R. J. HAIGHT, 189

334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO.

Inclosed please find ONE DOLLAR for one year’s subscription to

Park and Cemetery

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C anada
Foreign

Entered as sVeond Class Matter June 9. i -t the Poit
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under act of March^rd, 1879.

Published Monthly by Allied Arts
Publishing Co., 536 S. Clark St., Chicago

Vol. XXVII., No. 1

MARCH, I9r?'

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Reclaiming Swamp Land in a Cemetery — Assessment of Cemetery Property
— Interesting Type of Outdoor Swimming Pool — Problems of Park and
Cemetery Law — Progress in National Park Work — National Parks Vaca-
tion Tour — Planting Plan for Cemetery Lot.

HILLCREST CEMETERY, SAVANNAH, GA.
Ornamental Iron Entrance Gates and Fence made by
The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O. See pa,§e 20.

CHICAGO BOTANIC GARDEN

2002

DEACIDIFIED

2

PARK AND CEMETERY.

SPECIAL NOTICE! > SPECIAL NOTICE!

Fairmount Weed Killer

Below win be found the advertisement of the
FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER. This ad has been
used for the past ten or twelve years. The advertisement of the
FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER has appeared in Park and
Cemetery for the past 21 years.

There appeared in the February, 1917, issue of the Park
and Cemetery, an ad of Fairmount Weed Killer. This ad was
not authorized by us and the concern inserting this advertise-
ment has no connection with the Fairmount Chemical Labora-
tory, and is not authorized to manufacture or sell the Fairmount
Weed Killer. As soon as we are able to locate the principal
or principals connected with the concern, proceedings to re-
strain him or them will be at once instituted. In the meantime
the trade is warned against the imposition attempted to be
perpetrated.

FAIRMOUNT, CHEMICAL LABORATORY

Southeast Cor. 11th & Master Streets H PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

Kill the Weeds and Grass that Deface Your Walks and Drives

FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER

Original Introducers of IKeed Killing Chemicals, beware of
Cheap Imitations. No failures. Twenty-two years’ Experience

Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY.

Does not spoil the appearance of the walks and drives. Kills the weeds
and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean.

THE OLD METHOD OF HOEING OUT WEEDS AND GRASS IS TOO COSTLY
TRY OJR WAY AND YOU WILL NEVER BE CONTENT WITH ANY OTHER

Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right

SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN OR DIRECT TO

FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY

ONLY MAKERS

Southeast Cor. 11th & Master Sts. :: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

T W E N T Y - S E C O N D YEAR OF SUCCESSFUL WEED KILLING

EXAMINE THIS A barrel of 50 gals, will make 2,500 gals, of liquid ready to apply to
’T’ A TS c. r^r\C'T' roadway, covering 7,500 square yards of surface and costing LESS

1 able. Ot VUO 1 THAN TWO CENTS A GALLON TO PUT ON.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

3

Williamstown Gulf, near Barre, Showing Old Gulf House

\\'e will do our best to
make your 1917 conven-
tion the greatest one in
the history of your asso-
ciation. A^ermont scen-
ery is world famous.
\\"e will show it to you
in the right way.

Barre

Entertainment

Association

Organized ijy The Barre Board
of Trade for tire Entertainment
of the Cemetery Superintend-
ents in Barre in 1917.

ALEX HANTON,
Directing Chairman

BARRE, VERMONT

American Cemetery Superintendents

Barre, Vermont

Conventioti Dates, Aug. 28, 29, 30, 31

and the beautiful
streams and hills of the
o 1 d Green Mountain
State will give you glad
welcome at the annual
convention time of the
American Cemetery Su-
perintendents’ Associa-
tion, next August. Make
your plans now.

Bolton’s Falls, Between Barre and Burlington; Camel’s Hump in the Distance

4

PARK AND CEMETERY.

CREMATORY AND CHAPEL

A Modern Crematory

as designed and built by us can be operated
economically, expeditiously, and with entire
absence of smoke. The building need have
no features architecturally objectionable.

We design, build, and equip crematories.
Correspondence solicited,

JARVIS ENGINEERING CO.

261 Franklin Street :: Boston, Massachnsetts

“THE CAPITOL”

Lawn Trimmer and Edger

(PATENTED)

I'or trimming and edging
lawns in the quickest pos-
sible time. The only prac-
tical machine of its kind on
the market. x-\n absolute
necessity for Lawns, Gar-
dens, Parks and Cemeteries.
Special Park and Cemetery
price — $6.00 complete, with-
out edger — $5.50.

GRANITE STATE Lawn Mowers

We recommend our Style “M" medium price, open
spoke, 10" wheel, ball bearing lawn mower for general
use. Four knife
cylinder. Granite
State micrometer
adjusting ball
bearings. Auto-
matic oil cups.

Grass guards.

Adjustable hold-
downs. Money
back guarantee.

Special Park and
Cemetery price
on application.

Granite State Mowing Machine Company

Lawn Mower Specialists Hinsdale, N. H.

DONT DEFACE A FINE LAWN
BY USING CHEAP, UNSIGHTLY SIGNS

That rust, corrode or become weather-beaten from exposure.
Bronze is the eternal, durable metal. It colors beautifully in the
open air and harmonizes with the beauty of your landscape. Six
different designs or will make special for you.

OUR BRONZE PERPETUAL CARE STAKES ARE
THE QUALITY MARKERS FOR BEAUTIFUL LAWNS

ASK FOR DESCRIPTIVE BOOK

QUADRIGA MFG. COMPANY

213<221 W. Grand Ave. :: Chicago, U. S. A.

Keep Down Dust and Weeds

by surfacing the drives and paths with SOLVAY
— acts as a road-binder at the same time.

The cleanliness, economy and ease of applica-
tion makes

S 0 LVAY

Granulated

Calcium Chloride

specially suited for use in parks and cemeteries. Quickly
applied by horse-drawn spreader, or by hand — no skilled
labor required. It gives a firm, resilient road surface,
which ordinary traffic will not rut. SOLVAY is highly
indorsed by those who use it.

Write for “Solvay Road Booklet”

SEMET-SOIVAY CO.

460 Milton Ave. :: Solvay, New York

PARK AND CEMETERY

AND L

PUBLISHED

R. J. HAIGHT, President

A N D S C

BY ALLIED

APE GARDENING

ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY

H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager

O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRI PTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $2.50: three years, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and otner countries
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the 15th of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the first of the month.

MARCH, 1917

EDITORIAL

VOL. XXVII No. 1

Another Imported Tree Disease

The poplars of the country are now threatened by a dan-
gerous fungous disease which has evidently been imported
in recent years from Europe. This disease attacks the
twigs, limbs and trunks of the black and Lombardy poplars
(Populus nigra) and of the Carolina poplars or cottonwoods
(Popuhis deitoides) , and may be expected to attack other
species of poplars and cottonwoods in regions not yet in-
vestigated, according to the plant pathologists of the United
States Department of Agriculture.

The disease is caused by the fungus Dothichiza populea.
It occurs first in the form of cankers or depressed dead
areas in the bark much in the same manner as in case of the
blight of chestnut trees, which is caused by a distinctly
different fungus. The effect of the fungus on poplar and
cottonwood trees is as follows : Cankers are formed at the
point of attack, spread rapidly and often girdle the twig,
limb or trunk at the point of attack, killing the part above
the canker. Trees attacked on the trunk become “spike
topped.” The death of limbs and twigs gives the trees a
ragged appearance, which spoils their beauty and later kills
them. This is especially the case with black poplars which
are frequently planted in rows along boulevards and avenues.

The European poplar-canker is most severe in its effect on
stored and transplanted nursery stock. Trees when in tran-
sit, and when heeled in the ground, or freshly transplanted in
the spring, are readily attacked by the fungus and ruined
within a very short period of time. This disease is spread by
means of spores produced in fruiting bodies in the form of
small pimples or pustules in the bark of the cankers. Erom
these pustules in springtime there are exuded small, sticky,
cream-colored tendrils which soon change to a tawny-olive
or even a walnut-brown. These tendrils contain millions of
spores which spread the disease in various ways.

During the past year the pathologists of the department
found the disease prevalent in small areas in certain dis-
tricts in the following states: New Hampshire, Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, Nebraska and New Mexico. The
centers of infections appear to be in every case either certain
nurseries now known to contain diseased trees, or points
where poplars received from such nurseries have been
planted. Owners of diseased poplar or cottonwood trees may
greatly assist if they will notify the Bureau of Plant Indus-
try, United States Department of Agriculture.

Editorial Notes

During the fiscal year 1916, 705,872 acres of national forest
timber lands were estimated and mapped intensively, and
1.093,006 extensively. In all, 20,815,798 acres have been
mapped by intensive methods and 47,291,660 by extensive
methods. The work of classifying and opening to home-
stead entry such lands in the national forests as are chiefly
valuable for agriculture is progressing rapidly. Already over
seventy million acres have been covered by field examinations
and the final reports acted upon.

For many years forest fires have swept over portions of
Long Island, burning grass, small trees and often destroying
the forest over considerable areas. Prof. Russell T. Gheen,
of the State College of Forestry, through co-operation with
T. M. Avery, manager of the Nassau County Farm Bureau,
and several large estate owners of Nassau and surrounding
counties, has just brought about the formation of the Broad
Hollow Forest Protective Association, which is the first fire-
protective association to be formed in the state. The follow-
ing officers were elected: President, Beekman Winthrop, of
the banking firm of Robt. Winthrop & Co., New York City;
vice-president, Ralph Ellis ; secreary-treasurer, Edward Mor-
gan, of J. P. Morgan & Co. Lynn Ayers, the manager of
Mr. Morgan’s estate, was elected chief fire warden. The
Fire Protective Association of Long Island will carry on an
educational campaign with the idea of working up sentiment
for the protection of woodlands throughout the island, the
thought being that eventually there should be a fire protective
association covering the entire island.

Acting under the authority of a special act of Con-
gress approved September 8, 1916, the President has, on

recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture, signed
a proclamation adding approximately 50,000 acres to the
Whitman National Forest, Oregon. The lands involved
are situated on the divide between the John Day, Powder,
and Burnt rivers, in east-central Oregon. Over 4,000
acres consist of timber lands which were included in
patented entries. As the result of suits brought by the
United States, the patents for these entries were canceled
by the courts because they were acquired through fraud or
mistake, and the lands were returned to government
ownership. The canceled claims carry a total estimated
stand of nearly 46,000,000 feet B. M. of timber.

The Secretary of Agriculture has authorized the loca-
tion survey of a section of the first project in road con-
struction submitted under the “National Forest section”
of the Federal Aid Road Act. This section is the only
one in the law which provides for actual construction of
roads by the federal government. Roads built under au-
thority of this part of the law are designed primarily to
promote economic development and to serve public con-
venience in localities where much of the land is in
national forests. The proposed road on which action is
taken is in the Apache National Forest, Greenlee County,
Arizona. The preliminary estimate of the cost of con-
struction of the seventy-one miles of road to be surveyed
is $342,500. Greenlee County proposes to hold a bond
election to raise the necessary funds to contribute fifty
per cent of this amount. An additional twenty-nine miles
of road in Apache County will be necessary to complete
the project, and, according to the preliminary estimate,
will bring the total cost to $420,000.

6 PARK AND CEMETERY.

Reclaiming Swamp Land in a Cemetery

How Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, reclaimed over
a million feet of sivanip land and made a ten-acre lake.

Few places have been beautified to such
an extent as to eliminate all objectionable
features. These may be hidden from the
eyes of the general public in various ways,
but never from the eyes of those closely
observant.

Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, with its
excellent topography, velvety lawns, nat-
ural trees and beautiful mortuary chapel,
has been the object of many tributes from
visitors to the cemetery from various
places over the country. But to Superin-
tendent Hobert and the cemetery officials
there has always existed the fact (although
never being called to the attention of vis-
itors) that there was at least one portion
of the grounds which could not be com-
mended.

Located in the southwestern portion of
the cemetery was a piece of swamp land
which in its original condition was abso-
lutely worthless, besides being a great mar
to the improved portion of the grounds.
This swamp contained 39.5 acres, bounded
on nearly the entire eastern side by a
precipitous bluff, having a height of about
fourteen feet, extending down to the top
of this bluff from a beautiful sloping hill
above, the ground had already been im-
proved.

Southwest of the center and entirely sur-
rounded by swamp was a natural knoll
which had been previously improved and a
passable drive constructed across the
swamp, connecting it with the main portion
of the cemetery. This swamp lay abso-
lutely level and so low that it was impos-
sible to arrange any method of drainage.
It was composed of a fairly solid bog
about four feet in depth, below which was
a thin mixture of decayed vegetable mat-
ter and water. Through the center of this
area flowed a sluggish creek, being the out-
let of Lake Calhoun and the inlet to Lake
Harriet. The whole swamp was practically
a floating bog, soundings showing a depth
of from five to sixty feet before reaching
sand bottom, while in some places holes or
pockets were found in which we did not
sound to full depth. Most of this area was
covered with a dense growth of tamarack
and birch, while in some of the dryer por-
tions a few elms were found. These trees
started from seed, were very insecurely
rooted, and were frequently being blown
over by high winds.

In the summer of 1912 it was decided by
the trustees of Lakewood Cemetery that it
would be advisable to attempt to reclaim a
nine-acre portion of the northeast end of
this swamp. Arrangements were made with
the Board of Park Commissioners of Min-
neapolis to secure approximately 150,000
cubic yards of sand from the bottom of
Lake Calhoun, which lies a distance of

about 300 feet from the nearest point of the
land to be filled.

A yardage contract was entered into with
the La Crosse Dredging Co., which at the
time was operating a hydraulic dredge on
this lake, to handle the material. A force
of men were immediately started at work
clearing this section of swamp, while our
engineer was obtaining cross ’ sections and
elevations as well as devising a system of
gauges to ascertain amount of subsidence
taking place as filling proceeded, this being
necessary in computing estimates. On ac-
count of variation of subsidence, gauges
were found necessary at each fifty-foot
cross section. These gauges consisted of
an upright from twelve to twenty feet in
height which was firmly secured to a base
three feet square. The elevation of ground
at base was taken, also a careful measure-
ment in feet from base to a mark near the
top of upright, this record, as well as loca-
tion of gauge, being carefully preserved.
These bases were firmly secured to top of
bog to prevent underworking of water and
material at first pumping : as material filled
over base, its size was sufficient to assure a
subsidence equal to that of the bog.

Plans were arranged with the idea that,
after filling was completed, cross sections
would be re-established, elevations taken
where needed, and especially at gauges, the
surface then to be platted. A measurement
was taken from top of fill to mark on
gauge — this, deducted from total height of
gauge, giving depth of sand fill at this point.
Ascertaining from gauges the depth of fill
at each fifty-foot cross section, and de-
termining intermediate points of interpola-
tion, a very accurate platting of base of fill
could he obtained, as well as anv desired
information in regard to subsidence. Where
filling was to be done on solid ground,
only elevations were necessary; In later
comparing carefully taken soundings, with
depth shown by gauges, soundings were
found very inaccurate, which would have
resulted in quite a loss to the contractor,
although on some pieces of similar work
they are considered reliable.

Actual operations were started by first
pumping a protecting dyke along car tracks,
followed by going over the entire area with
a light filling of sand. This was in order
to obtain a general subsidence of the bog
and prevent upheaval which would have re-
sulted otherwise.

On account of the late start and early
winter, little was accomplished the first sea-
son. The following spring operations were
again resumed, the first step being to go
over the area with a very heavy filling
which gave entire subsidence and assured
us of a firm foundation. The work pro-
gressed very favorably through the sum-

mer and by early fall the full amount of
150,000 cubic yards allowed us by the Park
Board had been handled, although the con-
templated fill had not been completed, owing
to an unexpected amount of subsidence.
Being unable to secure more material from
Lake Calhoun, we were compelled to devise
a method whereby we would be able to lo-
cate a new source of supply.

Our experience at this stage may be
summed up as follows :

1. That this bog, when given the great
weight of sand filling, compressed into a
surprising small space, necessitated heavier
filling to obtain our intended grades.

2. That on account of demanding heavier
filling we had exhausted our allowance
from the Park Board, with the filling of
our prescribed area not quite completed.

3. That hydraulic dredging was to us a
very practical as well as economical method
of accomplishing the desired result.

During the winter months plans were
formulated under which we could resume
operations in the spring. Our engineer, ac-
companied by dredge representatives, made
careful soundings of the entire swamp, not
only to ascertain the amount of material
needed to complete the nine acres already
partially filled, but to ascertain if by sacri-
ficing a portion of this remaining 30.5 acres
we could obtain thereby sufficient material
to warrant the awarding of a new contract
covering completion of work already start-
ed, also the filling of the remaining portion
of the swamp. The soundings disclosed the
fact that near the center of this swamp, at
a depth ranging from ten to fifty feet be-
low surface, was an excellent bed of sand
and gravel, and that by sacrificing about
10(4 acres of this center and excavating to
a maximum depth of 75 feet, we could ob-
tain sufficient sand to fill the entire remain-
ing area. Also, that in the excavation of
this 10l4 acres we would be constructing a
lake which could be made very beautiful.
This lake, receiving the entire overflow of
Lake Calhoun, as well as a supply from
numerous springs, would guarantee us an
abundance of excellent water. This alone
meant much to Lakewood, as owing to the
rapidly increasing development of ground,
necessitating an increased supply of water,
each year found our supply more inade-
quate. Numerous wells had been sunk,
with unsatisfactory results, also permission
to obtain water from city lakes had been
refused us. B}^ the construction of a new
pump house and utilizing the opportunity
afforded us by this proposed lake, our wa-
ter problem would be solved.

Another feature brought out in these
new plans was the fact that by working
under the mud in this proposed lake, re-
moving sand and allowing what mud was

PARK AND CEMETERY.

7

aRewo (

AKi:WO D.Ll

j! |Ylinneapolis.(Ylinn

NO. 1. OUTLINE MAP OF LAKEWOOD. SHOWING LOCATION NO. 5. OUTLINE MAP OF LAKEWOOD, SHOWING LAKE
OF SWAMP LAND. AND SECTIONS RECLAIMED.

pumped to return to the lake, we would be
able to obtain sufficient amount of this ma-
terial to insure at least a foot covering
over the entire sand fill. Samples of this
mud were carefully analyzed and the re-
sults showed that with a mixture of from
one-eighth to one-quarter part sand, thor-
oughly worked, no better soil for lawn pur-
poses could be obtained.

These plans being drawn up, same were
adopted by the Board of Trustees, and a
new contract covering pumping of sand,
also top covering of mud for soil purposes,
was entered into with the La Crosse
Dredging Co. The estimate on this con-
tract was not to exceed 500,000 cubic yards
of material and at an increase of 4 cents
per yard over the former contract price.
This increase was made to cover the in-
stallation of dredge and excavator and the

casting of dykes necessary for mud cov-
ering.

Clearing and engineering work was
rushed so that early spring saw operations
again resumed.

The outline of the proposed lake having
been established, the excavator was placed
in operation casting up embankment, and
excavating an opening for launching of
dredge. Operations proceeded in a similar
manner to those of former season, with
the following exceptions:*

In hydraulic dredging, an average of at
least 85 per cent of pumping consists of
water. This means that with each day’s
operation the disposal of at least 1,500,000
gallons of water is to be contended with.
As we were not permitted to sluice water
onto any adjoining property, our only re-
course was by natural outlet, and even in

doing this we were obliged to return all
water to the lake to prevent the light ma-
terial and sediment from obstructing con-
duits on adjoining land.

Our plan was to eventually handle the
water flowing through creek in center of
swamp by a large conduit. This conduit,
starting from Lake Calhoun, would have
discharge in our proposed lake. Again
starting at the outlet of proposed lake,
would continue direct to Lake Harriet. To
have constructed this before first filling the
swamp would have been useless, as it
would undoubtedly have been destroyed by
subsidence. Our method of procedure was
to complete the filling under the course of
the conduit without obstructing the creek.
This would allow its construction during
winter and would permit filling the bed of
the creek the following season.

ILLUSTRATION NO. 3.

C/S033 3ECT/Or\/ SHOWING

S/7ND r/L L -3W/fMP3UB5/ DENCE

8

PARK AND CEMETERY.

The popular idea seemed to be that in
dredge work the final completion of filling
meant a practically flat surface, also that
the only method of eliminating this was
by extensive team work.

Our plans were to obtain high rolling
sections. These would, when completed,
present all appearances of natural ground,
as well as drain the surface water to catch
basins along drives. We also wished to
eliminate the steep bluff on the east side of
swamp by carrying a fast rising grade to
harmonize with slope of hill above.

Had this w’ork been done by other meth-
ods, it would have meant much team work
at a great additional expense. Our plan
w'as to avoid all such work possible, and
as filling progressed, our engineer located
and determined approximate grades of
drives, and every effort w'as made to se-
cure the heaviest and best of material un-
der them. By so doing, w^e avoided pock-
eting of mud and quicksand.

Our plan to secure high and rolling sec-
tions was carried out in the following
manner :

As pumping continued, and discharge line
crossed road and entered proposed section,
a sharp rise in grade w'as made. By the
use of sheer plank to prevent back wash,
this rise was continued, slightly diminish-
ing, until center of section was reached. A
decreasing grade then gave a perfect con-
tour to drive on opposite side of section.

As the contour map shows (see illustra-
tion No. 2), the center of all these sections
stands at least seven or eight feet higher
than encircling drives, while in approaching
the hill in some places a rise as steep as
seven feet in one hundred was used. All
filling along the bluff w'as carried to a
height of at least fifteen feet over elevation
of drive below. Practically all the team
work necessary was in what may be termed
sand papering. In this method of contour-
ing, subsidence had to be closely observed
and allowances made in grade setting, also
plans so handled as to secure an outlet for
water.

Work progressed very nicely during this
season, our proposed lake supplying us with
the finest of material. Some trouble was
experienced, however, in the plugging of
dredge intake by roots, etc., but, of course,
this was expected in this kind of exca-
vating. The winter shutdown afforded an
opportunity for construction of conduits to
replace the old creek. This required quite
a little time on account of sheathing, but
spring found this completed and everything
ready for the resuming of operations.
Some difficulties were experienced in han-
dling filling without obstructing traffic on
the drive crossing the swamp, as well as
from the flooding of drives around sec-
tions Nos. 19 and 20, but by proper care
and planning this was accomplished. Early
in the summer filling was completed to
such an extent as to allow us to construct
new drives, reaching to the southwestern
portion of the cemetery, which permitted
our abandoning and filling of old drives.

The approach of winter found us with sand
filling entirely completed.

During the season, as fast as sand fill
was completed, each section was smoothed
up to sub-grade by teams, the idea being to
have proposed sections and drives in a per-
fect condition before starting our mud
pumping.

With the opening of spring, 1916, plans
for mud pumping were completed and work
started immediately. Our engineer first
made a complete survey of each section
and a contour map showing elevations,
proposed dykes and sluice arrangements.
Each detail was carefully gone over by
representatives of the dredging company.
It was found that a practical dyke should
be 3.5 feet in height, with a usual one to
one slope. These dykes, so far as possible,
were to be cast from the lower side, which
would permit at little expense, on account
of light depth of mud, the later replacing
of sand in original e.xcavation (see illustra-
tion No. 3). As before stated, this mud
required a mixture of at least one-eighth
part sand. This was carefully considered,
and where the greater part of sand was
later needed for mixing purposes, excava-
tion from both sides of the dykes was per-
mitted. A dyke was found necessary at
each two and one-half foot rise or fall in
elevation. All dykes were set on a level
grade, this grade continuing until the end
of section was reached, or perhaps a com-
plete encirclement made, this depending on
contour of ground.

The important item was to have a per-
fect circulation of water and material, also
the proper arrangement of sluice pipes to
convey material from one dyke to another.
It was found necessary to elevate the line
conveying material to section over the top
of dykes, as otherwise vibration would
have caused their washout.

In pumping, the discharge was made in
upper dyke No. 1 (see illustration No. 4),
where it traversed its entire length and was
then by sluices carried into dyke No. 2,
which was 2^2 feet lower than dyke No. 1.
Having traversed the length of No. 2, No.
3 was entered and traversed its entire
length ; this continued until each dyke on
section had been entered. Owing to the
complete circulation, all solid material set-
tled, was retained, and the water found
practically clear when finally discharged
into the lake.

At the start of this pumping, sluice
pipes were held high enough to give
about 2 feet of dead water behind each
dyke. This allowed the solid material
to collect in each dyke in turn, until a
filling of mud to the height of sluices
was obtained. These sluices were then
given a lift of another foot where the
same results in regard to filling were
again obtained. This was repeated until
sufficient depth of mud was deposited.

When wishing to shorten the length
of conveying line, which also reduced
height of lift, the filling of upper dykes
were given entire attention, resulting in

their immediate completion. The line was
then pulled back to lower unfilled dykes
and operations again resumed.

Note detail sketch in No. 4 illustrating
this work as handled on a very steep
hillside section. This section contained
an area of 233,300 square feet. The mud
estimated on illustrated piece of ground
when completed, was 11,415 cubic yards,
meaning an average fill of 1.32 feet.
This material also was distributed so as
to require little handling by teams. The
amount of sand needed for mixing pur-
poses was easily obtained from the
dykes. Any sand remaining unused after
this was done was easily replaced in its
former place of excavation. Of course, this
mud required a thorough mixing and
working before seeding. No two sections
could be handled alike in mud pumping,
as their contours and outlines varied ex-
tensively. Some were entirely encircled
by drives which were depressed seven
or eight feet lower than center of sec-
tion. These w'ere handled by circular
dykes. Discharge of material being
made in center of highest dyke, sluiced
from this into second highest, where it
would make a complete encirclement of
section; then being carried by another
set of sluices into next lower dyke
where another encirclement was made.
In all cases, water was finally returned
to the lake without entering any present
or proposed drives. In some cases in
order to do this, we were required to
use sluice pipes crossing road, where
water was entered into another section,
where dykes had not yet been filled with
mud. This allowed the outlet of water
to the lake without any unnecessary
building of dykes.

In some cases, small wing dykes were
necessary to make proper distribution of
material. In this work, some seepage
of water was experienced at start of
pumping, but this was easily eliminated
by giving face of dyke a light plaster-
ing of mud, also in some places where
dykes were below the required height,
we were able to give quite a little raise
by mud topping. The big item of ex-
pense to contractor in this mud W'ork,
was the building of dykes of which ’h'/i
miles were necessary. In their construc-
tion, no practical method except hand
shoveling was found.

In summing up the mud pumping, we
found that 936,452 square feet of ground
had been covered. The total estimate of
mud when completed w'as 43,730 cubic
yards, giving an average depth of 1.25
feet. Had we been able to obtain this
amount of black soil anywhere else,
the cost of shoveling alone would have
been as great as the total cost of han-
dling by this method. The completion
of mud pumping left but one item to be
considered, this being the sand beaching
around the lake. In the construction of
outline of lake, a heavy embankment of

PARK AND CEMUTERY.

9

NO. 2. CONTOUR MAP OF SWAMP LAND RECLAIMED IN LAKEWOOD CEMETERY.

NO. 4. SHOWING METHOD OF PUMPING OUT MUD ON HILLSIDE SECTION.

k

10

PARK AND CEMETERY.

mud had been cast up by the excavator.
This embankment acted as a protection
dyke and permitted heavy filling of sand
behind it. After the object of this em-
bankment had been accomplished, all
surplus material above grade of shore
line was removed and used as black soil
where needed, but as the front of this
embankment presented only a mud beach
for our otherwise beautiful lake, a new
contract was entered into with the
Dredging Company for the construction
of a sand beach. Conditions not per-
mitting an accurate estimate of material
pumped, this contract was let on a per
diem basis.

The excavator started operations by
first going around the lake and trimming
shore line to a perfect condition. A
shelf about twelve feet wide was then
excavated to a height of one foot above
the water, and the material handled, was
cast l)ack on edge of sand fill. In the
dredging operations, the line conveying
material was laid three feet from rear
of excavated shelf, and hoisted on blocks
to desired grade of beach. Four lengths
of 25 foot spill pipe were used on end of
line. These spill pipes were equipped
with a gate every four feet which could
be readily opened or closed as needed.
At start of pumping, gates were left
open, practically all sand being spilled
through the first few gates. The first
gate receiving the larger portion; the
greater part of the water as well as large
stones being spilled at the end of line.

.\s the piling of sand continued under
these gates, the action of the water
would carry a large portion of it out
over the edge of the shelf, thus estab-
lishing a natural foundation in the
deeper water. .\lso, this water and ma-
terial would wear away the outer edge
of shelf, allowing natural slope of fill to

extend back, and when this reached
height of grade, gate would be closed.
This operation was repeated at each
gate until end of the fourth spill pipe
was reached. This meant a completion
of 100 feet of beach. Spill pipes were
then removed, and four solid ones re-
placed them, with spill pipe again placed
on the end. When the material appeared
to be e.xtending too far out into the
lake, the use of sheer plank would break
the current of water and give a much
closer and steeper base. The height of
this beach at rear of excavated shelf was
three feet over that of the lake eleva-
tion. This permitted a very beautiful
slope to the water’s edge.

The construction of this sand beach
required quite a quantity of material
and time, but when completed, was the
only thing needed to bring out the fact
that this piece of work from start to
finish, while attended with many diffi-
culties, w'ould always stand as a monu-
ment to those involved.

This completed the final contract with
the I^a Crosse Dredging Company. The
long winters of Minnesota, each which
had compelled a shut-dowm of several
months, had prolonged this construction
to a period extending over four years,
during which time, an approximate esti-
mate of 600,000 cul)ic yards of material
had been handled.

While with the completion of dredg-
ing, the big item of expense is elimi-
nated, much still remains to be done be-
fore this reclaimed ground can be placed
on the market. There are 5,750 feet of
new drive to stone, besides sewers and
catch basins necessary for its drainage.
Section No. 22 has l)een graded, seeded
and platted ready for sale, also many
trees have been planted.

The method of preparing this ground
for seeding is as follows:

After first obtaining the amount of
sand from dykes required for mixing
purposes, any of this sand not needed
was again replaced in its former ex-
cavation. Any shifting or distributing
of black dirt needed was then done, and
a deep plowing was given, which thor-
oughly mi.xed the sand into the mud. If
not found sufficient, a later plowing fol-
lowed, after which it was thoroughly
disced and harrowed, which gave it a
very mellow appearance. This ground
was then gone over with a roller, fol-
lowed by seeding, seed being raked in
and another light rolling was given,
which completed the operation. By first
platting this section into lots, we were
able to set out trees so that they would
in no way interfere with monuments
and burials at a later period. The high
and perfectly contoured filling of these
sections which in every way complies
with the natural ground in the vicinity,
will in a few \ears after trees have ob-
tained some growth, defy even the most
expert eye to determine that this ground
had ever been otherwise than in its
present natural appearing condition.

What this improvement means to
Lakewood:

1. 1,159,130 square feet of ground
after deduction of drives, has been re-
claimed. This also makes available a large
amount of contiguous property.

2. A beautiful lake having an area of
10]4 acres and maximum depth of 75
feet, which assures us of an abundance
of excellent water for all cemetery uses.

3. The riddance of a 39k2-acre swamp
which for years had been a mar to the
beauties of Lakewood Cemetery as well
as to this section of the city.

Progress in National P ark IN 0 r k

By Stephen T. Mather, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

(CoiieJiiiIciI.)

A survey of the 1916 season in Yoscniite
National Park (juickly and clearly defines
three heads under which its development
may be discussed. These are : first, new
contracts covering large public-service con-
cessions ; second, increased federal appro-
priations for improvement and protection
of the park; third, removal of restrictions
on motor travel.

For many years the department unsuc-
cessfully endeavored to induce parties wdth
capital to undertake the construction of
new hotels in the park, particularly on the
floor of the valley. No individual or cor-
poration could be interested in the park,
and its future at the opening of the expo-
sition season was dark indeed. Then D. J.
Desmond, of San Francisco, general com-
missary contractor operating in all sections
of the state, a young man already suc-
cessful in business, a man of vision and

immense energy, had the situation in the
Vosemite brought to his attention. He
saw its opportunities and applied for a
comprehensive concession covering the
operation of hotel, camps, transportation
service, stores, garages, etc.

This application was not granted to him
at that time, but he was permitted to in-
stall and operate a new camp during the
1916 season with the understanding that
if he rendered good service in his camp
he would have a long-time concession. He
built and operated the Yosemite Falls
Camp and gave his guests service of a
high order. He more than met the con-
ditions. Accordingly, the department en-
tered into contracts with the Desmond
Park Service Co., of which Mr. Desmond
is president, covering the following; The
erection of a hotel on the floor of the
valley to cost not less than $150,000; and

another hotel at Glacier Point to cost ap-
proximately $35,000; camps on the floor
of the valley ; lodges at various points in
the higher parts of the park and along the
Tioga Road, which crosses the park at
some distance from the rim of the gorge ;
the installation and operation of automo-
bile transportation on all the roads of the
park open to motor travel ; the operation
of trail transportation, and the construc-
tion and operation of stores, garages, etc.

The privileges granted in these contracts
by their terms are to be exercised for a
period of 20 years, and the department in
consideration of granting these concessions
receives annually, during the first two
years of the life of the contract, 25 per
cent of the net profits of the enterprise,
and thereafter 50 per cent of the net profit.
The net profit of the company is deter-
mined by deducting from the gross income

PARK AND CEMETERY.

11

.'6 per cent on money invested in the en-
rterprise, depreciation of equipment, build-
ings, etc., and expenses of operation such
as salaries, advertising and insurance. It
i-s provided, however, that, if this profit-
sharing clause operates to the disadvantage
of the department, it may elect at the end
of two years to take 4 per cent of the
■gross income of the company instead of
a share of the net profits.

Congress made a more liberal appropri-
ation for Yosemite National Park for the
'fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, than for
any previous period. This appropriation
made available $250,000 for protection and
improvement of the park. It was provided,
however, that not more than $150,000
might be expended in the construction of
a new hydro-electric power plant, and not
more than $75,000 in regrading the El Por-
tal road. There was nothing specifically
appropriated for other roads in the park,
but they were improved with revenue de-
rived from concessions granted, automo-
bile license fees, and from miscellaneous
sources.

Travel to Yosemite Park was very heavy
this season. It approximately equaled that
■of last season. The records indicate that
33,390 visitors registered at the park check-
ing station prior to October 12. Of those,
14,166 came in private machines. The av-
erage stay of tourists in the park was
longer than the average period spent in the
park in previous years.

The increase in motor travel was re-
markable, and a comparison of the num-
ber of machines entering the park this sea-
son with the number registered during
1914 and 1915 constitutes the best index
■of the sound, substantial growth of the
park’s popularity that I can mention. The
records indicate that in 1914, 673 cars en-
tered the park; in 1915, 3,895; and in 1916,
|)rior to October 12, 3,938. This season,
14,166 tourists entered the park in private
machines. It is generally understood that
automobile parties remain in the park a
longer time than any other class of tour-
ists. This is particularly true of those
who visited the floor of the valley in their
■cars.

In Mount Rainier National Park a com-
prehensive concession of the same char-
acter as that granted the Desmond Park
Service Company in Yosemite National
Park was granted the Rainier National
Park Company. I-t grants similar priv-
ileges of operating hotels, camps, trans-
portation service, mercantile establishments,
garages, etc., and the time for which these
privileges may he exercised is a period of
20 years. Here, again, the department will
share the net profits of the enterprise.
Twenty-five per cent will be the Govern-
ment’s share for the first five years, and
50 per cent thereafter. However, there is
provision for a change to another basis of
compensation in the event that the profit-
sharing plan proves unsatisfactory. The
alternative basis has not been definitely

stipulated, but will be agreed upon between
the department and the company should a
revision of the clause governing the com-
pensation later prove advisable. Under the
terms of tliis contract, the Rainier Nation-
al Park Company has constructed and oper-
ated, during the season of 1916, a camp
at the mouth of the Nisqually Glacier, and,
late in the season, opened another camp in
Paradise Valley. It has under course of
construction a first-class hotel-camp in Par-
adise Valley which will be opened for ac-
commodation of tourists next season. The
company also operates a first-class automo-
bile service between the cities of Tacoma
and Seattle and various points in the park.

As the road system in the park is ex-
tended, the company will establish new
hotels and camps to meet the tourist de-
mand, and will operate automobile serv-
ice on all new park roads. The service
rendered by this company, during the 1916
season, was eminently satisfactory.

Hotel accommodations in Crater Lake
National Park have never been satisfac-
tory, and this year there was no improve-
ment in them over former years. The de-
velopment of accommodations and trans-
portation service in this park must be un-
dertaken on the same broad scale that the
new concessions in Yosemite and Mount
Rainier are now being handled. When
such accommodations and facilities are pro-
vided for the comfort and convenience of
visitors, the Southern Pacific Railroad
Company can be expected to operate high-
class train service to Kirk, on the east
side of the park, thus making it possible
for the tourist to enter the park bv the
west entrance and leave through Kirk in
the Klamath direction, or the reverse. I
hope to completely reorganize the Crater
Lake concession within a few weeks and
make conditions definitely attractive for
1917 travel.

The War Department, under a $50,000
appropriation, has continued the construc-
tion of a scenic highway around the lake
under the direction of army engineers.
The appropriations, however, for the admin-
istration of the park have been very small,
and there is no authority for using rev-
enues of the park for its administration
and protection. It has therefore been im-
possible to build a very necessary water
system, a small electric plant, and make
other improvements of this character. The
lack of water at the Crater Lake Lodge
on the rim caused considerable inconveni-
ence during the summer.

In Sequoia National Park the lack of
roads and hotel accommodations, while not
discouraging tourist travel particularly, has
militated against the park’s popularity. A
new hotel or camp is a necessity and it is
essential that a new administrative build-
ing be erected and an adequate water sys-
tem be installed in the Giant Forest ; also
that provision be made for the sanitation
of the village in the Forest.

As the Giant Forest is the scenic attrac-

tion of the park at the present time, and
indeed the only accessible part, its im-
provement must have attention. The ma-
jor portion of the trees in the Giant Forest
grow on land held in private ownership
but, as I have stated, Congress has appro-
priated $50,000 and the National Geographic
Society has advanced $20,000 to complete
their purchase and revest title to them in
the Phiited States.

Funds were also appropriated by Con:
gress for a new bridge over the Alarble
Fork of the Kaweah River near the Giant
Forest.

The new basis of compensation for priv-
ileges granted to the Mount Whitney
Power & Electric Company in the park
has netted the revenue fund more than
$7,000 during the past year. This fund is
now just large enough to protect and ad-
minister the park. Appropriations for im-
provements only will be requested.

Senate bill 5913, introduced by Senator
Phelan, of California, and House bill 13168,
by Representative Kent, of the same state,
providing for enlarging Sequoia National
Park to include the Kings and Kern Can-
yons and several miles of the crest of the
Sierra Nevada, including Mount Whitney,
are now pending in Congress. The
early enactment of this legislation can-
not be too strongly urged.

The public land proposed to be added
to Sequoia National Park by these meas-
ures will never be valuable for any other
than park purposes. Cattle are grazed on
the mountain meadows during part of the
year, but the administration of these mead-
ows as part of the park will not Interfere
with the exercise of grazing privileges for
many years to come. Small tracts of land
here and there will be fenced for pasturage
of live stock used by tourists.

Sequoia Park now has the giant sequoia
trees as its one attraction, but if enlarged
as proposed it will become a scenic park
of as much distinction as that possessed
by any other park in the system. Further-
more, it will become a game sanctuary of
as much importance as the Yellowstone
National Park.

General Grant National Park had a 50
per cent increase in the number of visitors
this year. There has been a remarkable
increase in travel to this park since 1914.
In that season, 3.735 visitors registered in
the park. Last year the number jumped
to 10,523, and this year to 15,360; 8,612
people entered this year in automobiles.

The fees from automobiles so increased
the revenues of this park that it may now
be administered without appropriations by
Congress. However, a federal appropria-
tion will be needed for an adequate water
system, for a new ranger station and for
other improvements that are absolutely es-
sential to its proper development.

Rocky Mountain National Park .\y^s vis-
ited this year by more people than any

12

PARK AND CEMETERY

other large scenic park. The village of
Estes Park, just outside of its boundaries,
and large resorts situated near the park,
were taxed to their maximum capacity
throughout the season. There was a scar-
city of accommodations of all kinds. Au-
tomobile service appears to have been
the only necessary service which was
adequate to meet all demands, and it
is understood that the transportation
company operating this service out of
Denver, Boulder, Loveland, Longmont,
Lyons and other cities on numerous
occasions was compelled to decline to car-
ry passengers to the park because of in-
sufficient hotel and camp accommodations
in Estes Park and in Rocky iMountain
Park itself. I am reliably informed that,
prior to the opening of the 1917 season,
large additions to several of the larger
hotels will have been constructed, and that
these will be adequate for the anticipated
heavy travel. This season’s extraordinary
increase was not foreseen and could hardly
have been anticipated.

Beyond the work of maintaining the
trail system and telephone lines, the depart-
ment has been unable to undertake any im-
provement of this park. A clause in the
organic act establishing this park inhibits
the appropriation of more than $10,000 an-
nually for its administration, protection
and improvement. This sum is just suffi-
cient to administer and protect it. Before
its improvement is undertaken, therefore,
this inhibition on the amount which may be
appropriated each year must be removed.
Senate bill 6854, introduced by Senator
Shafroth, of Colorado, is designed to ac-
complish this end, but it has not had the
consideration of either house or Congress.
The revenues of the park are turned into
the miscellaneous receipts of the treasury.

Some years ago, the state of Colorado
undertook the construction of a road
across the Continental Divide from Estes
Park to Grand Lake by way of Eall River
and Milner Pass, but the road has never
been completed. The state, however, is
continuing to build a few miles of the
highway each year. Until this road is
completed by the state, and other improve-
ments are made by the Federal Govern-
ment, visitors to this splendid scenic park
will find it accessible only to persons ac-
customed to foot or horseback travel on
the trails.

House bill 10124, now pending in the
Senate, provides for the addition to the
Rocky Mountain National Park of a num-
ber of scenic tracts, including Twin Sisters,
Deer Mountain, Gem Lake and The
Needles. Should this measure be enacted,
the east boundary of the park will be
brought very close to the city limits of
Estes Park.

The season of 1916 brought an increase
in travel to Hot Springs Reservation in
the Ozarks of Arkansas, and, as might be
expected, an increase also in the indigent
sick who became at once a charge upon the

community and upon charitable organiza-
tions of the city.

Less than a year ago, I spent a week
carefully studying conditions in Hot
Springs. I found that the burden of car-
ing for the afflicted poor that annually
came into the city to bathe at the Govern-
ment free bathhouse was very heavy, and
I cannot too highly commend the efforts
of the men and women who are constantly
devoting themselves to the alleviation of
the suffering of these people and to pro-
viding them with sufficient nourishment to
enable them to seek relief from their ills
by bathing in these healing waters.

iMesa Verde National Park possesses his-
torical and scientific features that should
bring it a very large tourist patronage.
There are no facilities for the care of
many visitors at one time, , how'ever, and
neither has there been sufficient road im-
provement to make the important cliff
dwellings and the scenic sections of the
park readily accessible. Nevertheless,
1,385 people visited the park during the
1916 season, an increase of more than 100
per cent over 1915.

Here again we point to a park for which
the funds appropriated by Congress are
wholly inadequate. Liberal appropriations
for a year or two would make the park
available to tens of thousands.

Further important discoveries of prehis-
toric structures and implements were made
in the park during the summer by Dr. J.
Walter Fewkes, of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution. His explorations were financed by
both the National Park Service and the
Smithsonian Institution. Many curios and
rare objects of historic interest recently

.SPIRE BLOWN OFF BY WIND.

The accompanying illustrations show the
results of a windstorm in a cemetery at
Mechanicsville, N. Y. It is not very often
that the wind blows with sufficient violence
to overturn monuments, but the photo-
graphs show a ten-foot spire that was
lifted off its die and hurled to the ground.

The spire struck the bases in falling,
grinding off some of the edges of these

uncovered are being carried away by tour-
ists because the park has no place to house
them and protect them. A museum should
be constructed in the park, and an effort
made to recover some of the important
relics that have been carried away. If
there is a building in which these objects,
may be placed for preservation, in all like-
lihood many valuable relics will be volun-
tarily returned to the park.

There have lieen no important develop-
ments in the smaller parks, nor have I any
recommendations to make with respect tO’
their improvement and management.

On the whole, we should be well pleased,,
if not satisfied, with the year's accomplish-
ment. While nothing new has been com-
pleted, we have made substantial begin-
nings in most important directions.

Of first importance is the creation of the
national park service, which makes all
things possible.

Of perhaps ecjual importance is the prac-
tical establishment on sound business lines
of the principle of Government participa-
tion in concessioners' profits, which makes
eventual financial independence for the na-
tional parks possible, and, with wise admin-
istration, probable.

Also of very great importance is the
creation of a spirit of hearty co-operation
among concessioners, railroads and park
officials. There is much still lacking here,
but the beginnings are inspiring.

Finally, the sympathy and spirit of help-
fulness shown by Congress in this public-
spirited endeavor to realize a vast national
destiny is tremendously encouraging.

And the enthusiastic, whole-hearted way
in which American people are rising to
their opportunity is a genuine delight.

HOW SPIRE LANDED ON BASE.

stones and burying itself into the ground,
as seen in the illustration. The base is
5-6x5-6 and the spire 1-7x1-7x10-0.

In the background of one of the pictures
may be seen a tall column very close to
the damaged monument which escaped en-
tirely from the ravages of the wind. Sev-
eral other smaller monuments, however,
were also badly damaged.

Monuments l^emolished by Udnd storm

PARK AND CEMETERY.

13

Interesting Type of Park Swimming Pool

walls of the building. The northeast
belvedere is to be used as a shelter for
the public during inclement or rainy
weather, and will afford an excellent view
of the swimming pool as well as of the
surrounding scenery. The southeast
belvedere gives access to the natural
cave in Sulphur mountain. This cave
contains the small pool with the hot
sulphur springs, and also fantastic rock
formations in the walls and roof, and is
lighted by a natural shaft extending to
^e surface of the ground. The tunnel
between the belvedere and the cave has
been paved with concrete, and electric
lights installed at intervals. As this cave

F,XTERIOR OF NEW RATH HOUSE AND StVIJIMING POOL, ROCKY ^MOUNTAINS
PARK, BANFF, CANADA.

The new bath-house and outdoor
swimming pool recently erected by the
Canadian Dominion Parks in the Rocky
Mountains Park at Banff, is an inter-
esting type of outdoor natatorium.

The building is of very pleasing de-
sign, built upon the side of Sulphur
mountain between the Cave and Hot
Springs basin, and adds greatly to the
charm of the landscape, in addition to
supplying a long-felt want in the way of
additional bathing accommodation. In
the past, many tourists who desired to
patronize the baths have been unable to
do so, owing to the limited number
which could be accommodated at one
time.

The present building is only half of
the plan as projected by the architect;
when the other half is undertaken and
the grounds below the terrace drained
and artistically laid out in conformity
with the general rearrangement plans,
Banff will certainly be the ‘‘Gem of the
Rockies.”

The walls of the building are con-
structed of reinforced concrete, faced on
the outside with blue limestone quarried
■in the locality, the inside face being
rtibbed smooth and then painted. The
intention of the architect in using the
local limestone for the outside facing
was to have a building that would
harmonize with the surroundings and
scenery, and it is admitted by all who
have seen it that the building is very
successful in this respect.

At the northeast and southeast cor-
ners there are two belvederes, con-
structed of the stone and roofed with
red Spanish tile, which lends an attract-
ive touch of color to the grey limestone

is always a popular resort with tourists,
the increased facilities for access to it
should be much appreciated.

The swimming pool is 150 feet long
by 35 feet wide, and is the largest of its
kind in Canada. At the shallow end the
depth is 3 feet, from which it gradually
deepens to 8 feet. Diving blocks, chutes
and springboards have been installed so
that bathers will have every facility for
enjoying themselves. A scum trough ex-
tends around the edges of the pool, the
water being drawn off by pipes, thus
preventing the accumulation of scum on
the surface, which it would otherwise be
impossible to prevent, owing to the
water being so highly impregnated with
sulphur. The walls and floors of the
pool are lined with porcelain brick so
that it can easily be kept clean and
sanitary. Supply pipes have been laid
from the natural pool, so that an ample
supply of hot sulphur water is assured.
A drain pipe has also been laid from the
deep end, and the pool may be rapidly
emptied by means of this pipe whenever
it is considered desirable for cleaning or
other purposes.

Dressing rooms, capable of accom-
modating 132 persons, have been built
along the south side of the pool. The
roof over these dressing rooms and over
the entrance portico form two terraces
and a promenade, which are reached by
stairs at the southeast corner of the
building. The terraces are each 4 feet
wide, and the promenade 25 feet wide.
■As a splendid view of the pool may be
had from either of the terraces or the
promenade, it is to be expected that
they will prove very popular in fine
weather.

SWIMMING POOL IN BATH HOUSE AT BANFF, ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK.

14

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Light is supplied to the dressing
rooms by means of luxifer prism lights
in the floor of the terraces and promen-
ade, the light being diffused by means
of an arch of diffuser sashes extending
over the dressing rooms; this arch is

also fitted with five hundred 25-watt
Mazda lights for the supply of artificial
light when necessary.

A steam heating plant of 80 horse-
power is also used to operate a laundry
plant. A small hot water heater is also

used to keep the water in the pool up to
an average temperature of 90 degrees in
cold weather, when, owing to the large
surface of the pool, there will possibly
be a lowering of the temperature of the
water.

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A dcpai'tineut of Legal Advice and Discussion on froblcms that confront
forks and cemeteries. You are iiwitcd to ask questions zvhichxvill be anszvered
by an attorney zvithout charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Assessments of Cemetery Property

Editor Legal Department: Are ceme-
teries liable for street improvements —
special assessment for paving, etc., in
Iowa? We are up against it to the tune
of about $7,000, and would like some-
thing in the law line that would help us
out. Your December articles were good,
also in January issue, but we are in
Iowa and the lawyers do not give us
any encouragement. — H. S., la.

It is with regret that the law editor of
Park and Cemetery is unable to give an
opinion and cite authorities showing the
law to be as our Iowa friend would like it.

The general rule of law is that ceme-
teries, although exempt from taxes, are
liable to assessment for local improve-
ments, unless total lack of benefit can
be shown or express exemption be
granted. (28 Cyc. 1132.)

The Iowa statutes seem to exempt
cemetery property, with certain limita-
tions, from liability for general taxes,
but not from local assessments for mu-
nicipal improvements. Section 1304,
Iowa Code Supplement, 1915, reads:

“The following classes of property
are not to be taxed:

“1 ^ * public grounds, includ-

ing all places for the burial of the dead,
crematoriums, the land on which they
are built and appurtenant thereto not
exceeding one acre, so long as no divi-
dends or profits are derived therefrom,
* * *

“2. All grounds and buildings used
for * * * cemetery associations and

societies, * * * ^ot exceeding 160

acres in extent, and not leased or other-
wise used with a view to pecuniary
profit.”

The above quoted statutes are a part
of the general tax laws of the state, and
I find no law exempting from liability
for local improvement assessments.

Neither do I find any decision of the
Iowa Supreme Court directly bearing
upon the subject, but I cite below some
opinions of that court which support a
view that such special assessments are
valid. It seems doubtful, however, that
an assessment could be enforced to the
extent of a forced sale of lots in which
interments have been made. I believe
that the only remedy available to the
city would be enforcement of the as-
sessment against funds or other prop-

erty of the cemetery association or com-
pany. At least, it seems fairly clear
that no tax sale of the land could de-
stroy its character as a permanent burial
place.

In the case of Simeoke vs. Sayre, 148
Iowa Reports, 132, the Supreme Court
decided that unsold lots of a cemetery
operated for profit were not exempt
from general taxation under the statutes
above quoted. The following language
of the opinion has some obvious bearing
on the question of enforcing special im-
provement assessments against cemetery
property.

“Some kind of implied exemption aris-
ing out of public policy is claimed, but
in our opnion there is no such exemp-
tion. It may be that the lots so laid out
and on the strength of which other lots
were sold cannot be devoted to other
purposes than for the burial of the dead;
but with that question we are not con-
cerned. Even though the use be limited,
this is no reason why they may not be
sold at tax sale. Authorities upon the
question are not numerous; but Brown
vs. Pittsburgh (Pa.) 16 Atl. 43, tends to
support our conclusion.

^ * Applying the principle that

taxation is the rule and exemption the
exception, and that he who claims prop-
erty is exempt must point out a statute
conferring the privilege, we have no
hesitation in holding that the unsold lots
and land were properly assessed for tax-
ation.”

The case of Sioux City vs. Inde-
pendent School District, 7 Northwestern
Reporter, 488, decided by the Iowa Su-
preme Court, holding that the statute
exempting school property from taxation
did not exempt from liability for a spe-
cial assessment for a sidewalk in front
of school premises, has a strong bearing
here. If, as was decided in that case,
the general exemption from taxation
provided for by the Iowa laws relates
only to ordinary taxes for revenue pur-
poses in the case of school property, it
would seem that the same court would
hold that the same principle applies in
the case of cemeteries. In fact, the
opinion in the last cited case refers to a
New York decision involving the right
to levy assessments against cemetery
property. The Iowa court said:

“In the leading case of The Applica-
tion of the Mayor of New York, 11 John.

77, church property was exempted from
being ‘taxed by, any law of the state,’
and it was held this had reference to
the general and public taxes only, and
did not apply to assessments made for
enlarging and improving a street. To
the same effect are Buffalo City Ceme-
tery vs. Buffalo, 46 N. Y. 506; * *

In the last mentioned Iowa case it was
assumed by the parties that the school
property could not be sold to satisfy the
sidewalk assessment, and I have no
doubt that the court would refuse to
desecrate a cemetery by ordering a sale
of property in which interments have
been made, but the following language
used in the Sioux City case shows that
there might be other ways of enforcing
payment:

“We are not called upon to determine
whether the judgment can be enforced,
but it is probable counsel will be able,
if necessary, to find a way to accomplish
such a result. It is competent for the
general assembly to provide that a spe-
cial tax of this character may be en-
forced by an action in the courts.
* * * The statute makes the tax a per-
sonal charge against the owner and a
lien on the real estate, and it has been
held this may be done. * * * The per-
sonal charge is a debt which may be en-
forced by a personal action against the
owner.”

The Supreme Court of Iowa has just
handed down an interesting decision
which should prove of interest to ceme-
tery men in general, as well as to those
of Iowa in particular.

The decision which was announced in
the case of Northern Light Lodge No.
156, 1. O. O. F. vs. Town of Monona,
161 Northwestern Reporter, 78, is to the
effect that where an association owning
a cemetery has sold off all lots border-
ing a street, under absolute deeds, no as-
sessment may be made against the
property of the association on the theory
that it abuts upon the street.

Many years ago the plaintiff lodge
established a four-acre cemetery which
is within the limits of the town, fronting
upon Iowa street. The premises were
platted into ranges of burial lots and
blocks parallel with the street, the
ranges being separated by drives 16 feet
wide. The plat as a whole consisted of
203 whole and 23 fractional lots; 140
full lots and 17 fractional ones had been

PARK AND CEMETERY.

15

sold at prices ranging Irom $10 to $15
each, by warranty deeds, some without
any qualification, while others contained
the clause, “Always reserving all rights
granted by law to cemetery associa-
tiqns,” or “Subject to all rights granted
by law to cemetery associations.” When
the sidewalk assessment involved in this
case was made, all the lots nearest the
street had been sold, and the lodge
owned none closer than 126 feet from
the street line. After referring to the
Iowa statutes which provide for assess-
ments against “abutting” property, the
court says;

“Now that plaintiff as the owner of
the four-acre tract had the right to
dedicate it to use as a cemetery no one
will deny. To that end it was entirely
proper for it to plat the tract into
blocks of burial lots separated by con-
venient streets or driveways and alleys.
And when the land was thus platted
and set apart for such use we can con-
ceive no good reason why, under the law
to which we have already referred, the
authority of the city or town, if any it
has, to levy the cost of the sidewalk
upon abutting property is not limited to
that part of the property, if any there
be, which borders or abuts upon the
street improved. This, we think, would
be the case had no lots yet been sold,
and for still stronger reason it must ap-
ply where the lots have been conveyed
to other persons to such an extent that
the property left unsold has no contact
whatever with the street.

“In avoidance of this objection, the
appellant argues with much earnestness
that notwithstanding the conveyance of
a large majority of the lots to other
persons, manj^ of whom have doubtless
used them for the burial of their dead
and perhaps have expended much labor
and money in improving and decorating
them, yet there is such an underlying
title and proprietorship remaining in the
plaintiff that the city may consider the
entire cemetery as a single lot or parcel
of land and treat the plaintiff as its
owner for the purpose of levying and
collecting special assessment, not upon
the lots severally, but upon the cemetery
as a whole. So far as this question of
title is concerned appellant places much
reliance upon the decision of this court
in Anderson vs. Acheson, 132 Iowa, 744,
110 N. W. 335, 9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 217.
The cemetery there considered was one
of a public character, provided, owned,
and platted by a city. A city ordinance
provided that the burial lots should be
used by the purchaser only, should re-
main indivisible, and, except it be to the
city, should not be conveyed to any one
but a member of the purchaser’s family.
It also provided that proprietors of
burial lots should not allow any inter-
ment upon such lots for a remuneration,
nor make any disinterment without the

permission of the mayor. * * * Counsel
fail, however, to notice that said case
deals only with a public cemetery in
which the conveyance of a lot was made
subject to so many conditions and re-
strictions as to vest the purchaser with
little, if anything, more than a mere
family privilege or right of burial, and
the effect of our decision was that when
a burial was rightfully made on such lot,
a court of equity would protect the
grave from desecration on the complaint
of any member of the family of the
deceased. Counsel quote the court as
there saying:

“ ‘The courts quite generally hold,

* * * that the purchaser of a lot in a

* * * cemetery, though the deed be

absolute in form, does not take any

title thereto. The mere privilege or
license to make interments in the lots so
purchased, exclusive of all others, is all
that is acquired thereunder.’

“Such was not the language of the

opinion. What we did say was ex-
pressly limited to a ‘public’ cemetery,
and when thus read shows that the dis-
tinction of which we speak was not

overlooked. It would certainly be

strange if the owner of land by perfect
title, were he so disposed, could not plat
it as a cemetery and give, sell, or convey
to a grantee a title as full, complete, and
absolute as his own. It is said, how-
ever, that the deeds given by plaintiff
were not absolute. The evidence shows,
as we have before stated, that some of
the conveyances to lot purchasers were
made by a warranty deed without any
qualification, while others made use of
the expression, ‘subject to all rights
granted by law to cemetery associa-
tions.’ search of the statute discloses
no rjghts conferred upon cemetery as-
sociations which would have the effect
to reduce the title conveyed to the
purchaser of a lot to anything less than
a fee. Ry Code, Sec. 587, the officers or
directors having control or management
of a cemetery may adopt rules governing

American Society of

The annual meeting of the American So-
ciety of Landscape Architects was held in
Boston recently. The meeting disclosed
what might be called preparedness in city
planning. Even while Belgium lies in
ruins, the Comite Neerlando Beige d’Arte
Civique has been collecting from all over
the world ideas to help repair and rebuild
the devastated country along the most ad-
vanced lines, aesthetically and economical-
ly. A year ago the American Society of
Landscape Architects appointed a commit-
tee to co-operate with the Comite, and thus
an immense amount of highly valuable ma-
terial has been gathered. The society is
putting through, with the assistance of the
Department of Agriculture at Washington
and various nurserymen, a standardization

its care, ornamentation, and improve-
ment, but on no fair interpretation can
this be given the effect claimed for it by
counsel. The restrictions upon the right
of a lot owner goes only to the manner
of his use of the property and not to the
quality of his title. The deed gives
more than a mere license or privilege; it
conveys the property. Many deeds of
land are made subject to building re-
strictions and other limitations upon the
use of the property, but such stipula-
tions do not render the grantee’s inter-
est thereby acquired anything less than
a fee. The one cited precedent which
at first blush seems to afford support to
appellant’s position at this point is
Buffalo City Cemetery vs. Buffalo, 46
N. Y. 503, where a special assessment
upon the property of a cemetery associa-
tion was sustained. But on turning to
the statute of New York under which
that association was organized and upon
which that decision is based we find it
to be quite identical with the city ordi-
nance we had to consider in the Ander-
son Case, and that because of the many
restrictions imposed by that statute the
conveyances to purchasers did ‘no more
than to confer on the holder of a lot a
right to use it for the purposes of inter-
ment,’ and that no such estate was there-
by granted ‘as to exclude the general
proprietorship of the association.’ We
have in this state no such statute. In
the Anderson case, as we have already
seen, the cemetery was owned by the
city which by its ordinances and deeds
of conveyance vested the purchaser with
no more than a perpetual license to use
the lot for burial purposes. Here, how-
ever, as we have already said, is no re-
striction or condition imposed upon the
purchaser which is inconsistent with a
conveyance to him of the general owner-
ship. The necessary result of this situa-
tion is that as none of the unsold lots
abut upon Iowa avenue the town was
without authority to lay a special as-
sessment upon the plaintiff’s property.”

Landscape A rchitccts

of the common names of plants through-
out the Lffiited States, very much as the
ornithologists brought about a standardiza-
tion of the names of the common birds.
Another project is being carried on by the
committee of relations wuth trades, seeking
to bring about a better understanding be-
tween the profession and those who supply
it — chiefly dealers in plant material. And
still another is that of traveling exhibits
by which plans, prospective sketches and
photographs of work already done may be
shown all over the country. It is also en-
deavoring to raise a permanent fund to en-
dow its fellowship in Rome, so that they
may keep in touch with the best that is be-
ing thought and done in the older nations.

16

PARK

AND CEMETERY.

National

Pa r k s

Vacation

Tour

The Massachusetts Forestry Association
has arranged to give an extended tour of
our national parks the coming summer
for its members and others until the full
registration that can he accommodated is
made. Arrangements have been made with
the Service to have its representatives meet
the party along the way and point out the
peculiar prolilems which each territory
presents.

The complete tour will take eight weeks.
If eight weeks are out of the question, a
partial tour, lasting three or more weeks,
may be arranged.

The business management has been
placed in the hands of a travel expert who
had charge of a similar tour of the Ameri-
can Civic .\ssociation last season. It proved
to be all that was promised and more.

Dr. C. L. Babcock, of the Bureau of
University Travel, is the tour director, and
complete information may be had by ad-
dressing him at 31 Trinity place, Boston,
Mass. Harris A. Reynolds is secretary of
the Masachusetts Forestry Association.

Following is a descriptive outline of the
itinerary planned :

Tune 2.*^. Thursday. Leave Boston via Boston &
AU)any, 2:00 P. if.

June 20. Friday. AiTivc in ChieaiiO. 0:.00 P. M.
Leave Cliicapfo at 11:00 P. M. over the C. B. & Q.

June 00. Saturday. En route.

.Tilly 1. Sunday. Ariive in Denver early inorn-
in,^. Proceed to Kooky ifountain National Park.

July 2. Monday; July S. Tuesday. Rocky Mountain
National Park. One of the youngest of the Parks.
Some will prefer to rest from their journey, en-
joying the glorious views. Trails long and short
will tempt others. It will he well to he cautious
at first till we become accustomed to the altitude
and are aide to ride or “hike” without fatigue.

At the request of the Forest Service, an alterna-
native will be offered as follows: Sunday in
Denv(‘r, on to Colorado Springs in late afternoon
(Hotel Antlers'). Pike’s Peak by automobile Mon-
day. The route takes us through rugged and
beautiful mountains and through the heart of the
Tike National Forest, where areas illustrate the
woik of the Forest Service in the reforestation and
the protection of city watersheds. Return to Den-
ver on Tuesday, connecting with the main group
in the afternoon. This alternative is offered with-
out extra charge if the choice is made before the
tour starts.

July 4. Wednesday. En route. C. B. & Q.

July T). Thursday, to July 10, Tuesday. The
Yellowstone National Park. A six-day tour through
this Wonderland of Wonderlands, using the ex-
cellent hotels and the new ten-passenger automo-
bile service which will replace the old horse-drawn
stages in the summer of 101". This much-needed
change will greatly increase the time available at
points of interest and will eliminate the tedious
features that have heretofore marred the trip
through the Yellowstone Park.

The Mammoth Hot Springs, the T.ower Geyser
Basin, the T'ppcr Basin, with Old Faithful and
scores of other geysers- — some more wonderful than
Old Faithful itself — the limpid loveliness of the
Morning Glory Pool, the weird boiling of the
Paint Pots, the glory of the Canyon with its
many hues, tiie nasty, sullen roar of the Mud
Geyser — all defy description. Yet. were aP these
removed, the Yellowstone National Park would still
he an ideal vacation land for nature lovers. As
it is, there is nothing like it in all the world.

July 11. Wednesday. En route. Great Northern.

July 12, Thursday, to July 17, Tuesday. The
Glacier National Park. Six days in this most
Alpine of the National Parks. The superb scenery
equals the host in the Canadian Rockies. Auto-
mohilo to Many Glacier Hotel on Lake McDermott.
Here in a beautiful hotel we make our head-
quarters. The sehedule is so arranged ns to permit
tliose wlm wish to make excursions to Iceberg
and Ptarmigan Lakes and over Swiftenrront. piegan

and Gunsight Passes. Good walkers will make
some of these trips on foot. Horses are available
for those who wish them. Experience in horse-
manship not necessary. Anyone can make these
excursions who is in good physical condition and
is willing to endure some stiff muscles in part
luiymont f<.r Hie experiimee of a lifetime. Piegan
Pass takes ns to Lake St. Mavy ami Giinsight
Pa.ss to Lake McDonald.

Those who do not care to make the Passes will
spend mere time at Lake McDermott and then
visit Lakes St. Mary and McDonald by auto, boat
and rail. Numerous shorter excursions are available
fivHu each place. Excellent fishing near at hand.

The extra cost of trail trips has not been in-
cluded in the price of the tour, since some will
wish to omit them and others will make some of
tliein on foot. The cost of saddle-horsh and guide
averages about $3.00 per day. Credit will he al-
lowed for automobile am! other transrortation in-
cliidod in the piiee hut not used, thus reducing
tlu* extra cost to about ten dollars, even for those
wlio make all tlie trail trips in the saddle.

July IS. Wednesday. En route. Great Northern.

July 10. Thui-sday. Lake Chelan. A verilahle
fresh-watur fjord in the midst of the Chelan Na-
tional Forest. This heautiful lake is over oO miles
buLU with an average width of only l 1-4 miles.
Milo-liigli )ienks of tlio Cascade Range rise abruptly
from its shores. ,V representative of the National
Fori'st Service will accompany us on this trip.

Julv 20. Friday, and July 21. Saturday. Seattle.
TTfitol Wasliington. Room with private bath. Au-
tomoliile drive about tlie city and its heautiful
jiarks. The campus of the Piiiversity of Wasli-
ingtoTi. Lake Washington and the first glimpse
of Ranier's snowy crown. Late afternoon sail
through Puget Sound to Tacoma while, if the
weatlier is clear, the setting sun slieds changing
dories on the wondrous mountain tliat looms on
tlie horizon, over sixty miles away.

July 22. Sunday, to July 24, Tuesday. Ranier
National Park and Forest. Paradise Inn. We
make tlie trip from Tacoma liy automobile. This
is one of the most heautiful rides in the world.
First, straight as an arrow, over .gently undulating
country toward the hoary giant that always beck-
ons: through gorge and along hillsides clad with
majestic firs — almost ns impressive as the Sequoia
— jinst the point wliere tlie muddy snout of Nis-
qiially Glacier threntons to root out the road that
puny man has made, on and up till at last, nl-
ways by easy grnile over iierfect roads, we reaeli
I’nradise Valley. This flower-carpeted “valley”
h-uigs a mile in tlie air. hut straight above it.
two miles higher over our heads, towers the
ni’ghty mountain. Fourteen great ice rivers flow
down from the summit — the lar.gest glacier system
south of Alaska. Here, though it will he mid-
simiiner. we may indulge in Ranier’s famous
“winter” sports, or mav choose less strenous ways
1o enjov the mountain in its various moods.

Tlie Tinnier Forest, through which we pass, shows
scirs of many a forest fire. Representatives of
tli<‘ Forest Service will explain what is being done
now in the way of fire prevention.

Tilly 2-". Wednesday, to July 27. Friday. Port-
biiid. the City of Roses. Hotel Imperial. A con-
foronce on Scientific ^lilling in connection with a
visit to one of the great lumber mills where logs
six feet in diameter are rediioed to shihs, planks
and beams as easily as a boy wliittles a stick.
These mills out a hnlf-million feet of lumber per
day.

.Vecompanied by a representative of tlie Forest
Servir-e. we .shall make an all-da,v auto trip out
the famous Columbian Highway, destined to rank
among the most famous of scenic boulevards. W'e
liass the heautiful Multnomah Falls, over 700 feet
higli. and enjoy a picnic lunch at the Eagle Creek
Camp, whieli is one of the best examples of the
recTCiitional facilities furnished by the National
Forest Service.

The next day, .nnother auto ride takes us among
the foothills of Mt. Hood to the Forest Nursery
of the Wind River 'N^alley. where over five million
young trees are growing, to be used in reforesting
burned areas. We shall also visit a Douglass Fir
Timber S'ale area, where the good, results of scien-
tific logging methods are clearly seen.

Leave Portland over the Southern Pacific.

July 2'S. Saturday, to .July 30. Monday. Crater
Lake Natinnnl Park and Forest. We enter by auto
from Medford, pass through miles of Forest Re-

serve and, at last, at an altitude of over 7,000
feet, find a comfortable lodge on the rim of a
vast crater. In the depths, its surface, 1,200 feet
below US, is a lake Oif sapphire, beautiful beyond
description. The ciuter is thirty miles in circum-
ference, and an automobile road is in process of
construction about the nm. This is bound to rank
as one of tlie greatest of scenic highways.

We leave the park by way of Klamath Lake and
have opportunity to inspect the Pelican Bay Timber
Sale, where, under the direction of the Forest
Service, we shall see what Scientific Logging ac-
complishes. As our train moves .soutliward in the
late afternoon, we pass within sight of Mt. Shasta.

July :il. Tuesday, to August 2. Thursday. San
I’l'aucisco. Hotel Bellevue. Room with private
bath. Three, days in the cit.v by the Golden Gate.
Automohile ride through the city, Golden Gate
T’ark, the Presidio, etc.; also across the bay to
Berkeley. Alameda. Oakland. A conference in the
Greek JJicatre at Berkeley; suliject, “Various As-
pe<-ts of the Conseiwation Problem — The Present
and tlie Future, the State and the Nation.”

August 3. Friday, to August 7, Tuesday, Yose-
mite National Park. Five days in a campers’
paradise. The comfortable Yosemito Camp will he
our headipiwarters. This is located at the foot of
Vosemite Fall. The price includes an excursion
by automohile through the Mariposa Grove of big
trees. Other excursions are optional. Many will
make them on foot. Horses, and in some case.s
carriages or autos, are available.

The Yosemitc' A’alley is hut seven miles long.
Within it are a dozen waterfalls higher than
Niagara. The combined height of upper and lower
Yosemite Falls, near our camp, is l.SOO feet, the
highest in the world. TIie.se falls are the peculiar
hut by no means the only charm of what is per-
haps the most popular of all the national parks.

On the tnp to Mariposa Grove we shall vifeit
the Signal Peak fire lookout station of the Sierra
National Forest, and will have thoroughly explained
to us the fire jirotection system used on the na-
tional forests. From this lookout point, one gets
la magnificent panorama of a large portion of the
Sierra Forest and Yosemite Park. The anto road
goes to the very top of Signal Mountain, within
a few yards of the lookout station.

On leaving the park by anto, we enter the
Sh'vra National Forest. Wo also pass through
areas of forest not under govornment control,
wliei'(‘ logging operations are being carried on in
a way that emphasizes strongly the need of na-
tional ffU’osts. The night at Fresno.

August S. Wednesday, and August 0. Thursday.
The General Grant National Park. IMore of the
Big Trees and their story. We shall also vi.sit
Hume, a Inmher town in the heart of the Sequoia
National Forest. An interesting feature here is a
fifty - four - mile liimhor flume winding down the
mountain.

August 10. Friday, to August 12. Sunday, Los
.\ngeles. Hotel Alexandria. Automohile ride about
the city, visiting that strange pit at Rancha la
Brea, whose asphalt depths have proved an animal
tiap through literally millions of years, and vis-
iting the museum where the skeletons of these
strange beasts are to he seen. We shall also have
an automohile lide to Pasadena and shall take a
day’s excursion to the Island of Santa Catalina.
Optional visit with the supervisor of the Angeles
National Forest to the Los Angeles Municipal Camp.
J'lie supervisor will emphasize tlie work of the
Foro.st S'ervioo in connection with public recreation,

.August 13, Monda.v, and August 14. Tuesday.
San Diego. Hotel IT. S. Grant. Uie beautiful
Bnll»oa T’ark. where the greater part of San Diego’s
Exposition is still intact and as interesting ns in
inin. Ride to Point Loma.

August 1.", Wednesday. Riverside. The famous
Mission Inn, unique among hotels. Motor next
day to Mt. Ronhidonx, thence via Redlands to San
Bernardino, where we hoard onr train for the
East over the Santa Fe route,

August 17, Friday, and August IS. Saturday.
The Grand Canyon,. Inhere is nothing like the
Grand Canyon in all the world. Where standards
of comparison fail, attempted description is use-
less, It is a fitting climax to a wonderful sum-
mer. We spend two full days there. Tlie El
Tovar Hotel will be our comfortable headquarters.
Tfie rim drive will ho provided. The descent into
the canyon, which many will think too fatiguing.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

17

Entrance — Lakenjjood Cemetery.^ Minneapolis , Minn.
Constructed with " Tarnjia-X" in 1915.

Tarvia at Lakewood Cemetery

This beautiful cemetery at Minneapolis
has joined the list of those which are
treating their macadam roads with
Tarvia to keep down road expenses. The
transportation of heavy
monuments exposes a
macadam road to severe
usage and cemetery
roads are apt to suffer
disintegration from the
internal movement of
the larger stones in the
road The proper rem-
edy is to enclose all the
larger stones in a tough,
plastic matrix of “Tar-
via-X.” In this stiff

matrix the larger stones cannot grind or leave
their positions and the heaviest loads do not
the slightest damage.

With but slight attention in the way of main-
tenance, a road like this one in Lakewood

Cemetery will present a perfect, waterproof
contour for many years. The surface will be so
clean and free from dust or mud that it can be
freely used for pedestrians as well as for vehicles.

This fact has made in-
creasingly popular the
use of the same surfaces
as combination roads
and sidewalks.

A number of important
cemeteries have proved
to their own satisfaction
that the use of Tarvia is
a great net economy,
making their roads last
much longer without
seriously increasing the cost. Accordingly,
th<y have extended their tarviated area year by
year until all their roads were so treated.

Tarviated macadam is rapidly becoming the
standard cemetery road.

Preserves Roads
L. Prevents Dust

Booklet on request. Address our nearest office.

Special Service Depa rtm en t

This company has a corps of trained
engineers and chemists who have given
years of study to modern road prob-
lems.

The advice of these men may be had

for the asking by anyone interested.

If you will write to the nearest office
regarding road problems and condi-
tions in your vicinity, the matter will
have prompt attention.

The

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston

Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis

The Paterson Manufacturing Co.. Limited:
Vancouver St. John, N.B.

Company

St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

Halifax, N.S. Sydney. N.S.

PS

18

PARK AND CEMETERY.

has not been included. There is ample time for
it. Tlie cost is .$5.00.

The Grand Canyon is not a national park, but
is what is known as a National Monument. The
southern rim is in the Tusayau National Forest.
Kepresentatives of the National Forest Service will
explain the peculiar problems here, especially in
connection with mining claims and grazing rights.

August 10, Sunday, and August 20. Monday.
Fu route.

August 21, Tuesday. Arrive in Cliicago in morn-
ing.

August 22, 'Wednesday. Arrive in Boston in
afternoon.

Price. .$005

The committee lias been urged to arrange a Go-
mile automobile trip overland from the Grand Can-
yon to Flagstaff. Arizona. The route encircles
the San Francisco Peaks and lies through the pic-
turesque pine stands of the Tusa.van and Coconino
National Forests. On the way we shall see large
docks of sheep grazing, under Forest Service per-
mits, and shall witness some old-fashioned cattle
round-ups which will be taking i>lace at the time
of the visit. We shall also see interesting lumber-
ing operations under National Forest supervision.
They are of quite a different type from those seen
elsewhere. This trip will require two days extra.

A further extension is urged to the city of
Santa Fe. Santa Fe is itself most interesting. It
is also a center from which excursions may be
made into the country of the pn.’hlos and to the
ncw Baiidalior National Monument, where, in beau-
tiful canyons and on lofty plateaus, hundreds of
cave dwellings and ruined pueblos tell of a race
that flourished here long before Columbus came.
This would require about ten days additional, in-
cluding a week’s camping trip.

These plans will not be included in the main
itinerary, hut will be available for a limited num-
ber as extensions. August is the best time to
carry out such a plan, owing to the great elevation
of the sections visited.

Details will bo furnished on request.

The Obituary Record

John G. Barker, aged about 73 years, su-
perintendent of Riverview Cemetery, South
Bend, Ind., died February 7, following an
illness of one week’s duration. He is sur-
vived by his wife, Nannie Agnes, two sons
and a daughter. Mr. Barker was a native
of England. He was born in Huntingfield,
Suffolk County. At the age of 14 he came
to the United States with the family, which
established its home at Utica, N. Y. The
father became superintendent of the Forest
Hill Cemetery in that city and the son as-
sisted him, laying the foundation for his
future work. On attaining manhood he
was for a short time engaged in landscape
work in Springfield, Mass. From there he
went to Philadelphia and thence to Cam-
bridge, Mass., where he followed the occu-
pation of gardening. Following that, he
served fourteen years as superintendent of
Pine Grove Cemetery, Lynn., Mass., devel-
oping the cemetery into one of the finest
in the country. From Lynn Mr. Barker
went to Boston, where he had charge of
Forest Hill Cemetery for ten years. From
Boston Mr. Barker went to Newcastle, Pa.,
where he laid out Cascade Park, and when
his work there was completed he came to
South Bend. His work here has been di-
vided between park and cemetery improve-
ment. Mr. Barker was appointed superin-
tendent of parks by Mayor Schuyler Col-
fax in 1901, in recognition of the develop-
ment of Howard Park and other landscape
work about the city, and he was continued
in this position by Mayor Edward J. Fo-
garty in 1902 and 1903. For the past ten

years Mr. Barker had been superintendent
of Riverview Cemetery, and had made it
one of the model burial places of the state.
He had been for many years an active and
respected member of the Association of
American Cemetery Superintendents.

Railway Gardening Association

The tenth annual meeting of the Railway
Gardening Association was held in New
Orleans, La., December, 1916. It was one
of the most successful meetings ever held
by the association. Great interest was
shown by all members present and the en-
thusiasm of the members as to the future
prospects of the association was unbounded.

The papers read were interesting and of
much practical value and were followed by
prolonged discussion. J. S. Butterfield, for-
mer secretary of the association, was elect-
ed president for the ensuing year. He is
connected with the M. P. & I, Mt. Ry. Co.,
Railway Exchange Bldg., St. Louis, ^lo.
John Gipner, M. C. R. R., Niles, Mich., wai
elected vice-president for the four-year
term. E. Englemann, P. R. R., Altoona,
Pa., was elected vice-president for the
three-year term. C. E. Lowe, Pennsylvania
Lines, West, 215 Jarvella street, Pittsburgh,
Pa., was re-elected secretary, and J. K.
Wingert, C. V. R. R., Chamhershurgh, Pa.,
was re-elected treasurer. The following
committees were appointed :

Committee on Plants — E. V. Wosten-
holme,- Richmond, Va., chairman; John
Gipner, Niles, Mich., and C. W. Eichling,
New Orleans, La.

Committee on Diseases and Insects — E.
Englemann, Altoona, Pa., chairman ; E. A.
Richardson, Newtonville, Mass., and E. F.
A. Reinisch, Topeka, Kan.

Committee on Soils and Fertilizers — J.
K. Wingert, Chamhershurg, Pa., chairman :
T. T. Worthley, Philadelphia, Pa., and R.
E. Lee, Morrisville, Pa.

Committee on Equipment and Care of

It was recently decided in the District
Court at Brainerd, Minn., that the city of
Crosby acted within its legal rights in the
purchase of twenty acres of land near Cros-
by Beach as a cemetery site. C. C. Willis
and other residents of Crosby Beach made
the claim that the council had no right to
l)uy the site out of the general fund and
that $50 added to one of the orders given
in payment to cover the discount was illegal.

The trustees of Oakland Cemetery Asso-
ciation, St. Paul, Minn., have issued their
annual report of the activities of the differ-
ent departments of the cemetery for the
fiscal year ending October 31, 1916. The
greatest improvement made during the year
was the regrading and finishing of the sec-
tion west of the chapel where the green-

Tools — P. Foy, Roanoke, Va., chairman;
A. V. Smith, Ridley Park, Pa., and Levi W.
Burdge, Lakewood, N. J.

Committee on Hedges — F. W. Vail, Dun-
ellen, N. J., chairman; W. F. Hutchison,
Sewickley, Pa., and Joseph Carson, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

The next annual meeting will be held
August 7, 8 and 9 and Atlantic City. N. J.,
was selected as the 1917 meeting place. The
following committee was appointed to ar-
range program and make hotel arrange-
ments; J. K. Wingert, F. W. Vail and J.
E. Smith.

Since the New Orleans meeting the
president has received from the .American
Railway Association an invitation to co-
ordinate with them, and it is expected in
the near future to place the matter before
the members in concrete form.

The Entertainment Committee at New
Orleans, Messrs. C. W. Eichling and John
Rinck, did their work well. The automo-
bile trip given by the Chamber of Com-
merce was enjoyed by all and the boat ride
along the water front of New Orleans will
always he remembered by those who were
present.

Piihlications Received

The Austin-Western Road Machinery Co.
has just issued a descriptive brochure de-
scribing the Austin Tandem Motor Roller.
A number of interesting detail illustrations
showing the construction of this machine
are shown and the following advantages
are claimed for it ; “Powerful and durable
engine ; full power all day if required ;
steady, smooth running ; instant and easy
control ; rapid and accurate power steer-
ing: two positive gear speed changes: op-
erator has unobstructed view of both sides ;
no smoke, spark and ashes ; no boiler
troubles and risk; no expensive boiler re-
pairs : no teaming of coal and water ; no
time lost or fuel wasted.”

house formerly stood. The building of con-
crete gutters, walks and catch-basins was
also continued. Surfacing the roads with
crushed rock has proven its value and has
been steadiR continued. Following are
some statistics taken from the financial re-
port: Receipts — Cash balance, November 1,
1915, $366.62; sales of lots, $16,287; green-
house sales, $10,059.95 ; grand total, $52,-
021.93. The perpetual care fund increased
from sales of lots and single graves
$4,421. Expenditures- — General improve-
ment, $2,133.12; perpetual care, working
fund, $5,275.48; miscellaneous labor, foun-
dations, cases and vaults, $3,413.27 ; green-
house— seed, stock, etc., $5,921.46; expense,
officers and clerks, $6,443 ; gross expendi-
tures, $51,537.98; balance at close of year.

f rnrrrRY notfs

Graceful : Attractive : Substantial

Georgia Marble monuments are distinguished
by their graceful character and attractive beauty, and
they are impervious to weather conditions, resisting
successfully the agents of disintegration.

Children's Playground Pountain at Bloominglion, Illinois.
Sculptor, Iiorado Taft. lOaterial, Georgia Marble.

The artistic value of Georgia Marble and its pronounced durability
make it a desirable material for out-door fountains, seats, pedes-
tals, statuary, vases, etc., and a material eminently fit to grace
cemeteries of distinction.

Cemetery Superintendents will find much of
interest in our illustrated booklet, “Yesterday,
Today and ForeverT Sent free on request.

THE GEORGIA MARBLE COMPANY

TATE, GEORGIA

20

PARK AND CEMETERY.

$483.95; grand total, $52,021.93. The pay-
rolls which are included in the expenditures
amounted to $26,603.

The Fairview Cemetery Association, of
Galion, O., donated to the Board of Educa-
tion all of Section No. 3 in Fairview Ceme-
tery for the purpose of interring bodies
which are to be removed from Union Green
Cemetery, where the new high school will
be erected. The only stipulation is that the
school board pay 5 cents, per square foot
for all ground donated, this amount to be
placed in the fund for the perpetual up-
keep of the cemetery.

Members of the Soldiers’ Memorial As-
sociation, of Minneapolis, Minn., are plan-
ning to ask the state legislature for an ap-
propriation to be used for providing an
adequate monument on the plot of ground
recently acquired in Lakewood Cemetery,
that city. The new burial ground in Lake-
wood has room for 6C0 bodies and already
2C0 are buried there. The association mem-
bers believe the plot should be marked by
a suitable monument, as is the older ground.
Only bodies of civil war veterans and their
widows may be buried there. Three hun-
dred dollars already has been raised toward
the purchase of a marker for the plot.

Joseph A. Bennett, of Bridgton, Me., pro-
poses to offer that town the real estate and
funds of the Forest Hill Cemetery Asso-
ciation, all valued at $10,000. Mr. Bennett
is the sole owner of this property.

Plans for beautifying the Leslie farm at
Lorain, O., for cemetery purposes will be
prepared by H. C. Horvath, of Cleveland.
The farm was purchased recently by the
city.

Because the Oakland Avenue Cemetery,
of Elkhart, Ind., is no longer being used
for burial purposes and is unkept and un-
sightly, and because no burials have been
made there for the past ten years, a peti-
tion requesting that it be removed was pre-
sented before the members of the City
Council recently.

New Cemeteries and Improvements

St. Mary’s Catholic Church, Durand, 111.,
has purchased land for a cemetery to join
the Durand Cemetery on the west, con-
sisting of two and one-half acres.

Pleasant View Cemetery Company, of
Mondovi, Wash., has been incorporated
by Jacob Ziemantz, A. A. Gaddy, E. D.

The Cover

The illustration on the cover of this issue
shows a very effective design of the mass-
ive post style of cemetery entrance that
serves as the gateway to Hillcrest Ceme-
tery, Savannah, Ga.

This is a rather unusual arrangement,
with two pairs of drive gates 12-6 wide,
that gives a very convenient arrangement
for separating entering and departing car-
riage traffic.

The central panel of fencing has been
given a very interesting treatment by plac-

Pease, R. D. Sweet, George E. Smith and
others.

Oak Ridge Cemetery Co., of Chicago, has
been incorporated with a capital of $600,-
000. The incorporators are H. C. Lutkin,
F. C. Selfrich and S. M. Baker.

Mt. Royes Cemetery Co., of Philadelphia,
has been incorporated with a capital of
$300,000 to lay out cemeteries. Wray C.
Arnold, Frank A. Moorshead and H. Wol-
fenden, all of Philadelphia, are the incor-
porators.

The directors of the Glendale Cemetery
Association, of Monmouth, Ilk, have in-
creased the upkeep fund l)y adding 10
per cent more of the sales of lots to this
fund, making it 20 per cent of the sales
hereafter. There is already about $3,000
in the treasury for this purpose.

The Marlin Cemetery Association, of
Marlin, Tex., has been incorporated by Mrs.
B. B. Clarkson, T. E. Battle, T. A. Cheeves
and others.

Cemetery Officers Elected

At the annual meeting of the Cemetery
Beautifying Association, of San Francisco.
Cal., Mrs. Louise A. Sorbier was elected
president and Miss E. W. Donnellan sec-
retary.

William E. Crabtree has been elected
president and Daniel A. Brown secretary
of the Brick Church Cemetery Association,
Montgomery, N. Y., and Harry Crabtree
was chosen president and George Eager
secretary of the Riverside Cemetery Asso-
ciation in that city.

Mrs. Joseph King has been elected presi-
dent and Mrs. Thomas Barton secretary
of St. Felix Cemetery Association, Wa-
basha, Minn.

The Orthodox Jewish Cemetery Associa-
tion, of Fort Wayne, Ind., has elected
Harry Goldstine president and Samuel
Zweig secretary.

Mrs. W. N. Tinsley has been chosen
president and Mrs. John F. Wimer secre-
tary of the Pike County Chapter, D. A. R.,
Cemetery Association, Louisiana, Mo.

Mrs. F. W. Jackson has been elected
president, Mrs. Belle Wilson recording
secretary, and Mrs. J. F. Weart correspond-
ing secretary of the cemetery at Cherokee,
Iowa.

The Mound Cemetery Association, of
Artonville, Minn., has chosen C. J. Stark
president and John Nielsen secretary.

Illustration

ing the fence on a low wall and mounting
the name of the cemetery on a metal plate
in the center. The design of the gates is
a very simple and dignified pattern that
combines ornamental effect with thorough-
ness and strength of construction. The
gates have an eye and socket hinge ar-
rangement and are very substantially built
throughout.

This entrance is the work of the Stewart
Iron Works Co., of Cincinnati, O., who fur-
nish many other styles of fences and gates
for parks and cemeteries.

yor/r trees.

Do you wonder that
we have such a de-
mand for them?

European and Cri-
mean Linden, straight
trunked and high
branched for Park and
Cemetery planting.

We also carry a full line of
shrubs, evergreens and field
grown herbaecous stock.

SEND FOR NEW
SPRING CATALOGUE

Th omas B.
Meehan Co.

W^holesale Nurserymen
Dresher, Pennsylvania

PARK AND CEMETERY.

21

Hiiirfiinns

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories

SALES OFFICES

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA

42nd St. Bldg. Tieinont Bldg. Widener Bldg.

CHICAGO ROCHESTER CLEVELAND

Rookery Bldg. Granite Bldg. Swetland Bldg.
TORONTO MONTREAL

Royal Bank Bldg. Transportation Bldg.

FACTORIES

Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, 111. St. Catharines, Canada,

An example of an ornamental house especially de-
si,gned to fit this particular location.

Artistic Design — Simplicity — Performance — Final Exactness

GENTLEMEN : Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1917

I gave a FRIGID Lowering Device purchased in December, 1916, a test the coldest day this winter, Monday,
February 12th, 1917. Case used was a Corinthian Bronze enclosed in a steel vault, a total weight of about 1 ,100
lbs. This was lowered with as much ease as the lightest case used on it. This Device was purchased for St. Peter’s
Catholic Cemetery, by the writer. Very truly

J. RIGNEY WARD

Also ask O. SELIN, Superintendent Swedish Cemetery, Woreester, Mass.

Or O. A. WINTON, Superintendent Maple Park Cemetery, Springfield, Mo.

FRIGID FLUID CO., Chicago, Illinois

SUPREMACY

22

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Greatest Capacity
For Clean Work

The ability to do most work at least expense is not the only
advantage of the Austin Motor Road Roller in park and cemetery
improvement. There are no cinders or smoke and it is not a
nuisance when in operation.

No teaming of coal and water reduces equipment that litters
the grounds to the minimum and makes the operation of the roller
no more an annoyance than an automobile.

The Austin roller uses either gasoline or kerosene for fuel and
no time or fuel is wasted when the roller is not in operation.

It is not only economical in the work it accomplishes, but per-
forms its work without annoyance or destruction of property.

Austin rollers are built in five three-wdieel and four tandem
sizes, providing a size and style for every recpiirement.

Write for complete catalog.

The Austin -Western Road Machinery Co.

Chicago

Branch Offices:

New York City Philadelphia Dallas Los Angeles

Columbus, O. Atlanta San Francisco St, Paul

Austin Tandem Roller

Austin Macadam Roller

Austin Jlacadam Roller

Tents

manufacture and sell direct to ceme-
teries. Our new combination tarpaulin
and tent for protection of your men while dig-
ging the grave is just what you want. Write
for particulars today. A cemetery is only half
equipped without a supply of them.

Lowering Device*, Cemetery Trucks, Casket
Racks, and a Full Line of Undertakers Supplies

Doddridge Grave Decorating Co.

MILTON, INDIANA

Grave Linings

colors and prices to suit
everybody.

Grave Tents

made to order. Our olive
green tents blend with na-
ture and take away the fair

ground appearance of the
ordinary tent.

Dirt Covers

Our olive green duck dirt
covers last four times as
long as any oil cloth cover,
and always look better.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

23

When Labor Is
High and Scarce

Weeds Grow Best

The best method of keeping roadways and gutters
free from weeds is a question of vital importance to
every town director, street commissioner, park or
cemetery superintendent, suburban developing com-
pany and private estates, for the construction of the
average roadway and gutter is such that grass and
weeds find their way to the surface. Weeds give
grounds of any kind a neglected and forlorn appear-
ance and their removal by some method is a sanitary
necessity.

The old method of sending men over roadways with
picks, shovels and scrapers to remove the weeds is
recognized by intelligent men to be a failure. The
tops alone are removed by this method only to reap-
pear a few days later. In order to keep the roads in
anything like trim condition, they require constant at-
tention during the entire growing season if this method
is used. But what is even more objectionable, how-
ever, is the fact that the roadbed is constantly dis-
turbed, thereby creating expense, dust and destroying
the road surface.

WEED KILLER

The treating of the roadway and gutter with Key
Brand Weed Killer, a liquid chemical which sinks
into the ground, reaches and destroys the tops and
roots of all existing growth and has a sterile effect on
the soil. It may be diluted with forty parts of water
and easily applied with any sprinkling can or sprinkling
apparatus.

It is cheaper to make a thorough application of Key
Brand Weed Killer than it is to remove the weeds
once by hand, and the constant attention is eliminated.

Once appled. Key Brand Weed Killer seldom needs
attention during the entire season.

This Advantage Is True Economy

Key Brand Weed Killer is being used year after
year by cities, cemeteries, estates and developments
throughout the United States.

Wt guarantee it to be the most efficient and econom-
ical method of removing weeds

One gallon of Key Brand diluted with 40 gallons of
water will usually cover 1,C(X) square feet of surface.

Key Brand Weed Killer is shipped in the following
convenient size packages:

70 Gallon Iron Drums

50 “ Barrels

30 “ 1-2 Barrels

10-5-1 “ Cans

WRITE FOR PRICES

Interstate Chemical Co.

Manufacturers of Spray Chemicals and Insecticides

24 Bay view Avc., Jersey City, N. J.

13 Q llli:liiiiii:iliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

□

iHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiaiii E] El

El

RILLING

WEEDS

with Chem-
icals is cheap,
reliable and
up to date.
Wh e n you
want the best
result for both
the value of
money ex-
pended and
final effect,
buy from

Stedem Cliemical
Laboratory

Laboratory 730 South 50tb Street
Office 926 South St. Bernard Street

Philadelph ia :: Pennsylvania

In the Weed Killing business
for twenty-five years.

PRICES ON APPLICATION

El

0 0 llilillilllillllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllilliil

□

IMIllllllltllllll 0 0

24

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND

INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record bocks embody simple and complete forms for
• all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9y2 X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form; lot diagram
space ruled in small s(|uares. each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square ;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages ; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names; 44 double pages for Records of interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to Parle and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, tivo dollars.

Send for our netv revised catalog containing full-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

25

Mnd Greenhouses

Keep Summer In tke Park tKe Wkole

Year R

oun<

V.

On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great
strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are
so warm and sunny that they are filled with a riot of bloom and fruit when
Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience
in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

You should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a
King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how pro-
ductive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

KING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, 342 Kings Road. North Tonawanda. N. Y.

W// the Sunlight, All 'Day Houses

Branch Offices

J New York, 1476 Broadway
> Scranton, 307 Irving Ave.

Boston, 113 State St.

Philadelphia, Harrison Bldg., 15lh and Market Sts.

THE “PEERLESS”

HORSE LAWN MOWER GRINDER

PATENTED

Here is what the world has been
looking for — a machine for grind-
ing HORSE and POWER Lawn
iMowers as well as Hand Mowers.
Made by the same people who have
made the famous “Ideal” Hand
Mower Grinders for so many years,
hence is an assured success. Width,
48 inches between the frames. Will
grind the Reel Knives and Straight
Blade of all 40-inch Horse and
Power Lawn Mowers. Will grind
30-inch Pony Lawn Mowers and all
Hand Grinders without removing
reel-knives.

Price, only $85.00.

WRITE TODAY for catalog of
this wonderful machine. It not only
saves time and money, but does the
work far better than it can possibly
be done bv hand. NEEDED BY
EVERY PARK AND CEMETERY.
Also makers of the “Ideal” Hand
Lawn Mower Grinder. „

The Only Machine
of the Rind On

THE ROOT-HEATH MFG. CO.

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

26

PARK AND

CEMETERY.

We specialize in IRON FENCE

for

Parks, Playgrounds and Cemeteries

The Largest Variety. The Lowest Prices.

LAWN SETTEES
and

FLOWER VASES

of every Description

Get our Prices and see our Designs before buying.
We can save you money.

^ (7\

Ijp?

ivlQ

111!

T

Hr

miifn

TTT

Write for
Free

Catalogue

CINCINNATI IRON FENCE CO.

Cincinnati, O. Address Dept. D.

Enduring Material

Cemetery authorities demand
that memorials be of the most en-
during materials, and that they
possess the artistic qualities that
will harmonize with the modern
cemetery landscape.

There is no material known to
science that is more enduring or
that weathers more beautifully
than our

Sheet Copper

or

Sheet Bronze

the ideal material for soldiers’

Infantryman at Parade Rest UlOnUmentS, Elks memorials.

Ask for our beautiful book, '"The Blue and the
Gray,” showing many fine soldiers' memorials

W. H. MULLINS CO.

SALEM

OHIO

□

□

Built for Durability

In the last thirty days we
overhauled for the first time
BOMGARDNER Lower-
ing Devices Nos. 54-673-
320-1304-1186, which had
been in service for periods
varying from nine to thir-
teen years. The average cost
of making these devices as
good as new was but $9.50.

The BOMGARDNER
Lowering Device you buy
today will give as good, if
not better service. WHY
EXPERIMENT?

IK rite for literature.

Bomgardner Manufacturing Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

Peerless Cement
Brick Machine

Make your own brick for half
the price you are paying for
them; you have the labor. Ce-
ment Imick lasts for ages in
brick graves. Machine in use in
many Cemeteries. Catalog free.

Peerless Brick Machine Co.

1230 Central Avenue :: Minneapolis, Minn.

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S

, _ hitf

COLORS^

’S PAINT

Is is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

MADE IN JERSEY CITY, N. J.. BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827 ^><8^

PARK AND CEMETERY.

27

a. “PHILADELPHIA”

VANADIUM CRUCIBLE STEEL BLADES

The Master Alloy and Toughest Steel Known

Originators of the FIRST Side Wheel Lawn Mower in 1869
Nearly a Half Century Doing ONE THING M^ELL
Bearings Bored with Rifle Barrel Accuracy

"GRAHAM” and “A” all steel, practically
indestructible

Style “E”

Removable Box Caps

Style “K”— 5 Blades— Plain or Bearings

Philadelphia Roller Bearings possess
many advantages over old style ball
bearings

STYLES

“GRAHAM” and “A” all steel

ONLY ALL STEEL LAWN MOWERS MANUFACTURED

“E,” removable box caps, 4 blades, 10-inch wheels. “K,” plain or roller bearings . . . 5 blades, 10-inch wheels.
“OVERBROOK,** 4 blades, 8-inch wheels. **INDEPENDENCE,** roller bearings, 4 blades, 9-inch wheels.

“EAGLE** flexible frame horse mowers, 30-35-40 inch sizes.

22 styles, HAND 6 styles, HORSE 3 styles, MOTOR MOWERS

SEND FOR 1917 CATALOGUE

NOTICE — The public is advised that notwithstanding the disturbance in market conditions, we
have not advanced our list prices on lawn mowers or extra parts.

THE PHILADELPHIA LAWN MOWER CO., 31st & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.

LOOK— LISTEN

oncrete

or mortar can be
ixed better,
uicker, witb less
expense. Use a

aeger

Mi

ixer

Now made m small sizes. Mounted on trucks
witb engine complete or on skids for band
power. A profitable investment tbat will pay
for itself many times over eacb year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

Tke

Jaeger Mackine
Company

312 AV. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

The Famous

N ew Well man Aut omatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brake. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

28

PARK AND CEMETERY.

COLDWELL HORSE MOWER
with DEMOUNTABLE CUTTERS

IN this type of COT.DWRLL HORSE MOWER, if the
l)h’>MOUNTABLE CUri’FjR UNIT needs sharpeiiiug',
just take it out. It is independent — easily removed.

Re|)lace it witli the second set of knives wiiich COLDWELL
furni-.hes with every DEMOLN TABLE CUTTER UNIT
Mower.

Four locking screws adju"-t tlie cutter units. The whole
operation is simple You lose no time waiting for knives to
be sharpened. Your machine is always ready i’or work. You
will a])preciale the convenience of two cutter units and the
easy adjustment.

Another ieature of Coldwell construction protects the knixes
from twiat and strain over rough ground.

Write for illustrated c'.atalog’ue, giving full particulars of the Cold-
xvcll line Combination Roller and Motor Mov/ers, both Ride and
Malk 'I'vpes, tlie new 1917 Threesome (87" swath) and Horse and
Hand Mowers in loO styles and sizes.

The output of the Coldwell fictories includes hnxn mon ers of every
description — for every purpose. The name ‘’Coldwell” has been
familiar in the markets of the world l'i)r more than forty ye.irs.

COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY

Offices and Factory Chicago Office

? Offer ^ ''py

•JA sortment of all kinds of

ffrees.! Shrubs., Evergreens, Perennials and

OrderYour

Supplies

material for Park and Cemetery planting.

from firms that

We are especially strong in native trees and

advertise in

shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue

Park and

now ready.

Cemetery and

give the paper

An inspection of our stock invited

credit for the

The Willadean Nurseries

introduction
when you
write.

Sparta, Kentucky

HEARTLEY’S MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY'S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
“It Excels Them All.”
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.
GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo, Ohio

It Supplies Food For
Your Land and Plants

' Wizard Brand Manure makes things
grow. It’s just what your lawn, flow-
ers, vegetables, fruit and field crops
need. Every piece of land needs re-
plenishing from time to time. Wizard
Brand Manure is more than just fertil-
izer— it strengthens soil fertility and
supplies plant food at the same time.
Call lor Wizard Brand Manure by name
today or write us for descriptive booklet.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
No. Ill, Union Slock Yards, Chicago

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00
200 ” “ 4,600 names, 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,

capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

Catalog of New Line of Ceme-
tery Records just out; ask for one.
Park and Cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

29

TANDEM ROLLERS FOR PARK AND CEMETERY WORK

THE BUFFALO-SPRINGFIELD ROLLER CO.

STEAM Springfield, Ohio gasoline

Made hy Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
3V2-in, 7 to KTc, 4-in. 7% to 12c. 5-in. 10'% to 17c. "PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, 111.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

I

I

i

I

TOWNSEND’S

TRIPLEX

The Public is warned not to pur-
chase mowers infringing this patent.
No. 1,209,519, Dec. 19, 1916.

The Greatest Grass-
cutter on Earth; cuts a
Swath 86 inches wide.

S. P. Townsend & Co.

Orange, New Jersey

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man,
the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn
in a day than the best motor mower ever made,
cut it better and at a fraction of ihe cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man,
it will mow more lawn in a day than any three
ordinary horsedrawn mowers with three horses
and three men.

Floats over the uneven ground as a ship rides
the waves. One mower may be climbing a
knoll, the second skimming a level and the third
paring a hollow.

Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it
in the mud in springtime nor crush out its life
between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in
summer as does the motor mower.

Send for Catalogue il’usiraling all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS

ssss

I

I

1

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their records of

Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circular sent on
request. PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO. ILL.

A BETTER LAWN

—at Less Expense

Read this letter we recently received from a
Park Superintendent;

“AfU'p giving Fuller & Jolmson Lawn
Mowers a thorough trial, I recommended
them to the Park Board and Finance
Coininittce, stating that hy using three
of these mowers I could reduce the Park
grass cutting maintenance one man to
eacl) park. This makes three men less
on the Park force and as each man re-
ceives a salary of $420 a season, $1,200
would he saved.”

Isn’t this saving well worth while? Doesn’t
this fact alone justify your getting full particu-
lars about the

Fuller & Johnson

MOTOR LAWN MOWER

—the mower that is backed up by 70
years’ n^ptifation of the Fuller & .Tohnsou
Mfg. (’omivany for the highest manu-
facturing integrity.

This machine is motor driven, hand con-
tixflled. Built as a unit to combine ex-
treme flexibility with large cutting ca-
pacity. Makes a finished job at one cut-
ting. No cleaning up or hand trim-
ming afterwards. Specially designed to
cut grass close up to trees, under shnih-
hery, along walks and driveways and will
climb a 30% grade on its osvn power.
Tlie mechanical construction of the
Fuller & Johnson Mower is scientifically
right with no complicated parts to get
out of adjustment — a practical mower for
everyday use.

Let us send you complete details about
this splendid Motor Lawm Mower. .

Write for n copy of onr new book

“A BETTER I.AWN”

Manufacturers Distributing Co.

Publicity Bldg.
St. Lujis. Mo.

f o b. Madison, W;

Stone Grave Vaults

The McDermott Stone Co.

Schultz Building
COLUMBUS, OHIO

30

PARK AND CEMETERY.

W. Sc T. SmiTH COmPANY

GEINE\//\, INEIA/ YORIC

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;

64 YEARS.

IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

700 ACRES,

Polish Privet

the only absolutely hardy privet known. Intro-
duced from Poland, Russia over 20 years ago by
the Iowa State College.

Now growing in every Northern State in the
Union. Tested for hardiness in all the Dom.
Exp. Farms in Canada, from Nova Scotia to
Vancouver. Mr. Angus Mackey, Inspector of
Farms for Western Canada, writes from Indian
Head, Sask., that the Polish privet is quite hardy
and doing well. Write for circular .giving prices
and full description, with testimonials from over
50 prominent Horticulturists and Growers in
both the U. S. and Canada.

What's the use of monkeying with privet that
kills back every few winters. Plant the Polish,’ —
it never winter-kills, is a fine grower, beautiful
dark green foliage throughout the season, nearly
evergreen, propagates readily. Prices: 1 yr, first
class, 4 to 6 inch, branched, $1.85 per 100. Hard-
wood cuttings, 8 inch, $2 per 1,000. Send for prices
of 2 and 3 year olds. (Our 30 years in the busi-
ness is your guaranty.

Address

IRVIN INGELS

Home Nursery LaFayette, Illinois

Water Lilies for An ArtificialPooI
or Aiong a Natural Water Course

In the gardens at Arlington I grow many varie-
ties of Water Lilies and aquatic plants. My col-
lection includes those that are specially adapted to
planting in the pools and natural waterways that
are nearly always found on large estates, parks,
and cemeteries.

I shall be glad to assist gardeners and landscape
architects in selecting the varieties that will be suited
to their pui pose. I have the largest establishment in
the world devoted solely to aquatics, and have propa-
gated and introduced many of the varieties that are in
cultivation today. Write today for a copy of my 1917
booklet, which describe's and illustrates Water Lilies
and Water Plants for greenhouse, garden and estate.
iua,iled free.

WILLIAM TRICKER

D Arlington, New Jersey

Ask Park and Cemetery for New
Catalog of the Revised Line of Com-
plete Cemetery Record Books.

Hardy Native Trees and Shrubs

For Immediate Effect.

Rhododendrons, Kalmia, etc.

Nursery Grown Hemlocks,

Write for Price List.

The CHARLES G. CURTIS COMPANY

Callicoon, New York

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates
Will Keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically
Easily attached and requires no attention. Write for
descriptive circular. Special prices if you mention this
M agazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO., Boston. Mass.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Cotta Color at $2.90 Each

Size 18 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.

South Zanesville, O.

Dreer Specialties

For Parks and Cemeteries

Roses, Hardy Perennials, Hardy Shrubs, HarJy
Climbers, Boxwood, Hedge Plants. Aquatics. Decorative
and Flowering Plants, Bulbs, Flower Seeds, etc.; also

Grass Seeds tor Every Purpose

We are large producers and will be pleased to
give information, or send our wholesale pricelist, to
Superintendents of Parks and Cemeteries. Write about
anything needed.

Henry A. Dreer

Philadelphia, Pa.

A MOST HELPFUL
CATALOG OF PLANTS
SHRUBS and TREES

YOU who love trees for their beauty
will want the new ornamental tree
and shrub book of the Andorra Nurseries.

It tells wbat trees are best adapted for
each landscape purpose. The book is yours
for tbe asking. Address Box 150.

Andorra Nurseries

W^m. W^arner Harper. Proprietor

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their records of

Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on
request. PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO. ILL.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

31

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

j cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the ist of the month.

SITUATION WANTED BY LANDSCAPE
man experienced in all outside work,
managing' men designing and drawing
plans; steady position. F. Shul, care Ameri-
can Bulb Co., 172 N. Wabash A'v,. Chicago,
111.

SITUATION WANTED — SUPERINTEND-
ent and assistant manager of large Chi-
cago cemetery desires to make a change by
Hay 1st. Thoroughly experienced in man-
aging- cemetery grounds, lot sales, office ac-
counting and greenhouses. Ten years’ ex-
])erience. Member of Association of Ameri-
can Cemetery Superintendents, Best of ref-
erences. Address “Chicago,” care Park and
Cemetery.

WANTED— AS SEXTON'S ASSISTANT A
bright, active, go-ahead young man who
himself can work, and, too, handle other
men successfully; must be neat, sober, hon-
est and courteous. References required. A
.good permanent and progressiye .iob. Ap-
ply to William Falconer. Superintendent
Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburg, Pa.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EiVIBALAI-
in.g- and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalo.g
and information. Worsham Training Scliool,
620 So. Lincoln St., Chicago. 111.

WANTED — POSITION AS SUPERIN-
lendent of park and cemetery; 30 years’
of experience in a leading cemeteiy; best
of references. Address “Relialde,” care
Park and Cemetery.

MAKE US AN OFFER ON AN A NO. 1
F'aii'banks Morse Spraying Machine with
good gasolene engine, cost $800.00 one year
ago and has had only one week's usage.
Address, Superintendent, Grosse Point
Shores, Mich.

CORRESPONDENCE INSTRUCTION;
BECOME A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT!

inexpensive! Easily mastered in spare
time. We render our students every as-
sistance. Write today. American Land-
scape School, Newark, New York State.

FOR SALE!

Two Coldwell Power

Lawn Mowers

In good running order

We have no further use for these
mowers and will consider any
reasonable offer

The National Cash Register Co.

Dayton, Ohio

Stark Bros.’ Nurseries

Louisiana, Mo. ^

Iiandscape Architects, specially
trained for park and cemetery -work.

We are the largest growers in
-America. Our ornamentals are grown
by the most expert propagators; are
carefully trained, bushy, heavy rooted.

We offer free consultation and ad-
vice, and will prepare complete de-
signs for Park, Cemetery or Private
Grounds.

Write for free book — fully illus-
trated, explaining in detail formal and
informal methods of Landscape Gar-
dening.

Stark Bros.* Nurseries

Box 1000 Louisiana, Mo.

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L. A. MEMBER A S i A.

Hare & Hare

Landscape architects

604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4338

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Adviso?-

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.» Minneapolis, Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited . City
Paik Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

Arthur R. Gross

Landscape Gardener

848 Penobscot Building

Detroit, Mich.

Specializing in Cemetery Design,
Development and Operation

Consulting Landscape Gardener for The Mount
Greenwood Cemetery of Chicago

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers

WILLOUGHBY, OHIO

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

IVrite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, ILL.

from the high Carolina Mountains,
the most beautiful Hemlock known.

the new clear
pink species.

Tsuga Caroliniana
Rhododendron Carolinianum

Rare American Plants and Specimen Evergreens.

Rock, Water and Wild Gardens designed and executed.

Marian P. Kelsey, Landscape Architect

Owner, Highlands Nursery in North Carolina Ocslpwi MflQQPf

Boxford Nursery in Massachusetts Odiem, iYldSSxlCn UbUlltj

Catalogs

These Prices Arc Your Opportunity

To introduce our mail-order department we are ofteriug' a fine lot of
carefully grown parking trees, 2 to 2j/^ inches in diameter, measured
2 inches above ground-line.

American Elrn $ 8. .60

American Sycamore 7.50

.Sugar Maple 10.00

Soft Maple

Norway ami Carolina Poplar.

Prices: f. o. 1r. Council Bluffs, Iowa. Terms; 20% cash with order or 5%
discount for cash in full.

Order To-day — This offer is limited and may be recalled.

MENERAY NURSERIES, Inc.

3101 Avenue A Council Bluffs, Iowa

“Here Since 1868”— 250 Acres Nursery Stock

Per 1 0

Per 50

Per 100

.$37.50

$70.00

7.50

32.50

60.00

10.00

47.50

95.00

7.00

30.00

55.00

5.50

17.50

32.50

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes 1.000 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials. Location
of Graves, etc Descriptive circular sent on request,

PARK AhD CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO. ILL.

Park and Cemetery Entrances and Fences

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences as a specialized department
enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle your fence and entrance problems.

Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances and fence to harmoniously

blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron Works Company

Cleveland, Ohio

HANDSOME DESIGNS of ENTRANCE GATES

^ If you contemplate improving your Parks, Cemeteries, Public or Pi^vate Grounds witb entrance
gates or fencing, do not fail to give us an opportunity to figure witb you on tbe same. We can furnisb
you any quality of work you may desire from tbe cheapest to tbe most elaborate.

We are tbe oldest manufacturers of iron fence and entrance gates, flower vases and settees m tbe United States,
having been engaged in tbe business for more tban forty years. e build more fences tban all our competitors combined.

Ask for our catalogue. We can save you money and our work will please you. Special designs submitted
upon application.

THE CHAMPION IRON COMPANY. Box C, Kenton, Ohio

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Development of Canadian Dominion Parks — Method; of Arresting White Pine
Disease — Year’s Progress in Landscape Architecture — Attractive Type of
Park Shelter House — Cemetery Record and Accounting Forms — Best Cem-
etery Monuments of the Year — Problems of Park and Cemetery Law.

34

PAR K AX D C EM ETER V.

ONLY GENUINE

“PHILADELPHIA”

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Co.

31st and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.

LAWN MOWERS HAVE

Vanadium Crucible Steel Blades,

The Master Alloy and Toughest Steel Known.
Originators of the First Side Wheel Lawn Mower in 1869.
Nearly a half century doing ONE THING WELL.

Bearings bored with rifle barrel accuracy.

The Standard by which other makes are measured.

Our List Prices on Mowers and extra parts
remain the same as they have been for the past
twenty years.

The Most Complete,

Reliable and
Efficient

HAND,

HORSE and
MOTOR

Lawn Mowers Manufactured.

Styles “Graham” and “A,” AII=SteeL
Practically Indestructible.

STYLES

“GRAHAM” All-Steel 1 0"
Wheels — 4 Blades
“A” All-Steel 10" Wheels — 4
Blades

“E” Removab'.e Box Caps 10"
Wheels — 4 Blades
“K” Plain or Roller Bearings 10"
Wheels — 5 Blades
“ALL DAY” High Wheel— 4
Blades

“UNIVERSITY” 4 Blades 9"
Wheels

“INDEPENDENCE” Roller
Bearing 9" Wheels — 4 Blades
“OVERBROOK” Roller Bearing
8" Wheels — 4 Blades
“GOLF” 6 or 8 Blades
“EAGLE” Flexible Frame Horse
Mower

Are incomparable in style,
durability and results

style “E,” Vanadium Crucible Steel Blades.

We employ the HIGH-
EST GRADE materials
and workmanship t o
produce the most per-
fect lawn mowers.
Known throughout the
world since 1869 for
their many superior
features.

40" Cut Riding Type, Weight 1600 Lbs.

40" Cut Walking Type, Weight 1300 Lbs.

30" Cut Walking Type, Weight 900 Lbs.

Flexible Frame, Chain Driven.

Rollers Have Differential Gears.

Cuts 1 to Acres per Hour.

Guaranteed Against All Imperfections
in Workmanship and Materials.

Style “K” — 5 Blades — Plain or Roller
Bearings.

Philadelphia Roller Bearings possess many
advantages over old style ball bearings.

SEND FOR 1917 CATALOG

Improved “Eagle” Horse Power Mower. Flexible
Frame. 30", 35" and 40" Cut.

33

PARK AX D C EM ETER Y.

THE ROMANCE OF THE HILLS

No part of America generates greater fascination through scenes of natural beauty and historic
romance than the home of the Green Mountain Boys of Revolutionary days. The Photograph at
the top of this page shows a typical view of the Winooski Valley with “Camel’s Hump” in the
background. The lower view was taken along the bank of the sparkling trout stream that flows
through the famous “Williamstown Gulf” a few miles from Barre. Automobile tours to these
beauty spots will be one of the features of the Barre Convention. It will be a “Red Letter” week
of a lifetime for those who attend the annual gathering of the American Cemetery Superinten-
dents to be held in Barre, Vermont, on August 23, 29, 30 and 31 next.

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Barre Board of Trade

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1917.

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(Supt. Barre Cemeteries)

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Directing Chairman

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Barre, Vermont

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Aug. 28, 29, 30. 31

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Don’t Miss It

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36

PARK AND C EM ETER Y.

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Enhances Natural Beauty
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Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural beauty of
your grounds, and set them off in the most
effective way.

On Guard Day and Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on duty day
and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks, prowlers, and other
undesirable persons. Prevents desecration of grounds and
unwarranted intrusions.

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and harmonizes with the beauty of your landscape. Six different
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OUR BRONZE PERPETUAL CARE STAKES ARE
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Special Park and Cemetery
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PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET. CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, Presiflent H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2 00; two years, $3 50: three years. $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL. XXVII NO. 2

APRIL, 1917

EDITORIAL

CEMETERY MAINTENANCE

An inquiry regarding the right of a
cemetery association of lot owners to
levy assessments on lots for the main-
tenance of roads, paths, fences, and
other general portions of the cemetery,
answered on another page, points a
moral in cemetery management that is
obvious and that should be carefully
heeded. The gist of legal opinion seems
to be that unless some specific statute of
the state or a definite provision in the
lot owner’s contract authorizes such an
assessment, it cannot be made. It is
ordinarily understood that the improve-
ments common to the cemetery as a
whole, and those portions of the cem-
etery such as ornamental sections, roads
and drives, for the use of the general
public and all lot owners, are to be
maintained out of the general revenues
of the association. The general funds
of the association should be sufficient to
provide for this and in all modern, well
managed cemeteries this general main-
tenance is of course given to the grounds
without additional charge to the lot
owners. A cemetery is established on a
poor financial basis, indeed, when it is
not able to maintain the roads and
walks without assessing the lot owners.
Even where a cemetery is managed by
an association of lot owners without
profit, it should be self-supporting finan-
cially, and operated on sound business
principles. In most states adequate au-
thority will be found for requiring a lot
holder to keep his own lot in such condi-
tion that it will not mar the general
appearance of the grounds or interfere
with the rights of other lot owners. But
the lot owner should not be expected to
assume liability for the up-keep of parts
of the grounds used for common benefit.
It is the duty of every cemetery to see
that revenues from lot sales are suffi-
cient to give adequate general mainten-
ance to the grounds and administration
buildings, and the lot owner has a right
to expect that the price he pays for a
lot covers this general service.

THE CEMETERY PLANNER

The development of cemeteries as
business enterprises has progressed so
rapidly within the past few years as to
show th.e need for a thorough study in
efficiency in every phase of cemetery
management. A cemetery operated for
profit must be managed just as sincerely

for the best interests of the lot holders
as one that is owned by the lot holders
and operated without profit. In fact on
no other basis can a privately owned
cemetery be a success. Many business
men are entering upon the development
of cem.eteries wholly without experience
and training and without the realization
that operating a cemetery is a highly
specialized and technical work. No cem-
etery company should think of organiz-
ing without an expert plan and report,
and expert service is just as much
needed in determining the price of lots,
the rules and regulations to be observed
and the financial and accounting prob-
lems as it is in the landscape plan and
improvement of the grounds. The cem-
etery planner works as carefully and
studies his problem as thoroughly as the
city planner, and efficient cemetery de-
velopment is not possible without the
proper expert and technical advice. How
little this fact is recognized is illustrated
in inquiries that come frequently to
Park and Cemetery in such form as
the following: “It is my intention to
operate a private burial ground on a
modern plan. Though inexperienced, I
have been granted this privilege under
the laws of the state and I own some
land particularly adapted to this purpose.
Other business prevents my active con-
nection at the present time,’’ etc. An-
other one writes : “Will you kindly in-
form me if there is any law regulating
corporations or individuals operating
cemeteries in the state of .’’ An-
other writes : “The cemetery

wants to build a receiving vault to hold
about fifty bodies. How are they built?
How much do they cost? Enclosed find
stamped envelope for reply.” Still an-
other writes: “I have been referred to
you as a source from which I might se-
cure information, by-laws, rules and
regulations for a cemetery ; also the
probable charge that should be made for
the sale and use of lots in a place of
about twenty-five hundred.”

The cemetery planner and efficiency
manager is the first need of new ceme-
teries or old ones that want to modern-
ize and his duties are broadening and
his field of labor extending under mod-
ern conditions of cemetery development.

PROTECTING WHITE PINE

The authorities of the Department of
Agriculture are holding public hearings

to consider the restriction or prohibition
of shipments of pines and of currant
and gooseberry bushes, to prevent the
spread of white-pine blister rust.

The question of whether a quarantine
line should be drawn either at the west-
ern border of the states of North Da-
kota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas,
Oklahoma, and Texas, or at the Mis-
sissippi River, or at some interme-
diate point is being considered. The
white-pine blister rust has continued to
spread in New England and eastern New
York and has been found to a limited
extent in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Energetic measures for its eradication or
control are being taken by Federal and
State governments and private organiza-
tions, in realization of the danger which
threatens our immensely valuable pine
forests. To assist in this control work
and to prevent the blister rust from get-
ting a foothold in the western United
States, consideration will be given to
the desirability of prohibiting all ship-
ments of white-pine nursery stock from
the Eastern and Central States to the
Western States. Currant and gooseberry
nursery stock must also be considered in
this connection, since they are hosts for
the blister rust, and a necessary stage in
its development. A domestic quarantine
to protect the pine forests of the West
was proposed a year ago and a hearing
held in February, 1916, by the Federal
Horticultural Board. It was then found
that the most effective results would be
secured by prohibiting the shipment of
eastern pines and gooseberry and cur-
rant bushes west of a line drawn beyond
the Mississippi. Such a quarantine was
not then legally possible.

Moreover, there was not at that time
sufficient knowledge available of the
distribution of the disease in the cen-
tral states. Federal action was there-
fore necessarily limited to securing the
voluntary co-operation of nurserymen
to prevent shipments of white pine west
of the Great Plains.

Congress at the last session amended
the Plant Quarantine Act to permit the
drawing of quarantine lines where need-
ed to prevent the spread of plant pests
rather than at the boundaries of infected
States. The department is considering
acting under this new authority in the
light of more extended surveys.

38

PARK AND C E M ET E R Y.

D ev elopment of Canada’s Dominion Parks

THE VALLEY OP THE TEN PEAKS, ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK.

In the recent illustrated report on
Canada's Dominion Parks, issued by
Commissioner J. R. Harkin, much evi-
dence is presented to emphasize the fact
that the national parks are not national
ornaments, but are essentially service
parks; that they exist to render real,
necessary, and valuable service to the
people.

In Rocky Mountains Park the auto-
mobile road from the east boundary of
the park to Banff has been considerably
improved and now affords motorists
from the prairie cities an excellent op-
portunity to drive through the National
park and enjoy the magnificent scenery
en route. This road is being extended
and is about completed to Castle, some
17 miles west of Banff. About a mile
west of Castle the road crosses the
tracks of the Canadian Pacific railway.
A short distance farther on, it crosses
the Bow river over a two-span steel
bridge, then winds its way upwards in a
series of easy gradients to the summit
of the Continental Divide; thence on
through the Vermilion pass into the
province of British Columbia. Con-
siderable attention has been given to
afford visitors and residents every fa-
cility for healthy outdoor enjoyment.
Additional trails have been opened up,
roads have been improved, a recreation
ground has been laid out for l)aseball,

cricket and football and other sports.
The children’s playground has been spe-
cially fitted up for their enjoyment, and
a commodious building equipped with
large kitchen, cloak rooms, and all the
necessary conveniences has been pro-
vided. The Bow river is navigable for
motor launches for a distance of some
10 miles from Banff and, with the Echo
river. Vermilion lakes, and h'ortymile
creek, affords delightful opportunities for
boating and canoeing amid the unrivalled
scenery of the mountains.

On the road from Lake Louise to
Moraine lake — the only road suitable for
tally-ho traffic in this district — a con-
siderable amount of work was done be-
fore orders were received to cease
operations. The high banks at the
Moraine end caused many slides which
imperilled the safety of all kinds of
vehicular traffic, and the material so dis-
placed was used for re-surfacing pur-
poses. The turning point of the end
of Moraine lake was re-dressed and
widened; large stones were raked off,
and the road for a distance of about 2
miles from the lake was put into good
condition.

A large amount of work was done in
connection with the extension of the
network of trails throughout the park.

During the summer, contracts were let
for four trails, which will open up 38
miles of new trails. There are now a

total of 255 miles of trails in Rocky
Afountains Park.

In Rocky Mountains park one of the
most important accomplishments was
the completion of the new bathhouse, de-
scribed in the March issue.

In the spring of 1914 the Dominion
Parks Branch decided to set apart lOO
square miles of territory and add it to-
the district known as ‘'Victoria park,”
north of the city of Revelstoke, includ-
ing Mount Revelstoke and other moun-
tains. The Provincial Government had
already made a survey of the route to
the summit, and later had begun to con-
struct a road. The Dominion Govern-
ment then decided to continue it to the
summit, and it was begun in July, 1914.
The total length of this road, when
completed, will be about 15 miles, and
the area of the proposed park will take
in some forty-eight sections, or 30,720
acres of rugged scenery. This land is
of no use for agricultural or buildin,g
sites, but eminently adapted for scenic
purposes.

A pony trail has been built by the
council of the city of Revelstoke from
the town to the summit of Mount
Revelstoke, and some 4 miles beyond, to
an elevation of 6,500 feet.

Some 500 persons ascended Mount
Revelstoke last season; the number >vas
considerably more this year, but that
many more will do so when the fine

1

LAKE EYA, REVELSTOKE PARK.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

39

ON THE WAY TO THE UPPER TiOT SPRINGS. ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK.

automobile road of about iSyi miles,
winding up the mountain, from the sum-
mit of which such a splendid panoramic
view is obtained, can easily be imagined.

A ski club was formed in Revelstok?;
skiing is now the favorite pastime, and
every other person you meet, young and
old, has a pair of skis. A ski carnival
and jumping competition was held on
the slopes of mount Revelstoke, which
about 2,000 people attended.

The policy of the Parks Branch is to
rush the new auto road to completion,
and when finished, Revelstoke park will
be able to lay claim to having an auto
drive attaining to a higher altitude than
any other park on the continent, if not
in the world. Further, it is proposed to
prepare a golf course at the summit
among the many alpine meadows, thus
enabling visitors to enjoy this popular
pastime “above the clouds.’’

Leaving the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way’s depot at Revelstoke, the road runs
westward through the city for about a
mile, then turns north on the “Big
Bend’’ wagon road. This road is fol-
lowed for about one and one-quarter
miles, and then a turn eastward is made
into the auto road ascending Mount
Revelstoke. Owing to the topography of
the country the road switches back east
and west behind the city, rising from one
bench to another until an elevation of
approximately 4,500 feet is reached.
Then a long tangent is run to the eastern
or Illecillewaet slope, after which the
route turns northwesterly to the summit.
In constructing the first four miles of
this road, about 12,000 cubic yards of

rock and earth were removed, and in
the construction of bridges about 23,000
lineal feet of round timber were used.
Sufficient good material is found on the
ground for all such work, but plank
has to be purchased for decking for sev-
eral larger bridges yet to be constructed.

With the completion of the present
programme of automobile road construc-
tion, preparing of golf course, and erec-
tion of small chalet at the summit, the
opening up of good pony trails to the
many points of interest and making
these easy of access for the tourist, the

city of Revelstoke will be in a position
to offer inducements to the traveler
which few cities in Canada can furnish.
Revelstoke park provides the sightseer
sufficient variety to satisfy the most ex-
acting. The botanist can find ample
scope for investigation among the flora,
the mountain-climber numbers of trying
climbs to test his mettle, while the
hunter or fisherman can readily be out-
fitted with guides, ponies, provisions,
etc., for his outing in the solitudes in
quest of big game outside the limits of
the park.

Controlling PFhite Pine Blister Disease

Sentiment among those interested in for-
estry and familiar with the present white-
pine blister disease situation has crystallized
into a desire for immediate and concerted
action. A few conservatives have taken
the attitude that it is useless to attempt the
control of any forest tree disease in this
country because it has never been done.
It is the general opinion among foresters
and plant pathologists that the white pine
is vastly too valuable to lose and that
vigorous efforts should be made to fight
the blister canker. There is no longer room
to doubt the ability of this disease to com-
pletely kill all w.hite pines growing in prox-
imity to currant and gooseberry bushes.
.■\ltlioiigh it is not proved by practical ex-
perience on a large scale that the disease
can be completely controlled by the de-
struction of diseased pines and the elimina-
tion of all currant and gooseberry plants
within areas of general infection, this plan
has proved to be effective on small areas

Address by S. B. Detweiler at the

American Forestry Association Conference

in checking the spread of the fungus from
infected plantations.

It is certain that the blister disease can-
not pass from pine to pine without passing
through the intermediate stage on currant
or gooseberry leaves. Therefore, the only
question that can arise concerning the ef-
fectiveness of the proposed method of con-
trolling the disease is whether it is pos-
sible to destroy all- the currants and goose-
berries in a given area and thereafter keep
it free, and whether the value of the pine
will justify the cost of the work. Further
experience in eradicating currant and
gooseberry bushes on a large scale will
undoubtedly develop cheaper and more ef-
fective methods, as, for instance, killing
strongly rooted bushes or mats of skunk
currants by means of chemicals sprayed on
the leaves. The destruction of the dis-
eased pines is an additional precautionary
measure that appears to be advisable in
large control areas to prevent the disease

lieing carried to currants and gooseberries
beyond the borders of the area.

When small spots of infection exist be-
yond the region of generally scattered dis-
ease, it will usually be advisable to de-
stroy both pine and currant hosts known
or suspected of having been exposed to
infection. The greatest sanitary precau-
tions should be taken, such as sterilizing
the uniforms of inspectors and disinfect-
ing the plants having fruiting bodies of the
fungus before they are handled, during
such time as the spores are viable.

The blister canker fungus does not re-
spect state or national boundary lines in
its rapid invasion. Effective control re-
quires united action — state, interstate, na-
tional and international. Little can be ac-
complished without adequate appropria-
tions, and before the money can be wisely
spent, most states need laws giving the
authorities full power to act and act
quickly. Concerted, action by state and na-

40

P A R K AND C E M ET E R Y.

lional authorities appears to be the only-
possible salvation for the pines. Nature
has not intervened in checking the chest-
nut blight and other imported diseases, and
it seems probable that we shall have to pay
with the white pine, or a partial cash
equivalent of its value, for our open door
policy in importing plant pests.

Public support will secure the following
measures, by which the control of the dis-
ease may become a reality instead of a
hope';

1. A federal quarantine prohibiting ship-
ment of all five-leaved pines and all cur-
rant and gooseberry bushes beyond the
western boundaries of Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana, to pre-
vent the introduction of the pine blister dis-
ease from the eastern white pine area into
the western white pine forests of the Rocky
Mountain and Pacific Coast states.

2. A federal quarantine regulation
should be issued prohibiting the shipment
of all five-leaved pines and all currants and
gooseberry bushes from infected areas into
regions where the disease has not yet been
found. This action could be taken at
once and would save the public great
prospective loss, .^t the present time, all
pine, currant and gooseberry planting
stock, from nurseries or the native woods,
must be suspected of being infected. The
direct loss through death of diseased pine
stock, though considerable, is insignificant
when compared to the cost of controlling
the disease, or, if not controlled, the early
loss of native and planted pines which
might otherwise thrive for years.

3. Scouting should be continued on an
extensive scale, to determine definitely the
boundaries of infected areas, and to locate
possible infections in new territory.

4. Large-scale experiments should l5e
undertaken to determine the feasibility of
controlling the pine blister disease, and the
least expensive means of accomplishing
this result most effectively.

Tn addition to this action, the various
states in the white pine belt should proceed
against the disease, as follows :

1. Adequate laws should be enacted,
giving authority to the proper state official
to destroy all white pine, currant and
gooseberry plants infected with the dis-
ease or in danger of becoming infected.
Because of the need for persons handling
diseased plants to take the greatest pre-
cautionary measures to avoid distributing
the spores of the disease from one place
to another, eradication of the diseased
plants should be done by men in state em-
ploy, specially trained and wearing a uni-
form than can be disinfected before ap-
proaching the vicinity of pines or areas, of
disease-free currants.

2. Each state should establish a quaran-
tine preventing the introduction of any
five-leaved pines, or any currant or goose-
berry bushes from any area in which in-
fection is known to exist, duplicating the

action taken by the states of Wisconsin,
Idaho, Montana and Oregon.

3. Each state in which white pine is im-
portant as a native or planted tree should
appropriate sufficient funds to enable the
proper state officials to conduct such op-
erations as may be necessary for detailed
scouting and the control of the disease
when found.

4. Cultivated black currants should be
declared a pest, and the bushes destroyed
in all states where five-leaved pines grow,
regardless of whether the disease has ap-
peared in the locality. This action is ad-
visable because the cultivated black currant
is especially susceptible to infection, and
the elimination of this plant would do
much to prevent the rapid spread of the
fungus.

Federal and state action, to be success-
ful, requires the active co-operation of in-
dividual citizens in the following par-
ticulars :

1. When the disease is found on pines,
currants or gooseberries, the state officials
in charge of control work should be
notified, and the diseased plants destroyed
promptly according to the recommendation
of the authorities.

2. Where state authorities deem it neces-
sary to destroy all currant and gooseberry
bushes, or take other drastic action to con-
trol the disease, individuals should give all
possible aid and influence others to do so.

3. The general planting of five-leaved,
pines should not be encouraged. The grow-
ing of currant or gooseberry stock should
not be favored in localities where thev
mav endanger white pines. In the case of
white pine planting stock, the nursery from
which it is purchased should be required
to give a written guarantee that the stock
was grown from seed in their own nur-
series, that no infections of the white pine
blister disease have ever been found in the
nursery or within 300 yards, and that the
trees have not stood near currant or goose-
berry bushes.

The first warning against the white pine
blister disease was issued in 1906 when
Doctor Stewart announced its discovery in
New York. During the past ten years the
disease has 'become well established, and it
is safe to predict that by the time all of
the needed laws and appropriations are
made, the boundaries of the diseased areas
will be considerably advanced. Under
present conditions we face the unpleasant
certainty of the widespread introduction of
the disease into new localities, through dis-
eased pine, currant and gooseberry plant-
ing stock, exactly as the chestnut blight
was carried on nursery stock into Indiana,
Michigan, Iowa, Nebraska, Washington
and British Columbia. Data collected by the
United States Department of Agriculture
shows that over 60 nurseries have handled
stock infected with the pine blister disease.
It is highly important that the inspectors
employed in pine blister control be pre-
vented from carrying the spores of the
fungus from place to place on their hands

and clothmg, but far greater danger lie.s
in the shipment of nursery stock into areas
now free from the disease. Every new in-
fection outside of the present known areas
not only will add greatly to the cost of
control, but will hasten the time when
white pine trees can be grown only where
the strictest control measures are con-
stantly enforced.

The fullest co-operation between state
and federal agencies and individuals is es-
sential to practical control work. A single
individual or a single state that refuses to
apply the measures necessary to check the
disease in a given area may add greatly to
the cost of the work, or may even make
control impossible. In this connection it
is our du.ty to prevent the disease from
crossing the Canadian boundary, and thus
co-operate with the Canadian government,
which is making every effort to control the
disease in Canada and prevent it from
sweeping westward into Michigan. The
Canadian government likewise is now tak-
ing steps to safeguard the western pine
areas through absolute quarantine of white
pine, currant and gooseberry nursery stock.

One question bound to arise and quite
apt to be judged from a narrow and selfish
viewpoint, is the comparative value of
white pine and currants. In the pine re-
gions of New England where currants and
gooseberries are found principally in scat-
tered garden patches, little thought is given
to such a question, but when we reach
the fruit belts, such as the southern shore
of Lake Ontario, where there are large
numbers of nurseries and plantations, the
value of currant and gooseberry bushes
becomes somewhat of a factor. The an-
nual cut of white pine lumber, lath and
shingles in 1909 in the New England States,
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Ohio, Minnesota and Wisconsin was re-
ported by the Bureau of Census to be
worth in excess of $55,000,000. This figure
includes Norway pine in the states of Min-
nesota and Wisconsin, but since it does
not consider the value of white pine wood
used in slack cooperage, ties, pulp and
veneer, it is safe to say that the white pine
timber cut in the area in which the pine
blister disease has been found was worth
from 40 million to 50 million dollars in
1909. According to the 1910 census, the
value of the currant and gooseberry crop
of 1909 in these same states was slightly
in excess of a half million dollars. The
value of the bushes in this area may be
estimated roughly at 50 cents each, which
would make their total value slightly less
than $11,300,000 for 5,646 acres of currants
and gooseberries which were growing on
59,837 farms, if the bushes were planted at
the rate of 4,000 per acre. These figures
show that in the states where the blister
disease has appeared, the annual returns
from white pine are more than three times
the combined values of all gooseberry and
currant bushes and their annual crop. The
value of the cultivated currants and goose-

PARK AND CEMETERY.

41

berries of the entire United States, for the
year lOOfl, including the annual crop of
fruit, is given in the census as less than
48 million dollars. The stumpage value of
our white pines is estimated to be from
7 to 10 times this sum. In other words,
for each 10 or 15 cents of gain from cur-
rants and gooseberries, there is a pos-
sibility of losing a dollar in white pine
values now threatened by the blister dis-
ease.

An unusually attractive type of park
shelter house of simple, serviceable archi-
tecture is the one in Tower Grove Park,
St. .Louis, designed by Architect E. C.
Janssen.

The site chosen is a few hundred feet
west of the Shakespeare statue, directly
beyond the playground, and centering upon
the main axis of the park. This choice of
location was dictated by several considera-
tions— the need of having the building in
close pro-ximity to the chief gathering
places of recreation seekers, the necessity
of providing a comfort station in the west-
ern part of the park, and the suitability of
the ground to the purpose. Situated al-
most upon the plateau of the principal
eminence, with the foundation nearly level
with that of the statue, the building has
just the degree of conspicuily demanded
by its simple and dignified lines, while the
frame of trees and shrubbery in which it
rests prevents its intrusion too harshly up-
on the landscape setting.

This building embodies the best type of
construction. The walls and architrave,
as well as other parts demanding strength,
are of reinforced concrete, and the outside
finish of the walls is probably unique in

Again, for ornamental purposes, the pine
has greater financial value. To be sure
there are valuable collections of currants
and gooseberries in nurseries, parks and
botanical gardens, but their value is not
to be compared with that of millions of
pine trees planted for ornamental effect in
parks and on lawns throughout the pine
belt. Some good friends of the birds have
regretted losing the wild gooseberries and

this city, consisting of crushed stone not
exceeding one-half inch in size, bonded
with cement and moulded against plane
surfaces. Inside, within the colonnade, is
a shelter room ample for the protection of
many persons during rainstorms. At the
north and south ends- are placed toilet
rooms, finished in marble and equipped
with fixtures of the most efficient type. The
roof is low in pitch, with extending eaves,
giving a most satisfactory skyline, and is
covered with flat tiles, of green color, low
in tone, merging softly into the surround-
ings, whether seen from the easterly or the
westerly direction.

This structure covers a ground space of
about eighty-three feet in length and thirty-
eight in depth, not including the projecting
portions. Immediately east of it, con-
venient to the playgrounds, is the wading
pool for children, which is constructed in
the best manner at present possible, with
asphalted base below the floor, and seams
stopped with plastic cement. The inside
dimensions are eighty-one by twenty-two
feet, and the outside rim varies between
six and seven feet at different points. Near
the ends are placed four ornamental vases,
of concrete.

Water and sewer connections were made

currants as food for birds, but such value
cannot compare with the value of white
pine as a cover for birds, or even the food
value of its seed. The feeling of the aver-
age property holder is well expressed in a
recent letter to the Department, This
writer, a lady, says: "Of course, I do not
wish to lose my currant bushes unless I
have to, as I find them very useful for
jelly, but if they are injuring my trees or
other people’s trees, they will have to go.’’

Shelter House

to the southwest, a six-inch water main
being laid for 770 feet, and an eight-inch
sewer pipe for a distance of 8.3'd feet. At a
convenient point near this water main, but
at some distance from the building, a con-
crete drinking fountain was installed, as a
part of the general work under the con-
tract.

The total cost of the building and pool,
with accessories, amounted to $18,916.90,
the building alone costing about $16,004.

The entire floors throughout the build-
ing, as also the tool room, are laid with
best quality of 4-inch thick granitoid com-
posed of Portland cement and crushed
granite. The top finish is of 5/6-inch thick
Portland cement and granite screenings
thoroughly troweled smooth and even with
joints cut through. The ends of the cor-
ridor are laid off in 12-inch blocks imitat-
ing tiling, merely marked, not cut clear
through. The main floor and center por-
tion of corridor have a slight fall towards
the steps either way, as also the ends of
corridors.

The re-enforcing iron work includes
about seventy-five %-inch bolts with one
end upset and the other end threaded, pro-
vided with nut and 4-inch cast washers

An Attractive Type of Park

SHELTEIi HOUSE IN TOWER GROVE PARK, ST. LOUIS.

42

PARK A X D CEM ETER Y.

laid in the concrete beam to secure the
4-inch wall plate. There are six 10-inch
I-beams with 10-inch by Td-inch bj' %-inci)
steel bearing plates set over the beams
above columns for support of the roof.
Four-inch by 0-inch angle clips are bolted
to the top flange and provided with two
%-inch bolts to pass through 6-inch posts.

The gutters all around the building are
of 16 oz. cold rolled copper crimped over
14-inch iron bar on both sides and hung
to roofs with strong iron hooks covered
with 12 oz. copper placed not less than
two feet on centers. The gutters are con-

nected with sewers with 4-inch square
down spouts of 16 oz. cold rolled copper
and secured to walls with plain cleats and
provided with overflow boxes and pressed
Lions head.

The entire roof is laid with Ludowici-
Celedon heavy butt shingle non-fading
green tile, with all the necessary hip No.
102 and ridge No. 213 moulds and plain
terminals, laid on a two ply ready made
asphalt roof, put on with 2-inch lap, the
joints being mopped and nailed.

The rafters are 2 by 14 inches and have
4 inch by 14-inch hips and ridges and 4-inch

by 8-inch wall plates bolted to the con-
crete walls around building.

The entire ceiling is lined with %-inch
by 214-inch matched beaded and single
dressed clear yellow pine nailed to each
joist. The ceilings of the center portion
of main corridor and above the main floor
have 13/16-inch by C-inch dressed face
boards with heavy bed mouldings.

All framing lumber is of sound rough
yellow pine, and all mill work of clear yel-
low cypress, dressed, joined and glued to-
gether in the best manner and thoroughly
sand papered for natural finish.

Best Cemetery Monuments of the Year

(Concluded.)

The importance of correct lines and per-
fect proportions is seldom better illustrated
than in the chaste and graceful little "Mor-
ris" stele or tablet, erected by Daniel &
Pancoast, of San Francisco, in Mountain
View Cemetery, Oakland. The pure lines
of the Greek stele are here admirably pre-
served, and with the decorative touches
added by a little cap of the "Scipio" style,
and a square-raised grooved letter, make
a little monument of true elegance. This
is 4-6x2-6.x at the base and 7-6 high, and
was executed in blue-white Westerly gran-
ite by Joseph Newall & Co., of Westerly,
R. I.

The “Williams" tablet is a work of rare
architectural character that is one of the

most original of the fine types in which
columns are used as buttresses to a central
die. The columns are admirably worked
into the design, and with the subdued ele-
gance of the Grecian cap, suggest much of
the character of the classic caryatids. This
IS one of the finest evolution^ of the "can-
opy” or columnar type of cemetery con-
struction.

One of the simplest, yet at the same time
one of the most beautiful, small tablet
types that have been studied from the
Colonial is illustrated on the opposite page
in the fine "Ward" tablet, erected in
Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, N. Y., by
McDonnell & Sons of that city. Those
who have studied the characteristic exam-
ples of Colonial tablets illustrated in these

pages some months ago will readily recog-
nize the effective and beautiful Colo'nial
suggestion in this decoration and will
appreciate the skillful manner in which the
designer has made something distinctively
beautiful and modern and at the same time
kept the beauty and spirit of the original
style. This work was designed by John F.
Stanley, chief designer for McDonnell &
Sons, and was executed in Barre granite in
their plant at Barre, Vt. The thirty-third
degree Masonic emblem and other carving
have been adapted very cleverly to the
shape of the tablet. The rear is also carved
across the top and bears the inscription ;
"Francis G. Ward, 18o6-191o; Lieut.-Col.
2n2nd Regiment, N. Y. Vols. ; Commission
of Public Works, City of Buffalo, IhOl-
1915."

A Year’s Record of Landscape Architecture

Written by John Nolen for
the American Year Book, 1916

ORGANIZATIONS.— A highly special-
ized four-year professional course in Land-
scape Architecture, under charge of Philip
H. Elwood, Jr., as resident professor, was
established this year at Ohio University to
meet the demand for better trained men
in the Middle West. The University of
Nebraska at Lincoln offered a new course
in Landscape Architecture. A new travel-
ing fellowship at Harvard was endowed
by Nelson Robinson, Jr., of New York, to
be known as the Charles Eliot Traveling
Fellowship in Landscape Architecture.
Benjamin Yoe Morrison was appointed to
a Sheldon Traveling Fellowship in Land-
scape Architecture from Harvard to visit
Japan and China for special study of pleas-
ure gardens there. A meeting of the
American Society of Landscape Architects
was held at Akron, Ohio, in June in con-
nection with the National Conference on
City Planning at Cleveland.

NATIONAL WORK. — Robert B. Mar-
shall, for 25 years chief geographer in the
Geological Survey, was transferred to the
new position of general superintendent of
national parks. Bill to establish a national
park service was passed, providing a sep-
arate service with a director under the

Secretary of the Interior, to supervise,
manage and control the national parks and
monuments. A new national park, the
Rocky Mountain National Park, 350 square
miles, 70 miles from Denver, was created.
The American Civic Association, in con-
junction with the Bureau of University
Travel, arranged for a tour of the national
parks during the summer months. The
Federal Aid Bill, appropriating $1,000,090
for construction of roads and trails within
the national forests, became law.

