chicago, December, 1909 No. 10 Pure Insecticide Bill A pure insecticide bill was introduced in both Senate and House of the last session of Congress, designed to control the purity of insecticides and fungicides, and on about the same lines as our pure food and drug laws. The bill was introduced at the instance of the Association of Economic Entomologists and is supported by the agricultural colleges, manufacturers of such chemicals, and, naturally, horticul- turists and farmers throughout the country. The use of in- secticides and fungicides has become, practically, so neces- sarily imperative throughout the country in successful horti- cultural and agricultural pursuits, and the purity of the chemicals used, so very important, that legislation sufficiently drastic to compel purity and punish adulteration should be welcomed by all in any way interested. It is a crying shame that the paris greens and arsenates of lead should be sub- jects for fraud as they so frequently have been, when often- times one spraying with adulterated, insecticides may mean the loss of a crop of apples or other fruits. All should help in this matter, for it is urgent; the bill has again been intro- duced in both Houses, and should only need a pronounced public opinion to make it law. Write at once to your Con- gressman urging his vote and help on H. R. 2218. Ng Vg A Chicago Park Problem A problem in park matters has arisen in Chicago pertain- ing to the control and management of the small parks and playgrounds. The mayor recently sent a special message to the council urging that the park boards be invited to assume the burden of maintaining the 48 small parks, 14 playgrounds and two bathing beaches, at present managed by the small park commission. The cost of these parks, etc., has, accord- ing to the mayor’s report on the city’s treasury, become bur- densome, and is increasing. Erom $11,500 in 1900, it has increased until the small park commission now asks $221,000 for the year, which of course means that the number of such grounds has largely increased ; and more are under considera- tion. The regular park boards, so far as heard from, claim shortness of funds for their own necessities. For the pres- ent the matter rests, the mayor having asked for authority from the council to appoint a special committee of five aider- men, to take up with the several boards the question of having the future control, management and e.xtension of the system undertaken by the park boards. The authority was granted and committee appointed. Vg Ng Cremation There is evidently an increasing interest being manifested in the subject of cremation, if we may judge by the inquiries regarding crematoriums which reach us. Every year wit- nesses the addition of one or more to the list of those al- ready established,- and when cemetery officials in the smaller cities begin to consider the question, it must be because of the developing idea among their lot-owners and patrons. The cremation method of disposing of our dead, so opposed as it is to the burial customs of Christian peoples for ages, will undoubtedly be of very slow growth, but it is neverthe- less growing; and it is quite probable that in a few years numbers of our cemeteries will be equipped with crematories as single buildings or attached to their chapels as in some of the large cemeteries. Good Roads and Waterways It is well said that good roads and waterways should go together, and the states should make a far better record than they have in furnishing their citizens with decent roads, so that the waterways, in which it is expected that the gov- ernment will provide the ‘‘backbone,’’ may fulfill their best purpose. This will be emphasized at the Topeka, Kan., con- vention of the National Good Roads Association about to convene. One of the great difficulties in pushing such proj- ects as a comprehensive system is the “inertia” of the farm- ers. It is absolutely discouraging to contemplate the amount of effort and work necessary to educate the ordinary agri- culturist to a knowledge of the economy of good roads ; and it is to be urged upon our agricultural colleges that they should make special pleadings in their curriculum to uplift the growing generation to this plane. A good roads congress is to be held in Chicago next summer, and the really good cause will be again set forth. Ng N? Boston Common It is a matter of general interest, not only to New Eng- landers, but to the country at large, that a share of the proceeds of the Parkman bequest of $5,000,000 to the city of Boston, will be used to improve historic Boston Common, which has been more or less neglected. But the following quotation from an editorial in the “Springfield, Mass., Union” is very suggestive and should be educative : “Quite as im- portant to the people of Boston as any question of improving the Common is the general policy that shall be adopted in the expenditure of the large income from the Parkman fund. The desire that this income should be applied where the results can be seen, and not used to swell the amount avail- able for political patronage and which is employed to meet current expenses, disappearing in the invisible ways which consume so much money in a big city, shoulcl be respected.” Unfortunately, perhaps, the disposal of the income from the ftind rests with the board of aldermen. But the point is well taken, and it is to be hoped that Boston will not be loaded up with any more graft. A Striking Case of Neglect and Graft “Human nature is human nature,” which in its weaknesses shows quite an average throughout the race, and nothing has done more to develop a certain phase of moral turpitude than the keen competition in American life and the common zest for the almighty dollar. So it is that even among ceme- tery officials there crops up an occasional example of that beautiful parasite -named “graft,” to call certain dishonest practices by no harsher term. It frequently happens, how- ever, that failure in duty on the part of others contributes largely to financial delinquencies, and had the proper authori- ties of Forest Cemetery, Toledo, O., provided for and insisted upon regular audits of the cemetery books and receipts, such a shortage as $12,711.12 in the accounts of a former superin- tendent should have been impossible. And the shortage had run without check through a period of eight years. Finally a thorough overhauling by the state examiners fixed the shortage at the above amount, and restitution was made by the accused which legally obviated further proceedings. But the public expose of so long a period of irregularities which covered lot sales, interments, foundations, lot care, etc., etc., ought to point lessons enough to all concerned on the necessity of protecting all interests against the apparently overwhelming temptation of graft. 169 PARK AND CEMETERY. PARK AND FORESTRY WORK IN BUFFALO The fortieth annual report of the park commissioners of Buffalo is a handsome- ly illustrated, well-printed and complete account of the park work in that city for the fiscal year 1909, including the first six months’ administration of the new superintendent, David A. Seymour. The important work includes the build- ing of a lake in Cazenovia Park, and a carefully planned campaign for the trees by City Forester Harry B. Filer, who tells of this work in his second annual report. The establishment of this, department was due chiefly to the earn- est efforts made for several years by Dr. M. D. Mann and his associates in the Society for Beautifying Buffalo. It has demonstrated beyond question its worth to the city, and has won the commendation of scores of citizens. Superiiltendent Seymour reports that the most discouraging feature at the be- ginning of the year was the very bad condition of the seventeen miles of macadam' roads in the entire park sys- tem. An open winter, necessitating much wheel traffic, followed by a prolonged cold, wet spring interspersed with nu- merous severe frosts did a great amount of damage to these roads and left them in an unusually bad condition. South Park Boulevard, by way of illus- tration, was in such shape as rendered it almost impassable. Work of repairing the roads was begun as soon as the weather permitted, and about the middle of May all this work, including the oil- ing and rolling of the roads, was com- pleted. Cazenovia Park is one of the city’s more recent acquisitions and comprises 106 acres. For some years past the Park Commissioners have carried out details originally laid down for the ultimate development of this section of the city’s pleasure grounds and this year under- took one of the greatest improvements contemplated for this park section. In one sense it was not a matter of choice, but rather a case of necessity. For some years past the channel of Cazenovia Creek, lying to the west of the islands embraced in the park, has been filling up gradually by flood deposits until it became practically closed except for a narrow strip which remained open in times of low water ; in other words, the natural lake formed by this channel had disappeared. 'It was readily apparent, therefore, that this channel required a thorough clean- ing out if the original aquatic facilities so much wanted by all frequenters of this Park were to be restored. The board therefore called for bids for re- moving the earth deposits in the channel and using them for the construction of dikes to form retaining walls for an artificial lake and also for the elevating of the surface of the two islands. Bids were received on June 8th and a con- tract was awarded requiring the comple.-. MAKING THE BED OF THE LAKE, CAZENOVIA PARK, BUFFALO. PARK AND CEMETERY . tion of this work in 120 working days. Owing to the dry weather which has prevailed since the signing of the con- tract great progress has been made in its execution, the soil that is being re- moved being such as to render its hand- ling almost impossible in wet weather. original propagating houses were par- tially rebuilt, some additions made to the botanical planting, and a rose gar- den established near the conservatory. The nurseries continue to furnish a good supply of heavy stock for use in other parts of the system as well as in South 170 June with twelve power sprayers. Since the capacity of each machine is about 100 trees per day it soon became appar- ent that they could not cover the large territory with this ecjuipmeht. It there- fore became necessary to run these ma- chines from daylight until dark, or two SECTION OF THE LAKE, CAZENOVIA PARK, BUFFALO. When this artificial lake is finished it will be a medium for healthy open air recreation for residents of that section of the city practically all the year round. In Summer there will be boating facili- ties and in winter there will be ample room for skating. The bandstand in Humboldt Park has been moved into the grove according to the plans of Olmsted Brothers, and the change is a decided improvement. A new greenhouse with a dome was erect- ed in this park, and not only adds greatly to the attractiveness of the structures, but increases their capacity. Humboldt Park covers 54 acres of comparatively level area and is valued chiefly for its service to the children. The big wading pond, with a surface area of five acres and a maximum depth of feet, is the show feature of this park. As many as 5,000 children have enjoyed it in one afternoon, a.nd in winter it fur- nishes safe and ample skating accom- modations in connection with a well- equipped shelter house. John F. Cowell, director of the Bo- tanic Garden and Superintendent of South Park, reports that two of the Park. Several acres of new ground have been prepared and filled with young stock, the greater part of which has been propagated here. City Forester Filer tells of the active steps taken during the year to extermi- nate the tussock moth, which in the past has wrought such havoc. In combating these pests both preven- tive and remedial measures were taken. Throughout the summer men were em- ployed to collect and destroy all cocoons and egg masses, which harbor the next season’s supply of caterpillars. Cocoons were collected and destroyed from all trees on 216 streets. Fences, lamp-posts, water plugs, house copings and veranda rails were gone over, as well as the trees ; and property owners everywhere were advised to remove all egg-masses from their back yard plantations. This line of work was supplemented by offering the children ten cents a quart for all cocoons brought to certain des- ignated points. The response to this offer was astounding. Over 60,000 quarts were paid for and destroyed as a result of the children’s labor. Spraying was commenced early in shifts of seven hours each. This was continued throughout the month of June. The forester was surprised to find that at least 75% of the street trees have never been pruned and that nearly all these which have been purned are in a bad way, because the work was improp- erly done. Several gangs of men were kept busy pruning trees from August 1st to June 1st. It was the aim of this department to do some work in every section of the city and 9,025 trees were treated. In the fall 675 young trees, three inches in. diameter, were planted in spe- cially prepared soil and provided with stakes and wire guards. Only eight of them died. The forester recommends that 5,000 trees a year be planted. A new stable was erected in Dela- were Park in a well-screened spot, and Curator F. A. Crandall, of the Zoologi- cal Collection in that park, reports sev- eral accessions during the year. The receipts for the year were $304,457 and the expenditures $280,434. Horace A. Noble is president of the • Board, and George H. Selkirk, secre- tary-treasurer. 171 PARK AND CEMETERY . NEW BRIDGES AND PARK PLANS IN INDIANAPOLIS The most important work recorded in the fourteenth annual report of the Indianapolis Park Board is the taking of steps for a broader and more com- prehensive system, and the completion of some extensive bridge building. At the beginning of the year the park department was without an executive head. The Board felt that the work of the department had reached a crisis. The situation was such that the city should determine whether it would be content to make progress as slowly as had been the case in the last few years or would attempt to do some really notable work than had been attempted before. With the feeling that the Indianapolis public would support the Board in its plans to make a better park system than the city had ever known, the Board appointed Mr. George E. Kessler of Kansas City as its landscape architect, and gave into his hands the constructive work of the department, leaving to the local organ- ization the carrying out of the simpler work of park administration and main- tenance, under Mr. Kessler’s general di- rection and supervision. Mr. Kessler was appointed February 1, 1908, and while the work done has been largely a work of preparation for larger things to come, the results have been encouraging in park building along broader lines in the highest degree. The elaboration of a larger plan for Indianapolis has, however, brought out the shortcomings of the methods by which the Board is permitted to transact its business under its existing law, and has shown the im- perative necessity for a new law to give the Board of Park Commissioners power to carry on park improvements consist- ent with the needs of Indianapolis, and the power to assess the cost of such, work in. a, different way than has here- tofore been possible, so that the whole cit\' may contribue to the cost of the work in proportion to the benefit its sev- eral sections receive. It is this necessity for new machinery and new power that has led the Board to the preparation of the park bill which the State Legislature has been asked to enact. In a review of the year's work atten- tion is particularly directed to the new bridges which were completed in four parks, three of them at the expense of the department itself and one b}^ Marlon County. Tbe building of these bridges was not only important of itself, but by reason of the fact that better structures made necessary works of improvement to carry out plans suggested by the lo- cation and construction of the bridges. The bridges finished during the year were : In Brookside Park, built at a total cost of $6,708.10; in Garfield Park, which cost $9,170.85, and that in Spades Park, which cost $2,726.67. The bridges in Brookside and Garfield Parks are for both horse and foot travel ; that in Spades is a foot-bridge. All three are of reinforced concrete construction, and in each case the bridge filled a real want, as it replaced a bridge that had become insufficient for the needs of the park and the community in which it was sit- uated. The fourth bridge is the new one across White River at Thirtieth street in Riverside Park, which the Marion County Commissioners completed at a total cost of $180,000. This bridge not only took the place of an old structure which the city had long ago outgrown, but it has. given the city one of the hand- somest bridges in the country, which must, if the work in Riverside is prop- erly done, constitute the center of a very important park development. The new bridge in Riverside Park does not cross the river directly in line with Thirtieth street, but leaves that line to cross the river at right atigles to the direction of the stream, and this has made possible the working out of a system of ap- proaches on both banks that will, it is NEW STO'NE FACED CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE OVER WHITE RIVER IN RIVERSIDE PARK. SHOWING NEED OF DEVELOPMENT IN ITS VICINITY. PARK AND CEMETERY. 172 NEW REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOT BRIDGE OVER POGUES RUN IN SPADES PLACE, INDIANAPOLIS. believed, add greatly to the beauty of that section. The work has in contem- plation the building of approaches on the east side both from Twenty-ninth and from Thirtieth streets, as well as from the Riverside Drive. On the west side the approaches will be made to tie naturally into the park driveways as well as into Thirtieth street, which must it- self become essentially a park roadwaj' in that locality, although always open to general traffic. ’ The construction of the bridge was of such a character that it had to be raised some distance above the old grades, and this will necessitate a rather extensive filling and shaping of the approaches on both banks, in order to bring the ground grades up naturally and smoothly to the bridge grade. It is the hope of the department that by the close of the year 1909, this work will be almost, if not quite, completed. The most serious work in Riverside NEW REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE OVER . POGUES RUN, BROOKSIDE PARK, INDIANAPOLIS. 173 PARK AND CEMETERY . Park during the year was the repair of the dam, which was made necessary by the development of a bad washout under the structure. A part of the apron on the dam which had washed out had been replaced under contract during the pre- ceding *park administration. During the rainy season and the high water of last spring, however, it developed that not only had this new apron construction been absolutely dissipated, but as a re- ike the park development about the bridge conform to its larger lines. Under the direction of Mr. Kessler this work was undertaken, and it had progressed far enough at the end of the season’s work to show that when completed, with some other work that it made necessary in reshaping the banks of the stream, it would completely transform the appear- ance of a large part of >©rookside Park. In place of the narrow winding road- part of the park was softened and made more attractive. Perhaps the most interesting work un- dertaken during the year was the build- ing of a boulevard along the north bank of Fall Creek between Northwestern avenue and Capitol avenue. The special appropriation made for this purpose was $45,000. This special appropriation made possible the beginning of parkway work in the City of Indianapolis in an FOOT APPROACHES TO NEW BRIDGE OVER WHITE RIVER. RIVERSIDE PARK. INDIANAPOLIS. SHOWING NEED OP IMPROVEMENT ABOUT THEM. suit of this, an immense hole had been dug by the water under the main struc- ture of the dam, just northeast of the center. This washout was of such a kind that it was inadvisable to make the necessary repairs e.xcept under a force account contract. It was completed at a total cost of $11,988.16. Perhaps the most important construc- tion work undertaken during the year, aside from the new parkway, was a work started in Brookside Park. The new bridge to which reference has been made spans Pogue’s Run just south of a turn in the stream near the northwest corner of the park. This bridge replaced an old rustic wooden structure to which approach was made on the east side by a narrow roadway which twisted around a high bluff before it reached the bank of the stream. When the new bridge was completed it was seen that it would be necessary to build a new approach to this bridge on both sides in order to way that approached the old bridge, there has been cut a wide, straight ap- proach with easy -slopes on either side, and the large amount of dirt in the old bluff through which the new road was cut was carried to the west bank of the stream to build new approaches .on that side. A work somewhat similar in its gen- eral purpose to that begun in Brookside Park was done in Garfield Park as the result of the building of the new bridge across Pleasant Run. The lines of the new bridge were such that to make the park immediately adjacent conform to it and to work the whole Ra\^mond street front of the park into the bridge and bridge approach scheme, it was nec- essary to change the lines of the road- way .approaches and to alter the banks of Pleasant Run for quite a distance on either side of the bridge. A great deal of filling was done to make this possible and the whole effect of that entirely new way. East from North- western avenue, the natural advantages of the ground and the small cost at which it could be obtained, supplemented by the fact that it was very easily ap- parent how the line of the improvement should run in order to fit into future development on both sides, made this the most obvious point at which to begin the scheme of the larger development of Fall Creek parkways. In working out his plans for this con- struction, Mr. Kessler did not run the lines of the driveway along the mean- derings of the stream, but started the drive in straight lines, with broad, easy curves, and so laid down as to permit of a wide parkway space between the driveway and the stream. It is reported that planting was done with a better appreciation of the needs of the department than had ever been shown bfore. More than six hundred trees, two thousand six hundred shrubs PARK AND CEMETERY. 174 CIVIC BEAUTY in PUBLIC GROUNDS Read before the National Farm Land Congress at Chicago, Novem- ber 18,- 1909, by E. F. A. Reinisch, Supt. of Parks, Topeka, Kan and four hundred vines were planted. These cost the department only about $750. Ground has already been partially pre- pared in Riverside Park with the intention of beginning a nursery which, with careful attention and intelligent di- rection, will in a few years furnish the most of the trees and shrubs which will be needed for park work. An important improvement in Riv- erside Park during the year was the building of the Athletic Shelter House at a total cost of $2,731.25. The increase in the number of those who were play- irtg golf on the north links in Riverside made imperative the furnishing of bet- ter methods of caring for their comfort. Henry Jameson is president of the Board and Leroy Snyder secretary. Landscape Architect Kessler presents an interesting report to the Board out- lining future plans in a broad and com- prehensive manner. We quote as follows from his report : “Our first year has been devoted largely to a very carefuj study of the needs of In- dianapolis and an attempt to lay down lines for future improvement which would be the most natural solution of your future problems, along lines determined and in fact imposed by the physical features of the city. I believe that the plan which has been prepared during the year, as far as it has been matured, is such a logical solution of the park needs of your city that succeed- ing boards will not only find it a most practical method of procedure, but would not venture to depart greatly from the lines laid down. “This plan is largely determined by the physical features of the city and takes the lines, for the most part, of parkways bor- dering the various streams which intersect the city. Let me explain at the outset that parkways of this nature do not pri- marily form merely driveways from one portion of the city to another, although their continuity for this purpose is impor- tant, but, at variance with the popular idea of the boulevard, they do form a chain of parks or a continuous park which is by its nature brought to the doors of all sections of the community. By obtaining here and there open spaces of considerable extent in addition to the space required for roadways and walks, you will provide a continuous series of small parks and playgrounds which will become very valuable and pleasureable to the neighborhoods in their immediate vicinity. Where such parkways, as they will in yours follow the lines of picturesque streams, an additional interest is presented, both in preserving the picturesque nature of the scenery and in the use of the streams for boating and bathing purposes. A no less important end is served in planning the bordering driveways in all cases so that they form levees protecting the low-lying land in places from intermittent overflow and thus become of great practical value in this regard. It will also be necessary, both from the standpoint of park beauty and that of public protection, that careful attention be given to the matter of sanita- tion, and that in all of these improvements every effort be made to keep the streams perfectly sanitary. The following out of this system will greatly enhance the beauty of your city, which is already known as a city of beautiful homes.” We are just merely beginning to un- derstand the- mission of the landscape gardener, the importance of his work and the value of the park as a means of instructing and familiarizing the pub- lic with the possibilities and the beau- ties of the art of landscape development, and educating the people to appreciate the beneficial influence of the- beautiful outdoors on the moral as well as the physical conditions of society. It is an undisputed fact that the taste and de- sire for ornamental gardening has kept pace with the progress of civilization in other lines. We have learned to real- lize that beside the esthetic, our parks have a great economic value in as much as they raise the standard of health, hap- piness and contentment of the people, es- pecially in large centers - of population. Appreciating this fact many cities of this country have reserved and acquired considerable land for park purposes ; have improved, and are maintaining the same in the best possible condition. First in this movement were the cities along the Atlantic coast, but by and by the idea moved west and we have magnifi- cent parks and boulevard systems in the middle west : Chicago, Kansas City and Colorado Springs, Denver and many other cities have made wonderful prog- ress in this direction in the last decade or two. Some cities have great foresight in ac- quiring park land when it is yet plen- tiful and before the price becomes pro- hibitive ; as an example I would mention a city of our sister state, Oklahoma. On a site that was but a few years ago considered a hopeless waste, stands now a city of 50,000 inhabitants, with a num- ber of eight, ten and twelve-story build- ings in its business center. It has ac- quired 500 acres for a 30-mile boulevard encircling the ciO, and 1,700 acres for parks, located in different parts of the city and ranging in size up to 600 acres. They are now in progress of develop- ment, according to definite plans. Railroad station parks offer a great field for the landscape gardener of the future. In the past little more has been done in ornamentation . of station grounds than planting of tender green- house material, so called bedding plants, which are generally grouped into more or less appropriate designs, carpet ef- fects, names and trade marks. This is not. landscape gardening in its proper sense, but rather work of the florist and designer. It is also quite expensive and transient, as the beds have to be renewed every year, and at best only last a few months in this latitude, leaving the ground bare and unsightly from the lime of the first frost in fall till the warm weather in May. The landscape gardener uses hardy material such as trees, shrubs and hardy herbaceous plants. This material is cheaper and the plantings perennial. It gives a more nat- ural effect and is attractive the year around. What could be more pleasing than a generous expanse of green turf with a background of varying forms of masses of shrubs with the everchanging tints of foliage and succession of flow- ers? In winter the different colors of bark ranging through all the tints of white and gray to almost black ; yellow and crimson to brown, contrasted with the heavy green of the' interspersed evergreens. Besides the ornamental, the emergency and economic plantings play an impor- tant part in railroad gardening, such as screens for shutting out unsightly fea- tures which are beyond the control of the railroad management. Hedges along the property lines, snow hedges to pro- tect cuts from filling up with snow and lastly timber plantings for posts, cross- ties and telegraph poles. The Santa Fe, with which I am con- nected in a consulting capacity, has car- ried out the simple plan of using hardy plants for the embellishment of- Station Grounds and has improved most of the larger stations in this manner. Several are more than one acre in extent. This area of well kept rich green turf fringed by a background of masses of shrubs wijh a varying skyline, is a picture long remembered and much appreciated by the weary traveler. Besides the Santa Fe, the Union Pa- cific maintains well planted station parks and at present is branching out into timber culture in planting extensive tracts of land with catalpa for cross ties, etc. Other large roads are planning systematic improvement of their stations in the same manner. The beautifying of institution grounds is of no less importance and the effect on their inmates can only be of lasting benefit. The schools and institutions of learn- ing, with a few exceptions, lack in beauty of surroundings and facilities for play and recreation. They have not re- ceived the care and attention which their importance and their very nature de- mands. It seems the equipment of classrooms and laboratories overshadows 175 everything but the two great national games. Our schools need apparatuses for outdoor pla}- and exercise which might be embraced by the general name of playground features. The proper planting of trees, shrubs, vines and hardy perennials for the adornment of the home grounds extends the habitation beyond the mere walls of the house, and makes for the inhabitants a beautiful, large and grand living room outdoors, and a pleasant sight for the passerby. It is within the reach of every farmer to have a beautiful green lawn with a fringe of shrubs and a few trees to give shade and coolness during the hot summer days. He can also have a PARK AND CEMETERY summer house, pergola, tables and benches ; however rudely built, they are of great comfort, and their enjoyment much more than pays for the little cost and trouble of building them. Better situated owners of more land can have a lake for lillies and water fowl, an inclosure for deer, pheasants, etc. All these things add to the comfort and beauty of the home, and have a ten- dency to forestall the discontent with farm life of the growing sons and daughters of the Twentieth Century farmer. Give the home and its sur- roundings a touch of beauty and refine- ment, set apart a little portion, of land for play and recreation, and you will AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION The fifth annual convention of the American Civic Association was held November 15 and 16 at the Hotel Sin- ton, Cincinnati, O., in conjunction with the meeting of the National Municipal League. President J. Horace McFar- land delivered his annual address on “The Intimate Side of Conservation.” It will be printed in an early issue of Park and Cemetery. * On Tuesday the sessions were de- voted to the subject of “City Plan- ning.” The proceedings were opened by John Nolen of Cambridge, Mass., with a pa- per on “City Planning and the Civic Spirit.” The subject was illustrated with stereopticon views. Mr. Nolen said in part : “The influence of comprehensive city planning upon the civic spirit is very direct and profound. In fact, it is the main end of reforrh, the tangible result of all our ef- forts. Often in a rather empty fashion we carry on a municipal campaign for ‘good government.' “Therefore, if we would aw^aken love of our city we must make our city lovely and lovable. But this better city must first take shape in the mind and heart. Corot, the great French landscape painter, was in . the habit of wandering ip the fields in the early morning and then withdrawing to his studio. “I dream of the morning landscape I have seen,’ he writes, ‘I dream my pic- ture, and presently I shall paint my dream.’ So L’ Enfant first dreamed of a plan for Washington, the business men of Cleveland of a different Cleveland, the Commercial Club of Chicago of a new Chicago, the peo- ple of Boston of a better Boston. So the conception of a made-over Madison first broke upon a single, strong, clear-sighted leader, the rousing of the entire popula- tion in La Crosse originated in the fore- sight of a handful of public-spirited men, and the vision of an awakened Harrisburg first appeared as a vision to a few conse- crated men and women ; for women, let it be said, are quicker to see defects than men and less patient with them.” Geo. E. Kessler, of Kansas City, Mo., who prepared the plan for the Cincin- nati greater park system, gave an inter- esting description of the scheme for the beautification of the city. The second city planning session was held in the afternoon, with W. W. Hannan, presi- dent of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges, presiding. A paper prepared by Wm. E. Harmon, of New York, was read by Secretary Watrous. It treated of “The Influence of Play- grounds and Small Parks on Suburban Development.” Another illustrated pa- per was that of Harold A. Carpan, of New York, on “Water Fronts; Their Possibilities of Use and Beauty.” In a detailed and elaborate manner he showed what can be done for the aesthetic im- provement of such fronts. He said in part ; “This audience will naturally look more at the artistic side o( the water front; but if your water front is to be a work of art it is not enough for it to be merely beauti- ful. It is not enough for your architect to design a handsome facade for the docks or for a succession of them a mile long, or for a superb quay or embankment of ma- sonry. Your water front and what is be- . hind it, to be a work of art, must be also practical to the highest degree. Its feeding streets and railways, its avenues of in- gress and egress, and an the complex ma- chinery for handling men and merchandise must be organized, so that the stream of commerce may flow, increased by every one of its thousand tributaries, interrupted by none of them. Then will your fine and dig- nified facade, your noble scheme of archi- tecture and water rising from the water curbing and, utilizing it, be a true expres- sion of the ordered energy of the life that pulses behind it. Your water front, in fact, can only be completely beautiful in pro- portion as it is completely useful.” A valuable contribution to the ad- dresses of the day before the Civic As- sociation was that of Secretary Richard B. Watrous, who discussed at length “The Influence of Commercial Organiza- tions in Furthering the Adoption of City Plans.” At the evening joint session former Secretary of War Bonaparte presided. He first presented Congressman William S. Bennett, of New York. Mr. Ben- have destroyed the monotony of farm life, and the city will have far less at- tractions to the young folks. Instead your place will attract your city friends and a visit to it will be a great privilege to them. I would also suggest rural parks, owned and maintained by the county or township, provided with shelters, neces- sities and conveniences, for holding pic- nics, and other meetings, and gatherings for play and recreation. These parks and good roads will go far toward ele- vating the standard of environments of the farmer and will make country life more desirable, more comfortable and more beautiful. AT CINCINNATI nett talked on the “Effect of the Immi- grant on Municipal Politics.” Former President Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard University, was given a most enthusias- tic welcome. Dr. Eliot discussed the subject of conservation in its broadest sense. James R. Garfield, member of the last Roosevelt cabinet, talked about “The Conservation of Public Lands,” a sub- ject with which he has had an intimate experience. At the next morning’s meeting the following officers were elected : J. Hor- ace McFarland, president, Harrisburg, Pa.; Clinton Rogers Woodruff, first vice president, Philadelphia, Pa. ; William B. Howland, treasurer. New York City; Richard B. Watrous, secretary, Harris- burg, Pa. Vice Presidents — Hon. James R. Gar- field, Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. John Wes- ley Hill, New York City; W. W. Han- nan, Detroit, Mich.; George W. Mars- ton, San Diego, Cal.; Mrs. Edward W. Biddle, Carlisle, Pa. Executive Committee — Dr. John Quincy Adams, New York City; Henry A. Barker, Providence, R. L; Miss Mary Marshall Butler, Yonkers, N. Y. ; Ken- yon L. Butterfield, Amherst, Mass.; Mrs. Caroline B. Crane, Kalamazoo, Mich. ; George Otis Draper, Hopedale, Mass.; Frederick L. Ford, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. Melville F. Johnston, Rich- mond, Ind. ; Harlan P. Kelsey, Salem, Mass.; Warren H. Manning, Boston, Mass.; Mrs. A. E. McCrea, Chicago, Ilk; Mrs. Edwin F. Moulton, Warren, Ohio; Graham Romeyn Taylor, Chi- cago, 111.; John Nolen, Cambridge, Mass.; Frank Chapin Bray, New York City; Brainerd H. Warner, Washington, D. C. ; J. L. Hudson, Detroit, Mich. ; George F. Mason, New York City. PARK AND CEMETERY 176 The sessions of the American Civic Association were of unusual interest. John W. Peck, of Cincinnati, recent Democratic candidate for mayor, offered some suggestions on the billboard nuis- ance that were received with favor, and Harlan P. Kelsey, of Salem, Mass., of- fered a paper on the “Survey of Edi- torial Sentiment Against the Billboard.” The second conference on nuisances was in the afternoon, when noises and smoke were taken up. A splendid ar- ticle on “Our Barbarous Fourth” was contributed by Mrs. Isaac L. Rice, of New York Society of the Suppression of Unnecessary Noises. Most notable among the addresses of- fered at the convention on the subject of “Smoke Nuisance from an Economic Aspect,” was that of Herbert M. Wil- son, chief engineer of the United States Geological Survey. Other papers on the subject that covered the ground as- signed admirably were those of R. C. Harris, of Toronto, Canada, on “Smoke Abatement in America,” and “Smoke Abatement in Cincinnati,” by Matthew Nelson. Mr. Wilson summed up the annual toll levied by smoke damage and waste in the United States, saying that a conserv- ative estimate would be $500,000,000 in the large cities alone. As a climax of the busy sessions was a notable banquet at the Sinton in the evening. It was attended by 300 guests, nearly one-half of whom were ladies. A majority of those present were Cincin- natians, leaders in various reform move- ments, who wished to show their regard for the eminent men and women who attended the sessions. Following were the toasts responded to : “The National Municipal League” — Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte. “The Vulgarity of Waste" — J. Horace McFarland. “Future Demands and Supplies of the .