RECORD OF PUBLIC WORK.—
Among the important public works com-
pleted or in process during 1916, were the
following; Capitol Park of Iowa, 77 acres;
Hudson River Park, to run from Fort Lee
Ferry to Bear Mountain and west to Ram-
apo Mountains ; outer park belt in Cook
County, Illinois, outside of Chicago ; Bloody
Run Parkway, Cincinnati ; improvement
plan for three-unit playground at Bottineau
Field, Minneapolis: Weston Field, new play
field at Scranton, Pa., 7% acres, planned by-
Ernst Hermann, comprising field house,
bowling green, tennis courts, shelter house,
children’s playhouse and apparatus, dia-
monds, etc. ; field house for McKinley Park,
Chicago; active developments of streets.

parks and factory sites at Kingsport, Tenn. ;
Walpole, Mass., Town Forest, 150 acres,
dedicated in May ; new town for Mt.
Lhiion Refractories Co., laid out at Kistler,
Pa., near Mt. L’nion ; rural roadside plant-
ing by Massachusetts Highway Commis-
sion ; highway planting by women’s and
civic clubs of Calhoun County, Alabama ;
oil field town of Pemeta, Okla., parked and
boulevarded before it had a citizen ; Mor-
gan Park, industrial town at Duluth, Minn. ;
St. Joseph Manor, Elkhart, Ind. ; recent
park improvements at Utica, N. Y.

PRIVATE WORK. — Definite progress
■was made in domestic landscape architec-
ture and in the design and development of
private places. Each year the services of
the landscape architect are being employed
more widely to contribute to the conveni-
ence and beauty of homes that are moder-
ate in cost, as well as great estates. Among
the more important private places of the
year may be mentioned those of Mr. F. A.
Seiberling, Akron, Ohio; Mr. John E. Lig-
gett, Sands Point, L. I., N. Y. ; Mrs. F. S.
Coolidge, Pittsfield, Mass.; Mr. Cyrus H.
McCormick, Lake Forest, 111.; Mr. John J.
Raskob, “Archmere,” Claymont, Del.; Mr.
William Hall Walker, “Brookside," Great

PARK AND CEMETERY.

43

■■I' •.

COLONIAL TABLET OF GOOD DESIGN. Designed and Erected by McDonnell & Sons, Buffalo. N. Y.

^TELE TABLET OF PUUE LINES.

Daniel & P'ancoast, San Francisco, Contrs.

BE.VrTIFFL AltCHlTECTUR.M, T.\BLE'T.
Lloyd Bros. Co., Toledo, O., Contrs.

44

P A R K A X D C EM ET E R 4 \

Barrington, Alass. ; Air. Luke Vincent
Lockwood, Riverside, Conn.

COMPETITIONS AND EXHIBI-
TIONS.— Two important exhibitions of the
year w'ere those of the Boston Society of
Landscape Architects, the Harvard Uni-
\ersity students, and students at the Mas-
sachusetts Agricultural College, at the Bos-
ton City Cluh, during January; and the
Joint Exhibition of Architecture, Land-
scape Architecture, and Allied Arts, in
Boston, during November. A collaborative
competition hy an architect, a landscape
architect, and a sculptor, was held in con-
nection with the latter. Another competi-
tion of interest was that of the National
Americanization Committee for housing
immigrants.

BIBLIOGRAPHA’. — The principal pub-
lications of the year were :

THE ARCHITECTURE and Landscape
Gardening of the Exposition. (Paul El-
der and Co.)

BAILEY, LIBERTY H., ed. Standard
Cyclopedia of Horticulture, vol. I\’.
(The Alacmillan Co.)

COX, LAL'RIE D.WIDSON. A Street
Tree System for New York City, Bor-
ough of Alanhattan. ( New York State
College of Foresty at Syracuse Lhiiver-
sity. )

GLIMPSES of our National Parks. (Lb
S. Dept, of the Interior.)

HAMBLIN, STEPHEN F. Book of Gar-
den Plans. ( Doubleday, Page & Co.)

‘‘The Book of the Peony,’’ hy Airs. Ed-
ward Harding, appears in response to the
large demand for authoritative informa-
tion— historical, descriptive, practical — on
this foremost flower. The peony has grown
in popular favor in recent years, and today
boasts two national organizations devoted

KELLAWAA , H. J.' How to Lay Out
Suburban Home Grounds. 2d ed. (John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.)

KING, MRS. FRANCIS. The Well-Con-
sidered Garden. (Charles Scribner’s
Sons.)

LEWIS, NELSON P. The Planning of the
Modern City. (John Wiley and Sons,
Inc.)

LOWELL, GUY. Smaller Italian Villas
and Farmhouses. ( New AMrk Architec-
tural Book Publishing Co.)

LYLE, WILLEXAI THOAIAS. Parks and
Park Engineering. (John Wiley and
Sons, Inc.)

AIcFARLAND, J. HOR.A.CE. My Grow-
ing Garden. (The Alacmillan Co.)

AIILLER, WILHELM. The Prairie Spirit
in Landscape Gardening. (Illinois Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, LYbana,
111.)

NOLEN, JOHN, ed. City Planning. (D.
Appleton and Co. )

NOLEN, JOHN. Better City Planning for
Bridgeport. Final Report to the City Plan
Commission.

. Alore Houses for Bridgeport. Re-
port to the Chamber of Commerce,
Bridgeport, Conn.

ROBINSON, CHARLES MULFORD.
City Planning with Special Reference to
the Planning of Streets and Lots. 2nd
ed. (G. Putnam’s Sons.)

SHELTON, LOUISE. Beautiful Garden.^
in America. (Chas. Scribner’s Sons.)

to its cult. Nothing more beautiful can be
found in the field of floriculture than this
royal bloomr Mrs. Edward Harding, the
author, is a practical gardener, and her
peony garden ranks among the finest in
this country. Among the noted private
collections of peonies in Amer'cr., are

tb.ose of T. .A. Havemeyer, Air. James
Boyd, Mr. F. B. Van Vorst, Air. E. K.
Schultz and Mrs. Edward Harding. The
illustrations for this first book ever de-
voted to the peony alone, are many of
them taken in these gardens, and speak
more forcibly than words in confirmation
of the author’s claims for the peony “as
the most superb and commanding flower
which the garden holds. B_v reason of its
sheer wealth of splendor and majesty of
presence it is now entitled to be called
Queen of the Flowers.’’ A full color plate
in Mrs. Harding’s hook shows a rare
Chinese vase of the K’ang hai period which
is decorated with exquisite peonies. The
first printed picture of the peony — pub-
lished in 1484 — is reproduced. In 1(529,.
John Parkinson described six varieties of
the flow’er, in his quaint book on plants.
“Paradisi in Sole, Paradisus Terrestris, or
a Choice Garden of All Sorts of Rarest
Flowers.’’ “No flower that I know so
faire, great and double,’’ he exclaimed of
the peony of his day. The preparation of
garden soil, selection of colors and va-
rieties for desired effects, the characteris-
tics of each variety, when and where to
plant, cultivation, propagation, how to pur-
chase, extending the period of bloom, are
among the topics treated with fullness and
exactness. The magnificent tree peony is
given special attention.

The volume leaves nothing to be de-
sired in make-up, binding and illustration.
It might well be classed among art pub-
lications, despite its practical nature, and
its history of the peony includes much that
is suggestive and fascinating. The book
has 44 illustrations in color and black and
white, and is published by J. B. Lippincott.
Company of Philadelphia. It sells for
$().00, net.

A New Peony Bonk

Cemetery Record and Report Forms

The illustrations on the opposite page
show some forms for cemetery records
and reports used by Forest Park Cemetery,
Fort Smith, Ark.

ore of the most complete forms that has
come to our notice. This form enables
the superintendent to keep an accurate
record of all lot sales, interments and

formerly used. This sheet gives at a
glance all information as to lot owners,
their residence, section, lot number, date
of purchase, terms of purchase, monthly-

STATE ME NT— Forest Park Cemetery association

NAME

RECEIVED

HEADINGS OF MONTHLY STATEMENT PAGE; FULL SIZE OF PAGE, 121/2 INCHES SQUARE.

They were devised by H. E. Turner, su-
perintendent of this cemetery, and are care-
fully studied to cover the needs of his
grounds.

The monthly report form illustrated is

monument w-ork, also of all monthly col-
lections and expenditure.

Another illustration shows Air. Turner’s
new interment record form which has en-
abled him to dispense with two other books

payments, transfer form and a complete
interment record with a diagram of each
individual lot. These forms are not copy-
righted and other cemetery officials who
can make use of them are at liberty to do so.

PARK

A N D

CEMETERY.

45

Record of Lot Sale, Interments and Diagram in Forest Park Cemetery

SAI.ES REPORT-fo REST Park Cemetery Association

FAR K A N D

CEMETERY.

-If)

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask gue.itions which will be an-
swered by an attorney without charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Assessments for Maintenance

Legal Editor, Park and Cemetery: Has
an association of lot owners the right to
levy a yearly assessment on lots for the
purpose of maintaining roads, paths, fences,
etc., and have the trustees a right to refuse
interment because of non-payment of such
assessment? — N. B., N. J.

The right to levy such an .assessment de-
pends upon there being something in the
regulations of the association, the statutes
of the state, or in the contract with the
lot owner permitting such an assessment.
Llnless the lot holder is charged with notice
in one of these ways that the association
may exercise the power of assessment, it
seems cpiite clear that the power does not
exist.

Ordinarily, it is understood that im-
provements common to the cemetery as a
wl;ole will be made out of the general rev-
enues of the association, and that the pro-
ceeds of lot sales will be sufficient for this
purpose. The individual lot holder im-
pliedly agrees to keep his lot in such con-
dition that it will not mar the appearance
of the grounds, and usually adequate au-
thority will be found for assessing him for
the cost of keeping it in decent condition,
especially where he neglects opportunity to
do the work himself. But I understand it
to be the law that he assumes no liability
on account of maintenance of roads, paths,
etc., used for common Ijenefit, except as
the rules and contract under which he ac-
quired the lot were Ijroad enough to confer
on the association power to levy an assess-
ment.

In cases, where the right to assess ex-
ists, it would seem that on non-payment of
assessments the right to make further in-
terments might be suspended. But both
the right to assess and to prevent further
interments ought to be expressly reserved
at the time of lot sales.

Son’s Right to Disinter Father’ s
Body

“Legal Editor, Park and Cemetery : A.
liought a lot in a certain city cemetery in
Massachusetts back in ISfiB and buried
his wife and three children in the lot.”
writes a subscriber of Park and Cem-
etery. “About 11)04, he deeded the lot to
his son. Again he married and without
consent of the son buried his last wife,
father and mother in the lot, both in one
grave. Now the son comes forward and
directs the cemetery committee to remove
the tw'o bodies that are in one grave to
some other place outside the lot. Has the
cemetery committee a right to remove the
bodies without permission from the wife
now living? At the time of burial of the
above the order was given by ’phone in

both cases and the superintendent knew
nothing of the transfer of the lot from
father to the son." — L. R., Mass.

The cemetery association, having been
without notice of the transfer of the lot to
the son, is under no obligation to remove
the bodies. This is so whether the ceme-
tery regulations required such transfers of
lots to be recorded by or .consented to
by the association : but, of course, the as-
sociation's position is greatly strength-
ened should it appear that there was some
such rule and no compliance with it. The
validity of regulations of this kind has
been upheld by the courts.

The law looks wdth much disfavor upon
disinterments, both because of the danger
to the public health and because of natural
revulsion against disturbing the repose of
the dead. Hence, the committee in this
case should not participate in the disinter-
ment except upon proper disinterment per-
mit and with the consent of the close
relatives of the decedents wdiose bodies it
js proposed to remove The son’s rights
to have excluded the burials in the first
instance, if any actually c:'cisted, will be
deemed to have been waived if he has
failed to object to the interments, know'-
ing that they were to be made, or has de-
layed in protesting after hearing of the
burials.

Pennsylvania Cemetery Laws

Editor Legal Department : Will you
kindly inform me if there is any law reg-
ulating corporations or individuals operat-
ing cemeteries in the state of Pennsylvania,
and, if so, wdiat might this law be? — Cem.
Co., Mo.

Since a summary of the laws of Pennsyl-
vania should prove of general interest, we
have abstracted the most important of
them as follows, commencing with the
latest statutes :

.-VEOI.ISHMENT OF CEMETERIES

Laws 191.3, pp. 551-5.5-5, provide that
“whenever any incorporated or unincorpo-
rated church, cemetery, or burial associa-
tion own burial grounds in any

city, township, or borough * * and

l)y reason of the growth thereof, as well
as for sanitary purposes, it is deemed
necessary or desiralile * * * to change

the location thereof ; or if, by reason of
the opening of streets, roads or public
passages around or through the same, a
portion of the property has become angular
and partly surrounded by improvements;
or if, by reason of the proximity of ad-
jacent property, the interment of the dead
ma3q in the interest of public health, be
prohibited in any part or parts of the
ground * * * ; or, from other causes,

any such burial ground * * * has ceased
to be used for interments, and has become

so neglected as to become a public nuisance

* * * — it shall be lawful * * * to

purchase new or more suitable grounds in
the vicinity * * *, of such e.xtent and

area as they shall deem expedient ; or to
purchase lots or sections in other properly
regulated burial ground or cemetery * * *
and provide for the reinterment of liodies
that may he buried.”

The law empowers the managing au-
thorities of a cemetery to contract with
known lot owners for removals on such
terms as may be agreed upon. If the own-
ers cannot be located, the removals are to
he made by and at the expense of the cem-
etery. On removals the old lots revert to
the cemetery association. In the case of.
vacant lots in the old burial grounds, the
owners are to be either assigned new lots
or paid amounts equal to the value of the
old ones. If the owners are not known,
and the association does not set apart new
lots for them, the value of the old ones
must be held in trust for such owners.

On vacation of the old grounds, the as-
sociation may sell them in fee simple, the
same as ordinary lands are sold.

The law provides in detail how the
powers given, as just summarized, shall be
exercised. Petition must be made to the
county court of quarter sessions for per-
mission to make the desired removal and
to vacate the old grounds. The court de-
termines whether the petition shall be
granted or not, and controls the sale of the
old grounds.

The proceeds of such sale are to be ap-
plied (1) to the cost of purchasing the new
grounds and removing the bodies and
monuments, etc.; (2) to the compensation
of owners of vacant lots in the old cem-
etery, and (3) to maintain the trust fund
for those lot owners who cannot be found,
“and for such other uses * * * as said

* * * association may order.”

CEMETERY RECORDS

Laws 1913, pp. 564, 565, provide “that
every burial ground or cemetery company
or association, in the cities of the first
class, shall keep a complete list of the
names of every person buried in such
burial ground or cemetery, arranged alpha-
betically : with the date of burial, the ex-
act location of the grave, and the number
and owner of the lot.” This record must
be kept by means of card index or other
system that will afford ready reference,
and must be kept open to inspection by
“all persons having an interest therein.”
Failure to keep the record is punishable by
a fine of not more than $100.

INVASION OF GRAVES

Laws 1911, p. 176, makes it a felony
punishable by a fine of not more than $1,-
000, or not more than ten years’ imprison-
ment, or both, to wilfully or maliciously

PARK AND CEM ETER V.

47

open any tomb, vault, grave or mausoleum,
and to clandestinely remove a body.

CARING FOR NEGLECTED BURIAL
GROUNDS

Laws 1911, p. nil, provides “that the
overseers of the poor of any township of
the second class * * * which con-

stitutes a separate poor district, are hereby
authorized and empowered, on the petition
of ten per centum of all the taxable in-
habitants within such township, to fence,
to keep in repair, and to clear of all weeds,
briers, and all other growth not used for
ornam.ental purposes, any abandoned or
neglected cemetery or burial ground, which

* * * shall have been abandoned and ne-
glected for a period of five years * * *

and that is open for interment to the gen-
eral public without charge or fee, and
when such cemetery or burial ground is not
maintained for profit or gain. * * *

Provided, That this act shall not apply to
any cemetery or burial ground controlled
or under the supervision of any denomina-
tional church or sectarian religious so-
ciety.”

Laws 1909, pp. 294, relating to the vaca-
tion of cemeteries, would seem to have
been repealed by the 1913 law abstracted
at the beginning of this article, and, there-
fore, to be inoperative now.

PERPETUAL CARE PROVISIONS

Laws 1909, p. 41, forbids issuance of
charters to “any burial or cemetery com-
pany, * * * unless * * * [the charter]

* * * shall set forth a provision, clearly

and fully, that a sum equal tc at least one-
tenth of the gross amount of the funds
arising from the sale of lots * * * shall

be set apart for the perpetual care and
preservation of the grounds, and the re-
pair and renewal of the buildings and
property of said burial or cemetery com-
pany ; which fund, so set apart by the di-
rectors or managers * * shall be in-
vested by them * « * income

* * * shall be applied by them to the

purposes aforesaid. The directors or man-
agers, in one year after the incorporation
of any cemetery or burial ground, and an-
nually thereafter, file with the clerk of the
courts of the county * * * ^ bond with

sufficient sureties, to be approved by the
court of quarter sessions, foi' the faithful
performance of the trust herein imposed,
for perpetual care and preservation of
grounds and property ; such bond to be in
the full amount of the trust investment at
the time said bond is approved.”
TRANSFER OF BOROUGH CEMETERIES

Laws 1909, p. 155 : “When the title, con-
trol and management of any burial ground

* * * is vested * * * in a borough, it

shall be lawful for the council of such
borough, on petition of ten lot owners in
said burial ground, to transfer said burial
ground, and the control and management
thereof, to an incorporated cemetery com-
pany.” On acceptance of the ordinance by
the company, the title, management and
control shall thereupon vest in the com-
pany.

UNLAWFUL INTERMENTS AND RE-
MOVALS

Laws 1905, p. 341 : “If any undertaker,
sexton, or other person acting as under-
taker, shall inter, remove, or otherwise dis-
pose of, the body of any deceased person,
without having a burial or removal per-
mit * * * he shall be deemed guilty of

a misdemeanor.” Fine, not less than $25
nor more than $100.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

The following references are to volume 1,
Pepper & Lewis’s Digest of Pennsylvania
laws, covering the years 1700-1907.

Column 903 : Cemetery companies not
organized for profit are empowered to re-
ceive bequests or donations of property to
be held in trust for the embellishment of
the cemetery or for repair of monuments,
fences, planting of flowers, or other im-
provements.

The law at columns 903-900 relates to va-
cation of cemeteries, and is probably ren-
dered wholly inoperative by the later laws
above mentioned.

Col. 907 : Lots in cemeteries, owned by
companies not organized for profit, may be
transferred upon the corporation's books,
“and such transfer shall be as good and
valid in law as if the deeds were duly
acknowledged and recorded in the office
for recording deeds.”

Col. 907 ; "No disposition of property
hereafter made for the maintenance or
care of any cemetery * * * or grave

therein, or monuments or other erections
on or about the same, shall fail by reason
of * * * having been made in per-

petuity.”

Col. 908 : Authorizes cemetery companies
generally to accept gifts, bequests, etc., in
trust for repair, preservation and embel-
lishment of graves.

Col. 908 : Lots held or used for per-
petual burial purposes are exempt from
taxation.

Col. 909 : Bequests and devises in trust
for the care and preservation of burial
lots are exempted from payment of col-
lateral inheritance tax.

Col. 909: Makes it an offense to injure
or destroy cemetery property. Penalty, im-
prisonment for not more than one year, or
fine of not more than $100, or both.

Col. 909 : Another law prescribing same
penalty for malicious injury to flowers,
trees, etc., in cemeteries.

Col. 910 : Cemetery superintendents,
watchmen, gardeners and other employes
stationed on grounds may acquire all pow-
ers of police officers within and adjacent
to the cemetery grounds, by taking a con-
stable’s oath before a mayor or justice of
the peace in the township where the cem-
etery is situated.

Col. 9HI : Statute forbids opening of alle\
or highway through cemeteries, except in
Philadelphia.

Col. 911: Forbids establishment of burial
grounds where drainage therefrom passes
into a stream furnishing water supply for
a city, within one mile of such city.

Title to Burial Ground in
Massachusetts

In a suit recently reviewed by the Mas-
sachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (Trefry
vs. Younger, 114 Northeastern Reporter,
1033), that tribunal decided the following-
points of law :

Where an owner of a tract of land laid
out a burial lot on it for the use of his
family, and sold numerous lots to other
persons, in which interments were made
and on which monuments were constructed,
there was an implied dedication of the
land to public use as a luirial ground, es-
pecially where the owner executed a deed
to the tract afterwards, containing the
clause, “subject to the rights of owners of
lots to whom conveyances have been made
for burial purposes.”

Land comprising a cemetery could be
lawfully sold or mortgaged, subject to the
rights of lot owners.

A deed to land described as being “lo-
cally kno-wn as Harbor View Cemetery”
placed the purchaser on inquiry as to the
existence of rights of lot holders.

When land embracing burial lots is sold
at judicial sale, the purchaser takes no
greater rights against the lot holders than
the former owner had, regardless of
w'hether the deeds to the lots were re-
corded or not.

The owner of lots in a cemetery is en-
titled to reasonable access thereto, as
against the owner of any unsold portions
of the entire tract, and may remove ma-
terial therefrom, if reasonaljly necessar_v
and proper for that purpose.

Speaking in general terms of the right
of lot owners, the court says :

“The rights of owners in burial lots in
cemeteries are well established: these
rights ordinarily are in the nature of an
easement ; they do not convey an absolute
right of property, but give the right of
burial so long as the place continues to be
used as a burial ground. It is a limited
use for purposes of interment which gives
no title to the land. A grant of a lot in a
cemetery is said to be analogous to a grant
of a pew in a church. Sohier vs. Trinity
Church, 109 Mass. 1 ; Feeley vs. Andrews,
191 Mass. 313, 77 N. F. 7(1(1; Massachu-
setts Baptist Missionar}^ Soc. vs. Bowdoin
Sq. Baptist Soc., 212 Mass. 198, 98 N. E.
1045, Ann. Cas. 1913C, 472: Garden Cem-
etery Corp. vs. Baker, 218 Mass. 339, 105
N. E. 1070, Ann. Cas. 191(!B, 75. A cer-
tificate or deed to purchasers of lots in a
cemetery conveys the privilege to make
interments in the lots; it is not a grant of
any interest in the soil, but is in the nature
of an easement or irrevocable license so
long as the place continues as a burying
ground. Page vs. Symonds, 03 N. H, 17,
50 Am. Rep. 481 : Windt vs. German Re-
formed Church, 4 Sandf. Ch. (N. Y.) 471 :
Dwenger vs. Geary, 113 Ind. 106, 14 N. E.
903; Kincaid’s Appeal, 66 Pa. 411, 5 Am.
Rep. 377 ; Catholic Cathedral vs. Manning,
72 Md. 116, 19 Atl. 599.”

48

PARK AND CEMETERY.

ASKED AND ANSWERED

An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department.

Plan For Improving Cemetery Lot

Editor Asked and Answered ; In your
November issue you printed an interest-
ing article on “Planting to Set Off Monu-
ments,” together with cuts and an article
by Sid J. Hare.

The writer is very much interested in
planting for his own lot the coming spring.
Kindly state proper name or names of the
vine or plant that is shown covering the
graves in cuts 33 and 35 ; where and how
to buy it ; amount required for each adult
grave ; proper preparation of the ground ;
whether or not it will stand the winter. My
lot is full of ground moles and they work
under the sod and keep it torn up. How
can they be gotten rid off? How can the
ground be prepared to raise a good set of
grass? How and when should this be done
and what kind of seed would be best? I
expect to erect on my lot an exedra style
monument about eight to ten feet long and
about three feet wide at base and not over
six feet high. The lot is twenty feet square
and the monument will sit on upper edge
of lot (lot is on slight hill), facing down
hill over entire lot. What kind of plants
or shrubs would be best suited for planting
at either end of base? Give proper names
and where they can be obtained. Of course,
these should be something that will stand
the winter weather here in southwestern
Pennsylvania. — M. M. G., Pa.

The exedra style of monument is gain-
ing in favor, especially when it is properly
placed in the cemetery with room on the
lot to allow for planting back of it, and
having an open view of it from the adja-
cent road.

In selecting a cemetery lot it is much to
the advantage of the purchaser to consider
the relation of his lot to the road near by,
also the possible background his monument
will have when it is erected. Sometimes it
is possible to secure a lot with a back-
ground planting already in place ; a plant-
ing that was provided for in the plans pre-
pared by the landscape architect who ar-
ranged the roads, platted lots and desig-
nated plantings.

Your inquirer, however, asks informa-
tion about planting at ends of such a
monument which he proposes to place at
the edge of the lot.

First of all. I would not place a monu-
ment at the exact edge or lot line unless
the space back was parked space.

With a lot 20x20 and an exedra monu-
ment of the size mentioned, the entire
half a lot should be set aside for the monu-
ment and planting this would allow space
for five graves on the other half.

If the exedra is placed on the center of
the half lot, allowing five feet from the lot
line to the end and at least three feet from
the rear line of lot to the center portion of

the exedra, this will give a better planting
space, as shown in illustration.

The preparation of the soil would be to
some extent a matter of local conditions.
Any reasonably good soil will suffice for
shrubs, trees and vines, but a little care in
preparation will be well repaid.

The areas to be planted should be spaded

?i.AN Of la X ZO' L°t •

to a depth of 16 to 18 inches and any heavy
clay removed. In case of rock, it should be
removed to a depth of three feet. The
space resulting from the removal of rock
or poor soil should be refilled with good
soil, preferably a mixture of a considerable
portion of friable clay and enough loam or
well-rotted compost to lighten the clay.
The grub worm does not like a clay soil
and the mole consequently does not hunt
him there.

The graves could be planted with Peri-

The annual report of the Forest Com-
missioner of Newton, Mass., for gives
an account of the work carried on during
the year and interesting data on the elim-
ination of the white pine blister rust,
Chester fungus and other tree pests, such
as the elm beetle and leopard and gypsy
moths. The spraying work in the spring
was greatly hindered by the poor weather
conditions, there being either rain or high
wind practically every day during the
spraying season. The effect of this was
the loss of a great deal of time and a
minimum of the work done. Some ot
these places were done over, but a great
majority of them had to stand as they
were with the result that many places which
under ordinary conditions would have been
free from egg clusters this fall are now
quite badly infested.

For this purpose $17,489.52 was spent. A

winkle (Vinca minor), which is evergreen,
or English ivy (Hedera helix). The latter
would probably have to be protected in win-
ter. These two plants probably make the
neatest ground covers.

In planting it is better taste to use masses
of plants rather than a mixture of various
kinds in a small group.

The following planting suggestions are
offered :

First: (A A) could be Althaea (Hibis-
cus syriacus) for summer blossoms, with
Van Houtte’s spiraea (Spiraea Van Hout-
tei) for spring flowers.

Second: (A A) could be Tamarix (Tam-
arix gallica) summer blooming, with Hy-
drangea (Hydrangea paniculata grandi-
flora) between, for fall blosoms, and at the
ends of the monument Deutzia (Deutzia
gracilis) .

Third: (A A) could be Purple Barberry
(Berberls purpurea) for color of foliage in
spring and summer and berries in winter,
with the Lemoines Deutzia (Deutzia Le-
moine) between and Paeonias at the ends,
alternated with Lespedeza penduliflorum.
Paeonias for spring flowers and Lespedeza
for fall.

Fourth: (A A) could be Pyramidal Ar-
borvitae, either American (Thuja occi-
dentalis pyramidalis) or Oriental (Thuja
orientalis), with Mountain Laurel (Kalmia
latifolia) between and Azalaea at the ends
would make an evergreen group.

There are so many good varieties of
hardy shrubs and small evergreens that this
list might be extended indefinitely.

These groups are suggested with the idea
that they are not to be planted under trees.

For varieties of seed for lawn, ask your
local seed man. Hare & Hare,

Landscape Architects.

Kansas City, Mo.

total of 635 trees were planted during the
year. The inventory of the nursery stock
shows a total of all trees of 13,438, valued
at $3,264.44. The parks were maintained
in good condition. For a number of years
Newton has owmed 685 acres of land
around its water supply area. Until 1915
nothing had ever been done to safeguard
and preserve the growth there and con-
sequently a large part of it had annually
been burned over and large areas of
growth entirely destroyed. What the fire
left had been badly infested with gypsy
and browntail moths which have from year
to year stripped practically the whole area.
This repeated stripping has resulted in the
death of nearly fifty per cent of the trees
on certain tracts of land. To beautify this
spot $1,000 was asked for last year and
refused by the board. The same request
w'as again made for 1916 and, after con-

PARK NEWS.

if

%

PARK AND C EM ETER

49

siderable educational work conducted
through the aid of the members of the
Newton Branch of the Massachusetts For-
estry Association, the appropriation was
obtained. In the spring a start was made
and thirty thousand red pine and twenty-
five thousand white pine transplants were
planted on the areas designated in the
working plan. The planting was done by
contract, the plants being furnished and
planted by the Franklin Forestry Co. at
a cost of $800. The balance of the $1,000
was spent in constructing lire lines and
lire patrol and no fires of a serious nature
were reported during the season. This
year is the first time for six or eight years
that there has not been at least one lire
of a more or less serious nature on tliis
area.

The State Park Commission of Con-
necticut was created by act of the General
Assembly approved June 7, 1918, following
the recommendations of a special commis-
sion raised by the General Assembly at its
session in 1911. Its first report was based
upon its study for a year and a half ol
the problems before it, and attempted to
present for consideration of the General
Assembly a comprehensive picture of the
physical situation and a tentative plan for
the establishment by the State of perma-
nent public reservations. In the succeed-
ing two years, the Commission has en-
deavored, with the resources at its com-
mand, to develop into tangible shape the
plans which were then tentatively outlined.
W'hile appropriations from the State Treas-
ury have enabled it to accomplish com-
paratively little in the actual - acquisition
of park areas, it has gained much in ex-
perience from handling the practical ques-
tions involved. It is now confident that its
experience and its formulated policy war-
rant the State in entrusting to it the power
and resources which the development of
a comprehensive system of State reserva-
tions requires. The report of the Com-
mission's Field Secretary for the two fiscal
years ended September 30, 191G, fairly pre-
sents the policy of the Commission and
])resents in detail what the Commission
has done and, in so far as seems consist-
ent with the public interest, what acijuisi-
tions are in contemplation, should the Gen-
eral .Assembly act favorably upon the Com-
mission’s recommendations. The first pur-
chase of land under the Act of 1913 was
in the Town of Westport, and secured to
the State of Connecticut about five acres
of salt meadow and beach sand at the
easterly end of the tract known as Sher-
wood Island, which is here separated from
the mainland only by a small tidal creek.
In addition to this four other purchases
have been made, all of the same character,
that is, without any upland, but securing
frontage on the Sound. The total front-
age of the state's present holdings is about
eighteen hundred feet, and the acreage as
shown by the deeds about fourteen and
three-quarters. These purchases are not
all contiguous, and all ef¥orts to obtain the

intervening holdings have so far been un-
successful. About eight miles below Mid-
dletown and two miles below Middle Had-
dam, in the Town of East Hampton (for-
merly Chatham), six purchases of land

The illustration on the cover of this
issue shows an impressive expanse of fine
iron fence that bounds the famous Reger
Williams Park at Providence, R. I. This
is an especially simple, massive, dignified
design of fence that is admirably suited to
the character of either park or cemetery.

This contract which was executed by
the Stewart Iron Works Company, of Cin-
cinnati, included approximately 1,700 feet
of iron fence of unusually strong and
thorough construction. The pickets are

The sixty-third Annual Meeting of the
Newton Cemetery Corporation of Newton,
Mass., w'as held February 7, 1917. The
report of the treasurer showed a gain in
the permanent funds over the previous
year with balances on January 1, 1917. as
follows: Perpetual Care Fund, $213,281.01;
Farlow' Memorial Fund, $10,000; Coupon
Notes Sinking Fund, $2,411.04; Perpetual
Renewal Fund for monumental work,
$1,990.75; total, $227,089.40. Interments
during the year w'ere 219, making total
number to December 31, 1910, 8,820.

Sale of lots for the year amounted to
$13,835, and amount received for perpetual
care ’was $9,409.75 of which $3,330.75 wa.s
on lots already ovvned. In addition to the
Perpetual Care F'und which has been pro-
^■ided for some years, a new fund has been
established called the “Perpetual Renewal
Fund," to care for monumental work.

The annual report of the Board of Cem- '
ctery Commissioners of Bedford, Mass.,
for the year ending December 3, 1910, gives
an account of the w'ork accomplished dur-
ing that year, and other interesting sta-
tistical data. The limited apportionment
of funds to this department for the last
two years has made it necessary for the
executive head to follow along the most
economical lines that the necessary work
and best results possible might be accom-

have been made, covering 455 acres, with
about 0,1)00 feet of frontage on the Con-
necticut River. The tracts are not all con-
tiguous, but no serious obstacles to further
acquisitions are apparent.

%-inch square, and are set diagonally,
spaced 0 inches on centers, and carefully
tenoned in the lower rail, which is 4 inches
by 3 inches by inch angle. The top rail
is 3 inches by V2 inch, and is solid. The
line posts are 3 inches by IVs inches and
extend 4 feet in the ground. The knees
for these line posts are 3 inches by 3
inches by 14 inch angle, bolted to the
posts with '3V2 inch by V2 inch bolts and
the panels are bolted to the knees with
114 inch by V2 inch bolts. The height
when set is 00 inches.

plished. The foundation wall with new
coping of concrete along the south boun-
dary of Rural Cemetery, on line of Mat-
thew Street has been completed, and is now'
ready for the five foot iron fence enclosure
construction. The main drives in this cem-
etery were macadamized and Tarvia cov-
ered and are now’ in splendid condition.
Oak Grove Cemetery received its usual
good care. Many people found great pleas-
ure in visiting these grounds during the
summer season. The park section, with its
artificial ponds and attractire plant set-
ting, flower beds and shrubber}-, lending a
quiet and peaceful influence to one visit-
ing there; 200 feet of 0-inch drain were
laid in this cemetery. By reason of its
limited appropriation, the Board has had
to withhold further development of Pine
Grove Cemetery, By a conservative use
of its funds at hand, it has accomplished
the installation of 1,050 feet of w'ater pipe,
connecting the older section of this ceme-
tery with the main water supply, thus per-
mitting the abandonment of the old water
tank. The boundary w'all or enclosure has
been continued along the property line to
the west to the interception of contem-
plated Bowditch Street. Early in the sea-
son the Board set aside the north half of
Section 12 for the exclusive use of the
Veterans of the Spanish American War,

New Stone Vault Company

The Independent Stone Co,, First Na-
tional Bank Bldg., Coluir.bus, O., has re-
cently been incorporated to market burial
vaults under the trade name of "Royal
Blue Stone.” C, W. Jackson is President
of the company, Franklin O. Reed, Vice-
President, and Robinson Farmer, Secre-
tary-Treasurer. Mr. Jackson has had
twenty-five years’ experience in the quarry
and mill business, including a number of
years as a salesman. Mr. Reed has for

nine years past represented the Southern
Ohio Vault Co., and its successor. The Mc-
Dermott Stone Co.

Mr. Robinson Farmer for several years
has had charge of the office and sales de-
partment of The McDermott Stone Co.,
and is personally known to many in the
vault trade. He will have charge of the
office and sales department of the new In-
dependent Stone Co.

CmETERY NOTES

The Cover Illustration

50

PARK AND C E M ET E R

their wives, widows and children, and peti-
tioned for an appropriation of $2,000 for its
development, but no action w'as taken
by the City Council on this petition. The
perpetual care fund increased $13,149.59
during 191G, making the total amount
$205,406.21. In addition to the above there
are 1,316 lots in annual care.

The Directors of Lakewood Cemeterj',
Lake City, Minn., have elected H. A.
Young, president and N. C. Pike, secretary.
Following is the recapitulation of the an-
nual report: Receipts: Cash on hand Feb-
ruary 1, 1916, $911.86; burials, $225; inter-
est, $841.36; special care, $200; sale of lots,
$780.50; total, $3,311.41. Paid: Sexton's
labor, $537.63 ; sexton’s assistants, $553.45 :
repairs and supplies, $127.72 ; new invest-
ments, $1,150 ; cash on hand February 1,
1917, $668.76: total, $3,311.41. Assets Feb-
ruary 1, 1917: General fund, $3,912.22;
Perpetual and special care fund, $16,822.79.
Total, $20,735.01. Assets last ^ear, $20,-
007,61. Year's gain, $727.40

The Forty-ninth Annual Report of the
Trustees of Forest Hills Cemetery, Bos-
ton, Mass., has been submitted. The
Cemetery was maintained in excellent con-
dition throughout the season, although
considerable difficulty was experienced in
securing efficient men to do the work. The
trees are in good condition, recpiiring less
work than usual on gypsy and browmtail
moths and other insect pests. The w'ork
at Milton Hill was continued during the
winter months. A considerable area has
been trenched and a large amount of ledge
removed. .^n additional portion of Sec-
tion No. 24 has been graded and seeded
and will be laid out to graves. Perhaps
the most important work of the year was
the building of twelve hundred and forty
square yards of Hackmatack Avenue, in
Section No. 24, and the rebuilding of more
than fifty-eight hundred square yards of
avenues in that vicinity. It is hoped to con-
tinue this work year by year until all the
avenues in the Cemetery have been prop-
erly rebuilt. Eighty-four new lots were
sold during the year, and twenty-four old
lots were placed under Perpetual Care.
Thirty-three lots were deeded to the Trus-
tees in Trust. The increase in the Per-
petual Care Fund is $48,746.43, bringing the
fund to $1,274,225.82. To the Permanent
Fund was added the srm of $11,599.46,
making a total of $182,245.64.

Following are some statistical statements
taken from the annual report of the Wood-
lawn Cemetery, Everett, Mass., for the
year ending December 31, 1916; Receipts:
Cash, January 1, 1916, $12,023.36; sales of
lots and single graves, $22,417.37 ; care of
lots, foundations, interments, etc., $29,-
875.09. Repair Fund: $17,127.90. Mainte-
nance Fund, $2,210.24. Chapel Insurance
Fund, income, $81.44; Insurance Fund for
memorial stones and monuments, income,
$34.62. Total receipts, $83,767.02. Dis-
bursements : Annuitant, $6,000 ; salaries,
telephones, insurance and rents, labor, sup-

plies, etc., $42,958.18. Repair Fund: Care
of lots, $12,521.40. Maintenance fund,
$3,517.65; cash, December 31, 1916, $18,-
003.73. Total disbursements, $83,767.02.
Repair Fund; amount January 1, 1916,
$308,356.55 ; sales of lots, 1916, from old
lots and single graves, $8,197.25. Total,
$316,553.80. Maintenance Fund : amount
December 31, 1916, $22,557.41. There were
993 interments made during the year.

The trustees of Mount Royal Cemetery
Co., Alontreal, have issued their Sixty-
sixth Annual Report which contains the
Financial Statement for the year ending
December 31, 1916, with the General Su-
perintendent's Report and Statistical state-
ment. A strip of land the whole width
of Hawthorn Dale Cemetery was sold to
the town of Laval de Montreal, for the
widening of Notre Dame Street East, and
for which the Company received $4,292.40
claim of $699.25 has been allowed the
City of Montreal for taxes which the City-
collected from the Company for over 20
years, for sidewalks, sewers and other im-
provements. The total number of burials
in both cemeteries was 2,221, 1,486 inter-
ments in Mount Royal, and 735 in Haw-
thorn Dale. The business of planting lots
and graves in Mount Royal Cemetery hav-
ing increased in the last few years, so that
their greenhouse and frame-yard accommo-
dation became inadequate, it was decided
that in future the business of tender bed-
ding be curtailed, by furnishing and plant-
ing foliage bedding plants only, such as al-
ternanthera, etc., and leaving to outside
florists the supplying and planting of flow-
ering bedding plants, such as geraniums,
etc.' It was also decided to prohibit the
planting of borders of bedding plants
around lots in future, as they entail a
great deal of extra labor in cutting grass.
Considerable repairs to greenhouse anil
other roofs were made during the year,
and the masonry in the buildings at Haw-
thorn Dale was pointed. .'An experiment
of a concave roadway with dram in the
center was built on a very steep part of
Forest Drive, in Mount Royal, which it is
hoped will help to solve difficulties in the
old grounds where the upkeep of roads is
one of the biggest problems. The custom
of interring right through the winter has
been greatly on the increase in Mount
Royal during the past few years. A
scheme suggested and put into practice by
-Assistant Superintendent J. R. Roy, of
shoring the sides of graves as they are
quarried, has been found a practical and
, labor-saving device in single grave sec-
tions. Following is a statement of operat-
ing account of both cemeteries for the year
ending December 31, 1916: Revenue:

Mount Royal : Profit from sale of land,
$14,456.32 ; burial, vault fees, etc., $13,-
596; grass cutting and care, $1,255.75;
foundations, posts, etc., $2,534.10; planting
and greenhouse revenue, $8,847.62 ; per-
petual care, revenue from investment, $2,-
940.49 : total. Mount Royal, $45,446.63.

Hawthorn Dale : profit from sale of burial
land, $784.43 ; profit from sale of commer-
cial land, $3,548.38 ; burial and vault fees,
$1,790.25; total of both, $51,609.19. Expen-
diture : Mount Royal : Interment costs,

sodding and cleaning lots and grass cut-
ting and care, $17,369.21 ; foundations,
posts, etc., $1,646.01 ; planting and green-
house, $5,150.21 ; overhead expense, includ-
ing repairs to buildings, roads, horse keep
and wages, $26,868.96; total. Mount Royal,
$51,034.39. Hawthorn Dale: Interment
costs and overhead expenses, $7,253.94 ;
general overhead expenses, $7,808.70; total
of lioth, $66,097.03. Loss on operations
during year, $14,487.84.

Failure of the Catholic .-Archdiocese of
St. Paul, Minn., to file a plat of Calvary
cemetery with the register of deeds has
made it liable for a $4,000 assessment. Ac-
cording to a decision of District Judge H.

R. Brill recently the assessment was levied
by the city for the Front Street sewer, pass-
ing the cemetery. Cemeteries are ordi-
narily exempt from taxation, but Judge
Brill found the plat required by law for
exemption had not been filed. The case
probably will be appealed to the supreme
court.

New Cemeteries and
Improvements

The cemetery board of Carlinville, 111.,
and the city council are considering the
proposition of purchasing a new cemetery
site. All the lots in the old cemetery
have been taken.

Glenwood Cemetery Society of Groes-
heck, Texas, was recently incorporated by
J. C. Sanders, R. M. Usry, Melvin Sharp
and others.

The ladies of St. John, "Wash., and vicin-
ity have organized the Pleasant Valley
Cemetery Improvement association with
the following officers : President, Miss
Grace Inman: Secretary, Mrs. Kate Hill;
Treasurer, Miss Vera Dell. The associa-
tion figures on spending approximately
$1,590 annually in improvements.

Horeb Cemetery, Rock Creek township.
Wells county, Ind., was recently incorpo-
rated by Samuel Hafiich, George Alshouse
and W. A. Haflich.

The congregation of the Temple of
■Aaron, Grotto Street and Ashland Avenue,
St. Paul, Minn., has purchased five acres
of. ground to be used as a cemetery. The
cemetery will be located just north of For- '
est cemetery on the Edgerton road. Work
o-f beautifying the ground will be begun
at once.

Articles of incorporation of the Middle-
town Cemetery Company, of Louisville,
Ky., without capital stock, and with au-
thority to incur an indebtedness not to e.x-
ceed $5,000, were filed recently. The cor-
poration is not to be conducted for private
gain and any money or property obtained
by gift or devise is to be held as a sacred
fund. The incorporators are S. O. and C.
L. Witherbee and John S. Urton.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

51

Main Drive, Forest Lawn Cemetery, Omaha, Neb.
Constructed with ‘‘Tariia-X ,” 1908.

Eight Years of larvia

The right-hand roadway in the above
photograph is the main drive in Forest
Lawn Cemetery. Here is the history:

1008 It was constructed with “Tarvia-X”
as a binder. The “Tarvia-X,” which is very
dense, viscid and tough, filled the voids in
the broken stone of the wearing-course of the
road, and formed a tough, durable matrix.
In this matrix the
stones could not shift
or abrade under heavy
loads. Frost was ex-
cluded and the dura-
bility of the surface
was greatly increased.

1 9 09. No mainte-
nance cost.

19 10. No mainte-
nance cost.

1911. No maintenance cost.

1912. The road was given a light coating of
“Tarvia-B” applied cold from a modified
sprinkling-cart at slight expense.

1913. No maintenance cost.

1914. No maintenance cost.

1915. A coat of “Tarvia-A” was applied hot
with a new facing of granite chips.

1916. The photograph shows the condition
of the road in this year.

On August 31, 1916, Mr. Craig wrote: “It
has been eight years this summer since we
started to use Tarvia, and the results we
have obtained have
been very satisfactory.
The maintenance cost
has been a very small
item when 3^ou take
into consideration the
amount of paving we
have, approximately
40,000 square yards,
the same not needing
any repairs until about
three years ago. We
think this is a very
good record. We wish to say further that
our avenues are in very good condition
toda\% and with a little top-dressing once in
a while, they should last for years.”

Tarv'a roads are clean, durable, cheap and
beautiful. They cost less in the long run
than plain macadam.

Preserves Roads
^ Prevents Dust

Booklet on request. Address our nearest office.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained engi-
neers and chemists who have given j'ears
of study to modern road problems.

The advice of these men may be had for

the asking by anyone interested.

If you will write to the nearest office regard-
ing road problems and conditions in your vi-
cinity, the matter will have prompt attention

Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

Vancouver St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney, N. S.

The

I

1

I

I

I

I

PAR K AX D C EM ETER Y.

B. C. Wallace and a number of Stock-
ton, Cal., associates have purchased 30
acres of the old Reynolds place, seven
miles south of Stockton on the French
Camp-Atlanta road, and announce that they
will spend $75,000 in establishing a new
cemetery, crernatory and community mau-
soleum. The company will invest $45,000
in the mausoleum and $15,000 in a chapel,
crematory and columbarium. It will be a
perpetual care cemetery. W. B. Thomas
is the architect. All of the buildings will
be the Spanish A'lission style.

Rose-Heath Cemetery Corporation, Wil-
mington, was incorporated recently with a

DISTINCTIVE ONE-FIECE MEMORIAL.

capital of $300,000 to maintain cemeteries.

The Cemetery Beautiful, Inc., Manhat-
tan, N. Y., realty, cemetery lots, etc., were
incorporated recently with a capital of
$400,000. The incorporators are T. F.
McGuire, I. Auerl)ach, 10 Wall street. New'
York City ; M. Klein, 792 Putnam Avenue,
Brooklyn.

The deed to approximately lOO acres in
Perry Township, Ind., formerly owned b}’
Stoughton A. Fletcher, which is to be used
for the new Holy Cross Cemetery, was re-
corded recently at the courthouse. The
ground is held in the name of Bishop Fran-
cis S. Chatard. The consideration is given
as $71,155.80. The transaction was made
about a year ago.

The City Commission of Salt Lake City,
Utah, has increased the appropriation for
the City Cemetery $850 over the amount
asked, the total allowance Ijeing $39,775.

Cemetery Officers Elected

W. H. Hosford has been elected presi-
dent and Arthur Cook secretary-treasurer
of the Ooakwoods Cemeterv Association,
Geneseo, 111.

At a meeting of the Oakland Cemetery
association. Little Falls, Minn., Dr. L. M.
Roberts w'as elected president and Carl
Bolander secretary.

E. W. Drury has been elected president
and L. M. Cutting, secretary of the Rural
Cemetery, Stockton, Cal.

The Marengo Cemetery Association, Ma-
rengo, la., has elected Mrs. W. J. Sayers
president and Mrs. Frankie Brickers secre-
tary.

At the annual meeting of the Bass Lake
Cemetery Association, Winnebago, Minn.,
the following officers were elected for tho
ensuing year: Hugh McKay president, a. id
Albert Allen Secretary.

The Winnebago Cemetery Association of
Winnebago, Ilk, has elected C. P. Coolidge,
president and Mrs. Nettie Drake, secretary
and treasurer.

Mrs. S. Pawson has been elected presi-
dent and Mrs. Emily Cobean secretary of
the Ladies Cemetery Association of Dela-
van. Ilk

M. Merica was re-elected president and
Henry Oye, secretary-treasurer of the Tus-
cola Cemetery Association of Tuscola, 111.

The Cemetery Association of Osceola,
Mo., has elected Miss Iowa Seevers presi-
dent, and Mrs. R. F. Fuqua, secretary.

The board of trustees of St. John's
Cemetery, St. John's, Mich., have elected
O. P. Dewitt president and C. A. Putt
secretary. The financial statement for the
year show'ed the association has a balance
on hand of more than $17,000.

The Lincoln YIemorial illustrated, stands
on a hill which is the highest point in the
cemetery at Warren, Mass. Rising to a
height of nine feet six inches, it is perhaps
a perfect example of the one-piece tablet.
The design is based uocn a draw'ing wdiich
appeared among the design plates in
Monument.m. New's, in July, 1915. It was
found necessary to introduce the sugges-
tion of a base in order to meet the desire ^
of the purchaser, who could not quite
reconcile himself to the “baseless” monu-
ment. This is obviously a “criticism” which
is to be anticipated, and where explanation
fails, the alternative here adopted offers an
excellent solution. It is nicely subordi-
nated to the whole composition, and yet
meets the demand for a supporting mem-
lier. An effect, however, much more strik-
ing would have resulted had the slab risen
out of the ground in an unbroken line.
The incised ornament is pleasing and inex-
pensive. Immediately above the base treat-
ment, the dimensions are 3-Oxl-O,, while the
top measures 2-9x0-10. The base projects
two inches all around. The work was
erected by Mr. William F. Cook, of Spring-
field, Mass., and was executed by the
Joseph Coduri Granite Co., of Westerly,
R. I.

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names. 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any hook and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

CONCENTRATED PULVERIZED

MANURE

It Supplies Food For
Your Land and Plants

' Wizard Brand Manure makes things
I grow. It’s just what your lawn, flow-
ers, vegetables, fruit and field crops
; need. Every piece of land needs re-
plenishing from time to time. Wizard
, Brand Manure is more than just fertil-
' izer — it strengthens soil fertility and
supplies plant food at the same time.
Call for Wizard Brand Manure by name
today or write us for descriptive booklet.

I THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
No. Ill, Union Stock Yards, Chicago

HEARTLEY’S

MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY^S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
**lt Excels Them All.**
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.

GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo, Ohio

Catalog of New Line of Ceme-
tery Records just out; ask for one.
Park and Cemetery.

PARK AND C EM ETEK

53

A GREENHOUSE LAYOUT
WE HEARTILY RECOMMEND

The houses can be added to at the opposite
gables, and make a perfectly balanced plan.

Send for approximate estimate of its cost, built
with our construction of Everlasting Lastingness.

WE recommend, it because the plan is a com-
pact, practical one. The houses are attractive
from whatever point of view.

It gives you at least four compartments.

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories

SALES OFFICES

PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO ROCHESTER '

Widener Bldg. Continental & Commercial Bank Bldg. Granite Bldg.
TORONTO, Royal Bank Bldg. MONTREAL, Transportation Bldg.

FACTORIES; Irvington. N. Y. Des Plaines. III. St. Catharines, Canada

BOSTON
Tremont Bldg.

CLEVELAND
Swetland Bldg.

DETROIT
Penbscot Bldg.

NEW YORK
42nd St. Bldg.

diiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

I THE “PEERLESS” HORSE LAWN MOWER GRINDER i

PATENTED

THE ROOT-HEATH MFC. CO.

PLYMOUTH, OHIO

The Only Machine
of the Kind On
the Market

Here is what the world has been
looking for — a machine for grind-
ing HORSE and POWER Lawn
Mowers as well as Hand Alowers.
Made by the same people who have
made the famous “Ideal” Hand
Mower Grinders for so many years,
hence is an assured success. Width.
48 inches between the frames. Will
grind the Reel Knives and Straight
Blade of all 40-inch Horse and
Power Lawn Mowers. Will grind
30-inch Pony Lawn Mowers and all
Hand Grinders without removing
reel-knives.

Price, only $85.00
WRITE TODAY for catalog of
this wonderful machine. It not only
saves time and money, but does the
work far better than it can possibly
be done by hand. NEEDED BY
EVERY PARK AND CEMETERY.
Also makers of the “Ideal” Hand
Lawn Mower Grinder.

^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiin?

54

PARK AND C EM ETER Y.

g The Coldwell Walk-Type Motor Mower cuts the g-rass and rolls the lawn. j

I Rapid, thorough, tireless — it consumes little fuel, cuts an acre an hour. |

I Does all the work of cutting the lawn, requiring nothing hut guidance. 1

I A sturdy little Motor Mower of the walk-type will negotiate any grade that a ■

I horse mower would be used on. . |

I It is made in three sizes— 30, 35 and 40 inch cut, with rolling weights ranging |

1 from 900 to 1100 pounds. |

1 The Coldwell Ride-Type Model J is the “clipper-lniilt,” long-distance machine. It is equipped =

g with latest improved four-cylinder Continental Motor, Mayo Radiator, etc. Will cut two to two and g

B one-half acres per hour. The real machine for making and keeping a healthy, green, beautiful lawn. g

1 1917 Coldwell Threesome with one man and one horse will do the work of any three individual g

= mowers. Cuts a swath 87 inches wide. This type of mower is particularly suited to cutting on dry, g

g settled ground where rolling and fine cutting is a secondary consideration. Write for descriptive B

g catalogues. g

I COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY |

I Factory and Office at Newburgh, New York |

■ Chicago Office: 62 E. Lake St., Chicago, 111. I

illl!l!!lllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllll|[|!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllliy^

COLDWELL
WALK TYPE

MOTOR MOWER

PARK AND CEMETERY

00

Wonderful Dignity and Beauty

^ EORGIA Marble lends itself with peculiar fitness
to memorials where dignity of design, beauty of
texture and permanency are desired.

A classical gem executed in Georgia Marble and erected in Wisconsin. Total height 8 — 3|.

If you look into the results obtained from the use of
Georgia Marble, you will find how very satisfactory
it always is for effective memorial ornamentation. It
lends itself admirably to the most intricate forms of
carving, letters superbly, and its durability preserves
inscriptions and details indefinitely.

If you will send us your name and address, We
will he pleased to mail you, with our compli-
ments, a copy of our magazine for Monu-
ment Men and Cemetery Superintendents.

THE GEORGIA MARBLE COMPANY

TATE, GEORGIA

7IIIIUIIIIIIIII1IIIIMIII

56

PARK AND C EM EXE R 15

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form, devised ; entries run across two pages each
X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day; place of interment — section, lot; lot book page; location ; grave fee;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square ;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — ■158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices- will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regidar price, tivo dollars.

Send for our neiv revised catalog containing fxdl-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the hooks.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK A N D

CEMETERY.

57

When Labor Is
High and Scarce

Weeds Grow Best

The best method of keeping roadways and gutters
free from weeds is a question of vital importance to
every town director, street commissioner, park or
cemetery superintendent, suburban developing com-
pany and private estates, for the construction of the
average roadway and gutter is such that grass and
weeds find their way to the surface. Weeds give
grounds of any kind a neglected and forlorn appear-
ance and their removal by some method is a sanitary
necessity.

The old method of sending men over roadways with
picks, shovels and scrapers to remove the weeds is
recognized by intelligent men to be a failure. The
tops alone are removed by this method only to reap-
pear a few days later. In order to keep the roads in
anything like trim condition, they require constant at-
tention during the entire growing season if this method
is used. But what is even more objectionable, how-
ever, is the fact that the roadbed is constantly dis-
turbed, thereby creating expense, dust and destroying
the road surface.

WEED KILLER

The treating of the roadway and gutter with Key
Brand Weed Killer, a liquid chemical which sinks
into the ground, reaches and destroys the tops and
roots of all existing growth and has a sterile effect on
the soil. It may be diluted with forty parts of water
and easily applied with any sprinkling can or sprinkling
apparatus.

It is cheaper to make a thorough application of Key
Brand Weed Killer than it is to remove the weeds
once by hand, and the constant attention is eliminated.

Once applied, Key Brand Weed Killer seldom needs
attention during the entire season.

This Advantage Is True Economy

Key Brand Weed Killer is being used year after
year by cities, cemeteries, estates and developments
throughout the United States.

We guarantee it to be the most efficient and econom-
ical method of removing weeds

One gallon of Key Brand diluted with 40 gallons of
water will usually cover 1,C00 square feet of surface.

Key Brand Weed Killer is shipped in the following
convenient size packages;

70 Gallon Iron Drums

50 “ Barrels

30 “ 1-2 Barrels

10-5-1 “ Cans

WRITE FOR PRICES

Interstate Chemical Co.

Manafactnrers ol Spray Chemicals and Insecticides

24 Bay view Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

The Finest
Details

reproduced with per-
fect fidelity in the
eternal, d u r a b 1 e,
metal, SHEET COP-
PER or BRONZE.

Mullins statues are
oxidized dark, the
high lights of drapery
and figure work being
brought out in the
natural color of the
metal ; statues inter-
nally braced.

Ask pf ow Blok “The Blue and ih • Gray, ” showing
many fine public memorials of these materials.

W. H. Mullins Co. : Salem, Ohio

Built for Durability

In the last thirty days we
overhauled for the first time
BOMGARDNER Lower-
ing Devices Nos. 54-673-
320-1304-1186, which had
been in service for periods
varying from nine to thir-
teen years. The average cost
of making these devices as
good as new was but $9.50.

The BOMGARDNER
Lowering Device you buy
today will give as good, if
not better service. WHY
EXPERIMENT?

JV rite for literature.

Bomgardnei* Manufacturing Co.

Gleyeland, Oliio

58

PARK A K D C EM ETE R Y.

A Refined Lowering Device

Beautiful Burial Services — for which patrons are glad to adequately pay

Gentlemen: Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1917.

I gave the FRIGID Lowering Device purchased in December, 1916, a test the coldest day this Winter, Monday,
February 12, 1917. Case used was a Corinthian Bronze enclosed in a steel vault, a total weight of about 1100 lbs. This
was lowered with as much ease as the lightest case used on it. This Device was purchased for St. Peter’s Catholic
Cemetery by the writer. Very truly, J RIGNEY WARD.

.\bout its efficiency ask — Sidney S. Herriman, Siipt. Oak Hill Cemetery, Pontiac, Mich., or J. S. Medary, Pres. Oak

Grove Cemetery, La Crosse, Wis. Then write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO., 217 So. Western Ave., Chicago, III.

1

(

I

(I

l!!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllli!lillllllllilll!lllllll||||!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll»^

Special Notice: — Stedem Chemical Ljahoratory has no intention or desire |
to be in any way mistaken for FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL Laboratory ■
But I

Fairmount Weed Killer j

as made for seventeen years at the N. IV. corner |

Broad and Fairmount Ave.^ Philadelphia^ Pa., can |

only be obtained from Stedem Chemical Laboratory. |

We want all the old friends of the original Fairmount Weed Killer to I

know that it is again obtainable and at a more advantageous price than ■

any spur'ous formula or imitation. Prices on application. Correspon- |

dence solicited. I

I Fairmount Weed Killer, Stedem Formula |

I Stedem Chemical Laboratory \

I Office, 926 South St. Bernard St. Philadelphia, Pa. 1

illll!lllll!lllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillll|||llllllilllllilllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^

PARK AND C EM ETE R Y.

59

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

J cents a word each insertion: minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

SUPERINTENDENT A N D ASSISTANT
ni.annger of large Chicago cemeteiy desires
to make a change by May 1st. Thoroughly
experienced in managing cemetery grounds,
lot sales, office accounting and greenhouses.
Ten years' experience. Member of Associa-
tion of .Vmerican Cemetery Superintendents.
Best of references. Address “Chicago, ' care
Park and Cemetery.

WANTED— FI UST-CL-VSS CEMETERY LOT
salesman to take charge of sales in new
perpetual caie cemetery. .John .1. Harden,
3405 Classen Blvd.. Oklahoma City, Okla.

EXPERT IN CEMETERY DEVELOPMENT,
management and finance, now engaged b>'
one of the most successful cemeteries, will
make plans, reports or studies for impirove-
ment of new additions to old grounds on
modern lines: the complete development of
new grounds, or an\ phase of cemetery man-
a.gement; specialties; inspection and surveys;
efficient platting of lots; laying out and grad-
ing of loads and sections'; establishing and
managing of perpetual care funds; revising
and roniodeling records and accounts; pre-
paring modern rules and regulations; adver-
tising and lot sales plans. Address “Ex-
pert,” care Park and Cemetery.

LOTUS CELERY G.VRDENS, PRINCETON,
Tnd. — AY. .1. Uitterskamp, wholesale growers
of vegetable plants; cabbage, tomato, onion
and celery seedings our specialties; hot-
bed, cold-frame and field grown. \Ve steril-
ize our soil with live steam, spray against
insects and fungous diseases. \Ve pack on
moist sphagnum moss when foliage is dry
so plants will carry long distances safely.
Ti'ansplanted or thinned plants, $1.00 per M
and up. AVrite for circular.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed emlialming position and to
undertaking pi'ofesslon; three months’ course
(lualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. AAMrsham Ti'aining School,
6£0 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

AVANTED— POSITION AS SUPERINTEND-
ent of park or cemetery; 30 years of ex-
perience in a leading cemetery; best of ref-
erences. Address "Reliable,” care Park and
Cemetery.

AA’ANTED— POSITION AS SUPERINTEND-
ent or Assistant Superintendent of modern
cemetery; good business, landscape and
floral training. AA'ould push lot sales. A.
J., 11 Virginia Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers o'
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

IVrite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America

Box 405

DUNDEE. ILL.

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates
Will Keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically

Easily attached and requires no attention. Write
for descriptive circular. Special prices if you
mention this Magazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO., Boston, Mass.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Coita Color at $2.90 Each

Sire 18 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.

South Zanesville, Ohio

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. MEMBER A S.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4336

Arthur R. Gross

Landscape Gardener

848 Penobscot Building

Detroit, Mich.

Specializing in Cemetery Design,
Development and Operation

Consulting Landscape Gardener for The Mount
Greenwood Cemetery of Chicago

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, RE PEA T TING
AND OPERATION.

BENJ. E. GAGE

JLaJidscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engagrd in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.» Minneapolis, Minn.

Advice. Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries. Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited . City
Paik Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

WATERWEEDS REMOVED

easily and effectively .from any lake,
pond or river. Write for particulars
of the Submarine Weed Culling Saw.

ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

IS is the
^ way we grow
your trees.

Do you wonder that
we have such a de-
mand for them ?

European and Cri-
m e a n i n den,
straight trunked and
high 1)ranched, for
Park and Cemetery
planting.

We also carry a full line of
shrubs, evergreens and field
grown herbaceous stock

SEND FOR NEW
SPRING CATALOGUE

Thomas B.
Meehan Co.

ff^holesale Nurserymen

Dresher, Pennsylvania

60

PARK AND C EM ETE R 1’.

Clean and Dustless Drives

In parks and cemeteries where it is desirable to prevent
dust and keep out weeds — this result may be effectively
and economically secured by using

SOLVAY

Granulated Calcium Chloride

Two or three applications a season, according to traffic condi-
tions. will keep driveways and walks in perfect condition. It
is easily spread by hand or horse spreader without expert
supervision. It does away with watering and the expense
is considerably less. You are invited to investigate the many
advantages of using SOLVAY as a dust preventive and road-
binder.

Write for the "Solvay Road Book”

Sent postpaid upon request

400 Milton Ave. SKMET-SOLV A Y CO. Solvay. N. Y.

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be
mixed better,
quicker, with less
expense. Use a

Jaeger

Mixer

Now made in small sizes. Mounted on trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W, Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

We specialize in IRON FENCE

for

Parks, Playgrounds and Cemeteries

The Largest Variety. The Lowest Prices.

Get our Prices and see our Designs before buying.
We can save you money.

Write for
Free

Catalogue

CINCINNATI IRON FENCE CO.

Cincinnati, O. Address Dept. D.

The Fa mous New
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load antomatically
more friction. Handles anything' from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

PARK A X D C EM ET ER Y.

61

Atlas is a scientific chem-
ical. It is sprinkled over the
area to be cleaned (dilnted
with 20 parts water). Weeds
and other vegetation die in
a few days — for the whole
year — because Atlas soaks
down to the
very root.

One gallon, costing $1.50,
is sufficient for 600 scp ft. —
a 500-gallon tank wagon
with two men will cover
250,000 scp ft. a day — about
2^ miles of road 20 feet
wide.

Compare these costs with
hand-weeding, which
must be done over
and over again. ^

Kill the Weeds — Chemically

Hand-weeding', always inefficient and costly, is
today even more so because of labor conditions.
Leading- parks and cemeteries all over the United
States maintain beautiful drives, paths, gutters,
roads, streets, etc., at low cost through the use of

^

1*

i

CHIPMAN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING CO. Inc.
95 Liberty St. New York

F.O.B. Madison, W is.

'Designed for use
in Parks, Ceme-
teries. and
Private Estates.

A BETTER LAWN

— at Less Expense

Read this letter we recently received from a
Park Superintendent :

“After giving Fuller and Johnson Lawn
Mowers a thorough trial, I recommended
them to the Park Board and Finance Com-
mittee, stating that by using three of these
mowers I could reduce the Park grass cutting
maintenance one man to each park. This
makes three men less on the Park force
and as each man receives a salary of $420
a season $1 ,260 would be saved.”

Isn’t this saving well worth while? Doesn’t
this fact alone justify your getting full particu-
lars about the

Fuller & Johnson

MOTOP LAWN MOWEP

— the mower that is backed up by 70 years’
reputation of the Fuller and Johnson Mfg.
Company for -the highest manufacturing in-
tegrity.

This machine is motor-driven, hand con-
trolled. Built as a unit to combine ex-
treme flexibil ty with large cutting capacity.
Makes a finished job at one cutting. No
cleaning up or hand trimming afterwards.
Specially designed to cut grass close up to
trees, under shrubbery, along walks and
driveways, and will climb a 30% grade on
its own power.

The mechanical construction of the Fuller
& Johnson Mower is scientifically right with
no complicated parts to get out of adjust-
ment— a practical mower for everyday use.
Let us send you complete details about this
splendid Motor Lawn Mower.

Write for a copy of our new book
-'A BETTER LAWN”

Manufacturers Distributing

453

Publicity Bldg
St. Louis, Mo

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MAKERS

IMade by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680,432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
Z^/2-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 1^2 to 12c, 5-in. lOV^ to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, 111.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, • Pasadena, Cal.

are using our method for keeping their records of

^ Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circular sent on

kU request. PARK AND CEMETERY. 538 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO. ILL.

1,000 OEM

El

r

E

Rl

Stone Grave Vaults

The McDermott Stone Co.

Sctaultz Building
COLUMBUS, OHIO

62

P A RK AND C E M E T E R

Royal Blue Stone

Burial Vaults

“Stronger and Better — Last Forever”
The Independent Stone Company

New Fust National Bank Building
COLUMBUS. OHIO

Kill the Weeds and Grass that Deface Your Walks and Drives

FAIRMOUNT WEED KILLER

The public is warned not to
purchase mowers infringing
the Townsend Patent No.
1.209,519, Dec. 19th, 1916.

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

ORANGE, N. J.

These Prices Are Your Opportunity

To introduce our mail-order department we are ofifering a fine lot of
carefully grown parking trees, 2 to inches in diameter, measured
2 inches above ground-line.

Per 10

Per 50

Per 100

American Elm

. .$ 8.50

$37.50

$70.00

American Sycamore

. . 7.50

32.50

60.00

Sugar Maple

. . 10.00

47.50

95.00

Soft Maple

. . 7.00

30.00

55.00

Norway and Carolina Poplar

. . 5.50

17.50

32.50

o. b. Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Terms :

20% cash

with order

discount for

cash in

full.

Order To-day — This offer is

limited

and may be recalled.

MENERAY NURSERIES, Inc.

3101 Avenue A Council Bluffs, Iowa

“Here Since 1868”— 250 Acres Nursery Stock

Tfie Greatesf Grass-Cutter on Earth
Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man. the TRIPLEX MOWER will
mow more lawn in a day than the best
motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a traction of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man, it will mow more lawn in a
day than any three other horse-drawn
mowers with three horses and three men.

Floats over the uneven ground as a
ship rides the waves. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skim-
ming the level, and the third paring a
hollow. Does not smash the grass to
earth and plaster it in the mud in spring-
time, nor crush out its life between hot
rollers and hard, hot ground in summer,
as does the motor mower.

Send for catalog illustrating all types of
Townsend Lawn Mowers

THE OLD METHOD OF HOEING OUT WEEDS AND GRASS IS TOO COSTLY
TRY OUR WAY AND YOU WILL NEVER BE CONTENT WITH ANY OTHER

Fairmount Weed Killer ONLY Does the Work Right

SEND ORDERS TO SEEDSMEN OR DIRECT TO

FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL LABORATORY

ONLY MAKERS

Southeast Cor. 11th & Master Sts. :: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

T W E N T Y- S E C O N D YEAR OF S U C C E S S F U L W E E D KILLING

Original Introducers of W eed Killing Chemicals, beware of
Cheap Imitations. No failures. Twenty-two years’ Experience

Will do the work at SMALL COST and do it EFFECTUALLY and THOROUGHLY.
Does not spoil the appearance of the walks and drives. Kills the weeds
and grass, keeps gravel or broken stone clean.

EXAMINE THIS A barrel of SO gals, will make 2,500 gals, of liquid ready to apply to
T A D1 17 t /^/-vCT roadway, covering 7,500 square yards of surface and costing LESS

1 ADL.tL. Ot 1 THAN TWO CENTS A GALLON TO PUT ON.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1.000 cemeteries are using
our method for keepingtheir records of Burials, Location
of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request,
PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO, ILL.

A sk Park and Cemetery for New Catalog
of the Revised Line of Complete Cemetery .
Record Books.

PARK AX D C EM ETER V.

I

63

W. & T. SmiTH CO/WPANY

GEINE\//\. IN E \A7 Y O R IC

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;

64 YEARS.

IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

700 ACRES,

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S PAINT

Is is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

Made in JERSEY CITY, N. J., by the

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827 ^>$3^

Offer a very complete as-

sortment or all kinds of
Tfrces^ Shrubs^ Evergreens^ Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

TANDEM ROLLERS FOR PARK AND CEMETERY WORK

THE BUFFALO-SPRINGFIELD ROLLER CO.

STEAM Springfield, Ohio gasoline

Nurserymen, Gardeners, Dealers, Land-
scape Gardeners, and our Customers
in general who have seen our Nurseries
agree that we have THE FINEST
STOCK OF LARGE SPECIMEN
EVERGREENS IN THE COUNTRY
IN PINES, SPRUCES, HEMLOCK
AND FIRS.

General Nursery Stock

The F. E. CONINE NURSERY CO.

STRATFORD. CONN.

Established 1895 Send for List

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD NEW JERSEY

Dreer Specialties

For Parks and Cemeteries

Roses, Hardy Perennials, Hardy Shrubs, HarJy
Climbers, Boxwood, Hedge Plants, Aquatics. Decorative
and Flowering Plants, Bulbs, Flower Seeds, etc,; also

Grass Seeds for Every Purpose

We are large producers and will be pleased to
give information, or send our wholesale pricelist, to
Superintendents of Parks and Cemeteries. Write about
anything needed.

Henry A. Dreer

Philadelphia Pa

Stark Bros.* Nurseries

Louisiana. Mo.

Landscape Architects, specially
trained for park and cemetery work.

We are the largest growers in
America. Our ornamentals are grown
by the most expert propagators; are
carefully trained, bushy, heavy rooted.

We offer free consultation and ad-
vice, and will prepare complete de-
signs for Park. Cemetery or Private
Grounds.

Write for free book — fully illus-
trated, explaining in detail formal and
informal methods of Landscape Gar-
dening.

Stark Bros.* Nurseries

Box 000 Louisiana, Mo.

Use This Unusual Catalog

SUGGESTIONS

for EFFECTIVE PLANTING

A CATALOG which tells what plants and trees
and shrubs are best adapted by Nature for
each garden and landscape — and how to group
them most effectively.

“Suggestions for Effective Planting” is not the
usual mechanical, deadly dull nursery catalog. Its
arrangement of departments brings together the
material best suited for each purpose. Send for your
copy as soon as possible.

Andorra Nurseries

William Warner Harper, Proprietor
Box 150, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.

Park and Cemetery Entrances and Fences

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The V an Dorn Iron fV orks Company - CleveU

Greatest Capacity
For Clean Work

Austin Tandtm Roller

The ability to do most work at least expense is not the only
advantage of the Austin Motor Road Roller in park and cemetery
improvement. There are no cinders or smoke and it is not a
nuisance when in operation.

No teaming of coal and water reduces equipment that litters
the grounds to the minimum and makes the operation of the roller
no more an annoyance than an automobile.

The Austin roller uses either gasoline or kerosene for fuel and
no time or fuel is wasted when the roller is not in operation.

It is not only economical in the work it accomplishes, but per-
forms its work without annoyance or destruction of property.

Austin rollers are built in five three-wheel and four tandem
sizes, providing a size and style for every requirement.

Write for complete catalog

The Austin -Western Road Machinery Co.

CHICAGO

ISranch Offices:

New York City Philadelphia Dallas Los Angeles

Columbus, O. Atlanta San Francisco St. Paul

Austin Macadam Roller

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Blasting in Park and Cemetery Landscape Work — Designing the Monument to Fit the
Lot— Handy Grave Frame— The Color Line at the Grave— Park Development
in Seattle— Some Native Shrubs and Their Uses— Cincinnati’s Municipal Park Picnic.

ORNAMENTAL IRON ENTRANCE GATES, FENCE AND ARCH, MOUNT HOPE CEMETERY. FLORENCE, S. C.
Designed, built and erected by The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. (See page 86.)

66

park and CEM ETER Y.

Coldwell

MotorMower

MODEL J

The coldwell “CLIPPERBUILT” Motor Mower, Model J,

combines Coldwell sturdy construction with 1917 mechanical
improvements.

Power. A 4-cylin(ler 1917 automobile motor, Continental make, gives
INlodel .1 power to climb any grade up to 25%, at any speed up to 6 miles
ail hour. Rolls as it mows.

Lightness. Weighs 1100 pounds on the rollers. Not too he.iv\ just heavy enough.

Economy. Does the work of three horses and three men on half a gallon of gasoline an hour.

Tl.P COLDWELL WALK TYPE Motor Mower runs itself. Operator guides-nothing
more A strong little motor geared up to 4 miles an hour does the work. Low upKeep,
beautiful cutting and rolling make the WALK TYPE especially desirable tor smaller estates.

'I’wo sizes, so" and 35" cutters.

COLDWELL HORSE MOWER with Demountable Cutter Units. Cutters can be changed
in a minute. No time lost for sharpening the knives.

COI DWELL HAND MOWERS are distinguished tor materials, workmanship and finish.
Hand Mowers bearing the COLDWELL stamp have been marketed for more than forty years.
150 ditferent styles and sizes. Write for catalogue.

COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY

. — . . Chicago Office

N E w®b"u"r ^ H 'n . Y. 62 EAST LAKE ST.. CHICAGO, ILL.

67

American

Cemetery Superintendents

Barre, Vermont

The 1917 convention
will be the banner
one in the history of
the Association. You
will be taken care of.

THE ROMANCE OF THE HILLS

No part of America generates greater fascination through scenes of natural beauty and historic
romance than the home of the Green Mountain Boys of Revolutionary days. The Photograph at
the top of this page shows a typical view of the Winooski Valley with “Camel’s Hump” in the
background. The lower view was taken along the bank of the sparkling trout stream that flows
through the famous “Williamstown Gulf” a few miles from Barre. Automobile tours to these
beauty spots will be one of the features of the Barre Convention. It will be a “Red Letter” week
of a lifetime for those who attend the annual gathering of the American Cemetery Superinten-
dents to be held in Barre, Vermont, on August 23, 29, 30 and 31 next.

i^lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllilllllllllllll^

Barre

i

1

Entertainment

1

M

Association

1

1

Organized by the

1

Barre Board of Trade

M

expressly for the en-

1

tertainment of the

1

Cemetery Superin-

tendents in Barre in

=

M

1917.

1

1

Alex. Hanton

1

(Supt. Barre Cemeteries)

=

Directing Chairman

1

1

Barre, Vermont

1

lllllllllllllllllllllll!!lll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^

68

PARK AND CEMETERY.

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

Enterprise Protective Fence is es-
pecially adapted for cemeteries and
parks, because it offers real beauty of
design as well as permanent protection.

Enhances Natural Beauty
of Grounds

Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural beauty of
your grounds, and set them off in the most

effective way.

On Guard Day and Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on duty day
and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks, prowlers, and other
undesirable persons. Prevents desecration of grounds and
unwarranted intrusions.

Send for Illustrated Catalog

Write today for our catalog. It describes hundreds of
styles, quotes prices, and explains our free offer to make
a blueprint showing plan and all details of fence needed
to protect and beautify your property.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2424 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 years in Ali^Iron and Write today

lron=and= Woven=^ Wire protective fencing for this

Catalog

DON'T DEFACE A FINE l.AWN

BY USING CHEAP. UNSIGHTLY SIGNS

That rust, corrode or become weather-beaten from exposure. Bronze
is the eternal, durable metal. It colors beautifully in the open air
and harmonizes with the beauty of your landscape. Six different
designs or will make special for you.

OUR BRONZE PERPETUAL CARE STAKES ARE
THE QUALITY MARKERS FOR BEAUTIFUL LAWNS

ASK FOR DESCRIPTIVE BOOK

QUADRIGA MFC. COMPANY

213-221 W. Grand Ave. Chicago. U. S. A.

can be made a place of beauty and an asset to your
cemetery if it bears the beautiful SHEET BRONZE
ELK shown in this illustration.

Set aside an Elks’ plot, erect this beautiful memorial in
its center and draw the patronage of the members of
this order in your community.

Let us tell you how economically and easily you can
erect this beautiful memorial.

IV. H. Mullins Co., Salem, Ohio

The Elks Plot

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISH ING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, President H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2 00: two years, $3.50: threeyears, $5.00: five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL. XXVII NO, a

EDITORIAL

LEGAL STANDARDS OF
CEMETERY MANAGEMENT

A cemetery is a public institution
whose function, operations, history,
management and records are of the
highest importance. Every cemetery,
however small, should be accurately
located, accurately platted and under
the direct control of some properly con-
stituted authority. State laws should
provide for the proper management of
cemeteries and should require the coun-
ty and city authorities to provide for
the proper protection, preservation, and
management of all cemeteries. Accu-
rate and complete records of every in-
terment are required by law in many
states and should be compulsory every-
where. Every live cemetery manager
realizes that complete records are the
first necessity of a well-managed ceme-
tery. They avoid future litigation and
confusion in locating graves and in es-
tablishing ownership of lots. No sy's-
tem of cemetery records is complete
without three things : First, a detailed
record of the important facts about
every interment ; second, a lot diagram
to immediately locate every grave ; and
third, an index by which every entry in
either interment record or lot book may
easily be found. State laws should be
passed in every state requiring ceme-
teries in present operation to provide
accurate records of all their transac-
tions, and providing for some sort of
supervision over old or abandoned ceme-
teries. North Carolina has just passed
a law framed by Representative J. R.
McCrary, of Lexington, requiring coun-
ty authorities to keep an accurate list of
all country cemeteries, and take other
measures for the control of old ceme-
teries. This law provides :

"That it shall be the duty of the boards
of county commissioners of the various
counties in the state to prepare and keep
on record in the office of the Register of
Deeds a list of all the public cemeteries
in the counties outside the limits of in-
corporated towns and cities, and not es-
tablished and maintained for the use of
an Incorporated town or city, together
with names and addresses of person or
persons in possession and control of the
same. To such list shall be added a list
of the public cemeteries in the rural dis-
tricts of such counties which have been
abandoned. And it shall be the duty of
the county board of commissioners to
furnish to the Legislative Reference Li-
brarian copies of the lists of such public
and abandoned cemeteries to the end that
he may furnish to said boards for the use
of the persons in control of such ceme-
teries suitable literature, suggesting
methods of taking care of such places.”

In order to provide some measure of

care for such cemeteries another sec-
tion requires the county authorities to
pay for one-third the expense of beau-
tifying and improving any such ceme-
tery, providing the other two-thirds of
the necessary funds have been raised by
other means. The county authorities
are al.so required to take possession and
control of all abandoned public ceme-
teries m their respective counties, to see
that the boundaries and lines are clear-
ly laid out, defined and marked, and to
take proper steps to preserve them from
encroachment. With the rapidly in-
creasing number of private companies
engaging in the cemetery business, it is
becoming increasingly necessary that
standards of operation be searchingly
scrutinized and regulated by law, and
that every cemetery be required to meas-
ure up to minimum requirements of
maintenance and efficiency. Every state
should have laws requiring cemeteries
to provide adequate funds for care of
grounds, a thorough system of records
and measure up to certain requirements
of financial stability. Cemetery men
should endeavor to secure the passage
of such laws, and it might be feasible
for the Association of American Ceme-
tery Superintendents to draft and rec-
ommend a general law embodying the
principles of correct cemetery manage-
ment, and endeavor to secure its passage
in as many states as possible. Park
AND Cemetery would be glad to hear
from cemetery officials with any sug-
gestions along this line.

NATIONAL PARKS AS
SUMMER RESORTS
When asked whether the national
parks are to be closed to visitors dur-
ing the season of 1917, Secretary Lane
stated that the persistent rumors which
have been current, particularly in the
Middle West, that such action was to
be taken by the Interior Department,
have absolutely no foundation in facts.
All of the parks are to be opened at the
usual time. The Secretary believes that
the entrance of the United States into
the war will not materially affect west-
ern tourist travel, and expressed the
conviction that the national parks will
be quite as well patronized this year as
they have been during each of the past
two years, when upwards of 400,000 peo-
ple visited them. The Interior Depart-
ment has taken effective steps to put

MAY, 1917

the parks on a par with the best-
equipped summer resorts in the world,
and already transportation and hotel ac-
commodations in several of them have
reached this standard. The splendid ho-
tel system of Yellowstone Park will be
supplemented this year by a system of
excellent new permanent camps, and
ten-passenger touring cars, supplanting
the ancient stage coaches, will offer a
high degree of comfort and convenience
in traveling through this great play-
ground. In the Yosemite a new hotel
at famous Glacier Point, with every
modern appointment, will be opened for
the first time, and in beautiful Paradise
Valley, in Mount Rainier Park, the new
Paradise Inn will welcome its first vis-
itors this summer. In these parks, also,
new transportation equipment will pro-
vide service of a high order. New ho-
tels in Rocky Mountain Park and the
recently reorganized transportation serv-
ice in Glacier will make the touring of
these parks on the top of the Rocky
Mountains delightful. Road improve-
ment under larger appropriations by
Congress, supplemented by the increased
park revenues, is moving forward rap-
idly. Conditions for automobiling in
the parks will he better than ever be-
fore. The Department is giving special
attention to the stimulation of motor-
ing by issuing free automobile guide
maps showing the road systems of the
larger parks and the state highways
connecting with them. New circulars of
information for all prospective visitors
will also be ready for distribution soon.
The parks are not as well known as
they ought to be, and the Interior De-
partment is doing all it can to tell the
people about them.

WHITE PINE QUARANTINE
The Secretary of Agriculture has
amended the white pine blister rust
quarantine promulgated April 21, 1917.
This amendment is made effective May
1, 1917, and prohibits the movement of
white pines and black currant plants
from the New England states to points
outside of New England. This action
was necessitated by the considerable
movement now under way of possibly
infected white pines, and to a less ex-
tent, black currants, from New Eng-
land to states lying west and south.
Both of these plants are important car-
riers of the blister rust disease.

70

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Cincinnati’s Municipal Park Picnic

THE WHEELBARROW RACE.

THE WATPRIMELON EATING CONTEST.

According to the authorities on matters
of that sort it is altogether the biggest
affair of the sort given on the Western
Continent and, probalily, in the world !
Fancy asking all the girls and hoys of
one of the largest cities in the country to
a picnic, placing absolutely no restrictions
as to whom they may bring with them, of
how many such guests may be sent for
from out the city, simply welcoming whom-
soever might appear and bidding them take
hand, forthwith, in the sport. This is what
Cincinnati has done.

On all the calendar of the year, down in
the big city on the Ohio, there is no such
gala day to young and their parents who
come to look on, as the annual municipal
picnic !

The municipal picnics in Cincinnati had
their start almost through an accident.
Just a few years ago, one glorious autumn,
it happened that the public parks were par-
ticularly radiant for that time of year,
thanks to unusual amounts of rain. The
Park Commissioners wdshed to show’ the
parks to the people and chance helped
them to the end. The reservoir in Eden
Park, a huge, concrete basin, had been
drained for repairs ; stood dry and open,
and lured, as a huge dancing floor — the
largest such the world has ever seen. A
band could be mounted on one of the con-
crete bastions, set in this as weight above
the hidden mains: the floor could be swept

clean and smoothed a bit, and there would
he a dance hall al fresco, unlike any other
in the world.

Out of all of which came the plan for a
big municipal picnic, open to every comer,
with music, ice water, prizes for all con-
tests, and sports of every imaginable sort.

So successful was that first picnic that
it has become an accepted annual institu-
tion.

Come to Eden Park — the largest of the
parks in which the picnics are held on this
day, and you need but follow the growing
crowds to come on the picnic. All along
the avenues, as you go, you meet men dis-
tributing paper drinking-cups, gratis, that
the takers may help themselves to the cold,
refreshing water beyond. At intervals,
other men have position at two huge cans
of galvanized iron, w’ith such w’ater, and
they pour a dipperful into the cup of
whomsoever it may please.

Denser and denser grow the crowds as
you approach the reservoir, w'hence already
the music of the dancing. You take an at-
tractive, little tree-bordered lane at the
side of the brink that you may look down
into the mammoth bowl as you go. All
along the top of the concrete walls of the
reservoir, like so many Humpty Dumptys,
children and adults are sitting, watching
the merrymakers below. Other folk are
taking a temporary, sloping stair to the
bed of the reservoir, and, by and by, join

in on the dance. At one place in the bot-
tom you note the band on its bastion ; at
another you remark the men giving ice
water likewise ; at a third the park la-
borers are clearing still more space to
dance. Rut the dancing is only one fea-
ture of this mammoth entertainment.

Over the hills, where folk are picnicking
merrily, you stroll to the permanent band-
stand, where the prizes for the various
contests are exposed. Everyone is free to
enter into any contest ; people are out by
the tens of thousands, and there are prizes
galore Just for the children there are
money-boxes, dolls, Charley Chaplin hats,
baseball-bats, slates, games of endless
sorts, whips, w’ee rakes and shovels ; a sin-
gle table holds over l,0h0 prizes, gifts from
the city’, every one of which is worth l-i to
‘-'lie. and some of them come to quite con-
siderably more. The Boy Scouts form a
guard of honor to the prizes, while the
crowds go up and dow'n, looking them
over and resolving for just which they
will compete.

Across the road there's a fish-pond. Just
as soon as there is room, you drop a line
and angle for fish with numbers on their
heads, and these numbers are added to
make scores. The two highest scores in
a given length of time win a first prize,
the next ten, perhaps, second prizes ; and
so on, in increasing ratios.

Just a few paces on, in the more open

EXHIBITING THE FRIZES.

DANCING ON RESERVOIR FLOOR.

road, next in turn, you enlist in a sausage-
eating race. The sausages taste so good,
you eat and you eat, and, by and by, you
are winner of another coupon, to be re-
deemed with a prize at the stand.

That over with, you step across tlie
grass to where men and boys are clustered
thick. A father-and-son race is in pro-
gress here — the men racing with their
hoys on their backs.

Nearby is the wheel-barrow race — the
course enroped and then held by more

J'llEE DRINKS.

The Color

Editor Legal Department : Can a ceme-
tery which is operated by a stock com-
pany prohibit the burial of a colored per-
son? Would such a cemetery be obliged
to sell a single grave to a colored per-
son?— W. J., Mich.

From the court decisions referred to
below', I conclude that it is now a fairly
well settled rule of law that a cemetery-
company or association may refuse to sell
a lot or grave for the interment of a col-
ored person, especially where there is a
by-law of the company or association to
that effect ; but that the right of a colored
person already an owner of a lot in a
cemetery cannot be affected by a new rule
adopted after his purchase of the lot.

There is no law in Michigan to call for
a different conclusion reached by the Su-
preme Court of Illinois under the laws of
the latter state.

In the Illinois case (People vs. Forest
Home Cemetery Co., 258 Illinois Reports,
3()), it was decided that a cemetery com-
pany which has no power to condemn land
and no monopoly of the burial places in
the vicinity is not such a public corpora-
tion as is required to sell lots to all per-
sons who may apply therefor, and that
such a company may make and enforce a
rule prohibiting the future sale of lots to
colored persons for burial purposes.

Pmt the decision intimates that where a

PARK AND CEMETERY.

lines of Boy Scouts. One boy in each
racing team is the “barrow” and goes down
on his hands ; the other boy holds him by
the legs. The crowd fairly- roars in de-
light. A first, a second, third, fourth, fifth
prize are given each time.

A local councilman sounds the call to
each event with his megaphone, and you’d
like to have a hand in them all.

The big watermelon contest is staged
on a long series of trestle-boards, where
slices of scarlet melon are displayed and
children take place at each side, hands be-
hind. At signal all must eat — squarely
down to the rind ; to those first finished
goes the prize. It's really wonderful how
quickly a boy can eat a melon at such
time; the little black boys especially.

Farther dow-n on a roped-in section of
the drive they are having a one-legged
race — each hoy holding one of his legs in
his hand, while he hops down the course.

On your w-ay down the course you catch
sight of still another merry bout in prog-
ress— a pie-eating contest.

A beauty contest is the final event of the
day, and toward the site of it young and
old go. It's fun to see the people elect —
by voice — the most popular beauty shown ;
it reminds of the folk-moots of old.

By- that time, however, the crowds be-
gin scattering. People have arranged lit-

Line at

state law confers the right upon a ceme-
tery company- to condemn land it becomes
a public service corporation in the sense
that it may not discriminate along racial
lines ; and it is also intimated that such a
discrimination might be prevented in a
case where the particular cemetery- has a
monopoly of burials in the locality.

The Illinois suit was brought on behalf
of one Gaskill to compel defendant ceme-
tery company to permit burial of Mrs. Gas-
kill’s body on payment of the company’s
proper charges, but both the trial court
and the Supreme Court, on appeal, decided
that a previously established rule of the
company- against sale of lots for burial of
colored persons was valid, and that the
company- was therefore within its legal
rights in refusing to sell grave space to
Gaskill.

In passing, it is noteworthy that the rule
in question saved the rights of colored
persons owning lots at the time the rule
was adopted, and of their heirs, to use such
lots for burial purposes.

“Corporations organized to serve the
public generally, such as those which fur-
nish water, gas or electric lights in cities,
cannot select their patrons, but must fur-
nish accommodations to all who apply, on
equal terms and at reasonable rates,” said
the Illinois Supreme Court in the cited
case. “As to such corporations there is

tie private supper parties — little revels of
their own in the parks — and are off to
these. Autos In- the hundred, pedestrians
by the thousands, begin to get under way.
They look like so many big, white flowers
on the grass — the men in shirt-waists, the
women in summer dresses — as they scatter
on the green hills.

The public side of the big picnic is over;
hut already folks are looking forward to
next year.

Felix J. Koch.

“F.tTHEIR AND SON" RACE.

the Grave

the additional reason that they have ex-
clusive control of the supply and those
whom they refuse to serve cannot be
served at all, which impresses the prop-
erty with a public interest. One reason for
determining that the property is affected
with a public interest and devoted to a
public use is that the corporation may exer-
cise the sovereign power of eminent do-
main [condemnation], which can only be
granted to a corporation for a public use.
* * * None of these considerations ap-

ply- to the Forest Home Cemetery Com-
pany. There is no provision of its charter
or rule of public policy declared by any
authority- competent to make known or es-
tablish such policy, requiring it to admit
for burial all persons who may apply for
the privilege. There is no element of mo-
nopoly, since it does not control all burial
places in the vicinity of Chicago and the
community at large is not affected so as
to impress its property- with a public in-
terest.’’

Plaintiff also unsuccessfully sought to
show that the cemetery- was a public serv-
ice corporation, within the rule requiring
all such persons to serve the public gen-
erally, because the cemetery- property was
exempt from taxation, but the court held
that this fact did not fix the character of
the corporation.

Another point raised by plaintiff and the

72

court’s ruling on it are indicated by tlie
following language of the Supreme Court :

“It is also claimed that the duty sought
to he enforced is conferred by the act of
1911, concerning civil and legal rights.
(Laws of 1911, p. :188.) That act declares
that all persons within the jurisdiction of
this State shall be entitled to the full and
equal enjoyment of the accommodations,
advantages, facilities and privileges of vari-
ous enumerated places of public accom-
modation and amusement, including with
railroads, street cars and other public
conveyances, funeral hearses, the use of
which is not involved in this case, and con-
cluding with the words, ‘all other places
of public accommodation and amusement.’
Cemeteries are not of the same class as
those places which are enumerated, and
there is a special provision concerning
cemeteries, which shows that they were
not intended to be embraced within the
description of places of public accommo-
dation and amusement. That provision is,
that there shall be no discrimination on
account of race or color in the price to be
charged and paid for lots or graves in
any cemetery or place for burying the
dead, and that provision would be super-
fluous if cemeteries were already included
in the general provision. * * *

“The refusal to permit the body of rela-
tor’s wife to be buried in the Forest Home
Cemetery did not infringe any right of the
relator under the constitution of this State,
and he has no right respecting such burial
under the fourteenth amendment to the
Federal Constitution, which only applies
to acts of the State.”

Two other appellate court decisions bear-
ing on the subject have come to my atten-
tion. In both of them it was decided that
there was a right to bury the remains of
colored persons in lots which had been
acquired before any rule against such
burials was adopted.

In one of these cases — Commonwealth
vs. Mount Moriah Cemetery Association,
81 Pennsylvania State Reports, 23-5 — it ap-
pears that one Boileau, a white person,
bought a lot in defendant’s cemetery.
Without objection of the cemetery authori-
ties the body of a colored woman was in-
terred in the lot. About the same time
Boileau transferred his interest in the lot
to a Mrs. Jones, a colored woman. But
the transfer was not registered by the cem-
etery company, and when Mrs. Jones later
sought to bury the remains of her hus-
band in the lot, permission was denied by
the company, although Boileau expressly
requested permission for that purpose. In
the meantime it appears that the cemetery
management resolved to permit no further
interment of negroes, responding to a pe-
tition of white owners of lots. Entering
an order which required defendant to per-
mit use of the lot by Mrs. Jones, the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court said :

“From this it would appear that the of-

P ARK AND C EM ETER F.

fleers of the defendant company were
moved by a fear of loss which might re-
sult to the treasury of the corporation.
But as Boileau has rights in the premises,
which are not forfeitable to the pecuniary
interests of the stockholders, we are bound
to turn a deaf ear to this reason, which
appears so sound and obvious to these pe-
titioners. It is said, however, that this
was but a reasonable exercise of the discre-
tion of the managers, in view of the gen-
eral prejudice existing against the colored
race.

"In a sound code of ethics this prejudice
never had a respectable standing, for it
was but the child of an abnormal servile
system that was entitled to no man’s re-
spect outside of the countr\' and laws
which maintained it. But at this time,
when the prejudice is under the ban of
recent constitutional and legal provisions
expressly designed for its suppression and
extinction, it is scarcely to be expected
that we can be induced to endorse its re-
spectability or to encourage it to linger
longer around the halls of justice.”

In the case of 'Walker vs. Richmond
Cemetery Co., 97 Southwestern Reporter,
34, the Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld
the right of plaintiffs to enjoin interfer-
ence with their interment of their negro
dead in a lot which had been dedicated to
that purpose liy a former owner of the
land before defendant acquired the tract
embracing the lot. Referring to the com-
pany’s position in the case, the court said ;

“Its theory and theme is one of senti-
ment— that the peace and good order of the
community require that the two races have
separate burial places ; that this is the pol-
icy of the state, as shown by requiring sep-
arate coaches on railroads, and separate
schools for the white and colored people.
This was accomplished by statutes, but
the general assembly has never enacted any
statute requiring separate burial places for
the two races, and this court is powerless
to prevent any person, either white or
Idack, from any legitimate and legal use of
his property, and it has no power to force
him to accept any price that may be of-
fered for his property.”

The closing sentence of the above quoted
opinion was used in response to a sugges-
tion that defendant cemetery company had
offered to pay the owner of the lot in
question its full value.

Probably the latest decision bearing on
this subject was handed down by the
Louisiana Supreme Court in the case of
Leathers vs. Odd Fellows’ Rest, 69 South-
ern Reporter, 858. In that case it ap-
peared that plaintiff, a white person, owned
a burial plot in which she intended that
the remains of herself, her husband and a
colored servant should repose, “so that
even in death they should not be sepa-
rated.”

The cemetery lot titles were issued on
the express condition : “The lot of land

shall not be used for any other purpose
than as a place of burial for only white
people and of good character.’’

The remains of the colored woman were
interred one Saturday in the lot, appar-
ently without the assent of the cemetery
authorities, and the following Monday
they were removed by the authorities to a
neighboring cemetery. Thereupon plain-
tiff sued for damages and for an order re-
quiring defendant to restore the body to
the lot in question. The trial judge found
that, under the circumstances stated, plain-
tiff was not entitled to the relief demand-
ed, and the Supreme Court affirmed the
judgment on appeal.

Editor Legal Department : “In e^■ery
community there live certain classes of
people whom you desire to have isolated
from the whites. In the Pacific Northwest
those special classes are Japanese, Chinese,
Indians and Negroes. We earnestly de-
sire to have your candid opinion as to how
they can be handled in a cemetery prop-
erty to the best advantage, or whether it
is best to exclude any of them.’’ — Supt.,
Wash.

The law editor of Park and Cemetery,
leaving it to those who have an inti-
mate knowledge of the non-legal and prac-
tical aspects of this question to discuss the
adzisability of adopting cemetery rules
forbidding burial in a given cemetery of
persons other than those of the white race,
expresses an opinion on the purely legal
side of the subject.

I know of no decision of an American
court in which the rights of Japanese, Chi-
nese or Indians, as distinguished from ne-
groes, has been involved, but am clearly
of the opinion that the reasoning of the
courts above referred to applies with full
force and equally to all four classes of
persons. That is, it seems that where a
lot has been sold at a time when there was
no race line drawn on interments the cem-
etery authorities cannot lawfully refuse to
permit burial in that lot of any member
of the lotholder’s family or his servants ;
but that a regulation may be adopted by a
cemetery company or association to the
effect that sales of lots will not be made
to persons of the prohibited classes and
that as to lots afterwards sold there shall
be no interment of the remains of any such
person. According to the court decisions,
it appears that such regulations are valid
as to future lot sales, especially where the
particular cemetery is not organized under
circumstances making it a sort of public
service corporation, as where power is con-
ferred upon it to condemn property in ex-
tending its grounds.

But I understand that in the case of the
ordinary cemetery owned by private per-
sons, the classes of persons to which the
cemetery may be thrown open may be lim-
ited according to the judgment of the gov-
erning authorities of the cemetery, saving
full rights to all persons owning lots be-
fore the limitation is prescribed.

Some N a tive

Through our woods, especially along the
edges, around low places and swamps,
along roads and railroad right-of-ways, or
wherever the trees have been cut down
for some reason or other, or the ground
is too rough for cultivation, or neglected

VIBURNTM LENTAGO.

for other reasons, we tind an abundance
of native shrubs, suitable for the decora-
tion of our home grounds, equal and often
superior to the horticultural N’arieties.

Whoever is able to distinguish the dif-
ferent kinds in their dormant state, may
collect enough of them for his plantings, if
time is no object and facilities for trans-
portation are at hand. Otherwise, they
may be bought at some of the nurseries;
especially the ones that are also catering to
landscape work.

Of course, one is apt to hear the re-
mark, “I w’ouldn't have that in my yard,
it grow's all over the woods.” A remark
that sounds just as much out of place to
me as, for instance, ‘T w'ouldn't have such
and such an article. Why, it was made
right here in town.” The types of all
shrubs are native somewhere, and why
should we despise the ones that grow all
around us more than the ones that come
from China or Japan? People who live
in the suburbs and in the country, and the
farmer who is wise enough to improve
his place by the judicious planting of
shrubs, trees, vines, evergreens and flow-
ers, be it for the sake of just making his
place more beautiful or to add to its fu-
ture value, or for both reasons, will
achieve better results and create a more
harmonious effect by using our native
shrubs and vines.

PARK AND C E M ET E R Y.

Shrubs and

By E. Meyer, Minneal’olis Park Department.

The nurserymen and landscape arch-
itects, laying out big country estates, are
making some use of them, but do not al-
w'ays use the full collection, probably be-
cause some of them are rather scarce and
difficult to procure. This, however, should
not excuse our nurserymen from having
them, even if they should have to keep
their own stock plants to propagate from.

By using such shrubs for the planting out
of their own yards and buildings, they
W'ould give, also, an object lesson to pro-
spective customers.

The most common and most widely dis-
tributed shrub is the meadowrose. It is,
at the same time, one of the best all around
shrubs. It thrives in either sunny or
shady exposures, and in almost pure sand,
but. of course, it also responds to good
treatment. In June and July it is loaded
w'ith pink blossoms two to two and one-
half inches in diameter, and later in the
season, and even in the winter, adds a
touch of color to the landscape with its
abundant crop of rose-hips and its red
twigs.

Another shrub for winter effect is the
redtwigged dogwood, found in low and
moist places, also helping consideralfly to
brighten up the sombre aspect of our tam-
arack swamps in the winter time. It
adapts itself to any kind of soil, if not too
dry, and is often used for hedges, but
there is other material better adapted to
this purpose. It is valuable in the shrub-
bery planting and blooms most all sum-
mer. Before the last of the flowers have
disappeared, the white berries already add
to its decorativeness.

Almost identical, but of a more upright
growth, is Bailey’s dogwood.

More stately and bold in appearance,
and of a very distinct habit, is the alter-
nate-leaved dogwood. Its branches are ar-
ranged in irregular whorls, forming flat,
horizontally - spreading tiers, especially
noticeable in winter time. It is equally at-
tractive, with its white blossoms, and, later
on, with its metallic blue berries.

A lower grower, and already, for this
particular reason, a valuable shrub, is the
panicled, or gray dogwood, a well shaped
shrub, with good healthy foliage. It
thrives in both sunny and shady position,
is a prolific bloomer and fruit bearer, and
its white or bluish-white berries are born
on red stems, forming a rather pretty con-
trast.

Further, we have the silky dogwood,
with purple branches and dark blue berries,
and the round or big leaved dogwood,
with light blue berries on light purplish,
brown or spotted twigs.

The family of the viburnums furnishes
us with a considerable number of fine
shrubs, as. for instance, the well-known

*— ■)

/ o

Their Uses

Highbush-Cranberry, with its pretty white
flowers, its hrilliant red fruit, and its gor-
geous fall coloring.

The sheep or nannyberry, and the
black haw, two similar kinds ; the former
distinguishes itself by its larger size, larger

HIGH BT'SH CRANBERRY.

leaves, and longer pointed end buds, from
the latter. They are among the most con-
spicuous shrubs when in bloom. The shiny
leaves take on a beautiful color in the fall,
and at the same time the bushes are loaded
with bunches of big bluish-l)lack berries.

The Withe Rod has flowers and fruit
almost like those of the preceding species,
and is even more useful, being a lower
grower. The same is true about the
dockmackie or pursh. It grows in abund-
ance wherever it has a chance, but is sel-
dom offered in the trade.

Less conspicuous for their fall coloring,
but more so for their fruit and general ap-
pearance, are the arrow-wood, big arrow-
wood and hobble bush.

Our earliest flowering shrub in the
spring is the redberried elder. In fact, it
is so early that it suffers from heavy spring
frosts occasionally, to the detriment of
the otherwise profuse crop of red showy
berries, which ripen in June. The com-
mon elder blooms during the summer and
fall months, and its immense bunches of
shiny black berries can often be seen, to-
gether with late flowers, at the same time
and on the same bush.

Probably the most conspicuous and pop-
ular ornamental shrub when in fruit is the
wahoo or burning bush. In fact, it is so
attractive, that it is just as apt to be torn
to pieces for its fru’t as the lilac hu.-h for

PARK AND C E M ET E R Y.

/4

its flowers, by children or by thoughtless
and ignorant grownups. The brilliant hue
it attains in the fall is responsible for its
name.

The huffaloherry, also, is of a striking
appearance, with its fine silvery foliage
and its numerous small, orange-colored,
edible, hut rather acid, fuit. So is the
black alder, winterberry, or deciduous
holly, with its load of orange red berries.
Their flowers are inconspicuous.

Among shrubs that are handsome, both
when in flower and in fruit, is the haw-
thorn or thornapple, with its abundance
of decorative fruit, which is mostly red ;
hut a yellow fruited one is fairly common
in this vicinity.

The juneherry, with its snow white blos-
soms, silvery young foliage, and edible
fruit, blooms at the same time as some of
our small flowering trees, like the sand-
cherry chokecherry, black cherry, pin
cherry and the wild plum. The wild plum
is somewhat later.

Two of the best shrubs, comparatively
little known, are the black chokeben y
and the red chokeberry. They have very
pretty flowers and red or black berries,
respectively. Both would be worthy of the
name “burning bush," with regard to their
fall coloring.

Two summer flowering shrubs are the
white flowering meadowsweet and the pink
flowering hardback, the latter being par-
ticularly desirable on account of its pink
flowers, most of the wild shrubs blooming
white.

A valuable shrub for general planting is
the prickly ash, with its graceful shiny
leaves and its spicy-smelling decorative
seed. It is, next to the above mentioned
hawthorn, one of our best defensive hedge
plants.

The common staghorn sumac, that
lights up our countryside as with fire in

the fall months, is too well known to need
description.

Less known are the hoptree or wafer-
ash, with big leathery leaves and curious
bunches of seed, the false indigo with it.s
racemes of blue flowers and finely cut
foliage, to be found along our lake shores,
and the button bush, with its cream white
flower buttons and its healthy shiny leaves.

A shrub fairly hardy here, but not native
any closer to us than Pennsylvania, is the
white fringe. It is so handsome that I
will include it here, and thereby maybe
boost its dissemination. Its foliage is
Imoad and heavy, the whole plant closel\'
resembling the Himalayan lilac. Its flow-
ers resemble wbisps of finely cut pure
white paper, and, also, its shiny dark blue
fruit is very decorative.

Wherever there is room for any under-
growth in the woods, or in a neglected
pasture, we find the hazelnut, probably
only conspicuous in its- fall coat. The
same is true of the witchhazel, except that
the latter is more interesting on account
of its flowers appearing late in the fall
and hanging on long after the leaves have
dropped off, and, its seed not ripening
until the next season.

The ninebark is a big wide-spreadin.g
shrub with pinkish-white flowers and red-
dish bunches of seed. It is useful for all
kinds of plantings where it may have lots
of space to develop.

The western fly honeysuckle and the
American bladdernut are two more shrubs
that are not as plentiful in the trade as
they deserve to be.

The shrubs mentioned so far are most-
ly tall growers, say from four to thirty
feet, but the following few may be used
where lower ones are needed :

The snowberry, the Indian currant or
coral berrj', the w'olf sherry, the scrubby
cinquefoil, showing its numerous bright

yellow flowers all summer, the wild black
currant, and the wild gooseberry. The
wild honeysuckle, with its small yellow
flowers, to be found in the densest woods
and also in open spaces, reaching a height
of from twelve to eighteen inches only.
Then, there is the leadplant, for hot grav-
ely soil, and last but not least the New
Jersey tea, which lights up whole hill-
sides with its pale lilac-blue flowers. It
will thrive anywhere and can stand to be
mowed and burnt down every year with
impunity.

Two shrubs that are really natives of
Europe but have escaped cultivation, and
are to be found growing wild here, can,
on tbe strength of that, be used in wild
plantings ; tbe common barberry and the
the buckthorn, both of them also making
good hedge plants.

A few shrubby native vines are the
Virginia creeper, the bittersweet, with
white flowers and a profusion of orange
colored berries, the wild clematis or vir-
ginsbower, the Glaucus honeysuckle, the
catbriar, and the wild grape.

We have here enumerated about fifty
kinds of shrubs, a half dozen shiubby
vines, and a half dozen small flowering
trees, native to ours and our surrounding
states : to be sure, a goodly number to
select from for a small planting and
enougb varieties for a big one, if they are
all used.

Now, of course, with this I do not mean
that horticultural shrubs or natives of
other countries should not be planted Far
from it. They all ha\e their uses, espe-
cially on city lawns and in city parks, bur
what I do mean to say is that shrubs like
hydrangea and Van Houttei spiraeas,
planted along a woodland drive, would
clash with their surroundings and look
hopelessly out of place, while our native
shrubs are appropriate anywhere and no-
where out of place.

Blasting for Ornamental Landscape IV ork

There are many practical possibilities in
ti:e use of explosives in progressive park
and cemetery landscape gardening. We
need not present the indispensable uses for
dynamite. They are always as obvious as
tbe obstacles to be overcome. In the re-
moval of an immense boulder, the vertical
drainage of a pond, or the straightening
of a sizable stream, the decision for dyna-
mite is inherent in the difficulty itself.
Many other conditions exist in which ex-
plosives may be efficiently employed.

It is under the class of economical uses
that the landscape gardener and park en-
gineer are first offered a choice between
explosives and the spade ; and the ten-
dency is to let the explosive do a con-
stantly increasing share of the work. If
there are any stumps on the land which
is to be laid out or beautified, they may
be blown out and split up with dynamite

in one operation, and at a saving of time,
expense and outlay for equipment over
any other method. Another saving is ac-
complished by breaking up any large rocks
or boulders with dynamite, instead of by
sledge and wedge.

The economy of dynamite is apparent in
drainage of every character, from the
blasting of hardpan for underground re-
lief to the digging of ditches for surface
drainage. In no place is the saving so
obvious and the results so impressive as
in blasting ditches through wet or swampy
ground by the propagation method. There
the actual time and labor required to com-
plete a ditch of any dimensions is no
more than is necessar}' to punch, load and
tamp the requisite number of holes under
the very easiest conditions, only the center,
or an occasional charge being primed, the
detonating force being communicated to

all the others through the saturated soil.
It is not unusual, by this method, to com-
plete an entire ditch at a single blast.

In dry ditcb digging, as in the removal
of earth and rock generally, dynamite
eliminates or assists labor that is increas-
ingly harder to obtain and costlier to em-
ploy. Wherever roads are built through
parks or cemeteries dynamite makes many
economies possible both in the construc-
tion of the road bed and in the prepara-
tion of material for its surface. It offers
an excellent control of erosion by terrac-
ing, and by vertical drainage through a
shattered subsoil. It is a successful
method to employ in filling in and elim-
inating gullies by blasting down their sides.

In fact, the land engineer can scarcely
attempt any work, at any season, when
the correct use of explosives is not eco-
nomical ; and when work is undertaken ii''

PARK AND CEMETERY.

the winter, or before the ground has thor-
oughly thawed in the spring, the use of
explosives is sometimes indispensable.

In cemeteries where the ground freezes
to considerable depths in the winter it is
a common practice to open graves by
loosening the earth with small charges of
dynamite; and it often becomes necessary
to bore into and break up a stone or
boulder with dynamite in order to com-
plete a grave. Considerable quantities are
sometimes employed in excavating for the
foundations of mausoleums and large
monuments.

One of the most advantageous uses of
dynamite in park or cemetery is in tree
planting. Too much attention can hardly
he given this subject, as the life and de-
velopment of these trees largely depends
upon how carelessly or considerately they
are planted.

Dynamite prepares an ideal home for
the tree roots which no amount of care
could accomplish with the spade. If the
initial cost of dynamiting is greater in
seme cases this is said to lie offset by a
comparison of the results. It is reported
that from 9o per cent to 100 per cent of
trees planted with dynamite will live.

Another great advantage lies in earlier
maturity, for whether a tree is to produce
fruit, nuts, or merely shade it is essential
that it bear its crop as soon and as abun-
dantly as possible.

Testimony from nurserymen, orchard-
ists and other careful observers is said to
show that trees set in dynamited holes will
aver?ge five year's growth in three years:
that they come to maturity much earlier ;
are proportionately more vigorous, hardy,
fruitful and free from disease, and will
obtain a final growth of from one-third to
one-half more. Also, and this is especially
important with ornamental and shade
trees, the foliage is greener and larger,
and is not so likely to wither in extremely
dry seasons.

The causes for this better growth when
trees are planted in blasted holes are well
understood. The shattering effect of the
explosive breaks the hardpan and mellows
the ground to a depth of five or six feet
and throughout an area ten to twenty feet
in diameter. It creates a porous, water
absorbing condition in the subsoil, which
becomes a reservoir for moisture and
makes the tree drought proof, stopping the
big, first year loss. It assists root growth
and makes tons of new plant food avail-
able per acre. It creates drainage, pre-
vents stagnation of surface water, and
keeps the soil aerated, destroying fungous
and other soil diseases.

All this is effected by simple methods,
with an average charge of one-half stick of
dynamite per hole, at an ordinary cost of
about eight cents, fuse and blasting cap in-
cluded. It is of general advantage, ex-
cepting in very deep, sandy soils where
the maximum porosity already exists.

It is best to blast for tree planting in
the late summer when the subsoil is in a

dry condition; but blasting for spring
planting, although the subsoil is apt to be
wet or damp, is claimed to be better than
planting in dug holes. It should be done
as far in advance of planting as possible,
to get the effect of air and sunlight in the
holes.

The depth for blasting in ordinary soils
is usually from thirty to thirty-six inches.
The charge should be placed towards the
Ijottom of the hardpan so that the entire
layer may be pulverized. If placed under
the hardpan the blast will tend to raise
the hardpan in chunks rather than to
shatter it. Where the subsoil is of hard-
pan or tight clay and is too deep to blast
through, relief is obtained by pulverizing
several feet of the top, which will be suf-
ficient to store moisture and furnish room
for an ample root development. The ex-
act nature and depth of the subsoil should
be known in order that the explosive may
he used to the very best advantage. There
is no better way than to go dowm four
feet or more with a good dirt auger or
with a spade.

The bore holes for loading should be
driven with a sledge and pointed bar, or
punch, of round or octagon steel, not un-
der three feet in length and 1^2 inches in
diameter. A soil auger is also satisfactory,
but slow'. A heavy crowbar can be used
to good advantage if necessary.

The charge is prepared by crimping a
No. ti blasting cap on the end of a piece
of fuse as long as the hole is deep, using
a cap crimper for that purpose. This cap
with fuse attached is then inserted in the
explosive and securely tied to it. The
charge is then started into the hole and
pressed gently to the bottom with a wooden
tamping stick, when four or five inches of
loose dirt are poured on top of it and
lightly tamped down. Afore dirt is then
poured in and tamped more firmly, when,
if the explosive is now covered wtih sev-
eral inches of lightly packed soil for pro-
tection, the rest of the hole should be
alternately fed and tamped until it is quite
filled with earth that is as hard and tight
as possible.

The next operation is to light the fuse
and retire some fifty or sixty feet. If the
loading is properly done, and at a suffi-
cient depth, no soil will he thrown into the
air, but a dull thud wdll be heard and the
earth will appear cracked at the surface.

If the trees are not to be planted for
some time the holes are now left without
further attention, unless it is desired to
add some manure or fertilizer to be dif-
fused through the soil, or lime in the case
of sticky sour soils.

When the trees are to be planted, shovel
out the hole and locate the cavity that is
usually sprung at the bottom of it. Fill
this with tamped soil to prevent subse-
quent settling of the tree; then fill the
hole to the level it is desired to set the
tree, being careful to keep the soil well
tamped. Set the tree with its roots in as

near their original position as possible and
pack them with the top soil from the hole.

In transplanting large ornamental or
shade trees where the great expense in-
volved makes it especially desirable to in-
sure their life and vigor, the results ob-
tained when the new ground is prepared
for their roots by dynamiting are very
beneficial. The holes should be first dug
to the required depth and size, say eight
feet in diameter and four feet deep for a
tree thirty feet high, and in the center of
each hole, at a depth of from two and
a half to four feet, a full stick of blasting
powder, well tamped, should be exploded.

In older parks and cemeteries trees that
are stunted or failing, may sometimes be
rejuvenated and saved by exploding half-
stick charges of explosives a few feet
away from each tree and on all sides of it
The effect will always be to allow the
roots to penetrate to greater stores of
moisture and nourishment. Whole rows of
trees can be treated in the- same way by
placing blasts midway between the rows.

Work of this nature can be carried on
in the very heart of a city with no danger
to life or property whatever when careful
methods are followed. To be most effect-
ive there should be very little surface dis-
turbance. As a precaution in closely popu-
lated districts a blasting mat, woven of
heavy wire or fibre rope, should he ob-
tained and placed over each hole before
firing.

The necessary supplies of dynamite,
blasting caps and fuse are usually obtain-
able anywhere.

Personal

J. J. Levison, AI. F., announces that he
has resigned as forester to the City of New
York and as arboriculturist to the City of
Brooklyn and that he will now devote his
entire time to private practice as consult-
ing landscape forester and arboriculturist.
Mr. Levison is a graduate of Yale Uni-
versity Forestry Department, was former-
ly associated with the U. S. Forest Service
under Gifford Pinchot, and during the past
eleven years has been the forester in
charge of the trees in the parks and streets
of the Borough of Brooklyn and for part
of the time also of Queens, in the City of
New York. He has written extensively
on the subject of trees and their care, is
author of “Studies of Trees,’ etc., and his
technical advice has been sought by many
cities throughout the country. He is staff
lecturer on ornamental and shade trees in
the Forestry Department at Yale Univer-
sity and at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences. He lectures for the New
York Board of Education, etc. He is for-
ester for the American Association for the
Planting and Preservation of City Trees
and was formerly secretary of the Ameri-
can Association of Park Superintendents.
He is also secretary of the Academy of
Arborists and forester to the City of New
York.

76

PARK AND C EM ETER Y.

Park Development in Seattle

HOIISE-SHO?: CI’RVE OF FPJNK BOULEVARD IN COLMAN PARK.

To even a casual observer it is apparent
that Seattle has made wonderful progress
in the development of its parks, plaj’-
grounds and boulevards.

Seattle has, within the last ten years,
appropriated five million dollars of public
funds for parks, playgrounds and boule-
vards and made remarkably intelligent de-
velopment of its wonderful natural re-
sources. Nature has blessed Seattle with
a magnificent setting. With Puget Sound,
an arm of the Pacific, forming the western
boundary of the city. Lake Washington, a
lieautiful body of water thirty miles in
length as its eastern boundary, w’ith the
Olympic Mountains across the sound to
the west and the Cascade Range across
the lake to the east, the city rising on a
series of hills between the Sound and lake,
with two large lakes. Lake Union and
Green Lake, within the city itself, there
is little more that could be wished in the
way of natural scenic attractions.

The first step in park development was
to secure a comprehensive development
plan, and with this end in view Landscape
Architect John C. Olmsted was employed
and “The Olmsted Plan’’ was officially
adopted.

The next step was to place the Park
Department upon a sound footing so that
the development work might be carried
forward systematically and efficiently. .At
that time (1904) Seattle w’as in the un-
fortunate position that even today many
American cities are in, that of having its
park work a part of the regular city ad-
ministration, subject to the will of City
Council in the matter of revenue and ex-
penditure.

Naturally, then, the citizens w'ho had in
mind a great park system resolved that
this condition of affairs must be changed
and that with a comprehensive plan

adopted, the Park Board must cease to be
a nonentity and become a real working
body with independent power and re-
sources.

This was brought about Isy a sweeping
amendment to the city charter in 1994.
The emancipation of the Park Commission
by this charter amendment at once had
its effect, and during 1904 and lOO.) the ex-
isting park system was made worthy of
the name.

To provide for land acquisition, a spe-
cial bond issue of $500, 0(10 w'as submitted
to a vote of the people of lOOO and w’as
authorized. With this money new prop-
erties were acquired and considerable de- .
velopment work accomplished in 1907, and
in order that this might continue, in 1908
a bond issue of $l,000,00o was submitted
to a vote and the people ratified this issue.
This sum gave the board an opportunity
to make a showing in the way of boule-

vard construction and the installation of
playgrounds.

Demands came from all sections of the
city for the rapid carrying out of the
Olmsted plan, and in 1910 the board out-
lined a very amlritious schedule of acqui-
sitions and improvements asking the peo-
ple to vote a bond issue of $2,()(l(),0iiU. By
a sweeping majority the money was vot-
ed and the past five years have marked a
greater period of extension and improve-
ment than in all previous years combined.
At the election of March, 1912, an addi-
tional $500,00(1 was voted to carry forward
a number of very extensive improvement
projects now under way, making a total of
four million dollars of bonds which have
been voted for park e.xtension within the
last ten years. In 1904, when the change
of affairs occurred, the city owned si.x park
tracts, but three of which were improved,
no playgrounds whatever and not one foot
of boulevard.

Today there are thirty-eight improved
parks, ranging in size from five to two
hundred acres. The policy has been to
provide numerous small neighborhood or
community parks in preference to a few
large parks, and a feature of the Olm-
sted plan is to provide a park or play-
ground within a half mile of e\ery home
in the city.

In the matter of boulevards, the plan
provides for a fifty-mile chain of drives,
skirting the shores of our lakes or fol-
lowing the high ridges overlooking the
w'ater and mountains, practically belting
the city and connecting many of our parks.
Thirty-one miles of this scenic driveway
have been improved, working systematical-
ly away from the center of the city^ and
extensions at either end are in course of
construction at this time.

Playgrounds have been given generous
attention. The city owns twenty-four play-

VOLUNTEER PARK SEEN FROM WATER TOW'ER. SEATTLE.

PAR K AND C EM ETER

grounds, ranging in size from a city block
to thirty acres in area. Twelve of these
playgrounds have been substantially im-
proved with modern outdoor gymnasium
equipment of steel and other recreation fa-
cilities of a modern play field, and men and
women supervisors are in charge from
May until October of each year. Four of
the playgrounds are provided with recrea-
tion buildings or field houses, making pos-
sible all year round work.

Another recreation feature, not pos-
sessed by many cities, is Alki Point Bath-
ing Beach, comprising a half mile of salt
water frontage on the entrance to the
harbor, the only municipally owned bath-
ing beach on the Pacific Coast.

The entire water frontage of Green
Lake is park property, including a con-
siderable tract of land at the north end
of the lake purchased from the electric
compan}'. Inasmuch as a street railway
line and public highway follow closely the
shore line nearly the entire distance around
the lake, Mr. Olmsted in making his im-
provement plan provided for a new shore
line out in the lake a considerable dis-
tance from the old shore line in many in-
stances. the area between to be filled and
used as a park. The result of this plan
will be to make Green Lake a lake within
a park, the shore frontage thus created
amounting to eighty-nine acres. Develop-
ment work on the project is progressing
slowly, the dike on the new shore line
having been completed and a dredger is
now engaged in pumping mud from the
lake and filling the area between the dike
and the old shore line. This is the most
pretentious improvement which the de-
partment has in hand, and when finally
completed Green Lake and Parkway will
be a unique park feature.

Seward Park, a magnificent natural
park extending into Lake Washington
from the southeastern section of the
city, is the most extensive and most
expensive subdivision of the park sys-
tem. It retains its original growth of
virgin timber and vegetation, and can
be converted into a unique and beau-
tiful natural park. At present it is
practically inaccessible except by water,
but the extension of the Lake Washing-
ton Boulevard, along the lake shore from
Mt. Baker Park, will overcome this dif-
ficulty. No improvement work has been
done aside from the opening up of trails
so that picnickers and pedestrians may get
about. An elaborate plan for the improve-
ment of this park has been prepared by
Olmsted Brothers, which will call for sub-
stantial appropriation in a future bond is-
sue.

Volunteer Park is considered as the
downtown park of the system on account
of being the closest park of any size to the
hotel and business district. For this rea-
son it was desired that it should present
a metropolitan appearance, and very ex-
tensive formal improvements have been
made. The park occupies the highest van-

/ /

MT. RAINIEll, LAKE WASHINGTON BOHLEVARD, MT. BAKER PARK.

tage ground in the city, with a magnificent
panoramic view of Lake Washington and
the Cascades to the east, the Sound and
the Olympics to the west, and sectional
views of the city to the north and south.
The high service reservoir and standpipe
of the Water Department are within the
park, but blend so nicely wdth the park
improvements as to be an attraction rather
than a detriment. The standpipe has been
encased with an outer wall of clinker
brick, with a winding stairway extending
to the top, which has been arranged in-
side as a public observatory, and being the
highest point in the city, the lake, moun-
tains, Sound and landscape view is incom-
parable. Surrounding the reservoir, law'ns.
slope plantations and formal gardens have
I'een developed. A series of macadam
drives 4,750 feet in length have Ijeen com-
pleted within the park, two lily ponds and
a large children's wading pool have been
constructed, also a Children's Shelter and
Comfort Station and a combination Per-
gola, Music Pavilion and Comfort Sta-
tion.

Lake Washington Boulevard extends
along the lake shore from Colman Park
at the foot of Holgate Street to Dodge’s
Point at Court Street. With the magnifi-
cent water and mountain view on the one
side and the wooded slopes of Mt. Baker
Park on the other side, this is the most
attractive section of the entire boulevard
system. A rip-rap sea wall 6,100 feet in
length extends along the shore line, paral-
leled by a cement walk for pedestrians,
then a parking strip and line of trees, then
a metalled roadway for vehicles extending

to the wooded slopes, which form a shaded
retreat for picnickers.

During lOLJ the lakeshore right-of-way
from. Mt. Baker to Seward Park was ac-
quired. A trestle bridge feet in

length was constructed from the Mt. Baker
terminus to a connection with a plank
road that affords a temporary route to
Seward Park. The permanent boulevard
will occupy the shore line, but inasmuch
as the lowering of the lake in connection
with the construction of the Lake Wash-
ington Canal changed conditions mate-
rially, construction was deferred until the
lake was lowered.. This work will be done
during 1917.

Superintendent J. W. Thompson reports
that no new areas were added to the sys-
tem during the year, and no new projects
of any magnitude undertaken, by reason
of the fact that extension funds from the
proceeds of park bond issues have been
expended, with the exception of an ap-
propriation for the extension of the Lake
Washington parkway from Mt. Baker to
Seward Park mentioned above.

The problem of the year was, there-
fore, to conserve as much of a margin
as possible, over and above maintenance
expense, from the annual income from the
tax levy, etc., to use for improvement
work. The revenue for the year from all
sources aggregated $242,.572.6l>, and by ex-
ercising every possible economy, without
decreasing efficiency, maintenance was held
down to a total of $191,256.54, leaving a
margin of $51,316.06 for improvements
over the entire system and for emergency
surplus.

Contract for Credit Lot Sale

Editor P.\RK AND Cemetery: We have
been interested in the discussion recently
carried on in “Park and Cemetery” and are
enclosing a copy of our agreement of sale
on credit.

We find that the 8 per cent charge above
the cash price of lots works out as a very

reasonable price for the accommodation,
and we also find that purchasers make an
effort to anticipate payments in order to
save this interest charge.

Our counsel informs us that an agree-
ment similar to this was upheld by the
Supreme Court of Massachusetts in Green

78

PARK AND C EM ETER V.

vs. Danahy, decided February 11, 1916.

W. C. Moulton,
Clerk and Treasurer Pittsfield
Cemetery.

Pittsfield, Mass.

Following is a copy of the agreement of
sale of Pittsfield Cemetery :

This Agreement, made in duplicate this
day of , 19 — , between the Pro-
prietors of the Pittsfield Cemetery, a cor-
poration of Pittsfield, Massachusetts (here-
inafter called the Proprietors), and

of (Address) (hereinafter called

the Applicant).

Witnesseth : That in consideration of the
mutual matters herein contained, the Pro-
prietors permit and license the Applicant
to bury in the lot of its cemetery herein-
after by number described, according to
the terms hereof and to the rules and reg-
ulations of the Proprietors now existing
which the Applicant has read and assents
to and all future rules and regulations
made by the Proprietors for the conduct
of the cemetery.

It is expressly understood by tbe parties
hereto that tins agreement is not a convey-
ance of real estate, nor does it confer upon
the Applicant any right to sell or transfer
the lot herein described, but is merely a
license to bury subject to the removal by
the Proprietors of any body or bodies upon
default of the Applicant as hereinafter pro-
vided.

Subject to the foregoing provisions, the
Proprietors agree to sell and the Applicant
agrees to purchase the use of the burial lot
situated in the Pittsfield Cemetery known
and distinguished on the map of said ceme-
tery as No. in Section, which lot

contains approximately square feet

of land, for the sum of Dollars

($ ), which sum the Applicant agrees

to pay the Proprietors as follows :

h'irst. 10 per cent of said purchase price
at or within ten days from the date of this
agreement.

Second. F) per cent of said purchase
price on the calendar quarter day, namely,
the first of January, April, July, or October,
occurring next hereafter, with 8 per cent
interest thereon from the date of this
agreement until said sum is fully paid.

Third. Three months after the 15 per
cent payment above provided for the Ap-
plicant will pay 25 per cent of said pur-
chase price, with interest thereon at the
rate of 8 per cent per annum from the date
of this agreement until fully paid.

Fourth, Three months after the said 25
per cent payment the Applicant will pay
another 25 per cent of said purchase price,
with interest thereon at the rate of 8 per
cent per annum from the date of this
agreement until fully paid.

Fifth. Three months after the payment
provided for in the last preceding para-
graph the Applicant will pay 25 per cent of
said purchase price with interest thereon
at the rate of 8 per cent per annum from
the date of this agreement until fully paid.

And the Proprietors, upon receiving such

sums at the times and in the manner speci-
fied, shall execute and deliver, in the form
adopted by the Proprietors, a deed of said
lot to the Applicant, who shall then become
the owner thereof.

It is agreed that upon the execution
hereof one (1) burial can be made in said
lot and that no other or further interment
shall be made in said lot, unless all install-
ments then due with interest due thereon
shall have been fully paid, and all other
claims of tbe said Proprietors then ma-
tured shall have been liquidated.

■And tbe Applicant agrees that no foun-
dation or monumental work shall lie erect-
ed in or upon said lot until after the final
payment shall have been fully made and a
deed properly executed and recorded upon
the books of the Proprietors: but it is
agreed that should the Applicant so desire,
all payments may be anticipated and paid
at any time in advance and the Proprie-
tors will then execute a deed to the Appli-
cant.

To enable the Proprietors to maintain
and beautify its cemetery as a whole and
to encourage the wise and uniform service
of the public in every proper manner, it
is understood and agreed that time is and
shall be considered as of the essence of
this agreement, and in case of default in
any payment hereunder upon the date here-
after provided for, the license to bury in
said lot is and shall thereby immediately
be revoked and terminated, and the Propri-
etors shall have the right and privilege to
terminate this agreement of sale and pur-
chase by giving the Applicant written no-
tice of such cancellation by mailing the
same to his address as hereinbefore given,
and the Proprietors may cause any body
or bodies which are buried on said lot to
be removed to some other location in said
cemetery. The Applicant does hereby agree
tbereupon to hold the Proprietors harm-
less from any liability for such removal

Grave Frame for

Every cemetery superintendent is fa-
miliar with the awkward and often trying
situations that develop at the graveside in

GltAVE FRAME IN USE.

and relinquishes all right or interest in
said lot, agreeing that any amount paid by
the Applicant on the purchase price of said
lot shall be applied to pay the expense of
such removal and any other expenses here-
in provided for, and the balance, if any,
returned to the Applicant.

Nothing herein contained, however, shall
be construed to limit or restrict the right
of the Proprietors to enforce and collect
by suit or otherwise all sums agreed to be
paid hereunder in case the Proprietors do
not elect to terminate this agreement of
sale and purchase upon default by the Ap-
plicant hereunder as hereinbefore provid-
ed, and the Proprietors may, upon the Ap-
plicant’s default in this agreement, con-
tinue same as an agreement of purchase
and sale and may, at the additional ex-
pense of the Applicant, do all work and
grading necessary to make the said lot con-
form to the general planting and land-
scape plan of this portion of the cemetery,
and collect the said purchase price instal-
ments and interest as above provided for,
together with interest at the rate of 8 per
cent per annum on each installment from
the date when same becomes due.

In ^Vitness Whereof, the said The Pro-
prietors of the Pittsfield Cemetery has
hereunto affixed its corporate seal and
caused these presents to be executed by
its proper officers and the Applicant has

hereunto set hand and seal the day

and year first above written.

The Proprietors of the Pittsfield
Cemetery,

By

Treasurer.

Superintendent.

Witness :

Witness :

Use at Intermennt

the management of the pallbearers and the
handling of the casket, and any device or
method that will alleviate the tension to
all concerned will be welcomed by both
cemetery officials and undertakers.

The work of the pallbearers is especial-
ly difficult when they are approaching the
graveside and placing the casket in posi-
tion.

J. A. Wendorph, superintendent of Rose-
land Park Cemetery, Birmingham, Mich.,
has made the handling of the casket easier
by the use of a frame of his own construc-
tion, raised above the grave to receive the
casket. The frame is made 16 inches high,
the exact size of the grave, and is made
wide enough to set the lowering device on.
This brings the device about the right
height from the ground to easily carry the
casket over it, and deposit it on the web-
bing of the device. This enables the bear-

ers to walk upright and prevents them
from pulling apart when they approach the
grave.

Hooks may be attached underneath the
top board of the frame on which to fas-
ten the grave lining. The frame should he
painted green or some other appropriate
color and is not at all unsightly ; in fact,
those who have seen it in use say that it
looks better than when the lowering device
is set on the ground.

The Ohio Association of Cemetery Su-
perintendents and Officials will hold its
annual meeting at St. Marys, Ohio, June
'20 and 21.

Sessions will be held in the chapel of
Elm Grove Cemetery, and a very interest-
ing program has been arranged.

Following is an outline of the program :

Wednesday, June 20 — Meeting called to
order, 1 p. m.. Cemetery Chapel, Elm
Grove Cemetery.

Prayer, Rev. F. H. Rupnow, St. Paul's
Church.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

It may be noted in our illustration that
the frame is not any wider than the device
and stands 18 inches high to the webbing.
The bearers are therefore not obliged
to lower or raise the casket. The dimen-
sions of the frame will of course depend
on the lowering device used. Mr. Wen-
dorph will be glad to give any further in-
formation regarding the construction or
use of the frame.

.“Address of welcome, J. L. Sullivan, St.
Mark's.

Response to welcome, J. C. Cline, Dayton.

President's address, L. L. Cline, Dayton.

Reading of secretary's report; communi-
cations: payment of dues.

Paper, “Cemetery Roads,” S. J. Parrott,
Ferncliff Cemetery, Springfield.

Discussion.

4 p. m, — Take automobile ride, closing
at the Country Club where supper will be
served.

.After supper — Paper on Perpetual Care,

79

while seated at the table, H. A. Church,
Urbana.

Discussion of same; appointments of
committees.

Thursday, June 21 — Meeting called to
order <) a. m. at Cemetery Chapel.

Paper, “Treating and Trimming of
Trees," George Glass, Westside Cemetery,
Middletown.

Discussion.

Paper, “Community Mausoleum,’ David
Grinton, Oakgrove Cemetery, Delaware.

Discussion.

Paper, “What I Have Learned by At-
tending the State Conventions,’’ O. C.
Kennedy, Van Wert.

Adjournment for lunch.

Thursday afternoon — Meeting called to
order 1 p. m.

Talk on Road Building of Tarvia by a
representative of The Barrett Company of
Cleveland.

Discussion; question bo.x ; election of
officers; new business; reports of com-
mittees ; thoughts for the good of the Asso-
ciation; adjournment and good-byes.

E. A. Sloan, of Marion, is secretary-
treasurer of the association.

Ohio Cemetery Association Convention

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions which will be an-
swered by an attorney without charge. A L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney

Widow's Right to Disinter Re-
mains

“Never the grave gives back what it has
won.’’ — Schiller.

^ ^

From Pennsylvania comes the inquiry :
“On the death of her husband, Mrs. A.
purchases a lot, pays for it, and obtains a
deed giving her, her heirs and family the
right of burial therein, subject to rules and
regulations. His remains are interred in
the lot. He leaves one married son and
two daughters. Subsequently the son dies,
leaving a widow and two children, and is
buried in the lot mentioned. Mrs. B.,
widow of this son, now desires to ootain
another lot and transfer the remains of
her husband to it. Who, under the law of
this state, or a statute of the United States,
has the legal authority over the body of
the husband of Mrs. B., buried in his
mother's lot? Can the management of the
cemetery, upon receiving authority from
Mrs. B., enter upon the lot of Mrs. A.
and disinter the remains of B., and reinter
them in his widow's lot, without his
mother’s consent?" — J. P., Pa.

Under the court decisions bearing on the
subject, T am of the opinion that the re-
interment cannot be made without the
mother’s consent, unless it appears that
the interment in her lot was understood
by all persons concerned as being merely
temporary.

Mrs. B., as widow of her husband, had
the right to designate the place for his

Inirial in the first instance, but, having e.x-
ercised that right by consenting to burial
in his mother’s lot, she cannot now change
her mind, and cause reinterment to the
grief of her husband's relatives.

The decision of a Pennsylvania court
in a very similar case is a leading judicial
authority on this question — Fox vs. Gor-
don, 1() Philadelphia Reports, 185. The
only difference between that case and this
lies in the fact that there a husband sought
to remove the remains of his wife and
daughter from his father-in-law's lot,
where they had been interred with the
husband’s consent, whereas here it is a
wife who desires to remove her husband’s
remains from his mother's lot — a differ-
ence in facts which obviously makes no
difference in legal principle. Denying the
husband’s right to disinter the remains over
the protest of his wife’s relatives, the court
said :

“His right to fix the spot where the re-
mains of his wife and child should rest
has been ( nee exercised, and cannot, after
the lapse of three years, be recalled or
altered, when its effect would be to har-
row up the feelings of others and to dis-
turb unnecessarily the bodies which should
be left to repose in the graves to which
they were consigned with the solemnities
and religious rites which attend the burial
of the dead.”

Another pertinent decision is that of the
Iowa Supreme Court in the case of
Thompson vs. Deeds, Cl Northwestern Re-
porter, 842. There a second wife consent-

ed to interment of her husband’s remains
in a lot owned by his daughter by a first
wife, pursuant to his expressed desire, but
afterwards sought a removal. Denying
her right to disinter, the Iowa court said;

“If the title [to the lot] was held by a
stranger, there might be reason for remov-
-ing the remains of the deceased to a lot,
the title to which was in some member of
the family. Especially so if he was buried
in a lot under the mistaken belief that he
or some member of his family owned it,
when, in fact, it belonged to someone else.
As it is, the owner of the lot being his
daughter, we do not see that there is any
reason for disturbing his remains. He
knew who held the title to this lot, and
more than once, during his lifetime, ex-
pressed a wish that when he died he might
be interred therein, beside the remains of
his first wife. This wish was properly car-
ried out by his last wife, and that ought
to end the matter. A proper appreciation
of the duty we owe to the dead, and a due
regard for the feelings of their friends
who survive, and the promotion of the
public health and welfare all require that
the bodies of the dead should not be ex-
humed, e.xcept under circumstances of ex-
treme exigency. No emergency e.xists in
this case.”— A. L. H. S.

Drainage of Cemetery Lands

"Is it against the law in Iowa to tile
a cemetery if the outlet empties into an
open ditch on the adjoining farm, but not
in a flowing stream?” writes an Iowa sub-

80

P A R K AND C EM ETER

scriber to Park and Ceaikterv. “Can the
farmer tile an injunction against the ceme-
tery corporation, or can he prevent the
outlet being constructed on his premises?’’
— M. H., la.

If any substantial damage is done or
threatened to the property in the proposed
tiling, the farmer is net apt to have much
difficulty in establishing a good cause of
action for injunction and damages.

It is the law that an owner of land must
hear all the disadvantages resulting to him
from the natural flow of surface water
across his land, but he has a clear right
to freedom from injury or annoyance on
account of the diversion of waters from
their natural course by an adjoining owner.
This is true whether the diverted water
has become impregnated by unwholesome
substances or not, but a peculiarly clear
case of right to injunction or damages
would, in my opinion, be made out by
showing that a cemetery company or asso-
ciation has so tiled its land, or threatens
to do so, as to cast underdrainage on
neighboring land.

There appears to be no statute in Iowa
specifically covering the case, nor does the
Supreme Court of the state seem to have
passed on the question, but the decision
of the Illinois Supreme Court very recently
handed down in the case of Sutton vs,
l-'indlay Cemetery Association, 110 North-
eastern Reporter, 315, shows what I regard
as well settled law applicable in any of
the states, so far as concerns the peculiar
dangers to health resulting from casting
cemetery underdrainings on adjacent lands.

Directing issuance of an injunction
against underdraining of cemetery lands
into a branch or ravine, the court held that
an owner of land adjoining a cemetery has
no right to complain of its maintenance
merely Ijecause it is offensive to his es-
thetic sense, but that where underdrainage
from it pollutes a stream from which his
stock derives water, he is entitled to en-
join such drainage.

For the same reasons, an owner of land
wculd have good ground for cause of com-
plaint against any discharge of water into
an open ditch running through his land
where any definite form of injury would
result to him.

It was found in the Illinois case on the
testimony of health experts that water per-
colating through graves before reaching tiles
would carry poisonous or disease germs,
and this was held to afford sufficient ground
for legal relief against the proposed drain-
age. But the court specially decided that
where it is shown that surface waters may
Ije drained into a stream at a point touch-
ing cemetery property, without any form
of injury to dowmstream owners, there is
no right of action, because the owner of
cemetery lands, like the owmer of any other
land, is entitled to drain it into adjacent
rivers, creeks, etc., where the rights of
lower landowners are not thereliy injuri-
ously affected.

But I do not mean to say that a ceme-
tery may not be tiled where it can be done
without ■'any form of injury to an adjoin-
ing landowner. Aly opinion is limited to
the points that no trespass may be com-
mitted upon neighboring land b\' construct-
ing an outlet thereon, or by flooding such
land by discharging w'ater in such manner
that it will flow across the land wdien it
would not do so if left to follow its nat-
ural course, and that wdien there is any
peculiar damage done or threatened to a
landowner liy the discharge upon his land
of water polluted by percolation througli
graves the law affords him redress.

And, as already noted, regardless of any
question of such pollution, the right of
every landowner is such that he will be
protected against injury to his property
through flow of water diverted from its
natural course to his land.

If the proposed drainage cannot be ac-
complished without bringing .injury to the
adjacent farm land, the tiling should not
be done except upon such terms as may
be agreed upon with him.

Thoroughfares Through Ceme-
teries

Editor Legal Department: A golf club
just organized here is opening up their
grounds of 35 acres just beyond the ceme-
tery. There are two approaches from
town to it, neither of which is nearly as
desiralile as it would be through the ceme-
tery. I apprehend this club wdll ask the
privilege of passing through the cemetery,
as the avenue through the cemetery is
much nearer to the golf links and by far
the most beautiful route. The members of
this clul.) are my personal friends and the
very best citizens, so I will be embarrassed
to refuse, especially as they will be lilieral
in helping to keep up this long avenue and
their presence in the cemetery would be de-
sirable except for the fast driving. Then
it would he impracticable to keep less de-
sirable persons from passing through. I
should I e pleased to have your views on
this siil)ject, for pressure may be brought
to bear on me which will be hard to re-
sist.— G. E., Ky.

It seems, cn a reading of the Kentucky
statutes, that the question whether the ave-
nue may be used for the purpose men-
tioned depends wholly upon the consent of
the governing officers of the cemetery com-
pany.

The laws of most, if not all, the states
provide that public roads shall not be con-
demned through l)urial grounds, and Ken-
tucky has a law (Ky. Stat. 1909, sec. 5433),
which reads :

"No road shall be ordered to be opened
or altered through any burying grounds
* * * without the consent of the owner.’’

Now, plainly, no one could compel the
cemetery company in question to permit
use of the avenue as a means of access
to and from the golf links, but there is
nothing to prevent the cemetery company

from granting the permission on such con-
ditions as may be imposed by the govern-
ing board of the company.

Forms of Cemetery Deeds

A Kentucky cemetery superintendent
sends the following form of deed and asks
our ■ advice concerning any desirable
changes that might be made in it :

“General Warranty Deed to Family
Lot in the Cemetery.

"This Deed, made this day of ■,

19 — , liy and between The Ceme-
tery Company of , County,

Kentucky, a corporation duly incorporated
under the laws of Kentucky, party of the

first part, and , of County,

State of , part — of the second part;

'A'Vitnesseth : That the party of the

first part, in consideration of

dollars to it paid by the part — of the sec-
ond part, the receipt of which is hereby
acknowledged, does hereby sell, grant and
convey unto the part — of the second part,
heirs and assigns forever, with cove-
nant of ‘General Warranty,’ the follow-
ing described family burial lot in the

Cemetery, formerly the Odd F'ellows’ Cem-
etery, in and adjoining the town of ,

and in County, Kentucky, to-wit :

Lot No. , located on the

side of avenue, in the part of

said cemetery as delineated on the Register
Map of said cemeterv. The size of said

lot is feet liy feet, more or less,

and is a part of said cemetery, which, with
its anrex, was acquired by said company
from the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, January 14,
1904, and Kate Drane, as of record in deed
bocks No. 48, page 194, and No. 50, page

495. in the clerk’s office of the County

Court,

"But it is expressly understood and
agreed that said lot is never to be used
for any purpose inconsistent with the ob-
ject for which said cemetery has been dedi-
cated, and that said lot shall be subject to
the laws and regulations of said company.

"In Testimony Whereof, The said party
of the first part has caused its corporate
name and seal to be signed and affi.xed
hereto, and the president and secretary
thereof have subscribed their names.’’

Then follows blanks for signatures and
acknowledgment.

* * >1'

Since the particular ' form of deed has
apparently been in use for several years
and uniformity should be adhered to as
closely as possible, I do not see that anv
substantial change in the language of the
deed is desirable.

I would, b.owever, suggest that it would
be a good plan to add after the words,
‘‘subject to the laws and regulations of
said company,’’ the w'ords, “heretofore or
hereafter established.’’ Strictly speaking,
a purchaser of a lot takes subject to all
reasonable regulations adopted after his
purchase, as well as those already in force

PARK AND CEMETERY.

81

at that time, but the suggested change
might avoid controversy should a lot holder
or his attorney refuse to concede the prop-
osition 1 hare just stated concerning the
binding effect of after-established rules.

Since the term "Warranty Deed" and
ether similar expressions commonly used
to indicate absolute property rights are
apt to induce lot holders to believe that
they have fee simple title to the lots, I am
inclined to advise companies and associa-
tions, whenever practicable under the pe-
culiar circum.=tances, to adopt some such
form as this :

"Cemetery Lot Holder's Certificate.

"Whereas, , of , has this

day paid to the undersigned Ceme-
tery Company, of , the sum of

Dollars, for the purchase of the herein-
after described lot situated in the ceme-
tery of said company ;

"Now, Therefore, This Certificate Wit-
nesses : That the said , in considera-

tion of the premises, is the owner, for the

purposes of interment only, of Lot , in

Block , as shown by the plat of said

cemetery, recorded in the office of ,

on the day of , at book ,

page ; sulrject to all laws, rules and

regulations heretofore or hereafter adopt-
ed, pertaining to said cemetery.

"In Witness Whereof, the said

cemetery company has c; used its corporate
name and seal to be signed and affixed
hereto, and the president and secretary
thereof have hereunto subscribed their
names, this day of , 191 —

Here should follow blanks for signa-
tures and for acknowledgment when neces-
sary.