\merican People” — Dr. Charles W. Eliot. “Woman and Municipal Betterment” — Mrs. Philip N. Moore. “Progress in City Government” — Horace E. Deming. Most of the time of the next day was given over to the discussion of beauty and taste in daily life. Mrs. M. F. Johnston, of Richmond, Ind., presided, and presented an interesting paper in the form of a story on “Art Exhibits for the People.” Miss Annette E. Mc- Crea told what had been done to beau- tify railroad stations on various sys- tems running out of Chicago. One of the most interesting papers for women read during the convention was that of John Quincy Adams, Assistant Secre- tary of the New York Art Commission, who spoke on household decoration. Mrs. Everett W. Patterson, chairman of the art committee of the General P'ederation of Women’s Clubs, entertain- ingly related what had been done in “Practical Art Work in Women’s Clubs.” Miss Delia Mechlin, of Wash- ington, D. C., had a delightful paper on the American Federation of Art, and W. W’. Taylor, president of the Rook- wood Pottery, of Cincinnati, gave an ac- count of the work that had been done in the way of municipal art in Cincinnati. An entirely new field was covered in the splendid essay of John Nolen, of Cam- bridge, Mass., who took as his topic : “The Beauty of Nature as a State Re- source.” He showed that such beauty should be conserved by the state, as well as that of the city, by the municipal government. Just before concluding the Civic Convention the following resolu- tions were unanimously adopted : “Recognizing the wisdom of the Congress in setting aside for public use the great national parks, and believing that any avoid- able interference with the scenic integrity of these parks is in the highest degree un- desirable, the American Civic Association, in convention assembled, urges the Secre- tary of the Interior to revoke the permit, and the Congress to refuse to confirm such permit, under which the city of San Fran- cisco is assumi-ng to control eventually, for a domestic water supply, more than 500 square miles of the best of the Yosemite National Park, unless, after a full and im- partial inquiry, it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the Congress that no other sufficient source of water supply is avail- able to San Francisco. “We further respectfully represent that the granting and confirmation of such a permit to invade the public domain would create a most dangerous precedent, under which other scenic possessions of the United States would be unsafe from individual or corporate assault. “We reiterate our demand upon Congress for the establishment of national forest re- serves in the Northern and Southern Ap- palachian regions, believing that this is a national issue, beyond the effective juris- diction on any state or group of states, and vital to the welfare or almost the entire eastern half of the United States, and that every year’s delay in their establishment adds mightily to the penalty of indifference that the nation must pay. The usual resolutions of thanks were also passed, and the meeting closed with an interesting round-table discussion of various subjects. ILLINOIS OUT-DO.OR IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION The Illinois Outdoor Improvement Association held its first meeting at Bloomington, November 18 and 19. Some excellent addresses and practical suggestions for furthering the work of outdoor improvement were presented by leading citizens, landscape gardeners and horticulturists. President Edmund J. James, of the University of Illinois, presided, and in his opening address spoke in part as follows : "The fine building for the supreme court at Springfield marks the progress of the people of the state of Illinois as a whole in the architecture of its public buildings, and expresses their desire and approval in a very marked way. “We find in the development of civic life of late the tendency and determination to put into every city a system of parks. M^e no longer talk about a single park, but a park system, and nearly every city of 7,000 population in the state is talking about put- ting in a park system. “It is coming to be recognized that the city with the finest possibilities for out- door improvement of any city in America is Washington, D. C., not because of any unusual opportunities, but because they were wise enough to get a Frenchman to lay out the city before a spade was stuck in the ground. It is a course' modified arid improved as the years go on, but on the plan laid out in the first instance. “American cities are beginning to give attention to plans, as they never did be- fore. It will be a long time before we come up to the European cities in point of beauty. Our real problem today is how to arouse public interest in the sub- ject and get Intelligent men and women deeply interested so that they would never think of erecting houses without consider- ing the element of beauty. It is this European development of the instinct for beauty that exacts $150,000,000 from Ameri- cans each year to go and see what they have done. In a round table discussion that fol- lowed, brief talks were given by J. C. Blair and H. F. Major of the State Universitt', Mrs. J. C. Bly, of Chicago, and President David Felmley of the Normal University. Mrs. Bly thought that it was significant that a bill had passed the legislature creating an art commission to. pass upon the architec- ture of every public building. She sug- gested a tree commission and deprecat- ed the very common planting oL soft maples, Carolina poplars and other poor or shoi't-lived trees. She favored hav- ing a city forester or board of two or three men of good judgment in every village or town, to have supervision of the planting of the streets. Jens Jensen, landscape architect and former superintendent of the West Chi- cago parks, presented a thoughtful pa- per on beautifying the banks of the pro- posed lakes-ito-gulf waterway. W. N. Rudd, of Mount Greenwood Cemetery, Chicago, made some of the 177 PARK AND CEMETERY. most practical suggestions of the ses- sion. A summary of his remarks fol- lows : Improvement of the average small lot has nothing to do with trees; there is no room for them, and we should talk shrubs instead to the owner. Trees belong to the streets. Fine looking trees are bought at the nursery without thought of where they will be set or that they will grow so much larger, with the result that they are usu- ally set six or eight feet apart in squares. Fortunately the greater number of them die; if they should live the result w’ould be very sad. When he finally sees his yard full of these trees, the owner trims them up twenty feet high, till they look like the telephone poles in front of the house. We have got to teach people where trees be- long, and it is certainly not in a small door- yard. If they can’t have room to develop to full size and beauty, don’t plant them. The geranium bed in the middle of a small lawn is an atrocity, not that a geranium isn’t a fine thing, but that isn’t the place for it. We don’t need to lay any great plans for this work; it scares the average fel- low out. Just tell him to get a few hardy shrubs up against the foundation, and a few more over in the corner; to keep the centers free, and to put the flowers over against the shrubs. Just teach him a half dozen of these little things; you don’t have to make a landscape gardener of him. The average man doesn’t like to be taught too much ; to be preached to. Tell him to do something he likes to do, not to get the “finer varieties,’’ but the good old common things that grow lots of branches and green leaves. The beauti- ful wild things that grow in the corner are just as good. What could be finer in the world than the -wild dogwood or the sumac? Teach the people that beautifying the grounds is not an expensive proposition, but that it is only necessary to have a willing- ness to do a little work. One may go to a neighbor and get a slip and grow a beau- tiful bush of his own. The question is whether one has the willingness to do the work, study a little and take care of the things. Other speakers were E. D. Philbrick, Prof. J. W. Garner, who is an alderman of Urbana; IMrs. William Eaton Moore of Springfield; H. Augustine and George Foster of Normal, and S. H. West of Leroy. Hon. Francis G. Blair, state superin- tendent of schools, made the opening address at the evening session, upon the “Educational Value of Interesting School Grounds.” Mrs. Amalie Hofer Jerome, of the Chicago Playground Association, told an interesting story of the growth of the playground movement. This session was closed by a stereopticon lecture by J. H. Prost, city forester of Chicago, who exhibited some striking examples of the changes which may be made in home and school grounds by the proper plant- ing and cultivation of trees, shrubs and flowers. At the second day’s session the com- mittee upon organization reported the constitution, which was adopted. The life membership fee is $25 ; sustain- ing members pay $5 per year ; con- tributing members $2, and active mem- bers $1. Any club, society, municipal body or school, may become a mem- ber by paying $5 annually. The following officers were reported by the nominating committee and elected by the convention : President — Edward J. Parker, of the Park and Boulevard Association, Quincy. First vice president — Dean Eugene Davenport, Urbana. Second vice president — Charles L. Hutchinson, Chicago. Secretary: — A. P. Wyman, instructor in landscape gardening. University of Illinois, Urbana. Treasurer — Howard D. Humphreys, Bloomington. Directors — Mrs. J. C. Bly, Chicago; George E. Hooker, Chicago; A. B. Mac- pherson, Springfield ; F. i\I. Sapp, Ot- tawa; H. C. Schaub, Decatur; Mrs. F. M. Bedard, La Salle; J. C. Fisher, Cairo; Prof. J. W. Garner, Urbana; O. C. Simonds, Chicago ; Mrs. H. E. Chub- buck, Peoria. O. C. Simonds, landscape gardener of Chicago, made a short talk and pre- sented the following resohitions which were adopted : 1 — “That the children be given more in- struction in outdoor art and taught to appreciate natural beauty. 2 — “That this instruction should be given in an incidental way and not as an ad- ditional course which would add to the burdens of the pupil. 3 — “That as a preparation for giving such instruction, special courses should be given in our normal schools and higher institutions of learning.” W'. N. Rudd spoke at some length of the special need of instructing school teachers so they could instruct the chil- dren in this w'ork of outdoor improve- ment. He said that the campus of the University of Illinois might be made a hundred times better than it is, and he ■dwelt upon the power of that institu- tion for good outdoor improvement if its students w^ere all sent out with the right examples and teaching of it. It should have .a beautifully planned and beautifully planted campus. The stud- ent's should be told it is beautiful and why it is beautiful. Mr. Rudd passe.d a strong criticism upon the trustees of the University of Illinois for having a cam- pus that was not well laid out for its ornamental planting, and in particular that the trustees had appointed a com- mittee of three architects, and no land- scape gardener, to make plans for this campus and the location of its future buildings. He understood that when their attention was called to the make-up of this board they had signified that after the buildings were located the landscape planting could be done in any way to accommodate itself to the build- ing plan. This Mr. Rudd condemned severely, maintaining that this great in- stitution was making a serious mistake in not giving them an example on the university campus of what proper land- scape gardening means. C. A. Ewing, of Decatur, reported for the committee on street tree planting in part as follows : “Among the park commissioners or in their employ should be a man who understands forestry. All the streets should be in care of the park commissioners in order that anything like a homogeneous plan of plant- ing and protection may be carried out. Usually the owner of a lot without let or hindrance, gives reign to his fancy as to what should be done with the trees in front of his property; he removes them entirely or trims them without understanding their requirements, or allows them to be injured by the laying of sidewalks, the running of wires, the putting down of pipes or he will set out an unsuitable or Inharmonious variety. The commissioners can adopt a plan for getting the best varieties and protecting them from insects and other in- juries. “When an ordinance for , a walk is pre- sented, the trees, if any, along the pro- posed improvement should be considered. If it is necessary to cut their roots they should be at once protected by coal tar and per- haps trimmed back to balance the lessened supply of food and moisture afforded by their roots. The same is true as to an ordinance or permit for stringing wires or laying a drain. When a plat is presented for acceptance it should provide ample boulevard between the walk and the pave- ment line for planting trees. Private own- ers should be restrained from interfering with the trees on the streets, and these trees should receive intelligent care through- out the year. “The law provides for creating improve- ment districts, park systems, boulevards, pleasure driveways and even for a city art commission to provide and maintain public Parks and many other things.” S. A. Forbes, state entomologist, sent a letter telling of the work of insect extermination. He said that the San Jose scale would gradually spread over the entire state — a fact which 'makes it necessary to strike some favorites from the list of ornamentals as both short- lived and unusually dangerous. The flowering quince and the mountain ash are examples. The elm leaf beetle has now reached Ohio and southern Indiana, and its control will probably become a permanent problem in Illinois. Mrs. E. S. Walker, former president of the Springfield Woman’s Club, made a report of its work. This club has charge of a “city beautiful” department in one of the Springfield papers. Mrs. H. C. Shaub, of Decatur, told of some school improvement work in her locality. Charles N. Brown, secretary of the Park and Pleasure Drive Association of Madison, Wis., read a most interesting paper detailing the remarkable park work in that city of which the story has already been told in Park and Ceme- tery. PARK AND CEMETERY. 178 TOWN BUILT A PARK SYSTEM HOW A SMALL When I first began my park work in Wymore, the town had no ideals, no plans for the future, and seemingly no great object to be attained in the future. The town had politics and pool rooms, saloons and churches, race tracks and banks, but nothing that would make a man want to come back in a hundred years and see how it was getting along. And it had no money with which to buy land for parks. But the sentiment in favor of parks crystallized and cen- tered, became contagious and infectious, and it began to be argued that every dollar that could be pulled out of the treasury and put into parks was just that much money saved. It was to the taxpayers of the city just what salvage is to an insurance company. The little parks began to be a savings bank for the money of the taxpayer. And these arguments gathered -Strength as the improvements went on, and as the sentiment in favor of parks and civic improvement gathered momen- tum, and the results became apparent, the six saloons went out of existence ' and six parks were receiving the loving support and tender care of a city full of people awakened to clearer, cleaner and better views of life. In Nebraska nearly every little city has its nursery wherein are growing mil- lions of shade and ornamental trees and shrubs, of proper size arid age for trans- planting, and of infinite variety, home grown, and at a cost so trifling that it would hardly be considered in an esti- mate of the expense of improving a park in Nebraska. Another advantage we enjoy is, that the laws of our state already make am- ple provision for the taking and owning ■of parks, by towns and villages, and the levying and collection of taxes for their purchase, improvement and maintenance. Full authority is also given to cities and villages to issue bonds for the pur- pose of acquiring parks ; and the law also provides that streets may be parked and the cost thereof assessed to adjoin- ing property. So that having the power and authority to embark in this great work it only remains to show the people ■of the towns and villages the need for these things and the advantages of mak- ing the start now, while the land is cheap. The statute also authorizes towns and villages to accept gifts of land for park purposes, and this is another important By A. D. McCandless in Bulletin of ■ Nebraska State Horticultural Society. reason, that a start should be made along these lines that will attract the attention of property holders, and very probably result in a gift to the town of land for the purpose of a park or parks. As an instance of the importance of this, about three years ago, the Woman’s Club of Beatrice began to agitate the ques- tion of parks for the city; they pro- cured a lecture to be given on the sub- ject, the newspapers talked favorably of the work, and a healthy sentiment in favor of parks was being worked up. And while the subject was being dis- cussed an old man who owned a fine farm of 179 acres close to the city who had already made his will, had it changed and left this fine property to the city of Beatrice for park purposes. He has since passed away, his will has been probated, the farm sold and the city is now in possession of the money and engaged in acquiring the land for the purpose of a park. And in growing towns, property own- ers can readily make money, or improve and enhance the value of their property, by setting aside small portions of it for a park. To show how this works, let me tell you how surrounding property was affected in Wymore by the taking and improving of a couple of blocks for a park. In the spring of 1902 the Mayor and Council were induced to take two blocks in the west part of town for a park. The street between the two blocks was vacated and added to the park; the park was then fenced and planted in trees. It had been ' a weed patch, and the property all around it was a weed patch; and lots could be bought adjoin- ing it at from $50.00 to $100.00 per lot. Today building lots around this park will bring from $400.00 to $1,000.00 a lot, and improved property is selling readily for an advance over its cost of from twenty-five to forty per cent. So yon see the property holder can make money by helping the town beautify it- self. He can do something for his town, and make money for himself. Today this weed patch that surrounded the two blocks taken is considered the most de- sirable residence portion of the city, far outstripping other and older improved parts of the town. In fact the estab- lishing of this park changed the direction in which building was going, and made its neighborhood the most desirable in the city. This brings me to the point of sug- gesting how the start should be made, and how the work can be carried on. The little experience I have had in the matter leads me to state as the first step, and I think all will agree with me, that we must get the people of the particular town or village interested. The impor- tant thing is to first reach the people and get their attention to the subject. Then show them the benefits, and their needs, and their rights, and their power, and to assist in organizing them into, working civic, societies. In some towns a leader will spring up, and take hold of the work and push it, and that town is fortunate indeed. In others time will be required to get the start made. If there was a common center in the state from which literature could be sent out, this would help, and the local newspapers will almost always be found right, and ready to help; and the proposed start should always be made in a small way, and left to grow. In fact small parks should be the rule, and well scattered where a number are undertaken, and in the smaller towns where but one is started it should be centrally located. Large parks attract the attention of driv- ing associations, which will want to put race tracks in them, and outlying parks along the streams attract the attention of those who would like to open a beer garden. And the more I study this sub- ject, the more I am impressed with the idea that parks should be small, centrally located, of easy access to all. But this branch of the subject might well be left to the individual town, as the location and environment of each town would naturally change the plan to an extent. Having attracted the attention of the people of the towns to the subject, they should then be advised as to the pro- visions of the law authorizing the levy of taxes, etc., and in many cases the governing board could be induced to at least levy a mill, or even a half mill tax for park purposes, and thus begin to create a fund for future use. This of itself would attract attention and inter- est, and where you found one taxpayer trying to get rid of the tax you would find a dozen asking to have it increased. That at least was our experience in Wymore. Our parks are all paid for, and much more money is appropriated each year for their care than we ask for, or use, and it would be the same in all towns when the interest is once aroused. 179 PARK AND CEMETERY. A SURVEY OF AMERICAN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Read by Prof. F. A. Waugh, Amherst, Mass., before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Some other ideas have recently begun to overlie those of Downing, but his work still exercises a tremen- dous influence. This influence, espe- cially in the recent past, has been so plain and so easily traced that we may fairly allow it to be the chief support of Downing’s reputation as a landscape artist. From such sources we may draw certain definite conclu- sions as to Downing’s work; 1. He aimed at an informal or “natural” style. His main walks and drives were usually curved and his trees were not placed in straight rows except where the circumstances plain- ly demanded it. This informality, however, was decidedly restrained, we might even say constrained and stiff. It fell far short of the free and easy natural style of the present day. 2. Trees were used chiefly as in- dividuals. Each one was given room for its complete development. There were few groups and no masses. It will be remember that this principle has been most strenuously supported by all the disciples of Downing, though it is now being generally aban- doned. 3. Lawns are small and scrappy, the space being taken up very largely with trees and flower beds. Each de- sign therefore presents a somewhat jumbled appearance. 4. Trees of many kinds were used in nearly every place, and, as these were all treated as specimens, the whole assumed the air of an arbor- etum. This arboretum scheme is highly characteristic of the disciples of Downing. These principles, 2, 3, and 4, in the hands of men of limited taste, led directly to what Professor Bailey has aptly characteristized as the “nursery style” of landscape gar- dening. 5. Considerable numbers of fruit trees were used on the grounds, be- ing placed in such a manner as to become a part of the decorative scheme. We have not time to-day to review the remarkable changes in industrial, social, and artistic matters following the Civil War; but we can easily re- member their vastness and can real- ize their importance as bearing on landscape gardening. Unquestionably the leading land- scape designer of the period was Frederick Law Olmsted, to whose (Concluded) work we may now give our attention. Olmsted was engaged on many works, of which the following are a few : Central Park, New York. Prospect Park, Brooklyn. University of California, Berkeley. Washington Park, Brooklyn. South Parks, Chicago. Morningside Park, New York. Muddy River Parkway, Boston. Mount Royal Park, Montreal. Capitol Grounds, Washington. Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. Belle Isle Park, Detroit. Capitol Grounds, Albany. Franklin Park, Boston. Charles River Bank, Boston. Delaware Park of Buffalo. ■ Wood Island Park, Boston. Marine Park, Boston. Lynn Woods, Lynn. World’s Fair, Chicago. Of these perhaps the best known are the World’s Fair at Chicago (es- pecially the Wooded Island and La- goon), Mount Royal Park, Montreal, Biltmore, N. C. and the railway station grounds of the Boston & Al- bany railroad. If we add to this list Franklin Park, Boston, and the Mud- dy Brook Parkvay we have a reas- onably representative selection of his best and most characteristic work. However, in any consideration of Olmsted’s work careful attention should be given to his written re- ports. Amongst these should be specially mentioned his report on Franklin Park and his “Considera- tions of the Justifying Value of a Public Park.” With these various works in hand we may be justifled in a few generalizations regarding his methods and their results. 1. He revitalized the natural style. Brown, Repton, Downing, and all their followers had professed the nat- ural style, but the works of Olm- sted were so much more truly like the best of Nature’s work that the whole doctrine of naturalness in land- scape art received a new meaning at his hands. Today, at least in America, the natural style and the Olmstedian style are synonymous., while the works of all his predeces- sors would be rated artificial. 2. Olmsted introduced a new ap- preciation of natural scenery. Other men had been gardeners or improv- ers on Nature. He first taught us to admire Nature in her own dress. Downing was of course a lover of natural landscape, but this element of his character was not brought strong- ly forward in his landscape gardening. 3. Adaptation to site and surround- ings was the keynote of Olmsted’s work, and this also amounted to a new discovery in landscape art. In this direction Olmsted had a peculiar gift which is everywhere recognized as one of his distinguishing character- istics. It will be readily seen that this faculty was closely associated with his appreciation of natural scenery. 4. He discovered the native flora. Though artistically less important than other contributions of Olmsted, this was the most revolutionary of his innovations. Downing was a collector of plants, with a fondness for what was rare and exotic. Gardeners every- where were planting Japanese magno- lias, purple beeches, and Camperdown elms. Olmsted turned boldly, and not without violent opposition., to the commonest roadside shrubs. He adopted the outcast weeds. Peter after his vision could not have been more completely converted to what had previously been thought unclean. Up to this time, strange as it may seem, American plants had been more used in Europe than here. With the richest indigenous flora of any coun- try in the world, we were still plant- ing the species and varieties of Euro- pean nurseries. We may remark fur- ther that this use of the native flora was the one Olmstedian principle most quickly acclaimed and adopted by others. It has had a tremendous vogue in this country. It is the point in which Olmsted has been most fully, successfully (and sometimes slavishly) imitated. 5. The native plants were used in large quantities. Common dogwood and viburnums were put in by car- loads. For the first time in the his- tory of landscape art, plants were ade- qua.tely massed. This principle was not carried to extreme, however; and in fact it has not yet received the de- velopment which it merits. While it received less popular approval than item 4 above, its intrinsic importance from the standpoint of good art is much greater. 6. Indigenous plants were given their natural environment. Much at- PARK AND CEMETERY . 180 tention was given to the development of this principle, especially by some of the followers of Olmsted. Up to this time, along with the preference for exotics, had gone the gardener’s pride in growing plants out of their altitude, latitude, .and longitude. The alpine garden was the gardener’s pet, and Downing himself nursed his lone- ly fig trees through the cold and snowy New York winters. 7. Olmsted’s roads were peculiar and characteristic, and peculiarly and characteristically successful. A con- siderable part of their success is due to their adaptation to the contour of the land,, and is thus related to prin- ciple 3 discussed above. Their strik- ing individuality appears to be large- ly the result of their nodal treatment, but this is a matter of technic rather too complicated for a discussion in a popular lecture. As a third character- istic they were always laid on natural lines. This means that there ar.e no straight lines and no mathematical curves either in horizontal projection or in profile. In this matter of road design, Olm.sted has been widely fol- lowed, usually without marked suc- cess. 8. Olmsted appears to have been the first conspicuously to adopt the principle of rhythm in natural land- scape composition, though any artist composing freely and with a proper feeling for his work will inevitably follow this method more or less. This method cannot be formulated in a sentence, but every artist at least will understand what it signifies. The most interesting and instruct- ive exercise of all which we might undertake v/ould be a study of pres- ent-day works and workers. There are many reasons besides the lack of time why we cannot do this; and so I ask you to consider, in place of such detailed study, a few of my own in- adequate generalizations. ]. Landscape gardening now en- jojas unprecedented opportunities in America. These opportunities come both through the presence here of many exce.ssively wealthy patrons of the art, and through the democratic patronage of municipalities and pub- lic institutions. 2. There are a large number of landscape architects now in the field,, and a considerable number of these are capable, well-trained men. Of course there are still many quacks and impostors, but they exert a dimin- ishing influence. 3. The old controversies over styles have been hushed and instead of them we now enjoy a remarkably catholic taste and eclecticism of treat- ment. We have all grades of the natural style, every shade of adapta- tion of the Italian style, example,? of the Japanese style, and hundreds of excellent works which meet the re- quirements put upon them frankly and adequately without reference to any set “style.” This breaking away from set and conventional styles indicates that American landscape gardening has taken root in its own soil. 4. The services of the profession have passed largely from private into public fields. The leading problems now are not private estates of “gentlc- rr.en,” but municipal parks.,' play- grounds, and city planning. 3o broad a field of benevolent humani- tarianism was never before opened to any art. And what of the future? We are prepared now to look ahead. My own judgment is that Ameri- can landscape architecture, as it comes more and more to its proper estate, v/;ll be influenced more and more by the native landscape. It will con- form itself in a larger and more fun- damental way to the topography and the scenery of the continent. What then are the outstanding characteris- tics of the American landscape? The American landscape is first of all large. This sounds like a vulgar claim to make for it; but Aristotle said that any object to be beautiful must have a certain magnitude. Mi- croscopic views, strictly speakin.g cannot be beautiful. But height and depth and space in a landscape mean vastly more than in’ a statue, a paint- ing, or a piece of music. A mountain cannot be a mountain till it is a thousand feet high, and if a river is not large enough it may be mistaken for a brook. I like Champlain better than Lake George chiefly because Champlain is larger. The plains of Kansas and Texas are magnificent for their illimitable unbroken stretch. The great passes of the Rockies lift our souls out of puny bodies just by vir- tue of the sheer, stupendous height of the encircling mountains. Yes, mere largeness has its aesthetic value. Size counts. The American landscape is wild. In many places it is truly savage. Here and there it has all the fierce tem- pestuous wildness of the god-like con- flict in which the world was made. No one can compare England with America, for example, without see- ing that the English landscape is cul- tivated, subdued, humanized,, in a sense overcome by the operations of man. The German forests are or- dered like gardens and look no more like the riotous wilds of Canada or Minnesota than a chess-board looks like a battlefield. To be sure there is some subjugation of the landscape in America, and apt to be more; but the great reaches of American lake and mountain must stand eternally above the encroachments of man. They wfill forever express, more perfectly than other landscapes, the gigantic forces of creation. Again, the American landscape is diverse. There are all kinds of scen- ery on our continent. There are big, threatening mountains, and quiet, peaceful, little ones; there are broad seas; there are vast fertile plains; there are noble rivers and gurgling, gossiping brooks; there are pine for- ests and palmetto groves. Switzer- land has one sort of scenery; Hol- land another; England still another; America has all kinds. But more than diversity the Ameri- can landscape has versatility. We complain sometimes of our change- able weather and our extremes of cli- mate, but these extremes are respon- sible in part for the kaleidoscopic transformations of our fields and hills. In a great German text-book of bot- any I saw printed with infinite pains a sketch of autumn colors on Lake Ontario. No other land can furnish autumn paintings to compare with ours. Then there are our New En- gland winters (not unknown to poetry), and our Arizona summers, and the springtime at Coronado and at Palm Beach. American landscape architecture will some day utilize these boundless resources of natural scenery. Niaga- ra Ealls must some day be the center of a public park. The Yellowstone geyser region is already reserved and should some day be developed by the skilled hand of a competent landscape architect. The big trees fall into the same order. And some day the Rocky Mountains, the great plains,, the Flori- da Everglades, the Great Lakes, the Mississippi and the Hudson, Lake Champlain and the Adirondacks must all be opened up to public use as a past generation opened up the coal mines of Pennsylvania, the forests of Wisconsin and the gold veins of Cali- fornia. Here is the most magnificent opportunity that landscape architect- ure ever had, and this is the field in which this greatest of all arts will become finally, magnificently, and characteristically American. 181 ■ PARK AND CEMETERY . FROM THE PARK REPORTS The report of the Public Parks Board of Winnipeg, Canada, for 1908, shows a growing park system. In 1908 the sum of $103,140.30 was ex- pended in the maintenance and con- struction of parks and boulevards, tree planting and care and improve- ment of Brookside Cemetery. Win- nipeg has a- total area of parks of 319 acres which cost $130,633.41; their valuation in 1907 was $1,235,138.75, which is a pretty good showing since the first park was only acquired in 1893. There are 11 parks in all, vary- ing in area from 1% acres in Victoria Park 'to 282.03 in Assiniboine Park. The annual report of the Board of Public Service, Parks, Baths and Markets of the City of Cleveland, O., for the year 1908, is a most interest- ing report. Cleveland is a very pro- gressive city and its park system has received attention in these columns morfethan once. In the present pam- phlet one is particularly drawn to the department of playgrounds, and no city has, perhaps, gone further into the development of the usefulness of civic playgrounds than Cleveland. The work has been thoroughly studied, and it has been found, among other things, that the playground instruct- ors should include women in its corps. As the report says: “The employ- ment of young women was fully justi- fied in every instance, and the exper- ience of the summer indicates that no playground, no matter what its size or environment, can render the most efficient service to its neighbor- hood without the leadership and in- fluence of a vigorous, refined and ca- pable young woman.” The pamphlet is copiously illustrated and will add to the growing library of civic experi- ences. PARK IMPROVEMENTS The Civic Improvement Association of Indianapolis is leading a movement to promote the establishment of a civic center where future public buildings may be constructed. Mr. George E. Kessler, landscape architect for the Park Board, has prepared plans to this end. Knoxville, Tenn., will take over the property of the Knoxville Park Asso- ciation near White’s Spring branch and improve it for park purposes. A referendum is on ballot this month on the council’s order for $36,000 for a new park and playground at Melrose, Mass. The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Asso- ciation proposes to erect a monument in the park. The Alumnae of the Clara Conway School, Memphis, Tenn., have recently dedicated an attractive pergola struc- ture in Overton Park, in memory of that great southern woman educator. Evanston, 111., is the recipient of an- other park gift from James A. Patten, Charles G. Dawes and William A. and Frank Vawter. It has a frontage of 315 feet on Sheridan Road, carrying with it riparian rights, and 275 feet on Greenwood Boulevard. The city may erect an art museum on the plot. The property cost over $41,000. The oak grove at the back of the col- lege gymnasium, Albion, Mich., is to be transformed into a park. The Newark Shade Tree Commis- sion, Newark, N. J., is developing Co- lumbian Park, a small plot, 100 feet by 200 feet, having a running brook, which will aid in making a unique small park. Pendleton, Ore., is soon to have its first public park. , A new park of six acres, on Myrtle Avenue, Flushing, L. I., is under con- sideration. The property owners of Mount Pleas- ant, Washington, D. C., have raised the funds to secure the triangle at Park road and Mount Pleasant street, north- west, to be set aside as a park. This action was. taken in advance of asking Congress to purchase the property. Final deals have recently been made in securing the land for a 15-acre park for National City, Cal. The city of Gulfport, Miss., is enter- ing into a general scheme of park im- provement and city beautifying. The Park Commission has reported, and in the near future a tree planting ordi- nance will be passed and a landscape architect employed to carry out the work. • With the aid _ of contributions from neighborhood residents, Winthrop Square, Boston, is to be about doubled in area. The Board of Control has strongly urged the City Council of Norfolk, Va., to appropriate $4,000 to put Jackson Park into condition. The City Council of Seattle, Wash., is being urged to submit to the people a proposition to issue bonds to the amount of $3,000,000, to extend the al- ready fine park system. As an idea to broaden the Defenders’ Monument movement, the proposition to establish a new public park is being se- riously discussed in New Haven, Conn. Within nine months the Metropolitan Park Commission, Providence, R. I., has secured about 667 acres of reserva- tion, for which $150,000 has been paid. This is probably as good a showing for the money as has ever been made in a large city. , The park commission of Milwaukee, Wis., has asked its full tax, as permit- ted by law, of $300,000 for park pur- poses during the ensuing year. Five thousand dollars has been pro- vided to start the work of grading and planting in the new park. Twenty-sec- ond -ward, Rochester, N. Y. It has an area of seven acres. The work of securing additional land for the Bay View lake shore park, Mil- waukee, Wis., is progressing. It is becoming more probable that Starved Rock, on the Illinois River, a place of great historic interest in Illi- nois in connection with Indian warfare, may be purchased by the state for a state park. The tract, comprising some 365 acres of ' natural attractiveness, is offered by its owner at a reasonable figure, and a number of organi.zations are urging the project. A commission, appointed by the governor, is securing data regarding the place. The Oak Lawn Improvement League, Dallas, Texas, is urging the purchase of Oak Lawn Park. As soon as it is taken over by the city the residents of the vicinity propose to expend $3,500 in improvements. No advertising matter whatever will be allowed on any street obstructions erected by contractors in prosecuting their work, according to a recent order passed by the aldermen of New Bed- ford, IMass. The N. C. & St. L. R. R. is paying for the work of laying out a small park just north of its depot at Jackson, Tenn. The town of Wellesley, Mass., has ac- cepted the gift of Mr. John D. Hardy of a tract containing 103,053 feet to be used as a park. Contracts have been closed at Water- loo, la., for the 33 acres of land known as the old paper mill property, for an- other park site. It is finely located for such a purpose. PARK AND CEMETERY. 