But, as above intimated, it does not
usually make any vital legal difference

whether the instrument be designated and
worded as a deed or as a mere certificate
of lot holding. The law on this point is
well summed up in the following language
used at page 717, 6 Cyc., and supported by
numerous court decisions :

"The purchaser of a lot in a cemetery,
though under a deed absolute in form, does
not take any title to the soil. He acquires
only a privilege or license to make inter-
ments in the lot purchased, exclusively of
others, so long as the ground remains a
cemetery. Such privilege or license is sub-
ject to the police power of the state, in
the exercise of which not only future in-
terments may be prohibited but the re-
mains of persons theretofore buried may
be removed. Therefore, when by lawful
authority the ground ceases to be a place
of burial, a lot holder’s right ceases, except
for the purpose of removing remains pre-
viously buried." — A. L. H. S.

Designing the Monument to Fit the Lot

The various steps in studying out a monument
design to fit a given lot, by J. IV. Wyckoff.

ItiEAS SUGGESTED IN OUTLINING THE FORM OF THE DESIGN.

P.\RK .\Ni) CEMETER^• has prcx iously called
attention to the fact that in the ideal con-
dition of cemetery art every monument
would be designed for its own particular
lot, and every lot selected to give proper
setting to the monument.

Great public monuments are planned in
this way ; beautiful homes and public build-
ings are planned in this way, A cemetery
lot and its monument is just as much of a
problem in artistic development as a pub-
lic monument or a house and lot.

This ideal of having the monument and
its surroundings in carefully studied har-
mony is not by any means a dream, for
there are numbers of instances where it
has been realized to a remarkable degree.

In studying out a design for a given lot,
one should give careful attention to first
principles in order to get the proper start.
It must be remembered that any size or

shape, or any color of stone will not be
suitable for any cemetery lot. Some forms
and some colors will not be at all in keep-
ing with the lot or surrounding structures
or with the form of the landscape which
surrounds the lot. After one has heard the
customer’s views about a suitable monu-
ment for his lot, it is the duty of the de-
signer to visit the lot in question. He
must study the size of the lot first to see
how large a stone would look well there.
He must next determine if the stone should
be a low', massive form like a sarcophagus
or one in which height should predomi-
iiate. There are several points to con-
sider here. If most of the surrounding
monuments are low, he should see at once
that on this lot a higher model would have
added interest by its variety, and yet it
■diould not be so high as to be out of
harmony with surrounding structures. If
'd'l? lot is small, it should suggest a small.

'.'pright type. Where the customer liked
cross memorials, this might give the de-
signer an idea for a "cross" composition.

kiuther thing to consider is whether the
monument should he light or dark in color
effect. If the lot were on a hill where
there w'ere no trees in the background, the
color should be dark. When making this
arrangement, one emphasizes contrast of
color, namely, the dark stone against the
light sky. If the foliage were light, having
numerous willow trees for the background,
it would suggest a dark stone, or if there
were several light colored monuments be-
hind this lot that would serve for a back-
ground, one might still use dark stock.
Supposing the landscape to be dark trees,
as oaks, evergreens, cedars, etc., light stock
would offer contrast to the background ;
if there were dark monuments behind, light
stone would he preferalile.

82

P A R K AND C EM E T ERY.

When style, size and color have been
determined, we must consider contour and
decoration. If there are several very plain
stones nearby, it would be well to make the
new monument decorative, or if the foliage
of the landscape is in a mass and very flat,
a decorative stone should still be consid-
ered for contrast. But if the foliage were
of an open variety, where little patches of
sky show through in places, then the stone
should be very plain, as this would be dec-
orative enough in itself; or if decoration is
used it should be of a different character
than the foliage; for example, if there
were a willow tree behind with the small
branches drooping downward, the lines of
the monument and its decoration should be
horizontal and vertical, which produce con-
trast again. Should the stone be set in
front of an evergreen or cedar tree, the
decoration might be perpendicular. If there
were large oak trees for the background,
the decoration should be more dainty, for
large branches and leaves of an oak have a
feeling of strength and bulk. When there
are small bushes with small, fluttering
leaves for a background, the decoration
must be bold. It would be a hard matter
to fulfill all of these conditions in every
case, but they all have their effect in pro-
ducing a perfect monumental composition.

To illustrate by a concrete example, let
us imagine we are designing a monument
for a medium sized lot where the foliage is
thick and dark and where neighboring
monuments are tall. This situation would
call for a light colored stone of a low,
broad type. Fig. 1 represents the back-
ground with the lot in front. This is the
first work the designer does. He makes a
faithful sketch of the surroundings, so that
the monument may be drawn in its actual
setting. This gives the customer an accu-
rate view of his lot and monument as they
will appear when the stone is set.

Beginning to design the contour of the
stone, its lines should not be similar to
other monuments that are near the lot.
The designer should make observations of
them and if necessary make a few sketches,
so that he may refresh his memory when
designing. It is generally best to study the
form of the die first, because that member
is more important than the pieces under it.

Fig. 2 represents the first lines to rough-
ly outline the die ; they form a rectangle
with more width than height. The first
sketch may look just about what you think
are the proper proportions; if so, add lines
under it and make a base. Fig. 3 ; These
are the foundational lines that in most
cases have to be corrected as one gets
further along with the designing. No
doubt there are monuments near the lot
that have these mechanical lines which are
only cubes of stone. That means you may
want to rearrange the contour. The next
four drawings show sketches to help de-
termine just what contour would be most
suitable.

In Fig. 4 the cube form has been modi-
fied. At Fig. 5 the side lines have been
changed from straight to “S” lines, which
are the most beautiful lines in art. Fig. 6
shows this “S” line, but of less curve than
in Fig. 5. The top corners have been
rounded and also the top. which makes an-
other form of the “S” line. A small mem-

ber of moulding has been added at the bot-
tom of the die, which helps the appearance
and also takes the lines away from the me-
chanical cube. Fig. 7 shows the die square,
only the top corners being rounded very
simply and the top line given a sweeping
curve. A second base has been added to
improve its appearance. There are endless
lines and forms that a designer could use,
and in most cases it would be well to try
more than four ideas. The cost of cutting
must be taken into consideration. One
must know what forms cost more to cut
from the rough than a straight form does,
because the cost generally is very impor-
tant to the customer. The cost of cutting
the die in granite in Fig. 4 would be the
same if the top and bottom were the same
width, because the rough is taken off with
the bull set so that the surface will result
the same. Fig. 5 will cost a little more to
cut because there are two curves to cut,
but they are large ones and not much
away from the straight. In granite the
work would probably be one more day’s
work for a workman. Fig. 6, with curves
and corners, would cost more. Adding the
moulding makes the cost considerably
higher. There is more stone, but very lit-
tle cuttin,g away from the cube at Fig. 7,
Therefore, adding the second base and
drawing the wash to be cut scotia would be
the most expensive. After considering the
cost, then the form of the stones, we will
select Fig. 6 to use for example. The next
step is to arrange the suitable decoration
on the die, including the family name
In beginning to work out sketches for
the decorations, one must first find the
general lines that will look well. It must
be determined whether small bits of carv-

ing placed in separated places are just
what is wanted or whether a continuous
form of carving is preferable. We will
draw two circular forms at the corners,
supposing that this is the best place to dec-
orate. After this is done, we find that the
stone needs something at the center to help
balance. Then a panel for the name is

drawn lower down, so that the decoration
will not appear too heavy. The result of
this, as seen in Fig. 8, is that the decora-
tion appears too spotty. We then drop a
line from each circle at the corner, but find
that this does not help much. We will try
another form with the idea that the cor-
ners need decorating, and we draw forms
like Fig. 9, which could be finished with a
rosette and some leaves downward ; then
the name will be sketched in near the top
of the stone. These two sketches soon
demonstrate that the corners do not need
decorating and that it is probably longer
and continuous lines that are needed. So
at Fig. 10 we draw a parallel line with the
top of the die, adding circles for the cor-
ners and drop lines downward from each
circle. This does not look well, for the
reason that the lines are not decorative
but mechanical. There is no contrast.

It is discovered by making these long
parallel lines that some sort of decoration
is needed similar to them ; that it is the
top of the die that requires the decoration.
Then we use lines like Fig. 11, lines that
are in contrast to the contour. Here the
“S” lines come into practice again. The
center of the die is sketched to hold quite
a little carving and is found to be just the
proper thing to use to harmonize with the
two corners of the contour. They rise from
the outline and the carving at the center
goes downward, so we have still more con-
trast. It is settled that this is the form to
use. The letters are then to be thought of.
They have been tried in panel form, that
they may appear raised, but by trying them
to look sunken, discarding the panel and
placing them near the bottom of the die,
they then seem to be properly placed.

PARK AND CEM ETER I’.

83

Preserves Roads
Prevents Dust

Eight Years
of larvia
at Rose Hill

In 1909 — “Tarvia-X” used experimentally
in newly constructed roads at Rose Hill
Cemetery under the supervision of the
Superintendent, Mr. Thomas Wallis.

In 1910 — ^The experiment looked so prom-
ising that a further stretch of road was
built with “Tarvia-X.”

In 1911 — More “Tarvia-X” construction
and some experiments with “Tarvia-B”
in the surface treatment of some of the
old roads. Mr. Wallis reported Tarvia
“very satisfactory in that it stands the
automobile traffic and does away with
dust and there is no mud to contend with
in the eary Spring- as the roads are hard
and dry.”

In 1912 — Used 30,000 square yards of
Tarvia.

In 1913, 1914 and 1915. Consistent ex-
tension of Tarvia work, gradually con-

Road on Rose
Hill Cemetery, Chicago,
111. , constructed with
“Tarvia X" 1914.

verting all macadam roads to Tarvia
macadam. Systematic use of “Tarvia-B”
for maintenance.

In 1916 — Same as 1913, 1914 and 1915.

Tarvia roads are smooth, dustless, mud-
less, even in the Spring, frost-proof, au-
tomobile-proof, heavy-load-proof, and
cheaper in the long run than plain mac-
adam.

The park or cemetery which adopts
Tarvia as part of a consistent program
will greatly reduce its cost for roads and
will add much to the attractiveness of
the landscape.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained
engineers and chemists who have given
years of study to modern road prob-
lems.

The advice of these men may be had

for the asking by anyone interested.

If you will write to the nearest office
regarding road problems and conditions
in your vicmity, the matter will have
prompt attention. »

The

Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

Vancouver St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney, N. S.

ililllllllill

<^’4

PARK AND CEMETERY.

EsaK^MjjES?! -

f^r

PARK NEWS.

The State Forestry Commission of
Pennsylvania has announced that it would
plant 3,8(IU,0(I0 seeding trees in state for-
estry reserves as a conservation measure.
In addition more than 1,. 100, 1100 young trees
will be distributed to the public for re-
foresting work.

The eighteenth annual report of the
Park Commissioners of Hcpedale, Mass.,
for the year of 1910 has been submitted.
Some of the work this department carried
on during the year is as follows ; The
tennis courts were made over at an out-
lay of over $700.00; grading on the baseball
diamond was started ; the usual cutting
and widening of old paths and trails has
been done; a oO-foot roadway from Free-
dom Street to the height of land on Darling
Hill has been started, which upon comple-
tion will open the most sightly part of the
park territory to the public. Six thousand
eight hundred forty-two bathers used the
bath house this year. The cutting and re-
moval of the chestnut trees affected by the
blight left spaces looking decidedly bare
and over 12,0(10 red and white pines were
planted.

The report of the Board of Park Com-
missioners of Brookline, Mass., recently
issued for 1016, gives an account of work-
accomplished and improvements suggested
and other interesting statistical data. The
trees on the grounds controlled by the Park
Commission have been kept practicall>' free
of insects during the year. The work
which has been carried on by the town
with so much energy in recent years has
greatly reduced the number of gypsy-moth
caterpillars and other insect pests in Brook-
line. The work of improving the Putter-
ham woods has been carried on during the
\ear. These woods have some of the finest
hemlock groves to be found in eastern
Massachusetts, and it is the purpose of the
Commission to improve these by thinning
from time to time as it is necessary, and
by removing the deciduous-leaved trees
where these threaten to injure the hem-
locks. Pruning of the trees on this town
property has been carried on for a number
of years, and a few hundred white pines
and hemlocks have been planted through
the woods every spring. In view of their
probable early destruction by disease the
chestnut trees are being gradually removed
from these woods that a market may be
found for the wood before it has been in-
jured by disease. Following is a summary
of some of the larger expenditures of 1916 :
Maintenance — General expenses, $7,512.99 ;
playgrounds, $6,205.69 ; school grounds, $2,-
606.17; parks, $7,653.49; moth suppression,
$1,612.57 ; total, $-30,199.87. Park Construc-
tion— Playground apparatus, $1,326.93 ; field
houses, $2,039.76; Brookline field, $2,032.20;
fences, $3,198.14; total, $9,871.79.

John Nolen, landscape architect of Cam-
liridge, Mass., has been engaged to prepare
a number of interesting city plans. The
plan for flint, Alich., will cover the essen-
tial physical features of the city, such as
main streets and roads, locations for the
principal public buildings, etc., and a gen-
eral plan for a park system. This plan
is to be worked out in co-operation with
Bion J. Arnold of Chicago. The city of
Niagara Falls’ plan will be a general city
plan, including a park system. E. P. Good-
rich of New York has been engaged as
expert on railroad and city electric line
transportation in co-operation with this
plan. Another plan is for the city of
Charlotte, N. C., covering all of the usual
features of streets, buildings, parks, homes,
etc. Some plans he is now preparing for
new towns and villages, especially in con-
nection with industrial plants, are as fol-
lows: Brighton Alills, Allwood, near Pas-
saic, N. J., 200 acres including cotton mills
and homes for operatives ; General Chem-
ical Company, property near Marcus Hook,
Pa., about 200 acres near the Delaware
state line, to be developed as a complete
town site for various classes of employes;
Green Acres, Waterbury, Conn., a well
located tract of more than 75 acres owned
by Miss Helen E. Ch.ase. The general plan

The directors of Swan Point Cemetery,
Providence, R. I., have issued their sixty-
ninth annual report for the year ending
December 31, 1916. The principal new con-
struction work for the year was done in
the portion of the cemetery west of the
Old Swan Point Road, wdiere large areas
were graded and subsoiled and some 32,000
square feet of new avenues w'ere macad-
amized with the stones obtained in this
grading. Nearly 1,800 linear feet of four-
inch water mains, with seven hydrants,
have been laid in these avenues and over
1,700 linear feet of tarvia gutters built.
This year marks the beginning of construc-
tion work west of the Boulevard, where
the new greenhouse is to be erected. Five
hundred feet of four-inch water main has
been laid in the new avenue through this
section to meet the needs of the green-
house and the other requirements that will
come later. Some four hundred shrubs
and evergreens have been set out this year,
mostly in the old portion of the cemetery,
and 7,000 or 8,000 bulbs have been dis-
tributed about the grounds. There were
293 interments made during the year.

includes a village center, store sites, and
areas for recreation.

The annual report of the New Orleans
City Park Improvement Association for
1916 gives an interesting account of the
work of that association during the year
and financial reports, etc. The hot-house,
which was totally destroyed by the storm
the year before, has been rebuilt with
financial aid from the city. It was rebuilt
entirely of reinforced concrete and cement.
All the other damages in the park, and also
to the Delgado Museum have been re-
paired. The usual good attention has been
given to every department in the park.
The golf course was taken in charge. The
city has appropriated one thousand dollars
for 1917, for its maintenance, as a public
golf course. A great deal of repairing w'as
done to boats, bridges, benches, swings and
stable in the rear. All roads and walks
have been kept in good trim and condition.
The usual concerts were given beginning
May 7, and every Sunday thereafter, until
September 13, 1916. Following is some
data from the report of the treasurer:

Receipts — January 1, 1916, balance,

$626.17 ; amounts received from January 1,
1916, to December 31, 1916, as per State-
ments No. 791 to 844, inclusive, $68,516.90;
total receipts, $69,143.07.

Disbursements — Payments made from
January 1, 1916, to December 31, 1916, as
per warrants No. 4634 to 4928, inclusive,
$67,360.63; cash in bank, $1,782.44; add spe-
cial donation for band stand, deposited in
Savings Department Canal Bank & Trust

Following are some items of interest
from the treasurer's report: Balance of
cash on hand December 31, 1915, $21,-
273.46. Cash receipts : From sale of lots
in cemetery, $80,777 ; from perpetual Care
Fund deposits, $22,712; from payments on
mortgages and investments : General Fund
$74,600, Perpetual Care and Bequest Fund
$22,915, the Permanent Fund $13,970; from
labor and material, $18,309.51. Total, $308,-
907.55. Cash payments : For investment
of General Fund, $165,200.00. Transferred
to: Perpetual Care and Bequest Fund,
$46,577.00; the Permanent Fund, $22,251.65.
For labor in the cemetery, labor in the
greenhouse and labor, teamsters and
hostlers, $33,794.61. For salaries of treas-
urer, secretary, superintendent, surveyor
and clerk, $8,083.22. For construction ac-
count— sewers, water pipe, etc., $2,439.90.
Transferred to the Permanent Fund: Fif-
teen cents per square foot on land in the
cemetery sold during the year, $5,424.00
Balance cash on hand, $12,570.15. Total,
$308,907.55. The Perpetual Care Fund in-
creased $23,662.00, making a total of
$555,543.82.

Co., $7,500.

PAR K AND C EM ETER Y.

85

Consider This L-Shaped Plan

The special design of the gal)le and side entrance
is just enough to give it a touch of the ornamental,
without adding prohilritively to the cost.

If your location isn’t adaptable to such a plan, tell
us the particulars and we will gladly suggest one
or more that are.

In any case, we would assume that you wanted
our construction of Everlasting Lastingness.

WITH the workroom in the corner to give an
equal distribution of the heat and easy access
to all the compartments, it makes a plan as practical
as it is attractive.

Where the location permits, it certainly is de-
cidedly more pleasing in effect than one long straight
house would he of same length and number of
compartments.

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories

SALES OFFICES

PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO ROCHESTER

Wiclener Bldg. Rookery Bldg. Granite Bldg.

TORONTO, Royal Bank Bldg. MONTREAL. Transportation Bldg.

FACTORIES: Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, III. St. Catharines, Canada

CLEVELAND
Swetland Bldg.

BOSTON
Tremont Bldg,

DETROIT
Book Bldg.

NEW YORK
42nd St. Bldg.

riill

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Greatest Capacity
For Clean Work

The ability to do most work at least expense is not the only
advantage of the Austin Motor Road Roller in park and cemetery
improvement. There are no cinders or smoke and it is not a
nuisance when in operation.

No teaming of coal and water reduces equipment that litters
the grounds to the minimum and makes the operation of the roller
no more an annoyance than an automobile.

The Austin roller uses either gasoline or kerosene for fuel and
no time or fuel is wasted when the roller is not in operation.

It is not only economical in the work it accomplishes, but per-
forms its work without annoyance or destruction of property.

Austin rollers are built in five three-wheel and four tandem
sizes, providing a size and style for every requirement.

Write for complete catalog

The Austin - Western Road Machinery Co.

CHICAGO

Branch Offices:

New York City Philadelphia Dallas Los Angeles

Columbu.s, O. Atlanta San Francisco St. Paul

Austin Tandem Roller

Austin Macadam Roller

Austin Macadam Roller

86

PARK AND C EM ETER }'.

At the annual meeting of the Ilion
Cemetery Association, Ilion, N. Y., Ar-
leigh D. Richardson was chosen president ;
Albert B. Russell, secretary, and Charles
Harter, treasurer. Ernst G. Schulz was
continued as superintendent at an advance
of $300 per year. W'hen i\Ir. Schulz first
assumed charge of the cemetery a few
years ago, shortly after the association had
been formed, the old cemetery was taken
over from the village, and as there w'as not
a single vacant grave, some fifty acres ad-
joining ground were purchased. The asso-
ciation had a deljt of $7,000 and no bal-
ance in the bank. Toda\’ they have an in-
\ested fund of over $10,000, no delits and
over 17)0 lots ready for sale, besides a com-
fortable balance in bank to begin the year's
operations.

hollowing are some statistical statements
taken from the annual report:

Receipts — Balance in bank April 1, 1910,
$1,142.30; assessments collected, $805.04;
received for Perpetual Fund, $338; for lots
sold, $2,100.45; for making graves, $417.95;
from investments, $359; total, $5,780.80.

Disbursements — Paid for labor, $933.85;
superintendent's salary, $1,200; materials
for cemeter\ use, $102.98; materials for lot
owners' use, $207.03; investments during
the year, $1,802.92; balance in bank March
31, 1917, $1,178.38; total, $5,780.80.

Due cemetery from lot sales, making
graves, foundations, etc., $1,930.47.

At the last annual meeting of the Mt.
Pleasant Cemetery Association of Poast-
town, Ohio, it was decided to raise a
permanent fund to take care of both the
old and new cemetery. It was also de-
cided to add $25.00 to the price of lot, to
go into a trust fund, the interest from
which is to be used in taking care of the
lot. It was further decided that when a
lot is purchased it must he cash or a good
bankable note; all grave digging and grave
material cash.

Edwin Gebhart is president of the asso-
ciation.

Oak Shade Cemetery, of Marion, la.,
has added another plat of ground to its
holdings east of Gray's addition. The
ground cost $1,(HI0.

In his report, w'hich was submitted at the
annual meeting of the Ferncliff Cemetery
■Association, Springfield, Ohio, James Lush-
l.augh stated that there were 570 burials
last year. The fofal number of dead in
the cemetery is-Jiow' 1(),708. President
Charles L. Bauer stated that the affairs of
the association were found in excellent
condition.

The Cover

The illustration on the front cover of
this issue shows an interesting type of
entrance gate and arch.

The ornamental archway style of gate,
with the name of the cemetery worked
into the ornamental iron work, is a pop-
ular style that is adapted to many differ-
ent plans of entrance and side gates. In
this instance, a simple but substantial con-
struction of brick gate posts and a plain

New Cemeteries and Improve-
ments

The Lincoln Cemetery Company of Chi-
cago has been incorporated with a capital
of $159,900 by Edgar J. Phillips, Charles
E. Clark and L. M. Betts.

The Amistad Cemetery Association of
Amistad, Union county, Xew Mexico, has
been incorporated. The incorporators and
directors are; Mary B. Naylor, Alinnie -A.
Reveley, Alary A. Brosier, Alary W. Barns,
L. R. Williamson, Alolly AT Schutz, Alay
N. Bedford, Annetta G. Summers, Carry
W. Lindgren and Alargaret W. Smith, all
of Amistad. The association is non-profit-
sharing.

The Hull Cemetery Association, Terre
Haute, Ind., was recently incorporated.
The directors are Edward B. Blocksom,
Albert B. Curry, Robert W. Hull.

Woodland Cemetery of Cook County,
Chicago, 111., has been incorporated with a
capital of $75,990 by James AI. Butcher, W.
I. Budwell and John L. Hemingway.

Rose Park Cemetery Association of Chi-
cago has been incorporated. The capital
stock is $291.1,099 and the incorporators are
George D. Clinton, Daniel D. Biedermann
and John L. Hartzer.

The Elliott cemetery, Elliott, 111., is be-
ing improved. A new ornamental fence i;
being erected along the drives and about
(j59 shrubs planted.

Cemetery Offieers Elected

At the annual meeting of the Cemetery
■Association of Dubuque, la.. Airs. Alinnii!
White was elected president and Anna
Goodwin secretary.

The Cemetery Guild of EBeston, 111.,
has elected Airs. Roasa president and Daisy
Duncan secretary for the coming year.

The Cemetery Association of Eagle
Gro\e, la., has elected Airs. J. W. AIc-
Grath president and Airs. Donly secretary.
They plan to erect a receiving vault this
summer.

Airs. Warren Tracey has been elected
president and Airs. O. P. Brown secretary
of the Aletea Cemetery Association,
Logansport, Ind.

The Evergreen Cemetery Association of
Brainerd, Alinn., has re-elected Judge J.
T. Sanborn president and Alilton AIcFad-
den secretary.

J. S. Graham has been elected president
and J. B. Jones secretary of A'laple Grove
Cemetery, Granville, Ohio.

Illustration

serxiceable design of iron fence combine
to make a pleasing combination well
suited to park or cemeterv.

Both side gates and main drive gates
are carefully braced and carefully con-
structed for durability and service. This
gateway and fence was designed, executed
and erected for Alount Hope Cemetery,
Florence, S. C., by the Stewart Iron Works
Company, of Cincinnati.

'I ’H IS i s the
^ way we grow
your trees.

Do you wonder that
we have such a de-
mand for them ?

European and Cri-
m e a n Linde n,
straight trunked and
high branched, for
Park and Cemetery
planting.

We also carry a full line of
shrubs, evergreens and field
grown herbaceous stock.

SEND FOR NEW
SPRING CATALOGUE

Thomas B.
Meehan Co.

IVholesale Nurserymen

Dresher, Pennsylvania

PARK AND C EM ETER ] ;

87

ONLY GENUINE

“PHILADELPHIA”

Style “K” — 5 Blades — Plain or Roller
Bearings.

Philadelphia Roller Bearings possess many
advantages over old style ball bearings.

NOTICE— The public is
advised that notwith-
standing the disturbance
in market conditions we
have not advanced our
list prices on lawn mow-
ers or extra parts.

Send for 1917 Catalog.

Improved “Eagle” Flexible Frame.

The Most Complete and Perfect Horse Mower
Made. Sizes: 30-in., 35-in., 40-in.

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Co.

31st and Chestnut Streets

Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.

LAWN MOWERS HAVE

Vanadium Crucible Steel Blades,

The Master Alloy and Toughest Steel Known.

Originators of the First Side Wheel Lawn Mower in 1869.
Nearly a half century doing ONE THING WELL.

Bearings bored with rifle barrel accuracy.

The Standard by which other makes are measured.

Our List Prices on mowers and ex=
tra parts remain the same as they
have been for the past twenty years

The Most Complete, Reliable
and Efficient

HAND,

HORSE and
MOTOR

Lawn Mowers Manufactured. 6 or S vanadium Cru°c"ble Steel Blades.

Styles “Graham” and “A,” All-Stee!.
Practically Indestructible.

STYLES

“QRAHA/V\” All = Steel, 10-in.

Wheels

“A” All=Steel, 10-in. Wheels
“E” Removable Box Caps, 10-in.
Wheels

“K” Plain or Roller Bearings,

10- in. Wheels

“ALL DAY,” 10-in. Wheels
“UNIVERSITY,” 4 Blades, 9-in.
Wheels

“INDEPENDENCE” Roller
Bearing, 9-in. Wheels
“OVERBROOK” Roller Bear=
ing, 8-in. Wheels
“QOLF” 6 or 8 Blades
“EAGLE” Flexible Frame Horse
Mower

Are incomparable in style,
durability and results.

We employ the HIGH-
EST GRADE materials
and workmanship t o
produce the most per-
fect lawn mowers.
Known throughout the
world since 1869 for
their many superior
features.

40-in. Cut Riding Type, Weight 1900 lbs.
40-in. Cut Walking Type, Weight 1300 lbs.
30=in. Cut Walking Type, Weight 900 lbs.
Flexible Frame, Chain Driven.
Rollers Have Differential Gears.

Cuts 1 to 1}4 Acres per Hour.

Guaranteed against all imperfections in
workmanship and materials.

88

r A R K A X D C E M E T E R

Georgia Marble JEeathers lEdl

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

Georgia Marble
is close textured
and non-absorbent;
consequently it is
weather and time-
enduring.

It is particularly
suited for monu-
mental structures in
that it carves well
and will take the
finest details.

Its artistic quali-
ties, combined with
its durability, make
it the ideal sculp-
tural material.

If you are inter-
ested in the Colleoni
statue, considered
from many stand-
points one of the
most important in the world, we shall be pleased to send
you a copy of our monthly magazine describing the origi-
nal and duplicate herewith illustrated.

THE COLLEONI IN NEWARK, N. J.

Cop3' of the Colleoni Equestrian Statue in Venice. Executed hy
J. Massey Rhind, sculptor. Pedestal cut from Georgia Cherokee
marhle.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

S!9

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND

INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
X 12 inches ; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days; sex; social state; date of death — year, month, day; cause of death; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square ;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index hab printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — '158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order books, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regtdar price, two dollars.

Send for our neiv revised catalog containing full-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

VO

PAR K A N D

CEMETERY.

When Labor Is
High and Scarce

Weeds Grow Best

The best method of keeping roadways and gutters
free from weeds is a question of vital importance to
every town director, street commissioner, park or
cemetery superintendent, suburban developing com-
pany and private estates, for the construction of the
average roadway and gutter is such that grass and
weeds find their way to the surface. Weeds give
grounds of any kind a neglected and forlorn appear-
ance and their removal by some method is a sanitary
necessity.

The old method of sending men over roadways with
picks, shovels and scrapers to remove the weeds is
recognized by intelligent men to be a failure. The
tops alone are removed by this method only to reap-
pear a few days later. In order to keep the roads in
anything like trim condition, they require constant at-
tention during the entire growing season if this method
is used. But what is even more objectionable, how-
ever, is the fact that the roadbed is constantly dis-
turbed, thereby creating expense, dust and destroying
the road surface.

WEED KILLER

The treating of the roadway and gutter with Key
Brand Weed Killer, a liquid chemical which sinks
into the ground, reaches and destroys the tops and
roots of all existing growth and has a sterile effect on
the soil. It may be diluted with forty parts of water
and easily applied with any sprinkling can or sprinkling
apparatus.

It is cheaper to make a thorough application of Key
Brand Weed Killer than it is to remove the weeds
once by hand, and constant attention is eliminated.’

Once applied. Key Brand Weed Killer seldom needs
attention during the entire season..

This Advantage Is True Economy

Key Brand Weed Killer is being used year after
year by cities, cemeteries, estates and developments
throughout the United States.

We guarantee it to be the most efficient and econom-
ical method of removing weeds

One gallon of Key Brand diluted with 40 gallons of
water will usually cover 1,COO square feet of surface.

Key Brand Weed Killer is shipped in the following
convenient size packages:

70 Gallon Iron Drums

50 “ Barrels

30 ** 1-2 Barrels

10-5-1 “ Cans

WRITE FOR PRICES

Interstate Chemical Co.

Manufacturers of Spray Chemicals and Insecticides

24 Bay view Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

The Fa mous New
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, W!S.

m Offer a very complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Tyrees., Shrubs.^ Evergreens., Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only— for fifiy years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

Made in JERSEY CITY, N, J., BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827 ^><8^

PARK AND C EM ETER F.

91

llllllll

P llllllll

lllllllll!lllllllllll

ing Greenhouses

Keep Summer In the Park the Whole Year Round

On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great
strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are
so warm and sunny that they are filled with a riot of bloom and fruit when
Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience
in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

You should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a
King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how
productive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

COMPANY 342 King’s Road,

All Ihe Sunlight. All Day Houses

KING CONSTRUCTION

A Refined Lowering Device

m Beautiful Burial Services — for which patrons are glad to adequately pay

Gentlemen; Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1917.

I gave the FRIGID Lowering Device purchased in December, 1916, a test the coldest day this Winter, Monday,
February 12, 1917. Case used was a Corinthian Bronze enclosed in a steel vault, a total weight of about 1100 lbs. This
was lowered with as much ease as the lightest case used on it. This Device was purchased for St. Peter’s Catholic
Cemetery by the writer. 'Yery truly, J. RIGNEY WARD.

About its efficiency ask — Sidney S. Herriman, Supt. Oak Hill Cemetery, Pontiac, Mich., or J. S. Medary, Pres. Oak

Grove Cemetery, La Crosse, Wis. Then write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO., 217 So. Western Ave., Chicago, 111.

92

PARK A N D

C EM ETER r.

Improves the Appearance of Roads

Add to the beauty of park or cemetery l^y apply-
ing SOLV'AY as a surface binder and dust-pre-
ventive. Two applications a season will main-
tain clean, hard, dustless roads.

SOLVAY

Granulated

Calcium Chloride

kills weeds, and does not discolor the road surface.
Requires no skilled labor or expensive apparatus to
apply. No odor, does not “track” — saves the expense
of sprinkling carts. A practical, serviceable and
economical road-surfacer.

Write for a copy of the “Solvay Road
Book,” sent postpaid upon request.

400 Milton Ave., SEMET-SOLVAY CO. Solvay, N. Y.

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be
mixed better,
quicker, with less
expense. Use a

Jaeger

Mixer

Now made in small sizes. Mounted on trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

Built for Durability

In the last thirty days we
overhauled for the first time
BOMGARDNER Lower-
ing Devices Nos. 54-673-
320-1304-1186, which had
been in service for periods
varying from nine to thir-
teen years. The average cost
of making these devices as
good as new was but $9.50.

The BOMGARDNER
Lowering Device you buy
today will give as good, if
not better service. WHY
EXPERIMENT?

IV rite for literature,

Bomgardner Manufacturing Go.

Cleveland, Ohio

PARK AND CEMETERY.

93

W. & T. SmiTH OOmR/VNY

GEINE\//\, IN E \A7 YORK

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;

64 YEARS.

IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

700 ACRES,

Chemistry
Eliminates Costly Hand Weeding

Modern methods of today have replaced costly methods of yes-
terday, such as hand-weeding. Parks and cemeteries, as well as
country clubs, municipalities, estates and homes, all over the
country, use

instead of costly hand-weeding,
to keep paths, drives, streets and
gutters free from unsightly
weeds and grass.

Atlas is a scientific chemical. It
is sprinkled over the area to be
cleaned (diluted with 20 parts
water) in an ordinary sprinkling
can or cart.
Weeds die in
a few days —
gone for the

whole year. Atlas gets down to
to the very, root.

One gallon costing $1.50 is suf-
ficient for 600 sq. ft. — a 500 gal-
lon tank wagon with two men will
cover 250,000 sq. ft. a day — about
2| miles of road 20 feet wide.
Compare these costs with hand-
weeding, whichmustbedonc
over and over againthrough-
out the year. Send $1.00
for half-gallon trial can.

Leading railroads use Atlas Weed
Killer Jar thousands of miles of
clean, weed-free tracks.

CHIPMAN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING CO. Inc.
95 Liberty St.

3IE

New York

miE

il^ll

f i A BETTER LAWN

I - — at Less Expense

- Read this letter we recently received from a

I I Park Superintendent:

“After giving Fuller and Johnson Lawn
1 Mowers a thorough trial, I recommended
them to the Park Board and Finance Com-
mittee, stating that by using three of these

S’* i mowers I could reduce the Park grass cutting
^ ) maintenance one man to each park. This
makes three men less on the Park force
< and as each man receives a salary of $420
a season $1 ,260 would be saved.”

Isn’t this saving well worth while? Doesn’t
I this fact alone justify your getting full particu-
lars about the

«•!

I 1

t. . I «

I 'I

Iq!

fi*

i

ii Fuller & Johnson i!

MOTOR LAWN MOWER

— the mower that is backed up by 70 years’
reputation of the Fuller and Johnson Mfg.
Company for the highest manufacturing in-
tegrity.

This machine is motor-driven, hand con-
trolled. Built as a unit to combine ex-
treme flexibility with large cutting capacity.
Makes a finished job at one cutting. No
cleari'ng up or hand trimming afterwards.
Specially designed to cut grass close up to
trees, under shrubbery, along walks and
driveways, and will climb a 30% grade on
its own power.

The mechanical construction of the Fuller
& Johnson Mower is scientifically right with
no complicated parts to get out of adjust-
ment— a practical mower for everyday use.
Let us send you complete details about this
splendid Motor Lawn Mower.

Write for a copy of our new book
“A BETTER LAWN”

Manufaclurets Distributing Co.

459

Publicity Bids
St. Louis, Mo

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Coita Color al $2.90 Each

Size tSin. wide by 30 in. high

Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc#

Ec-V

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.

South Zanesville, Ohio

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates
Will Keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically

Easily attached and requires no attention. Write
for descriptive circular. Special prices if you
mention this Magazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO., Boston, Mass.

There are three things that de-
stroy your lawn: Dandelions.
Buck Plantain and Crab Grass,
luone season the Clipper will
drive them all out.

Your'dealer should have
them — if he has not drop us
aline and we will send cir-
cular and prices.

Clipper Lawn Mower Co.
Dixon, III.

94

PARK AND CEMETERY.

The public is warned not to
purchase mowers infringing
the Townsend Patent No.
1.209.519. Dec. 19th, 1916.

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

The Greatest Grass-Cutter on Earth
Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide

S. P. TOW\SEND & CO.

ORANGE, N. J.

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will
mow more lawn in a day than the best
motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man, it will mow more lawn in a
day than any three other horse-drawn
mowers with three horses and three men.

Floats over the uneven ground as a
ship rides the waves. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skim-
ming the level, and the third paring a
hollow. Does not smash the grass to
earth and plaster it in the mud in spring-
time, nor crush out its life between hot
rollers and hard, hot ground in summer,
as does the motor mower.

Send for catalog illustrating all types of
Townsend Lawn Mowers

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MAKERS

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
31^-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 7V2 to 12c, 5-in. lO'/z to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, III.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.
Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visitingour Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD NEW JERSEY

Stark Bros.’ Nurseries

Louisiana, Mo.

Iiajidscape Arcliitects, specially
trained for park and cemetery work.

We are the largest growers in
America. Our ornamentals are grown
by the most expert propagators: are
carefully trained, bushy, heavy rooted.

We offer free consultation and ad-
vice, and will prepare complete de-
signs for Park, Cemetery or Private
Grounds.

Write for free book — fully illus-
trated, explaining in detail formal and
informal methods of Landscape Gar-
dening.

Stark Bros.’ Nurseries

Box 000 Louisiana, Mo.

Use This Catalog

SUGGESTIONS

FOR

EFFECTIVE PLANTING

A CATALOG which tells what plants and
trees and shrubs are best adapted by Nature
for each garden and landscape — and how to
group them most effectively.

“Suggestions for Effective Planting” is not
the usual mechanical, deadly dull nursery cat-
alog. Its arrangement of departments brings
together the material best suited for each pur-
pose. Seyid for your copy as soon as possible.

ANDORRA NURSERIES

William Warner Harper, Proprietor
Box 150, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.

YOU CAN HELP

to make friends for Park and Cemetery
by patronizing its advertisers and by
giving the paper credit for the intro-
duction when corresponding.

HEARTLEY’S MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY’S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
“It Excels Them AIL*’
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.

GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo* Ohio

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1,000 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials, Location
of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Si., CHICAGO. ILL.

Cemeteries in

39 States

have corresponded with me re-
garding lot sales and my method
of increasing them.

It hurts to tell an appli-
plicant, “I can’t sell you
such-and-such series. An-
other cemetery in your city
is using it.”

Don’t let this happen to Y OU !
Write me today!

^dveriisir^

OjrQ.^fcl Munsey Bldg.

Royal Blue Stone

Burial Vaults

“Stronger and Better — Last Forever”
The Independent Stone Company

New First National Bank Building
COLUMBUS. OHIO

Catalog of New Line of Ceme-
tery Records just out; ask for one.
Park and Cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

95

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion: minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

YOUNG MAN, EXPERIENCED IN CEME-
tery work, content with small salary until
he shows satisfactory results may find place
as sexton bj^ addressing' City Clerk, Ash-
land, Wls.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to
undertaking profession, three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. Worsham Training School,
(120 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

WANTED— POSITION AS SUPERINTEND-
ent of park or cemetery; 30 years of ex-
perience in a leading cemetery; best of ref-
erences. Address “Reliable," care Park and
Cemetery.

PUBLISHER’S STATEMENT.

Statement of the ownership, management,
circulation, etc., required by the Act of Con-
gress of August 24, 1912, of Park and Ceme-
tery, published monthly at Chicago, 111., for
April 1, 1917.

State of Illinois', County of Cook. — Before
me, a notary public in and for the state and
county aforesaid, personally appeared O. H.
Sample, who, having been duly sworn ac-
cording to law, deposes and says that he is
the Editor of the Park and Cemetery and
that the following is, to the best of his
knowledge and belief, a true statement of
the ownership, management (and if a daily
paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid
publication for the date shown in the above
caption, required by the Act of August 24,
1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws
and Regulations, printed on the reverse of
this form, to- wit;

1. That the names and addresses of the
publisher, editor, managing editor and busi-
ness manager are:

Pliblisher — Allied Arts Publishing Company,
536 South Clark street.

Editor — O. H. Sample, 536 South Clark
str0Gt.

Managing Editor — O. H. Sample, 536 South
Clark street.

Business Manager — H. C. Whitaker, 536
South Clark street.

2. That the owners are: (Give names and
addresses of individual owners, or, if a cor-
poration, give its name and the names and
addresses of stockholders owning or holding
1 per cent or more of the total amount of
stock); Allied Arts Publishing Company, 536
South Clark street; R. J. Haight, 536 South
Clark street; O. H. Sample, 536 South Clark
street; H. C. Whitaker, 536 South Clark
street.

3. That the known bondholders, mort-
gagees and other security holders owning or
holding 1 per cent or more of total amount
of stock, bonds, mortgages or other securi-
ties are: None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above,
giving the names of the owners, stockholders
and security holders, if any, contain not only
the list of stockholders and security holders
as they appear upon the books of the com-
pany but also, in cases where the stockholder
or security holder appears upon the books
of the company as trustee or in any other
fiduciary relation, the name of the person or
corporation for whom such trustee is acting,
is given; also that the said two paragraphs
contain statements embracing affiant’s full
knowledge and belief as to the circumstances
and conditions under which stockholders and
security holders who do not appear upon the
books of the company as trustees, hold stock
and securities in a capacity other than that
of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no
reason to believe that any other person, as-
sociation or corporation has any interest di-
rect or indirect in the said stock, bonds or
other securities than as so stated by him.

O. H. SAMPLE, Editor.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this
27th day of March, 1917.

(Seal.) J. D. GRAY,

Notary Public.

(My commission expires Jan. 7, 1920.)

Stone Grave Vaults

The McDermott Stone Co.

Schultz Building
COLUMBUS. OHIO

Booklet Free.

Kills Prairie Dogs. Ground
Squirrels, G. Hogs. Pocket
Gophers. Saves alfalfa. Ex*
perimentalstations approve.
1400 tablets, P. P. $1.25. War-
ranted . Mole Tablets. 75c.
Ask Druggist or send direct.
. Dodge Chem. Co.. Ft. Dodge, la

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

Write for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE. ILL.

Spring Specials

MONUMENT-MERCHANTS

ATTENTION

FLORISTS AND FLOWER SHOPS
READ THIS

PARK SUPTS. PLEASE NOTE

DECORATION DAY, MAY 30th

WRITE FOR VASE CATALOG AT ONCE.
BIG DEMAND FOR VASES IS COMING.

ALL VASES ARE SECTIONAL AND
FITTED.

LARGE DIRT BOWL AND RESERVOIR.
SMOOTHI.Y CAST, WELL PAINTED.

NEW PRICES — GREAT OPPORTUNITY.
WRITE TODAY.

FINE LINE OF IRON FENCE.
BIRD DRINKING FOUNTAINS.
WIRE TRELLIS FOR FLOWERS.
FLOWER BOXES. SUN DIALS.
GARDEN GAZING GLOBES.

MAKE A LEADER OF THESE.
WRITE FOR FENCE ENTRANCE BOOK.

WHAT ABOUT IRON GARDEN
SETTEES?

LIBERAL PRICES AND TERMS.

FOR PRICES. SKETCHES,
INFORMATION,

WRITE

CHARLES AMOS CO,

DETROIT, MICH.

WE INVITE YOU TO TRADE WITH US
MADE IN DETROIT, U. S. A.

A sk Park and Cemetery for New Catalog
of the Revised Line of Complete Cemetery
Record Books.

WATERWEEDS REMOVED

easily and effectively from any lake,
pond or river. Write for particulars
of the Sxihmarine Weed Cutting Saw.

ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company - Cleveli

l!IIIIIIIIIIKIIIIIIIIIII!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllll!lillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllll^

I Special Notice: — Stedem Chemical Laboratory has no intention or desire |
I to be in any way mistaken for F AIRMOUNT CHEM ICAL Laboratory |
I But I

• Fairmount Weed Killer [

j as made for seventeen years at the N. IV. corner |

I Broad and Fairmount Ave.y Philadelphia^ Pa., can |

I only be obtained from Stedem Chemical Laboratory. |

I We want all the old friends of the original Fairmount Weed Killer to |

1 know that it is again obtainable and at a more advantageous price than |

1 any spurious formula or imitation. Prices on application. Correspon- |

I dence solicited. |

I Fairmount Weed Killer, Stedem Formula |

I Stedem Chemical Laboratory |

Office, 926 South St. Bernard St. Philadelphia, Pa.

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Highland Park, Rochester’s Unique Pleasure Ground — Fine Types of Alodern Cross
Tablets — Design of Formal Park Garden in Indianapolis — From the Cemetery Rule Books —
Problems of Park and Cemetery Law — Historic and Modern in Vincennes Cemeteries

HIGHLAND CEMETERY ENTRANCE, YPSILANTI, MICH.

Ornamental Iron Entrance Gates and Fence

Designed, Made and Erected by The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O. (See Page 1 1.5.)

98

PARK AND CEMETERY.

ONLY GENUINE

“PHILADELPHIA”

Style “K” — 5 Blades — Plain or Roller
Bearings.

Philadelphia Roller Bearings possess many
advantages over old style ball bearings.

NOTI CE— The public is
advised that notwith-
standing the disturbance
in market conditions we
have not advanced our
list prices on lawn mow-
ers or extra parts.

Send for 1917 Catalog.

Improved “Eagle” Flexible Frame.

The Most Complete and Perfect Horse Mower
Made. Sizes: 30-in., 3S-in., 40-in.

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Co.

31st and Chestnut Streets

Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.

LAWN MOWERS HAVE

Vanadium Crucible Steel Blades,

The Master Alloy and Toughest Steel Known.
Originators of the First Side Wheel Lawn Mower in 1869.
Nearly a half century doing ONE THING WELL.

Bearings bored with rifle barrel accuracy.

The Standard by which other makes are measured.

Our List Prices on mowers and ex=
tra parts remain the same as they
have been for the past twenty years

The Most Complete, Reliable
and Efficient

HAND,

HORSE and
MOTOR

Lawn Mowers Manufactured.

Styles “Graham” and “A,” All-Steel.
Practically Indestructible.

STYLES

“GRAHAM” All = Steel, 10-in.

Wheels

“A” All=Steel, 10-in. Wheels
“E” Removable Box Caps, 10-in.
Wheels

“K” Plain or Roller Bearings,

10-in. Wheels

“ALL DAY,” 10-in. Wheels
“UNIVERSITY,” 4 Blades, 9-in.
Wheels

“INDEPENDENCE” Roller
Bearing, 9-in. Wheels
“OVERBROOK” Roller Bear=
ing, 8-in. Wheels
“GOLF” 6 or 8 Blades
“EAGLE” Flexible Frame Horse
Mower

Style “Golf.”

6 or 8 Vanadium Crucible Steel Blades.

We employ the HIGH-
EST GRADE materials
and workmanship t o
produce the most per-
fect lawn mowers.
Known throughout the
world since 1869 for
their many superior
features.

Are incomparable in style,
durability and results.

40-in. Cut Riding Type, Weight 1900 lbs.
40=in. Cut Walking Type, Weight 1300 lbs.
30-in. Cut Walking Type, Weight 900 lbs.
Flexible Frame, Chain Driven.
Rollers Have Differential Gears.

Cuts I to IJ^ Acres per Hour.

Guaranteed against all imperfections in
workmanship and materials.

PARK AX D C EM ETER i

99

Beautiful, Historic Lake Champlain

No section of the country played a more important or more interesting' part in the
Revolutionary War than the shores and waters of Lake Champlain. It is conceded
by world travelers to be the most beautiful spot on earth. The Green Mountains ris-
ing up from it on the East and the Adirondacks on the West, its breast decorated
with hundreds of green covered islands once the meeting places of the fierce Iroquois,
combine to enhance its beauty and to cast upon it an irresistible glamour of romance.

Ba rre, Vermont

Aug. 28,29,30,31

These are the dates of
the 1917 convention
of the American Cem-
etery Superintendents'
Association. Don’t
disappoint us. Make
your plans to come.

Barre

Entertainment

Association

Organized to make this spe-
cial occasion a success.

Alex Hanton

(Supt. Barre Cemeteries)
Directing- Chairman

Barre, Vermont

Cemetery

Superintendents

An automobile trip
through the heart of
the Green Mountains
by way of the Wi-
nooski Valley and a
day on the waters of
Lake Champlain will
be one of the many
entertainment f e a-
tures connected with
the annual convention
of Cemetery Superin-
tendents in August.

A Champlain Shore Scene

ICO

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

Enterprise Protective Fence is es-
pecially adapted for cemeteries and
parks, because it offers real beauty of
design as well as permanent protection.

Enhances Natural Beauty
of Grounds

Send for Illustrated Catalog

“Write today for our catalog. It describes hundreds of
styles, quotes prices, and explains our free offer to make
a blueprint showing plan and all details of fence needed
to protect and beautify your property.

Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural beauty of
your grounds, and set them off in the most
effective way.

On Guard Day and Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on duty day
and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks, prowlers, and other
undesirable persons. Prevents desecration of grounds and
unwarranted intrusions.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2424 Yandes Street

Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 years in AiTiron and WHte today

Iron=’and= Woven= Wire protective fencing for this

Catalog

DON’T DEFACE A FINE LAWN

BY USING CHEAP, UNSIGHTLY SIGNS

That rust, corrode or become weather-beaten from exposure. Bronze
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\'OL. XXVII NO. 4

.STAXDARDIZING PLANT NAMES

The American Joint Committee on
Horticultural Nomenclature has just
issued the 1917 code of standardized
plant names after a very careful and
arduous study of the subject. This
joint committee was made up of rep-
resentatives of the American Associa-
tion of Nurserymen, Ornamental Grow-
ers’ Association, American Society of
Landscape Architects, American Phar-
maceutical Association and American
Association of Park Superintendents.

The desirability of some standard list
or code of plant names for commercial
use has long been recognized. It is in
an attempt to meet this need that the
present code is issued. It includes a
careful assembling of the scientific or
botanical names deemed most generally
applicable to plants in American com-
merce at the beginning of the year 1917,
This sulj-committee, which handled this
work, of which Frederick Law Olm-
sted, Frederick V. Coville and Harlan
P. Kelsey were the working members,
spent many days, part of the time in
close and constant association with Dr.
L. H. Bailey, in attempting to harm.onize
the conflicting scientific and commercial
designations attached to the thousands
of items habitually bought and sold by
their so-called botanical names. It was
understood, in pursuance of the consti-
tution of the Joint Committee, that its
function was only to consider plant
names for the purpose of facilitating
commerce, or of “making buying easy,"
as frequently impressed upon the com-
mittee by several of the organizations
contributing both members and funds to
it. It is thus seen that it was neither
intended nor possible for the committee
to enter upon any original investigations,
or, indeed, despite the centralized au-
thority adopted as a basis, to entirely
conform to any one standard. It
is considered as the more important
function of the Am.erican Joint Com-
mittee to propose at the earliest practi-
cable moment a similar Official Code of
common names. This work has been
undertaken, and it is believed a publica-
tion can be made within the coming
year, at which time, but probably in a
different form, the names which have
here been adopted for commercial use
will be reprinted in connection with the
assi.gned common names.

EDITORIAL

The Joint Committee makes an urgent
appeal to all members of the organiza-
tions represented in it, and all others
interested in standardizing plant names,
to offer criticisms and suggestions for
the help and instruction of the commit-
tee in its future work. Every one in-
terested in plants and flowers can aid in
this most important work, and thus
hasten the publication of the more com-
plete list which will give both botanical
and common names. Specific sugges-

tions are specially desired. Copies of
the 1917 Official Code of Standardized
Plant Names may be had at cents
each from the secretary of the Joint
Committee, Harlan P. Kelsey, Salem,
Mass.

JI^HAT IS PERPETUAL CAREf

A careful study of what perpetual

care means is one of the most impor-
tant considerations in every cemetery

and there is a wide variety of opinions
and of practice as to just what should
be included under the service known as
perpetual care. Park and Cemetery
invites contrilnitions on this subject.
What is your idea of perpetual care?
The following is from the definition

given by Elmwood Cemetery, Birming-
ham. Ala. :

“General, or Perpetual Care means
the upkeep and care of the roadways,
drives, reservations, sewers, gutters,
water system, buildings, fences, hedges
and grades ; not allowing the grass on
the lots to grow over (1 inches in height;
removing all trash, litter, waste paper,
dead leaves, broken flower vases and
pots, rubbish, wilted flowers and all un-
sightly and prohibited objects; filling in
sunken gra\es and holes, straightening
up leaning monuments and markers ;
maintaining order and decency on the
grounds, protecting, as far as possible,
the property and interests of the lot
owners against theft and deeds of van-
dalism; the care of trees and shrubbery,
etc,

"However, general, or perpetual care,
docs not mean that the cemetery corpo-
ration guarantees to grow grass on any
lot ; or to weed and water flower beds :
or to keep any plants, shrubs or trees
alive; or to replace any plants, shrubs
or trees that die, at their expense; or
to replace or repair any marker, monu-
ment or urn should same become dam-
aged through any natural cause, or by

JUNE, 1917

any person not connected with the
cemetery ; or to clean and scrub any
markers or monuments, except those
that may have been soiled in the course
of some work. Nor does it mean that
the cemetery corporation is obliged to
furnish water or soil or any other ma-
terial to any lot owner, or furnisli
transportation to and from the ceme-
tery. free of charge. Such services as
these are entirely voluntary on the part
of the cemetery corporation, and for
which services the cemetery corporation
reserves the right to make a charge if
it so deems necessary.

‘'.A.ny private work done on a lot,
such as making flower beds, soddin.g
graves, planting, weeding, watering,
cleaning monuments, etc., is not general
care ; and for such work special ar-
rangements must be made.”

PRACTICAL ARBOR DAY WORK

With the reforestation work of the
present season by the school children
in New York State, it is estimated that
more than 100,000 trees have been set
out in small school forests as examples
of a constructive Arbor Day' celebra-
tion, Foresters from the New York
State College of Forestry at Syracuse
Lhiiversity have taken active part in
most of these plantings. Four years ago
Dean Hugh P. Baker conceived the
idea of interesting schools in the es-
tablishment of small forests, and it was
his suggestion that unused portions of
\illage watersheds, undeveloped park
lands and waste or wornout pastures
near the various schools could be profit-
ably planted to small trees, which the
State furnishes at cost. Through the
E.xtension Service of the college, men
ha\e been sent out to supervise the es-
tablishment of these forests whenever
1,999 or more trees are planted, W. E,
Sanderson, who is an assistant in the
Department of Forest Investigations,
had charge at Fort Edward of the
planting of bfi.iHIO pines and spruces on
\illage property. The school children,
Village Board and Civic League co-op-
erated in this work. By well-directed,
energetic efforts of this kind Arbor
Day has come to have a wider and
more practical significance throughout
the State, and the college authori-
ties are enthu.'iastic over the way in
which school children have taken up
the reforestation idea.

102

P A R K A X D C EM ET ER Y.

Highland Park, Rochester’s Unique Park

Yale and South Goodman .001

Burke Terrace .10

Atlantic Circle .0'.1

Evergreen Park .38

.\nderson Park .04

Kelly Triangle , .001

Pike's Quarry 3. 227

Cobb's Hill (il.oO

Carter Street Park 6.84

Webster Avenue Park lO.oO

Convention Hall Triangle .03

Armory Park 2.908

Washington Playground .73

Morrison Park .098

One of the most interesting and indi-
vidual park systems in the country is that
of Rochester, N. Y., and in Highland Park
especially that city has a combined pleasure
ground and botanic garden that is probably
unique among American parks.

The inception of the Rochester park sys-
tem was the gift of Ellwanger & Barry,
the nurserymen, of about 30 acres of choice
ground in the Pinnacle Hills, adjacent to
Mount Hope reservoir. In this tract were
many valuable ornamental trees, and it was
especially adapted for the pinetum and
arboretum that have become famous. This
gift was supplemented by the donors with a
beautiful and substantial children’s pavil-
ion, which occupies the most elevated part
of Highland Park, and which was formally
dedicated to the children of Rochester, ten
thousand of whom were present, in 1900.

Including the smaller parks and squares,
as detailed below, Rochester’s park hold-
ings consist of 1,603 acres, as follows in
acres and fractions of an acre.

Acres

Genesee Valley Park .-139.83

Seneca Park 213.0.5

Maplewood Park 144.61

Highland Park 107, .303

Durand-Eastman Park 484

Plymouth Park .7.5

M'adsworth Park .85

IMadison Park .85

Washington Park 1.08

Franklin Park 1.61

Brown Square 4. .50

Jones Park 6.72

Lake View Park .5.18

Douglass Triangle .66

Sumner Park .58

Beginning notably with the Highland
Par'k Botanic Gardens, there has been no
imitation or copying of other parks in the
Rochester system. Each unit of that system
has its indix'idnality. As seen today, these
parks are the product of one short genera-
tion, and taken as a whole the\' form a
monument to the civic patriotism of the
men who have developed them.

The broad term park is scarcely adequate
to designate Highland Park.

It was the determination of Vice-Presi-
dent William Crawford Barry, who was
one of the members of the first Board of
Park Commissioners and was long the
chairman of the Highland Park Committee,
that Highland Park not only should equal
in its popular charms any park in the United
States, hut, in its scientific features should
rank in importance with the great .Lrnold
.Arboretum of Harvard Lhiiversity.

Rochester has for many years been for-
tunate in that Dr. Charles Sprague Sargent,
director of the Arnold Arboretum; Super-
intendent Calvin C. Laney and Assistant
Superintendent John Dunbar have co-op-
erated with Chairman Barry in developing
the technical features of Highland Pine-
tum and Arboretum. In all but area, High-
land Park possesses all the technical fea-
tures of the Arnold Arboretum.

The number of species and varieties of
trees, shrubs, and vines in the Rochester
park system to date is about 3,880 Of
this number about 3,350 are contained in
Highland Park, and .530 varieties of haw-
thornes in Genesee Valley Park.

The numlrer of species and varieties in
the pinetum in Highland Park is about 300.
The number of the species and varieties in

CHION.AXTHUS RETTSA, OR CHINI-^SE FRINGE; SAID TO BE THE ONLY SPECIilEN
OF THIS PLANT IN THE t'NITED STATES THAT HAS BLOSSOMED.

.JAPANESE LARCH TREKS IN PINETFM, HIGHLAND PARK, ROCHESTER. N. Y.

P A R K A N D

CEMETERY.

103

SPIllAEA PllUNIFOLlA, OR BRIDAL WREATH, IN FORE-
GROUND; KERRIA AND EXOCHORDIA BACK OF THESE;
FIRITHER BACK GROUPING OF WILD ROSES;
FLOWERING CRAB ON THE HILL.

AQITLEGIA AXn FOXGLOVES AT HIGHLAND PARK:
BLACK WILLOW IN DISTANCE; GROUPING OF WEIGELA
BACK OF THE PERENNIAL PLANTING.

the principal genera are : pines, 67 ; spruces,
60; firs, 30; junipers, 46; arbor-vitaes, 40;
yews, 23 ; larches, 9.

Amongst deciduous trees, shrubs and
vines some of the principal genera are:
willows, 77 : poplars, 34 ; walnuts, 8 ;
hickories, 19; birches, 48; oaks, 42; elms,
27; blackberries, 10; basswoods, 26; maples,
73 ; ashes, 34 ; magnolias, 32 ; crab-apples,
45; pears, 19; cherries and plums, 114;
hawthorns in Genesee Valley Park, 530;
loniceras, lo2: rhododendrons, 142; aza-
leas, 130 ; lilacs, 297 ; deutzias, 51 ; phila-
delphus, 50; viburnums, 54; dogwoods, 40:
sumachs, 22 ; spiraeas, 68 ; roses, 225 ; ruhus,
66: ribes, 03; euonymus, 21 ; barberries, 74;
buckthorns, 18.

In the autumn of 1890 Ellwanger & Bar-
ry presented to the Park Commission a
complete collection of all the hardy orna-
mental shrubs in their nurseries which
formed an important nucleus for the ar-
boretum in Highland Park. In the spring
of 1802 the park commissioners made ex-
tensive purchases of trees and shrubs in
numerous nurseries throughout the United
States, England, France and Germany, and
it was at this period that the Highland
Park Arboretum was really established.
One hundred varieties of lilacs were se-
cured at this time.

In the spring of 1896 when the lilacs first
began to bloom, and it was publicly an-
nounced in the press that 100 varieties of

lilacs were to be seen in flower in High-
land Park, crowds went immediately to
see them, and for the past nineteen years
the lilac exhibition has been one of the im-

portant events of tlie year in Rochester.
As told elsewhere, the collection contains
297 species and varieties.

In the spring of 1890 the nucleus of the
interesting collection of coniferous ever-
greens was established on the slopes of the
rax’ine that runs east and west on the north
side of Highland Park. Many of the pines,
spruces and firs have become a highly edu-
cational feature at all times of the year
and have attracted the attention of horti-
cultural experts from all parts of the world.

The planting of rhododendrons was com-
menced in 1900. It was demonstrated by
experiments previous to this in Highland
Park that rhododendrons would not thrive
in the limestone soil of the region. The
soil was removed to a depth of from two
to two and one-half feet and replaced by
pure humus free from lime, and all the
areas and beds filled with rhododendrons
and azaleas have all been constructed on
this plan. What appeared to be an insur-
mountable obstacle was overcome, and the
display of rhododendrons and azaleas is
noted throughout the country.

In 1889 Dr. Charles Sprague Sargent,
director of the Arnold Arboretum, first
visited Highland Park. His interest was
immediately aroused by the large collec-
tion of trees and shrubs he saw and he has
been an annual visitor since that time. Dr.
Sargent interested the park commissioners
and officials in more extensive botanical
research, and recpiested them to make a
systematic examination of the native haw-
thorns and other trees in the Genesee Val-
ley and adjacent regions. This was done

thoroughly and the material was submitted
to Dr Sargent for examination. Many
new species of trees and shrubs were dis-
covered in this collaboration with Dr. Sar-
gent. The large majority of the new spe-
cies discovered were hawthorns.

In 1902 Dr. Sargent sent his first pres-
entation of trees and shrubs to the Park
Board, and with a few exceptions annual
consignments have been given to the park
commissioners since that time by him.
Many of the species of trees and shrubs
discovered in western China by E. H. Wil-
son, who collected in China for Dr. Sar-
gent, have been included in these donations
by Dr. Sargent. Since Dr. Sargent’s ac-
quaintance with the parks, the number of
species and varieties of trees and shrubs
has probably doubled.

In 1906 a beginning was made in estab-
lishing large peony collections at the west
end of Highland Park. The number of
varieties of herbaceous and tree peonies is
now about 408.

The roadway in Genesee Valley Park
adjacent to the boundary line at the south
end of the land given to the city by Miss
Baker is planted on both sides with 530
species of American hawthorns. This is a
unique collection, as it is unquestionably
the largest aggregation of American haw-
thorns in the world outside of the Arnold
Arboretum. They are all growing rapidly,
and in a few years, when they begin to
flower and fruit freely, they' will attract a
great deal of attention.

Duplicate or supplementary collections of
elms, crab-apples, oaks, hickories, ashes

10-!-

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

and maples have been planted in Seneca
Park. They have been arranged in such a
manner that they do not in any way mar
or interfere with the general effect of the
native vegetation.

The land given to the city at Cobb's Hill,
on Culver road, by George Eastman has
been planted with a collection of 13'2 varie-
ties of lilacs and numerous species of new
trees and shrubs from Western China and
the Southwestern United States, and large
numbers of American hawthorns. It has
been planned to make a complete duplicate

collection of the lilacs in Highland Park
on this land.

Adjacent to the pavilion in Highland
Park a herbarium was established. For
the purpose of scientific identification, a
herbarium is absolutely necessary where
large collections of trees and shrubs of the
north temperate zone are growm. When
the last accessions have been mounted and
placed on the shelves there will perhaps be
about 1,00(1 sheets of dried specimens.
When the herbarium was begun the flow-
ers and fruits of the trees and shrubs of

the north temperate zone only were dried,
but of late years the whole native flora has
been included.

It is creditable to the city and to the
members of the Park Commission, past and
present, that politics, the distribution of
political patronage, has never, in all the
twenty-five years of the constructive pe-
riod, entered into the administration of the
park system. It w’as so sacredly cove-
nanted by the fathers; and those who have
come after the fathers have fulfilled the
trust.

Quarantine Against Tree and Plant Diseases

Address before the International Forestry Confererice
by J. G. Sanders, Economic Zoologist, Harrisburg, Pa.

It would seem well nigh prodigal of the
time of this conference to offer any ex-
tensive argument supporting the subjects
which my title portends.

I would presume that the majority of
my auditors are so well informed regard-
ing the pernicious practices which now ob-
tain in the United States, whereby an open-
door is maintained for the introduction of
immense quantities of infested and infected
plant material, that argument for the limi-
tation of this evil w'ould be unnecessary.
But I have eminent reasons to believe that
not all of our co-workers in the promotion
and maintenance of agricultural and horti-
cultural health have fully sensed the pres-
ent pitiful condition of these interests in
our country, nor do I think all of us realize
the many dangers which threaten our wel-
fare with every shipload of foreign plants
discharged on our shores.

If every teacher and student of the prac-
tical sciences, and every member of our
many agricultural experiment stations was
fully cognizant of the history of plant pest
introduction into America, and of the un-
told millions lost annually through their
ravages, it w'ould seem that sufficient pub-
licity could be given the facts, to awaken
careless America to remedial action. I
have used the expression “careless Ameri-
ca" advisedly yet truthfully. We Ameri-
cans are sulijects of derision by foreign
nations, on account of carelessness in many
phases of our national and economic life.
Our coasts are inadequately guarded from
human invasion, aided by powerful ma-
chines of war, and there is but little doubt
that charts and plans of many of our coast
defenses, and full reports of our vulnerable
seacoast are reposing in the vaults of
foreign nations.

These foregoing statements are prelimi-
nary to a recital of needed forms of de-
fense against enemies of plants, which are
threatening the food product possibilities
of our country, just as surely as similar
enemies in the past have entered and at-
tacked our agriculture and horticulture, de-
stroying each year several times the total
annual appropriations for our army and
navy. As the speed of ocean travel lessens
the transportation period and increases the

frequency and facility of shipments from
abroad, we can not expect a diminution of
the danger of plant pest - introduction in
the future. Our judgment from past ex-
periences warns us of even greater evils
to come.

Unwise persons have asserted that soon
we will have imported all the pests which
threaten us, and this danger will have
passed. Impossible ! No one cognizant of
the multitudes of dangerous insects and
plant diseases throughout the world as yet
unreported in this country would accept
such an hypothesis. Just as a wise physi-
cian can diagnose a dangerous disease in
its incipient stage, or can foresee an epi-
demic, if quarantine regulations were aban-
doned or unenforced, so can a plant physi-
cian and entomologist foresee calamity to
agriculture in its various branches, when
precautions are ignored, and dangerous
pests permitted entry and establishment.

Unknown dangers lurk in every shipment
of plants to America from foreign lands.
Even though it might be humanly possible
to inspect them for known foreign pests,
certain insects and diseases, which may be
insignificant in their original native sur-
roundings, when introduced into new terri-
tory without their natural enemies and
checks, and, perchance, finding new and
more pleasing host plants, will multiply
with startling rapiditv, and soon become
destructive pests. The chestnut blight,
white pine blister disease, the citrus canker,
cotton boll weevil and San Jose scale are.
notable examples of development under
these circumstances. Every plant-feeding
insect has the inherent valency' of a de-
structive pest.

Nature conserves the balance, which too
frequently' is disturbed by commerce and
agricultural practices of civilized men. The
pristine condition of America from an ag-
ricultural standpoint was ideal for the pro-
duction of amazing ernos at low cost, on
account of the paucity of destructive in-
sects and plant disease. Could our plants
and seeds have been introduced without the
attendant diseases and insects, we might
today have been growing potatoes free
from scab, early blight, late blight and rot,
powdery scab and scurf, and there would

have been no necessity for the autumn
reduction of the midsummer estimates of
the potato crop by our Federal Agricultural
Department by millions of bushels, occa-
sioned by uncontrolled ravages of the late
blight and rot in 1916. The potato, like
certain other of our agricultural products,
was introduced from abroad, and in the
absence of the introduced pests and dis-
eases our crops w’ould be fully returned.

Since the organization of the Federal
Horticultural Board, and the subsequent
inspection of imported plant material, 508
distinct species of insects, and 189 distinct
plant diseases have been intercepted on
plant imports from abroad. It is safe to
presume that a considerable number of
these would have developed to the stage
of serious and destructive pests, if we may
judge from performances of similar intro-
ductions in the past. By no means, how-
ever, has our inspection been able to pre-
vent the introduction and establishment of
numerous insects and diseases, some of
which may even now be established and are
rapidly multiplying, hut as yet have not
attracted the attention of the scientists.

list of the introduced insect pests and
plant diseases, which have become estab-
lished in this country, would be too exten-
sive and lengthy for consideration at this
time, but I will enumerate a number of
the more important ones, and I am sure
that you will recognize a large number of
those pests which we consider of prime im-
portance in America. It is my rather hasty
determination that approximately 75 per
cent of the major insect pests and plant
diseases of the United States have been
introduced from abroad. Surely some of
the most destructive ones are in this cate-
gory. .Among the many plant diseases
wdiich have probably been introduced, and
are now demanding serious consideration
are the asparagus rust, alfalfa leaf spot,
black rot of cabbage, bean anthracnose and
rust, the pear blight or fire blight, Euro-
pean apple canker, apple scab, pear scab,
brow'll rot of various fruits, the dowmy
mildew and white rust of Cystopus of
cruciferous plants, the black knot of cher-
ries and plums, the chrysanthemum rust,
chestnut blight, diseases of cotton, carna-

tion rust, down,v mildew, powdery mildew
and anthracnose of grape, the hyacinth dis-
ease, the hollyhock rust, the loose smut of
oats, the olive knot disease, practically all
of our various potato diseases, the peach
leaf curl and peach scab, the powdery mil-
dew and rust of roses, ergot affecting rye
and allied cereals, the orange rust of rasp-
berry and blackberry, damping-off disease
common to greenhouse and bedding plants,
\iolet rust, loose smut and rust of wheat
and other grains, and the soft rust of vege-
tables. Also, those recently-introduced dis-
eases, the white pine blister canker, the cit-
rus canker and the poplar disease.

In this list those of you familiar with
plant diseases have noted a large numher
of our serious plant pests ; those more fa-
miliar with the insect pests will recognize,
in the few which I have listed, some of the
most serious creatures ever introduced into
this country — the San Jose scale, the fluted
scale of citrus, the oyster-shell scale, black
scale, red scale of California, red scale of
Florida, European fruit scale, European
fruit lecanium, cottony maple scale and tlw
tulip tree scale, as well as many other scale
insects which are pests in greenhouses
throughout the country; the coddling moth,
Hessian fly, angumois grain moth, the hop
plant louse, cabbage worm, several species
of weevils affecting peas and beans, three
species of domesticated cock roaches, bulb
mites, narcissus bulk fly, the elm leaf beetle,
gipsy moth, brown tail moth, leopard moth,
cotton boll weevil, the alfalfa weevil and
Argentine ant. In this list we find some of
our most expensive and costly importa-
tions : but by no means have we introduced
all which may come to our shores — for
there awaits introduction large numbers of
species of insects and diseases, which are
known to be pests in foreign countries, and
might possibly be much more serious if in-
troduced to America.

The question which arises in our mirds
is a preventive for this amazing and start-
ling condition of affairs, and there seems
to he but one method whereby we may
eliminate further danger absolutely, and
that is by a federal embargo on the further
importation of plants and plant products
from abroad. The imposition at once of
such an embargo would for a time handi-
cap the nurserymen, florists and seedmen
of this country, but there is no reason to
believe that a final adjustment of these
lines can not be effected within a very short
time, so that we will not be dependent on
other countries for our horticultural prod-
ucts.

Statements have been made by our ntirs-
erymen that it is impossible to grow in
America plants of such superior quality,
as are now produced abroad and shipped
to this country. This is a debatable ques-
tion, and will remain so until absolutely
serious efforts have been made in Ameri-
ca to produce these desired products. The
placing of an embargo on the import of
horticultural products would ultimately
benefit the nurserymen, florists and horti-

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

culturists of this country, b\' eliminating
those pests which are gradually being in-
troduced into this country, and just as
surely after due time and opportunity, are
injuring all demand for certain kinds of
nursery and florists' stock. As an instance,
no one in the region now infected with
chestnut blight will buy or plant chestnut
nursery stock. If the citrus canker would
escape control in Florida and ruin the cit-
rus industry, the nurserymen growing cit-
rus stock would have to seek other busi
ness. If the white pine blister canker es-
capes and destroys our white pine as rapid-
ly as it is planted, there will be no de-
mand for nursery stock of this type. Simi-
lar examples might be cited in other lines
if so desired.

The possibility of a federal embargo be-
ing placed on the importation ol nursery
stock has aroused some of our nurserymen
and florists considerably, and they have
maintained that an “absolute embargo''
would almost ruin their business. Certain
of the farseeing, and I may say better in-
formed nurserymen, realize that something
must be done to protect their interests from
the ravages of pests, and after two or three
informal talks with various groups of nurs-
erymen, I am pleased to report that in
most cases these men are willing to forego
the importation of certain classes of what
may be termed “finished nursery prod-
ucts," feeling that they wish to continue
the importation of seedling stock for pro-
pagation in this country. In one informal
conference with some nurserymen, in which
this problem was discussed, there was evi-
denced the feeling that nurserymen gen-
erally would be fairly well satisfied if all
“finished nursery stock," including all
plants with halls of earth about their roots,
were prohibited, and permission given to
import (1) fruit tree seedlings: f2) 2-
.\ear seedlings, cuttings, buds or grafts of
ornamental shrubs; (3) deciduous shade,
ornamental and forest trees not to exceed
six feet; (4) coniferous evergreen stock
not to exceed eighteen inches, except •")-
leafed pines which are prohibited. If a prop-
osition of this sort was maintained and
an embargo arranged accordinglv, I fully
believe that 75 per cent of the present
amount of inspection would be eliminated,
and, furthermore, this arrangement would
eliminate the importation of some plant
imnortations, most dangerous on account
of the impossibility of inspecting them
thoroughly.

After giving this problem much thought
and consideration I feel that I could recom-
mend, without too much injury to the im-
porting nurserymen, an embargo on all im-
portations of plants with earth about the
roots, to be enacted as soon as possible,
and that a three-year period be allowed for
the importation of the classes of nursery
stock outlined above, after which all fur-
ther importations should lie prohibited, ex-
cept importatiens by the United States De-
partment of .Agriculture of such nurserv
stock as is deem.ed desirable by said de-
partment— this to be grown and propa-

i05

gated under quarantine for a reasonable
period before distribution. This proposi-
tion doubtless, even though quite lenient,
will be opposed strongly by many import-
ers, but the question to be considered is
whether we shall continue to permit the
importation of a few thousand dollars
worth of plants, any shipment of which may
bring in a dangerous pest, which ultimately
m3> cost the country millions every year.
Is it not appalling, in consideration of the
long list of imported pests now established
in this country, when we learn that $14,-
293,50(1,000 has been spent in New England
by Massachusetts and other infested states,
with the Federal Government assisting, to
prevent the spread of the gipsy moth?
These figures do not take into account the
immense damage to forests, woodlands,
private and public premises, nor the
amounts of money spent privately for con-
trol of this pest. It would be absurd to at -
tempt an approximate estimate of the total
cost and losses entailed in this country by
the introduction of the San Jose scale
about 1870. The futility of attempts on a
large scale to control an insect pest or a
disease, which has once' gained a firm foot-
hold in this country, is apparent, for in no
case have any such attempts succeeded in
this country, nor will they ever succeed
under the present system of government,
unless very broad, comprehensive power is
given to some official board. Our experi-
ences of the past show that the actions
taken for control are usually several years
behind the advance of the pest.

The establishment of an embargo on
“finished plant products'' would place in
the hands of our legitimate nurserymen
and growers the very business in which
they are concerned, and would eliminate
the present baneful system whereby nursery
stock of doubtful origin, variety and quali-
ty is sold by brokers, dealers and commis-
sion houses everywhere. Much of this stock
is shipped to this country to he sold on
consignment or at auction, and it is often-
times of such poor quality that it should
have Iieen placed on the brush pile in for-
eign countries. The nurserymen of this
country have done little to protect them-
selves against this practice, but as a mat-
ter of fact the step has been taken for
them 1)y an agreement recently signed by all
but five of the growers and exporters in
Holland, binding them to prevent further
shipment of nursery stock for sale at auc-
tion in this country. According to latest
reports only five Holland exporters re-
fused to sign this agreement.

Adam Smith in his valuable treatise,
“The Wealth of Nations," says, “By re-
straining, either by high duties, or by ab-
solute prohibitions, the importation of such
goods from foreign countries as can be
produced at home, the monopoly of the
home market is more or less secured to the
domestic industry employed in producing
them.”

Destruction of the nursery and florists
business would not follow the adoption of

106

PARK AND CEMETER F.

a limited embargo as outlined above, to be
succeeded after a short period by an abso-
lute embargo.

Years ago Germany, France, Austria-
Hungary, Holland, Switzerland and Tur-
key prohibited absolutely all entries of
nursery stock from the United States.
These countries took this step after one
severe lesson, viz., the introduction of the
grape phylloxera from America, which
ruined their vineyards, but we have had
numerous severe lessons in the United
States Init no adequate measures for pro-
tection have been adopted and enforced.
Had the United States Government taken

Plan

One of the most interesting formal gar-
den constructions in a public park is to
be found in the new Garfield Gardens re-
cently developed in Garfield Park, Indian-
apolis.

The plan embodies a formal design of
garden, including brick walks, three foun-
tains and concrete vases at walk intersec-
tions for bay trees. The garden is lighted
by an underground system of cables lead-
ing to concrete standards, mounted with

similar action, even at that time, this coun-
try would now be free from the brown-
tail moth, leopard moth, citrus canker,
chestnut blight, white pine blister canker,
alfalfa weevil and many lesser pests in-
troduced since that time.

Only this year we are informed that an
extremely dangerous borer of the twigs of
peach, apricot, cherry and plum trees has
been introduced into the District of Colum-
bia, presumably from Japan, and having
multiplied enormously has spread for miles
around, injuring about 90 per cent of these
trees in its path. At this time it promises
to Ije one of the most serious fruits pests

Imonze lanterns carrying 100 watt lamps.

The Garfield Gardens were laid out by
George E. Kessler of St. Louis, and the
details were executed by a local architect
after Mr. Kessler severed his connection
with the department. The walks are brick,
laid in pattern, with concrete gutters, and
the vases at the intersections of the walks
are made of concrete with tile inlay. The
plan of this garden is the formal central
portion in which there is lawn and soft

ever introduced in this country.

Under the present conditions of inade-
quate and nearly futile inspection, the im-
portation of pests will be a continuous per-
formance. It is beyond human ability of
the most expert kind to inspect plant im-
ports with absolute certainty, and past ex-
perience has shown the weakness and fail-
ure of our present system. Afore stringent
methods must be adopted. I firmly believe
that there reposes in the educated men of
this country a sacred trust that they shall
pass on to the ne.xt generation the optimum
conditions for the promotion of agriculture,
horticulture, forestry and public health.

Park Garden

wood stock, principally coleus, used for
design. This merges into a border of per-
ennials and certain portions devoted to
varieties of roses, mostly teas and hybrid-
teas, the whole being framed by a border
of hardy shrubs and trees.

The architectural plans were prepared
by the firm of Vonnegut and Bohn and the
work superintended by their representative.

The water displays were designed and
installed by F. W. Darlington of Chicago.

and Construction of

PARK A N D

CEMETERY.

107

GARFIELD GARDENS— LOOKING WEST FROM OUTLOOK.

The fountains are equipped with apparatus
for varying the displays and for lighting
effects at night. The contract work on the
gardens amounted to $34,7h0.30.

The fundamental rule of landscaping is
to create a picture and the effort has been
to carry out this principle in the construc-
tion of these gardens.

(

During the early spring, as soon as the
contractors finished a section, men were
employed to bring this to a finished grade
and it was sodded and flower beds were
traced ; later on these were planted with
highly colored foliage plants. These sec-
tions were kept in good condition during
the summer and were much admired.

After the contract was finished for all
symmetrical work, a force of men was em-
ployed to construct walks of crushed stone
throughout the balance of the garden,
bring all ground to a smooth surface and
prepare beds for the informal planting of
perennials in masses.

Superintendent of Parks Jas. H. Lowry

GARFIELD GARDENS— GREENHOUSE AND OUTLOOK IN BACKGROUND.

1G3

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

recommends that the creek to the west he
straightened. This will not only protect
the banks from the erosion of the stream,
but will enable this department to have a
fine site for a natural aquatic pond ; by do-
ing this it will then be able to offer a dis-
play of all kinds of flowers. The location
selected for the aquatic pond is in the
southwest section of the garden. This pool

could always have fresh water from the
small stream ; it also has a natural setting
of native trees. A small rustic bridge
would add much beauty to this part of the
gardens.

This picture, when complete, will have a
frame of shrubs and trees, with an occa-
sional vista to the center of attraction.
Next to this will be great masses of peren-

nial stock w'ith inegular sod lines and all
highly colored foliage plants will be used
in the symmetrical bedding.

The rose garden will be located in the
triangle to the north. There will be six-
teen beds of different varieties of hybrid
tea roses: the work of removing soil, sup-
plying drainage and proper soil has just
been completed.

Interesting

Cemetery Entrance Structures

M.\IN ENTRANCE TO CYPRESS LAWN
CEJlETEttY, SAN FltANCISCO.

NORJrAN TOWER ENTRANCE TO CYPRESS
LAWN ON SAN BRUNO BOULEVARD.

Probably one of the most unusual ceme-
tery entrances in the country is the new
tow'er entrance to Cypress Lawn Cemetery
in San Mateo County, California, ten miles
from San Francisco. Entrance to the
cem.etery proper is reached from the old
Mission Road at the western end, where
the gateway consists of a granite archway
of beautiful design. During recent years
the San Bruno road, which Ijounds the
eastern end of the cemetery, has been con-
verted into a boulevard much used l^y auto-
mobiles, thus necessitating the erection of
some sort of a gateway at that part of the
cemetery. The management departed from
the now usual custom of constructing an
arclnvay and have erected tw'o Norman
towers about 3u feet in height and nearly
dO feet apart, built entirely of California
granite. The towers wdll be joined by a
metal gate where a man will be stationed
to let automobiles or other vehicles pass
through. These tow'ers present a pictur-
esque appearance, and will greatly enhance
the beauty of that portion of the cemetery.

The management has also en route to
San Francisco an electric omnibus having
seating capacity for nine persons which
will be utilized at the cemetery for the
sole purpose of conveying lot-holders and
visitors to the different sections. The
cemetery contains sixty acres, entirely un-
der perpetual care, interspersed with manv
beautiful drivewa>'s and avenues, and the
bus will be a much appreciated convenience

to the lot-holders. The Inis is in addition
to the two surreys now being used for this
purpose.

Cypress Lawn, with the San Bruno
mountains rising immediately to the rear,
makes one of the most picturesque and
iDeautiful burial places in America. The
land is rolling and rises gently from the
Mission Road to the rear line of an eleva-

tion of 17.5 feet, which insures good drain-
age. From each section one gets a good
view of the whole cemetery. Climatic con-
ditions are such that the cemetery presents
a mid-summer appearance the year around,
an interesting feature to other than Cali-
fornia readers. The chapel is for the free
use of patrons of the cemetery. It is built
of brick and stone in Gothic style of

VIEW OF LAKE NEAR ENTRANCE, CYPRESS LAWN CEMETERY.

PARK AKD CEMETERY.

109

architecture and standing upon a gentle
sloping lawn backed by a luxuriant growth
of shrubs and tall trees is admirably sit-
uated and presents a most picturesque view.
The audience room, closed upon both sides
with a conservatory, is used by any and all
religious denominations, where any form

of burial ser\ices may be held amid the
odor and loveliness of flowers, summer
and winter.

The receiving vault adjoining in the rear
contains 130 niches substantially and artis-
tically constructed, well ventilated and dry.
The arched roof and dome has a setting of

rich stained glass. Since opening the ceme-
tery in 18fl’2, about 17,000 interments have
been made, and the success of the per-
petual care plan is attested by the growth
of the perpetual care fund during the
twenty-five years of the cemetery's exist-
ence to over $400,000.

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions zvhich xAU be an-
szecred by an attorney zvithout charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Restrictions on Disinterment

Editor Legal Department : '“A owns a lot
in what is known as an old cemetery, in
which there are several interments. He de-
sires to remove the body to another ceme-
tery.

1. What are his rights in this?

2. Can the old cemetery company refuse
permission to remove?

3. Can they give permission, but require
$25 for simply disinterring?

4. If the owner desires to make the dis-
interments himself, has he a right to go
upon the lot and do so, if he does not in-
jure the lot, drives or other lots?

This question has come up with us am'
will need settling sometime or other, and it
seems to us that a charge of $25 is un-
reasonable, and if the owner desired to do
the work himself that he would have a per-
fect right to do so, provided he worked
no injury to others." — P. H., 111.

The old cemeter}' company has no arbi-
trary right to refuse to permit removal of
the bodies to another cemetery, and if it
attempts to act arbitrarily suit will lie to
cn'oin it from such interference.

But there are certain considerations
which might justify the company in its re-
fusal. For example, should it appear that
one of the deceased persons left a will ex-
pressing a desire that his or her remains
remain in the old grave, the company would
act within its rights in resisting a removal.
Or should it appear that there are relatives
of the deceased closer of kin than who
oppose the removal, it would be proper for
the company to obstruct a removal

The law disfavors disinterments, in the
absence of some good reason for the re-
moval. But so long as there is no menace
to the public health in removing certain
graves, and no invasion of the wishes of
the deceased or his surviving relatives, the
next of kin are entitled to make reinter-
ment. Especially is this true where the old
.grave is in a cemetery that is falling into
neglect.

Certain it is that a cemetery companv or
association is not entitled to levy tribute
on the right of removal. I am clearly of
the opinion that the company in question
is not entitled to charge any part of $25, as
a condition upon consenting to a removal,
except as the charge may be re''psspr\' to
reimburse the company again=t incidental
e.xpense.

From the trend of court decisions. I am
also of the opinion that if there is no es-
tablished by-law of the company requiring
disinterments to be made by employes ot
the company, the lot owner is entitled to
make the removal personally, or by his
own employes, provided that the work is
done in a proper manner, restoring the sur-
face of the lot in good order, and inflict-
ing no injur_\- upon adjoining lots or other
parts of the cemetery.

But this seems to be a case for applying
the well-settled rule of law, that a cemetery
company or association can make reason-
able rules and regulations governing the
use of lots. And I should say that if when
A bought his lot there was in force a rea-
sonable rule controlling disinterments, or
if his lot certificate or deed contained the
common provision to the effect that he
would abide by existing and subsequently
adopted rules established by the company,
and there is now in force a rule requiring
the work of disinterring bodies to be done
by the cemetery sexton or other employes
of the company, almost any court would
say that it is a valid regulation.

Most of the courts hold that a cemetery
organization is entitled to control matters
pertaining to the construction of founda-
tions, railings, fences, etc., in and about
lots, in the interest of the cemetery grounds
at large, and it occurs to me that the same
considerations would apply with just as
much force to disinterments. It is quite
natural that A, or his employes, being in-
terested only in the matter of getting the
bodies out of the old burial grounds, would
b,e apt to slight refilling of the graves and
resurfacing of the lots. .'\t least, there
would be an incent''"' o'd cemetery

company to restore the lot in better con-
dition than persons disinterested in the
future of the grounds would have.

But even under such a regulation, the
company could not defend its act'on in re-
quiring a lot owner to pay a disinterment
fee grossly in excess of the reasonable
expense Incurred by the cemetery.

Reasonable Cemetery Regulations

An ordinance requiring all graves in a
municipal cemetery, and all vaults, to be
constructed by an official employe of the
cemetery has been upheld by the Georgia
Supreme Court as being valid, in the re-
cent case of Citv Council of Augusta vs.
Bredenberg, fll Southeastern Reporter, 48fl

The city of Augusta owned and main-
tained a cemetery. An ordinance was dul\-
passed declaring: "The City Cemetery
shall be under the special charge of a com-
mittee to be styled, 'The Committee of
City Cemetery.' It shall be the duty of
said committee, whenever it becomes nec-
essary, to lay out or alter such avenues
or walks and to make such rules and regu-
lations as they may deem requisite and
proper for the management of said ceme-
tery, and those employed therein.’’ There-
after another ordinance was adopted,
which provided that the city council shall
elect, "an officer who shall be known as
‘cemetery brick mason and gravedigger.' "
The ordinance also specified that the offi-
cer should maintain an office in the ceme-
tery, and provided that his term should lie
for three years, and that he should receiie
specified fees for digging graves and con-
structing vaults: and provided, further,
“that any brick mason shall have the priv
ilege of doing this work when called on."
This ordinance was amended liy another
ordinance by striking out the words last
quoted, and inserting in lieu thereof the
words : “That any brick mason resident,
and doing business in the city of .Aiygusta,
shall have the privilege of doing any work-
in the cemetery, e.xcept such work as spe-
cifically provided for in section 2 of this
ordinance’' (digging of graves and con-
structing vaults). Prior to the amendment
last mentioned a person had paid to t're
city treasurer the customary price for cer-
tain lots, and received certificates signed
b\- the city sexton and countersigned liy
the city treasurer, which, omitting dates,
names, description of land, and considera-
tion, were as follows: “This is to certifv

that has bought of the city conned

of .Augusta, section in the City Cem-
etery, known on plan of same as

section and number for the sum of

$ , the receipt whereof is hereby ac-

knowledged: and this certificate anq re-
ceipt when countersigned by the collector
and treasurer will give the purchaser a
fee-simple title." After the passage of tlie
ordinance last m.entioned the person hold-
ing the certificates to the lots employed a
person, who for a number of years had
been city sexton, to remove the body of the
deceased wife of the holder of the certifi-
cates from one lot to another lot in the
cemeterv, which involved the digging of

P A RK AND C EM ET ER F.

no

graves. When the person so emplo3ed re-
quested permission from those in charge
of the cemetery to dig the graves, he was
denied the privilege of doing so, for no
other reason than tliat, under the ordi-
nance last mentioned, no person was au-
thorized to dig graves or construct ^•aults
other than the city brick mason and grave-
digger.

In these circumstances, the Supreme
Court decided the following points :

The holder of the certificates for the
burial lots did not by virtue of such cer-
tificates become the owner of the fee in the
lots, but merel_\- of a right therein for the
purpose of burying the dead and maintain-
ing the grounds as a burial place, sulq'ect
to reasonable control and regulations by the
city.

The right of the holder was subject to
the subsequent regulation imposed by an
ordinance providing that no person, other
than the city brick mason and grave di.g-
ger should dig graves or construct vaults
in the citv- cemetery.

The provision of the ordinance was not
unreasonalde, solely because of its exclu-
siveness, and was not in violation of the
due process clause, or the equal protection
clause, of the Constitution of the United
States (Fourteenth Amendment), or of the
Constitution of the state of Georgia (ar-
ticle 1, sec. 1, par. 3).

Liability of Cemetery Stockholders

Wlien a creditor has sued a cemetery
corporation at law to judgment, and had
execution thereon returned "No property
found," such creditor may proceed in equity
to compel payment by stockholders who
have surrendered their stock and taken
assets of the corporation in lieu thereof,
so that a stockholder who has paid up his
subscription with propert},' at an inflated
value may be subjected by such a creditor
in the same manner to the extent of the
amount due the corporation. (Alabama
Supreme Court, Bellview Cemetery Com-
pany vs. Faulks, 73 Southern Reporter,
027.)

Rights of Burial Lot Purchaser

Where plaintiff purchased a burial lot
from defendant church trustees’ agent,
whose authority was limited to the care
of the cemetery and sale of lots, and who
had no authority to sell any part of the
ground under an old church, which covered
a portion of the lot purchased by plaintiff,
nor authority to bind the defendants by a
contract for the removal of the church,,
plaintiff was not entitled to an injunction
requiring the defendants to remove the
building from his lot or denying defendants
the right to repair or remodel it. It would
he an unwarranted exercise of the powers
of the court to specifically enforce an agree-
ment requiring the removal of a $1,500
building to release a disputed fraction of
a $12 lot, instead of awarding compensa-
tion in damages, since specific perform-
ance of an agreement will not be decreed
when the injury to the defendant will he
far greater than the benefit which plaintiff
might derive. (Maryland Court of Ap-
peals, Smith vs. Meyers, 90 Atlantic Re-
porter, 038.)

Historic and Modern in Vincennes Cemetery

LAWN VIEW, VINCE'XXES CE.AtETERY.

ENTIIAXCE. CITY CEMETERY, VIXCEXXES, IXD.

The most beautiful and picturesque place
in or around the historic city of old Vin-
cennes, Indiana’s oldest city, is its ceme-
teries. The\' are owned and controlled by
the city, the superintendent being appointed
b\' the mayor and his cemetery board.
There are 100 acres of modern landscape
and lawn and 50 acres in the old cemetery
which have been a burial ground long
before Vincennes was a city or Indiana
was a state, when the Indians roamed the
neighboring forests.

Alany renowned Indianians are resting
beneath the old headstones, some of
which date a century back. This part is
laid out under the old plan of squares, but
the new cemetery, which onl\’ twenty j'ears
ago was a corn field and sand hills, is
laid out on the modern park plan, and its
fine appearance attracts visitors from a

wide territory and is the pride of the citi-
zens.

The old cemetery is rolling ground with
subsoil of black loam, sand and gravel un-
derlying. It has been in use over 130 years.

The old cemetery was taken by the town

IXTERSECTION OF DRIVES,
VIXCEXXES CEMETERY.

of Vincennes before it was incorporated;
in 181(1 was added to. Later more terri-
tory was acquired and placed under trus-
tee control. The new cemetery was opened
in 1890.

The new cemetery was devised by the
council and laid out by O. C. Simonds of
Chicago in 1890. The new cemetery is
very carefully carried out so that there is
a succession of bloom from early summer
to late in fall, followed by red berries that
continue throughout the winter months.

There are about 250 interments a year,
with a total since records were kept of
about 5,562.

The principal trees and shrubs in the new
cemeterv' include pines, maples, plums, syc-
amore, spiraea, sumac and winter berry.
In the old cemetery is a vast forest of
maples and cedars.

C. M. Gilmore is superintendent.

. ■ ■

PARK AND C E M ET E RY.

Ill

Best Types of Modern American Cross Tablets

By ERNEST STEVENS LELAND

One of the most interesting historic
types of memorial is the Celtic cross-
slab, and there are manj- fine modern
adaptations of this ancient type oi
memorial. The art of the Celt is
so closely identified with his race
and times, that we may naturall}'
be moved to question the fitness of a
Celtic monument on a modern cemetery
plot. And indeed, when the designer,
for want of imagination, has literally
copied an ancient monument, there is
some foundation for our uncertainty.
It is to the skillful adaptor that art is
most deeply indebted, for by the fruit
of his labors the evolution of art has
progressed. Ruskin has well said in
his “Seven Lamps of Architecture’’: “It
is no sign of deadness in a present art
that it borrows or imitates, but only if
it borrows without paying interest, or
if it imitates without choice.” The at-
tempts are legion in which men have
sought to create a “new and distinctive
art” unlike anything before ; but their
names and their work are sunk' in
oblivion. In defending the American
architect, so often derided for “having
no style of his own,” Talbot Hamlin in
his “Enjoyment of Architecture” (Duf-
field and Co.) has said, “In drawing in-
spiration from these channels and in
adopting forms developed in Europe,
our architects committed no artistic
sin ; they were merely following the
same methods that the architects of all
great ages have followed. Beauty is
the architect’s aim and beauty is a qual-
ity that knows neither race nor nation.
The Cretan copied Egypt, the Hellene
copied the Cretan, the Roman copied
the Greek, the Renaissance copied the
Roman, the modern architect copies
them all.” And so it is and should be
with the designer of memorials. For
many years we have suffered a “style
of our own” but thanks to progressive
craftsmen and journals, we are turning
our attention to all that is best in the
past and we are steadily setting a stand-
ard of memorial art which even the Old
World may find instructive.

The dominant note of all that is best
in American memorial art is a refined
simplicity. Our leading designers in all
fields are persistently avoiding every-
thing that approaches burdensome or-
namentation. However elaborate a
work may be, it will be found that the
ensemble by virtue of its directness of
purpose, unity and refinement, has ef-
fected a result that is not over-wrought,
complicated, confusing or “fancy.” This
achievement is due no doubt to the great
emphasis laid on the principles of de-

JUDSON TABLET, HAMILTON, N. Y.

sign and aesthetic composition in our
art schools. There are innumerable
books, a reading of which would pre-
clude much that is bad in our field. The
laws of good and bad effects have been
quite clearly defined in these works and
so interestingly have many of them
been written that to study them is a
pleasure.

The “ensign and chosen symbol of
Christianity,” the cross, is perhaps the
most common adornment of our mem-
orials, and the most thoughtlessly man-
aged. We find it placed diagonally on
the “cap” of a monument as if it had
been dropped there, hit or miss. Again
it is often found standing on the top of
a large cap, totally out of proportion
and relation to the rest of the composi-

JENCKES TABLET, SWAN POINT
CEMETERY, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

tion, as if by afterthought it had been
thought “nice” to add the cross. Surely
if this cherished symbol of the Saviour's
sacrifice is to be used, it demands a
dominant position and one which im-
plies that care has been used to make
the other details sul^ser^’ient to it. With
the exception of instances when the
cross is used in the form of small lial-
ancing ornaments, it should always be
closely identified with the climax of the
composition. When it is desired to give
prominence to the cross in moderate
priced memorials, there is no better
form than the cross-slah, for here,
whether it be in relief or incised, it
dominates. If wisely designed, a beau-
tiful, expressive and refined result is
attained. The Celtic form of the cross-
slab need not be treated with interlaced
work or other elaboration, tho many
highly effective motifs may be found
which can be used at small outlay.

The evolution of the familiar Celtic
Cross from the rude “pillar-stone”
stage, is a very interesting hypothesis,
and while it is not claimed by au-
thorities that the changes took place in
chronological order, it may be helpful
to brief!}' consider it. The so-called
architectural shape, the earlier exam-
ples being crudely decorated with a
simple in vised cross on both the front
and back. In place of the cross, the
Sacred IMonogram (XP) is often used.
The familiar cross and circle or nimbus
was later adopted together with some
elaboration, from which stage we grad-
ually find the slali commencing to take
definite form. This, the erect and re-
cumbent cross slab, was later devel-
oped into the “wheel-cross” by cutting
away the stone around the nimbus or
circle, which at that time completely en-
closed the arms of the cross. The evo-
lution of the free standing cross from,
the latter stage is obvious, as the “cut-
ting-away” process was simply applied
to the whole slab, leaving the cross and
circle alone.

The extensive use of limestone in this
country for Celtic crosses and slabs
would seem to have ample precedent
among ancient examples and the rea-
sons which prompted the use of easy
working stone in those days apply in
our modern reproductions. There is,
however, one other important reason
for the use of limestone in recent Celtic
monuments, and that is, the interesting
discoloration which takes place, giving
an air of antiquity to the work which
is hard to attain in the granite.

112

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

However, when properly treated with
a chiseled or sketchy finish oiir Amer-
ican red granites give the desired effect.

It would be hard to find a more strik-
ing illustration of the simple cross slab
than the Harold Vernon memorial at
Williamsburg, Mass. Devoid of any or-
namentation whatsoever, even to the

mensions . Die, ; base,

4'-.3.x 1 -4x0-6 ; B base, 4-lO^.xl-ini/^ xO-9,
3-Ox 1-0 around the top. Let us again
notice how well the comparatively small
base lends support to the large stone
above.

The Roberts slab: Not so interest-
ing in outline as the Celtic cross, the

interest has been given to the cross by
fine pointing the background and this
device made possible the introduction
of a base. If there had been no con-
trast in the surfaces, this detail would
have suffered unless a bolder and less
desirable relief had been adopted. The
name panel is another example of the

SIMPLE FORM OF LATIN CROSS VERNON MEMORIAL, WILLIAMSBURG, MASS.

omission of the nimbus, the cross is
nevertheless distinguished and satisfy-
ing, though it is formed by simple
square sunk lines. It seems hard to be-
lieve that such an effective result may
he reached l)y so simple a device. It
is also worth noting that necessary
economy played no part in designing
this work as Mr. Vernon was a man
of means and closely related to the late
Marshall Field. Had the nimbus been
introduced in this design, the cross
would necessarily have been made much
narrower, thus perhaps denying the
work a certain bold freedom which
gives an air of distinction to the com-
position. This memorial was executed
in Barre granite. The photographer of
this work furnishes the following di-

Latin form is nevertheless popular with
some who consider it to be more inti-
mately identified with the church. The
chaste simplicity of the Roman cross is
perhaps compensation enough for the
severity and angularity which the Celtic
form so largely overcomes. For in-
stance, had this type of cross been used
on the Vernon memorial, the result
would have been quite uninteresting. In
developing the Roberts design, however,
the artist has largely overcome this dif-
ficulty by several effective devices. He
has “tiea in” the cross by a relieving
margin. The gradually receding back-
ground leaves the cross “flush” with the
face of the border while it has the ef-
fect of giving emphasis to the upper
and important part of the cross. Added

delicately raised letter emphasized by a
picked or pointed background. It is
well to mark that the absence of “bat-
ter” in this composition has given, in
the photograph, a feeling of greater
width at the top than the bottom. A
very delicate tapering of the sides is
never harmful and quite commonly
necessary in designs of this type.

The PRATT Cross: It will be found
that crosses of this type, frequently sup-
ported by a base, are styded Wheel-
Crosses or Disc-Crosses by some writ-
ers. Peculiar to Wales, Cornwall and
the Isle of Man, w'e find none in' Ire-
land or Scotland. The Pratt is almost
a precise duplicate of the headstone
cross now preserved in the Chapter
House at Margam, Glamorganshire,

PARK AXD CEMETERY.

Wales, and it is interesting to note that
this little tablet is considered by main-
authorities to be one of the finest ex-
amples of this type of cross — and
indeed of Celtic art in general.
I am able to give the following
few dimensions of the original ; 2-7
across the face at the ground line, the
sides tapering to 2-0, where they meet
the wheel, which is 2-4 in diameter.
The total height is six feet. A very
slight entasis has been given to the sides
of the Pratt, which, perhaps, lends a lit-
tle added interest over its prototype.
The rugged, tooled surface has not been
given to the ornament of the Pratt, a
feature which greatly improves any
copy of these ancient stones. This mod-
ern reproduction of the stone at Mar-
gam stands in Crown Hill Cemetery,
Indianapolis. It was designed and exe-
cuted by the Tiffany Studios, of New
York.

The JENCKES Cross-slab: This in-
teresting cross tablet was produced by
John E\ans & Co. of Boston, and
is an excellent illustration of the ef-
fective results obtained by tooling the
plain surfaces as well as the carved.
One of the most interesting touches in
this work is the device for balancing up
the two inscriptions of an unequal num-
ber of lines. When the last date shall

have been inscribed on the left side of
the cross, there will be a total of six
lines, whereas the already completed in-
scription on the right requires but four
lines. The artist has so perfectly de-
veloped the ornament in the tw'O unnec-
essary lines that one hardly notices the
device. The Evans company very
courteously gave us the following di-
mensions and explained that their name
for the surface treatment is “chiseled" :
2-2 X 0-6 at the bottom, 1-10 x O-o at the
top ; the total height, 3-8.

The OLCOTT Headstone : No less
than a dozen friends of the writer, men
in varied w'alks of life, find in this
simple, unobtrusive headstone an appeal
w'hich they with difficulty define. Aside
from any symbolical significance, the
appeal can no doubt be traced to the
perfect balance and unity, modesty and
refinement. Unless one is gifted wfith,
or has acquired, a sense of understand-
ing, no amount of language in the at-
tempt to analyze a composition will
aw-aken appreciation ; and yet there are
some elements in this impressive head-
stone that even a novice must sense.
Reminiscent of the early “pillar stone,”
the Olcott bears a simple, unadorned
cross and nimbus, the shaft terminating
in a circle enclosing the Sacred IMono-
gram. A feature which stamps this as

the work of a master designer is the
very slight projection given the back-
ground at the lower extremity of the
cross. This touch not only suggests a
support for the cross treatment, but it
relieves the plainness of the face, gives
strength to the composition and tends
to emphasize that portion of the stone
which bears the inscription. The wavy,
yet finished, surface of this headstone,
together with the uncertain outline,
lends an air of age to the work which is
in complete harmony wfith the theme.
This design might w'ell be developed on
a larger scale, adapting it to the pre-
requisites of a family memorial. If the
designer undertaking this task will re-
ligiously adhere to the subtle touches
which make the Olcott so satisfying, he
should produce an altogether beautiful
work at small outlay.

The JUDSON Memorial: This me-
morial is verj' similar to a cross slab
that stands in St. Calmag's Buteshire.
In photographing the Judson, it
was neces.sar\- to fix the camera
in a position which rather empha-
sizes the rounding outlines of this
work. The interstices of the cross-
arms contain clusters of the “Classic
Vine," while the graceful cross ter-
minates in a horizontal panel which
many of us could scarcely refrain from

fPUlGHT CROSS TABLET, MT. AUBlTtN CEJI ETFttY, CAMBRIEGE, MASS.

114

PARK AND CEMETERY.

CELTIC CROSS SLAB IN CROWN
HILL CEMETERY, INDIANAPOLIS.

filling up with a “family name.’’ Let us
note that the designer studiously refused
to balance the ornament in the lower right-
hand corner with a similar detail on the
left side — a trait of the Celtic stone-carver.
This memorial was carved for the Leland
Company by Correll and Burrell of Odon.
Ind. It was done in limestone and meas-
ures 4-0 X 1-9 X 7-0.

The WALES Design ; This sketch by
the writer may suggest how an added in-
terest can be given our more common form
of upright tablets by introducing some
simple Celtic detail and giving a slight

SUGGESTION FOR UPRIGHT SLAB
WITH SniFLE CELTIC ORNAMENT.

entasis to the outline. The ornament used
in this drawing was based on a key-pattern
motif adorning an erect cross-slab at Pen-
Arthur, Pembrokeshire. No other decora-
tion adorns the Pen-Arthur stone. The
Wales design should be given one of the
tooled finishes. When used, these chiseled
surfaces make it necessary to avoid the
small incised letter. Either the record let-
ters must be raised in a sunken panel, or a
fine hammered surface in the form of a
panel may be utilized for the ordinary
sunken letters. The sizes are as follows :
Die, 2-4 X 0-8 x 5-0 ; base, 3-0 x 1-10 x 1-2.

OLCOTT HEADSTONE.

The die tapers to 2-0 x 0-6 at the top. The
ornament is 1-5 in diameter and is equi-
distant from the top and sides.

The “Tappan” cross-tablet illustrated on
page 113 of this issue, while not purely
Celtic in its decoration, seems properly to
belong among the upright cross-tablets, and
a number of interesting stock types have
been developed from this form. It is of
Westerly granite and stands in Mt. Auburn
Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass. It was erect-
ed by the Westerly Granite Co., of Boston,
and is of the following dimensions; Base,
3-0x1-114x0-5 high.

From the Cemetery Rule Books

Extracts from Rules of Elmwood Cemetery, Birmingham, Ala.

Lots are sold for no other purpose than
for the burial of human bodies of the white
race.

When there are two or more persons in-
terested as owners of lot, no dividing lines
within same will be recognized by the Cem-
etery Corporation, all owners having equal
rights of interment.

Joint deeds to lots will be given, although
the Cemetery Corporation seeks to dis-
courage this practice as much as possible,
as one that often gives rise to disputes and
disagreements.

No lot owner shall have the right to have
a body interred within the bounds of his
or her lot, for any renumeration, sale or
hire of space.

Should there be an interment on a lot
not paid for, the Cemetery Corporation has
a right to disinter the body and remove
the same to the single grave block, when
the option expires.

The Cemetery Corporation may refuse
to allow interment on a lot against which
there is a charge over three months old for
previous interment, or on which an option
has expired and not being fully paid for.

No inclosures of any kind will be al-
lowed around any lot, neither coping, curb-
ing, fencing, hedging, flowers or borders.

However, the Cemetery Corporation al-
lows the owner to outline the lot by plant-
ing a small shrub at each corner. Never-
theless, the Cemetery Corporation neither
solicits or encourages this practice, as it
tends to give the lawn a stiff, checker-board
effect, and thus mars the general beauty of
the section.

If a planting on a lot is desired, same
may be allowed after consulting the super-
intendent, and with the consent of the
Cemetery Corporation. But in no case
shall the work of planting or preparing
the beds be executed except by employes
of the cemetery, and under the supervision
of the superintendent. For such services
a nominal charge may be made.

No walks of brick, chert, cinders, stone,
marble or terra cotta, tiles, sand, cement,
concrete, gravel or wood shall be allowed
on any lot.

No trinkets, toys, shells, artificial flow-
ers, glass cases, pickle jars, tin cans, etc.,
or brick, sand or other artificial material
will be allowed on any lot; and such arti-

cles and material will be removed without
further notice.

Only wire settees, iron and wooden seats,,
when painted and in repair, potted plants,
cut flowers, and cut flower vases will be
allowed on lots. Broken and unpainted
seats will be removed.

Flowers will be allowed on graves or in
beds onh', but not to scatter over lots.

The superintendent shall have the right
to remove all unsightly and forbidden ob-
jects, and to destroy all diseased or un-
sightlj' trees, shrubs or plants, or, if for
some reason they have become detrimental,
undesirable or inconvenient.

While the Cemetery Corporation in ex-
ecuting planting guarantees the work to
be done in a thorough and first-class man-
ner, under no circumstances will it guaran-
tee that the plants shall live, nor will it
replace any that die at its expense.

Vaults. — For the benefit of those who-
desire vault graves, we wish to say that
there are several kinds of vaults in use,
such as those made of brick, steel, slate,
stone and concrete. Of these various kinds,
the Cemetery Corporation recommends
those made of concrete, above all others.

P A R K A iX D CEMETERY.

115

Erick and steel vaults are not recommend-
■ed, although their use is not absolutely
prohibited, for the reason that brick vaults
seldom keep water out, and steel vaults
rust out in the ground, in a comparatively
short time. The price of stone and slate
vaults is prohibiti\ e, and they are generally
impossible to construct on short notice.
Concrete vaults, when well made, are air,
water, vermin and root-proof, cheap, easily
handled, and as lasting as stone. Prices
■on \aulted graves on application.

Mounds. — While there seems to be quite
a popular demand for the square or "box”
mound, experience has taught us that they
are not very desirable or practical, and
certainly do not add to the general attrac-
tiveness of the well-kept and modern ceme-
tery landscape. The frost of winter and
the heat of summer, as well as heavy
showers, always tend to crumble and de-
stroy them, so that they have to be remade
•every year in order to look nice. The sods
on the sides always die, the mound is hard
to keep clean and nice looking, and always
tend to have a ragged and weedy appear-
ance unless sheared by hand one or two
times a week. Flowers never do as well
■on a hox-mound as they do on a lower
grave, on account of drying out quicker.
The box-mound, therefore, while permit-
ted, is not recommended.

The ideal mound is a low, oval shaped,
grass-mound, not over four inches high in
the center, or low enough to allow the
mowing machine to pass over it easily.

For those desiring flowers on their
graves, the best plan is to convert the
grave-mound into a low flower bed, that is
to sa}-, excavate to the depth of six inches
below the surface of the lot, right over the
grave, and fill in with good garden soil,
flush with the surface of the .ground. This
gives the best results for growing flowers
as the soil below the surface retains its
moisture much longer than the soil in a
mound.

On the whole, high mounds, unless con-
stantly repaired, give the best kept ceme-
tery an ugly ‘‘country graveyard’’ appear-
ance and not at all in keeping with the
highest ideals of modern cemetery art. We
believe that, where there is a marker erect-
ed, the mound should be leveled, or be so
low as to merely indicate the grave, and
sodded over, so as to preserve as much as
possible an unbroken lawn.

Leveling mounds and sodding over the
spot will he done free of charge on appli-
cation.

When a grave sinks or collapses from
any cause, the Cemetery Corporation will
fill in with dirt, but under no circumstances
does it hold itself liable to restore or re-
place the sod, if any, that was on the
mound before it collapsed.

Prices for sodding are as follows ;

Adult's Box-Mound $1.50

Child's Box-l\Iound 1.00

Adult's Oval-Mound 1.00

Child's Oval-Mound 75

Filling garden soil in level adult grave. .75
Filling garden soil in level child grave. .50

Alaking flower beds — price on application.

Leveling mound and sodding over free.

As good, living sod is not always easily
obtainable, the Cemetery Corporation re-
serves the right to execute such work when
deemed expedient, or when the weather
and conditions of sod permits.

All markers, monuments, mausoleums
and urns must be placed on foundations.

All foundations are to be made by the
Cemeter\' Corporation upon written order
of the dealer or contractor, and signed by
the lot owner. Upon receipt of the order,
the work will be executed whenever most
expedient, and without unnecessary delay.

The price is 40 cents per cubic foot.
Minimum charge is $2.50.

The depth of foundations are to he on
the average of 4%* feet for monuments and
2 feet for markers and urns. Larger monu-
ments and mausoleums as specified.

Xo foundation may he built higher than
1 inch below the lowest point of the sur-
face.

All work will be charged to dealer or
contractor unless otherwise expressly stipu-
lated in writing by the lot owner. If the
credit of dealer or contractor is had, the
Cemetery Corporation reserves the right
of refusing to build foundation until charge
has been paid.

Designs, plans and specifications of all

The front cover illustration shows a
photographic reproduction of the massive
entrance gates and fence designed, built
and erected for the Highland Cemetery,
Ypsilanti, Mich.

This fence and gates were designed
and built by The Stewart Iron Works Co.,
Cincinnati, O., to conform with the natural
surroundings and broad recessed elevation
of the entrance to the grounds. A very
good idea of the massiveness and construc-
tion of these gates and fence can be had
from the following description :

The double drive gates are 14 feet wide
and 10 feet high. Horizontal top bar of
gates is 2 inches square, upright bars %-
inch square, all other horizontal rails 2x%-
inch solid iron ; bottom rail is 3x2-inch
angle iron. These gates are, hung on eye
and socket hinges with 2-inch square hinge
liars, and so designed that they swing per-
fectly free at all times without the least

The Board of Park Commissioners of
N^ew Bedford, Mass., has recently issued
their annual report in relation to the main-
tenance, conditions and requirements ol
the department for the year 1916. The
financial report presents the condition of
their resources as follows : Appropriation
by the city council $33,000. Of this amount

markers, monuments, mausoleums and urns
must first be submitted to the cemetery
officials to be examined and passed upon
by them, before such work shall be al-
lowed to be erected.

No exact duplication of any monument
or mausoleum already erected in the ceme-
tery shall be allowed.

The Cemetery Corporation reserves the
right of refusing or prohiliiting the erec-
tion of any marker, monument, mausoleum
or urn if for an\- reason they are objec-
tionable, whether regards size, material,
design or structure, or if faultily con-
structed, or if made of inferior material,
or if not true to specifications, or not in
compliance with the rules of the cemetery.

The proper location of marker, monu-
ment, mausoleum or urn shall be deter-
mined by the cemetery authorities. How-
ever, they are always glad to consult cvith
the lot owners first, and are always willing
to accede to their wishes whenever rea-
sonable and expedient.

Not more than one monument or mauso-
leum shall be erected on any individual
plot, whether this plot consist of a lot, a
fraction of a lot, or more than one lot.

No marker, monument or mausoleum
shall be made of any other material than
granite or marble, of recognized high
grade, containing no flaws or weak spots.

possibility of gates getting out of align-
ment.

The walk gates are a design of the same
pattern as the drive gates, and are similar-
ly constructed and hung. They are 7 feet
high, with a clearance of 4 feet. All gates
are equipped with the Stewart patent locks
and fasteners.

The fence for the front of the cemetery-
furnished with these entrance gates is rnade
in panels approximately 8 feet long and 6
feet high ; the horizontal rails are 2x%
channels ; pickets are %-inch square, set
diagonally and spaced 5 inches on centers.
At the end of each panel a heavy adjust-
able Stewart patent line post is used.

The design and entire scheme of con-
struction of this fence are such that they
required the careful attention of a factory
with modern equipment, such as the Stew-
art Iron Works Co.'s plants.

$23,402.72 was e.xpended for labor and $9,-
595.05 for materials, leaving a balance of
$2.23 unexpended. Improvement work
upon the parks has been of a very limited
amount although the efforts of the board
so far as the finances would allow have
been satisfactory and everything has been
done within the means of the board to

The Cover Illustration

PARK NEWS.

116

P A R K A X D C E METE K V.

make the parks useful and agreealde to
the great number of people who visit them.
The park system consists of nine parks
with a combined area of 221 acres, 8(1.46
square rods, with cash value of $826, 42-5.
In the superintendent's report a general
statement of everything that has occurred
in connection with the parks during the
>ear is given, and the details of its ex-
penditures together with an account of
whatever work has been done.

A brief report of the more important
activities of the Department of Parks and
Cemeteries of Saginaw, Mich., for the year
ending December 31, 1016, has lieen sub-
mitted, and reports of the superintendent
of parks, and the sextons of the city's three
cemeteries, and a brief report of the play-
ground director for the summer, together
with other reports and data, are included
in it. The total expenditures of this de-
partment for the year were as follows :
Parks, $16,176.66; Forest Lawn Cemetery,
$4,826.97; Brady Hill Cemetery, $1,178.35;
Oakwood Cemetery, $1,848.82; total de-
partmental expenditures for 1916, $24,-

O30.80. Following is some of the work
conducted by the park department during
the year; The road into the low ground of
Ezra Rust Park at Court street, the grade
of which was raised last year, was com-
pleted, covered with cinders and put into
condition for use. Consideralile grading
was done along the river and Grand Canal
in the rear of the Saginaw Canoe Club
building, also several thousand yards of fill
were made at the junction of Fordney ave-
nue with the Grand Canal. The material
for this w'as obtained from the canal. The
White Way lights along East Court street
through this park were installed during the
fall and placed in service just before the
end of the year, adding a great deal to the
appearance and safety of this vicinity. Bliss
Park, especially the flower garden, was
maintained in its usual good condition. The
walls of the shelter house here were low-
ered about one-half. At Eordney Park a
number of improvements were made. A
large bed of evergreens growing in the
southwest corner of the park were moved
to a new location around the lower end of
the low’er pond. A narrow neck of water
connecting two ponds was filled in and the
upper pond dammed and its level raised so
that there is now a living flowing stream
connecting the two ponds, crossed by a
couple of stepping stone crossings. Water
lilies, plants and shrubs were planted in
and about the ponds and a number of gold
fish placed in the water. It is the intention
to continue the improvements here from
year to year, and lay out an Iris Garden.
All the small parks were kept in good re-
pair. Extensive repairs were made on the
pumping machinery and fountain at Jef-
fers Park.

The usual maintenance work in Eorest
Lawn Cemetery was carried on. Some
grading was done on Section 9 and about
750 feet of 6-inch tile in the southwest cor-
ner of Section 5 was dug up and rehid
deeper and on a more even grade. The

trust fund was increased from $89,791.41
to $93,759.57, and the perpetual care en-
dowment fund was increased by the addi-
tion of eight new endowments from $8,-
200 to $11,400. All general maintenance
work was taken care of as usual in Oak-
wood Cemetery. A large number of cin-
ders were placed on the roads and a few
short stretches of small tile laid just under
the surface of the ground to help in the
drainage of a few low spots. The per-
petual care endowment fund was increased
during the year from $8,180 to $8,680 by
the addition of one new endowment. Brady
Hill Cemetery w’as maintained in the l^est
condition it has lieen for several years.

Recommendations that the site of Re-
finery Park, Beaumont, Te.x., composed of

The accompanying view in Calvary Cem-
eter}'. Long Island City, shows an Austin
seven-ton gasoline-kerosene motor roller
operating on their beautiful driveways.
Quite a number of Cemetery boards have
adopted the gasoline rollers on account of
their cleanliness in operation, their readi-

ness to start on short notice, and their ab-
sence of smoke and noise and other objec-
tions in a place like a cemetery, where ol)-
trusiveness in a roller is very undesirable.
Some cemeteries using them are Oakwoods,
Chicago ; St. Adelbert's, Chicago ; Union-
dale, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Windemere, Detroit ;
Chas. Evans, at Reading, Pa.; Crown Hill,
at Indianapolis and others.

Oak Ridge Cemetery, Chicago, has re-
cently changed ownership, a new companj
now being in charge, with the following
officers; A. E. Anderson, president; E. L.
Reynolds, vice-president ; Wm. E. Boeger,
secretary-treasurer. Wm. Richter, former-
ly assistant superintendent of Rose Hill,
Chicago, is the new superintendent.

Dr. Kesterson of Greenwood Cemetery,
Knoxville, Tenn., w'rites that they have re-
cently purchased fifteen more acres, which

83.38 acres, he sold to the Magnolia Petro-
leum Company were made recently in a
report of the park board. The .Magnolia
company offers $35,(100 for the land. The
proceeds from the sale would be used in
purchasing a park site in that section of
the city. The company contemplates util-
izing the land in making impro\ements to
its plant.

Eugene V. Goebel, superintendent of the
parks and playgrounds of Grand Rapids,
IMich., for a period of more than fifteen
years, has resigned, and the Board of Park
Commissioners recentl}- adopted a resolu-
tion commending him for his efficient work
in standardizing the parks and pla\-grounds
and recommending that his plans be con-
tinued.

gives them the top of a ridge from one end
to the other. They are going to make a
wide drix'e along the entire top that will
give one of the finest scenic views in the
entire country. The drive will be almost
one mile long and not over 4 or 5 per cent
grade. There will be a view from the

east end looking northeast up the valleys
at House and Clinch mountains in the dis-
tance. Then going west on the north are
the valleys with the different ridges rising
above each other and finally the Cumber-
land range in the distance rising above all
of them and meeting the sky. On the
south are ridges and valleys, with the city
of Knoxville resting between, and beyond
are the Smokey and Chilhowee mountains
with a dim outline of the Blue Ridge in
Virginia.

Hare & Hare, of Kansas City, klo., write
that they have had a very busy year so far
with still more work coming in. They
have just finished plans for an extension
of Laurel Oak Cemetery, Windsor, Mo.,
and also plans for East Lawn Cemetery,
Springfield, Mo. They are now' finishing
plans for Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,

CmETERY NOTES

VIEW IN CALVARY CEMETERY. LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y.

P A RK AND C EM ET E R Y.

117

Fullerton Parkway, Lincoln Park Boulevard System, Chicago, III. Re-surfacsd with “Tarvia-X,” penetration
method, in 1909. Treated with “Tarvia-A” in 1916.

Eight Years of Tarvia

Eight years ago this driveway
in Chicago was resurfaced with
“Tarvia-X.” The old road was
scarified and then covered with new
stone bonded with “Tarvia-X” applied
by the penetration method. This was

in August 1909.

Tarvia

unique

among

tumens

has the
dis tinction
all the bi-
of being
able to cling readily
to cold stone. Ac-
cordingly, this top-
surface of Tarvia-
macadam has bond-
ed perfectly with
the old macadam and there never has
been any scaling or rolling up. In
September, 1916, the pavement was
touched up for the first time with
“Tarvia-A” and a light coat of stone
screenings to restore the surface. Such
treatments do not cost much and con-

stitute substantially the only main-
tenance expense that is required on a
Tarvia roadway, even with heavy
miscellaneous traffic such as this road
carries.

There are three grades of Tarvia and
a dozen ways of using them. There is
a Tarvia and a
Tarvia method for
every macadam
road problem. Tar-
via can be used in
a new
m resurfac-
ing an old one, or
for mere dust sup-
pression. The Bar-
rett engineers have accumulated an
immense fund of practical experience
which is at the disposal of any park
or cemetery authority.

Show us your road and Ave will tell
you the least expensive way of put-
ting it into first-class condition.

Preserves Roads
Prevents Dust

road.

Booklet on request. Address our nearest office.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained
engineers and chemists who have
given years of study to modern road
problems.

The advice of these men may be had for

the asking by any one interested.

If you will write to the nearest office re-
garding road problems and conditions in
your vicinity, the matter will have
prompt attention.

The

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Loui.s Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh ^
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg ®)]

Vancouver

Halifax, N. S.

Sidney, N. S.

118

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Va., and have the plans for Cartago Ceme-
tery, Costa Rica, ready, which they have
been working on for some time. An inter-
esting feature of the plans for this ceme-
tery is that future burials will be in the
ground instead of in catacombs.

Chancellor J. B. Newman recently hand-
ed down a decree in the case of the Alt.
Olivet Cemetery Company of Nashville,
Tenn., against Davidson County, in which
he made permanent an injunction against
any agents of the county attemtping to col-
lect tax assessments for the year 1915. It
is held that the complainant is exempted
under the laws. County Attorney T. J.
AIcAIorrough has asked an appeal to the
Supreme Court.

The Eastern Alausoleum Company of
Niagara Falls, N. Y., has disposed of its
building, including all tenantless crypts in
Oakwood Cemetery to the Oakwood Ceme-
tery Association of that city.

The annual report of Greenwood Ceme-
tery, of Decatur, 111., for the year ending
Alarch 31, 1917, shows a balance for the
year of $7,273.15. The total of the various
trust funds given to the association for the
care of the family lots of the donors is
now $5,300, made up of sums ranging from
$50 to $500.

Twenty acres of land located near
Five Points, south of Waukegan, III., were
recently purchased from Henry G. Heiting
by the Alodern Cemetery & Nlausoleum
Company. The tract of twenty acres is the
first purchase of land made of an intended
eighty acre tract of land which the com-
pany intends to occupy.

New Cemeteries and Improve-
ments

Irving Park Boulevard Cemetery, Chi-
cago, was recently incorporated with a
capital of $10,000 by Charles E. Selleck,
George H. Kiehm and Street Lightfoot.

The Alercer Hillside Cemetery Associa-
tion, organized and operated by women of
Alercer, N. D., has been incorporated. The
directors are Anetta Z. AIcFadden, Ger-
trude AI. Rice and Lillian C. Plowman.

Calvary Cemetery Association, Galves-
ton, Tex., will erect a new fence around the
cemetery and plant oleanders and cedars.

The Locust Valley Cemetery Associa-
tion of Locust Valley, N. Y., was recently
incorporated. The directors are Edwin C.
AVeeks, Andrew J. Hutchinson, Charles J.
Baldwin and others.

new ornamental fence is being placed
around the Plainview Cemetery, Plain-
view, Tex , as a result of the activity of the
Cemetery Association, of which Airs. L.
Lee Dye is chairman. The name of the
cemetery, laid in .gold leaf, will he put over
the entrances.

A commercial club committee consisting
of E. B. Finch, S. A. D. Henline and
R. W. Bodinson will have charge of the
work in securing improvements at the
Kearney Cemetery, Kearney', Neb. It is
the plan of the committee to ask the city
for aid, a bill having just passed the state
legislature giving authority to cities of this

size to issue up to a five mill levy for ceme-
tery purposes. Besides the lieautifying of
the cemetery grounds, it is planned to im-
prove the highways leading to the grounds
Iw the paving of the streets and laying of
hard serx ice road beds.

J. AV. Orr as president of the Alt. Ver-
non Cemetery Association, Hutchison,
Kan., is planning many improvements for
Alt. Vernon this summer. Hare & Hare
of Kansas City, have been engaged as the
landscape architects.

Cemetery Officers Etected

The Fairview Cemetery Association of
Niotaze, Kan., has elected George C. Dye
president, and Edna Rowe, secretary.

At the annual meeting of the Oak Grove
Cemetery Association, Grass Lake, Alich.,
J. Alartin Rohrer was elected president,
and George Preston, clerk and treasurer.

At the annual meeting of the Ottumwa
Cemetery' Association, Ottumwa, la., the
following officers were re-elected: A. H.
Hamilton, president; Leroy Christie, secre-
tary and superintendent ; Henry S. Aler-
rick, treasurer. The secretary's report
shows that lot sales and deposits and
amounts from single graves increased the
perpetual care fund from $17,046.85 to
$18,314.85 during the past year. The day
laborers’ work in the cemetery amounted
to $1,1192.97. There were 181 interments
made. There are now 75,984 square feet
of lots ready for use. The total net assets
of the association are $22,050.72. There
is $6,500 worth of real estate not in the
cemetery and $5,250.75 not platted. Lots
amount to $3,890, personal property $1,000,
supplies $314.77 and accounts $5,086.20.

Glendale Cemetery' Association of Alon-
mouth. 111., has re-elected all of its old
officers. J. W. Sipher is president and Airs.
Ada Turnbull secretary. The treasurer’s
statement shows that a sum of over $3,000
is now in the endowment fund for the per-
petual upkeep of the cemetery. One year
ago the association increased from 10 per
cent to 20 per cent, the amount to be set
aside for the endowment fund from the
receipts for the sale of lots. It was voted
to make more improvements in Glendale
this summer. Several carloads of gravel
will be distributed in the driveways, and
the lots along the east side of the cemetery
will be raised several inches and terraced,
and additional shrubbery set out.

Tarvia Booklets

The Barrett Company, manufacturers of
“Tarvia,’’ have issued some very interesting
booklets descriptive of this road material
and its use. One general booklet de-
scribes the product and its uses in general;
another entitled, “How a Tarvia Alacadam
Roadway Is Constructed,” is a detailed
illustrated description of the construction
of a piece of roadway. Every step in the
construction of a Tarvia roadway is de-
scribed in detail and clearly illustrated in
a series of fine pictures. Other booklets
are devoted respectively to “Tarvia B” and
“Tarvia X.”

your trees.

Do you Avonder that
we have such a de-
mand for them ?

European and Cri-
m e a n Linden,
straight trunked and
high branched, for
Park and Cemetery
planting.

We also carry a full line of
shrubs, evergreens and field
grown herbaceous stock.

SEND FOR NEW
SPRING CATALOGUE

Thomas B.
Meehan Co.

ff^holesale Nurserymen

Dresher, Pennsylvania

PARK AND CEMETERY.

119

Thi.: is Supt. Geo. E.
Odell’s cottage.

Green :Mount Ceme-
tery is located near
Baltimore, Md.

New Greenhouse at Green Mount Cemetery

IT is 25 feet wide and 75 long.

It is our Iron Frame construction.

Being one of those straightaway practical purpose houses,
there w.as no special expenditure made to give it orna-
mentalness; in spite of which fact it is a neat, attractive
little layout.

Now that vve are speaking of ornamentalness, let us
caution you against any feeling you may have, that be-
cause we are continually building so many large orna-

mental houses that we may not be particularly interested
in the small plain clothes kind.

Most assuredly we are.

In spite of the many large ones, you will be surprised
to learn that by far the larger part of our business is made
up of moderate sized houses like this one.

So whatever your greenhouse problem, little or big. let’s
talk it over together. You say when and where and we’ll
be there.

Booklet No. 125 you are welcome to.

Tord.KRtirnhain^.

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories

SALES OFFICES

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO ROCHESTER CLEVELAND

42nd St. Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Widener Bldg. Continental & Commercial Bank Bldg. Granite Bldg. Swetland Bldg.

TORONTO, Royal Bank Bldg. MONTREAL, Transportation Bldg.

FACTORIES: Irvington, N. Y.

Des Plaines, 111.

St. Catharines, Canada

|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllll|l||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^

=

1 Greatest Capacity

f

1

B

[ For Clean Work

1 . .

1

B The ability to do most work at least expense is not the only

B advantage of the Austin Motor Road Roller in park and cemetery

Austin Tandem Roller |

B

H improvement. There are no cinders or smoke and it is not a

1

S nuisance when in operation.

S No teaming of coal and water reduces equipment that litters

\M

S the grounds to the minimum and makes the operation of the roller

g

B no more an annoyance than an automobile.

1

B The Austin roller uses either gasoline or kerosene for fuel and

M

B no time or fuel is wasted when the roller is not in operation.

M

M It is not only economical in the work it accomplishes, but per-

M

B forms its work without annoyance or destruction of property.

=

Austin Macadam Roller |

B Austin rollers are built in five three-wheel and four tandem

1

B sizes, providing a size and style for every requirement.

■

B Write for complete catalog

1

1 The Austin -Western Road Machinery Co.

1 CHICAGO

■

B Branch Offices :

M

g New York City Philadelphia Dallas Los Angeles

=

B Columbus, O. Atlanta San Francisco St. Paul

3

■

Austin Macadam Roller

1

|illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllli1llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliy^

PARK AND CEMETERY.

'T'HE COLDWELL “CLIPPERBUILT” Motor Mower, Model J,

combines Coldwell sturdy construction with 1917 inecluiiiical
improvements.

Power. A 4-cylin(ler 1917 automobile motor, Continental make, gives
INlodel J ])ower to climb any grade up to 2.5%, at any speed u]) to G miles
an hour. Rolls as it mows.

Lightness. VV'eigbs 1100 pounds on the rollers. Not too heiv\ just he;iV3’ enough.

Economy. Does ihe work f)f three horses ;uul three men on half ;i g.illon of gjisoline an hour.

The COLDWELL WALK TYPE Motor Mower runs itself. Oper.itor guides — nothing
inoi'e. A strong- little motor geared up to 4- miles an hour does the work. i.ow upi.eep,
beautiful cutting and rolling make the WALK TYPE especialtv desirable for smaller estates.
Two sizes, so" and So" cutters.

COLDWELL HORSE MOWER with Demountable Cutter Units. Cutters can be changed
in a minute. No time lost for sharpening the knives.

COLDWELL HAND MOWERS are distinguished for materials, workmanship and finish.
Hand Mowei’s bearing the COLDWELL stamp have been marketed for more than Ibrty \ ears.
l.'iO dilferent st.vles and sizes. Write for catalogue.

COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY

toffees and Factory at Chicago Office

N E W B U R r. H , N . Y. C2 EAST LAKE ST., CHICACO, ILl..

Coldwell
Motor Mower

MODEL

PARK AX D^CE METERS

121

^IJilllllllllllillil!llllllllilllllll!l

lllllllllll!llllllllllllllllllll

Strength, Beauty & Refinement

Georg-ia Marble is strong-, beautiful and durable,
and makes monuments that last. Its dove-tailed crys-
tals are so welded together as to afford absolute pro-

tection against dirt and frost.

A Georgia Marl^le Memorial Seat

In using Georgia Marble, the memorial architect
takes advantage of the utmost possibilities in color
tone and surface texture. It is an imperishable me-
dium, appealing in its beauty of refinement and free-
dom of response.

Read the story of Georgia Marble in our monthly
magazine for Monument Men and Cemetery
Superintendents. Sent free on request.

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

122

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9y2 X 12 inches ; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square ;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages ; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “ParTt and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing fidl-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the hooks.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEM ETER Y.

123

giiiiiii.iaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiii!iiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^

! Perfect Service = !

Can only be attained by the use of the best equipment. The FRIGID Automatic Casket Lowering De-
vice is fine appearing, of appropriate artistic design — and richly sets oft any casket.

It also enables you to render perfect service with committal services that are so beautiful, so closely
blended into the funeral ceremony, as to be a most grateful memory for many years.

Then it is a Safety Service — an automatic mechanical plan that assures perfect safety in lowering the
heaviest caskets. Its efficiency is really wonderful.

Ask M. C. Austin, Supt. St. Mary’s Cemetery, Bedford, Mass., or W. N. Morris, Treas. Aurora Cemetery Co., Aurora, III

FRIGID FLUID CO., :: Chicago, Illinois

Offer a very complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Shrubs^ Evergreens^ Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

’S s PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

Made in jersey city, n. j.. by the

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

^><x^ ESTABLISHED 1827

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

Now made in small sizes. Mounted on trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

or mortar can be
mixed better,
quicker, with less
expense. Use a

Jaeger

Mixer

1_M

PARK AX L) C E M E T E R V.

For the

Soldiers’ Plot

the most (lura1:)le and beau-
tiful material is needed.

\\'heu your board or your
local society is figuring on a
soldiers’ memorial, remem-
ber there is nothing so suit-
able as

Heavy Sheet Copper
or Bronze

as durable as standard cast
bronze, and much lighter
and less expensive. Joints
are practically invisible ; in-
ternally braced, strong and
rigid.

Weathers beautifully and
lasts eternally.

Ask for “■ The Blue and The Gray,”
illustrating many fine soldiers' memorials

W. H, Mullins Co.

Salem, Ohio

Prevents Dust

Dust-laden drives are disagreeable, un-
healthy, injurious to grass and foliage,
and mar the appearance of parks and
cemeteries.

SOLVAY

Granulated

Calcium Chloride

is a natural dust-preventive and road-
hinder that protects the surface from wear
and controls the dust nuisance. Effective
and economical. Two applications a sea-
son are sufficient under ordinary condi-
tions. SOLVAY is used by many large
parks and cemeteries in preference to any
other road-surfacer.

Write for the “Solvay Road Booklet”

SEMET-SOLVAY CO.

400 Milton Avenue, Solvay, N. Y.

Built for Durability

In the last thirty days we
overhauled for the first time
BOMGARDNER Lower-
ing Devices Nos. 54-673-
320-1304-1186, which had
been in service for periods
varying from nine to thir-
teen years. The average cost
of making these devices as
good as new was but $9.50.

The BOMGARDNER
Lowering Device you buy
today will give as good, if
not better service. WHY
EXPERIMENT?

IV rite for literature.

Bomgardner Manufacturing Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

PARK AND CEMETERY.

125

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

J cents a word each insertion; minimum
p' ice 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the Isi of the ynonlh.

SITTATiON WANTED — CEMETERY ST’-
pei'intenclent, a civil engineer, with five
tears' experience in development, planning,
<lesigning and maintenance, is open for en-
gagement. either as superintendent or assist-
ant. Address “W. P. care Park and
Cemetery.

EXPERIENCED YOl'NG MAN DESIRES
position as cemetery superintendent. Ad-
dress "D," care Park and Cemetery,

SALESMAN WANTED — EXPERIENCED,
capable man in the sale of cemetery lots
at Paducah, Ky. State experience and ref-
erence. IMaplelawn Park Cemetery, Padu-
cah, Ky.

WANTED— POSITION AS SLWERINTEND-
ent of park or cemetery: 30 years of ex-
perience in a leading cemetery; best of ref-
erences. Address “Reliable,” care Park and
Cemetery.

WANTED — YOLTNG MAN ACCUSTOMED
to cemetery drafting and office work; an
easy, permanent position in first-class cem-
etery. .tddress “T. O.,” care Park and
Cemetery, for particulars.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession; three months’ course
oualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. M'orsham Training School.
(130 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

CEMETERY SALES EXPERTS

specializing in cemetery organization
advertising and selling campaigns, will

organize and manage lot selling
campaigns, outline and plan or-
ganization and business man-
agement for new cemeteries, and
organize stock companies.

If there is an opportunity for a new'
cemetery in your locality let us help
you with it.

GEORGE P. GARIN & CO.

R. 510, 117 No. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

ff^rite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Erergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, 11 1

American- Grown Trees
and Evergreens

Our ability to supply plants
of the highest quality is not
curtailed by the stoppage of
foreign shipments. Buy
nursery stock grown at
Andorra.

Andorra

Nurseries

Wm, Warner Harper, Prop.

Suggestions for Effective
Planting on request

Box 15C,
Chestnut Hill
Phila.,Penna.

I

SID J. HARE
FELLOW A.S.L.A.

S. HERBERT HARE
MEMBER A S. L. A.

Hare & Hare

LAN DSCAPE ARCHITECTS
e04 GUMBEI- BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo,

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4336

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SIVJSHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.» Minneapolis* Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries. Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Paik Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engag'-d in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY, OHIO

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World's Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.
RoseSg Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

Wc shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

WATERWEEDS REMOVED

easily and effectively from any lake,
pond or river. 'Write for particulars
of the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw.

ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

The oldest and best
known unobjection-
able dust preventive
on the market.

SUMMIT, N. J.

PHONE 33

MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY^S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
“It Excels Them AII.“
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.

GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo, Ohio

HEARTLEY’S

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates
Will Keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically
Easily attached and requires no attention. Write
for descriptive circular. Special prices if you
mention this Magazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO., Boston, Mass.

There are three things that de-
stroy your lawn: Dandelions,
Buck Plantain and Crab Grass.
In one season the Clipper will
drive them all out.

Your dealer should have
them — if he has not drop us
a line and we will send cir-
cular and prices.

Clipper Lawn Mower Co.
Dixon, 111.

Large

Standard Pots

We have for

sale the following sound

Flower Pots as Seconds:

11-in. Standard, price, $0.3*3

each

15-in.

“ .50

1 (> - i n . “

“ .80

IS-in.

“ 1.20

20-in.

“ l.fiO

22-in.

“ 2.40

24-in.

“ 3.20

These prices

are one-third

ess than

firsts and pots are as serviceable.

BUY THEM AND STORE THEM
IF NOT NEEDED NOW
A Rare Opportunity

A. H. HEWS & CO., Inc.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

■\v Grid's Oldest and Largest 'Manufacturers of
Flower Pots and Red Earthenware Specialties

126

P A RK AND C EM ETER Y.

3IE

Lawn Silicate
Kills PP^eeds in
Lawns without
killing grass

Parks, cemeter-
ies and private
estates will find
Lawn Silicate
most valuable,
eliminating cost-
ly hand-w^ding
conserving
labor.

1

A

W1

N

S

I

u

ICA

1

[£

1 KILLS WEEDS

-NOT GRASS

is a dr}" powder. When dusted over grass and weeds it
sifts through the perpendicular-growing grass but is
caught by the flat-lying weeds, burning them out effec-
tively in a few days. |

The economy is apparent.

25 lbs. costing $1.50 covers 2,000 to 4,000 square feet.

100 lbs. costing $5.50 covers 8,000 to 16,000 square feet.

1 ton {2,000 lbs.) costing $100 covers eight acres.

Prices f. o. b. Bound Brook, N. J.

Descriptive circular mailed on request.

CHIPMAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CO., INC.

Makers of ATLAS WEED KILLER —
for [maintaining weed-free roads, paths,
gutters, etc. Comes in concentrated liquid
form. One application
does for entire season. ••

95 Liberty Streeet
New York City

The Automatic Sealing Concrete Burial Vault

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.,

The one Burial Vault that will
always protect its contents
against water and all other
elements forever. No Sunken
Graves, they get better with age.

Perfect Steel Molds cast these
vaults. Ask for big catalogue.
It will mean dollars to you.

24 E. River St., Peru, Ind.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1,000 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials. Location
of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request,

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO. ILL.

a

i A BETTER LAWN

--at Less Expense

Read this letter we recently received from a
Park Superintendent;

“After giving Fuller and. Johnson Law'n
Mowers a thorough trial, I recommended
them to the Park Board and Finance Com-
mittee, stating that by using three of these
mowers I could reduce the Park grass cutting
maintenance one man to each park. This
makes three men less on the Park force
and as each man receives a salary of $420
a season $1 ,260 would be saved.”

Isn't this saving well worth while? Doesn't
this fact alone justify your getting full particu-
lars about the

Fuller & Johnson

F.O.B. l*»dison, * is.

'Designed for use
in Parks, Ceme-
teries, and
Private Estates.

Stone Grave P^aults

The McDermott Stone Co.

MCDERMOTT

OHIO

PARK AND CEMETERY.

127

W.

SPECIMEN
64 YEARS.

& X. SmiTH COmPANY

GE1NE\/A, IN E \A7 YORK!

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

7UO ACRES,

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

The Greatest Grass-Cutter on Earth
Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will
mow more lawn in a day than the best
motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by
one man, it will mow more lawn in a
day than any three other horse-drawn
mowers with three horses and three men.

Floats over the uneven ground as- a
ship rides the waves. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skim-
ming the level, and the third paring a
hollow. Does not smash the grass to
earth and plaster it in the mud in spring-
time, nor crush out its life between hot
rollers and hard, hot ground in summer,
as does the motor mower.

Send for catalog illustrating all types of
Townsend Lawn Mowers

The public is warned not to
purchase mowers infringiyig
the Townsend Patent No.
1,209,519, Dec. 19th, 1916.

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

ORANGE, N. J.

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MAKERS

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. GS0.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
SVa-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. ly. to 12c, 5-in. lO'/a to 17c. "PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, HI,

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

Try Our Xo. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Coda Color at $2.90 Each

Size 1 8 ID. wide by 30 in. high

Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.

South Zanesville, Ohio

YOU CAN HELP

to make friends for Park and Cemetery
by patronizing its advertisers and by
giving the paper credit for the intro-
duction when corresponding.

LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS

Four lots to a page; ruled with small squares, ten to an inch, to diagram
the location of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 800 lots $ 7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1200 lots 3.00

400 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1600 lots 12.50

INTERMENT RECORD BOOKS

100 pages, capacity 2300 names $ 7.00

200 pages, capacity, 4600 names 12.00

Ask for catalog of complete line of Interment Record Books, Lot Diagram
Books and Index Books, to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Park and Cemetery 536 South Clark Street Chicago

Spring Specials

MONUMENT-MERCHANTS

ATTENTION

FLORISTS AND FLOWER SHOPS
READ THIS

PARK SUPTS. PLEASE NOTE
WRITE FOR VASE CATALOG AT ONCE.
BIG DEMAND FOR VASES IS COMING.

ALL VASES ARE SECTIONAL AND
FITTED.

LARGE DIRT BOWL AND RESERVOIR.
SMOOTHLY CAST, WELL PAINTED.

NEW PRICES — GREAT OPPORTUNITY.
WRITE US TODAY.

FINE LINE OF IRON FENCE.
BIRD DRINKING FOUNTAINS.
WBRE TRELLIS FOR FLOWERS.
FLOWER BOXES. SUN DIALS.
GARDEN GAZING GLOBES.

MAKE A LEADER OF THESE.

WRITE FOR FENCE AND ENTRANCE
BOOK.

WHAT ABOUT IRON GARDEN
SETTEES?

LAWN ROLLERS; WOOD-SLAT SEATS.
LIBERAL PRICES AND TERMS.

FOR PRICES, SKETCHES.
INFORMATION,

WRITE

CHARLES AMOS & CO,

DETROIT, MICH.

WE INVITE YOU TO TRADE WITH US
MADE IN DETROIT, U. S. A.

A sk Park and Cemetery for New Catalog
of the Revised Line of Complete Cemetery
Record Books.

CTMiSfiMESI.

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company

Cleveland^ Ohio

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllll'illlllllllllllllllllllllllliilllllli'iilllllllllllllllllllililllllllllll^

lllllllllllllll!!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliy^

Special Notice: — Stedem Chemical Laboratory has no intention or desire
to be in any way mistaken for FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL Laboratory

But

Fairmount Weed Killer

as made for seventeen years at the N. IT. corner

Broad and Fairmount Ave.^ Philadelphia^ Pa., can
only be obtained from Stedem Chemical Laboratory.

We want all the old friends of the original Fairmount Weed Killer to
know that it is again obtainable and at a more advantageous price than
any spurious formula or imitation. Prices on application. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Fairmount Weed Killer, Stedem Formula

Stedem Chemical Laboratory

Office, 926 South St. Bernard St. Philadelphia, Pa.

m

^llllli!llll!lllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!ll!llllllllllllllllllllinilllll!lllllllli!illllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Park Improvement Made in Portland — Recreational Uses of National Forests —
The Treatment of Cavitie; in Trees — From the Cemetery Rule Books — Some Ancient and
Historic Trees — Problems of Cemetery Law — Some Principles of Landscape Design.