182 RELATIVE VALUES AND CEMETERY CHARGES Erom Paper by Thos. White, Fairliavcn, Mass., at Nczv York Convention of Cemetery Superintendents. The creation of the modern cemetery and the renovation and reorganization of ancient cemeteries, accompanied as they have been by a decided increase in the cost of burial lots and services connect- ed therewith, have given rise to the question : do we. receive value for the money paid, or do the cemetery authori- ties, taking advantage of the circum- ■ stances, tax us unduly in order to pro- vide the necessary means for the fur- therance of their pet schemes? The elaborate care bestowed upon all modern cemteries and the increased in- terest taken in the condition of older burial places, are matters of compara- tively recent times; the outgrowth of ad- vancing civilization, refinement and edu- cation. The prospective purchaser of a ceme- tery lot is sometimes surprised at what he calls the fancy prices he is called upon to pay, not only for a burial lot, but for services performed thereon. He has vague ideas of the cost of land at so much per acre, of labor at current rates as also of excavating and replac- ing a few yards of earth. He is apt to overlook the fact, that location, the na- ture of the ground and some other mat- ters, which in buying ground for cemetery purposes, are paramount. A fact which is most usually overlooked by the possessor or vendor of the same. In addition to this, high prices are some- times charged on account of deprecia- tion of surrounding property. In laying out the grounds, the best and most expensive talent the country can furnish, is secured. In order to pre- serve and enhance the beauty of the nat- ural features to be found in some of our park cemeteries, as also in the for- mation of avenues, plots reserved for or- namental planting and for parked en- trances, certain areas of ground must be sacrificed. When the land has been purchased and large amounts of money laid out and buried, since it is practically dead. in the erection of administration build- ings, boundary walls and drains, not- withstanding that the plots most readiljf available are being disposed of and ground purchased by the acre is being sold by the foot, the expenses and diffi- culties encountered in making a ceme- tery have only just begun. Equipment must be purchased ; the money expended for this purpose, however, is not dead but lively enough to call for constant re- inforcements for renewal and repairs. Swamps must be drained and filled : ledge rock removed and barren land made to grow greensward. Also, judg- ing from a few figures taken at random, enormous sums of money are lying un- productive in the way of unsold ground or stock in trade. One cemetery has lately purchased thirteen acres at a cost of $27,000; another has purchased one hundred and eight acres at a cost of $500,000; another two hundred and three acres at a cost of $200,000. While a cemetery we had the pleasure of visiting two years ago, has, according to its an- nual report, land valued at $300,000 upon which future generations will realize, but which for some time to come will be a source of expense rather than of income. It is true that cemeteries are free from taxation, but we must not forget that expenses involved in the maintenance of avenues, of public safet}’ and order are equivalent to the same expenses in towns and cities ; and also, that these expenses must be met without the aid of jjublic taxation. The value of real estate in- variably moves in one direction. One cannot anticipate the time when under proper management, it will cease to be a source of income. On the other hand, a cemetery lot once sold becomes a source of expense and the trustees holding the money paid for it are on that account responsible for a proportionate share of the expense of administration, repairs and deterioration for all time. For these reasons, in arranging the prices of cemetery lots a liberal policy must be pursued. The price to be ob- tained for the lot must cover the cost of purchase, construction and maintenance; and even then the ability to recuperate in case of losses which no amount of business sagacity could have prevented or foreseen must not be lost sight of. Since nature has decreed that every man shall once in .his life perform the office of dying, and since the law de- mands that the dead shall be interred in certain specified grounds and that the control of these grounds shall be placed in the hands of competent and author- ized persons, the use and patronage of the cemetery becomes compulsory. In view of this fact it may be asked : What justification can there be in erect- ing such expensive structures and mak- ing such elaborate layouts as we find in our modern cemeteries, in an institution of public necessity? The cemetery has simply moved with the times and must be placed in the same class with public buildings, parks, thoroughfares and places of worship. It is not generally considered a hardship that the poorest of us have to con- tribute, directly or indirectly, to the maintenance of these things. The expenses connected with our final departure vary with locations and con- ditions, and like all other expenses are largely influenced by the prevailing cus- tom of the times. The time when the dead were carried out and buried at the least possible expense consistent with decency has passed. Instead, the ques- tion invariably is : Is there anything more we can do? Among those whom mortuary ex- penses affect the most seriously, the ex- pense is lavished upon the funeral which tomorrow is but a memory; while the cemetery^ the last resting place of dear friends, which is visited by the family for time without limit, receives but scant attention ; and I think it safe to say, that in the majority of cases, the money paid for superfluities exceeds 183 PARK AND CEMETERY . the amount paid to the cemetery, includ- ing the cost of the ground. As in life, so in death ; the character or quality of our abode must be in keep- ing with the quantity of this world’s goods which has fallen to our share. The rich will owm an ample plot which is approached by broad and well-kept avenues and crowned by an expensive monument, while the poor will be laid away in a crowded neighborhood, and his resting place will be known to the officials and remembered by a few friends. The value of services must be meas- ured by the same standard as the value of lots. It is quite likely that a con- tractor would be able to open and refill a grave at a less figure than that charged by the cemetery. An irresponsible gardener would grade your lot for ten to twenty per cent less. Most of us have had some experience with founda- WELL-KEPT The Canandaigua Cemetery Associa- tion, Canandaigua, N. Y., has recently is- sued a quarter century illustrated report, tions built by the monument dealers. The results of this kind of figuring are to be seen in nearly all cemeteries not established upon modern lines. In addition to the actual first cost there are the expenses of perpetual adminis- tration which, like Banquo’s ghost, “Will not down.” A general and uniform ar- rangement of graves and grading must be maintained and a record of all burials and many other classes of work kept. The Superintendent is often called upon to give account of work done by him- self or by his predecessor a score or two years previously. So that if graves Avere opened and all other work per- formed at contractor’s prices, a substan- tial fee must be charged or a tax im- posed upon all work in the cemetery. In comparing work done in the ceme- tery we must bear in mind that a great part of the work is done under condi- tions not found outside ; for building port of which we show two here, this is one of the best kept and most modern of the small city cemeteries. foundations and burial vaults and .for all work connected with burials we can- not arrange a date. A sufficient num- ber of men must be kept on hand to execute any order promptly and for whom it is sometimes impossible to find profitable employment. I find that the charge for opening a grave in a large cemetery is from five to seven dollars. In the smaller ceme- teries it is nearer three dollars. In the larger cemeteries more money is de- manded for a single grave than we get for a family lot. Our forms of burial are simple; we dispense with uniformed attendants, shelter tents, rubber mats and lowering devices. It is needless to say, of course, that our margin is corre- spondingly small. We have a less im- posing administrative staff, and if we have not a simpler way of keeping rec- ords we have a cheaper place in which to keep them. shaw, the landscape gardener of Cincin- nati, employed to lay out the grounds which have been developed on modern SMALL CITY CEMETERY VIEW IN WOODLAWN CEMETERY, CANANDAIGUA, N. Y., SHOWING BURIAL PLACE OF GOVERNOR MYRON H. CLARK. 'r*>, giving a history and many interesting facts about Woodlawn Cemetery. If we are to judge by the pictures in this re- The association was organized in 1884, with the purchase of 28 acres of land at $200 an acre, and J. T. Earn- lines from the beginning. Additional purchases have brought the total area up to 65 acres. Each individual lot was PARK AND CEMETERY. 184 diagramed and the diagrams bound in a series of books of large ledger size. On these diagrams, from time to time, the placed by a modern rustic structure 65 feet in length, made of field boulders, under the supervision and according to structures that are built on the lot. Mounds are limited to four inches in height, and automobiles admitted only THE OLD RECEIVING VAULT, WOODLAWN CEMETERY, CANANDAIGUA, N. Y. position of graves and monuments has been indicated, so that every burial place may be located. The trustees hope soon to acquire about seven acres of land comprising the Hubbell gully, which divides the cemetery grounds. The gully will be left for ornamentation substantially as nature has designed it, excepting that an avenue will be extended through it. This drive will be the most attractive one in the cemetery, which is through- out of great natural beauty. A superintendent’s cottage of French design was constructed at a cost of about $3,500 and the receiving vault cost $2,000. It is a plain and substantial structure, providing for 64 bodies. The grounds have been thoroughly un- derdrained and the gully piped and pro- tected against damage in case of a freshet. A reservoir has been placed in the bank west of the cemetery, supplied by water from springs on the Sackett farm, from which iron pipes have been laid through the avenues to furnish wa- ter for sprinkling the sections and for general use. The bridge which has done good ser- vice on Linden avenue has now been re- the plans of John Handrahan and un- der the immediate charge of J. Donovan, a skilled mason. The boulders for the bridge were largely secured from a nearby farm and were generously donat- ed to the association by the owners. A committee has been appointed to take into consideration the building of a fence and entrance at the street, of field boulders, to harmonize’ with the bridge, and friends of the association have ex- pressed a desire to assist. Through the generosity of Mrs. Thompson, a handsome chapel is being erected after plans made by Architect Frank R. Allen, of Boston. While the Canandaigua Cemetery As- sociation by its deed guarantees to every lot owner perpetual care, the obligation does not extend beyond mowing the grass and keeping the surface of the ground in good condition. Quite a number of lot owners who have vases on their lots have taken ad- vantage of the provision in the bc'-laws of the association which provides- for the deposit of a sum of money, either during the lifetime of the owner or by a provision in his will, the interest of which will insure perpetual care of the when observing a speed limit of five miles an hour. No tree, bush or shrub may be planted or removed without permission of the committee on grounds. Upright head stones are permitted ; but the trustees recommend one general family monument, instead of upright separate head stones, as adding much to the beauty of the grounds. The foundations of all monuments and head stones must be of solid ma- sonrr' and to be set in Portland cement, and all grave markers and corner posts must be set by the superintendent. All upright head stones must be set to the depth of the graves. Lots can be obtained of any desired size from 100 Jeet upward. The prices are from 33 to 75 cents per superficial foot, which includes perpetual care. It ■is found necessary to fix the scale of prices to meet the wants of all classes. Just as good ground is, however, sold at 33 cents as at 75 cents and the lots receive the same care. Lf. T. Dubel, the superintendent, is a member of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, and a fre- quent attendant at its meetings. 185 PARK AND CEMETERY. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS The new receiving vault and chapel recently erected in Riverside Ceme- tery, Fargo, N. D., illustrated on this those planted are making rapid growth. The elms are given excel- lent care and in time are expected to PLANTING IN PARK VIEW CEMETERY, HASTINGS, NEB. page, is of pressed brick with cut- stone trimmings, and cost $5,200. The chapel is 34 by 20 feet and the re- ceiving vault 25 by 23 feet with a vestibule 12 by 8 feet. The arched ceilings are 16 feet high, and the in- terior finish is all in polished oak. The floors in the chapel and vesti- bule are of terazzo and the roof is green tile. There is a pressed brick mantel and moulded stone mantel shelf in the interior. The receiving vault is finished in concrete, and is well ventilated and fireproof. River- side cemetery was incorporated in 1903 and contains about 50 acres on the banks of the Red river. A sub- stantial fence and entrance gate have been built, and a water system in- stalled. Perpetual care has made good progress. The grounds were laid out and developed by William Dennison, the present superintendent. Park View Cemetery, Hastings, Neb., has recently discharged its last obligation and being free from debt is planning some extensive better- ments for the near future. One of our illustrations shows some of the foliage and flower beds in this ceme- tery, which make an unusually good showing. The grounds were opened about twenty years ago and contain eighty acres. The photograph gives some little idea of the arrangement of the planting. While there were few natural trees on the grounds do much for the beautifying of the grounds. A new entrance of Bedford stone, with wrought iron en- trance gates, is now being erected at a cost of $1,500. W. F. Buchanan is secretary and treasurer of the associa- tion. A new cemetery of 86 acres is be- ing laid out along the Foothill boule- vard, Oakland, Calif., which is expect- ed to cost $500,000. It will contain two artificial lakes, a large reservoir, fountains, etc., and will be developed along modern lines. The Dilley Cemetery Association, of Dilley, Texas, has been chartered. No capital. Oakview Cemetery, Albany, Ga., is to have a new boundary fence, to in- clude a handsome gate at the main entrance and a smaller one at the northwest corner. The Evergreen Cemetery Associa- tion, of Detroit, Mich., by a recent purchase, now owns some 200 acres of land surrounding Palmer Park, and the addition completes a stretch of nearly three-quarters of a mile on the Seven Mile road. The regents of Fairview Cemetery, New Albany, Ind., are purchasing property to enlarge their cemetery. The Mount Scott Park Cemetery corporation, Portland, Ore., has pur- chased 335 acres of land on the north and west slopes of Mount Scott. The summit of the mountain wdll be main- tained as a natural park and the re- maining 300 acres used for cemetery purposes. A high-class modern ceme- tery is to be established. The contract has been let for a chapel in Linw'ood Cemetery, Gales- burg, 111., to cost $1,625. A new service building and three greenhouses, occupying a total space of 9S by 175 feet, are to be erected in Oakland Cemetery, St. Paul, Minn. The service building will be tw^o stories high, after the Colonial style, and will be a finely finished structure. In the front part will b.e located the office of the association and wash- rooms for public convenience. In the center of the building the workroom will be arranged, with its potting benches and other facilities, and, ex- tending beyond this building the three greenhouses will be built in the best modern construction of the Lord & Burnham Co. Development work on the 265-acre tract of the Elmdale Cemetery, Des Moines, la., has been started. Rose Hill Cemetery, Macon, Ga., is to have cement walks in the near fu- ture. NEW RECEIVING VAULT, RIVERSIDE CEMETERY, FARGO, N. D. PARK AND CEMETERY. 186 The directors of Spring Grove Cem- etery, Cincinnati, have arranged for the construction of two stone build- ings. In the new part a one-story and basement shelter house, 18 by 30 feet, will be erected, and at the north en- trance on Winton road a lodge, 26 by 42 feet, is to be built. Elzner & Anderson, architects, prepared the plans. Arrangements are being made by Mrs. J. J. Blodgett, of New York, for the erection of a receiving vault in Sylvan Lawn Cemetery, Greene, N. Y. This is a much needed improve- ment. New entrance gates from Jefferson Avenue into Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw, Mich., have recently been completed in memory of the late Hon. V/m. L. Webber, who left a bequest for the purpose. The gates are of wrought iron, giving an opening of 14 feet for teams and 414 feet for each footway. There are four pillars of Bedford stone. At the town meeting, Milford, Conn., besides $250 voted to the Mil- ford Cemetery Association for the care of the grounds, $250 was also appropriated for rebuilding the dilapi- dated fence along the railroad tracks between the cemetery and railroad. Three national Bohemian organiza- tions have secured an option on a 32- acre tract a half mile north of Ke- wanee. Wis., for cemetery purposes. The Cleveland IMausoleum Co., Cleveland, O., are erecting a concrete compartment mausoleum of 400 crypts at Brooklyn Heights Cemetery. It will have • a stone entrance and marble interior finish, and will be 133 feet by 30 feet. Hunkin Bros. Construction Co., contractors. There is talk of a handsome gate- way, to cost $10,000, for Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, Conn. 'The Skandinavian Cemetery Asso- ciation, Rockford, III., is planning the erection of a chapel on its grounds. Oak Hill Cemetery, Taylorville, 111., is to have a concrete compartment mausoleum. A contract has been se- cured by the Oak Hill trustees and the International Mausoleum Co., of Chi- cago, for a mausoleum of 240 crypts, built externally of concrete and fin- ished on the interior with marble. A plot of land has been deeded, 10 crypts are given to the trustees, and a sum of $1,000 is deposited with the ceme- tery officials as a perpetual trust for maintenance. The deal, however, will be called off if the company fails to dispose of enough crypts to justify the erection of the building. 1^ EEP your drives and walks free from weeds with “HERBICIDE” Clean for two years by one application. Reade Manufacturing Company Reade Building Hoboken, N. J. IRON Also ORNAMENTAL WIRE FENCES ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY & FENCE CO. FENCE5> Finest at lowest price. Guaranteed Write for catalog 255 S. Senate Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. f^lantlng; Oontraots We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants In America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty. We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and i'ark Organizations are invited to correspond relative to either Planning orPLANT- ING, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NURSERY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City, Minn. 1200 Acres DEALER IN Spruce, Balaam and Hemlock Boughs Hardy Cut Ferns, Lycopodium, Laurel Mosses, etc. Boughs for cemetery use and for covering plants in winter. Hemlock is used for festooning and background, decorating halls, churches, etc. Boughs put up in 100 lb. bales. Can furnish in Bale, Ton or Car Load Lots. Now is the time to place your order for carload lots for Fall delivery before the rush Strictly No. 1 Stock. Write for prices. Address H. J, SMITH, Hinsdale, Mass. The Hoosier Cement Burial Vault Molds All steel, no wood to shrink, swell and warp, always ready, without repairs and good for a lifetime. Best cement proposition known, 500 per cent PROFITS. Telescopes and adjusts for making twenty sizes of sinks, bath-tubs, tanks and vaults with circle cor- ners, preventing cracks. Corners strongest portion of walls. Agents Wanted. For particulars address BALL & BROOKSHIER, Patentees & M’f’rs, Thorntown, Ind. Forest and — Ornamental — Seedlings 100 M. Hamamelis Virginica transplanted, 2 to 6 ft. Fine. 10 M. Sweetgum 3 to 8 ft. 20 M. Tulip Poplar 4 to 10 ft. 10 M. Carolina Poplars 6 to 12 ft. 100 M. Calycanthus, Sweet Shrub, 2 to 3 ft. I Large stock Walnuts, Red Bud, Sweetgum, Ash, Elm, Sycamore, Catalpa Speciosa, Black Locust, California Privet and various other seedlings at lowest prices. Send for list. FOREST NURSERY CO. McMinnville, Tenn. Accurate Records of interments are indispensable to a well-ordered ceme- tery. Specimen pages of record books, in- dexes of interments and lot diagram books sent on application. B. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street, Chlcage. WHITE GLAZED TERR/\-COTT/\ GRAVE A^D lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO., Limaville, Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) BIND YOUR COPIES OF Park and Cemetery With the EMERSON PATENT BINDER Price 75c. postpaid. R. J. Haight, 324 Dear- born St . Ch cago. 187 PARK AND CEMETERY. FLORAL EMBLEMS AT BURIAL OF L. B. ROOT. SHOWING WREATH FROM A. A. C. S. ROOT MONUMENT. MOUNT WASHINGTON CEMETERY. KANSAS CITY. WITH FLORAL BLANKET AT FUNERAL SERVICE OF L. B. ROOT. LOUIS B. ROOT Mr. Louis B. Root, superintendent of Mount Washington Cemetery, Kansas City, Mo., member of the A. A. C. S., died at St. Mary’s hospital on the morn- ing of November' 21. Born in Cayuga county. New York, January 26, 1853, he finished his education and was grad- uated from Cornell University; and af- ter marriage in 1875, came to Kansas City in 1887 and took up his work as a civil engineer. He was appointed super- intendent of parks in 1893, and contin- ued for some years in park work until in 1901 he was made superintendent of the above cemetery. He became a mem- ber of the Association of American S. F. Honnold has filed a petition in the Circuit Court at Paris, 111., for an injunction, restraining the Har- mony Methodist Episcopal Church officials from constructing a drain from the church lot and cemetery into an open creek from which he obtains water and ice for domestic purposes. He claims the drainage would con- taminate the water and make it unfit for use and that another outlet is at the disposal of the church officials. A temporary injunction has been granted. * * * Surrogate Thomas of New York recently decided that the burial plot in which Simon Ratkowsky is buried cannot be sold to pay his debts, on the ground that the whole plot, being part of a cemetery and actually in use as a place for the interment of the dead, is exempt from sale for the purpose of being applied to the pay- ment of the decedent’s debts so long Cemetery Superintendents the same year and took an active part in its conven- tions. There were many beautiful flow- ers at the grave, the floral blanket draped over the monument covered the casket, and the tribute sent by the A. A. C. S. was in the form of the emblem used at the Kansas City convention of the cemtery superintendents. Mr. Root leaves a widow and one son and was buried from his superintendent’s resi- dence, in Mount Washington Cemetery. All with whom he had been associated will hear with sincere regret of his death. He will be especially missed in the ranks of the A. A. C. S. as it continues to be used for ceme- tery purposes. * * » A public hearing is to be afforded those interested in graves, in the nev/ Union Field Cemetery, the Machpelah Cemetery, the Mount Neboh Cemetery and the Cypress Hills Cemetery, which are likely to be disturbed if the proposed road improvements in Queens Borough, Brooklyn, N. Y., are carried out. Some 300 graves are in jeopardy from these highway improvements and the board finally consented to lay the proposition over until a public hear- ing could be called. * * * Burial lots in the City Cemetery of Walla Walla, Wash., have risen in value from $15 to $80, caused by the overcrowding of the grounds. The city council has been asked to buy additional land. By the terms of the will of the late Albert T. Whiting, of Boston, the High Street Cemetery Association of South Hingham, Mass., will event- ually receive a bequest of $38,000. Liberty Plain Cemetery Association, also of South Hingham, is bequeathed $1,000. * * * The price for the perpetual care of lots in Pine Grove Cemetery, Lynn, Mass., has been advanced from 33 cents to 50 cents per square foot, and the date of going into effect of this increase was postponed a short time because a number of lot owners desired an extension of time to make their arrangements. The ef- forts of the commissioners to interest the lot owners in perpetual care have been very successful. * * * The Missouri Cemetery Improve- ment Association has found it neces- sary to use more stringent measures than the ordinary rules to prevent minor vandalism on the grounds. The association has officially adopted a sign 11x12 inches, printed on cloth, bearing an extract from the statutes calling attention to the fact that the law is violated by petty and thought- less acts of vandalism, such as prun- ing shrubs and trees, climbing fences, etc. The sign reads: WARNING Section 2233, Revised Statutes of Missouri, 1909. Misusing Burial Grounds. Every person who shall willfully and maliciously destroy, disfigure or injure any wall, fence, hedge, monument, tombstone, tree, shrubbery, or any part thereof, around or within any cemetery. graveyard or burying ground, or shall use such cemetery, graveyard or burying ground for any other purpose than a burying ground, shall be ad- judged guilty of a felony, and shall, upon conviction, be punished by Imprisonment in the penitentiary not more than five years, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than thirty days, or by a fine not less than twenty-five dollars. Approved April 7, 1909. * * ♦ In connection with a bankruptcy case in which the bankrupt owned ten {Continued on page VIII.) CrntTERY NOTES arvia. "Preser'Ves 'Roads 'Pre'cJenfs Dttsf Worcester’s Experience with Tarvia Worcester, Mass., has used 380,000 gallons of Tarvia for the preservation of its roads and the prevention of dust. The Tarvia methods were tried only after a prolonged and thorough investi- gation by the Mayor and Superintendent of Streets. All the street work that was done in the previous four years in east- ern Massachusetts, both with Tarvia and other dust layers, was carefully examined. The results of the first applications of Tarvia in Worcester were so satisfac- tory that the city is now purchasing sev- eral tank cars of Tarvia each week, and all new macadam construction in Wor- cester is being done with Tarvia X, the grade recommended for new work. In a public statement recently. Mayor James Logan states, “Tarvia speaks for itself. Thus far it has recommended it- self, and Tarviated streets are the best ones in the city.” No one who looks over the city can escape the same conclusion. A few of the streets treated with Tar- via are illustrated herewith. The advantages of the Tarvia treat- ment mav be stated as follows: The road lasts longer. Dust in dry weather and mud in wet weather are abolished. Heavy automobile traffic wears the road but little. Traction resistance is reduced. Frost and snow do not soften the road. Tarvia is made in three grades: Tarvia X for use in road construction. Tarvia A for use on the surface of macadam roads to preserve them and keep them dustless. Tar- via B for use as a dust suppressor. Illustrated booklet describing treatments in full sent on request. Barrett Manufacturing Co. New York Chicago Philadelphia Cleveland Pittsburgh Cincinnati Minneapolis New Orleans Boston St. Louis Kanas City London, Eng. 189 PARK AND CEMETERY. TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by ab ore- variations, thus: S. L. 8;67-8, Feb. 09, means: Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, tebtuary, 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses gnen below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AN American Botanist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American City, The (Am. G.), Chicago, $1.00 year; 10c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New Tork (A. H. G.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural' Record, New Tork (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America, New Tork City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. T. (C. G.), $1.60 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New Tork City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35o copy. Survey, The, New Tork City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. T. (Chaut.), $2.00 year;- 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New Tork City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Plorists’ Ebcchange, New Tork City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, lOc. Garden Magazine, New Tork City (G. M. ). $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. D ABBREVIATIONS USED. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. _ , ^ Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt. Germans (German), G. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New Tork (G. R. M.), $1.00 year; single copy. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy 5c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. , , , . r. s House and Garden, Philadelphia (H. G.). $5.00 year; 50c copy. j ^ Independent, The, New Tork (Ind.), $3.00 year; 26c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind (M. E.), $3,00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New Tork (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. T. (N. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French, $4.50 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New Tork (Scl. Am.), $3.0,0 year; 10c copy. ^ Suburban Life, New Tork (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Survey, New Tork (Sur.), $2.00 year; lOc copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, 10c. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds An Exposition that Mirrors a City. E. B. Mero. Illust. Am. C. 1:95- 101. Nov., ’09. Boston, 1915. Illust. Am. C. 1:102- 6. Nov., ’09. Children’s Street Games. P. S. Grant. Sur. 23:232-6. Nov. 13, ’09. Beautiful City. W. L. Price. Crafts- man, Ne'w York. 17:53-7. Oct., ’09. Cities at Work. Map. World’s Work, New York. 19:12210-1. Nov., ’09. Co-operation in Country Life. E. P. Hitchcock. Illust. C. L. A. 16:632. Oct, ’09. Civic Improvement in Hartford, Conn. E. F. Dickinson. Illust. New Eng- land Mag., Boston. 41:34-43. Sept., ’09. Drum-Beat of the Town. N. Lloyd. Illust. Scribner’s, New York. 46 :560-9. Nov., ’09. How Pergolas Add to the Apprecia- tion and Enjoyment of Outdoor Life. Illust. Craftsman, New York. 17:202-7. Nov., '09. Land Development for Civic Beauty. E. F. A. Reinisch. A. F. 33:956. Nov. 27, ’09. Living in the Country on $1,200 a Year. A. P. Hitchcock. Illust. C. L. A. 17:50-1. Nov., ’09. Outdoor Schools. E. W. Curtis, A. }iL Illust. Am. C. 1:115-18. Nov., ’09. Park System of Oklahoma City. Glenn Marston. Illust. Am. C. 1:121-2. Nov., ’09. Recent Sculpture by Isadore Konti. Illust. M. N. 20:890-1. Dec., ’09. Storm Drainage at, Street Intersections. J. H. Weatherford. Illust. M. E. 37:374-9. Dec., ’09.- The Season’s Unveilings. Illust. M. N. 20:887-9. Dec., ’09. Two Model Suburban School Build- ings. A. L. Blessing. Illust. S. L. 9:297. Dec., '09. Town Planning of the Future. J. W. Petavel. Westminster Review, Lon- don. 172:398-405. Oct, ’09. Town Improvement. K. Ide. Har- per’s Bazaar, New York. 43:1140-2. Nov., ’09. Gardens and Landscape Gardening Gardens Without Flowers. W. Eden. Living Age. Boston. 262:820-1. Sept. 25. ’09. Lessons from English Cottage Gar- dens. W. Miller. Illust. G. M. 10:227-29. Dec., ’09. More Grass Without Outlay. H. Sage C. L. A. 16:678. Oct., ’09. Roses for Western New York. T. E. Martin. Illust Rural New Yorker, New York. 68:981-2. Nov. 13, ’09. Two Crops of Flowers on the Same Grounds. T. Murray. Illust C. L. A. 16:588. Oct., ’09. Use of Concrete About Home and Country Estate. Illust. G. C. A. 10:34-6. Nov., ’09. Value of Gardens. International Stu- dio, New York. 38:330. Oct, ’09. Window Gardening Work in Winter. H. H. Shepard. Illust. Beautiful Homes, St. Louis, Mo. 3:13. Nov.- Dee., ’09. Water Scenery in the Garden. F. Moore; Hort. 10:743. Nov. 27, ’09. What England Can Teach Us About Wall Gardening. W. Miller. Illust. C. L. A. 17:37-40. Nov., ’09. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds Columbus Convention of Road Mak- ers. Illust. G. R. M. 39:380-94. Nov., ’09. Good Roads and the Northwest S. Hill. Illust Collier’s, New York. 44:20. Oct. 9, ’09. In Chicago’s Public Parks. Willy Rosenthal. Illust. G. K. 11:193-8. Nov., ’09. Modern Road Making. W. W. Cros- by. G. R. M. 39:404-5. Nov., ’09. New York Plan for Zoological Parks. W. S. Hornaday. Illust. Map. Scribner’s, N. Y. 46:590-606. Nov. ’09. Oiling Roads in Louisiana. Illust G. R. M. 39:416. Nov., ’09. Public Parks and Street Trees in City Planning. W. Solotaroff. M. E. 37:383-6. Dec., ’09. Problems of Road Administration. L. W. Page. Engineering Mag., New York. 38:265-7. Nov., ’09. Road Building and Maintenance; with Examples of French and English Methods. E. Flagg. Illust. Cen- tury, New York. 79:139-40. Nov., The Road to Mt. Rainier. Illust. M. O. Eldridge. G. R. M. 39:375-9. Nov., ’09. Three Years of Experience with Oil- ing Roads. F. A. Reimer. M. E. 37:381-3. Dec., ’09. Tales from Ancaster Chjirch Yard. G. Steinmetz. Canadian Magazine, Montreal. 33:555-8. Oct., ’09. Atlantic Forest Region of North ' America. L. Trotter. Popular Sci- ence Monthly, New York. 75 :370-92. Oct., ’09. Be Prepared for Ice Storms. C. D. Jarvis. Illust. G. M. 10:224-6. Dec., ’09. Chrysanthemum Society of America. Illust. F. E. 28:721-2. Nov. 13. Destruction of American Forests. PARK AND CEMETERY . V ESTABLISHED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parks, Cemeteries, Public and Private Grounds Published on the 15th of the Month by R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago EDITORS John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription, $1.00 a Year. \ Craftsman, Nev/ York. 17:150-4. Nov., ’09. Forest Reservations for Great Cities. F. Hanisch. Illust. G. K. 11:183- 93. Nov., ’09. (German.) Half Dozen Best Trees for the Coun- try Home. E. P. Powell. C. L. A. 16:688. Oct., ’09. How Germany Makes Forestry Pay. F. B. Warren. Illust. Sci. Am. 101:316-7. Oct. 30, ’09. Length of Time Required to Grow Trees. F. L. 12:85-7. Dec., ’09. Natural Death of Plants. H. H. Groff. F. E. 28:844-45. Dec. 4, ’09. Possible Eflfect of Ament Dust on Plants. G. J. Pierce. Science. New York. 30:652-4. Nov. 5, ’09. Protecting Trees From Vermin. Il- lust. Rural New Yorker, New York. 68:1043. Dec. 4, ’09. Pruning Shade or Ornamental Trees and Shrubbery. Theo. Wirth. M. H. 37:453-57. Dec., ’09, Rare Forms of Ferns. F. B. 17:99- 100. Oct., ’09. State Control of Primitive Forests. W. T. Howell. Illust. Harper’s Weekly. 53:32. Oct., ’09. Small Shrubs for a Small Place. C. D. Lay. A. H. G. 6:sup. 14-5. Oct., ’09. The Christmas Tree. F. L. 12:83-4. Dec., ’09. Trees as Witnesses in Early Survey- ing. B. Trescott. Sci. Am. 101: 195. Sept. 18. ’09. Taking Care of Our Trees. Inde- pendent, New York. 67:839-9. Oct., ’09. Tree Surgery. Illust. Craftsman, New York. 17:177-83. Nov., ’09. Your Own Tree Doctor. E. P. Pow- ell. Illust. Collier’s, New York. 44:27. Oct. 16, ’09. BOOKS. REPORTS, ETC. Concrete Pottery and Garden Fur- niture, by Ralph C. Davison, Assistant Secretary Concrete Association of America. This is a very practical work on concrete pottery making and the For Results in Cemetery or Park Work write H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect and Engineer Rockford, III. Booklet, " The Landscape Beautiful," mailed free FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Designs or full Work- ing Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. ParK and Cemetery The best Medium r for keeping before Park and Cemetery Superintendents. SID. J. HARE LAiNDSCAPE ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY. MO. 3224 Campbell Street Always Mention Park and Cemetery Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of g-oods. Baker Bros. & Co. Tffin, 0. Galvanized Cast Iron Grave & Lot Marks "A Guarantee ‘wHh E'very Mark" BERGER MEG. CO. CINCINNATI, 0. Marks for all Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St., Catalog on Request VI PARK AND CEMETERY. THE BOMGARDNER CEMETERY TRUCK The Cemetery Truck is intended to convey caskets from receiving vault, or funeral car or hearse, to any part of the cemetery. It is designed to permit pall bearers to grasp the handles of the casket and propel the truck. In the absence of pall bearers the handle provided for that purpose may be used. The truck folds into a jpace 10" X 12" X 28". The Bomgardner Casket Elevator Truck Used for raising caskets to crypts in mausoleums, re- ceiving vaults, etc. With this truck one person can receive and place caskets in crypt at any height. When writing state height of highest tier of crypts to be reached and we will furnish quotation. This view shows the Casket Elevator Truck with casket elevated. The view is taken at the Wade Memorial Vault in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, O., where it is in constant use and giving the best of satisfaction. Illustrated folder with full particulars mailed on appli- cation. Bomgardner Manufacturing Co. Cleveland - Ohio PARK AND CEMETERY . VII manipulation required in the production of all kinds of garden furniture. Pot- tering in concrete, if we may be al- lowed the use of such a term, has be- come such an attractive method of side line effort, but has unfortunately got into the hands of so many practically unfitted for it, that the material is fast earning a certain disrepute, and that solely from a lack of knowledge of how to properly ■ work in and with it. Mr. Davison's book with its 140 detail and general illustrations, will be an excel- lent foundation for better knowledge, The book has just been published by Munn & Co. Price $1.50. Copies may be ordered from Park and Cemetery. Fourteenth Annual Report, 1909, of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society to the legislature of the state of New York. This society founded by Andrew H. Green and in- corporated by the New York Legisla- ture in 1895, has done a large amount of work, confined largely to the state of New York. The society is worthy of large accessions to its membership lists, and with more funds at its dis- posal more work would undoubtedly be done in the marking of historical build- ings and locations and the preservation of beauty spots. The report covers 310 pages, and is interesting reading. PUBLISHER’S NOTES Mr. E. F. A. Reinisch, Engineer and Superintendent of Parks, Topeka, Kan., was appointed by the Governor of that state as a delegate to the Farm Land Congress in Chicago last month. report of his address before the Congress is given elsewhere. Mr. Rein- isch is hopeful of greater activity in the development of the parks of To- peka when the new city government by a commission goes into effect next spring. The city owns 150 acres of park land. From the Caldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh, N. Y., comes a handsome quarto pamphlet describing the Hudson- Fulton celebration, the concluding pages of which give a condensed history of Thomas Coldwell and his. inventive ca- reer. It is a very interesting and finely illustrated production. The Coldwell !Mower Co. now touches the 100,000 mark in the production of its lawn mowers, while forty years ago the an- nual output was 200. Charles Mulford Robinson, of Roch- ester, N. Y., has recently prepared a report on Fayetteville, N. Y., for the park commission of that city. It is a thorough study of the problems of the suburban town and offers many valuable suggestions for the future growth of the town along lines of beauty and progress. Park Superintendents now realize that only the strongest and light- est houses are worth putting up — that’s why we have been putting up houses for parks all over the country, and have more on the way. Look up the L & B construction before you decide on any house. It will save money all around. Send for Our Greenhouse Catalog. Lord and Burnham Company, irvington, New NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO St. James Bldg. Tremoot Bldg. Heed Boilding The Rookery JUST ERECTED IN BELLE ISLAND PARK, DETROIT Made 3 inch, 3}4 inch. 4 inch and 5 inch diameters, 8. 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under I p Hqoco O-ilr PovL 111 patents No. 680,432 and 734,854. Forcircularsand prices. Address vJ. HaaSCj VzdK t artijlll. Cemeteries West of H.ockies, Address, Pasadena, Calif, "TracJe yvi ark — Red Tag; F'rult and Ornamental, Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs and Send for Descriptive Priced Catalog FREE. 600 Acres. 13 Greenhouses. Established 1852. F^HOEINIX: INURSERY CO. Dept. .X Bloomington, 111. VIII PARK AND CEMETERY . At a meeting of the State Forestry Commission of Missouri, at Jefferson City, November 27, plans were laid for the calling of a state convention next spring in St. Louis for the organ- ization of a state forestry association, TRADE PUBLICATIONS, ETC. Catalog 65F, of “Windmills, Tanks and Pumps,” and 80D, on “Engines,” from Fairbanks, Morse & Co., Chi- cago. Rules and Regulations of Green- Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y. By-Laws, rules and regulations of Rhinebeck Cemetery Association, Rhinebeck, N. Y. “Moon’s Hardy Trees and Plants for Every Place and Purpose,” Wm. H. Moon Co., Morrisville, Pa. Handsomely illustrated sixteen page booklet about the Austin motor lawn mower and roller. Austin-Western Co., Chicago. Illustrated descriptive book of field grown roses from California Rose Co., Pomona, Cal. Trade list of hardy American plants, shrubs and trees from W. F. Bassett, Hammondton, N. J. CEMETERY NOTES {Continued from page 187) separate lots in Lorraine Cemetery, Baltimore, Md., and which he claimed are exempt from creditors’ claims. Judge iMorris in the U. S. District Court, on November 19, upheld the contention of the attorney for the trustees in bankruptcy that only one of the lots, in which a burial had been made, was exempt and that the other nine were liable. The general law of the State, however, exempts burial lots from execution and the charter of the Lorraine Cemetery Co. pro- vides that none of its lots shall be sub- ject to attachment. Judge Morris evidently outlaws lots held for specu- lative purposes. The perpetual care fund of Fair- view Cemetery, New Albany, Ind., is steadily increasing. The association requires a deposit of $75 for a lot 9 ft. by 18 ft. and $150 for a lot 18 ft. square. The Iowa Mausoleum Co. proposes to erect a compartment . mausoleum in Glendale Cemetery, Des Moines, la., to cost $100,000, and to contain I, 000 crypts. A fund is also to be placed in the hands of the city treas- urer, it is reported, as a perpetual trust fund for its maintenance and care. Mr. J. H. Merrill, who for 28 years has presided over the affairs of the Ottumwa Cemetery Association of Ottumwa, la., has resigned and is succeeded by Mr. William McNett. 848 Tremont Bldg., Boston 838 Monadnock Bldg. .Chicago 1708 Flatiron Bldg., New York Your Trees— How to Save Them Ten chances to one you are sorely neglecting them, and don’t know what to do about it. You have heard about so many quack “tree doctors” who have done their work unintelligently, and charged exorbitantly, that you have grown suspicious. And we don’t blame you. Ll So the really important point about us just now is, who are we and what can we guarantee to do for your trees. 0 Our tree knowledge was not “picked up.” It is an accurate, scientific knowl- edge of trees and how to care for them. It was acquired in the best schools of Forestry in the country, and has been supplemented by extensive practice. ■ We do know our business. Do know how to trim, spray, brace, fill up cavi- ties and stop decay. It takes over fifty years to grow a tree, and one wind storm can twist it off or split it down, all because you didn’t know it had a weak spot or a hollow center. Our business it is to detect and remedy just such conditions — in short, to give your trees a clean bill of health, whether fruit trees, shade trees or woodlands. Our booklet both tells and shows some of the things we have done. Send for it. Mausoleums & High Grade Monuments To be fassured of the greatest degree of per- manence attainable and the minimum of expense for future care of mausoleum s their construction should be entrusted only to reliable con- tractors. We have had years of experi- ence in executing or- ders of this kind anu will direct prospective buyers to specimens of our workmanship in different parts of the country. To Cemetery Officials; Inasmuch as our out- put is of the highest class, you will find it of material benefit to your cemeteries to direct prospective buyers of memorials to the advantages we extend. HARRISON GRANITE CO. Main Office: 44 E. 23rd Street NEW YORK, N.Y. WUson Mausoleum, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City; erected by Harrison Granite Co. Granite Works: BA.RRE, VT. PARK AND CEMETERY. IX \ I i 1 WANTED HELP WANTED. EXPERIENCED cemetery superintend- ent who is energetic and strong, honest and reliable, neat in person and attract- ive to the ■ public and able to show by former positions that he is capable of managing a high-class modern rural cem- etery, located in one of the most beauti- ful valleys of the Golden State. Must have a good general knowledge of the different branches such as gardening, constructing of concrete underground vaults and not only be able to handle men to advantage but willing and not afraid of jumping in and working him- self. To such a man there is waiting a position, though no great salary at pres- ent. an opportunity of materially better- ing himself in the near future. Address California, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — First-class gardener and yard man; none but good, sober, indus- trious' man need apply; salary $70.00 per month. Address P. B. Moss. Billings, Mont. SITUATIONS WANTED. WANTED by man of 28 years, position as assistant superintendent or with view of advancement to such position with leading cemetery. Experienced in gen- eral construction, concrete and grading work; can run level and transit and han- dle plans and specifications; at present employed in a leading Philadelphia ceme- tery. Address H. A. Walker. 41st and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED POSITION as Cemetery Su- perintendent; extensive experience in cemetery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of refer- ences as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — Cemetery superintendent for proposed cemetery, one capable of devel- opment and promotion, ae well as man- agement and landscape work; state expe- rience, reference, age and salary expect- ed in first letter. Address B-5, care Park and Cemetery. POSITION Wanted as Landscape Gardener and Architect in park or ceme- tery; capable of executing plans and handling men; have a good general knowl- edge of different branches; also A-1 florist; best of references and festimon- From dealers who • advertise in : : : • PARK and • CEMETERY • And always mention the ^ Paper when you write. ^ FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry^s T^££S Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata- logue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES EtTilLltHED 1840 Box IV , Rochester, N. Y. ies. Address B. P., care Dr. Wm. Scheld, 835 East 155th St., Bronx, New Tork, N. Y. POSITION WANTED as Cemetery Su- perintendent; sober and reliable, with 12 years’ experience; understand cemetery work in all its branches. Address Super- intendent, care Park and Cemetery. POSITION WANTED as Foreman; 18 years’ experience in cemetery work; cap- able of handling any number of men; best of references. Address B-7, care Park and Cemetery. Landscape gardener, talented, good character, able to plan and execute, wishes to become superintendent of park or cemetery, where his abilities might find appreciation; long connected with leading cemetery of the East; moderate salary. Address Park and Cemetery, Box 4. Gardener and florist, expert landscaper, wants position as foreman in first-class park or cemetery; can promise entire sat- isfaction. Address Park and Cemetery, B-6. CLASSIFIED ADS TO cents a line each insertion: 6 words to a line: minimum i>rice 50 cents. CotY must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY NORTHERN CROWN PLANTS. We grow a general line of hardy and healthy nursery stock fop the cemetery and home grounds. EVERGREENS AND RHODODENDRONS in specimens, sev- eral times transplanted. Catalogues and price lists free. The Bay State Nurs- eries, North Abington, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS For Fall or Early Spring Planting. PEONIES — 3 to 5 eye Division, splendid varieties for Parks and Cemeteries, 110 varieties. PHLOX — Field-grown, 35 varieties, fine assortment of colors; some choice new varieties. IRIS — German, 17 named choice varieties; Japan. 12 varieties, single and double. YUCCA — Filamentosa, 3 year clumps. Price list free. Address The Frank H. Wild Floral Co., Sarcoxie, Mo. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS ; Strong, well -grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade prlce-lisL Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskevllle, R. I. and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees, Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted — Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence In the World. :l THE NATIONAL LOWERING DEVICE Has friends everywhere, and is wanted by everybody. BECAUSE it is always ready for business and NEVER has to be TAKEN APART or put together; just a moment’s work and there it is, ready for infant’s casket or steel grave vaults. Is also made up in GIANT SIZE to be used to lower CEMENT VAULTS. Also made up special styles for CHAPELS, in fact we make it up in the “Latest Style’’ just to fit the place you may want to use it in, but always with our Perfection Safety Brake. If you are anticipating purchasing anything in this line write NATIONAL BURIAL DEVICE CO., 21 to 26 S. Hanchet St, Coldwater, Mich. Durfee Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- .-j rtf o«« Wa 126 different sizes and Qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is a.bsolutely reliable and the most comoact for carrvins": the orice is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The AUSTIN Motor Lawn Mower and Roller marks a new era in the care of Parks, Cem- eteries, Estates, etc., by its improved de- sign and powerful construction. It is durable and stands up to the hardest work. Leading- Country Clubs are using them, such as: — Midlothian, Homewood, Ravisloe and Wheaton (all of Chicago) Houvenkopf (N.Y.) Potter (Calif. ) Springfield (Mass.) Omaha (Nebr.), etc., etc. A fair trial and liberal guarantee are given THE AUSTIN-WESTERN CO., Ltd., Dept. P. C. Fulton Bldg., New York Manhattan Bldg., Chicago eEN COHCM • I90S Entered as Second Class Matter June 9. 1900, at the Post-Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 1 1. JANUARY, 1910 Subscription j Forei|n!^^L25 'X 1 , • ■ ■ C I SOI.DIERS’ MONUMENT, DRUID HILL PARK, BALTIMORE, MD, A. A. Weinman, Sc, (See page 200,) 11 PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE Send for our landscape architect who will furnish designs and show you how, where, when and what to plant WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything 62 Years CATALOGUES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres you can make your own at a very low cost on the Lawson Cement Marker Outfit? No better marker can be found or made. Write for descriptive circular and price Bellett Lawson, Jr. Care ELMWOOD CEMETERY River Grove, III. SF*Ed yVVEN EV ERG RE BINS LARGE ASSORTMENT. All lifting' with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity . ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WlVl. WARNER HARPER, Prop. For SPRING PLANTING EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. Cemetery l^ecords Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pag'es to ParK (SL Cemetery 324 Dearborn St. CHICAGO NEW CROP FLOWER SEED VERBENA MAMMOTH, 7 separate colors or mixed, oz. $1.00. SALVIA SPLENDENS, oz. $1.25. BONFIRE, oz. $2.25. FIREBALL, oz. $3.75. ZURICH, oz. $5.00. FRESH TOBACCO STEMS, bale of 300 lbs., $1.75, ton $9.00. W. C. BECKERT, Seedsman, 103 Federal St.. N.S., Pittsburg Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slate Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stack. Order Direct fram the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY L*«K BOX 48. BANGOR. PENN The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND FOR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION. AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED PARK AND CEMETERY. Ill This tandem roller has been espe- cially designed for rolling T urf , Paths, Parkways and Light Roadways and is espe- cially adapted for Park and Cemetery Work. There are today a great number of Park De- partments and many cemeteries using our rollers and at every point they have given the highest of satis- faction. Buffalo Pitts Double Direct Drive Tandem Roller We shall be pleased 3yff2jQ (^q Buffalo, N.Y. to send catalogue on ^ Eastern Offices request. Write to 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City Mausoleums and High Grade Monuments To be assured of the greatest degree of permanence attainable and the mini- mum of expense for future care of mausoleums their construction should be entrusted only to reliable contrac- tors. We have had years of experience in executing orders of this kind and will direct prospective buyers to speci- mens of our workmanship in different parts of the country. To Cemetery Officials: Inasmuch as our output is of the highest class, you will find it of material benefit to your cemeteries to direct prospective buyers of memorials to the advantages we extend. HARRISON GRANITE CO. Main Office Hills Monument, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City Erected by Harrison Granite Co. 44 E. 23d Street New York Granite Works : BARRE, VT. Cemetery Records Systems of Records for Cemeteries of all sizes. Send for specimen pages to ParR y must reach us by the 8tk of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY NORTHERN CROWN PLANTS. We grow a general line of hardy and healthy nursery stock for the cemetery and home grounds. EVERGREENS AND RHODODENDRONS in specimens, sev- eral times transplanted. Catalogues and price lists free. The Bay State Nurs- eries, North Abington, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS For Pall or Early Spring Planting. PEONIES — 3 to 5 eye Division, splendid varieties for Parks and Cemeteries, 110 varieties. PHLOX — Field-grown, 35 varieties, fine assortment of colors; some choice new varieties. IRIS — German. 17 named choice varieties; Japan. 12 varieties, single and double. YUCCA — Filamentosa, 3 year clumps. Price list free. Address The Prank H. Wild Floral Co., Sarcoxie, Mo. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list. • Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Flskevllle, R. I. FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry T^£iS Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No ag^ents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata* logue mailed free on request. ,4 MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Estaiusheo 1840 Box W . Rochester. N. Y, and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees. Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted — Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence in the World. Always mention Park and Cemetery when writing to advertisers. CEMETERV RECORDS A Simple System of H«..eping a Com* plete R.ecorc] of Interments, Cot Owners, Cocation of Graves, etc. ^ .Specimen Pa^es JTent on Application ^ R. J. HAIGHT, Publisher, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago STONE GRAVE VAULTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting-. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERHOTT, OHIO Ised and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone tfrave and lot markers cheap as clay markers Durfee Grave Dirt Cover -Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Lining will 6t any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowerinct Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying ca.sefi. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids. Michigan The AUSTIN Motor Lawn Mower and Roller marks a new era in the care of Parks, Cem- eteries, Estates, etc., by its improved de- sign and powerful construction. It is durable and stands up to the hardest work. Leading Country Clubs are usingthem, such as: — Midlothian, Homewood, R avis ' oe and. Wheaton [all of Chicago) Springfield [Mass.) Houvenkopf [N .Y ) Potter [Calif.) Onf ha [Nebr.), etc., etc. A fair trial and liberal guarantee are given THE AUSTIN- WESTERN CO., Ltd., Dept. P. C. Fulton Bldg., New York Manhattan Bldg., Chicago Entered as Second Class Matter June 9, 1900, at the Post-OlBce at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March 3rd, 1879 Published Monthly by R. J. Haight, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago. Vol. XIX. No. 12. FEBRUARY, 1910 Subscription i Forei^!^^L25 ’ . (Canada, $1.25 NORTH BAT, OLNET’S POND. LINCOLN WOODS RESERVATION. FOUR MILES FROM THE STATE HOUSE. Metropolitan Park System of Providence, R. I. (See pa^e 215.) II PARK AND CEMETERY. SPECIAL NOTICE W. & T. SMITH CO., GENEVA, N. Y. Send for our landscape architect who WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN will furnish designs and show you Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, how, where, when and what to plant Vines, Herbaceous Plants. In short, everything WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 62 Years CATAL06UES AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED 700 Acres WHY buy expensive markers when you can make your own at a very low cost on the Lawson Cement Marker Outfit? No better marker can be found or made. Write for descriptive eircuiar and price Bellett Lawson, Jr. Care ELMWOOD CEMETERY River Grove, 111. SF*ECiyV\EIN EV ERG RE BINS LARGE ASSORTMENT. All lifting with good ball and burlapped for shipping. Specialties, LARGE WHITE PINE and HEMLOCKS in any size or quantity. ANDORRA NURSERIES, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER. Prop. For SPRING PLANTING EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS in grand assortment Ask for Catalogue Hiram T. Jones Union County Nurseries :: Elizabeth, N. J. Squier’s Weed Killer Is absolutely the most effectual made. The most enduring in its effects. Has the greatest covering capacity of any. Most economical of any to use. Larg- est sale of any in the world. Avoid substitutes. Send for circulars to E. Harrison Mfg. Co. Rahway, N. J. Beckert’s Garden, Flower and Lawn Seeds Beckert’s Evergreen Lawn Seed Measured Bus. of 24 lbs., $3.00 per Bus. Write for Catalogue. W. C. BECKERT, SEEDSMAN, 103 FEDERAL ST., N. S., PITTSBURG. Roofing Slate, Blackboards, Structural Slatu Special attention given to Slate Burial Vaults, Catacombs, Etc. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY, AND GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. All Sizes Kept Constantly in Stock, Order Direct from the Manufacturers. BANGOR STRUCTURAL SLATE COMPANY LOCK BOX 48. BANGOR. PENN The VULCAN COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS SPECIAL DESIGNS FURNISHED GRATIS SEND POR CATALOG ARTISTIC WROUGHT IRON GATES PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCING FOR PARKS, CEMETERIES AND GROUNDS WE CATER TO A DEMAND FOR A BETTER GRADE THAN THE GENERAL RUN OF THIS CLASS OF WORK. THE MATERIALS USED BY US ARE THE BEST. THE WORK IS EXECUTED BY SKILLED ARTISANS UNDER OUR OWN CONSTANT SUPERVISION. AND CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ALL THE SMALL DETAILS THAT MAKE UP A FIRST CLASS JOB, IS CONSCIENTIOUSLY APPLIED T PARK AND CEMETERY . Ill THE GENUINE “PHILADELPHIA” LAWN MOWERS Have unsurpassed reputation for ease of running and durability The Standard Mowers the world over STYLE “A.” ALL STEEL. The most popular and the favorite Mower ' for Park and Cemetery work IV nte for Catalog and our special pnces The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Co., Philadelphia, pa.,Ls. a. i i i i i I This tandem roller has been espe- cially designed for rolling T urf , Paths, Parkways and Light Roadways and is espe- cially adapted for Park and Cemetery Work. There are today a great number of Park De- partments and many cemeteries using our rollers and at every point they have given the highest of satis- faction. Buffalo Pitts Double Direct Drive Tandem Roller We shall be pleased to send catalogue on request. Write to Buffalo Steam Roller Co. Buffalo, N.Y. Eastern Offices 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. 150 Nassau St., New York City IV PARK AND CEMETERY. A ready buyer awaits these trees Not the ordinary grade as commonly offered. Not fair specimens but the cream of large blocks selected when young and trans- planted- with ample room for development, pruned, cultivated and well fertilized. Such trees not only transplant better but their shapeliness and vigor show the result of our special treat- ment. When you buy these specimens you get the best efforts of over half a century’s plant-growing experience. Yon will never take chances on the ordinary grade if you see this stock list. Lindens: American, European and White Leaved Horse Chestnuts: Red and White Flowering Maples: Norway, Sugar and Sycamore Ash: White and Green Oriental Plane American Elm Every Plant Buyer should have a copy of our Fall Catalog of Hardy Ornamental Plants. Our stock and service are both well known among Park and Cemetery Superintendents. We grow good stock and aim to please our patrons. Ask for catalog. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. Wholesale Growers of Hardy Plants Dresher Box 5 Penna. THE Moore-System Trade Mark Mausoleums ^VAULTS AND RECEIVING TOMBS ill^* BuiltTto^StandCforAges ”iili $20.00 reward will be paid the Cemetery Superintendent, Plot Salesman, or Clerk who first reports to me the clear- est detailed information that a Moore-System Mausoleum or Vault is to be erected in his cemetery, payable when Mr. Moore receives his license fee from the owner or builder. “Built on the Moore-System” stands for honest material and construction throughout. Solidity, Good Ventila- tion, Freedom from Leakage or Dampness are its strongest recommendations. The trade-mark “THE MOORE-SYSTEM” on your work is an absolute guarantee that you have the best. Any reputable dealer or builder can obtain a special license to build The Moore-System (trade-mark) mauso- leum upon payment of a nominal royalty fee of One Hun- dred Dollars ($100.00) per mausoleum built. If he does not already use The Moore-System Mausoleum Construc- tion, it will pay you to call your local dealer or builder’s attention to this advertisement. A copy of The Moore-System of Mausoleum Construction, patented, will be forwarded on request. Thomas J. Moore Vault and Mausoleum Builder 140 Nassau St. New York, N. Y. How to Plan the Home Grounds By Samuel Parsons, Ex-Supt. of Parks, New York Cify. 27 chap- ters of suggestive text, profusely illustrated, on how to plan, plant and care for home grounds; also treats of parks, cemeteries, city and village squares, station grounds. 249 pages. Price $1.00. R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Si., Chicago They Go Together A Beautiful Monument and a Beau- tiful Vase. Vases, Settees, Chairs and Win- dow Boxes. The Kramer Bros. Foundry Co. Dayton :: Ohio r^lantlng Contraots We are among the largest growers of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants in America. Hardy va- rieties a specialty. We employ a competent land- scape gardener for the service of our large patron- age. Cemetery and Park Organizations are invited to correspond relative to eitherPLANNiNG or Plant- ing, or both. We will be pleased to make estimates on any proposition. THE JEWELL NURSERY COMPANY Est. 1868 Lake City. Minn. 1200 Acres EVERGREENS: We have one of t he finest blocks of American Arborvitae and a smaller block of White Snriice equally fine that ever grew. Almost every plant is a specimen. DECIDUOUS TREES: Silver Maple, Carolina Poplar, Box Elder, Ash, Birch, Tulip, Poplar, Catalpa, Sugar Maple, Black Sugar Maple, Larch and many other sorts in lesser lota. DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Lilac, Syriuga, Althaea, “Pussy Willow”Japan Quince, SpiraeaVan Houttei, White Fringe, California Privet, Calycanthus, Witch Haael, African Tamerax and others. VINES: Chinese trailing Honeysuckle, Wisteria, Wild Grapes, Trumpet Creeper, Bittersweet and others. SEEDLINGS: Have one-half million of these. We collect millions of the beautiful, hardy native perennials. We also grow many of these. Send us your list of wants for quotations. HOPEPALE NURSERIES, Hopedale, III. PARK AND CEMETERY AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING Vol. XIX Chicago, February, 1910 No. 12 The Field Museum Site, Chicago There is no relaxation in the strenuous efforts of Chicago to secure the $10,000,000 museum, which the will of the late Marshall Field made possible provided an appropriate site could be determined upon within a stipulated time. The Chi- cago “city plan” decided upon Grant Park, located along the harbor shore in the down-town district, as the most suitable spot for both the Field Museum and the Crerar Library, and indeed a general consent endorses that location. But a prom- inent citizen who has constituted himself the “watch dog of the lake front” acting under a legal technicality that prohibits building on the said lake front, has persistently opposed the erection of any buildings of whatever nature or cost in Grant Park, and the law has upheld him. Two schemes are being prosecuted now to break this opposition, one a legal suit, a condemnation of easement rights, and the creating of an island just far enough from shore to give it the name, upon which to construct the museum, with the possibility in the future of connecting the island with the mainland by a little more fill- ing. The location of these splendid buildings in Grant Park fits in so well with the “Chicago plan”, that this opposition must be defeated. N? The Forestry Bureau Episode Whatever may be the outcome of the situation that com- pelled the dismissal of Gifford Pinchot from the office of Chief Forester at Washington, the good sense of President Taft in appointing a competent man to succeed him is to be highly commended. Prof. Henry S. Graves, of the Yale Forestry School, a warm friend of Mr. Pinchot, and unquestionably a man devoted to his work, will make a worthy occupant of the office, and the people may rest satisfied that the efforts of his predecessor will be seconded with zeal. And the people may further be congratulated that they do not lose the emi- nent services of Mr. Pinchot, and it may be that as a cham- pion m the field of conservation over the whole country, his particular devotion and ability, may be more effective in de- veloping just and proper conditions, than the limits of official life encourages. The controversy in official life on the con- servation question, will probably have been entirely to the advantage of the people; nevertheless it was an unfortunate episode. Ng The Public School a Social Center As a complement to the Pla3^ground movement the Public School has, in a number of places, been found to be an ex- cellent Social Center. And there is good reason in it too. It is a public building erected and maintained by the people, and is only occupied for its particular functions, a minor part of the day and for less than three parts of the year. Where a sustained effort has been made to supply entertainment and to interest a neighborhood by means of the public school build- ing, it will have been noted that an extension of the proposi- tion is very soon in order, and the extra expense to the tax- payers is not felt at all. A neighborhood has to be studied in order to be able to supply its ethical needs, and the public school invites a trial of its appropriateness as. a center from which to encourage social betterment. ^ Two Important Cemetery Decisions An important suit has just been decided by Judge Swear- ingen in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny, Pa., be- tween Mrs. Elizabeth E. Pitcairn, and the Homewood Cem- etery, Pittsburg. Mrs. Pitcairn in consequence of the body of a son-in-law having been already interred on her lot, or- dered the contractor to locate a mausoleum midway be- tween the grave and the rear of the lot so that the outer walls would be twelve feet from the end of the lot. She held that the mausoleum could not be erected in the center of the lot without disturbing the grave. The Board of Managers of the cemetery refused to allow it to be erected except in the center of the lot. The complainant therefore asked an injunc- tion to restrain the cemetery managers from interfering The Homewood Cemetery denied that the title to the lot passed to the plaintiff under this general devise, but that it was “intended as a family heritage for the interment of his own and the bodies of his immediate family; and having left children surviving him, they and not the plaintiff are the only persons who jointly have the right of disposal and use of said lot. While the plaintiff had the same interest in said lot as she would have in the other real estate of her deceased hus- band had he died intestate, this interest, in so far as the cemetery was concerned, was merely nominal, and she had no right either to dispose of the lot or order interments to be made therein. The defendant denied that the mausoleum could not be erected in the center of the lot without interfer- ing with the grave or body. The cemetery held that the rules and regulations were sufficient to enable the “Board of Man- agers of the cemetery to prevent the location of a mausoleum or other structure upon any lot at a point unfit or improper in view of the general scheme of improvement of the cemetery property.” The defendant’s answer then proceeded to aver that apart from rules and regulations, a general discretion is vested in the Board as trustees for the entire property, to control the erection and location of structures, which in view of their location or design may injuriously affect adjoining properties.” This had been done on the surrounding lots. “To permit the plaintiff to violate this rule and erect a mau- soleum at one side or in the corner of the lot described in the bill, would be to seriously damage these other properties by destroying the alignment and symmetry of this class of improvements in the vicinity.” To allow lot owners to lo- cate such structures at pleasure would prevent any future control of the location thereof by the managers. Judge Swear- ingen declared that when Robert Pitcairn purchased the, lot the deed was in fee simple, and decided that the plaintiff has a right to locate the mausoleum on any part of her lot with- out giving any reason for her action, but if her reasons are material, the reasons shown in this case are sufficient to jus- tify her action in locating the mausoleum between the grave of her son-in-law and the westerly side of her lot. The costs were placed upon the cemetery. The decision of Judge Wilbur F. Booth in the petition of the Lakewood Cemetery Association of Minneapolis, Minn., to condemn adjoining land for cemetery extension has an im- portant bearing upon such cemetery propositions. The own- ers of the lots in the Saunders Park addition to the city con- tended that the cemetery association was not a public body, was not entitled to the right of eminent domain, and that there was not now need to expand the grounds. The ruling held that the body is public, that the statutes give cemeteries the right to condemn, and that enlargement is necessary if the artistic features are to be preserved. On the question of the “artistic” the judge declared: “Public sentiment now de- mands that a cemetery be not merely a burial ground, but a dignified sepulchre laid out and maintained with cultured and artistic taste.” 215 PARK AND CEMETERY. BUILDING A GREAT METROPOLITAN PARK SYSTEM There is probably no park project of greater magnitude actually under way in this country than that of the Metro- politan Park Commission of Providence, R. I., which is providing playgrounds and reservations for three-fourths of the population of the state. The com- mission has gone about the work in a most careful and systematic manner, under the ablest professional guidance to be obtained, and its methods are worth more than passing study to park workers who are interested in the broad projects of developing comprehensive city and county park systems. The reports of this body furnish a valuable compendium of methods in or- ganizing, acquiring and developing a park project of great magnitude. The fifth annual report recently issued, re- cords the actual acquiring of some land. The work of mapping and surveying is well under way, and land purchases and improvement will follow as fast as ap- propriations permit. The metropolitan district of which Providence is the center is strikingly varied. Besides the sections properly adapted to the dwellings of the people, and those more naturally suited to man- ufacturing or commercial activities, are those others which, owing to irregu- larit}^ of outline and to rivers or bluffs or ponds, cannot be used for the building of traffic highways or residential dis- tricts without great economic waste. These are the logical playgrounds. By such reservation a well-recognized public necessity is provided, while fu- ture slums and engineering difficulties that would cruelly tax the resources of the city will be avoided. These places are destined to be, either the most beau- tiful features by which the public hap- piness is served, or else dismal districts of perpetual nuisance and expense. The park system as planned is, first of all, severely practical and economic, rather than aesthetic, in its purpose. It recognizes the inseparable relation be- tween the most attractive park develop- ment and the most prosperous commer- cial development. The scientific princi- ples upon which this metropolitan pro- ject was first sketched upon the map are universally conceded as correct by those who make a special study of city planning or community development throughout the world. The proposition has not only received the full approval of the distinguished landscape and civic advisers who have recently directed the work, but the endorsement of many other civic experts throughout the coun- try, and of writers and lecturers in for- eign countries. The great metropolitan district of Providence Plantations — a single com- munity so far as all outward appearance and physical condition goes, and doub- ling in population every twenty-two or twenty-three years — has park needs that admit of no separation. To try to de- velop complete park systems for each of its various municipalities would be. a waste of effort and an overlapping of expenditure. Every feature of the park system must from the nature of things be an asset accessible and useful to all the inhabitants of the greater commun- ity. It was this fact that made a Met- ropolitan Commission necessary. In 1908, the Commission engaged as its landscape advisers, Olmsted Brothers, of Brookline, Mass., whose connection with a great number of the most not- able park and civic development projects throughout the country gave assurance of their wisdom and ability. The pre- liminary inspections and general sugges- tions previously given were then sup- plemented by the beginning of a more careful study, which still continues. In May of last year, bonds to the amount of $250,000 having been issued, a busi- ness office and engineering department was established under the direction of the landscape advisers, and work was undertaken in earnest. The first rough maps and drawing were as rapidly as possible replaced by more accurate plans upon which the various parts of the pro- ject could be minutely studied. Many original surveys were soon found to be necessary, and work has been pushed as well as it could be with the limited appropriation and crowded quarters. Prof. George L. Hosmer, of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, or- ganized the engineering work and since his retirement, Mr. Charlton D. Putnam, from the same institution, has adminis- tered the office. So far as time and means have al- lowed, every available bit of data has been secured and arranged for careful consideration in order that the means of the Commission might be utilized to the BIG TREES AT MERINO FLATS. Metropolitan Park System of Providence, R. I.; four miles from the State House. PARK AND CEMETERY. 