HEAVY STEEL PICKET FENCE ENCLOSING THE U. S. ARSENAL, WATERTOWN, MASS.
Sold and erected by the Wright Wire Cc., Worcester. Mass.

Made by The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O.

See page 148

130

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Beautiful, Historic Lake Champlain

No section of the country played a more important or more interesting part in the
Revolutionary War than the shores and waters of Lake Champlain. It is conceded
by world travelers to be the most beautiful spot on earth. The Green Mountains ris-
ing* up from it on the East and the Adirondacks on the West, its breast decorated
with hundreds of green covered islands once the meeting places of the fierce Iroquois,
combine to enhance its beauty and to cast upon it an irresistible glamour of romance.

Ba rre, Vermont
Aug. 28,29,30,31

These are the dates of
the 1917 convention
of the American Cem-
etery Superintendents’
Association. Don’t
disappoint us. Make
your plans to come.

Barre

Entertainment

Association

Organized to make this spe-
cial occasion a success.

Alex Hanton

(Supt. Barre Cemeteries)
Directing. Chairman

Barre, Vermont

Cemetery

Superintendents

An automobile trip
through the heart of
the Green Mountains
by way of the Wi-
nooski Valley and a
day on the waters of
Lake Champlain will
be one of the many
entertainment f e a-
tures connected with
the annual convention
of Cemetery Superin-
tendents in August.

A Champlain Shore Scene

I

Mini

PARK AND CEMETERY.

131

UIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIMMIIIIUIIIIMIIIlUIMIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMinilllMIIIIIMIIIIIinillllllllllllllllllllllinilllllllllMl

1 1 Ml HUM I I iiimiMmiminim^

Fill this out and mail to Alex. Hanton, Barre, Vermont

191

I shall attend the Thirty-first Annual Convention of the Association
of American Cemetery Superintendents to be held in Barre, Vermont,
on August 28, 29, 30 and 31, inclusive.

My party will consist of the following persons :

Signed

Address

JOIN AT BARRE

The Association of American Cemetery Superintendents
August 28y 29 y 30 and 31

Every man who has charge of a cemetery owes it to his
work to become a member of this organization. Learn
what the other fellow knows and increase your efficiency.
From a practical educational standpoint, this convention
of 1917 will constitute a “red letter day” in the matter of
cemetery care and management. You are wanted; you
will be entertained; don’t miss it; come. If you are not a
member of the association, come anyway.

Barre Entertainment Association

(Organized to make this convention a success)

A lex. Hanton, Directing Chairman {Supt. Barre Cemeteries), Barre, V t.

ii'iiiiii]iiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiininiii]iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiniiiiiMiiinniii"’ii

MIIIIMIIIIUIIIMIIIIUMI

132

PARK AND CEMETERY.

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

Enterprise Protective Pence is es-
pecially adapted for cemeteries and
parks, because it offers real beauty of
design as well as permanent protection.

Enhances Natural Beauty
of Grounds

your grounds, and set them off in the most

Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural beauty of

effective way.

On Guard Day and Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on duty day
and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks, prowlers, and other
undesirable persons. Prevents desecration of grounds and
unwarranted intrusions.

Send for Illustrated Catalog

Write today for our catalog. It describes hundreds of
styles, quotes prices, and explains our free offer to make
a bN'enrint phnwins: plan and all details of fence needed
to protect and beautify your property.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2437 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 years in AlTIron and
lron^and=Woven‘Wire protective fencing

Write today
for this
Catalog

DON’T DEFACE A FINE LAWN

BY USING CHEAP, UNSIGHTLY SIGNS

That rust, corrode or become weather-beaten from exposure. Bronze
is the eternal, durable metal. It colors beautifully in the open air
and harmonizes with the beauty of your landscape. Six different
designs or will make special for you.

OUR BRONZE PERPETUAL CARE STAKES ARE
THE QUALITY MARKERS FOR BEAUTIFUL LAWNS

ASK FOR DESCRIPTIVE BOOK

QUADRIGA MEG. COMPANY

213-221 W. Grand Ave. :: Chicago, U. S. A.

Peonies and Iris

IV e Grow Only the Choicest
V arieties.

Our Unique Guarantee

We will replace with three every plant
blooming untrue to description.

Our price list classifies them according'
to color, time of blooming, size and price.

■ Send for a copy. It will be ready in a
few days-

Peterson Nursery

30 N. La Salle Street Chicago, Illinois

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET. CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, President H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and Generai Manager O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United Slates and Possessions. Mexico and Cuba, one year. $2 00: two years. $3.50: three years. $5.00: five years. $8.00. Canada and other countries.
$2.50 a year. Single copies. 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

EDITORIAL

JULY, 1917

VOL. -XXVII NO. 5

CEMETERY LEGAL STANDARDS.

X^early eve.-y mail brings to Park and
Cemetery fresh evidence of the activi-
ty of private companies in promoting
the establishment of new cemeteries.
Many of these enterprises are thor-
oughly sound and well managed, and in
capable hands. Some of the best cem-
eteries in the country are operated as
private business enterprises, but, on the
other hand, some are promotional en-
terprises designed to sell stock and real-
ize large sums from ground sales that
are paid out in profits, without suffi-
cient funds set aside for the future care
of the grounds. A cemetery is in a
certain sense a semi-public institution,
and should be administered as a public
trust. Every state should have laws
governing the management of cem-
eteries that should require certain defi-
nite standards of management and de-
velopment, and provide for public in-
spection in the same manner as banks
and public utilities are regulated.

No cemetery should be allowed to op-
erate that does not provide as minimum
requirements all of the following stand-
ards :

A definite proportion of all funds
taken as a perpetual care fund.

Some method of placing this fund in
trust, so that no changes of manage-
ment or dishonesty in individuals can
endanger it.

An accurate system of interment rec-
ords and diagrams for the location of
all burials.

These are the simplest standards re-
quired for permanence and safety, and
are only a few of the things that every
well-managed cemetery must provide.

Many business men are entering on
the development of cemeteries with-
out knowledge of the fundamental re-
quirements of planning, developing, or
even selecting the land for a cemetery.
Their first need is a plan, not only tor
the development of the grounds, l)ut
for the financial and business manage-
ment of the cemetery affairs. There is
a real need for a systematic study of
cemetery development and legal stand-
ards to govern all cemetery enterprises.

The state of Pennsylvania has a law
providing “that every burial ground or
cemetery company or association in the
cities of the first class shall keep a

complete list of the names of every
person buried in such burial ground or
cemetery, arranged alphabetically, with
the date of burial, the exact location of
the grave, and the number and owner
of the lot in which the grave is situ-
ated. This shall be accomplished by
means of a card index or other system
in such a w'ay that knowledge of the
name of a person or of the lot in which
he or she is buried, or of the date of
burial, will furnish a ready reference
to the complete record.

“Within tw'o years after the passage
of this act, every burial ground or
cemetery company or association in the
cities of the first class shall have on
file for the inspection of all persons,
having an interest therein, a complete
record of such information as is ob-
tainable of all past burials made in such
burial ground or cemetery, arranged in
conformity with the requirements of
section one of this act.”

This law is good, as far as it goes,
but much more comprehensive regula-
tion is needed to insure safe and
orderly management of cemeteries.

NATIONAL VACATION GROUNDS

There was, perhaps, never a better
time than right now for readers of
Park and Cemetery to plan to spend
their vacations in our great national
parks. On another page is a detailed
story of the wonderful recreational pos-
sibilities of these public reservations,
and many excursion trips are planned
by railroads and touring agencies.

Notwithstanding the war, a larger
patronage of the Rocky Mountain Na-
tional Park is expected this year even
than last, when 80,000 persons visited
it and its beautiful valley gateway, Estes
Park. The hotels, boarding houses, and
public camps, which then were crowded,
have all been enlarged. Even with an in-
crease of many times in patronage,
there will be no sense of crow'ding in
the parks 400 square miles of valley and
mountain fastness. During the winter,
congress has enlarged the boundaries
of the Rocky Mountain National Park
by adding more than 40 square miles
of area upon the Estes Park side. The
Twin Sides and Gem Lake are now in
the national park.

The National Park Service now has
ready new automobile maps in two

colors of the Glacier, Rocky Mountain,
Crater Lake, Sequoia, and Mount Rai-
nier National Parks. The old-fashioned
stage coach has passed from its “last
stand" in the Yellowstone National
Park. In 191-5 Secretary Lane admitted
private automobiles to the park, but
retained the horse-drawn stages. This
season, however, the old stages are re-
placed liy a fleet of seven and ten pas-
senger cars, and the restrictions to gen-
eral automobile travel are largely re-
moved. The work Ijegun in 1915 is com-
pleted. The Yellowstone is motorized.
Two lakes of supreme beauty in the
Rocky Mountain National Park, which
have been inaccessible heretofore, will
be opened up by trail this season. They
are Lake Nanita and Lake Nokini on
the west side of the Continental Divide.
Every American should spend at least
one vacation in the National Parks.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

State forests with a total of over 3,-
600,000 acres have been established in
thirteen states. Of these New York has
the largest forests, which comprise 1,-
8'26,000 acres ; Pennsylvania is second
with 1,008,001) acres, and Wisconsin
third with 400,000 acres.

On parts of the Angeles National
Forest in California, the packrats are
so abundant that many of the young
pines, planted by the forest service,
have been killed or injured by the ro-
dents. The damage seems to take place
chiefly in the late summer and fall, and
is more extensive in dry than in wet
seasons. It is thought that the rate tear
off the tender liark of the trees to ob-
tain moisture at times when water is
scarce.

Frank X". Decker, of Three Rivers, N.
Y., has just put out, under the direc-
tion of the State College of Forestry,
an unusually interesting forest planta-
tion. Some 16 species of Evergreens
and broad-leaved trees have been
planted with the idea of bringing back
the original forest condition as Mr.
Decker knew it as a boy. Because of
the large number of species and the
fact that they were planted about four
feet apart each way, the plantation will
be watched with a great deal of interest
by students of the college, and by people
in central New York interested in tree
growing.

134

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Uses of National Forests

Recreational

A quarter of a century has now passed
since the establishment of the first Na-
tional Forest. During that time a re-
markable change in public sentiment has
taken place relative to the care and use of

Address before the American Forestry
Association by Henry S. Graves.

all recognize the wisdom of giving to the
settler land that is suited for a farm home.
The country has recognized that public
lands of chief value for forest purposes
and essential to protect water resources

New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, North
Carolina, Indiana, the Lake States, Cali-
fornia, South Dakota, and prospectively
in several other far western States.

A CAIMPIXG PARTY ON TPtE COI.ORADO NATIONAL FOREST. TROUT FISHING IN THE PIKE NATIONAL

FOREST. COLOR.VDO.

Over a million and a half persons use the National Forests for The streams in the National Forests are stocked each year with
recreation each year. thousands of young trout in order to offer good sport to the visitor.

natural resources. The law authorizing
the creation of National Forests was con-
tained in an act that was designed to in-
stitute a number of important reforms in
our public land system. It marked the
beginning of a new and more enlightened
period of public land administration and
led to a viewpoint regarding the use of
our publicly owned resources that more
nearly squares with the present day stand-
ards of service to the public.

The nineteenth century land system was
one wholly of land distribution; very suc-
cessful as applied to agricultural lands;
very unsuccessful as applied to lands un-
suited to homestead settlement but valua-
ble for timber or other resources. The
keynote of the present day policy is to se-
cure such a disposition, use, and develop-
ment of the public lands as will render
a maximum service to the public. This
may in some circumstances be accom-
plished by transferring title to private in-
dividuals as in case of farm lands and
certain classes of mineral lands. In other
cases it may be essential for the puljlic
to retain title to the land and secure the
development by private enterprise under
public direction. In still other instances
the public itself may undertake to devel-
op the resources. What course of action
is followed in a given case depends on
the form of ownership and method of de-
velopment that will return to the com-
munity the largest permanent benefits. The
old principle of distributing all lands to
private ownership has been completely
abandoned. The homestead principle is
still adhered to as thoroughly sound, and

should remain under public control. The
same principle applies also to lands of spe-
cial importance from the standpoint of
their scenic interest and general recreation
use. The final policy regarding most of
the other classes of public resources is in
the making. The struggle is on now as
to who shall own and control the public
water power sites, the coal, oil, phosphate,
and potassium deposits, and the common
grazing lands that are not suited to de-
velopment by individuals under any of the
various homestead laws.

The principle of continued public own-
ership has been carried further in the ad-
ministration of Forests and Parks than
in any other classes of land. The Na-
tional Forests have been under administra-
tion for about fifteen years, and the sup-
port which they are now receiving both
locally and nationally is very significant
of the public attitude toward the under-
lying principle of public forestry. Very
significant also is the fact that a few years
ago ten States passed resolutions inviting
the Government to come within their bor-
ders and establish National Forests by pur-
chase of mountain lands. In direct line
with this sentiment also is the movement
for the purchase by the Government and
States of lands to be devoted to park and
public recreation purposes. Mark the mean-
ing of the recent action of New York
State in approving by popular referendum
a policy of extending the State forest and
park system to an extent of ten million
dollars, the forward looking policy of State
forests in Pennsylvania, the excellent be-
ginnings in establishing public forests m

Underlying this movement is the rec-
ognized principle that there are public in-
terests in forest lands that can not or will
not be safeguarded under private owner-
ship. The special public interest in a
given forest area may be the continued
production of forest supplies, the main-
tenance of local industries, watershed pro-
tection, production of wild life, or service
for public recreation and health ; or there
may be several or all of these pulilic in-
terests served together.

Private ownership of timberlands has
been for the most part speculative and tem-
porary in character. Lumbermen have ac-
quired the lands for the timber upon them,
and not to hold for growing trees. In-
stability of ownership has acted to prevent
forest perpetuation or the maintenance of
mountain lands in a condition otherwise
to protect the very vital interests which
the public has in them. Private owners
will not make investments in forest per-
petuation until it can be shown to pay
from their standpoint, nor will they hold
and manage lands for general public bene-
fits. The public in its own protection must
take a hand and meet the larger needs by
direct ownership, co-operation, and ulti-
mately a measure of regulation.

One of the important public interests in
forest regions is their service for recrea-
tion and health. There is a rapidly increas-
ing appreciation of the exceptional recrea-
tion- resources which we have in this coun-
try and which our own people are just be-
ginning to seek out and enjoy. There is
also a growing appreciation that, like for-
estry, these resources will not be safe-

PARK AND CEMETERY.

135

guarded and rightly developed in the pub-
lic interests unless the public itself parti-
cipates in their handling. In the past the
wild lands of our upland and mountain
regions have been more or less open for
camping and hunting. Vast areas have
been cut and burned off and their special
attractiveness destroyed. As the timber
stands become restricted greater care is
exercised by the owners in their general
use. Many owners fear to have campers
on the lands because of the increased dan-
ger from tire. Some wish to hold the
property exclusively for their own use.
Others lease their lands to hunting and
fishing clubs. The closing of private tracts
is therefore constantly contracting the
areas available for public use. How com-
mon it is for parties to find spots, where
formerly they stopped to camp over night,
posted with “Private Land — Keep Off.”
More and more large private preserves are
posted with “No Trespass” signs, or the
camper is met by a warden who requests
him to move on. Local resentment in
mountain countries at the closing of one
large tract after another to the camping
and hunting by the public is not wholly
lawless. It is hard to see a few privileged
persons control the mountains where for-
merly free access for recreation was al-
lowed. There is the feeling on the part of
the men who have guided, fished and hunt-
ed over these areas that they ought to be-
long to the whole people in common. And
they are right, and if I am not mistaken a
large part of these mountain lands will ulti-
mately be publicly owned or controlled.
The closing of private lands points to the
value of publicly owned forest lands, where
people living in urban communities and
hot agricultural regions can find an oppor-
tunity for the refreshment and recreation
that can be secured by a sojourn in the
forest. More and more, therefore, the
lands owned by the nation, the States, and

local communities will have an importance
as public playgrounds.

These facts apply with special signifi-
cance to the National Forests. Located as
they are chiefly in the mountain regions,
the National Forests comprise many re-
gions of superh scenery and unexcelled
recreation attractions. It is not only to
the noted mountain sections that I refer,
as in the Olympic Mountains, the Cas-
cades, Sierras, the Rocky Mountains, or
here in the east in the White Mountains
and Southern Appalachians. I have in
mind also the lakes, both the larger ones
like Chelan, Tahoe, Pend Oreille, Coeur
d'Alene, and the innumerable smaller lakes,
the streams abounding in fish, the deep
forests, the canyons, superb mesas, and
other features that in infinite variety and
interest occur throughout these forest re-
gions.

The problem of the recreational use and
enjoyment of the public forests is not as
some think one of mere sentiment. Of
course there is sentiment in the enjoyment
of fine scenery, in camping, in sport. In-
deed, I feel sorry for the man who has no
sentiment about the mountains and their
forest scenery. Neither is it a question
of protecting the forests and scenic w'on-
ders for a few wealthy persons who can
afford to take long trips on the railroad,-
by expensive pack outfits, and so on. We
have a very practical problem of opening
up and making available the public proper-
ties for as wide use as possible by people
of little means as well as by those better-
to-do.

The possibilities of public benefits of the
recreation use of the National Forests and
Parks was never better illustrated than dur-
ing the past summer in Colorado. It was
a time of great heat in the agricultural re-
gions of the plains states. Nearly seven
hundred thousand people visited the Na-
tional Forests of Colorado alone. Trains

were crowded and hotels filled to over-
flowing. But thousands came in their au-
tomobiles or other conveyances, from the
cities and farms, equipped with tents and
cooking outfits, and camped in the Forests
a day or two here and there, or often tor
a longer sojourn near a stream, a lake,
mountain meadow, or other attractive spot.

The immediate service of the public for-
ests for recreation is just as conspicuous
in other portions of the National Forests.
It is a regular thing for the people living
in the valleys of California and southern
Oregon and elsewhere during the hot sum-
mer to take frequent camping trips in the
mountains, sometimes for a few days,
sometimes for several weeks. Through-
out the National Forests are found thou-
sands of such campers, a large majority
of whom are local residents from the val-
leys below, seeking refreshment from the
heat. Some of the Forests already are vis-
ited by no less than fifteen to twenty thou-
sand people each year; and I estimate that
there are at least one and a half million
persons who use the Forests in a single
year, chiefly for recreation purposes.

In a very real sense the recreation at-
tractions of the National Forests constitute
a natural resource that must be safeguard-
ed, utilized, and developed. It is a re-
source of great economic importance to
the local communities. By its development
every citizen in the locality benefits di-
rectly or indirectly. It is not only through
the added business in furnishing accommo-
dations, supplies, transportation, and so
on, to the tourists, but many persons be-
come regular visitors, often building sum-
mer homes and becoming permanently
identified with the region. In a multitude
of ways the local industries are stimulated.

The recreation features of the National
Forests are fostered in a variety of ways.
First, by protection from defacement of
those sections of special value and interest

SUMMER HOME IN A CALIFORNIA

national forest.

Such sites as this one can be leased for long terms at
moderate rates.

READY FOR A TRIP THROUGH A NATIONAL FOREST.
Pecos Valley, New Mexico.

136

from a scenic and recreation standpoint.
Systematically such areas, both large and
small, are being searched out and desig-
nated so that the cutting of timber and
other uses may not result in their injury.
Such areas include mountain peaks, lakes,
canyons of special interest, high mesas,
roadways, and so on. In effect these con-
stitute a multitude of parks and parkways
within the Forests, to be used especially
for recreation purposes.

But protection is only the beginning.
The areas must be opened up and made
available for use by the public. A few
examples will illustrate some of our prob-
lems and how we are working them out.

In southern California, lying directly
west of the Imperial Valley, rise the La-
guna Mountains in the Cleveland National
Forest. Those of you who have visited
the Imperial Valley know something of
the intolerable heat in the summer, situ-
ated as it is below the sea level. At times
the temperatufe is said to remain above
110 degrees for eight or ten days and nights
at a time. Thousands of people leave the
valley in summer. In fact, it is estimated
that the aggregate cost of these summer
flights amounts for those communities to
from one to three million dollars. We are
now building a road from the main El
Centro- San Diego highway into the moun-
tains, to a very beautiful tract of forest
situated at 6,1100 feet elevation. This road
will enable people of the Valley' to reach
the forest tract in a few hours by automo-
bile. The tract will be developed, in co-
operation with the citizens, as a resort, with
hotels, summer cottages, tents, and public
camping grounds. Many hundreds can be
accommodated who now have to travel
long distances by rail to secure relief from
the heat. It is a real problem of public
health. It is also a matter of saving many
thousands of dollars to the Valley people.
Can any one say that from every stand-
point that forest tract is not more valua-
ble for recreation use than to cut into lum-
ber?

A similar situation exists in the Coro-
nado National Forest near Tucson, Ariz.
Here the Santa Catalina Mountains rise
some 5,300 feet above Tucson on the des-
ert, and are clothed with a splendid stand
of timber, furnishing a cool and refresh-
ing summer climate. Here the Forest Serv-
ice has worked out a complete plan of pub-
lic resort development, including a system
of roads and trails, a water supply, sani-
tary provisions, a telephone system, play-
grounds, and park areas for motors. The
value of this resort, when completed, to
the city of Tucson with its 20,000 or more
inhabitants will be appreciated when one
considers that during the summer months
there is a difference of over 20 degrees in
temperature of the mountains as compared
to that in the city immediately below. Well-
to-do people regularly flock to the Cali-
fornia coast at this time; a means for rec-
reation will, by the proposed plan, be af-
forded to all, and it is expected that 5,000

PARK Ai\ D CEMETERY,

or more would avail themselves of the ad-
vantages at the first opportunity.

Still another illustration is the develop-
ment of the Angeles Forest that com-
prises the mountain ranges back of Los
Angeles. Each year many thousand peo-
ple visit this Forest for short trips or a
night's camping. In addition there are be-
ing developed scores of summer communi-
ties and permanent camps. The canyons
are lined with cottages and camps, and
the highland forest areas are attracting
people by scores for temporary and perma-
nent summer accommodations. Every new
road and trail built by the Forest Service
opens up new recreation sites, which are
eagerly sought. It is in this Forest that
the city government of Los Angeles, through
its Playground Commission, has developed
a municipal playground. After a diligent
but vain search in the mountains and at
the beaches for a suitable place nearer
the city, the Commission asked for the set-
ting apart of a suitable tract. The pur-
pose of the Commission was to use the
land as a camping and recreation ground
for the children of the city, and for other
patrons of the municipal playgrounds. The
following results were attained during the
first year.

Four hundred and twenty-seven children
were accommodated on the camping
grounds, each one for a period of two
weeks. (The Commission estimates that
next year this number will be from 1,200
to 1,500.)

The charge for each person taken was
$7.50, which included a trip from Los An-
geles by electric car for 61 miles, followed
by an auto stage ride of 15 miles to the
camp, board for two weeks at the camp,
and the use of a tent and cot during the
stay, with return to Los Angeles by the
same route.

After the opening of the schools, the
tract was open to the parents of the chil-
dren on similar terms.

About $800 was donated to the Cornmis-
sion by various people with which to de-
fray the expenses of such children as did
not have the necessary $7.50.

During the past summer the Commission
expended (exclusive of salaries) $4,552 on
this playground, providing, among other
things, a large outdoor plunge, a building,
and a water system. Telephone connec-
tion was also maintained with the city.
(The plans approved for the coming sea-
son are quite elaborate ; 25 cabins will be
constructed during the spring months, a
cement plunge will be built, a substantial
building with kitchen, storeroom, and
bedrooms will be constructed, and tennis
and croquet courts will be laid out.)

The Playground Commissioners have
provided three instructors to teach the chil-
dren all kinds of outdoor games and sports.
Two or three evenings each week some
prominent man from Los Angeles gives
the children a “campfire talk.” Each morn-
ing every boy camper donates an hour’s
service for cleaning up the camp and im-

proving the grounds ; in fact, everything
indicates that most careful arrangements
had been made for giving the city children
an opportunity for recreation and the en-
joyment of nature in the mountains.

A persistent effort had been made by
one person to secure control of the tract
under the allegation that it was chiefly val-
uable for farming. It would have been
very profitable for him, as a real estate
venture, to sell lots, for there is an active
demand for such sites for summer camps.
But the Secretary of Agriculture chose to
put it to a public use, with the results I
have described.

The action of the Playground Commis-
sion of Los Angeles has resulted in the
starting of other camps of a similar nature.
The Pacific Electric Railway, with 5,000
employes, has applied for a tract about two
miles distant, where , it proposes to build
tent houses, dining rooms and a store, and
will rent these facilities to its employes
at cost. The Masonic Lodge is looking
for a site for its orphans.

Many cities are spending thousands of
dollars for welfare work among children,
but are hard put to find adequate play-
grounds. The problem has been met in
large measure by the Playgrounds Commis-
sion of the city of Fresno, Cal. This
Commission has recently been granted the
use of a site of land near Huntington Lake
in the Sierra National Forest, and proposes
to transport annually 5,000 children of the
city to this National Forest during the
heated months. The children will not only
enjoy a unique outing, but, according to
the plans of the Commission, will be given
instruction in outdoor subjects.

In many cases the development of recrea-
tion areas becomes a co-operative enter-
prise by various public agencies. A con-
spicuous example is the Columbia Gorge
division of the Oregon National Forest.
This is located on the Columbia River and
borders at many points the Columbia River
Highway which is one of the most famous
drives in the world and one of the most
attractive scenic features of the West.
Certain areas have been permanently set
aside in the Forest for protection and de-
velopment in connection with the Columbia
River Highway. The Forest Service has
constructed a number of scenic trails like
that up to Larch Mountain and up Eagle
Creek, and is developing public camping
grounds at strategic points. In planning
and carrying out this work we have the
co-operation of county officials and the
citizens of Portland who are in some cases
giving financial aid to various of the proj-
ects. The plans are correlated with those
of the city and county in the entire Park
and parkway enterprise.

A similar plan is being worked out in
Denver in connection with development of
the Mount Evans region, and with other
communities which have direct interests in
and adjacent to the Forests.

In the eastern mountains, too, we are
fostering the recreation use of the Na-

PARK AND C E M ET E R Y.

137

tional Forests. For many years the public
regarded with increasing interest the ef-
forts of Air. George W. Vanderbilt to in-
augurate a system of forest protection and
conservation on Pisgah Forest in North
Carolina, and not only that, but to protect
the natural game resources and to sys-
tematically increase them. Mr. Vanderbilt
went beyond this. He constructed many
miles of highway through the mountains
and more than a hundred miles of first
class trails. After 20 years of this sort
of care and development, Pisgah Forest
passed to the Government and now is the
Pisgah National Forest. Already it has
been created a National game preserve in
addition to being a National Forest, and
definite plans are being carried out to
maintain the great beauty of the mountain
landscape, to develop the land to highest
timljer productiveness, and to further in-
crease the fish and game resources. Under
a plan of co-operation between the Bio-
logical Survey, the city of Asheville, and
Buncombe County in which it is situated,
the American Bison Society, and others, a
plan is being worked out b}' which the elk
and buffalo will be re-established on this
Forest in large enclosures. It will be the
purpose of the Government as far as its
resources will permit to maintain and im-
prove the roads and trails and in every
way to increase the attractiveness of the
Forest.

In the White Alountains the public has
an interest developed through many years
of constantly increasing use. The point
has been reached where hundreds of thou-
sands frequent those mountains both in
summer and in winter and find in them
unsurpassed conditions for enjoyment and
recreation. The State of New Hampshire
has co-operated in providing five automo-
bile highways leading through the moun-
tains and various outing organizations have
as a result of many years enthusiastic work
constructed hundreds of miles of trails
which are freely opened to the tramping
public. Specific plans are being worked
out by which the Forest Service will en-
courage still further the development of
facilities for the recreational service of
this wonderful region to the public.

The use of the Forests for recreation
has been fostered by the fact that term
leases may be secured for periods up to
30 years for the construction of hotels,
for summer cottages, and similar purposes.
Many are already taking advantage of this
opportunity to establish a summer home
in the Forests. Of special importance is
it to secure a systematic development of
hotels, rest houses, and other accommoda-
tions to visitors. Sites are being leased
and developed for this purpose in a plan-
wise fashion, public camp grounds are be-
ing improved by the Forest Service, maps
and circulars are furnished to visitors, and
all are given a cordial and co-operative
welcome to use the public facilities.

A rapid development for recreation is
following the building of roads and trails

that has for their purposes the general
opening up of different parts of the For-
ests. Already there have been built about
25,000 miles of trails and some 3,000 miles
of roads. Most of the trail work has been
done for fire protection or general com-
munication. But many of the trails pass
through sections of surpassing scenic in-
terest.

At the last session of Congress there
was appropriated a special fund of ten
million dollars to be available at the rate
of a million a year, which added to the
quarter of a million now annually availa-
ble from the receipts of the Forests will
result in opening up many regions now
inaccessible. While the selection of the
roads may be primarily for general devel-
opment purposes, nearly every new road
will greatly add to the recreation use and
development of the F'orests.

Of great importance as a recreational
feature to attract the visitor is the wild
life of the National Forests. Through the
help of the Bureau of Fisheries and the
State hatcheries a great deal is being
done to maintain the fish in the numerous
mountain streams, and with excellent re-
sults. The game problem is a more diffi-
cult one. The game is far less than
should now be produced in the forests.
Restricted authority has prevented the
Government from doing what is obviously
desirable and necessary in order to re-
stock depleted areas. There is still, how-
ever, a good deal of game at certain points,
and I hope that it may be possible to se-
cure authority to go « forward with the
plans which have already been formulated
to increase the game supply. Of special
interest are the elk herds in the Yellow-
stone region and the Olympics, and the
remarkable moose of the Kenai division of
the Chugach Forest in Alaska. Other elk
herds occur in Montana, Colorado, and
Arizona. Small bands of sheep range the
rugged portions of many of the forests,
and in some places they are increasing un-
der prohibition of hunting ; and at numer-
ous points deer and other game are still
fairly plentiful. But we hope that the op-
portunity may be given us to take the
steps necessary to restock the depleted
areas that could carr}' abundant game
(and that is possible without interfering
with the live stock industry), so that prac-
tically all the forests will produce both

big and small game. These would be an
added resource valuable in itself, and a
special attraction to the visitor, to the real
sportsman and to the increasing number
that now hunt with the camera.

In considering the recreation features
of a large forest tract one is apt to think
first of the points of special scenic inter-
est, such as lakes, mountain peaks, a cer-
tain bit of forest, and so on. Of course
such areas will be central points of at-
traction and perhaps visited more than
any other portions of the forest. At the
same time every portion of a public forest
furnishes some recreation feature which
must be considered- in a broad plan of
recreational development. As soon as the
r isitor enters a forest he encounters some
activity of interest from the public stand-
point. It may be the protective system,
with its roads and trails, telephones, look-
outs, tool and food caches, etc.; or nurser-
ies, and plantations ; or timber sales in ac-
tual operation ; or mines ; or waterpower
development. The forest system is a great
public enterprise, and the visitor is almost
invariably interested in seeing how the
forest activities are being conducted and
what public results are being secured.

In working out the recreation develop-
ment there are involved many technical
problems. In our road building we have
the service of the engineers of the Office
of Public Roads. In the game problems,
the Biological Survey experts are available
for advice and assistance. Problems of
landscape and sanitary engineering present
themselves in large numbers, and we have
associated with us a distinguished land-
scape engineer to guide our work, each
step in which counts large and must be
taken right.

An important aspect is the correlation
of the work on the several forests with
that of the National Parks, which in many
cases are surrounded by National Forests
or are adjacent to them. We seek to co-
ordinate the forest road and trail systems
with those in the parks. The systems of
scenic highways should be comprehensive
in character. They should comprise the
National Parks, the scenic points in the
National Forests, and the scenic points in
the forest and park systems of states and
municipalities, and even those privately
owned.

New Garden Book

“The Livable House : Its Garden,’’ by
Ruth Dean, landscape architect, is one of
four volumes comprising the “Livable
House’’ series, and is a beautifully illus-
trated descriptive and critical review of
average types of suburban house gardens.

It is illustrated with 100 full page photo-
graphs of beautiful gardens, whose charm
is due to intelligent planning. The author
is a landscape architect who has achieved
especial success in the treatment of the
house garden, in both formal and informal
ways. She has in addition the very valu-

able faculty of being able to think clear-
ly and express her thoughts simply, so that
the results of her knowledge are more
easily available to the reader than those
of many professional people, who, know-
ing their business, are yet unable to de-
scribe it. For the average suburban home
owner this book should prove to be a
very valuable guide in laying out the
grounds to the best advantage. The work
is published by Moffiat Yard & Co., 120
West 32nd street. New York, and sells for
$2.50 net.

13S

PARK AND

CEMETERY.

Some Ancient and Historic Big Trees

Large trees have from time immemorial
excited the interest and admiration of man.
In Europe many trees of extraordinary
size have been objects of curiosity to trav-
elers, while in this country the great size
and age of the giant redwoods of Califor-
nia have been the subject of frequent in-
vestigations and descriptions, notably by
Aluir, Dudley, and Huntington.

It is not so generally known, however,
that trees belonging to a closely allied
species, the bald cypress, attain an age
equal to, and in one case certainly sur-

Alaria del Tide, •22 km. east of the capital
of Oaxaca, between Santa Lucia and
Tlacochiguaya, there is an enormous
trunk of a Cupressus disticha-(sabino),
which has a circumference of 36 metres.
This old tree is accordingly very much
thicker than the cypress of Atlixco, to
which 1 have already made reference, and
thicker than the dragon trees of the Canary
Islands and all of the baobab (Adanso-
niae) in Africa. Mr. Anza, in making a
detailed investigation of this trunk, found
that it was not a single trunk, but is made

interesting comments by the younger De
Candolle, appeared in the ‘Bibliotheque
Universelle' for 1831. According to Mr.
Exter's measurement, the trunk is 46
varas — one hundred and twenty-two Eng-
lish feet — in circumference: which is
nearly in accordance with Humboldt’s ac-
count. In neither case is the height at
which the trunk was measured expressly
mentioned. But this point has been duly
attended to by a recent scientific observer,
M. Galeotti, who visited this celebrated
tree in 1839 and in 1840, and whose care-

THE LANCASTER ELM.

BALL CYPRESS AT SANTA MARIA DEL TULE, MEXICO.

passing, that of any known redwood. The
redwood and the bald cypress flourished
during the same prehistoric periods, and
were widely distributed not only in this
country, but in Europe. At the present
time, however, each is restricted to a lim-
ited area in the United States — the two
species of redwood, to California, and the
bald cypress, to narrow strips along the
Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, ex-
tending a short distance up the Mississippi
Valley. A third related genus, Glyptostro-
bus, is now confined to a narrow region
in southeast China. Although many of the
cypress trees now growing in our southern
swamps are very old, there are probably
very few that even approach the age of
the giant redwoods of California, and we
must go to Mexico to find what is prob-
ably the oldest living tree in the world,
says a recent bulletin of the Missouri
Botanical Garden, from which the accom-
panying illustration is obtained. There
are a number of extraordinary specimens
of the cypress tree in southern Mexico,
some of which have attracted the attention
of travelers and have been referred to in
their writings. It is one of these which
is the subject of this sketch.

In 1803, Alexander von Humboldt, dur-
ing his travels through southern Mexico,
came across an enormous cypress tree.
He sa3's of it : “In the village of Santa

up of three united trunks.’’ At the time
of his visit Humboldt inserted a square
board into the side of the trunk, about
12 feet above the ground, cutting a shal-
low hole in the outer part of the tree for
that purpose. This board bore a Spanish
inscription, a copy of which does not seem
to have been recorded.

Dr. Gray in his charming essay on “The
Longevity of Trees,’’ refers to this tree
as follows: “We possess three independ-
ent measurements of this enormous trunk.
The first is that given by Humboldt, who
states, prolrably on the authority of his
informant, M. Anza, that the trunk is 30
metres (118 English feet) in circumfer-
ence. In the year 1827, Mr. Poinsett, then
our minister at the court of Mexico,
transmitted to the American Philosophical
Society at Philadelphia a cord which rep-
resented the exact circumference of this
tree. Its extraordinary length naturally
excited some doubts as to the correctness
of the measurement : and immediate appli-
cation was made to Mr. Poinsett for fur-
ther particulars. He accordingly trans-
mitted a communication from Mr. Exter,
an English traveler who had just returned
from Oaxaca, and who had carefully ex-
amined the tree in question. Mr. Exter’s
letter was afterwards published in Lou-
don’s ‘Magazine of Natural History’; and
a French translation, accompanied by some

fill measurement gives to the trunk the
circumference of 105 French (equal to
112 English) feet at the height of four feet
above the surface of the soil. The previ-
ous measurements, therefore, were taken
somewhat nearer the base. The tree as
yet shows no signs of decay, although it
bears less foliage in proportion to its size
than its younger fellows. But we find no
authority for Mr. Exter’s statement, that
this tree was mentioned by Cortes, and
that its shade once afforded shelter to his
whole European army. Perhaps he had
in some way confounded it in his memory
with a cypress which the Conquistador
passed on the march to Mexico, and which
is still traditionally associated with his
name.’’

In 1963, Dr. Hermann von Schrenk,
pathologist to the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den, visited this famous tree. At this time
measurements were made of the trunk and
photographs taken, one of which is here-
with reproduced. This plate, taken from
the roof of one of the buildings across the
square of the small churchyard, where the
cypress stands, gives a good idea of the
general shape of the tree. The crown is
almost round, and the tree has little resem-
blance to young cypress trees growing in
dry localities or older ones growing in the
swamps, but looks more like a large oak.

It has an extremely massive, compara-
tively short trunk, deeply fluted.

A careful examination of the tree (in-
cidentally it might be stated that this was
made under the supervision of a guard of
soldiers and a large percentage of the
population of the village) showed no evi-
dence of decay or disease of any sort, all
of the branches appearing healthy and
vigorous. The best indication of its good
condition was evidenced by the manner in
which the famous Humboldt plate had been
more or less covered during the hundred
years after its placing. The tree had al-
most fully healed over the wound made by
the insertion of the beard. The Spanish
words are still evident on the board, but
of Humboldt’s name, the only parts leg-
ible are “der’’ of the first name, the small
“v,” and “Hum.”

Dr. Gray, in his essay, makes the fol-
lowing remark; “We trust that the next
intelligent traveler who visits this most
ancient living monument, or any other
cypress of remarkable size, will not fail to
complete the evidence that is needed, as
the full solution of this curious problem
may throw light upon some interesting
questions respecting the physical history
of the world. One or more lateral inci-
sions, not at all endangering the existence
of the tree, would at once reveal its actual
growth for the last few centuries. And
if made at proper points, and carried to a
sufficient depth, they might enable the judi-
cious operator to disprove or confirm the
surmise, that' this huge bole may consist of
the trunks of two or three original trees,
long since united and blended into one.
This conjecture is by no means very im-
probable, although there is nothing in the
external appearance of the trunk to con-
firm it.”

Unfortunately, it proved entirely impos-
sible to carry out the suggestion made by
Dr. Gray, because the slightest mention
of injury to this famous trunk was re-
garded with horror by the inhabitants.
The external examination does not confirm
the description which Humboldt attributes
to his friend, Mr. Anza, but confirms the
accounts of Mr. Exter and M. Galeotti,
that the tree appears to be one solid
trunk.

The measurements of the tree were
made with difficulty, since it has a con-
siderable swelling, which extends from six
to eight feet up from the ground, and fur-
thermore, because of the tremendous but-
tresses, some of which are three to four
feet deep. The measurement made by the
writer showed a circumference of 126
feet, measured breast high.

The age of this great trunk has naturally
been the subject of a great deal of specu-
lation, but due chiefly to the fact that we
have so few data as to the rate of growth of
these large trees during the past century,
no very accurate statement can be made.
However, enough is definitely known to
indicate that a conservative estimate of

PARK AND CEMETERY.

the age of this trunk would be considerably
over 4,600 years, and probably nearer to
0,000 years. It is hard to realize that this
particular tree started its growth at a
period antedating any human records.

The Lancaster Elm at Lancaster, Mass.,
which was partially destroyed July 20, 1907,
by a hurricane, was regarded as the larg-
est and most beautiful elm in Massachu-
setts, according to the official bulletin of
the Massachusetts Tree Wardens and
Foresters’ Association, and is probably the
finest specimen in the United States. This
elm or “Queen Elm” as it was sometimes
called, was located in a pasture near the
Nashua River on the estate of C. L.
Wilder, Lancaster, Mass., and was esti-
mated at least two hundred years old.

The bole of the tree was twenty-seven
feet and eight inches in its smallest cir-
cumference. At the ground its circum-
ference was thirty-six feet eight inches,
and at eight feet from the ground it was
thirty feet in circumference. The height
of the tree was one hundred and ten feet,
hut its branches spread over and shaded
such a vast area that it appeared not to
be an especially tall tree. Its branches
were said to have covered a spread of
more than three hundred and fifty feet in
diameter, which would be equal to some-
thing like two acres in extent. The tree
had the appearance of being composed of
three large trees almost equal in size,
growing side by side and subsequently
coalescing and from these many enormous
branches larger than ordinary trees di-
verged about twenty feet from the ground.
The Lancaster Elm was unusually sym-
metrical and beautiful and attracted many
visitors, serving as a Mecca of the lovers
of natural beauty and in many instances
has inspired verse and prose.

Probably the best tribute of this wonder
of nature was paid by the late Dr. Oliver
Wendell Holmes, a great lover of trees
who described it thus : “As I rode along
the pleasant way, watching for the object
of my journey, the rounded top of the
elms rose from time to time at the road-
side. Wherever one' looked taller and
fuller than the rest I asked myself : Is
this it? But as I drew nearer they grew
smaller — all it proved, perhaps, that two
standing in a line looked like one — and so
deceived me. At last all at once, when I
was not thinking of it, I declare to you it
makes my flesh creep when I think of it
now — all at once I saw a great green cloud
on the horizon, so rash, so symmetrical, of
such Olympian majesty and imperial su-
premacy among the lesser forest growths,
that my heart stopped short, then jumped
at my ribs as a hunter springs at a five
barred gate, and I felt all through me,
without need of uttering the word: This
is it!"

The fertile characteristic textured soil
of the Massachusetts river valleys consti-
tute ideal conditions for the best devel-
opment of the elm and the most perfect
types are found in such situations. The

139

elm is very susceptible to cultivation, fer-
tilizing and soil texture and one of the
worst conditions which they have to con-
tend with is a mowing. The elm needs
water but not too much, and drainage of
low, wet places improves them. The ideal
soil for them is one consisting of consid-
erable fine sand and silt having a water
retaining capacity of about 60 per cent.

The connecting link between the past and
the present, between the ancient East and
the modern West, is found in the big
trees of California, the huge species known
as Sequoia washingtoniana.

In a publication entitled “The Secret of
the Big Trees,” by Ellsworth Huntington,
on sale by the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Washington, D. C., it is shown that
the growth rings in the big trees of Cali-
fornia indicate that in general the same
sequence of climatic changes took place
in California and Asia Minor. Curves in-
dicating climatic conditions in California
and Asia Minor show a remarkable resem-
blance between the two regions. The
curves begin with the epoch of the Trojan
War, about 1200 B. C. There both curves
dip very low, indicating an epoch of sud-
den and severe desiccation. That partic-
ular period, historians tell us, was one of
the most chaotic in all history.

The famine in the days of Elijah ap-
pears in both curves. Apparently at that
time the climate did not become extremely
dry, nothing like so bad as it had been a
few hundred years earlier during the
twelfth century, but there was rather a
distinct falling off in the amount of rain-
fall as compared with the uncommonly
good conditions of the preceding century.
About seven hundred years before Christ
both curves stand high in the day when
the Greeks were laying the foundation of
their future greatness and the empires of
Mesopotamia were at their height. Then
comes a pronounced falling off, with a
recovery three or four hundred years be-
fore Christ, another decline culminating
about 200 B. C., and a recovery reaching
a high point about 50 B. C. The time of
Christ, a great era of universal peace un-
der the sway of Rome, was apparently an
epoch of favorable climate, a time of abun-
dant rain and consequent good crops in
all the countries around the Mediterranean
Sea and eastward in Asia, as well as in
California. Next comes a long period of
decline culminating six or seven centuries
after the time of Christ. No period in all
history, save that which centers about 1200
B. C., was more chaotic; and that early
period also appears to have been a time
of greatly diminished rainfall.

This publication, which may be pur-
chased from the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Government Printing Office, for
five cents, gives a detailed account of the
reasons and the work that led to the con-
clusions given above. It also contains 13
illustrations, showing the big trees in the
Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant
National parks.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

HO

New Sterile Flowered Hydrangeas

Within a few years past two new sterile
flowered hydrangeas have been brought to
notice, varieties of hardy native species,
and they have been hailed with great de-
light. Of the older kind the best known
of all is Hydrangea Hortensia, a Japanese
one, the oldest known of all this class of

hydrangea in cultivation. This one, un-
fortunately, is not quite hardy enough for
general cultivation. Even in Philadelphia,
unless in a well sheltered place, such as
Laurel Hill Cemetery, it freezes to near
the ground every winter, and as it is of
the nature that it flowers from the shoots
it makes the previous season, it follows
that when it freezes down in this way,
although it grows again from the base,

Park

The last annual report of the Bureau
of Parks of Portland, Ore., notes that the
attempt is being made in this Bureau to
keep a permanent crew of men at work
the year around, laying out the construc-
tion work for the winter and keeping the
same men for maintenance during the
summer months. In this way the men are
benefited by all the year round employ-
ment and the city is benefited by a steadily
improving body of employes.

The comfort stations cost the citv
$7,104.14 for annual maintenance and had
a use of 1,673,769 persons or a cost of
about 38/100 of a cent for each person.

The same reason for providing drinking
fountains in the streets obtains as in the
case of the comfort stations, and plans are
now under way to provide a limited num-
ber in the more thickly settled parts of the
city.

it will not flower. There are several vari-
eties of this one, such as Thomas Hogg
for one, some of them rather hardier than
the type, but speaking for Pennsylvania,
they all are the better for having their tops
protected in winter. At Laurel Hill Cem-
etery there are many elevations and val-

leys and numerous monuments and stones,
and it is easy to find situations suited for
such rather tender shrubs as these
hydrangeas, so that often fine specimens
of them can be seen in flower there.

The tall-growing, hardy hydrangea now
so common in gardens, H. paniculata
grandiflora, is of a quite different nature.
Far from protesting against the loss of
its previous season's shoots, it rather pre-

About three miles of trees were planted
early in 1914. When the Bureau plants the
trees it takes care of them, and it is ex-
pected that this policy will be followed
until the number of trees has been largely
increased in neighborhoods otherwise en-
tirely destitute of planting, and that the
future will justify the small expense wdiich
is necessary for this limited work. No
satisfactory plans as to this subject have
been settled upon because of the large ex-
pense which woidd be necessary if the
city undertakes to control the planting,
care and removal of all the street trees in
the city.

Sixty concerts were provided by the
city at a cost of $9,261.58 with an attend-
ance of 112,6-50 persons or an average cost
per person of less than eight cents.

The Forestry Building was inspected and

fers to lose them. Gardeners knowing this
prune it back severely before spring comes,
as the strong shoots which this insures
give extra fine panicles of flowers for it,
and many a one has wished the species
previously named, H. Hortensia, would
flower in the same way from its young
wood, but it won't.

Coming now to the two new ones men-
tioned at the head of these notes, one is
a sterile form of H. arborescens, and has
been named grandiflora. It is a beautiful
kind, bearing large heads of pure white
flowers, and flowering freely every sum-
mer. It is like the paniculata grandiflora
in way of pruning, delighting in a close
cutting back of its young shoots in win-
ter; and this pruning tends to make it push
shoots from the crown, which shoots of-
ten flower later than those that come from
the pruned ones higher up.

There is another new sterile, hard\' one,
a variety of a native sort, called Hydran-
gea cinerea. It is not yet in general cul-
tivation nor has it received a varietal name,
being as yet in the hands of the discoverer
of it, M. E. Y. Geas, of Indiana.

It, too, is a valuable acquisition as a
hardy, sterile funeral variety. It flowers
freely, has a good habit of growth and
holds its flower head aloft easily, without
the shoots being pulled over by the weight
of the flowers. A plant was given the
writer two years ago for testing in his
botanical grounds, and the photograph of
it is presented herewith. When this one
is addpd to the other two there will be
three fine, hardy, sterile flowered varieties
of hydrangea, the H. paniculata grandi-
flora, H. arborescens grandiflora and the
new one, H. cinerea, which has not re-
ceived a varietal name yet; and there is
still room for more of these beautiful
shrubs. Joseph Meeh.\n.

although some decay appears in the great
logs, yet it does not seem to have done
such damage as to cause any immediate
anxiety. Measures are being taken, how-
ever, after obtaining the best expert ad-
vice available, to preserve the logs. A
regrade of the street to the south of the
buildings will somewhat change its setting
for the worse, but unless the city was
willing to expend more than $30,000 in
purchasing the frontage and going to more
expense by diverting adjoining streets,
there seemed to be no way to overcome
this difficulty'. The north half of Hillside
Parkway was macadamized and the whole
drive opened on August 4th with a band
concert. More than 4,000 people were on
the driveway that evening.

The roads under construction at IMt.
Tabor were graded and rolled and oiled,

HVDR.VNGEA CIXEREA. NEW STERILE FLOWERAL VARIETY.

Improvement in Portland, Ore.

141

P A RK AND CEM ETE R 1'.

\VOODED WALK IN WASHINGTON “THE CAVE,’’ W \SHINGTON PARK, PORTLAND, ORE.

PARK, FOItTLAND, ORE.

SO that a fairly satisfactory use was ob-
tained.

The building at Peninsula is completed
and the attendance there and in the park
itself greatly increased.

The school playgrounds are another un-
settled problem, largely because of the
division of authority and responsibility
and also on account of the expense at-
tached to maintaining any playground. A
playground can be equipped in fairly good
shape for about $l,o00. The supervision

and incidental expense for about four
months is about $750. The school board
is to be commended for the action it has
already taken in supplying tennis courts,
baseball grounds and in some cases a gen-
erous amount of land.

Columbia Park had its largest crowds on
July 4th and on the Play Festival in Au-
gust. While this park is remote from the
center of the city, j’et it has an increased
use and a unique character. With the
thickening of population around it, this

park is hound to become one of the mosi
useful in the city.

At Kenilworth the w^ading pool and sand
court were the apparent cause of almost
doubling the use of the park.

A new playground was installed in Mt.
Tabor Park near the north entrance. This
was for small children, after the same plan
as Laurelhurst, and proved so popular that
a director was provided. This year a new
playground will be provided at the north-
east corner.

The A. A, C.

S. Convention in Barre,

The thirty-first annual convention of the
Associaton of American Cemetery Super-
intendents will be held at Barre, Vt., Au-
gust -28, -29, 30 and 31.

An exceedingly interesting program has
been prepared and the entertainment has
been carefully arranged for the purpose of
illustrating the special features of the busi-
ness sessions.

The local committee, of which Alexander
Hanton, superintendent of the Barre City
cemeteries, is chairman, is making room
reservations for a large attendance, but in
order to facilitate their w'ork it will be
necessary that any one attending the con-
vention advise them of the fact, and of
the number of persons in the party, as the
hotels are making their reservations
through the committee only.

The local committee have spared no
pains to make this convention one of the
most successful in the history of the asso-
ciation, and all that can possibly do so
are urged to attend with the assurance
that the educational features as well
as the entertainment, coupled with the
beautiful scenery of Vermont at that sea-

son of the year will amply repay them for
the time spent.

W. B. Jones, Secretary.

THE COMING CONVENTION.

Final arrangements for the thirty-first
annual convention of the Association of
American Cemetery .Superintendents are
assuming definite proportions. The recent
visit of Messrs. Painter of Philadelphia,
Jones of Pittsburgh and Atkinson of Tren-
ton to Barre did much toward clearing
away several uncertainties that existed.

The convention will be held in Barre,
Vt., on August 28 to 31, inclusive, a four
days' session being necessary to complete
the program. A definite number of ad-
dresses and papers will be on the program.
Among the contributors will be such w'ell-
known men as Messrs. Leonard Ross of
Mount Hope Cemetery, Boston; W. N.
Rudd of Mt. Greenwood, Chicago; James
Currie of Forest Home, Milwaukee; H. C.
Bassinger of Woodmere, Detroit; Sidney
J. Hare, landscape architect, of Kansas
City. The State of Vermont Geological
Department will contribute an address on
"The Location and Geological Formations

of Granites.'’ The L’niversity of Vermont
will be represented by a speaker from its
botanical department, as will Dartmouth
College. The states of Vermont and New
Hampshire have been requested to send
delegates from their forestry department.^
with subjects covering the moth rust and
other blight disturbances.

A final program will lie reproduced in
the next issue of Park and Cemetery, and
the names of one or more superintendents,
who are authorities in specialized branches,
will be added to the present list.

The idea of the committee is to make
the entire convention as thoroughly in-
structive as is possible, and to send each
delegate home with a feeling that his time
and m.oney have been well spent. Each
man should depart from Barre with a grim
determination to attend faithfully each fu-
ture convention of the association. A spe-
cial drive is also being made for new mem-
bers, and it is felt that the enrollment will
be considerably increased, as several have
already signified their intention of joining.

This is an age of association work, and
industries and groups of individuals are

«

142

organizing by the score. A wonderful op-
portunity is presented to every cemetery
superintendent in the United States and
Canada to join the Association of Amer-
ican Cemetery Superintendents and obtain
the increased benefits that are bound to
follow. Non-members should forward
their applications before the Barre conven-
tion to Secretary Wm. Jones, Highwood
Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Fa.

Detailed information of all kinds can
be had from Alexander Hanton, secretary
of the Barre Entertainment Association,
Barre, Vt.

ON TO BARRE.

Transportation arrangements for the
Barre convention are practically con-
cluded, and efforts are being made to con-
centrate superintendents at various points
for the final ride to Barre. Chicago, Buf-
falo, New York and Boston will be the
gathering points according to present

The

Although many different tree workers
claim to have originated the filling of cav-
ities in trees, this is in reality a very old
practice. However, in recent years it has
received more attention than formerly, and
at the present time a great deal of work
is being done along this line. Some prog-
ress has been made in the technique of the
work, although less than one would nat-
urally expect, and the fundamental princi-
ples underlying the proper treatment of
cavities are still constantly being violated.
This is true to an even greater degree of
other branches of tree work, especially
those involving considerable mechanical
and engineering knowledge.

One of the most unfortunate drawbacks
to intelligent tree work has been the prev-
alence of “fakers” and ignorant men claim-
ing a thorough knowledge of tree work.
These so-called “experts” have not hesi-
tated to set up a business for themselves
with no other experience in tree work than
the filling of a few cavities ; considering
themselves equipped when they have
learned to smooth over a cement surface
with some degree of efficiency, and have
acquired business cards and a little capi-
tal. That workers of this type consider
themselves efficient is shown by their
eagerness to solicit work in towns and
cities where trained men of experience are
in charge of the trees, neither do they
hesitate to condemn work done by those
possessing real skill. It is a regrettable
fact that the desire to become constantly
more efficient possessed by workers in
most other lines is notably lacking in tree
workers as a class, therefore it is not sur-
prising that more progress has not been
made in the perfection of better methods.

It must be confessed that the problems

PARK AND CEMETERY.

plans. In order to facilitate the transporta-
tion services, every superintendent is re-
quested to communicate with the passenger
agent in his section. The sooner this is
done, the easier it will be to determine
just what Pullman arrangements can be
made.

Superintendents west of Chicago should
communicate with J. D. McDonald, assist-
ant general passenger agent. Grand Trunk
R. R., Chicago, 111. This division includes
Missouri, Wisconsin, Minnesota and the
other western and southern states whose
concentration and passing point is naturally
Chicago.

Those east of this point and located in
Indiana, Ohio and western New York
should write to Harry Parry, assistant gen-
eral passenger agent, N. Y. C. R. R., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Superintendents south and west of New
York City who are not included in the
other parties should write to A. H. Seaver,

By George E. Stone, in Bulletin of Massachu-
setts Tree Wardens’ and Foresters’ Association.

relating to the scientific treatment of cavi-
ties have never been solved satisfactorily,
and men who have been for years critically
noting the progress of the work all over
the country fully understand its defects.
P'rom extensive observations, consultation
and correspondence with some of the most
intelligent tree workers it has become evi-
dent to the writer that some different
method of handling cavities is greatly
needed. Many of the more enterprising
and intelligent workers have tried differ-
ent methods, but with doubtful success.
The writer’s interest in the practical and
scientific phases of the problem extends
back many years, and from the first he
has been keenly alive to the shortcomings
of the methods employed. For this reason
hundreds of experiments have been car-
ried on in the last twenty years relating to
this subject. These have included the test-
ing of a large number of substances de-
signed for use in cavities. A great variety
of antiseptics have also been tested, in-
cluding many new by-products not yet on
the market.

The purpose of this article is to give in
a general way the present status of cavity
work, and more especially to touch upon
Imiefly a new method of treating cavities
that is the result of many years of thought
and experimentation. To devise a thor-
oughly practical and scientific method of
treating cavities would not at first thought
seem a difficult task compared with other
tree problems, but this it has proved to be
in spite of the study given to it.

The methods employed in cavity work
have been and still are crude in many
respects. The use of worthless disinfec-
tants, the shaping of the cavity orifice, and
many other practices have shown a total
disregard of the first principles of good

assistant general passenger agent, N. Y.,
N. H. & H. R. R., New York City.

Those in New England should write to
Horace A. Derry, Glenwood Cemetery,
Everett, Mass. Supt. Derry has been des-
ignated by his fellow superintendents to
concentrate the New England delegation
at Boston for a trip ensemble to Barre.

Every member of the association should
delegate himself as a committee of one to
communicate with at least three or four
superintendents who, he believes, are not
going to the annual convention this year.
He should urge upon them the advisability
of attending this educational convention
and show them the benefits to be obtained
from co-operative work. It is further the
duty of every cemetery corporation to send
the superintendent annually to these con-
ventions in order to give him the oppor-
tunity of obtaining important information
through the convention program and con-
tact with his fellow craftsmen.

in Trees

work, as well as of ordinary common
sense.

While the writer has supervised the fill-
ing of many tree cavities, although mainly
for experiment purposes, he has always
believed the practice to be of doubtful
value, and each year this opinion has in-
creased in strength. Some of the numer-
ous objections to be raised against filling
cavities with cement follow ;

1. The physical properties of cement
are so unlike those of a living tree that
the cement cannot accommodate itself at
all to the constant swaying movement of
trees. As a consequence the fillings are
likely to crack and become displaced, al-
though this is not so often the case with
fillings low down in the tree. This un-
avoidable cracking of the cement renders
it extremely unsuitable for use in cavities.

2. Cement, upon drying, shrinks from
the wood, furnishing an entrance for wa-
ter, frost and injurious organisms.

3. It is practically impossible to stop
bleeding from a cavity that has been filled
with cement. This bleeding sap or “Slim
Flux,” which is not uncommon in many
trees, discolors the bark and in some cases
injures it.

4. There is nothing to be gained from
filling a tree cavity with any material ex-
cept the direction of the healing tissues,
which is the chief object of treatment of
cavities after they have been thoroughly
cleaned and disinfected.

5. Cement does not in any case
strengthen the tree ; on the contrary, it
often proves weakening from its cumber-
some and quite unnecessary weight. It is
not adapted to horizontal cavities, which
are difficult to seal sufficiently to prevent
trouble from water, etc.

6. The several schemes devised to in-

Treatment of Cavities

PARK AND CEMETERY.

143

crease the efficiency of cement fillings, such
as reinforcing with iron, wire, etc., cover-
ing the cement surface with metal, the use
of elastic material, making special grooves,
laying the cement in sections, and many
others, have not proved of much use in
solving the problem.

7. The tissues back of a cavity are
rendered more susceptible to decay by the
cement filling. This is especially true if
proper antiseptic treatment is not given,
or if the cavity is not thoroughly cleaned.
From the various objections given it fol-
lows that it is often better to leave the
cavity open or to cover only the orifice,
than to fill with cement.

Metal coverings are also likely to be- •
come displaced by any swaying of the
tree and are affected to too great a degree
by changes in temperature. They often
rot out quickly and do not constitute a
satisfactory covering.

The proper treatment of tree cavities
consists first in removing all the diseased
tissue ; second, the cavity should be thor-
oughly disinfected with some good pene-
trating substance, and third, the cavity
should usually be covered in some way.
It may take some days thoroughly to dis-
infect the cavity, and the disinfectant
used, which should be chosen for its pen-

The naturalistic methods of gardening
are undoubtedly the most interesting to the
American people, and I think the formal
arrangement should be confined to re-
stricted areas, disconnected from other
parts of the ground. In connection with
magnificent architecture, and considered
part of the architectural scheme, this kind
of gardening is perfectly fitting.

The first step in the arrangement of any
landscape is the making of a plan. This
plan should give every detail of grading
and planting arrangement. It should be
made to a scale large enough, if possible,
to give the location of each individual
plant. It should show the location of
buildings, roads, paths, drains and all ex-
isting and proposed features. This plan
should be accompanied by written instruc-
tions and specifications, and it should be
conscientiously followed as a guide in fu-
ture operations to prevent incongruities
and confusion.

The laying out of the ground should be
done in the following order; Locating
and building the residence and other struc-
tures; grading; laying drains; making
roads and paths ; planting of trees and
shrubs, and lastly the finishing of the
lawn. The location of the residence and
the planting near it should be very care-
fully considered. Generally the house is
finished and grading done before the lay-

etrating qualities and permanent effects,
may have to be applied several times. The
material for covering the cavity should
possess the same or similar physical prop-
erties to those of the tree itself. Such a
material may be found in chemically
treated wooden blocks laid in an impervi-
ous, more or less elastic cement. After
years of experimentation and study of a
great variety of cements and other sub-
stances we believe that in these treated
wooden blocks we have an ideal material
that can be used conveniently and cheaply.
The blocks may be used in various sizes,
and there are different methods of hold-
ing them firmly in the tree. The chemical
treatment which they should receive insures
them against decay, so that they will last
indefinitely. They should be laid in the
elastic substance much as bricks are laid,
and when properly fitted to the opening of
the cavity they will adapt themselves to
any movement of the tree and will seal
the cavity indefinitely. The blocks are
made so that they can be reinforced with
metal or other binoing materials, and may
be made to interlock, if necessary. The
most convenient sizes for the blocks are
4 in. X 4 in. x 4 in. ; 4 in. x 4 in. x 8 in.,
or ’d in. X 4 in. X 8 in., and other sizes
may be employed. After the blocks are
laid, their outside surface should be

From a Report by L, P.

Jensen of St. Louis.

ing out of the ground is thought of,
whereas the proper way is to consider the
location of the building in connection with
the planinng of the grounds. Planting
about the base of a building helps to con-
nect it with the lawn upon which it stands
and softens the stiff, regular lines. This
planting should consist of hardy material,
which will be effective even in winter.

Porches and parts of the building ought
to be planted with hardy vines for purpose
of both privacy and comfort. The land
should be as spacious as possible to give
extent to the place, and should have bound-
aries of closely planted trees and shrubs
in irregular masses, and the foreground
should be planted here and there with
masses of herbaceous and annual flowers
carefully arranged so as not to cause a
spotted effect.

Out-buildings should be partially
screened by mass planting so as to show
only those parts of them which will add
to the beauty of the composition. Avoid
the common fault of scattering plants all
over the grounds without reason or fault.

In the arrangement of the plantation be
careful to study the natural growth of the
plants, such as height, form, rapid or slow
growth, texture and color of the foliage,
and season of bloom. While most plants
have green leaves, there is a great differ-
ence in the shades of green, which differ-

treated with coal tar or some similar sub-
stance.

In this method of treating cavities we
do away with the filling, and still accom-
plish the main object of such treatment,
i. e., furnishing a means for the direction
of the callous growth. The obnoxious
bleeding effects already mentioned as be-
ing so hard to prevent in cement filled cav-
ities are also obviated. In some cases of
cavity work metal and cement may be em-
ployed to fairly good advantage, and it
may be necessary still to make use of them
in special cases until something better is
found; but in the majority of cases, espe-
cially with large cavities and where there
is motion of any kind, the chemically
treated wooden blocks described will prove
superior.

When cement is used, e. g., in cavities
that will be but little affected by the motion
of the tree, it is better to use it as a sur-
face covering 4 to 5 inches thick than to
attempt to fill the entire cavity.

It should be pointed out that it is not
necessary to fill all cavities. In some
cases the tree is not worth the expense,
and when the healing tissues have made
considerable growth, the tree is often so
strengthened that it is safe to leave it
untouched.

Design

ence must be carefully considered for the
sake of harmony in the landscape compo-
sition.

Such plants as the blue spruce, purple
beech, plum and birch, golden elder and
all plants with highly-colored leaves, should
be used very carefully, as should also many
of the plants like the weeping mulberry,
weeping elm and th ; Kilmarnock weeping-
willow.

Take advantage of the beautiful points
in the surrounding landscape by opening
vistas and plant tall growing trees and
shrubs to shut out undesirable objects.

When planting groups and masses, do not
indiscriminately mix the plants. Plant sev-
eral of each kind or variety together, and
where more than one kind is used in a
group, let them mix slightly to avoid the
formation of stiff regular lines. The prop-
er location of drives and walks is an im-
portant consideration. They should be as
direct as possible and planned for conven-
ience as well as beauty. Except on very
small places, a slightly curving road or
walk is generally more pleasing than a
straight one. Every road or walk should
have a distinct aim, such as buildings,
pleasing view points, etc. Large bends will
only be justified by natural obstacles, such
as rocks, v/ater, or groups of trees, the
curves should be easy, and gracefully fol-
lowing the natural contour of the ground.

Some Principles of Landscape

1+4

P A R K A N D CEiMET E R 1+

If possible, do not allow roads and walks
to run through the center of a lawn or
meadow, but keep them to one side and
plant trees and shrubs irregularly along
their sides in such manner as to prevent
long stretches of either road or walk from
being seen from any point of view. The
entrance to a place should be as simple as
possible and in keeping with the general
lay of the ground.

Bridges should be of a pleasing, simple
design, harmonizing with their surround-
ings. No bridges should be built unless

there is a reason for it. Other structures,
such as summer houses, arbour and boat
houses should be ver\- carefully placed. If
the design is simple and in harmony with
its surroundings, the structure may add
naturally to the beauty of the landscape,
but' if not properly designed or placed
without apparent reason for its position,
it had better be left out, as it would only
spoil what perhaps otherwise was a fine
composition.

Do not try to grow such plants as love
shade and moisture on dry hillsides, as is

often done, but select plants which are es-
pecially adapted to the climate, soil and
situation of your garden. Use American
grown plants in your plantations if you
want to succeed. Do not attempt to trans-
plant large trees and shrubs from the
woods into }our gardens, they will either
not live or produce a stunted growth;
small plants may be collected and trans-
planted successfully. Make use of the
many beautiful hardy plants introduced
from other countries, especially those from
Japan which are well adapted to our
American climate.

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions zvhich zAll be an-
SK'cred by an attorney zvithout charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Editor Asked and Answered : A mar-
ried daughter is buried on the lot belong-
ing to her father and mother, both of
whom are deceased, and a headstone is
placed at her grave by her huslmnd. Sev-
eral years later there is a split between the
husband and brothers of the deceased
woman and the lettering on her headstone
is changed to include her maiden name.
This enrages the husband and he chisels
this surname from the headstone. Now
the question arises who shall repair the
damaged piece of work? We would like
to ask first who would be considered owner
of the headstone, and if the huslxmd is
so considered, what steps would be nec-
essary to cause the removal of this stone
so that a new one conforming to the ideas
of the lot owners can be placed at the
grave. — B. M., O.

I am of the opinion that the legal rights
in this matter are all on the husband's side,
except as he may have rendered the head-
stone unsightly by the manner in which
he caused his deceased wife's maiden name
to be obliterated. If he did this, it would
seem that he is, at least, technically within
the provisions of the Ohio statute which
declares that “whoever, without authority,
removes or maliciously injures a tomb,
monument, grave stone, grave marker, or
other marker erected to perpetuate the
memory of * * * a person * * *
shall be fined not less than $25 nor more
than $5ii0 or imprisoned not more than
thirty days, or both.”

But since,, as will be seen below, the
husband is legally entitled to control the
headstone, nothing short of such mutila-
tion of the stone as would show palpable
disrespect for his dead wife would render
him liable to prosecution.

For the same reasons, I conclude that
the brothers of the deceased woman have
no right to remove the monument nor to
make any changes in the inscription
thereon, except as may be reasonably nec-
essary to avoid marring the general ap-
pearance of the lot. That they were at
fault in precipitating the trouble is clear,
for they had no right to meddle with the

inscription which, apparently, was adopted
liy their father and mother, while owners
of the lot, as well as by the husband.
This being true, it follows that the hus-
l)and was entitled to restore the inscription
to its old reading, but he was bound to
do this in such manner as not to cause an
unsightly mutilation of the headstone. The
brothers have no right to complain of
necessary marring of the monument in
eliminating the name they added without
authority.

I am, therefore, of the opinion that the
brothers are not entitled to remove the
stone and substitute another, unless it can
be shown that the husband wantonly
marred the monument in removing his
wife's maiden name. If he did do this,
they should apply for an injunction to
restrain him from interfering with re-
mo\al of the marred headstone and sub-
stitution of another. Without the protec-
tion of such a court order, they, as well as
a monument contractor doing the actual
work of removal and substitution, would
be running chances of prosecution under
the Ohio statute above mentioned for re-
moving a gravestone without authority.

To support the view above expressed, I
make reference to authoritative court de-
cisions as follows :

In the case of Durell vs. Hayward, 9
Gray's Reports, 248, plaintiff sued defend-
ant, her son-in-law, for damages for re-
moving a gravestone which she erected
over the grave of her daughter, defend-
ant's wife, and which he removed to make
room for another which he selected.

The tablet erected by plaintiff read ; “In
memory of Harriet M. Hayward, daughter
of David and Almira Durell, born,” etc.
Defendant had no intimation of plaintiff's
intentions until the monument had been
erected. When he removed it, he kept
it subject to plaintiff’s order, but she re-
fused to receive it and brought suit for
damages. The trial judge awarded dam-
ages in plaintiff's favor, holding ‘‘that the
plaintiff had a right to erect the stone in
memory of her daughter as she did; that
the defendant, if there was anything upon

the stone disagreeable to his feelings, could
not remove the stone and carry it away
without first giving notice to the plaintiff ;
that the subsequent tender of the stone to
the plaintiff was of no avail in the matter
of damages.” But, on defendant's appeat
to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massa-
chusetts, in which commonwealth the case
arose, the judgment was reversed, the
higher court saying :

"The plaintiff had no right to erect a
stone at the grave of the defendant's wife
without his knowledge or consent. The
indisputable and paramount right, as well
as duty, of a husband, to dispose of the
body of his deceased wife by a decent
sepulture in a suitable place, carries with
it the right of placing over the spot of
burial a proper monument or memorial in
accordance with the well known and long
estaldished usage of the community. The
defendant had therefore a right to re-
move the stone which the plaintiff had
placed over the grave of his wife, in order
to put in its stead the one procured by
himself; and having taken it down with-
out injury, and holding it in his posses-
sion, ready to be delivered up to the plain-
tiff on her demand therefor, he has done
no act for which an action of trespass will
lie.”

In the case of McGann vs. McGann, 28
Rhode Island Reports, 130, plaintiffs sued
to compel defendant, widow of their
brother, to remove from a monument
which had been erected at the expense of
his estate the names of defendant’s par-
ents which she had caused to be inscribed
on one side of the monument. In denying
the right of plaintiffs to have the erasure
made, the Rhode Island Supreme Court
said :

“If, then, the widow has such right of
control [control of her husband’s burial],
and being also administratrix, has obtained
authority to expend the money of the es-
tate for erecting a monument, she must, as
a matter of course, have the right to erect
such a monument as she chooses, within
the limits of expenditure authorized, with
such inscription thereon as she may deem

appropriate, su’jject to such reascnahle
rules and regulations as may be imfosed
by the authorities in control of the ceme-
tery; subject also to the rights of the
owner of the lot, where, as in this case,
the interment is made in a lot owned by
a third person; and further subject to such
reasonable control, regarding the charac-
ter of the monument and its inscript'on. as
shall prevent any such infractions of those
recognized rules of propriety as would
shock the sense of the community or show
disrespect or contempt for the dead, cr in
any real sense do injury to the feelings
of the surviving relatives. We think that
a court of equity could and should exer-
cise control, in its .discretion, in such mat-
ters upon a proper case. * * * We

are of the opinion that it was entirely
proper for the widow, under the circum-
stances, to so place the names of her
father and mother upon said monument.
Jt was done in pursuance of an agreement
with her father, in consideration of his
permission to erect such a monument as
she desired, and such as would by reason
of its size and location, prevent him from
erecting his own m.onument on his lot to
himself and his wife."

The court refused to sanction a view
asserted by the brothers of the deceased
that because the monument was paid for
out of funds of the estate in which they
were interested, they had a part owner-
ship in the monument. The Supreme
Court said on this point ;

"We find no case in which such principle
of ownership has ever been recognized. On
the contrary, it has been the recognized
doctrine of the English law that property
in monuments and gravestones remains in
the executor, or in the person who erects
them (if other than the executor), during
life; and after decease of the executor
(or other person erecting), then in the
heirs.'’

"It will at once appear that any such
principle of ownership, if recognized hy
the law, would be likely to lead to most
unseemly wrangles and to suits of various
kinds of very doubtful solution by the
courts.”

From the

Persons desiring to acquire lots in the
cemetery, and not being able to pay the
entire price thereof in cash, will be re-
quired to pay not less than one-half of
the price in cash, and to execute his note,
or notes for the remainder of the price
in such amounts and upon such time as
may be mutually agreed upon. But the
payment of such money and the execution
of such note or notes shall not confer any
title whatsoever upon the purchaser to said
lot or any part thereof until all of said
notes shall have been fully paid. And upon
failure to pay any of said notes in whole

PARK AND C E M ET E R

Another case which bears a still closer
resemblance to the one presented by our
correspondent is that of Thompson vs.
Deeds, 93 Iowa Reports, 228. A man who
had been twice married was, at his desire
and with his widow's consent, buried in
the lot of his daughter by the first mar-
riage and beside the remains of his first
wife. Later his widow bought a $1,201)
monument to erect over her husband’s
grave and coping at a cost of $ii00 to go
r.round the entire lot. The daughter re-
fused permission for erection of the mon-
ument and coping, whereupon the widow
threatened to remove the remains to an-
cthicr place where she could make the
desired improvements. The daughter
then brought suit to enjoin the removal.
In denying the widow's right to disturb
the remains, but holding that she was en-
titled to construct the monument, although
on a lot not belonging to her, the low’a
Suprem.e Court declared;

"The fact that the plaintiff holds the
legal title to the lot w'herein rest the re-
mains of her dead father is not, to our
minds, of controlling importance, in deter-
mining as to the right of the defendant to
remove his remains. * * * For some

reason, — it matters not what, — his daugh-
ter is unwilling that her stepmother should
erect a monument upon this lot, not only
in memory of her deceased husband, but
also in memory of his first wife, and of
plaintiff's first husband. Ha\’ing assented
to her father being buried in her lot, she
ought not to be heard to say that his wife
shall not erect thereon, to his memory, a
suitable monument. * * * This daugh-

ter and this widow should exercise a little
Christian charity; should remember that
whatever their differences may be, they
should be lost sight of in the presence of
the dead, and obliterated in a common
desire and effort to suitably testify to their
respect for one who was, as to cue of
them, a father, and, as to the other, a
husband. * * * We think the District

Court erred. It should have entered a
decree for plaintiff, enjoining the removal
of the body of Philip Deeds, and author-

Extracts from the Rules of
Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis.

or in part, at maturity, the cemetery shall
have the right, at any time thereafter, to
enter upon said lot and remove any body
or bodies interred thereon, together with
all monuments or marking stones, to other
grounds reserved for single interments ;
and in such event, all moneys theretofore
paid shall be deemed and taken as having-
been paid in consideration of the right to
bury upon such lot and the occupancy
thereof for the time being, and for the
price of said grounds to which such body
or bodies shall have been transferred, and
to cover the cost of transferring such

145

izing the defendant to erect upon the lot
in which rest his remains a monument to
his memory, with proper inscriptions. Un-
der the peculiar circumstances of this case,
defendant's right in this respect should be
properly guarded, as to the size and loca-
tion of the monument, having in mind the
plaintiff s right to occupy and use the rest
of the lot. We think that no inscription
should be permitted to be placed upon
the monument, in any way referring to the
plaintiff or her first husband, whose re-
mains lie in said lot. Defendant should
not be permitted to erect a coping around
said lot. To do so would be a virtual act
of appropriation of the whole lot, which,
under the circumstances, would, we think,
be manifestly improper."

One of the earliest American decisions
bearing on this subject appears in the fol-
lowing language of the New Hampshire
Supreme Court announced in 1828 in the
case of Sabin vs. Harkness, 4 New Hamp-
shire Reports, 415, and still good law;

"It seems that, by the rules of the com-
mon law, those who have erected grave-
stones may maintain an action for injury
done to them during their time. But after
their decease, the action, in such a case,
beloiigs to the heirs of him, to whose
honor and memory the stones were
erected."

To my mind the controlling fact of the
case presented by our correspondent is
that the husband of the deceased woman
was permitted by her parents to erect a
headstone over her grave, bearing a cer-
tain inscription which did not displease
them. In the face of this circumstance, I
cannot see how, long afterward, the
brothers have any standing to interfere
with the husband's primary right to say
what should be on the headstone. As
intimated in one of the decisions ab-
stracted above, the law gave the parents
the right to make their permission for the
interment of the deceased woman's body
in the lot conditional upon the husband
agreeing that her maiden name appear on
the stone, but they did not exercise that
right. — A. L. H. Street.

Books

remains, monuments and marking stones;
and thereafter such proposed purchasers
shall have no right or equity whatever in
the lands so conditionally purchased. And
in no case shall a deed be executed for any
lot until the same has been fully paid for.

1. The proprietor of each lot shall have
the right to erect proper stones, monu-
ments or sepulchral structures strictly sub-
ject to the regulations governing the same.

2. The proprietor of each lot shall
erect, at his or her expense, suitable land-
marks of stone, at the corner or bound-
aries thereof, not less than two and one-

Cemetery Rule

146

PARK AND CEMETERY.

half feet long, and set even with the sur-
face of the ground, and shall also cause
the number thereof to be legibly and per-
manently marked on such stones, and if
the proprietor shall omit, for thirty days
after notice to erect such landmarks and
mark the number, the managers shall have
the authority to cause the same to be done
at the expense of the proprietor.

3. All persons are prohibited from
planting trees, shrubs or plants on lots or
graves, and from planting any flowers in
the cemetery grounds. Flowers are per-
mitted in vases or urns, and cut flowers
may be placed upon the graves or in bou-
quet holders set level with the surface of
the lawn, but will be removed as soon as
they become faded and unsightly in
appearance.

4. Unfilled vases and urns, or unpainted
and rusty settees will not be allowed to
remain on lots after July 1st of each year,
but will be removed from the lot and held
subject to the order of the lot owner for
twelve months, after which any responsi-
bility of the cemetery ceases, and disposal
will be made of the same.

•5. The cemetery will not be responsil^le
for anything of a movable character that
may be lost, misplaced or broken.

ti. The superintendent will give esti-
mates to lot owners for sodding, grading
and repair work of any kind.

7. Floral designs or other decorations
will be removed from lots or graves as
soon as the flowers become wilted or un-
sightly, and persons wishing to retain any
must remove them within 48 hours after
the funeral.

8. Removal of interments will not be
permitted between May 1st and October
1st of each year.

!l. If any trees or shrubs situated in
any lot shall, by means of their roots,
branches, height or otherwise, become det-
rimental to the adjacent lots, walks or
avenues, or dangerous or inconvenient to
passengers, it shall be the duty of the
managers, and they have the right, to
enter into the said lot and remove the said
trees or shrubs or such parts thereof as
are thus detrimental, dangerous or incon-
venient.

10. All lots set with grass or sodded,
and not unnecessarily encumbered with
shrubbery, or otherwise, will be kept in
order free of expense to the owner.

11. Lots shall not be used for any other
purpose than as a place of burial for the
dead ; and no trees within the lots or bor-
ders shall be cut down or destroyed with-
out the consent of the managers of the
corporation.

12. If any monument, effigy, or any
structure, or object whatever, or any in-
scription be placed in or upon any lot,
which shall be determined by the major
part of the managers to be, or to have
become, offensive, or improper or injurious
to the appearance of the surrounding lots
or grounds, the said managers shall have
the right and it shall be their duty to

enter upon such lot and remove the said
offensive, improper, or unsightly structure
or object.

If any vault, tomb, sarcophagus, mau-
soleum or like structure in which bodies
are interred, be erected in or upon any
lot, and same shall fall into a state of
dilapidation or decay, which shall be de-
termined by the major part of the man-
agers to be offensive or in any way injuri-
ous to the appearance of the surrounding
lots or grounds, no adequate provision
having been made by the owner for the
repair and preservation of such structure,
the said managers shall have the right and
it shall be their duty to enter upon such
lot and remove the said offensive or un-
sightly structure and inter the body or
bodies in the earth upon said lot, main-
taining the lot in good condition similar to
other lots where earth burials are made.

13. Proprietors shall not allow inter-
ments to be made in their lots for a re-
muneration. All interments in lots' shall
Ije restricted to the members of the family
and relatives of the proprietor thereof,
e.xcept special permission to the contrary
be obtained, in writing, from the secretary.

14. All deeds when executed shall be
construed as simply granting to the pro-
prietor, being tbe original purchaser of the
lot conveyed, the right to use said lot for
burial purposes, for the interment of him-
self, his family, his relations and descend-
ants, and such other persons as in his life-
time he shall have procured the permission
of the secretary to bury thereon as above
provided. But such burial right shall not
be transferable, either by voluntary or in-
voluntary conveyance or by descent to any
other person or persons without the ex-
press consent of the board of managers of
tbe cemtery.

15. Private fences or enclosures around
lots will not be allowed.

lb. No interments are allowed until the
payment for the lot is provided for as
required by the regulations prescribed for
the purchase of lots; and if at any time
any note or notes, executed upon the exe-
cution of a conditional contract for the
purchase of a lot, shall be past due, no
further interment shall be allowed thereon
until such note or notes shall either be
paid or the prompt payment thereon se-
cured to the satisfaction of the lioard of
managers.

17. All graves shall be dug by workmen
in the employment of the corporation, for
which reasonable charges will be made.

18. Proprietors wishing improvements
on their lots must pay for the same to the
superintendent when ordered.

19. Trellises of any kind are prohibited
on the grounds of the cemetery.

20. No enclosures of any kind allowed
around graves.

21. All lot owners are prohibited from
selling their lots in whole or in part, or
from transferring the same without the ex-
press permission of the board of managers
of the Crown Hill Cemetery, and when-

ever the board of managers shall, after
an investigation of an individual case,
agree to repurchase a lot formerly sold,
payment will be made when the lot owner
shall have conveyed by deed the lot to the
cemetery, furnishing good and sufficient
title, approved by the attorneys for the
board, and no more will be paid than was
originally received, and in no case will any
lot be repurchased upon which there is an
interment.

22. No trees, plants or shrubs as bound-
ary marks allowed.

23. All graves to be sodded all over ;
the mounds to be three inches in height in
the center, with rounded sides and ends,
except on single interment sections, where
the graves will be made level with the
lawn. All graves to be made, sodded and
cared for by the cemetery.

24. Lot-owners are prohibited from
placing on lots or graves all toys, cases,
boxes, globes, shells, cans, jugs, bottles
and l)ric-a-brac of every description; any
such articles found on the cemetery
grounds will be removed.

25. No wooden or cast-iron benches,
chairs, settees or headl^oards, or any arti-
cle of this kind allowed on the ground.

2(i. Heavy loads will not be allowed to
enter unless by permission of the super-
intendent.

27. The grading of all lots must be
under the direction of the superintendent,
and by bands employed regularly on the
grounds.

28. No burials will be allowed on Sun-
day except when an immediate interment
is ordered by the board of health.

29. As Crown Hill Cemetery, under its
present regulations, gives every grave and
lot the necessary care to keep it perpetu-
ally in good order and condition, no spe-
cial funds for any special care or decora-
tion of graves or lots will be received.

30. No stone, cement or steel vault will
be permitted on single interment sections.

Special single interments will be pro-
vided where vaults may be used.

MONUMENTAL WORK.

1. Plans for all monumental work must
be submitted to the superintendent for his
approval before contracting for the same.

All monumental work must be brought
into the cemetery grounds at the east
entrance.

2. All foundations for all stone work
must be built by the cemetery, and must
be ordered and paid for at the cemetery
office at least two weeks in advance of the
arrival of the work.

3. All monuments and headstones must
be of a good quality of granite, marble
or other stone adapted to such purposes.
No other material will be allowed in the
cemetery grounds.

4. Grave markers shall not exceed six
inches in height, except on lots and sec-
tions where there are higher markers, in
which case markers will be limited to
twelve inches in height. No sunken letters
will be permitted on markers, unless it be

PARK AND CEMETERY.

147

to duplicate an old marker on an old lot.
All letters on new markers must be raised
letters.

5. Only one stone can be placed at a
grave ; both head and foot stones not al-
lowed.

6. At the single interment sections no
monuments or markers of any kind over
six inches in height will be allowed, and
must be placed at the head of the grave.

7. The minimum size for all markers
shall be 10x20 inches, except for children
under 10 years of age, the size may be 8x1(3
inches.

8. The cemetery will set in place all
markers delivered on the lot or at the
grave. The monument dealer will set all
other stones under the supervision of the
superintendent.

9. A uniform price of three dollars will
be charged for putting in foundations for
markers.

10. No foundations of any kind will be
put in between the 15th of May and June
1st and between December 1st and March
1st of each year.

11. Curbings or stone around graves
will not be allowed on the cemetery
grounds.

12. Only one monument on a lot will
be allowed, except by permission of the
board of managers.

13. In the erection of monuments,
vaults, tombs or other structures, a place
will be designated by the superintendent for
the deposit of the stones, brick or other
materials, which shall not remain longer
on the ground than is actually necessary
for their construction.

14. All workmen employed in the con-
struction of vaults, erection of monuments,
landmarks or any other work, must be
subject to the control and direction of the
superintendent, and any workman failing
to conform to this regulation will not be
permitted afterward to work on the
grounds.

15. The erection of a monument or
headstone on any lot will not be permitted
until the lot has been entirely paid for.

16. No vaults, tombs or mausoleums,
partly above ground and partly under
ground, or wholly under ground with an
entrance above ground, will be permitted.

Surface vaults, i. e., vaults in the
ground at the surface, covered by a slab,
are not recommended but will be permit-
ted, only on such lots where one or more
such vaults are now placed, provided plans
for same are approved by the superintend-
ent, to whom they must in all cases be
submitted before the work is begun.

In any case, such vaults will be required
to have suitable foundations extending to
a depth of six feet from the surface, and
the covers must be of granite of good
quality not less than eight inches thick.
The covers shall extend not more than
six inches above the surface at any point,
and when an interment is made must be
set in cement and sealed with an air-tight
joint.

Slabs which are not covers for surface
vaults will not be permitted on graves.

17. On section 49 no monument will be
permitted.

18. Stone benches or seats will not be
permitted except by special permission of
the superintendent.

MAUSOLEUMS.

The erection of a mausoleum, or a vault
or tomb above ground, will be permitted
only upon compliance with the following
requirements, which are considered essen-
tial to the best interests of the lot-owners
and the cemetery :

A. The lot upon which such a struc-
ture may be erected shall be a lot set
apart and designated by the cemetery as
a “Mausoleum Site,’’ and shall have an
area of not less than four times the area
to be occupied by the structure, but in no
case shall the area of the lot be less than
1,200 square feet.

B. The plans, specifications, and posi-
tion on the lot for such a structure must
be submitted to the superintendent and ap-
proved by him ; and the cemetery reserves
the right to prohibit the erection of any
structure that is not considered suitable or
desirable in the cemetery.

In any case, the material of stich struc-
ture must be granite of good quality; the
foundations must be not less than six feet
deep or less than two feet thick in the out-
side walls ; the stones of the walls and
roof of the superstructure must be not less
than twelve inches thick at any point and
must be of sufficient size to reduce as far
as possible the number of exposed masonry
joints; the roof must be supported on the
walls of the building without requiring
intermediate supports; all metal work
must be bronze of standard quality ; a com-
plete system of ventilation must be pro-
vided ; the crypts must each be completely
inclosed independently of the walls of the
building and so arranged that each can be
hermetically sealed after a body is placed

The park board of Kansas City has let
the contract for the marble and stone work
in connection with the memorial to Col.
Thomas H. Swope in Swope Park to the
George W. Huggins Construction Company
at its bid of $32,382. The ornamental and
inscription work will be let separately to
other contractors.

The monument to Perry E. Randall in
Swinney Park, Fort Wayne, Ind., is now
in place, but has not been formally dedi-
cated. It is planned by the park board to
have a number of those who knew the de-
ceased speak at the unveiling.

The annual report of the public parks
board of Winnipeg, Canada, for 1916 gives
an interesting account of the activities of

therein ; and an air space must be pro-
vided between the crypts and the walls of
the building. The selection of the position
on the lot must be made with a proper
regard for the relation of the mausoleum
to the adjacent lots and monuments and
for the general appearance of the grounds.

C. The perpetual maintenance of such
a structure, that is to say, the future re-
pair, preservation and cleaning of the mau-
soleum, must be provided for in the fol-
lowing manner :

When the plans and specifications for the
mausoleum are submitted, the superintend-
ent will estimate the probable annual ex-
pense of the maintenance and cleaning of
the structure, and report his recommenda-
tions to the board of managers.

The board of managers will then fix an
amount, in consideration of the payment
of which to the cemetery, the cemetery
will enter into an agreement with the lot-
owner to expend a given average sum per
year in the repair, preservation and clean-
ing of the mausoleum. In no case, how-
ever, will this amount be fixed at less
than one thousand dollars for a mauso-
leum or tomb wholly above ground. This
agreement must be executed, and the full
payment of the sum stipulated therein must
be made to the cemetery before work on
the mausoleum is begun.

An agreement, similar to the one for new
mausoleums, will be made with owners
of mausoleums now standing, and they are
urgently solicited to make such provision
for the future care and preservation of
their mausoleums, while those most inter-
ested are yet living, and to the end that
these structures shall forever remain in-
tact as places of sepulture and as orna-
ments to the cemetery.

In making such an agreement with ref-
erence to a mausoleum now standing, it is
essential that provision first be made for
putting the building in the best possible
condition before the cemetery is charged
with the care of it.

that department during the year. Tree and
shrub planting, the erection of a ladies’ rest
room and comfort station, the enlarging of
the Elk corral, the construction of a new
driveway due to enlarging the corral, the
construction of a surface bear pit, pavilion
repairs and alterations, and the beginning
of a handsome entrance gateway at the
south-east corner of the Assiniboine park,
constituted the improvenients carried out in
that park during the year. The smaller
parks, public squares and grounds sur-
rounding the city hall, libraries and bath
houses, were all maintained in good order.
Brookside Cemetery has become an im-
portant branch of the administration, and
for the last two years the receipts show a

B

PARK NEWS.

148

PARK AND C EM ETER Y.

surplus over expenditures. Interments dur-
ing the year numbered 1,018. The various
interment sections were all maintained in
good order, the driveways were resurfaced
with gravel, and a driveway opened up
around the new single grave section.
Many cement grave markers were installed
to replace the old system of wooden stakes.
A large number of trees and shrubs were
taken from the nurserj and planted in
clusters to break barren landscapes. Dur-
ing the continuance of the war, and for a
period of three years after the declaration
of peace, it was considered advisable to
permit free interment in the military plot :
the only charge made now in this section
is for the opening and sealing of the
graves. Boulevards on one hundred and
si.xty-one streets, having a frontage of 616,-
000 feet, were maintained at an average of
four cents per front foot, which included
the spraying, pruning, replacing and care
of the trees. New boulevards were con-
structed on portions of Fort, Oxford and
Wilton streets. No new street tree plant-
ing was undertaken, due partly to the lack
of sufficient demand and the difficulty in
obtaining a supply of native trees at a rea-
sonable price. The transfer of the new
exhibition site for care and maintenance
early in the year, enabled the board to take
the first step towards providing a munici-
pal golf course. The grounds have been
surveyed, plans prepared and a full eigh-
teen-hole course of 5,500 yards is in process
of evolution. Following are some, items
taken from the summary of general e.x-
penditures for 1016 ; appropriation : Boule-
vard maintenance, general, $24,822,25; Bou-
levards, construction, $1,753.42; Brookside
Cemetery, maintenance, $11,032; Public
parks, general, $163,083.87 ; Total, $210,-
360.30. Expenditures ; Boulevard mainte-
nance, $24,822.25 ; Boulevard construction,
$1,753.42; Brookside Cemetery, mainte-
nance, $11,032; Public Park, general, $163,-
676.04; total. $207,060.85. Unexpended bal-
ances, $3,209.45.

The park commissioners of Rockford,
111., recently issued their seventh annual re-
port for the year of 1916. Public patronage
of the larger parks and playgrounds from
year to year has increased gratifyingly,
especially Black Hawk and Sinnissippi
parks. The band and vocal concerts in Fair
Grounds, Sinnissippi and Black Hawk parks
this year, proved popular and were well at-
tended. The most important acquisition to
the existing chain of parks was in the con-
ditional taking over from the city council
of what has been known as the city stone
quarrv. This tract of land, comprising 6.07
acres, has been quarried for many years
and a portion of it has been excavated to a
point below' the water level. The water
covers an area of approximately one and
one-half acres and offers a fine beginning
for the solution of the much-needed
swimming pool question of this city. This
pool, which through an overflow chan-
nel, has been lowered to a uniform depth
of three feet, is a spring-fed pool, contain-

ing approximately 1,750,000 gallons of
water, wasting into a low'er quarry to the
north at the rate of 225 gallons per min-
ute, or 135,000 gallons per ten hours. This
shows a daily renewal of a little less than
8 per cent of its entire contents.

Among the improvement work done was
the macadamizing of Arlington avenue, en-
tering Sinnissippi Park from the south-
west, from its junction with the park drive
to the west of the Prospect street intersec-
tion. Several hundred White Pines were
planted in various parts of the park, car-
rying out a definite scheme of landscape
development. The preliminary work is al-
ready under w’ay for a swimming pool be-
tween the river and the cliffs, below' the
Shelter House at Black Hawk Park. This
pool wall be fed automatically by spring
water and discharges automatically into the
river. The contemplated space covers onc-
half acre, with a three-foot level for non-
swimmers, and six-foot depth for swim-
mers. There will also be a wading pool for
the children. Dressing shelter w’ith com-
forts and shower baths will be added on
completion of the pool. The bureau of
state water survey has fully indorsed the
contemplated pool.

The final development of Beattie Park
playground was carried on to completion
in early summer. Follow'ing are some sta-
tistics from the secretary’s report : Re-
ceipts; Balance, Jan. 1, 1916, $318.94; Pro-
ceeds of tax levy, $58,650.30; From loans.
$16,000; Various items credited to Mis-
cellaneous Receipts, E.xpense, and Differ-
ent parks, $2,472,12; Total, $77,441.36.
Disbursements; Vouchers paid, $77,208.16;
Balance, December 31, 1916, $233.20; Total
$77,441.36.

The Metropolitan park commission of
Boston, has issued its twenty-fourth annual
report. The only considerable acquire-
ments of lands made during the past year
have been in completion of the holdings
on the northerly side of Lake Quannapow-
itt in Wakefield, of those in the neighbor-
hood of Hammond Pond in Brookline and
New'ton, and of lands along the shore of

We illustrate on the front cover of this
issue a section of the fencing enclosing the
United States Arsenal at Watertown, Mass.
This is a heavy steel picket fence and was
sold and erected by the Wright Wire Co.
of Worcester, Mass., and made by the

Revere and Winthrop. making the larger
part of those required for the e.xtension
of Winthrop Parkway as a short drive
from its present terminus in Revere to the
southerly' end of Short Beach in Win-
throp. Other smaller but very important
acquirements have been made in the city
of Boston, to enable the Commission to
widen Otter street a- an approach to
Charlies River embankment, and to im-
prove Neponset avenue as an approach to
Neponset bridge, which the commission is
required to rebuild. The most important
new construction work carried on during
the year has been Alewife Brook parkway,
from Massachusetts avenue in Cambridge
to Powder House boulevard in Somerville,
opened to travel November 15; Furnace
Brook parkway in Quincy; from Hancock
street to Quincy Shore drive, opened to
travel November 18; V/eston bridge, be-
tween Weston and Newton, opened to
travel November 24; and North Beacon
street bridge, between Boston and Water-
town, well advanced toward completion.
Less extensive but imp(3rtant work on con-
struction of several pieces of parkway and
other greatly used roads has been done on
Forest and Main street in Middlesex
Fells; on Revere beach and Middlese.x
Fells parkway's ; on the Speedway drive
along Charles River ; and on Lynn Fells
parkway. Following are some statistics
from the financial report: Metropolitan
Parks expense fund — Receipts, December
1, 1915, to December 1, 1916, bathhouses,
$59,888.05; rentals, buildings, street rail-
way locations, etc., $26,670; sales, buildings,
land, wood, etc., $8,515.55 ; court fines, in-
come on money invested, miscellaneous,
$21,092.91 ; balance, December 1, 1915,

$91,652.59; total, $207,819.10. Expenditures
— General expense, $2,545.24. Blue Hills
Reservation, $14,515; Middlesex Fells Res-
ervation, $1,749.16; Revere Beach Reserva-
tion, $34,364.80 ; Nantaskett Beach Reser-
vation, $28,936.32 ; total, $102,600.66 ; bal-
ance, December 1, 1916, $105,218.44; Met-
ropolitan Parks trust fund, balance, De-
cember 1, 1916, $11,397.63.

Stewart Iron Works Co. of Cincinnati, O.
A simple but substantial fence of this char-
acter adds dignity and impressiveness to
any park or cemeterv or public ground and
The Stewart Iron Works Co. will be glad to
estimate on any plans for fencing or design
and prepare plans.

The Obituary Record

Richard H. Thorne of El Paso, Tex.,
owner of Evergreen Cemetery, was almost
instantly killed recently when he fell thirty
feet to the ground from a water tank
understructure at the cemtery. Mr.
Thorne, assisted by four Mexican laborers,
was attempting to lower the tank to the
ground, in order to make some repairs
thereto. He was at the top and the la-
borers below, when the tackle broke, Mr.
Thorne falling and striking the top of his

skull on the ground. Pie suffered a serious
fracture and was knocked unconscious by
the fall. He died at his residence nearby
about an hour later. He was born in Cam-
den, N. J., fifty-eight years ago and was
a graduate of Princeton University. He
moved to El Paso in 1885. In 1894 he
founded Evergreen Cemetery, which he
managed until his death. In 1896 he mar-
ried Frances Spencer Wilkin, w'ho with two
daughters, his mother and one brother,,
survive him.

The Cover Illustration

PARK AND CEMETERY.

149

Going Fast — But No Dust

\ LL day long the avitomobiles go whirling
^ along this drive and there is no dust — the
air is clear and clean, the foliage stays fresh.

This means that the road is rightly con-
structed; that it is strong enough to with-
stand the traffic on its surface.

For clouds of dust following an automobile
mean that the road is "wasting away.”

So also is the money that paid for the road
originally and will soon have to pay for its
reconstruction.

Dusty roads are absolutely unnecessary.
The photograph above illustrates that.

Build and maintain your roads with Tarvia
and instead of being weaker they will be strong-
er than the traffic which passes over them.

Tarvia is a coal-tar preparation which rein-
forces the road surface and makes it water-
proof, dustless and mudless.

Strange co say, it does not add to the cost
to make a road dustless and durable with
Tarvia, because the use of the Tarvia, re-
duces the annual up-keep e.Kpense to such
an extent that it more than pays for the cost
oj the treatment.

Many park and cemetery authorities have
adopted the use of Tarvia on a large scale
simply to reduce their annual road bills.

If you are interested in the road proposition,
write us and we will send you a booklet
showing towns all over the country that have
used Tarvia successfully and economically.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained
engineers and chemists who have given
years of study to modern road prob-
lems.

The advice of these men may be had

for the asking by any one interested.

If you will write to the nearest office
regarding road problems and conditions
in your vicinity, the matter will have
prompt attention.

The

Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt’Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited; Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

Vancouver St. John. N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney, N. S.

Stockton Drive, Lincoln Park, Chicago, III.

Treated with “Tarvia-A" in 1916.

150

PARK AND CEMETERY.

CEHETERY NOTES

Chairman George M. Painter of Phila-
delphia, vice-president; W. H. Atkinson of
Trenton, and Secretary Jones of Pittsburgh,
of the Association of American Cemetery
Superintendents, were in Barre, Vt., the lat-
ter part of June conferring with the Barre
board of trade and Alexander Hanton, su-
perintendent of the Barre City Cemeteries,
on the August convention. Definite arrange-
ments were made for the meetings, and
the program was determined. Messers.
Painter, Jones and Atkinson are loud in
their praises of Barre and her hospitality,
and predict that the Thirty-first Annual
Convention of the Association of Ameri-
can Cemetery Superintendents to be held
in Barre, August 28, 2h, 30 and 31 will be
one of the most successful in the history
of the association.

Following is a letter Oak Grove Ceme-
tery Association of La Crosse, Wis., re-
cently sent to lot holders to interest those
not under perpetual care to provide such
care for their lots. ‘‘We wish to call your
attention to the perpetual care of lots, or
exemption from dues for all time for care
of lots in Oak Grove cemetery. Attention
to the last resting place of man is an ob-
ligation placed upon the living hy ancient
custom, and by all the feelings of common
humanity. As the years go hy families scat-
ter, those closest in relationship pass away,
other interests engage tlie younger genera-
tions until finally no one remains who will
expend the necessary sum yearly to keep
the family lot from falling into a neglected
and unkempt condition. In order that lot
owners and their descendants may have
assurance that their lots will always be
cared for they should set aside a fund for
this purpose. This fund is placed in the
hands of a trustee appointed liy the court,
and the income from this fund is used for
care of lots for all time.”

The trustees of Green-Wood Cemetery,
Brooklyn, N. Y., have presented their an-
nual report of the management and con-
dition of the cemetery for the year Ihlf).
The receipts for the sale of lots were
$153,116.25. One hundred and eighty-five
deposits of trust funds, amounting to $123,-
431.82, were made by lot owners for the
perpetual care of their lots. This was the
largest sum ever received for the purpose
in any year and the total fund now amounts
to $1,871,763.45. The general fund for the
improvement and permanent care of the
cemetery now amounts to $4,421,114.37,
having received an addition during the
year of $166,688.12. The number of burials
during the year was 4,121, making a total
of 376,476. During the year 26,208 super-
ficial feet of new asphalt tile paths were
laid and other improvement work was done
amounting to $7,431.52.

The Forest Lawn Cemetery Association,

Omaha, Neb., has set aside a large section
of ground occupying a commanding and
elevated position at the right of the
main road into the cemetery, and a
comparatively short distance from the
cemetery gate, to be known as the
‘‘Elk's Rest.” In the center is a circle
thirty feet in diameter containing about
seven hundred square feet which will ulti-
mately be the location for a bronze elk
of life size standing on a high granite ped-
estal. The ground thus set apart is valued
at over $500, a gift to the Elks from the
cemetery association. Family lots are laid
out about this circle upon which individual
monuments may be erected by members of
the order who desire lots in this part of
the cemetery.

Fairlawn Cemetery, Oklahoma City,
Okla., are building some new roadways this
spring and write the following : ‘‘Bids
were just received by the directors for
paving about 2,600 feet of driveway with
Portland cement concrete. There will be
4,000 square yards of the paving. The bids
on concrete, including grading, were $1.64,
$1.70 and $1.88. The mix is 1-2-3. Bids on
other types of paving received were, sheet
asphalt per square yard $1.80, asphalt con-
crete per square yard $1.72. The Connel-
ly Construction Co. was the successful bid-
der and the work is to be completed within
days. So far as known, this is the first
cemetery to adopt this type of permanent
construction, and it was adopted as the
most feasible paving in keeping down main-
tenance. The secretary, Mr. Will H. Clark,
2700 North Shartel avenue, will mail copies
of plans and specifications to any associa-
tion interested, on application.”

Following are some interesting statistical
statements taken from the interment record
of the annual report of Cave Hill Ceme-
tery, Louisville, Ky., for the year ending
May 31, 1017 : Interments in private lots
during year, 710; interments in single
graves during year, 293 ; total interments,
50,764; removals from cemetery during
year, 7 ; new ground graded and seeded for
lots, during year, 121,900 sq. ft. ; new
ground graded and seeded for reserves,
during year 7,800 sq. ft. Parts of the stone
coping and steel fence along Transit ave-
nue were repaired and reset. A plot of
4.21 acres of land has been added to the
cemetery, increasing the actual area to 283
acres. This addition will provide space for
about one thousand (1.000) single graves.

During the year the addition to the main
gate waiting room was finished; the Trans-
it avenue gate lodge just about finished; a
brick gardner’s locker and toilet room near
section 8 was built and 1,488.7 square feet
of concrete walk laid to the Transit Ave-
nue entrance, and 135 square feet at the
Broadway waiting room. One hundred

(100) cubic yards of rock have been quar-
ried from section 28 — 728.57 cubic yards of
crushed rock was used in foundations, and
about 330 cubic yards of crushed rock are
now on hand. Twenty eight thousand five
hundred and twenty-one square yards (28,-
521) of roadways have been oiled, and 3,-
389 square yards re-oiled.

Oakland Cemetery Association of Shel-
don, la., recently received from the estate
of Orson Bugbee the bequest of $500 left
by Mr. Bugbee to be used at the discretion
of the board in improving the cemetery.

The name of the Seven Mile Creek Cem-
etery at Lamartine, Wis., was changed re-
cently to the Lamartine Cemetery.

All of the surplus land in the new ad-
dition to Riverside cemetery, Oshkosh,
Wis., which the city offered to donate to
the use of the people for garden purposes
has been taken and alloted to the sev-
eral applicants. There are thirty-five plots
of various sizes now being placed under
cultivation.

New Cemeteries and Improve-
ments

Pencader Cemetery Association, to care
for the Pencader Presbyterian Church
Cemetery, at Glasgow, Del., was incorpor-
ated recently with no capital stock by
Charles B. Evans, Francis A. Cooch and
John P. Cann of Newark, Del.

The Haworth Cemetery Association,
just south of Plymouth, Kans., in Pike
township, was incorporated recently. Fol-
lowing are the directors of the association :
Bert Johnson, W. H. Jacobs, William
Short, Charles Mayes and John Piper.

A new cemetery is being projected in
Tampa, Fla., by Daniel S. Wells, of that
city, who has associated with him Messrs.
Wilson and Benson, of Miami, and a cor-
poration has been formed with a paid-up
capital stock of $120,000, under the name
of the Myrtle Hill Cemetery Company.
Daniel S. Wells is president; T. O. Wilson,
vice-president, and Clifton D. Benson, sec-
retary and treasurer. A site consisting of
180 acres has been procured and work has
already begun on the improvement. One
hundred and three acres are now fenced,
a large tract plowed, and it is expected
that within a short time more than 1,000
trees will be set. Work is also under way
on the entrance gates and every part of the
general plan is being pushed as rapidly as
possible. The plans also include the erect-
ing of a chapel, receiving vaults and a
crematory.

A mausoleum, administration building,
tool house, a fence and many other fea-
tures are the improvements to be made at
St. Joseph cemetery, Evansville, Ind., this
year. The administration building will be
located on the main drive about 300 feet
from the entrance. It will be constructed
of brick and stone and will be roofed with
green glazed tile. The building will have
a ground area of 42 by 53 feet and will be
one story and basement. The mausoleum
will be located west of this building.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

151

Work-a-Day House
At St. Louis Botanical Gardens

They have the same lightness; tlie same
strength ; the same Everlasting Lastingness.

By Work-a-Day, we mean they are just plain
producing houses, devoid of any pretentions to
ornamentalness.

If you want a purely practical producing
house of Everlasting Lastingness, talk it over
with us.

The construction is exactly the same as used in
our regular commercial houses.

SALES OFFICES
Detroit, Book Bldg.
Philadelphia. Widener Bldg.
Cleveland. Swetland Bldg.
Toronto. Royal Bank Bldg.
Montreal, Transportation Bldg.

New York, 42nd St. Bldg.
Chicago, Continental & Com-
mercial Bank Bldg.
Boston. Tremont Bldg.
Rochester, Granite Bldg.

Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories
FACTORIES

Irvington. N. Y. Des Plaines, 111, St. Catharines, Canada

20th Century Cement- Wood Benches

Patented Aug". 26, 1913

Our cement-wood benches are the most practical and artistic benches ever made combining cement and wood.
This is an ideal bench for parks or school grounds as they can be easily taken apart and can be stored by the hun-
dreds in a very small room during the snowy months. All parts are interchangeable. During the dull months the
wood can be painted and in spring the benches are set out like new, all dry and ready for service.

Our bench is far superior for cemeteries. They are not moved around by the public as are the wire ones.

We furnish the Cement Ends only if buyer prefers to furnish his own wood.

Write for prices and further information.

HAASE CONCRETE WORKS - - Forest Park, Illinois

Wood Seats

Reinforced

Cement

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No Rust

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Weight
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152

PARK AND CEMETERY.

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^iittiiiiiintiiiiiiniiiniiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniiiitinniiiitiiiiiinii l■tllllM^llllllllllI■lllll1llllllllll1lllllllnlllllllll1l1lllllltlllllllllllnlllllMlllllllll1nlllllttllllllTtt1lllllMlIlllllllllllltllllllltlllllt1lllttllllnlIlIllll(llll■lllllllllllntllnlllnIlllllltnllltl1lllllllnll■•llllllllttllllllllllllllltlllllllltlllltIlt

“The Best Weathering Stone”

|\ /[R. William B. Mundie, of Chicago, whose reputation
among architects extends throughout the civilized
world, has said that he considers Georgia marble the best
weathering stone he knows.

I Memorial Arch of Silver Grey Georgia Marble, polished and carved. |

Georgia marble is non-absorptive, crystalline, flawless and
impervious to atmospheric conditions. It is the ideal material
for cemetery memorials, also for Coping, Posts, Walls and
Entrances. It adds very materially to the beauty of the property.

I Our monthly magazine ‘'MONUMENTS” will prove j

I of interest to you, and will he sent regularly, with our j

I compliments, on receipt of your name and address. j

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

PARK AND CEMETERY.

153

i!lllllllllllll!lll

King Greenhouses

Keep Summer In the Park the Whole Year Round

On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great
strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are
so warm and sunny that they are filled with a riot of bloom and fruit when
Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience
in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

You should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a
King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how
productive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

KING CONSTRUCTION

COMPANY, 342 King’s Road,

All the Sunlight, All Day Houses

North Tonawanda,

Branch Office

( New York, 1476 Broadway
ScR.tNTON. 307 Irving Ave.

Boston. 113 State St.
Philadelphia. Harrison Bldg.,

Special Notice: — Stedem Chemical Laboratory has no intention or desire
to be in any way mistaken for FATRMOUNT CHEMICAL Laboratory
But

Fairmount Weed Killer

as made for seventeen years at the N. IH. corner
Broad and Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa., can
only be obtained from Stedem Chemical Laboratory.

We want all the old friends of the original Fairmount Weed Killer to
know that it is again obtainable and at a more advantageous price than
any spurious formula or imitation. Prices on application. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Fairmount Weed Killer, Stedem Formula

Stedem Chemical Laboratory

Office, 926 South St. Bernard St. Philadelphia, Pa.

154

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
, plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9^ X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages ; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Tot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — '158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your suhscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our neiv revised catalog containing fidl-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the hooks.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

155

iiii

All Things to All Men

Is the FRIGID Device

To the Artist — it is graceful, pleasingly proportioned, with beauti-
ful committal services.

To the Mechanic — a marvel of inventive genius and mechanical
simplicity.

To the Careful — it is efficient and thereby a pleasure.

To the Careless — it is “Safety First’’ and therefor insurance.

To the Timid — it is reassuring.

To the Aggressive — it is progressive and good advertising.

To You — it is all these things and many mope» —

Ask R. H. Drummond, Supt. Oak Hill, New York, N. Y., and D. A. Winton, Supt.

Maple Park Cemetery, Springfield, Mo.

FRIGID FLUID CO., :: Chicago, Illinois

The Automatic Sealing Concrete Burial Vault

Perfect Steel Molds cast these
vaults. Ask for big catalogue.
It will mean dollars to you.

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.. 24 E. River St., Pera, Ind.

The one Burial Vault that will
always protect its contents
against water and all other
elements forever. No Sunken
Graves, they get better with age.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1,0Q0 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials, Location
of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request.

PARK AND CEMETERY. 536-S. ClarkJR... CHICAGO. ILt. -

Stone Grave Vaults

The McDermott Stone Co.

MCDERMOTT

OHIO

;

156

PARK AND CEMETERY.

DT'

am

Th ere is only one way

to eliminate weeds from paths, drives,
roads, gutters, etc., permanently, effec-
tively and economicallv — that is chemicallv.

Hand-weeding- at its best is
of the horse-car class — costly,
and must be done over and over
again. Besides, labor should be
put to more productive work.

Many of the leading parks
and cemeteries throughout the
country have successfully solved
the weed problem by the use

of Atlas Chemical Weed-Killer.

Atlas comes in concentrated
liquid form, and must be dilut-
ed with 20 parts water. It en-
ters the top of the weed and
burns down to the very root.
The ground round about is
sterilized. One application —
that’s all.

Atlas'jnay be applied this way

Something new —
LAWN SILICATE
— kills weeds in lawns
Write for particidars.

CHI PM AN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING CO., INC.

95 Liberty Street
N ew Y ork

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
ZVz-m. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 71/2 to 12c, 5-in. 10^/2 to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, HI.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their records of

Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive Circular sent on
request. PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO. ILL.

HIS is the
way we grow

your trees.

Do you wonder that
we have such a de-
mand for them ?

European and Cri-
mean Linden,
straight trunked and
high branched, for
Park and Cemetery
planting.

We also carry a full line of
shrubs, evergreens and field
gro-wn herbaceous stock.

SEND FOR NEW
SPRING CATALOGUE

Thomas B.
Meehan Co.

Wholesale Nurserymen

Dresher, Pennsylvania

PARK AND CEMETERY.

157

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

This Road Requires No Sprinkling

It has been treated with SOLVAY, the
modern road-binder — the most satisfac-
tory and feast expensive method of keep-
ing the drives of parks and cemeteries in
good condition — free from ruts, weeds,
dust and glare

Granulated

Calcium Chloride

may be applied by hand, or by horse dis-
tributor. It does not require expert su-
pervision. Ordinary workmen can do the
work. The effects of SOLVAY are lasting.
It is also a weed-killer, a harmless germ-
icide, and does away with the expense of
sprinkling.

Write for the “Solvay Road Book”

SEMET-SOLVAY CO.

400 Milton Avenue, Solvay, N. Y.

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be
mixed better,
quicker, with less
expense. Use a

Jaeger

Mixer

Now made in small sizes. Mounted on trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

158

PARK AND CEMETERY.

W. & T. SmiTH COmPANY

GEINE\/A, IN e lAZ YORK

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
64 YEARS. SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ACRES

Offer ^ complete as-

sortment oi all kinds of
Trees.^ Shrubs, Evergreens, Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

i^lDIXON’S

Silica

Graphite

PAINT

1

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

Made in JERSEY CITY, N, J., BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON GROGIBLE COMPANY

D><x>^ ESTABLISHED 1827 ^><8^

The Fa mous New
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Cotta Color at $2.90 Each

Size t8 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc*

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
South Zanesville, Ohio

TME

There are three things that de-
stroy your lawn: Dandelions,
B uck Plantain and Crab Grass.
In one season the Clipper will
drive thern ail o”t.

Your dealer should have
them — if he has not drop us
aline and we will send cir-
cular and prices.

Clipper Lawn Mower Co.
Dixon, III.

LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS

Four lots to a page; ruled with small squares, ten to an inch, to diagram
the location of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 800 lots $ 7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1200 lots 9.00

400 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1600 lots 12.50

INTERMENT RECORD BOOKS

100 pages, capacity 2300 names $ 7.00

200 pages, capacity, 4600 names 12.00

Ask for catalog of complete line of Interment Record Books, Lot Diagram
Books and Index Books, to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Park and Cemetery 536 South Clark Street Chicago

Gum Rubber Hose

^4 inch, 15c per foot
1 “ 25c “ “

Satisfactory Service Guaranteed

Used by Leading Cemeteries
in New York City and Vicinity

Quality Right Price Low
and price will be greatly
advanced for 1918 Season

E. W. HOLT

Gansevoort Market
New York City

A sk Park and Cemetery for New Catalog
of the Revised Line of Complete Cemetery
Record Books.

PARK AND CEMETERY,

159

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

WANTED— POSITION AS CEMETERY Su-
perintendent; age 30 years; ten years’ ex-
perience; familiar with all branches of the
cemetery business; best of reference. Ad-
dress “Competent,” care of Park and Ceme-
tery.

WANTED — YOUNG MAN ACCUSTOMED
to cemetery drafting and office work; an
easy, permanent position in first-class cem-
etery. Address ‘‘T. O.,” care Park and Cem-
etery, for particulars.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing ,and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for cat.alog
and information. Worsham Training School,
620 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

NORTH SHORE CEMETERY JUST OPEN-
ing north of Chicago. Can use capable,
experienced lot salesmen. Good money paid
to those who can qualify and who are will-
ing to hustle. Address Sales’ Dep’t, Univer-
sity Bldg., Evanston, 111.

A CEMETERY SUPEIilNTENDENT WITH
years of experience is open to an engage-
ment. Thoroughly conversant with every
detail and management of a first-class cem-
etery. An expert Landscape gardener. F’irst-
class references. Address “C,” care Park
and Cemetery, Chicago.

Two Coldwell Lawn
Mowers, in good running
order.

Two Austin Motor Lawn
Mowers, in good running
condition.

Apply Purchasing Dept

National Cash Register Co.

Dayton, Ohio

CEMETERY LOCATIONS

The selection of the proper location is vital to the
success of any cemetery enterprise. Many things that
make a site fit or unfit for cemetery use are not appar-
ent to the layman. Let an expert on locations help
you select your site if you are going to develop a ceme-
tery. Don’t make the mistake of getting the wrong
location. LET US HELP YOU.

GEO. P. GARIN & COMPANY
Room 510 IJ7 N. Dearborn Street

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates

Will keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically

Easily attached and requires no attention. Write
for descriptive circular. Special prices if you
mention this Magazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO.. Boston. Mass.

HEARTLEY’S

MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY’S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
“It Excels Them All.”
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.
GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo, Ohio

SID J. HARE
FELLOW A.S.L.A.

S. H ERBERT HARE
MEMBER A.S.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LAN DSC APE ARCH ITECTS
604 GUMBEL. BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4330

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

FRANK H. NUTTER

'Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.. Minneapolis. Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses. Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names. 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

American-Grown Trees
and Evergreens

You are invited to visit our
Nurseries during July and
August, when the trees and
plants are at their best, and
make your selection for
Fall delivery.

Andorra

Nurseries

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.
“ Suggestione for Effective
Planting" on request

Box 80

Chestnut Hill
Phila., Penna.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

rite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, ILL.

YOU CAN HELP

to make friends for Park and Cemetery
by patronizing its advertisers and by
giving the paper credit for the intro-
duction when corresponding.

WATERWEEDS REM

10

■ ■ M M easily and effectively from any lake,

• ■I 11 pond or river. Write for particulars

If r 1 1 of the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw.

■ LU ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company - Clevelt

Greatest Capacity
For Clean Work

Austin Tandem Roller

Austin Macadam Roller

Austin Macadam Roller

The ability to do most work at least expense is not the only
advantage of the Austin Motor Road Roller in park and cemetery
improvement. There are no cinders or smoke and it is not a
nuisance when in operation.

No teaming of coal and water reduces equipment that litters
the grounds to the minimum and makes the operation of the roller
no more an annoyance than an automobile.

The Austin roller uses either gasoline or kerosene for fuel and
no time or fuel is wasted when the roller is not in operation.

It is not only economical in the work it accomplishes, but per-
forms its work without annoyance or destruction of property.

Austin rollers are built in five three-wheel and four tandem
sizes, providing a size and style for every requirement.

Write jor complete catalog

The Austin -Western Road Machinery Co.

CHICAGO

Branch Offices:

New York City Philadelphia Dallas

Columbu.s, O. Atlanta San Francisco

Los Angeles
St. Paul

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Horticultural School at St. Louis Garden — Park Superintendents’
Convention at St. Louis — • Cemetery Road Building — Lawn Grass
for Kansas — Final Call for Barre Cemetery Convention.

HAZELTON, (PA.), CEMETERY ENTRANCE GATES AND FENCE.
A Design of The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O. See page 178.

162

PARK AND CEMETERY.

PARK A‘N D CEMETERY^

163

m

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ mill Hill

= 3

Cemetery Superintendents!

This is the last call. Don’t fail ! We want you in Barre.

■

■

August 28, 29, 30, 31

■

These are the dates of the annual convention of the

■

—

Association of American Cemetery Superintendents.

Barre, Vermont

1

1 Elaborate preparations have been made for the entertainment

■

■

of all guests at this time. The people of Barre will be terribly

s

disappointed if you do not come and enjoy our hospitality. j

■

The Program

The program is published elsewhere in this issue, although

the entertainment features will largely be kept unrevealed until

■

■

your arrival. We simply guarantee that you will be satisfied.

--

The New England superintendents are enthusiastic about

1

this and they want to entertain the visitors in Boston on the

1

last day of convention. Come along whether you are a

member or not. Write your intentions to

■

■

Barre Entertainment Association,

■

H

I (Organized to make this convention a success) 1

^B

■

1 Alex. Hanton, Directing Chairman (Supt. Barre Cemeteries), Barre, Vt. |

mu iniiutiiiuiiuiiuiiinuiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiauiuuiii

iiillllll

lilB

164

P A RK AND C EM ET ER F.

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

E

NTERPRISE Protective Fence is especially adapted for cemeteries and
because it offers real beauty of design as well as permanent protection.

parks,

Enhances Natural Beauty
of Grounds

On Guard Day and
Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on
duty day and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks,
prowlers, and other undesir-
able persons. Prevents dese-
cration of grounds and un-
warranted intrusions.

Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural- beauty of
your grounds, and set them off in the most
effective way.

Send for Illustrated Catalog

Write today for our catalog. It describes hundreds of styles, quotes prices and explains our
free offer to make a blueprint showing plan and all details of fence needed to protect and beautify
your property. Write to-day for this catalog.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2441 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 Years in AH = Iron and Iron ■= and = Woven = Wire Protective Fencing

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, President H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50: threeyears, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL. XXVII. NO. 6

AUGUST, 1917

EDITORIAL

PRACTICAL FORESTRY SCHOOL.

The new $250,000 building just occu-
pied by the students and faculty of
The New York State College of For-
estry at Syracuse University emphasizes
the practical and successful work ac-
complished by the institution. It is said
to be the most completely equipped and
the largest building given over entirely
to forestry instruction in the United
States.

During the present summer the ex-
tension work of the College of For-
estry will be developed along the line
of woodlot improvement demonstra-
tions. Calls for advice along this line
have become so frequent that trips will
prol^ably be arranged in the fall to
take in a number of woodlots in given
localities. A trained forester from the
college will demonstrate methods of
improving the stand by taking out un-
profitable trees and planting rapid
growing species in large openings, and
in simple methods of estimating the
volume and value of woodlot stands.

During the week of May 21st an ex-
hibit of Landscape Architecture draw-
ings was arranged at the college. The
exhibit was managed by the Landscape
Engineering Department and contained,
besides the work of the students in
landscape engineering, examples of
work from the Department of Land-
scape Architecture at Harvard Uni-
versity and The Roland Park Com-
pany, Baltimore, Md., the Park Depart-
ment of New York City, and a large
number of drawings from landscape
architects throughout the coiuntry in
private practice. A special feature of
the exhibit was a collection of proposed
projects from Clifford E. Howard, the
expert retained by the Syracuse City
Planning Commission. The attendance
at the exhibit showed a growing inter-
est in better landscape work.

Six men from this institution are en-
gaged in national forest work. One of
these is working in a government tree
nursery in Colorado. Another is in
tree disease control work on the Cali-
fornia National Forest. Two of the
boys are serving as forest fire lookouts
in Montana and Arizona, and another
is cruising timber in the Appalachians.
A certain amount of engineering train-
ing is necessary to success in the prac-
tice of forestry, and two students of the

college are putting in their summer in
engineering work. One is with the In-
terstate Commerce Commission, work-
ing on railroad valuation, and another
is in civil engineering work with a gas
company in Pennsylvania. The timber
preservation industry, which has grown
to immense proportions within the last
few years, invariably calls for forestry
students each year, and one of the
Syracuse boys is engaged this summer
at a timber treating plant in Illinois.
The paper industry in northern New
York has taken another student, and
still another is on his way to Canada,
where he will spend the summer on a
forest survey. While the national for-
ests of the country have been the prin-
cipal field for students and for trained
foresters in government work, the In-
dian service also employs a large num-
ber of men to handle the timberland
which is in their care. Two of the
College of Forestry juniors are in Wis-
consin this year assisting in lumbering
operations on an Indian rerservation.

The New York State Ranger School,
maintained by the college at Wanakena,
opened its fifth year this season with
students from six different states of
the Lhiion and from Canada. This
school, located in the heart of the Adi-
rondacks, fills a very definite need in
the forestry field by supplying trained
men for such positions as forest guards,
rangers, estate managers and woods-
men for lumber concerns. In spite of
the alluring openings in other lines of
work, earnest and ambitious young fel-
lows have been attracted to this short
course in forestry given in this school
in the woods. From the very first day
the boys are given an opportunity to
become acquainted with real woods life
and to fit themselves for the strenuous
work ahead.

The college has received requests
from many schools in the state for as-
sistance in the making of Arbor Day a
real forest day. Last spring the college
assisted 22 schools in the state in the
planting of 33,000 trees. The college
asked the schools to purchase from
1,000 to 5,000 trees, which can be se-
cured from the State Conservation
Commission or the college at cost, and
the college will then send a forester to
supervise the planting at no expense
to the school.

That the profession of forestry is

taking its place among the older pro-
fessions in the country is being evi-
denced constantly by work of this char-
acter and by the increasing activities
of foresters in developing great forest
areas in the country.

MUNICIPAL CEMETERIES.

“Editor Park and Cemetery: Can
you tell me the reasons why a city
should not engage in the cemetery busi-
ness. I know that most city cemeteries
are failures, but don't know the rea-
sons.”— J. J.

It is, perhaps, a trifle too strong a
statement to make that most city cem-
eteries are failures. Where politics has
not overreached an efficiency and hon-
esty, many municipally-owned ceme-
teries have been successfully managed.
It is not so much the form of manage-
ment under which a cemetery is oper-
ated that makes for success or failure
as it is the standards of management
that are maintained. There is no reason
why a city cemetery should not be well
managed, except for the same reason
that most city institutions are subject to
politics, and are, therefore, misman-
aged at least occasionally. The dangers
of political management with all the
changes of authority and occasional op-
portunities for graft that occur in all
city enterprises would be very disas-
trous, indeed, to a cemetery where op-
erations, botli physical and financial,
must be carried on over long terms of
years to secure the proper results.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Students of the State Ranger School
at Wanakena, N. Y., have been prepar-
ing volume tables, showing the rate of
growth of trees native in the Adiron-
dacks. Very few people interested in
the woods realize the large amount of
work necessary in preparing reliable
tables for determining the solid con-
tents of standing trees. The students at
the State Ranger School at Wanakena
have just completed two of these studies
for Hemlock and Red Spruce. Nearly
2,300 trees of each species have been
measured separately. These tables,
which show the volume of trees of the
diameters of these particular species,
will be sent out to timber producers,
lumbermen and others in northern New
York, who have to do with the im-
provement of the forest.

166

PARK AND CEMETERY.

I

Horticultural

One of the most comprehensive and
thorough courses of instruction in horti-
culture and landscape gardening in the
country is the one provided at the Mis-
souri Botanical Garden at St. Louis under
the provision of the will of the late Henry
Shaw.

Owing to the unique opportunities at
the Garden, this school ranks high among
similar institutions throughout the world.
Although numerous institutions in this
country give a part of the work necessary

School at St.

The courses in landscape architecture
are arranged to start the student properly
in the study of this profession. The Gar-
den has an excellent collection of the best
books on various phases of the subject,
which are constantly referred to. In the
course in principles of landscape garden-
ing, study is made of the best American
and foreign examples of the art. In land-
scape design the student gets valuable
practice in the design of home grounds,
country estates, parks, and playgrounds.

Louis Garden

The courses are arranged so that all
theoretical instruction is given in the
afternoon. The morning work comprises
practical application. in, the various depart-
ments of the Garden and enables the stu-
dent to come into actual contact with cul-
ture and care of a large and varied collec-
cion of plants. This affords the student •

an opportunity to apply the theoretical ]

knowledge gained to practical details, and \
results in the rare product, who may be j
placed in a responsible position upon grad-

Surveying. Park Desi.gn by Student. Planting Water Lilies.

WOPaC OF STUDENTS IN HORTICULTURAL SCHOOL OP MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

for htting young men and women to be
competent gardeners and superintendents,
few places so admirably combine theoreti-
cal instruction with facilities for practical
experience as the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den.

In 1914 the courses were entirely reor-
ganized and in 1916 were further aug-
mented and strengthened to conform to
the greater requirements of the profes-
sion. It may be roughly divided into four
parts : botany, horticulture, engineering,
and landscape architecture.

The courses in botany deal with the
form, structure, taxonomy, and economic
use of plants. The student is taught to
recognize the lower as well as the higher
forms of plant life under various conditions
and is made acquainted with the history,
culture and uses of the economic plants
producing edible parts, gums, oils, per-
fumes, condiments, medicinal ingredients,
textiles, etc.

The horticultural courses comprise in-
struction in the care of all phases of plant
life, both in the greenhouses and outdoors.
The fundamentals of soils and fertilizers
and their application are given proper at-
tention. The forcing of flowers, veg-
etables, and fruits, for commercial as well
as private purposes, is taken up in detail,
and trips to other greenhouse establish-
ments help to broaden the student's ideas.
Considerable time is devoted to the study
of the treatment of outdoor plants— trees,
shrubs, herbaceous perennials, annuals,
bulbs, tropical and water-loving plants,
consideration being given to the means of
control of various fungous and insect'
pests.

and as much time as possible is devoted to
drafting and rendering, in all courses.
With its numerous and varied gardens, its
excellent collection of plants, and its new
undertakings, the Garden is particularly
well equipped for instruction and practice
in planting design. The course, called here
garden architecture, is intended to famil-
iarize the student with the various styles
and monuments of architecture, as well as
to provide practice in the design of the
minor architectural structures associated
with gardens.

The courses in surveying and construc-
tion give the student thorough practical
knowledge of those branches of those sub-
jects particularly essential to the landscape
architect and gardener. In addition to the
theoretical instruction in surveying, all
students, in their morning work, receive
considerable practical training in making
and plotting topographical surveys, in lev-
eling, staking out new buildings and gar-
dens, and in setting grades and batter
boards. The transit and stadia are most
frequently used in the making of our top-
ographical surveys, with triangulation as
the basis of the operation. In construc-
tion the student keeps in constant to'uch
with the new developments of the Garden
and with various engineering undertakings
in the city. The lectures and designs are
devoted especially to those types of struc-
tures so important to landscape develop-
ments, considerable attention being given
to grading design and earthwork conj.puta-
tions. Greenhouse construction involves
the study of various types and methods of
construction and heating.

nation, with every chance of success.

The officers of administration and in-
struction of the school are :

George Thomas Moore, A. M., Ph. D.,
Director of the Garden, and Engelmann
Professor in the Henry Shaw School of
Botany of Washington University.

Jesse More Greenman, A. M., Ph. D.,
Curator of the Herbarium, and Associate
Professor in the Henrj' Shaw School of
Botany of Washington University.

Edward Angus Burt, A. M., Ph. D.,
Mycologist and Librarian to the Garden, |

and Associate Professor in the Henry J
Shaw School of Botany of Washington ^
University. 1

Harry Milliken Jennison, A. B., A. M.^ I
Assistant in- 'Botany ‘in the Henry Shaw 9
School of Botany of Washington Univer- I

William Woodward Ohlweiler, B. S.^ 9

A. M., General Manager to the Garden; ■

B. S., Connecticut Agricultural College ; m

A. M., Washington University; Missouri I

Botanical Garden, 1907- ; Teaching Eel- I
low, Washington Universit}^ 1912-13. fl

John Noyes, S. B., Landscape Designer- 'I
to the Garden ; S. B., Massachusetts Agri- fl
cultural College ; Instructor in Landscape fl
Gardening, Massachusetts Agricultural fl

College, 1909-11 ; with Warren H. Man- 9
ning, Boston, 1911-14; Missouri Botanical U
Garden, 1914-; I

Alexander Lurie, B. S., Horticulturist H

to the! '’Garden ; B. S., Cornell University; H
charge of ornamentals and greenhouses, H

Greehing Bros. Nurseries, Monroe, Mich., H

1913-14 ;‘'‘'4nstructor in Floriculture, pn-
charge of greenhouses and grounds, Uni- H

PARK AND CEMETERY.

167

INTERESTING TYPES OF PARK CONSTRUCTION IN ST. LOUIS

RT. LOUTS PI.ACE COMBINED COMFORT STATION AND BAND STAND.

Erected last year at a cost of $6,000. The two comfort station galleries are separated by a large store room.
The platform above serves as a hand stand for the public park concerts.

POOL IN BUDER MEMORIAE SQUARE.

This pool supplies healthy recreation to a large' number in a congested district. It is 60 feet square and is divided
into a shallow and a deep section, 18 inches and 36 , inches deep, respectively.

168

PARK AND CEMETERY.

versify of Maine, 1914-16; Missouri Botani-
cal Garden, 1916-.

George Harry Bring, Orchids and other
Exotics : Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
1899-1906 ; Missouri Botanical Garden,
1906-.

The general staff of the Missouri Botan-
ical Garden is composed as follows :

George T. Moore, director; Benjamin
Minge Duggar, physiologist in charge of
graduate laboratory ; Edward A. Burt,
mycologist and librarian ; Hermann von
Schrenk, pathologist; J. C. Th. Uphof,
assistant botanist;; Jesse M. Greenman,
curator of the herbarium ; Katherine H.
Leigh, secretary to the director; James

Gurney, head gardener, emeritus ; William
W. Ohlweiler, general manager ; John
Noyes, landscape designer; Alexander
Lurie, horticulturist ; A. B. McIntyre, out-
door gardens ; J. J. Coughlin, construc-
tion ; P. Foerster, farm and stables ; W. F.
Langan, engineer ; G. H. Bring, conserva-
tories; M. Schiller, floral displays.

Park Superintendents’ St. Louis Convention

The nineteenth annual convention of the
American Association of Park Superin-
tendents is to be held at St, Louis, Sep-
tember 11, 12 and 13, 1917, with headquar-
ters and convention hall at the Planters
Hotel.

On account of the central location of
the city of St. Louis and the fact that that
city has one of the most comprehensive
recreation systems in the country, an ex-
ceptionally large and representative attend-
ance is expected from all sections of the
country.

Each morning of the three days and
one evening will be given over to business
sessions witli the usual array of papers,
addresses, committee reports, discussions,
etc. The afternoons will be assigned for
inspection tours and two evenings will be
devoted to informal social functions.

The following committee is in charge of
convention arrangements : Ernest Strehle,
superintendent St. Louis Park Department ;
L. P. Jensen, superintendent "Busch
Place" ; Emmett P. Griffin, superintendent
East St. Louis (111.) Park Department;
Louis Koenig, city forester of St. Louis,
and W. W. Ohweiller, manager Missouri
Botanical Gardens. St. Louis park au-
thorities have long enjoyed an enviable

reputation for hospitality to visiting mem-
bers, but the convention program indi-
cates that they are going to outdo them-
selves. Following is a brief digest of the
program :

First day, Tuesday, September 11 — 9
a. m.. Executive Committee meeting ; 10
a. m., opening business session ; 1 p. m.,
tour of East St. Louis park system ; 4 p.
m., visit Indian mounds, proposed State
Park ; 6 p. m., luncheon at East St. Louis.

Second day, Wednesday, September 12 —
10 a. m., business session; 1 p. m., trip to
city nurseries. Chain of Rocks, Riverside

Club, North St. Louis parks. Forest Park,
Missouri Botanical Garden ; 7 p. m., an-
nual "Shaw Banquet” for members, lunch-
eon and theater party for the ladies.

Third day, Thursday, September 13 —
lo a. m., business session, election of offi-
cers : 12 :30 p. m., luncheon at Anheuser-
Busch brewery, -“Busch Place”; 1:30 p. m.,
tour of South Side parks and trip to
Grant's Farm, where closing session will
be held in the open air ; 6 :30 p. m., lunch-
eon at the Sunset Inn ; 9 :30 p. m., recep-
tion and dance given by the St. Louis
Park Department Association.

Special entertainment will be provided
for ladies of the party during the busi-
ness sessions of the association.

The officers of the American Associa-
tion of Park Superintendents are:

President, John F. Walsh Jr., Claremont
Park, New York City, N. Y. ; secretary-
treasurer, Roland W. Cotterill, 533 City
Hall, Seattle, Wash.; vice-presidents:
Henry W. Busch, Detroit, Mich.; Herman
W. Merkel, New York, N. Y. ; Ernst
Strehle, superintendent of parks, St.
Louis, Mo. ; Alexander Stuart, Ottawa,
Canada ; Clarence L. Brock, Houston,
Texas; Charles W. Davis, Memphis,
Tenn.

Cemetery Road Building and Maintenance

Address before the Ohio Cemetery Association by S. J.

Perrett, Superintendent Ferncliff Cemetery, Springfield, Ohio.

Next to a study of the service we may-
render to families, when in their sorrows
they come to us, our attention to them and
assistance in the selection of their lot, and
our plans to minimize the harsh features
of the grave, there is no part of our work
that is receiving more of our thought and
attention than that of building and caring
for our roads, and no other part of our
work speaks with greater emphasis, either
for care or neglect.

Good roads is now a national movement.
Road building and paving is not a new
venture but never before in this country
has so much study been given this subject.
We are living in an era of unprecedented
activity toward road improvement, and all
our cities are being linked together by
extensive stretches of smooth macadam.

The Lincoln Highway, Dixie Highway,
and other national and state highways
traverse our state.

May we say that the same agencies
which prompt men to build these splendid

roads are prompting cemetery superinten-
dents and cemetery boards to rebuild and
improve the roads which are under their
care.

The road which served well in the days
of horse-drawn vehicles was not built for
the more severe use of the horseless car-
riage.

Because of inadequately constructed
roads, it was found necessary a very- few
years ago by many cemeteries to exclude
the auto.

But the motor car had come to stay,
and in its advent was recognized its many
uses. It was another long stride in the
march of progress. Cemetery men turned
their attention to the new condition con-
fronting them, they must meet the issue,
and as a result some of the finest roads to
be found anywhere are those which now
wind in graceful curves, through vale and
over hill, bounded by well arranged shrub-
bery and pretty stretches of lawn, by

shady nooks and quiet lakes through our
silent cities.

In the rebuilding of roads and the mak-
ing of new ones cemetery men have pro-
ven themselves resourceful, using to ad-
vantage whatever material lay closest at
hand, and which could be utilized at com-
paratively small expense yet splendidly
adapted to the purpose.

In many of our cemeteries a high grade
of gravel is available, possessing in itself
cementing qualities. This when screened,
using the larger stone for foundation,
forms a good under-drainage and packs
readily. The process may seem slow
when compared with crushed stone and
the steam roller, also requires more fre-
quent repairs than the latter, yet its avail-
ability in many sections makes it very
practical, and when it becomes packed and
is regularly treated with calcium chloride
as demonstrated in some of our cemeter-
ies, possesses virtues not found in many
other roads.

■

PARK AND CEMETERY.

169

Near some of our larger cities and where
the gravel bank is not so convenient, the
most available and least expensive mate-
rial is slag and cinders, which in many
instances may be had for the hauling or
for a very low price per ton.

Cinders make excellent foundation for
roadways, pack readily, and when covered
with a thin coating of finely crushed slag
or stone make a most desirable road. It
dries quickly after snow or rain, is prac-
tically dustless and weedless, is pleasing in
appearance, and does not reflect heat or
light.

Where crushed stone is available and the
expense is not prohibitive roads are being
built which will require but slight repair
for many years. A thing of beauty and
a joy forever.

Happy should be that superintendent
who is building his roads of stone.

The program of this meeting promises
us an address on the subject of tarvia,
from which address I am sure we shall all
profit.

Whatever new idea develops in road con-
struction is of interest to the cemetery su-
perintendent and he gives to it his time
and thought even though he is not in posi-
tion at the time to apply it to his particu-
lar cemetery.

He can supply himself with much free
literature that may be had from the na-
tional and state organizations which are
spending much time and money for the
improvement of our highways, and thus
lay up store that sooner or later he will
find most valuable to him in his work.

In many of our cemeteries it will re-
quire much time and labor and financial
expense to put our roads in the condition
at which we are aiming. In some in-
stances the drainage system may need re-
vising, or a new system installed so that
at no time will our sewers be insufficient
for the rainfall.

We may have to build new catch basins,
and revise our gutters, and do much other
preliminary work along these lines in or-
der to insure best results, because we have
learned in the school of e.xperience that
efficiency means economy.

The Imilding of new roads and the ef-
fort given to this work is of scarcely more
importance than the care which should be
given to such roads as we have, even
though they may not be built according to
the present high standard. Repairing as
soon as washing or raveling is apparent
may save us much work later on. In other
words, the surest and cheapest way to
keep roads in repair is to prevent them
from getting out of repair. This attention
shows much for our work. Our cemeteries
render an appearance of neatness or of
untidiness largely in proportion as our
roads are neat or untidy.

Our lawns may be well cared for, trees
and shrubbery well chosen and well ar-
ranged, general contour and layout of our
grounds attractive, buildings and gateways
of substantial and neat design, grounds
well fenced, tools and equipment com-
plete, all of which have their important
place in our modern cemeteries.

We can see where of equal importance
is the appearance of our avenues. How
to keep them always in proper condition is
a question which often perplexes the
superintendent. Keeping borders well
trimmed, grass and weeds exterminated,
driveways free from soil and litter, these
are among the many problems which we
must work out. We are here reminded of
the adage “an ounce of preventative,” the
application of which will assist us much.

During a rainy season such as we are
now experiencing we find unusual diffi-
culty in keeping down luxuriant growth.
Many varieties and makes of herbicides
are on the market which are effective,
especially if applied before weeds and

grass get well rooted, and the cost is
much less, and results more lasting than
the “man with the hoe.”

We can save ourselves much time by
avoiding papers and litter from being
thrown for the winds to scatter, through
placing receptacles for waste material at
convenient places near the border of sec-
tions. These may be partly concealed by
shrubbery to avoid being too conspicuous.
Teamsters can pick them up and empty
them quickly, and patrons will be inter-
ested in making use of them. Let us, too,
instruct each workman in the importance
of clean driveways, that no dry grass,
concrete, or dirt be dumped upon the road.
Boards for platforms are cheaper than
road material, and time saved in cleaning
up will more than pay for hauling them.

Better than this, however, it seems to
me, are small carts that can be filled with
soil or rakings and hitched behind wagons
or motor to be hauled to the dumping
grounds, thus avoiding the probability of
an unsightly spot on lawn or drive, and
save the time reloading.

These thoughts are a few among the
many that might be touched upon in the
treatment of this subject. Size of sec-
tions and width of driveway under vary-
ing conditions ; drainage ; sod gutters and
concrete gutters ; catch basin construction
and other like questions bearing upon
cemetery roads are subjects in themselves
for more lengthy discussion, and I believe
have received their share of attention at
previous meetings of this association, and
this subject will continue to receive un-
abating attention at succeeding conven-
tions because of the important place it
holds in the manifold lines of work which
confront the cemetery superintendent, and
because of his conviction that the best in
road construction and care is necessary to
the high standard of efficiency which he
desires in every department of his work.

Final Call for Barre Cemetery Convention

Unusually Varied Educational
ment Features; a Unique Conven

Program; Unrivalled Entertain-
tion at Barre, Vt., August 28-31.

The final program for the Barre con-
vention of the Association of American
Cemetery Superintendents printed below
is conclusive evidence that this year’s
meeting at Barre, Vt, August 28, 29, 30
and 31, is going to be as important from a
practical, educational point of view as it
is unique as a scenic and historic vacation
tour.

The program is one of the most com-
plete and varied ever presented to the as-
sociation and contains some features of
unusual character and of the highest im-
portance to cemetery officials. This meet-
ing is going to be the occasion of a life-
time, and every cemetery man owes it to
his profession to be present.

The local committee, of which Alex-
ander Hanton, superintendent of the

Barre City Cemeteries, it chairman, is
making room reservations for a large at-
tendance, but in order to facilitate their
work it will be necessary that any one at-
tending the convention advise them of the
fact, and of the number of persons in the
party, as the hotels are making their res-
ervations through the committee only.
Write Mr. Hanton at once, for accommo-
dations.

Following is an outline of the program
to be given at the business sessions :

The address of welcome will be given

by Governor Horace A. Graham of the
state of Vermont.

Following is a list of addresses and pa-
pers which will be presented ;

“Some Shade Tree Pests,” by Harold
L. Bailey, State of Vermont Department
of Agriculture, in charge of insect sup-
pression.

“The Concrete Fence as Adapted to
Cemeteries,’’ by John F. Peterson, assist-
ant superintendent Mount Auburn Ceme-
tery.

“What Dignified Advertising Is Doing
for the Modern Cemetery,” by A. L. Gale,
advertising authority, Chicago.

“The Relation of the Probate Court to
the Cemetery,” by Frank J. Martin, Judge
of Probate Court.

“Epitaphs,” by S. Hollister Jackson, ex-

170

member of the Vermont Public Service
Commission.

“Uniform Cemetery Laws,” by Walter
Puckett, Pres. Treas. Elmwood Cemetery
Corporation, Birmingham, Ala.

“Application of Landscape Design to
the Cemetery,” by Professor George P.
Burns, head of University of Vermont
Department of Botany. Mr. Burns is
known as one of the greatest botanists in
the United States, and is also an expert
landscape gardener. His address will be
illustrated with lantern slides.

“Location and Formations of New Eng-
land Granites,” by Professor G. H. Per-
kins, Vermont State Geologist.

“The Crematory as an Adjunct to the
Modern Cemetery,” by James Currie, su-
perintendent Forest Home Cemetery, Mil-
waukee, Wis.

“The Pricing of Cemetery Lots,” by W.
N. Rudd, president Mt. Greenwood Ceme-
tery, Chicago.