216 very best possible advantage. The var- ious propositions hitherto tentatively considered from imperfect maps and in- exact knowledge have been developed with more and more perfect data, and ' studied with due regard to their indi- vidual importance and their relationship one with another. Of the absolute desirability of cer- tain projects, there has never been any difference of opinion among any of the members who have served upon the Park Commission. These most obvious- ly desirable ones, stripped of all fea- tures that were not vital to their suc- cessful acquirement, have been placed in a list by themselves and labelled “Es- sential.” Another list has been pre- pared, either of separate projects or ex- tensions of the first mentioned, which are reported as “Urgently Recommend- ed.” Still another list, without which no park system for this district may be considered complete, comes under the classification of the “Eminently Desir- able.” The first list requires an expenditure of about twice the amount of money that has thus far been granted to the Commission ; although the expendi- tures proposed are upon a basis of ex- treme, prudence and even parsimony. Ac- quirement of land is the very first con- sideration, and its improvement must be confined to the simplest means by which it may be made thoroughly available and useful to the public. These will consist principally of paths and simple roads, and the building of seats and shelters. Expensive embellishment must wait; and, indeed, such is the natural beaut}^ and established usefulness of most of the reservations already, that the best results may generally be at- tained by comparatively simple means. It does not appear that any seriously appreciable burden would be placed upon this community by giving full sup- port to the “Essential” list of recom- mendations. For the entire acquirement of the metropolitan parks, as suggested, togeth- er with such necessary development as must at present be undertaken, an in- vestment equal to but one-half of one per cent, of the valuation of the district would be called for. This, in its effect upon taxation, is so small as to be very difficult to perceive at all. The experience of all communities shows that it is an investment that brings direct dividends to the tax of- fice, as well as the greater dividends of prosperity, of efficiency, of health and happiness, to every citizen. By co-operation with the owners of undeveloped lands within the district, and with the owners of large manufac- turing properties along the rivers, re- sults are expected that could not other- wise be obtained so economically. In the former case the land which is more useful for recreation than for other pur- poses may be reserved, and a layout of streets and parkways in accordance with Metropolitan Park System of Providence, the plans of the Commission may be adopted with results alike favorable to the owners of the property and to the people of the State in general. Along the rivers and the lines of ponds which form such a conspicuous feature upon the map of the metropolitan dis- trict, the parking of the shores provides at the same time for public recreation, for beauty, and for properly conceived development, and saves the waterways from contamination and from occu- pancy injurious to the manufacturers who use the water-power, or who re- quire unpolluted waters for their pro- cesses. Such lands as have been ac- quired for these latter purposes may well be contributed by their present owners with actual advantage to themselves and an assured advantage to the public. The full use of flowage rights for manufac- turing purposes is not in any way an- tagonistic to the use of the shores as parks. The Commission is seriously handi- capped by the lack of that power which is held by many corporations and by the highway departments of towns; by school boards and water boards-; and by^ park commissions generally through- out the country, by which eminent do- main may be exercised in certain cases. The Commission believes that its for- mer request for the right of eminent domain was ' misunderstood by a great many people who believed the power asked for was in some way unusual or oppressive. The argument was ad- vanced that the Commission should wait until it met with real difficulties of the kind which it foresaw and then ask for specific acts of legislation to condemn such particular areas as it was unable to secure in any other way. Acting upon this suggestion, the Commission requests such legislation in a number of speci- fied cases. The estimated cost of all the proj- ects of the commission is $1,983,000, of which the “Essential” list of thirteen projects calls for $445,000. First addi- tional list of projects, designated as “Urgently Recommended,” calls for $838,500 : and the remaining list, called “Very Desirable,” is roughly estimated at $694,000 : the three classes practically completing the recommendations sug- gested by previous reports, as approved by the landscape advisers, and making a connected circuit. The entire cost is therefore estimat- ed at about one-half of one per cent, of the present assessed valuation of the Metropolitan District. The population of the metropolitan district is probably a little in excess of 400,000, and it is increasing about 15,000 per year. It has doubled about every 22 or 23 years during a century. The assessed valuation is nearly $400,000,000. The cost of maintaining a public loan for each $1,000,000 borrowed on behalf of the Metropolitan District amounts to about $38,500 per year, which covers the interest and sinking fund. This amounts to about nine cents per inhabi- tant, or one-hundredth of one per cent. If “consumer pays the tax,” i. e., if this added burden were distributed pro- portionately among all the rent payers, it would add one-tenth of one per cent. EDGEWOOD BEACH— “THE WILLOWS.” R. I. 217 PARK AND CEMETERY . to present rent ; for example, a tene- ment that at present rents for $20 per month would cost two cents per month additional in order that its occupants might have part ownership and full par- ticipation and benefit in one million dol- lars worth of recreation grounds. One acre of parks to each 2,000 peo- ple generally is considered a modest al- lotment— most of the important cities are equalling or exceeding this. Such a rate would suggest over 2,000 acres to present inhabitants of this Metropolitan District. They now have about 850. One per cent, of the tax valuation of a district is regarded as the minimum investment for parks and recreation fea- tures. This amount is provided by New Jersey laws for the county park system. The estimated ultimate cost of the Met- ropolitan Park System of Providence Plantations is less than one-half of one per cent, of the valuation of its district. About one million dollars thus invest- ed for each 100,000 people appears to be about the general average, though the Boston Metropolitan District has invest- ed more than two million dollars for each 100,000 people. At the same rate, the Metropolitan Park District of Prov- idence Plantations would be called upon to invest eight million dollars in its parks, playgrounds, boulevards, and other things of the kind. It certainly could afford eventually to invest about one-half of this amount as suggested below. The report also gives some other interesting comparative figures. The park districts of the United States, most closely approximating this in valuation and population are the two county park districts of Essex county, N. J., of which Newark is the centre (about twenty per cent, more populous than Rhode Island Metropolitan Park District). The park system was started in 1895. Investment is now between five and six millions. Hudson county (Jersey City district) has about the same population as Essex county. Its park system was begun in 1903. About $2,000,000 had been invest- ed up to 1908. This will be the most expensive park system in America per acre, because Jersey City did not think it “could afford” to provide parks until most of the possibilities were gone. It is now finding that present parsimony begets future prodigality. By New Jersey laws there is also an annual assessment of “not less than one- half mill nor more than three-quarters of a mill” for maintenance of parks and recreation grounds. This amounts to fifty to seventy-five cents on $1,000, and such a rate would provide $200,000 to $300,000 a year in this Metropolitan Dis- trict. This is about the amount of as- sessment levied in most western cities and is not burdensome. An expenditure equal to one per cent of the present valuation of this Metro- politan Park District would provide for the acquirement of all the projects pro- posed by the Metropolitan Park Com- mission,— the large reservations, the pro- tection of stream banks and pond shores; the steep hillsides and prome- nades and the connecting parkways. It would also provide a comprehensive sys- tem of small “neighborhood parks” and playgrounds throughout all the present thickly built districts and pay up the outstanding liabilities for all the parks hitherto acquired throughout the district. The annual cost would be inappreciable, even if there was no increased valua- tion resulting from the improvement. It should be noticed that the Metro- politan Park System, which applies alike to the enjoyment and service of all parts of the district, serves a purpose of economy for each of the cities and towns of which the district is composed, for each city and town, though it will contribute but its proportion of the ex- pense, gets the benefit of it all. The park system also benefits the whole State in an unusual degree, though the State acts merely as a guarantor, or un- derwriter, of the bonds, and in the end pays no part of the cost at all. Some splendid illustrations of the value of buying land early and of the penalty of delay are shown in the re- port. Two striking pictures shown here speak emphatically on this point. The splendid pine grove near the Seekonk river, is just two miles from the Provi- dence Board of Trade. It would have been a remarkable public possession as it appeared in 1904. The other picture shows how this great opportunity was wasted for the price of a few boards. In September, 1908, the first tract of land for the metropolitan park system, the celebrated glen and pond of Quins- nicket, situated in the town of Lincoln and for many years a resort of picnic parties and sightseers, was bought. The area is about seventy-one acres. The price paid was $3,000. The Commis- sion is much indebted to the public spirit and generosity of the owner, Stephen Smith, who had only a short time be- fore refused an offer very much more liberal. In November, 1908, Mr. Herbert C. Calef presented to the Commission a strip of shore front and beach border- ing the Nausauket plat, upon the north shore of Greenwich Bay between Ap- ponaug and Buttonwoods, and contain- ing about four and one-half acres. Later Mr. Calef conveyed as a gift to the Commission several acres additional, ex- tending along a cove to the north of the first parcel. In January, John M. Dean, gave to the Commission his beautifully develop- ed private park and lake at Meshanti- cut, containing about fifteen acres, and also offered the land for a parkway ex- tending through his estate to Sockan- osset Hill. Since his first gift, Mr. Dean has of- fered additional land to the Commis- sion, the boundaries of which are now being surveyed and studied. A number of very generous gifts of land have been offered by owners of East Provi- dence property, by which the construc- tion of the first section of the proposed Barrington parkway seems almost as- sured. The Commission has also been given reason to hope for equally generous treatment by owners of certain land on the west shore of the bay. These two parkways will provide for the proper THE PENALTY OP DELAY; BEFORE. Pine Grove, Near Seekonk River in 1904. PARK AND CEMETERY . development of the only remaining un- built areas of appreciable extent any- where along the upper portion of Nar- ragansett Bay. Moreover, they will fur- nish the only drives that extend for any considerable distance in sight of its wa- ters. These are the only opportunities for shore boulevards that now exist, and they are obviously needed for many reasons. On February 12, 1909, the one-hun- dredth anniversary of the birth of Ab- raham Lincoln, the executive committee established as a reservation the Lincoln woods. The land included in these op- tions, together with Quinsnicket prev- iously secured, amounts to nearly 500 acres of beautifully varied wild country and several old established farms. It is bordered by the Moshassuck river and by several ponds. Its nearest portion is about two miles from the railroad sta- tion in Pawtucket, and a little over four miles from the State House in Provi- dence. The price paid for the whole tract is about $25,000. No other area so splendidly suggestive of the “forest primeval” exists within the metropolitan district, and to most people it would ap- pear almost unbelievable that any could exist within thirty minutes street-car time, of over 300,000 people in “the most thickly settled State in the Union.” It is especially convenient to the north end of Providence, the west side of Pawtucket; all of Central Falls and Val- ley Falls and the Lonsdale and Sayles- ville districts. Recently, the Commission has secured Edgewood Beach, including a strip of broad, sandy shore, nearly eleven hun- THE PENALTY OF DELAY; AFTER. The Pine Grove changed into Saw Mill dred feet in length extending south from the city line of Providence. The place, though privately owned, has long been used for public recreation of throngs of people, and to the centre of population at the head of Narragansett Bay is the most accessible bathing beach worthy of the name. The price paid for about ten acres is $9,400, which is con- siderably less than the tax valuation. The improvements contemplated include a bathing pavilion with modern conven- iences, and attractive shelters. The Commission has also agreed to the purchase of about twenty-three acres of property known as Merino Flats, im- mediately adjacent to the great mill dis- trict of Olneywille, and long known as “Olneyville’s Great Playground.” Ten thousand five hundred operatives work in the mills that are close at hand, and the edge of the tract is about 1,500 feet distant from Olneyville square. The purchase includes the high wooded bluffs bordering the “Flats,” which extend around them on two sides. The Woon- asquatucket river runs around the other edge of the reservation. The price paid for the portion secured is two and a quarter cents per foot, and the city valu- ation of the whole tract is three cents per foot. Other reservations, for which nego- tiations are in progress, include one in the Wanskuck district along the West river, in a neighborhood where extens- ive park facilities are much needed ; and along the Ten Mile river, north of Memorial Park, adjacent to a rapidly developing district. Besides furnishing a chance for a beautiful lake and pic- turesque development of a valley unfit for building operations, this park would exert a desirable protective influence on the East Providence water supply. The report of the engineer, Charlton D. Putnam summarizes the work of that Ave. In 1905. department as follows ; Accurate boun- dary and topographical surveys and plans have been made of the land of the United States Finishing Company at Leonard’s Pond and of Quinsnicket reservation; plans have been made and 218 taking lines studies and established in the following sections: West river, Merino Flats, Edgewood Beach, Ten Mile river, Mashapaug and Spectacle ponds, Lincoln woods, Scott’s and Val- ley Falls ponds, John M. Dean’s estate, Pawtuxet river, Neutaconkanut Hill, Fruit Hill Parkway, connection between Mashapaug Pond and Roger Williams Park, connection between Pawtuxet River and Roger Williams Park, Bar- rington Parkway, east shore of the See- konk river, west shore of Narragansett Bay from the Pawtuxet river to Passe- onquis Cove and a portion of the Pocas- set river north of the Cranston Print Works ; over sixty plans have been made in the office and about thirty received from outside; estimates of the costs of takings for many of these projects have been made and the rest will soon be completed, and in the course of this work lists containing the valuations, ownerships, and areas of over six thous- and pieces of property have been com- piled ; a large plan of the metropolitan district to show the acquisitions of land has been started; a filing and recording system for the plans has been inaugurat- ed, a system of accounts is being put bn trial; and work is in progress for the improvement of Quinsnicket reser- vation. Olmsted Brothers also include a valu- able report on the organizing and ac- counting features of the system. A large map accompanying the sec- ond report of the commission some years ago prepared with great care at the City Engineer’s office in Provi- dence, shows in detail the character of the territory in the Metropolitan dis- trict. The map shows in a striking way how like one city the whole district is getting to be, with its platted area and built up districts, covering a distance from north to south of nearly fourteen miles, and a closely welded chain of settlements, extending even beyond the limits of the map, up the river valleys and along the shores of the bay. The chance of any considerable area remaining unoccupied or open to the people of the next generation, unless it is taken under public control, is very remote. The district in which the municipal improvements of a city are manifest, extends in a general way about seven miles to the north and an equal distance to the south of the state capitol, which is taken as the center. East and west the urban district extends about four miles each way. . Dr. Fenner H. Peckham, is president of the commission and Henry A. Bar- ker, Secretary. 819 PARK AND CEMETERY. FIGHTING THE GIPSY AND BROWN TAIL MOTHS BARREL PEMP SPRAYER FOR SMALL TREES AND SHRUBBERY. One man can handle pole and another the pump; throws a fine mist; sprayer costs 19.40. It is a mild assertion to make, that every man, woman and child in the eastern part of Massachusetts knows the life history and habits of the Gypsy and Brown Tail Moths. If left to themselves, if nothing was done in the line of prevention and ex- termination, the result would be cities and towns with a population exclusively of these pests for they would make it so interesting that no human being would care to share lots with them. Knowing this, there is a well organ- USING HAND-PUMP SPRAYING POLES There are three men with four-way noz- zles in the tree. When they are at work the tree is covered with a fog of insec- ticide. whicli settles on the leaves and stays till fall. ized movement including city authori- ties, private individuals, special clubs organized for this purpose, all working towards the common end, the suppres- sion of the moth pests. While the question of extermination is proble- matic and is being diligently fought out by the Gypsy Moth Commission, the united assistance of cities and towns must be kept up until the evidences of possible extermination are more appar- ent. To a person who has not lived in the districts infested who has not seen the ravages of these pests, who has not seen tens of thousands swarming over fences, covering the sides of houses, wiggling into homes through all kinds of places, the suffering of adults and children caused by the Brown Tail, the side walks an undulating surface of crawling things — as I said, those that have not seen these things are apt to smile incredulously when the terrors of moth invasion are mentioned. This is no dream, but stern, grim re- ality but mildly stated. The man who sits idly by and winks his eye because there is nothing of this kind about his “diggins,” is very apt to wake up some morning to find, after a^ heavy wind, that there has been an ar- rival from a distance, of white winged things with a little splash of tufted brown on their tails. He may smile on, but the probabilities are that during the next summer his face will be too swol- len and sore to permit any facial mus- cular contractions. The little things spoken of above with the splash of brown on their tails are the far famed Brown Tails and while in the moth state they are very apt to be carried many miles by heavy winds so that a place many miles away is not safe, simply from the fact that there are no pests within miles. A flight of this kind resembles strongly, the kind of a snow storm we sometimes have, where the flakes are as large as twenty-five cent pieces and which quick- ly obliterate anything upon which they fall. This is a plain statement of truth. A few years ago in the City of Bos- ton, a heavy Northerly wind brought us a visitation of this kind and on the walls of the Old Court House, about electric light poles, on the eaves of- houses they clustered so thick that it gave the appearance of places thickly encrusted with snow. While the Brown Tail evidences him- self in the sort of noisy way the Gipsy is more modest and he bides his time to get into new territory. Luckily the female is not able to fly. She must be carried from place to place and to this fact is due the possibility of extermin- ating any newly located infestation, by quick action. The nest of the Gypsy COMPRESSED AIR SPRAY PUMP FOR USE ON THE HOME GROUNDS' SHRUBBERY. resembles very much a rough piece of chamois leather of brownish tinge, and is found generally, on the bark of trees. This, however, is no safe rule to follow in searching for them, for they have a nasty habit of getting into out of the way places to lay their eggs. Underneath piazzas, through the lat- tice work, where it is almost a physical impossibility to follow them, about the foundations of houses on the sills, where they can only be located by the use of a mirror, on stones, in old tin cans, on leaves, and in fact, the female is not very particular where she places her eggs. The peculiar habit of hers PARK AND CEMETERY . 220 makes the work difficult and necessi- tates a careful inspection of any loca- tion known to be infested. On the other hand the Brown Tail displays herself on the branches of trees, on shrubbery, etc., and under these con- ditions is easily located. The Brown Tail’s nests should be cut off and burned during the winter. In the matter of burning, a strong lively fire is absolutely necessary and a fur- nace is preferable. To destroy them over a wood fire out of doors is very difficult as the web is about the same character as asbestos. While this method of removal is prac- tical with the Brown Tail, the nests of the Gypsy should never be removed, but should be treated with Creosote. An application of Creosote will pene- trate and kill all the eggs in the nest. In cases where the pests are not dis- covered in time to be removed or cre- osoted, spraying must be resorted to. Arsenate of Lead is used for this pur- pose, mixed in a proportion of about ten pounds of lead to one hundred gal- lons of water. This solution sprayed on the leaves as nearly as possible, will make it impossible for the young to feed and thus lacking nourishment they MOTH FIGHTING IMPLEMETSTTS. 1. Nozzle with quarter-inch opening, used by power sprayer; the power sprayer uses quantities of material, but is a necessity for covering large areas. 2. The best kind of a brush for creosot- ing in ordinary work. 3. Single-way nozzle, spraying from end only; used on a spraying pole. 4. A four-way nozzle, throwing the insec- ticide from four openings; very effect- ive. as every drop counts; used on a spray pole. POWERFUL SPRAYING MACHINE; 600 GALLONS CAPACITY will die. Spraying is thoroughly ef- fective but should be used in connec- tion with the hand work. In the se- lection of Arsenate of Lead a standard and well known make should be used, as there are very many kinds on the market that are worse than useless. The question of price in the matter should not influence a choice, when the difference is not too great. A power machine, such as the city authorities use, is necessary for very large trees, but for small trees a hand pump will do effective work. To those who live in sections where the pests have not as yet evidenced themselves it would be well to say, that the day of their coming cannot be reck- oned; they may come like a thief in the night As an incentive to activity, it might be well to remember that during the winter, the Gypsy is in the egg state, hatching out in the Spring and a nest may have one hundred, or five hundred eggs, and further that one tree may be ornamented with from one to five htin- dred nest clusters. The Brown Tail is alive during the winter, ready to do business when the leaves show. Each nest of these pests average about the same as the Gypsy Moth. Luke J. Doogue. MAKING WOODLAND INTO GROVE Park commissioners have often been confronted with this problem, i. e., of properly thinning out a woodland, and permitting enough light to establish a good turf. Many country dwellings have been built in these healthy woods, with the most unsatisfactory results, after the usual treatment of thinning out. And yet this very thing, properly done, is practical. When we create new conditions, we should not fail to take original condi- tions into consideration. Let us consider the characteristic dif- ference between a tree growing in the woods and one isolated. The woodland tree is tall and has not the strength of trunk in proportion to its height, and consequently it would suffer from storms, were it robbed of its supporting trees. But the greatest dif- ference, in these trees, lies in the root system. Trees growing in the woods have their roots growing very near the surface, because they feed largely upon the decomposed leaves which also tend to hold the moisture. Now if we rake off this bed of leaves and mulching, we expose many of these roots to the burning sun, and if we try to raise a crop of grass we rob the tree again of moisture and the result often is a slow but sure death. The following arrangement is what I recommend because I have proven it to be successful. After cutting away until only the de- sired trees remain, look them over care- fully, and if there are any that you consider tall out of proportion, head them back to give them the necessary strength. Then cover the entire surface of ground with three or four inches of good loam, or top-soil. Then this should be cultivated one whole season, and not until the second season should grass be sown. This top dressing makes a good foun- dation for your lawn and also furnishes that necessary protection for the tree while it is adapting itself to new condi- tions. Wm. G. MacLean. Madison, Wis. 281 . HARK AND CEMETERY. BIRTH OF CITY FORESTRY IN CHICAGO Paper of J. H. Prost, City Forester of Chicago, at Cincinnati Convention of American Civic Association. The pioneers of Chicago inform me that before the fire of 1871, the then residence streets of Chicago were -so well planted with trees as to suggest the civic motto “Urbs in Horto,” a City Set in a Garden. After the fire the largest majority of these magnificent trees were never re- placed, and Chicago, in its rapid com- mercial and industrial development, sought to supply its aesthetic needs and uphold this civic motto by establishing elaborate playgrounds, beautiful parks and extensive boulevard systems ; and while these really are necessary and beautiful features of which we may well feel proud, yet in accomplishing all this we have thoughtlessly neglected w^hat may be considered the back yard or living portion of the city, overlook- ing these features of the “City Beauti- ful,” which become a joy and comfort to the masses. In Chicago we have some fifty or more civic improvement organizations, covering all parts of the city, and these are again affiliated, forming a league of Improvement Associations. These associations have long realized that the street tree is an indispensable factor in making the city more habit- able and essential to an ideal residence street. In 1904 a Chicago “Tree Plant- ing Society” was organized to promote the planting and care of street trees. It published and distributed a circular setting forth the reasons why trees should be planted. But definite results were not obtained until January, 1909, when the Chicago Woman’s Club put forth determined ef- forts to establish an office for the mu- nicipal control of street trees; by call- ing a meeting at which there was ap- pointed the Chicago Tree Committee made up of thirty citizens representing many prominent clubs and societies, with Franklin MacVeagh, now Secre- tary of the Treasury, as chairman. This body proposed to Mayor Busse the adoption of an ordinance concern- ing trees and shrubbery in the streets of the city. The proposition was ap- proved by the Mayor and on his rec- ommendation the City Council March 22d, unanimously adopted an ordinance as drafted by the Tree Committee. It was agreed by the Mayor and cit- izens interested that the work ought to be placed in charge of the Special Park Commission, as its work for small parks and playgrounds already extended over the entire city, besides possessing the necessary facilities and experience in the subject. The ordinance accordingly gives con- trol of the trees in the streets to the Special Park Commission, authorizes it to appoint a City Forester, who is to direct, assist and advise persons wishing to plant trees, and to have general charge of the care of the trees in the streets. The ordinance further provides that the City Forester shall superintend, regulate and encourage the preservation, culture and planting of shade and orna- mental trees and shrubbery in the park- ways of the City of Chicago. It shall be the duty of owners of lots within whose lot lines trees are growing to keep them trimmed so that they shall not interfere with the pas- sage of light from the street lamps, and that dead or living limbs shall not over- hang the street or sidewalk so as to interfere with the proper use of the same. Before planting trees in the parkways of the city’s streets a written permit must be obtained from the City Forester, this being for the purpose of controll- ing the variety, size and character of tree planted. Trees must not be plant- ed nearer together than twenty-five feet in any case. No one shall, without a permit from the City Forester, remove or cut down any tree or in any way injure trees in the parkway nor hitch horses to them nor allow horses to stand near enough to bite them, nor fasten any rope, wire, sign, poster or hand bills to them nor interfere with any guard put up to pro- tect the trees. Gas Companies, upon notice, must re- pair any leak in their gas pipes that may endanger the trees in the park- ways. No stone, cement or other material shall be permitted in the parkways which may endanger the life of trees in such parkways. An open space not less than two feet in width must be left around any tree planted in the side- walk space. -Persons carrying on building opera- tions must protect exposed trees in the streets with guards so that they shall not be injured. Violations of the ordinance are pun- ishable by a fine of not less than $5.00 nor more than $100 for each offense. Upon assuming the duties of the office in May, 1909, it was found that a Spe- cial Park Commission, by the passing of this ordinance, had added to its su- pervision about 1,486 miles of parkway lying along improved streets, and 1,370 miles of parkway lying along unim- proved streets and 1,415 miles of alley. Eighty thousand would be a fair guess as. to the number of trees growing in the parkways of Chicago. At the request of the Special Park Commis- sion the Superintendent of the Bureau of Streets co-operated with the Com- mission by instructing the thirty-five ward superintendents to make an offi- cial count of the dead trees in the park- ways. This census shows that there are more than 3,000 dead trees standing in the streets. In addition there are a larger number of trees which are part- ly dead and badly in need of trimming. The condition of the city’s finances was such that the only appropriation which could be made in this year’s bud- get was for the salary of a Forester and sundry expenses. Thus the work has been confined to the supervision and direction of private effort, the pro- tection of existing trees and the collec- tion of information regarding the num- ber, location and condition of trees ex- isting in the city. The department was immediately called upon to give advice to citizens planning the planting of trees and shrubbery in the parkways, to consult with neighborhood and street improve- ment associations who desired advice on planting, and these clubs also ar- ranged for meetings of property owners, where an outline of the purpose and ac- tivities of the office were given in addi- tion to information on street tree plant- ing. Our efforts were next directed toward informing citizens, police de- partment and public utility corporations of the passage, purpose and contents of the ordinance, and to arouse an appre- ciation of the services this new depart- ment could render our citizens. Realizing the vast importance of this work, the extent of territory covered, and the unlimited possibilities, I was determined to fortify the office with as much available information on Gity Tree work as could be gathered. To this end the officers of the American Civic Association courteously gave me invaluable information and sugges- tions. A hurried trip was made to a num- ber of the Eastern cities where inval- uable information and suggestions on City Forestry work wes found avail- able and courteously supplied. Wash- PARK AND CEMETERY 222 ington, of course, affords the best op- portunities for the study of City Tree Work, and the secret of their success lies in the fact that they have had the money, the nursery and the man. Lack of municipal control and plant- ing regulations has imposed upon Chi- cago an unnecessarily large number of soft wood trees. Then, too, we find elms, ash, catalpas, Carolina poplars and cottonwood trees are mixed along the same street and in the same block, and this treatment is not uncommon even in the most choice residence dis- tricts. Stumps and dead trees have stood in the parkways for years, be- coming an eyesore and menace to the public. Many of these trees were killed b}' gas leaks, while others have been out- rageously mutilated by careless and in- different citizens and the various public utility corporations. These dead, dying and unsightly trees, have in many cases discouraged and prejudiced our citizens against the planting of new trees, and they have become indifferent and unap- preciative of the beauty and comfort to be enjoyed in well planted streets. A series of instructional pamphlets were printed for free distribution, the first outlining the inception of the movement and the ordinance. The sec- ond “The Call for Trees” attempts to tell how trees make a city more beau- tiful, healthier and stimulate civic DECORATIVE USE Holly trees and holly berries are fa- miliar to every one, because of their as- sociation with the festival of Christmas, not only in our own country but in all the countries of Europe as well. Its uses here have come to us from the old world, and they have become fix- tures with us, for in the humblest homes of the land, a sprig or two of holly with berries on them is had if at all possible. Our native holly. Ilex opaca, is used altogether one may say for cutting pur- poses. The trees of the North and of the South pay tribute to custom in the furnishing of their branches of berries. Of late years more of it comes from the Southern than from the Northern States, this holly being more Southern than Northern, consequently far more abundant South than North. However, it is considered quite hardy anywhere in the Middle States, standing zero and lower without harm, so that it is the only one with red berries that is avail- able in our plantings. One does not often see many specimens of this holly in public grounds, probably because it is extremely hard to transplant, requir- pride. The third is intended to impress our citizens with the existing barren- ness of certain streets, the causes which have combined to bring about these conditions ; suggesting preventive rem- edies and directions for the proper re- moval of dead trees and the trimming of unsightly ones. The fourth gives some idea of what, where, when and bow to plant. These pamphlets hurried- ly compiled have necessarily been brief. Our newspapers have given this movement their hearty support. Our police department has acted promptly in reporting and prohibiting violations of the ordinances and the telephone and electric light companies have co-operat- ed by printing their own permit forms as recommended by the department. The co-operation of private citizens in removing dead trees is solicited by pos- tal cards. All permits issued by the street de- partment for the moving of buildings along the streets must first be approved by the City Forester, and where trees are in danger of destruction the per- mit is revoked. Many of our improve- ment associations and women’s clubs have arranged for lectures on City Tree Planting. These talks usually given in the evening are instructional rather than amusing. ILEX AQUIPOLIUM; ENGLISH HOLLY. ing that all its leaves be cut off and the branches cut back severely to have it succeed well. Treated in this way, safe transplanting may be anticipated. In the public grounds of Washington, D. C., there are some very fine speci- mens of this holly. During the Chicago Flower Show of Nov. 2-7 an illustrated talk on Munic- ipal Gardening and Street Tree Plant- ing was given every evening. About 600 trees and 1,000 shrubs have been planted this fall under the directions and supervision of the Forester, in ad- dition to the usual planting by private citizens. This planting was made possible by the co-operation of citizens along cer- tain streets, each paying $1.25 for each 25 foot of lot frontage. The Commission with the assistance of the Corporation Counsel has con- ferred with the Gas Company, making it clear to them that they will be held! responsible for all trees killed by gas. leaks. In addition to routine work, our ac- tivities for the near future will be di- rected toward removing all dead trees. and trimming unsightly ones now stand- ing in the parkways ; establishing a mu- nicipal nursery, the planting of small- trees, no larger than 2J4 in., one ft. from ground, in large numbers and to encourage the planting of better trees of the hardwood varieties. This gives you a brief outline of our activities since the establishment of the office. We have great hopes for the future. Our citizens and the City Council are giving this work their hearty support. OF THE HOLLY A beautiful holly is the English spe- cies, Ilex aquifolium. While hardy in favorable positions in the Middle States, it is not as hardy as the native one, opaca, already referred to. It will en- dure zero if in sheltered places and sheltered from noon day sun and high cold wind in winter; and it is worth a little trouble to .have it on one’s ground, for it is more beautiful than the other, having bright green and wavy foliage, with bright red berries. The writer has one which has stood quite unprotected in his garden unhurt in the slightest degree for three winters ; it is well sheltered by buildings near it, and practically no sun reaches it in the depth of winter. It is imported in great numbers from Europe every sea- son for Christmas and other uses, but not for cutting from for its berries, but for use as tub plans. They are planted in tubs a month or two in advance of Christmas, kept in some cool place, and then sold to Christmas buyers. They sell readily, because of the pleas- ure they give at Christmas and because after that season is over the plant can {Continued on page IX) 223 PARK AND CEMETERY. The Essex County, N. J., Park Com- mission has notified the authorities that it is now ready to expend the $100,000 appropriated by the legislature for Montclair parks. The town council has four tracts of land, for which it paid $100,000, to be used for parks and play- ■grounds. When all the tracts are im- proved Montclair will rival any town of the state of its size. * * As a perliminary to beginning the work of making Joliet, 111., a “city beautiful,” preparations are under way to elect a park commission, and a “hurry call” is being exercised so as to get things moving. * * * Plans are perfected for improving a vacant area for a park and the erec- tion of a statue to Dr. Samuel G. Howe in South Boston, Mass. Dr. Howe founded and carried on for many years the Idiotic School and was one of the greatest benefactors of the district. * * * A ten-mile boulevard, part of which is under construction or completed, which will connect Cherokee, Iroquois and Shawnee Parks, Louisville, Ky., is a project only needing money to com- plete it. It is proposed to make a bond issue of $200,000. It has a width of 120 feet, and will be a fine investment for the city in the way of increasing prop- erty values. * * * Plans for the improvement of Point Defiance Park, Tacoma, Wash., have been adopted by the Metropolitan Park Board. They include remodeling cer- tain portions of the park and the con- struction of a roadway from the south entrance to connect with the drive now leading to the boulevard .through the forest. Plans for a new animal house 72 feet long were also adopted. PARK IMPROVEMENTS In order to increase the number of playgrounds and properly equip them, increase the park area and open the public school buildings to make the schoolhouse neighborhood social cen- ters, the park board of Holyoke, Mass., hopes to get an appropriation of $135,- 000 for , 1910. The contemplated im- provements are : a recreation building for Riverside park, the further develop- ment of Elmwood park, enlargement, etc., of other parks, and the development of the Jones Point property, which is destined to be one of the best and the largest of the Holyoke playgrounds. The park board of Peoria, 111., is con- sidering the purchase of another small park area, and the laying out of a num- ber of small parks in various parts of the city is talked of. It is proposed to make the public parks far more at- tractive this season. The village council of Colfax, Wis., has purchased a five acre tract east of the main part of the village for park purposes. The New Brunswick, N. J., city coun- cil has authorized the purchase of a twenty-eight acre tract of land, not far from the Pennsylvania depot, for park purpose. This more than doubles the city’s park area, but efforts will not be relaxed to increase the area still further. The new purchase will be transformed into an up-to-date park. Kansas City proposes to extend its boulevard system during the coming year, and the board of park commis- sioners has instructed Mr. George E. Kessler, landscape architect, to prepare plants, to include a parkway on both sides of the Dodson line, in the general boulevard scheme. This is the city’s new territory on the south, and the ob- ject of a double parkway is to forever bar the development of factories and general freight business in a strictly residence district. The question of a public park for New Rochelle, N. Y., is still being urged by the taxpayers, and a 55 acre tract is now being considered. The neces- sity of a public school in the neighbor- hood makes it opportune for the city to purchase a school and park site at one and the some time. Expecting that it may be set aside as a national park. Monument Canon, a a tract of land near Grand Junction, Colo., famous for its scenic beauties, has been withdrawn from entry by the Secretary of the Interior. A bill is pending to make the canon a national park. Livermore, Cal., has elected to raise $10,000 by a bond issue to purchase property for a park, upon which will be erected a public library for which Mr. Carnegie has donated $15,000. Liver- more, with its 2,000 inhabitants, is one of the first of the smaller towns of the state to vote bonds for a public park successfully. The vote stood 242 to 18. Mrs. Jane C. Wrigley, widow of the late Thomas Wrigley, Paterson, N. J., has donated to the city for a public park some 36 lots, valued at $18,000. A tablet is to be maintained in the park inscribed as follows : “This park was donated by Jane C. Wrigley to the peo- ple of Paterson in loving memory of her departed husband, Thomas Wrig- ley, December, 1909.” Albany, Ga., which has been working for a public park for several years has recently completed negotiations for the purchase of twenty-eight acres in the north part of the town at a cost of $10,- 500. Park making will be begun at once. The Garden of the Gods, in all a property of 480 acres, has been pre- sented to Colorado Springs by the late Charles E. Perkins, as an addition to its park system. This beautiful, in- deed marvelous tract, is well known at home and abroad, and Colorado Springs may well boast of its park system, prob- ably the largest and most varied, for a town of its size, in the world. A spot will be reserved for a memorial to the donor. As a result of the law enacted by the last legislature of Maine the commis- sioners of cemeteries and public grounds of Portland will not be dependent on the city for its appropriations. The tax on the assessed valuation of the city will provide some $58,453.41 for this year’s work. There is land to be paid for, and much old improvement work to be continued, yet it is expected that the fund will permit of some new un- dertakings. The park commissioners of Los An- geles have been considering a proposed gift of 30 acres of land by Mr. John T. Gaffey at San Pedro. It is an admira- ble piece of land for certain park pur- poses. The park will be named Arca- dia Park in honor of Mrs. Gaffey. Oak Park, 111., one of the north- western suburbs of Chicago, is a can- didate for an artistic plan of improve- ment. The Fine Arts Society has ap- pointed a committee of architects and artists to prepare a plan to embrace both public and private improvements, including the new systems of parks and playgrounds. Meridian, Miss., of which Mr. Adolph Arp is superintendent of parks, expend- ed $22,000 last year in improvements, comprising drives, walks, band stand, shelter houses, of which there are three, fountains, etc. A six-inch water main connected with the city water- works supplies the park. Two miles of roadway are yet to be constructed. Besides the shelter houses there is a su- perintendent’s residence and refectory. PARK AND CEMETERY. 224 BUSINESS VALUE OF EXTRA CEMETERY SERVICE The problem of making the fullest use of supplies, material and machin- ery, and of profitably occupying the full time of all labor employed is of the ut- most importance in any business enter- prise. It reaches an acute stage, in some manufacturing lines, and is often vital to the success or failure of a bus- iness. The effort to eliminate waste and utilize by-products has shown re- markable results in the intensive devel- opment of many industrial enterprises. The manufacture of by-products and the development of side-lines, has in a number of cases led to the establish- ment of separate industries even more profitable than the main line. Every cemetery superintendent knows that there are numbers of more or less unavoidable avenues of waste in the management of the cemetery business and grounds. The successful manage- ment of the financial and administra- tive end of the cemetery’s affairs is equally as important as the proper de- velopment of the grounds, and it is often measured by the completeness with which all leaks of waste labor and waste effort are stopped. The most profitable employment of labor and the proper distribution of charges is as im- portant to the cemetery that is con- ducted as a voluntary association of lot owners as to the one operated as a business organization. The more prof- itable its financial affairs are conducted the better service it renders to its lot owners and the more improvements are possible on the grounds. • Many cemeteries have found it pos- sible to render a wide variety of serv- ices to lot owners that are not only of distinct accommodation to their patrons, but a source of revenue and of income to the cemetery. While the first and chief purpose of all such efforts, is nec- essarily to serve the lot owner, the charges and arrangements should be as carefully studied as if keen-eyed stock- holders were looking for profits. The charges for these special services must not only be sufficient, but consistent. To be successfully administered at reason- able figures, this extra service must also be freely utilized by the patrons of the cemetery, so that continuous and effi- cient employment of labor may be real- ized. To do this it must be advertised. How many of the average lot holders know what perpetual care is ; how many of them know that they may have spe- cial grave devorations, tents, brick graves, grave vaults or other conven- iences the cemetery management may provide them. Most cemeteries have awakened to the necessity of promoting perpetual care by circular letters, fold- ers, or correspondence with those inter- ested in the cemetery, but other services are seldom given promotion or adver- tising in proportion to their importance. Philadelphia cemeteries have been particularly energetic in advertising the business side of their affairs, and many specimens of their booklets and adver- TETSIT AND FLORAL DECORATIONS IN FRONT OF MAUSOLEUM, PITTSBURG. 225 PARK AND CEMETERY. tising literature have been noted in these pages. Last month we called at- tention to the plan of having mauso- leums for rent that is in successful op- eration at West Laurel Hill, and this month we present some illustrations from a recent booklet issued by Laurel Hill Cemetery, also of Philadelphia. It is a twelve page book, well printed and devoted entirely to illustrations and charges for grave decorations and the building of brick graves. The subject of grave decoration is particularly adapted to illustrated pro- motion, and the pictures of the with and without effects are calculated to make strong appeal to any one who gives even a passing glance to the book. Decoration of graves has become such a common and attractive custom that it may easily be made the subject of good advertising and make the greenhouse account more profitable. Laurel Hill furnishes special flower decorations as elaborate as any one could wish and il- lustrates in the book the styles and prices of such decorations as are most frequently furnished. The regular dec- oration of the grave and mound, in- cludes the covering of the pile of earth with hemlock and lining the grave with evergreens. The palm and fern display shown in the illustration is also includ- ed in suitable weather. The charge for this service in connection with an earth grave is $12.50 and for a brick grave, $15. Special decorations of smilax, ivy, and such flowers as may be ordered, are furnished at prices according to the ma- terial used in the trimming. One of these is also shown in our pictures. The contrast with the undecorated grave is very striking and cannot fail to make a lasting impression on any one who sees it. One of the most interesting and elaborate examples of tent decoration that has come to our notice was recent- ly seen in Pittsburgh, and shows not only a careful handling of the floral decorations but an unusual arrangement of the tent. One of our illustrations which is from a recent issue of the Florists’ Review, gives a view of this tent, just before the arrival of the funer- al cortege. As may be seen, the tent, which is entirely open at the front, was placed directly before the family vault, the steps of which may be seen extending through into the tent at the rear. Some of the palms, ferns and plants were very effectively used to hide the tent posts at the front, and the other floral pieces were placed about the sides and back of the tent. Two great stone vases with their floral planting were also made to come within the scheme and formed an in- tegral part of the decorations. The statue appearing above the tent in the picture is on the top of the mausoleum and it may be seen from this how close- ly the front of the vault was drawn into the tent. The tent was carefully carpeted, and decorated with palms, ferns and a judi- cious arrangement of many of the single floral pieces that were contributed by the mourners. The funeral was that of one of the wealthy citizens of Pittsburgh, and the decorations at the home, which were also used at the tent, were unusually GRAVE AND MOUND, WITHOUT DECORATIONS. Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. GRAVE AND MOUND WITH REGULAR DECORATIONS. GRAVE AND MOUND WITH SPECIAL DECORATIONS AND J^'LO W ERS. Laurel Hill Cemetery. Philadeiphla. PARK AND CEMETERY . 226 profuse and handsome. The casket rested in an immense bower of roses and lillies, and everything else was car- ried out on a scale in keeping with this and the tent display. Laurel Hill Cemetery, in the booklet referred to above, also gives particu- larly careful and detailed explanation of charges and illustrations of the brick graves which are quite an important feature of interment methods in that cemetery. Illustrations from carefully made sectional drawings show graphic- ally all the essential features of the con- struction of these tombs which are made in three general styles and in two kinds of brick as desired. They build the single brick grave which may have floor of brick or stone slabs in one or three pieces, and stone top ; a two crypt grave vault with crypts side by side; and a two or three crypt brick grave with one crypt above the other. The illustrations herewith show very clearly the construction of the sev- eral styles. The single grave of hard red brick with brick floor, and a cov- ering of three flag stones is the cheap- est construction of this kind. The charge for this style is $45; if a single flag stone is used for the cover, the charge is $65 ; with three flag stone as a floor, and three for the cover, the charge is $55 ; with three stones on the floor, and one on top, or vice versa, $70, and with a single stone for both top and bottom, $80. If the walls extend to the surface of the ground, there is an additional charge of $65. The prices of the same styles of single grave in enameled brick range from $100 to $150, with an extra charge of $125 for walls up to the surface of the ground. The two crypt grave of which we show both side and end sectional views, has the two crypts side by side. It is built either with or without a par- tition wall, and in each of the several styles of floor and cover construction enumerated for the single grave. The prices range according to the kind of brick, roof cover and floor arrange- ment from $85 to $350. In enameled brick, with each crypt covered with one stone, the grave without partition is charged at $300 and with partition wall at $350. The third style with the crypts one above the other is built for either two or three interments. The three crypt grave, built of hard red brick, costs from $135 to $180, according to the floor and top coverings, with a charge of $10 added if the walls extend to the surface. In enameled brick this style is built for $250 or $285. For two interments, one above the other this grave is built with either of the several covers and floors for prices ranging from $80 to $125 for the hard red brick, and $175 to $225 for the en- ameled brick. The book is commended for the ac- curate and consistent grading of charges and the excellent methods of illustration, which leave no room for misunderstanding with the lot holder as to either price or service. A page of this booklet is devoted to the Ohio stone vaults which are also furnished at this cemetery for $50 each, another page to charges for burial per- mits, disinterments, and receiving tomb. The price of lots in Laurel Hill varies from $100 to $8,000, and there are over 1,000 lots ready for sale at all times. The cemetery is at Ridge Ave., and 35th St., and the City office at 45 S. 17th St. A. L. Smith is General Man- ager. SINGLE BRICK GRAVE WITH THREE STONES AS COVER. Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. END AND SIDE SECTIONAL VIEWS OF TWO CRYPT BRICK GRAVE. THREE CRYPT BRICK GRAVE; END AND SIDE VIEWS. SHOWING PART OP INTERIOR. PARK AND CEMETERY. 227 a*4giK!.— CmnOY NOTES ’ c-^, The town of Granada, Colo., has been greatly excited over the demand of Mr. D. H. Dickason, that some 300 bodies must be removed from the cemetery unless rent is paid for the land. Mr. Dickason owned the quar- ter section from which the twenty acres, set aside for a cemetery, were taken, and it has always been under- stood that the town owned this par- cel, but no transfer papers or records can be found. * * * In the law suit of the city of Meri- den. Conn., vs. the West Cemetery Association over the assessment for furnishing and setting a curb abutting the cemetery property Judge F. S. Fay overruled the demurrer entered by the city’s counsel. Besides a gen- eral denial of the city’s claim, the cem- etery set up a special defense that the curbing being of no benefit, it should not be called upon to pay for it. It is up to the city to file an answer to the special defense, and it is probable that ultimately the matter will be passed upon by the Supreme court of the state. FROM CEMETERY REPORTS The report of the Board of Mana- gers of Hamilton Cemetery, Hamilton, Ontario, shows total receipts for 1909 of $15,475.21, which includes among other items : Burials and removals, $4,140.75; net sale of lots, $2,839.40; single graves, $653.50; care of lots, $5,961.83 ; foundations and markers, $1,350.13. The expenditures amounted to $15,473.57, which included: Labor, $12,262.40; salaries, $1,200. The report presented a careful division of all these figures chargeable to the several divi- sions of the cemetery work. The Per- petual Care Fund now amounts to $60,- 714.38, having been increased during 1909 by $9,238.95. A little over $5,000 was expended during the year on the non-revenue producing departments. During 1910 it is proposed to install better water facilities and to continue the planting of trees and shrubbery. At the annual meeting of the incor- porators of the Brookville Cemetery, Brookville, Pa., the following officers were elected ; President, W. H. Gray ; secretary and general manager, George W. Heber; treasurer, J. B. Henderson. Among many improvements to be made this year is the laying of a half mile of paving, but no decision has been reached on the material to be used. The Bennington Park Lawn Ceme- tery, Bennington, Vt., held its third an- nual meeting on January 11. A divi- dend of ten per cent was declared, which left a substantial sum in the treasury, and a permanent care fund was started, a sum of $1,000 being deposited in the bank for that purpose. This cemetery was promoted some two years ago by Mr. E. Estabrook and a $40,000 mau- soleum now stands on its grounds, be- sides a number of good monuments, and another $5,000 mausoleum is to be erected this year. The annual report of Superintendent James Warren, Jr., of North Burial Ground, Providence, R. I., showed to- tal receipts of $42,273.67, and total ex- penditures, $35,742.66, leaving a balance of $6,531.01. The Perpetual Care Fund has been increased by $10,007 during the year, making a total of $234,086.16. There were 655 interments and 37 bod- ies were entombed. No very large new work is under way, the year being de- voted mainly to finishing up the new section, under way for five years, and which adds about two acres to the burial lots and considerably to the beauty by extensive planting, etc. During the year the cemetery has lost by death Mr. George L. Pierce, a commissioner for a number of years, and Mr. John A. Thompson, for thirty-five years the faithful clerk. According to the annual report the affairs of Aspen Grove Cemetery, Bur- lington, la., are in a flourishing con- dition. At the meeting all the old offi- cers were reelected, including Supt. P. H. Christensen. A number of improve- ments were carried out during 1909, including a concrete bridge over the creek. The total receipts were $8,760.18, which included $5,288.75 sale of lots and partial payments ; burial permits, $1,304.50 ; single lots, $439 ; care of lots, $764.50, etc. Total disbursements, $8,- 670.20, in which appear : for labor, $2,- 966.98; land purchase, $1,566; salaries, $1,775 ; concrete culvert, $208.76, etc. The permanent fund amounts to $23,- 940.40 and the contribution fund, $13,- 150. The annual report of the commis- sioners of Hope Cemetery, Worcester, Mass., show receipts for 1909 amount- ing to $27,218.99; the chief items being: Sale of lots, $8,089 ; digging graves. $4,548.83; care of lots, $2,664; dividends from perpetual care fund, $5,080.65. The expenditures equaled the receipts, the main expenditures being for sal- aries and wages, which amounted to $17,756.31. For planting material, $604.86 was spent. Several fine mon- uments were erected as well as a beau- tiful mausoleum. A new shelter house is needed, and fencing and cement walks should be provided, and an ap- propriation of $6,000 is asked. Great improvements have been made of late years in this cemetery, and the com- missioners report that the weed killer was used to advantage. An average of 17 men were employed during the win- ter. The annual report of Supt. J. C. Cline, Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, O., shows that 29,011 square feet of lots were sold during the year, of which 11,398 were under perpetual care provisions, while deposits were made for 20,880 square feet previously sold, making a total area of 439,620 square feet, or 10.09 acres, now under perpetual care. In sodding graves 79,000 square feet of sod were used. Grave markers to the number of 631 were set and 23 founda- tions for monuments built, and for all purposes 6,234 cubic feet of concrete were used. The most important work done was the building of the tunnel un- der Stewart street to connect the cem- etery with the 28 acres of land acquired not long since. There were 929 inter- ments during the year, making a total of 31,713. An average of 42 men per month were employed during the year. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS The 'improvement and beautifying of St. Mary’s Cemetery, Wilkes-barre, Pa., for which plans were adopted by the late Monsignor R. A. McAndrew, re- cently deceased, will be carried out in all probability by the superintendent, Michael Gallagher. Several acres near the entrance were platted last year and in the rear an ideal place for vaults along the hillside was selected. An en- larged entrance with stone pillars and ornamental gates is under way, and bet- ter roads and drainage, the abolishment of small fences and railings about the lets, more uniformity in the placing of monuments and headstones and the en- forcement of rules and regulations, are contemplated in the new order of things. A mortuary chapel is being considered, and landscape features will be promi- nent. The cemetery committee of Abilene Cemetery, Abilene, Kas., has added 20 acres to the cemetery, which is to be laid out by a landscape architect. A soldiers’ monument will be built later. ROAD IN DANBURY. CONN., MADE DUSTLESS WITH TARVIA Tarvia’s Success in Danbury In 1908 certain stretches of macadam road in Danbury, Connecticut, were treated with Tarvia for the prevention of dust and the preservation of the roadway. A year later, Mr. Woodin, Superintendent of Public Works, writes us as follows: “The Tarvia used last season has given entire satisfaction and far exceeded our expectation, and has done more than you claim for it. It is the only binder for macadam roads which is proof against modern traffic. The four destructive agents working against good roads, viz., frost, heavy rains, drought and motor vehicles, seem to make no impression where Tarvia is used.” Tarvia is the only preparation for macadam roads which has been used largely enough to produce a large number of testimonials such as the above. Other road preservatives and dust layers point triumphantly to a meagre handful of successes, but Tarvia has become standard. Many millions of gallons of Tarvia are successfully used annually. The method of application is simple and results certain. There are three kinds of Tarvia to suit varying road conditions: Tarvia X — used as a binder in constructing new macadam roads; Tarvia A and — used in surface treatment to preserve the road and make it dustless. Booklets oil request Barrett Manufacturing Company New York Cincinnati Chicago Minneapolis Philadelphia '^| Pittsburg Boston St. Louis Cleveland Kansas City New Orleans London, Eng. 229 PARK AND CEMETERY . TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An Index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- variations, thus: S. L. 8:67-8, Feb. 09, means; Suburban Life, vol. 8, pages 67 8, February, 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. American Botanist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 76c year; 20c copy. American City, The (Am. C.), Chicago, $1.00 year; 10c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 6c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Canadian Florist. The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), $2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.60 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The. New York City (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chaut.), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Etxchange, New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.0.0 year; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Fruit Grower (F. G.), St. Joseph, Mo., $1.00 a year; 10c copy. Garden Magazine, New York City (G. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 15c. Civic Improvements, Home Grounds Cincinnati Municipal Art. \V. W. Tay- lor. .Am. C. 2-16-18. Jan. TO. Care of Surface Water at Street Inter- sections. S. D. Newton. M. E. 38; 11-14. Jan., TO. Characteristic Features of American Cities. I. K. Pond. Illust. Ohio Architect and Builder. Cleveland. 15:41-44. Jan., TO. Cincinnati’s New Billboard Regulations. Hon. J. W. Peck. Illust. Am. C. 2:11-14. Jan., ’10. Field Stone Used in Building Bunga- low. Illust. Beautiful Homes. St. Louis. 3 :5. Feb., ’10. Government by Commission in Colo- rado Springs. W. D. Foster. Sur. 23:502-4. Jan. 8, ’10. How to Start a Municipal Gymnasium. E. B. Mero. Illust. Am. C. 2 ;23- 28. Jan., ’10. Interesting Type of Suburban Home. Illust. Beautiful Homes. St. Louis. 3:13. Feb., TO. Interest in Civic Improvement. C. M. Robinson. Cr. 17:425-8. Jan., TO. New Surface for Roads. Harper’s Weekly. New York. 54:27. Jan. 1, TO. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. A.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt, Germany (German), G'. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.00 year; single copy. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy. 5c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and G'arden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Meehan’s Garden Bulletin, German- town, Philadelphia (M. G, B.) 50c year; 5c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeltung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. (N. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Pacific Municipalities, San Francisco (P. M.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Revue Horticole, Paris (Rev. Hort.), French, $4.50 year; 50c copy. Scientific American, New York (Scl. Am.), $3.00 year; 10c copy. Suburban Life, New York (S. L.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Survey, New York (Sur.), $2.00 year; 10c copy. Woodland and Roadside, Boston (W. R.), 50c year; single copy, lOc. One Town’s Artistic Soldiers’ Monu- ment. O. H. Sample. Illust. S. L. 10 :70. Feb., TO. Plan of Cincinnati. Geo. E. Kessler. Illust. Am. C. 2:3-7. Jan., ’10. Planning and Planting Home Grounds. H. H. Shepard. Illust. Beautiful Homes. 3 :21. Feb., TO. Problems of Town Development. R. Eberstadt. Contemporary Review. New York. 96:660-7. Dec., ’09. Stud)’ of the New Plan of Chicago. E. W. Elliot. Illust. Century, New York. 79:417-31. Jan., ’10. Smoke Abatement in Cincinnati. M. Nelson. Illust. Am. C. 2:8-10. Jan., ’10. The Massachusetts Civic Conferences. E. T. Hartman. Am. C. 2 :29-32. Jan., ’10. Town Planting in Theory and in Prac- tice: The Work of Raymond Unwin. G. Stickley. Illust. Cr. 17 ;391-401. Jan., ’10. Gardens and Landscape Gardening American Homes and Cardens. C. D. Davies. Illust. A. H. G. 7 :14-16. Jan., ’10. Colonial Garden Down South. H. A. Hays. Illust. C. L. A. 17:287-90. Jan., ’10. Forming an Association of German Gardeners. Illust. G. K. 12:: 13-16. Jan., ’10. German Gardener’s Study Trip to Eng- land. R. Hoeman. Illust. G. K 12:9-12. Jan., ’10. Garden Enrichments. H. B. 27 :31. Jan., ’10. Japanese Garden Art. C. K. Schneider. Illust. G. K. 12:1-8. Jan., ’10. Midwinter Gardens of New Orleans. G. W. Cable. Illust. Scribner’s. New York. 47-58-70. Jan., ’10. The Witchery of a California Garden. Alice MacGowen. Illust. S. L. 10:63. Feb., ’10. The Construction of the Hoe for Vari- ous Operations. Max Ringelmann. Illust. Revue Horticole. Paris, France. 82:20-21. Jan., ’10. Parks, Cemeteries, Public Grounds Bituminized Macadam Road at Morris- town, N. J. Illust. G. R. M. 11 :25 Jan. ’10. Bituminous Highway Construction. C. A. Kenyon. M. E. 38 :85-88. Feb., ’10. Construction and Maintenance of Coun- ty Highways. F. C. Evans. G. R. M. 11:17. Jan., ’10. Concrete Park Furniture. O. H. Sam- ple. Illust. Cement. Newi York. 10:263. Jan., ’10. Crowns of Pavements. G. C. Warren. Illust. M. E. 38:88-91. Feb., ’10. Comparative Road Tests at Cornell University. Illust. M. E. 38 :92-95. Feb., ’10. Making Shale Subgrade on Quick- Sand Hill. Illust. G. R. M. 11 :l-5. Jan., ’10. Possibilities of Portland Cement as a Road Material. L. W. Page. 11: 27-8. Jan., ’10. Possibilities of the Use of Mineral Oils Mixed with Concrete. A. Moyer. M. E. 38 :95-97. Feb., ’10. Road Construction and Drainage. W. R. Goit. G. R. M. 11:19-21. Jan., ’10. Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Etc. A Progressive New Jersey Firm. Il- lust. N. N. 18 :419-21. Jan., ’10. Best Way to Shade a Greenhouse. E. J. Canning. C. L. A. 17 :366. Jan., ’10. Cheeriest Evergreen in Winter. Illust. C. L. A. 17:312. Jan., ’10. Economic Entomology in the United States. Nature. New York. 82; 108-9. Nov. 25, ’09. English Effects with Hardy Bog Plants. W. Miller. Illust. G. M. 11 :12-14. Feb., ’10. PARK AND CEMETERY. V ESTABLISHED 1890 Devoted to the Improvement of Parki, Cemeteries, Public and Private Grounds Published on the 15tb of the Month by R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St., Chicago EDITORS John W. Weston O. H. Sample Subscription, $1.00 a Year. ] Essential Operations in Horticulture. A. H. G. 7:sup. 13. Jan., ’10. Flower Bed That Is Attractive in Win- ter. Illust. C. L. A. 17:312. Jan., ’10. Facts About Spraying. M. Phillips. F. G. 21:31:32. Jan., ’10. How We Grow Bog Plants. K. E. Gillett. Illust. C. L. A. 17:278. Jan., ’10. Hedges for the Northwest. C. L. Mel- ler. Illust. G. M. 11:20-23. Feb., ’10. Insect and Plant Disease Control. N. N. 18:430. Jan., ’10. Lime for Spraying Purposes. O. S. Watkins. F. G. 21:35. Jan., ’10. Life Saving Feats of Tree Roots. J. E. Rogers. Illust. C. L. A. 17 :314. Jan., ’10. Nineteenth Annual Meeting of Amer- ican Carnation Society. Illust. F. E. 29:168-171. Jan. 29, ’10. New Life in Old Trees. J. H. McFar- land. Illust. S. L. 10 :64. Feb., ’10. Plant Novelties from China. S. W. Wilson. Illust. Hort. 11 :145-46. Jan. 29, ’10. Pictorial Effects Lfnder Glass. Illust, C. L. A. 17 :313. Jan., ’10. Spraying for Coddling Moth. E. D. Ball. Illust. F. G. 21:16-18. Jan., ’10. Spraying Suggestions. W. H. Chan- dler. F. G. 21:20-22. Jan., ’10. To Make Spray Mixtures. O. T. Ever- hart, M. D. F. G. 21:32-33. Jan., ’10. RESERVOIR IRON VASES and LAWN SETTEES Manufactured by McDonald Brothers 108-114 Liberty St. COLCMBCS OHIO Send for Catalogue TREES and SHRUBS of VALUE Nursery Stock that is acclimated to the Northwest is of value to the planter. It contains more vitality, has more and better roots. We make a specialty of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, etc., for Parks and Cemeteries. If you are interested write for our Wholesale Price List and Illustrated Catalogue, Our Landscape Department is at your service. If you intend making any improvement you should consult with us. Cornus Siberica cAlba. — Red T'layigged Dog%ood. A most beautiful Shrub as well as a hedge plant; for winter effect its stems and branches are a bright crim- son. Unlike many of the other Dogwoods, it is suited for hedge work, as many of them will not stand pruning. This variety originated in Siberia and is a special strain there being a number of others much like it, but not so hardy or brightly colored, its hardiness and winter col- oring makes it very atiractive for City Hedging; it is also valuable for clumping in shrubs. L. L. May &. Co. Nurserymen and Landscape Architects St. Paul, Minn. A Hedge of Cornus Siberica, THE “VELVETLAWN” SEEDER DEPOSITS THE SEED In the Ground — Not on Top Sow graps seed when conditions are right — wind or no wind. The rain cannot wash the seed away, the wind cannot blow it to some other place. Birds do not get It, because it is In the ground. All old sodls root bound. and thecuttlngactlon of the discs relieves this condition, cultivates the grass roots and puts new seed In the soil and properly covers It. You can sow as much or little seed as desired. This machine has positive force feeds, and each feed puts in every seed trench an absolutely equal amount of seed. No seed is wasted. If you want a pure, smooth, velvety lawn, sow pure- bred lawn seed in the ground with a ’* Velvetlawn ” Seeder. If you want a miscellaneous collection of weeds, sod your lawn. Smooth, Velvety Lawns, Golf Greens and grass plots are produced with *‘Velvetlawn'* Seeders at a trifling cost. “Velvetlawn” Seeders sow ground sheep manure, bone meal, ground lime and screened wood ashee. Only machine In the world that will put them In the ground on a lawn. It is alsoanldeal machine for sowing garden seeds, such as onions.radlshes, carrots, lettuce, etc. Can be regulated to drill 8, 4, 6, 8, and so on, up to 16 inches between rows. It assures an even distribution of seed, uniformity of depth and regularity between rows. WRITE TO-DAY FOR OUR NEW CATALOG. IT IS FREE VELVETLAWN SEEDER CO. Box 576 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO U. S. A. ITTTAX/ C C/^Ul\yiir^ Importer and Exporter of LiU \y • Oa OGniYllJLr Fancy Poultry of All Kinds White and Black Swans, Mandrakes, Wood Ducks, Peafowls, White and Pearl Guinea Fowls, Pheas- ants, Squirrels, etc. - - Send for Catalog 712 12th St., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. VI PARK AND CEMETERY. Here’s A Green- House Suggestion If you have a certain square of ground for your green- houses, say, between a build- ing and a drive or between two walks, a layout like this is a good one. It’s attractive, practical to heat, easy to work and one house does not shade the other. The I I foot connecting houses are just the thing for doing small lots of propagating. Built with the Sectional Iron Frame Construction, gives you houses of great lightness and unmatched endurance. That’s why we build for parks all over the country. Send for catalog. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Irvington, N. Y. NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO St. James Building Tremont Building Heed Building The Rookery The Van Dorn Iron Works Co., Cleveland, Ohio We make a specialty of Iron Fence AND Entrances == TO ■ No. 122. Lawn Seat. All Steel CEMETERIES AND PARKS Also Large Manufacturers of Steel Lawn Seats, Iron Vases, Vault Doors and Vault Appliances Erected for Scripps Estate. Detroit, Mich., by us in 1908. Write us for catalogue and estimates Chase Monument, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City Erected by Harrison Granite Co. Mausoleums and High Grade Monuments To be assured of the greatest degree of permanence attainable and the mini- mum of expense for future care of mausoleums their construction should be entrusted only to reliable contrac- tors. We have had years of experience in executing orders of this kind and will direct prospective buyers to speci- mens of our workmanship in different parts of the country. To Cemetery Officials: Inasmuch as our output is of the highest class, you will find it of material benefit to your cemeteries to direct prospective buyers of memorials to the advantages we extend. HARRISON GRANITE CO. Main Office 44 E. 23d Street New York Granite Works : BARRE, VT. PARK AND CEMETERY. / VII Transportation of Plants and Cut Flowers. H. E. Philpott. A. F. 33: 1368. Jan. 22, TO. The San Jose Scale. Illust. Rural New Yorker, N. Y. 69:73. Jan. 22, To. The American Nursery Co., Theo. Foulk, president; Wm. Flemer, vice president and treasurer, have established their new sales department at 149 Broadway under new management, F. W. Kelsey being no longer connected with the company. The growing de- partments are as heretofore conducted at Flushing, N. Y., and Springfield, N. J., where the company has extensive nurseries. Forest and Ornamental Seedling s 100 M. Hamamelis Virginica transplanted, 2 to 6 ft. Fine. 10 M. Sweetgum 3 to 8 ft. 20 M. Tulip Poplar 4 to 10 ft. 10 M. Carolina Poplars 6 to 12 ft. 100 M. Calycanthus, Sweet Shrub, 2 to 3 ft. Large stock W alnuts, Red Bud, Sweetgum, Ash, Elm, Sycamore, Catalpa Speciosa, Black Locust, California Privet and various other seedlings at lowest prices. Send for list. FOREST NURSERY CO. McMinnville, Tenn. The Kelly- Springfield Road Roller Company Springfield, Ohio Steam Road Rollers All Types All Sizes Send for Catalog Results in Cemetery or Park Work write H. R. COTTA Landscape Architect and Engineer Rockford, 111. Booklet, " The Landscape Beautiful," mailed free SID. J. HARE LAlNDSCAPE ARCHITECT KANSAS CITY. MO. 3224 Campbell Street FRANK H. NUTTER Landscape Architect and Engineer 710 Sykes Bldg., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Advices, Sketches, Designs or full Work- ing- Plans for Cemeteries, Parks, and Pub- lic or Home Grounds. Surveys made if re- quired. Correspondence solicited. City Park Engineer. DREERS CARDEN BOOK Get this book for cultural notes on How to Grow Flowers from Seeds — 1200 varieties list- ed; on How to Raise Vege- tables — 600 varieties given ; and for descriptions and prices of 200J plants, besides hardy shrubs, climbers, small fruits, etc. Over 1000 illustrations. Mailed free to anyone mentioning this publication . Variegated ‘Leaved Nasturtiums i The Q leen of Nasturtiums, charming for borders, porch boxes, baskets, etc. The leaves are beautifully variegated white, gold and green and with flowers as varied as the ordi- nary sorts. TEN UT. PER PK.T. **Garden Book^’ free with each order HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia and Gates for Parks and Cemeteries OVER 200 DESIGNS Also Vases, Settees, Fountains, Etc. Agents Wanted— Send for catalogs and particulars. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 1748 COVINGTON STREET - CINCINNATI, OHIO Largest Makers of Iron Fence in the World. Over half a century of fair dealing has srlven our products that prom- inence which merit deserves. Everything of the best for Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park, Street, Garden and Greenhouse SeedSy Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Shrubs, Small Trees, Etc* by mail, postpaid — safe arrival and satisfaction, guaranteed. Hundreds of carloads df FRUIT ANU ORNAMENTAL TREES. If in want of Fruit or Ornamental Trees, Shj'ubs, etc., send for Catalogue No. 1, 112 pages. If Seeds, Bulbs, Roses, Palms, Ferns, Geraniums and Greenhouse Plants ir general, Oatalo^e No. 2, 1^ pages; both FREE. Immense stock of superb and choice OANNA8— the queen of bedding plants. P.fEONIE8 and other perennial hardy plants in large supply. Direct deal will insure you the best and save you money. 56 years. 1^ acres, 44 greenhouses. (6) THE STORES & HARRISON CO., Box 99, Painesville, Ohio. VIII PARK AND CEMETERY . Shade and Ornamental Trees Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Perennials IVE HAVE A EINE ASSORTMENT OE LARGE SPECIMEN SHRUBS SEND US YOUR LIST OE WANTS EOR QUOTATIONS MAYWOOD NURSERY CO. Wholesale Growers MAYWOOD, ILL. I 'HE Bomgardner Manufacturing Co., will be pleased to forward cuts and descriptive matter of their output to any one who has use for a Lowering Device, a Cemetery Truck for conveying bodies from vaults and funeral cars to the grave, and also a special Elevator Truck for receiving vaults, so constructed that one man can place in or remove from the crypt, any size casket. The Bomgardner Manufacturing Co. Cleveland, Ohio Large stock, both seedlings and transplants, of Spruce, Pines, Firs, Cedars, Arbor-Vitaes, Hemlocks, Junipers, Yews. Millions of seedlings, also fine stock of specimens in larger sizes Poorest Seedlings Immense stock of Catalpa Speciosa, Black Locust, Maples, Oaks, Lindens, Beech, Chestnut, Ash, Walnut, Elm, Box Elder, Birch, European Larch. | Catalog now ready. Send your list for estimates, and mention this magazine. D. HILL, Evergr^on Specialist Box a Dundee, 111. PARK AND CEMETERY . IX USE OF HOLLIES ( Continued from va-ge 222. ) be set out in the ground, if so desired, or be kept in its tub and used again for future embellishment of the dwelling in- doors or out. Our illustration shows one in a tub unusually full of berries. Such a one always sells well, because the berries are the chief concern, though when not so heavily berried as this is the leaves would be larger and more abundant. In this case our plant has overdone it- self in producing berries, hence its scant foliage. All hollies are not berry bearing, some have male flowers only, some fe- male, while others have perfect ones. Hence in procuring one it must be seen to that it is berry bearing, or take the chances of what kind it may be. Even when it is one with berries it does not follow that it is a perfect flowered one; it may be a female which had been fer- tilized with pollen from another plant, but, of course, it is certainly not a male. Another red berried evergreen holly is the Ilex corunta, a handsome foliaged species from Japan, which, unfortun- ately, is not hardy enough for general cultivation North. It has stood out WE invite intending pur- chasers and those of our friends who have not yet received our catalogue to write for it at once. It is undoubtedly the most valuable and most artistic seed catalogue published. We mail it free. J. M. Thorburn Co. 33 Barclay St., through to 3 Park Place, New York Trade yWark — Red Tag F'ruit and Oi-name>ntal, Shrulbs, Rosesy BLtlb>s and Send for Descriptive Priced Catalog FREE. 600 Acres. 