“Service,” by H. C. Bassinger, super-
intendent Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit,
Michigan.

“Some Choice Trees and Shrubs for
Southern Cemeteries,” by Sid. J. Hare,
landscape architect, Kansas City, Mo.

“The Ideal Cemetery,” by Frederick
Green, Lakeview Cemetery, Cleveland, O.

“Our Cemetery, Ancient and Modern,”

State F 0 r e

The above caption may be considered
in order at this time, inasmuch as we now
have three state forests and can proper-
ly refer to them in the possessive sense.
The movement for their establishment is
one with which members of the associa-
tion are entirely familiar by reason of the
fact that the association, amongst other
organizations interested in the welfare of
the state, has been largely instrumental in
making state forests a reality here in Mas-
sachusetts. A distinction should be made
between the state forests to which this ar-
ticle has reference and such areas as exist-
ing state reservations or parks, for the rea-
son that the former comprise mainly or
entirely waste lands having upon them little
or no tree growth of merchantable value
at the present time. The main purpose, in
fact, of the movement for the establish-
ment of state forests was the reclamation
of a part at least of the hundreds of
thousands of acres of waste or non-pro-
ductive forest land throughout the com-
monwealth.

A realization of the fact that the waste
land question in this state was such as to
require serious consideration by the legis-
lature was evidenced in June of 1914, under
the administration of Governor David 1.
Walsh, when the law creating the present
state forest commission was enacted. Brief-

P ARK AND C EM ET ER F.

by Leonard W. Ross, Mount Hope Ceme-
tery, Boston.

Details of the remarkable entertainment
features are not announced by the com-
mittee because these are to be in the na-
ture of a surprise, but an elaborate and
unique program of entertainment has been
fully prepared that will present the won-
derful scenic resources of Barre and vicin-
ity in a manner that will never be forgot-
ten.

Transportation

Transportation arrangements for the
Barre convention are practically con-
cluded, and efforts are being made to con-
centrate superintendents at various points
for the final ride to Barre. Chicago, Buf-
falo, New York and Boston will be gath-
ering points according to present plans.
In order to facilitate the transportation
services, every superintendent is requested
to communicate with the passenger agent
in his section. The sooner this is done,
the easier it will be to determine just what
Pullman arrangements can be made.

Superintendents west of Chicago should
communicate with J. D. McDonald, assist-
ant general passenger agent. Grand Trunk
R. R., Chicago, 111. This division includes
Missouri, Wisconsin, Minnesota and the
other western and southern states whose

s t s of Mas

By Frank L. Haynes, Engineer

for the Stale Frrest Commission.

ly, the law called for the creation of an
unpaid commission of three members, de-
fined their duties as the acquisition of wild
and waste lands for the commonwealth,
limited the average purchase price per acre
to $0, and made available $10,000 for the
first year and $20,000 for each of the suc-
ceeding four years with which to purchase
lands. The commission, since its inception
two and one-half years ago, has acquired
by purchase for the state approximately
9,0o5 acres of land at a total cost of $31,-
913.69, or an average cost of $3.52 per acre.

The first tract acquired by the commis-
sion is located in Winchendon, Mass., the
well-known toy-town. It occupies the
southwest corner of the township and runs
over to a small extent on the west side
into Royalston and on the south into Tem-
pleton. It comprises about 1,700 acres, and
has been officially designated as the Otter
River State Forest, being so named after
the Otter river which forms a portion of
the eastern boundary of the forest. The
area comprising the above forest consists
to a large extent of cut-over land, and
forms a portion of a section well adapted
to the production of red, white and Scotch
pine or spruce. A few natural stands of
red pine showing good growth are at pres-
ent to be seen in the immediate vicinity.
Since its acquisition in 1915 a small res-

concentration and passing point is natur-
ally Chicago.

Those east of this point and located in
Indiana, Ohio and western New York
should write to Harry Parry, assistant
general passenger agent, N. Y. C. R. R.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

j Superintendents south and west of New
York City, who are not included in the
other parties should write to A. H. Seaver,
assistant general passenger agent, N. Y.,
N. H. & H. R. R., New York City.

Those in New England should write to
Horace A. Derry, Glenwood Cemetery,
Everett, Mass. Superintendent Derry has
been designated by his fellow superintend-
ents to concentrate the New England dele-
gation at Boston for a trip ensemble to
Barre.

''Boston Day"

In view of the presence of cemetery
superintendents from all over the country
at the Barre convention, the New England
superintendents have arranged for a “Bos-
ton Day” to be held September 1.

Every superintendent is urged to go
home through Boston, where a special
trip through the cemeteries is being ar-
ranged for Saturday, September 1. It will
be a trip that none can afford to miss.
Notify Henry S. Adams, Forest Hills
Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Mass., regarding
your intentions.

sachusetts

ervation house included in the purchase has
been put into condition for occupancy, a
nursery has been established, fire lines
made, some brush burning has been done
and several thousand transplants have been
set out. The Otter river forest is readily
accessible by automobile, train and trolley,
being but one and a half miles- from
Bardwinsville, the same distance from
South Royalston, and about four miles
from Winchendon. The average cost per
acre of this forest was $4.70. It is pos-
sible that sufficient additional land may be
purchased so that the lines of this forest
and those of the State Colony for Feeble-
Minded lands in Templeton will join.

The second state forest acquired by the
commission constitutes a tract of approxi-
mately 6,477 acres, inclusive of water areas,
and is situated mainly in the southwest
portion of Plymouth township, the south-
ern boundary being the town line between
Plymouth and Wareham. It is perhaps not
generally known that in the section in
which the above tract is located there is a
belt of land covering thousands of acres
in an almost unbroken stretch, the same
being as level, or slightly rolling, as some
of the prairie sectipns of the west.

The large area was, according to old
residents of Plymouth and Carver, former-
ly covered with stands of large white and

pitch pine ; but through the agency of dis-
astrous and repeated forest fires the entire
section has been reduced to a condition
whereby nothing but small pitch pine and
scrub oak occupy the land at the present
time. The land comes about as near being
absolute waste or non-productive as any
area in the state can be, and it is safe to
assume that not as much as $25 worth of
merchantable timber has been taken from
10,000 acres of this land in the past twen-
ty years. It is about time the state took
a step in the direction of doing something
with this land and other similar areas, for
it is sincerely believed that with proper
management and protection from fire every
acre can in time be made to produce a
tree growth of material value.

The 6,477 acres acquired by the state has
been officially named the Myles Standish
State Forest. Its acquisition by the com-
monwealth was due largely to the efforts
of Mr. Harold Parker, the late and high-
ly respected chairman of the state forest
comrriission. It was Mr. Parker’s desire
to make this state forest one of 10,000
acres. Constructive work done on this tract
since its purchase has consisted of clear-
ing about 20 miles of road, and as many
miles of boundary lines, the purchase of
fire fighting equipment, and a small amount
of planting. The average per acre cost of
the Myles Standish Forest was $2.70.

The third state forest is situated in
North Reading, North Andover and An-
dover, and comprises at present 878 acres
of land at that point where the three town-
ships came together. It is expected that
during the coming year sufficient additional
land will be acquired to make this forest
one of at least 1,000 acres in area.

The commission has in view for pur-
chase during 1917 one tract of land of ap-
proximately 2,000 acres in the northern
Berkshire section of the state. It appears
evident that more land than the commis-
sion has funds to purchase can be secured
in various parts of the state at less than
the average per acre price of $5. Land
owners in general, when interviewed, have
shown a notable interest in the state forest
movement, and in many cases have ex-
pressed the desire to help it along, be-
lieving it to be for the best interests of the
state.

While the main purpose in view in ac-
quiring these state forests is the reclama-
tion of non-productive forest lands, the
fact that they can and will be of value
to the people of the commonwealth in other
ways than solely for timber production is
obvious. The value of the forests to the
people of any state as resorts for recrea-
tion is a very material one, and the pleas-
ingly evident tendency of more and more
people each year in using such leisure time
as their respective positions in life permit
them to have in getting away from thick-
ly-populated centers, and out into nature’s
places is in itself an indication that the
time is perhaps not far off when state for-
ests for recreation purposes alone may be

PARK AND CEMETERY.

considered as much a necessity to the
welfare of the citizens of a state as good
roads, by which they may perhaps be
reached. In fact, the recent action of the
citizens of our neighboring state of New
York in voting the splendid sum of $10,-
O(M),000 with which to purchase additional
forest lands for that state is an indis-
putable indication that the time has already
arrived when state-owned forests are con-
sidered necessary to the people.

For the reason that the land compris-
ing the state forests now being acquired in
Massachusetts is mainly without a suit-
able forest growth, the recreative phase of
the subject is one which cannot be realized
upon to the extent possible for several
years to come. However, it may be pos-
sible to derive a considerable amount of
good along recreation lines from some of
the forests without waiting many years.
For instance, there are within the bound-
aries of the Myles Standish Forest 13
ponds and lakes ranging in size from 10
tp 65 acres in area. These ponds, almost
without exception, have clean, sandy bot-
toms and beaches, are excellent for bathing
and boating, and offer fair fishing. While
it is true that the section wherein they
are located lies in a waste and formerly
burned over belt of country, there is dur-
ing the summer season sufficient foliage to
make the area attractive and quite de-
sirable for camping. It is not unlikely that
the officials in charge of the state forests
may in the future formulate rules and
regulations governing their use, and make
the areas available to those citizens of the
commonwealth who may desire to lease
camp sites.

Another, and perhaps a more strictly
economic phase of the state forest propo-
sition, is the fact that they offer an op-
portunity for the use of prison labor.

ASKED AND

Lawn Grass for Kansas

Editor Asked and Answered ; I should
like to be informed about the culture of
Bermuda grass — whether it should be
sodded by seed or by root and how it
should be handled ; if it is recommended
for lawn purposes in the hot dry soil of
Kansas? — S. C. Kas.

We do not believe Bermuda grass will
succeed in the -.limate of Kansas. Of
course, your subscriber in Kansas knows
better than we whether it will succeed or
not in his district and he must take the
responsibility of success or failure in con-
sequence of cold weather. We will add
that the slightest frost kills it. You refer
to hot weather in Kansas, and we will add
that that will not hurt it.

While it is called Bermuda grass, very
little seed comes from there, because the
capsules which contain the seed burst be-
for they get ripe and scatter it upon the
ground. Most of the seed, however.

171

There is on all of the areas acquired or
to be acquired a large amount of work to
be done, such as brush and slash cleaning,
road and fire line work, planting, etc., that
can be satisfactorily done by using prison
labor, providing the same is made avail-
able for the purpose. The use of such la-
bor would not constitute a new line of pro-
cedure, inasmuch as prison labor has been
similarly used in New York state, and
also here in Massachusetts on the Mount
Wachusett reservation. Also, should the
unfortunate condition of affairs such as
prevailed during 1913, when so many men
were out of work, again be present, it
would be entirely possible and feasible to
place hundreds of men on the state for-
ests doing necessary and useful work.
These state forests also offer an excellent
opportunity for the work of the fish and
game commission. This commission has al-
ready accepted the Myles Standish Forest
as one upon which to carry on the work
with which it is charged.

Now that the state forests have been,
and are being acquired, it is necessary that
the legislature should make available over
a period of years sufficient funds for the
proper management of these lands. It is
obvious that little good is accomplished
in acquiring these forests unless they are
planted and cared for. Assuming that by
the end of 1920 the commission has ac-
quired 20,000 acres, it will cost, figuring on
a minimum basis, between $150,000 and
$175,000 to plant and care for this amount
of Hnd. The bill being introduced this pres-
ent winter in the legislature asking for
$20,000 a year for this purpose, should re-
ceive the serious consideration it deserves
from all who are interested in seeing some-
thing worth while done with our waste
land areas, and this should include all of
the citizens of the state.

ANSWERED

comes from New Zealand, where iit is
grown in large quantities.

In the Cotton States the best success
comes from planting little pieces of sod
12 by 12 inches apart over the surface of
the ground to be sodded. If this 'trans-
plantation be made at the right time, the
roots of the grafts, as they might be called,
take possession of the whole surface in
sixty days. These roots can be obtained
from various parties in Georgia and Flor-
ida, and packed in a barrel will carry for
ten days. Two barrels would probably af-
ford enough roots for one acre of ground.

As for some other grass to suit the cli-
mate of Kansas, we do not see why Ken-
tucky Blue Grass would not serve, or still
better a mixture of several grasses, such
as Landreths’ Lawn Grass Mixture, of
which 70 to 100 pounds should be sown to
the acre, according to the nicety of prepa-
ration of the land. Of course, Kentucky
Blue Grass does best in limestone soil.

Bristol, Pa. D. Landreth Seed Co.

An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department.

172

We should imagine that Bermuda grass
in the hot, dry soil of Kansas ought to
make a very satisfactory lawn. It is usual-
ly sold at the rate of about three to four
pounds per acre and we would always
recommend culture and propagation by
seed rather than by roots. It can be
propagated by roots but this is rather a
slow and unwieldy process. We believe
that seed would be far better than trying
or attempting to increase by the use of
starch.

In the South — Texas and other South-
ern states — it makes a very satisfactory
lawn and is used to a considerable extent;
but in Kentucky and many other states
north of this latitude it is considered un-
desirable except on wet places.

Wood, Stubbs & Co.

Louisville, Ky.

* * *

We handle a comparatively small quan-
tity of Bermuda grass seed. There is
none of it used in this section, and what
we do sell goes to customers living in the
southern states, where it is used for mak-
ing lawns and in such sections as regular
lawn mixtures are unsuited. It is not only
grown from seed, but small pieces of sod
are used in its propagation. One way is to
set these pieces here and there in the
ground, while it is in a muddy condition ;
another way is to drop pieces of sod three
or four feet apart in every second or third
furrow, while the land is being plowed
three or four inches deep. Another plan
is to put the land in good condition by
plowing and harrowing, then scattering
pieces of sod and roll same into the land.

The general method in the South in
using Bermuda grass for lawns is to sow

PARK AND CEMETERY.

the seed early in the spring. This will
make the summer lawn and about October
1st the turf is cut very close and over it
IS sown either English Perennial Rye
Grass Seed or Italian Perennial Rye
Grass Seed, covering same with one-half
to one inch of soil. This makes the win-
ter lawn which dies out in the spring
when the Bermuda grass starts its growth
again.

We are unable to advise if Bermuda
grass would be better than regular lawn
grass seed in Kansas and for this in-
formation we suggest that you advise your
correspondent to write to the Kansas Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station, at Manhat-
tan, Kansas.

Henry A. Dreer, Inc.

Philadelphia, Pa.

How to Clean Marble

The Vermont Marble Company has is-
sued a very handy and useful little pocket-
size memorandum book which contains sev-
eral pages of valuable practical informa-
tion about monumental work that take the
place of the general information usually
found in such books. We quote the fol-
lowing useful hints from the book:

“For nearly all stains, except those re-
sulting from oil, use javelle water. This
is a simple preparation made from chloride
of lime and washing soda. It can be ob-
tained at any drug store. Frequent and
copious applications of this liquid will
usually restore the marble to its natural
condition. It may also be used to good ad-
vantage when dirt has become hardened on
the surface.

“Some few things like iron rust and creo-
sote cannot be erased. Others are con-

quered with difficulty if allowed to stand
for a long time. Therefore, if spots of
any kind are discovered, they should be
removed at once if possible.

“When the stain comes from oil, gaso-
line of good quality should be used. Be
sure the gasoline is of the best grade, other-
wise the result may be disappointing. Sat-
urate cotton waste or blotting paper and
press it firmly down on the marble. Al-
low it to remain for a day or two if neces-
sary, wetting it often with gasoline. The
process may be accelerated by the intro-
duction of sunlight or some form of
artificial heat.

“There is nothing better than javelle wa-
ter for ordinary stains, or than gasoline for
oil spots. When these prove ineffective the
only thing to do is to set the monument out
in the open and trust to the action of the
sun and frost. This will sometimes suc-
ceed when all else fails.

“Every cemetery memorial should be
cleaned with javelle water once or twice
a year, and all the dirt and moss that has
started to collect should be removed, ft
foreign substances are allowed to accumu-
late, they absorb moisture. This tends to
roughen the surface and, in turn, invites
the absorption of more moisture. Keep
the marble smooth and uncoated and this
damage will be averted.

“The monument that has once become
roughened can best be restored by thorough
treatment with pumice stone or fine grit.
It is a practice more or less general to use
as a renovator a weak solution of muriatic
acid. This should never be permitted. The
immediate results may appear to justify the
treatment, but in the end you will find that
the stone has been greatly injured.’’

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions which will be an-
szi’crcd by an attorney without charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Right of C e m e t e

Editor Legal Department, Park and
Cemetery: “We are enclosing a copy of

a deed form used by the Cemetery

Association and copy of our cemetery
booklet. On this deed and the rules in
the booklet can we assess lots that are
not cared for, for the upkeep of the lots,
such as mowing, filling sunken graves,
etc.? We have several lots in the older
section where the owners are wealthy and
thej' do not put in perpetual care, nor
season care, nor any other care, with the
exception possibly of a little before Deco-
ration Day. We would like to know if we
could care for these lots and assess for
the cost. We would also like to know if
we could bar the undertaker from lining
the graves. We have a tent of our own
and our own lining and feel that the ceme-
tery should get the profit for the use of

r y to Control Lot

these. We are thinking some of using our
own lowering device. This we have never
done, but as our sexton has to take his
time to set the lowering device and also
for removing it we feel that we should
own one and take care of it.” — 111.

The form of deed mentioned binds hold-
ers of lot deeds “to comply and conform
to all the by-laws and rules of the said
cemetery association,” and limits the use
of the lots to “proper use as a burial
place for the dead, and for no other pur-
pose.”

The following rules and regulations ap-
pear in the booklet referred to :

“All work such as sodding, grading, cul-
tivating or watering flowers, will in every
instance be done at the expense of the lot
owner. Upon application to the secretary
of the association such special care will

be given to lots as the owner of such lot
or lots may designate in a written order
filed with the secretary of the association,
to whom the fee should be paid. Under
no circumstances is the sexton allowed to
receive pay for any work done in the
cemetery.

“All new and modern cemeteries are
selling their burial lots at a price that
guarantees perpetual care. So many of
the lots in our cemetery have already been
sold that it has been found impossible to
pursue this course in every instance. Many
lot owners, however, have seen the neces-
sity of such perpetual care, and have taken
the necessary steps to create a fund. The
association urges every lot owner to pre-
pare for the care of his lot by making a
contribution to this perpetual care fund.

“The principal of the trust fund for
perpetual care is invested in first mort-
gages on real estate and the income only

is used for the care of lots thus provided.
A deposit of fifty (50) dollars is necessary
to insure the care of lots in the old part
of the cemetery, which are 16 feet square.
In the new addition, for lots over 16 feet
square, a deposit at the rate of twenty-five
(25) cents per square foot is required for
perpetual care.”

I find nothing in the form of deed or
the rules and regulations now in force to
entitle the association to bestow care upon
the lots at the expense of the owners,
without authority from the owners and a
promise to pay therefor. I do not doubt,
however, that the language of the deeds
and rules of the cemetery association
might be so changed as to impose such
liability on subsequent purchasers of lots.

I conclude that liability for the care of
the old lots in this cemetery cannot be
imposed upon the owners, for the reason
that the past practices of the association
are inconsistent with any understanding
that such liability exists. Apparently, it
has been understood, and under the new
rules is still understood that there is no
obligation on the part of a lot owner to
have any care bestowed upon his lot. One
of the rules says :

“Upon application to the secretary of
the association such special care zmll be
gh’en to lots as the ozvner of such lot or
lots may designate in a written order filed
with the secretary of the association, to
whom the fee should be paid.”

In other words, the rules plainly leave
the question as to what “work such as
sodding, grading, cultivating or watering
flowers” shall be done to the desires of
the lot owner.

In my judgment, the situation is gov-
erned by the reasoning of the Springfield,
Mo., Court of Appeals in the case of Mo-
nett Lodge No. 106, I. O. O. F., vs. Hart-
man, 185 Missouri Appeal Report, 148.
That was a case where plaintiff sued to
recover for care bestowed upon a lot in
its cemetery owned by defendant. Decid-
ing against the right to recover, the court
said :

“There is nothing in the recitals of the
certificate or conveyance of this burial lot
making a direct or specific promise or
agreement of the vendee to pay for the
future care of the lot ; in fact, there is
nothing at all said about paying for such
future care. It is the use of the lot ‘for
the purposes of sepulcher’ that is stipu-
lated to be subject to the rules and regu-
lations adopted by the lodge and subject
to amendment thereby. This plainly re-
fers to the right to regulate the manner of
burial, etc., and is confined to matters
connected with the burying of the dead
therein and in no way imposes a personal
obligation to pay for the future care of
the lot or to reimburse the lodge for doing
so. Nor can the reservation of the ‘con-
trol of said lot as part of the cemetery’
be construed to Impose a personal obliga-
tion on the grantee to pay for the future
care of the same. Should one person rent
or sell another a tract of land and re-

PARK AND CEMETERY.

serve the control over it as to its use for
residence purposes, such person could not
himself improve the property with walks
and lawns and dwelling houses and re-
cover from the grantee the cost thereof.
It seems to us that by the most liberal
construction no personal obligation was
imposed on defendant to pay for the future
care of this lot, or rather to reimburse
plaintiff for doing so.”

In the Missouri case, it appeared that
when defendant bought his lot there was
a rule of the plaintiff in force under which
the plaintiff was entitled to $1.50 a year
for caring for a lot, and that for several
years the defendant paid this fee, but he
refused to pay after the fee was raised to
$2, and plaintiff sued to recover for two
years’ care on the increased basis. After
setting forth the facts of the case, the
Court of Appeals said :

“Does any or all of these facts raise a
personal obligation on a lot owner from
which he cannot escape to pay yearly and
perpetually a sum which may be increased
from time to time for the keeping and care
of such lot? We think not. If so, the
obligation would follow the ownership of
the lot and become a personal debt of his
heirs and assigns. It would raise such
personal obligation against a person who,
as an act of generosity or charity, might
be willing to pay the purchase price of a
lot for the burial of a friend or stranger.

“We are not discussing the right of
plaintiff to adopt and enforce the rules it
• has as regulating and controlling the use
and care of the cemetery or enforcing the
forfeiture provisions. That is not before
us. Nor are we discussing any moral
obligation of the defendant to pay for
properly caring for a place of burial of
those related to him.. That obligation
would rest on defendant regardless of the
place of burial. We are now discussing
the legal obligation to pay plaintiff, and
are reminded that enforceable contracts
are not made except by consent of the
parties and no one becomes indebted to
another by contract against his will.

“It may be that the owners of this ceme-
tery might by placing a specific stipulation
to that effect in the certificate or convey-
ance of the lots have imposed on the
grantee accepting the same a personal obli-
gation to pay for the keep of the lots an
amount then fixed or to be fixed and
changed within reasonable limits by proper
authority. The acceptance of a conveyance
of land with an express recital of the obli-
gation of the grantee to pay money or
discharge an obligation makes the grantee
personally liable.”

The later and comparatively recent de-
cision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judi-
cial Court, handed down in the case of
Green vs. Danahy, 111 Northeastern Re-
porter, 675, is not in conflict with the
Missouri decision, although deciding that,
under the facts of the case before the
Massachusetts court, defendant was not
liable for removing a body from plain-

173

tiff's lot, burying it in another lot on
plaintiff's failure to clear and care for the
lot in proper manner.

In the Massachusetts case, it appeared
that defendant was in control of a Roman
Catholic cemetery and issued a lot certifi-
cate to plaintiff in which it was recited
that the right of burial was “subject always
to the following regulations, or such oth-
ers as may be from time to time pre-
scribed in relation to burials in said ceme-
tery.” It also appeared that, while plain-
tiff was making a choice of lots, defendant
told him that plaintiff must assume the
duty of grading and caring for the lot that
he purchased, and if he failed to perform
that duty the defendant would have re-
course to drastic measures which might
go so far as to cause the removal of the
remains that had been interred in it; that
the price of the lot was made very low
because of this burden that was imposed
upon the purchaser. Plaintiff did not ob-
ject to this orally stated condition. The
trial court further found “that the plain-
tiff neither graded nor cared for the lot in
question at any time, but permitted it to
remain in a rough, unimproved condition
and allowed grass, weeds, and brush to
grow wild upon it, so that its appearance
became unsightly, unkeippt and neglected
and not in conformity with the other ad-
joining parts of the cemetery.” He buried
his mother’s remains in the lot, but de-
fendant removed them without plaintiff’s
knowledge or consent after plaintiff had
neglected the lot for several years. In
upholding the action of the trial judge in
dismissing plaintiff's suit to compel de-
fendant to recognize plaintiff’s right to
make burial in the particular lot, the Su-
preme Judicial Court said :

“The right which the plaintiff received
under this certificate was merely a right
of burial. It was merely a license or
privilege of burial, and the terms upon
which it could be exercised were subject
to such reasonable rules and regulations
as the defendant should from time to time
impose. . . . The provision in the certifi-
cate that it is granted subject to the regu-
lations therein contained and ‘such others
as may be from time to time prescribed
in relation to burial in said cemetery’ au-
thorized the imposition of regulations in
addition to those expressly stated in the
certificate, and such regulations properly
might be in writing or orally communi-
cated when the certificate was issued, and
the consideration was paid therefor. . . .
The evidence of the conversation between
the parties when the certificate was issued,
wherein the plaintiff agreed to grade and
care for the lot, was properly admitted.”

Thus it will be seen that in both the
Missouri and the Massachusetts case the
question of liability of the owner to keep
his lot in proper condition was based on
the fact whether or not he assumed that
duty when he bought his lot.

So far as I am able to ascertain, this
precise question has not been passed upon
by the appellate courts of Illinois, but it

174

PARK AND CEMETERY.

seems to me that the Supreme Court of
the state has recognized the fact that it is
discretionary with a lot owner whether he
will devote his private funds to the im-
provement or care of the lot. For in
the case of Bourland vs. Springdale Ceme-
tery Association, 158 Illinois Reports, 458,
that court recognized that the matter of
the care of lots rests broadly within the
judgment of the owners thereof.

That the obligation of a lot owner to
contribute toward the upkeep of his lot is
a matter of personal volition with him is
further indicated by the section of the
Illinois statutes which provides that ceme-
tery trustees shall receive such property as
may be given or bequeathed to them in
trust for the preservation of lots.

And that there is a growing policy of
the law to impose upon cemeteries the
duty of caring for lots is indicated by that
other Illinois statute which reads as fol-
lows :

“The board of directors of such ceme-
tery society or cemetery association, or
the trustees of any public graveyard, may
set apart such portion as they see fit of
the moneys received from the sale of the
lots, in such cemetery or graveyard, which
sums shall be kept separate from all other
assets as an especial trust fund, and they
shall keep the same invested in safe inter-
est or income paying securities, for the
purpose of keeping said cemetery or grave-
yard, and the lots therein, permanently in
good order and repair, and the interest
or income derived from such trust fund
shall be applied only to that purpose, and
shall not be diverted from such use.”

In view of the fact that this law does
not limit the use of the trust fund to the
keeping in good order of lots bought at
the time of or after the establishment of
the fund, but broadly declares that such
fund shall be used for the purpose of
keeping the cemetery “and the lots there-
in” in good order, it strikes me that there
would be very plausible ground for a claim
that a trust fund created under this statute
must be applied to the care of lots sold be-
fore creation of the fund as well as of those
sold afterwards. I do not mean by this
that a distinct part of money received from
a given lot purchaser might not be set
apart to provide a fund to care for that
particular lot, for authority for doing this
is to be found in the first mentioned stat-
ute. But it does seem to me that the
general fund provided for by the other
statute must be held for old lots as well as
for new ones.

In any event, I am of the opinion that
no personal liability or assessment can be
enforced against a lot owner for the ex-
pense of caring for a lot, excepting as
that obligation is assumed at the time of
the purchase of the lot, either by reason
of any existing rule of the association or
by express agreement.

* * *

Coming to the last part of our correspond-
ent’s query, in which he asks whether the

association could -bar undertakers from
lining the graves, and could compel them
to us.e the association's lowering device, I
see no reason why the purchaser of a lot
might not validly agree, at the time of
purchasing his lot, that the association
should furnish the equipment mentioned
and be entitled to a fee for the use of it.
But I do not believe that such require-
ments would be binding on persons hold-
ing lots before the adoption of such re-
quirements— not even when the lot cer-
tificate or deed provides that the holder
shall abide by subsequently adopted rules.
I take this view because I do not believe
that the courts would hold such a regula-
tion to be reasonable, as against existing
lot holders. A lot owner acquires the
right to make interments free from any
unreasonable interference. He is entitled
to choose his own undertaker and to au-
thorize that undertaker to use his own
appliances in making the interment.

Unless I am wrong in my view of the
question, the query resolves itself into the
point whether a cemetery can monopolize
the business of furnishing lining, lower-
ing devices, etc., as a matter of profit,
without any relation to the welfare of the
cemetery at large. The courts hold that
a cemetery can monopolize the control of
lot improvements, for the legitimate pur-
pose of securing uniformity of appearance
of the grounds as a whole. But I fail to
see where any similar reasoning calls for
invasion of the undertaker’s province, as
representative of the lot owner, to use his
own burial equipment. I think the case is
governed by the following language of the
Illinois Court of Appeals, used in the case
of Richey vs. City of Canton, 46 Illinois
Appellate Court Reports, 183, in which it
was held that where there was no restric-
tion on the right of a lot owner to employ
her own grave-digger when she bought
her lot that right could not be taken away
from her by^ an ordinance adopted by de-
fendant city after it acquired ownership of
the burial grounds :

“The power of the city to regulate by-
ordinance the use and manner of the
burial lots by- persons purchasing from the
city after the adoption of such ordinance
does not apply to her lot, except to the
extent that the provisions of the ordinance
are directed to the protection of t':e healthy
comfort, safety and welfare of the public.
The lot is her property, with all the title
and rights of fee simple ownership of
cemetery lots located within the limits of
a city. One of these rights is the privi-
lege of interring therein the bodies of
her dead by her own hand, if she likes, or
by the hand of such sympathetic neigh-
bors or friends as may volunteer their
service, or by whom she may employ for
that purpose. The city may by ordinance
establish such regulations concerning the
manner of digging the grave, its dept, etc.,
and the interment, as are reasonable in
their character and necessary for the pro-
tection of the public health and welfare,

and she or those who make the grave for
her must conform to such regulations.
Her right, however, to make a grave in
her own lot and inter therein the body of
her deceased daughter can not, by ordi-
nance, be made dependent upon the per-
mission of the city sexton, nor can he
claim by virtue of the ordinance exclusive
right to make the grave for her, even for
reasonable compensation. The appellant
was acting at the request of Mrs. Rush,
and as she might lawfully do by another
that which she might lawfully do herself,
he can not be held amenable to an ordi-
nance that was not effective as to her.”

As law editor of Park and Cemetery,
the writer desires to uphold to the full
limit all legal rights of cemetery associa-
tions, and in the instance of every query
submitted for his judgment looks carefully
for legal authority to sustain a favorable
opinion, but feels that it is no less his duty
to present an unfavorable side of a ques-
tion, when called for by statutory and
judicial law, than to present the law on a
point favoring associations.

Public Character of Cemeteries

By exercising statutory authority to
condemn additional lands for cemetery
purposes, a cemetery company assumes an
obligation to afford burial rights at rea-
sonable charges, according to a late deci-
sion of the New Hampshire Supreme
Court, announced in the case of Browne
vs. Park Cemetery, 101 Atlantic Reporter,
34.

«

Proceedings v.'ere instituted under statu-
tory authority for the condemnation of
land for burial purposes to be used by the
Park Cemetery, a corporation organized
under the laws of New Hampshire.
Browne, part of whose property was taken
under the proceedings, objected on the
ground that the condemnation would
amount to a taking of private property for
private use, in violation of constitutional
guaranties. Dismissing the objection, the
Supreme Court said :

“As the plaintiff’s land can under the
statute be taken only for public use, there
is no constitutional objection to the stat-
ute. Whatever title the association may
have to land previously acquired by treaty,
all land it may acquire under this statute
will be affected by the public use.

“ ‘If the right in the old ground is not
public in every sense of the term, it will
not affect the public right in regard to
that part of the ground which is added to
it by this enlargement. The part added
will be public, subject to such regulations
and restrictions as the by-laws of the asso-
ciation may make; and that is enough to
answer the material part of this claim, viz :
its being subject to the objection of tak-
ing private property for private use only.’
Edwards vs. Stonington Cemetery Asso-
ciation, 20 Conn. 466, 479.

“Having invoked the power of eminent
domain for the acquisition of rights in
the lands of others, the defendant can be

PARK AND CEMETERY..

175

compelled, at least to the extent of the
rights so acquired, to afford reasonable
service to the public in the public business
they have imdertaken at reasonable rates."

■P ■

Perpetual Care Funds

By a law_ adopted at the 1917 session of
the Kansas legislature, cities of the second
and third class and corporations owning
and conducting cemeteries are empowered,
on majority vote of the commission or
council of any such city or of the stock-
holders of a cemetery company, to create
an endowment fund for the care of the
cemeteries. (Laws 1917, c. 83.)

The fund may be constituted out of
moneys or funds on hand not otherwise
appropriated, or from contributions for
the purpose, or from the proceeds of lot
sales, or other property belonging to the
cemetery.

“All funds raised by popular subscrip-
tion or profits or surplus set aside for
said endowment fund as provided in this
act shall be invested in state, county or
municipal bonds, and the interest accru-
ing therefrom, from said investment shall
annually be expended for caring for graves,
beautifying and improving said cemetery;

but in no case shall said sinking fund be -
depleted or lessened, and nothing but its
earnings, as they accumulate annually,
shall be expended for any purpose whatso-
ever, except, as specified above, and said
endowment fund’ shall be for the purpose
prescribed in this act and its earnings ex-
pended in the manner prescribed forever."

By the fourth section of the law, it is
provided that where any such fund is cre-
ated, the custodian shall include in his
bond for faithful performance of his duty,
double the amount of said endowment
fund, on hand at the time of his taking
office.

Abandoned Cemeteries in Kansas

I ,

“It shall be the duty of the township
board of any township within the state of
Kansas in which there is situated an aban-
doned cemetery to provide for the care of
such abandoned cemetery and to provide
for the cutting of weeds and grass in such
abandoned cemeteries at least once each
year; provided, that such township shall
not expend an amount in excess of ten
dollars annually in the care and mainte-
nance fihder this act on any one ceme-
tery."— Laws 1917, chapter 84.

I

Kansas Health Regulations As to
Mausoleums

By Kansas Laws, 1917, chapter 85, it is
required that before any mausoleum, .vault,
or burial structure, to be built wholly,- or
partly above the ground, shall be con-
structed a permit shall be obtained from
the State Board of Health on submission
of plans and specifications and satisfac-
tory showing that the structure will be
“absolutely permanent and sanitary.”

Crypts and catacombs must be so con-
structed as to be readily examinable by
any health officer, and must be hermeti-
cally sealed when bodies are placed in them,
to avoid escape of unhealthful or offensive
odors. On complaint of improper sealing,
the sexton of the cemetery may be re-
quired to either place the structure in sani-
tary condition or to reinter the bodies at
tlie expense of the owner of the structure.
If the owner cannot be found in the coun-
ty the reinterment is to Ipe made at the
expense of the township or city in yvhich
the cemetery lies.

Violations of the provisions of the act
are punishable by a fine of not more than
$500 or by imprisonment for not more
than six' months.

Interesting Forms

of Monument -Tombs

WESTERLY GRANITE TOMB IN WEST LAUREL HILL CEMETERY, PHILADELPHIA.

Probably nowhere in the country are
mausoleums and underground tombs in so
many varieties to be seen as in the ceme-
teries of Philadelphia.

There are brick graves with several
crypts, and underground tombs of every
type to be found in Philadelphia and some
of the most elaborate private mausoleums
in the country are to be found in this
city.

We illustrate here two very fine forms

of the monument-tomb, embodying what is
to all appearances a sarcophagus monu-
ment, covering a vault.

The “Ernest Goessler" tomb, an all-pol-
ished sarcophagus form of fine lines,
stands in Westminster Cemetery, and con-
tains six underground crypts. The exte-
rior is of dark Barre granite, as are also
the handsome urns at either side. The in-
terior is polished Riverside Vermont mar-
ble, and the walls are of hard brick, 1-1
thick. The roof and the neck are of rein-

forced concrete and the floor of mosaic.
The dimensions of the sarcophagus part
are: base, 10-0x5-0x1-0; die, 8-6x3-6x2-0.
The centers of the urns are hollowed out
for flowers ; urns are of the following di-
mensions : 2-81^ wide by 2-10% high ;

cover, 2-1 square by 0-5% high. The work
was erected by John M. Gessler’s Sons, and
was cut for them by George Straiten, of
Barre.

The “Shakespeare" tomb, a handsome
sarcophagus of Westerly granite with

176

PARK AND CEMETERY.

SARCOPHAGITS-TOMB, WESTMINSTER CEMETERY, PHILADELPHIA.

heavily carved corners is in West Laurel
Hill Cemetery, and was erected by the Edw.
A. Carroll Co. The exterior is of the
following dimensions: Base, 9-10x4-I0.xl-0 ;

Mount Hi Crow, a lofty eminence on the
east banks of the Missouri from which
VerendjTe, the French explorer, and his
son spied out the land prior to crossing
the Big Muddy en route from the head of
Lake Superior to the Rockies, sixty years
before Lewis and Clark made the same
expedition, has been designated by Presi-
dent Wilson as the site of the Verendrye
national monument. The Frenchman ex-
plored this territory about 1740, using an
ancient bull boat, of the Welch coracle
type, which he found in use here among
the natives, as a means of navigation. The
monument is to be in charge of the na-

Peter Olsen, formerly superintendent
of Oakland Cemetery, Warren, Pa., re-
signed April 1st after twenty years of
service there. He now has charge of the
Conewango Valley Country Club at War-
ren. He has a fine place and enjoys his
new work very much. He writes : “I re-
gret that I will not meet with you at the
next convention at Barre, Vt., as it always
gave me great pleasure to meet with the
boys of old and to learn something of in-
terest. I always took great interest in the
cemetery, but sometimes a change is for
the best.”

Woodland Cemeter}- of Cook county,
Chicago, has increased its capital stock
from $75,000 to $250,000.

The Oak Hill Cemetery Association of
Birmingham, Ala., recently entered a cam-
paign to raise $18,000 to invest for the
permanent upkeep of the cemetery. Mrs.

die, 8-(5x3-6.xl-2. The interior contains
eight crypts and is built with thirteen-inch
brick walls, marble lining and mosaic tile
floor.

tional park service, and there will be in-
cluded in the reservation 250 acres sur-
rounding Mount Hi Crow, which is second
in altitude in North Dakota only to Senti-
nel Butte, far to the south in the Bad
Lands.

Ayres Boal and Lesley J. Boal of Win-
netka. 111., recently filed a quitclaim deed
to the Winnetka park district on lots 1, 11,
15 and 16 in the subdivision made by
Ayres Boal. The only conMderation de-
manded being that the property be used
as a public park and that a drinking foun-
tain be erected in memory of their daugh-
ter, Lesley Boal, who died February 17,
1914.

Northington was elected general chairman
of the committees. According to the con-
tract with the city, as soon as the $.30,000
is invested, the income of which is to go
for the upkeep and beautifying of the
cemetery, the entire control will pass to
the association for perpetuity. Twelve
thousand dollars of this money has al-
ready been raised, and the campaign will
be to obtain the remaining $18,000. Only
the lot owners will be asked to contribute.

Gift of a handsome entrance edifice for
the Tod Homestead Cemetery, Youngs-
town, Ohio, to cost $100,000, was made re-
cently by the nine nieces and nephews of
George Tod. The structure is a memorial
to the late Honorable George Tod and to
the Tod family and the contract has been
let to the Wm. B. McAllister Company of
Cleveland. The proposed entrance build-
ing, designed in the style of mediaeval

public buildings of Italy, is 209 feet long,
the entrance arch having a span of 50 feet
and is about 29 feet high in the center.
The tower is 88 feet high and 21 feet
square. It will be exceedingly simple in
design, and depend for its effect on its
size and proportions, its stone, which will
be Ohio blue limestone, and its deep red
tile roof, for its color and texture effect.
In the masonry walls over the entrance
arch, are sculptured figures representing
Hope and Faith, with a scroll running be-
tween each, bearing the quotation, “Until
the day^ break and the shadows flee away.”
This is the only decoration about the
building, and it is concentrated about the
entrance. At the left of the entrance will
be the chapel, which will be 62 feet by 25
feet, with a seating capacity of 144 people.
At the right of the entrance the adminis-
tration building will be erected. The archi-
tect is J. A. Schweinfurth of Boston.

Organization of the cemetery board of
managers at Kewanee, 111., was effected
recently when H. T. Lay was elected presi-
dent. By provision of the new ordinance
relating to this board, adopted within the
last year, the city clerk, O. D. Peterson,
is secretary of the organization. This board
has general charge of the plans for the
perpetual care of lots in the cemetery.
.'Vny citizen by turning over $100 or any
larger sum in denominations of $100 can
assure perpetual care for any specified lot.
This care will be under the city’s direction.

Three thousand dollars has been appro-
priated by the council of Virginia, Minn.,
for the Greenwood and Calvary Cemetery
Improvement Associations. The Greenwood
appropriation was $2,000 and the Calvary
$1,000.

New Cemeteries and Improve- j

ments (•

Wasatch Lawn Cemetery of Salt Lake
City, Utah, was recently formally opened
and dedicated. The cemetery comprises
62%. acres and about 175 burials have al- j

ready been made. Plans are under way
to erect a chapel on the grounds.

The Ladies’ Cemetery Association of
Quanah, Tex., has been incorporated with
no capital stock. The incorporators are
M. A. Tullis, Mattie Sparks, Mary F. Wall
and others.

Parks and Cemetery Development Com-

PARK NEWS.

CmETERY NOTES

1

PARK AND CEMETERY.

177

a!llll!l||i:illlll[||||llllllllllllll!lllllllllllll!lllllllllllllll!ll!IIIIIH^

Tarvia road leading to Maine Memorial, Arlington Cemetery, Fort Myer, Va.,
Constructed with “Tarvia-X” in 1915.

The Perfect Roads in Arlington

Here is a glimpse of Arlington Cem-
etery in Washington and of one of
its beautiful Tarvia roads at the
“Maine” monument.

portation of heavy monuments. Likewise
it withstands water and will not ravel.
Tarvia, being absolutely waterproof, ex-
cludes frost.

This particular stretch
of road was built in
1915 and the photo-
graph shows how it
looked two years later.

“Tarvia-X,” our
heaviest grade, was
used to bond the mac-
adam, and traffic
consequently cannot
cause the slightest movement or attrition
in the lower courses of the stone. The
contour of the road, therefore, remains
unimpaired, withstanding even the trans-

Preserues Roads
Prevents Dust

Pedestrians use the
road as freely and as
comfortably as the
walks and, indeed,
have no reason to no-
tice the difference.

Pedestrian proces-
sions are facilitated
and are feasible in any
weather. Some cem-

eteries reduce costs by using Tarvia roads instead
of walks and find the combination perfectly
satisfactory.

Many important cemeteries use Tarvia roads al-
most exclusively as a matter of proved economy

Further information on request to nearest office.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained engi-
neers and chemists who have given years
of study to modern road problems.

The advice of these men may be had for

the asking by any one interested.

If you will write to the nearest office regard-
ing road problems and conditions in your vi-
cinity, the matter will have prompt attention.

The

Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

Vancouver St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney, N. S.

178

PARK AND CEMETERY.

We suggest you order now. Clean
up your grounds for the balance of
the season — sterilize the ground
against next year's weeds. We
are prepared to ship immediately.
Prices on request.

How do You kill weeds?

Leading parks and
cemeteries all over
the country have
long since solved the
problem of killing
weeds in roads, gut-
ters, drives, paths,
etc., without paying
excessive labor costs
several times during
the year.

Atlas Chem ical Weed
Killer, diluted with
20 parts water and
sprinkled over the
ground, enters the

top of the weed and
and burns down to
the very root. Weed
dies in a few days —
then no more trouble
for the whole season.
Atlas also sterilizes
the ground round
about, checking re-
growth the following
year.

Atlas may be applied
in a sprinkler, or,
where small areas are
to be cleaned, in a
watering can.

W6€D-KILL£R

Grass and Weed.-K.lllin.g' Chemical

For killing weeds in lawns, use Lawn Silicate

CHIPMAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CO. INC.
95 Liberty Street New York

3i5IE

3IE

The Automatic Sealing Concrete Burial Vault

The one Burial Vault that will
always protect its contents
against water and all other
elements forever. No Sunken
Graves, they get better with age.

Perfect Steel Molds cast these
vaults. Ask for big catalogue.
It will mean dollars to you.

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO., 24 E. River St., Pcra, Ihd.^

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1.000 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials, Location
of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request,.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO. ILL.

pany has been incorporated at Philadel-
phia for $50,000 by Max Schuchardt of
Chicago.

Rose Hill Cemetery Company of
Owensboro, Ky., was recently incorpor-
ated with a capital of $10,000 by R. E.
Massie, G. Cicero Massie and L. N. Burns.

Middlefork Cemetery Company, Middle-
fork, Ind., was recently incorporated. The
directors are Robert J. Unger, Calvin Un-
ger, John Catron, Elwoojl M. Avery,
Thomas A. Catron, Roy N. Connoway,
Elmer C. Dean, Andrew L. Irwin.

A fence of w’oven spring steel four feet
high, strung on reinforced concrete posts
is being erected around the City Cemetery
at New Ulm, IMinn.

The new chapel recently erected at the
Camp Creek Cemetery northeast of Julian,
Neb., has been formally dedicated.

Cloverland Cemetery Association, Clover-
land, Asotin county. Wash., was recently
incorporated by Sam Barkley and J. T.
Manow.

Washington Lawn Cemetery Company
of Centralia, Wash., has been incorporated.
The incorporators are Lulu B. Miller, H.
W. Thompson, T. H. McCleary, Estelle
Davis, C. B. Fowler, Rose Sears, J. J.
Hunt, W. H. Copping and G. C. Ellsbury.

A certificate of incorporation has been
issued to Plainview Cemetery, Mount
Morris, 111. The incorporators are Dr. W.
W. Hanes, F. L. Watts and C. V. Coffman.

There is a movement on foot at Ana-
mosa, Iowa, to extend Riverside Cemetery
south to the bank of the Wapsipinicon
River. The tract of land between the oc-
cupied portion of the cemetery and the
river will be purchased. A landscape
architect has been secured and plans will
be drawn up to change and improve the
driveways and generally improve the land-
scape of the ground.

Plans are being made for improvements
in the Ames. Cemetery, Ames, la., on the
additional land recently purchased. The
new cemetery plot will be divided into 285
lots and will be sold on the perpetual care
basis.

The Cover Illustration

The entrance gates and fence illustrated
on the cover of this issue were designed by
the Stewart Iron Works Co., of Cincinnati,
O., and represent a style of ornamental
iron work very appropriate to either park
or cemetery.

The harmony of the \'arious parts has
been \ ery carefully worked out by the de-
signer, who has studied to secure a digni-
- fied ornamental effect without being over-
ornate or florid in decoration.

The scroll work and structural parts of
the gates are well planned for the max-
, i:;q.um strength and durability without sac-
rificing anything of beauty of line or har-
mony with its landscape environment.

This attractive design can be varied in
many wa3^s to suit' the needs of any size
drive or any entrance layout.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

179

20th Century Cement- Wood Benches

Patented Aug. 26, 1913

Our cement-wood benches are the most practical and artistic benches ever made combining cement and wood.
This is an ideal bench for parks or school grounds as they can be easily taken apart and can be stored by the hun-
dreds in a very small room during the snowy months. All parts are interchangeable. During the dull months the
wood can be painted and in spring the benches are set out like new, all dry and ready for service.

Our bench is far superior for cemeteries. They are not moved around by the public as are the wire ones.

We furnish the Cement Ends only if buyer prefers to furnish his own wood.

Write for prices and further information.

HAASE CONCRETE WORKS - - Forest Park, Illinois

Wood Seats

Reinforced

Cement

Ends

No Rust

Always

Serviceable

Weight
225 Pounds

Several

Capacities

Shipped on
Approval

Very

Comfortable

Owned by the majority of the best managed and most beautifully landscaped cemeteries in the
United States.

Selected for their cemeteries by prominent cemetery superintendents; men nationally known and
who have made history in the wonderful scientific development of cemeteries
So you can judge the FRIGID AUTOMATIC LOWERING DEVICE, not alone by its appearance,
the service it gives you, and the manufacturer that makes it, but also by the cemetery that
owns it and the man who selected it.

WRITE U S— W E’LL TELL YOU WHO OWNS ONE OR MORE

FRIGID FLUID CO

Chicago, 111

1£0

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND

INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things : First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9p2 X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40x80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If yon pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order books, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing full-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

181

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be
mixed better,
quicker, with less
expense. Use a

Jaeger

Mixer

New made in small sizes. Mounted cn trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
dreds with parks and cemeteries.

The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

The Fa mous N^w
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

182

PARK AND CEMETERY.

W. & T. SmiTH COmPANY

GEINE\//\, IN E lA/ Y O R IC

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
64 YEARS SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ACRES

PLEASANT VIEW CEMETERY,

K EWAN EE, ILLS.,

MARCFI 21st, 1917.

Thomas B. Meehan Co., Dresher, Peytna.

Gentlemen: —

I just wayil to te'l you how perfectly satisfied we are with the trees which
we have received from you. Out of the 300 set out, I only lost two and
those died from the effects of the worms. W^e would not think of buying
elsewhere, and shall not as long as we receive such treatment from you.

This is only one of the many letters we constantly
receive from our satisfied customers. Our aim is to
give the very best service, first class stock, carefully
packed. If you do not receive our catalogue regularly
in the early fall and spring, drop us a line and your
name will he placed permanently on our mailing list.

Very truly yours, G. D. 511^.4 /W, Supt.

THOMAS B. MEEHAN CO.

WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN

DRESHER, PA.

Offer ^ complete as-

JJ sortment of all kinds of
Trees., Shrubs, Evergreens, Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
with prices upon request.

Made in JERSEY CITY, N. J.. BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827

LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS

Four lots to a page; ruled with small squares, ten to an inch, to diagram
the location of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 800 lots $ 7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1200 lots 9.00

400 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1600 lots 12.50

INTERMENT RECORD BOOKS

100 pages, capacity 2300 names $ 7.00

200 pages, capacity, 4600 names 12.00

Ask for catalog of complete line of Interment Record Books, Lot Diagram
Books and Index Books, to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Park and Cemetery 536 South Clark Street Chicago

E-CLIPSE-ALL Self Sharpening Lawn Mower Plates
Will Keep Your Lawn Mower Sharp Automatically

Easily attached and requires no attention. Write
for descriptive circular. Special prices if you
mention this Magazine.

CROWN SUPPLY CO., Boston, Mass.

Try Our No. 4 lawn Vase

Terra Cotia Color at $2.90 Each

Size 18 in* wide by 30 in* high
Ask for Catalog of Pots* Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
South Zanesville, Ohio

PARK AND CEMETERY.

183

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

CAPABLE YOUNG MAN THOROUGHLY
experienced in cemetery work desires po-
sition as a cemetery superintendent. Ad-
dress Box 574, care Park and Cemetery, Chi-
cago.

FOR SALE— 800 FE'ET THREE-RAIL IRON
fence. The pickets are 7 feet high 'oy %
inches in diameter, three inches apart. It
is in sections of about 7 feet; curved sec-
tions for one entrance. This fence was rer
moved to make room for a concrete wall and
is in good condition. F'or particulars write
to Elmwood Cemetery Society, Kansas City,
Mo.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing' and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. Worsham Training School,
620 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

A CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT WITH
years of experience is open to an engage-
ment. Thoroughly conversant with every
detail and management of a first-class cem-
etery. An expert landscape gardener. First-
class references. Address “C,” care Park
and Cemetery, Chicago.

CEMETERY SALES EXPERTS

specializing in cemetery organization
advertising and selling campaigns, will

organize and manage lot selling
campaigns, outline and plan or-
ganization and business man-
agement for new cemeteries, and
organize stock companies.

If there is an opportunity for a new
cemetery in your locality let us help
you with it.

GEORGE P. GARIN & CO.

R. SIO, 117 No. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Oholcest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.
Roms, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Esei^reens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shail gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurcerymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

A MERIC A N-GROWN
T rees and Evergreens

You are invited to visit our
Nurseries during July and
August, when the trees and
plants are at their best, and
make your selection for
Fall delivery.

Andorra

Nurseries

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

“Suggestions for Effective Box 150

Planting” on request. Chestnut Hill

Phila, Penna.

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. M EMBER A 8. L. A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCH ITECTS
604 GUMBEU BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4336

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.. Minneapolis. Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engagpd in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY, OHIO

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

H^rite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Erergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America

Box 405

DUNDEE. UX.

HEARTLEY’S

MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY’S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
**It Excels Them All.'*
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.

GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo* Ohio

Stone Grave Vaults

The McDermott Stone Co.

MCDERMOTT

OHIO

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their
records of Buriais, Location of Graves,
etc.

Ask tor new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of all
forms used in Interment Record Books,
Lot Diagram Books and Index Books,
to fit the needs (pf any cemetery.

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. CHICAGO

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MARKERS

^Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 6S0 432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
Klast like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10. and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
ns 1/2 -in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 7V2 to 12c, 5-in. 101/2 to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
I in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park. 111.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase. Pasadena, Cal.

WATERWEEDS REMOVED

easily and effectively from any lake,
pond or river. Write for particulars
of the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw.

ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

Aitractive Entrance to '•Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

Cleveland^ Ohio

mTT

1^

|j£p

Austin Road Rollers
Smooth the Way

The Austin Motor Road Roller Smooths the Way — Not only physi-
cally but literally. On every job, big or little, it means economy;
convenience and maximum uninterrupted service during operation
and permanent satisfaction in its wake.

It can be operated by gasoline, kerosene or distillates. A small-
sized tank will hold several weeks’ supply.

It will do anything and everything the very best type of steam
roller will do — more easily, more efficiently, more economically and less ob-
jectionably.

It Eliminates

Smoke, Steam, Sparks or Soot blowing about.

Coal and Water Supply and Transportation.

Expense of Men and Teams for Coal and Water Haulage.

Loss of Time Raising Steam and Washing Boilers.

Expensive Attendance, Risk of Explosion, Laying Up for Boiler Repairs.

Send for Catalog D — Also “The Road-Builder’s Guide,” a manual of
information on complete Grading, Rock-Crushing and Road-Surfac-
ing Equipment.

Austin -Western Road Machinery Company

CHICAGO - NEW YORK

Austin Motor I^awn Mower

Austin Tundt-iii Koller

Motor Road Rollers

Motor Tandem Rollers
Road Scarifiers

Road Oilers

Road Graders

Wheelers, Scrapers and Plows
Elevating Graders

Sprinkler Wagons

Sprinkler Sweepers

Rock Crushers

. ^tone Screens and Elevators
Portable Stone Bins

Stone Spreaders

Dump Wagons

Everything in Rock-Crushing, Earth-Handling
and Road-Building Machinery

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

The Concrete Fence for the Cemetery —

Report of Barre Convention of Cemetery
Superintendents — The St. Louis Convention
of Park Superintendents — Uniform Cemetery Laws.

IRON FENCE SURROUNDING LOWELL (MASS.) CEMETERY
Made by The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O.

Sold and Erected by the Wright Wire Co.. Worcester, Mass.

See Page 202

PARK AND CEMETERY

1 86

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SMOOTH, CLEAN ROADS

The beauty and refinement of landscape treatment are preserved
and enhanced by Smooth, Clean Roads and Close Cropped, Bright
Green Sweeps of Lawn. Road Making and Maintenance and
Preservation of Greens are matters of Good Machinery.

Motor Road Rollers
Motor Tandem Rollers
Road Scarifiers
Road Oilers
Road Graders
Sprinkler Wagons
Sprinkler Sweepers
Power Lawn Mowers

Austin Motor Lawn Mower

Austin Tandem Roller

236 Types and Sizes of Road-Making Machinery — the largest line of im-
proved ecpiipment in the world. Send for catalog's and the Road-Builder’s
Guide to a Complete Grading, Rock-Crushing and Road-Surfacing Equipment.

Austin- Western Road Machinery Company

New York
Los Angeles
Lincoln, Neb.

BRANCH OFFICES:

St. Paul
Salt Lake City
San Francisco

Columbus, Ohio
Portland, Ore.
Philadelphia

Chicago

Dallas

Atlanta

Memphis

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King Greenhouses

\ Keep Summer In the Park the Whole Year Round ,

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% On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great ( y-

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\ strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are fvGi

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% Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

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% The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience r

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\ in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

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\ _ You should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a

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% King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

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\ Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how

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% productive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

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\ KING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, 342 King's Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y.

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All the Sunlight, All Day Houses ■

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m RpAMrH nc-cTr'tr- ( New York. 1476 Broadway Boston. 113 State St.

m wrrn,ii. (Scranton, 307 Irving Ave. Philadelphia. Harrison Bldg., 15th and Marltet Sts.

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Impressive and Distinctive

^ LORGIA MARBLE makes a good “first impression. ’
It looks attractive. Georgia Marble work stands out
from work executed in other materials — its very appearance
lends it distinction.

Georgia Marble work endures, because of the density of its structure and the
close interlocking of its crystals — it is non-porous and non-absorptive. In its
composition, it is free from harmful ingredients or discoloring agents.

A Memorial Fountain executed in Cherokee Georgia Marble.

Owing to its beauty, strength and durability, Georgia Marble is peculiarly
adapted to memorial work, coping, posts and cemetery seats, walls, entrances
and chapels.

Our illustrated booklet '‘Yesterday, Today and Forever''
contains something of interest to every cemetery superin-
tendent. May we send you a copy with our compliments?

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

i88

PARK AND CEMETERY

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

Enterprise Protective Fence is especially adapted for cemeteries and parks
because it offers real beauty of design as well as permanent protection.

Enhances Natural Beauty
of Grounds

On Guard Day and
Night

An Enterprise Fence is an effective barrier on
duty day and night. Keeps out tramps, sneaks,
prowlers, and other undesir-
able persons. Prevents dese-
cration of grounds and un-
warranted intrusions.

Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
of new and attractive styles. This gives you
the opportunity of selecting a fence which
will harmonize with the natural beauty of
your grounds, and set them off in the most
effective way.

Send for Illustrated Catalog

Write today for our catalog. It describes hundreds of styles, quotes prices and explains our
free offer to make a blueprint showing plan and all details of fence needed to protect and beautify
your property. Write to-day for this catalog.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2445 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 Years in AH ‘Iron and Iron = and = Woven ‘ Wire Protective Fencing

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, President H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50; three years, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL. XXVII. NO. 7

EDITORIAL

UNIFORM CEMETERY LAWS

Too much emphasis cannot be given
the importance of the subject of uni-
form cemetery laws discussed by Air.
Puckett at the Barre convention of
cemetery superintendents. Many new
cemetery companies are being organized
as business ventures, by men who have
had no experience in cemetery develop-
ment or management. There is urgent
need for expert assistance in this work
and for laws in every state that shall
insure certain minimum requirements
of good management and development
of grounds. Just to emphasize the need
for legal standards governing the oper-
ation of cemeteries, we quote a few
sentences from letters that have recent-
ly come to Park and Cemetery from
widely separated sections of the
country :

“Our firm is about to market a large
cemetery in this city and we would
thank you to furnish us information
concerning any firms you know of who
specialize in the organization of selling
campaigns or who are prepared to han-
dle the marketing of such a project.”

“I should greatly appreciate such in-
formation as you may be able to obtain
from new cemeteries regarding their
methods of disposing of their stock.”

“We have just organized our ceme-
tery on the park plan, and it is a stock
company, organized for profit, capital
stock $300,000. Can you give us the
names of some other cemeteries that
operate on the profit plan, and tell us
the approximate price per square foot
for which their land is sold?”

“Have you any information at hand
as to the average prices, per square
foot of lots in rural cemeteries, where
perpetual care is furnished in cities of
50,000 ?”

“Can you recommend some person
whom you know to be reliable and
capable to put on a lot sales campaign,
selling in advance of need, and to assist
in organization?”

“Our city has recently purchased a
new cemetery site, and they have re-
quested me to try and obtain for them
a set of by-laws and regulations as are
• required in the larger and modern
cemeteries.”

Each of these inquiries is from a dif-
ferent city, and each of them shows the
need for expert guidance and the lack

of knowledge of cemeterj’ affairs. The
amateur in the cemetery business has
little conception of the task that con-
fronts him, and usually conceives his
problem to be chiefly a matter of fixing
the price of ground per square foot,
and selling the largest number of lots
in the shortest space of time. The
fundamental principles of cemetery de-
velopment should not only be furnished
to new cemetery companies, but it
should be required by law that these
principles be observed. The .\ssociation
of American Cemetery Superintendents
should use every means in its power to
secure the framing and passage of uni-
form cemetery laws in every state.

FORESTERS IN THE ARMY

The formation of a second “Forest”
regiment comprising ten battalions and
composed of lumbermen and woods-
workers, who will go to France and
get out of the forests materials for the
use of the American, French and Brit-
ish armies, has been authorized by the
War Department. Two battalions are
to be raised at once with the active aid
of the Forest Service of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. It is expected
that the remaining eight battalions will
be called for in a short time. Nine
“service” battalions, made up of labor-
ers who will be used in connection with
the Forest regiment, have also been
authorized and two battalions have been
ordered raised at once.

In order to provide for future con-
tingencies it has been decided to com-
mission at the present time enough offi-
cers for other battalions yet to be
raised.

A considerable number of captains
and lieutenants is to be selected in the
immediate future. The minimum age
limit for commissioned officers has been
set at 31.

A first regiment of woodsmen num-
bering about 1,200 men and designated
as the Tenth Engineers (Forest) has
already been recruited and assembled
and is now being trained. This regi-
ment was raised at the request of the
British government to undertake the
production in France of crossties,
bridge, trench, and construction timbers,
mine props, lumber and other forms of
wood required in connection with its
military operations. The landing of the

SEPTEMBER, 1917

American expeditionary forces has
made necessary similar provision for
their needs, while the French military
authorities have indicated that some of
the work incidental to their operations
might be taken over by woodsmen from
this country. Decision to raise the new
and much larger force has followed a
study of the field of possible usefulness
to the Allied cause, made by American
foresters attached to General Pershing's
staff.

FOREST FIRES

With the most serious fire situation
in a number of years threatening mil-
lions of feet of western timber, it has
been necessary for the Forest Service
to suspend some of its operations in
order to concentrate all available forces
in fighting the forest fires. Reports re-
ceived from the Northwest indicate
that the situation is more dangerous
than at any time this year. In Montana
and northern Idaho two thousand men
are fighting the flames under the direc-
ton of the Forest rangers. In these two
States alone approximately $170,000 has
already been spent this season, and that
figure is increasing by approximately
$15,000 a day.

In Oregon and Washington valuable
timber intended to furnish airplane
stock for the fighting forces of the
United States and its allies is being
threatened by the flames. Logging op-
erations are so badly interfered with
that several large mills now supplying
the Government with this class of ma-
terial may be forced to discontinue op-
erations. Numerous fires are reported
as the result of incendiarism.

The forests have been so dry that
any fire which occurs is apt to become
a dangerous conflagration, while high
winds make it difficult to control even
the smallest blaze. With such condi-
tions, it is pointed out, there is need
to keep all persons out of the woods.
In order to accomplish this the Gov-
ernor of Oregon has postponed the
opening of the hunting season in that
State.

In spite of the unusually dangerous
season, it is stated that until last week
there has been a comparatively small
loss of timber on the National Forests,
private owners having suffered most of
the damage done. *

190

P A RK AND CEMETERY

1

The Concrete Fence for Cemet t r it

Address at Barre Conzention of A. A. C. S. by John F. Pe-

terson,

As implied from the word, fences were
originally not intended for the purpose of
confining something in an enclosure, but
rather to defend or protect an enclosure
from intrusion by human enemies or wild
beasts, and this still appears to be the view
taken by the English Law.

Writing in 1898 or before Arthur Ver-
non in his book on "Fences” says “Build-
ing in concrete was much advocated a few
years ago, but has rapidly disappeared
from public favor. The result in appear-
ance for fence walls is eminently unsatis-
factory and it is only under special cir-
cumstances and in special locations that
there is a large saving over cost of brick-
work. The only conditions that would jus-
tify the employment of concrete would be
the possession of suitable materials on the
spot, and a large quantity of similar work
to be done, in which the same casting or
forms could be employed. Lhider these
favorable circumstances, the cost of con-
crete fence walling has been found to be
about half that of brick.”

I make this quotation because I think it
reflects the general opinion of concrete
fences up to the present time, and it also
brings out the important point, if one is
contemplating construction of any kind,
and that is possession of materials and uni-
form design, so that the same forms can
be used repeatedly. Though not in line
v/ith the subject of this paper, I cannot
help but reflect how aptly Timothy Mc-
Carthy applied these laws when he con-
structed his famous Boulder wall.

Each kind of fence has its individual
characteristics and appropriateness adapt-
ing it to some special locality, and it will
be found that in the choice, exact propor-
tion and nature ofr'special fences, consid-
erable judgment and care will be necessary
in order to secure the best and most eco-
nomical results. After the design is de-
cided upon, the main object in dhe erection
of all walling, should be to secure maxi-
mum stability consistent with the least ex-
penditure of material, and provide against
climatic effects of heat, cold and humidity.
Heat invariably causes movement and frost
and moisture are the active agents in the
disintegration of all outside structures.
The ordinary laws of concrete construction
apply here. Materials must be selected
with care — clean water, clean sand, clean
stone, good cement, all thoroughly mixed
to the proper consistency, well rammed in
place into forms that are rigid in their
position. No concrete should be poured
when the temperature is below 36 degrees
Fahrenheit, or liable to be within forty-
ei,ght hours.

The conventional design of concrete
fences 'consists mainly of posts with panels
between, and often solid panels are re-

Asst. Supt. Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridc

placed with open steel fence anchored to
the posts.

Plans and preparations for building the
concrete fence at Mt. Auburn Cemetery
were made during the winter of 1915-16.
The wooden fence which the present

FIG. V: POrUING'A SLAB FORM;
BUCKET RETURNING TO MIXER.

concrete one has displaced, was held to-
gether from year to year, only anticipating
its displacing, when a proper design and
the question of whether or no a concrete
fence could be made that would look fit-
ting and proper. The design here was
made by Supt. James C. Scorgie, the trus-
tees calling in (as consulting engineer)
Prof. Lewis J. Johnson pi Harvard Uni-
versity who passed on the necessary
amount of reinforcement.

Due to conditions existing at the start-
ing point, we experienced some trouble in
getting forms firmly in position. How-
ever, as work progressed, practically all the,
outside bracing was eliminated and forms
were bolted together with V2" bolts.

The sequence of the work follows :

First foundations and retaining walls

FIG. IV; DUMPING CONCRETE
FOR POST FORMS.

Mass.

were built holding reinforcement for the
posts. Then about six posts were cast in
position. After removing post forms, the
panel forms and reinforcement were set in
place and panels poured.

For the foundations and retaining walls,
a 1-3-6 mixture was made, a 1-2-4 mix-
ture being made for the posts and slabs.
Throughout care was taken not to get too
wet a mixture in order to avoid settlement
of stones. The result was a dense concrete,,
embedding the steel so that none was visi-
ble when forms were removed. The marks
of the slab forms were cleverly concealed
in the panel design as shown in the pic-
tures.

Figure 1. was the starting point of the
fence, and where we encountered our
greatest difficulty, due to newness of the
work and the fact that the outside build-
ing interfered with proper bracing of the
forms ; also in the first few panels cast, a
derrick was used for hoisting the concrete,
which was a slow and unsatisfactory
method. At this point also, there was a
difference in grade of about 3 feet between
the inside and outside of the fence, so this
required a fair sized retaining wall.

Figure H. gives an idea as to the condi-
tion of the unfinished grade as we left it in
proceeding with the concrete work. Here,
as in all the corners, the three posts and
two panels shown on the right of the pic-
ture, were all cast at one time and were
rigidly tied together by the reinforcement.
Concrete fences previously built in the
vicinity of Boston, separated at corners
such as this one, after their first winter, so
special care was taken here to prevent a
similar occurrence.

Figure III. shows method of holding
panel forms in place and also the whole of
the reinforcement in the slab. There are
12 bolts. 18” long running through the
six pieces of 4" x 4" spruce which are hori-
zontal, and at the' extreme outside of the
forms on either side, they reach over about
8" onto the adjacent jfdsts and prevent
movement in any direction.

Figure IV. Here the men are shown
just dumping a bucket of concrete which is
then shovelled into the post forms. This
also illustrates the method of getting the
concrete from the mixer to the forms. .At
either end of the wire cable, about 200'
long, is a telegraph pole standing 28' out
of ground and buried about seven feet, -
being properly stayed. At either pole
which happens to be the most convenient, . j
is set up a double drum hoist, operated by 'i
an eight horse power gas engine, borrowed !
from our power sprayer. This plant was .■]
found to be very efficient under the condi- -J
tions, as we were decidedly limited in space
over the greater part of the line of the I
fence, due to close proximity of graves.

PARK A N D

CEMETERY

191

I

FIG. I: STARTING THE FENCE; THREE FEET DIFFERENCE'
IN GRADE BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF FENCE.

FIG. II: CORNER SECTION FINISHED; THREE CORNER
POSTS AND TWO PANELS CAST N 0^ E PIECE.

i£

FIG. Ill: METHOD OF HOLDING PANEL FORMS IN PLACE.

FIG. VI: Pl'TTING PANEL FORMS INTO PLACE.

FIG. VII: OUTSIDE PANEL FORMS IN PLACE, SHOWING FIG. Vlll: LO.ADING SIDE OF MIXER, SHOWING

REINFORCEMENT FOR THE SLAB. MATERIALS THAT CO INTO THE CONCRETE'.

FIG. XI: TYPICAL SECTION OF THE COMPLETED FENCE.

FIG. X: OLD WOODEN FENCE THAT WAS REMOVED.

192

P A RK AND CEMETERY

Figure V. The men are here shown
pouring a slab form and the ljucket is on
its way back to the mixer. Note also the
posts cast ahead and in one of the posts
where the form has just been removed, is
seen imbedded in the concrete, the piece of
spruce, making the recess which received
the slab.

Figure VF The panel forms are here
being put in place. The tripod shown was
essential for the panel forms, but in case
of the post forms, they were readily set in
place by hand. The trolley system was
used to carry the forms along as well as
for the concrete.

Figure VIL The outside panel forms in
place, and also the reinforcement for the
slab, which is here very plainly shown.
The Clinton wire cloth is being wired to
the vertical %" twisted steel rods.

Figure VIIL The loading side of the
concrete mixer showing all the materials
that go into the concrete. This is a cube
ndxer, using a one bag mix at each load-
ing of the hopper, and discharging directly
into the buckets. The concrete that the
machine turns out is thoroughly mixed,
every bit of sand and stone being covered
with cement. The consistency of the mix
is absolutely under control, and the ma-
chine is capable of turning out 65 batches
in a working day of 9 hours.

Figure IX. The method of casting the
corners has been previously mentioned and

this shows the reinforcement in place,
ready to put up the two inside panel forms
before pouring.

Figure X. The old wooden fence with
its many braces, and trees and shrubs
which concealed it from view. To facili-
tate the work and also that we might start
with a “clean slate" it was necessary to re-
move practically all of the trees and shrubs
along the fence line.

Figure XI. Shows a section of the com-
pleted fence where the absence of trees
and shrubs is very noticeable, but where
also there is now a great opportunity for
us to make such plantings as will make a
good background for this part of the ceme-
tery.

Figure XII. Is another view of prac-
tically the same conditions. Contemplating
upon the method of planting here, I am in-
terested in Wm. H. Butterfield's remarks
on English fences. He says “An important
use of fences and walls more appreciated
in Europe than here, is support for vines,
fruit trees and crawling plants. In Eng-
land, it is quite necessary to ripen some
fruits such as peaches, against walls. The
additional sunshine and heat radiated from
the wall, are responsible for the complete
ripening of the fruit in a cool damp cli-
mate.” The final touch to any wall lies in
the planting that surrounds it, and I think
for this reason, the construction of the
concrete fence has just begun. Plantings
once made, can stay. There is no need of

painting, no replacing of rotted cedar
posts required. All is as permanent as
man can make it and especially con-
sistent in connection with cemeteries where
we seek the most permanent structures.

Eigure XIII. The irregularity of the
Ime of the fence presented problems at dif-
ferent points, in fact a study of the grades
is absolutely necessary in- this design, be-
cause of the limit in rise at each panel of
only 6" — this and the proper alignment of
the fence necessitating the presence of an
engineer all the time. At the left where
the fence is apparently at its lowest eleva-
tion, it was necessary to build retaining
walls 5 and 7 feet high. This means that
at this point, the total height of one of the
posts and its foundation is 17' to 18'. The
grade here will later have to be raised, re-
sulting of course in a marked improvement
over previous conditions.

Eigure XIV. A good design of concrete
wall as shown in Mr. Butterfield’s Book.
The possible fault here is the small orna-
ments. Eor the present at least, I believe
experience has shown that the simpler and
plainer we can do concrete work, the more
satisfactory will be the final results.

Figure XV. (Not illustrated.) This is
a map of the cemetery and the heavy line
at the right is the concrete wall. Except
for a small distance at the south end cor-
ner, this line represents that part of the
boundary which is not bounded by a street.
That part that borders directly on the

FIG. XII; SECTION OF' FENCE, TO BE PLANTED. FIG. XIII: SHOWING IRREGULAR GRADE OF FENCE.

PARK AND CEMETERY

193

main streets already has an open fence,
except at the southwest corner where it is
proposed to construct an open fence in the
immediate future. The design may be
similar to the one just built except that an
open panel will substitute the solid one.

Figure XVI. Is a drawing supplement-
ing the specifications and showing all the
reinforcement of the design. The design
it must be understood has three distinct
units — the Foundations and Retaining
Walls, the Posts and the Panels. The
foundations, retaining walls and posts can
be built as far ahead as one may desire as
the panel is entirely free from the rest of
the concrete.

The cost of such work will vary greatly
in different localities and according to local
conditions. In our case, nearly all the
crushed stone and all the sand was bought
in the open market. If we were fortunate
enough to possess a ledge and a sand pit,
it would have reduced the cost consider-
ably.

An analysis of the costs follow :

COST PER YARD,

Total $12.62

Exclusive of retaining walls 14.40

Retaining walls ; 6.41

COST PER LINEAL FOOT.

Entire fence $ 7.52

Reinforcement 1.4.3

PERCENTAGE TO THE WHOLE.

Labor 36% 7o

Material 38%%

Trucks and teams 4%%

Reinforcement 20% %:

Up to the present time, there has been
constructed a total of 2,526 lineal feet of
fence — 1,944 feet in 1916 and the remainder
this last spring.

The cost basis was figured out on last
year’s work, but will be a very fair aver-
age, from the fact that although steel and
labor have advanced, our previous experi-
ence counted in pushing the job along.

Five years from now, I hope to live to
see this wall covered with English ivy,
Ampelopsis, Wisteria, Rambler Roses, here
and there a flowering crabapple tree or
Japanese Cherry, flowering shrubs low and
high, and occasionally a good sized speci-
men tree to break the skyline.

I venture to predict that we shall forget
that the concrete is there and that part of
the cemetery wall which may be visible, I
believe to be of such color that it will
mingle with the whole, and the idea of a
fence will be altogether lost in the land-
scape.

SPECIFICATIONS OP THE PROPOSED

FENCE.

February 2(5, 1916.

To replace the present wooden fence now in
placed as shown by blue lines on the map of the
cemetery attached hereto:

Sizes:

The main slab is to be 12’ 0" in the clear, be-
tween posts, and to extend three inches into the
grooves in the post, making a total length of
12' 6". They are to be 5' 5" high, and six
inches thick. The posts are to be set 13' 8"
apart, centre to centre. 'They are to extend

5' 6" into the ground, and 10' 5" out of the
ground, cast monolithic, and the underground por-
tion to be 1' 8"x4' 6" in section; the portion
above ground to he 1' 8"xl' 8" in section. 'The
two grooves which receive the slab are to be
trapezoidal in section and three inches deep,
extending to the top of the siab. Corner posts
are to be cast monolithic with the two adjacent
slabs and posts, and differ in the method of

reinforcement only as shown in drawing. Be-
tween the foundations of the posts, retaining walls
with minimum dimensions of 8" thick and 18"
deep, shall he built to take care of the differ-
ence in grade between inside and outside of

the fence.

Excavation and Regrading:

Excavation for the underground portion of the
posts is to he made the exact size given. All

loam is to he stored in a suitable place outside
the cemeter.v, and the gravel and other surplus
material is to be evenl.v spread on the Bird Lot,
on Sawin St. On removing the ■ forms, the
ground around the posts, and on both sides of
the slab, the whole length of the fence, is to be
thoroughly tamped, .and as far as disturbed by
the work, is to be brought to an even grade; on
the outside with material of the same kind as
that removed, and on the inside with loam.
Molding Forms;

The forms for all the work above ground are
to he of 3".x4" spruce timber, framed and prop-
erly braced, faced with sheet steel 1-10" thick.
The forms for the posts are to be fastened together
with %" holts; and for the slabs, to prevent
flexure, the two sides are to be bound together
with wires, which after the forms are removed,
are to be neatly cut and left within the con-
crete. Excei)t the grooves in the posts to re-
ceive the slabs, all the corners are to be rounded
smoothly. The forms are not to be removed until
48 hours after pouring and the work is to he kept
covered and wet for a week thereafter.

Materials:

'The foundations for the posts and also the
retaining walls, are to be made in proportions

of one part Portland cement, three parts sand,
six parts 2" broken stone. The posts are to be
made of concrete, in the proportion of one part
Portland cement, two parts of clean sharp sand
and four parts of 1 %" broken stone. The slabs

are to be made of concrete in the proportion of one
part Portland cement, two parts clean sharp sand,
and four parts of 1" broken stone. 'The cement
is to be -itlas, Lehigh or any one of the stand-
ard brands, satisfactory to the superintendent.
All the concrete is to be machine made, wet

mixed, properly tamped on top and spaded on the
sides, in layers not over 12" thick.

Expansion Joints;

To provide for expansion, the grooves in the
main posts and the top of the retaining walls
under the slabs are to be covered with two
coats of Toch’s “R. I. W.” Bridge cement, or

other waterproofing pitch, of standard make, ap-
proved by the Superintendent.

Reinforcement :

The slabs are to be reinforced by %" steel bars,
placed horizontally, 1%" from the bottom of the
slab, and bars at intervals of two feet, placed
one inch from either face, extending vertically
the entire height of the sl,ab: netting made of
No. 5 and No. 9 wire, 3".xl6'' mesh, to be attached
to the vertical rods and extend the full width
and height of the panel; the No. 5 wire to be
horizontal, and 3" apart. 'The posts are to be
reinforced with six bars each, placed vertically, as
shown in the drawing, extending to the bottom of
the foundation, and the full height of the posts;
and to be stayed 'horizontally with %" sqimre
stays placed ns shown in the drawing. All bars
are to be of Ransome Twisted Steel, and the wire
reinforcement for the slab to be Clinton Elec-
trically welded wire. In no case shall reinforce-
ment be nearer than %" from any face of the
concrete. The foundation for the posts to be
reinforced by %" steel bark and Clinton wire
cloth, as per drawing.

Finish:

■As soon as the forms are removed, if holes are
found of more than %" in any one dimension, the
work is to be re-cast. Ail small holes are to be
at once filled with mortar, made of one part
cement, and two parts sharp sand. On the side,
outside the cemeter,y, the face is to be roughl.v
scrubbed with wire brushes, in some degree to
remove the joint lines. On the inside, or cemetery
side, the largest pieces of sheet steel obtainable,
and not less than four feet wide, are to be
used, so that the number of joints may be reduced.

and before the concrete is thoroughly dry, to
remove all appearance of joints, the panels and
posts are to be plastered and washed with a mix-
ture composed of one part cement to two parts
of sand, the concrete being thoroughly sprinkled
with water before the mixture is applied. The
completed work shall have a rough finish.

Rules :

The rules and b.v-laws of Mount Auburn Ceme-
tery are to be strictly observed in carrying out
the work. No burial lot is to be trespassed
upon, and, on the completion of the work, all
debris is to be removed and the surface of the
ground left in gooil and sightly condition — as
provided for under Excavation. Protection against
accidents is to be taken by placing red lights at
night, and whenever openings are left, a watch-
man is to he kejit at the work, during all the
time the workmen are absent.

New Dwarf Hedge Plant

The great need of a hardy dwarf edge
and hedge plant, one which will thrive
where border-box is not successful, has
been felt for a long time and especially so
now when the formal garden border and
the low hedge effects are so popular with
many garden schemes. Attempts to keep
down to the required size for low formal
effects, various privets, euonymus, barberry,
etc., have been only partially satisfactory,
owing largely to the peculiar limitations of
the plants themselves.

This new Box Barberry, just introduced
by the Elm City Nursery Co., of New
Haven, Conn., is a very dwarf, compact,
erect form of the popular Japan Barberry
and will thrive wherever that barberry is
at home, which is over an extended terri-
tory. It can be kept but a few inches high
indefinitely by pruning. It makes an ideal
dwarf hedge, and can be trimmed into
formal specimens. The original plant, now
fifteen years old, is about 2% ft. tall, very
compact, assuming the general outline so
characteristic of an old border-box speci-
men which it resembles to a remarkable
degree, other than the evergreen nature of
the box.

This new dwarf barberry, which is to be
known as Box Barberry, has a delightful
soft summer green foliage, turning in the
fall to intensely brilliant reds and yellows,
with an abundance of red fruits which re-
main on all winter. It has many uses not
only for rich summer green effects, but
autumn color effects.

The original plant made its appearance
among a quantity of Japan Barberr}' seed-
lings. It was not, however, until after
several years of careful watching that its
merits were appreciated and its broad use-
fulness realized. It is of easiest propaga-
tion, coming freely from either hard or
soft wood cuttings.

■ It can profitably be Sold at a price com-
paring. favorably with border box, which
is essential from a commercial standpoint.
The originators -anticipate placing this Box
Barberry before the general public in the
sprirTg of 1919, but have a sufficient stock of
strong two year old, field grown plants now
ready, to warrant offering it to the trade
this fall. This will give everybody in the
trade an opportunity to become we'l
stocked up with plants of their own propa-
gation two years from now.

194

PARK AND CEMETERY

Park Superintendents in Annual Meeting

The American Association of Park Su-
perintendents held a busy and enthusiastic
annual meeting at St. Louis, August 11,
12 and 13. The meeting was devoted
largely to outdoor study and field work,
and much practical benefit to the members
resulted.

Director of Public Welfare Schmoll
welcomed the delegates at the opening
session, which was devoted to routine
exequtive business. The afternoon was
spent in a visit to the East St. Louis
parks.

The members were guests on the trip
of the East St. Louis Park Board, Emmet
P. Griffin, superintendent of parks at East
St. Louis, and pioneer memlier of the na-
tional association, acted as host. The del-
gates were taken to East St. Louis over
the Eree Bridge in automobiles.

The visitors were shown the boulevard
system of East St. Louis, Jones Park, the
sunken garden, public playgrounds and
Monk’s mound. The day was concluded
with a banquet at the St. Clair Country
Club. Maurice V. Joyce was toastmaster
and the address of welcome was by Ed-
mund Goedde, president of the board, and

the response by John F. Walsh, president
of the association. Other speakers were :
Henry W. Busch, Detroit, Mich.; Harry
S. Richards, Chicago, and Bruce A. Camp-
bell of East St. Louis.

At the second morning session Nelson
A. Cunliff, park commissioner of St.
Louis, addressed the delegates. “Tree
Planting in New York” was a lecture
given by Prof. Laurie P. Cox of Syracuse
Lffiiversity and Horace M. Albright, assist-
ant director of National Park Service,
Washington, D. C., spoke on “National
Parks.”

Theodore Wirth of Minneapolis, pre-
sented an address on “Bird Protection in
the Minneapolis parks, which is printed in
full in this issue.

The afternoon was devoted to a tour
of North Side parks and in the evening
the members attended the annual Shaw
banquet at the Mercantile Club, given by
the Missouri Botanical Society. The wo-
men visitors were entertained during the
morning with an automobile tour and in
the afternoon visited the Welle-Boetller
bakery and Grant’s farm. At 7 :30 p. m.
a dinner in their honor was given at the
Bevo Mill.

At the evening session at the Mercantile
Club Dr. George T. Moore, director of
the Missouri Botanical Garden, acted as
tastmaster and the following responded
with brief speeches : E. A. Miller, New
York; J. F. Foster, Chicago; John F.
Walsh of New York, president of the
association ; C. L. Brock of Houston ; John
McLaren of San Francisco; Theo. Wirth
of Minneapolis, and Nelson Cunliff, com-
missioner of parks and recreation, St.
Louis.

The visitors were entertained the next
evening at the Municipal Theater in For-
est Park with a performance of the play-
ground pantomime, “Rip Van Winkle,”
produced by 876 children of the play-
grounds.

Electrical effects were added to the
scenic splendors that were revealed at the
daylight performance given some time be-
fore and several special dances that were
not suited to daylight. The new dances
incuded the “fireflies,” the “moonbeams”
and the “storm gnomes.” Miss Alice Cady
danced in solo.

There were 9,000 free seats for the pub-
lic at the performance.

Bird Protection in the Minneapolis Parks

Address Before the St. Louis Convention of Park Superinten-
dents, by Theodore Wirth, Superintendent of Parks, Minneapolis.

Most of our park possessions offer in
themselves ideal conditions for bird life,
and it is more or less simply a matter of
protecting the birds against their enemies,
of which the wilful boy and thoughtless or
careless hunter are no small factor. Out
park ordinances not only forbid the fir-
ing of firearms on park properties, but
even the carrying of them. This ordi-
nance we strictly enforce, and same is now
so well known and understood that we
have comparatively little trouble along
these lines.

We have a long, severe winter, during
which we maintain a number of feeding
stations in all parts of the park system.
We have also built and placed a large
number of nesting boxes or bird houses,
which are well populated.

We protect our useful birds in every
possible way, and the local Audubon So-
ciety is doing excellent work through its
unceasing campaign in interesting and edu-
cating young and old people of our city
in the care and protection of useful birds.

A good many varieties of birds which
were rarely seen around here a few years
ago are now found in large numbers, and
many birds which formerly left in the fall
now stay with us over winter.

The following is a list of the birds to
be found in our city and vicinity;

Horned Grebe. Black Tern.

Herring Gull. Canada Goose.

Bittern.

Least Bittern.

Great Blue Heron.
King Rail.

Virginia Rail.

Sora.

Florida Gallinule.
Coot.

Wilson’s Snipe.

Least Sandpiper.
Spotted Sandpiper.
Killdeer.

Bob-white.

Ruffed Grouse.
Mourning Dove.
Marsh Hawk.
Red-tailed Hawk.
Pigeon Hawk.

Barred Owl.

Screech Owl.

Yellow - billed Cuc-
koo.

Black-billed Cuckoo.
Belted Kingfisher.
Hairy Woodpecker.
Downy Woodpecker.
Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker.

Red - headed Wood-
pecker.

Red - bellied Wood-
pecker.

Northern Flicker.

Whip-poor-will.

Nighthawk.

Chimney Swift.
Ruby- throated
Hummingbird.
King Bird.

Crested Flycatcher.

I Phoebe.

O 1 i V e-s 1 d e d Fly-
catcher.

Wood Pewee.

Least Flycatcher.
Prairie Horned
Lark.

Blue Jay.

Crow.

Bobolink.

Cowbird.

Y e 1 1 o w-h e a d e d
Blackbird.

Red-winged Black-
bird.

Meadowlark.

Orchard Oriole.
Baltimore Oriole.
Rusty Blackbird.
Brewer’s Blackbird.
Bronzed Grackle.
Evening Grosbeak.
Purple Finch.
Redpoll.

Goldfinch.

Pine Siskin.

Vesper Sparrow.
Grasshopper S p a r-
row.

Lark Sparrow.
Harris’ Sparrow.
White-c r o w n e d
Sparrow.

White-t h r o a t e d
Sparrow.

Tree Sparrow.
Chipping Sparrow.
Clay-colored Spar-
row.

Slate-colored Junco.

I Song Sparrow.
Lincoln’s Sparrow.
Swamp sparrow.

Fox Sparrow.
Towhee.

Rose-breasted Gros-
beak.

Indigo Bunting.
Dickcissel.

Scarlet Tanager.
Purple Martin.

Barn Swallow.

Tree Swallow.

Bank Swallow.
Rough -winged
Swallow.

Bohemian Wax-
wing.

Cedar Waxwing.
Northern Shrike.
Migrant Shrike.
Red-eyed Vireo.
Philadelphia Vireo.
Warbling Vireo.
Yellow-throated Vi-
reo.

Blue-headed Vireo.
Black and White
Warbler.

Nashville Warbler.

O r a n g e-crowned
Warbler.

Tennessee Warbler.
Northern P a r u 1 a
Warbler.

Yellow Warbler.
Myrtle Warbler.
Magnolia Warbler.

Chestnut - sided
Warbler.

Bay-breasted Warb-
ler.

Black-poll Warbler.

Blackburnian Warb-
ler.

Pine Warbler.

Palm Warbler.

Oven-bird.

Grinnell’s Water-
Thrush.

Maryland Yellow-
throat.

Wilson’s Warbler.

Canada Warbler.

Redstart.

Catbird.

Brown Thrasher.

House Wren.

Short-billed Marsh
Wren.

Long-billed Marsh
Wren.

Brown Creeper.

White-breasted Nut-
hatch.

R e d-breasted Nut-
hatch.

Chickadee.

G o 1 d e n-crowned
Kinglet.

Ruby - crowned
Kinglet.

Wood Thrush.

Willow Thrush. Vee-
ry.

Gray-cheeked

Thrush.

Olive-backed

Thrush.

Hermit Thrush.

Robin.

Bluebird.

PARK AND CEMETERY

195

Uniform Cemetery Laws

Address by Walter Puckett, President, Elmzvood Cemetery Corporation,

Birmingham, Ala., at Barre Convention of Cemetery Superintendents

My principal reason for selecting this
subject is the total lack in the majority of
states of any statutory laws whatever re-
garding commercial cemeteries. The av-
erage business man is always anxious to
respect the legal and moral rights of
those with whom he has dealings, and my
observation and personal experience indi-
cate that the average person engaged in
the operation of a commercial cemetery is
particularly careful with reference to re-
specting the rights of those owning lots
or having relatives buried in the cemetery.
In addition to the motives which inspire
the desire in the ordinary man to respect
the rights of his customers, there are two
other motives which the operator of a
commercial cemetery must constantly keep
in mind, either of which is amply sufficient
to cause a man of proper prudence to be
■ever on the alert in his efforts to avoid
disregarding any of the rights of his cus-
tomers. The first is found in the fact that
■one of the best assets of a commercial
cemetery is a belief in the minds of the
public that those in charge will not only
■conduct it in a fair and proper manner
while those purchasing lots therein are
living and able to assert their rights and
protect themselves, but will continue to
conduct the same long after the pros-
pective purchasers have purchased their lot
and have been called to permanently oc-
cupy the same. This alone is a sufficient
reason to cause any operator of a com-
mercial cemetery to exercise particular cau-
tion in and about the rights of others.
There is. however, another reason which
Is, in a large measure, mercenary. This
reason is found in the fact that juries
usually have a very delicate feeling re-
garding the bodies of the dead, and are
ever ready to award the relatives of those
whose bodies are buried in cemeteries
heavy damage where such bodies are dis-
turbed, unless the one disturbing the same
can prove himself entirely innocent. It
can readily be seen, therefore, that it is
very desirable that the operators of a
commercial cemetery know their rights.

I have been informed by my attorneys that
the courts of last resort have rendered
comparatively few decisions regarding
such rights. In order to emphasize this in-
formation, one of my attorneys referred
me to practically the only case in the state
of Alabama in which such rights have been
considered to any extent whatever, and
suggested that I read two paragraphs
therein. These paragraphs so aptly illus-
trate this attorney’s statement that I have
concluded to quote them. They are as
follows :

“Exactly what the rights of one are to
the burial place of his dead — in the ab-
sence of a fee to the soil, or his right to
the possession thereof — as respects the

maintenance of a civil action for its dis-
turbance, is one of delicate and, as yet,
not very satisfactory solution. People
have so much respect for the final resting-
place of the dead, and there is so little to
tempt one to disturb their repose, cases
are of rare occurrence where such disturb-
ances have become the subject of litiga-
tion and the adjudication of the courts.
Those that have arisen have generally, as
in this case, grown out of the removal
of the dead from one place to another, for
purposes, as claimed, of health, conven-
ience, or the better care, preservation and
ornamentation of these burial places.

“Cooley, in his work on Torts, says: ‘In
respect to the burial of the dead, if any-
where, shall we find in the common law
a recognition of the legal rights of the
family as an aggregate of persons. Even
in that case, however, the recognition is
very faint and uncertain. An unlawful
interference with the buried dead of a
family might probably be restrained by
injunction on their joint application, and
the owner of the lot in which the body
was deposited might maintain trespass
quare clausum fregit for its distinterment,
and recover substantial damages, in award-
ing which the injury to the feelings would
be taken into consideration’ ; and he adds,
‘that the common law did not recognize the
bodies of the dead as property, belonging
to the surviving relations, ‘though it did
lecognize a property in the shroud or other
apparel of the dead as belonging to the
person having charge of the funeral.’ ”

It will readily occur to all present the
need of statutes describing with certainty
when and under what circumstances bod-
ies can be distinterred and the particular
person to whom notice of such distinter-
ment shall be given, the nature of such
notice, the rights of persons burying their
dead in lots for which they have not paid,
the rights of the operators of cemeteries
to make reasonable rules from time to time
and enforce the same against all lot own-
ers and the duties of such operators with
reference to prohibiting persons not au-
thorized to bury a body on certain lots
from making interments thereon. The
laws of Alabama provide that where a
mortgage is foreclosed the maker of the
mortgage can redeem the land on certain
terms at any time within two years there-
after. It is doubtful, so I am advised,
whether or not a man owning a lot in a
cemetery can execute a valid mortgage
thereon. Nevertheless, one of our lot own-
ers did execute a mortgage which was
subsequently foreclosed. Before the ex-
piration of the two years, the purchaser
of the lot at the foreclosure sale demanded
that the body of his daughter be interred
therein. You can readily realize that we
were placed in a very embarrassing posi-

tion, and even at this time we do not
know where we stand with reference to
that particular transaction. We have, of
course, assumed the position that the ques-
tion ‘bf'*the rights of the various claimants
of the lot is a matter to be decided be-
tween them, but it is manifest that in
many such cases the operator of a ceme-
tery would have great difficulty in pre-
venting it from being brought into liti-
gation regulating the rights of claimants
in such a lot. A statute clearly indicat-
ing whether or not a debt could be se-
cured by a mortgage on a lot in a ceme-
tery and prescribing the rights of parties
in such a lot pending the expiration of
the time allowed for redemption would,
of course, remove all such uncertainties.

No argument is needed to indicate that
it will be far better for the laws regulat-
ing cemeteries to be the same in each
state. The American Bar Association has
made considerable progress in an effort to
have uniform laws passed in the various
states on several subjects. As is well
known, the law regarding negotiable in-
struments has been enacted in more than
forty-five states. Uniform laws regarding
partnerships, divorces and on various other
subjects have been proposed by this asso-
ciation and adopted by many of the states.
I am informed that through strong and
representative committees much has been
done by this association along this line,
and that it not only welcomes, but really
seeks, the co-operation of business associ-
ations of all kinds in its efforts to extend
such laws. It is, of course, the ultimate
hope of this association that all general
subjects will be regulated by identically
the same statutes in every state. This
would not only aid the business man hav-
ing transactions in various states, but
would be a great and untold benefit to the
lawyers. Furthermore, our everyday
knowledge of legislatures teaches us the
fact that a law sponsored by such an asso-
ciation would aid greatly in securing the
passage by the various legislatures.

I am of the opinion that no harm would
be done and that great good would prob-
ably be accomplished by the appointment
of a committee charged with the duty of
framing laws governing commercial ceme-
teries and with the duty of procuring the
aid of the American Bar Association in
having them enacted. I believe that such
a committee would be able to accomplish
a great deal in a comparatively short time.
Think for a moment what it would mean
if every member present here today could
tell without consulting his attorney ex-
actly what are the rights of the owner of
a commercial cemetery and of its patrons
tinder practically any set of circumstances
and regardless of where such cemetery is
located, so long as it is in this country.

196

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

Cemetery Men in Biggest and Best Meeting

Barre Convention of A. A. C. S. breaks records; Twenty-nine new mem-
bers; royal entertainment and fine business program mark 31st annual.

The 31st annual convention of the As-
sociation of American Cemetery Superin-
tendents held in Barre, Vt., during the last
week in August was the laest attended of
any gathering heretofore held by this or-
ganization, more members were taken in,
and it may be safely said that everyone
present agreed with his neighbor that it

as these people did. Mrs. Rowen also did
her part most nobly and the visiting ladies
were most affectionate in their farewells
to their hostess. The big man in the ar-
rangements and the carrying out of them
was Ale.xander Hanton, superintendent of
the Barre cemeteries. Mr. Hanton has ac-
complished wonders under adverse condi-

the world looks upon us as a farming
community he would call attention to the
fact that it is also the granite center of the
world, the greatest marble producing state,
the leader in slate production, the home of
the greatest scale works in the world, and
the birthplace of some of the men who
have made America the greatest country

1-

was the most profitalde and most enjoyable
convention of the Association's history.
The men, women and children of Barre
turned over all the keys they possessed;
their hearts and their homes were opened
in glad welcome to the vistors, and endur-
ing friendship between guests and hosts
was the most important product that was
manufactured in Barre during the conven-
tion week.

There was only one thing that equalled
the wonderful hospitality of the Barre peo-
ple, and that was the enthusiastic apprecia-
tion of the visitors. Barre does not pos-
sess a hotel as large as the Waldorf-As-
toria, but it makes up in quality all that it
lacks in size, and while it would be unfair
to select any individual of the Barre Board
of Trade as being more prominent than his
co-workers in the entertainment, a passing
word in praise of John 'V. Rowen, the Ho-
tel Barre manager, and his wife, may ap-
propriately be said. Only the most efficient
of hotel managers could have made every-
thing run as smoothly with 400 extra guests

tions in the development of the Barre
cemeteries, but his works in this respect
were strongly rivalled by the executive
ability shown Ijy him in the conduct of this
affair.

The trips to the granite quarries and
manufacturing plants were highly instruc-
tive. Men like Mr. Falconer considered
this feature of the entertainment to be
most profitable as well as interesting.

The first session of the meeting was
called to order in the Spaulding High
School auditorium with the president. Dr.
R. N. Kesterson of Knoxville, Tenn., in
the chair.

Governor Horace F. Graham was intro-
duced to the audience and in typical Ver-
mont fashion welcomed the assembly to
the Green Mountain state. The Governor
said that it is of no use for the Governor
of Vermont to praise Vermont, because
Vermont needs no praise. It is small in
population and area, but it has behind it
a glorious past, and it anticipates a still
more glorious future. He said that while

in the world. The thing that Vermont
is proudest of is its men and women.

W. F. Landes of Indianapolis responded
in a most brilliant manner to the Gov-
ernor’s welcome. He heartily thanked the
Governor and the people. He spoke of
the purposes of the organization and fore-
casted a most profitable meeting.

President Kesterson gave the annual ad-
dress as follows :

PRESIDENT KESTERSON’ S ADDRESS.

Will you not first ijennit me to have just a per-
sonal word by way of an attempt to express to
you the peculiar feeling of gratification I have
in coming as a son of Tennessee, one of the south-
ern states, and one of those which undertook, a
little more than a generation ago, to leave the
Union, to this northern soil made sacred by the
deeds of the Green Mountain boys, and bringing
with me one more assurance of the fact that the
sectional wounds of the nation are healed, that
our country no longer knows any meaning of the
phrase “North and South,” except as it conveys
mere geograhical denomination?

When I was first nominated for an official posi-
tion in your body, my friend who placed me in
nomination, stated that I would be the first officer
to come from south of the Mason and Bixon line,
and it is a matter of peculiar personal gratifica-
tion to me that it falls to my lot to preside at a

PARK AND CEMETERY

197

meeting held in the far northern part of our united
country.

Some years ago a friend of mine, while traveling
in Massachusetts, was asked by a gentlemen if “it
were not dangerous for a northerner to go ‘out
south,’ ” as he expressed it.

And again on the other hand, this friend met a
charming young woman in Georgia who stated that
she was twenty years old before she realized that
“Damn Yankee” was not one word.

Thank God, gentlemen, tliat time is passed, and
the foolish prejudices as shown by these incidents,
amusing to us, are buried forever, and not in the
modern burial park of today with its provisions for
future care; but in the old-time graveyard, as it
were, with not even a marker to show they ever
existed — no perpetual care fund to keep their
memories green, and no regrets at their passing.

These conditions have been changing gradually

We all know that this band of noble men and
beautiful women have accomplished much in its
lifetime of thirty years.

We know that our burial parks of today are
monuments of beauty to the skill and ability of
the landscape men among us, and we also know
that when we meet each other in these conventions,
compare notes, exchange thoughts, as it were, that
each one of us will take home new ideas and new
principles to apply to ids own particular cemetery.

There are a few things to which I would like
to call attention at this time, upon which I would
be glad to have the members of this convention
take action.

One is the adoption of a “uniform set of laws”
applying to cemeteries in every state in the Union,
and I would counsel you to listen, think, and act
on this important matter at this time.

A paper has been prepared on this subject that

The secretary's report showed 4l) new
members. There are now 252 members and
the Association is in a more flourishing
condition than ever before.

After limcli on the first day the visitors
were entertained by an automolnle trip to
the granite manufacturing plants and the
cemeteries. The thoughtfulness of the en-
tertainment committee was especially ex-
hibited here when they presented everyone
of the nearly 4U0 visitors with a linen
duster.

On Tuesday evening the people of Barre
tendered an informal reception to the la-

Kii

■ 1

for a long time, ami nothing has contributed more
to the now complete and perfect change by which
all sectional feeling has been wiped out, than the
present great national struggle in which the mar-
tial strains of “Yankee Doodle” and “Dixie” are
commingled and lost in the one of “Star Spangled
Banner”; and it is to that national anthem, sung
in unison by brotherly voices, that the sons of those
who fought with Grant, and the sons of those who
bled with Lee will charge side by side over the
trenches “somewhere in I'rance” in what will
prove to be their victorious effort to make the
world safe for democracy.

And still further pleasure is added to this occa-
sion when I consider that there are found in our
body members from our neighboring great common-
wealth, the Dominion of Canada.

Assuredly this is a time for congratulation for
every speaker of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.

Just now we hail our brothers from Canada not
only as “Friends.” “Neighbors,” or even “Broth-
ers.” but also as “Comrades in Arms.”

I repeat, therefore, it is an extreme personal
pleasure to bring you greetings from the sunny
south with all the warmth, enthusiasm and sin-
cerity rightly ascribed as being properties of that
fair section.

And now. my friends, a word or two about our
<;rganizatioii. We are business men, and we desire
to make progress. Our business is on a different
plane from that of most enterprises; it is tilled
with a sentiment of love that holds it high abr)ve
the mere “dollars and cents” proposition, and we,
as an organization, must ever bear this in mind.

is to be read before you, and I hope you will fully
discuss it and take detiiiite action at this meeting.

I w^aikl Jje glad to have this convention adopt
a “uniform deed or certificate” to be used by all
cemeteries, and especially a blank form of trans-
fer where lots are sold and resold or parts of lots
are sold to different parties.

Many of our cemeteries forbid the selling of a
lot or any part thereof, yet it is done; hence a
suitable blank for the transfer is important and, in
fact, necessary.

My co-workers, I want to congratulate you on
being able to attend these annual gatherings.

I know you are happier here today, far away
from the sad scenes of your daily routine of duties.

The annual meeting of the Association of Amer-
ican Cemetery Superintendents is the bright oasis
in the life of the cemetery man; it is a breathing
spell for the tired spirit; it has groves of recrea-
tion and gardens of pleasure: it has fountains of
laughter and lakes of song; it is the mass plant-
ing of beautiful shrubbery and beds of roses for
the weary brain of the cemetery superintendent.

And now, as you are here in the city of Barre,
with her granite ribbed hills surrounding her, and
her fine streets, and her hospitable people, and
with the welcome extended you from His Excel-
lency, the Governor, Horace F. Graham, and the
Barre Entertainment Association, I cannot doubt
but that you are to have the time of your life.

And let us leave, with these good citizens here,
memories of our visit just as pleasant as those
we carry away of them, and of their beautiful
municipality.

dies at Hotel Barre while the business
session for members was going on in the
convention hall. At the latter place there
were some very interesting papers read.

"Our Cemeteries, Ancient and Modern,”’
was the title of the paper read by Leonard
W. Ross of Boston. This will be printed
in full in an early issue of Park and Ceme-
tery.

A. L. Gale of the Taylor-Critchfield-
Clague Advertising Agency of Chicago
spoke about what “Dignified Advertising is
Doing for the Modern Cemetery.” His pa-
per follows:

tVHAT DIGNIFIED ADVERTISING IS DO-
ING FOR THE ilODFIRN CEMETEItY.

By A. L. Gale.

I venture to say that if anyone had suggested —
ten or fifteen years ago — that advertising would
ever be used as an influence in the development
and improvement of the great work which you
gentlemen represent, he would have been accused
either of wild dreaming or a harmless form of
insanity.

The constructive possibilities of advertising have
been appreciated by the general public for so
short a time as to make this profession, or sci-

1 98

JOHN W. KELLEIi AND D. HOWELL
AT RIGHT, framing UP A PLOT
AGAINST SOMEBODY.

ence, or art, or whatever one may choose to call
it, of comparatively recent origin.

Of course “advertising” as a mere process for
the exploitation of wares, has been a more or less
intluential feature of business for many years.
But tile true force of advertising — as a factor not
only in the creation of desire for tlie possession of
things and of confidence in those things, but as
the most powerful factor in the shaping of public
opinion, the establishing of good will and prestige,
and the swaying of the national consciousness,
whether in relation to puldic utilities, political
movements, ordinary merchandising or the eleva-
tion of industries of all classes — has but recentbv
become a recognized and appreciated element in
the minds of those who read and who are con-
trolled to a degree by that which they read.

That you gentlemen represent an industry of
primary importance cannot be denied — and that it
is doubly important because of its practical and
sentimental <iualities is, 1 believe, a fact to be
recognized withcait dispute or controversy. And
that your industry, outside the realm of advertising
though it may be considered — is susceptible to the
same influence which shapes the habits and tastes
of people throughout the civilized world, is a state-
ment not to be disputed.

Dignifled advertising is doing much for the mod-
ern cemetery because advertising in its broadest
sense is influencing both the dealer in memorials
and the people who buy them. It is creating a
more artistic atmosphere around the cemetery —
stimulating mere desires for the harmonious and
the beautiful — fostering that pride which dealer and
ultimate buyer ought to have in the finished prod-
uct— giving everyone interested a greater appre-
ciation of values all along the line.

The superintendent of the modern cemetery can
well afford to be in sympathy with good adver-
tising— and, in fact, should be enthusiastic about
it — because it is undoubtedly helping to make each
cemetery a better one.

Another advantage in connection with dignified
advertising as applied to this industry is that it
gives a practical touch to a subject that has been
considered one to be postponed as long as possible
and, when finally taken uj) at all, handled in a
more or less indifferent way. One of the principal
purposes of the memorial advertising with which
my company has had more or less to do — that per-
taining to Barre granite — has been to drive home
the fact that the erecting of monuments, mauso-
leums. etc., is a present-day duty rather than one
to be left to the uncertain future.

Of course such work as this, done by good adver-
tising, is resulting in better cemetery conditions
everywhere, and it is a matter of record in many
localities that this api)eal for proper attention to
the erection of memorials on the part of heads
of families, even before burial places are needed, is
having visible and definite results.

Good advertising is also resulting in a more
general desire for better types of memorials, and
this is working to the advantage of both the ceme-
tery and the retail dealer. Showing the most de-
sirable monumental types in advertisements un-
questionably has the effect of increasing public
appreciation of such types. The dealer, who in
most cases is only too glad to meet the customer

P A R K AND CEMETERY

more than half way in iroviding these better memo-
rials, wins the co-operation of the cemetery super-
intendent in this work of improving conditions, and
so a chain of wholesome results is traceable to
the printed word and the attractive illustratkn
appearing in publications that command the con-
fidence of the people.

The tendency of all good advertising is upward.
It is essentially constructive. It has been a most
important factor in the sale of luxuries, conveni-
euces and comforts of all kinds, and there is no
i ne here w’ho will deny that it has exerted a most
powerful influence over the customs and habits of
all. That same force is at work today for the
modern cemetery — creating desires for better memo-
rials, stimulating the trade to greater efforts, in-
spiring the manufacturers and the qiiarriers them-
selves to finer achievements in the conduct of this
splendid industry. For advertising is not gocd ad-
vertising unless the authors of it live up to it,
and if there is any trade influence that compels

the producer to adhere to certain principles and

standards it is advertising.

For advertising is a declaration of principles.
It constitutes a series of messages which, once

turned loose, cannot be recalled. It fixes a mark,
and the business must come up to that mark or
the advertising rei)resents a' loss. All of this, of
course, helps the cemetery. All of this constitutes
an influence which the superintendent will do well
to appreciate, and which, I venture to say, you
men do appreciate to the fullest extent.

The cemetery has ceased to be regarded as a
mere depository for the dead. Rather, it is now a
place of beauty where architecture and building

skill and landscape gardening go hand in hand
with Nature for the achievement of Art. Good
advertising in this class must be artistic, and when
it is artistic it is simply increasing the desire of
the pubic for the artistic and appreciation of it.

The memorial advertising with which we have
to do has such aims and purposes. It is designed
for your good as well as the good of dealer,
manufacturer and quarrler. For just as succe^-’s
in any line feeds upon .success, so the results real-
ized by the producers and distributors of these

materials which help to make cemeteries beautiful
are going to depend upon the results yon super-
intendents realize in the growing attractiveness of
your properties. It is a mutual proposition, through
and through, and my hope is that you may appre-
ciate it as such and work with it as far as lies
within your power.

Frederick Green of Cleveland was un-
alile to be present, but his paper entitled,

“The Ideal Cemetery,” was read by the

secretary.

THE IDEAL CEMETERY.

By Frederick Green.

In five, ten, fifteen, twenty or more years, when
the insanity incident to a world’s war shall have
passed from the minds of men, and they shall

again turn to the pleasures of peaceful pursuits,
the creation of the ideal cemetery will again be-
come a possibility.

THREE BUSY MEN.

Left to light: W. B. Jones, W. D. McDon-
ald, President Barre Manufacturers’ Assn.,
and Geo. M. Painter.

LOADING THE CARS IN FRONT OF
HOTEL BAItRE FOR TRIP TO
GRANITE PLANTS.

The ideal cemetery can never^ endure for any
length of time on any higher plane than the Ideals
of the people of the community where it is lo-
cated.

It cannot he created by riches alone. It will
never be possible for any rich man, or group of
rich men, to order the building of a beautiful
cemetery as they would the building of a house.

It can only be built by the co-ordinate labor
of m.any minds and many hands with an enduring
and flexible leadership; it must be as nearly per-
fect in all the details of all of its departments
as the best minds in the country can make it.

To this end provision must be made whereby a
constant stream of now blood, with its accom-
paniment of new ideas, will flow into its organi-
zation at all points, and to accomplish this, it is
absolutely imperative that throughout the entire
organization, from its president down to its hum-
blest workman, the exact time of the permanent
retirement of each should be known in advance
and come to eacli as an honor won and financial
success attained, at least to an extent to free the
mind from that great curse of our modern civiliza-
tion, viz., the fear engendered by the thought of
abject poverty.

To be a cemetery superintendent looks easy
from tbe outside, but it is only after one has been
in the work for a considerable length of time that
he comes to realize how difficult the task really
is. The realization of these difl3culties is very
likely to dampen a man’s ardor to such an extent
that he gives up, and is content to become merely
a foreman to carry out plans formulated by others
of greater egoism, or he quits his job.

In past years the narrow, selfish view of allied
commercial interests has done much to retard the
development of the ideal cemetery, but now it is
most encouraging to note the broader unselfish view
which has come with the development of the larger
units now controlling some of these allied in-
terests.

In Cleveland we have been fortunate in that a
spirit of co-operation and civic pride has support-
ed and will continue to support the cemetery work
and we have found strong men willing to devote
their time and energy to it.

As eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, we
cemetery men must never forget that “eternal
vigilance” and ‘“eternal hard work” is the price
of tlie Ideal cemetery.

“Relations of the Probate Court to the
Cemetery,’’ was the subject discussed by
Judge Frank J. Martin of Barre. This
will appear in a later issue of Park and
Cemetery.

Wednesday was certainly a big day.
Nearly seventy automobiles furnished by
Barre citizens were drawn up in line near
Hotel Barre at 8 o’clock in the morning
and a jolly holiday party set off for the
45-mile ride through the heart of the

PARK AND CEMETERY

199

Barre, V t., Plant of McDonnell & Sons

Superintendents visiting" the Barre Convention gener-
ally pronounced our plant to be one of the neatest, one
of the best equipped, apparently one of the best managed
in the Barre district, and the work under construction and
completed unusually well executed.

We are one of the few Barre manufacturing firms
selling direct to the cemetery lot owner — erecting monu-
ments and mausoleums complete in any cemetery in the
country. Our architectural department is conceded to be
second to no other affiliated with the granite industry.

If you wish the best in design, material and workman-
ship refer lot owners or those interested in monuments and
mausoleums to McDonnell Sons,

Large illustrated booklet forwarded free to any
prospective client or cemetery official on applica-
tion.

McDonnell & sons

1857 — Established 60 Years — 1917

Executive Office and Designing Dept.

858-860 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y. Barre ^ P ermOTlt

200

PARK AND CEMETERY

Green Mountains to Burlington where the
excursion steamer Ticonderoga had been
chartered for the afternoon. Lake Cham-
plain, the pride of all Vermonters, was at
its best, and the six hours ride over its
waters was enjoyed immensely. The com-
mittee had prepared a splendid basket
lunch that was much appreciated. An or-
chestra furnished music throughout the
afternoon. Upon the return to Burlington
the party, numbering approximately 400,
marched up through the streets of the city
headed by the headquarters band of the
First Vermont regiment. This company
was recruited from Barre and was sta-
tioned at Fort Ethan Allen. A banquet
provided by the Barre committee was
served at the Hotel Sherwood, and the re-
turn trip brought everybody back to Barre
at about midnight.

The only unpleasant feature of the en-
tire week was in the heavy rain which
greeted the people when the\' woke up
Thursday morning. In spite of this, how-
ever, the scheduled trip to the Barre gran-
ite quarries was made in a special train
over the “Sky Route," which is the steepest
railroad in operation east of the Rocky
Mountains. The rain kept some at home,
but there were nearly 30l) who participated
in the trip and were greatly impressed
with the magnitude of the Barre granite
industry.

Thursday afternoon and evening were
taken up with addresses. We are unable
to find space in this issue for all the excel-
lent papers that were read, but will use
them later.

“Uniform Cemetery Laws” was the sub-
ject discussed by Walter Puckett of Bir-
mingham, Alabama. This is printed on an-
other page in this issue.

James Currie of Milwaukee made a fine
address on “The Crematory as an Adjunct
to the Modern Cemetery.” This is re-
served for publication in full in a later
issue.

S. Hollister Jackson of Barre read the
following paper on “Epitaphs” :

EPITAPHS.

By S. Hollister Jackson.

Some years ago at college I wrote, memorized
and delivered a declamation on epitaphs. The
declamation was involuntary, but the choice of
the subject voluntary. After my effort one of the
professors upbraided me for “trying to be face-
tious,” he said, wuth an irritating emphasis on
the word “trying.” In fact. I wasn’t trying to
be facetious, and that was the funny part of it,
and the hardest part of it. From that day to
this I have hardly dared to look an epitaph or
a professor in the face; and you can’t blame me
for concluding that, given a choice between an
epitaph and a professor. I would choose an epi-
taph every time. It is the more kindly and
intelligent of the two. I felt then, as I feel now,
more so now, that there is a deeper philosophy
in an epitaph than in a professor, more humor in
it than in Mark Twain’s “Jumping Frog,” more
sentiment in it than in the manufacture of a
monument.

An epitaph is a link between life, death and the
great hereafter. It speaks from “the garden of
sleep” its message of character, faith, hope and
love. It lays stress upon the value of a good
character and encourages emulation; it is a token
of the abiding faith of our fathers, the sacrificial
love of our mothers; and withal bids us hope at
a time and in a place where hope, too, seems

THEIR ONLY QUIET MOMENT.

Left to right: John Keller, Geo. Fainter, W.
D. MacDonald, FI. C. Whitaker, Alex.

Hanton, W. B. Jones and C. F. Millar.

dead. \Yhere material accomplishment marks suc-
cess, the epitaph descends to do its teaching.
Christopher Wren imagined St. Paul’s cathedral
drew its lines with “brushes of comet's hair,” and
was buried under its stately dome. As you
enter the cathedral you are confronted with this
inscription: “Si monumentum reipiiris, circum-

spice” — “if you seek a monument, look about
you.” or as a bright verger pur it — he was try-
ing to be facetious — “if you seek a monument,
sir, come, spy, see.” As you look about, that
epitaph grips you with an ever growing power
and mingled with your adoration of Him. for
whom the cathedral was conceived and built, is
your admiration of him w’ho planned it. What
better message of a good life, of faith and hope,
has been expressed than in the epitaph to Dean
Afford — “The inn of a traveler on his way to
Jerusalem.”

It is with such thoughts as these that I
broach the old and thread-bare subject of epi-
taphs. If, incidentally, I touch a lighter note,
you will apjireciate. I hope, that it is not for
the purpose of “trying to be facetious,” but for
illustration only. You superintendents of our
cemeteries could out-<lo any effort of mine in
recalling the smiling epitaphs which are to be
found in almost every cemetery. They act as
a safety-valve to sombre surroundings, and per-
mit you, in your trying occupation, occasionally
t<) steal a smile and break that professional look
of sadness, which the undertakers impose upon
you.

“CAUGHT IN THE’ ACT.”

Left to right: Mrs. Youden of Pittsburgh,
Geo. Painter of Philadelphia and Mrs.
W. B. Jones of Pittsburgh.

Let me give just three illustrations of this
class of epitaphs; a class, which I mention
only for the purpose of contrast and exclusion.
For an example of an Irish bull, who could im-
prove on this:

“Here lies the body of John Rounds,

Who was lost at sea and never found.”

And this example of the pun, found in Bath
Abbey upon the tombstone of a woman, whose
name was Mann:

“Here lies Anne Mann; she lived an old maid
and died an old Mann.”

And this expression, in doggerel, of that tired
feeling which Shakespeare more elegantly ex-

pressed in his “After life’s fitful fever, he sleeps
well” :

“Here lies an old woman who always was tired,

She lived in a house where no help was hired.

Her last words on earth were: ‘Dear friends,

I’m going

Where cleaning ain’t done, nor sweeping nor

sewing:

And everything there will be just to my wishes.

For where they don’t eat there’s no washing
of dishes.

Don't mourn for me now; don’t mourn for me

never,

For I'm going to do nothing forever and ever.’ ”

This is not the kind of epitaph that I have in
mind, nor from them do I draw the thought, which
I seek today to impress upon the minds of you,
who are guardians of the portals that lead to the
monuments.

They say that epitaphs have gone out of style;
that they are not considered “good form,” and
that one can see them today only in the oldest
cemeteries. They say, too, that the classics are
going out of fashion, and they speak of Latin
and Greek as “tlie dead languages.” Dead lan-
guages! when nearly every English sentence con-
tains a Latin or a Greek word, and often both.
Dead languages! when the thoughts we utter,
as well as the words with which we clothe them,
pulsate with the spirit of those ancient peoples.

Epitaphs out of style! As well might Tve say
that monuments should go out of style, for a
monument is an unwritten epitaph to him for
whom it was erected. Tlie.v have not yet tabooed
the simple words “father,” “mother.” What
memories surge when we see them ! How much
more they mean than “John Brown”! Have we
become such a prey to “good form,” have, we
become so hard-hearted, as hard as the granite
of our cemeteries, that we cannot bare our
hearts and soften tlie stone by inscribing thereon
some simple virtue of the sleeper?

Go you to the fashionable cemetery. You will
see handsome memorials; mausoleums, whose
lines and massiveness compel your artistic sense.
You see names beantitully carved thereon; just
names, names. You are duly impressed with the
magnificence of it all. But there is a coldness,

a chill, about these fashionable homes of the dead.
Something is lacking; and that something you

cannot find amidst these memorials.

Go you now to the older plot. Here you find

small, inartistic stones, roughly hewn, poorly set,
with names all but obliterated. Yet you stoop
close and read; on this one the simple word
“Farewell”; on that one “He sleeps”; on a wife’s
tablet “Till he comes”; there, “He was a good
husband and father”; and again, “He left a widow
and eighty-seven children, grandchildren and
great grandchildren’' — truly one of our forefathers.
And you are reminded of that family inscription
in Warwick: “All the sons were brave and all

the daughters virtuous.” Here you find the

something you missed in the more modern, more
fashionable portion of the cemetery. Here you
find sentiment. Here you find love, faith and
hope; all the inspirations and aspirations of life.
Here is the resting place of real-red-blooded peo-
ple, who not only followed the blessed rule of
speaking no ill of the dead, but found time to

write well of them upon their monuments. You
love those old inscriptions and do not stop to

wonder whether they were true or false. And
you experience a contentment, a fullness, which
all the magnificence of the modern memorial
could not give you. You slowly turn away and
discover that you have spent nearly all your
time among the dear old monuments and epitaphs
of a by -gone day; and you pass out of the old

cemetery, from its sunlight and warmth, through
the cold, moonlit avenues of stately spires and
'^arved sarcophagi, giving them but a glance.
Vou are thinking of the things you have read in
that old cemetery and a tender smile is upon
your face.

Epitaphs out of style! Then let us bring them
back into style. Let us put a little sentiment
into and upon our monuments. Let us add to the

PARK AND CEMETERY

201

llllllllllll

llllllllllllllllllll

iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiinii

How Tarvia looked
after nine years —

The Pase o, Kansas City, Mo.
Constructed with ,,Tarvia-X” in 1908

In 1908 this fine stretch of boulevard
in Kansas City was built with
“Tarvia-X” as a binder.

As one of the thoroughfares in the
city’s boulevard system, it is subject
to much swift automobile traffic.

Ordinary plain macadam would
have disintegrated very shortly and
the annual up-keep would have
been very high.

Tarvia, however, acting as a binder
made this road automobile-proof as
well as dustless and mudless. Au-
tomobile traffic instead of disrupt-
ing this surface merely rolls it down
smoother. The Tarvia also makes
the road waterproof and frost-proof.

Mr. Ralph R. Benedict, of the Park

Board, reports that the pavement
has given “the best of satisfaction.
* * * * There has been very little
expense for maintenance and the
pavement is still in excellent shape.”

During the nine years Kansas City,
thanks to Tarvia, has enjoyed a
dustless, mudless, automobile-proof
road and, what is more important,
it has saved money at the same time.

In the nine years that have passed since
this road was constructed, Tarvia roads
have been built almost without number
and Tarvia materials and Tarvia meth-
ods have been standardized throughout
the country.

An inquiry to the nearest Barrett office
will bring prompt response and full in-
forrnation in regard to Tarvia possi-
bilities.

Address nearest office.

iiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiniiiiiiHiitiiiiiiiiiniiMniiniiiiinniiiiiiirMiiniiiimiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiNiiiiMNiiitTi’-

Illustrated booklet on request.

•iiiNnit«ii>riiiiiiiijiutitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiit)iiiiiiniitiiiiiiniiMiiiiiiiuiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiniiiuiiitiiiimiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiii

Special Service Department

I This company has a corps of trained
1 engineers and chemists who have given
I years of study to modern road prob-
1 lems.

I The advice of these men may be had

for the asking by any one interested. I
If you will write to the nearest office I
regarding road problems and condi- |
tions in your vicinity, the matter will |
have prompt attention. |

The

Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. liouis Cleveland
Pittsburgh Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis
Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Toronto Montreal

St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney,

Cincinnati

Nashville

Winnipeg
N. S.

Vancouver

202

fashionable dress of our modern graves some of
the homely virtues of the epitaph. Let us write
upon the grand memorial a simple sentence, so
that art may not banish sentiment from the land
of the dead.

“Pricing of Cemetery Lots’’ was dis-
cussed by W. N. Rudd of Chicago, and is
printed in full on another page.

H. C. Bassinger, Superintendent of
Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.,
spoke on “Service” as follows:

“SERVICE.”

By H. C. Bassinger.

In this age of progress ■s^'hat profession can be
of greater service to mankind than that of ours,
serving with a genuine sympathy those in bereave-
ment as well as taking care of their needs with
the required executive ability.

I believe the modern cemetery should endeavor
to embody all that is beautiful, following very
closely the plans of nature, as laid out for us
by the Great Architect of tlie universe. May
we, as His students, follow with love and in-
spiration the teachings He has set forth.

In laying out the grounds, that has been se-
lected as the cemetery location, we should en-
hance the natural beauties of the land by ju-
dicious planting, consistent with the proposed
plans. The contour of the ground often lends

itself to the formation of lakelets and waterfalls.
These can be used to advantage. The murmur-
ing of a waterfall, as it winds its peaceful way
overhill and dell, into a clear lakelet, gives forth
that sympathetic comfort, that aids in soothing
the perturbed minds of those who linger there.

The roadways are of vital importance in serv-
ice to our patrons. In this age, of automotive

conveyances, the citizen always appreciates trav-
eling on good roads, whether it be in boulevards,
parkways or cemeteries. Therefore, our roads
must be thoroughly drained and of good con-
struction.

When dividing the sections, into lots or single
graves, we must bear in mind the general out-
line of the land, the future development of each

lot and particularly the location of the memorials
with relation to the surroundings. To minimize
the pallbearers’ burden, the width of sections
should make all lots easily accessible fr( m drive-
ways. The lots should be laid out, in an econom-
ical manner and of various sizes, to meet the re-
(piirements of all classes of jiurchasers, each lot
to be permanently marked off, by small numer-
ical stones and the single graves numbered at the
head; thus enabling all to locate the last resting
I lace of their dear ones.

We can render personal service to the lot buyer
by providing a coiu’eyance to the various loca-
tions: assisting in the selection of a lot suitable
for their requirements and determining the po-
sition of interments to be made therein. If we
wish to truly aid them in the choice of a lot
with wldch they will he satisfied, our advice in
the matter, must not be biased by commercial
considerations. Arrangements should be made al-
lowing time for the payment of same if neces-
sary.

When conveying the earthly form of the de-
parted to the bosom of mother earth, the harsh-
ness of the open grave can be eliminated by the
copious use of evergreen trimming, lowering de-
vice, matting, chairs, tent, etc. A well appoint-
ed chapel for services, and receiving vault for
the temporary dispcsal of the remains is a neces-
sity. The bereaved may wish to await the ar-
rival of relatives or spend more time in the se-
lection of a last resting place. Tlie growing
demand for cremation, makes important a com-
plete crematorium. The attendants in charge of
funerals shall be neatly uniformed and on the
alert to assist at every opportunity. After the
floral designs have withered they should be re-
moved and the grave immediately sodded. The
grass shall be njown and the lot cleaned perpet-
ually free of charge. There must be for the
convenience of lot owners, adequately equipped
administration buildings, records, conveyances to
the various i arts of the grounds, water hydrants,
sprinkling cans, rubbish receptacles, painting of
benches and urns, etc.

Few people realize the advantage of securing
a lot before needed and are then placed in a
position which compels the purchase of a single
grave; therefore, a service can be rendered by
acquainting them with the fact that family lots
are obtainable at a nominal cost and the bodies
removed to same.

PARK AND CEMETERY

The cemetery authorities can materially assist
a lot owner in the choice of a proper memorial,
one which will make a pleasing picture when
placed among judicious planting. Too much
stress cannot he laid upon the fact that this
tribute to the memory of the departed ones must
be of durable material, good workmanship and
I leasing proportioas.

A police department is an indispensable fea-
ture iu every well protected cemetery, for the
handling of traffic, the prevention of petty thiev-
ery and the preservation of general good order.
A reasonable set of rules and regulations, if en-
forced in a firm but kindly manner, will go far
toward making the cemetery a peaceful and beau-
tiful resting place for the dead.

At all times a quiet dignit.v must prevail
throughout the grounds and courtesy to all should
he the motto of every employe.

On Friday morning was held the last
business session. The following officers
were elected :

President, W. N. Rudd, Mount Green-
wood Cemetery, Chicago.

Vice President, William H. Atkinson,
Riverview Cemetery, Trenton, N. J.

Secretary and Treasurer, William B.
Jones, Highwcod Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Member Executive Committee, Dr. R. N.
Kesterson, Greenwood Cemetery, Knox-
ville, Tenn.

Rochester, N. Y., was chosen as the con-
vention city of 1918.

Shortly before noon the resolutions com-
mittee reported a memorial of the mem-
bers who have passed on since the last
convention. The necrology roll included
J. L. Halstead of Oak Hill Cemetery,
Nyack, N. Y., R. D. Boice of Oakwood
Cemetery, Geneseo, 111., and A. H. David-
son of Cypress Lawn Cemetery, San Fran-
cisco.

The following resolution was adopted
unanimously :

RESOLUTIONS.

“Whereas, This convention has been entertained
in a most elaborate and pleasureable way, making
<.ur stay in the city of Barre one long to be re-
membered by each individual in attendance, tlieie-
fore

“Be it resolved, That it is with extreme pleas-
ure and gratitude that we acknowledge our indebt-
edness to the entire population of the city of
lane and vicinity; that your committee knows n .t
where to begin or where to stop in enumerating
the various persons who contributed to such a
successful convf^ntioD. The entertainment has been
sp(. ntanefius. Never before in the history of onr
Association have homes as well as hearts been
thrown open to us and the entire city seemingly
turned over to us.

“We make mention, howevev, of Rev., Edgar
Crossland for his invocation; his excellency, Horace
F. Graham, governor of Vermont, for his hearty
address of welcome to the state; the Barre Board
of Trade and its secretary, H. A. Phelpn; tho
Barre city cemeteries commission, the ladies’ com-
mittee, the Barre Hotel and its efficient manager,
the advertisers, the Barre Quarriers’ Association
and the Barre Granite Manufacturers’ Association,
larticularly the president, W. I). MacDonald, and
the secretary, H. P. Blinman; the Barre Retail
Merchants’ Association, the Barre Entertainment
Association, and especially its president, Alex
Ilanton, and the chairman of its entertainment
committee, W. G. Reynolds; the Barre Daily Times
and its reporter. Mr. Bell; our executive committee
aiul our convention committee. .1. li. Hooker and
J. A. Reed.”

Immediately following the close of the
business session the entire body with many
Barre people were taken in automobiles
to the beautiful spot known as Wil-
liamstown Gulf, about nine miles from
Barre, where lunch was served and the
afternoon spent in one grand jolliScation
with outdoor sports of all kinds.

At 10 o'clock Friday evening most of the
guests departed on a special train for Bos-
ton, where they were entertained on Satur-
day by the cemetery superintendents of
that city.

The Cover Illustration

The illustration on the cover of this
issue shows a long stretch of fence sur-
rounding Lowell Cemetery, Lowell, Mass.
This shows a type of iron fence that is
ideally adapted to cemetery use. It is
high and massive, offering the maximuni
protection, and at the same time is a neat
and attractive design that harmonizes in*
sim.plicity and substantial construction
with the character of the cemetery
grounds.

The illustration shows the simple,
rugged character of the design, and the
careful construction and bracing of the-
iron work.

This fine stretch of fence was made by
the Stewart Iron Works Co., of Cincin-
nati, O., who have many different styles-
of fence of this character to choose from.

Cemetery Notes

The new crematory at Harmony Grove
Cemetery, Salem, Mass., is now ready foi
use. George W. Creesy is the superintend-
ent.

At a recent meeting of the Cemetery
Commission of Mount Hope Cemetery,
Rochester, N. Y., it was unanimously de-
cided that automobile owners may drive-
their machines into Mount Hope on and
after Sept. 15th.

Contract for building the receiving vault:
and chapel at the North Star cemetery,
St. Cloud, Minn., has been let to Am-
brose Wahl, the lowest bidder, his figure
being $4,500. The receiving vault will be
entirely fireproof in construction. The
vault will be in the basement and the
chapel on the first floor. The materials
used will be cement, cobblestone and slate
roofing.

The purchase of 13% acres adjoining
Forest Cemetery, the municipal cemetery
of Toledo, O., is being considered by the-
city council. The property extends from
Stickney av. to Seek st. and is a part of
the Bissel Farm addition. The price is-
$750 an acre. There is still on hand $100,-
000 worth of lots, but the rate of burial
in the cemetery is about one hundred a.
month and more land will soon be needed.
There are now 210 acres in the cemetery.
Eighty thousand persons have been buried
there since 1836.

In behalf of the Helena , Cemetery As-
sociation, Helena, Mont., William Muth
has brought suit in the district court and
petitioned for the appointment of a body
of trustees by -the court to take charge of
the assets of the concern and for an order
requiring the association, its trustees and
Henry Winter, the manager, to account
for its funds.

P A R K AND CEMETERY

203

An Aristocrat

Owned by the majority of the best managed and most beautifully landscaped cemeteries in the
United States.

Selected for their cemeteries by prominent cemetery superintendents; men nationally known and
who have made history in the wonderful scientific development of cemeteries.

So you can judge the FRIGID AUTOMATIC LOWERING DEVICE, not alone by its appearance,
the service it gives you, and the manufacturer that makes it, but also by the cemetery that
owns it and the man who selected it.

WRITE U S— W E’LL TELL YOU WHO OWNS ONE OR MORE

FRIGID FLUID CO. :: Chicago, 111.

THE AUTOMATIC NATURAL SEAL
FOR CONCRETE BURIAL VAULTS

is the only permanent, perfect seal, because it
is sealed bv the forces of nature ; built on a me-
chanical, patented principle that makes nature
seal it ; absolutely impervious to moisture.

Does not rust or rot ; graves never sink ; con-
tents forever protected against the elements.

Ask for our literature explaining the simple
mechanical principle that proves these state-
ments, and tells how our steel molds make it
easy for every cemetery to make these vaults.

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S

COLORS

onwMf

weasKYCiTif.

DIXON’S S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four daik colors — one quality
only— for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
vtith prices upon request.

Made in JERSEY CITY, N. J.. BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON GRUGIBLE GOMPANY

^<3^ ESTABLISHED 1827 ^<8^

Offer a very complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Trees., Shrubs, Evergreens, Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

204

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

’ INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND

INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things : Eirst, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY’’ INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised; entries run across two pages each
9^ X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY’’ LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A— 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing fxdl-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the hooks.

PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, III.

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

205

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the Jst of the month.

SHOULD THE OFFICIALS OF ANY FIRST-
class cemetery require the services ot a
young', experienced superintendent, thor-
oughly familiar with the details of cemetery
management, engineering, landscape archi-
tecture, lot sales, etc., having obtained such
knowledge through study and many years
of practical experience with one of the larg-
est and best cemeteries in this country, they
may do well to communicate at this time
with “L. A.,” care Park and Cemetery.

FINE OPPORTUNITY IF YOU CAN MAN-
age a cemetery in city of 30,000; must have
some money. Address MacNaughton, Pi'ince
Bay, S. I., N. Y.

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. MEMBER A S.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo,

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4338

CLARK & PIKE

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and information. Worsham Training School.
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CEMETERY SALES EXPERTS

sperializing in cemetery organization
advertising and selling campaigns, will

organize and manage lot selling
campaigns, outline and plan or-
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agement for new cemeteries, and
organize stock companies.

If there is an opportunity for a new
cemetery in your locality let u.s help
you with it.

GEORGE P. GARIN & CO.

R. 510, 117 No. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.» Minneapolis* Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn,

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers o'
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H^rite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE. ILL.

AMERICAN-GROWN

EVERGREENS

For September Planting

Our ability to supply plants
of the highest quality is not
curtailed by the stoppage of
foreign shipments. Buy
nursery stock grown at
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Andorra
Nurseries

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

‘'Suggestions for Effective
Planting” on request.

Box 150
Chestnut Hill
Phila., Penna.

Iris, Phlox, Larkspur, Hemerocalis

Things that thrive, now is the time to plant

FRANK WILD FLORAL CO.. Sarcoxie, Mo.

PRICE LIST FREE

WATERWEEDS REMOVED

easily and effectively from an^ lake,
pond or river. Write for particulars
of the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw.

ASCHERT BROS., West Bend, Wis.

This is only one of the many letters ive constantly
receive from our satisfied customers. Our aim is to
give the very best service, first class stock, carefully
packed. If you do not receive our catalogue regularly
in the early fall and spring, drop us a line and your
name will he placed permanently on our mailing list.

THOMAS B. MEEHAN CO.

WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN DRESHER, PA.

PLEASANT VIEW CEMETERY,
KEWANEE, ILLS.,

MARCH 21st, 1917.

Thomas B. Meehan Co., Dreshcr, Penna.

Cenllemen: —

1 just want to tell you how perfectly satisfied we are with the trees which
we have received from you. Out of the 300 set out, 1 only lost two and
those died from the effects of the uorms. We would not think of buyiyig
elsewhere, and shall not as long as we receive such treatment from you.

Very truly yours, G. D. SWAIN, Supl.

2o6

P A R K AND

CEMETERY

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be
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quicker, with less
expense. Use a

laeser
Mixer

Now made in small sizes. Mounted on trucks
with engine complete or on skids for hand
power. A profitable investment that will pay
for itself many times over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere. Hun-
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The

Jaeger Machine
Company

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

The Famous New
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With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
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C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

PARK AND CEMETERY

207

W. Sc T. SmiTH COmPANY

GEINE\/A, IN E \A/ YORK

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

64 YEARS.

700 ACRES,

To Park and Cemetery
Superintendents

As I am now booking or'ders for the
coming season for the followMng varieties
of

Evergreens, Spruce, Balsam
and Hemlock Boughs

I wish to call your attention to their value
for lining graves and protecting shrubbery
during the winter.

These boughs are put up in 100 pound
bales, and I can furnish you as many car-
loads as you require, or in single bales
or ton lots, at the very low price given in
the descriptive circular which I will send
you upon receipt of a post card.

All orders will receive prompt atten-
tion, and I guarantee first class stock.
Order early and be on time. Address

H. J. SMITH, Hinsdale, Massachusetts

STONE GRAVE VAULTS

The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Norsery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses* Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Treeis

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy 01d*Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

t Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

lew dwar.

l)ens

CREMATORY

Try Our No. 4 lawn Vase

Terra CoUa Color at $2.90 Each

Convenient to all western New York Territory.

BKh Size 1 8 in. wide by 30 in. high

MT. HOPE CEMETERY

Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

j. W. Keller. Supt. Rochester, N.Y.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.

South Zanesville, Ohio

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company - CleveU

Grave and Lot

Now is the time to place your
order for markers for fall de-
livery.

HAASE PORTLAND CE-
MENT g-rave and lot markers
have been used longer and have given better satisfaction than any other lot marker ever
sold. Our markers are machine made. Each one perfectly true.

Lawn mowers, wheelbarrows, dump carts, etc., are harmless to HAASE markers.
Frost neither harms nor heaves our markers.

Made in 3 in., 3)4 in., 4 in. and 5 in. diameters, and 8, 10, 12 in. lengths. The 10 in.
most commonly used.

Lots and graves once marked with HAASE markers are permanently marked.
No replacing of cracked or broken tops in later years.

Write to us, giving the quantity of mark-
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the size, and we will furnish you figure
F. O. B. your station.

Sample marker sent free of charge upon
request.

HAASE CONCRETE WORKS Est. 1880 Forest Park, Illinois

Markers

I

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SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Some Shade Tree I'ests — The ITicing of Cemetery Lots
— Scenic Pathway in Minneapolis Park — The Cemetery
and the Probate Court — Co-operation of Cemetery Su-
perintendent and Monument Dealer — I'he Crematory in
the Modern Cemetery.

IRON FENCE AND GATES, BUILT BY THE STEWART
IRON WORKS CO., CINCINNATI: FOR WORCESTER
TECHNICAL ATHLETIC FIELDS, WORCESTER, MASS.

Sold and erected by
Wright Wire Co.,
Worcester, Mass.

SEE PAGE 226

no

PARK AND CEMETERY.

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any '
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised; entries run across two pages each
9^2 X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows; number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days; sex; social state; date of death — year, month, day; cause of death; date
of interment — ^year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages ; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you 'pay your subscription to “Parle and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order books, add, one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery**
for one year — regxdar price, two dollars.

Send for oxir new revised catalog contaixiing full-sized, duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street. Chicago, 111.

P A RK AND C EM ET ER }'

21 I

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Professor E. B. Hall, of the Department of Geology, University of
Wisconsin, says that Georgia Marble, because of its purity, especially
the absence of iron, will retain its color, and, due to its low absorption
power, the agents of disintegration will have but little effect upon it.

Owing to its non-absorptive quality and the fact that it is free
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The soft, even surface texture of Georgia Marble gives additional
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Our monthly magazine, MONUMENTS, will prove of
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The Georgia Marble Company

Tate, Georgia

212

PAR K A N n c R M ET RRY

ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE

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NTERPRISE Protective Fence is especially adapted for cemeteries and parks,
because it offers real beauty of design as well as permanent protection.

Enhances Natural Beauty
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Enterprise Fence is made in a wide variety
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Catalog

styles, quotes prices and explains our
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Write to-day for this catalog.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2448 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Specialists for 33 Years in AH = Iron and Iron = and = Woven = Wire Protective Fencing

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
R. J. HAIGHT, President H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and Generai Manager O, H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50; three years, $.J .00; five years, $3.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL.- XXVII. NO. 8.

OCTOBER, 1917.

EDITORIAL

LAND CLASSIFICATION IN
NATIONAL FORESTS

As a result of land classification
work, more than eight million acres
were eliminated from the national for-
ests in the last fiscal year, and in addi-
tion, over 1,100 individual tracts within
the forests were made available for
homestead entry, according to the an-
nual report of Henry S. Graves, chief
of the Forest Service, which empha-
sizes the necessarily permanent charac-
ter of the national forests, and points
out the importance of definitely deter-
mining the status of the land which the
forests contain. “The national forests,”
says Mr. Graves, “are gaining in stabil-
ity through the land classification work
It is important for the general pulilic
to know what lands are to be retained
permanently by the Government, and
what lands will be availalile for agricul-
tural settlement.

The need for consolidating land own-
ership where Government and private
lands are interlocked is pointed out by-
Mr. Graves. Congress has, he states, al-
readyr authorized an exchange of lands
on the Florida, the Oregon, and the
Whitman National Forests. Under the
same policy exchanges have been or are
being negotiated with South Dakota,
Montana, Idaho, and Washington for
school lands in the national forests lo-
cated in those States. The consumma-
tion of three of these exchanges now
awaits fitial approval by Congress.

Other measures which will have a
far-reaching significance in relation to
the permanence of the national forests,
says the report, are the appropriation liy
Congress at its last session of ten
million dollars for the construction of
roads within the forests and that of
three million dollars to extend the na-
tional forests in the eastern mountains
by purchase. “The appropriation for the
construction of roads will permit the
opening up of regions heretofore in-
accessible, will greatly increase the use
to the resources in the forests, will
shorten lines of travel across the States
and between communities, will stimulate
prospecting and mining in mineral
regions and will aid community upbuild-
ing. The importance of having public
forests at the headwaters of important
streams has been recognized and great-
ly emphasized through the appropria-

tion of $3,900,000 for continued pur-
chases of lands begun under the so-
called Weeks Law.

H ALKING.

All health authorities agree that the
ancient and simple pastime of walking
is one of the healthiest of outdoor
sports, and one that can be practiced by-
all classes and conditions of people. In
these days of universal automobiles, air-
ships and other forms of rapid transit,
walking has fallen somewhat into disuse.
In several cities efforts are being made
to encourage walking in the parks and
woodlands, and every effort of this kind
deserves the heartiest encouragement.
In Hartford, personally conducted park
walking tours are arranged for botanical
and landscape study, and sulnirban walk-
ing tours have been conducted by pri-
vate organizations in Chicago. The first
necessity to make walking popular is to
make the walk attractive, and one of the
finest of recent works in this direction
has recently been made in Minneapolis,
where a scenic pathway, or trail, has
been built for pedestrians through a
fine naturally wooded section of Glen-
wood Park. The path has been so laid
out as to traverse beautiful woodland
scenes, with vantage points that open
up beautiful views of the surrounding
country. The walk winds about through
the valleys and hills, and has been a
revelation to the walkers who have en-
joyed rambling along its winding way-.
The walk is illustrated and described on
another page in this issue, and has been
built w'ith a surface particularly con-
structed for the pedestrian’s comfort.
Here is a fine suggestion to emulate in
every park system or suburban wood-
land. A combination of the Hartford
plan of botanical study and the Minne-
apolis plan of a specially designed walk
offers many possibilities in popularizing
walking. Every community should have
a scenic walk and a walking club. Every
public park of considerable extent has
floral or landscape attractions that
would add interest to a walk, and sys-
tematic study of these features under
proper guidance is all that is necessary
to get park visitors interested. Walks
into the country could be popularized in
the same way by regularly organized
parties that could meet at some subur-
ban points that offered scenic attrac-
tions to pedestrians. Let us do all we

can to encourage the fine pastime of
w-alking.

CEMETERY LAWS.

In a discussion of cemetery- legislation
in this department last month, emphasis
was laid on the need for laws in every
state governing the management of
cemeteries — laws that should require
certain m.inimum standards of honesty
and efficiency- in financial management
and modern standards of physical devel-
opment and care. Honestly managed,
privately' owned cemeteries that are op-
erated for profit are just as much in
favor of such laws as are cemeteries
that are not managed as private enter-
prises for such laws wdll keep out of
the cemetery- business unscrupulous
stock jobbers who want to get as much
of other people's money' as possible
without making adequate provision for
the cemetery. That private cemetery-
companies are heartily in favor of such
regulation is evidenced by a letter just
received from the sales manager of a
metropolitan cemetery that is operated
for profit. We quote from it as follow-s :

“The Septemlier number of ‘Park
and Cemetery’ has just reached me. In
it I have noticed a very splendid edito-
rial on 'Uniform Cemetery Laws.’ May
I not express my approval also of this
very important subject. Too much em-
phasis cannot be given the importance of
the matter, as you say. No one know-s
or realizes this more than do we, who
are honestly trying to elevate the sub-
ject of cemetery lot selling, and who
are every- day making it our life’s W'ork.
I for one, would like to alw'ays stand
sponsor for any- legislative enactments,
either State or National, that would
place in safekeeping, all interests of the
lot owners, w-hether it be care funds,
rights of interment, ownership or any
other feature. 1 never could under-
stand why the State should not have
supervision and control over the care
fund and to see that it is accumulated
according to the method adopted by the
cemetery at the outset. To my mind
this is one of the most important mat-
ters that are not now guarded by the
State and which permits manipulation
by unscrupulous ones. Surely no one
can say that this should be allowed. You
deserve much credit for bringing the
questions, as contained in your editorial,
to light.”