13 Greenhouses. Established 1852. F*t-IOEINi:x: INURSERY CO. 1305 yVVAIIS STREET Bloon^lngton, 111. Trees, Shrubs, Hardy Plants In all departments — for Parks and Cemeteries Large Planting Lists, Specimens, Hardy Rhododendrons, Rhododendron Maximum, Kalmia Latifolia in car lots, are some of our specialties Particular attention to Quality, Packing and Shipping. See our catalog of Spring Specialties and let us quote you prices. >F. W. KELSEY NURSERY COMPANY, Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Roses, Peonies, etc. We have a splendid assortment of well grown hardy stock adapted to Cemetery and Park Planting. One of the most complete and best equipped Nursery Plants in the United States. £ MAPLES — Silver, Hard, Norway, Sycamore, Weir’s, Purple Leaved. ELM — American White BIRCH — European White and Cut Leaved. LINDEN — European. POPLARS — Carolina, Lombardy. SYCAMORE — Norway. TULIP Trees. Submit us your list of wants, for we are always pleased to quote you prices. Complete Price List on application. MOUNT ARBOR NURSERIES Established 1875. E. S. WELCH, Proprietor. SHENANDOAH, lA., Box 327 LANDSCAPE GARDENINQ By F. A. Waugh An admirable treatise on the general principles governing outdoor art, with many suggestions for their application to the commoner problems of gardening. Illustrated, 12 mo. Cloth; price, $0.50. Sent postpaid by R. J. HAIGHT, 324 Dearborn Street CHICAGO. ILLINOIS STONE GRAVE VAILTS The best underground vault on the market. Made in sections. Easily handled. Requires no mechanics in setting. Beautiful color, strong, dur- able, cheap. Ready for use. SOUTHERN OHIO VAULT CO. Quarries, Mills and Offices ncDERHOTT, OHIO Used and Recommended by Leading Cemeteries ’ You can’t keep these vaults — they sell. Sold direct from quarries to Ceme- tery Associations. No middle man’s profit. Many cemeteries enjoy a sub- stantial income from the sale of these vaults. Write at once for prices. Stone tfrave and lot markers cheap as clay markers X PARK AND CEMETERY . doors in winter at Philadelphia when well protected. There has come into general cultiva- tion of late years another one of ever- green character, Ilex crenata, also from Japan. It has small, neat, pretty leaves, grows bushy, and quickly, too, but, un- fortunately, its berries are black. Had they been red the demand for it would be much greater than it is today. There is in the Southern States a pretty evergreen holly. Ilex cassine, but it cannot be planted outside of that lo- cation. Besides these of evergreen nature there are many of deciduous character, known to many under the name of Prinos, one of them, the verticillatus, is a common shrub of the Northern States, and it, too, finds itself called on for Christmas decorations, and, as with the evergreen sorts, one must be care- ful that a berried plant be selected for planting. Joseph Meehan. Baker’s Waterproof Grave Linings and Earth Covers furnish the neatest and best decora- tion for a grave. Write for samples of goods. B aker Bros. & Co. Tfflan, 0. BEAUTIFUL ! NOVEL ! VALUABLE ! THE Newest Lilacs Double and Sintfle Extraordinary Offering The improvement in the Lilac, especially in the double sorts, is marvelous, and all lovers of this flower will be delighted with these novelties. In size, form and color they far surpass the old favorites and we confidently recommend them to our patrons. Nothing that has been introduced recently is likely to prove so popular as the new Lilacs. A beautiful illustrated booklet on Lilacs will be mailed on request, also our Illustrated General Catalogue, which contains accurate and trust- worthy descriptions of the best FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES AND HARDY PLANTS Mount ELLWANGER ^ BARRY Hope Nurseries ROCHESTER. N. Y. We Want Your Name on our Mailing List The Steel Basket Co. 711 S. Third St., CEDAR RAPIDS, lA. Clean-up Time BE PREPARED WITH AN EASY DUMP CART LIGHT - STRONG -- DURABLE ALL STEEL — FIVE SIZES FENCE CO S. SENATE I N D I A N A P OL I S . INDIANA. AVENUE ORNAMENTAL 200 DESIGNS. ^qVEN WIRE. LAWN AND GARDEN FENCE. CHEAP AS WOOD. OUNDR Y 288 ENTERPRISE ORNAMENTAL IRON PICKET FENCES AND ENTRANCE GATES. CATALOG FREE. TOWNSEND MOWERS HAND MOWERS AND HORSE MOWERS This Lever Raises the Knives. All Our Hand Mowers Are Ball Bearing SENT ON THEIR MERITS Write for Catalog S. P. Townsend Co. ORANGE. N. J. PARK AND CEMETERY. XI CLASSIFIED ADS 70 cents a line each insertion : 6 words to a line: minimum Price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by the 8th of the month. Hardy Stock HARDY NORTHERN GROWN PLANTS. We grow a general line of hardy and healthy nursery stock for the cemetery and home grounds. EVERGREENS AND RHODODENDRONS in specimens, sev- erai times transplanted. Catalogues and price lists free. The Bay State Nurs- eries, North Abington, Mass. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS For Pall or Early Spring Planting. PEONIES — 3 to 5 eye Division, splendid varieties for Parks and Cemeteries, 110 varieties. PHLOX — Field-grown, 35 varieties, fine assortment of colors; some choice new varieties. IRIS — German, 17 named choice varieties; Japan. 12 varieties, single and double. YUCCA — Pilamentosa, 3 year clumps. Price list free. Address The Frank H. Wild Floral Co., Sarcoxie, Mo. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS : Strong, well-grown plants at reasonable rates. Send for trade price-list Daniel A. Clarke, Red Oak Nurseries, Fiskevllle, R. I. I WANTED I HELP WANTED. WANTED — Competent man as superin- tendent of growing cemetery; must be ac- quainted with the business and experi- enced in selling lots. Address B-9, care Park and Cemetery. SITUATIONS WANTED. WANTED — A landscape gardener hav- ing to his credit large and successful work, capable of making planting plans and taking full executive charge, wishes an engagement. Address Z. H., care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — Young married man 35 years of age wishes position as manager or superintendent of first-class cemetery; understand the business thoroughly in every respect; especially designing of modern cemetery grounds, gardening and the handling of men; best of references can be given. Address L. B., care Park and Cemetery. WANTED POSITION as superintendent of park system; references and qualifica- tions will be furnished on request. Ad- dress B-11, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — Situation as assistant super- intendent in a large cemetery; will give good references and qualifications. Ad- dress B-12, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — Position as superintendent of park or cemetery by a man of wide experience in this line of work; would like position in Western state; best of refer- ences given. Address B-10, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED-— Position as cemetery super- intendent; extensive experience in ceme- tery development and management; 18 years superintendent; best of references as to character and ability from former employers. Address B-3, care Park and Cemetery. WANTED — Landscape gardener, talent- ed, good character, able to plan and exe- cute, wishes to become superintendent of park or cemetery, where his abilities might find appreciation; long connected with leading cemetery of the East; mod- erate salary. Address Park and Cemetery, Box 4. Order Your Supplies From dealers who advertise in : : : PARK and CEMETERY And always mention the Paper when yon write. WHITE GLAZED XERRA-COXT/V GRAVE and lot markers DURABLE AS GRANITE WHITE AS MARBLE CHEAP AS WOOD Write at once for Prices and Particulars. ALBRIGHT & LIGHTCAP CO., Limaville, Ohio (Successors to M. B. Mishler, Ravenna, Ohio.) Made 3 inch, 3)4 inch, 4 inch and 6 inch diameters, 8, 10 and 12 inch lengths, and all kinds of top marks. Nearly white in color and practically everlasting. Made under HAASE CONCRETE WKS. patents No. 680,432 and 734,864. For circulars and prices. Address OAK PARK, ILL. Cemeteries West of Rockies. Address, Pasadena, Calif. Galvanized Cast Iron Grave &Lot Marks “A Guarantee 'miih E-very Mark” BERGER MEG. CO. CINCINNATI, 0. Marks for all Requirements 4227-4229 Fergus St., Catalog on Request A Couple of Recommendations That Need No Explanations Board of Managers Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, III., Aug. 13, 1909 Doddridge Grave Decora- ting Co., Milton, Ind. Gentlemen: — You may send us again by freight fifty grave linings as had before, and on the same terms. Yours truly, B. A. Lange, Pres. Board of Managers Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, III., Dec. 6, 1909 The Doddridge Grave De- corating Co., Milton, Ind. Gentlemen:— I request you to please send us 50 of the Grave Linings as had before; ship by freight to J. M. Gaupp, Supt., Oak Ridge Cemetery; but send bill to me. Yours tmily, B. A. Lange, Pres. The Doddridge Grave Decorating Co. Milton^ Ind. CEMETERY RECORDS Send for specimen pages and prices R. J. HAIGHT 324 Dearborn St. Chicago XII PARK AND CEMETERY . Durfce Grave Dirt Cover— Made in oval form, of green duck, 9 feet 6 inches by 12 feet. Durfee Grave Linintf will fit any grave, is a handsome design and has been engraved at a large expense. Our cir- cular shows four other pat- terns. Durfee Grave Tents are made with detachable walls and provide protec- tion against storm, wind or sun. We make 126 different sizes and qualities. Durfee Lowering Device telescopes in length and width and may be used for any size grave and is practically three devices in one; it is absolutely reliable and the most compact for carrying; the price is short too. Delivered in two handsome carrying cases. DURFEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan The AUSTIN Motor Lawn Mower and Roller THE AUSTIN-WESTERN CO., Ltd., Dept. P. C. Fulton Bldg., New York Manhattan Bldg., Chicago marks a new era in the care of Parks, Cem- eteries, Estates, etc., by its improved de- sign and powerful construction. It is durable and stands up to the hardest work. A fair trial and liberal guarantee are given Leading Country Clubs are using them’ such as: — Midlothian, Homewood, Ravisloe and Wheaton (all of Chicago) Houvenkopf (N.Y.) Potter { Calif. ) Springfield (Mass.) Omaha (Nebr.), etc., etc. .-- •V.jrfviV > vj;./V-'V-w V.r - ■ -V 1. ^ it ^ ^ '' 'V'>' •< ■'.^' ••. /••• V.' ‘ ; ^ ^ ^Vi£v ^ - ; ■f' ' . ■ »*:.••*•', •. V '.•■..'■-v^ : ■'•■ '.. .::% . : . r .-r.j '• ..^ v‘ ■ .'.'v -V.' V ■ ' ■y;-.- ' i ■ ... .jtVr ■W- - ’•• ^ -"v J •■ <- 1, N ^ 4 « > ' < " -^s ~ >^1 r* > ^ 1. s.>- / i ’^ }• t J 4, ' i 'V ’ vi m * ^ ' 1 ' ’ * fe( t-!, fv-A « -j-V ^ 5 "* 5"‘/ ’ >,',1 •5%''>* ^ w t')' J. -.< ' -Ij* 4V" - '' V ^ V" ? ' . .'^ .•/. .-• ' >7 ^ r** ■'» /■ K '•%'-*'’ ^ 5 ^ 'V . / - - , '/ - - / 7 ' 4 - 4 4-v?’ ' /s ‘C'' , , I- ■'J ^ A "V ^ I'i •v: ',. > .-1 "V:(V*S' ^ V "‘K \ ^ -Sv. ^ 'S^*?-' w. * V/ t)] ^ - \’ l_ f W ^ c J «'>* 4 . ^ I ^ /.V'- ’'-■^7 •fe> « ¥!ir <47 /• ’I •■■. / r^k- ;■ ; '< 's , ,--7->. :4«:'k k :--' -.4„< ' f- * '>' ” 7 -■■ •> , ^ ^ 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ 5 - ~ ’M; 4 , 4 ^ ',Vkvv <, vr< 1 . -‘V V- ' . ; ‘7 V tV> ifC-'Tf V '■’ f4 '""' ■“ ■’ " " ^ > "; V "-i ^ ^ ^ I ■ -V-.- 4.,40>^; ^ 7^.. <---„ j ,v ti-* . J . '• A i 'i V ’ K "4- 4'4-J'^ . - iL.-V V W* r >• " \ .1 A'* > i^} i vS'v •_ .•:, 'V - -.r i-S<'.-v*y' • ■• .Wc;*'^'-.!**! j .•4/r:»rjiryt7.;' - *'•14'' ''->4 *"/■"■ ■■% ^ ■••.•-7y.>Tir..vL-7':N-^: ,• ".xV:;-; V >>^ -* -^i!' S.2 ».<»T/i< * Evanston, 111., is fortunate in the matter of donations of park lands. As has been noted, Mr. James A. Patten, a short time since, donated to the city a piece of land valued at about $45,000. Farther to the north of this the muni- cipality owned another plat, and to make the two plats more available for park purposes the Northwestern Uni- versity has made a gift of the land be- tween them. This piece is valued at $20,000. The city now owns a strip of land about three-quarters of a mile in length between Sheridan road and the lake, valued at about $250,000. The work of improvement will be left until next year. * * * In order to pave the way for the pur- chase of South Cheyenne and Seven Falls, Colorado Springs will hold a special election to amend the charter to make the deal possible. The park com- mission is anxious to go ahead with the purchase of this desirable addition to its park system. In exchange for the remission of the 1909 taxes and some paving assess- ments the officials of the Protestant Home for the Aged, Milwaukee, Wis.,. propose to give that city a transfer tract of land opposite their Home for park purposes. For some years an ef- fort has been made to secure this prop- erty. * * The park commissioners of Memphis^ Tenn., have decided to provide a pub- lic park exclusively for negroes, and are investigating sites. Only a few of the smaller squares and Court Square are open to the colored people, and the belief is growing that these people have been neglected. A gift from a lady of $5,000 for this purpose was offered, provided the new park be located in a certain locality. Jft * * Secretary Dickinson has made a re- port to Congress urging the creation of a national park on the American site of Niagara Falls to preserve the beauties of the rapids, falls and gorges, the scenic features of which are being de- stroy^ed. * * * The Southern Pacific Company has leased at a nominal rental and for an indefinite period a half of its reserva- tion, east of the main line, in Redding, Calif., solely, for public park purposes. The improvement of the plat will en- tail considerable expense on the part of the city, but it will be the making of a beauty spot in the heart of Redding. * * * The Malden, Mass., Civic Associa- tion is working hard to bring the out- lying parks and playgrounds of the city into a comprehensive and connected system. To inform those interested in the matter a stereopticon lecture by Mr. Arthur A. Shurtleff, landscape architect of the Metropolitan Park Commission, was given under the asso- ciation’s auspices, and the plans clear- ly explained. * * * Mr. L. P. Jensen, landscape archi- tect of St. Louis, has been called to- Altus, Okla., to formulate a plan for the future development of the little city. It is a rapidly growing city of 4,000 inhabitants and the scheme is- provided for 25,000 within a few years. It has no expensive structures to in- terfere with the general design or its future growth. Mr. Jensen writes that he is planning for a civic center of six city blocks, with proposed Union station, and court house, to be erected this summer, and plenty of room is left for future municipal buildings. Eight radiating thorough- fares will start from this center into the surrounding country, which will % mi PARK NEWS. ^v I! i' 4. PARK AND CEMETERY . 240 be intersected by an encircling park- way about two miles from the center. This parkway will touch a number of small playgrounds and open spaces, and also a large reservation surround- ing the city’s water reservoir; this •will form a lake of 150 acres. The citizens all are working in harmony and much public spirit is being dis- played in this very admirable venture in providing for the future by a small city. The Parking Commission of New Orleans, La., created by ordinance last May, is vested with authority over trees on all the public highways of the city and to establish a nursery to supply same. It also has their care and maintenance. It is in fact a tree commission to inaugurate and carry out a systematic planting of the pub- lic streets. It is estimated that at least 150,000 trees will be needed, and under present conditions the commis- sion will have work on hand for years to come. It has .secured a well lo- cated plot of ten acres which has been prepared for nursery purposes, and a large number of seedling trees set out, as well as seeds sown. The com- mission is composed of practical men, who will undoubtedly make good in their work. The Association of Cites-Jardins of France, which might be explained as an association to promote civic embellishment and outdoor improve- ment is making a vigorous campaign to increase its membership and pro- mote the good work for which it was organized. It published papers, dis- cussed the questions arising from ex- pert experience and American prog- ress and practice is given much at- tention. It has a collection of some 10,000 photographs and 2,000 stereop- ticon plates. At the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Landscape Architects the following officers were elected: Charles N. Lowrie, New York, president; Warren H. Man- ning, Boston, vice-president; H. A. Caparn, New York, treasurer, and Charles D. Lay, New York, secretary. Airs. Sarah C. Durbin and children of Harrisburg, Pa., have donated a plot of six acres of wood land, known as Romberger’s grove, to the borough of Lykens as a memorial to the late Mr. J. C. Durbin, who was a well- known lawyer. Mrs. Durbin may probably add to the improvements. Cleveland, O., is still pushing her small park and playground projects, and the question of equipping the neighborhood centers are quickly as possible is being considered. The park board of Duluth, Minn., has recently purchased a piece of property, about 2j/^ acres in extent, for a park in the west end. It will be not only a breathing spot, but it will be improved with playground and skating rink. The board is looking up other pieces of desirable property. At a recent meeting of the Board of Park Commissioners of East St. Louis, the employment of Mr. Geo. E. Kessler, landscape architect, and the possible expenditure of $300,000, were authorized. Plans for a pro- posed boulevard and two new parks are to be submitted. The Rockford, 111., township park commission has recently purchased a forty-acre tract, adjacent to Sinissippi park for $16,080. Huntsville, Ala., has purchased the Calhoun block of land, opposite the post office, for $20,000. One quarter of the lot will be made a site for a Carnegie library, one quarter will be sold to the Y. AI. C. A., the middle part will be used for the New City hall, and the whole will be improved into a fine city park. The Kansas City, Kas., park board is considering the matter of establish- ing a small park and playground ad- joining the Emerson School. Senator Root has taken the pre- liminary steps for the establishment of a national park on the site of Fort Fisher, North Carolina. His bill au- thorizes the purchase by the govern- ment of some 1,800 acres, comprising the former site of the old fort, and $30,000 to pay for it. By the will of the late Alexander J. Reid, of Appleton, Wis., is be- queathed some 14 acres of land on the Fox river for park purposes. On it are a log cabin, cottage and stables. Louis F. Swift, the Chicago packer, has signified his willingness to donate a piece of land of about ten acres to the municipality of South San Fran- cisco, for park purposes. Mr. O. C. Simonds, the landscape gardener of Chicago, has recommend- ed to the town of Decatur, 111., to make a great public drive of the strip of land occupied as the right-of-way of the old Illinois and Michigan canal. It would make an ideal parkway drive at comparatively small cost, and could be improved on up-to-date lines. Joliet, III, has under consideration a proposition to purchase the large tract of land, known as Reed’s wood, for park purposes. Corhplaint is made that large areas of park property in the Borough of the Bronx, New York, property that for park comeliness cannot be sur- passed, is left to deteriorate and to absolute neglect, an inheritance of Tammany waste and carelessness. Some of it is used for dumping grounds by the street cleaning de- partment. The New York Press has taken the matter up and has been scoring the municipal authorities for the destruction and neglect of these park areas whose beauty and appro- priateness demand immediate care and attention. Aberdeen, Wash., is to have a park if the Civic Improvement Associa- tion can push its plans with the city fathers. Madera, Cal., has engaged expert advice to prepare a plan for beauti- fying its new court house park site. Pullman, Chicago, is to have two new small park sites, on one of which may be erected a monument to the late George M. Pullman. Washington Park is to be the name of a new park in Alankato, Minn., for which a plan of improvement has been prepared by Air. Max Pfaender. Alore than a quarter of a million of plants have been raised in the municipal greenhouses of St. Louis, Mo., the past fall and winter for use in the city parks, of which more than 125,000 will be needed in Forest Park alone. It is estimated that it requires about two months of hard work and a large force to put all the city’s parks in summer dress. The Circuit Court has ruled that the state act of 1909, creating a .$1,000,000 bond issue for use by the city of Memphis, Tenn., to complete its parkway system is constitutional, and overruled every demurrer pre- sented by the Southern Ry. to the bill brought by the city to condemn its Charleston yards. An amusing incident has occurred in connection with a new park of Mo- line, 111., for unless the matter is set- tled before its opening, a for sale sign will greet the eyes of visitors. It appears that a citizen has a tax title on the property, having for over two years paid the taxes, and unless the city reimburses him, he proposes to offer the park for sale to the high- est bidder. In consideration of private citizens donating $30,000 for park improve- ments, the city administration of La Crosse, Wis., has decided to abandon its plan of establishing a new water plant in Riverside park against the opposition of citizens. 1 241 PARK AND CEMETERY . DESTROYING MOLES AND POCKET GOPHERS Pocket gophers infest all the States and Territories west of the Mississippi, and parts of Illinois, Wisconsin, Flor- ida, Georgia, and Alabama. They occur also in southwestern Canada and over the greater part of Mexico. All the species live underground in ramifying tunnels, and all bring to the surface quantities of earth, which is heaped up in the shape of mounds. The habits of these animals are everywhere much the same. Park .\nd Cemetery has had several requests from cemetery super- intendents as to the best methods of ex- terminating these pests. Circular 52, Bureau of Biological Survey, Depart- ment of Agriculture, gives several prac- tical methods that may be adapted to the use of park and cemetery officials. Throughout their range pocket goph- ers are very destructive to crops. They eat the roots of fruit trees and in this way sometimes ruin whole orchards. They eat both roots and tops of clover, alfalfa, grasses, grains, and vegetables, and are especially harmful to potatoes and other tuberous crops. Besides this, they throw up innumerable mounds of earth in meadows, pastures, and grain fields, which cover and destroy far more of the crop than is eaten by the animals or killed by having the roots cut off. These mounds also prevent close mow- ing, so that much of the hay crop is lost, and the pebbles they contain often break or injure farm machinery. The loss due to gopher mounds in the clover and alfalfa fields in some of the West- ern States has been conservatively esti- mated at one-tenth of the entire crop. In many of the fertile valleys where they abound the animals are by far the most formidable of the farmer’s mam- malian enemies. In addition to all this. Type of Gopher Trap Successfully Used In California and Other Parts of the West. in the far west they burrow in the banks of irrigation ditches and thus cause extensive breaks, the repair of which results in the expenditure of much time and money. Pocket gophers may be destroyed by poison, by traps, and by the use of car- bon bisulphid. Poisoning with strychnine is the most effective means known for killing pock- et gophers, and, as it involves the least expenditure of money and labor, the Biological Survey recommends it for general use. As a rodent poison to be used by farmers, strychnine has several advantages. Its action is sure, its deadly character is known to most per- sons, and its bitter taste is an addition- al safeguard against mistaking it for a harmless drug. Strychnia sulphate is the most convenient form of the poison, since it is freely soluble in hot water and in the natural juices of vegetables used as bait. To disguise its bitterness so that rodents may not be deterred from eating the baits, sugar is often employed, or the strychnine may be mixed with its own bulk of commercial saccharine. A sugar sirup poisoned with strychnine may be used with ex- cellent results. It is prepared as fol- lows ; Dissolve an ounce of strychnia sul- phate in a pint of boiling water. Add a pint of thick sugar sirup, and stir thoroughly. The sirup is usually scent- ed by adding a few drops of oil of anise, but this is not essential. If preserved in a closed vessel, the sirup will keep indefinitely. The above quantity is sufficient to poison a half bushel of shelled corn or other grain (corn recommended). The grain is steeped in hot water and al- lowed to soak over night. It is then drained and soaked for several hours in the poisoned sirup. Before using, corn meal may be added to take up the excess of moisture. Dry crystals of strychnine also may be used. They are introduced, by means of a knife, into small pieces of potato, carrot, or sweet potato, or into entire raisins or dried prunes. A single large crystal (or several small ones) is enough for each bait. Raisins are es- pecially recommended because they are easily handled and contain enough su- gar to disguise the bitterness of the poison. Pocket gophers in ditch banks may be pcfisoned in the following manner : Se- lect the freshest hill or mound and with a narrow .garden trowel follow the soft earth of the tunnel until the main run- way as illustrated is reached. By not- ing the direction from which the earth was pushed out and locating the closed entrance, the burrow may be readily followed and the main runway quickly found. The poisoned raisin, corn, or small potato should be placed well back in the main runway and the open- ing closed. It is usual for one gopher only to occupy the burrows connected with a group of hills, and when the bur- row remains open it indicates that the animal has been killed. Trapping is a successful method when followed intelligently and persistently. It is especially adapted to small fields, orchards, gardens, and irrigation em- bankments, where only a few gophers are present; but in the case of large areas that are badly infested, the meth- od involves too much labor. For trapping gophers an ordinary No. 0 steel trap may be employed with success, but there are on the market several special gopher traps which are better adapted for general use. In usin.g the ordinary steel trap, the first step is to make an opening into the main gopher tunnel. The trap should then be sunk so that the jaws are level with the bottom of the run- way and lightly covered with green clover, alfalfa grass or even loose soil, care being taken that these do not clog under the pan, or trigger. No bait is Simple and Eftective Type of Gopher or Mole Trap, easily set in a variety of positions. I PARK AND CEMETERY. 242 required. The hole should be just large enough to receive the trap and should be covered so as almost to exclude the light. Scalding the trap frequently to remove the animal odor is important. Some of the special gopher traps possess the advantages of ease and sim- plicity of operation, and kill the ani- mals instantly. Two of these are shown in our illustrations. These special traps should be set in the laterals leading into the main tunnel of the gopher, or at the entrance of open burrows where fresh earth is being thrown out. The trapper should choose the freshest of a series of mounds and dig along the lateral until it is found clear of soil. Carbon, bisulphid has been employed for killing pocket gophers, and under favorable conditions its use is recom- mended. If the burrows are extensive or the soil dry, the gases are dissipated so rapidly that a large quantity of the liquid is required to kill the animals and the method becomes too expensive. If, however, the burrows are simple and the soil moist, bisulphid may be used successfully. For pocket gophers an ounce of liquid for each burrow is suf- ficient. The carbon bisulphid is poured over a bunch of cotton rags or other waste material, and this quickly pushed into the burrow, which should be closed at once. Any farmer may readily rid his prem- ises of gophers by the use of poison or traps. Unless, however, the entire com- munity unites in active and intelligent cooperation in the destruction of the animals, the cleared area will be sooner or later invaded from neighboring prem- ises, and the work of destruction must be repeated. Cooperation only will ef- fect a radical cure. When cooperative efforts for the extermination of goph- ers over a considerable area are at- tempted, careful attention must be giv- en to waste lands along fences, streams, public highways, and railroads. Such places are favorite haunts of the ani- mals, because in them are found loose, sandy soil, moisture, and succulent roots for food. It is from such resorts that adjoining premises are often restocked with pocket gophers. CROSS SECTION OF GOPHER BURROWS. a. Mounds of Loose Soil; 6, Laterals Leading- to Mounds, Usually Closed with Earth; c. Main Runway Usually Clear. COURT DECISIONS ON POINTS OF CEMETERY LAW Pay for Cemetery Grant Illegal. In the cases of Long vs. Union Township and Long vs. Board of Health, of Union, N. J., a grant was made by a to\\mship committee and a board of health to a cemetery com- pany to locate its burying ground within the township. This consent was induced by a contract on behalf of the company to build a trolley line, not as a means of reaching the ceme- tery merely, but as an accommoda- tion to the residents of a section of the township, irrespective of ceme- tery uses. The Supreme Court of New Jersey holds that the township committee and the board of health in making the grant were exercising quasi- judicial functions, and that they were improperly influenced by the contract to build and operate the trolley road. The record of the case in brief was as follows: The Clinton Hill Cemetery Asso- ciation made application to the town- ship committee and to the board of health of the township of Union, N. J., for their respective consents to the location of a new cemetery in the township, the township committee and the board of health called a pub- lic meeting, although the statute does not require notice, and heard the sen- timent of those attending the meeting, which was generally opposed to the grant, although it was represented on behalf of the applicants that, if con- sent was granted, the cemetery asso- ciation would present to the township bonds amounting to $10,000 for the purpose of insuring the township against loss arising from the immun- ity of the cemetery property from taxation. No action was then taken by the township committee. There- after the cemetery association offered the following inducement to obtain the requisite consent 'of the township authorities: First, that it would give 10 bonds of $1.00 each, payable in 10 years, to bear 6 per cent interest, to be secured by a mortgage on the lands of the cemetery association, and to be guaranteed in such manner as should meet the approval of the town- ship attorney; second, a promise to construct an electric street railway from Irvington, adjacent to which avenue the cemetery should lie, to be operated by the Public Service Corporation, for a 5-cent fare. An- other public meeting was called by the township committee, and by rea- son of the trolley proposition a change of public sentiment was ef- fected in favor of a consent to the location of the cemetery within the township. Such approval was given by the township committee and by the board of health. The court held that the board of health, in acting upon the question of granting a right to locate a ceme- tery, was exercising a quasi-judicial function. The decision says further: “The question remains whether the Induce- ments held out by the cemetery company were such as to illegally influence the judg- ments of the township committee and the board of health. In the solution of this question, we will assume that the township committee, before it grants consent, may exact conditions which look to the proper management of the cemetery. • * • “There would, I think, have been no In- fringement of public policy had the ceme^ tery company agreed to waive its exemption from taxation, or agreed to pay the amount which would have been received from the tax upon this property if left free from cemetery uses. “But there is a feature of the contract, which, w*e think, was clearly an illegal in- ducement to the judicial action of the com- mittee and the board. The consent was based upon the contract of Mr. Walker, al- ready set out, to build and cause to be operated a trolley line. The testimony clearly shows that the trolley was to offer facilities for transportation to the inhabitants of this section of the township, irrespective of ceme- tery uses. This promise constituted a bribe which changed the sentiment of those in the vicinage from opposition to friendliness toward the cemetery project, and undoubt- edly influenced the judgment of the com- mittee and the board of health in arriving at the conclusion that the location for this burying ground at this point should be per- mitted. For this reason we think both or- dinance and resolution should be vacated.’” Sale of Cemetery Land on Judgment. The Supreme Court of Kentucky has decided th,at where, in an action against a cemetery company, the company after settlement failed to pay the fees of a master commission- er, the Circuit Court had power to order a sale of land belonging to the company on which there were no 243 PARK AND CEMETERY graves, and on which there was a lien for the commissioner’s claim, which was a part of the costs in the suit for the purchase price of the property. In the case of Woodland Cemetery Company vs. Ellison, S. V. D. Stout, as master commissioner of the Cir- cuit Court, was allowed a fee for his services of $78, $10 of which was paid. The cemetery company settled with Ellison, but failed to pay Stout, and his administrator, being unable to col- lect his claim otherwise, filed this suit against the cemetery company, alleging that it owned three acres of land, with a house upon it, and on which there were no graves, and on which there was a lien for his claim, as it was a part of the cost in the suit of Ellison for the purchase money of the property. The Circuit Court ordered the land sold for the debt, and the cemetery company appeals. The Supreme Court says: “The rule that the chancellor will not order a sale of a cemetery has no applica- tion to the case, as it is alleged in the petition and not denied, that there are' no graves on the land ordered to be sold. It is true the court might, in its discretion, have placed the prop- erty in the hands of a receiver, in- stead of ordering a sale of it; but, on the showing made in the Circuit Court, it appeared that it was not practicable to make the judgment in this way. The court had the power to order a sale of the property for the debt, and we do not see that he abused a sound discretion in order- ing a sale. Judgment affirmed.” Refusing Burial to Negro Lot Holder Illegal. In a decision of the Court of Ap- peals of Kentucky, it was held that a cemetery corporation managed by white persons cannot prevent the owners of a lot from burying on it, though the owners are negroes, and though they have refused to accept a price offered by the -cemetery for the lot. Joel J. Walker, the owner of a lot in Richmond Cemetery, Rich- mond, Ky., died and bequeathed his lot to a former servant, who sought tto bury her child in the lot. The appellees sought to compel the ceme- tery to permit the burial of this child on the lot, and to prevent it in the future from interfering 'with the burial of the persons named in the will of Joel J. Walker, on this lot. The ap- pellant answered the petition. A de- murrer was filed to it and sustained. It refused to plead further, and the court granted to the appellee the re- lief sought. The substance of the answer was that the cemetery of the appellant was for the burial of white persons, and that colored persons were not allowed to be buried in it; that it had purchased acres of ground on the opposite side of the city and donated it to the colored people in which to bury their dead, and it had offered to pay, and was willing to pay, the devisees of Joel J. Walker a full price for this plot. “The appellant does not present a single legal reason why the judgment of the lower court should be re- versed,” says the court. “Its theory and theme is one of sentiment — that the peace and good order of the com- munity requires that the two races have separate burial places; that this is the policy of the state, as shown by its requiring separate coaches on railroads, and seperate schools for the white and colored people. This was accomplished by statutes, but the General Assembly has never enacted any statute requiring separate burial places for the two races, and this court is powerless to prevent any person, either white or black, from any legitimate and legal use of his property, and it has no power to force him to accept any price that may be offered for his property. For these reasons, the judgment is affirmed.” Injunction Forbids Cemetery Pollut- ing Ground. In the case of Payne vs. the town of Wayland, la., the trial court grant- ed an injunction forbidding the estab- lishment of a cemetery adjoining an old one. The plaintiffs alleged that the land lay in immediate proximity to the wells and other sources of domestic water supply; that south and southwest of the tract the streams and surface water draining said land, re- inforced a short distance by certain springs, combine to form a stream of running water during many months of the year; that this stream, flow- ing in a westerly and southerly course through said town and the public pastures adjacent thereto, is a source of water supply to cows pastured therein; and that the principal resi- dence district of said town lies to the south and southwest of said proposed burial ground and partly along said stream. It is further alleged that if burials of the dead are made in said tract of land, as proposed, it will pollute and poison the wells of plain- tiffs, and will pollute and poison the streams and springs below said tract of land; that said springs are used for domestic purposes and a water sup- ply for cows; that microbe germs and other sources of pollution may be car- ried from the dead human bodies in- terred therein, through the soil, to said wells and springs and streams; that thereby the health, lives,, and welfare of the inhabitants would be endangered and liable to infectious diseases from contaminated water, and real estate used for residence purposes would be greatly lessened in value — all to the irreparable in- jury and damage of the plaintiffs. The issue tendered by the answer, so far as it is material for present pur- poses, is a denial that the land is un- suitable for burial purposes or unsuit- ably located therefor, and a denial that burials ' therein will endanger the health or property of the plaintiffs. The answer also avers that the same stream which passes through a part of this ground also drains the old cemetery, of which this has become a part, and has so drained it for many years without any injurious effects. The case was appealed to the Su- preme Court, which in rendering its decision said: The new cemetery adjoins the old one, and both are within the corporate limits of the town. The ground selected for the new cemetery is located on a mound between two natural water courses or streams, and there is no question but that the natural drainage of the entire tract is into these streams, as alleged in the petition. The evi- dence is overwhelming as to the character of the soil. The upper layer is black loam, from four to eight or ten inches thick, and the subsoil is clay, with a considerable mix- ture of sand, or, as described by many of the witnesses, it is sandy clay. It is also shown that such soil is well adapted for conveying water. It is also proven that at the south side of said ground an examination showed the soil to be porous and wet. The movements of subsurface waters are commonly somewhat obscure, but it is a well-known fact that the percolating water will travel great distances and that it forms channels for Itself. Medical scientists are now practically agreed that infectious dis- eases are germ diseases, and that the live germs may remain in the human body after death and interment, and be carried there- from in water to the streams and wells below. A mere statement of the location of this land and of the character of its soil and drainage clearly indicates to our minds that the burial of human bodies there will surely tend to contaminate the wells, springs, and streams receiving its drainage, “It is also contended that the plaintiffs purchased with full knowledge that the old cemetery was a nuisance, and they are, therefore, in no situation to complain of the new one. There is no evidence before us tending to show that any of the plaintiffs knew when they purchased their property that the old cemetery was a nuisance. They undoubtedly knew where it was; but it was not a nuisance per se, and it will not be pre- sumed that they had knowledge that it was a nuisance in fact. Furthermore, no issue in the nature of an equitable estoppel was tendered by the defendant. But, even if the plaintiffs were aware of the conditions created by the old cemetery, it does not follow that they must submit to an enlarged danger. 'We think the trial court reached the right conclusion, and the judgment must be, and is afRrmed.” PARK AND CEMETERY . 244 BRIEF VISITS TO SOUTHERN CEMETERIES Extracts from the Diary of a Cemetery Expert; Seeing Cemeteries from Washington to Cuba. Being a little depressed and ener- vated, my daughter and I resolved that a trip south might cheer and invigorate us, so on Feb. 2 off we started. We first stopped at Washington and were met at the station by my sturdy brother, Wm. R. Smith, su- perintendent of the U. S. Botanical Carden. We have been warm cronies for 36 years and until I resigned from the superintendency of the Pittsburg parks to accept that of the Allegheny Cemetery he used to visit me most every year, but then he gqt mad with me, scolded me rnightily, and didn’t come near me for three years. At last he melted, paid me a week’s visit, said I did just right, and now we are closer than ever. But after break- fast we hurried on, promising him a visit on our return journey. Our next stop was At Richmond, Va. With outstretched arms ready to receive us as we stepped from the train were Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Hooper, of Hollywood Cemetery. We had a joyous southern welcome, and they owned us and led us until they again deposited us at the railroad station to continue our journey. At the con- vention at New York last fall you remember what a happy, jolly lot of grave-diggers we were. But the man with the smile that never came off. Was neither Taft nor Teddy, But good brother Hooper from ’way down South. The cause; A beautiful lady. Aye, and they are smiling yet, and as happy as turtle doves, and every one who gets within reach of them becomes imbued with the same loving fellowship. We saw the cemetery, drove all around the city, examined parks, visited the churches and public buildings, and attended a meeting of the Legislature. The cemetery is a rolling and beautiful tract of land, finely kept, progressive in its bearing, and forested with magnificent trees. Interred in it are some of the most famous men of American history — Tyler, Munro, Davis and many others. Mr. Hooper is laying great stretches of concrete gutter-walks and curbings much the same as I am doing here, but his are heavier. The cemetery is appropriately named, for in it the holly is indigenous and attains fine perfection; the Japanese holly (Ilex Cornuta) is also at home in • it. Grand among the trees are white, willow and scarlet oaks, cypress, elms, the evergreen magnolia and Mongo- lian ginkgo. Evergreens thrive ad- mirably, especially the English and Irish yews, retinosporas, thujas of all kinds, blue spruce and allied conifers, Indian azaleas, tree box, and many more, also the greater cryptomeria. The English ivy is at home on walls and trees, and there is mistletoe enough to satisfy a city at Christmas. Richmond is a beautiful and pro- gressive city and advancing in fine boulevards and handsome modern homes. On to Savannah. Let me here state that all of the cemeteries we visited on our trip that were officered by members of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents showed a distinct improvement in system, order and keeping over those not so officered. At the same time, in every case we were most courteously received and treated. And far be it from me to adversely criticize the condition or management of any cemetery; it is all I can do to pick the beams out of my own eyes without devoting my time to searching for motes in my neigh- bor’s optics. Such critics are usually gasbags, egotists or fools, and I have no patience with either. South of the Potomac a distinct line is drawn between the white and the colored people in trains, street cars, toilet rooms, public places, and even in the cemeteries, but we visited all of the burial places — protestant, catholic and colored. It is a very sandy country, but vege- tation is rank, trees grow admirably, and in spring ^nd summer plant life must be beautiful. Bonaventure Cem- etery is famous the country over for its avenue of weird trees densely draped with southern moss (Tilland- sia usnioides), and it is so thick and so low that it gives one an awful creepy feeling. Here they are doing much improvement work — new roads, grading, planting, laying new water lines and putting in hundreds of yards of concrete pathways. But what do you think is the price of land? Ten cents a square foot! At that price the sheriff would get us. Here the evergreen magnolias are magnificent trees, the red cedars are aged, gnarled and spreading, the live oaks and water oaks attain massive proportions and the gum trees (Liquidambar) are bold and impos- ing. And these are the. trees most infested with the epiphytal moss. Although the water oak grows faster, it is less favored than the live oak. The scarlet and willow oaks make fine trees, hickory is perfection, the China tree (Melia) grows like a weed, the loblolly bay (Gordonia), and the evergreen Prunus Carolinensis attain arboreal size. Among shrubs the myrtle is to the south what the lilac is to the north. Oleanders abound, camellias are plentiful, azaleas less frequent, and the fragrant olive (Olea fragrans) and Cape jesamine (Gardenia) are favorite bushes. Euonymus Japonicus, sea elder (Bacc- haris) and althaea are considerably planted. Pittosporum Tobira, green and variegated, is one of the best and densest evergreens they grow, and the Japan privet (Ligustrum Ja- ponicum) becomes a 20-ft. high, full headed, shapely tree. It now is laden with terminal panicles of black fruit indicative of what a glorious mound of snow it must have been when in bloom. The Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) were bushes of fire, so numerous and brilliant were their scarlet berries. Evergreen conifers, especially the Oriental arborvit^s are used freely and thrive well, and the Indian Deodar is a good deal planted. And at Laurel Grove Ceme- tery I found a fair specimen of Cun- ninghamia Sinensis. Bourbon, China and hybrid tea roses are plen- tiful. Wistarias climb up into the trees 40 ft. high. The star jasmine (Trachelospermum) covers arbors and fences and is the most popular vine used. When in bloom, they tell me, the whole atmosphere is scented as in an orange grove. The south- ern jasmine (Gelsemium) now laden with unopen buds is abundant in semi-wild places and cultivated. The principal hedge plants are the ever- green Prunus Carolinensis and the Amoor privet. , Cycas revoluta is hardy and frequent, studded here and there in lots. Daisies, single violets, pansies, white hyacinths and narcissi and a few other seasonable spring flowers brightened the lots. 215 PARK AND CEMETERY . Now for Jacksonville, Florida. Got there at midnight and with difficulty found a room to sleep in, so crowded were the hotels with northern tourists and folks attending the horse races. But we fared all right, and next morning found us at Evergreen Cemetery. When riding up to it I exclaimed to my daughter, “Jeannie, you bet there’s a man here!” for there was an air of neatness and order about- the place, the fences and gates were in perfect order and paint- ed and everything was ship-shape. Then we came upon Mr. Coleman, the superintendent. That settled it; no longer were we our own masters. He owned us, and his good wife killed the fatted calf, and we feasted, rested, rode and saw. The cemetery is a wide stretch of level land reclaimed from a long- leaved pine forest, and very, very CEMETERY L Mr. A. M. Ingraham, of the Cross- Morton Advertising Co., of Cleveland, O., has made something of a specialty of advertising difficult and unusual propositions and has recently given par- ticular attention to advertising ceme- teries. He writes us as follows con- cerning his plans for cemetery adver- tising : “As cemetery associations derive their profits from the sale of lots, the quick- ening of the sales means larger divi- dends. An association having an invest- ment of $100,000, which was selling lots at a rate that would clear out the prop- erty in twelve years, began a systematic course of advertising and shortened the period to seven years. Their annual expense, including interest on the in- vestment, was about $10,000, and clip- A. A. C. S. CO The executive committee in charge of the arrangements for the annual convention of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents at Chattanooga,, Tenn., held its first meeting in February, and decided on Wednesday, October 13, 1910, as the opening date for the convention. September is likely to be rainy in that locality, while October answers very nearly to September on the Atlantic Coast. A general outline of the pro- gram, of papers, etc., and entertain- ment was agreed upon: A boat trip down the Tennessee River to the great Lock and Power dam and the fa- mous old Shell Mound, with business session and dinner aboard, returning sandy. Permanent grass in winter is impossible. But when lot owners care to go to the expense, perennial rye grass is sown in fall; and if mown, keeps green over winter to die in spring. The ground has been sys- tematically platted. Some substantial monuments have been erected, and there is a complete modern air about the place. The tree and shrub growth here is practically a duplicate of what we noted at Savannah. Oriental thujas are extensively used and happy. And here I found the finest speci- mens of Magnolia fuscata, 9 ft. high, broad and dense from crown to ground, I ever saw. .The parks, os- trich farm, and all around the city were part of our program, and a beautiful, busy, substantial, and mod- ern-appearing city Jacksonville is. At night Mr. Coleman delivered us at the hotel. And here, by accident, we OT SALE BY ping five years off from the time re- quired for selling the lots meant a clear saving of $50,000. “The principle upon which I always act is the adoption of a simple plan with rigid execution. That means, to merely lay out the most obvious course for selling and then follow the plan unvaryingly. A moderate amount of ad- vertising done systematically through a long period is far more productive of results than a splurge. “As a suggestion for a plan, the fol- lowing may be taken as an example. “A carefully prepared series of let- ters to stockholders and a letter for stockholders to send to their friends. Letters to clergymen, nurses, funeral directors, attorneys and a general list of names, including persons who might NVENTION AR through the Raccoon Mts., by rail, is the sechedule for one day — if the river should be navigable on that date. An- other feature is a tour ,of the National Park and Cemetery and of Lookout Mountain, etc. Papers are being ar- ranged for and other details. The committee is particularly de- sirous of getting a strong paper, or address on the “Cemetery Beautiful,” or some similar title — a paper which would bring out the salient features of the up-to-date cemetery, as against the still alarmingly prevalent notion of the “grave yard.” Something of this kind would greatly benefit the local community, and the new mem- bers and visitors who may be in at- stumbled upon Mr. Platt, the southern representative of the Harrison Gran- ite Co., and he showed us marked at- tention and the town by moonlight. Then Came St. Augustine. It is here, as it is in all of the cities we stopped at between this and Miami in the extreme south of Flor- ida, the cemeteries everywhere are like common country burying grounds anywhere else in the country, except the difference in the trees, shrubs and other plants that inhabit them. St. Augustine is the oldest town in Amer- ica and its cemeter yis almost as an- cient. It is one of the sights of the city, but aside from its historical as- - sociation it has little of other inter- est in our line. As we travel south- ward the vegetation becomes more and more tropical and this is the main difference between the ceme- teries. William Falconer. (To be continued.) ADVERTISING purchase as an investment with a view of selling again. “Handsomely printed booklets show- ing the cemetery entrance, chapel, drives and some characteristic monuments should be enclosed with the letters from time to time. System and persistency are the two elements which result in success and spasmodic effort is never satisfactory. The ability to write fresh letters and booklets is the qualification to make an advertising campaign for the sale of cemetery lots profitable. “When competition exists, the ceme- tery association or the builders of monu- ments, who advertise, are more success- ful in the transaction of desirable business than competitors who do not systematically and judiciously appeal to the public. RANGEMENTS tendance from the south. The care of the small cemetery is a practical question, and growing with the growth of better cemeteries in the cities. Then the “Perpetual Care” of cemeteries does not seem to be set- tled. The value of burial vaults might be profitably considered. Nor does the committee believe it quite time to dismiss the matter of roads and drives. Any suggestions along any one of these lines will be greatly ap- preciated. The members of the com- mittee are: Daniel E. Bushnell, For- est Hills Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tenn. Dr. R. N. Kesterson, Knox- ville, Tenn.; and John R. Hooper, Richmond, Va. PARK AND CEMETERY. 246 ELABORATE CHAPEL AND RECEIVING VAULT The Bellefontaine Cemetery Asso- ciation of St. Louis, Mo., has recently dedicated a new chapel and receiving tomb on one of the prominent hills in the cemetery overlooking the Miss- issippi river at a cost of about $50,- 000. It is one of the handsomest and most elaborate structures of the kind in the country and is of substantial and thorough construction. It is il- lustrated on the cover of this issue. It was designed and erected by John H. McCarthy of St. Louis. The ex- treme sizes are 73x59 feet, the ground plan being in the shape of T with the chapel, the interior of which is 22x33 feet in front, and the tomb in the rear is 55x24 ft. There is a frame contain- ing five roller bearing rollers in each crypt and the tomb is thoroughly venti- lated by bronze registers and two elec- tric exhaust fans. It also has water connections with drains in each corner. Thus the interior is water proof and can be cleaned with a hose at any time. The chapel is heated by electric heaters and is lighted with a hand- some electric chandelier and wall brackets and has Italian marble floor and wainscoting to the height of the window sills. The rest of the wall and ceiling is finished in a very fine granu- lated plaster, the ceiling being set off with a very heavy cornice in plaster of paris. The interior of the tomb walls are 1 ” " 1 ■■ 1 ij 1 ! i ; 1 S s! j i ■■ ■ i i; LL i ii ; j |i PLAN OF BELLEFONTAINE CEMETERY RECEIVING VAULT. St. Louis, Mo. finished with white enamel brick and the ceiling is of cement plaster. The forty crypts are 6 inches above the floor and made of reinforced con- crete faced with bronze frames and white enamel doors with locks and keys. The outside walls are of fine grained Blue Bedford Indiana stone rubbed smooth. The platform at the entrance, the first course and the four columns are made of medium Quincy granite with fine bush hammered finish. The roof is made of terra cotta tile laid in angle bars and covered with 16 oz. copper with raised ribs. THE SMALLER CEMETERIES TROUBLES IN There is a rapidly growing interest among those in charge of smaller cem- eteries in the work of improvement. The campaign of education, which has been at work for some years, is grad- ually exerting an influence towards changing the old conditions to comport with the modern cemetery, as that term is now better understood, and some questions asked by the superintendent of one of the smaller burial grounds, a conscientious cemetery man, are prob- ably stumbling blocks also in the ma- jority of similar places. In reference to the perpetual care fund it is asked, whether that fund, or any portion of it, loaned out is taxable. Now in regard to this it is evident that were such funds taxable they would be subject to state law. The laws of the different states vary very greatly, and therefore such a question would have to be answered separately for every state. On the other hand where a state does tax such funds, a cemetery could have been established under a special charter in which the matter of taxation might be modified. However, as a general rule lands used for cemetery purposes and funds or property held in trust for the improvement, embellishment, and care of cemetery lots, are exempt from taxation. In the state constitution of Missouri all cemetery property is ex- empt from taxation ; Kansas requires that 10 per cent of the receipts shall be set aside as a perpetual care fund, and this plan is followed by other states. The annual care of lots in both the older and small.er cemeteries is another question that troubles many. For the benefit of the cemetery as a whole such lots as are, so to speak, ownerless, must be cared for ; but in many cemeteries the spare land in such lots is used for the planting of shrubs to give a better appearance to the sec- tions ; in some cases the spare land has been sold again, but as trouble might ensue in the future, it would be well, unless state law provides for it, to go carefully in this remedy for the trouble. Where absolute refusal to pay or extra difficulty is imposed in collecting, some cemeteries refuse to open new graves in the lots indebted to the cemetery for annual care, until paj^ment is made, and this has been found quite efficient in leading the lot owners to realize and recognize the right of the question. In Indiana a law has been passed providing for a fund for perpetual care, which covers the case of lots whose owners have not been found. There is a law in New York whereby the dues for care are assessed against the lot owners, and if it is not paid within a certain period, any unused portion of the lot can be resold. Rules may be made, and stipulations entered on the deeds, for such care, and collections can be enforced. PARK AND CEMETERY. Si 5yi ^ CEnETERY \OTES i The National Mausoleum Co., of Ohio, is being sued for $20,000 dam- ages in the U. S. Circuit Court, Springfield, 111., by the Decatur, 111., Mausoleum Co. The plaintiff charges that the Ohio concern, through false report in the Decatur papers, caused several persons to revoke their con- tracts for the erection of the patent concrete mausoleums. 5K * The Lamed Cemetery Association, Lamed, Kans., is composed entirely of ladies, who organized 23 years ago and have reclaimed the cemetery from a wilderness. The cemetery is sup- ported entirely by sales of lots and contributions. The seven officers of the board serve without remuneration and have continued in office, except for death in the ranks, for 15 years. They are: President, Mrs. Sarah A. Bardrick, vice-pres., Mrs. Susan Long ; treasurer, Mrs. Abbie Clark; secre- tary, Mrs. Helen Wheeler; auditing committee, Mesdames Ruth Krieger, Margaret Dillon, Etta Winchester. The water works consist of windmills and pipe distribution, and some $600 was spent in improvements during ^1909, including a rabbit-proof fence with cement posts, around the 40-acre plot. W. P. Evans is the sexton. ^ * The City Council of Waukesha, Wis., has ordered the removal of the bodies buried in the old “Bidwell” cemetery, together with all monu- ments and markers, to the Prairie Home Cemetery, at the city’s expense. The old cemetery has been an eye- sore for many years. The cemetery is only one acre in extent, and it is believed that some 60 bodies will have to be removed. * The Circuit Court at Grafton, V/. Va., has recently handed down a de- cision, making the injunction perpet- ual prohibiting the St. Augustine’s Catholic Church of Grafton from es- tablishing a cemetery on property re- cently purchased for cemetery pur- poses in Blueville. The drainage of the tract involving public health con- siderations practically determined the decision. * Jk * A bill has been introduced into the New Jersey legislature under the terms of which Paterson corporations own- ing burial grounds which have become a public nuisance, will have power to apply to the finance commission request- ing the city "to take over the cemeteries for park purposes. In the event of fail- ure of corporations to move in the mat- ter the Board of Health may declare graveyards a nuisance and make appli- cation to the Circuit Court for an or- der giving the city power to take over such grpunds. The act applies princi- pally to the Sandy Hill burial grounds, which for years have been an eyesore. The city must remove all bodies, mark- ers, etc., and reinter them. The bill gives the court power to appoint three commissioners to assess damages. * * * Laurel Hill Cemetery Association, San Francisco, is still actively fighting out the constitutionality of the city ordi- nance forbidding further burial within the corporate limits of the city. This ordinance was declared valid by the Superior Court of the county and the ruling was sustained by the State Su- preme Court ; on further appeal to the United States Circuit Court. The city next took the case to the United States Supreme Court, in which it is pending. * * * The cemeteries also object to the cor- poration tax. The Syracuse, N. Y., Herald quotes one cemetery official as saying : “This cemetery is conducted solely for the benefit of the dead. Have things come to such a pass that we poor farmers must be taxed, dead or alive?” * * * The old military cemetery on Delori- mier Ave., klontreal, Canada, over which there has been a fight to prevent its sale to the city, and which is owned by the Dominion Government, will not be sold. The Last Post-Fund officials will make further efforts to raise money to preserve it. * * * Cemetery land speculators appear to be having a serious time in Queens, N. Y. Two years ago a 10 acre plot, par- tially surrounded by Union Field Cem- etery and with an extensive frontage on Cypress Hills road, was purchased and the Highland View corporation was organized to take possession. Steps were taken to start another cemetery, but such strong opposition was aroused in Evergreen that the promoters held their hands until recently, when another application to the Board of Aldermen was made. It will be again vigorously opposed. Several other schemes are awaiting the success of the Highland Park Co. It is said that burial grounds have very seriously depreciated property in those sections of Queens, the burden of assessments for highway improve- ments, etc., being thrown upon the other property. Statistics show that 48,370 interments were made in the sev- eral cemeteries located in the Borough of Queens, Brooklyn, N, -Y., in the year 1909. * * * Lot owners in Oak Hill and Mount Vernon Cemeteries, Atchison, Kas., according to the local press, are grow- ing restive under the conditions govern- ing the above cemeteries, which they complain are run under trust methods, the dead being exploited for profit, con- trary to the laws relating to cemetery associations in Kansas. Oak Hill is being neglected, while Mount Vernon lots are held at exorbitant prices, both cemeteries belonging practically to the same owners, who, according to the complaints, are paying themselves big dividends out of receipts that should be expended upon maintenance and im- provements. * * * The petition of the Lakewood Cem- etery Association of Minneapolis, Minn., to condemn land in Saunders Park ad- dition to add to the cemetery grounds, was granted on January 15th, the de- cision holding that cemeteries have the right to exercise eminent domain. The ruling gives the cemetery the right to take 17 lots of the addition. Commis- sioners were appointed to appraise the property. V * * FROM CEMETERY REPORTS The 78th annual report of the trus- tees of the Cemetery of Mount Au- burn, Boston, for 1909, shows very prosperous conditions. Lot sales amounted to $10,744.60; there was added to the perpetual care fund $71,- 044.23, the largest sum ever received in a single year, and this fund, known as the Repair Fund, now totals $1,627,940.36. The permanent fund intended to provide for the care of the cemetery after the sal6 of lots has ceased amounts to $545,590.33, a gain of $13,570.55 for the past year. The general fund, to meet expenses for renewals and improvements, has reached $229,084.93. The ravages of the brown-tail moth and similar pests have been kept well under control and proper maintenance has been kept up among the receipts which to- taled $175,519.33 were $69,052.63 for PARK AND CEMETERY . 248 labor and material on lots. The labor payroll was $44,110.81, the bill for ma- terials $18,768.21, and for salaries $12,- 543.46. Forty monuments and 279 headstones were erected. The total number of interments in the cemetery reaches 37,521, and cremations 1,688, ■of which 254 were for the past year. The annual meeting of the trustees of cemeteries of Lowell, Mass., was recently held. Five cemeteries, of a total acreage of some 70 acres, are under the care of the board. The total receipts amounted to $8,615.90, and there was expended on labor $5,- 051.26- — total expenditures amounting to $7,522.89. There were 573 inter- ments. The perpetual care fund now amounts to $60,600, and an urgent plea is made to all lot owners concerning the expediency of providing such care for their lots. A large amount of ef- fective work has been accomplished under the board, and there has been an average profit in the maintenance of the cemeteries •for the last three years of $1,000 per annum. According to the reports of the offi- cers of the Oakland Cemetery Asso- ciation the past year has been a satis- factory one. The total receipts amounted to $87,004.63, which includ- ed lot sales, $30,436; single graves, $1,264; interment fees, $2,397; labor and foundations, $4,047.65, and green- house sales, $6,518.75. Gross expendi- tures reached $76,696.09. This includ- ed greenhouse $4,369.69, payrolls $23,- 177.65 and miscellaneous expenses. The perpetual care fund is $141,636.77. The total interments amount to 17,814. The average number of employes per month was 36. The annual report of Pine Grove Cemetery, Manchester, N. H., showed total receipts from all sources of $20,616.69. The annual report of the Lakeside Cemetery Association, Pekin, 111., was a satisfactory one. The completion of the Steinmetz Memorial chapel, at a cost of $11,000, was a fact of record. The perpetual care fund now amounts to $2,564.93. .The receipts from all sources were $2,928.25 and expenses $2,731.36, which included $1,510.75 for labor and superinten- dence, and left a balance of $196.89. CEMETERY IMPROVEMENTS With $6,000 now awaiting a satisfac- tory investment, the perpetual care fund of the city cemeteries of Waltham, Mass., will amount to $50,000. Preliminary surveys have been com- pleted for the new St. Mary’s Ceme- tery, located just south of San Lean- dro, Calif. The 80 acres in the tract have been laid out by Reymond J. Squires, of Oakland, and it is expected that the improvements will have cost half a million dollars before the ceme- tery is completed as intended. There will be two artificial lakes on the grounds, and a number of fountains. The maple trees on the north side of Green Hill Cemetery, Waynesboro, Pa., becoming too close for their proper development and appearance, the super- intendent has been removing alternate trees and transplanting them to a pri- cate lot in town. The trees are some 25 years old and near 40 feet in height, but Mr. Gilbert feels confident that with care they will keep moving in their next home with little signs of damage. His method is to dig around the tree about three feet deep and say. four feet from trunk center, and after loosening the earth at the bottom to pull it over with block and tackle. He leaves it over night to freeze the loose earth and then transports it, in a truck de- vised for the purpose, to the new and well prepared location. To aid in pro- viding sufficient moisture for the roots terra cotta pipe is sunk into the ground close to the trunk. The Cemetery Board of New Bed- ford, Mass., asks for an appropriation of $25,000 to defray expenses for 1910. This is $8,000 more than was allotted for last year, and receipts are antici- pated to be just as large, but the in- crease in salaries and wages of this de- partment and the laying out of recently purchased land in Pine Grove Cemetery calls for an adequate appropriation. The South Tacoma Cemetery, of which Mr. George A. Hill is superin- tendent, expended some $10,000 in im- provements in 1909. A four-acre addi- tion to the grounds was made ; a new entrance, having iron gate with stone posts and wall, was erected at a cost of $3,700, and a greenhouse of wood on cement wall was built at a cost of $1,000. Some $2,000 of improvement were made during 1909 in Graceland Ceme- tery, Sidney, O., comprising new gate- way and avenue work. The cemetery is supplied with city water, and it has a small frame chapel and a receiving vault. The avenues are constructed of gravel with high crowning, and dust does not bother the superintendent, Mr. G. C. Anderson. Oakland Cemetery Association, St. Paul, Minn., has made a new depar- ture in reference to monumental work. Order blanks requiring the signature of owner or owners of a lot will be required in the future for; Building foundations, making changes on work already set, cutting, inscrip- tions or cleaning of monumental work. This will necessitate that when a contract is signed for a piece of work, the foundation order must be signed at the same time, and this will inform the lot owner of what is being done. A vault and chapel is to be built in the Dixon, 111., cemetery for the con- struction of which bids have been called. The Norwich, N. Y., Cemetery As- sociation has purchased additional lands for extension purposes. The Helping Hand Society of Northville, Mass., has accumulated $400 for the purpose of improving the Northville cemetery. The Livingston, W. Va., township board is moved towards cemetery im- provement and will install a water supply, with windmill power, in the cemetery under its control. A gate lodge to accommodate the sexton is also contemplated. The city council of Atlanta, Ga., will convert about 100 acres of Lake- wood park 'into a cemetery, which will be selected by the associated city commissions. A satisfactory test has been made of the new cemetery constructed in the Springfield, IMass., cemetery. Several new features have been in- troduced into this furnace. Among the proposed improvements in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw, iMich., is a lodge, shelter house and office, at its Washington avenue en- trance. The shelter house is to be Gothic in design with tile roof, cov- ering a waiting room 27 feet square, with toilet rooms, office and storage facilities. Work has been commenced on the new gateway and entrance to Moun- tain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, Conn., the gift of Charles B. and David F. Read in memory of their parents, the late D. M. and Ellen A. Read, and to cost $10,000. The main gateway will be 22 ft. 6 ins. wide, with a smaller one each side for pedestrians, and the massive columns', surmounted by urns, will be of light Concord, N. H., granite. The heavy iron gates, already on the ground, are highly ornamental in design. The City of Natchez, Miss., has pur- chased eight acres of land as an addi- tion to the city cemetery for $8,000, which is to be paid for as the lots are sold, improvement to be begun at once. 249 PARK AND CEMETERY TOPICAL INDEX to OUTDOOR LITERATURE An index to articles on Gardening, Forestry, Park, Cemetery and Civic Im- provement and kindred subjects in leading general and special magazines Subscriptions will be received for any magazine or periodical at club rates with Park and Cemetery. Publications in which articles appear are listed below, and referred to by abbre- variations, thus: S. L. 8;67-8. Feb. 09, means: Suburban Life. vol. 8, pages 67 8, Febi uary, 1909, Single copies should be ordered direct from the publications at addresses given below. PUBLICATIONS INDEXED AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. American Botanist, Joliet, 111. (A. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. American City, The (Am. C.), Chicago, $1.00 year; 10c copy. American Florist, Chicago (A. F.), $1.00 year; 6c copy. American Homes and Gardens, New York (A. H. G.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Architectural Record, New York (Arch. Rec.), $3.00 year; 26c copy. Canadian Florist, The, Peterboro, Ont., Can. (C. F.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. Canadian Municipal Journal, Montreal (C. M. J.), $1.00 year; 10c copy. City Hall, The, Des Moines, la. (C. H.), *2.00 year; 20c copy. Conservation, Washington, D. C. (Cons.), *1.00 year; 10c copy. , Country Life in America, New York City (C. L. A.), $3.00 year; single copy, 26c. Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y. (C. G.), $1.60 year; 20c copy. Century Magazine, New York City (Cent.), $3.00 year; 35c copy. Survey, The, New York City (Sur.), *2.00 year; 10c copy. Chautauquan, The, Chautauqua, N. Y. (Chant), $2.00 year; 25c copy. Craftsman, The, New York City (Cr.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Embalmers’ Monthly, Chicago (E. M.), *1.00 year; lOc copy. Fern Bulletin, Joliet, 111. (F. B.), 75c year; 20c copy. Florists’ Exchange, New York City (F. E.), $1.00 year; single copy, 5c. Florists’ Review, Chicago (F. R.), $1.00 year; 5c copy. Forest Leaves, Philadelphia, Pa. (For. L. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Fruit Grower (F. G.), St. Joseph, Mo., $1.00 a year; 10c copy. Garden Magazine, New York City (Q. M. ), $1.00 year; single copy, 16c. Civic Improvement, Home Grounds Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Mas- sachusetts Civic League. E. T. Hartman. Am. C. 2:79-81. Feb., ’10. Fifth Year in Improvement Work. Mrs. A. B. Underwood. Illust. M. H. 38:81-85. Mar.. ’10. Forethought in Laying Out Cities and Towns Will Pay Dividends in Beauty and Comfort. M. U. Sears. Illust. Beautiful Homes. St. Louis. 3:16-18. Mar., ’10. Grand Rapids. John Ihlder. Illust. Am. C. 2:53-60. Feb., ’10. Health and Art in Municipal Life. R. O. Beard. Illust. Am. C. 2:71-75. Feb., ’.10. League of American Municipalities. Hon. D. E. Heineman. Illust. Am. C. 2:61-64. Feb., ’10. Municipal Reference Bureau of Wis- consin. F. E. MacGregor. Illust. Am. C. 2:65-68. Feb., ’10. Must the American City be Ugly? A. W. Brunner. Illust. Harper’s Weekly. New York. 54:12-3. Jan. 15., ’10. Problems of Town Development. R. Gardening, Chicago (Gard.), $2.00 year; singie copy, 10c. Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J. (G. C. -4..), $1.00 year; singie copy, 10c. Gartenkunst, die, Frankfurt. Germany (German), G'. K., $4.00 year; 50c copy. Good Roads Magazine, New York (G. R. M.), $1.0.0 year; single cony. 10c. Horticulture, Boston (Hort.), $1.00 year; single copy. 6c. House Beautiful (H. B.), Chicago; $3.00 year; 25c copy. House and Garden, Philadelphia (H. G.), $5.00 year; 50c copy. Independent, The, New York (Ind.), $3.00 year; 25c copy. Meehan’s Garden Bulletin, German- town, Philadelphia (M. G. B.) 50c year; 5c copy. Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis (M. H.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertner-Zeitung, Erfurt, Germany, (German), M. D. G., $3.00 year; 10c copv. Municipal ETngineering, Indianapolis, Ind. (M. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 25c. Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York (M. J. E.), $3.00 year; single copy, 26c. Monumental News, Chicago (M. N.), $1.00 year; single copy, 10c. National Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. ood. A most beautiful Shrub as well as a hedge plant; for winter effect its stems and branches are a bright crim- son.. Unlike many of the other Dogwoods, it is suited for hedge work, as many of them will not stand pruning. This variety originated in Siberia and is a special strain there being a number of others much like it, but not so hardy or brightly colored, its hardiness and winter col- oring makes it very attractive for City Hedging; it is also valuable for clumping in shrubs. L. L. May & Co. Nurserymen and Landscape Architects St. Paul, Minn. A Hedge of Ccrrius Siherica, THF “ VELVETLAWN ” SEEDER DEPOSITS THE SEED In the Ground — Not on Top Sow graps seed when conditions are right — wind or no wind. The rain cannot wash the seed away, the wind cannot blow It to some other place. Birds do not get It, because It is In the ground. All old sodls root bound, and thecuttlngaction of the discs relieves this condition, cultivates the grass roots and puts new seed In the soil and properly covers it. You can sow as much or little seed as desired. This machine has positive force feeds, and each feed puts in every seed trench an absolutely equal amount of seed. No seed is wasted. If you want a pure, smooth, velvety lawn, sow pure- bred lawn seed in the ground with a “Velvetlawn” Seeder. If you want a miscellaneous collection of weeds, sod your lawn. Smooth, Velvety Lawns, Golf Greens and grass plots are produced with *‘VelvetlawD** Seeders at a trifling cost. “Velvetlawn” Seeders sow ground sheep manure, bone meal, ground lime and screened wood ashes. Only machine In the world that will put them in the ground on a lawn. It is also an Ideal machine for sowing garden seeds, such as onions. radishes, carrots, lettuce, etc. Can be regulated to drill 2. 4, 6,8, and so on. up to 16 inches between rows. It assures an even distribution of seed, uniformity of depth and regularity between rows. WRITE TO-DAY FOR OUR NEW CATALOG. IT IS FREE VELVETLAWN SEEDER CO. Box 576 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO U. S. A.. C CT'UIVyiiri Importer and Exporter of MaU fY • O* OGrUYllly Fancy Poultry of All Kinds White and Black Swans, Mandrakes, Wood Ducks, Peafowls, White and Pearl Guinea Fowls, Pheas- ants, Squirrels, etc. - - Send for Catalog 712 12th St., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. PARK AND CEMETERY. VII PHILADELPHIA iawn mowers The Most Popular Mower Made For 4t years makers of La'wn Mo