214

PARK AND CEMETERY

The Crematory in the Modern Cemetery

Address before the Barre Convention of Cemetery Superintendents by
James Currie, Superintendent Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee, IVis.

When I received the invitation to con-
tribute an article on "The Crematory as an
Adjunct to the Modern Cemetery" to be
presented at this convention, I presumed to
see in the title the implication that the
crematory may now he considered an es-
sential part of the equipment of the up-to-
date cemetery and from this angle I would
be expected to discuss the subject. Whether
my mental vision is affected by the fact that
we operate a crematory in Forest Home
Cemetery so that I fail to perceive that the
subject suggested is in the nature of a
query as to the necessity or success of the
crematory, is perhaps of little moment, for
in any event, being an advocate of the cre-
matory in connection with the cemetery, I
shall endeavor to show that the day is not
far distant, in fact, may he said to be
already here, when no cemetery of any im-
portance will be considered fully prepared
to accommodate its patrons if not equipped
with a crematory, and I hope to encourage
the belief that as mediums for the disposal
of the dead the cemetery and crematory
should not he considered as standing in op-
posite and antagonistic positions, and that
cremation is not inimicable hut in reality
conducive to the prosperity of the cemetery.

In the first place, I think it must be con-
ceded that cremation can no longer he
ignored by even its most prejudiced oppo-
nents or be summarily dismissed from our
minds as irrelevant to the purposes of the
cemetery.

Opinions concerning this movement are
still widely at variance among cemeter\' au-
thorities, some of whom I am aware view
its methods and theories with suspicion and
appear to regard it as an unwarranted in-
novation and a menace to the business pros-
perity of the cemetery. But whether we
approve or reject cremation will not change
the situation. The fact remains that a sen-
timent in its favor is rapidl\' developing.
The practice is meeting with less and less
hostility and must ere long become popular.
No doubt it will he many years, perhaps
several generations, before cremation be-
comes universal or is mandatory by law,
hut it will surely progress. What is there
to oppose its advance? Principally custom
and prejudice. Will reason, common sense,
scientific research and knowledge or even
religious scruples stand in opposition to a
reform which practically every intelligent
person acknowledges as reasonable and de-
sirable from a sanitary and even a senti-
mental point of view? It is fruitless to try
to permanently maintain the practice of
earth burial or interment in the tomb
against which there is so much undeniable
condemnatory evidence. It is already ap-
parent that the custom is doomed and must
sooner or later be superseded by a more

rational system. In my opinion, as custo-
dians of cemeteries primarily interested in
the welfare of our patrons, we can no
longer maintain an indifferent or passive
attitude towards cremation. We are either
for or against its principles. If in favor
of its practice let us courageously face the
situation and fearlessly declare our views
when occasion requires and our advice is
solicited.

Expressing my own oi)inions 1 wish to say
that I am a firm believer in the fundamen-
tal principles of cremation, although not in
full accord with some of the ideas of the
confirmed cremationist. 1 believe it is a
rational, scientific and reverent process in
harmony with progressive principles, and I
know that it now' numbers among its advo-
cates a large percentage who are lot owners
and patrons of cemeteries, who prefer cre-
mation to earth burial, for which reason
alone I believe it demands the recognition
and endorsement of the management of
every cemetery.

Science has demonstrated the desirability
and even the necessity of this method of
disposing of the dead as a safeguard to the
living. .\11 things affecting the welfare of
humanity are now carefully studied. Sani-
tary conditions and measures for the pro-
motion of health are receiving special at-
tention. The old-fashioned graveyard and
even the modern cemetery are now being
viewed with suspicion and subject to in-
vestigation, and while we are able to show,
and 1 think conclusively, that there is no rea-
son to apprehend danger of contamination
of the water or air by the modern cemetery,
as contended by many cremationists, the
fact remains that many and an ever-in-
creasing number of intelligent and enlight-
ened people believe that decomposing bodies
in the ground are or may possibly be delete-
rious to the health of the community. Cre-
mation disposes of all doubt, for it unques-
tionably renders the remains of the dead
innocuous and in no sense a menace to pub-
lic health.

1 do not propose at this time to cham-
pion cremation as a substitute for earth
burial, but to advocate its principles and the
adoption of its methods in the cemetery. I
am persuaded that the \ ital and most im-
portant question confronting us today is
not the development and maintenance of
the cemetery as a place of beauty, or the
selection of the monument as a work of art
in harmony with its environment, but the
much more momentous question of the
proper method of disposing of the dead.

Knowing well the natural aptitude and
unbiased disposition of the average man in
our profession, I aver without fear of con-
tradiction that with few exceptions the su-

perintendent of the cemetery who has had
experience and opportunity to observe the
progress of dissolution in the grave, is an
advocate of cremation, or is convinced that
it is an appropriate method of disposing of
the bodies of the dead.

But it seems superfluous to dwell on this
phase of the question. The usual propa-
ganda of the cremationist and crematory
promotor is familiar to every reader on the
subject of cremation and we know every
argument. No matter how we view our in-
terest i" the cemetery we must in all fair-
mindedness admit that fundamentally the
principles of cremation are rational, al-
though man_\- of us honestly, and I believe,
consistently, object to the final disposition
cremationists in general would make of the
cremated remains.

-As proof of the growing popularity and
practice of cremation and with the view
of determining the need of the crematory
in the cemetery, 1 might, if the limitations
of this article would permit, present sta-
tistics of the several crematories in the
country, now numbering sixty or more,
showing a steady annual increase of crema-
tions in the aggregate and a marked in-
crease in practically every case from the
time each crematory was established,
although in nearly all instances the annual
increase has not been steady but fluctuating,
as may he expected. It can be shown, too,
that the establishment of an additional cre-
matory in the same territory has apparently
stimulated an interest in cremation, as in
all such cases the figures show an annual
increase in the aggregate number of crema-
tions with no material falling off in any
crematory previously established. This may
in part he accounted for by stimulus of
competition and the ordinary publicity
methods of business we sometimes see em-
ployed to promote cremation ; but I incline
to the opinion that the increase in number
of cremations may be regarded as an indi-
cation that if cremation is encouraged,
properly represented, and crematories con-
veniently installed, it will appeal favorably
to and he adopted by many people who
might otherwise reject it as undesirable or
give it no attention. Much of the opposi-
tion to cremation is undoubtedly due to mis-
understanding of its principles and miscon-
ception of the methods employed. To the
average person the thought of incineration
is at first abhorrent but the process when
explained or viewed usually dispels such
impressions and reveals the fact that the
operation is neither painful to witness nor
disagreeable to contemplate. On the con-
trary, dissolution being rapidly effected by
the purest agency conceivable, is, on re-
flection, in comparison with the process of

earth burial, attractive and preferable to the
majority of thinking people.

Assuming that cremation is commenda-
ble as represented, that it is open to no
valid objection, that it is on the increase
and may be further promoted if its princi-
ples are approved and receive the endorse-
ment and active support of cemetery au-
thorities, the question for our consideration
is whether it is advisable or feasible to es-
tablish the crematory in the cemetery.

Judging from my personal experience
and information gleaned through other
sources, I affirm that the crematory in the
cemetery is a practical proposition approved
by many lot owners, that it is good busi-
ness policy to be so equipped to accommo-
date patrons of cemeteries and others de-
sirous of adopting this method of disposing
of the dead and that it may prove a profit-
able investment, depending on locality, the
existing demand for cremation, or the in-
terest which may be created locally in its
favor. I will go further than that and say
I think the proper place for the crematory
is in conjunction with the cemetery. In my
opinion if cemeteries were equipped with
crematories, it would lie unnecessary for
the adherents of cremation to make an
effort to establish independent companies,
nor would these companies find encourage-
ment to engage in a business which in gen-
eral they promote primarily for pecuniary
purposes. Let cremation be favored and
advocated by the management of cemeteries
and let them make provision for its prac-
tice, together with the recommendation that
the cremated remains he interred with the
same formalities and reverent care as is
now customary in earth burial, and 1 pre-
dict that cremation will soon become gen-
eral as a manifestly proper and commend-
able measure preparatory to consigning the
remains to their final resting place.

It would be impracticable and quite un-
necessary for every cemetery to have a cre-
matory. The demand at present, except in
the more populous communities, would not
warrant the investment and subsequent ex-
pense, but I am persuaded that all the
larger cemeteries might advantageously in-
stall crematories, not simply as a matter of
policy for convenience sake but in reason-
able hope that it would yield a substantial
profit. While it is true that the crematory
has not in all instances proved a profitable
investment, some of them, including a few
in cemeteries in or near the largest cities,
have been quite successful financially.

In this connection we are confronted with
the query whether the management of the
cemetery operating a crematory may con-
sistently and without prejudice adopt some
means of giving publicity to the institution,
conveying such information as may be con-
sidered helpful in disseminating knowledge
of cremation, its aims and achievements.
At one time and until recent years I was
not in favor of promoting cremation in a
manner which might be construed as adver-
tising, regarding that as undignified and too

PARK AND CEM ETER Y.

suggestive of commercialism and mercenary
motives : but a large and more mature ex-
perience and a more intelligent and com-
prehensive study of the principles of crema-
tion have modified and clarified my ideas so
that I now believe it is not only proper but
is in a sense the duty of operators of cre-
matories to advise and enlighten the public
and to a reasonalile degree adopt publicity
methods tending to promote an interest in
the system and practice of cremation.

It is not my purpose in this article to dis-
cuss the process of incineration or the
methods by which it is accomplished except
very briefly for general information to those
who have had little or no opportunity to ac-
quire knowledge regarding modern systems
of cremation.

There are at the present time several
types of cremators in operation. These
may be classified in two distinct groups,
one in which the incinerating chamber or
retort is heated externally, coal or coke be-
ing the fuel used ; the other being heated
internally by the gases of coal, coke or
wood generated in a separate fire or fur-
nace and conducted into the retort. In this
type, too, illuminating gas or petroleum are
used, the burners playing directl}- into the
retort. Electricity has also been tried, but
that sc’stem is still in the experimental
stages and not yet satisfactory The exter-
nally heated retort, although accomplishing
incineration efficiently, is relatively slow and
has several objectionalfle features, princi-
pal of which is the long time required in
pre-heating and the unavoidable red glow
of the retort when the door is opened to
admit the body. For these and other less
important reasons this system has now been
almost entireh' superseded by the internally
heated type, oil or gas l)urners being now
generally adopted. .As to the relative mer-
its of oil or illuminating gas, I lielieve that
the one is practically as efficient as the other
if used in the design of retort to which
each is best adapted. This type of incin-
erator is very convenient, compact and eco-
nomical.

There are now several styles or designs
of internally heated incinerators equipped
with oil or gas burners, each generally
looked upon liy its designer as the best yet
devised. All may lie said to be meritorious
in some degree, although not equally effi-
cient. Without discussing the respective
merits of the different types, I will briefly
suggest that before making a selection,
careful investigation and consideration
should be given the several systems, so that
one may judge and determine for himself
the one he considers best adapted for his
location and purpose.

To appeal to the public, promote an in-
terest in cremation and insure success I
deem it important that a crematory build-
ing in all its aspects and appointments
should be attractive in its architecture, con-
venient in its interior arrangements, and
pleasing in its furnishings and decorations.
There should be nothing about the cre-

215

mator suggestive of the ordinary retort or
furnace It should lie simple in appearance,
and capable of incinerating a body in the
casket and reducing it to its simple elements
in the shortest time possible and with such
perfect combustion that not a trace of
smoke or suggestion of odor is perceptible
throughout the entire operation, leaving no
residuum other than pure white bone ash.
That such results are attainable is demon-
strable in more than one type of the modern
crematory. .A very important matter of
peculiar interest to the management of
cemeteries, which I desire to discuss briefly
before closing this article, is the question of
how to properly dispose of the ashes of the
body.

In approaching this subject I will briefly
review the attitude of the cremationist
towards the cemetery, and his theories and
recommendations regarding the disposition
of the ashes.

The more ardent adherent of cremation
not only regards earth burial as pernicious
but he usually looks upon the cemetery as
an unwarranted waste of land that should
be availalile for economic purposes. He is
apt in his zeal, as is frequently the case in
the infancy of great reforms, to carry his
ideas to extremes. He would abolish the
cemeter\- without distinction, even the most
modern with its hallowed associations, sa-
cred precincts, its sylvan beauty and charm-
ing landscape, its handsome trees, shrulis
and beautiful flowers, wholly unmindful of
the restful, cheering and consoling influ-
ences of these environments. Xay, more,
he reminds us that Nature is economical
and most exacting in demanding ol)edience
to her laws, which are immutable and de-
cree that nothing shall he wasted or misap-
plied, and as Nature has supplied all the
elements constituting the human liody, they
must be returned to their original sources
sooner or later. Therefore, says this zeal-
ous cremationist, the ashes must be con-
signed to the earth as soon after death and
as directly as possible ; but since the ceme-
tery is condemned by him and must he
abandoned, there is but one disposition to
make of the ashes and that is, to use a
popular phrase, “scatter them to the four
winds," and in so doing pay our just debt to
Nature, a simple process and perhaps in
accordance with scientific principles, yet to
the minds of the great majorit}- of intelli-
gent and progressive people, an inconceiv-
able and unwarranted procedure, surely
detrimental to sentiment, that strong bul-
wark of civilization.

While I am in full accord with the princi-
ples of cremation, I still believe that we
should cherish respect for the ashes of
those we revered and loved, even though
they are but the mineral rtsiduum of the
body and as such the natural property of
the earth, to which they should be returned,
but in so doing why should we violate the
natural instincts of human nature, or cease
to cultivate the elevating and civilizing in-
fluences of sentiment by carelessly scatter-
ing the ashes broadcast rather than give

PARK AND C 11 M ET ERY

2\()

lliem decent, respectful burial in a definite-
1} known grave? V\'hat more appropriate,
more reverent, more Ireautiful and more
permanent disposition could Ire made of the
dust and ashes of our dead than interment
in the grave or family lot in the cemetery,
the spot being definitely known and perhaps
marked, not garishly Init by some simple
memorial, unobtrusive tombstone, or beau-
tiful, artistic monument.

All adherents of cremation, howe\'er, are
not alike radical in their ideas or regard-
less of that sentiment which would do rev-
erence to the ashes. Many of them, gov-
erned by the same sentiments which have
prompted so many generations to venerate
the liodies of their loved ones, would rev-
erently gather the ashes into presumably
imperishable receptacles and as convenience
or sentiment ma\' dictate, deposit them tem-
porarily in the home or safety deposit vault
or permanently in the supposedly inde-
structible columbarium.

Hut to me it is very gratifying to observe,
judging from our experience in Forest
Home and the opinions frequently ex-
pressed. that a large and, 1 believe, an ever-
increasing numlier of people, who approve
of cremation, countenance no other dispo-
sition of the ashes than interment in the
grave within the confines of the cemetery.

Scenic

One of the finest and most progressive of
the many attractions of the highly devel-
oped park system of Minneapolis is the
scenic pathway or trail recently constructed
in Glenwood Park. It has resulted in stim-

According to our records uO per cent of the
ashes of bodies incinerated in our crema-
tory have Ijeen buried.

Cremation will no doubt be ultimately
adopted by . the whole civilized world.
Science has demonstrated its necessity and
practicability as the primary step in the dis-
position of the dead. Customs and senti-
ments must therefore be adjr.sted to har-
monize with the principles of this great re-
form.

The original function of cemeteries will,
in course of time, become obsolete, but in
my opinion only in part. The earth will no
longer be required to enshroud the body
during the process of dissolution, but to it
as designed l)y Xature will be consigned
the purified elements of the liody which
were originally earthy, but not, 1 hope,
without reverence and respect. It will be
an evil day for mankind if sentiment should
cease to regard the final resting places of
loved ones as sacred. It is inconceivable
that the cemetery should be utterly abol-
ished, although we admit that it will be un-
necessary to devote large areas to burial
purposes when cremation becomes general.
The scientist can have no valid objection
then to the presence of the cemetery. The
economist may object on the hypothesis
that it is a sacrifice of valuable land, but

ulating interest in the simplest and finest of
outdoor recreations, walking, and presented
the scenic attractions of the park in an un-
usually attractive manner.

The scenic path in Cdenwood Park ex-

wdth no more reason than he might advance
for the abandonment of the park, public
square or playground. The cemetery is not
a place of recreation, but it is a beautiful
place of retreat for meditation and consola- ]
tion, a place sacred in memory, a place of
peculiar historical interest, to be enjoyed by
generation after generation for ages to
come.

Let us encourage and support cremation
by acknowdedging its principles and provid-
ing crematories for its practice, but let us
admonish cremationists to pay due regard
to ti e ashes, giving them respectful burial,
preferably' in tlie grave rather than in struc-
tures of perishable material, which how'ever
well constructed must inevitably, in due j
course of time, go to ruin to be disposed of
wdth their contents in the manner future
generations may' consider proper or find
convenient, a contingency how'ever remote
not agreeable to contemplate.

Such is my conception of the relationship i
of the crematory and cemetery, the one an
essential means of resolving the component
parts of the material body into their native
elements, the other the proper place to de-
posit the ashes in accordance with the laws
of Nature and the instincts and sentiments
of mankind — in short, the one the comple-
ment of the other.

Park

tends from Superior Boulevard to Western
Avenue. Beginning near the southeast cor-
ner of the park on Superior Boulevard, the i
path winds in a northerly direction through
the groves and over the hills, descends into

Pathway in Minneapolis

PARK AND C EM ET ER Y

217

LOOKING OVER THE CITY FROM A HIGH POINT ON THE
SCENIC PATH AT GLENV.'OOD PARK, MINNEAPOLIS.

the valleys and climbs hills again, and in its
winding course ofifers an endless variety of
glimpses through the glens, groves, and
woodland meadows. From a promontory
one obtains a magnificent \iew over the
nearby city, and from another a bird’s-eye
view of Glenwood Lake and the hills and
country to the north.

After the path reaches the spring at the
foot of the north slope, it branches out
in three directions ; one leading through
the north end of the wild garden to the
old spring near the parkway, another across

the meadow toward the new bathing beach,
while the third, climbing more hills, ends
at the car terminal on Western Avenue.

This path is very rich in picturesque nat-
ural park scenes, has been a revelation to
every visitor, and is one of the most popu-
lar features of the park system. The path
is eight feet in width and sixty-three hun-
dred and forty feet in length. It follow’s
the natural contour of the land, and the
liase consists of the natural soil, on which
was laid and rolled a single la3'er of one
inch washed gravel. A coat of tarvia was

then applied, at the rate of about one and
one-half gallons to the square yard, on w'hich
a liberal covering of washed pea gravel was
immediately spread. The hand roller was
then used and a splendid finished surface
was the result. The almost neutral color
of the gravel blends harmoliiously with the
natural colors of the surroundings. This
method of construction wdll prevent w'ash-
outs and the growing of weeds, and will re-
duce the cost of maintenance to a minimum.
The paths are ver_\- pleasant to walk on,
and they wdll undoubtedh’ last a number of
years wdthout repairs.

The Pricing of Cemetery Lots

Address Before the Barre Convention of the A. A. C. S. by
VV. N. Rudd, President Mt. Greenwood Cemetery, Chieago

The natural tendency of our work car-
ried through a long period of years is to
get us into a rut and to induce us to work
along the lines of least resistance — to keep
on doing things in a certain way because
they have been done that w'ay for a long
time. Oftentimes certain methods are
adopted, not because careful consideration
shows them to be the best methods, but
because they are the easiest.

One of the most striking examples of
this old method, or perhaps better, this
entire lack of method, is the question of
the pricing of cemetery lots. An arbitrary-
price was fixed per square foot for all the
lots in a certain section and they were sold
at this price, regardless of desirability and
regardless of size. Possibly a higher price
was fixed on the lots fronting the drives

I

than on inside lots, but that was about as
lar as it went.

We then had the spectacle of the sales-
man traveling around the cemetery with a
bundle of plats or a big bound book of
them generally’ drawn to a forty-foot scale,
a pad of paper and pencil and going
through a mathematical calculation before
answering any of the questions of the
buyer.

The writer for years tramped the
grounds of his cemetery, his personality
decorated and loaded down in this way
and very' nearly acquired mental strabismus
trying to keep his customer's attention
and interest while pawing over his plats,
holding them against the wind, protecting
them from rain, doing his little sum in
arithm.etic and pointing out the advantages

of the lot and of the cemetery at one and
the same time. The customer was quite
generally looking over his shoulder, ask-
ing to be shown some other lot on the
plat and disregarding the one laboriously^
figured out as to price and the one which
the salesman was particularly anxious to
show him.

Mistakes in prices were frequent and it
became evident that these crude methods
veere costing unduly in money, in time and
in general effect.

The plan here suggested involves the
pricing and listing of each lot on sale
separately. It may look like a big job
to undertake, but I am sure no one who
once tries the condensed book price list
which can be conveniently slipped into the
pocket and kept there most of the time.

2i8

PARK AND CEMETERY.

and yet be immediately available for quick
reference, will ever go back to the old

Vv'ay.

I have here an old price book in use
by us some years back which we have n jt
been able to materially better in recent
revisions, and it will give an idea of what
can he done in this way. Very likely there
is no one of you who cannot improve on
the details, but I am quite sure the general
idea is good.

In pricing cemetery lots one readily sees
and admits that one lot in a section may
easily be perhaps 50 per cent more desir-
able than another. This is proved under
the old plan where all prices were alike,
by the fact that all the more desirable lots
were sold early and the sales of the last
half of the section were of almost uni-
formly undesirable lots. So there can be
no argument against arranging prices ac-
cording to the desirability of the lot and
trying to equalize them so that each buyer
secures a lot proportionate in desirability
to the money he invests. There is, how-
ever, another factor which enters at this
point and a very important one ; that is,
the factor of overhead costs. This expres-
sion has been used so much of late in ttie
popular magazines in exploiting tnis so-
called new discovery of scientific manage-
ment which is really no new thing at all.
but which is just as old as management is
old itself, that one almost hesitates to use
it. By overhead costs in this connection
we mean the cost of superintendence, of
management, of office work and the like,
as distinguished from those costs like cut-
ting the grass, raking, cleaning, and other
similar items which can be charged di-
rectly to the individual lot if necessary.

We have, then, in approaching the ques-
tion of the proper pricing of cemetery lots
these matters to consider : First, the ad-
justment of prices equitably lot by lot,
according to the desirability of the loca-
tion and of the privileges accorded. Sec-
ond, the prorating of the overhead costs
or charges so that each lot will bear its
proper proportion of such overhead costs.

We all know that in time and trouble
it costs as much to sell the ordinary $100
lot as it does to sell the $600 one, and
often more. In office work, booking the
sale, indexing, platting, recording, etc., the
cost is the same. If the lot is sold on
payments the cost of finishing the trans-
action and collecting the account is quite
often greater for the small lot than the

larger one. In subsequent cost during a
period of years, that is, in answering in-
quiries, giving information and investigat-
ing complaints, the expense connected with
the small lot is fully as great and, I am
inclined to think on the average, greater
than w'ith the larger one. We estimate
that the minimum expense connected with
leceiving and booking a complaint, investi-
gating the same and writing to the lot
owner, omitting altogether the actual cost
of repairing damages, should the complaint
be well founded, is fifty cents or more.
We receive more complaints from the
small lot owners than from the owners of
large lots.

It thus becomes evident that the pur-
chaser of a large lot at the same price per
square foot as against the smaller buyer
is either paying too much or the smaller
buyer is not paying enough. Our problem,
then, is, first, to determine a minimum
price for a group of lots which will be
equitable and right in proportion to the
desirability of the location, and second,
to so adjust prices according to size that
each buyer shall pay his equitable share
of these overhead expenses.

Our plan is to carefully study each sec-
tion, block off together such lots as from
their location and advantages are equally
desirable, and fix a minimum price per
square foot for each block or group, which
we call a basis price. This done, it only
remains to apply the following schedule to
the individual lots in each group, the
subsequent work becoming merely routine
office work and, if done and properly
checked, we have a set of prices which
vary uniformly on a definite basis and can
be safely compared, one with the other.
SCHEDULE FOR PRICING CEMETERY
LOTS.

TWO GRAVES.

Minimum 54 ft. Maximum 70 ft. Balance over
maximum at Basis Price. Increase Basis Price
lio per cent. Find price of lot as above. Then
add for F'ront Lots $5.00. F'or Corner Lots
per cent.

THREE GRAVES.

Minimum 76 ft. Maximum 100 ft. Balance at
Basis Price. Increa.se Basis Price 20 per cent.
Then add $5.00 for Front Lots. Add IV2 per
cent for Corner Ix)ts.

FOUR GRAVES.

Minimum 102 ft. Maximum 140 ft. Balance
at Basis Price. Increase Basis Price 16% per
cent. Then add $5.iMi for Front Lots. Add 7%
per cent for Corner Lots.

FIVE GRAVES.

Minimum 127 ft. Maximum 175 ft. Balance
at Basis Price. Increase Basis Price 12% per
cent. Then add $5.00 for Front Lots. Add 7%
per cent for Corner Lots.

SIX GRAVES.

Minimum 15.1 ft. Maximum 205 ft. Balance

at Basis Price. Increase Basis Price 8% per cent.
Then add for Monument Lots 7% per cent. Add
7% per cent for Corner Lots.

SEVEN GRAVES.

Minimum 178 ft. Maximum 230 ft. Balance
at Basis Price. Increase Basis Price 4 1-6 per
cent. Then add for Monument Lots 7% per cent.
Add 7% per cent for Corner Lots.

EIGHT GRAVES.

Basis I’rice. No maximum or minimum. In-
crease Basis Price 2 per cent. Then add for
Monument Lots 7y2 per cent. Add 7% per cent
for Corner Lot*.

LOTS OF OVER EIGHT GRAVES.

Basis Price (no increase). Add for Corner Lots
7% per cent. No increase for Monument Lots.

Increase on Basis Price not uniform by reason
of special conditions and competition of Select
Single Graves with the smaller lots.

NOTES.

We have no monument lots under seven graves
in capacity, hence, no addition provided for monu-
ment lots among the smaller ones.

The reason for advancing prices on monument
lots Is that — First, the erection of a monument on
a lot materially increases the cost of cutting and
trimming the grass and, second, the increase of
the i)rice on the smaller lots tends to discofirage
the common practice of buying too small a lot
in order to save money for a showier monument.

We occasionally divide lots into three or four
small fractions, in which event there are some
that do not front on the walk and others that do.
This will explain the terms — inside and outside
lots. No lots of six-grave capacity or more are
laid out as inside lots.

EXPLANATION.

The following examples will show how the
schedule is applied in practice;

EXAMPLE NO. 1.

Price on outside corner three-grave lot, area
70 square feet, in a section where the basis price

Is $1.00 per square foot:

76 sq. ft. at $1.00 $76.00

20 per cent increase 15.20

$91.20

7% per cent added for corner lot 6.84

Added for front lot 5.00

$103.04

Price (omit cents less than .50) $103.00

EXAMPLE NO. 2.

Price on Inside lour grave corner lot, area 165
square feet — basis price $1.00:

Maximum 140 sq. ft. at $1.00 $140.00

Increase 16% per cent (1-6) 23.34

25 excess feet at $1.00 25.00

$188.. 34

Add 7% per cent for corner lot 14.12

$202.46

Price (omit cents under ..50) $202.00

In submitting the above, the writer ad-
mits in advance that it is open to criti-
cism, that each of the various percentages
may fairly he considered too high or too
low according to the point of view of the
critic. He admits also that as here shown
it may not fit the other fellow’s proposi-
tion at all. All these items, however, are
easily subject to variation to fit individual
conditions, and I submit the plan as a
whole on the basis that it is a mighty poor
plan that is not far better than no plan at
all.

Some Shade Tree P e s t A

Address before the Barre Convention of the A. A. C. S. by Harold L. Bailey, As-
sistant to Commissioner of Agriculture of Vermont, in Charge of Insect Suppression.

Although from previous experience I
was aware that many cemetery superin-
tendents took an active interest in the pro-
tection of their shade trees, I was much
gratified and encouraged upon finding that
your Association took sufficient interest in

combating injurious insects and plant dis-
eases to allot valuable time on your pro-
gram for this subject.

We who are engaged in the work of
plant pest control find that the hardest part
of our battle is impressing upon the people

the importance of -the damage caused by
such pests if left unchecked and the tre-
mendous gains to be maide by intelligent
measures of control.

Naturally in a paper of this sort time
will not permit me to treat in detail even

those insects or diseases which are of
prime importance to the shade trees ; but I
v.'ill try to condense in workable form
those points connected with the subject
which will be of most practical value. In
other words a first aid treatise.

Highly essential for carrying on a suc-
cessful combat against insect pests is
some knowledge and familiarity with the
writings along that line.

Those of you who have had experience
with entomological literature know of the
rather chaotic condition in which it at
present stands, due to the immensity of the
subject and to the comparatively short
length of time in which it has been seri-
ously treated.

I do not know of any one comprehensive
book to be found upon the market con-
fined to general control of shade tree in-
sects. There is, however, a most valuable
work written by Dr. E. P. Felt, state en-
tomologist of New York, and published by
the New York State Museum, entitled “In-
sects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees.’’
All people in charge of shade or forest
trees should have access to these two vol-
umes.

In general the most valuable literature
upon insect control has been published by
the federal government or by the various
state governments. Everyone in charge
of trees, if he has not already done so,
should secure through his congressman
all available publications of the U. S. Bu-
reau of Entomology relating to shade tree
insects, and he should also ask his state
experiment station and state department
of agriculture to furnish him with its bul-
letins and reports along this line of work.
The annual Year Book of the United
States Department of Agriculture often
contains valuable information on insects
and plant diseases and is well worth your
attention.

Now, in considering the insects with
which we have to deal, from a practical
standpoint, we may divide them into three
groups ; those which eat the leaves by
chewing, those which suck the juice from
foliage or bark, and those which work
within the bark or wood by boring. These
three classes require three general methods
of treatment.

Insects of the first group generally at-
tract the most attention. They, for the
most part, offer the most practical oppor-
tunity for insect suppression and are,
therefore, prime objects of attack. Prom-
inent in this group, in the New England
States, are the gypsy and brown-tail moths,
both importations from Europe which by
coincidence made their entrance at nearly
the same point in eastern Massachusetts.
Owing to lack of natural enemies, by'
which insects in their native elements are
generally held within reasonable control,
these two species have spread and increased
amazingly, since their introduction. The
gypsy moth is the more dangerous of the
two species.

The elm leaf beetle, another Imported

PARK AND CEMETERY

pest of longer standing, is a devourer of
the foliage and a pest of prime importance
in the East ; the canker worm, both fall
and spring, the forest tent caterpillars, the
several species of tussock moths, numerous
kinds of saw fly larvae and, at present, the
yellow necked caterpillars all are prom-
inent members of the leaf eating society.
There are hundreds of other species gen-
erally of minor importance which take
their toll from the foliage of trees in our
parks and cemeteries. But, and here is the
all important point, all which work in this
way, all which bite out little pieces of the
leaves, chew and swallow them have the
so-called chewing mouth parts. You can
see their jaws in operation if you watch
carefully, and it is worth your while to
note the type. It is for these that our
chemists have devised poison sprays which
are now reaching a perfection that would
have made Caesar Borgia envious.

In other words arsenate of lead, arsenate
of lime, Paris green and other arsenical
poisons sprayed upon the foliage destroy
the biting insects because it is taken di-
rectly, and in quantity, into their systems.
For such insects, therefore, every cemetery
with a reasonable number of shade trees
should own, or at least have the use of, a
power spraying machine. The leaves
should be sprayed directly after they have
become of fair size, and wherever any of
the aforementioned insects are plentiful
they should again be sprayed two or three
weeks later. In the case of the elm leaf
beetle the second spray should be directed
against the under sides of the leaves since
the larvae of the beetles which really do
the most damage feed from that surface.
Two such sprayings, or in exceptional
cases, three, usually afford sufficient pro-
tection, but it is always well to carry out
certain supplementary, or, we may say,
preliminary, measures effective against this
class of insects. Some of them, such as
the gypsy moth, deposit their eggs on the
tree trunks or the twigs in summer, and
these egg masses remain there throughout
the winter. It is, therefore, very much
worth while to inspect the trees for such
eggs and rempve them before they have
opportunity to hatch. Gypsy moth and
tussock moth egg masses, specimens of
which I have in this case, may be killed by
painting with creasote. Such treatment is
considered preferable to removal since it
precludes the possibility of scattering some
of the eggs on the ground. Tent caterpillar
eggs may be removed by means of a pole
clipper or primer as can also the nests of
the brown-tail moths in which the little
larvae hibernate.

Another measure of value consists of
banding tree trunks with tanglefoot to
keep down caterpillars which have crawled
from neighboring' premises or have
dropped from the same tree tops. Such
bands are of particular service in cases of
canker worm infestations. The adults of
these inch or measuring worms are wing-
less moths, and since pupation takes place

219

in the ground, the females necessarily crawl
up the trunks to deposit eggs. I have seen
thousands caught in a few tanglefoot
bands. For the so-called fall species bands
should be applied early in October ; for
the spring species the work should be done
late in March.

But these methods are of no avail
against insects of the second class: the
sucking varieties .wliich include, prnemi-
nently, scale insects and aphis. The former
of these are, on the whole, of much less
importance to the shade trees than to the
fruit trees, though the mountain ash is
very susceptible to attack by Putnam as
well as by San Jose scale, and the oyster
shell scale may be found encrusting the
bark of the maple, polar and many other
varieties. A close relative of the San
Jose scale severely attacks bass and there
are several species found on the oak, elm,
etc. For these the treatment is spraying,
but spraying with a material which kills
the insect by outside contact. Their mouth-
parts are drawn into sucking apparata by
which they draw the juices from the bark.
Scale insects derive their appellation from
the fact that their minute bodies are pro-
tected upon the bark by waxy scalelike
coverings.

Lime-sulphur, which may be procured in
commercial solutions, or miscible oil, which
is purchasable under various trade names,
is the proper spray material for these in-
sects and it should be applied when the
trees are dormant since the material will
injure foliage. In such spraying every
particle of bark must be covered with
spray in order to make the work effective.

The aphis, plant lice, which seem to be
coming more and more into evidence each
year, are among the most difficult to handle
of our economic insects. There are many
species, some of which require two differ-
ent host plants, and it is probable that there
is still much to learn concerning their life
histories and development. Their char-
acteristic work is generally well known,
however, for since their sucking of the leaf
juices is almost invariably done from the
under side the attacked foliage naturally
curies inward, and in some cases, as that
of the elm woolly aphis, veritable rosettes
of leaves are formed. Certain species, as
for instance, the alder woolly aphis, cluster
upon the bark from which they draw their
nutriment. Aphis are best controlled by
spraying with a nicotine solution such as
black leaf No. 40, but this must be done
in such a way as to bring the material in
contact with the insects. It must come to
them for they will not come to it, as in the
case of the chewing insects to their poison.

The control of boring insects, our third
group, involves a more general set of prin-
cipals than does that of the other groups,
for when the work of a borer becomes evi-
dent there is generally no cure for the im-
mediate part of the tree in which it is
located, and the insect’s death is of pri-
mary importance only in preventing repro-
duction. A point in hand is the case of the

220

P A R K AND CEMETERY

little twig girdler which cuts of¥ sizable
twigs from the oaks and maples. The first
announcement of its presence consists of a
fallen twig. The girdler, a whitish larva,
is in this twig and his own work of de-
struction is completed. If, however, the
fallen twigs are allowed to remain about
the larvae in them develop into beetles,
come out of the twigs, and multiply the in-
festation for another year many fold. It
is a safe principle always to burn up in-
sect injured twigs or branches as quickly
as possible. The white pine weevil stands
as another illustration of the small boring
insects. One adult weevil deposits in the
spring many eggs in the topmost shoot or
leader of the white pine ; the eggs hatch
into larvae and in July or August the shoot
is killed by their work, resulting in a mis-
shapen tree. Watch your white pines in
midsummer, and cut such infested shoots
cleanly off an inch or two below the shriv-
eled point. Burn the severed tips im-
mediately, or, if you care to take the time,
put them in a tight box covered with a
fine screen which will retain the weevils
imt will allow their parasites to escape.

Larger borers are not so easily handled.
One of the most important and dangerous
so far as it has gone, is another importa-
tion from the old world, the leopold moth.
If you secure the insect publications from
Washington you will find a very' compre-
hensive bulletin devoted to this insect. The
treatment of such large borers which at-
tack the larger parts of the trees is, in gen-
eral, the same, and consists of first remov-
ing such infested parts as may be con-
veniently taken, the destroying of the bor-
ers in their burrows by means of wire or

knives, and, in some cases, the injection of
carlion bisulphide into the burrows which
are then plugged up with grafting wax.

The sugar maple borer, the locust borer
and the carpenter moth are important
shade tree pests.

Now, just a word as to another kind of
shade tree pest which also threatens some
of the best timber growth of the country,
not an insect, but a fungus disease known
as the white pine blister rust. In connec-
tion with some of the insects which I have
just mentioned you have noticed that they
originated in other countries. So also is
this menace to the five leaved pine .a pres-
ent from Germany to be treasured with the
rest of our affectionate manifestations
from that country. It was presumably
brought over on imported nursery pine
something like twenty years ago, and it
has now become scattered throughout New
England and a’ large part of New York.
In fact, recent investigations have proved
that extermination of the disease is im-
possible and that control can probably only
be effected so far as this section is con-
cerned in specified areas. Every effort is
being exerted, however, to prevent the
disease spreading into the great sugar pine
regions of the West, and there is much
hope of success. The principle of control
is perfectly simple. The fungus requires
two host plants ; the white, or other five
needled pine, and the currant or gooseberry-
plant. It cannot spread from pine to pine
without the currant or gooseberry. Elim-
inate the latter for a reasonable distance
about the pine and the disease is checked.
Practice, however, is another thing. The
necessary distance for eradication is yet

to be determined. People value their cur--
rants much higher when they come to part
with them than they have ever before
done, and the cost of the work, from a
practical standpoint, is rather high.

I urge you, however, on general prin-
ciples, to do away with all currant and
gooselierry plants if you have five-needled
pines m \'our cemeteries, and to use all
your influence to have owners destroy all
wild, cultivated or ornamental currant or
gooseberry plants in the vicinity.

To summarize, then, the points which I
have tried to present are these :

First of all, secure as much available
literature as possible, especially the bul-
letins of government and state depart-
ment.'i.

Classify your insects according to the
manner of their feeding and li\'ing.

For those which devour the leaves, first
destroy eggs and hibernating quarters and
band the tree trunks ; then spray with a
poison material, preferably arsenate of
lead or arsenate of lime.

For the sucking insects spray first for
the scale insects with lime-sulphur or
miscible oils before the buds open, and
spray for the aphis with nicotine solution
as soon as their appearance is noticeable.

For the borers, destroy infested parts
wherever possible, dig out or otherwise
kill the insects.

Above all, let me warn you in closing
that the same principle applies to trees
as to animal life, namely, that an un-
healthy or weakened body invites parasitic
attack. The well-pruned and fully nour-
i.shed tree is resistant to such attack.

The Probate Court and the Cemetery

Address Before the Barre Convention of Ceme-
tery Superintendents by Judge Frank J. Martin.

Some days ago, our venerable grave-
digger, Elanton, requested me to address
this convention, and the reason for his se-
lecting me, was his very strong desire to
have everything conform to the ancient
command. "Let the dead past bury its
dead,” and the subject assigned is no less
appropriate : “The Proliate Courts and

Cemetery Superintendents.” Truly, a dead
and dried subject for real live men to
consider; “Dead Men’s Courts and Dead
Men’s Guardians.”

The Probate Courts of this country were
born of the Ecclesiastical Courts of Eng-
land and were early established in this
country by the Legislative enactment of the
several states. The common law of Eng-
land is unknown in our Probate Courts,
therefore, in order to have any clear idea
of the jurisdiction, powers and relation-
ship of those Courts, it is necessary to
have a clear idea of the statute laws
establishing and giving jurisdiction to
Probate Courts in the various states, a

discussion of which is plainly impossible in
the short time allotted me for the con-
sideration of this subject, for which reason,
I am sure you will pardon me for making
reference only to laws of our own State
of Vermont, which has been made famous
by its men, women and tombstones, and
now, by the cemetery superintendents.

The duties of Probate Courts in this
State are many and various, but the pri-
mary object and duty of all such courts
is the devolution of the property of de-
ceased persons.

The pastor ministers to the soul and
comforts the mourners, the friends, assist-
ed by the undertaker, dispose of the per-
sonal remains, and the Probate Courts dis-
tribute the property of the deceased,
among the living, in accordance with the
law of the state in which the deceased re-
sided at the time of his death, or in which
his property was situate, and this is the last
act in the great drama of life. All of the
rest, residue and remainder consist of a

memory which in most communities has
been by law decreed to cemetery superin-
tendents, in trust, to so care for and em-
bellish the sacred and consecrated ground,
that that memory shall forever remain
green, in the minds and hearts of posterity.
We cherish the memory of our fore-
fathers and most of us glory and boast of
our puritan ancestry, but we are silent and
in wonderment when we learn that from
1777, when the people of this most glor-
ious, most beautiful and only independent
state ever admitted into the Union, first
organized civil government, to 1854, ljurial
grounds, now called cemeteries, were al-
lowed to be used as common pasturage for
the beasts of the field, for in that year
the Legislature imposed a fine of twenty-
five dollars on any person who should
knowingly turn any horse, cattle, sheep or
swine, into any burying ground laid out
for the purpose of interring the dead, or
who should knowingly suffer the same to
run in any bur^dng ground which is prop-

PARK AND CEMETERY

221

erly enclosed. Not until 18(13 did the rep-
resentatives of the people see fit to exempt
burial lots for the dead, from taxa-
tion and attachment, and not until 187(1,
long after the Civil War. did they, by
enactment, exempt from attachment, monu-
ments erected to the memory of the dead,
and forbid the laying of highways and
railroads through cemeteries, without the
consent of the association or general as-
sembly; however, it appears that the puri-
tan conscience of the wise ones received a
flickering of light as early as L8(i3, wdien
the Legislature passed an act providing
that proceeds of the sale of l)urial lots were
to be kept separate from general funds
and devoted to keeping in order, improving
and embellishing such burial grounds.
This was the year that towns were author-
ized to elect commissioners to have charge
of the burial grounds, and when they
authorized towns or its trustees to take and
hold grants, gifts and bequests for the im-
provement of burial grounds. Notwith-
standing this privilege, one is led to l^elieve
that the grants and gifts were not many,
and those who bequeathed for that object,
failed to have their last will and testa-
ment probated, for the generous and pub-
lic spirited Legislature of 1882 passed a
law that provided that when a cemetery
for any cause, became unsightly, the select-
men should, on written request of any
three taxpayers of such town, and within
ten days from the time of such request,
cause the weeds or grass to be cut, head-
stones or monuments to be replaced, or
other disfigurements removed, and may-
draw orders on the town treasurer for
the expenses incurred ; hut the amount
drawn from the treasury of a town for
such purpose in any year, shall not exceed
fifty dollars. And a penalty- of ten dol-
lars was imposed on selectmen refusing
to perform this duty. (I ask you, gentle-
men of experience, to consider taking a
contract under the provisions of this law-.)

This Act of 1882 opened the way, twelve
years later, for the Legislature to pass an
Act, authorizing towns, by vote, to receive
and hold money, in trust, for the perpetual
care of private burial lots in cemeteries
or elsewhere. This law was strongly op-
posed in many towns, and some have not
yet conformed to its provisions. While
Probate Courts have been authorized since
1884, to decline to make distribution to
the heirs of a deceased person until suit-
able gravestones have been erected at the
grave of such deceased ; and in the settle-
ment of insolvent estates, since 1!)(I4, execu-
tors and administrators have been required
to pay the expenses of erecting a marker
or headstone at the gra\ e of the deceased,
not to exceed twenty-five dollars, if so
ordered and allowed by the judge of pro-
bate, it was not until 1912, that probate
courts w-ere authorized to set aside an
amount not to exceed $2(1(1.09 from the
funds of an estate for the perpetual care
of the burial lot of a deceased person,
since wdiich date, w-e have seen a marked
improvement in the care of cemeteries in
this state.

We are told that confession is good for
the soul, therefore, we confess that there
are some few drawbacks about Vermont,
as was said by Vermont's Great Comedian,
"The sleighing gets mighty poor up here
along toward the latter part of August.”
,\nd following Nature’s example, it is no
wonder that our legislature has been a lit-
tle backward in providing for the care of
our cemeteries but Vermont is not alone
in this respect, for I have seen as neg-
lected cemeteries in states of warmer cli-
mate : and now, having set our hand to
the work, the improvement is bound to in-
crease as the years go by. Sentiment is
being created for further aid by cities and
towns and most of our cemeteries are in
the hands of competent superintendents,
among whom, our own "HANTON,” is a
leader, and further progress is assured.

We honor you, gentlemen, who are hon-
estly striving to emliellish and make more
beautiful, the last resting places of our
loved ones. Your work is of the most hon-
orable, and 1 assure you that the Pro-
bate Courts, so far as their jurisdiction
permits, heartily join hands with you in
your noble work, which tends to develop
the high, the noble, the spiritual. We live
on in this world of struggle and rest, of
work and pleasure, of hate and love, of
war and peace, and at last the moulded
dust is crumbled and would be blown and
scattered to the four winds and soon no
more. .Memory of our human form would
not linger in the minds of the living, were
it not for the protection and tender care of
our cemetery superintendents. There is
no picture we have seen, no landscape
viewed, which has drawn us nearer to
our spiritual ideal than that of a well kept
cemetery. We may erect the most beau-
tiful monument of the most durable gran-
ite, hut if that monument is left to be cov-
ered with weeds and bushes, nourished and
fertilized by the earthly remains of those
we called our beloved, that monument l)e-
comes a hollow- mockery and stands only as
a monument to the fickleness of pur devo-
tion.

Whatever our creed, whatever our belief,
we all have a longing for the beautiful,
and the same desire that a .beautiful spot
he selected for our last, long rest, that
called forth one of the last recorded ex-
jtressions of the great Omar Khayyam :

“My tomb shall be in a spot where the
north wind may scatter roses over it."

And again :

"I sometimes think, that never blows so
red

The roses as where some buried Caesar
bled ;

That every Hyacinth the garden wears,
Hropt in her lap from some once lovel\-
head."

Co-operation of Cemetery and Monument Dealer

Address before the Ontario Granite and Marble Dealers'

Association by Arthur H. Sharpe, Landscape Engineer.

One of your members recently remarked
to me, in speaking of the Cemeteries in sev-
eral districts; “If one wants to judge the
citizens of a community he should study
the Cemetery.” That single sentence con-
tained more truth than whole pages w-hich
have been written upon cemetery organiza-
tion and allied trades. Much has been
learned through the study of burial sites,
both Ancient and Modern.

Archeologists in studying the nations
long dead, laboriously excavate among their
places of internment and from the dis-
closures of these, correct information of
the modes of life, the government, art,
science, religion, and occupations of the ex-
tinct nations is secured. Myers writes of

the Egyptians : "The monuments of Kar-
nack, built during the reign of the Rameses,
137(1 B. C., reveal the orders of society to
include, among others, sacred sculptors,
masons, and embalmers. The)- believed
that after having spent three thousand
years with Osiris, a deity of first impor-
tance, they would return to earth and re-
animate the former body. Hence little
care was bestowed upon the temporary resi-
dence of the living but the ‘Eternal Homes
of the Dead’ were fitted up lavishly. The
tombs w-ere usually cut in the limestone
cliffs of the western rim of the Nile Valley.
The sculpture and painting of these tombs
usually portrayed the occupation of the
deceased."

Another form of internment of which
more has been w-ritten is typified by the
pyramids, the burial monuments of the
rulers of this same nation. Myers has also
given us a good description of these in the
following ; “The simple and durable char-
acter of pyramidal structures led to the
adoption of this type of memorial by prim-
itive builders in all parts of the world —
Mexico, China, India, Chaldea — but the
enormous structures of this nature still
standing in the Nile Valley far surpass all
other edifices of the same kind, and are the
most wonderful and venerable monuments
that have been preserved to us from the
early races. They date from the fourth
Dynasty (about 2700 B. C.), and mark not

222

the beginning but the perfection of Egyp-
tian art. Of the sixty-seven different pyra-
midal monuments, the largest, the Pyra-
mid of Cheops, rises from a base covering
thirteen acres, to a height of four hundred
and eighty feet. Cheops, the builder, em-
ployed one hundred thousand men for
twenty years in its erection, ten years pre-
paratory work had been expended upon
the great causeway over which the stones
were dragged from the Nile. All the pyra-
mids were constructed of stone save three
or four, which were built of sun dried
brick. These latter have crumbled into vast
conical heaps like the mounds left bj- the
pyramid Temples of the Rabylons. After
the body had been placed within the pas-
sageway was closed by letting fall a port-
cullis of hard granite and all traces of the
entrance were obliterated by masonry. This
granite portcullis so effectually blocked the
way that modern explorers in seeking an
entrance are often forced to cut a tunnel
around the obstruction, through the soft
limestone. The Egyptian sculpture at first
found within these tombs was cut into the
rock surface, and still later it reached its
highest phase in having the rock chiseled
away, leaving the figure in bas-relief."

We might continue our study down
through the Greek and Roman Nations, the
Middle Ages, until we came to our present
era. It is true that the earlier forms of
memorials were confined to the work of tlie
architectural and monumental professions.
We should find that the tombs of Taj
Mahal and Edward the Confessor are but
the connecting links which lead to the ceme-
tery of this time, with the modern mauso-
leums, vaults, and monuments. The monu-
mental profession had its origin beyond the
reach of history, is encompassed with a
treasure lore of tradition, ennobled by the
devotion and ideals of its vast host of
workmen, and faithfull}- transmits to us
through its creation the true and complete
record of life in every century. This as-
sembly needs no further jurisdiction. We
may imagine the times when in this vast
number of years the men of your craft met,
just as you are meeting to-day, to discuss
the interests of this work. 1 congratulate
you, gentlemen, modern representatives of
a fraternity more ancient than the oldest
nations, exceeding in the continuity of its
service the years of Christianity and even
those of Eree Masonry, I congratulate you
upon your worthy ideals and unity of pur-
pose, as evidenced by this assembly.

Should we act on the advice of your as-
sociates and study the cemetery, not to
learn of the community particularly, but at
a slightly different angle, as befits our pres-
ent purpose, to gain an insight into the con-
ditions imposed upon the monument deal-
ers and the cemetery superintendents at the
present time, we would find that great ad-
vances have been made in the designing and
management of such grounds during the re-
cent years. Until about 1860 the intern-
ments were generally made in the yard im-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

mediately surrounding the church. At that
time, or just previously, it was found neces-
sary to remove the burial grounds from the
churchyard in order to avoid the conditions
imposed by a dense population. The first
rural cemetery on this continent, of v;»hich
1 have definite information, was established
at Boston, Massachusetts, in 18-31. This
was followed shortly by Laurel Hill at
Philadelphia, and in 1840 Greenwood Ceme-
tery was established at New York. In Can-
ada, Mt. Royal at Montreal and Mt. Pleas-
ant at Toronto, the latter established in
1876, are the oldest and wost worthy ex-
amples of the rural type.

With the cemetery located beyond the
confines of the town, it was possible to have
grounds of larger extent, varied topogra-
phy, and natural forestation. These fea-
tures provided the opportunity for greater
scope in design. The rolling surfaces of
the woodlands were recognized as definite
assets to the cemetery grounds, and as such
recpiired the services of the landscape archi-
tect to preserve and make of maximum
service.

The modern cemetery has been defined
as "An area of land dedicated to the in-
ternment of the dead, developed according
to the principles practised in landscape
architecture, safe-guarded by such rules as
will protect the unity and Ijeauty of such
landscape treatment, and having its busi-
ness conducted in accordance with modern
business methods." Thus we find that the
responsibility for modern development
starts with the natural state of the grounds,
is carried through the plans which are to
make the land adapted to the requirements
of a cemetery, to the maintenance of the
cemetery grounds, and is not satisfied un-
less the business of the organization is effi-
cient and thorough. 1 believe the term
“Memorial Park" should be used more ex-
tensively in cemetery nomenclature since it
conveys exactly the right impression of
modern burial areas.

Let us for a moment consider the prac-
tices of design as applied to the modern
cemetery or if you wish, the “Memorial
Park.” I have with me plans of Park Lawn
Cemetery, Toronto, prepared during the
past year and now under actual construc-
tion.

We first prepared a topographical plan
of the grounds, which showed the actual
conditions obtaining. This was affected by
staking the entire surface into 100-foot
squares, the latter being accurate to five
one-hundredths of a foot. From these
stake elevations were taken at fifty-foot in-
tervals as well as at the points of abrupt
changes of elevation. On this plan were
also located all trees of importance, desig-
nating their variety names, and diameter of
trunk, the outlines of wooded areas,
streams, bridges, buildings, existing road-
ways and the fences. This plan graphically
expressed the material with which we were
to work and represents the first step to

be undertaken in the proper planning of
every cemetery grounds.

The next step was to lay out the roads
which were to provide communication to
all parts of the property. The location of
these drives was ver}' carefully adapted to
the natural surface of the land, to avoid
steep grades on road profiles, and to secure
the best lawn surfaces with a minimum of
construction work. By following the de-
pressions of the more level parts of the
property in this location, the lawns could
readily be graded to the convex curves,
thus at all points the surface would be
higher than the surrounding driveways.

The lawns constructed in this way offer
best surface for shedding water, appear to
the eye of much larger extent and afford
the best settings for monuments. The roads
are so located that the maximum distance
between them is three hundred feet, which
secures a carry of one hundred and fifty
feet to the most removed lot, a condition
appreciated both in interments and the
erection of monuments. The roads are all
laid out on non-radial curves which afford
an ever-changing view point and introduce
a grace and freedom from restraint, mate-
rially enhancing, thereby, the park-like
character of the grounds. It may be inter-
esting to note that there is not a straight
line, either in road design or lawn surfaces,
on these grounds.

With the lawn areas determined by the
roads we next prepared the lot plan. In
this we place special importance upon the
vista points, such as road intersections and
the land immediately bordering the roads
by laying out extra large lots. The basic
size for all lots bordering the roads is
twenty by twenty feet and at road
intersections these are increased from
two to ten feet that area, our object
being to secure the best type of mon-
ument along the road and to pro-
vide an appropriate setting for such me-
morial. Immediately behind these lots we
designed an intermediate set whose basic
size is twelve by twelve feet, and which
front upon a path parallel to the road edge.
I may mention here that this size, twelve by
twelve, is the smallest area which should be
considered a standard lot, with monument
privileges, in any cemetery. It provides
four adult graves, two children’s graves,
reserves space for a monument, and is the
most economical size for cemetery pur-
poses. Owing to the requirements of the
cemetery law in this Province, it was neces-
sary to design the major part of the lots on
the basic size of eight by twelve feet, and
these were laid out on the usual gridiron
system. We allow a monument to be erect-
ed upon these, but same is prohibited upon
any area less than this.

We followed this planning through by
preparing a planting plan of the entire fifty
acres. On this we incorporated the exist-
ing trees as shown by the topographical
survey and added other trees and shrubs in
masses. Every tree was elected to its par-

ticiilar site because of harmony or contrast
with its neighbors, and characteristics of
growth, of leaves, soil requirements and
hardiness. Each shrub was chosen from
the long list available according to its soil
preference, height and characteristics of
growth, time and color of flower, and
foliage effects. We used them to frame
and terminate the view points and provide
the setting for monuments. Always, we
sought to complete the beautiful picture be-
gun in our road location and lawn surfaces.
I have no sympathy with the dismal, grief-
stricken appearance of the old graveyard.
Far greater credit to the community is the
sun-kissed greensward, where the heavy,
dull influence of evergreens has given place
to our majestic and graceful deciduous
trees, whose shimmering luxuriant summer
garb is rivaled, in winter, by the bare
tracery of branches that mocks the delicacy
of the finest laces. I would not plant a
weeping willow in a cemetery to-day,
neither would I consider a spruce tree as
worthy of other than very few places with-
in such grounds.

A lad}' came to Park Lawn recently to
select a lot for the interment of her
daughter, whose body was being brought
from Dawson City. We walked together
through the grounds viewing the different
locations until she had chosen. She lin-
gered for another hour and when about to
leave she said to me, “I have never taken
any interest in cemeteries and when this
visit was necessary I was loath to come. It
is all so very different than I had antici-
pated. You are making this a lovely place
to live in.” That was the attitude I sought
to create in visitors. We want a beautiful
park where people may come to meet the
memories of their departed, where the love-
liness and purity of nature banishes the
dread of the grave.

When the plans have been carried out in
construction of the grounds the cemetery is
turned over to the superintendent. Certain
rules are provided for the conduct of his
business which serve to protect the appear-
ance thus created. These refer to the con-
duct of visitors, the attention of lot owners
to their individual plots, the interment of
bodies and the erection of memorials. It is
the latter that affords the community of in-
terest and action between the superintend-
ent and the monument dealer.

The rules governing the erection of mon-
uments in general are related solely to the
durability and permanence of material, in
a meager way to the proportion of lot area
to that of the base, and the height on lot
fractions, also to the removal of litter and
protection of sod during process of erec-
tion. These points are universally recog-
nized and receive such careful attention
from the monument dealers that few in-
stances have come to my attention where
any contention has arisen with their en-
forcement.

The co-operation of which I am speaking
to-day covers a far different and more ad-

P ARK AND CEMETERY.

vanced activih' in cemetery operation. It
may be considered as related more inti-
mately to advanced cemetery design than
to maintenance.

We have seen how the modern cemetery
is created step by step and realize the de-
tails which must be successfully handled to
furnish the most beautiful grounds. One
of the major objects of such planning is to
give an individuality to each monument set-
ting. The next step and the final consider-
ation is to secure a monument adapted in
design to that particular site. This effort
marks the greatest advancement that has
been undertaken in monument or ceme-
tery designing. Rules are useless to affect
this: voluntar\- effort of the monument
dealers must meet voluntary effort of the
superintendent.

1 am asking the dealers not to close a
sale for a memorial to be erected in a ceme-
tery designed by me until he has visited the
site upon which the memorial is to be erect-
ed and becomes familiar with the condi-
tions obtaining. You may say that the pur-
chaser picks out the monument that suits
him and that it is no concern of yours
where or how it is placed. Do not make
that mistake. How that memorial is going
to look when it stands on the lot in a ceme-
tery is of the gravest concern to you and
has a direct bearing upon your future busi-
ness. I would that every dealer affix his
name to his monuments and his responsi-
liility be fully owned.

When the dealer will visit the site 1 will
gladly meet him. discuss with him the land-
scape influences, furnish working drawings
of a special setting, but I do insist that he
use the same care in selecting his memorial
as I do in preparation of setting. I do not
profess to know the details of design and
other intricacies of the monument business ;
those can only be acquired by a definite ap-
prenticeship same as all of you have served,
luit I do know that if the knowledge and
skill which you possess will meet the prin-
ciples with which I am working, the monu-
ment and setting will be adapted one to the
other. The picture obtained will make your
monument effective and add to the beauty
of the grounds.

The principles of this course of action
which I am urging upon you, is no dream
of an idle brain ; it is borne out by the re-
sults attained in many cemeteries to-day.
We need not stop even here, for you know
the architectural professions in general in-
sist upon having the buildings fit the site
upon which they are to be erected. You
would not think of allowing an architect
to design a house for you to erect upon a
piece of land which he has never seen and
of which he has no surveys.

You should study the lot, advise your
purchaser what type of memorial is best
suited to the conditions. This extra effort
will justify a charge for the time expended
in such consultation which any purchaser
will be glad to pay. The two hundred dol-
lars involved in the price of the memorial

223

may be entirely wasted through an unfor-
tunate setting, but five per cent of the cost
applied in this way would insure the entire
investment a satisfactory result.

Fronting on Madison Square Garden,
Xew York City, there stands a church that
draws the interest of the passing throngs.
.A few years ago the society that owned
the site decided they would erect a new edi-
fice for the worship of God. They sought
the services of the most skilled architect of
the nineteenth century, Stanford White. In
accepting the commission, that master de-
signer recognized the perplexing difficulties
of the environment, surrounded on every
side l)y the forty-odd stories of gigantic
skyscrapers. Harmony of treatment was
unattainable, so he accepted the opposing
quality or contrast ; huge bulk against re-
finement. He designed a building of small
mass, with such perfection of proportion
and purity of ornament, that among its
gross neighbors it arrests the attention of
the beholder as a jewel of exquisite crafts-
manship. His problem is actually before
you, gentlemen, in every design you exe-
cuate, every monument you erect. A study
of the site is sure to determine whether you
shall place a design of harmony or secure
the better effect through contrast with the
surrounding examples. Mere bulk does not
count ; proportion of mass, delicacy or
strength of line, purity and simplicity of
ornament, alone, determine the worth of a
memorial ; its effectiveness can only be
judged when erected.

It is not given unto you in these days to
build in the colossal mass of the pyramids ;
most of your work is to be erected within
grounds which may not be termed modern,
but you can and should endeavor to produce
work of sincere art, adapted to the plot
upon which it is to stand. Do not allow a
single memorial to leave your cutting room
that is not a compliment to your ability. Be
sure that it is adapted to the plot upon
which it is to stand. The appearance of
the cemetery will be enhanced through your
efforts and your monument business will
acquire a valuable individuality.

Strive for originality in design ; be a cre-
ator and enjoy the satisfaction of one. Let
it be known that you will co-operate with
the superintendent and he will readily co-
operate with you.

A. A. P. S. Officers

At the St. Louis Convention of Park
Superintendents reported in our last issue,
the following officers were elected :

President — J. F. Foster, superintendent
South Park System, Chicago.

Vice-President — John Berry, Denver,
Colo.

Secretary-Treasurer — Roland W. Cotter-
ill, Seattle, Wash.

Other details of the convention were
given in our report last month.

224

PARK AND CEMETERY

ASKED AND ANSWERED

An exchange cf experience on practical matters by our readers. You
are inviitd to contribute questions and answers to this department

Perpetual Care of Mausoleums

Editor Asked and Ansd. ; What sum
should be set aside for the perpetual care
of a mausoleum whose value is $5,000?’' —
L. G., N. J.

Nobody can answer this question off
hand. It all depends on the material, on
the construction, on the interior arrange-
ment, on the present condition of the
structure, etc., etc. These things must be
considered and it would be foolish for any-
body to suggest a sum off hand.

FRANK EURICH,

Detroit, i\Iich.

Supt. Woodlawn Cem.

The query of your correspondent as to
"What sum should be set aside for the
Perpetual Care of a mausoleum whose
value is $5,(100.00," presents a very complex
problem which every cemetery superintend-
ent who has given the subject any consid-
eration realizes is difficult of solution
with any degree of accuracy. We have as
yet little data on which to base a cal-
culation of the lifetime of these modern
structures in our climate and the amount
of work and expense their maintenance
may involve.

It is evident, too, that these factors are
\ariable, according to location, style of de-
sign, the nature of the material used, the
manner of construction and the care exer-
cised in workmanship.

Endowment based on a fi.xed percentage
of the cost of the structure would not ap-
ply equabh' in all cases. Each must be
considered separately according to condi-
tions.

The only plan wdiich seems practicable
and safe to adopt is that based on the esti-
mated work which may be required in
pointing, cleaning, etc., to keep the struc-
ture in proper order and repair, providing,
too, for rebuilding at some future period,
which the ravages of climate and time will
inevitably necessitate. This, unfortunately
is almost wholly a matter of conjecture, but
in this way we may arrive at a fairly
accurate average annual expense and the
endowment necessary to provide the re-
quired income.

On the supposition that the mausoleum
in question is of good, modern construc-
tion, I would suggest a fund of $1,500.(10 as
sufficient to provide for its proper main-
tenance.

Milwaukee. Wis. James Currie.

Supt. Forest ITome Cem.

This question is open to discussion and
circumstances would govern the correct
answer. It would depend upon the con-
truction of the building, the material used,
the location and how clean they desire to
have the building, both exterior and in-
terior. If the mausoleum is of high grade
granite and the interior constructed of sub-

stantial materials, a design of good con-
struction, w’e should say that five per cent
of the cost should take care of same.

If the building is properly erected all'
that really should be necessary would be
to have it re-pointed every year or two.
Of course, every five or six years the in-
terior could be washed out and the exte-
rior cleaned. The pointing, provided it was
given attention each year could easily be
done in a day's time, and if a skilled me-
chanic could be procured locall_\-, at a
maximum cost of $8.(10 to $10.00. Ehider
unfavorable circumstances, however, it
should not cost over $25.00 to have a small
structure re-pointed and cleaned every twm
years.

Of course, if tb.e mausoleum is of some
material other than granite, and the plan-
ning of same not practical, it would be
pretty hard to determine just what sum
should be put aside for the perpetual care.
Some cemeteries require a deposit of 10
per cent, while others are satisfied with a 5
per cent deposit.

Buffalo, N. Y. McDonnell & Sons.

If the superintendent who inquires re-
garding the perpetual care of a mausoleum,
wdll look up his file of Park & Cemetery,
he will find in the number for October,
lOlti, my views on the question of perpet-
ual care, set forth more extensively than
they can be in a letter.

The question of the amount paid for a
mausoleum is not the only one to he con-
sidered in estimating the amount needed
for its perpetual care. It may be cheaper
to erect a building of small pieces of stone
and yet the amount needed for its care
would be larger than a more expensive,
well constructed structure.

contract made recently for a mauso-
leum of about this value was estimated
according to the under noted details :
Re-setting stonework, $(100.00 in 50

years $12.00

Leading, $00.00 in 20 years 3.00

Washing outside from staging,

$20.00 in 2 years 10.00

Washing floors and walls each

spring fl.OO

Dusting and sweeping once a week
for 9 months and once everj^ 2
weeks for 3 months 20.00

$54.00

Endowment necessary to provide
for annual expense at 3 per

cent $1,800.00

J. C. Scorgie,
Supt. Mt. Auburn Cem.
Cambridge, Mass.

White Pine or Red Pine

Editor Asked and Answered : For sev-
eral years we have been setting out white

pine and desire to ask your advice as to
whether to continue to do so or to set out
red pine. Is it the opinion of those best
able to judge that the w'hite pine blister
disease is likely in time to destroy all our
white pine? If so, we desire to he on the
safe side and plant the red pine. We
shall be very thankful for your advice. —
W. C., Mass.

We do not think it wise to recommend
the planting of wdiite pine for forestry pur-
poses. The foresters themselves are rec-
ommending discontinuing its planting. This
was especially mentioned at the American
Foresters’ Convention held in Washing-
ton early this spring. They recommend the
red pine as being the most satisfactory
to use linder present conditions. It looks
as though the white pine blister rust has
come to stay.

Thomas B. IMeehan Co.

Dresher, Pa.

As you probably well know the wdrite
pine blister rust can not be transferred
from one pine to another. Its spread
among white pine is dependent upon an
intermediate host. The only way the dis-
ease can spread is by spores developed on
currant and gooseberry plants in the vicin-
ity of the pines. In other words, the pine
transfers the disease to currants and
gooseberries, and the currants and goose-
berries in turn transfer it back to the
pine, but as before stated, it cannot be
transferred from pine to pine nor can it
be transferred from currant to currant. If
you have no currants or gooseberries, or
other ribes within three or four hundred
yards of your pine plantation, it is very-
improbable that your pines would get the
disease.

The Alassachusetts State Forester, Frank
W. Rane, is strongly in favor of continu-
ing planting white pine. I am quoting
from one of his recent reports ; "The dan-
ger from currant and pine rust is not suffi-
cient to discourage prospective planters of
the white pine. It is to be hoped that
the average Massachusetts citizen will go
ahead planting white pine as enthusiasti-
cally as ever, leaving its protection from
disease to trained officials with authority
to destroy all of the disefised white pines,
currants, and gooseberries. Massachusetts
does not concede for one minute that we
are going to lose our white pines from any
diagnosis that her state forester has made
thus far.”

There is no tree that can take the place
of the white pine. Many people are advo-
cating the planting of red pine in place of
the white pine. The red pine is a splendid
tree, hardy, grows rapidljq and is pictur-
esque in maturity. However, it should not
be planted in the shade, therefore, it is not
as adaptable as the white pine. The wood
of the red pine is not as valuable as the
white pine. Neither is it as valuable
for backgrounds for landscape pic-
tures and for general landscape plant-
ing. The red pine comes the nearest
to meeting the qualities of the white pine.

PARK AND C EM ETER

225

glllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllil!lli;nill!ll!llllll!ll!llll|||||||!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIU^

Fullerton Parkway, Lincoln Park Boulevard System, Chicago, III. Resurfaced with “Tarvia-X” , penetration
method, in 1909. Treated with “Tarvia-A” in 1916.

Eight Years of Tarvia

EK'jHT years ago this driveway in
Chicago was resurfaced with
“Tarvia-X.” The old road was
scarified and then covered with new
’stone bonded with “Tarvia-X” applied
by the penetration method. This was
in August, 1909.

Tarvia has the
unique distinction
among all the bi-
tumens of being
able to cling read-
ily to cold stone.

Accordingly, this
top-surface of Tar-
via - Macadam has
bonded perfectly
with the old macadam and there never
has been any scaling or rolling up. In
September, 1916, the pavement was
touched up for the first time Avith
“Tarvia-A” and a light coat of stone
screenings to restore the surface. Such
treatments do not cost much and con-

stitute substantially the only main-
tenance expense that is required on a
Tarvia roadway, even with heavy
miscellaneous traffic such as this road
carries.

There are three grades of Tarvia and
a dozen ways of using them. There is
a Tarvia and a
Tarvia method for
every macadam
road problem. Tar-
via can be used in
building a new
road, in resurfac-
ing an old one, or
for mere dust sup-
pression. The Bar-
rett engineers have accumulated an
immense fund of practical experience
which is at the disposal of any park
or cemetery authority.

Show us your road and we will tell
you the least expensive Avay of putting
it into first-class condition.

Preserves Roads
Prevents Dust

Booklet on request. Address our nearest office.

Special Service Department

This company has a corps of trained en-
gineers and chemists Avho have given
years of study to modern road problems.
The advice of these men may be had for

the asking by any one interested.

If you will write to the nearest office regard-
ing road problems and conditions in your vi-
cinity, the matter will have prompt attention.

The

’Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St, Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh
Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria
The Paterson Manufacturing Co., Limited: Montreal Toronto AVinnipeg

Vancouver St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney, N. S.

Ih.'

226

but there is no evergreen that so combines
the qualities of utility, rapid growth, heavy
yield, and ease of management as the white
pine. It is the very foundation of orna-
mental and commercial tree planting, and
ornamentativeness and usefulness, produc-
tion and protection combine in white pine
as in no other tree.

Because of its great \alue we Itelieve that
white pine should lie planted in the future
even more e.xtensively than in the past.

.American Forestry Company.

Boston, Mass.

New Box Barberry

We described in these pages the new
hedge plant, Box Barberry, recently intro-
duced by the Elm City Xursery Co. of Tsew
Haven, Conn.

We show herewith an illustration of
a two-year-old plant of this new Bar-
berry. for the purpose of comparing the
size of the foliage with that of the nor-
mal Thunbergii type. The loose branch
lying in front of the plant is Barberis
Thunl)ergii, and it may l)e noted that the
foliage of the l)o.x l)arlierry is less than
half that of the other variety.

The new barlierry was first discovered
some tifteen years ago among a bed of
Japan liarberry seedlings, and has lieen the
subject of careful development b\' the
propagators since that time. It is recom-
mended as a low, uniformly growing hedge
plant of unusual adaptaliility.

The introducer's plans are to make the
first offer of stock of it for propagating pur-
poses to the trade this fall. In the spring
of l!ll!) it will be introduced to the gen-
eral public. This gives the holders of
stock obtained this fall ample opportunitx-

PARK A N D CEMETERY.

B()X-BAIIBEI!I1Y TWO YEARS OLD.
Branch on ground is Berlieris Thunliei'gii ;
comiiare size of foliage.

to propagate a good stock of this box bar-
lierr}- themselves. Plants one year old,
from either hard or soft wood cuttings, can
be produced which are amply sizeable for
hedge purposes. It is probable that plants
should be grown one year in nursery rows,
however, to produce the class oi plants
which will be most in demand for low
hedge purposes.

It is claimed that this new dwarf box
barberry can be probtablx sold at so popu-
lar a price as to warrant its wide adoption
for the uses for which it is fitted.

The Cover Illustration

The iron fence illustrated on the cover
of this issue is a type particularly recom-
mended for its protective qualities,

It was selected as the inclosure for this
big athletic field because of its simplicity-,
strength and substantial construction.

It is a type of massive, plain design, and
yet so well designed from a constructional
point of view as to make a pleasing appear-
ance, especially where it is seen in the long
stretches that are required for the enclo-

W. A. Nuhrenberg, formerly assistant
superintendent of Cypress Lawn Cemetery,
San Francisco, Calif., has been promoted
to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of Alex. H. Davidson, who was for many
years superintendent of that cemetery.

Accused of violating the Espionage
law, W. J. Webb, of 1.328 Cambria street
lot salesman for Forest Hill Cemetery,
Philadelphia, was arrested recently. Webb

sure of a large ])ark or cemetery.

This style is well adapted to the needs
of parks or cemeteries of any size, for
its fine appearance, strong construction,
and reasonable cost for the maximum pro-
tection offered.

The Stewart Iron Works Company of
Cincinnati, Ohio, who designed and erected
this fence, have many styles similar to this
or more ornamental in character, with
entrance gates to harmonize.

was sending circulars, advertising burial
lots on easy terms, to all young men in
Kensington, who had been accepted for
the new National Army, and was accused
of causing a spirit of unpatriotism in the
minds of the drafted men, and an attempt
to interfere with the organization of the
new National Army. These circulars
showed pictures of the cemetery, and car-
ried the captions “Be Prepared” and

CtnETERY NOTES

"When you meet death, be prepared to
to rest in a refined place.” He received a
15 per cent commission on all $100 lots
and a 2b per cent commission of all lots
selling for more than $100.

Following is a list of the new rules gov-
erning automobiles, recently adopted at
Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, N. Y. ;

1. Speed must not exceed 8 miles an
hour.

2. The machine must be so driven that
no audible signal will be necessary.

3. The machine must not pass a funeral
cortege proceeding in the same direction,
or at a point where a burial is in progress.

4. When attending a funeral, automobiles
must be kept in the rear of vehicles drawn
by horses.

5. The driver of an automobile must
carefully heed and obey ail warnings and
signals.

li. Should horses liecome frightened by
an automobile the driver of the machine
must stop and render any necessary as-
sistance.

7. Machines must always keep to the
right of the road.

8. .Automobiles must always be so driven
as not to give off smoke or to drop oil,
nor shall mufflers be opened while within
the cemeter}’.

!). When the machine stops the engine
must be stopped.

lb. Automol)iles shall not lie turned
around on the avenues.

11. Roads posted as "one wa\' roads”
must only be used as such.

12. .Automobile funerals shall enter the
cemetery only at main gates near the
office, and after entering the grounds
shall be subject to the direction of the
superintendent or his assistants.

13. Motorists must not use roads posted
"not for automobiles.”

14. These rules will be strictly en-
forced.

Silverdale Cemetery Association, Silver-
dale, Wash,, was incorporated recently by
1'. B. Bourg, R L. Robbins, A, AI. Waage,
and others.

Mount Hope Cemetery Company, of St.
Louis, was recently incorporated by G. 14.
Glemme of Belleville, 111.; G. W. Ryan of
Sikeston, Mo.; Fred and Jacob C. Hoff-
meister, and C. J. Kane. The capital
stock is $4b,bbb, fully paid.

The Harker Cemetery Association, of
Aluscatine, la., has elected D. S. Haifleigh,
president, and C. F. Holtz, secretary.

Dave A'lorgan was recently elected presi-
dent, and Airs. James Jones, secretary, of
Beacon Cemetery, Oskaloosa, la.

The Nemo Cemetery Association, Pierre,
S. D., has been incorporated by A. J.
Young, R. O. Robinson and A. A. Aloodie.

Alberson Cemetery, of , Petroleum, Ind.,
has been incorporated. The directors are :
J. E. Settle, P. B. Alberson, C. A. Prouty,
H. A. Gehrett, W. H. Settle, E. S. Wolfe,
Peter Scott, Arthur Uptgraft, L. L. Ander-
son.

PARK AND CEMETERY.

227

APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT

When road-making- or repairing becomes necessary in
Parks and Cemeteries it must be done as c[uietly and
cleanly as possible. Nowhere else is the noise and dirt of
the steam roller resented to as great a degree. The
Austin Tandem Motor Roller does away with smoke,
sparks and ashes, and its steady, smooth running does
away with all unwelcome noises. Then there are neither
boiler troubles, risk of explosion, teaming of coal and
water, nor time lost or fuel wasted. Ready for instant
service. When work is stopped all expense ceases. In
the intermittent work required by Park and Cemetery
Superintendents, these are important considerations.

Send for complete catalog* — also the Road-Builders’

Guide to a Complete Grading, Rock-Crushing and Road-
Surfacing Equipment.

Austin Tandem Roller

Austin Motor Lawn Mower

THE AUSTIN-WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY COMPANY

CHICAGO NEW YORK

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An Aristocrat

Owned by the majority of the best managed and most beautifully landscaped cemeteries in the
United States.

= Selected for their cemeteries by prominent cemetery superintendents; men nationally known and g

H who have made history in the wonderful scientific development of cemeteries. g

g So you can judge the FRIGID AUTOMATIC LOWERING DEVICE, not alone by its appearance, g

g the service it gives you, and the manufacturer that makes it, but also by the cemetery that S

g owns it and the man who selected it. g

g WRITE US— WE'LL TELL YOU WHO OWNS ONE OR MORE 1

I FRIGID FLUID CO. :: Chicago, 111. f

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PARK AND CEMETERY

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

WANTED— SUPJ?:RINTENDENT FOR NEW
perpetual care cemetery, being- developed
along latest lines of cemetery building. Must
be conversant with all details of cemetery
'business and be able to take complete charge
of full p’.oposition, including supervision of
development, upkeep and sales work. Salary
$1S0 per month and 2% of sales. Give ex-
perience, qualifications and references. Ad-
dress Myrtle Hill Cemetery Company, Tampa,
Fla.

NEFF'S SWEET-WILLIAMS, THE FINEST
strain in existence; large spikes, finely
fringed, beautiful colors: two-year-old plants
$4.00 per hundred. Digitalis purpurea, strong
two-year-old plants; will bloom next spring;
iSS.UO per hundred; one-year-old plants, $4.00
per nur.dred. Hollyhocks, double oi separate
colors, sirong nlooming stock, $4.00 per hun-
dred; Newport pink, $8.00 per hundred. L. 1.
N^ff, 431 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMB.VLM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession ; three months' course
qualifies men and omen. Ask for catalog
and information. Worsham Training School,
020 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

CEMETERY SALES EXPERTS

specializing in cemetery organization
advertising and selling campaigns, will

organize and manage lot selling
campaigns, outline and plan or-
ganization and business man-
agement for new cemeteries, and
organize stock companies.

If there is an opportunity for a ne-w
cemetery in your locality let us help
you with it.

GEORGE P. GARIN & CO.

R. 510, 117 No. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

Iris, Phlox, Larkspur .Hemerocalis

Things that thrive, now is the time to plant

FRANK WILD FLORAL CO., Sarcoxie, Mo.

PRICE LIST FR EE

N0Rff^.4Y MAPLES
ORIENTAL PLANTS

AT REDUCED PRICES

Shrewsbury Nurseries,

EATONTOWN, N. J.

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their
records of Burials, Location of Graves,
etc

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of all
forms used in Interment Record Books,
Lot Diagram Books and Index Books,
to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. :: CHICAGO

SID J. HARE 5. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.U.A. MEMBER A S.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

604 GUMBEL. BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE

MAIN 4338

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette. Illinois

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce, Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

IVrite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

E?ergreen Specialist! :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, ILL.

LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS

’ Four lots to a page; ruled with small squares, ten to an inch, to diagram
the location of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 800 lots $ 7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1200 lots 3.00

400 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1600 lots 12.50

INTERMENT RECORD BOOKS

100 pages, capacity 2300 names $ 7.00

200 pages, capacity, 4600 names 12.00

Ask for catalog of complete line of Interment Record Books, Lot Diagram
Books and Index Books, to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Park and Cemetery 536 South Clark Street Chicago

YOU CAN HELP

to make friends for Park and Cemetery
by patronizing its advertisers and by
giving the paper credit for the intro-
ductiin when corresponding.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwoad and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Treets

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

» Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

Now Is The Time
To Order

Andorra Evergreens

Our ability to supply plants
and trees and shrubs of the
highest quality is not cur-
tailed by the stoppage of
foreign shipments. Buy
nursery stock grown at
Andorra. Our catalog on
request —

“Suggestions for Effective Planting”

ANDORRA NURSERIES

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

Chestnut Hill, Phila, Pa.

Box 150

PARK AND

C R M RT E R )’

22i)

\

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing-
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING
CONCRETE BURIAL VAULT

is easy to sell to you.- lot holders because it is made
absolutely impervious to moisture by a simple, natural
principle that you can explain to purchasers in five
minutes.

Our perfect steel molds and complete directions
make it easy for you to build a profitable vault busi-
ness with your patrons, add revenue to the cemetery
funds and keep your labor profitably employed dur-
ing idle times.

■^sk for our literature explaining the principles of
construction of this vault and our method of helping
you build a vault business.

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

The Fa mous New
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything from
the child’s casket to the larg'est steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

PARK AND

IVe Offer ^ ''^y

DA sortment of all kinds of
'Trtes^ Shrubs^ Evergreens^ Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willad ean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

C E M E T E R V.

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON'S

PAlffi,

COLORS
pBwiif iacfciBL® .

Silica

Graphite

PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
vtith prices upon request.

Made in .ifRSEY CITY, N. J., BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827

Complete Cemetery Record in One Book

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record,
Lot Diagram Forms and an Index in one book, are
widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either
1000 or 2000 interments or less and whose lots are 30 feet
square or less. They contain single letter index, the
Interment Record form and the Four-lots-to-a-Page lot
diagram form ; made in two sizes : Size — 158 pages,
gives space for records of 1000 interments and diagrams
for 2-10 lots. Size B — 241 pages, giving a capacity' of
2000 burial records and diagrams of 400 lots.

Size A, $8.50; Size B, $8.00.

.'\dd $1.00 to the price of either hook and get "Park
and Cemetery” for one year — regular price, $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 South Clark Street - - CHICAGO

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be mixed better, quicker,
with less expense. Use a

aeger Mixer

Now made in small sizes.
Mounted on trucks with engine
complete or on, skids for
hand power. A profitable
investment that will pay
for itself many times
over each year.

Thousands in use everywTere
Hundp ds with parks and
cemeteries.

The Jaeger Machine Co.

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

PLEASANT VIEW CEMETERY,
KEWANEE, ILLS.,

MARCH 2Isi, 1917.

Thomas B. Meehan Co , Dresher, Penna.

Genllemeyi: —

I jusl want to tell you how perfectly satisfied we are with the trees which
we have received from you. Out of the 300 set out, I only lost two and
those died from the effects of the norms. We would not think of buying
elsewhere, and shall not as long as we receive such Ireatment from you.

Very truly yours, G. D. Stipt.

THOMAS B.

WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN

This is only one of the many letters we constantly
receive from our satisfied customers. Our aim is to
give the very best service, first class stock, carefully
packed. If you do not receive our catalogue regularly
in the early fall and spring, drop us a line and your
name will be placed permanently on our mailing list.

MEETIAN CO.

DRESHER, PA.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1 ,000 cemeteries
are using our method for keeping their records
of Burials, Location of Graves, etc. Descriptive
circular sent on request.

PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO. ILL

CREMATORY

Convenient to all western New York Territory

MT. HOPE CEMETERY

J. W. Keller, Supt. Rochester, N.Y.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra CoUa Color at $2.90 Each

Size 18 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
Soutb Zanesville, Ohio

P ARK AND C E M ETERY

231

W. & T. SmiTH OOTVYRANY

GEIVE\//\, IN E \A7 YORK!

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

700 ACRES,

64 YEARS.

STONE GRAVE VAULTS

The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names, 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,

capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

Order Your Supplies

From dealers who advertise in

Park and Cemetery

and always mention the paper ’
when you write.

“We have had more and better returns from advertising in
PARK AND CEMETERY than from any other magazine
that we advertise in.” — Chas. G. Curtis Co., Growers and Col-
lectors of Hardy Native Plants and Trees, Callicoon, New York.

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

7 he Van Dorn Iron fV orks Company - CleveU

Grave and Lot Markers

Now is the time to jilace your
order for markers for fall de-
livery.

HAASE PORTLAND CE-
MENT g-rave and lot markers

have been used longer and have given better satisfaction than any other lot marker ever
sold. Our markers are machine made. Each one perfectly true.

Lawn mowers, wheelbarrows, dump carts, etc., are harmless to HAASE markers.
Erost neither harms nor heaves our markers.

Made in 3 in., 3^2 in., 4 in. and 5 in. diameters, and 8, 10, 12 in. lengths. The 10 in.
most commonly used.

Lots and graves once marked with HAASE markers are permanently marked.
No replacing of cracked or broken tops in later years.

Write to us, giving the quantity of mark-
ers you will need, the style of marking and
the size,* and we will furnish you figure
F. O. B. your station.

Sample marker sent free of charge upon
request.

HAASE CONCRETE WORKS

Est. 1880

Forest Park, Illinois

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SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Landscape Pictures in Cemetery Lots — Lawn Making in
Reclaimed Park Area — Remodeling an Ancient Cemetery
in Costa Rica — Growth of the Modern Cemetery Idea —

Care of Lots Not Under Perpetual Care.

SMITHFIELD CEMETERY ENTRANCE GATES, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Built by The Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O. See page 24S

234

PARK AND CEMETERY

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND

INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things : First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised; entries run across two pages each
9y2 X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day; place of interment — section, lot; lot book page; location ; grave fee;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
. “Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering : surname ; given name ; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,’’ at the
same time you order books, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing full-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, rided and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEMETERY

235

Proved Best by U. S. Test

A memorial cut in Silver Grey Georgia Marble.

Sizes: Die, 2.0 x 1.0 x 4.6; Base. 2.4 x 1.4 x 0.8; B. B. 2.10 x 1.10 x 1.2.

In addition to the authori-
tative statements of experts
regarding- the weathering-
qualities of Georgia Marble,
the U. S. Government recog-
nizes the non-staining- qual-
ity of this incomparable ma-
terial, and does not require
water-proofing as with other
marbles. The following is
quoted from a Government
specification for stone work:

“Protection against stain.
Before the stone is set. the
backs and edges to within
one-quarter inch of the face
of all marble, EXCEPT
GEORGIA MARBLE, shall
be given a heavy coat of ap-
proved water-proofing com-
pound and another coat shall
be applied after the stone is
set.”

Georgia Marble monuments are attractive and substantial — the beauty of their
texture is appealing, and they are impervious to weather conditions, resisting suc-
cessfully the agents of disintegration.

We want you to have full par-
ticulars about Georgia Marble and
its qualities. Literature will be
supplied gladly upon request.

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

236

PARK AND CEMETERY

Office and Studio:
New York

Works:

Barre, Vermont

Branches:
Hartford, Conn,

Kensico Cemetery
Valhalla, N.Y.

The Hegeman Mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery, New York. Ferdinand Prochazka, Architect.

Built by us for .John R. Hegeman, president Metropolitan Bife Insurance Co.

Ornament Your Cemetery

You can do this l^y referring your lot owners to us from any part of the
United States. We operate the largest and best equipped retail monumental
plant in the world at Barre, Vermont, the home of Barre Uranite.

The Presbrey-Coykendall Company

198 Broadway, New York

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'

King Greenhouses

Keep Summer In the Park the Whole Year Round

On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great
strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are
so warm and sunny that they are filled with a riot of bloom and fruit when
Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience
in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

Y^ou should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a
King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how
productive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

KING CONSTRUCTION

COMPANY. 342 King’s Road,

All the Sunlight, All Day Houses

North Tonawanda,

Branch Office:

(New York, 1476 Broadway
I Scranton, 307 Irving Ave.

Boston. 113 State St.
Philadelphia. Harrison Bldg.,

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
H. C. WHITAKER, President O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2 00- two years, $3 50; three years. $5.00: five years, $8. 00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advenisemenls and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

VOL. XXVII. XO. 9.

PROGRESS

The story of the remodeling of an
old cemetery in Costa Rica, told on
another page, is a striking example of
progress in cemetery matters where
progress would have least been ex-
pected. In the old Central and South
American cemeteries where many inter-
ments have always been made in public
catacombs above the ground, spaces
that are rented for short periods of
time, there has been no change or prog-
ress in cemetery methods for centuries.
It is therefore a thing worth recording
that one of these cemeteries has made
plans for the development of its
grounds along modern lines. It took
an earthquake to bring about the
change, but the change has come. When
the earthquake of 1910 came and scat-
tered the catacomljs and their contents
almut the grounds the managers of the
cemetery began to think that perhaps
some other method of interring the
dead might be advisable. They took
the matter up with an American land-
scape architect who has prepared plans
for the modern development of the
grounds, making distinctive use of the
luxuriant flora of the country. This is
probably one of the farthest steps in
cemetery progress that has been taken
and it is to be hoped that the modern
development of this burial ground will
be an example to others in South Amer-
ican countries to do likewise.

LA.N ESCAPING THE CEMETERY
LOT

The art of developing the cemetery
lot is one of the finest points in modern
landscape architecture. Each lot must
be developed into some semblance of a
landscape picture to give the lot its in-
dividuality, and give a setting to the
monument without segregating the sin-
gle lot too much from its surroundings.
In other words, there must be devel-
oped an individual picture for the lot
that will be at the same time a part
of the general cemetery landscape. It
is a most difficult and exacting work
and demands the co-operation of the
landscape designer, the cemetery super-
intendent and the monument designer.
Along the main avenues of some of our
leading cemeteries, the principal lots
are just as carefully developed to form
pictures as the lawn and surroundings

= EDITORIAL =

of a fine house. Each one has its in-
dividual problem. In some cases it is a
question of screening out the surround-
ings; in others to frame in the lot and
harmonize the monument with its en-
vironment. Better work is being done
each year in the development of ceme-
tery lots and it is now generally recog-
nized that each lot should be studied
individually and planned individually
just as the whole cemetery or each sec-
tion is definitely planned. The ceme-
tery of today and of the future will
recognize as one of its cardinal princi-
ples that every lot must have its indi-
vidual plan and every monument its
individual setting.

FORESTRY AND CHRISTMAS
TREES

The New York State College of For-
estry has been investigating the grow-
ing, cutting and marketing of Christ-
mas trees, especially for the supplying
of the Christmas tree market in New
York City and other large cities in the
state. The college finds that between
one and a half to two millions of dol-
lars are expended in New York City
and the metropolitan district alone ev-
ery year for Christmas trees and
Christmas greens. The most desirable
sizes are from four to ten feet high,
though trees up to (iO feet are sold for
municipal and community celebrations.
The small sizes are tied in bundles of
from two to five trees. There are ap-
pro.ximately 500 to tSOO bundles to a car,
making approximately 2,000 trees
shipped in each car. The annual cut-
ting of thousands of evergreens in the
Northeast for the holiday season has
from time to time aroused the protest
of individuals and organizations inter-
ested in the protection of our forests.
There is no question but that methods
of cutting evergreen trees in the past
have resulted in injury and even de-
struction of excellent stands of grow-
ing evergreens. To prevent recurrence
of earlier injurious results from cut-
ting of Christmas greens, the college is
urging conservative cutting, which it
believes will allow the taking out of
our annual supply of Christmas trees
without interfering with the future wel-
fare of the forest. The cutting out of
Christmas trees should be a part of the
thinning out of the forest and where

NOVEMBER, 1917.

such is done with care the forest will
be improved rather than injured by the
removal of the small trees. In Euro-
pean countries many forest plantations
are made with the idea of thinning out
the trees from year to year to supply
the Christmas tree trade. Under any
system of forest planting there are
more trees put out than are needed in
the final stand, the idea being to force
the natural pruning of the lower
branches so that the new wood will be
laid on the main stem instead of going
into too many branches. From time to
time the small trees must be removed
to allow proper development of the bet-
ter pruned specimens and the trees so
taken out can lie utilized very profit-
al)ly in meeting the annual demand for
Christmas trees. Plantations are being
made in this country where the same
treatment will he given and liy this sys-
tem there should be available annually an
ever increasing number of Christmas
trees.

Throughout the northeastern part of
the Lhiifed States the most desirable
Christmas tree is the balsam fir. Next
to this comes the red spruce. Both of
these trees grow abundantly and thrift-
ily in the Adirondacks and to a limited
extent over high elevations in other
parts of the state. The Catskills and
Adirondacks formerly supplied a large
part of the trees used in New York
City and vicinity. Now the source of
supply is Maine, New Hampshire and
Vermont largely, but Canada has sent
to this country many carloads of trees.
Timberland owners and those wishing
to market trees for the Christmas trade
are warned against making any cuttings
without obtaining a definite market for
their product. The prices obtained for
Christmas trees fluctuate more than
any other similar commodity on the
market. If there is a strong demand,
and the supply is short, the resultant
prices will be good.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The stand of timber on the two great
national forests in Alaska is estimated
by the forest service as over seventy
billion board feet, while the annual
growth will, it is said, produce of pulp-
wood alone enough for the manufac-
ture of three thousand tons of wood
pulp a day.

238

PARK AND CEMETERY

Landscape Pictures in Cemetery Lots

The fine art of making an individual
landscape picture of the cemetery lot is
nowhere practiced with more success than
in the highly developed landscape of
Woodlawn Cemetery of New York City.
The many costly mausoleums and monu-
ments erected by wealthy citizens of New
York have been framed into the landscape
by skillful planning and planting so as to
frame each individual lot into a picture of
its own. The lot is developed as a land-
scape problem in itself just as the lawn of
a fine home is developed. The landscape

monument is suited to its particular loca-
tion and where the adjacent landscape and
planting is in harmony with the lines and
color and construction of the monument.
In certain sections lots will be planted to
give individuality without exclusion from
the surroundings. Harmony in landscape
treatment must be secured without inter-
fering with variety in design of monu-
mental work. IMonuments must blend with
the landscape. The planting frames in the
lot and centers attention on the monument.
Vistas are secured liy opening up a view

secluded from its surroundings as befits
a subject of this character. Every shrub
and plant here was placed with a purpose
and every one helps to make the perfect
landscape picture that results.

In the Celtic cross memorial illustrated,
note how the adjacent planting reinforces
and strengthens the lines of the monument
and note how the frame of the lot has
been developed without destroying the
general effect of the surrounding land-
scape.

In the ideal conditions of cemetery de-

PLANTING TO FRAME LOT AND SET OFF MONUMENT, WOODLAWN CEMETERY, NEW YORK.

architect plans his planting and lawn de-
velopment to set off the individual monu-
mental structure to best advantage; to
screen it from its surroundings and to de-
velop a picture that has a character and
beauty of its own. Planting, grading and
improvement of the lot are carefully
carried out that lot, monument and plant-
ing form a harmonious, unified composi-
tion.

A cemetery lot and its monument is just
as much of a problem in artistic landscape
development as a public monument or a
house. The maximum development of
cemetery beauty and monumental art is
possible only when the design of the

through luxuriant planting to an impos-
ing mausoleum or other structure in the
background. A striking example of this is
seen in the mausoleum illustrated here-
with. By careful landscape work a row
of mausoleums or monuments will be
screened and separated from each other by
a luxuriant planting and monuments of
different styles brought into one landscape
picture with special landscape treatment
for each.

In the statue monument illustrated here,
note how the lines and corners of the
work have been softened by heavy, care-
fully placed planting and how the work is

velopment every monument will be de-
signed for its own particular lot and every
lot developed to give proper setting to the
monument. To get the best possible effects
in cemetery art, the landscape architect, the
lot owner and the monument designer
should work carefully together. The ideal
of having the monument and its surround-
ings in carefully studied harmony is not by
any means a dream, for it is being realized
in large numbers of cases in our leading
cemeteries. Along the main avenues of
our best cemeteries landscape pictures arc
developed with a skill that is as fine as the
effect secured in the planting of fine homes
on any of our residence thoroughfares.

LANDSCAPE PICTURES IN WOODLAWN CEMETERY, NEW YORK CITY.

240

PARK AND CEMETERY

Lawn Making in Reclaimed Park Area

One of the most interesting problems
met with in developing the land for a new
park was encountered in the work of de-
veloping a twenty-four acre park at Wil-
mette, 111. Particularly interesting methods
were used in the treatment of the soil
which makes up this park, and the descrip-
tion of this w'ork may be of assistance to
others who have a like problem.

Some years ago the Sanitary District of
Chicago, in excavating for a drainage
channel from Lake Michigan at a point
in Wilmette down through Evanston to
join the north branch of the Chicago
River, were required by their contract with
Evanston and Wilmette to remove all the
spoil from these villages. In acquiring the
right of way for their channel, they found
it necessary to take over certain frontages
with riparian rights adjoining the intake
of the canal. They thereupon built a break-
water in the lake far enough out to take
all of the spoil from the sections of the
channel through the tw'o towns mentioned.
In this way they reclaimed about twentv
acres of land. The top of this twenty
acres was of course the bottom excavation
of the channel and was hard blue clay.
The wonderful location of this filled
ground jutting out as it did into Lake
Michigan about four or five hundred feet
beyond the main shore line and extending
about thirteen hundred feet north and
south suggested to the minds of the Park
Commissioners of Wilmette that it would
make an ideal park site and after some
negotiation and by an act of the Illinois
legislature, with the co-operation of the
Sanitary District Board of Trustees the
area was turned over to the Park District
of Wilmette. To the lay minds the ob-
stacles presented in transforming this pile
of clay, wdiich had ridges and valleys mak-
ing differences in elevation of approximate-
ly fifteen or twenty feet, seemed to present
difficulties that might be impossible to
overcome, inasmuch as the bonding power
of the district would have made possible
only the covering of this area with black
dirt (without any further development)
the estimated cost of which would be
somewhere in the neighborhood of $40,000.

Benjamin E. Gage, landscape architect
of Chicago, was called into consultation at
that time, and after a thorough investiga-
tion of the conditions, his report to the
commissioners stated that he believed that
three years treatment of the clay would
bring it to a condition where seed might
be planted with reasonable certainty of ob-
taining a good lawn. Based on these rec-
ommendations, the work was undertaken,
and has been going on for three years.

The first plowing of the area was ac-
complished b}" using a road breaking plow
with three teams and men to weight down
the plowshare. The last plowing which
took place this fall was accomplished with
a medium sized farm team and an ordi-

nary farm plow with the reins over the
plow man's shoulders, as is customary in
farm work. The surface for at least four
inches is good, mellow, reasonably dark
colored friable soil, and according to the
Department of Agronomy at our State
Lhiiversity, is capable of producing prac-
tically any kind of a crop.

The methods pursued in accomplishing
this change consisted of plowing and grad-
ing each time applying straw manure to
keep the chunks of clay spread so that the

elements with freezing and thawing and
the rays of the sun might penetrate to the
greatest depth. Added to this of course
was deep pulverizing with a disc harrow
and working with special tooth drags and
levelers. The crops used were two each
year plowing under in the summer such
as field peas and oats which furnished part
of the seed for the next crop, also millet,
rye, sweet clover, and cow peas. The thick-
ly matted tops of the pea crops furnish-
ing the chemical properties which the soil
needed in conjunction with the inoculation
of the seed and the deep roots of the
clover crop tended to break up the soil to

C. S. Harrison, the horticulturist of
York, Neb., whose monographs on the
peony, phlox, iris and the evergreen have
been reviewed in these pages, has just pub-
lished another volume of essays on horti-
culture and kindred topics. His new book
is entitled, “The Gospel of Beauty and In-

a greater depth. The grading of the park
area has been accomplished by the use of
a road grader and is in condition to put
on a disc harrow. Into the roughness left
by the disc will be spread pulverized lime-
stone using a street sand spreader. This
will have a tendency to sweeten the soil.
In addition to this fine straw stable manure
will be put on, using a manure spreader
equipped with a chopping device. All that
will be necessary in the spring will be to
run o\er the grade with a street sweeper

after which the seed will be put in. It
may be necessary to go over the grade
lightly with rakes to cover seed.

Instead of about $40,000.00 which would
have been taken to put black soil over this
area the whole work is being accomplished
in such a way as to obtain the same re-
sults including all the grading of the area
for approximately $5,000.00.

Our illustration of the plan shows the
proposed landscape treatment for this park
area. The lighting system is in, work is
progressing on the water and drainage
systems, and suitable nursery stock is now
being planted.

telligence in Trees.” The titles of some of
the essays which will give an idea of the
contents of the book are as follows :
“Wealth in Trees and Flowers,” “Flowers
as Teachers,” “Flower Missions,” “Afield
with God,” “The Wonderful Influence of
Flowers,” “A Garden Education for Chil-

PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RECLAIMED PARK, WILMETTE, ILL.
Benjamin E. Gage, Landscape Architect.

Books and Publications

PARK AND CEMETERY

241

dren,’’ “Nature’s Skill in Her New Crea-
tion,’’ “Intelligence in Trees,” “Need Im-
provement in Parks,” “The Ideal Com-
munity of the Future,’’ and others. The
book sells for $1 cloth bound, or fifty cents
paper bound.

The Cremation Association of America
has issued an interesting little booklet, “Via

Lucis” (The Way of Light), giving a sym-
posium of opinions on cremation from dis-
tinguished men and women. Strong letters
favoring this method of disposal of the
dead are printed from George Ade, Arnold
Bennett, Charles W. Eliot, Daniel Chester
French, Geo. W. Goethals, H. Rider Hag-
gard, Burton Holmes, Richard Le Galliene,

Upton Sinclair, Lorado Taft, Augustus
Thomas, Kate Douglas Wiggin and many
others. The booklet was compiled for the
association by Dr. Hugo Erichson, of De-
troit, former president of the association.
E. P. Sampson, 433 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh,
Pa., is Secretary of the Cremation Asso-
ciation.

Remodeling an Ancient Cemeterv in Costa Rica

In most of the ancient Spanish ceme-
teries of Central and South America ex-
tensive use has been made of catacombs,
or above ground interment in public
mausoleums. Cartago Cemetery, Cartago,
Costa Rica, in Central America, was vis-
ited some years ago by an earthquake and
the wrecking of the public catacombs has
lead the managers of the cemetery to take
steps to develop the grounds along mod-
ern lines. Hare & Hare, of Kansas City,
have been employed to make plans for the
cemetery, the development of which will
be one of the most interesting cemetery
problems of modern times.

Cartago is the capital of the province of
Cartago, Costa Rica. Its elevation is 4,930
feet above sea level, and it has a mean
temperature of 72 to 80 degrees Fahren-
heit. The average annual rainfall is 80
inches, almost any kind of fruit or flower
flourishing there.

The city is located on the south slope of
a volcano on a fertile plateau. This city
has been subjected to volcanic disturb-
ances, but little damage has been done be-
fore the earthquake that occurred at 7
p. m. on May 4, 1910.

Strange to say many of the southern
countries do not bury their dead below the
ground, but build catacombs above the
ground and rent or sell privileges of inter-
ment for stated periods of time. If re-
newal of the lease on the cript is not made,
the bones of the dead are removed to a
place prepared for them.

The picture shown is an actual scene in
the cemetery at Cartago following the
earthquake. Private and public mauso-
leums and catacombs were razed by the
earthquake shock. Monuments were
turned over and great rents in the earth
divided these structures and exposed to
view the coffins and bodies of the dead.

Following this earthquake and its de-
struction of structures above ground, the
Cartago Cemetery directors decided to
change their plans and bury their dead.
Many existing mausoleums and catacombs
were removed and plans were prepared by
Hare & Hare to make this property and
its extensions modern in every way.

Dr. Max Peralta wrote Park and Cem-
etery for advice and received several

copies of this paper. From the list of
landscape architects contained therein he
selected Hare & Hare who prepared lot
plans for this property and have now com-
pleted planting plans for the grounds.

The plans shown herewith were accept-
ed by the directors of the cemetery and all
the new ground opened will be platted ac-
cordingly.

Every effort will be made to carry out
the modern idea in cemetery development
using the unique flora of that country in
the planting, consisting of oak, cedar,
palms, umbrella tree, eucalyptus, magnolia.

bamboo, yucca, etc., besides many shrubs,
roses, herbaceous plants, and annuals.

The lots not numbered form the old
portion of the cemetery.

P1..4NO Gf-NERAl.

CmmilFJO ■ Db CARJACO

CiRUCO • COSTA RICl. • CI NTRO AM! RICA

PLAN FOR CARTAGO CLMETERY, CARTAGO, COSTA RICA.
Hare & Hare, Landscape Architects.

RUINS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MAUSOLEUMS IN
CARTAGO, COSTA RICA, AFTER EARTHQUAKE.

242

PARK AND CEMETERY

An Attractive Cemetery Entrance Effect

The very attractive entrance to Bloom-
ington Cemetery, Bloomington, 111., illus-
trated here, shows what a fine view can
be developed by careful attention at mod-
erate expense.

quinquefolia, and the planting around the
building contains, weigelas, viburnums, sy-
ringas, spiraea and altheas.

A comparison of an old illustration
taken several years ago with this one

which were broken into suitable sizes by
the cemetery labor at odd times. Portland
cement was used in laying the boulders,
which are backed up by bricks laid in
Louisville cement. The building was

ENTRANCE TO BLOOMINGTON CEMETERY, BLOOMINGTON, ILL.

The gate posts are three feet by three
feet and twelve inches high. The large
gateway is twelve feet wide and two small
ones each six feet ; the vines on the lodge
and gate posts are ampelopsis veitchii and

shows what a little planting and time for
its development will do for such situations.

The building shown is constructed of
boulders lirought from Chillicothe, 111.,

erected under the supervision of Arthur
J. Graves, superintendent, and its total cost
was $1,375, including freight and cemetery
labor.

G rozvth of the Modern Cemetery Idea

Address before the Rotary Club of Philadelphia by
George M. Painter, Siipt. Westminster Cemetery.

As Benjamin Franklin once said, 'T need
only visit a graveyard of a community to
know the character of the people."

The history of nations, never heard of by
people of this day, is being taught us from
their tombs: and from them we have proof
how strong a passion of the human heart
it is to adorn the resting place of the loved
and lost. Fashions change but the instincts
of mankind do not; and, as in the past, so
the men of the present, and the future will
never fail to cherish that dear spot where
they lay their dead.

The first record in the Bible of burial is
where, eighteen hundred years before the
dawn of Christian era, Abraham buried

Sarah, who was 127 years old and, in fact,
it is the first record in the Bible of the con-
veyance of real estate. Abraham paid
Ephron 400 shekels of silver ($250) for
the cave in which to bury Sarah.

To trace the history of cemeteries from
biblical times to the eighteenth century
would be too long and would probably not
interest you. I will therefore confine my-
self to a brief account of cemeteries from
the early settlement of the United States to
the present time. In early days the settlers
buried their dead in private cemeteries,
which were located on their farms or
plantations. The first record we have of
any cemetery in Philadelphia was Old

Swedes Church on Swanson Street. This
was followed by a number of others, such
as Christ Church Burial Grounds, at Fifth
and Arch Streets, and Friends’ Meeting
House, at Seventeenth and Race Streets,
and others. Up to 1834 the cemeteries were
either private or those connected with
churches. In that year, Mt. Auburn, in
Cambridge, Mass., the oldest suburban
cemetery in the United States, was dedi-
cated : and the following year a tract of
land on the east bank of the Schuylkill
River, near the Falls of Schuylkill, was
purchased by John J. Smith, Nathan Dunn
and others, and is now known as Laurel
Hill Cemetery. History tells us that Phila-

delphia had the second suburban cemetery
in the United States.

Up to 1856 there was no attempt made to
beautify and preserve cemeteries, when
Adolph Strauch, a noted landscape gar-
dener and engineer, suggested the removal
of the former antiquated garb of hedges,
wooden fences, bars and iron chains, run-
ning wild with all sorts of brush and un-
derwood. Meeting with little success here
in the East with the lotholders and owners
of cemeteries, Adolph Strauch took up the
work in Cincinnati, at Spring Grove Ceme-
tery. Today it is one of the most beautiful
in the United States. His efforts in this
direction, however, bore fruit, and his idea
is the plan for the now modern cemetery.

It was not until 1887 that a handful of
men representing some of the leading ceme-
teries in the United States, met in Cincin-
nati and formed what is now known as the
Association of American Cemetery Super-
intendents, under the leadership of the late
Charles Nichols, of Newark, N. J., to de-
vise ways and means to improve the ceme-
teries throughout the United States and
Canada. It is one of the three National
Societies to conserve the landscape garden-
ing and rural art of the country. Since
that time the association has met annually
and it has the co-operation of all the lead-
ing cemeteries in the United States and
Canada.

Practically all the cemeteries of the.small
cities of the United States are owned by
the city government and are under the con-
trol of the town board or council commit-
tee. These cemeteries are in no way self-
supporting, owing to the low price of lots
and graves, while some towns even give
each citizen a lot without cost, evidently
believing that everyone is entitled to his
four and six feet of mother earth. Is it

From the

All lots shall be held in pursuance of an
act entitled “An Act Relating to Member-
ship Corporations,” constituting Chapter
35 of Consolidated Laws, which became a
law February 17, 1909, and the acts amend-
atory thereof and supplementary thereto,
and shall not be used for any other pur-
pose than as a place for the burial of the
dead.

I. Proprietors shall not permit inter-
ments to be made in their lots for a re-
muneration, and if there be more than one
lot owner of a lot, no body of a dead per-
son shall be buried therein without the
consent of all the owners, unless such per-
son at the time of his death was an owner
of the lot or the wife or husband of an
owner, or a relative of such wife or hus-
band.

TI. Disinterments may be made on con-
sent of the cemetery corporation, and the
written consent of the owner or owners of

PARK AND CEMETERY

to be wondered at, then, that such ceme-
teries are neglected and become an eyesore
in the community?

Other cemeteries are owned by an asso-
ciation of lot holders and are controlled by
a board of trustees. But even these ceme-
teries are hampered by a lack of funds, and
very few have a perpetual care fund, which
can be remedied by charging more for the
lots and having a per cent of this revenue
set aside for perpetual care. As a rule, a
person only purchases a lot in a cemetery
once and there is no good reason why a
fair price should not be paid for it.

Many cemeteries are owned by fraternal
orders and religious organizations. Some
cemeteries are conducted as associations
composed of the lot owners and are not
for profit. Many of our best modern ceme-
teries are stock companies.

A mistake in the location of a cemetery
can never be remedied. In former years
a mistake commonly made was in selecting
a site too near the center of population,
often requiring the removal of the dead
after a few years to make room for the
living. It is also quite possible to have the
site too far away from the city, which
means added expense to everybody in get-
ting to it.

Land of a gently rolling character is best.
Such land lends itself admirably to the best
landscape effects, with gently curved drives
winding around the elevated sections. Flat
land is undesirable both on account of poor
drainage and poor landscape effects. There
is a sameness about flat land which cannot
be overcome by landscape work.

Until recently most cemetery plans were
made by civil engineers. Today such plans
are made by landscape architects who spe-
cially study cemetery needs. A good plan
will show gracefully curved drives running

Extracts from the Rules of JVood-
lazvn Cemetery, New York City.

the lot, and of the surviving wife, hus-
band, children, if of full age, and parents
of the deceased, but if the consent of any
such person can not be obtained, or if the
corporation refuses its consent, the con-
sent of the Supreme Court shall be suffi-
cient. Disinterments must be made by the
cemetery authorities.

III. All lot enclosures are prohibited.

IV. No corner stones are allowed above
the ground.

V. An order in writing is required from
a lot owner whenever a grave is to be
opened.

VI. The proprietor of a lot shall have
the right to erect any proper stones, monu-
ments, or sepulchral structures thereon,
except that no slabs shall be set in any
other than a horizontal position. All head-
stones are required to have a solid foun-
dation of mason work. Those exceeding

243

around the elevations, dividing the ceme-
tery into sections, large or small, according
to the topography. These sections are then
divided into lots to meet the needs of the
intending purchaser.

A general planting scheme for each sec-
tion should be carried out by the planting
of trees and shrubs as soon as the section
is at all improved. The trees and ever-
greens may well be planted several years
before a section is to be used for burials
and the shrubbery groups should be planted
as soon as the section is opened, while the
details of additional planting must be
worked out from time to time as the mon-
u:<Tients are placed.

The condition of the cemetery neces-
sarily hinges upon the regulations restrict-
ing the things which can be done by the
lotholder. Hence the special importance of
the right start in this respect.

The keynote of the modern cemetery
should be simplicity, for in simplicity lies
beauty and economy.

The old-time cemetery with its hetero-
geneous mass of stone work is fast falling
into disuse and in its place the modern
cemeteries, which are the pride of their re-
spective towns and cities, are coming into
being. This is an age of progress. Man is
continually trying to improve upon the past.
Improvement is the order of the day. We
know that certain events will occur and
that needs will be presented which must be
met either by ourselves or our families.
The acquisition o.f a final resting place is a
duty which everyone owes to himself and
his family.

Great cities are synonymous with great
places. Rome has its Vatican, Paris its
Louvre, London its Westminster, and
Philadelphia its Independence Hall and
Westminster cemetery.

Books

two feet in height above ground must be
placed on a cut-stone base raised upon a
solid foundation ; and no vault shall be
built entirely or partly above ground with-
out the permission of the cemetery authori-
ties, and all monuments and parts of vaults
above ground shall be of marble, granite
or other cut stone.

The proprietor of a lot shall also be
permitted to plant and cultivate shrubs and
plants in the same, but no trees growing
within the lot or border shall be cut down
or destroyed without the consent of the
cemetery authorities.

VII. If any trees or shrubs situated in
any lot shall by means of their roots or
branches become detrimental to the ad-
jacent lots or avenues, or unsightly or in-
convenient for passengers, it shall be the
duty of the cemetery authorities and they
shall have the right to enter the said lot
and remove the said trees and shrubs or

Cemetery Rule

244

PARK AND CEMETERY

such parts thereof as thej^ shall determine
to be detrimental, unsightly or incon-
venient.

VIII. If any monument, effigy or en-
closure, or any structure whatever, or any
inscription be placed in or upon any lot,
which shall be determined by the authori-
ties of the cemetery to be offensive or im-
proper or injurious to the appearance of
the surrounding lots or grounds, they shall
have the right, and it shall be their duty,
to enter upon said lot and remove the said
offensive or improper object.

IX. No sign indicating that a lot, vault
or tomb is for sale will be permitted in
the grounds.

X. The cemetery authorities may from
time to time lay out or alter the avenues
or walks or make such rules and regula-
tions for the government of the grounds
as they may deem recjuisite and proper to
secure and promote the general objects of
the cemetery.

XI. The proprietors of lots and their
families will be allowed access to their
lots subject to such rules and regulations
as may be adopted by the cemetery.

XII. All steps or stoops erected upon
lots must be made entirely of one stone.
None other will be allowed.

XIII. No metallic urns, monuments,
grave marks or anything of any shape in
metal will be allowed upon lots in the
cemetery except bronze statuary on stone
pedestals. In the latter case the plans and
specifications must be first submitted to
the cemetery authorities for their approval.

I. Grave mounds will not be allowed on
Aster, Butternut, Wlintergreen, Dahlia,
Acacia or Honeysuckle plots.

Mounds must not exceed four inches in
height on Dogwood, Pansy, Rose Hill,
Fill^ert, Wistaria, Golden-Rod, Whitewood
or Heather plots.

The cemetery recommends the elimina-
tion of all grave mounds.

II. The cemetery declines to be respon-
sible for chairs or settees placed upon lots;
and after May 1, 191(), no more chairs or
settees will be allowed.

III. Watering-cans or other gardening
utensils must not be left on lots; if so
found, they will be removed by the cem-
etery.

IV. Automobiles, carriages, or other ve-
hicles will not be allowed to proceed at a
greater speed than six miles per hour.

V. Dogs will not be allowed at large.

VI. Smoking will not be allowed.

VII. No advertisements in any form will
be allowed.

VIII. All persons are asked to remem-
ber that these grounds are sacredly de-
voted to the interment of the dead, and
that all who violate the regulations of the
cemetery will be excluded therefrom. Any
person who injures or disturbs any monu-
mental work, tree, shrub, plant, memorial
or anything whatever in the cemetery,
without authority, is guilty of a misde-
meanor and is punishable by a fine or im.-
prisonment, or both. The provisions of
the law will be strictly enforced in all cases
of wanton injury.

IX. A uniformed police force patrols
the entire cemetery day and night. A night
signal checking system guarantees the
thoroughness of the night patrol.

A station house with telephone connec-
tion is located near the Jerome Avenue
entrance.

Care of Lots Not Under Perpetual Care

Address before New England Cemetery Association by Henry
-S'. Adams, Supt. Forest Hills Cemetery, Boston, Mass.

The subject which I have been asked to
discuss today is one in which the superin-
tendent of every cemetery, all of which is
not under perpetual care, should be vitally
interested and probably has pretty def-
inite ideas upon. The following paper will,
I hope, lead you to a full discussion of the
subject and be of some help to the members
present. I come to you today well adver-
tised by our worthy secretary, and I trust
you will not be disappointed in what I have
to say.

In discussing the subject it seems to me
we should compare the attention that is
given a lot under perpetual or annual care
with that care which is given practically
every lot in our New England cemeteries,
even though nothing has ever been paid by
the lot owner, and consider only the addi-
tional expense necessary to bring all lots
under equal care. Comparing these we
realize that it is merely a question of de-
gree, that is, all lots get some attention
although the perpetual care lots receive the
most.

We should start in with the idea that if
we are going to give our patrons full value
no lot or grave in any cemetery should be
sold without perpetual care, and that the
question asked refers only to cemeteries
where lots were formerly sold without per-
petual care of grass, and the problem is,
what to do with these lots. Since Forest
Hills became a lot owners’ corporation in
1868 no lot has been sold without perpetual
care of grass. Unfortunately this rule was
not made with reference to single graves

with the result that we now have several
large sections in which, within a few years,
graves could be purchased without perpetual
care. These sections are now and always
will be a burden to the cemetery and,
although no endowment for perpetual care
is provided we will have to give them a cer-
tain amount of care if we wish to maintain
a well kept cemetery and the longer this
kind of land is sold in any cemetery the
greater will be the burden, or the more
neglected will certain parts of the cemetery
appear.

The only excuse for selling lots and
graves without perpetual care of grass is
that of expense to the purchaser, or if the
cemetery is owned by a city or town that is
willing to either neglect the graves of its
townspeople or willing to indefinitely pile
up obligations for the future generations. I
cannot see any possible excuse or justice in
a proprietors' cemetery not looking out for
the future. As far as cities and towns go
we all well know that the expenses for
managing them are increasing from year
to year and I do not see how large areas of
valuable land can be sold in this way and
become a burden to the public which will
increase from year to year indefinitely.

The question of free lots and graves for
the city’s paupers is a different matter from
selling lots and graves to the general public
without perpetual care. This is charity and
should be looked upon as such. We do not,
however, consider it is charity to allow
people to provide expensive funerals and
bury in cheap graves and lots which will

always be a burden to the public to main-
tain. All this, however, is but an introduc-
tion to our subject, “Does it pay to care
for lots and graves which are not under
Perpetual Care?” When we stop selling lots
and graves without perpetual care we must
begin to increase what we may call free
care on the old sections in proportion to
their age. .At Forest Hills, for instance,
most of those lots which are not now under
care will be placed under perpetual care
slowly or not at all. We feel that what
money we spend in taking care of these
old lots is perhaps the best spent money
in the cemetery as far as results are con-
cerned. Since 1911 all lots in the cemetery
have had the grass cut regularly whether
under perpetual care, annual care or no
care and since that time we have not heard
a statement fairly made that perpetual care
lots are only cared for as long as the lot
owners make periodical complaints at the
cemetery office. If lots appear neglected
few visitors realize it is because the lots are
not under care and not the fault of the
cemetery management.

We made an attempt some years ago in
Forest Hills to have the old lots placed
under perpetual care in a section where
only a part of them were. Every lot owner
in this section was written a letter and the
matter was followed up for some time by
means of other letters and a card catalogue
of results kept. The experiment was prac-
tically a failure and our conclusion was
that many of the proprietors had passed
away and that the present heirs either could

not afford to place the lots under perpetual
care or were not interested enough to do so.
Comparatively little was gained by this
attempt and it is fair to assume that after
a certain number of years have passed it is
very difficult to get old lots placed under
perpetual care unless some provision for
doing so has been made by will and they
automatically come under perpetual care
when some member of the family dies. Let
me emphasize right here that we are talk-
ing now about lots which were sold nearly
fifty years ago and during that period many
attempts have been made to have the lots
placed under perpetual care by letters, cir-
culars and personal appeal.

Let us now consider the care which
should be given every lot in a well kept
cemetery. The surface of the ground
should be kept level, graves raised imme-
diately after sinking, season of the year
permitting, and the lot covered with a good
growth of grass which is kept reasonably
free from weeds and regularly cut dur-
ing the growing season ; all dead leaves,
flowers, etc., to be cleaned from the lots
as needed and the grass fertilized at least
once a year under ordinary conditions. If
there are any trees or shrubs on or near
the lot these should be cultivated, pruned
and kept free from insect pests. All stone
work should be erected on foundations
built by the cemetery and therefore kept in
place without expense to the lot owner as
part of the guarantee given by the cemetery
when building the foundation. Cleaning of
monuments should be optional with the lot
owner and only attempted when special ar-
rangements for that purpose are made. If
placed under perpetual care a special fund
should be charged for that purpose.

If we started our cemetery without an
arrangement for perpetual care we made
a mistake and should we not share part
of the penalty? This is the way we now
feel at Forest Hills and now it seems only
right that we should give all lots practi-
cally the same care as far as the general
work is concerned. Let me say here that
I believe that a lot owner whose lot is under
annual care should pay enough annually to
provide exactly the same care as a lot
under perpetual care. Let me also say that

PARK AND CEMETERY

should the cemetery feel that it cannot af-
ford to continue the free care on old lots
it can at any time stop that work as no
guarantee has ever been given.

What New England cemetery does not
give a certain amount of free care? Are
not practically all lots cut several times a
year? Why? Because it has been found it
pays, either for the looks of the cemetery
or Ijecause the growth of weeds menaces
the cared for sections. How much more
does it really cost to cut all lots all the
time? Why should we not raise all sunken
graves even if we have to charge enough
for our interments to cover the cost? Why
should we forever try to give people a
cheap job when what they want is a well
kept cemetery and when the matters are
explained to them the majority are willing
to pay the bill ? Why should we allow them
to plant trees and shrubs unless we are
willing to see that they have decent care?
We do not attempt to take care of annual
plants on lots and the time may come and
I hope soon when these can be eliminated.
The cost for their care is beyond us and
for that reason I only mention them in
passing.

In single grave sections where graves
have been sold without perpetual care of
the grass we do not attempt to give much
free care for the reason that the expense
of putting graves under perpetual care is
not so large and we feel it is well worth
making the graves not under perpetual care
object lessons. We are, however, gradually
giving the older single grave sections more
care than the newer ones ; in fact, we have
two small sections of single graves which
are very old and to which we give the same
care given to lot sections.

It may be interesting to quote from a
letter received October 1st, from one of the
largest Chicago cemeteries.

‘‘For the first time in history this year
during the latter part of the season we
have discontinued cutting the grass on the
uncared for lots. As an actual fact this is
the line of a campaign which we are under-
taking, but we do not find that it is saving
us a great deal of money. I am pretty well
convinced of one thing and that is that if
we abolished all the grave mounds and

245

carefully and properly cut the grass on all
lots in the cemetery it would not cost us as
much r.s it does now to cut the grass on the
perpetual and annual care lots including the
trimming of the mounded graves. At that I
think we have as small a percentage of
mounded graves as do most of the ceme-
teries which are not absolutely prohibiting
them.”

Finally, what is the result of our experi-
ence? Our old lots are being placed under
care as rapidly now as they were ten years
ago. Our perpetual care fund is growing
from this source just as fast. In the
single grave sections we are slowly gaining
in number of graves under perpetual care
in the recently sold sections owing to the
object lesson of comparison of no care
graves with those under perpetual care.
The whole cemetery looks better by far
than it used to under the old method and
the number of complaints from lot owners
is very materially reduced ; in fact, we
might almost say we do not have an}'. It is
certain that as a means of advertising there
seems to be nothing better as is shown by
comparing our results in lot sales with that
of cemeteries in the West, where actual ad-
vertising has been tried. In a reply from
another Chicago cemetery man on this
point I find he strongly advocates care as
the best advertising medium obtainable and
emphasizes the fact that it is cumulative in
results. Certainly our lot sales during the
last six years average very much aljove
those of any previous six years.

In discussing this subject I believe we
may say it is only the degree of care we are
after and that the little extra care neces-
sary in the older sections of the cemetery
is a very small item of expense when we
consider the results. Lastly let us realize
our first duty to our lot owners is to keep
the cemetery beautiful and do the things
they want done if it is a possible thing.
I say by all means it does pay to care for
lots which are not under perpetual care
and that, that care should increase as the
sections become older where no care lots
are to be found until every lot or grave
in the cemetery has practically the same
care. How better can we spend that part
of our income which is given over to the
general embellishment of the cemetery?

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Discussion on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions vchich will be an-
szvered by an attorney without charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Church Cemeteries and Special
Assessments

The Minnesota Supreme Court has af-
firmed judgment in favor of the city of St.
Paul in litigation with the local diocese of
the Roman Catholic church, affecting the
right of the city to enforce against cem-
etery grounds of the church a special

assessment on account of a sewer improve-
ment constructed in an abutting street.

The court holds that the church could
not claim exemption from liability for the
assessment on the theory that the society
was a public cemetery association, within
the provision of section 6286 of the Min-
nesota Statutes : “The lands and property
of any such cemetery association shall be
exempt from all public taxes and assess-

ments." It is decided that Calvary Cem-
etery, the grounds in question (and, by the
way, the court notes the interesting fact
that the cemetery was established two
years before Minnesota became a state),
must be regarded as a mere adjunct of
the religious society’s activities.

And it is declared that right to claim
exemption as a private cemetery was pre-
cluded by the fact that there had been no

246

PARK AND CEMETERY

compliance with the statutes of the state
relating to such cemeteries. These stat-
utes provide, in effect, that a religious cor-
poration may establish a cemetery by filing
with the register of deeds of the county
a recorded plat of the cemetery grounds,
and that “all lands, not exceeding one hun-
dred acres in extent, so laid out and dedi-
cated as a private cemetery, shall he ex-
empt from public taxes and assessments,’’
etc. The decision establishes the point
that filing of a plat is essential to exempt
burial grounds from taxation, so far as
private cemeteries are concerned.

The holding of the court does not, how-
ever, recognize the right of the city to
levy assessments against land actually oc-
cupied by graves, but on the contrary
shows that the assessment must be col-
lected out of land still held by the church
for sale as lots. The court said : “It would
be unthinkable that land actually in use
for burial purposes should or could be
sold.’’

The decision also recognizes a strong
policy of the state to favor exemption of
cemeteries from taxation, but holds that
the exemption must be declared by the
legislature, and not the courts. This de-
cision conforms to the holdings of other
courts in other states on the point that
cemeteries are e.xempt from taxation for
local improvements only so far as the
grounds are actually occupied by graves,
or only so far as some law granting an
express exemption can be pointed out. So,
exemption failed in this case because the
cemetery was not owned by a “public cem-
etery association,” nor by a private asso-
ciation which had recorded any plat.

The case was one in which a sewer
assessment approximating $2,000 levied by
the City of St. Paul against the Catholic
diocese of St. Paul as owner of Calvary
Cemetery.

The exemption claim of the diocese is
overruled and the cemetery exemption law
is held not to apply. It does not appear
that the assessment in question cannot be
collected in the usual course out of lands
of the cemetery not in use for burial pur-
poses, the opinion says, and no error by
St. Paul officials in levying of the taxes.

Right to Control Lot Improvement

“Are we within our legal rights in ex-
cluding a monument dealer who has made
himself objectionable and failed to do
good w'ork, from doing work in our cem-
etery while the owner of the lot insists
upon it?” — Cem. Assn., Va.

Although the ground of complaint
against the particular monument dealer is
not stated with sufficient definiteness to en-
able us to give a specific opinion on the
cemetery’s right to exclude him, a con-
clusion governing the case may be drawn
from a statement of well established legal
principles which have been laid down by
the courts in similar cases.

That a certain monument dealer has a
poor reputation for skill or integrity in

his dealings is, in my judgment, enough to
warrant cemetery authorities in refusing
to grant him permission to do work on
the grounds. It is their right, if not strong
duty, to exclude him in the interest of the
decent appearance of the ornamental struc-
tures in the cemetery, and as a means of
protecting lot owners against the imposi-
tion upon them which would follow from
giving a slouchy or irresponsible man free
rein.

The power of cemetery authorities i.s
even broader than this. They may adopt
rules which reserve to the association con-
trol of such matters as the construction of
foundations, trimming of grass on lots,
planting of flowers, etc., and these rules
are binding on all persons who become lot
holders after or adoption of the rules, or
who bought their lots subject to regula-
tions to be adopted in the future, as well
as those rules in force at the time of their
purchase.

Rut cemeteries must exercise these pow-
ers in good faith. While, on one hand,
they are entitled to secure the best inter-
ests of the association, the lot holders at
large and of the public by adopting reason-
able rules and by excluding objectionable
persons, they are legally powerless to adopt
arbitrary measures which unjustly inter-
fere with a lot owner’s reasonable enjoy-
ment of his rights, or which is designed
merely to give one or a few outsiders a
monopoly of the patronage of lot holders
except as against persons buying lots while
such measures are in force.

A monument dealer who does hotchy
work may he kept out of a cemetery for
very much the same reasons that a doctor
of had reputation might he excluded from
an office building which caters to reputable
physicians only. But he cannot be ex-
cluded because of his political faith or re-
ligious belief, nor because the cemetery
authorities have some personal grudge
against him, disconnected from his ability
and willingness to serve his patrons with
reasonable skill and integrity. Nor are the
cemetery authorities entitled to discrim-
inate against one monument dealer for
the main purpose of favoring his com-
petitor. An attempt to do this is nothing
less than an outrage against both lot hold-
er and the dealer discriminated against.
The lot holder is entitled to the benefits
of all reasonable competition in the pur-
chase of monuments, etc., and all legiti-
mate dealers are entitled to unhampered
opportunities for extending their trade.
The cemetery authorities may require ap-
proval of plans and specifications by them-
selves before improvements may be con-
structed over graves, in the interest of a
uniform scheme of improvement affecting
the entire cemetery, but they have no right
to build up a monopoly as a matter of pure
favoritism, except as a lot owner may
have agreed thereto when buying his lot.

Reference to a few court decisions may
serve to make the law on this subject
somewhat clearer.

In the case of Roanoke Cemetery Co.
vs. Goodwin, 101 Virginia Reports, 605,
the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals
sustained the validity of a regulation of
the plaintiff association, imposing a grave
fee in favor of the cemetery superintend-
ent, as compensation for opening and re-
filling graves and for removing surplus
dirt from lots and a subsequent amend-
ment of the rule whereby the fee became
due regardless of who should do the work.

One Bowles bought a lot in plaintiff
cemetery and later undertook to have a
grave opened by defendant, an under-
taker, without compliance with the cem-
etery company’s rules. The company
brought suit to enjoin defendant from ever
opening graves in the grounds without
complying with the cemetery rules. De-
fendant resisted the suit on the ground
that the rules were unreasonable and un-
just, and tended to create a monopbly in
favor of the cemetery superintendent, and
on the further ground that a $5 grave fee
was excessive.

The evidence showed that the fee was
somewhat in excess of the actual cost of
opening and refilling a grave, but that it
was no higher than other cemetery com-
panies imposed for similar service.

The trial judge ruled that the superin-
tendent’s services should be compensated
by way of salary paid out of the com-
pany’s general funds ; that the work of
opening graves and other duties pertaining
to interments should be left open to legiti-
mate competition ; and that, in any event,
a lot holder should not be held liable for
more than the actual cost of service ren-
dered by the superintendent.

But the cemetery company appealed from
this decision and won out in the Supreme
Court of Appeals, which decided the fol-
lowing points:

A lot holder has no absolute dominion
over his lot; he holds a peculiar title, dif-
ferent from that pertaining to ordinary
real estate. He has an exclusive right to
bury in the lot, “subject to the general
proprietorship and control of the associa-
tion, in whom the legal title is lodged. All
purchasers from such companies are af-
fected with notice of the limitations placed
upon their holdings by the law of the land,
and the charter, constitution and by-laws
of the company made in pursuance there-
of.”

The higher court decided that plaintiff’s
rules were valid, especially since they ap-
peared to be “reasonable, and equal in their
operation, and uniform in their applica-
tion to all owners of lots in the cemetery.”

Referring to the decree appealed from,
the Supreme Court of Appeals also said :

“The decree is amenable to the further
objection that it undertakes to prescribe
rules and regulations for the management
of the company, to the extent even of de-
termining the fund out of which the salary
of the superintendent shall be paid. It is
not permissible for a court to thus sub-
stitute its own business discretion and

i

judgment for that of the company; its
visatorial powers have no such scope.”

On the point here involved, we may
quote the further language of the court :
‘‘The contention . . . that the rules and
regulations in question are in restraint of
trade is without merit. That doctrine has
no application to the case of a private
cemetery conducting its affairs in its own
way, and by agents of its own selection,
for the bona fide purpose of effectuating
the objects for which the company was
organized.”

It has been decided by the Connecticut
Supreme Court that it is a reasonable
regulation that lot owners who desire to
have their lots and graves sodded, grass
cut, and flowers and shrubbery planted,
trimmed, or removed, shall have the work
done under the direction of the superin-
tendent at certain moderate prices, and
that no person shall be permitted to do
such work at the instance of individual lot
owners. (State vs. Scoville, 78 Connecticut
Reports, 00.) In a similar case (Cedar
Hill Cemetery Co. vs. Lees, 22 Pennsyl-
vania Superior Court Reports, 405, 410),
it was said :

‘‘Ordinarily, a cemetery is laid out and
planned according to a fixed scheme as to
improvement of the real estate, the erec-
tion of monuments, enclosure of lots, the
character of trees and shrubbery to be
planted and ornamentation in general.
Anything which interferes with this gen-
eral scheme is not only detrimental and
injurious to the scheme itself but to every
lot which enters into the combination. It
is of the first importance, therefore, that
the association should assume and retain
the absolute control, as is subject to be
done in and by the deeds of conveyance
and the by-laws and regulations of the
plaintiff company, of the erection of monu-
ments and partitions between lots, the
planting of trees and shrubbery and the
general subject of ornamentation. This,
in the very nature of the case can be
done only under the supervision of one
person, and in this case that person is the
superintendent of the cemetery, who acts
under the direction of and is supposed to
be familiar with the plans and purposes
and general scheme of improvements of
the association. ... It is difficult to see
how the rights of individual lot owners in
respect to those things which are or may
become objectionable to adjacent lots can
he properly conserved without some such
general and indeed exclusive control of
the ornamentation of all lots as is pro-
vided for in the by-laws to which excep-
tion is taken. . . . There is no objection to
the regulation of the plaintiff association
on the ground of excessive charges or that
the work necessary to be done in and
about the care of lots of lot owners has
not been faithfully and tastefully per-
formed whenever requested.”

In the Pennsylvania case it appeared
that a gardener who had been previously
employed by lot owners, individually, to

PARK AND CEMETERY

trim their lots, was notified that after a
certain time he would be excluded from
the cemetery under a newly adopted rule
reading as follows :

“To prevent confusion from the intro-
duction of variety of workmen, the trus-
tees have made arrangements to have all
the excavating, as well as the building of
foundations for enclosures and for monu-
ments, the sodding of lots and graves and
cutting of grass, planting of flowers,
shrubbery, and trimming of the same, etc.,
performed under the direction of the
superintendent at moderate prices.”

A suit was agreed upon to test the
validity of the by-law, and resulted in
favor of the association, as above indi-
cated.

There are two noteworthy decisions in
which it is held that, under the circum-
stances involved in the cases decided by
them, lot owners could not be deprived of
the right to have a grave dug by their
own emplo3'es, or to care for their lots
( Ritchey vs. Canton, 46 Illinois Appellate
Court Reports, 185, and Silverwood vs. La-
trobe, 68 Maryland Court of Appeal Re-
ports, 620). But those were cases where
attempts had been made to shut off rights,
which had long been exercised by the lot
holders, by regulations to which they had
never assented. These decisions respect
the rule laid down by other courts that all
lot holders are hound by rules and regula-
tions in force at the time of their purchase.

Disposition of Cemetery Lot Sale
Proceeds

An interesting law suit involving the
rights of lot owners to compel trustees of
an unincorporated cemetery association to
account for proceeds expended for other
than cemetery purposes was passed upon
the other day Iiy the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court in the case of Seitzinger and others
against Becker and others, 101 Atlantic
Reporter, 650.

A coal company deeded a tract of land
to the trustees of an Odd Fellow’s lodge
on express condition that the land be im-
proved, managed and held for the sole pur-
pose of a general cemetery, “for the use of
the people of the borough of Tamaquaand
vicinity, and no discrimination shall be
made for or against any portion of the in-
habitants, but the rules and regulations of
said cemetery shall be so formed as to se-
cure equal rights and privileges to all,” etc.

The trustees invested part of the pro-
ceeds of lot sales in improving the burial
grounds and in extending them and part in
buildings used for other purposes of the
lodge disconnected from the cemetery, such
as lodge halls, etc. Complaining of this di-
version of cemetery proceeds, plaintiffs,
owners of lots in the cemetery, brought
suit to compel the trustees to account for
the funds so misapplied and to enjoin fu-
ture misapplications. The trial judge
granted the relief demanded, and this de-

247

cree has been affirmed by the Supreme
Court on an appeal taken by the trustees.

The first point made by the trustees in
their defense was that because plaintiffs
constituted only a part of the people of
the borough and its vicinity, all of whom
are interested in the matter, they could not
maintain the suit. But the court applied
Ihe rule of equity practice that where par-
ties interested in litigation are very numer-
ous, and cannot all be brought into the
suit as actual parties without great incon-
venience and oppressive delay, the suit
may proceed at the instance of a part of
the persons interested.

Coming to the main question whether the
trustees were entitled to charge more
money for lots and the right of sepulcher
than was necessary for the improvement
and maintenance of the cemetery, and to
use the surplus for outside purposes of the
lodge, and interpreting the language of
the deed under which the trustees held the
land, the court said ;

“While the persons for whose use and in
whose interest this grant was made may be
somewhat indefinite by reason of the geo-
graphical limits stated, yet the intent, ob-
ject and purpose of the grantor, as to what
use shall be made of said land is very
clearly and specifically stated, and posi-
tively limited, and does in no way include
Harmony Lodge as a beneficiary for the
use, occupancy, or enjoyment of any of the
land, or any proceeds, increments or bene-
fits arising out of or from said land, incon-
sistent with the purposes and provisions of
the grant.”

Finding that the trustees had acted in
good faith, and in honest mistake as to
their control over the lot sale proceeds, the
court declared that there was no ground for
substitution of new trustees, but granted an
order compelling defendants to account for
misapplied funds and enjoined them from
future misapplications. “Said moneys, with
the accruing interest,” the court further or-
dered, “shall be invested and appropriated
from time to time for the perpetual mainte-
nance and proper care of said piece of
ground, for the purpose of sepulcher, under
the provisions set forth in said deed.”

Taxation of Unused Cemetery
Property

Applying the cemetery laws of New Jer-
sey in the late case of Fairview Heights
Cemetery Co. vs. Fay, 101 Atlantic Re-
porter, 405, the Supreme Court of New
Jersey decided that plaintiff was not entitled
to claim as exempt from taxation real prop-
erty which remained in its natural state,
although held for prospective use for burial
purposes. The court said :

“The cemetery acts have frequently been
before this court, in various aspects of liti-
gation, and from the views expressed as
the result of those adjudications, the fol-
lowing principles may be gleaned. The
fundamental rule pervading all exemptions
from the general tax burdens of the state

248

PARK AND CEMETERY

is that they are not favored by the law, and
will not be construed to exist unless the
statute invoked to support them expresses
the legislative intention in clear and unmis-
takable terms. * * * Jn enacting legis-

lation of this general character whose main
and fundamental purpose is the protection
under proper management of the bodies of
the dead, it is not reasonable to assume that
the power conceded by the Legislature to
cemetery associations, for that purpose, is
so comprehensive in scope as to enable
them to purchase tracts of territory, and to
hold them unimproved and undeveloped for
any purpose, out of the taxable assets of
township, county and state assessments. If
such a construction of this legislation were
to be admitted, there would appear to be no
limit to the bounds of the ownership of the
corporation, within the terms prescribed in
the act, except the financial carrying ca-
pacity of the corporation itself. * * k

The mere organization of a company, un-
der the cemetery acts, and the purchase of
land thereafter, without expenditure to im-
prove or develop it, but the mere passive
holding of the land, is not enough to bring
the claim for exemption within the language
and spirit of this legislation. Ownership
and use seem to be the legislative tests
upon which an exemption from taxation of
this character may legally be based.”

The Obituary Record

George E. Rhedemeyer, superintendent
and general manager of Harleigh Cemetery,
Camden, N. J., died suddenly October 7 of
acute indigestion. Since the founding of
Harleigh Cemetery in 1885, Mr. Rhede-
m.eyer has been affiliated with the beautiful
burial ground. It was the work of Mr..
Rhedemeyer in landscape gardening that
made Harleigh the beautiful spot it is. He
had been frequently sought for expert ad-
vice in planning cemeteries.

The deceased was the founder of the
“Oaks,” one of the elite residence sections
of Camden county. He was president of
the Twentieth Century Building and Loan
Association and secretary of the Camden
Motor Club. At his death he was one of
the four owners of Harleigh. He was also
a member of Trimble Lodge, No. 117, F.
and A. M.

A widow and two daughters, Mrs. Helen
Haines, of Rydal, Pa., and Miss Jessie
Rhedemeyer, survive him. He was fifty-
seven years of age. He was a member of
the Association of American Cemetery Su-
perintendents, and the funeral was attend-
ed by the following members of that or-
ganization : Christian G. Simon, of Mt.
Peace; W. N. Kiefer, of Ardsley; W. Win-
ters, of Northwood; W. Ricker, of Hill-
side; George Hitchcock, of Riverside, Nor-
ristown, Pa.; Mr. Wilson, of Arlington,
Camden, N. J., and George M. Painter, of
Philadelphia. The association also sent a
floral offering.

Cobble Stone Drinking Fountain

J. A. Wendorph, superintendent of
Roseland Park Cemetery, Birmingham,
Mich., has constructed some very inexpen-
sive and attractive cobblestone drinking
fountains, one of which is illustrated here.
The fountain is made of cobble-stones
about 2 to 3 inches in diameter. For the
bottom Mr. Wendorph uses half of a 50
gallon barrel. It is set level and the cob-
ble-stones laid inside by hand. For the
top barrel staves inverted are used. The

COBBLE-STONE DRINKING
FOUNTAIN.

ASKED AND

Cemetery Advertising

A. L. Gale, Chicago.

Dear Sir: Your paper on “'Dignified Ad-
vertising” read before the recent convention
of Cemetery Superintendents, and published
in “Park and Cemetery,’’ makes very in-
teresting reading, Mr. Gale, but I would
like to ask you, how can advertising be suc-
cessful without a “punch"’ in it, and how in
the world are you going to put a “punch”
into a dignified cemetery ad? Our experi-
ence is, that as the undertaker sees the peo-
ple first, he is generally the controlling in-
fluence in designating the cemetery. Where
competition exists for cemetery business,
what kind of “punch” can be put into a
cemetery ad that will attract the attention
in a manner that will influence people to
exercise their own discretion without the

staves are placed close enough together
so that the stones do not fall through while
they are being laid in. When completed
the work is allowed to stand for 24 hours;
then pointed up and the joints brushed
out with a stiff brush.

With a few shrubs planted near they
make a cool and inviting drinking place.
They have many of these throughout the
grounds and they are appreciated and
patronized freely by the people as well as
by the birds.

The Cover Illustration

The entrance to Smithfield Cemetery,
Pittsburgh, Pa., illustrated on the cover
of this issue, is a good typical example of
the massive post type of entrance gateway.

This is an entrance structure particularly
appropriate to a cemetery as suggesting
massiveness, permanence and simplicity.
The variety of effects that can be secured
by the treatment and construction of the
posts, make possible a number of interest-
ing monumental and architectural composi-
tions.

Posts of this character in stone, brick or
concrete, may be designed to harmonize
with the landscape or the buildings near
the entrance, and vases, lamps or other or-
namental details may be added to secure
an effect as ornate and impressive as
might be desired.

The height of the posts and their size
should be determined by the width and lay-
out of the drive and walk gates, and the
character of the office or entrance struc-
tures that are included in the general en-
trance view.

These entrance gates were built by the
Stewart Iron Works Company of Cincin-
nati who have a variety of interesting de-
signs of this character to suit any park or
cemetery entrance problem.

ANSWERED

cemetery getting in bad with the under-
taker?— Cem. Ass’n.

I am quite interested in your question re-
garding the necessary “punch” in advertis-
ing, and I note that you are at a loss to
understand how this element can be injected
into cemetery advertising.

It seems to me that in this case the prin-
cipal essential would have to be called by
some other name. I agree with you that
the word “punch’’ would scarcely fit in this
case, and I would prefer to call it “atmos-
phere.” It seems to me that the first requi-
site of good advertising is to find out just
exactly what one has to sell and then let
that be the dominant note in advertising,
whether it be called punch, atmosphere or
by any other name.

In the case of a cemetery the important
point might be beauty of location, attrac-

An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department

k

tiveness from the standpoint of the land-
scape gardener, convenient location with
reference to transportation lines, etc., or
all of these and others. Any good cemetery
has certain advantages to sell, and the pur-
pose of advertising is unquestionably to
sell a product on the basis of what that
product has to offer.

I agree with you that in the ordinary
case the undertaker is the controlling in-
fluence in designating the cemetery, but my
contention is that the same rule would ap-
ply here that applies in any other depart-
ment of merchandising, and that is that
public demand regulates and controls the
action of the distributor or of any others
who have to do with delivering a product
to the ultimate consumer. For instance, the
storekeeper sells what the people want. He
has a respect for public demand. In your
case the point of contact between the public
and you might be the undertaker, but the
average undertaker is not going to set him-
self against public opinion or public de-
mand any more than the average business
man, who has a keen sense of the fitness of
things is going to set himself against a de-
mand created for some particular product.

In ordinary merchandising we call the
efforts of dealers against articles that are
asked for, substitution. In your case the
undertaker who went contrary to public de-
mand would be attempting to practice sub-
stitution, and advertising is the greatest in-
fluence in overcoming substitution in the
world. If you build a wall of good will,
reputation and prestige around your ceme-
tery, through advertising, you will find un-
dertakers much more willing and eager to
recommend it as an ideal burial place.

Chicago. A. L. G.\le.

Cost of Cemetery Lot

Editor Asked and Answered : A man
proposed to buy a cemetery lot, in advance
of his immediate needs, and when the price
was given him he offered less. His offer
was, of course, refused, as we do not devi-
ate from the fixed prices. He then began
to argue and then to figure it as ordinary
ground. I hardly know how to answer such
an absurdity and will be glad to hear from
some of your readers under “Asked and An-
swered” how they answer objections as to
prices. — Cem. Co.

Purchasers of cemetery lots, like the rest
of humanity, often use arguments that are
frivolous and illogical. It is the work of a
good salesman to assume that they are the
emanations of clear thinking minds, and
not to irritate dismissing them as un-
worthy of attention. Cemetery land is es-
sentially different from any other purchase,
because it is relieved from all outside bur-
dens of taxation, betterment and other ex«
penses ; because it bas to be prepared for
the purpose for which it is to be dedicated;
because large portions of the cemetery are
laid off as ornamental ground ; because
there are fences, administration buildings
and the like to be erected and maintained.

PARK AND CEMETERY

and because in all modern cemeteries a
fund has to be set aside for that and the
care of the lot. A very slight examination
of the ordinary expenses of an ordinarj^
cemetery will show the difference between
a lot situated there and one on, say, a resi-
dential street where the grading, building
sidewalks and other things have to be paid
for apart from the price of the lot.

J. C. SCORGIE, Supt.,

Cambridge, Mass. Mt. Auburn, Cem.

As to what answers should be given to a
customer who argues that the price of lots
is too high, it seems to me that in so far
as possible the first thing to be done is to
let him do all the talking and not allow
yourself to argue. This sometimes seems
impossible but the more you argue the
worse off you are as a general rule in my
experience. If a man argues that cemetery
land is nothing but ordinary land with all
the obligations which the cemetery has
when it sells the land, I have never yet
found anyone who, when this was ex-
plained, did not stop arguing even though
they may not have been willing to pay the
price asked. I should recommend that your
subscriber explain these matters in detail
to a man of this sort, stating that there is
but one price to all and thus refuse to argue,
A statement made in an argument is very
apt to be distorted when your customer
talks it over with his friends and makes a
bad impression. Fortunately, in my expe-
rience, customers of this sort are very rare
and I do not think it is well to pay too
much attention to them even though the
sale of a lot is lost.

Henry S. Adams, Supt.,

Forest Hills Cem.

Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Horticulturists, nurserymen and planters
generally are showing a lively interest in
the new hedge plant, “Box Barberry,” that
was described in these pages last month.
Most of the leading nurserymen through-
out the country have already placed orders
with the view of propagating a large stock,
so that it will be ready for distribution
when introduced in 1919. The intense au-
tumnal crimsons and yellows which this
charming little dwarf plant is now taking
on make it very beautiful in the fall. The
blocks containing the original stock of box
barberry at the nurseries of the Elm City
Nursery Co. now present an effect similar
to a blanket of brilliant crimson and gold.
At their office grounds is a formal ever-
green garden, bordered with box barberry.
The strong contrast of color effect of this
box barberry border with its intense au-
tumnal colorings contrasting with the
green of the evergreens, is brilliant beyond
description, adding a garden feature here-

249

If it is worth while to pay any particular
attention to the complaints of a man of that
type, he might be advised that in general
the original cost of the ground for a ceme-
tery bears a very small proportion, indeed,
to the cost of the finished cemetery, area by
area. Of course that cost varies in differ
ent locations and under different conditions
This cost includes in addition to the level-
ing, grading, fertilizing and planting of the
sections, the sewers and sewer outlet, the
water pipes, the drives, the enclosure, the
buildings, the vault and chapel, and all
other things of this kind. They are placed
in the cemetery for the use of the lot owner
and are properly chargeable against the de-
velopment cost. Also 15 to 25 per cent of
the cemetery area is wasted in walks, drives,
reserve spaces and the like.

1 should say, roughly, that in modern
cemeteries of average extent the actual cost
of the finished land may fairly be consid-
ered at five times the value of the land
itself as a minimum and will run from that
up to twenty times that amount.

In addition to this is the question of
maintenance and service. Quite likely the
gentleman in question might be able to buy
an acre of ground for the price he would
have to pay for a good family lot in the
cemetery. No doubt it would be in good
shape and he could dig a hole and make
burials in it, but it would not be a ceme-
tery. Therefore, a comparison of the price
between a cemetery lot and something which
is not a cemetery lot and cannot he made
a cemetery lot, is a comparison which no
person is justified in making.

W. N. Rudd, Prest.,

Chicago. Mt. Greenwood Cem.

tofore unknown with formal garden au-
tumn effects, practicable by using box bar-
berry as a border.

A. H. Hill, of the D. Hill Nursery Co.,
at Dundee, 111., has just returned from a
trip through northern Wisconsin, where
he succeeded in locating a long needled
and large coned type of Abies Balsamea.
This is a form that Prof. Sargent of the
Arnold Arboretum is exceedingly inter-
ested in, and one that he has been trying
to locate in the wild state for some time.
The type is noticeably different from the
common balsam ; it has a darker and richer
coloring, the needles are longer, and the
cones are considerably larger. Another
marked characteristic is that the trees hold
their lower branches, and even the very
old trees are perfect specimens. Prof.
Sargent calls this type Abies Balsamea
Macrocarpa, and describes it as being an
exceptionally beautiful and desirable type
of fir.

PARK NEWS.

250

PARK AND CEMETERY

The report of the Board of Park Com-
missioners of Wilmington, Del., presents
a statement of work done by this depart-
ment, together with a report of the re-
ceipts and expenditures for the year end-
ing December 31, 1916. Following are
some items taken from the financial re-
port: Receipts — Balance of $11,923.77;

current appropriation from city council for
maintenance, improvement and care of
$27,000 ; transfer from city council from
the special fund for purchase and improve-
ment of park lands of $1,412.99 for im-
provement ; receipts from rentals, swim-
ming pools, interest, etc., of $3,000.33;
from Irenee duPont for Center Scjuare
competition, $4,324.75 ; from Alfred I. du
Pont for work on Alapocas road, $2,360.88;
from Wm. P. Bancroft for work on Ala-
pocas road, $2,371.45. Total receipts,
$52,394.17. Expenditures for maintenance
— Guards, $10,445.42 ; engineering and su-
perintendence, $2,837.45; lighting, $1,151.85;
repairs to roads, $1,227.77 ; swimming
pools, $1,134.47 ; playgrounds, $2,224.77 ;
maintenance, $3,186.72; grass cutting,
$2,080. Total maintenance, $33,958.72. Ex-
penditures for improvement — Conrad Wall,
$2,607.67 ; grading, $902.42, Alapocas road-
way, $5,120.83. Total improvement, $10,-
491.82. Total maintenance and improve-
ment, $44,450.54. Balance December 31,
1916, $7,943.63. Total, $52,394.17. Among
the improvement work was the construc-
tion of a cinder foot path in South
Brandywine Park along the hillside from
near Van Buren bridge to near Clayton
street ; the grading of 4,000 feet of drive-
way in Alapocas woods along the eastern
boundary and the building of retaining
walls in Madison and Conrad playgrounds.

The Parks Department of Calgar3^,
Canada, has issued its fourth annual re-
portlcovering the work of this department
accomplished , durin'g 1916, with recom-
mendatfens for the ensuing year. The de-
velopment of the city’s park system made
very good progress during the past year.
This is due, to a great extent, to the fact
that the department is getting gradually
better equipped, that much of the founda-
tion work, which, though making very lit-
tle show, is often the most costly part of
an undertaking, was done in the preceding
years, and that the effect of improvement
in methods of administration is now begin-
ning to give tangible results. The depart-
ment is also now beginning to get results
from the large stocks of plants, etc., that
had been raised and were in course of
development during the earlier period.
Summary of planting for the season, ex-
clusive of nursery and bedding, is as fol-
lows: Trees, 8,588; shrubs, 1,620; vines,
499; perennials, 24,484; bulbs, 5,589; 21,690
trees and 7,011 shrubs have been planted
during the past four years. The routine
work in all parks consisted of cleaning up
refuse, cleaning out buildings, mowing
and trimming grass, weeding, digging and
cultivating paths and borders, raking and
rolling lawns, paths and driveways, dis-

tributing and storing furniture, and patrol-
ling. Considerable repairs were done to
the water services in all parks. The sys-
tem of paths and driveways in Riley Park
was considerably extended by construction
of 620 lineal yards of 6-foot walk and 75
yards of 12-foot walk, the good loam be-
ing removed from these and used in grad-
ing the lawn areas. Among the improve-
ments in the parks was the erection of a
pavilion at Shaganappi Park and water,
sewer and light connections were extended
to this. Four buttresses were built by the
Engineer's Department for protection
along south shore of St. George Island, at
a cost of approximately $2,000, but these
have proved inadequate, erosion still going
on. Fencing was placed at dangerous
points on the shores of the island and
barbed wire placed on the buttresses, there

Following are some statistics taken from
the sixty-third annual report of the com-
missioners of Pine Grove Cemetery, Lynn,
Mass., for the year ending December 30,
1916. General fund, receipts: Receipts of
Pine Grove Cemetery paid to city treas-
urer— Sale of lots, $8,912.50 ; interments,
$3,758; foundations, $1,980.48; plants,
$3,013.20 ; interest from perpetual care
■fund, $10,428.59. Total, $30,303.96. Gen-
eral fund — Appropriation by the city of
Lynn for Pine Grove Cemetery, $42,000 ;
transferred to, $106.60. Total, $42,106.60.
Expenditures : Salaries, pensions, labor,

$35,715.65 ; loam, dressing, fertilizer,
$1,283.11; tools and supplies, $925.13; coal,
$590.80 ; auto and auto supplies, $775.31 ;
total, $42,106.60. The total perpetual care
fund is $270,296.65, and the permanent
fund, $20,514.30 ; 779 feet of drain pipe
were laid in connection with which twelve
catchbasins have been built. In addition
to this work, 3,535 lineal feet of concrete
gutter have been laid. Sixteen old lots
were placed under perpetual care during
the year. The number of interments dur-
ing the year was 741, making a total num-
ber in the cemetery to date of 29,326.

Included in the annual report of the
Parks Department of Calgary, Canada, is
a summary of the work accomplished in
the cemetery in that city which is under
the supervision of that department. Seven
thousand cement lot markers were made
during the year and placed in the sec-
tions ; 89 monument bases constructed ;
two new sections plotted, and 14,200 an-
nuals were planted in the flower borders.
Digging, grading and reseeding of the sec-
tions was continued throughout the season.
The work of constructing cobble-stone
watercourses was continued and this has
brought about a marked improvement in
the condition of the roads. The water

being a tendency for children to follow the
dangerous practice of congregating on
these to fish. The bridge on the main
driveway was refloored and widened, rus-
tic fences were built across this bridge,
and the pedestrian walk separated from
the driveway. The revenue of the depart-
ment totaled $12,207.15.

The thirteenth annual report of the
Shade Tree Commission of Newark, N. J.,
is in the form of an interesting story of
the history of all the parks and different
memorials in them. It also contains some
very helpful information on the proper
method of planting, trimming and doctor-
ing trees and some data on fighting insect
pests. The Shade Tree Commission was
established in 1904 and has under its care
sixty-.five thousand trees.

main was extended to the south end of the
cemetery. The total number of grave plots
sold was 436 and the total number of in-
terments was 565.

Mrs. Mollie Gaddis was elected presi-
dent and Miss Sadie Snively, secretary, of
the Cemetery Association at Prescott, la.

Virgil Cemetery Association of Avon,
111., was incorporated recently by E. K.
Carr, L. A. Carr and E. L. Bangham.

Mount Olive Cemetery Association of
Mayview, St. Joseph, 111., has been incor-
porated by John C. Meyer, G. C. Gordon
and James T. Stanner.

At the annual meeting of the Chippewa
Cemetery Association, Chippewa Falls,
Wis., George P. Jenkins was elected sec-
retary in the place of J. O. Watson, who
resigned recently, and August Flug was
elected vice-president in place of Henry
Bartlett. H. J. Goddard was re-elected
president and T. M. Cary was re-elected
treasurer.

The Fairmount Cemetery Association,
of Davenport, la., has elected the follow-
ing officers for the coming year : President,
P. A. Reimers ; vice-president, A. Peter-
sen ; secretary, E. C. Struck ; treasurer,
H. J. Paarmann.

Addy Cemetery Association of Addy,
Wash., has been incorporated for $5,000
by John Brunner, William Koerner, W. R.
Goss, J. W- Walker and others.

Tobacco Valley Cemetery Association
of Eureka, Mont., was recently incor-
porated by Mary Quirk, Samuel F. Mc-
Carty and Albert Kuchenski.

West Point Cemetery Asscjciation of
White county. West Point, Ind., was in-
corporated recently. The directors are
Alexander L. Teller, George F. Baker,
Albert Plummer, Joseph Chamberlain,
Lavina Irion, Fred T. Wilson and William
E. Van Voorst.

CmtTERY NOTES

PARK AND CEMETERY

251

Try Our IVo. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Cotta Color at $2.90 Each

Size 18 in. wide by 30 in. high
Asfc for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
South Zanesville, Ohio

FRIGID Automatic Casket Lowering

and Raising Device

The frigid Device is as gentle as a mother laying down her babe — as beautiful as a
a piece of jewelry, as strong and sturdy as a giant — and easier to handle than pall bearers.

When the best men buy, they choose the FRIGID, for it would be impossible to have 15
distinct points of superiority without discerning men finding it out.

You can arrange to try the FRIGID Device for a term at no expense to yourself. Write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO.,

217 So. Western Ave.
CHICAGO, ILL.

PLEASANT VIEW CEMETERY,
KEWANEE, ILLS",

MARCH Zfsi, 1917.

Thomas B. Meehan Co., Dresher, Penna.

Gentlemen: —

I just want to tell you how perfectly satisfied we are with the trees which
we have received from you. Out of the 300 set out, I only lost two and
those died from the effects of the worms. We would not think of buying
elsewhere, and shall not as long as we receive such treatment from you.

Very truly yours, G. D. SWAIN, Supt.

THOMAS B.

WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN

This is only one of the many letters we constantly
receive from our satisfied customers. Our aim is to
give the very best service, first class stock, carefully
packed. If you do not receive our catalogue regularly
in the early fall and spring, drop us a line and your
name will he placed permanently on our mailing list.

MEEHAN CO.

DRESHER, PA.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of 'all sizes. 1,000 cemeteries
are using our method for keeping their records
of Burials, Locationof Graves, etc. Descriptive
circular sent on request.

■ PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO, ILL

CREMATORY

Convenient to all western New York Territory

MT. HOPE CEMETERY

J. W. Keller, Supt. Rochester, N.Y.

r

252

PAR K A N D

CEMETERY

The Famous New
Wellman Automatic
Lowering Device

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

THE AUTOMATIC NATURAL SEAL
FOR CONCRETE BURIAL VAULTS

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

With this device the load puts on the
brakes. Heavier the load automatically
more friction. Handles anything- from
the child’s casket to the largest steel
vaults. For information and price, write

C. W. Wellman, Mfr.

OSHKOSH, WIS.

is the only permanent, perfect seal, because it
it sealed by the forces of nature ; built on a me-
chanical, patented principle that makes nature
seal it ; absolutely impervious to moisture.

Does not rust or rot ; graves never sink ; con-
tents forever protected against the elements.

Ask for our literature explaining the simple
mechanical principle that proves these state-
ments, and tells how our steel molds make it
easy for every cemetery to make these vaults.

... 'Hik:

. J

L

>

’

(

!

I

I

i

PARK AND CEMETERY

253

W. & T. SmiTH CO/WRANY

GEINE\/A, lNe\A7 YORK.

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

64 YEARS.

700 ACRES,

STONE GRAVE VAULTS
The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names. 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

wr fytces

loxzfJaroem

dwarf type oj'

JCED TO TH
lLL 1917

Order Your Supplies

From dealers who advertise in

Park and Cemetery

and always mention the paper
when you write.

“We have had more and better returns from advertising in
PARK AND CEMETERY than from any other magazine
that we advertise in.” — Chas. G. Curtis Co., Growers and Col-
lectors of Hardy Native Plants and Trees, Callicoon, New York.

254

PARK AND CEMETERY

JVe Offer a very complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Trees^ Shrubs, Evergreens, Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
vtith prices upon request.

Made in .JERSEY CITY, N, J.. BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827 ^><8^

Complete Cemetery Record in One Book

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record,
Lot Diagram Forms and an Index in one book, are
widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either
1000 or 2000 interments or less and whose lots are 30 feet
square or less. They contain single letter index, the
Interment Record form and the Four-lots-to-a-Page lot
diagram form ; made in two sizes : Size A — 158 pages,
gives space for records of 1000 interments and diagrams
for 240 lots. Size B — 241 pages, giving a capacity of
2000 burial records and diagrams of 400 lots.

Size A, $6.50; Size B, $8.00.

Add $1.00 to the price of either book and get “Park
and Cemetery” for one year — regular price, $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 South Clark Street - - CHICAGO

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be mixed better, quicker,
with less expense. Use a

aeger Mixer

Now made in small sizes.
Mounted on trucks with engine
complete or on .skids for
hand power. A profitable
investment that will pay
for itself many times
over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere
Hundreds with parks and
cemeteries.

The Jaeger Machine Co.

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

ANDORRA

NURSERIES

IMorwaif Jllaples

SPLENDID trees for
street, park and
cemetery planting.
Quick growing. Broad
headed and very
hardy. Approved by
Tree Commissions
everywhere. An-
dorra Maples are lift
with splendid fibrous
roots.

Size

Each

Ten

Hundred

10

ft.

$1.50

$10

$60

12

ft.

$2.50

$20

$165

14

ft.

$3.50

$25

$225

ANDORRA NURSERIES

Win. Warner Harper, Prop.

Chestnut Hill. Phila.. Pa,
Box 150

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-ineh lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
3y2-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 71/2 to 12c, 5-in. lOVz to 17c. "PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, III.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

Iris, Phlox, Larkspur, Hemerocalis

Things that thrive, now is the time to plant

FRANK WILD FLORAL CO., Sarcoxie, Mo.

PRICE LIST FREE

BMutlfHl Shadelrees

Car-Load Lots

We make a specialty of shade
trees, evergreens and shrubs
for parks, cemeteries, public and
private gardens, and country estates.

GET OUR SPECIAL PRI ES

on carload lots before placing your
order for fall and winter planting.

TEXAS NURSERY CO.

Desk 22 Sherrran, Texas

Park and Cemetery Superintend-
ents and Orchardists

For Protection for Shade and Fruit Trees Use

Elastic Pruning Paint

Saves girdled trees, heals cuts and wounds, prevents
decay, stops bleeding in pruning, cures fungous growth.
A Positive and Effectual Remedy for the treat-
ment of Fruit and Shade Trees when damaged.
Use any time of year.

E. G. MENDENHALL ESTATE

Box 300 Kinmundy, III.

Western Distributing Agent Clark’s Cutaway Tools.
Best Trimming Tools for Orchard and Park.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES

NORPFAY MAPLES
ORIENTAL PLANTS

AT REDUCED PRICES

Shrewsbury Nurseries,

EATONTOWN, N. J.

PARK AND CEMETERY

255

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

MODERN METROPOLITAN LAWN CEM-
etery in rich community wants several live,
initellig'ent lot salesmen; prefer those experi-
enced in cemetery work, but would consider
men of character, energy and selling ability
without cemetery experience. Address “Sales
Manager,’’ care Park and Cemetery.

WANTED — CAPABLE, EXPERIENCED
man in lot sales to establish new cemetery
in proper manner, selling in advance of need.
Conditions favorable. Partially improved.
Maplelawn Park Cemetery, Paducah, Ky.

WANTED — SUPERINTENDENT FOR
lawn plan cemetery of one hundred and
seventy-five acres in the hig'hest state of
development. Must be a man of pleasing
personality and unquestionable reputation.
A permanent position and attractive future
for the right person. Apply Harleigh Cem-
etery Association, Camden, N. J.

NEFF’S SWEET-WILLIAMS, THE FINEST
strain in existence; large spikes, finely
fringed, beautiful colors; two-year-old plants
$4.00 per hundred. Digitalis purpurea, strong
two-year-old plants; will bloom next spring;
$8.00 per hundred; one-year-old plants, $4.00
per hundred. Hollyhocks, double or separate
colors, strong blooming stock, $4.00 per hun-
dred; Newport pink, $8.00 per hundred. L. I.
Neff, 431 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to un-
dertaking profession; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. Worsham Training School,
620 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

WANTED— SUPERINTENDENT FOR NEW
perpetual care cemetery, being developed
along latest lines of cemetery building Must
be conversant with all details of cemeLery
business and be able to take complete charge
of full proposition, including supervision of
development, upkeep and sales work. Salary
$150 per month and 2% of sales. Give ex-
perience, qualifications and references. Ad-
dress Myrtle Hill Cemetery Company, Tampa.
Fla.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.
WANTED— MAN OP ABILITY TO TAKE
position of secretary and treasurer of a
corporation being formed to promote a beau-
tiful residence park of 500 acres with an op-
tion on as much more adjoining land. A
part of this area will be devoted to the cul-
tivation of flowers for commercial purposes.
First-class knowledge of landscape work and
able to invest $5,000 or more on which 10 per
cent per annum will be guaranteed are
arnong the requirements. Salary according to
ability shown. Rare opportunity to the right
man. Write for further particulars to
“Flowerland Park,” care Park and Ceme-
tery.

PUBLISHER’S STATEMENT

statement cf the ownership, managemeni
circulation, etc., required by the Act o
Congress of August 24, 1912, of Park an
Cemetery, published monthly at 536 Sout
Clark St., Chicago, III., for Oct. 1, 1917.

State of Illinois, County of Cook, ss. — Be
fore me, a notary public in and for the stat
and county aforesaid, personally appeared C
H. Sample, who, having been duly sworn ac
cording to law, deposes and says that he i
the Editor of Park and Cemetery, an
that the following is, to the best of his knowl
edge and belief, a true statement of th
ownership, management (and if a dail
paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesai
publication for the date shown in the abov
caption, required by the Act of August 2‘
1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Law
and Regulations, printed on the reverse c
this form, to- wit:

\;,.That the names and addresses of th
publisher, editor, managing editor and bus!
ness manager are:

I^blisher — Allied Arts Publishing Co., 53
S. Clark St., Chicago.

Editor— O. H. Sample, 5-36 S. Clark St
Chicago.

Managing Editor— O. H. Sample. 536 f
Clark St., Chicago.

Business Manager— H. C, Whitaker, 536 5
Clarlc St., Chicago.

2. That the owners are: Allied Arts Put
hshing Co 536 S. Clark St., Chicago; 6. P
Sample, 536 S. Clark St., Chicago; H. C

Whitaker, 536 S. Clark St., Chicago; R. J.
Haight, 536 S. Clark St., Chicago.

3. That the known bondholders, mort-
gagees and other security holders owning or
holding 1 per cent or more of total amount
of bonds, mortgages or other securities are;
None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above,
giving the names of the owners, stockholders
and security holders, if any, contain not only
the list of stockholders and security holders
as they appear upon the books of the com-
pany but also, in cases where the stockhold-
er or security holder appears upon the books
of the company as trustee or in any other
fiduciary relation, the name of the person or
corporation for whom such trustee is
acting, is given; also that the said two para-
graphs contain statements embracing af-
fiant’s full knowledge and belief as to the
circumstances and conditions under which
stockholders and securit.v holders who do not
appe.ar upon the books cf the company as
trustees, hold stock and securities in a ca-
pacity other than that of a bona fide owner;
and this affiant has no reason to beUeve
that any other person, association or corpor-
ation has any Interest direct or indirect in
the said stock, bonds or other securities than
as so staled by him.

O. H. SAMPLE,
Editor.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this
25th day of September, 1917.

E. .T, POHLMANN.

Notary Public.

(My commission expires .Jan. 10, 1921.)

Cemetery Building

is our business ; we are equipped
to take the raw ground, plan, re-
port and develop it completely ; or-
ganize and conduct successful lot
selling campaigns on modern lines.
We can turn cemetery prospects
into efficient business institutions.

Our trained organization has a
record of successful work in some
of the finest cemeteries in the
country.

If you are organizing a new cem-
etery; if your town needs a new
cemetery; if your cemetery needs
modernizing or improving in any
respect, let us show you what we
can do for you.

ADDRESS

“Development-Sales Company”

Care “Park and Cemetery*'

536 So. Clark St. Chicago, Illinois

CEMETERY SALES EXPERTS

specializing in cemetery organization
advertising and selling campaigns, will

organize and manage lot selling
campaigns, outline and plan or-
ganization and business man-
agement for new cemeteries, and
organize stock companies.

If there is an opportunity for a new
cemetery in your locality let us help
you with it.

GEORGE P. GARIN & CO.

R. 510, 117 No. Dearborn St., CHICAGO

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best lor over half a century. Wholesale growers of
Firs, Pines, Spruce, Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

rite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Erergreen Specialiati :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, 11.1.

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. MEMBER A 8.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
604 SUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONC
MAIN 4338

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

FRANK H. NUTTER

landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg^ Minneapolis, Minn.

Advice, Sketches, .Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited . City
Paik Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

4 Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

Attractiv'e Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department- enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron IVorks Company - Cleveh

iTM-nri

Austin Tandem Roller

APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT

When road-making- or repairing- becomes necessary in
Parks and Cemeteries it must be done as qnietly and
cleanly as possible. Nowhere else is the noise and dirt of
the steam roller resented to as g-reat a degree. The
Austin Tandem Motor Roller does away with smoke,
sparks and ashes, and its steady, smooth running does
away with all unwelcome noises. Then there are neither
boiler troubles, risk of explosion, teaming of coal and
water, nor time lost or fuel wasted. Ready for instant
service. When work is stopped all expense ceases. In
the intermittent work required by Park and Cemetery
Superintendents, these are important considerations.

Send for complete catalog — also the Road-Builders’

Guide to a Complete Grading, Rock-Crushing and Road-

Surfacing Equipment . Austin Motor Lawn Mower

THE AUSTIN-WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY COMPANY

CHICAGO NEW YORK

It'-

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

I’lan for a Small Town Park — Cemeteries of Boston —

Ancient and INIodern — Improving- a Small Country
Cemetery — Ownership and Heirship of Cemetery Lots — -
Uemeterv Law (-if Illinois.

nooxRN'M.nn (Mo.) ciom iotioii v untuan'MC

Mrn:munt:il Wmaglil Iron linlratu-o Gules, niatli' \\y
'riu- .Sli-waiT Iron Works Co.. Cincinnati.

See page 275

/' .i R K AND C E M ET ERY

2.s8

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: Eirst, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embodv simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised; entries run across two pages each
9^4 X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker ; nearest relative or friend ; remarks ; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2.700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Rook, if desired; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Eour-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Parle and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening^’ at the
same time you order boohs, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing full-sized, duplicates of the pages for ah .if
our forms, ruled and printed e.raclly as they appear in the books,

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

P A R K A N D

C E M ET ERV

25'J

A Practical Elevator

for your Ijeautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING
CONCRETE BURIAL VAULT

is easy to sell to your lot holders because it is made
absolutely impervious to moisture by a simple, natural
principle that you can e.xplain to purchasers in five
minutes.

Our perfect steel molds and complete directions
make it easy for you to ljuild a profitable vault busi-
ness with your patrons, add revenue to the cemetery
funds and keep your labor profitably employed dur-
ing idle times.

Ask for our literature, explaining the principles of
construction of this vault and our method of helping
you build a vault business.

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S

‘ DIXON’S/

' o-.** ^ Ir le prnnnmir

•ittsjsvcrwjjji

Silica

Graphite

PAINT

tiilT economical because it gives the longest

service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-

ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
voth prices upon request.

Made in .'ersey CITY, N. J., BY the

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

oXxXN

ESTABLISHED 1827

•XxXm

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be mixed better, quicker,
with less expense. Use a

aeger Mixer

Now made in small sizes.
Mounted on trucks with engine
complete or on skids for
hand power. A profitable
investment that will pay
for itself many times
over each year.

Thouiands in use everywhere
Hundreds with parks and
cemeteries.

The Jaeger Machine Co.

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

26o

P A R K AND C EM ET ER Y

Strength and Sincerity

The Georgia Marble Company

TATE, GEORGIA

Georgia Marble Is a most fitting medium of expres-
sion, because no substance can excel it in the effective

way m which it suggests,
for example, strength, sin-
cerity and stability.

For the finest types of
monumental, architectural
and sculptural work, there
IS no medium that can do
the subject the same full
justice as beautiful Georgia
Marble.

Owing to its crystalline
formation and durability,
Georgia Marble is especial-
ly adapted to exterior,
decorative work and ceme-
tery purposes.

We want you to have
full particulars about
Georgia Marble and its
qualities. Interesting litera-
ture will be supplied gladly
upon request.

STATUE OF PRESIDENT McKINLET

The central feature of the McKinley Birthplace
Memorial at Niles, Ohio. The statue is 12 feet
high, carved from a block of Georgia marble
weighing over 35 tons. Sculptor: J. Massey Rhind.
Carved b.v Piccirilli Bros. The memorial building
is erected entirely of Georgia Marble.

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO
H. C. WHITAKER, President O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50: three years, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

EDITORIAL

DECEMBER, 1917.

Yol. XXVII. NO. 10.

MILITARY CITY BUILDING
Not the least remarkable of the work
of war preparations has been the devel-
opment of the military cantonments,
the cities for soldiers that have sprung
up almost over night in many localities.
Military authorities came face to face
with the problem of developing an en-
tire city from nothing. Probably never
before have our city planners and city
builders had the chance to build com-
plete cities. It is encouraging to note
that these military cities are being
scientifically planned by landscape
architects and city planners. A number
of leading landscape architects have
been retained by the government to act
in their professional capacity in plan-
ning of these military cities along mod-
ern lines of city building. The prepara-
tions of housing accommodations for
forty or fifty thousand people within a
few months is a wonderful work and
it is to the credit of our landscape
architects and city builders that this
work has been efficiently accomplished.
The lesson of quick city planning and
building is one of the biggest lessons
that our war preparation has taught us.

EXCLUDING UNDESIRABLES

One of the most difficult problems
that a cemetery has to meet is that of
excluding certain classes of people
wdiich the better cemetries would not
care to have patronizing their grounds.
A cemetery superintendent in the far
West writes that certain classes of
Chinese, Japanese, Indians and negroes
ought to be isolated from the whites
in the cemtery and asks the experience
of others as to how they can best be
handled.

The legal problem of excluding cer-
tain undesirable classes from the ceme-
tery is a very delicate question and
must be viewed in every case in the
light of the local laws and of the state
laws. It is a question for careful con-
sideration as to whether such classes
may be excluded by raising of prices
in the individual case or by making
definite rules forbidding them from us-
ing the grounds. As to which of these
methods is adopted depends largely
upon the state laws. In Illinois the law
expressly forbids discrimination in
prices to be charged for lots in ceme-
teries on account of race or color, but
there is nothing in the law or in the

state or federal constitution to require
a cemetery corporation which has no
power to condemn land for cemetery
purposes and which has no monopoly
of the burial places in the particular vi-
cinity, to sell a lot to a colored person
unless it is so desired. In the matter
of excluding persons from working on
the grounds, another delicate problem
arises. It is well established by legal
authorities that cemeteries may adopt
rules for the control of such matters as
the construction of foundations, trim-
ming of grass, planting of flowers, etc.,
and these rules are binding upon all
persons who become lot holders, but
cemeteries must exercise good faith in
the administration of such regulations.
While they are entitled to act for the
best interests of the lot holders as a
whole, they cannot adopt arbitrary
measures which unjustly interfere with
the lot owner’s reasonable enjoyment
of his rights. These are questions
which do not come up every day, but
when they do arise are of a very seri-
ous nature and should always be han-
dled with the best legal advice attain-
able.

EXHUMING BODIES.

Numerous court decisions attest the
reluctance with which courts will permit
exhumation of remains from a grave
over the objections of decedent's next
of kin or close friends. Ordinarily,
there must be- a clear showing of reason
for disturbing the grave in such case.
The courts particularly disfavor disin-
terments for the purpose of enabling in-
surance companies to make autopsies as
a basis for defending against liability
on life insurance policies where oppor-
tunities for such autopsies were neglect-
ed before burial.

One of the decisions on this subject
holds that provision in a life policy to
the effect that the insurer's medical ad-
viser shall be permitted to examine in-
sured’s body, in respect to any alleged
injury or cause of death, “when and as
often as may be required,” and that in
case of post mortem examination by or
on the part of the insured’s representa-
tives, the insurer shall be given oppor-
tunity to attend and participate, merely
authorizes inspection of the body while
it remains uninterred, and does not en-
title the insurer to have the body ex-
humed. (31 N. Y. S. 865.)

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The New York State College of For-
estry has issued some advice on the de-
struction of insect pests to the farmer
and woodlot owner. The webs of the
tent caterpillar are common in nearly all
parts of New York during May. One
of the very best ways of combatting this
insect is by collecting and destroying
the egg masses during the winter or
early spring. These eggs are laid on the
smaller twigs of wild cherries and va-
rious other trees in the form of a con-
tinuous band encircling the twig. The
twigs should he clipped off and burned
and if this is done thoroughly no trou-
ble from tent caterpillars will occur the
following summer. The caterpillar of
this moth is of a general gray color with
its back ornamented with a series of
four tufts of white hair. The head is
bright red in color and has two pencils
of black hair extending forward while
a single similar pencil extends back
from the end of the body. The very
best way of fighting this voracious leaf
eater is bj- collecting and destroying the
egg masses during the winter or spring.
The hickory bark beetle kills many
thousands of trees. Trees killed by it
may be recognized by the very striking
burrows made by the insects under the
bark. These consist of a single gallery
extending with the grain of the bark
from which on each side extend numer-
ous straight or slightly curved galleries
2 to 3 inches long. This is a very seri-
ous pest and a tree once attacked can
seldom, if ever, be saved. Trees dying
or recently killed should be cut and
burned before May 1. The College of
Forestry recommends that woodlot
owners make it a part of the year's
routine work of the farm to remove all
sickly, dying, broken and dead trees.
This can be done during the winter and
early spring months when other farm
work is most slack. The egg masses,
which are white and conspicuous, may
be seen readily at the present time on
the bark of elms particularly, and these
may be collected and destroyed or
daubed with creosote so that they will
not hatch. Local shade tree or park
commissions take the matter of destroy-
ing the egg masses in hand at once and
push it vigorously.

262

PARK AND C EM ET ER i'

Plan for a Small Town Park

At Milford, N. H., a town of 3,500 in-
habitants, an unusually progressive school
committee working with the townspeople,
has awakened public sentiment to the lit-
tle recognized fact that rural communities
need parks and playgrounds in their way
as much as, if not more than, urban cen-
ters of population. Not only has active
interest been aroused to these civic duties
and responsibilities, but, realizing their ina-
bility to complete such a project at one
time, the committee has sought the advice
of Francis Asbury Robinson, landscape
architect, of Boston, who, after a sum-
mer's study of the town's recreation needs,
has submitted a solution in the form of a
comprehensive plan and report for future
development which may be followed
through changing administrations without
prejudicing the integrity of the result.

It has been only recently, however, that
the smaller communities have come to un-
derstand that it is not only cities that must
provide such open areas for their inhabi-
ants, but towns as well. Definite areas are
beginning to be set aside by progressive
towns like Milford where people may go
for recreation and for the mere enjoyment
of seeing beautiful scenes and learning
more, perhaps, of birds, trees and flowers,
with which Nature has so bountifully en-
dowed them. One of the most important
factors in the country park, however, is the
provision of playfields for the boys and
girls in the community. In the country,
perhaps, even more than in urban commu-
nities, the need is urgent for directing the
energy and enthusiasm of youth into chan-
nels which shall create within them a
higher and better appreciation of the world
and their own relation to it.

Endicott Park, which is the name given
to the triangular strip of land under con-
sideration, is situated near the center of
the town, just in back of the high school
and covers an area of about 1014 acres. It
is bounded on the south by private grounds
and the cemetery, and on the other two
sides by the winding Souhegan River,
which at this point widens out, affording
pleasant views of the residential section of
the town, and beyond the meadows the
distant foothills of the White Mountains.
-A. narrow strip of land on which the high
school is located connects the park with the
main highway. It is of varying topography,
but of two quite distinct kinds, a large flat
area toward the south separated from an-
other flat table land to the north by a steep
embankment which runs practically through
the center of the property and then at both
its extremities along the southwest and
southeast shore of the river.

In an area of this kind, which depends so
much for its beauty upon the natural ad-
vantages of location, vegetation and scen-
ery it possesses, Mr. Robinson strongly
urged that the first consideration and the

dominant factor in any schemes for de-
velopment should be to preserve in-so-far
as possible all the existing features that are
of value and interest consistent with the
uses to which it is to be put, so that in the
end man's handiwork will be seen as little
as possible. He feels that in the topography
practically no change should l^e made, par-
ticularly as this property is divided natu-

rally into two large flat areas, which, with
a little grading, can be used admirably for
playground purposes.

The upper area the landscape architect
would divide into three distinct parts: (1)
a playground near the school for the chil-
dren at recess and older girls at other
hours where high planting will seclude
them from view; (2) football field, track,
and two miniature diamonds for the small-
er boys, and (3) tennis courts which com-
mand excellent distant views.

The lower ground he finds most eco-
nomically and naturally to divide itself into
an area for a full sized diamond oriented
in the reverse position from the one now
adopted, in order to take advantage of the
shape of the ground and the position of
the sun. In addition, he suggests two se-
cluded areas for small girls’ and small boys'
playgrounds with apparatus where play
may be supervised most carefully.

On the shore of the riv.er a bath and
locker house, with provision for boating,
would be provided where a fine sand beach
offers splendid opportunity for bathing.

In the pine grove, which separates the
upper and lower levels, a rest house for
picnic parties with sand boxes nearby for
the smaller children has been su.ggested
where shelter may be found.

Winter sports and school gardens also
would have their place in this well ordered
scheme.

In order to reap the full benefit of the
playgrounds as planned, particularly where
apparatus is installed, it becomes an abso-
lute necessity for some sort of intelligent
supervision. Play without some guidance
is sporadic, even harmful, and certainly
ineffectual in producing the most salutary

results. Children in the country, where so
seldom they have such direction in their
expression of the natural play instinct, re-
main practically impoverished amidst in-
calculable wealth of opportunity. The ex-
pense for proper supervision is so slight as
compared to the great increased value of
the product, not only to themselves and
their families, but to the communitj- at

large, that few towns can afford to do=
without it.

Provision would be made for an encir-
cling roadway entering from the main
highway through dignified piers and gate-
way.

About the school building and the various
play areas appropriate plantings have been
suggested, and thinning of the existing
growth along the shore recommended to
open up views of tbe meadows and distant
mountains.

With such a comprehensive developm.ent
definitely recorded before them, the people
of Milford, because of their ambition and
energy, may look forward to the future as-
sured that their foresight will provide their
town with healthier, happier and more effi-
cient citizens for the next generations.

The Obituary Record

William Boon, 66 years old, general man-
ager, secretary and treasurer of the Oak-
wood Cemetery Association of Syracuse,
N. Y., for sixteen years and a well known,
resident, died September 23 at the family
residence, after a ten days’ illness. Mr.
Boon was born in England, but had lived
in Syracuse thirty-seven years. For more
than twenty years he was connected with
the Robert Gere Bank and sixteen years
ago became identified with the cemetery
association. Besides his widow, he is sur-
vived by a son, William Frederick Boon;
two daughters, Mrs. Louis Baker Phillips
of Scranton, Pa., and Mrs. Alice Spinello
of Syracuse, and two grandsons, Harold 1
Boon Phillips and Louis Baker Phillips Jr.
Charles Byrne is now superintendent of-
the cemetery.

PARK AND C EM ET ER

263

Cemeteries of Boston — Ancient and Modern

Address before the Barte Convention of the A. A. C. S.
by Leonard W. Ross, Supt. of Cemeteries, Boston, Mass.

It has been thought that a brief historical
and physical description of the several
cemeteries and burial grounds now within
our jurisdiction and constituting the prop-
erties, interests and activities of the ceme-
tery department of the city of Boston, may
not prove uninteresting to you on this oc-
casion. And it occurs to me that possibly
some information of value may be gleaned
from this talk, largely however, through
the multitude of mistakes and errors unin-
tentionally made in the past. I say “unin-
tentionally made'’ because I am convinced
that no cemetery superintendent or care-
taker either of the past or present time
intentionally does a wrong thing in the con-
struction, maintenance or administration of
the cemeteries under his care ; rather does
the evidence prove that they have acted ac-
cording to the best information available to
them in their period of service.

Boston of today consists of an accumula-
tion of municipalities which have been
added to the original from time to time
through the process of annexation, and
with each added municipality there comes
one or more cemeteries to be added to the
collection and always with no funds or
provisions for their care, and in most cases
with the land all sold, or rather, generally
in the case of the older ones, given away
to those who have need for it. So today
we find ourselves the possessor of twenty
separate cemeteries widely distributed over
the entire area within our present territo-
rial limits, varying in area from one-half
an acre to one hundred and thirty acres.
Three only of these are so-called “active’’ —
that is, having land unsold, from the sale
of which and from the other usual sources
an income may be derived. All others are
a burden with no income save small sums
derived from the income of bequests by
persons interested in some particular
grounds, and the Perpetual Care endow-
ment fund, which the present management
have succeeded in inducing a part of the
owners of lots in the older grounds to
make.

The origin of some of these old burial
grounds can only be uncertainly traced in
the dim traditions of early colonial days
immediately following the landing of the
Pilgrims when their feet touched the in-
hospitable shores of the new western world
in the centuries now behind us. They, like
most of our modern cemeteries, were born
of necessity. People then, as now, died,
and the mortal part had to be disposed of.
It is probable that deaths occurred between
the time of the landing of the Pilgrims and
the year when tradition says that King’s
Chapel Burial Ground, our first known
cemetery, had its beginning in 1630. Where
they were buried we knew not. Shurtleff

in his “Memorial History of Boston’’ writes
concerning this ground, “The exact time
when this cemetery was first set apart and
devoted to its present use can never be ac-
curately determined, although certain tra-
dition connects its origin with the death pf
Mr. Isaac Johnson, which occurred several
weeks before the actual settlement of the
town.'’ Mr. Samuel Sewell, the noted Chief
Justice, * * * writes that “Mr. Johnson
was buried in Boston in his lot, and that
others at their request were on their death
buried near him, and hence the spot be-
came the site of the old burial ground.”
This tradition is, however, disputed by the
fact that there is no record of his pos-
sessing any land in Boston. It is most
probable that he was buried with his
wife in Salem, Mass., although, strange
as it may seem, no other record was
made of his burial nor was there any
recorded reference to it, notwithstand-
ing he was one of the most important
men of the colony. But, be this as it
may, it is certain that the first known
burial in Boston took place some months
later as related by Governor Winthrop un-
der date of the 18th of February, 1630,
who then wrote “Captain Weldon a hope-
ful young gent and an experienced souldier
dyed at Charlestown of a consumption and
was buried in Boston with a military fu-
neral.” Governor Dudley later in a letter
to the Countess of Lincoln wrote that he
(Captain Welden) was buried as a souldier
with three volleys of shott.” Here then
we have the written word of two impor-
tant men recording the death and burial of
Captain Welden. For the first thirty years
of the town of Boston this was the sole
repository of the dead. It is worthy of
note that the prudence of the fathers of
the town prompted them to lease this burial
ground to Captain Savage for a term of
twenty years, he promising to preserve the
fence. This lease, however, was termi-
nated three years later in August, 1660, by
vote of the town “that the old burial place
should not be broken up without leave.”
Possibly the ancient captain had been a lit-
tle too intensive in his method of cultiva-
tion.

Soon after 1630 the town of Roxbury
took steps to establish its first burial place,
and on November 3rd, 1633, the town of
Dorchester voted to establish a burial place
and the following year “the land was laid
out and enclosed by a fence.” These towns
were many years later annexed to and are
now a part of Boston. Then followed the
establishment from time to time of other
cemeteries in Boston proper and in ad-
joining municipalities, many of them after-
ward becoming parts of Boston. All of
these older burial grounds were for many

years previous to 1897 under the jurisdic-
tion of the Board of Health. Mount Hope
Cemetery, the largest and most important
one of the department, was established by
private interests and was sold to the city
for the sum of $3o,0U0.0() by conveyance
dated July 31, 1857. It was then placed
under the direction of a board of five trus-
tees, the city registrar serving as clerk of
the board. This entire board of five trus-
tees was appointed annually by the mayor,
subject to confirmation by the Board of
Aldermen. And, as until recent j'ears no
mayor held office for more than two years,
and several for only one year, all at that
time being elected annually, and each new
mayor finding the five places to fill l)y ap-
pointment, it is not strange that the num-
ber of men who have at one time or an-
other filled one of these places is almost
legion.

In 1897 the dawn of a new era broke
forth for the cemeteries of Boston. The
state legislature, on petition, enacted a spe-
cial law establishing a cemetery department
for the city of Boston under the direction
of a board of five trustees appointed by the
mayor for terms of five years each, so des-
ignated that the term of one trustee only
expires each year, and placing all ceme-
teries belonging to the city under their
jurisdiction and control. Under the pres-
ent city charter these appointments must be
approved by the State Civil Service Com-
mission, and the law under which this com-
mission acts specifically provides that they
may approve only those who by experience,
education or training are regarded by them
as qualified for the position. Since then
changes in the personnel of the board have
been rare indeed, usually occurring through
the death of an incumbent. It is made up
of active, successful, public-spirited busi-
ness men, who have given generously and
unselfishly of their valued time and
thought. They receive no compensation
save that which comes from a knowledge
of having faithfully performed a public
duty. Politics as it is generally understood
finds no lodgment there. Were it other-
wise under the existing conditions the pres-
ent superintendent would not have re-
mained in the service as he has for the
past eight years, and have received an
annual election by the unanimous vote of
the trustees. The utmost harmony and
good will prevails through all our endeav-
ors. I have attended every meeting of the
board for the past eight and a half years
and have yet to learn of any but a unani-
mous vote being recorded by our secretary
on any question. Thus our organization at
the present time consists of the mayor
elected for a term of four years, the city
council of nine members, three expiring

264

each year, and the board of five trustees
appointed for term as stated. Our financial
affairs are thus handled : The trustees in
conjunction with the secretary of the board
and the general superintendent prepare an-
nually in detailed budget for the annual
estimate for appropriation of money re-
quired ; this is submitted to the budget
commissioner, who lays it before the mayor
for his consideration with any suggestions
he may desire to make. When it emerges
from the mayor's office it usually shows
scars of a duel at close quarters, pruning
kni\ es being used as weapons, because the
mayor, although vested with great powers
under our present laws, is not authorized
to create more money than the city pos-
sesses, but perforce compelled to divide it
between th; departments of municipal activ-
ties. And wdiile our grant is usually below
our estimated requirements I am pleased
to thus puljlicly acknowledge generous
treatment as compared with other depart-
ments. -A. copy of this budget estimate is
also submitted to a so-called finance com-
mission who employ a group of investiga-
tors who are delegated to make physical
examination of our needs. This board has
only recommendatory powers, however. By
what method of reasoning they are able to
reach the conclusion that they (not one of
whom has had so much as one day's expe-
rience in cemetery management or other
similar work), are better qualified to judge
of the actual requirements of the depart-
ment than are we, wdio have had from ten
to forty years' actual w'orking knowledge
of the needs, is to say the least a trifle mys-
tifying.

The estimate with the mayor's revised
figures and the recommendations of the
finance commission is then placed before
the city council for their consideration and
approval, w'ho, under the law, may not in-
crease the amount either in total or in
separate items. Therefore, as decreasing
or obliteration is their only possible func-
tion, another priming hook is usually ap-
plied. All income collected is paid to the
cit_\- collector, who in turn pays it over to
the city treasurer. All officers and em-
ployees of the department who receive or
transmit these funds are securely bonded.
All bills are carefully audited by the audit-
ing department before payment is author-
ized. Periodically an accountant acting for
the city auditor visits our offices and per-
sonally examines, compares and checks all
our books, accounts and records. In this
connection I am pleased to record as a
tribute to the efficiency and faithfulness of
my clerical force the fact that the account-
ant has always reported “no errors.”

Paiment for everything, land sales, fees
for opening graves, deposits in receiving
tomb, construction of foundations, care of
lots and graves, planting and placing flow-
ers on lots, orders for renovation or im-
provement or other work on lots or single
graves, is payable and collected in ad-
vance. All purchases of goods or materials
bought for our use are made by the city pur-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

chasing agent, officially designated “Supt.
of Supplies,” upon requisition issued by me,
carbon copies of all requisitions being re-
tained by us. Every transaction is accu-
rately and carefully recorded, e.xamined
and checked by bonded men sworn to faith-
fully and impartially perform their duties.
To illustrate the close supervision of our
affairs ; Not long ago we received at our
storehouse an order of paint stock. It was
delivered late in the afternoon. The next
morning a representative of the finance
commission arrived in an automobile to
examine it, asked our storekeeper when it
arrived, if it was all there, and for what
purpose we were to use it, and thumping
and lifting the several containers to make
certain they were not empty, departed
probably to run some other supposed thief
to earth. And yet ! and yet ! there are to-
day in our midst some people who say, and
1 presume many others who think without
giving audible expression to their thought,
that I have a “soft, easy snap of a job
with wonderful opportunities for graft.'’
Well, such is life in the public service. And
we are asked to believe that all these things
are done for greater efficiency. Efficiency.
ye gods, what crimes are committed in thy
name. I have little use for that kind of
efficiency. If you want real efficiency go to
war-torn Europe today. There the count-
less thousands of unmarked graves upon
the hillsides and in the once beautiful
peaceful valleys of torn, bleeding and dev-
astated Belgium hear testimony to the
greatest efficiency the world has ever
known. All moneys received are adminis-
tered by the city treasurer and invested by
him. The money received from land sales
is thus divided; one-half goes to invest-
ment in our city bonds which are issued for
various purposes, and the income from this
is placed to our credit for the perpetual
care of land sold. The other half and all
other receipts from any source whatever
are, under authority of a special act by our
state legislature enacted three years ago,
invested by the city treasurer in a general
fund and allowed to accumulate, adding its
interest earnings, as well as receipts from
all other sources, until in the opinion of the
trustees of the department and the mayor
it shall be sufficient to produce an income
capable of providing sufficient funds for the
needs of the department.

As we have unsold land in our three
active cemeteries which will easily sell for
three million dollars, I estimate that we
can easily create a fund of four million
dollars, which on our present basis should
prove sufficient.

Our physical organization consists of the
general superintendent with headquarters at
Mount Hope, responsible to the trustees,
who is charged with the general supervi-
sion of all the various activities of the de-
partment, assisted by six assistant superin-
tendents, officially designated “custodians,”
responsible to the general superintendent,
and on his recommendation appointed an-
nually by the trustees; four female clerks.

bookkeepers and stenographers, two each at
the city office in city hall and at the office
of Mount Hope Cemetery. These with the
secretary to the board constitute our cleri-
cal force, which I am sure you will agree
is not a large one, when I tell you that we
make more burials and make more book
and card index entries than any other
three protestant cemeteries in the vicinity
of, and serving the people of Boston and its
suburbs.

Our engineering work is in the main
done by the city engineers who perform
this service for all departments. And then
we have the usual force of workmen, la-
borers, gardeners, mechanics, teamsters,
etc., varying in numlier from about sixty to
one hundred, the apex of our load as with
all of you, being in May and June, at which
time we carry the largest force of men.
Of course we, as with all American munici-
palities pay the maximum wages and work
the minimum of hours. Our minimum
wage, which is fixed by legislation and ac-
tion of the city council is $3.00 per day of
eight hours. They are also given Satur-
day afternoons, all legal holidays, and in
cases of permanent employees, two weeks'
vacation annually without loss of pay. And
the end is not yet. A short time ago a
certain labor advocate, or rather I should
say, anti-labor advocate said to a commit-
tee of our state legislature in answer to a
question as to their ultimate goal “three
fives," a maximum of five hours per day
and five days per week, and a minimum
wage of five dollars per day.

We have several incapacitated old men
who do not and cannot do seventy-five
cents worth of labor per day. You may
ask why not get rid of them? We might,
Init it is not the policy of the city of Boston
or our own trustees to discharge from the
service men who have been faithful for
many years and who have become incapaci-
tated. A pension of one-half pay is pro-
vided: compulsory in case of twenty years
in the city service at the age of seventy
years, or in case of permanent disability.
Compensation is provided by law equal to
two-thirds average weekly pay for those
temporarily disabled in the service. So we
have to watch our appropriation dwindle
away through these channels which give us
no return in service.

One might suppose with all this official
supervision, together with the interests of
labor, both as to hours, wages and vaca-
tions carefully provided for by statute laws,
that there would be no need to employ a
superintendent, but somehow I seem to be
kept fairly busy, for, with all the zeal dis-
played in legislation, and all the energy
shown in supervisions, one set of super-
visors supervising other supervisors, and
they in turn supervising and watching the
other fellows, they have so far been unable
to write into legal form the one element
which you and I well know from years of
contact experience in our work makes for
the success of our efforts, and the satisfac-
tion of those whom we are called upon to

serve — the human element. After courte-
ous, sympathetic discussion, advice and ar-
gument have failed to convince, as a last
and final resort we may invoke the power
and force of laws, ordinance rules and
regulations, all of which to my way of
thinking have little other use or function
in the administration of the affairs of a
modern cemetery than to serve as a bar-
rier to hide behind, when other resources
have failed to produce the desired results.
When a lot owner wishes to do that which
is wrong and forbidden by law or rules, I
feel that the superintendent who opens the
discussion by a declaration that they cannot
do it because the rules prohibit it, has been
guilty of a gross error of judgment as an
executive cemetery official.

Apart from the care and watchfulness
over our ancient grounds involving much
investigation, inquiry and correspondence
which brings me into more or less intimate
touch with antiquarians, people interested
in historical research, as well as with the
descendents of those ancient people of early
colonial days wdio designed and began the
work of building this great and glorious
country of ours, my activities do not vary
much from those of most of you. We
have done much in the way of renovating,
improving and modernizing the older parts
of our active cemeteries. In the earlier de-
veloped sections, particularly at Mt. Hope,
much valuable area was wasted in avenues,
paths, borders and spaces between lots.

Lots for the most part were graded level
re.gardless of the topography of the land.
In all cases the lots were bounded by
granite posts, the upper ends of which pro-
truding above the ground eight or more
inches were hammer dressed eight inches
square. All posts were quarried four feet
long and approximately ten inches square.
On very many lots, in fact nearly all, there
were set, in addition to the four corner
posts, two others on the center of the front
lot line, presumably to indicate an entrance
to the lot. Then there were many others
surrounded by cast iron fences. These
required ten or more granite posts to sup-
port the fence which was bolted to these
granite posts. In many cases, particularly
on ground that was level, or approximately
so, ditches or depressions around the lot in
the space between it and other lots were
dug, I suppose to add individuality or to
create an atmosphere of exclusiveness.

Most of these fences had through neglect
become badly rusted, dilapidated and partly
fallen down.

We are going through the cemetery' sec-
tion by section, tearing out all unsound
fences, pulling all but the four corner bound
posts, and these taken out, about two feet
of the bottom end broken off with a ham-
mer and reset flush with the surface grade
of the lot. The entire area is then dug over
to the full loam depth removing tree roots
and rubbish, regraded, fertilized, edges sod-
ded, and the rest seeded with a good lawn
mixture, varied to meet the requirements of
situation as to soil, moisture and shade.

PARK AND C EM ET ER Y

These lots you will understand are for the
most part under no form of care, nor do
we know the whereabouts of the present
owners in many cases, until when we re-
ceive an order for the burial of some mem-
ber of the family who has died in a distant
and newer part of the country. In such
case it is amusing as well as gratifying to
hear those who accompany the remains for
burial say, “How nice the old lot does look.
I have not seen it since I was a child.”
They are wholly unconscious of its past
condition. Now, and here, is the psycho-
logical moment to begin conversation which
usually ends with their endowment of the
lot for perpetual care. I can think of no
work more satisfying than this renovation
of neglected sections. Only one feature re-
mains to mar our complete happiness in the
result, the old marble monuments, tablets
and grave markers. We have not yet
reached that state of progress which allows
us to cart them to the rubbish heap. But
even in this I have been able to make en-
couraging progress in the matter of induc-
ing the family to replace them with a mod-
ern granite monument.

From the granite posts thus removed we
have built a storage building twenty-two by
sixty-eight feet, a steam roller house, con-
siderable retaining wall, foundations, etc.,
and still have about one thousand unused.
In this work we have succeeded in getting
rid of more than fifty iron lot fences, some
with the owners' permission, but mostly
without consulting them, and not one of
them has made complaint. We still have
many left with which the lot owners seem
unwilling to part ; but many of them are
thinking it over, and I am looking forward
with pleasureable anticipation to the hour
of great joy which shall find me abolishing
the last iron fence within our cemeteries.
A comparison of “before” and “after"
treatment is rather interesting, and to me
gratifying. Of course, in our newer sec-
tions, none of these features are tolerated.
No lots are now sold, nor have there been
for many years except with perpetual care
provision.

As a rule I do not advocate the subdivi-
sion of lots less than twenty feet deep from
front to back, but we have a strong demand
for four-grave lots at a low price. I have
therefore prepared to meet this demand
with a section of such lots six by seventeen
feet. Our geological formation is such that
we have to trench or turn over all our land
to the full depth of graves, removing all
stones, and bring it to proper grade by
filling with earth and loam hauled from
elsewhere. The cost of preparing this sec-
tion was about thirty-three hundred dollars.
This was finished three years ago, and we
have already sold about one-third of it for
about fifteen thousand dollars.

Another bit of work which has given me
much pleasure in the doing is an area at
Evergreen Cemetery in our Brighton dis-
trict. This consisted of an area of low
ground partially filled years ago, but lack-
ing drainage as well as being too low for

265

use. Thus it had remained undeveloped
owing to excessive cost of filling which
must be purchased elsewhere. The esti-
mated cost was forty thousand dollars
which remained unappropriated. Provi-
dentially a sixty-inch water main was being
laid for a distance of about two miles
through the adjacent street. A clause in the
contract gave the city the surplus material
if demanded. It consisted of both rock and
gravel. The avenue twenty feet wide was
excavated to a depth of approximately eight
feet as were also lateral and longitudinal
paths five feet in width, the earth material
cast out for filling and replaced with the
rock, many pieces weighing several tons each
being used, the gravel, of course, being
hauled on to the lot areas. This furnished
ample drainage, which was connected by
pipe outletting into a public surface drain-
age sewer. The cost of moving and placing
this material, the e.xcavation, grading and
finishing complete was thirteen thousand
dollars provided by a special appropriation.
The result is the preparation for sale of
land which at our present schedule of prices
will sell for two hundred and forty thou-
sand dollars. We have already received for
lot sales in this section over sixteen thou-
sand dollars.

Our latest acquisition is Fairview Ceme-
tery of about sixty acres, coming to us
through the annexation of Hyde Park to
Boston in 1912. The lot sales and inter-
ments here have more than doubled since
our taking possession. This is the most
modern of any cemetery in the department.
Here we have no “old part” to deal with,
but instead we have met the most extrava-
gantly liberal layout I have ever come in
contact with. Avenues thirty-five feet wide
in most cases, paths ten or more feet with
borders and spaces between lots, and other
areas wasted beyond reason. Fortunately
only a small portion had been sold. We
were therefore able to correct many of the
errors. We have lately completed a sub-
stantial combination chapel and adminis-
tration building, but have not yet planted
anything around it. I shall use conifers
largely in this situation.

We are getting most satisfactory results-
in our avenue work. They are for tlie most
part made of good gravel construction,
properly graded and drained ; with some
waterbound macadam. As might be ex-
pected the gravel surfaces are somewhat
muddy and show wheel marks in wet
weather and become dusty in dry times.
We purchased a six-ton tandem steam
roller, which has proven one of the best in-
vestments we have ever made. It is at
work almost continually from early spring
till late fall, especially in rainy weather. It
keeps all ruts and scars smoothed out splen-
didly, and is heavy enough for the construc-
tion of new work. As fast as rock is taken
out of the ground and our means will per-
mit it is hauled to and put through our
crusher, screened into three sizes, two of the
stone, and the dust carrying with it the pea
size used for surface dressing. We give a

266

PARK AND C EM ET ER\

true and even surface grade to our gravel
avenues ; cover the entire surface with
about two inches of broken stone, using the
smaller size on top for leveilng up and fill-
ing interstices between the larger, roll it
thoroughly, but not too much, and apply
hot Tarvia X under pressure at the rate of
one and one-half gallons per square yard,
and immediately before it cools and hardens
apply a good finishing coat of stone dust
and pea size together, following it immedi-
ately with the roller, resulting in a hard,
clean, dustless and weedless road, which
with the usual amount of cemetery traffic
will last with practically no cost or atten-
tion for many years. I have sent ten-ton
loads over them on steel-tired vehicles
without the slightest injury. We intend
to follow this up until all our avenues
and broad gravel paths are thus treated.

A few years ago I installed a change
in our system of records consisting of a
wall map of the whole ground showing
location of all buildings and principal
features, including subdivision into sec-
tions made by accurate surveys to a scale
of fifty feet to one inch. Section maps
to a scale of twenty feet to one inch and
then a diagram of each individual lot
drawn to a scale of five feet to an inch,
showing besides the lot plan of each
separate grave, together with owner's name
and address, the list of interments by both
name and record number, the dimensions,
area, location of monuments, grave mark-
ers and other features like steps, curbings,
fences, perpetual care, etc., being done by
typewriter on a card sufficiently thin and
flexible it is easily and quickly done. All
this in duplicate. One set is kept in fireproof
vault at Mt. Hope and duplicates at the
office of our secretary in city hall. All in-
terment records are still entered and car-
ried in indexed and bound books and again
on cards filed alphabetically in the usual
filing cabinets. Our most annoying prob-
lem is that of metal markers which many
fraternal, religious, social and patriotic or-
ganizations insist upon sticking into the
ground upon the graves of deceased mem-
bers. Beginning with the veterans of the
Civil War it has been taken up by first one
and then another of the associations until
it has become an unmitigated nuisance,
causing labor and watchfulness on our
part, with untold annoyance and contro-
versy with those placing them. Usually
made of poor quality cast iron they soon
become rusty, broken and dilapidated.

Improving a

The recent rehabilitation of a church
■cemetery at Valley City, Ohio, shows what
can be done in the nature of improving and
beautifying a country cemetery by the resi-
dents of a community themselves. The
work done here might well be an object
lesson to many small communities, where

Some are being made of bronze, which
have a considerable old metal value, and
are therefore stolen from the cemeteries,
usually at night, for that reason. 1 can
show rather a choice collection of a few of
the various styles taken at random, but they
do not by any means represent the entire
list. I strongly urge official action at this
convention looking toward the prohibition
of these things.

Although I must have tried your patience
already I cannot close without asking you
to study with me comparatively a few of
the ancient and some of the modern memo-
rial stones, for it seems to me a fitting time
and place to do so as we are gathered here
among these beautiful green hills of God’s
country where has been erected the home
of memorial makers. I will not attempt to
discuss the large range of popular and at-
tractive structures which have been well
and abundantly illustrated not only in
“Park and Cemetery," but in publicity lit-
erature issued by the manufacturers, and
which may be seen in any of our good
cemeteries. Most of the stones now
standing that were erected prior to about
1700 were made of an excellent quality of
probably Welsh slate, cut in England and
brought over seas in their finished state,
except the very earliest ones, which were
made of native green porphyritic stone;
one side and sometimes two sides were
smoothed to receive the inscription which
was more rudely executed in all capital let-
ters than were those of a latter date, about
the middle of the 18th century, when lower
case letters began to be used ; sometimes,
however, indiscriminately in curious mix-
ture. Our oldest date so far found is that
on the stone of William Paddy, bearing
date 1G38. If there is an older one in the
country I should like to see it. Among
those imported prior to about 1750 there
are many beautiful and well preserved
specimens, a careful examination of which
will amply repay the time required. In our
old grounds may be seen today, after an
outdoor existence of probably '200 years,
many beautifully executed carvings of fam-
ily arms and armorial design, exhibiting
workmanship of which the well known
clever citizens of Barre might well feel
proud to be able to duplicate. Other and
cheaper kinds of foreign slate were intro-
duced into this country subsequent to this
era, of the fine grained, solid unctuous
Wales slate, coming in rough slabs and cut

Small

there is an interest in making their burial
spots more attractive, convenient and
usable.

Saint Martin’s Church is two miles from
Valley City, Ohio, and is a large Catholic
church in the midst of a farming com-
munity. The property comprises the

here. Marlile, apparently, began to be used
about 1810, but was not common until
thirty or more years later.

Early in the 18th century American slate
began to be used, as was also sandstone or
native freestone. This period marks clearly
the beginning of a retrograde movement in
memorial stones in both material and work-
manship, the outgrowth no doubt of the
same thought of thrift and “easy money,”
which sends many of our local cutters and
“mortuary architects” today to the “grout
heap” of soft granite quarries for stock to
be had at low cost and easy cutting quali-
ties with which he can “get by.” Also in
the matter of design it seems to me there
is a distinct retrogression. If some of the
early designs seem weird and abnormal to
us now, we must admit that they express
thought, sentiment, sympathy and affec-
tion. Perhaps the most interesting feature
of ancient gravestones and one that is gen-
erally little regarded, which expresses the
ornamental as well as the mimic art, will
be found in perpendicular borders on either
side of the inscription area, three or four
inches wide ; reduced to simple line draw-
ings are a few of the forms used, which I
will show. On the upper corners may be
found circular ornaments, some are crude
and simple, but many are artistic and have
ample authority in rules of architecture,
here again expressing knowledge, thought,
study and expressive ability. Let us be
honest with ourselves and our present-day
methods, shapes, forms and dimensions.
Compare the ancient effort and results with
some of our lately made and erected — what
shall I call them — monstrosities. They are
awful, without authority, either in architec-
tural rules or even endorsed by normal in-
tellect. I asked the lady how she came to
select the design. She replied, “Oh, he had
it all made, and called my attention to the
beautiful light and shadow effect which
could only be produced by the design.”
Here is another made by the same “mortu-
ary architect.” I suppose he sold this one
because “the circle is an emblem of eter-
nity, having neither beginning nor end.”
Such designs might be suitable subjects
upon which to place the inscription ordered
by the chap whose good wife had died and
he instructed the marker to inscribe on the
front, “The light of my life has gone out.”
Six weeks later he had married again and
going back to order it left off, he was too
late ; it had been cut, so he added “but I
have found another match.”

Cemetery

church, school, club house, parsonage and
other out-buildings fronting on the country
road and the church yard in the rear of
several acres.

Two years ago this cemetery was a neg-
lected, water-soaked spot. It had never
been graded or drained, was over grown

Country

PARK AND CEMETERY

267

with weeds and grass, unfenced, neglected
and desolate. Monuments inclined at all
angles, were broken and defaced and had
been placed without attention to alignment
or foundations.

At request of Rev. J. M. Kitter, the pastor
in charge, Clark & Pike, landscape archi-
tects of Willoughby, Ohio., mapped the cem-
etery as it then stood. They took the exact
location of each grave and tombstone, pre-
pared a topographical map of the entire
property, together with designs and data
for removing all tombstones, grading and
draining the cemetery, and replacing the
stones in their correct locations upon good,
■concrete bases ; located new walks and
driveways and prepared a planting scheme
for the beautification of the property.
Since that time Rev. Kitter, with the as-
sistance of twenty or more of his parish-
ioners, has completed all improvements,
with the e.xception of shrubberies which
will go in next spring.

The cemetery is now graded, drained, all
headstones and monuments are on concrete
bases and are lined up and in their correct

In order to avoid the confusion and un-
■certainty as to the heirship and ownership
of the cemetery lot, many cemeteries make
it a practice to definitely summarize the law
of the state on this important matter and
put it before lot holders in printed form.

The following statements on the subject
of rights of ownership in New York are
from the printed matter of two leading
New York cemeteries.

Woodlawn Cemetery, New York, says:

“To enable lot owners and heirs to un-
derstand their rights of ownership, the law
on the subject, which has from time to
time been amended, is here stated in sub-
stance :

“I. Before an interment the owner may,
with the consent of the corporation, sell or
dispose of the use of the lot or undivided
interest in it. After an interment the lot
is forever inalienable except that if all bod-
ies interred in the lot are lawfully removed
therefrom, a sale may be made with the
consent of the cemetery corporation. The
provision of the statutes making lots in-
alienable, permits one or more heirs-at-law
of the owner or one or more joint owners
to release to all other such heirs or joint
owners, his, her or their interest in the
same on such conditions as shall be speci-
fied in the release, a copy of which must
be filed in the office of the cemetery.

“11. Upon the death of the owner of a
lot the same will descend to his heirs-at-
law. In the case, however, of husband and
wife, where the deed is taken jointly in the
name of both, they take as tenants by the
entirety, and upon the death of either the
survivor will take the whole lot. The
'heirs-at-law' within the meaning .jf the
statute are :

places, the broken ones repaired, a fine
lawn developed, and a concrete walk laid
from the street through the cemetery to a
point at which it is intended to erect a
marble group. A neat iron hitch-rail has
been provided for the hitching of horses,
the posts being set in concrete. Graves are
to be kept level with the lawn, and the
church will plant trees, shrubbery and flow-
ers next spring, providing shade and beauty.

When the matter was first undertaken
the people of the community were for the
most part opposed to the improvement and
it is due to the untiring efforts of Rev. Kit-
ter that there was sufficient change of opin-
ion to carry out the work. The work was
started during the summer and completed
in September. About twenty men gave
their services under the guidance of Rev.
Kitter and now all feel amply repaid for
their efforts and are an.xious to have the
planting scheme carried into effect.

Mainly through the efforts of Rev. Kit-
ter, a macadamized road has been con-
structed past the church property connecting

"First: The children of the decedent and
the descendants of any of them who have
died. And

“Second: If there are no children or
descendants of a child ; then the other rela-
tives of the decedent in the order pre-
scribed by law in respect to descent of real
property. The heirs-at-law will own the
lot in undivided shares, each taking an
equal interest in it according to the degree
of relationship to the decedent.

“HI. Any one purchasing a lot may
designate the persons or class of persons
who shall use the same after his death.

“IV. The cemetery is authorized to take
and hold any lot which an owner may con-
vey or devise to it, in which conveyance or
devise the owner may restrict interment to
such person or persons or such class of per-
sons as shall be prescribed in the convey-
ance or devise.

“V. The widow of an owner shall have
the right of interment in the lot, and she
may at any time release her right in such
lot, but no conveyance or devise by any
other person shall deprive her of such right.

"VI. After the death of a lot owner, an
affidavit of one of the heirs, showing the
facts relating to the heirship, must be filed
in the office of the cemetery. Blank forms
of such affidavits can be obtained and sworn
to at either office.”

Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y..
makes the following announcement “To
families of deceased lot owners” :

“In order to prevent any misunderstand-
ing as to the pro.per method of securing
the use of lots after the death of the own-
ers, the following information is submitted:

“Orders for the use of lots can be re-

with the main market road of the county.
Sidewalks and retaining wall of concrete
have been built at the front and it is pro-
posed to place a serviceable fence around
the entire property.

From a most dilapidated appearance, the
property has emerged into an attractive,
neat and trim church and cemetery prop-
erty, a credit to the entire community, their
pride in which is reflected in their new
interest in improving the appearance of
their own residence grounds. The cost in
money was small, although the cost in
labor, if paid in money, would have been
considerable. Any community can accom-
plish as much at any time by getting to-
gether in the proper spirit. It is needless
to say that there are thousands of neg-
lected cemeteries in the land which are a
disgrace to the localities where situated,
which can as readily be made decently re-
spectable and even beautiful as has this
one at Valley City, with th6 development
of a little of that “get together spirit'' so
frequently absent in rural communities.

Cemetery Lots

ceived only from the owners, and no per-
sons can be recognized as lot owners unless
their names appear as such upon the rec-
ords of the cemetery.

“Upon the death of the owner, leaving no
will, or leaving a will wdiich does not dis-
pose of the lot, an affidavit of one of the
heirs, embracing the facts of the case re-
lating to heirship, must be filed in this
office.

“In all cases where the owner has left a
will which disposes of the lot, the will, or-
a copy of the same, certified by the proper
Surrogate’s Court, must be produced, but
w’ill he returned after examination.

“The charge for registering the change
of ownership on the records of the ceme-
tery is one dollar. Affidavits will be pre-
pared, if desired, without additional charge.

“The information usually required to
prepare the affidavit w'here the owner has
died intestate, or where the lot is not affect-
ed by the will, will be supplied by furnish-
ing:

“First — The name of the deceased owner,
and the date of death, and whether leaving
a widow or a husband.

“Second — The names of the children, and
if married, the names of both husband and
wife; if any have deceased, the names of
their children.

“Third — If there be no children living,
nor descendants of deceased children, state
the names of the father and mother, and
whether living or not.

“Fourth — If there be no children living,
nor descendants of deceased children, nor
father or mother living, give the names of
the brothers and sisters of the deceased
owner, and the names of the descendants
of any deceased brother or sister.”

Ownership and Heirship of

268

P A R K A N D CEM EP ER]

Better Types of the Tablet Memorial

“There is plenty of architectural and
sculptural talent available for the elabo-
rate memorial costing upwards of five
thousand dollars, but little has been done
in an artistic way for the stones costing
from one hundred to three hundred
dollars." This concise statement re-
cently appeared in the editorial pages of
"Monumental News.” On the surface, it
is a comment innocent enough, so much
so, in fact, that we accept it without the

The tablet, so-called, is perhaps the
most common type of memorial in our
cemeteries. Under this heading are gen-
erally included those monuments of
small scale which cannot be styled sar-
cophagi, screens, headstones and the
like, although we often meet the term
in describing larger types characterized
by a slender treatment. With the pos-
sible exception of those tablets which
have been given an academic touch by

ally observed. Why is it that in the
Robinson the effect is so decidedly satis-
factory despite the reversal of proce-
dure? Obviously because of the ex-
tremely small projection of the upper
base, which is almost a part of the die.
The bottom stone was but nine inches in
thickness, leaving but five or six inches
above the grass line. The letters are
incised Roman — and cut in Barre gran-
ite. Please notice how the designer has

ROBINSON

iJ^RTHA SAKkE'

ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION. WELL APPLIED.

EFFECTIVE AND UNUSUAL BASE TREATMENT.

slightest feeling. The subtle comparison
drawn, the incongruity of the situation
and condition it reveals should not be
ignored, however. The preponderant
majority of memorials erected annually
in this country are unciuestionably in the
“one hundred to three hundred dollar
class." It seems impossible that refine-
ment, character and originality should
not have been felt in such work until so
late a day. A vast amount of work is
daily being placed in our cemeteries, the
major part of it to remain for ever as
an indictment of our art. Fortunately,
however, important dealers have come
to realize the seriousness of the situa-
tion and are shunning the crude, mean-
ingless, and grotesque “jobs” so common
in any cemetery. By patronizing manu-
facturers who bend their energies to-
ward higher ideals, they are fostering a
“Renaissance" that is quite revolution-
ary. They are, moreover, supporting the
trade journals in their persistent and
fruitful criticisms of the “rock-face
freaks,” “ice-wagon letters,” piled-up
bases and other heretofore characteristic
crimes against good taste.

It has been a long, almost tiresome
struggle to awaken interest in the pos-
sibilities of the inexpensive monument.

introducing a cap and oth.er classic de-
tails, the type may be fairly attributed to
American design.

Before discussing some of the better
types of tablet, let us briefly consider
some principles and suggestions concern-
ing their design. Writers on the subject
of composition in architecture empha-
size the rule that in buildings of the
vertical type, strong horizontal lines
be avoided, and likewise in horizontal
themes, the introduction of strong ver-
tical members should be avoided.

In conclusion, we may summarize that
the tablet is receiving the attention it
demands ; that important progress has
been made toward good design and deco-
ration and that continued development
depends on conditions not unlike those
governing other forms, namely, a more
general knowledge of the laws of line,
form and decoration, such as they are,
for their application lifts a work from
meaningless and uninteretsing medioc-
rity to the heights of artistic creation.

In studying the “Robinson” memorial,
let us first consider the bases. In
bases of the more common projections
it is desirable to have each superim-
posed base smaller than the base imme-
diately below — a practice quite gener-

saved the single ornament from the
common fault of executing car\ing too
boldly, by raising the detail in a sunken
panel. Surely no one can charge that
thie wreath has lost any prominence — and
it virtually has no relief in the
common acceptation of the word. The
dimensions are ; Die, 4-9x0-10x3-3 ;
B., S-Oxl-lxliya: B. B., 6-4x2-5x91/2;
erected in Woodlawn Cemetery by the
Leland Company and carved from their
design, quite a few years since, by the
Union Granite Company of Northfield,
Vt.

The Bolles talilet is an architectural
composition of rare refinement. The
recess and vessel are the “center of in-
terest.” Such an element is desiralile in
all compositions. The questionable use
of the family name on the base was here
perhaps necessary, though one wonders
why it was not omitted. The manner in
which it is done here is not offensive,
but when it is used on the wash of bases
it is as incongruous as it would be to
inscribe a name on the water-table of a
mausoleum. The sizes are : Cap, 6-5x
1-51/2.; die, 5-11x0-1 iy2x2-10>^ ; base, 6-4
xl-4%x0-10.

The

r.lRK AND CEMLiTllRV

269

Cemetery Law of Illinois

A Digest of Important Illinois Decisions on Cemetery Law and
of the Statutes of the State Affecting Cemeteries by A. L. H. Street.

Many of the rules of law relating to
cemeteries depend upon court decisions,
rather than upon statutes, because enact-
ments of the legislature cannot be found
to cover every practical question arising in
the control and management of burial
grounds. If there is a specific statute cov-
ering a given point; that is, of course, con-
trolling upon the courts. But since it is
the province of a judge to interpret the
language used by legislators, especially
where it is doubtful in meaning, and to
blaze a le.gal trail where there is no statute
to guide, it follows that the body of court
decisions constitute a most important
branch of cemetery law.

And as may naturally be expected it is
in the older and more populous states that
perplexing questions relating to cemetery
law have most frequently arisen. Among
such states, the law reports of Illinois
afford interesting study, not only for the
cemetery man of that state, but for the
resident of any other commonwealth, in
that the decisions of the Illinois Supreme
Court have persuasive force with judges
in other jurisdiction. For the interest of
readers of P.akk and Cemetkry, I have
prepared the following abstract of the
most important opinions of that high court,
which will be found to cover a very broad
and instructive field.

STATUS OF ASSOCIATIONS.

There is nothing in the nature or objects
of a cemetery association which necessarily
impresses upon its property or revenues a
trust character. A provision in the special
charter of a cemetery association that it
shall hold the lands to be purchased “in
trust for the purpose of interment and a
repository of the dead forever,” does not
impress a trust cliaracter upon the rev-
enues derived by the association from the
sale of burial lots, concerning which a
different charter provision is made. A
provision in such charter that the ceme-
tery association shall, out of the proceeds
of sales of lots, “keep the grounds in re-
pair and in good order, ’ does not charge
the association with the duty of caring for
and keeping in repair lots which have been
sold to individuals for burial purposes.
Under such charter, after suitable provi-
sion is made out of the proceeds of sales
for keeping the grounds in good order and
repair, the surplus belongs to the members
of the association, and may lawfully be
divided among them. Suit brought upon
the theory that an association acting under
such a charter is a charitable trust, the lot
owners being the beneficiaries, and seeking
to prevent the devotion of any part of the
association’s revenues to the private use
of the members, is properly dismissed,
where it is sought to have the court virtu-

ally take and administer the cemetery as a
trust, and tlie proof fails to show that the
association has neglected to keep the
grounds, excepting lots already sold for
burial purposes, in good order. (Bourland
vs. Springdale Cemetery Assn., 1^8 111.
458. Decided Oct. 11, 1895.)

DEDICATION AND DESECRATION.

No particular form is necessary to con-
stitute a dedication of land for burial pur-
poses. All that need be shown is the as-
sent of the owner, and the fact that the
“land is used for the public purposes in-
tended by him. Staking off ground as a
cemetery and permitting burials therein
amounts to a dedication. It has been held
that the notorious use of property for
twenty years for burial purposes with the
acquiesence of the owner affords presump-
tive evidence of its dedication for such
purposes. Having made a dedication of
his land to this use, the original owner or
his successor in title may be enjoined
against molesting the graves in any man-
ner. The injunction suit may be main-
tained by any person having relatives or
friends interred in the grounds in question.
(Wormley vs. Wormley, 207 111. Ill, de-
cided Feruary 17, 1904.) To the same ef-
fect is the decision in Davidson vs. Reed,
111 111. 167, decided in 1884.

STATUS OF UNPLATTED LANES.

In a proceeding by a railway company to
condemn land owned by a cemetery com-
pany, the railway company is entitled to
prove, on the question of right to appro-
priate and of damages, that the land is not
actually used for burial purposes and is
not adapted to such use. A mere convey-
ance of land to a corporation empowered
to conduct a cemetery does not auto-
matically convert the property into burial
grounds. Lands not devoted to burial pur-
poses would not become a part of the
cemetery by merely being within the same
enclosure. What creates the cemetery is
the act of setting the ground apart for
the burial of the dead, marking it, and
distinguishing it from the adjoining
ground, as a place of burial. (Concordia
Cemetery Assn. vs. Minnesota & North-
western Railroad Co., 121 111. 199, decided
June 17, 1887.)

CEMETERY AS A NUISANCE.

Charter power given a municipality to
abate nuisances does not authorize adop-
tion of an ordinance prohibiting contem-
plated establishment of a cemetery. This
preventive power could only be exercised
in reference to things necessarily consti-
tuting nuisances. A cemetery is not neces-
sarily a nuisance, whether it is so or not
depending upon the particular surrounding
circumstances. A cemetery may be so
placed as to be injurious to the public

health, and therefore a nuisance. It may,
on the other hand, be so located and ar-
ranged, so planted with trees and flower-
ing shrubs, intersected with drives and
walks, and decorated with monumental
marbles as to be no less beautiful than a
public landscape garden, and as free from
all reasonable objection. (Town of Lake
View vs. Letz et ah, 44 111. 81, decided in
1867.)

Although the legislature is amply em-
powered to pass laws regulating the inter-
ment of the dead, so as to prevent injury
to the public health, and although use of
land may thereby be restricted, it was be-
yond the power of the legislature, after a
cemetery company had been chartered to
acquire land to the extent of 5(lij acres,
and after the land had been acquired and
improved for burial use, to enact a law
purporting to prevent the company from
using any of such lands outside its then
inclosure, for the burial of the dead, espe-
cially on it appearing that the land was
situated at a proper distance from any
populous community and was well adapted
to cemetery use. (Lake View vs. Rose
Hill Cemetery Co., 7t) 111. 191, decided in
1873. )

CONFLICTING CEMETERY NAMES.

Where a cemetery which had been
known for fifty years as the Mount Hope
Cemetery was taken over by a corporation
organized under the name, “The Mount
Hope Cemetery Association,” the use of
the name "The New Mount Hope Ceme-
tery Association" by a subsequently organ-
ized and competing company owning an
adjoining tract of land will be enjoined as
having an unfair tendency to lead persons
to believe that the new burial grounds con-
stitute part of the old and well-known
cemetery. ( Mount Hope Cemetery Assn,
vs. New Mount Hope Cemetery Assn., 246
111. 416, decided October 28, 1910.)

RIGHTS IN DRIVEWAYS, ETC.

In the last cited case, defendant sought
to establish the right of the public to use
the avenues, driveways, etc., in plaintiff’s
burial grounds as a means of entrance to
and exit from defendant’s adjoining ceme-
tery, although defendant had direct access
to the public streets and highways abutting
upon its grounds. In holding that defend-
ant could not enforce this right, the court
said :

“When a proprietor of land plats the
same into lots, blocks, avenues and drive-
ways for cemetery purposes and sells lots
according to such plat for burial purposes,
we think the proprietor of said cemetery
retains the control over the cemetery
grounds, subject only to the rights of the
lot owners who have purchased lots, and
that the title to the avenues and driveways

270

P A R K AND C EM ET ER

in the cemetery remains in the original pro-
prietor and his grantees, subject to the
right of the purchasers, including their
relatives and friends, to use such avenues
and driveways for the purpose of going to,
returning from and visiting said lots ; that
the right of the purchaser in such plat is
more analogous to that of a purchaser of
a pew in a church than to the purchaser of
a lot within a village or city abutting upon
a street.”

Accordingly it was decided that defend-
ant had no interest in the driveways on
plaintiffs grounds, and that defendant be-
came a trespasser in removing a fence
between the two cemeteries, in leveling off
grounds within plaintiff’s cemetery to form
a connection, and in inviting funeral cor-
teges to pass through plaintiff's grounds.

In the case of Hildebrand vs. Mount
Greenwood Cemetery Assn., 12fi 111. App.
399, the Illinois Appellate Court reversed
judgment which had been awarded against
defendant on account of injury to plaintiff,
caused by her falling into an excavation
existing on defendant’s grounds. The court
said :

“When plaintiff’s father purchased his
lot he thereby acquired the right of way to
the lot, and if there was a constructed
w'alk or avenue leading to his lot from the
gate of the cemetery, such way was a servi-
tude in favor of the lot. . . . Rut if there
was such prepared way, he did not acquire
. . . any right of way to the lot over the
grounds of the cemetery used or intended
for burial purposes. Manifestly, the plain-
tiff who, as she testified, visited the ceme-
tery by direction of her father, for the
purpose of decorating her sister’s grave in
his lot, had no greater right than her
father. In returning from the grave of
her deceased friend to her father’s lot she
might have done so by a safe and con-
venient walk, without encroaching on any
part of the cemetery intended for burials,
but she chose, solely for her own con-
venience, to cross the grounds thus, as she
says, making a short cut to her father’s
lot. It is for the convenience of the own-
ers of lots in a cemetery and to their in-
terest, that the proprietors of the cemetery
shall construct safe and convenient ave-
nues and ways for access to the burial lots,
and when this is done every lot owner has
an implied license to use such means of ac-
cess, but has no license to roam over the
grounds for his own pleasure or conveni-
ence, and if one so does, it is at his own
risk, and if he suffers injury in so doing,
the proprietors of the cemetery are not
liable. The grounds of the cemetery, out-
side of the avenues or ways provided for
access to lots, are not intended for w'alking
in, but solely for burial purposes.’’

RIGHT TO EXCLUDE PERSONS.

In the case of Graves vs. City of Bloom-
ington, 67 111. App. 493, decided in 1896,
Graves was convicted of assault in forcibly
excluding prosecuting witness from a cem-
etery of which the former was superin-
tendent. The conviction was sustained on

the ground that the prosecuting witness
was unreasonably prevented from entering
the cemetery for the purpose of watering
flowers on graves, as she had been em-
ployed to do by the lot owners. The Ap-
pellate Court held that although the char-
ter of a cemetery association may confer
a private franchise, yet the use made of it
necessarily impresses it with a public char-
acter in some degree, and that when lots
are sold for burial purposes, the purchaser
acquires the right to visit the same and to
improve and care for such lots either in
person or by agent. But those seeking ad-
mission must come during proper hours
and for proper purposes, and when admit-
ted must observe the decorum of such a
place, and the superintendent may exclude
any whose presence or conduct is unseemly
or indecent.

Since the cemetery in question does not
appear to have previously adopted any reg-
ulation providing for care of all lots under
the direct control of the cerhetery authori-
ties, there is nothing in this decision at
variance with other court holdings recog-
nizing the right of cemeteries to adopt
reasonable regulations covering such mat-
ters, provided that the regulations operate
without discrimination.

REGUL.VTIONS MUST BE UNIFORM.

Where a cemetery company’s charter au-
thorizes the governing authorities to make
such rules and regulations for the govern-
ment of lot owners and visitors as may
he deemed necessary, they may make them,
hut the rules and regulations must be rea-
sonable, equal in their operation, and uni-
form in their application to all owners of
lots in the cemetery. The managers of the
cemetery may not adopt a valid rule con-
ferring a right upon one owner in regard
to the improvement of his lot, and deny
the same right to another lot owner. So
a rule against the erection of vaults upon
lots must be general in its operation and
not discriminatory against one or a few
owners. A rule that "no vault shall be
built entirely or partially above ground
without permission of the company,” ta-
ken in connection with another rule to the
effect that no vault shall be so constructed
until the designs and specifications, with a
diagram of location, etc., shall have been
submitted and approved by the board of
managers of the cemetery, can not be re-
garded as prohibiting the erection of a
vault : and in the absence of a rule prohib-
iting such erection as to all persons, the
board of managers have no power to es-
tablish a rule governing a particular case.
In this case, and acting under a rule re-
quiring designs, etc., to be submitted, no
objection was made to the designs or speci-
fications submitted by plaintiff, a lot owner,
and the question of granting leave for the
vault was left to the decision of the ceme-
tery’s landscape gardener, who reported
against the improvement. Many other
vaults had been constructed without objec-
tion by the cemetery authorities. Held,
that under these circumstances plaintiff

was entitled to enjoin interference with
the construction of the vault. (Rosehill
Cemetery Co. vs. Hopkinson, 114 111. 209,
decided May 15, 1885.)

NATURE OF A LOT OWNEr’s TITLE.

The sale of lots in a public cemetery does
not pass title in fee, but assures to the
grantee an easement for burial purposes so
long as the ground is used for a cemetery,
and this right passes to the grantee’s fam-
ily at his death. The trustees of a ceme-
tery, after conveying a lot to one person,
have no power to subsequently apply the
lot, or any portion thereof, to the use of
another person, unless the original grantee
or his successors have abandoned the lot.
Ownership in a cemetery lot which had
been recognized by the trustees for more
than forty years could not be disturbed be-
cause the record books failed to show,
upon their face, that the grantee had paid
for the lot, particularly where such books
are shown to have been carelessly kept.
( MeWhirter vs. Newell, 2(19 111. 583, de-
cided Feb. 18, 1903.)

Where a cemetery association sold a
certain lot to plaintiff at a time when lot
owners were privileged to arrange for the
digging of graves by their own employes,
and the cemetery was later transferred to
a city, the city could not, as against such
purchaser, cut off this right by adopting
an ordinance providing that no grave
should thereafter be dug in the cemetery
except by permission of and under the
direction of the city sexton, so long as
the work should be done in a safe and
proper manner. But the ordinance would
be valid as to persons buying lots after
adoption of the ordinance. (Richey vs.
City of Canton, 46 111. App. 185, decided
April 11, 1892.)

RACIAL DISCRIMINATIONS.

Although the Illinois statutes expressly
forbid discrimination in the prices to be
charged for lots in cemeteries on account
of race or color, there is nothing in the
law or in the state or federal constitution
to require a cemetery corporation, which
has no power to condemn land for ceme-
tery purposes (on the theory that it is
thrown open to the public) and which has
no monopoly of the burial places in the
particular vicinity, to sell a lot to a col-
ored person and admit his wife’s body for
liurial, altbough the refusal be based solely
upon the ground of color. The mere fact
that the cemetery’s grounds are exempted
from taxation does not constitute the cor-
poration a public utility. (People vs. For-
est Home Cemetery Co., 258 111. 36, de-
cided April 3, 1913.)

POLLUTION OF NEARBY STREAMS.

Pollution of the waters of a stream used
for domestic purposes, watering cattle,
harvesting ice, etc., by a sewer draining the
wet portions of cemeteries may be enjoined
b}' the aggrieved parties. It is not for jus-
tification for threatened pollution in such
case that the waters may to some extent
be rendered unwholesome by other causes,

such as washings from manured lands or
connections with other drains. Neither a
town nor a cemetery association has any
right, by contract or otherwise, to author-
ize the pollution of a stream. (Barrett vs.
Mount Greenwood Cemetery Association,
159 111. 385, decided January 20, 1896.)

E.XEMPTIONS FROM TAXATION.

An Illinois statute exempting from taxa-
tion "all lands used as grave-yards or
grounds for burying the dead’ could not
be construed as exempting a separate lot
adjoining a cemetery, purchased, held and
used, not for burial purposes, but for the
office and residence of the custodian of
the grounds, although the lot contained a
well supplying w^ater for use on the
grounds. Laws exempting favored classes
of property from taxation must be strictly
interpreted. ( Bloomington Cemetery Assn,
vs. People, 170 111. 377, decided December
22, 1897.)

A special legislative charter of a ceme-
tery corporation provided that all property
held and actually used by the company for
burial purposes, and for the general uses
of lot holders or subservient to burial
uses, and which had been platted and re-
corded as cemetery grounds, should be
exempt from taxation. The company had
ground in actual use for cemetery pur-
poses, and other lands separated therefrom
by a highway, which were platted and re-
corded as cemetery lands, but not used as
such. The company had erected on the
latter lands a stable and some houses, oc-
cupied by men in its employment. The
lands were used as a source of supply for
mold and sand used in improving the
grounds actually in use for burials. Under
these circumstances it was decided that the
last-mentioned lands were not exempt from
taxation. (People vs. Graceland Cemetery
Co., 86 III. 336, decided in 1877.)

The following abstract of the provisions
of the general statutes of Illinois relating
to cemeteries is submitted to readers of
Park and Cemetery with the double view
that it will be useful for preservation by
Illinois cemetery men for future reference,
and at the same time afford an interesting
study of cemetery legislation by readers
throughout the several states.

The compiler has attempted to cover all
important statutes now in force, including
those enacted at the 1917 session of the
Illinois Legislature, but excluding special
laws relating to particular cemeteries.

PRIVATE COMPANIES.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 565. — Provides for the
■organization of private corporations for
pecuniary profit, including “organizations
for the purchase and sale of real estate
for burial purposes only.” A cemetery
■company organized under this statute is
governed by general corporation statutes,
■the provisions of which are too numerous
and voluminous to permit even summariz-
ing here. It is believed, however, that a
pamphlet copy of the Illinois Corporation
Law can be obtained on application to the
Secretary of State at Springfield.

PARK AND CEMETERY

CEMETERY ASSOCIATIONS.

Rev. Stat. 1913, pp. 160-163, as amended
by 1917 session laws. — “Any six or more
persons may organize a Cemetery Asso-
ciation, to be owned, managed and con-
trolled in the manner hereinafter pro-
vided.”

"Whenever six or more persons shall
present to the Secretary of State a petition
setting forth that they desire to organize
a Cemetery Association under this act,
to be located in (here insert the county)
and that said Cemetery Association shall
be known by the name and style of (here
insert the name of the association), the
Secretary of State shall issue to such per-
sons and their successors in trust, a certifi-
cate of organization, which said certificate
. . . shall be in perpetuity and in trust for
the use and benefit of all persons who may
acquire burial lots in said cemetery.”

The recipients of the certificate must file
it for record in the recorder's office of the
county in which the cemetery is organized.
Recording constitutes the association “a
l)ody corporate under the name adopted,
and in its corporate name may sue and be
sued.’’

The charter members must select from
their own number a board of trustees of
not less than six nor more than ten mem-
bers. The trustees elect from their own
membership a president, vice president and
treasurer, and also a secretary, “who may
or may not be a member of said board, in
their discretion.” These officers hold office
for one >’ear, and until their successors
are duly elected and qualified. The
original trustees must, by lot, divide
themselves into two classes, the first hold-
ing office for three years, and the second
for six years. Thereafter the term of all
trustees is six years. On expiration of a
trustee’s term of office, or on his resigna-
tion, death, removal from office or removal
from the state, the remaining trustees, or
a majority of them, must notify the coun-
ty judge in writing, and he is required to
make an appointment to fill the vacancy.
In making such appointments, the judge
must select two-thirds of the trustees from
suitable persons residing within fifteen
miles of the cemetery, and the other ap-
pointees may be suitable persons interested
in the association through family inter-
ments or otherwise who are citizens of the
state.

Associations may “acquire the necessary
amount of land for the use of said ceme-
tery association which said land may be
acquired by purchase or by gift,” and may
“receive by gift, devise, or bequest any
property, either real, personal or mixed,
which may be donated to such association
and to hold and keep inviolate any such
property for the use of said cemetery asso-
ciation” ; and “may receive and administer
endowments for the care of such cemetery
or any part thereof.” (As amended by
Laws 1917, p. 219.)

An organized association may divide and
lay out into lots any real estate which it

271

may acquire, the lots to be of suitable size
for burial lots. The plat must be recorded
with the county recorder. The association
“shall have the right to sell to any person
or persons a lot or lots in said cemetery
for burial purposes only, and to convey to
such person or persons said lot by proper
deed of conveyance.’’

The cemetery treasurer “shall from time
to time loan any money which said asso-
ciation may have and which is not needed
for the immediate use of said association,
taking proper security.”. Before a loan is
valid, it and the security must be approved
by the board of trustees.

No officer or trustee shall receive com-
pensation for his services, except that the
secretary “may receive such salary as may
be fixed by the Board of Trustees."

“No dividends shall be declared or paid
to any officer or other person from the
funds of said Cemetery Association, but
the same shall be kept inviolate and to be
used only for purposes of said association
and the care, preservation and ornamenta-
tion of said cemetery.”

"The board of trustees shall, once in
every year, and oftener if required by the
county court, make a full report of all
money and other property received by the
association and of all endowments being
administered by the association, and of all
outstanding loans. On approval of the
report by the county judge, it is recorded
in the court. On disapproval of the report,
the county judge may require a true and
correct report. If the trustees fail to
make it, or to properly account for asso-
ciation funds, the county judge must direct
the state’s attorney to institute suit against
the trustees, or such of them as are re-
sponsible for any misappropriation or
wrongful use of funds to recover the
amount of money so misappropriated or
wrongfully used.” (As amended by Laws
1917, p. 219.)

Any trustee may be removed by the
county judge for misconduct, and any trus-
tee “who shall convert any funds of such
association to his own use, or to a use
other than that intended, shall be guilty of
embezzlement and punished accordingly.’’
(As amended by Laws 1917, p. 220.)

The board of trustees “may make any
and all rules and regulations for the man-
agement of said association not inconsist-
ent with this act, and may require that
the treasurer . . . give bond for the safe
keeping of any money and other property
that may come into his hands.”

Existing cemetery associations may
transfer their property to an association
organized under this act.

“The property, both real and personal,
of any association organized under this
act shall be forever exempt from taxation
for any and all purposes.”

An association organized under the act
“shall be a public corporation, for the pur-
pose of burial ground and cemetery busi-
ness only.”

An association “which shall have ac-

272

PARK AND CEMETERY

quired or may hereafter acquire land by
purchase, deed, will, or otherwise, and
shall have platted, mapped, and used said
land for cemetery purposes, may, when
necessary, acquire additional land adjoin-
ing and abutting on such cemetery by con-
demnation proceedings.” But “no such
land sought to be condemned shall be or
lie within the corporate limits of any city
or village.”

Petition for leave to condemn land must
be verified by affidavit and be filed in the
county clerk’s office, and directed to the
judge of the county court. The petition
“shall contain a description of the ceme-
tery, its location, as already established
and in use, a statement of the number of
lots sold, and the number yet unsold, a
description of the land sought to be ac-
quired by condemnation, its location with
regard to dwelling houses in the vicinity
and state the reasons for filing the petition
and asking for condemnation proceedings.”

On filing the petition, notice in writing
must be served on the owners of the land
to be condemned, if he or they reside in
the state. The notice must state a day, not
less than ten days after the service, when
the petition will be heard, and also state
the court where it will be heard, describe
the ground to be condemned and state the
object for which it is to be used. If the
owner or owners cannot be found, or if
they do not reside in the state, the notice
may be given by publication in a newspaper
of general circulation in the county, once
each week for four successive weeks, or in
case no such paper is published in the
county, then by posting four notices in four
of the most public places of the county, at
least four weeks prior to the day of hear-
ing of the petition.

The owner or owners of the land sought
to be condemned may file objections with
the clerk of the county court, on or before
the day designated for the hearing in the
notice. If the objections are properly veri-
fied, the county judge must consider them
in connection with the petition.

If the county judge “considers the peti-
tion should not be granted,” the right to
file petition for condemnation shall be
denied. If he finds “that the best interest
of all concerned will be subserved by grant-
ing such petition,” he shall enter an order
“directing the petitioner to file its petition
not less than ten nor more than sixty days
from the date of such approval.” Condem-
nation is to be made under the same stat-
utes governing condemnation of lands for
other purposes.

PROVISIONS COMMON TO ASSOCIATIONS AND
COMPANIES.

Rev. Stat. 1913, pp. 158, 159. — “That any
burial lot in any cemetery controlled by
any company or association incorporated
for cemetery purposes under any general
or special law, . . . may, by the owner or
owners, be conveyed or devised back to
and held by such company or association
in perpetual trust for the purpose of its

preservation as a place of burial, and shall
thereafter remain forever inalienable by
act of the parties, but the right to use the
same as a place of burial of the dead of
the family of the owner and his descend-
ants shall descend from generation to gen-
eration unless the deed of conveyance in
trust shall provide that interments in such
lot shall be confined to the bodies of speci-
fied persons, in which case such lot shall
be forever preserved as the burial place of
the persons specified in the deed and shall
never be used for any other purpose what-
ever.’’ When there is a special corpora-
tion or board of trustees created to admin-
ister improvement funds for the ceme-
tery, the conveyance in trust above men-
tioned may be made to such corporation
or board. But no such conveyance may be
made without the consent of the associa-
tion or corporation in whose cemetery the
burial lot affected is situated.

Every incorporated cemetery association
or company “may receive by gift, devise,
bequest, or otherwise, moneys or real or
personal property, or the income or avails
of such moneys or property, in trust, in
perpetuity, for the perpetual and perma-
nent improvement, maintenance, ornamen-
taion, repair, care and preservation of any
Inirial lot or grave, vault, tomb, or other
such structures, in any cemetery owned or
controlled by such cemetery company or
association, upon such terms and in such
manner as may be provided by the terms of
such gift, devise, bequest, or other convey-
ance of such moneys or property in trust
and assented to by such company or asso-
ciation, and subject to the rules and regu-
lations of such company or association,
and every such company or association
. . . may make contracts with the owner
or owners or legal representatives of any
lot, grave, vault, tomb, or other such struc-
ture in such cemetery, for the perpetual
and permanent improvement, maintenance,
ornamentation, care, preservation and re-
pair of any such lot, grave, vault, tomb, or
other such structure.’’

NECES.SARY LAND MAY BE HELD.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 158. — “All cemetery
associations, or companies incorporated for
cemetery purposes, by any general or spe-
cial law of this state may acquire by pur-
chase, gift or devise, and may hold, own
and convey for burial purposes only, so
much land as may be necessary for use as
a cemetery or burial place for the dead.”

Laws 1915, pp. 660-670, deal with the
official registration of deaths. A copy of
this act can probably be obtained on appli-
cation to the secretary of the State Board
of Health. Cemeteries are specially af-
fected by section 11 of the act, which pro-
vides :

“That no dead human body or part
thereof shall be received by any person in
charge of any premises in which inter-
ments and other disposition of human bod-
ies are made unless said body or part
thereof is accompanied by a burial permit.

issued by any local registrar as herein pro-
vided. Each person in charge of any bur-
ial ground or other place of disposition of
human bodies shall keep a record in a
book provided for the purpose, of each in-
terment or other disposition of a human
body made in the cemetery * * * . Such
register or record shall be in the form
prescribed by the State Board of Health
and shall at all times be open to the inspec-
tion of said Board, the local registrar or
their duly authorized representatives.”
Persons in charge of cemeteries “shall file
the burial or removal permit with the local
registrar of the district in which the inter-
ment is made within three days from the
date of the receipt of such body, and shall
immediately report any violations or at-
tempted violations of this Act to the local
registrar of his district.” If there be no
person in charge of the burial ground, the
permit is to be signed by the undertaker,
with a statement “No person in charge,”
and file it with the registrar.

RECORDING BURIALS OF SOLDIERS AND SAILORS.

Laws 1915, p. 242, as amended by Laws
1917, p. 125. — “Every person, firm or cor-
poration owning or controlling any ceme-
tery or burial place . . . shall by itself,
his or its, superintendent or agent file with
the county clerk of the county in which
the body of any person who has served in
the military or naval services of the United
States is buried a certificate stating the
name of such person, the military or naval
service in which he was engaged, the num-
ber of the regiment and company, if a
soldier, and of the command if a sailor or
marine ; the rank and period of service
with the name and location of the ceme-
tery and the location of the grave in such
cemetery.’’

Blanks for making such certificates are
obtainable from the county clerk. The
clerk may charge a 25 cent fee for filing
and recording the certificate, payable by
the cemetery.

The Woman’s Relief Corps is authorized
to collect the data above mentioned and
file the necessary certificates. IMore than
one may be included in a certificate, and
if convenient the names of all the soldiers
and sailors buried in a single cemetery or
county may be included in a single certifi-
cate. The county clerk may charge 50
cents per folio for certificates containing
more than one name and more than one
folio.

To locate such burial places and report
them to the United States government for
erection of headstones, the Adjutant Gen-
eral shall employ a suitable person for twcv
years, to inspect the cemetery records above
mentioned, and to visit the cemeteries of
the state and by other reliable means to
locate such burial places. Such person
shall superintend the transportation of
monuments or headstones furnished by the
government, and their erection. $10,0(l(t is
appropriated for the two years, to cover
the employe’s annual salary of $1,800, trav-

eling expenses of equal amount, $400 for
an automobile and $2,400 for transporting
and setting up headstones.

EXPENSE OF BURYING SOLIIERS, ETC.

Laws 1907, as amended b\' Laws 1917, p.
2’23. — Provides for burial of indigent de-
ceased soldiers, sailors, or marines, of the
Civil and Spanish-American Wars and the
Boxer and Philippine insurrections, and the
burial of their mothers or widows, at pub-
lic expense not exceeding $75. “Such
burial shall not be made in any cemetery
or burial ground used exclusive!}' for the
burial of the pauper dead."

RACIAL r ISCRIMINATION.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 80.9. — There shall be
no “discrimination on account of race or
color in the price to be charged and paid
for lots or graves in any cemetery or place
for burning the dead, but the price to be
paid for lots in any cemetery or place for
burying the dead shall be applicable alike
to all citizens of ever}' race and color.’'
( But, as decided by the Illinois Supreme
Court, this statute does not prevent devo-
tion of a cemetery to exclusive use in the
burial of white persons, except as colored
persons may have already become lot
holders.)

E.XEAIPTION FROM' TAXATION.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. ■2024. — “All lands used
exclusively as graveyards or grounds for
burying the dead" are exempt from taxa-
tion.

DESECRATING GR.VVES AND BURIAL GROUNDS.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 835. — “Whoever wil-
fully, and without authority, digs up, dis-
inters, removes or conveys away from the
place of sepulture or interment thereof,
any human body or the remains thereof,
or knowingly aids in such disinterment,
removal or conveying away, shall be im-
prisoned in the penitentiary, not less than
one nor more than ten years.’’

"Wheoever wilfully and maliciously in-
jures, defaces, removes or destroys any
vault, tomb, monument, gravestone or other
memorial of the dead, or any fence or
inclosure about the same, or about any
cemetery or place of burial of the dead,
^r wilfully cuts, breaks, removes or injures
any tree, shrub or plant within any such
inclosure, or about or upon any grave, or
tomb, or wantonl}' or maliciously disturbs
the contents of any vault, tomb or grave,
shall be fined not exceeding $500, or con-
fined in the county jail not exceeding one
year, or both.’’

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 156. — “That any per-
son who shall wilfully destroy, mutilate, or
injure any tomb, monument, stone, vault,
tree, shrub, or ornament, or any object
whatever, in any cemetery, or in any ave-
nue, lot or part thereof, or shall hunt,
shoot or discharge any gun, pistol or other
missile, within the limits of any cemetery,
or shall cause any shot or missile to be
discharged into or over any portion thereof,
or shall violate any of the rules made and
established by the board of directors of
such cemetery, for the protection or gov-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

ernment thereof, shall be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction
thereof, be punished by a fine of not less
than five dollars nor more than one hun-
dred dollars for each offense. All such
fines when recovered shall be paid over by
the court or officer receiving the same to
the cemetery association and be applied,
as far as possible, in repairing the injury,
if any, caused by such offense.” A ceme-
tery association, or the owner of any lot
or monument may also recover damages
against the offender.

POWER TO MAKE RULES.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 156. — “The lioard of
directors of such society or association is
hereby authorized to make by-laws for the
government thereof, and to make rules re-
garding the driving of carriages, proces-
sions, teams, and the speed thereof, the use
of avenues, lots, walks, ponds, water
courses, vaults, buildings, or other places
within such cemetery, and for the mainte-
nance of good order and quiet in such cem-
etery, all such rules to be subject to the
rights of lot owners, or others owning any
interest in such cemetery ; and all persons
found guilty of a violation of such rules
shall be punished by a fine of not less
than $5, nor more than $100 for each of-
fense." Neither a justice of the peace or
any juror shall be disqualified from acting
in a prosecution under this act because he
may be interested in lots in the cemetery.

SPECIAL POLICEMEN.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 15(i. — “The board of
directors ... or the trustees . . . may
appoint policemen to protect such ceme-
ter}' and preserve order therein, and such
policemen shall have the same power in
respect to any offense committed in such
cemetery, or any violation of this act, that
city marshals or policemen in cities have
in respect to maintaining order in such
cities or arresting for offenses committed
therein.’’

PERPETUAL CARE FUNDS.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 156. — “The board of
directors ... or the trustees . . . may
set apart such portion as they see fit of
the moneys received from the sale of lots,
. . ., which sums shall be kept separate
from all other assets as an especial trust
fund, and they shall keep the same in-
vested in safe interest or income paying
securities, for the purpose of keeping said
cemetery or graveyard, and the lots therein,
permanently in good order and repair, and
the interest or income derived from such
trust fund shall be applied only to that
purpose, and shall not be diverted from
such use.”

P. 157. — “It shall be the duty of the
board of directors ... or trustees . . .
to receive by gift or bequest, real or per-
sonal property, or the income or avails of
property which shall be conveyed in trust
for the improvement, maintenance, repair,
preservation and ornamentation of such lot
or lots, vault or vaults, tomb or tombs, or
other such structures in the cemetery . . .

273

as may be designated by the terms of such
gift or bequest, and in accordance with
such reasonable rules and regulations there-
for, as shall be made by such board of
directors or trustees, and such board . . .
shall keep such trust funds invested in safe
interest or income bearing securities, the
income from which shall be used for the
purpose aforesaid.”

The various trust funds above men-
tioned “shall be vested in said board of
directors or trustees, and the securities
taken therefor shall be approved by the
county judge. . . . Said board . . . shall,
once in every two years, make an itemized
report to said judge of all such trust
funds in their hands, and the securities
taken therefor.” ( It seems that under a
1917 amendment hereinbefore referred to,
this report must be made annually, al-
though there has been no express repeal of
the statute just mentioned.)

P. 157. — The trust funds mentioned are
exempt from taxation and laws against per-
petual trusts.

MUNICIPAL AND COUNTY CONTROL.

Rev. Stat. 1913, p. 153. — Any person
may dedicate a tract of not more than five
acres to the use of any society, association
or neighborhood, by deed running to the
county, and such land shall thereafter be
exempt from taxation.

On finding good cause, the authorities of
any town or city within the' limits of which
a cemetery e.xists may cause removal of all
the bodies to some other suitable place, but
the assent of the trustees or other persons
ha\'ing the control or ownership of the
cemetery, or a majority thereof, must first
be obtained. If the cemetery be owned by
individuals or by a private corporation, and
if the removal be made on the application
of such owner, he or it may be required
to bear the expense.

P. 154. — If a cemetery company be pro-
hibited from using certain land for burial
purposes, the company may sell such land
for other than burial purposes.

A city, village or township may establish
and maintain a cemetery within its limits,
and acquire necessary lands by condem-
nation or otherwise.

'Where a city owns a cemetery,- the
mayor, by and with the advice and consent
of the city council, may appoint three per-
sons to constitute a Cemetery Board of
Managers, to hold office' for two years or
until their successors are appointed. Such
boards may receive, in trust, funds of not
less than $50, to be invested as provided
by ordinance, and apply the income per-
petually for the “care of such cemetery,
lot, the grass, graves, trees and ornaments
as may be provided by ordinance.”

“Any two or more cities, villages or
townships . . . may jointly unite in estab-
lishing and maintaining cemeteries within
and without the corporate limits of either,
and acquire lands therefor in common, by
purchase, condemnation or otherwise, and
may lay out lots of convenient size for

274

PARK AND CEMETERY

families, and may sell lots for family bury-
ing ground or to individuals for burial
purposes."

“Public graveyards . . . not under the
control of any corporation, sole organiza-
tion or society, and located within the lim-
its of cities, villages, town, townships, or
counties not under township organization,
shall and may be controlled or vacated by
the corporate authorities of such city, vil-
lage, township or county, in such manner
as such authorities may deem proper, and
in the case of towns, such control may be
vested in three trustees. Said trustees shall
be elected by the voters of such town at
the next annual town meeting therein, and
their term of office shall be one, tw'o and
three years respectively. . . . Said trus-
tees shall determine by lot which of them
shall hold the various terms. At each
succeeding town meeting after the ne.xt one
trustee is to be chosen for a three year
term."

S.\LE OF UNNECESS.VRY L.\NDS.

Incorporated associations owning ceme-

ASKED AND

Park Fires from Smokins.

Editor Asked and Answered; Within the
past three years we have had live or six
fires started in the wooded sections of our
parks. With two exceptions these were dis-
covered in season so that not much damage
was done. These fires were traced to the
carelessness of smokers of cigarettes and
cigars. We have a consideralde acreage of
natural woodlands and would ask if it is
customary or practicable to prohibit smok-
ing in public parks of this nature. — Chmn.
Pk. Com.

It does not seem practical or desirable to
me to prohibit smoking in public parks.
The same watchfulness which would be
necessary to enforce such an ordinance will
prevent serious wood fires. We make it a
practice to burn our wooded tracts over in
the late fall, when conditions are favorable,
and after we have protected young plant-
ings of evergreens through belts of culti-
vated or barren ground. With a proper
force of men for control, and under favor-
able action of a light breeze, large tracts
of land can be burned over quickly without
doing any particular harm. We do this,
not because we consider it of benefit to the
woodland, but because we know that we
will be unable to detect wood fires which
always occur in the spring in time to pre-
vent .serious damage.

Theo. Wirth, Supt. of Pks.

Minneapolis, Minn.

It is neither customary nor practical to
prohibit smoking in public parks having
natural woodlands. It is usual to keep such
woodlands sufficiently clean from combusti-
ble rubbish to be free from danger of seri-
ous injury to the trees by fires. In some

tery lands in a county of less than 100,000
inhabitants, may sell such lands as are not
suitable or required for burial purposes
and as contain no graves. But the trustees
must first call a meeting of the lot owners
and secure the consent of a majority of
those voting on the question of sale. No-
tice of the meeting must be given in a
newspaper in the county for three succes-
sive weeks previous to the meeting. If no
newspaper is published in the county, pub-
lication must be made in the newspaper
nearest the cemetery. The sale must be
made at public sale, to the highest bidder,
upon such terms as the trustees may de-
termine. Notice of the sale must be given
in the same manner as the notice of the
meeting to authorize the sale. “The pro-
ceeds of the sale of such lands may be
used to pay indebtedness of such associa-
tion, or for purchasing other lands for
burial purposes, or for ornamenting or
improving such cemetery, as the trustees
or other officers having control of the same
may determine."

ANSWERED

respects this practice is ol^jectionable, espe-
cially from an esthetic point of view, as it
great!}' alters the natural appearance of the
woodlands by discouraging wild flowers
and undergrowth, and it tends to eliminate
certain varieties of trees which suffer from
fires more than others ; but it seems to be
the only reasonably safe procedure.

Olmsted Brothers.

Brookline, Mass.

During my four years as landscape archi-
tect to the park commission of Los .Angeles
I saw a good deal of the danger of park
fires. It is probably more serious in that
region than in any other section in the
Lbiited States, because of the long, exces-
si\’e dry period. In our large 3,000-acre
park we had several fires during my time,
none of these, however, were occasioned by
smoking by the public. We did not think it
practical or possible to prohibit smoking,
although we recognized the possible dan-
ger. We attempted to control the fire situ-
ation by a careful and thorough patrol sys-
tem. I have visited most of the larger
parks of this country and do not recall
ever having seen one in which “no smok-
ing” rules were made effective. It has been
my experience that the American public
is e.xtremely lawless in the parks anyway.
It is very difficult to control them in such
matters as throwing papers, peanut shells,
etc., things which are easily seen and com-
paratively easily prevented by good po-
licing. I think it would be almost impossi-
ble to prevent smoking. In the case of
smaller parks which are largely in turf, I
do not think the danger is worth considera-
tion. It is only in the large reservation
type of park during the dry months of the
year that the danger is serious, and I bc-

lie\'e that a reasonably good patrol system
should prevent the few fires which orig-
inate in this way from becoming disastrous.
I see no reason why the system in vogue in
the National Forests, of frequent notices
calling people's attention to the danger of
throwing down matches or burning tobacco,
should not be used. Ordinances might bc-
passed placing a severe penalty upon people
through whose carelessness in this way fires
originate. These two preventive systems,
together with effective patrol, I believe,
should solve the problem. From a matter
of dollars and cents, it would probably he
cheaper to maintain effective fire patrol
than to enforce “no smoking'’ rules.

L. -T. Cox,

Professor of Landscape Engineering,
New York State College of Forestry.

Syracuse, New York.

White Pine or Red Pine

In further reply to the inquiry in }'our
“Asked and .Answered" department in the
October Park and Cemetery : Personally, I
am not afraid of the white pine blister and
I believe that the scare will blow over like
other diseases or insects. The authorities
think it is going to wreck the country but
results have not proved this to be the case.
I feel sure it can be handled and, person-
ally, I would not hesitate to continue plant-
ing the white pine. There is a strict quar-
antine on this species, however, and our
present shipments are confined to Alassa-
chusetts, and this under the most careful
state inspection. The red pine does not
take the place of the white pine and the red
pine should certainly be planted much more
freely than it has been in the past.

Harl.^n P. Kelsey.

Salem, Mass.

Cemetery Buildings

Editor Park and Cemetery: A 'Wis-
consin city has called upon this bureau
for information relative to the construc-
tion of chapels and rest rooms in ceme-
teries. This is a subject upon which we
have not previously had occasion to collect
information, and therefore have very little
information on the subject. It occurs to
me that this is a subject upon which per-
haps you have already collected some valu-
able information. 'We are interested in
knowing, for instance, what cities have
such buildings ; about what the cost is ;
what equipment or facilities they afford ;
and any other information which would be
of value to a city contemplating the con-
struction of such a building in a municipal
cemetery.

Ford H. MacGregor,
Municipal Reference Bureau, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

We have published in Park .}.nd Ceme-
tery many illustrated descriptions of chap-
els, receiving vaults and administration
buildings of all kinds from time to time,
but there is nothing in the way of stock
designs or books of reference that we
could furnish you on this subject. There

4 k exchange cf experience on practical matters by our readers. You
are inviied to contribute questions and answers to this departmuU

PARK AND C EM ET ER Y

VS

are as many different kinds of buildings of
this class as there are residences and their
cost depends entirely upon the type of
building desired. They range all the way
from simple, serviceable structures, cost-
ing in the neighborhood of $5,000, to elabo-
rate works of architecture, sometimes cost-
ing as much as $200,000.

Practically every cemetery of any con-
sequence has at least an office and an ad-
ministration building, and most of them
have receiving vaults and many of them
have imposing chapels. Any one desiring
to build a structure of this kind should be
advised that the first thing for them to do
is to secure the services of an architect
capable of preparing designs for this class
of work for any sum that they might have
available to spend.

Labor Saving Machinery

Editor Park and Cemetery : I have been
a subscriber to “Park and Cemetery’’ for
many years and always look forward to its
coming each month with great interest, as
there are always some good ideas and sug-
gestions carried with it.

In my twenty-six years of cemetery su-
perintending I have always tried to get the
latest and best equipment possible, and I
believe it would be a mighty good idea if
the superintendents in different localities
who have something in the line of im-
proved machinery whereby labor might be
saved, in these times of labor scarcity, that
they let it be known through your columns.

I do not mean by this to advertise some
one’s else goods, but to let us know that
such and such a piece of machinery will be
a labor saver and that they have tried it
out.

I have purchased two such labor-saving
devices this past season. One is a four-
wheel scraper for moving dirt. I first pur-
chased one on trial and it gave such good
satisfaction that I purchased the second
one four months later. These scrapers
carry a full one-half yard and are oper-
ated by one man and are easy on a team
of horses, and will move more dirt than
two of the old slush scrapers. The other
device I spoke of is a road plane. This
frame is 18 ft. long and 4 ft. wide with a
center blade 6 ft. long, and is operated by
a lever from the rear of the machine.

I have used many different makes of
road levelers, also home-made ones, but
this beats everything I ever used.

J. A. Wendorph,
Supt. Roseland Park Cemetery.

Birmingham, Mich.

The Cover Illustration

The handsome entrance to Walnut Grove
Cemetery, Booneville, Mo., illustrated on
the front cover of Park and Cemetery this
month, was built a few years ago by The
Stewart Iron Works Co., Cincinnati, O.
The piers are Missouri stone and gates
wrought iron, 16 feet wide, 5 feet high in
center, and 7 feet 6 inches at the sides,
made of %-inch square pickets. The hinge

bars are 2 inches square and the very ar-
tistic scroll work is %xl4 inch. Although
Booneville's population is not more than
5,h()0, it has one of the most progressive
cemetery associations in the entire state.
Improvements are constantly being made

Antoine Wintzer, one of the leading rose
growers and propagators, says of the new
Box-Barberry : “The Box-Barberry is in
the opinion of the writer one of the best
hardy plants introduced in many years, and
will become a great popular favorite when
its many good points become known. Ex-
treme hardiness, clean graceful habit of
growth combine to make it one of the most
desirable and useful hardy plants in culti-
vation. I can well imagine a block of it
clothed in its regal glowing fall coloring
at this season. It will be desirable in
many ways; as an individual plant it is
more beautiful than the Boxwood, more
graceful and less formal ; in groups also it
will be charming in its natural form; as a
hedge plant it will have no superior, as it
will require less care and attention to keep

The Ogden Cemetery, Warren county,
R. E. D. No. 1 from Monmouth, 111., was
recently incorporated by Wilson Welch,
Chris H. Wallace and Oscar Curtis.

Roselawn Cemetery, Inc., of San An-
tonio, Texas, was recently incorporated
with a capital stock of $50,000. Incorpora-
tors are H. E. Dickinson, L. B. Haines and
Kenneth Wimer.

Mount Harmony Cemetery Association,
Pennsboro, W. Va., was recently incor-
porated by Bert Bradford, J. L. Fordyce,
J. A. Woodell, H. L. Broadwater and E. E.
Wells.

The Tahoka Cemetery Association, Ta-
hoka, Lynn county, Texas, has been incor-
porated by Mrs. W. D. Nevels, Mrs. M. L.
Dunn, Mrs. J. B. Walker and others.

The Pine valley cemetery of Halfway,
Ore., is to be improved by the installation
of an irrigation system.

Mount Rest Cemetery Association of
Brooksville, Mass., was incorporated re-
cently with a capital of $10,000 by Charles
W. Grindle, Brooks W. Grindle, Alden B.
Blodget, C. Roy Tapley, Maude L. Cotton,
Laura H. Jones and O. L. Tapley.

The Wadena Cemetery Association of
Wadena, Minn., has elected W. H. Benson
president and Edith M. Irwin secretary.

Bass Lake cemetery of Winona, Ind.,

as necessity requires, in keeping with mod-
ern ideas in cemetery practice. The attrac-
tive entrance and well-kept grounds are not
only a credit to the members of the ceme-
tery association and its superintendent, but
the entire community.

it in good form than the majority of plants
used for that purpose. I think it will prove
highly satisfactory and an advertisement in
itself wherever planted."

Governor Brumbaugh of Penns.\ Ivania
recently approved plans locating places on
the proposed mall to be laid out in Capitol
Park extension, Harrisburg, for a tree to
be dedicated to each of the cities of Penn-
sylvania. The plans call for the placing
of every tree not only in the present Capi-
tol Park, but in the extension as well. The
inauguration of a “girdle of trees” about
the whole park, one to be dedicated to each
governor, will take place on Arbor Day.
.A.!! of the new trees, as well as the shrub-
bery to be planted in the^park, will be of
Pennsylvania species. The first tree to be
planted will be named for William Penn.

was recently incorporated by Warren S.
Terry, John F. Vergin, Thomas Cleave and
Frank Hay.

The Ladies’ Cemetery Association of
Walcott, la., subscribed $1,000 to Liberty-
bonds.

Improvements to cost in the aggregate
over $250,000 are being carried out by the
American Security and Fidelity Company
in Forest Lawn Memorial Park of Los
Angeles. The company is now completing
a little Gothic chapel in the cemetery and is
starting a very fine combined mausoleum
and columbarium. A crematory and re-
ceiving vaults are now being finished imme-
diately adjacent to and connected with the
chapel.

The Agency Cemetery Association, of
Agency, Mo., was recently organized and
incorporated for the perpetual care and
enlargement of the cemetery in that city.
They have taken over an old cemetery and
also purchased a tract of land adjoining,
140 by 260 feet, which they will develop
along modern lines. The entire cemetery
contains about three and one-half acres, in-
cluding the new portion. The cemetery
association is strictly benevolent, support-
ed by a trust fund which they hope to in-
crease to $3,000, only the interest being
used. Dr. J. C. Smith is president of the
association and A. A. Bartick secretary.

PARKiVEWS.

CEHETERY NOTES

276

P A R K A N D C EM ET E K y

W. Sc T. SmiTH COmRANY

GEINE\//\, IN e \A/ YORK

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
64 YEARS SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ACRES

STONE GRAVE VAULTS

The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names. 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 800 lots $7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,
capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

inmure for rnces

TO BE INlxdbUCED TO THE TRADE IN
1917

Td.^a'H^EMERAL PUBLIC
' 1918

ORIGINATED AiLt>OFFERED ONLY BY
The Elm City Nursery Co.

WOODMONT NORiJERIES. INC.

i/Tnew. haven, conn.

COPYRIGHT JULY 1917

Order Your Supplies

From dealers who advertise in

Park and Cemetery

and always mention the paper
when you write.

“We have had more and better returns from advertising in
PARK AND CEMETERY than from any other magazine
that we advertise in.” — Chas. G. Curtis Co., Growers and Col-
lectors of Hardy Native Plants and Trees, Callicoon, New York.

PARK AND CEMETERY

277

FRIGID Automatic Casket Lowering

and Raising Device

The rnIGID Device is as gentle as a mother laying down her babe — as beautiful as a
a piece of jewelry, as strong and sturdy as a giant — and easier to handle than pall bearers.

When the best men buy, they choose the FRIGID, for it would be impossible to have 15
distinct points of superiority without discerning men finding it out.

You can arrange to try the FRIGID Device for a term at no expense to yourself. Write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO.,

217 So. Western Ave.
CHICAGO, ILL.

PLEASANT VIEW CEMETERY,
KEWANEE, ILLS.,

MARCH 21sl, 1917.

Thomas B. Meehan Co., Dresher, Penna.

Gentlemen: —

I just want to tell you how perfectly satisfied we arc with the trees which
we have received from you. Out of the 300 set out, I only lost two and
those died from the effects of the norms. We would not think of buying
elsewhere, and shall not as long as we receive such treatment from you.

Very truly yours, G. D. SWAIN, Supt.

THOMAS B.

WHOLESALE NURSERYMEN

This is only one of the many letters we constantly
receive from our satisfied customers. Our aim is to
give the very best service, first class stock, carefully
packed. If you do not receive our catalogue regularly
in the early fall and spring, drop us a line and your
name will be placed permanently on our mailing list.

MEEHAN CO.

DRESHER, PA.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1 ,000 cemeteries
are using our method for keeping their records
of Burials, Locationof Graves, etc. Descriptive
circular sent on request.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark St.. CHICAGO, ILL.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers o^
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

IVrxu for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers ui America
Box 405 DUNDEE. ILL.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Coila Color at $2.90 Each

Size 1 8 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
South Zanesville, Ohio

PARK AND CEMETERY

278

IVe OffcT ^ complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Tfrtes^ Shrubs^ Evergreens, Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Complete Cemetery Record in One Book

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record,
Lot Diagram Forms and an Index in one book, are
widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either
1000 or 2000 interments or less and whose lots are 30 feet
square or less. They contain single letter index, the
Interment Record form and the Four-lots-to-a-Page lot
diagram form; made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages,
gives space for records of 1000 interments and diagrams
for 240 lots. Size B — 241 pages, giving a capacity of
2000 burial records and diagrams of 400 lots.

Size A, $6.50; Size B, $8.00.

Add $1.00 to the price of either book and get “Park
and Cemetery” for one year — regular price, $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 South Clark Street - - CHICAGO

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page; ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch, to diagram
the location of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 800 lots....$ 7.00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1200 lots. .. 9.00

400 pages, 4 lots to a page, capacity 1600 lots.... 12.50

Interment Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2300 names $ 7 00

200 pages, capacity 4600 names 12.00

Ask for catalog of complete line of
Interment Record Books, Lot Dia-
gram Books and Index Books, to fit
the needs of any cemetery.

Park and Cemetery

536 South Clark Street, CHICAGO

AMERICAN-GROWN

TREES

Shrubs and

Plants

C^UR ability to supply
trees, shrubs and
plants of the highest
quality is not curtailed
by the stoppage of for-
eign shipments; Buy
nursery stock grown at
Andorra.

Andorra

Nurseries

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

Box 150 Our catalog.

Chestnut Hill “^Suggestions for

T-v, Effective Planting,

Phlla., Penna. on request.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

1. Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MARKERS

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10. and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
3J^-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 7Vi2 to 12c, 5-in. 10^^ to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, III.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

Park and Cemetery Superintend-
ents and Orchardists

For Protection for Shade and Fruit Trees Use

Elastic Pruning Paint

Saves girdled trees, heals cuts and wounds, prevents
decay, stops bleeding in pruning, cures fungous growth.
A Positive and Effectual Remedy for tlie treat-
ment of Fruit and Shade Trees when damaged.
Use any time of year.

E. G. MENDENHALL ESTATE

Box 300 Kinmundy, III.

Western Distributing Agent Clark’s Cutaway Toots.
Best Trimming Tools for Orchard and cark
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES

Catalog of Complete Line of
Cemetery Records; ask for one j
Park and Cemetery.

NORfFAY MAPLES
ORIENTAL PLANES

AT REDUCED PRICES

Shrewsbury Nurseries,

EATONTOWN, N. J.

P A K K A N D C E M E T E R Y

279

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the Isl of the month.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to
undertaking profession ; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. Woishaw Training School,
620 S. Lincoln St.. Chicago, 111.

CAPABLE YOUNG MAN THOROUGHLY
experienced in cemetery work desires po-
sition as cemetery superintendent. Address
"Capable,” care PARK AND CEMETERY.

WANTED — AN UP-TO-DATE UNDER-
taker and embalmer to take an active in-
terest in an undertaking business in con-
nection with modern up-keep cemetery
located in good Texas city. Answer "Texas,"
care PARK AND CEMETERY.

CAPABLE CEMETERY SALES MANAGER
wants to correspond with cemeteries need-
ing the services of a man that can show
results. Perpetual care cemeteries preferred.
Give full information in first letter. Ad-
dress "B,” PARK AND CEMETERY.

FOR SALE— ABOUT 2.50 BRONZE PER-
petual care markers ; Quadriga style, N'o.
4 head, No. I stem. Mount Hope Ceme-
tery, 115th St. and Fairfield Ave.. Chicago.

KAP.E OPPORTUNITY — AN EXTRAOR-
dinary opportunity is open to salesman of
ability, energy and integrity who can aij-
proach business and professional men per-
sonally in selling lots in the finest new cem-
etery and in the most favorable location in
America. The right man can make $5,000
to $10,000 per annum. Address “Oppor-
tunity,” care PARK AND CEMETERY.

NEFF'S SWEET-WILLIAMS, THE FINEST
strain in existence ; two-year-old plants,
$4.00 hundred. Digitalis purpurea. $8.00 hun-
dred; one-year-old plants, $4.00 hundred.
Hollyhocks, double or separate colors. $4.00
hundred ; Newport pink. $8.00 hundred. L.

I. Neff. 431 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

HOW DO YOU FIGURE? — DO YOU Di-
vide the years of service into the cost of
paint, plus the cost of labor? If so, you
have the correct method of figuring the
yearly cost of paint protection. If you have
metal surfaces or any exposed surfaces,
whether of metal or wood, to repaint it will
be worth your w'hile to purchase Dixon's
Silica-Graphite Paint because the longer
service and better quality of Dixon’s Paint
are worth a great deal more than a few
cents per gallon. The careful and cautious
user of paint will appreciate this fact. For
over fifty j'ears the slogan and standard of
the Dixon Company in the matter of paint
las been "the best and one grade only."
If any one is looking for a low-priced paint
and does not care about quality and loi'g
service, the Dixon Companj' has nothing for
him : but if he desires quality and long
service, Dixon's Silica-Graphite Paint is the
best for him. We are ready at all times to
give detailed information, price and assist-
ance in any way. Please write the Joseph
Dixon Crucible Company, Jersey City, N.

J. . and watch Dixon's house organ graphite
for long service records.

S I O J. HARE
FELLOW A.S.L.A.

S. HERBERT HARE
MEMBER A S.L.A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4336

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn,

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY. OHIO

BENJ. E. GAGE

Landscape Advisor

Room 721, 30 N. LaSalle St., Chicago

At present engaged in developing a Park System
at Wilmette, Illinois

Cemetery Building

is our business ; we are equipped
to take the raw ground, plan, re-
port and develop it completely ; or-
ganize and conduct successful lot
selling campaigns on modern lines.
We can turn cemetery prospects
into efficient business institutions.

Our trained organization has a
record of successful work in some
of the finest cemeteries in the
country.

If you are organizing a new cem-
etery; if your town needs a new
cemetery; if your cemetery needs
modernizing or improving in any
respect, let us show yon what we
can do for you.

.\DDRESS

‘ ‘ Developiiienl-Sales Compmi}'”

Care “Park and Cemetery”

536 So. Clark St. Chicago, Illinois

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McKinley Memorial, Canton, Ohio
Architect, H. VanBuren Magonigle
No. 110 “R. I.W.” used for backing limestone
to damp-proof and stain-proof.

ITS BEAUTY IS
STAIN-PROOF

This beautiful memorial is
preserved for future gener-
ations in, spotless beauty by

W

Nr HQ ^

Twr

DAMP-RESISTING RAINT

This product is a black, al-
kali and water-proof paint,
used for backing limestone,
granite or other cut stone.

It protects stone from chemi-
cal action and discoloration
due to alkali in cement.

Detailed literature will be
sent on request. Address
Dept. 99.

TOCH BROTHERS

Technical and Scientific
Paint-Makers Since 1848

320 Fifth Avenue, New York City

WORKS:

New York; London, Eng,;
Toronto, Can.

f-'

\REM EMBER ITS WATERPROOfWx

M r^;£l

STEEL NEED NOT RUST! RCS.u.a.PAT.orr,-
WOOD NEED NOT ROT!

NOR CONCRETE DUST! \

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,’* Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

The Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company - Cleveh

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I ROAD ROLLERS— j

The Austin Tandem Motor Roller is equipped with a perfectly
balanced engine, eliminating vibration and providing- steady roll-
ing. Entire weight below the level of main roller. No side sway.
Operator has clear view of work on all sides. Automatic lubrica-
tion, two independent systems of ignition. Road wheels made of
steel plates, carefully machine finished on surface and edges. Ma-
chine can be operated closer to lamp posts, curbs, etc., than a steam
roller.

AUSTIN MOTOR ROAD ROLLERS

have been on the market for over eleven years and have given satisfaction for municipal
work in every part of the country. These machines are substantially made along lines of
construction which have been developed during many years of practical road-making.

They do more work more efficiently, more economically and less objectionablv than any
steam roller.

Send for special catalogs describing 236 Types and Sizes of road-making machinery.

THE AUSTIN-WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY COMPANY, Chicago

BRANCH OFFICES

New York, Dallas, Portland, Ore., San Francisco, St. Paul, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Columbus, Ohio, Salt Lake City, Wahoo, Neb., Memphis

The Austin Tandem Roller

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Park Develoi)ment in Small Cities — Monumental "t ype of Cemetery Entranee
— Best Cemetery Monuments of the Year — ]"rom the Cemetery Rule Books.

2&2

P A R K A N I) C ll M R T E R y

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: Eirst, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment ; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embodv simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9^ X 12 inches; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days ; sex ; social state ; date of death — year, month, day ; cause of death ; date
of interment — year, month, day; place of interment — section, lot; lot book page; location ; grave fee;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in lOQ, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirtv feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40x80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages ; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given name; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices wdll be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Parle and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening.” at the
same time jiov. order boohs, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regidar price, tivo dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing full-sized, duplicates of the pages for all jf
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the books.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

PARK AND CEMETERY

283

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Character and Expressiveness

FEKISTVI.E IN NATIONAI. McKiXJ.EY BIliTHPI^ACE MEMORIAL.

The statue was niocicled by .T. Massey Rhind, and carved by Piccirilli Bros.
The statue is of “Silver Grey” Georgia Marble, and the building is of “Cherokee.”
Architects, McKim, Mead & White.

There are 28 monolithic columns in the building, each of them 25 feet high,
3-4 in diameter, and weighing 30 ton.s.

The marble for this building was (luarried and cut by The Georgia Marble
Company, Tate, Georgia.

Tlie character and ex-
pressiveness of (Georgia
Marble commend it to
anyone looking for a
monumental material of
peculiar fitness to its
purpose.

Georgia Mar1)le pre-
sents a good texture and
surface for sculpture as
well as for monumental
and architectural work.

Crystalline, sound and
durable, its work-ability
distinguishes it as a ma-
terial for use where
one’s object is the at-
tainment of the unusual.

It is a material that
you can recommend, be-
cause of its lasting life,
the clearness and sharp-
ness of its lettering, and
the fact that it will not
develop unsightly
cracks or streaks.

If you would like full particulars about
Georgia Marble and its qualities, we
will gladly answer your inquiry.

The Georgia Marble Company

Tate, Georgia

1

r A K K A .V D CEMETERY

1IMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIII|||||||||||iIII||||||||||||||||||||||||!|!|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||I!IIIIIIIIII^

Branches:
Hartford, Conn,

Kensico Cemetery
Valhalla, N. Y.

The liegeman Mausoleum in W'oodlawn Cemetery, New York. Ferdinand Prochazka, Architect.
Built by us fnr John K. Hegeman, president Metropolitan Bife Insurance Cn.

Ornament Your Cemetery

Yuu can do this by referring your lot owners to ns from any part of the
United States. We operate the largest and best equipped retail monumental
plant in the world at Barre, \Urmont, the home of Barre Granite.

The Presbrey-Coykendall Company

198 Broadway, New York

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The Austin Motor Kerosene Road

Roller

Seven-ton Austin Macadam Roller owned by Calvary Cemetery, Nexo York City

Austin Motor Rollers are built in Macadam and Tandem types and in sizes ranging from 5 to 15
tons. Brominent Cemeteries throughout the country use them and appreciate their cleanliness in
work, economy in operation, ability to start on a moment’s notice and the absence of objectionable
features associated with steam rollers such as coal and ash, smoke and soot damage to trees and
monuments.

Amongst numerous users are —

Uniondule Cemetery. Pittsburgh
Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit
Crown I-llll Cemetery, Indianapolis
Calvary Cemetery, New York

THE AUSTIN-WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY CO., Chicago

BRANCH OFFICES:

New York Portland. Ore. St. Paul Atlanta Salt Lake City

Dallas ■ San Francisco Los Angeles Columbus, Ohio Wahoo, Nebr.

We maiuifaeture a coinplete line of eartii handling, rock crushing and road making machinery.

Oakwoods Cemetery, Chicago
St. Ad.albert’s Cemetery, Chicago
Chas. Evans Cemetery, Reading
Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 530 SOUTH CLARK STREET. CHICAGO
H. C, WHITAKP;R, Presiclent O. 11. SAMPLE. Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United Slates and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, S2.00: two years, $3.50; three years, $5.00: five years, $8. 00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies. 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

V’ol. XX\'II. No. 11.

CEMIiTiiRY TAX
liXEMPTIOXS.

When question is raised in a court as
to whether certain property owned 1iy a
cemetery company or association is ex-
empt from taxation, tlie solution usually
turns upon an interpretation of some
statute or charter provision. If the lan-
guage of the statute or charter he clear
on the point of legislative intention, that
virtually ends the controversy, whether
the manifest intention he for or against
exemption.

But it is not always by any means an
easy matter to apply the legislative in-
tent to some particular situation not
speciticalh- contemplated by the state's
solons. When the intention of the legis-
lature in enacting any law is left some-
what in doubt, it is the province of the
courts to place a judicial interpretation
upon the act, and such interpretation
stands as a part of the law until the
legislature may choose to make some con-
flicting amendment. And when a court
is called upon to apply a statute some-
what doubtful in meaning, it is a well
settled rule of statutory construction
that the interpretation should he made
in the light of established public policy.
Usually public policy will be found to
point one way. But it is interesting to
note that when a question of cemetery
tax exemption arises public polic\' itself
points in opposite directions. Public
policy disfavors exemptions from taxa-
tion because that tends to inequality in
the bearing of the burden of paying the
running expense of government. And
public police’ calls for a jealous safe-
guarding of the sacred ground in wliich
our dead are buried. As between these
conflicting policies, the judicial leaning
is strongly against any step which seeks
to enforce a tax lien against a grave,
but in favor of the taxation of property
not actually and intimately linked with
burials.

In addition to the numerous court
decisions on this subject heretofore
mentioned in Park and Cemetery,
the decision in German Evangelical
Protestant Cemetery vs. Brooks, 8 Ohio
Cir. Ct. Rep. 439, is worthy of note. The
Ohio statute involved in that case ex-
empted from taxation lands of certain
cemetery associations held “for the sole
and exclusive use of a cemetery,’’ and
another statute declared that all lands

EDITORIAL

used "exclusively'' as graveyards. The
association in (piestion bought land in
one year for future use for cemetery
])urposes. The platting was not com-
pleted until the middle of the third \ear,
and the !irst interment in the land was
made at the end of that year. During
the second year the i)roperty was rented
for pasturage and until the grounds were
platted a house on the premises was
rented to the cemetery employees. Un-
der these circumstances, it was decided
1)}’ the court that the land was taxable
in the third, as well as the second year

IVAR WORK OE
FOREST SERVICE

How the work of the Forest Service
was realigned to meet war conditions is
described in the Annual Report of the
Forester, which in the absence of the
head of the service is made by Acting-
Forester A. F. Potter. The report also
states that practically every form of use
of the forests was greater than ever
before, that the receipts again touched
a new high level with a total of $3,457,-
028.41, and that the increase in receipts
over the previous year was $633,487.70.
“When the grazing charge has been ad-
vanced to cover the full value of the
grazing privilege,” says the report, “the
income from the national forests will be
close to the cost of operation. The
present annual cost is about $4,000,000.''
An increase equal to that of the last
fiscal year “would close the gap.”

The Forester, Henry S. Graves, is now
serving with the American Expedition-
ary forces in France, with a commis-
sion as Lieutenant-Colonel, in connec-
tion with the forest work for the sup-
ply of the needs of our overseas troops
and those of the Allies. A number of
other members of the Forest Service re-
ceived commissions in the Tenth Engi-
neers (Forest), while many more en-
tered the ranks.

Wood and other forest products have
almost innumerable uses in modern war-
fare, it is pointed out. Never before
has the demand for exact knowledge
been so urgent. “In the work relating
forest utilization and forest products
the resources of the service have been
employed to the limit of their capacity
since the war began in rendering as-
sistance to the War and Navy depart-
ments, the Emergency Fleet Corporation,

JANUARY, 1918.

various committees of the Council of
National Defense, and manufacturers of
war orders. The peace-time program
has been largely discontinued. The force
and the work have been centered in
Washington and Madison. Every effort
has been made to firing available knowl-
edge to the attention of the organiza-
tions which have need for it and to
assist in anticipating their problem.”

Aluch of the work has concerned air-
craft material. It has included also
problems connected with the construc-
tion of wooden ships and of vehicles.
Assistance has been given to hardwood
distillation plants in order to increase
the production of acetone and other
products needed for munition making.

commercial demonstration has shown
that costs of producing ethyl alcohol
from wood waste can be materially re
duced. iMethods have been developed
by wliich walnut and birch can be kiln-
dried in a much reduced time with com-
paratively little loss. In general, the re-
port says, -much assistance has been
given on a great variety of war prob-
lems relating to forest resources and the
manufacture, purchase and most efficient
use of wood and other forest products.”

In spite of the many new demands
upon the service and the entrance upon
military duties of a considerable num-
ber of its men, the administrative and
protective work on the National For-
ests was continued without disorganiza-
tion. In the latter part of the summer
a fire season of extreme danger, made
worse in some localities by an unusual
prevalence of incendiarism, was passed
through w'ith relatively small loss of
property and with no reported loss of
life.”

EDITORIAL NOTES.

As an interesting example of the
problems wdiich a forester has to w'ork
out, it is said that forest officials in
India have undertaken to girdle unde-
sirable trees in order to kill them off
and gi\ e more room to the Deodar and
other valuable species. Himalayan bears,
however, have discovered that the sap
from these girdled trees is sw'eet and
toothsome and have undertaken some
girdling on their own hook. They have
caused a good deal of trouble because
they do not confine their operations to
undesirable trees.

jS6

PARK

A N D C E M ETERY

Developing Park Systems in Small Cities

Address at Convention of American Civic Association, St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 23,

19^7, ^’.V Frederick Noble Evans, M. L. A., University of Illinois, Urbana, III.

To deal in a lialf hour with the three-
fold subject of acquiring, developing and
maintaining park systems in small cities
is a considerable task. Each part might
be expanded into its full hour's discussion.
To make any impression upon its bulk we
must get at once to our task — a task a good
deal like the evangelist's in this, that to
reach the man who needs the gospel the
message, like the old, old story, must be
told in words familiar to many.

Though cities of ever\- size need parks,
the necessity of giving early consideration
to the sul)ject is even more pressing upon
the small than upon the large city, because
it is when the town is still small that park
areas can most readily he chosen and ac-
quired. Towns and cities are like plaster
figures. At first, in the plaster, by a simple
smoothing over here and a poke there
changes and conditions can be brought
about in the soft material with little re-
sistance. But there comes a time when
pokes with the finger or even a modeling
stick avail nothing. The plaster has set ;
and changes in form can only he made by-
chipping with an iron tool and hammer.
Park acquirement is a difficult and expen-
sive matter for a city after its *frame work
has become set.

We have heard much about the need for
parks for purposes of recreation, as offer-
ing a kind of antitoxin against the crowded
life of our communities. That the laborer,
his wife, and their children, and that un-
married brother need a place where they
can find the health-giving sight of grass
and trees — a spot such as the city does not
afford unless provision is made therefor —
is something which we all as citizens, as
users of city parks, already know. Rut do
we know that an equally good argument
for parks in our cities is that they often
serve for protection to the community?

A city in northeastern Ohio, offering fa-
\orable sites for the iron and steel indus-
try, was in danger of being entirely sur-
rounded by smoke and fume-belching steel
plants. A deep gorge ran along its west-
ern, which was also its windward, side. This
gorge contained a stream with plenty of
water, a tributary to the river which flowed
through the town. This ravine, an ex-
tremely lieautiful and picturesque one, was
about to be converted into sites for more
steel works but for the foresightedness of
a single lawyer of that town. Through his
efforts the tract was saved for the city, as-
suring to it not only a beauty spot of na-
tional reputation, but — and this is the main
point — protection to the town on its wind-
ward side with freedom from dirt and
fumes, a thing very precious in that sort

of a community. Every town can take a
lesson from this. An important thing to
note is that such a step can be taken with
proper economy only at a time before the
town has grown to be a city of consider-
able size.

To continue for a moment further on
this idea of parks for protection, we have
only to call to mind that the only sure
way for a town to protect itself against
an unsightly waterfront of a filth-bearin.g
stream is to take over that waterfront or
stream as a public reservation and to carry
out some such heroic and restorative treat-
ment as has been done in the waterways
of the Bronx, New York. The large cit.\-
has problems to face in this last instance
which might have been eliminated had
the city taken heed to the matter when
the town was in the small city class. Are
not such facts a direct appeal to the small
town to take thought for the morrow while
there is 5et time?

-A point of great encouragement in park
work is the old principle that land of little
value for other purposes will often make
the best park site; the despised water-
front, the abandoned quarry, the high tract
with its stony outcrops to which houses
creep usually with reluctance, can often be
converted with comparatively little expense
into a bit of natural reservation which
.grows more and more precious to the com-
munity and more appreciated by it as time
goes on.

The term “park systems’’ implies a con-
nection of parts united in one whole. It
does not necessarily mean a chain of many
parks connected by elaborate boulevards —
though it may be so applied. Let us con-
sider the term “park system” in a sense ap-
plicable to the city. Can we not properly
use it to imply a unity of purpose — a bring-
ing together of single park units with the
aim of thereby serving a single function?
The small city should be able to gather in-
spiration from this use of the term and
to learn a lesson from it as well. The
city which has two parks, however small,
may be said to have a park system, pro-
vided that the parks together fulfill a pur-
pose, while the city of more parks per
square yard of city map may find that it
has not a park system at all, because its
parks serve no single purpose, and are so
situated and so exploited as perhaps to
benefit one locality at the expense of an-
other.

The parks of the small as well as the
large city should then, if rightly handled, be
regarded as a park system for several rea-
sons. Considering them as a system pro-
motes ease of administration — the rules and

principles of development applxing to one
park apply to all. A more parallel devel-
opment is assured. We do not think kindly
of the mother of the household who dresses
one child at the e.xpense of the others, and
similarly the small city, though great is
sometimes the temptation, should not lavish
all its funds and attention on one park
while another it waiting idle and bare. It
is better to develop all evenly as far as
finances will allow.

Regarding the parks of the community
as belonging to a real system, or whole, pro-
motes appreciation of them by the citizen
body. The taxpayer feels that there is
being built up in the community something
tangible, beneficial and worthy of his pride.
The work may progress slowly, but with
the park system in mind and the system
idea applied in park business results can in
the end be accomplished.

The park system does not and need not
consist of units of similar size, because the
stuff that parks are made of is various.
Here a street remnant, an area formed by
the intersection of several thoroughfares,,
may offer an opportunity for a refreshing
glimpse of grass amid city streets. There
a larger area may afford, even near the cen-
ter of town, an opportunity for trees, seats
and shaded walks.

In the main our city parks can be divided
into three kinds or groups. First, the di-
vision of street remnants offers an oppor-
tunity for grass plots or perhaps a monu-
ment setting. Such parks are apt to be
irregular in form. Second, the city block
type of park, usually rectangular and oc-
cupying a part or all of a city block.
Thirdly, the natural or country park, usu-
alh' at the edge of town. These groups are
mentioned, not from pleasure derived in
pigeonholing things, but because the divi-
sions themselves suggest the method of
their acquirement by the city.

The motive prompting the acquirement of
each of these types of parks is, respectively,
the aim at restoration, of anticipation and
reservation.

The street remnant park is as a rule the
result of an attempt at restoration. The
small traffic open space or “passing through
square,’’ as it has been aptly called, has
had restored to it, by a very slight exercise
of civic authority, the green that it had
lost. Such parks are very important beauty
spots for the city.

The city block park is usually acquired
by methods of anticipation. In the ideal
case, as the streets of the small town are
plotted there are marked off at certain in-
tervals blocks to be reserved as parks.
“Residence parks” is another term to apply

287

to them. The planners of the town knew
that as the town grew the pleasure and
even the possibility of living in certain
residence districts would be greatly en-
hanced bj' the presence of easily accessible
ornamental parks. Parks of this character
are a great civic asset, but are almost im-
possible to acquire after the residence dis-
trict has been built up. It is a wise town,
therefore, which, adds such needed areas to
its living portion in time.

The acquirement of the natural or coun-
try park is prompted by the aims of pres-
ervation— the desire to keep for posterity
some worthy and precious landscape pos-
session which nature has given, and which,
once scorned, cannot be reclaimed. The
city acquires this type of park by gift or
purchase. It is said that half the park land
in the country has been acquired through
gift. But it would be a pity if this fact
should prompt communities to depend upon
the generosity of the town's “good fairy”
to provide park areas for it. The happiest
results — the best and most satisfactory
parks — are apt to be made from those areas
of which the town has had the deliberate
choosing, not from those which have been
wished upon it. In purchasing on its own
initiative the town exercises a choice in the
matter of site. In accepting land as a
gift, no chance for deliberate choosing is
left to it.

It is hardly necessary to suggest that
the town should consider that it is no more
than good business to look into the motive
of the donor of park land. This sounds
harsh and ungrateful. But there have been
known to exist individuals and real estate
companies whose sole reason for giving
land to the community for park purposes
was that he or they' saw in this a chance to
have developed for them free of charge a
tract whose presence as an attractive park
was absolutely necessary to make their lots
salable. It may be that the advantage to
the city in accepting such land will be
equally great as to the original owner in
a deal of this kind, in which case the park
board would be justified in recommending
the acceptance of the land.

The suggestion has already been made
that in acquiring park sites for any of the
types mentioned the areas should be so dis-
tributed that the whole system serves in as
uniform a manner as possible the whole
community. Many of our large cities have
some large parks of the country park type
consisting of many acres. Though lying to
one side of town, this tract should be made
equally accessible, or nearly so, to the peo-
ple of the opposite side by direct traffic
routes and street car lines. It is every-
body’s park, and it must be made to serve
everybody.

Of the cities of smaller size, Madison,
Wisconsin, possesses one of the most unique
and beautiful park systems that is any-
where to be found. Of course, the site of
that city is unique. Situated on a strip of
land between two lakes of unusual beauty.

PAR K A N D C E M ETERV

the opportunity which was there offered
and wisely seized upon by the Aladison
Park and Pleasure Drive Association was
that of forming a system which for the
most part was to consist of beautiful drives
from one observation point to another.
This is an idea which many small cities
might well emulate, that of making park
reser\ations toward the city’s edge in the
form of iDits of country roadway about the
edge of town. To connect parks lying with-
in tl;e town by parked w’ays or streets upon
which more of an attempt at ornamental
planting is made than upon other streets,
through which one may drive from park
to park without losing the sense of park
connection, would be a visilde and a wel-
come way of demonstrating that the town
possesses a park system. It has been done
in many small cities, and it could well l)e
done in others.

Park development is an important mat-
ter, for upon it hangs the success or fail-
ure of the park in a large measure. By it
the park is made a restful ornamental area,
serving frankly and directly the needs of
visitors and of traffic, or it is made a
garish hodgepodge, something between a
street carnival and a cement museum,
whose paths carry us whither we w'ould
not go and whose natural beauties are lost
and destroyed at the hands of disputing
successive park boards, like woods in the
line of shell fire between warring armies.

The exact development of the various
parkable areas in a community is a matter
to lie suggested by the immediate surround-
ings of the park, its topographical charac-
ter and the use to which the area is to be
put. There is not time here to dwell long
upon the subject of park design. Whether
the paths shall be straight or curved is a
matter which, contrary to most people’s
point of view, the developer is not free to
choose for himself. He should be receptive
enough to feel that it is suggested to him
by the character of the spot -and the de-
mands of traffic. Paths and roads in the
park should be considered as means of
getting from point to point, not as ends in
themselves, as they are so often supposed
to be, and often made to appear.

In the treatment of all park areas wc
shall find that one of two important sug-
gestions as to the design is the stronger.
Either an architectural treatment of straight
or geometric paths is brought before the
mind l)y straight surrounding streets or a
predominance of surrounding architecture,
or, on the other hand, a naturalistic treat-
ment with curving walks and irregular
shrubbery groups is suggested by the ab-
sence or the screening from view of the
artificial elements. How often in the de-
velopment has the attempt been made to
seize upon the naturalistic and drag it into
surroundings entirely inappropriate. No
less a violation is seen in placing geometric
forms and obviously artificial structures in
naturalistic surroundings where a pian-
issimo note in architecture is called for.

The small town in developing its parks
should bring out what individually it finds
in each area. Do we not find the most
interesting those of our friends who en-
deavor to appear only as they are? The
charm of a park area ma_v lie in the dip
of the ground into some hollow, or in the
sight of the rough shoulder of a hill lying
within the area. Let us not feel in making
the park areas accessible to the people that
we must fill up each hollow and shave off
each rugged bank. We want individuality.

Perhaps the greatest single danger in
park development in a small city is that of
putting in charge of the task one who is
not trained in such an art. This mistake is
so unix'ersal that the small city is generallv'
distinguished by poorly laid out parks,
whereas with proper guidance the small
city should be able to show better parks
than the large city, because the difficulties
in the development are not so great.

This is another statement — in a way a
blow to the small city. I wish that it might
be a jolt sufficient to dislodge the fixed idea
in the minds of local park makers the idea
that, though it cannot get along without
the best of trained advice in the construc-
tion of its schoolhouses and city buildings,
when it comes to the parks, for whose land
often much money has been paid out, any
advice will do. It is, I suppose, because
earth and vegetation are so conspicuous a
sight in all created park pictures, that it is
taken for granted that any man who can
boss others in handling dirt and planting
trees must be qualified to develop parks.
As well put a pallette and brushes in the
hands of a master house painter and tell
him to fall to and paint a portrait of the
mayor ! The house painter may indeed in
this instance turn out to be a Van Dyke —
the local contractor in charge of parks
may develop into a genius in park arrange-
ment, but the chances are much against
any such thing happening.

Esthetic training, some knowledge of en-
gineering and of plant materials are nec-
essary on the part of those who have park-
work in charge. Work should not be done
blindly ; experimenting should be abhorred.
The individual in charge can, if he will,
by reading and study, train himself in a
knowledge of the principles mentioned.
Some knowledge and some training are
necessary on somebody’s part if the parks
in our small cities are to be what they
should be.

In giving any specific advice as to park
development the chief difficulty is to know
where to stop. I fear that I shall find my-
self in the position of the small boy who,
having taken hold of the dog’s tail, was
heard to shout, “Hey, one of you fellows
come out here and help me let go.” But
one or two points about park development
should be mentioned further. Playgrounds
and parks are distinct things. The play-
ground may be incorporated into the park
scheme, but should never be allowed to
ruin the park’s appearance by its presence.

288

P A R K A N D C E M E T E R I

If the playground is needed, have it
screened l)y planting. The same applies
to tennis courts. If these are put into a
park, they should lie placed where they will
not lie conspicuous. Chicken coops are,
very necessar_\’ things in their place, hut
we do not want them in our front yards.

Water is always welcome in a jiark.
I'ortunate indeed is a park with stream or
lake. Where water is artihciall_\' intro-
duced in the form of wading pools or foun-
tains, the form of these must be carefully
considered. Glaring white concrete basins,
palpalily artificial creations, should be
placed in connection with architectural
structures, not dropped out of the blue into
the center of a sylvan scene.

Concrete paths that wind about among
trees where well-made gravel paths — I re-
peat ivcll-madc gravel paths — would be bet-
ter, are features which may greatly harm
any park's appearance, as do also concrete
bridges clumsily designed or not designed
at all, ornamental light standards placed in
woods and statuary set out at random.

It is one thing to establish a store and
another thing to run it. The same applies
to parks. Parks will not run themselves,
or we might say there is only one way that
they will run themselves, and that is to
run down. And so the subject of park
maintenance looms up like an iceberg out
of the fog, a possibility to be carefully
reckoned with.

For the proper maintenance of the park
systems the park board or park commis-
sion is generally held to be responsible. In
the small city the responsibility often rests
upon a small grotip of men or sometimes
upon one man. It is doubly necessary that
the members be carefully selected and that
they realize their opportunity in such
service.

The choice of material, structural mate-
rial and plants should be such that they wdll
last the longest time for the money ex-
pended. Hardy shrubs are w'orth more for
general park use than liedding plants wdiich
li\’e only one season, though the cost is
about the same. When it comes to choos-
ing between a single and an eight-day clock
for the same price, there is not much doubt
in which direction our choice lies. For our
parks we should use plant material which
doesn’t need winding up every season. We
have learned this lesson pretty w'ell in re-
gard to bridges and park structures, but not
so well when it comes to plants. Much
depends upon the future appearance of the
park — its appearance fix'e years from now.

friend of mine, a ^-ery sensitive W'oman
from a large city of the iMiddle West, had
looked forward wdth keenest anticipation
to a return trip to that city. But when
she saw' the park she fainted. I knew the
park and 1 could sympathize. The plant-
ing material had been poorly chosen ; it was
short-lived and had not been replaced wdien
it passed away. The former wonderful
beauty of the park had passed with it.
When it comes to planting and replacing

of th.e plants in a town's park system, a
park nursery wiil lie found of great advan-
tage. By this is meant a tract of ground
cjuite properly in one of the large parks
where trees and shrubs are raised, and even
bec'ding plants under glass from cuttings
and seeds which store can be drawn upon
from time to time as needed to supply the
various parks in the cit}’ at a far less cost
than by getting new plants from the nurs-
ery. There is also a convenience in being
able to get the plants c|uickly.

Most small cities find it advisable to con-
duct road-making and general upkeep on
the (la_\ lalior basis, the park superintendent
hiring men and teams as needed rather
than depending upon the contractor's work,
b'or large work, such as buildings and
liridges, however, the contract method is
the best. In general it is best to arrange
the work of upkeep in such a way as will
make one man responsible for work done
within a certain given area. This applies,
of course, to the upkeep at the hands of
regular caretakers. We m.ight express this
idea as “territorial responsibility.” It has
lieen found to w'ork far better than to make
several men responsible over a larger pro-
portionate area. By holding one man ac-
countalde for the upkeep and appearance
of the particular land under his care there
is found to enter in a healthy spirit of
rivalry in the upkeep of each separate sec-
tion. It is the same principle as that which
works out in the cleaning of our streets.
With a man to each several blocks the
street is kept far cleaner than if the per-
son mentioned were allowed to parade the
length of the street, depending upon some
other member in a white suit to sweep up
what dust and dirt he had neglected.

In keeping up our small cities’ parks
there is the important work of guarding
against tree pests in time to prevent the
hatching out of caterpillars. There is also
the matter of tree mending. Trees should
lie mended whenever they become broken,
.■ks a rule the park workman is apt to do
too much rather than not enough pruning
to shrubbery. The beauty of shrubbery
lies in its natural growth. We want no
orange-shaped specimens where we should
have a graceful plant. The saw and even
the axe may be loaned out to the laborer
freely, but more harm than good has been
done to our parks by the man who loves
to clip, clip with his shears. But, you say,
the shrubs grow too high. Very well, but
that is due to the fact that varieties of
I'nown height at maturity were not planted
in the first place. Do not blame the shrub-
bery !

It was just stated that the saw and the
axe might be handed around freely. One
of the universal beauties of our new parks
— of the parks of the country type — is the
pleasant vistas or views of the open land-
scape which one catches through the trees
at the roadside. It is an almost universal
failing of our parks’ drives that as the park
grows older these delightful pictures are

obscured by growing underbrush. The
roads have gradually become nothing more
than stupid green alleys with never a
glimpse at the pleasant scenes which it is
the roads’ ver_\- function to lead us as we
move along from point to point. Judicious
thinning should be carried on constantl\'
along the drives in our parks.

Again, the enjoyment of our parks is
often threatened by the gradual presence
of very unsanitary’ conditions in and about
our comfort stations. In one of the most
lieautiful parks in any of the small cities
of the country this point was brought out.
People were beginning to avoid the park
for this reason. Fortunately, healthful
conditions were restored in time. The town
learned a lesson.

To make a city’s park system self-sup-
porting by a shrewd management of con-
cessions is a goal which I believe Hartford.
Connecticut, did reach. It is perfectly true
that with attractive buildings, well man-
aged, where refreshments could be sold
many of the parks of our small cities might
be able to reap substantial returns. One of
the main points in park maintenance lies
in getting the citizens of the town to feel
that the park is their own, not somebody’s
else property. “This is your park — be
good to it,” is a sign which might be mod-
estly displayed in all of our parks. If the
visitors got the idea that it conveys into
their heads — as why should they not? — I
believe that with inconspicuous rubbish
and waste-baskets at convenient intervals,
we should go a long way’ in helping our
parks keep themselves clean. In acquiring
a park system for our small cities, let us
remember then that the size and the num-
ber of parks of which the community can
boast is of secondary’ importance to the
bigger fact of having a real .sy^stem which
can be said to give returns to the citizens
for" money invested. In developing its
park system, let the small city move with
deliberation. Let it avoid makeshift im-
provement merely because it does not wish
to ask advice. Let it develop its parks so
that a parallel improvement will be seen in
the whole system as far as finances will
allow. Finally, in the maintenance of our
parks let us be jealous in keeping their
beauty. Let us spend wisely and freely if
we can. A public park system is one of
the small city’s dearest possessions. It can
best be planned when the city is small.
A real park system in the larger sense can
only be obtained by’ co-operation, not among
a single group of people, but by a co-
operation of all the citizens. The words
of a verse of Kipling come to mind in this
connection :

“It ain’t the guns nor armament, nor funds
that they can pay.

But the close co-operation that makes them
win the day.

It ain’t the individual, nor the army as a
whole.

But the everlastin’ teamwork of every
bloomin’ soul.”

P A R K A N D C E M ET ERY

289

Monumental Type of Memorial Entrance

One of the most useful and appropriate
gifts or bequests that a cemetery can re-
ceive is an entrance gate, and the “Memo-
rial Entrance" idea is one that shoidd ap-
peal strongly to people of means who want
to render a service to the local cemetery.

The new entrance to Earlham Cemetery,
Richmond, Ind., illustrated, is a gift from
philanthropic citizens of the town and is
an attractive and imposing structure of the
monumental type.

The two large posts are four feet and six
inches square at base and sixteen feet high.
The two smaller ones are three feet and
seven inches square and ten feet high, all
made of light Barre granite. The iron
work was furnished bj- the Stewart Iron
Works Company of Cincinnati. This en-
tire work was donated Iry William If. and
Frank Coffin, of New York, and i\Irs. M.

M. White, of Cincinnati, in memory of
their parents, one of whom was the first
person Iniried in Earll am Cemetery.

1 he design, an original one, was made

b_v the Picpia Granite and Marlile Company,
of Piqua, Ohio, and the entire work was
cut at their factory and erected in proper
place 1))' them.

From the Cemetery Rule Books

Extracts from Regulations on Monumental Work in
Force in IJ'oodlazvn Cemetery, N^ew York City.

Contractors and their workmen while em-
ployed in the cemetery are under the super-
vision of the superintendent.

The first preliminary of any improve-
ment should be a careful study of the lot
and surroundings. The design should be
made in harmony therewith. To avoid
making unnecessary plans, the cemetery
should be consulted in advance, that the
designer may learn what improvements
will be allowed upon any particular lot.

Architects, engineers and contractors are
requested not to duplicate monumental
work. It is not justice to the owner or to
the designer, and multiplying any one de-
sign only leads to a tiresome monotony.

Attention is particularly called to the
danger of overcrowding monumental work,
which not only seriously mars the beauty
and effectiveness of the design for the
individual lot, hut causes a similar injury
to the improvements upon all lots in the
vicinity.

All monumental work must be designed
and executed in such a manner as to pro-
vide the most permanent construction. All
anchors, cramps or dowels must be of
standard bronze. Joints in horizontal
surfaces exposed to the weather should be
avoided if possible. If such joints are
accepted, they must be satisfactorily rab-
beted or anchored.

•All monumental work must be of stone
of approved quality or standard bronze.
The most suitable and acceptable material
is granite from established quarries.

All persons desiring to do monumental
work, or to make any improvement or
chaipge whatever upon lots, must file at the

cemetery a plan of the work and a written
order signed by the owner or owners of
the lot or grave, as authority for the same.
The approval of the cemetery must be
obtained and a permit secured liefore com-
mencing the work or bringing any mate-
rial into the grounds. Such permit shali
he shown whenever demanded by any em-
ploye of the cemetery. If the work is in a
single interment lot, the original single
grave certificate must also he produced.

Survey including grade of lot will be
furnished upon application. The grade of
all lots is established when the ground is
prepared for sale, and no change will be
permitted.

Lots are marked by the cemetery with
terra cotta lot markers. If boundary posts
are desired instead of terra cotta lot mark-
ers they must be set Hush with the surface
of the ground. No raised letters will be
allowed. The posts, ready for setting,
must be delivered on the avenue at the
nearest point to the lot. They must be
three feet or more in length and dressed
down plumb on the sides adjoining other
lots. Such posts will he set by the ceme-
tery at a fixed charge.

, On lots less than 20 feet in depth a
monument must not occupy more than
sixty per cent of the width of the lot. On
lots 20 feet or more in depth a monument
must not occupy more than seventy per
cent of the widtli of the lot. Monuments
must not encroach upon the space allowed
for interments. Bridging over graves for
monument foundations is not permitted.
The maximum size of the base which will
be approved and the minimum distance of

base from the rear line of the lot are as

follows :

Alinimum

Ma.ximum

distance

depth

Ma.ximum

Depth

of base

of base

width of

of lot.

from

( from

base

rear line

front to

(from side

of lot.

rear).

to side).

10'

3"

1' 9"

60% of width
of lot.

11'

3"

2' 9"

60% of width
of lot.

20'

3"

3' 9"

70% of width
of lot.

22'

6"

r 6"

70% of width
of lot.

23'

1' 0"

5' 0"

1 0% of width
of lot.

30' or more

3' 0"

70% of width
of lot.

On lots

more than

11 feet

in depth, if

some of

the graves

are not

required, a

monument

of greater

• depth

may be ap-

proved.

On Whitewood, Wintergreen, Butternut,
Dahlia, .Aster or .Acacia plots only one mon-
ument will be allowed (in a lot. On these
plots any stone work over four inches
high, except a vase, will be considered a
monument.

Abases, unless they are part of the monu-
ment, will not be allowed on lots less than
Id by 2(1 fe.et in size. They must he either
of cut stone or standard bronze. .A drain-
age hole shall lie pro\’ided. They should
be planted before June loth and protected
during the winter with suitable copper or
bronze covers properly secured. The cem-
etery reserves the right to remove un-
planted or neglected \ases from the lot
after due notice to the owner.

On Whitewood, Wintergreen, Butternut,
Dahlia, .Aster or .Acacia plots, grave mark-
ers will not be allowed over four inches in
height.

In the single interment plots a marker.

290

P A R K A NO C E M ETE RY

if desired, must be placed at the head of
the grave. On lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, A and P>
markers must not exceed two feet above
the surface of the ground, one foot in thick-
ness, and for adults' graves two feet in
width; for children's graves eighteen inches
in width. The base must he cut to extend
not over twelve inches below the surface of
the ground. On Honeysuckle Plot grave
markers must not exceed one foot above
the surface of the ground, one foot in
thickness and two feet in width.

Enclosures of lots or graves will not be
allowed.

All monumental work must Ije provided
with concrete or masonry foundations ex-
cept in the single interment lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
A and B. The foundation must extend to
such depth (usually six feet or more) as
may be required to provide security for the
work. Foundations must he the full size of
the superstructure, and will be finished off
at such le\els as will permit the cut-stone
work to be set at least one inch lielow the
surface of the sod at all points. The out-
side walls of foundations for mausoleums
shall be at least one foot six inches in thick-
ness.

•All foundations are huilt by the cem-
etery, and an order for same signed by the
lot owner must l)e filed at the office.

Rates per cubic foot will be given on ap-
plication.

All monumental work must have the sur-
face next to the foundation dressed off
sufficienth' true to allow every part to be
in contact with the foundation, and must
be set in a solid lied of mortar. The re-
moval or building up of any part of the
foundation, the use of spawls between the
base stone and foundation or any other de-
fective workmanship in the Ijase stone will
not be allowed.

MAUSOI^EUMS.

Lots for mausoleums must ])e at least 20
by 22 feet in size. The liuilding must be
at least 3 feet clear of the lot lines, and
must not occupy more than 70 per cent of
the width of the lot.

Mausoleums must be of the most suitable
and durable materials and construction.
Full plans and specifications in duplicate
must he filed with and receive the approval
of the cemetery. The outside walls of parts
above ground must lie made of cut stone

at least 10 inches in thickness. All stones
must hold their face size the full thickness
of the wall.

The best interior finish is granite, but if
a marble lining is desired it must be not
less than two inches thick, doweled and
set in cement mortar and securely anchored
to the walls, ceiling slabs to be not less
than 114 inches thick.

The use of plaster of paris for setting
interior work is not allowed.

Catacombs which can be separately sealed
must be provided for each interment and
all interments in mausoleums must be in a
metal-lined box, hermetically sealed.

The catacombs should be at least 7 feet
ti inches long, 2 feet 8 inches wide and
2 feet 2 inches high in the clear. Cata-
combs which have marble fronts opening at
the side may be constructed as follows :
Ends', 2-inch slate rabl^eted on the inside
rear vertical edges for the, back slate, and
on the front vertical edges for the marble
tablet. The rabbets at the hack should be
% inch deep. The rabbets at the front
should he V2 inch deep at one end of the
catacomb and iVs inches deep at the other
end to allow the tablets to slide back and
be taken out. The rablrets for the tablets
may be cut on the vertical stiles instead of
on the tablets if so desired.

The backs of catacombs to be 1-inch
slate, shelves 2-inch slate, large enough
to fully cover the top edges of rear and
end slates. All four corners of the cata-
comb stack to be braced against the out-
side walls l)y Ijrick piers. The marble tab-
lets to be not less than l-inch finished
thickness. The posts or vertical stiles at
the ends of catacombs to be not less than
2 inches thick l)y 5 inches wide, secureh’
doweled or anchored at both top and bot-
tom of the post and at the top of each
catacomb. The rails to he not less than
214 inches thick by fi inches wide, and
long enough to run back of the vertical
stiles and lap 2 inches on the slate at each
end, the back edge of rail rabbeted to rest
at least inch on top of the slate shelf, or
both rail and shelf raliheted. All parts to
lie set in cement mortar. For catacombs
opening at the end, the sides are to be
2-inch slate, rablieted on the inside ver-
tical edges, both front and rear. The rab-

bets at the front should be % inch deep
on one side of the catacomlj and % inch
deep on the other side. The backs to be
1-inch slate, shelves 114-inch slate. The
vertical stiles to be not less than 2 inches
square. In other respects construction to
be same as for catacombs opening at the
side.

Air spaces must be provided between
the catacombs and outside walls, with suit-
able air inlets or outlets at top and bot-
tom. Satisfactory provision should also
be made for the ventilation of the audi-
torium.

Platforms leading to mausoleums will
only be allowed by special permission. They
must terminate at least one foot back from
the sod line on avenues and six inches back
from the sod line on walks.

Steps or stoops will not be allowed ; but
in special instances where they are a part
of the building the}^ may be permitted.

All materials must be delivered to lots
on planking. Adjacent lots must not be
trespassed upon.

Monumental materials or apparatus must
not obstruct avenues or pathways and wdll
not be permitted to enter the cemetery until
required for immediate use. Boxing and
waste materials will not be allowed to ac-
cumulate; they must be removed immedi-
ately.

Heavy trucking will not be allow'ed in
the grounds when it may do injury.

Guy ropes must only be secured at sucb
points and in such manner as the superin-
tendent may approve.

In making improvements upon lots the
contractor must restore the grade and soil
to the satisfaction of the superintendent.

No advertisements in any form will be
allowed upon monumental w'ork.

No work shall he commenced on Satur-
day wdiich cannot be finished and the debris
entirely removed before the hour for quit-
ting w'ork on that day.

Construction work of any kind will not
be permitted between December 15th and
March 15th.

When work is suspended by the above
regulation, or for other reasons, all mate-
rial pertaining thereto must be confined to
the lot or removed to such pi ice as the
superintendent may direct.

Natural Landscape Spirit in Planting

Address Before Minnesota Horticultural Society by
C. B. lUaldron, North Dakota Agricultural College.

The natural landscape makes a more
direct and universal appeal to man than
does any other element with which he
comes in contact.

It is the original setting of all his activi-
ties, and the source from which his living
comes.

Our five senses, our primal instincts and
our physical conformation are the result
of the reaction upon us of the things of

which our landscapes are made.

.And as long as time rolls, the objects
and elements that have helped to shape
and mould us are those to wdiich w'e in-
stinctively and unerringly turn. Whether
the natural landscape is characterized by
rugged picturesqueness or soft flowing
lines of beauty, whether it conveys the
sense of snugness and seclusion "or of vast-
ness and expanse, whether the expression

be that of quietness or of gaiety, we find
in any or all of these qualities contented
enjoyment or even keen pleasure.

Rocks, w'oods, hills, waters and the rest-
ful e.' panse of broad prairies all find in us
a response as natural as the breath of life
itself.

The first gardens that man made had no
relationship to the natural landscape. They
consisted only of plants conveniently set

PARK AND C E M ET ER Y

291

along the path that led to his hut or cabin.
These were naturally set in regular heels
and straight rows.

The plants at first were only those hav-
ing an economic value, but as the aesthetic
sense developed and luxuries were de-
manded, plants gay with color and pleasing
in form found their way into these gardens,
and in time they ceased to be primitive
and simple, though they partook no more
of the qualities of the natural landscape
than did the beds of onions and turnips
that they succeeded. In pattern they be-
came complex and elaborate to the last
degree, but never natural.

Gardens of that type have an appropri-
ate existence today in the immediate vicin-
ity of formal and imposing buildings, or in
secluded areas shut off from the surround-
ing natural landscape, provided always
that the owner enjoys that sort of garden.

In the case of most of us, however, our
parks, school grounds and home premises
are but parts of the one great far-reaching
landscape. Our Imildings are not imposing
enough to dominate any considerable area
and to shut ourselves in completely from
the adjoining neighborhood does not con-
form to the democratic ideas of the most
of us.

Beginning, then, with the general con-
siderations, we should try to catch the spirit
of the surrounding landscape and make our
buildings and plantings conform to that.

As a concrete example, the dominant
element in a prairie landscape is horizontal
lines. Our buildings, therefore, should he
low and broad and the trees of a spreading
rather than an upright habit. A house with
sharp, narrow gables and Lombardy pop-
lar trees would be as much out of harmou}’
in such a landscape as a few bars of rag-
time in the midst of a Beethoven sym-
phony.

If tall rows of willows are considered
necessar\- for the shelter they afford, they
should be Hanked by generous plantings of
wild plum, thorn-apple and elder, that they
may not seem too foreign to their sur-
roi’ndings.

The western side of the city of Spokane
is built up against a mountain shoulder
filled with huge jutting rocks and covered
with magnificent towering pine trees. On
this elevation are a number of residences
that with their surroundings constitute some
of the finest examples of landscape art in
America, so perfectly do they conform to
the massive ruggedness of their picturesque
surroundings. In this one spot, at least,
some artist has been great enough not to
yield to the seductive temptation of the
aristocratic canna l ed and the gaudy ob-
trusi\eness of the coleus set in wondrous
pattern. .\nd yet for all that the places
look refined, homelike and comfortable, the
fitting abode of civilized man.

In the same way premises may be made
to partake of the spirit of the prairie and
yet not have the expression of loneliness
and isolation that naked buildings set on

a vast plain would naturally convey. And
by the same rule a home in the woods can
be made to assume the sylvan atmosphere
without seeming too shutin and secluded.

Next in importance to having the prem-
ises as a whole in harmony with the region
in which they are located is that of having
the different individual items not only in
keeping with their surroundings, but a
seeming essential part of them.

Not far away from where we are now
assembled the summer visitor might have
beheld a number of detached, bright-col-
ored flower beds conspicuously striving to
destroy the otherwise benign and restful
calm of a grove of sturdy oak trees.

Perhaps we have all been more or less
embarrassed at times in the possession of
a w'heelbarrow load of perfectly good canna
plants with no particular part of the land-
scape at hand that seemed to crave their
presence. And we may all have solved the
problem in the same way — by putting the
canna bed where there w'as the most room
and where it would “show off” w'ell and
excite the envy of our neighbors.

But in our sane moments we somehow
feel that canna beds and a grove of rugged
oak trees have nothing in common.

We have all gathered the trillium and
wild phlox and adder-tongue in the heart
of the forest and we know how wood
flowers should and do grow. Why can’*'
we remember those things wdien we plant?

.And last fall as we treaded the coun-
try roads we never ceased admiring the
wonderful blue asters and., cheerful goilden-
rod nestled against the hazel bushes and
dogwood and reddening sumacs. Wliere
was the school ground or park or home-
stead that could claim such a wealth of
natural artistry?

Just where to make a beginning toward
creating a better taste and practice in land-
scape art is a question for which we would
like to find an answer. It is somethin.g
that will have to grow slowl}' and naturally,
just as good taste in architecture and house
furnishing has been growing within the
memories of all of us.

The colleges and universities nearly all
give some attention to landscape art and
the courses generally are good as far as
they go. Some of this work is gradually
filtering down into the common schools so
that a larger proportion of our population
will know a good landscape when they see
it.

We still have with us landscape garden-
ers who seem to feel that they are not do-
ing their duty by their clients unless they
introduce a number of showy and con-
spicuous features. Our love of display is
often more highly developed than our sense
of art and appropriateness.

The surest way to develop an apprecia-
tion and understanding of the elements
and factors that determine a perfect land-
scape is, in the words of the apostle, to
think on these things.

Perfection in any field, as we all have
seen and proved, comes not by chance, but
through thought and study and diligent
application, and in this way alone can we
give to our landscape creations the natural-
ness and charm that will make them a joy
and an inspiration, such as most of us need
in the hurr\' and confusion of our daily
lives.

New Publications Reviewed

“The Natural Style in Landscape Gar-
dening,” by Frank A. Waugh, just pub-
lished, is one of the most interesting and
useful books on landscape art of recent
years. Although the natural style in land-
scape gardening has been practiced for over
one hundred years and has been strongly
favored in England and America, this is
one of the few rational statements of its
principles offered. Here w'e have a clear-
cut, workable outline of the technique of
design. To conserve and develop the na-
tive landscape and to make it accessible
and intelligible to all is declared by Prof.
Waugh to be the chief purpose of land-
scape architecture. The work is charac-
terized by a broad view of the field of art.
Some of the leading and novel features of
the book are : A clean-cut and intelligible
philosophy of the natural style ; a practical
W'orking method of structural design in the
natural style: application of these technical
methods in the conservation and the de-
velopment of the natural landscape: the
spiritual interpretation of the landscape.
The book is handsomely executed in 8vo,
cloth with gilt stamping, and is published
by Richard G. Badger, of Boston. There
are Hi pages of illustrations. The work-
sells for $2.50 net.

“Outdoor Theaters" are an interesting
and modern landscape problem on which
literature is verv' limited, so that Prof.
F. .A.. Waugh’s new book, “Outdoor The-
ters," will find a hearty welcome from stu-
dents of landscape architecture. Garden
theaters and outdoor auditoriums of all
sorts have a great future in .America. They
should be designed by skilled architects
and landscape gardeners, and the founda-
tions upon which all successful design
must rest are clearly defined in this work.
The book is divided into three sections:
I. Questions of Use, 11. Problems of De-
sign, HI. Selected Examples. In the first
division the traditions and uses of the out-
door drama and theaters are carefully con-
sidered. The second part deals with the
size, location, stage, lighting and everv
other detail of construction. The third
part offers detailed descriptions, plans and
pictures of a large number of successful
open-air tbeaters in Furope and .America.
While the book gives this very useful tech-
nical informat'on for the professional man,
it gives also a discussion of the types of
entertainment suitable for outdoor produc-
tion. The work sells for $2. •1(1 and is pub-
lished by R;chard G. Badger of Boston.

292

PARK AND CEMJiTER}

FINE MODERN CROSS-SLAB. PURE TYPE OF GREEK STELE.

McIntosh Granite Co., Toronto, Contractors. Kensico Cemetery, New York.

ONE OF THE ‘’PALMS” FAMILY".
Harsha iMomnnent Co., Hillsboro, O..
Contractors.

!

Best Cemetery Monuments of the Year

The anntial review of tlie best speci-
mens of cemetert" monumental work
erected during the year, begun by AIonu-
.MENTAL News two years ago, has devel-
oped into a very interesting illustrated
record of progress in monumental art.
Each year shows a greater predominance
of distinctly better designed monuments.
There is a better general average of work
shown each year and a much smaller ntim-
lier of specimens that are recognized at a
glance in any cemetery as poor types of
design or hackneved stock forms that
have persisted from year to year from
the “hickey” age of monumental art. The
high average of work must be judged not
only by the specimens we illustrate but by
those which we did not get in our collec-
tion this year. Some of the old types
that would have been in the majority in
any collection of this kind ten years ago
are now entirely absent. The “old reli-
able" cap “job" with one foot of die and
four feet of overgrown cap and rock-
faced base, and the elongated "cottage”
job of about the same proportions do not
appear in our collection of best work. Of
course there are still some of these being
erected, but the trade is sufficiently edu-
cated now to know that these forms are
not to be pointed to with pride as speci-
mens of our best work.

This year's record collected from some
three hundred leading firms in different
parts of the country shows some very
fine specimens and records a development

of some really new and artistic types. The
newest and most promising development in
cemetery memorial stjles we believe is
represented b\' the new garden or vase
type of memorial which made its appear-
ance about two years ago and has been
developed into some very fine standard
architectural treatments. The upright or
tall tablet in the form of a truncated pyra-
mid, the low horizontal tablet in either
one or two pieces, and the small tablet
with the suggestion of the colonial style
about it. are probably our commonest and
most practical cemetery forms for small
monuments of ordinary cost. The
"Palms" design as it appeared in the de-

UNIQUE MARBLE URN MEMORIAL.
Howard Gresniey, Architect.

W. W. Leland Co., Contractors.

sign of plates of A'Ionumental News in
January 1915, has been the progenitor of
a most interesting family, and many cop-
ies, variations and adaptations of this
have been wrouglit into very fine ceme-
tery monuments. This is probably the
most popular single form that has made its
appearance among our simple cemetery
stones in quite a number of years.

New architectural variations of the e.x-
edra and sarcophagus types are making their
appearance and the sarcophagus tablet ap-
pears in a great many fine forms. The
unusual and original sculptured and elab-
orate architectural forms produced where
expense is not limited are of course of
great importance as individual examples,
although so rare as to be less valuable as
de\'eloping standard cemetery types. A
number of these special examples are il-
lustrated and described.

Several fine examples of the newest de-
velopment in cemetery memorial art, the
“Garden” memorial, a type that utilizes
the urn or \ase in a variety of interesting
architectural compositions, are among the
most original specimens of the best mon-
uments of the year.

Two of the most refined and distinctive
examples of cemetery architecture of re-
cent years are the "Percy” memorial illus-
trated on another page of this issue,
and the "Peper" shown in an accompany-
ing picture. These were both designed
and erected by McDonnell & Sons, of Buf-
falo, N. Y., and executed in Barre gran-

P A R K A .V D C li M E T Li R Y

293

r.

f

S'

f

t

I

r

i'

>1

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+'

I

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f

■A

,ite in their plant at Barre, Vt. There is
something beautifully suggestive about the
Percy memorial with its association '^f, the
Jiving plant with this very effective ren-
dering of the temple form of architecture.
The conception is in perfect harmony
with the restful character of the burial
plat in the m_oclern lawn cemetery. It is
at once noticeable with what grace and

signed the work. It is of the following
dimensions : Bottom base, in one piece,

5-2x3-ll')4x0-6 ; urn ^l>ase, l-8.xl-8.x0-10 ;
uni, 1^8xl-8x4-0 hfgli ; bronze plate,
1-11/2x1-0. " ...

The “Heavenrich" monument is a- very
simple, practical form of the vase memo-
rial in combination with the small upright
talilet. A semi-circular projection on the

re’.f witli comeiUionalization, yet he care-
fully fashioned Nature’s "wild, free'
growth" to suit his needs by arranging'
ipra_\ upon siiray in a pleasing pattern.,
Raixly vve hnd maturalism so perfectly*
managed. ' The successful result here is
due to the formal arrangement of the;
can'ed details. Confined within the per-,
pendicular <trips, the carving follows the

NEW "GARDEN TYPE’’ OP CEMETERY MEMORIAL.
McDonnell & Sons, Buffalo, N. Y., Contractor-s.

purity of st.\le and perfection of detail
the architectural lines of this memorial
have been carried out. This is a modern
classic of its type, one of the few real
additions to cemetery memorial art that
have been produced in recent years. This
work was erected for the Walker Perc}’
estate in Elmwood Cemetery, Birmingham,
-Ala. It is of the following dimensions :
Base, 10-0x3-6x1-5; die, 6-0x2-5x3-8; urns,
2-2 in diameter, 1-4 high.

Seldom has a more appropriate, pleasing
or original type of small cinerary memo-
rial been devised than the rarely graceful
urn memorial illustrated in the "Slade”
monument. The urn is particularly ap-
propriate for the cinerary monument and
it has seldom been rendered in better mon-
umental form than in this dainty little me-
morial. The incinerary chamber is cut in
the marble ledger slab and closed by the
bronze plate that may be seen in our illus-
tration. This is executed in Alabama
marble and 'was erected by the W.
Leland Company of New York in Wood-
lawn Cemetery in ■ that city. Howard
Greenley, the New York architect, de-

base is hollowed out and encloses a small
evergreen. The tablet is tastefully de-
signed and decorated, and the work as a
whole shows how the vase monument may
be adapted to the uses of the inexpensive
cemetery memorial. This wJs erected in
Woodmere Cemetery-, Detroit, by Cart-
wright Bros. Granite Co. of that city, and
was executed by them in Mt. Airy granite.
The base is 4-8x2-2xl-0 and the die 4-8xl-0
,x4-7. The vase is cut solid with the base
and has a projection of about 17 inches.

Modern variants of the Colonial head-
stone are gaining popularity, particularly
in the Eastern section of our country. The
richness and refined dignity of such modest
memorials as the "Samuel Bowles" may,
in a measure, account for the favor. Well
studied distril^ution of the exciuisite dec-
orative work; a carefully developed sim-
plicity of outline, together with superb ex-
ecution are the dominant features of the
Bowles tablet. Contrasted with so much
that is cold and rigid in the natural forms,
h.ow crisp and brilliant is the modelling
here of the laurel leaf and stem ! While
the artist has not greatly concerned him-

“stiucfural lines and thus becomes part and
parcel of the composition” and in no sense
has the effect of lieing added. As if to
deny an over-insistent sulijection to this
formality of treatment note how the de-
signer has caused one or two leaves to
over-step the confining boundaries. The
wreath is admirably arranged and the tan-
gential sprays relieve what might have
been a severe element. The lamp, signify-
ing "Light and Learning,” is here pecu-
liarly litting, for Samuel Bowles was a
scholar and journalist. The modest but
beautiful memorial ser-^-es but to mark his
final resting place, for in the world-famous
Springfield Republican he and his family
have their greatest monument. The Bowles
was closely fashioned after a slate head-
stone of similar design and is the work of
William F. Cook of Springfield, IMass. It
was carved in W'esterly granite by the
Joseph Coduri Granite Company of West-
erly, R. I. The dimensions are 2-2.x0-5x3-6
out of ground.

Contrasted with so much that is medi-
ocre and indifferent in our moderate
priced memorials, how pleasing are the

294

P A R K AND CEMETERY

ORIGINAL. TYPE OF “SHRINE" MEMORIAI>. SIMPI.E TYPE OF EFFECTIVE VASE MEMORIAL.

W. F. Cook Granite Co., Springfield. JIass., Contractors. Cai twright Bros.’ Granite Co., Contractors.

SIMPLE, REFINED, CLASSIC AND INEXPENSIVE.
W. F'. Coo’k Granite Co., Springfield. Mas.s., Contractors.

BEAUTIFUL MODERNIZED COLONIAL HEADSTONE.
W. F’’. Cook Granite Co.. Springfield, Jlass., Contractors.

classic lines of the relined and dignified
Richards monument, erected by William
F. Cook of Springfield, Mass. Time and
time again. Monumental News has de-
plored the prevalent tendencies toward
meaningless and crude “attempts at some-
thing different,” — a fault so typical of
much that is done in the less expensive
work. Editors and contributors have per-
sistently urged a closer adherence to the
proportions, lines and detail of classic
architecture. The architectural dignity
.and refinement of the modern American
monument, in its more costly examples, has
called forth the unqualified admiration of
■critics in all lands and it is unquestionably

to the influence of Greek and Roman
architecture that we owe the best qualities
of our work. It is a happy sign of the
Limes to mark a sure and steady return to
the simple refinement of classic detail in
our inexpensive monuments. The Rich-
ards memorial is reminiscent of the Attic
Stela, — or Greek sepulchral slab. Modest,
.simple, refined and inexpensive, it conveys
at once an impression of richness and
character. Observe the simple but effective
composition of mouldings in the cap, the
nice arrangement of the rosettes, the re-
markably beautiful Roman lettering, the
studied proportions of panel and cap ! The
Richards is an adaptation of a similar work
in marble which was much admired by
Mr. Cook and his associates. They have
produced several monuments of the same
outline and detail in one of which the sur-
faces were given an antique or sketchy
finish, the panel only remaining fine ham-
mered. They were all executed in Victoria
white granite, a fine, light grained stone to
which Mr. Cook is very partial. The ab-
sence of a base not only contributes to
the character and modesty of the Richards,
but it lends a decided individuality to the
work, especially w'hen such a composition
is surrounded by stereotyped or conven-

P A R K A N J) C E M E T E RY

lional “cap and die" monuments. The
dimensions are: Die, .3-6x0-7x.5-5 (at
ground line) ; cap, 3-7x0-11x0-7.

The unique and beautiful Nash memorial
at Greenfield, Massachusetts, was erected
last year. We have this year, from
the same craftsman, the “Leith” memorial,
an admirable modification of the same
theme. The elliptical recess of the Leith
memorial is less in depth than that of the
Nash and in place of the counter-sunk
jianels on the pilasters of the Nash we have
here a simple but effective incised line.
The thistle motive (Mr. Leith was a
Scotchman ) is not as rich and satisfying
as the laurel band of the Nash, ne\erthe-

less, the designer has succeeded admirably
in effecting a pleasing decorative result by
inclining the sprays toward the center. The
Chi-Rho and Alpha Omega monograms
are cleverh- designed and balance well one
with the other. Particularly noteworthy is
the beautiful lettering in both bronze and
stone. .Altogether, the Leith is an admir-^
able lesson in originality of design in simple
tablet forms and the creators of this work
ftilly deserve the compliments they have re-
cei\ed for developing this unique circular-
recess theme. The Leithe mmorial is don
in pink Westerly granite, a material thai
lends curious richness to bronze details.
It was carved by Joseph Coduri Granite
Company of Westerly, Rhode Island, and
is the work of William F. Cook, Spring-
field, Massachusetts. The dimensions are ;
Die, 3-2xl-2x.5-0 ; base, 4-6x2-6xl-0.

most original and useful example of
the tall tablet type is seen in the "Jones”
cross-slab, an unusually clever combina-
tion of the cross and tablet. The most
artistic and effective use of the cross in
moderate priced memorials is to be seen in
works where cross is used as a relief dec-
oration, and here is a strikingly success-
ful exairp'e of a cross in relief. The raised
panel embodying the cross and Celtic

295

tracery has been so applied that the lower
part represents the shaft of the cross and
serves also as the inscription panel. The
gentle pyramidal lines of the tablet are
rarely graceful and carried out to good
effect in suggestions of sub-bases below.
The cross and carving were adapted from
an old Celtic cross at Inverary, Scotland.
This monument is the work of the Mc-
Intosh Granite Co., Ltd., of Toronto, and
is of the following dimensions : Base,
3-3xl-7.xl-0 ; die, 2-5.x0-9x5-9. If stands
in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.

The Greek stele is the prototype of many
fine forms of the upright tablet and few
reproductions of this classic stone have

kept closer to the beautiful lines and dec-
orations of the original than the “Kipp”
monument, which we illustrate. The crest-
ing and general treatment follow closely
the style of the famous “Crane” stele that
was described in Monumental News in
Alarch, 1917. The cornice treatment is
simpler than in the Crane and the two cus-
tomary rosettes have lieen used instead of
the modern wreath on the other. This
memorial stands in Kensico Cemetery, New
York, on the family lot of David C. Kipp,
superintendent of the cemetery. It is of
red Westerly granite from the quarrrx of
the Smith Granite Co., was erected and
executed by O. F. Staples of Valhalla. N.
Y., and designed by the Presbrey-Coyken-
dall Co. of New York Cit.v. The dimen-
sions are: Base, 5-2x4-0xl-l ; total height,
12-1

The simple upright tablet form of the
general shape of a truncated pyramid is
probably our most useful and most widely
used type for modern cemetery monuments
of medium cost. The progenitor of many
of these forms and one of the finest types
of simple monuments that has been orig-
inated in recent years was the “Palms” de-
sign, by John F. Stanley, which originally
appeared in Monumental News in Janu-

TWO UNUSUALLY REFINED TYPES OF
Kensico Cemetery, New York; Presbrey-Coykendall Co., Contrs.

THE MODEST TABLET OR HEADSTONE.

Woocllawn Cemetery, New York: Harrison Granite Co., Contrs.

206

P A R K A \ D C E M ETERY

A DISTINGUISHED EXAMPLE OF A DISTINCTIVE TYPE.
McDonnell & Sons, Buffalo, N. Y., Contractors.

ary 1915. Hundreds of more or less accu-
rale copies of this stately, but simple, me-
morial have lieen e'^ecuted and this design
has become a standard type for the better
class of upright tablet. It relies for its
charm on perfection of line and delicacy
of ornament.

W'e illustrate here one of the copies of
the original "Palms" design. The "Taylor''
memorial e.xecuted from the original
"Palms" design, was erected by the Harsha
Monument Co., of Hillsboro, O., and was
cut for them in Barre granite by the Win.
Milne Granite Co., of Barre.

The small horizontal tablet is probably
our commonest cemetery form and we
illustrate two very fine t>pes of this memo-
rial which show how very attracti\e a sim-
ple stone may be made solely by graceful
lines and proportions and tasteful letter-
ing and decoration. The “North" memo-
rial is the work of The Harrison Granite
Co., of New York, and stands in Wood-
lawn Cemetery, New York City. It was
executed in this firm's plant at Barre, Vt.

The “Bowlby-Phayre" is another exam-
ple of this same type which is attractive
solely by its perfect lines and graceful dec-
oration. This is the work of The Pres-
brey-Coykendal! Co., of New York City,
and was cut at tiieir plant in Barre.

The “Peper” memorial also is a distinc-
tive and original development in cemetery

architecture. This is a handsomely wrought
Egyptian temple door or "canopy”, erected
b_\- McUoimdi & Sons, of Buffalo. The
graceful lines, chaste decorations and
architectural harmony of every part of the
composition mark this as a noteworthy ex-
ample of a noteworthy type.

The “Little-Hepper" monument repre-
sei'.ts the ume sarcop'Tigus tab'et with an

unusual and effective base treatment and
a beautifully car\-ed band of oak leaves
that almost surrounds the die. It is a work
of much architectural and decorative char-
acter. It stands in Greenwood Cemetery.
Brooklyn, N. Y., and was erected by The
Harrison Granite Co.

Paint

"Protective paint costs less than rust
catastrophe" is a saying of the Joseph
Dixon Crucible Company, Jersey Cit_\’,
X. J. In its house organ, "Graphite,” for
November, 1917, this concern illustrates
the viaduct of the Fort Smith Light & Trac-
tion Company, at Van Buren, .\rk.,
painted in 1914 with Dixon's silica-grapldte
paint, with the paint still in good condi-
tion, despite the fact that the structure is
carried o\'er railroad tracks and is subject
to continuous and heavy attack of smoke,
beat, dust conditions, al)rasion, etc.

"Tin-roof paint woidd try a saint" some-
times is another statement of the Joseph
Di.xon Crucible Company. Tin toda_\' is
not what it used to be in weight and metal.
The acids, gases and dust in the air, etc.,
are greater than formerly. Or it ma}’ be-
the tin was not properly put in paintin.g
condition to receive the paint, according to-
directions on paint label. There are some-
times failures, .\gain there are remark-
alile instances of long service. This com-
pany rei)roduces roof testimonial telling
of do years' paint service. This concern
also distributes an illustrated tin roof book-
let of much interest. .As paint pigments^
silica and flake graphite are said to be
unchangeable, paints made with these pig-
ments possess the greatest durability, films-
remainin.g elastic after _\ears of service.
No chemical action can occur between the
1 i.gment and the vehicle. Graphite is the
most water-repellent pigment known, and
paints made with it are the best water ex-
cluders, thus preventing corrosion.

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

29;

Hardy Planting Material For The Northwest

Address before the Minnesota Horticultural Society by F. IV. Brodrick,

I rofessor of Horticulture and Forestry, Manitoba Agricultural College

I take much pleasure in iirescnting a sub-
ject which is of interest to us in the Ca-
nadian Xorthwest and which, I presume,
will he of interest to you in Minnesota,
namely, a discussion of the Shrubs and
Hardy Herbaceous Perennials suitable for
farm planting. Jn Canada we realize the
\ alue of home beautification and are doing
what we can to encourage work of this
kind. We feel that much can he done to
add to the attractiveness of the farm home
h\' the development of a lawn, and liy the
planting of a few trees, flowering shrubs
and herbaceous perennials. In fact, no
farm home is complete without a lawn
which has received some degree of orna-
mentation. The development will require
some time to complete, and, in order to get
satisfactory results, the work of lawn-
making should be thoroughly done. The
soil for lawns should he well prepared and
thoroughly enriched before the seed is
sown. A finely itulverized surface will
facilitate the germination of the finer grass
seeds, and, on a good lawn, only the finer
grasses should he sown. Such grasses as
Kentucky and Canadian Blue Grass, and
Red Top, which make a compact growth
and have a creeping habit induced by the
running root-stock, are the most suitable
grasses for lawn making purposes. Sow-
ing the grass seeds during the early sum-
mer, covering the seed with a garden rake,
and thoroughly firming the soil about the
seed with a garden roller, will induce
quick germination and hasten the develop-
ment of a good lawn.

The planting of trees and shrubs should
he in keeping with the size of the grounds,
and the varieties used would be influenced
by climatic and soil conditions. The at-
tractiveness of any ornamental scheme of
this kind will depend on the quality and
the variety of the material that is planted.
Tn a country with a rich natural flora, like
our Canadian West, liberal use should he
made of the hardier types of native flower-
ing shrubs and trees. Planting in groups
of various sizes, depending upon the loca-
tion and extent of the grounds ; massing
to give pleasing contrasts or combinations
of foliage or flowers, and restricting the
planting largeh' to the outsides or con-
venient places throughout the grounds, are
suggestions which may he followed in the
planting of trees and shrubs on a lawn.
Herbaceous perennials, with their great
profusion of bloom, wealth of color, and
extended season of blooming, are strongly
to he recommended for ornamental pur-
poses. The perennials are best planted in
properly prepared beds or borders with a
thoroughly enriched soil, and in quantity
to give a massing of color. A wise selec-
tion of varieties will give a continuity of

bloom tliroughout the entire growing sea-
son. Opportunities for the exercise of
good taste in the improvement of home
grounds are many, and much can he done
in the proper arrangement and combina-
tion of planting material to make the home
a place of great beauty.

From a practical standiioint we find that
trees and shrubs do best when planted in
well-jjrepared soil. The land should he
deeply broken and thoroughly cultivated
before being planted to trees and shrubs.
Thorough cultivation for two successive
seasons is none too much to put such land
in good condition for tree planting. The
soil should he enriched h>' heavy manuring
with well-rotted manure before the trees
are planted.

Tn preparing trees or shrubs for plant-
ing. broken or injured roots should be re-
moved and the tops of deciduous trees cut
hack to balance with the reduced root .sys-
tem. Evergreen trees should receive great
care during the process of transplanting.
The roots should never become dried
while they are out of the soil as severe
drying is likely to result in the death of
the tree. Tn planting trees or shrubs, dig
a hole sufficiently large to take the roots
without crowding. Spread out the roots
with the hands, place fresh surface soil
below' and immediately on top of the roots,
and pack thoroughl\'.

great deal of emphasis may be placed
upon the advantage of procuring home-
grown trees where at all possible. Some
of the varieties, while perfectly hardy
when grown from seed procured under
western conditions, are not to be depended
upon when grown from seed produced in
the south or east.

Of flowering plants, nothing gives great-
er satisfaction than the hardy herbaceous
perennials. By making a careful selection
of varieties a continuity of bloom may be
obtained from early in the spring until late
in the fall. The ease with which they can
he grown commends the hardy perennials
very strongly as a \ery satisfactory class
of flowering plants for western gardens.
INlost perennials may be started from seed
b>- sowing the seed in the spring in w'ell-
prepared garden soil, and transplanting
from the nursery row' to the permanent
border when the plants are one or two
years old.

The soil for perennials should be w'cll
prepared and thoroughly enriched w'ith
well decayed barnyard manure before the
perennials are planted. Clayey or sandy
loam, providing it is w'ell drained, will give
good results. The texture of a very heavy
clay may he very much improved by the
incorporation of a quantity of sand with
the soil. An open, friable soil is preferred

b_\' most perennials, and particularly those
with thick fleshy roots or bullis.

Perennials may he planted either in the
spring or in the fall. With most kinds,
howe\er, the spring seems to he the most
desirable season. The ])lanting should be
done just before the season of active
growth begins. Paeony and Iris, which
have thick fleshy roots, are probably best
planted in the fall as the developing buds
may he injured when the work is done in
the spring of the t’ear.

The most eTTectixe arrangement of
perennials is where they are i)lanted in nar-
row beds, or in borders along w'alks, or at
the sides or back of the grounds. The
beauty of the border will depend to a con-
siderable extent upon the way in which the
plants are arranged in it. Devices which
are followed to good effect are massing the
plants of one variety to give a blaze or
show' of color. The beauty of the individ-
ual plants may be greatly increased by
planting the taller growing kinds at the
hack of the border and hiding the lower or
unsightly part of the plant with plants of
smaller size.

Perennial borders do not require much
care during the growing season providing
the soil has been well prepared before the
plants are set out. The soil hetw'een the
plants should be deeplx' dug in the spring
before the season of active growth, and
this sjxring cultivation should be followed
by an occasional stirring of the surface
soil W'ith a hoe and rake to conserve the
moisture and prevent the growth of weeds.

During the winter the roots of peren-
nials should be protected wdth a thick coat-
ing of coarse straw' or litter which should
he allow'ed to remain on the border until
the season of heavy frosts is past in the
spring. The coarse material may he re-
moved and the finer material dug in with
the soil at the time of the early spring cul-
tivation.

The following trees and shrubs are the
most hardy and most suitable for planting
in the west :

DErqDTTOUS SH.tDE .VND WINDBREAK
TREES.

Box Elder or TVfanitoba Maple.

•American or White Elm.

Green .Ash.

Basswood.

Cottonwood.

.American ATountain Ash.

Paper or Canoe Birch.

.Acute Leaved Willow'.

Laurel Leaved Willow'.

Russian Golden Willow.

CONTFEROT'S SIt.VDE TREES.

Scotch Pine.

White Spruce.

Colorado Blue Spruce.

/' .-I k K A N D CEMETERY

298

Balsam Fir.

Arbor Vitae.

Larch or Tamarack.

L.\RGE FLOWEUIXG SHRUBS.

Tartarian Hone3Suckle.

Ginnalian ]\Iaple.

Common Lilac.

Charles X Lilac.

Rouen Lilac.

Josikea Lilac.

Caragana Arborescens.

High Bush Cranberr3^

Siberian Dogwood.

S.MALT, FROWERING SHRUBS.

Cotoneaster.

Flowering Currant.

Golden Elder.

Van Floutii's Spiraea.

Golden Spiraea.

Billardi Spiraea.

Woody Cinquefoil.

Rosa Rugosa.

Caragana Pygmea.

The following is a list of hardy peren-
nials suitable for western planting :

Achillea Ptarmica Flore Plena, the Pearl
— Hardy, producing quantities of showy
double white flowers from June to Octo-
ber. Grown from plant division.

Althea Rosea or Coinnwn Hollyhock —
.\n old-fashioned hardy perennial easily
grown from seed. Grows from si.K to eight
feet high ; flowers white to almost black.
Should he planted in variety.

Aqnilcyia or Coin in b i n e — An easily
grown perennial which does well in a va-
riety of situations. Easily grown from
seed or plant division, in many named va-
rieties.

Aster, Starn'ort or Michaelmas Daisy —
hardy, late-flowering, perennial of a
great variety of colors. Easily grown
from seed. Plant in variety.

Canipannla or Bell-flomer — A showy
perennial in blue, purple and white ; bloom-
ing during midsummer, very attractive for
borders.

Centanrea Macrocephala or Knapu'eed —
.\ hardy and attractive perennial suitable
for borders and easily grown.

Delphinium or Larkspur — A well known
hard3" perennial, making fairly rank growth
and producing blue and bluish-white flow-
ers. Easily grown from seed and plant di-
vision. Should be in every collection. In
many named varieties.

Dianthus or Perennial Pink — Showy, at-
tractively flowered perennial which needs
winter protection. i\Tay be grown from
plant division.

Dicentra Spectabilis or Bleeding Heart
— An old-fashioned hardy perennial, bloom-
ing during June and July, and producing
quantities of crimson and white flowers.

Gaillardia Aristata or Blanket Flower —
A hard3' showy perennial in shades of
crimson and yellow, blooming during mid-
summer. Grown from seed or plant di-
vision.

Gypsopliila Paniculata or Chalk Plant —

A hard3', finely branched, delicate^' flow-
ered perennial ; flowers white, suitable for
planting in mixed borders. Flowers verx'
desirable for bouquets.

H enierocallis or Day Lilies — Hardy
showy perennials which do well under a
great variety of conditions, in mixed
borders, flowering during June. Grown
from plant division.

Iris or Flag — A short showy perennial in
shades of 3ellow and purple, German and
Siberian forms particularly desirable.
Does well in a \ariety of situations. Main-
named varieties. Should be in every col-
lection.

Lychnis, Chalccdonica or Maltese Cross
— Brilliantly flowered perennial, producing
masses of scarlet bloom which appears dur-
ing midsummer. Does well in a varieti- of
situations.

Myosotis Alpestris or Forget-me-not —
Dwarf perennial producing masses of deli-
cate blue flowers, hardy and a persistent
bloomer. Grown from plant division.

Paionia or Pacony — One of the best
known and most hardv herbaceous peren-
nials which should he in e\ery collection.

The Oakland Cemeterx- .Association of
St. Paul, Alinn., has issued its annual re-
port for the year ending October 31, 1917.
Preparation of new ground for use has
been steadily continued during the past
year. The chief work has been gradin.g and
seeding in the northeast (piarter of the
cemeterv. To accommodate people who do
not need or desire larger lots, a section has
been laid out in two and three-grave lots.
The work of grading and improvement of
roads has been steadil3- pursued also. Fol-
lowing are some statistics taken from the
report of the secretary : Receipts — Cash
balance, November 1, lOtli, $483.95; sales
of lots and sales of single graves, $18,4(14;

Fdoom large and showy, appearing during
midsummer. Should be planted in deep,
well-prepared soil and in a somewhat pro-
tected situation. Many desirable sorts
which should be planted e.\tensivel\-.
Grown from roots.

Papaver or Perennial Poppy — Hard3-,
early blooming perennials; Iceland and
Oriental Poppies best known forms. Ori-
ental particularh- attractive in shades of
scarlet and crimson. May be grown from
seed or plant division.

Perennial Phlox — Very attractive, late
Idooming perennial. Should be grown in
masses which present attracti\-e displa3's of
color. Many attractive named varieties
should be planted extensive^'.

Rndbeckia Laciniata or Golden Glow —
One of the tall growing, late flowering
perennials. Produces masses of showy
sellow flowers. Does well in a variety of
situations and should be planted fairly e.x-
tensively.

Spiraea — Some of the h e r b a ce o u s
spiraeas do well and make attractive peren-
nials. The Spiraea filipendula, palmata and
ulmaria are particularlx- good forms.

miscellaneous labor and foundations, $5,-
114.10; greenhouse sales, $10,(524.65; on lot
contract accounts, $3,689.7(5; income from
investments, $6,672.43 ; grand total, $52,-
472.34. The perpetual care fund increased
from sales of lots and single graves to
$4,218.85. Expenditures — General improve-
ment, $2,321.03 ; perpetual care, working
fund, $5,755.18; miscellaneous labor, foun-
dations, cases and vaults, $3,203.37 ; green-
house (seed, stock, etc.), $6,151.91; gross,
$52,047.19; balance at close of year, $425.15:
grand total, $52,472.34. The pay rolls,
which are included in the above expendi-
tures, amounted to $28,133.05.

Superintendent John J. Stephens of

CtnETERY NOTES

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

299

'lllllllll

1!IIIIIIIIIII

.S.)

< 'Tr Mm: ‘Pf

WE SPECIALIZE

IN

Cemetery Entrances

Heavy Monuments
Mausoleums

A sample cf our work erected at Union City, Ind.

In Granite

We have a large assortment of
original designs to illustrate the
above.

We will work together with Cemetery Superintendents on good prospects for memorial
work. We manufacture and retail direct. Correspondence solicited.

(See “Richmond Cemetery Entrance” in this issue, one of our latest productions.)

THE PIQUA GRANITE and MARBLE CO.

FACTORY AND OFFICE: Pini 1 A 01-110

900-910 S. Main Street rlCdU A, UMIU

llllllllll

llllllll

ing Greenhouses

Keep Summer In the Park the Whole Year Round

On account of their sturdy, special construction, which permits of great
strength without the need of heavy shadow-casting supports, these houses are
so warm and sunny that they are filled with a riot of bloom and fruit when
Jack Frost has stripped the gardens of their beauty.

The ventilating and heating systems are the result of years of experience
in building for professional growers. Things just have to grow in a King.

You should send in a picture of your park and let our experts design a
King which will harmonize and fit into the landscape plan.

Write today for our illustrated literature. See how beautiful and how
productive a greenhouse we can erect for you.

KING CONSTRUCTION

COMPANY, 342 King's Road,

North Tonawanda,

AND CEMETERY

300

W'oodlawn I'emetery, Toledo, O., fends us
tlie pliotograpli illustrated here of a line
piece of planting in Woodlawn. The hed
is circular in form, US feet in diameter.
The border is Herberis Thunhergii and the
center Hydrangea Panicnlata Granditlora,
ad plants in numl)er, with an ax'erage num-
ber of 4(i large blooms to each idaiit, witli
a grand total of ■i,-‘)7d and se\eral dozen
.small lilooms not included in the count.
It made a gorgeous effect indeed for two
months and was the admiration of all who
saw it.

'I'bat the Roselawn Cemetery .\ssocia-
tion of St. Paul, Minn., must accept
I'amagcs awarded it in the Ramsey County
District Court for property taken liy tlie
St. Paul water board is the decision of
the State Supreme Court. The water
board condemned some land lielonging to
the cemetery association to e.xtend the wa-
ter works system. .\ppraisers fixed the
value of the land at $l,53ti. The cemetery
association objected, asking $(i,u'hO, and
took the matter to the Supreme Court.

The Grissom Cemetery .\ssociation of
Vienna, 111., was incorporated recently by
Mary If. W'alker, Sitlna M. Rose and
Harry .Murrie.

.\ supplemental estimate of $b(l,U()() for
the fiscal year Ihlh for improvement in
Arlington Xational Cemetery, Washington,
D. C., has been sent to Congress by Sec-
retary McAdoo transmitting the recom-
mendation from the Secretary of War.
The recommendation covers the cost of
construction and repair of walks and
drix'es, la\ing out additional lots, land-
scaping and providing suitable approaches.

.\t a meeting of the lot owners of the
Rochester Cemetery Association, Roches-
ter, Minn., the same officers were re-elected.
P)r. C. Graham is president and George
P). Doty secretary.

The Cover Illiistration

The front cover illustration shows a fine
type of iron fence erected at .■\lbany Rural
Cemetery, Albany, N. Y. This is an excel-
lent example of a substantial and attractive
cemeterv enclosure.

This fence contract consisted of some
3,000 lineal feet of iron fence, 78 inches
high, constructed of %-inch scpiare pickets,
2x54-inch steel channel rails, 1-inch square
line posts, with ?4-inch square braces : and
their patent adjustable steel and wrought
malleable iron foundation base set four
feet in the ground.

Albany Rural Cemetery is one of the
most beautiful modern cemeteries in the
state, and the character of the fence both
in massiveness and design is in every way
in keeping with the high ideals of manage-
ment that prevail in this cemetery.

This fence was erected in 1902 by the
Stew'art Iron Works Company of Cincin-
nati, who not only design and build iron
fences for every purpose, but erect their
work for customers, when desired, in any
part of the country.

P A R K

Dreer Specialties

FOR PARKS and CEMETERIES

Roses, Hardy Perennials. Hardy Shrubs, Hardy
C'linibers, Boxwood, Hedge Plaiit.s, Aquatics.
Decorative and Flowering Plants, Bulbs. Flower
Seeds, etc., al.so

Grass SeePs for Every Purpose

We are large producers and will be pleased to
give information, or send our w’holesale pricelist,
to Superintendents of Parks and Cemeteries.
Write about anything needed.

HENRY A. DREER

PHILADELPHIA. PA.

BMulirul ShMlelives

Car-Load Lots

We make a specialty of shade
trees, evergreens and shrubs
for parks, cemeteries, public and ,
private gardens, and country estates.

GET OUR SPECIAL PRISES

on carload lots before placing your
order for fall and winter planting.

TEXAS NURSERY CO.

Desk 22 Sherman, Texas

AMERICAN -GROWN
TREES

Shrubs and

Plants

/^UR ability to .supply
Vv trees, shrubs and
plants of the highest
quality is not curtailed
by the stoppage of foreign
shipments. Buy nursery
stock grown at Andorra.

Andorra

Nurseries

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

Box 150 Our catalog,

rhpqtnnt mn "Suggestions for

^nestnut nm Effective Planting,” ■

xllufl.., Pcrina,. on request.

1,000 CEMETERIES

are using our method for keeping their
records of Burials, Location of Graves,
etc

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of all
forms used in Interment Record Books,
Lot Diagram Books and Index Books,
to fit the needs of any cemetery.

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. :: CHICAGO

REMEMBER tTB WAT£RPROOF\

STEEL NEED NOT RUST! nea.as.PArlerK.
WOOD NEED NOT ROT!

NOR CONCRETE DUST! V

Crawford Mausoleum — Elmenton, Pa.
Built by Memorials Art Company, Inc.
“R. I. W.” Toxement, “R. I. w *’
White Enamel, and No. 232 “R. I.
W.” used to make construction water-
proof.

Permanence as
Necessary as Beauty

have been using Toch
’ ^ Brothers preparations
for some time and have found
them eminently satisfactory in
every respect,” writes the Me-
morials Art Co.

R. I. W.

PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS

are particularly valuable in pre-
serving stone and steel work
erected in Parks and Ceme-
teries.

“R. I. W.” Toxement (patented)
is an integral waterproofing for
concrete vaults and walls.

“R. I. W.” White Enamel is an

ideal ivory, hard finish for in-
terior of vaults and mauso-
leums.

No. 232 “R. I. W.” has no su-
perior for waterproofing out-
side walls and beds of granite.

For valuable descriptive book-
let address Dept. 99.

TOCH BROTHERS

Technical and Scientific
Paint^Makers Since IB48

320 Fifth Avenue, New York

WORKS:

New York; London, Eng.;
Toronto, Can.

P A R K . I N I)

C li M ETER y

301

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eiglitli year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Dex'ice that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19)
years.

SHADE TREES

Write IPS for prices on American Elm, Hack-
herry, Soft Alaple, Catalpa, Poplar, Black Wal-
nut, Box Ifltier and other shade trees in all sizes.

W'e can ship a carload of Iflm and Maple from
Council Bluffs, Iowa ; a carload of 1 lackherry and
Iflm from Mitchell, South Dakota; and all kinds
from Yankton, South Dakota.

Our trees are grown especially for I’ark an 1
Cemetery planting.

GURMEY SEED & NURSERY COMPAN^

Yankton, SOUTH DAKOTA

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
florists are united endorsers of

’S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four dark colors — one quality
only — for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
vdth prices upon request.

Made in .iersey CITY, N. J.. by the

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

D><g^ ESTABLISHED 1827

LOOK— LISTEN

oncrete

or mortar can be mixed better, quicker,
with less expense. Use a

aeger Mixer

[SJow made in small sizes.
I\/lounted on trucks with engine
complete or on skids for
hand power. A profitable
investment that will pay
for itself many times
over each year.

Thousands in use everywhere
Hundreds with parks and
cemeteries.

The Jaeger Machine Co.

312 W. Rich Street
Columbus, Ohio

302

PAR K A N D C EM ET ER F

lllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll)llllllllllllllll!!lllllliyillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliilillill||lll^^

FRIGID Automatic Casket Lowering

and Raising Device

The rElGID Device is as gentle as a mother laying down her babe — as beautiful as a
a piece of jewelry, as strong and sturdy as a giant — and easier to handle than pall bearers.

When the best men buy, they choose the FRIGID, for it would be impossible to have 15
distinct points of superiority without discerning men finding it out.

You can arrange to try the FRIGID Device for a term at no expense to yourself. Write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO.,

217 So. Western Ave.
CHICAGO, ILL.

filllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli!llllllli:i|illlllllllllllllllllll!lll!llillllil!lilllllllli^

THE AUTOMATIC NATURAL SEAL
FOR CONCRETE BURIAL VAULTS

is the only permanent, perfect seal, because it
is sealed by the forces of nature ; l)uilt on a me-
chanical, patented principle that makes nature
seal it : absolutely impervious to moisture.

Does not rust or rot; graves never sink; con-
tents forever protected against the elements.

Ask for our literature explaining the simple
mechanical princii)le that proves these state-
ments, and tells how our steel molds make it
easy for every cemetery to make these vaults.

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

Lf/^p OffpT ^ very complete as-

sortment of all kinds of
Frees., Shrubs, Evergreens , Perennials and
material for Park and Cemetery planting.
We are especially strong in native trees and
shrubs. Send for new spring Catalogue
now ready.

An inspection of our stock invited

The Willadean Nurseries

Sparta, Kentucky

Complete Cemetery Record in One Book

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record,
Lot Diagram Forms and an Index in one book,^ are
widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either
1000 or 2000 interments or less and whose lots are 30 feet
square or less. They contain single letter index, the
Interment Record form and the Four-lots-to-a-Page lot
diagram form ; made in two sizes : Size A — 158 pages,
gives space for records of 1000 interments and diagrams
for 240 lots. Size B — 241 pages, giving a capacity of
2000 burial records and diagrams of 400 lots.

Size A, $6.50; Size B, $8.00.

Add $1.00 to the price of either book and get “Park
and Cemetery” for one year — regular price, $2.00.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 Sooth Clark Street - - CHICAGO

P ARK AND CEMETERY

303

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

CAPABLE YOUNG MAN THOROUGHLY
experienced in cemetery work desires po-
sition as cemetery superintendent. Address
“H," care PARK AND CEMETERY.

CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT, CIVIL
engineei-, conversant with all details of
cemetery management, and at present in
chai'ge of cemetery, would make a change.
Would consider either a new cemetery or an
old one with possibilities foi- improvement;
over draft age. Address “C. E.,” care PARK
, AND CEMETERY.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM -
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to
undertaking profession; three months’ course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information. Worshaw Training School,
G20 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, III.

NO RIF AY MAPLES
ORIENTAL PLANES

AT REDUCED PRICES

Shrewsbury Nurseries,

EATONTOWN, N. J.

Park and Cemetery Superintend-
ents and Orchardisis

For Protection tor Shade and Fruit Trees Use

Elastic Pruning Paint

Saves girdled trees, heals cuts and wounds, prevents
decay, stops bleeding in pruning, cures fungous growth
A Positive and Effectual Remedy for the treat-
ment of Fruit and Shade Trees when damaged.
Use any time of year.

R. G. MENDENHALL ESTATE

Box 300 Kinmundy, 111.

Western Distributing Agent Clark’s Cutaway Tools.
Best Trimmino Tools for Orchard and Park
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties.

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

*f Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD :: NEW JERSEY

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. MEMBER A S. L.A.

Hare & Hare

landscape Architects

604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City, Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4336

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

STONE GRAVE VAULTS

The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

BENJ. E. GAGE

ilanbsicape ^bbisior

Consultation regarding problems of Park and
Cemeteries construction and maintenance.

Room 721, 30 N. La Salle St., Chicago

FRANK H. NUTTER

Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.» Minneapolis, Minn.

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur-
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY, OHIO

CREMATORY

Convenient to all western New York Territory

MT. HOPE CEMETERY

J. W. Keller, Supt. Rochester, N.Y.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers
Firs, Pines, Spruce. Junipers, Hemlocks, etc.,' in
large and small sizes.

PVrite for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

Evergreen Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE, ILL.

Try Onr No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Coila Color at $2.90 Each

Size 1 8 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed PoUery Co.

South Zanesville, Ohio

I\Iade by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680.432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
ZVz-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 7V2 to 12c, 5-in. lO^^ to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, HI.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

w.

SPECIMEN
64 YEARS.

Sc T. SmiTH CO/WRANV

GEINE\//\, INE\A7 YORK!

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
IN SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE ANO ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ACRES

Park and Cemetery Entrances and Fences

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Kockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

1 he Van Dorn Iron fVorks Company - CleveU

THE “PEERLESS” HORSE LAWN MOWER GRINDER

The Only Machine
of the Kind On
the Market

Here is what the world has l)een
looking for — a machine for grind-
ing HORSE and POWER Lawn
Ho'wers as well as Hand Mowers.
Made by the same people who have
made the famous "Ideal” Hand
Mower Grinders for so many years,
lienee is an assured success. Width,
48 inches lietween the frames. Will
grind the Reel Knives and Straight
Blade of all 40-inch Horse and
Power Lawn Flowers. Will grind
,30-inch Pony I. awn Alowers and
all Hand Grinders without remov-
ing reel-kni\-es.

WRITE TODAY for catalog of
this wonderful machine. It not only
saves time and money, lint does the
iwork far lietter than it can possibly
; be done 1)}' hand. NEEDED P>'i
EVERY PARK AND CEMETERY.
Also makers of the "Ideal” Hand
Lawn Mower Grinder.

THE ROOT-HEATH MFC. CO.

SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE

Transplanting' Large Trees — Refining' the Two-Piece
“Job” — Cemetery Laws and Decisions of Indiana —

Plans and Development of New Cemeteries.

ARTISTIC DESIGN OF WROUGHT IRON ENTRANCE GATES AND I.ANTBRNS.
An appropriate entrance to cemetery, park or private grounds.

THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

See page 322

3o6

PARK AND CEMETERY

FRIGID Automatic Casket Lowering

and Raising Device

The frigid Device is as gentle as a mother laying down her babe — as beautiful as a
a piece of jewelry, as strong and sturdy as a giant — and easier to handle than pall bearers.

When the best men buy, they choose the FRIGID, for it would be impossible to have 15
distinct points of superiority without discerning men finding it out.

You can arrange to try the FRIGID Device for a term at no expense to yourself. Write us.

FRIGID FLUID CO.,

217 So. Western Ave.
CHICAGO, ILL.

THE AUTOMATIC SEALING
CONCRETE BURIAL VAULT

is easy to sell to your lot holders because it is made
absolutely impervious to moisture by a simple, natural
principle that you can explain to purchasers in five
minutes.

Our perfect steel molds and complete directions
make it easy for you to build a profitable vault busi-
ness with your patrons, add revenue to the cemetery
funds and keep your labor profitably employed dur-
ing idle times.

Ask for our literature, explaining the principles of
construction of this vault and our method of helping
you build a vault business.

AUTOMATIC SEALING VAULT CO.

24 E. River Street Peru, Indiana

Save Expense on Parkway
Maintenance

Cut the cost of weeding and repairing paths. Keep
your driveways clean, sightly, and free from dust,
by using

SOLVAY

GRANULATED

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Parks and Cemeteries find that it costs less per year than
any other method.

A few applications a season are sufficient to keep paths and
driveways in excellent shape all the year, preventing dust or
4 sloppy, muddy surface.

Solvay Granulated Calcium Chloride is unquestionably the
most economical and satisfactory dust preventive and road
binder.

SEMET- SOLVAY CO.

400 Milton Ave.

SOLVAY, N. Y.

BUY WAR SAVINGS STAMPS

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

307

Beauty and Endurance

In Georgia Marble
is found a trans-
lucent beauty
combined with an
enduring sound-
ness. It possesses
strength, durability
and wonderful pos-
sibilities for the
execution of artistic
creations.

Georgia Marble,
because of the close
interlocking of its
crystals and the
density of its struc-
ture, its preserva-
tion of artistic detail
and the everlasting-
ness of its beauty,
is an ideal material
for cemetery
memorials.

THE AVII.COX MEMORIAL, AT HORICON, WIS.

Material. Georgia Marble. Size.s: Cap, 2-6 % x2-6 % xl-1 ; Column, 12-2x2-5x2-5;
Rase, 2-9xS-yx0-0 ; Bottom base, 8-OxS-Oxi-O; Total height, 15-0.

Cemetery superintendents will line! some-
thing' of interest in every issue of our
monthly mag'azine. It is mailed free on re-
quest. Send us your name and address.

THE GEORGIA MARBLE COMPANY

Tate, Georgia

3o8

PARK A N D C E M ET ER V

GENUINE

PHILADELPHIA

“GRAHAM” ALL STEEL— Practically
Indestructible

LAWN MOWERS

The first Side Wheel
Mowers made — 1869

THE ORIGINAL

THE OLDEST

THE BEST

For 49 years the STANDARD
by which all other makes are
measured.

STYLE “A” ALL STEEL— Practically
Indestructible

In buying lawn mowers for this season, be sure and purchase the “ GENUINE PHILADELPHIA.”
22 ^2 styles Hand Mowers to choose from, ^5 styles of Horse Mowers, styles Motor Mowers, Golf
Mowers, Lawn Sweepers and Collectors. A mower for every purpose.

MAKERS OF HIGHEST GRADE LAWN MOWERS EXCLUSIVELY
HALF A CENTURY DOING ONE THING WELL Catalog on Request

THE PHILADELPHIA LAWN MOWER COMPANY

31st and Chestnut Streets

PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A.

The Austin Motor Kerosene Road Roller

Seven-fon Austin Macadam Roller owned by Calvary Cemetery, New Yorl: City

Austin Motor Rollers are built in Macadam and Tandem types and in sizes ranging from 5 to 15
tons. Prominent Cemeteries throughout the country use them and appreciate their cleanliness in
work, economy in operation, ability to start on a moment’s notice and the absence of objectionable
features associated with steam rollers such as coal and ash, smoke and soot damage to trees and
monuments.

Amongst numerous users are — *

Uniondale Cemetery, Pittsburgh Oakwoods Cemetery, Chicago

Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit St. Adalbert’s Cemetery, Chicago

Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis Chas. Evans Cemetery, Reading

Calvary Cemetery, New York Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia

THE AUSTIN-WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY CO., Chicago

BRANCH OFFICES:

New York Portland, Ore. St. Paul Atlanta Salt Lake City Memphis

Dallas San Francisco Los Angeles Columbus, Ohio Wahoo, Nebr.

We mamifaotiire a complete line of earth handling, rock crushing and road making machinery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

and LANDSCAPE GARDENING

ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET. CHICAGO
H. C. WHITAKER. President O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS; United Slates and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50; threeyears, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries,
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month.

Vol. XXVII. No. 12.

FEBRUARY, 1918.

EDITORIAL

PARK REPORTS.

A leading landscape architect in a
letter to a park board calls forcible at-
tention to the value of a systematic
study and expert reports on park af-
fairs, and summarizes some things that
make for park efficiency in a series of
pertinent questions as follows :

"Have you ever gone over the physi-
cal properties under your control
guided in your search for permanent
betterment of conditions by an expert
in park matters ?

"Have you ever had your attention
called to the unjustified wastes in ma-
terials and labor which might be saved?

"Have you questioned your foreman
in the way which would determine his
fitness for the job?

"Do your books show at the end of
your fiscal year what you really want
to know ?

"Are you satisfied that the money
spent is bringing the proper returns in
general improvements and upkeep that
it should?

"Are you ready to try and remedy
some of the things which you probabl}'
realize do exist but do not know just
what to do to apply the remedy?"

A report on conditions as they actu-
ally are and suggestions for the remedy-
ing of any matters which are not going
right is the first step toward orderly
management of park affairs. One Park
District saved ten times the cost of a
report in a year on supplies alone. An-
other where taxes amounted to only
$7,500.00 a year saved five times the
charge in labor items alone, and another
by adopting a plan and budget system
now are beginning to improve the parks
where before it took all the taxes for
upkeep alone.

BETTER CEMETERY
MONUMENTS.

In the illustrations of the better
types of monuments illustrated last
month and in this issue, there is encour-
aging evidence that we are gradually
fashioning our common everyday monu-
ments into something of respectability
in proportions and refinement in decor-
ation. It is by a gradual refinement of
stock forms that we make progress to
better things. The monumental tablet
type still holds strongest favor, both

in its upright and horizontal styles, and
some really new and noteworthy types
in the "garden” or vase memorial are
becoming standard. We still have some-
thing to learn in the matter of lettering.
The huge billboard letters still shout
the family name and spoil many g(jod
dies, and decoration is often out of
place or overdone.

Our stock forms are being designed
in better proportions and with more
appropriate decoration. Older stock
forms of the junk variety are being
either abandoned or refined into more
nearly correct lines. While the artis-
tic monstrosities erected years ago are
still unfortunately much in evidence in
the cemeteries, the higher general aver-
age of quality in the work erected
within the last few years is evident.
This naturally suggests the thought
that there will come a time in the future
when some of the more hideous forms
now in the cemeteries will be replaced
by modern monuments. Some day lot
holders who have the means will be
susceptible to the idea of erecting mon-
uments of modern artistic style to take
the place of the out-of-date stock
forms that now disfigure their lots.
People tear down old houses whose
architecture is out of date and erect
new and finer homes. They discard the
automobile of several years ago as junk
and invest in more modern and beauti-
ful types. Then why not erect more
beautiful, more artistic and more mod-
ern monuments to take the place of the
old ones? A substantial monument busi-
ness will some day be built by advertis-
ing and educating the lot owners to
replace old and antiquated types of
monuments with modern artistic w'orks.

IMPROVEMENT ASSO-
CIATION WORK.

The question has often been asked
how can an Improvement Association
whose interest lies entirely in a re-
stricted area become more efficient in
the discharge of its responsibilities
towards its members, that is, in the mat-
ter of improvements which have to do
with the physical aspects of the district
having of course nothing to do with
individual business interests, such as
credit rating.

Have you ever considered what might
be done in your district, for instance
in the general improvement of the park-

ways by planting trees, or in the matter
of enlisting the property owners in a
concerted effort to make their plantings
in the front lawns conform to a pre-
arranged scheme?

Have you e\er considered that the
trees in your district should he taken
care of in a way of trimming, spray-
ing, etc. ?

Have you ever considered that you
might increase your membership very
materially if your Association were to
take up some line which would interest
not only the business men of your
community, but also those who own
property there, but whose business in-
terests lie elsewhere?

Have you ever considered having a
report made by someone familiar with
these things outlining in a general way
the conditions as they at present exist
and what activities might be taken up
for the future?

Such a report and a plan of work
are the first necessities to efficient im-
provement association work.

NATIONAL PARK PROGRESS

If anyone doubts the success of the
movement to develop our national parks,
he has only to examine the record for
the season just passed. There were peo-
ple, many thousands of them, who pre-
dicted that the immense forward stride
of national parks popularity which be-
gan in 1915 would lapse into a limp
with the coming of the first war sum-
mer. Some of these thousands doubted
whether the national parks would even
be opened : in fact, many such inquiries
were made of the Department of the In-
terior during the spring. The fact is
that Secretary Lane’s prediction at that
time that park patronage would fully
equal last year’s has been more than ful-
filled ; the first summer of war brought
to the national parks an increase which
far exceeded the dreams of the most
optimistic. The season of 1917 regis-
tered an increase in national parks pat-
ronage more than ,3(i per cent in ad-
vance of the season of 191(1. In num-
bers, 487, HGS persons visited our na-
tional parks this last season, as against
358,000 the season before, itself a rec-
ord season. In numbers, the increased
patronage amounted to 129,362 persons.
And this in a war summer, with the na-
tion’s eyes fixed intently upon the east-
ern trenches !

310

PARK AND CEMETERY

The Tr ansplanting of

The increased knowledge of, and expe-
rience in, moving large trees has resulted
in a large degree of success and safety,
enabling the immediate production of ef-
fects in landscape plantings which other-
wise could only be attained at the end of
a long period of years. The appreciation
of the effects thus rapidly produced has
proven a strong stimulus in the develop-
ment of this branch of horticulture, and
at the present time many landscape gar-
deners and nurserymen are successfully
moving trees 18-24 inches in diameter and

30-50 feet high. In order to achieve the
desired results emphasis must he laid upon
possession of proper equipment, thorough
knowledge of tree structure, its require-
ments, and time of moving of specific in-
dividuals, as well as provision for thor-
ough drainage for the newly transplanted
trees.

The accompanying illustrations and de-
scriptive matter from a recent bulletin of
the Missouri Botanical Garden offer many
valualde suggestions to tree movers.

Large trees are moved either by digging
them with a large ball of earth in which
many fibrous roots are contained or by
loosening the majority of the roots to their
full length and lifting the tree without
any soil. The deciduous trees may be
moved in either manner, but the evergreens
can be transplanted successfully only by
digging with a large ball, due to the fact
that they are never actually dormant. The
former are best moved during their dor-
mant season, in the fall, winter, or spring,
depending upon the different kinds. For
an example, it is not advisable to move
sweet-gum (Liquidambar styracidtia) , tu-
lip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), various
magnolias, holly (Ilex opaca), bald cy-
press (Taxodium distichum), etc., in the
fall or winter, because in order to thrive
these trees must start new growth imme-
diately upon transplanting. On the other
hand, elms (Ldmus), maples (Acer), oaks
(Quercus), ashes (Fraxinus), etc., may

be moved at any time during the dormant
period. The evergreens may be moved
either early in the spring or early in the
fall, though successful transplanting has
been accomplished at other times of the
year. In fact, with great and painstaking
care both the deciduous trees and the ever-
greens may be moved while in the full
growing condition during the summer.

There are several ways of moving trees
with a ball. A number of different tree-
moving machines are employed, or for lack
of these a stone wagon may be used for

medium-sized trees. The ball of the tree
is dug in accordance with the specific re-
quirements of the machine in use. The
operations involved for one type of ma-
chine are as follows : A heavy truck with
a boom or pole attached (often called “the
gun" ) is lashed to the tree by means of
chains, which are tightened with a ratchet
attachment, the tree having been previously
padded with straw bags at points of fasten-
ing. At the bottom of the truck is located
a step-like structure which fits into a trench
dug 2 feet away from the trunk of the
tree and acts as a brace in bringing the
tree out of the hole into a horizontal posi-
tion. This arrangement necessitates the
digging of an uneven ball which is only
2 feet wide on one side while it may be
8-10 feet on the other. Care should be
taken to leave all fibrous roots, cutting only
the largest which are likely to extend a
considerable distance out. It is sometimes
well to prepare the trees beforehand, in
June, b}' trimming and cutting the roots at
a proper distance from the trunk. These
roots heal over and fill the ball with nu-
merous fibres. The growth is further stim-
ulated by application of manure or com-
mercial fertilizers. Artificial watering
must be resorted to, however, if the tree
is to remain healthy and vigorous.

After the trench is dug to a depth of 2
feet and the boom of the truck attached,
the tree is ready for tilting out of the hole.
This is done by means of a block and pul-

Large Trees

ley arrangement attached to the boom and
either to another tree or a "dead man”
(made by sinking a log 2-3 feet in the
ground, bracing it with iron rods, attach-
ing a chain to which the pulley is later
hooked, and tamping the soil thoroughly).
The power is supplied either by a team of
horses or by a windlass. As the tree is
gradually lifted out of its original place,
some of the subsoil is removed from the
bottom with round-tined forks, while the
wheels of the truck are blocked to prevent
slipping. As soon as tilting to a horizontal
position is accomplished a heavy platform
is attached to the truck, underneath the
ball, and to another truck with a tongue,
the entire apparatus ser^•ing the function
of a low wagon, the truck with the boom
and - the tree constituting the rear end,
while the platform acts as the body of the
wagon. In this fashion the tree may be
transported conveniently to its destined
position. The hole for the tree should be
dug somewhat larger in diameter than the
ball, but no deeper, as the original depth of
the roots must be secured. If the subsoil
is of hard pan or heavy clay extremely re-
tentive of moisture, a tile drain should be
laid a foot below the bottom of the hole
to provide proper drainage. If this is
neglected death of the tree may result, due
to excessive moisture causing acidity of
the soil and subsequent rotting of the roots.
If it is impracticable to lay a tile drain a
makeshift arrangement may be made by
scooping out a hole at one side of the tree
hole and running a tile pipe to the surface,
through w'hich the excess water may be
pumped out as rapidly as it accumulates.
Poor drainage may be ameliorated also by
breaking up the subsoil with 3-4 charges of
V2 stick each of 20-40 per cent dynamite.

As soon as the hole is ready, two stout
planks are placed over the opening at the
same distance apart as the w'heels of the
front truck. The tree mover is then driven
over these planks just far enough to place
the ball in the exact position where it is to
remain. The wheels of the back truck are
blocked, the boom is again connected with
a block and pulley to a convenient post or
tree, while the front truck with the board
forming the body are detached and the
planks taken up. This leaves the tree at-
tached to the boom of the back truck at the
edge of the hole, into which it is lowered
by means of block and pulley, the boom
later being disconnected and removed.
Good soil should be filled around the roots,
well tamped, and watered to produce close
contact between the feeding roots and the
enveloping soil particles which is so neces-
sary for proper re-establishment of the
tree. Generally, for the first year or two,
it is necessary to anchor trees to prevent
blowing over and to wrap the trunk with
straw rope to avoid excessive transpiration

PREPARING TO MOVE A LARGE TREE.

THE BALL OF AN 18-INCH TREE DUG.

THE REAR AXLE WITH BOOM AND BACK STEP.

THE TREE ilOVED TO THE HOLE.

IN POSITION OVER THE HOLE. READY TO
DETACH PLATFORM AND FRONT TRUCK.

31^

and consequent drying out of the bark. A
mulch of manure is desirable around the
trunk to conserve moisture and furnish
food. Pruning back 5-8 feet in all direc-
tions is important in order to restore the
equilibrium between the roots and trunk,
which is invariably disturbed because of
the loss of numerous roots in transplant-
ing.

Another machine used in tree moving
operates in a somewhat different manner.
It consists of a hind axle 12 feet long, with
broad-tired wheels, a narrow front axle,
and a frame made of 20-foot timbers which
are braced to the hind axle wdth 10-foot
three-by-fives. Tw'o rollers are inserted
into the top of the frame with a wdndlass
at one end, by means of which the tree
may be raised or lowered with large ropes
passing over the rollers to the windlas,«-
The tree is dug with a symmetrical ball and
then tipped so as to permit of passing a
heavy rope around a few of the large roots,
leaving the ends of the rope turned up to
be used later in lifting the tree. Another
rope is passed in a similar manner on the
other side, while 4 guy ropes are attached
to the upper part of the trunk to keep it
upright. The front part of the machine is
then removed, the frame with the hind
wheels placed around the trunk, and the
front axle replaced. The back wheels are
braced wdth timbers to aid in drawing the
tree aw'ay. The ends of the rope which
was fastened around the roots are now
passed over the roller to the windlass, the
tree slowly lifted so that it hangs within
the frame, and the four gu\' ropes are at-
tached to a boom underneath the frame and
to the front part of the machine. Inside
of the frame 4 rope loops are made fast,
being so placed that by passing a rope
around the trunk and through these, a ring
is made wdiich wull keep the trunk in the
middle and prevent bruising against the
frame or the rollers. The tree is low'ered
into its new hole in exactly the reverse
manner. In moving by this method it mav
be necessary to tip the tree liackward in
passing obstructions.

Moving trees upon a stone wagon is a
simple operation, necessitating wrapping
the ball in burlap and sliding it up out of
the hole on to the l)ottom of the wagon by
means of rollers placed on a wooden in-
cline with a block and pulley arrangement.

The newest method of moving the larger
trees growing in sandy soils involves the
painstaking process of dissecting practical-
ly all of the roots to a diameter of ;i0-4h
feet (for a tree 18-20 inches in diameter)
and lifting them with extreme patience and
skill to avoid breaking or loruising. The
start is made where the roots are 1 inch
thick, digging a trench 2-3 feet deep, loos.-
ening the soil down from the roots with
round-pointed tines, picking out the roots
and tying them in bundles. This operation
is continued until a ball about 0-8 feet wide

PARK AND CEMETERY

remains. This ball will vary in size, how-
ever, depending upon the size of the ma-
chine and the kind of tree. The exposed
roots should be wrapped with hay or straw
and covered with burlap to prevent drying
out and bruising during transportation. It
is fairly safe to leave the larger roots ex-
posed for a day, as those 14 inch or more
in diameter will not be dried out to any ex-
tent within that time. The trees are lifted
upon trucks or skids with a tackle, and
placed in a horizontal position liy means of
a cradle attached to the front axle, the
bundles of roots being held suspended by
arms radiating from a wooden hoop around
the trunk. Cushions of straw, burlap, and
slats should always be used around the
trunk at point of contact with tackle chains
or ropes. The most important precaution
in planting a tree moved in this manner is
to avoid a greater depth than the original.
The soil should be tamped well with round
sticks, thoroughly watered, and the trees
well anchored to deep anchor posts. A
mulch, as well as wrapping of the trunk,
is very essential to keep down excessive
evaporation.

Successful transplanting of evergreens
requires the retention of a ball of soil
around the roots, the size of the ball vary-
ing from 3 to 15 feet in diameter, depend-
ing upon the size of the tree as well as the
compactness of the root system. Root
pruning and frequent transplanting of
evergreens is desirable if a fibrous, com-
pact root system is to be obtained. The
hall is dug, carrying the larger roots 3-4
feet beyond it and bending these back
around the ball. A canvas or burlap strip
2-3 feet wide is then placed around the

mass of soil and drawn taut by means of
ropes running through rings at the bottom
and top of the canvas. The bottom rope
is tightened with a wooden lever containing
4 holes through which the rope is passed
and the lever turned. The top rope is tied
and crossed. As soon as the burlap is fas-
tened the ball is completely severed from
the subsoil, and a platform placed under
by tipping. The ball is then fastened to the
platform and drawn out of the hole and on
to a low wagon upon rollers and skids.
The unloading is performed in the reverse
manner, with the platform drawn into the
hole and there detached and pulled out
from under the tree. The canvas is then
taken off, the outer roots spread out, and
new soil tamped in. Shading of the trees
and frequent watering will insure a greater
degree of success, as the ball of soil with
its roots dries out very rapidly. In Cali-
fornia, when moving orange trees, great
care is used to prevent drying out. The
leaves are stripped, while the branches are
tied in burlap and kept moist constantly.
It is claimed to be a sure sign of failure if
the flowers appear upon the trees the same
year, while the appearance of new foliage
without flowers spells success.

Trees may be transplanted during the
winter with a frozen ball. In the fall a
mulch of manure is placed around the tree
2-3 feet wider than the proposed ball.
After the advent of freezing weather the
mulch is removed and the ball dug grad-
ually, allowing it to freeze. In this man-
ner the tree is easily moved, providing a
similar mulch has been placed over the new
location to insure easy digging and a favor-
able planting condition.

Books and Publications

“Spraying for Profit," the popular little
handbook of spraying operations by. How-
ard Evarts Weed, of Beaverton, Ore., has
just been revised and issued in its 22d edi-
tion. The hook has been rewritten and
brought down to date in this 1917 issue,
and is still the same compact and useful
little manual. The book was first issued
in 1899 and over 250,000 copies have been
published in the several editions since
then. While much matter has been added
in this present edition it still retains its
compact coat-pocket size, and its simple,
practical character as a handbook of com-
plete spraying principles. It is published
by the Horticultural Publishing Co. of
Cleveland, and sells for 25 cents.

“An Introduction to the Study of Land-
scape Design,” by Henry Vincent Hub-
bard, assistant professor of Landscape
Architecture, Harvard University, and
Theodora Kimball, librarian. School of
Landscape Architecture, Harvard Uni-
versity, has just been issued in handsome
typographic form. The landscape archi-

Reviewed

tect's training, like that of other profes-
sional artists, should consist of two things:
his accumulation of actual experience,
and the organization of his mind so that,
in attacking each new problem, he may
proceed effectively from a comprehension
of all its factors, economic and aesthetic,
to the best solution possible under the cir-
cumstances. No book already published
covers this second field adequately for
modern needs, and the present one should
therefore aid the young designer in mak-
ing the fullest use of his experience, and
stimulate the man who seeks a similar
power of organized analysis purely for his
own appreciation of landscape lieauty.
The volume offers a working theory of
landscape design, discusses the elements
of such design, and applies this theory to
the most important problems. The illus-
trations, made especially for the book,
consist of pen and ink drawings and pho-
tographs, exemplifying effective composi-
tions, both natural and designed. The
work sells for $0.00 and is published by
The Macmillan Company of New York.

Indiana

The following abstract of the cemetery
laws of Indiana, specially prepared for the
readers of Park and Cemetery, is pre-
sented to Indiana cemetery men as con-
taining data worthy of preservation, on ac-
count of the references made to specific
statutes and court decisions affecting burial
grounds in their state. The article may hold
interest to those not living on Hoosier soil
as offering a study of legislative measures
relating to the care of cemeteries.

The recently adjourned session of the
Indiana legislature left two new laws on
the statute books. Acts c. 73, pro-

vides ‘‘that no board of trustees or other
governing body or custodian controlling
any cemetery in this state, shall refuse to
allow the setting up of markers for the
graves of deceased soldiers in its grounds :
Provided, That such markers shall conform
to the standard markers furnished by the
United States government for marking the
graves of deceased soldiers of the United
States army.'’ Violation of the law is pun-
ishable by a fine from $5 to $25.

CEMETERY CARE AND M.^NAGEMENT

As amended by Acts 1917, c. 122, Acts
1915, c. 143 adds the following provisions
. to the Indiana laws ;

The county commissioners of any county
are “reciuired and authorized to receive
from any person or persons a deposit or
legacy of money to be held in trust in per-
petuity or for such period as the donor or
testator shall designate in writing, the in-
terest of which shall be used for the pur-
pose of keeping in good condition any
abandoned cemetery or any public or in-
corporated cemetery, or any lot or lots,
monuments, mausoleums, vaults or other
burial structures in any cemetery of the
state.” The commissioners must not expend
more than the interest of such funds. "No
such trust shall be accepted by the county
commissioners, the initial amount of which
shall be less than $100.'’ Provision is made
for lending of such trust funds by the
county auditor at the same rate of interest
and in the same manner that common
school funds are invested. "The loans shall
be made in the name of the trust to which
it belongs ; but the county auditor may
combine the money belonging to two or
more trusts in one loan, by taking a sepa-
rate note for each fund, all secured by one
mortgage.”

The county auditor is charged with strict
responsibility in collecting the principal and
interest under such investments. The coun-
ty is also made liable for the “preservation
of the principal and the payment of the in-
terest on such fund.”

The fund may be deposited with the
commissioners of the county in which the
cemetery is located or in the county adjoin-
ing the same and nearest thereto.

“.The county auditor shall make distribu-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

Cemetery

tion of the interest accrued on any ceme-
tery fund or funds on the last Monday of
January of each year and to the following
person or persons: To the township trus-
tees of the township in which an aband-
oned or unincorporated cemetery is located,
provided that such cemetery be located on
a county line or on a civil township line,
then the trustee whose township lies on the
east or south of such cemetery shall have
charge of the cemetery and shall receive
the money from the county auditor having
the fund or funds in trust: To the treas-
urer of any board of directors of any in-
corporated cemetery. The township trus-
tee and the treasurer of said board of
directors shaW each take a receipt or
voucher for any money paid out stating the
amount paid out, the purpose for which
expended and the fund from which it
came.” The receipts and vouchers must be
filed with the county auditor on or before
Jan. 1 following, for examination and ap-
proval of the commissioners.

All laws inconsistent with the new one
are repealed, except that "it shall in no
wise affect a becpiest, legacy or endowment
now in the hands of the board of directors
of any incorporated cemetery, or which
may hereafter come into their hands in
accordance with the law made and provided
for such cases.”

ANNEXING UNINCORPORATED CEMETERIES

Whenever there is a plotted unincorpo-
rated cemetery adjoining or contiguous to
an incorporated cemetery, the former may
be included within the latter on petition in
writing signed by a majority of those own-
ing lots in the unincorporated cemetery,
the petition being filed with the directors of
the incorporated cemetery.

On including the unincorporated ceme-
tery, the incorporated association may levy
an assessment against each lot therein to
provide a fund with which to maintain the
lots. If such assessment be not paid within
the time fixed by the association’s by-law,
“then such incorporated cemetery shall
have the right to sell any lot or half lot
which is not occupied by any grave to
satisfy such unpaid assessments,” after first
giving thirty days’ notice of intention to
make such sale. If the lot owner’s address
be known, the notice must be sent to him
in writing ; otherwise the notice may be
given by publication in “some newspaper
of general circulation printed and published
in the county where said cemetery is lo-
cated once each week for a period of two
weeks, that at the expiration of thirty days
from the date of the publication of the last
notice” the sale will be made, unless the
assessments be paid within the prescribed
thirty days.

But an incorporated cemetery which has
taken over an unincorporated one, as above
provided, “may, instead of levying the as-

313

Laws

sessment, * * * receive a fixed amount from
any lot owner * * * in full satisfaction of
all future assessments against such lot of
said owner for the upkeep and maintenance
of the same. Such money so received shall
be held by said cemetery association as a
fund for the upkeep and maintenance of
such lot and shall be invested by said ceme-
tery association and the income only shall
be expended in the care of the lots upon
whose accounts such fixed sum was paid.’’

By express provision, it is declared that
the foregoing mentioned provisions relating
to the taking over of unincorporated
grounds by incorporated associations shall
not apply to burial grounds in which inter-
ments have been forbidden by city ordi-
nance or condemned by any local or state
board of health,

OFFENSES AGAINST CEMETERIES

Taking up the codified cemetery statutes
in the order in which they appear in
Burns’ Annotated Indiana Statutes, 1914,
the following mentioned sections refer to
that compilation :

Sec. 2309. — One who wilfully, mischiev-
ously, or maliciously disfigures, defaces or
removes a tombstone or other structure
erected to the memory of a deceased per-
son or event, or who so interferes with any
fence, railing, structure or other work in or
around any public or private monument,
cemetery, or burial place, or any tree, shrub
or plant therein, is subject to a fine of
from $5 to $■500, to which may be added im-
prisonment in the county jail not e.xceeding
six months.

INCORPORATION OF .ASSOCIATIONS

Secs. 4286, 4291. — Any numuer of per-
sons, not less than three, may associate
themselves “to purchase and hold suitable
grounds for the burial of the dead with the
power of ornamenting and protecting the
same or to take possession of any property
dedicated and used for public cemetery pur-
poses in which no person, firm, association
or corporation has any equitable interest
and over which no person, firm, association
or corporation or public authority has any
lawful control, to be controlled, regulated
and managed in such manner as shall be
set forth in the articles of association,”
Sections 4286-4.359q, containing provisions
common to different classes of* voluntary
associations, should be consulted for de-
tailed provisions relating to the formation
and existence of such associations.

ACQUISITION OF GROUNDS

Secs. 4341-4344. — Associations formed
under act of Feb. 12, 1855, are authorized
to acquire title and hold “any lands which
for the period of five years prior to applica-
tion for title shall have been used as a
public place of burial for deceased persons.
“The amount of lands that may be so ac-
quired shall be all that is occupied by

314

graves at the time of application for title
to the same, and so much in addition there-
to as may reasonably be necessary for their
proper ornament, and to protect them from
desecration : and for convenient ingress and
egress to and from said lands, and, in addi-
tion thereto, such reasonable quantity of
adjoining lands as the public convenience
of the neighborhood may from time to time
require for burial purposes. In case of dis-
agreement as to the quantity of land to be
so acquired, or as to its value, provision is
made for a determination by the township
trustee, and recording of his certificate with
the county recorder.

INCORPOR.VTING EXISTING GROUNDS

Sec. 4433. — “Whenever a majority of the
persons resident in any county, owning
burial lots in any cemetery (public or pri-
\ ate ) therein, hereafter laid out and record-
ed. or now laid out and recorded, and in
which a portion of the lots, thus laid out,
are occupied for the Inirial of the dead
( which fact may lie shown by affidavit of
one of the owmers thereof), desire to have
the same incorporated, they may petition
the board of commissioners of the county
wherein such cemetery is situated.” Provi-
sion is made for the time and place of
filing the petition, its contents, and the
giving of notice of its hearing, etc.

Sec. 4434. — If the steps are all regular,
the county commissioners must grant the
petition, designating the number of direct-
ors to be chosen, not less than three nor
more than nine, and prescribing then, where
and how' they shall be selected.

Sec. 4435. — In electing directors, each lot
owner is entitled to cast one vote for each
lot owned by him. A majority of votes de-
termines the election, and a certificate of
election is to be filed with the county re-
corder. The directors’ term of office is two
years, and until their successors qualify.
Vacancies are filled by the remaining di-
rectors. Biennial elections are required,
under such regulations as may be made
from time to time.

Sec. 443(i. — The directors must choose a
president, vice president, secretary and
treasurer, and such other officers as in their
judgment are necessary, whose duties, pow-
ers and obligations the directors may regu-
late. “Such directors are empowered to
assess, levy and collect such assessments on
the lots of any cemetery incorporated under
this act, for the purpose of improving,
maintaining, protecting and enlarging its
boundaries, beautifying its grounds or for
enhancing its convenience, as in their judg-
ment are desirable. Such assessments may
be collected b}- suit or sale of lots on which
assessments have not l)een paid, according
to the regulations made and ordered by
said directors.” But assessments totalling
more than twenty per cent of the value of
a lot must not be made in any one year.

Sec. 4437. — Incorporation is complete on
filing of certificate of election of directors
and officers and recording of the associa-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

tion’s seal with the county recorder. One
person may hold more than one office in
such association unless duties conflict. The
directors may make such additions to ceme-
tery grounds, laying the same out into lots,
as interest may demand.

Sec. 4437a. — Legalizes existence and pow-
ers of associations w'hich have existed for
thirty years or more, notwithstanding de-
fects in their organizations, declaring that
the lot owmers may continue as an associa-
tion, with all the rights and powers of a
regularly organized association, including
the pow'er to condemn additional lands ;
and validates all conveyances made to such
defectively organized associations.

TOWNSHIP trustees’ DUTIES.

Sec. 4438. — Cemeteries within townships,
when abandoned and not under the control
of an organization, association or individ-
ual bound to care for the same, shall he
under the care and supervision of the town-
ship trustee.

Sec. 4439. — He must keep such grounds
in "respectable condition, by fencing, wh'n
there is no fence, by keeping the weeds,
briars and lirush mow'ed and cleaned np."

CONVEYING COUNTY CEMETERIES.

Secs. 4439, 444tl. — Where a majority of
persons residing in a county, being heads
of families whose dead are buried in a
cemetery under control of the county com-
missioners, shall, either themselves or with
others, form a cemetery corporation, the
commissioners, on petition of such persons,
may convey the cemetery to such associa-
tion. The petitioners must furnish bond to
keep the cemetery in good order and to
honestly and faithfully manage the same.
“Such cemetery association may thereafter
hold and control such cemetery, ornament,
beautify, and improve the same, and pur-
chase additions and sell lots therein, and
assess all lots therein for the care, im-
provement, maintaining, and beautifying of
such cemetery ; and, for such purpose, it
shall have all the powers and authority
heretofore by law vested in any association
organized under any statute of this state
for the purpose of maintaining or manag-
ing cemeteries.”

COMBIN.XTION OF .\SSOCI ATIONS.

Secs. 444l)a-4449e. — When the lands of
two or more cemetery associations are
contiguous, they may unite under one cor-
poration for the management of such cem-
eteries. Petitions for consolidation are
filed with the county commissioners, and
notice of hearing thereon published in a
new'spaper. On proper showing, the com-
missioners must order the consolidation
under the new name adopted by the merg-
ing associations. New directors are elected
by joint action of the directors of the con-
solidated associations to serve for the first
year, after which directors are to be cho-
sen as in the case of other associations.
Each lot owner of the old associations au-
tomatically becomes a member in the new

corporation, which succeeds to all of the
rights of the associations merged. The
treasurer of the new corporation receives
from the old treasurers the funds belong-
ing to their associations respectively.
improvement of APPRO.ACHES and GROUNDS.

Sec. 4441. — Cemetery authorities are au-
thorized to use proceeds of lot sales and
assessments to improve approaches or roads
to their cemeteries, not exceeding a dis-
tance of one-half mile from the cemetery.

Secs. 4441a, 4441b. — “It is hereby made
the duty of every corporation, organiza-
tion, association or individual owning and
having the control of any public cemetery
located in any township in this state to
keep the same in a respectable condition
by fencing where there is no sufficient fence
and by keeping the fences in good repair
and by keeping the weeds mowed.” Viola-
tion of this requirement is punishable by a
fine of not more than $100 for each year
the cemetery is neglected.

CONDEMNING LAND FOR CEMETERY PURPOSES.

Sec. 4442. — “Whenever in the opinion of
the common council of any city or the
board of trustees of any incorporated town,
or the trustees of any corporation, owning
or controlling a public cemetery, or * * *
desiring to own or control a public ceme-
tery, where such grounds have not been
theretofore appropriated, or set apart by
the owners by platting for public cemetery
purposes, in any county in Indiana, it be-
comes necessary to purchase such real
estate for cemetery uses, such common
council or such trustees may file a petition
in the circuit court of said county, asking
for the appointment of appraisers to ap-
praise and assess the value of said real
estate. * * * Where any cemetery soci-

ety has heretofore regularly caused its.
articles of association to be recorded in
either of the miscellaneous mortgages or
deeds records of its county, such organiza-
tion is hereby legalized.”

(The power of the legislature to so pro-
vide for the condemnation of land for
cemetery purposes was upheld by the In-
diana Supreme Court in the case of Fame-
man vs. Mt. Pleasant Association, 135 Ind.
344, 35 N. E. 271.)

Secs. 4443, 4444. — The owners of the real
estate to be appropriated must be given ten
days’ notice of the pendency of the petition,
and then the court may appoint three free-
holders, residents of the township in which
the land lies, to make the appraisal. Pro-
visions are made for taking of oath by ap-
praisers, examination of the land, and re-
port of the appraisement made.

investment of funds.

Sec. 4445. — Incorporated cemetery asso-
ciations “may from time to time loan so
much of their funds as may be deemed
advisable; and it shall be lawful for such
cemetery association, with other securities
provided by their articles of association, to
loan their funds upon real estate mortgage
securities, and to purchase said real estate

so mortgaged upon foreclosure, and hold
the same for such period as will enable
them to dispose of the same without loss,
not exceeding seven years.”

Sec. 4446. — “That such cemetery associa-
tion, whose articles of association provide
‘that all funds realized from the sale of lots
and the proceeds of their investments, shall
only be applied to the perpetual mainte-
nance of the cemetery, and none of the
funds used for the profit of the corpora-
tors’ shall not be limited in the amount of
their investments for the perpetual support,
enlargement and ornamentation of their
cemeteries.”

EXEMPTION FROM TAXATION.

Sec. 4447. — “Where cemeteries incorpo-
rated * * upon such basis that the

■corporation can not derive any pecuniary
benefit or profit therefrom; and * * *

where a cemetery association shall provide
for setting aside a certain definite portion
of the proceeds derived from the^sale of
lots as a perpetual care fund, * * * all

the property and assets belonging to such
corporation used exclusively for cemetery
purposes shall be exempt from taxation for
any purpose.” Private perpetual care funds
-are also exempted from taxation. But “the
real estate of any such corporation lying
within any incorporated city or town shall
not be exempt from liability for street im-
provements and sewer assessments,”

(The validity of this tax exemption
statute was upheld in the case of Green-
bush Cemetery Association vs. Van Natta,
'94 N. E. 899. But it was decided in Oak
Hill Co. vs. Wells, Ind. App. 479, that
land of an association held to be divided
into lots and sold for gain was not exempt
from taxation.)

HIGHWAYS, RAILROADS, ETC., FORBIDDEN.

Sec. 4448, — County commissioners are
powerless to authorize construction of a
highway through cemetery grounds or in
any such manner as to encroach upon such
lands.

Sec. 4449. — Nor may the authorities of
any city in a county of more than 100,000
inhabitants “locate any street, alley, or
other highway, through the lands owned
by any cemeterj^ dedicated or purchased
with a view of their being dedicated to
burial purposes : Provided, That this act
shall not apply to the grounds of any ceme-
tery which has been abandoned, or in
which burials are no longer permitted.”

Secs. 4450-4453. — Construction of rail-
ways through cemetery grounds is for-
bidden. Such construction may be enjoined
upon the complaint of any person, and is
punishable by a fine of from $50 to $500.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING MAUSOLEUMS.

Secs. 4453a-4453d. — Before building any
mausoleum, vault or other burial structure,
partly or wholly above ground and to ac-
commodate twenty or more bodies for
permanent interment, plans must be pre-
sented to and approved by the state board

PARK AND CEMETERY

of health. Any crypts or catacombs must
be so constructed that all parts may be
readily examined by health officers, and
they must be hermetically sealed when oc-
cupied, that no offensive or unhealthful
odor or effluvia may escape. If a crypt or
catacomb be insufficiently sealed, permitting
such odors to escape, the health authorities
may, on complaint of any resident of the
township, compel the person in charge of
the burial structure to remove and reinter
the body or bodies at the expense of the
owner of such structure. If the owner may
not be found in the county, the removal
and reinterment must be made at the ex-
pense of the township. Violation of this
act is punishable by fine of not more than
$500, to which may be added six months’
imprisonment in the county jail.

LODGE AND CHURCH CEMETERIES.

Sec. 4992. — The provision of an act re-
lating to lodges, church societies, etc., are
extended, so far as the same may be ap-
plicable, to any individuals who may unite
themselves for the purpose of receiving
donations of lands or purchasing the same
for cemeteries.

Sec. 4993. — Certificate of association may
be filed with the county recorder, thereby
constituting a lawful cemetery.

Sec. 4994. — “Lands conveyed to the board
of county commissioners, by deed duly re-
corded, for the purpose of a public or pri-
vate cemetery, shall be held by such board
forever in trust for such purpose.”

Sec. 4995. — When a burying ground is
laid off in lots under recorded plat and
plainly marked by corner stones or posts,
all burials must be made within the desig-
nated lots.

Sec. 4996. — “The donor of a private bury-
ing ground, his heirs and assigns forever,
shall have the exclusive right of admitting
corpses for interment, and shall direct
where the same shall be buried; and may
grant any right of burial in such ground as
shall not interfere with the graves already
there, or the rights of persons who have
buried their dead in such ground.”

Sec. 4997. — Land once dedicated for
burial purposes by the owner cannot be
diverted to other use by any subsequent
act or conveyance on his part.

ASSOCIATION AS TRUSTEE OF CARE FUNDS.

Secs. 4997a, 4997b. — “Any church, corpo-
ration or association which owns a ceme-
tery shall have the power to receive from
any person a deposit or legacy of money
to be held in trust in perpetuity, or for
such period as the donor or testator may
designate in writing, the earnings of which
deposit or legacy shall be used for the
purpose of keeping in good condition any
lot or lots, monument, vault or gravestone
on said cemetery that may be designated.”
The church, corporation or association
shall adopt rules and regulations for the
investment of such trust funds, and desig-
nate some safety deposit and trust company

315

as depository. The selected depository
must agree as to the rate of interest to be
paid, and pay it over semi-annually. Only
the interest shall be used for the trust pur-
pose. The funds are exempt from taxa-
tion.

SEWERS AND DRAINS THROUGH CEMETERIES.

Sec. 8726. — If the board of public works
of a city shall determine that it is necessary
to extend a sewer or drain through land
used for cemetery purposes, necessary
rights of way may be purchased or con-
demned. But lots or land used for burial
purposes shall not be assessed; the assess-
ment that would otherwise be made against
them must be borne by the city. If bodies
lie buried within the limits of the right of
way for the sewer or drain, it is the duty
of the friends, relatives or next of kin to
promptly remove them. If this be not done,
the board of public works “shall cause the
same to be removed and decently interred
elsewhere in a public cemetery, and the
place of interment to be plainly marked
in an appropriate manner. The names of
persons so reinterred, if known, and the
place of reinterment, shall be entered and
preserved upon the records of said board.”

MUNICIPAL CEMETERIES.

Sec. 8949. — “In any city of the first, sec-
ond, third or fourth class, subject to ordin-
ance, and, in cities of the fifth class, the
common council, by its proper committees,
and, in towns, the board of town trustees,
shall have charge * * * Qf p^iblic

cemeteries, belonging to any such city or
town, together with the approaches there-
to.” Such authorities “shall appoint all
officers and agents for the proper control,
care and maintenance of such cemeteries.
But where a city cemetery was in the con-
trol of a board of trustees appointed by
the mayor, before April 15, 1905, such trus-
tees may continue in control, and it may
be provided by ordinance that any city
cemetery shall be governed by trustees ap-
pointed by lot owners resident in the
county. The ordinance must prescribe the
manner of organizing the trustees and the
duties of the officers and members.

Sec. 8950. — Cemeteries controlled by
county commissioners and lying near or
within a city or town may be conveyed to
the city or town, on application of the
municipal authorities and notice thereof
given by publication or posting for not less
than twenty days. The conveyance must
be recorded with the county recorder and
charges the city or town with future con-
trol, protection and preservation of the
grounds. The common council or trustees
may pass such ordinances for the protec-
tion and control of the cemetery as may be
deemed necessary, including regulations for
the punishment of persons trespassing or
committing waste on the cemetery grounds,
or upon any grave, monument, tomb or
tombstone, inclosure or ornament thereof,
or upon any trees, shrubbery or flowers
therein.

3i6

PARK AND CEMETERY

Sec. 8!J51. — Cemeteries controlled by a
city or town may be vacated on petition of
five free-holders and on a showing ‘‘that
such cemetery has fallen into neglect and
disuse ; that remains * * * have been,

from time to time, exhumed and removed
therefrom on account of such neglect, or
that such cemetery hinders and obstructs
the growth of such city or town, or any
part thereof, and that the same is injurious
to the health of the neighborhood in which
it is located.” A list of all persons buried
in the grounds must be published for two
weeks in a newspaper of general circulation
in the county, tvith notice that after a cer-
tain time, not less than sixty days after the
last publication, the bodies will be exhumed.
Relatives or friends may receive bodies for
removal and reinterment. Unclaimed bodies
must be reinterred in some suitable ceme-
tery or burial ground near the city or town
and at the expense of the city or town. All
monuments, etc., must be replaced in proper
position over the reinterred remains. The
council or board of town trustees must
preserve a record of the removals with
description of the place of reinterment. On
vacation of the cemetery, the grounds re-
main the property of the city or town, sub-
ject to conveyance in fee simple.

Sec. 8952. — Cities and towns are given the
power to receive by gift, purchase or con-
demnation land to be used for reinterment
of bodies removed from vacated ceme-
teries. Lots are to be conveyed in lieu
of lots held in the vacated cemetery, and in
full compensation for the lot holder's inter-
est in the old cemetery grounds. If the
cemetery vacated he a private one, the city
or town shall have a lien against the vacat-
ed land for reimbursement for the expense
of securing new land of equal area and of
making the reinterments.

Secs. 8952a, 8952b. — Provisions are made
for re-interments of bodies lying in aban-
doned cemeteries formerly controlled by
church or religious societies.

Secs. 8953, 8954. — Authority conferred
for the formation of associations to take
over town cemeteries, when ten or more
lot owners constituting a majority unite for
the purpose. Duty to honestly and faith-
fully manage the grounds, and to orna-
ment, beautify and improve the same, is
imposed on the association, which is em-
powered to levy assessments on ‘‘all lots
therein for the care, improvement, mainte-
nance and beautifying of such cemetery.”
Power to hold funds in trust for such pur-
poses is also conferred.

Secs. 8955-8958. — Cities controlling ceme-
teries are empowered to convey them to a
board of from five to nine lot owners, for
the purpose of control and management,
the members of the board serving without
compensation. The board becomes a corpo-
ration, the members being rechosen one-
third each year, as nearly as may be, for a
term of three years. Specific provisions
appear for filling vacancies, giving notice
of elections, etc. The board shall be known

as ‘‘The Board of Regents of

Cemetery, of the city of , in the

state of Indiana.” The powers conferred
include the making of necessary rules and
regulations, execution of leases and licenses
for burial purposes, employment of neces-
sary assistants and workmen, control of
revenues and investments, purchase of ad-
ditional lands, etc. Annual reports must
be made to the city council of the asso-
ciation’s financial condition and of the busi-
ness done during the preceding year. Any
deficiency in revenues or the cost of ac-
quiring additional land may he covered by-
appropriation by the town council. The
board may receive deposits or legacies for
lot care, the principal to be paid over to
the city treasurer, bearing four per cent
interest, which interest is payable to the
hoard semi-annually for use for the trust
purposes. Such funds are exempt from
taxation. The principal may be invested by
the city in its own bonds.

(Cities may only control cemeteries be-
longing to them. Bogert vs. City, 13 Ind.
134. They cannot interfere with the estab-
lishment of cemeteries beyond their limits.
Begein vs. City, 28 Ind. 79. The advisabil-
ity of establishing a city cemetery is a mat-
ter lying within the judgment of the munic-
ipal authorities. City vs. Hazelett, 23
Ind. 186.)

ASSESSING BURIAL GROUNDS FOR LOCAL IM-
PROVEMENTS.

A late decision of the Indiana Supreme
Court, announced in the case of City of
Gary vs. Gary Oakhill Cemetery Associa-
tion, 110 Northeastern Reporter, 741, adopts
the view that no express statute is neces-
sary to exempt burial lots from local im-
provement assessments levied by a city, if
the lots are occupied by graves, or if they
are privately owned for prospective burial
use. But it is decided that where an asso-
ciation holds grounds for future sale, as-
sessments may be levied against such land
to the extent of benefits actually received
by the association from a public improve-
ment for which the assesment is levied,
except as there may be an express statu-
tory exemption. The court said :

Monument or Foundation

Editor Asked and Answered ; Will you
kindly give us your opinion on the follow-
ing : In setting monuments on hillsides it
is sometimes necessary to use a sub-base.
Solid bases are used in a few cases to raise
the superstructure to clear the grade on
the upper side. At other times granite fac-
ing of heavy pieces is used on three sides,
the inside or core being filled with con-
crete. In both cases the sub-base presents
an exposed face of same material as the

■‘But on the ground of public policy we
are not inclined to believe that the Legis-
lature ever intended that the sepulcher of
the dead should be the subject of a lien to
be enforced by a foreclosure and sale as of
other property. The law makes no pro-
vision for a personal liability in cases of
local assessments, so that the only manner
of enforcing the payment of such assess-
ment is as we have indicated, the sale of
the graves of the dead to pa}' for sewers
and drains for houses of the living. The
barrier of public policy will interpose to
prevent such results. So much may be
said for lots and parcels of ground now
in use or occupied for burial purposes.

‘‘The same rule should and does obtain
where the lot or parcel of land is actually
held hy the grantee or licensee” of an as-
sociation ‘‘as a family burying ground, al-
though it may not be in actual use. This
holding is put upon the theory that the mak-
ers of the Constitution, as well as the Gen-
eral Assembly, ‘in common with the rest of
mankind, did not think of the family bury-
ing ground’ as property (Oak Hill Ceme-
tery Co. V. Wells, 38 Ind. App. 479, 481,
78 N. E. 350) in the sense of benefits de-
rived from drains or sewers as intended
for the improvement of land for the pur-
poses of residence or business.”

But as to tracts held by a cemetery as-
sociation for resale in the future at a
profit, the court declares that assessments
are properly levied to the extent that such
land is actually benefited or enhanced in
value by a local improvement, provided
that the Legislature has not decreed an ex-
emption.

Applying the statutes now in force in In-
diana, the court decides that the law which
provides that land used or occupied for
cemetery purposes shall not be assessed
for the construction of sewers or drains
‘‘adjacent to the cemetery,” applies only to
sewers and drains immediately abutting
upon the grounds, and does not prevent an
assessment against an association’s grounds
not yet sold for burial purposes on ac-
count of a sewer not approaching nearer
than 60(1 feet to the cemetery, if benefits
are received from such improvement.

monument. Is this sub-base part of the

monument or of the foundation?

Cemetery Co.

The problem presented here is a rather
fine one to settle definitely, but we should
say that the granite work of the sub-base
should properly be considered a part of
the monument, but the inside or core of
concrete, ought more properly to be con-
sidered a part of the foundation. In other
words, it would seem to us to be a case of
splitting the difference.

ASKED AND ANSJKERED

An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. Yon
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department

PARK A N D CEMETERY

317

Refining the Two-Piece

In any study of our best monuments and
our progress in monumental design the im-
portance of the common two-piece monu-
ment should not be overlooked in our ad-
miration of the newer, more original and
more imposing forms of monumental art.

The two-piece ^monument of commerce
comprises the major portion of our monu-
mental output, and the general appearance
of our cemeteries is to a certain extent

made or marred by the general average of
design in this class of monumental work.
For this reason Park and Cemetery has
always emphasized the importance of im-
proving our common stock forms and has
tried to call repeated attention to some of
the principles of design that make for prog-
ress in these smaller monuments.

There is in every collection of our best
monuments gratifying evidence that the
two-piece “job” is gradually being refined
into some resemblance to a real monument.

It is being executed in more graceful
contours, and decoration is being more
appropriately designed and better placed.

There is still frequent disregard of some
fundamental details of design, about which
we have repeatedly sermonized in these
pages.

Bases are still too thick in proportion
to the die. We are gradually coming to a
realization that the die is the monument
and the base merely a support for it. There
is need for more die and less base, although
it is very gratifying to note that the rock
base and the cheap base of different finish

and cheaper material is losing ground.
Let us think on the base that is not more
than 1-Q«.thick. Why need a base for a
small monument be any thicker ?

The big raised ice-wagon letters also
still persist in many otherwdse well de-
signed small monuments. We need to re-
member that the family name is not an
advertisement, and we need to call the at-
tention of the purchaser to the more ap-

propriate and tasteful character of the
neat incised letter about four inches high.
A big, hulking family name breaks up the
surface of the die, spoils its contour, ana
in most cases jars with the decorations.
This is especially true of a polished die,
where the rich and unbroken effect of the
polished surface is an important part ot
the decorative effect. A heavy hammered
panel with big raised letters in a polished
die obliterates too much of the die. Deli-
cate incised letters, appropriately balanced
with the decorations, are essential to good
effects in this type.

The family name is nearly always placed
exactly in the center of the die. This is
also a bad practice. It should be either
above or below the center, in accordance
w’ith the arrangement and character of
whatever decoration appears on the stone.

Let us retire the billboard lettering and
the chesty, overgrown base from our
smaller monuments.

The two-piece monument illustrated
here will be recognized as a refinement in
every respect over the old rock-and-
margined “jobs” that surged over the

J Ob ”

cemeteries in our output of several years
ago.

In the Dowling monument the designer
has utilized the panel on both sides
for inscription letters. The result is very-
effective because the skilful distribution of
lettering and ormanents has turned an un-
desirable expedient into a very decorative
effect. Exclusive of the family name and
ornaments, some one hundred and seventy-
five letters were to be inscribed on the com-
paratively small surface of the raised panel.
The pleasing solution was reached by con-
fining the size of the family-name letter
to a height of but two and one-half inches ;
giving emphasis and importance to this
feature by the introduction of two very
simple but highly' effective cross ornaments.
These rich and beautiful ornaments are
formed by simple incised lines. The cross-
arms terminate in a sort of trefoil which
gives to the cross a resemblance to the
heraldic cross Botonee ; and these arms are
joined by a simple circle. As decorative
details they are a decidedly refreshing de-
parture from the crude, meaningless carv-
ing which so often defaces many other-
wise beautiful tablets. After thus skilfully
treating the family name (which many
would have shifted to the wash of the base
and thus ruined the effect), the designer
has allowed ample space for the two in-
scriptions of the parents, the children be-
ing appropriately placed on the reverse side.
Because of the very fine texture of the
granite used, the designer was enabled to
use a very, very fine letter for the senti-
ment. The remarkable legibility of this let-
tering is a tribute both to the material and
the exquisite work of the letterer. It is in-
teresting to note that this verse or senti-
ment is the same as that inscribed on the
memorial to Mark Twain's wife.

The admirable effectiveness of the fine
pointed surface as a feature in itself and
as a means of emphasizing the hammered
panel, is here clearly shown. One again
feels compelled to pay tribute both to the
material that thus so well responds to that
treatment and to the skill of the workers
who produced it. The Dowling is a decid-
edly successful piece of designing and the
artist has had the support of workmen who
thoroughly understood and appreciated the
idea back of the composition. The fre-
quency with which such beautiful, chaste
and inexpensive types are appearing in the
modern cemetery is the best indication
that a complete revolution has definitely
begun in the design of moderate priced
memorials. The Dowling was designed by
W. F. Cook Granite Company of Spring-
field and executed for them by the Vic-
toria White Granite Co. of Keene, New
Hampshire. The material is Victoria White
and the dimensions are : Die, 3-6 x 1-0 x
2-6; base, 4-4 x 1-10 x 1-10.

WORK CP W. F. COOK GRANITE CO., SPRINGFIELD, JIASS.

.318

PARK AND CEMETERY

Plans for New Cemeteries in the South

Rose Hill, the new cemetery at New
Orleans, incorporated recently, will embody
some unusually interesting problems of de-
velopment. The development of the ceme-
tery will involve an initial expenditure of
about $37.5,000 and will be under the finan-
cial direction of Baccicb & de Hontluzin
of that city. Rose Hill consists of about
65 acres.

Hare and Hare, of Kansas City, Mo.,
have been retained as landscape architects,
and Morgan D. Hite, architect of New
Orleans, will be advisory architect for the
buildings to be erected.

The permit issued for this cemetery will,
it is claimed, be the last one issued for
similar purpose wdthin the city limits of
New Orleans, although the city's area is
something over 106 square miles. The
rapid de\elopment of suburban communi-
ties during the last five years within this
area is the reason.

Burial in New Orleans reflects the con-
ditions of the locality and the history of
the city's beginnings. Founded by the
French, and alternating between domina-
tion of France and Spain, with a con-
tinuance of the effects until the present
time, the planning and the architecture of
the city clearly, shows a strong survival of
the early influences.

Cemeteries there are architectural pro-
ductions,— literally miniature cities of the
dead, planned in regular squares and right-
angled streets and lanes, paved, and in
some cases with sidew'alks, and lined on
both sides of each street with homes of
the dead — for all burial is above ground in
the older cemeteries, of which the St. Louis
is the most ancient. In the newer ceme-
teries likewise burial is above ground in
about two-thirds of the instances. This
gives the aspect of New Orleans ceme-
teries a foreign uniqueness. The planning
of a cemetery for this city in\olves a re-
study of what is customary in cemetery
planning elsewhere. Burial under ground
was always objectionable to the early peo-
ple because of the sea-level elevation.

Therefore, in planning Rose Hill, due
allowance has been made fo,r what is de-
sirable in the older grounds here, and the
street-plan will be followed to a large ex-
tent ; but in addition the lawn or park
aspect will be maintained, especially in the
sections reserved for large and costly mau-
soleums and monuments.

The Greek, or an approximation to that
style, will be followed, and all architecture
in the cemetery, whether done by the de-
velopment company or in the design of
tombs, monuments, etc., will adhere closely
to that style.

The cemetery ground lies between two
broad avenues in the suburbs — Paris Ave-
nue and London Avenue ; but the main
street leading to this site is Gentilly Boule-
vard, and to* enable more direct access, the
development company, which owns the land
fronting on Gentilly Boulevard will open
a broad avenue through this property, giv-
ing a direct approach to the entrance of
Rose Hill on London Avenue. At Paris
Avenue will be a secondary entrance lead-
ing towards the city proper.

The view of this new avenue-approach

shows the general scheme which is an
elevated neutral ground walk leading from
a shelter pavillion (where the street cars
will stop) to the cemetery entrance. This
neutral ground will be balustraded on each
side and in the parked portion will be
planted with camphor trees. Each side
of the avenue, on the walks will be planted
similar rows of camphor ; and on the ter-
race of the lots adjoining (which is to be
devoted to a residential suburb) the arbor
vitae will be used.

Rose Hill occupies a site on the ridge
or “backbone'’ of New Orleans, the high-
est ground in a city of very flat contour,
there being only a seven foot difference in
levels anywhere. Gentilly Boulevard,
which is the main thoroughfare leading out
of the city toward the East, is a winding,
old Indian route ; and located upon it
is the most fashionable residence suburb
of the city, known as Gentilly Terrace.

It is intended to adopt the most modern
ideas in everything concerning Rose Hill,
both in its development and management.
The rose, in about 80 varieties, will be
planted universally, and use made of its

ENTRANCE TO NEW CEMETERY IN JOPLIN, MO.

possibilities to the greatest extent. All
flowers and trees selected for use are
those which fit the peculiar local condi-
tions best.

An interesting example of modern ceme-
tery design and development is now being

PLAN FOR NEW JOPLIN CEMETERY.

■carried out in Joplin, Missouri, in utilizing
the opportunities offered in a quaint old
church yard burying ground on the out-
skirts of the city. Located on a high ridge
of gracefully undulating topography,
clothed with beautiful old oak trees and
having ample room for expansion, this
little grave yard offered a logical and invit-
ing site for a modern park lawn cemetery.

To insure the development of a memo-

P ARK AND CEMETERY

rial park in keeping with the resources pro-
vided by nature, the American Park Build-
ers of Chicago were engaged as landscape
architects and engineers.

S. C. Bartlett of Chicago, president of
the Bartlett Company, has been engaged

as business manager. An efficient system
for rendering service to lot purchasers is
being provided and office facilities have
been arranged both in the city as well as
at the cemetery.

The accompanying plan embraces the e.x-
isting cemetery on the north and a tract
of forty acres with room for further ex-
pansion on the south. The rigid checker-
board layout of the old cemetery cut into

319

small blocks by a sharp curved drive, made
it necessary to vacate an unused portion
to obtain a good connection with the new
development. The graceful curving drives
have been located in such a way, in nearly
all cases, as to leave the lots higher than
the drives, insuring good surface drainage
and attractive lawn contours. While this
important feature has been provided, good
sized blocks were also obtained while easy
approach to and from the entrance to all
parts insures good circulation.

The accompanying perspective of the
entrance shows a building which is to be
used for combined office, chapel and re-
ceiving vault facilities. The building as
well as the entrance columns will be con-
structed of rough broken stone richly
colored by minerals so prevalent in rock
of this section. The building and gate-
way will have a setting of evergreens,
deciduous trees and shrubbery, color
being occasionally introduced in the bor-
der along the drive by means of per-
ennials. The service yard is confined to a
low part of the cemetery having a separate
entrance and connected by a short lane
with the drive. Numerous parked areas
have been provided as well as a planting
strip around the entire cemetery.

Arrangements are being made to place
the old cemetery under perpetual care as
well as the newly constructed part. Rea-
sonable restrictions with reference to mon-
uments, markers and planting on lots will
insure the permanency of the park lawn
effect.

Problems of Park and Cemetery Law

A department of Legal Advice and Diseiission on problems that confront
parks and cemeteries. You are invited to ask questions which will be an-
sivcrcd by an attorney without charge. A. L. H. Street, Consulting Attorney.

Water Assessment Liens

Editor Legal Department, PARK &
CEMETERY: “We have had a lien entered
against us on the cemetery for water front-
age. We do not use the water and never
will use it. It is on our back ‘avenue.’
Proceeds all go to the maintenance of the
cemetery and no dividends are paid. Kindly
answer through your valuable paper if you
have a Pennsylvania law covering our
case.” , , Pa.

Since a lien is already imposed by pro-
ceedings had, it is advisable that you retain
local counsel for the purpose of taking
such steps as a full disclosure of the facts
of the case may warrant, if the amount in-
volved is large enough to warrant litiga-
tion.

But the law editor of PARK & CEME-
TERY, in an attempt to give as much perti-
nent information to you as is possible, with-
out knowing more of the facts, has spent
some time in examining the Pennsylvania
statutes and decisions. Apparently, the
right of your cemetery to exemption from

the lien turns on the following provision
in Laws 1903, page 43, sec. 3: “Places of
burial not used or held for private or cor-
porate profit . . . shall not be subject

to tax or municipal claims, except for the
removal of nuisances, for sewer claims and
sewer connections, or for recurbing, pav-
ing, repaving or repairing the footways in
front thereof.” If so, it would seem to be
quite clear that the lien in this case can be
defeated as not falling within the excep-
tions of this statute which so broadly ex-
empts cemetery property not held for
profit.

The general tax exemption law of Penn-
sylvania (Laws 1909, p. 54, exempts “all
burial grounds not used or held for private
or coporate profit,” from county, city, bor-
ough, bounty, road, school and poor tax.
But by enacting the other independent
statute above quoted the Pennsylvania leg-
islature seems to have recognized the gen-
eral rule of law that a general exemption
from “taxation” does not exempt from as-
sessments for local improvements.

The fact that you “do not use the w'ater

and never will use it” probably falls short
of furnishing any independent ground for
defeating the lien, although, of course, it
would be worth while to couple that ob-
jection to an objection that the property is
exempt as constituting burial grounds. It
is quite generally held by the courts that
liability for a local improvement assess-
ment cannot be defeated by showing that
the property assessed is already provided
with facilities afforded by the improve-
ment, as where private sewers are con-
structed before the establishment of a pub-
lic one. It has been held by the courts that
“future and indirect benefits from the im-
provement of the surrounding premises
may be considered, and the benefit of fire
protection will support an assessment in
the form of water rates against property
on which no water is taken or used.”
(28 Cyc. 1129, 1130.)

That a cemetery’s right to exemption
from a municipal assessment may depend
upon some special provision in its charter,
and that such exemptions are favored, is
shown by the decision of the Pennsylvania

3-0

PARK AND CEMETERY

Supreme Court in the case of Union Dale
Cemetery, 227 Pa. 1. It was there decided
that under a provision in the cemetery
company's charter, exempting its land
“from execution, attachment, taxation or
any other claim, lien or process,” a muni-
cipal lien could not be enforced against
such land for a sewer improvement, not-
withstanding the general provision quoted
at the beginning of this article. It was de-
cided that the special charter provision
W'as not to be deemed to have been re-
pealed by the general provision authoriz-
ing municipal claims for sewers, etc. The
court said :

"It was not unusual for the legislature
to include these immunities in acts in-
corporating cemetery companies because
from the beginning of our state govern-
ment it has been the policy of our com-
monwealth to treat burial grounds as
sacred places not subject to levy or sale
either by individual creditors or by taxing-
authorities. It is true in the present case
no direct tax was levied, but if the report
of the viewers be confined absolutely a
municipal lien will follow', which if not
paid can only be enforced by sale of the
cemetery property. The right of lien in-
cludes the power to sell, else the lien
would be a nullity. Sale by adverse process
means the divesting of title, and when the
title of the cemetery property and of the
lot owners is divested, the burial ground
intended to lie a permanent place of sepul-
ture for the dead becomes a piece of prop-
erty subject to barter and trade by the
living. The legislature may subject ceme-
tery companies to taxes, liens and proc-
esses, but since the policy of our state,
which reflects the feeling and sentiment
of our people for more than a century,
has been to regard burial grounds as sa-
cred places not subject to writs and proc-
esses applicable to other kinds of property,
it is not too much to require that such a
radical departure from the fixed policy
of the commonwealth shall be expressed
in language so plain as to leave no doubt
as to the legislative intention so to do.’’

Speaking of the 1903 statute quoted at
the beginning of this article, the Pennsyl-
vania Supreme Court said :

“It will be observed that this act in the
main is but declaratory of the existing
policy of the state not to subject places
of burial to levy and sale by means of tax
lien or municipal claim. It is true that
‘sewer claims and sewer connections’ are
carved out of the general exemption, and
while the language used is negative in
character the legislative intention to sub-
ject property so held to municipal claims
for the purposes stated may be fairly in-
ferred. However, it does not follow that
because the legislature provided in this
negative way for the filing of municipal
claims for the cost of sewer construction
against burial places generally that the in-

tention was to alter, revoke or annul the
special immunities conferred by charter
upon the appellant company. This is not
the case of the repeal of a special law
by a general act, but what is attempted
to be done here is to revoke the charter
privileges and immunities conferred * * *,
and this by a general law which does not
affirmatively enact any legislation on the
subject and only negatively suggests that
claims may be filed against a certain class
of property. * * * The legislature may
alter, revoke or annul any privilege or
immunity conferred by the act of incor-
poration, but when it does so the in-
tention should clearly appear from the
language used.”

In the charter of the cemetery in ques-
tion, apparently the only provision bearing
on the question here involved is “that said
cemetery grounds shall be exempt from
taxation.” It seems that this alone would
not be enough to sustain a claim of ex-
emption from a lien for water frontage,
for the courts draw a distinction now be-
tween an e.xemption from “taxation,”
wbich is held to relate to general taxation,
and assessments for local improvements.

“Cemeteries, although exempt from
TAXES, are liable to assessment for local
unprovements, unless total lack of benefit

W. B. Sanford, of tbe Holland Banking
Company and president of the Missouri
Bankers’ Association, recently donated to
the city of Springfield, Mo., a tract of 20
acres of land located inside the city limits
which will be converted into a park and
will be known as Sanford Park. Work
will be started during the coming spring
to beautify tbe plot and approximately
$15,000 is to be spent on tbe project. The
plans accepted by the park board include
the construction of a large lake and path-
ways through the tract. A boulevard will
also be constructed from the new park to
Grant Beach park, which is but a short dis-
tance away, thus giving it a twin-park ef-
fect and each park being a supplement to
the other, instead of distracting from one
another. C. E. Phillips, civil engineer, pre-
pared blue prints for the topography of
the grounds which were submitted to Sid-
ney J. Hare, of Hare & Hare, landscape
architects of Kansas City, Mo., who pre-
pared plans for the park.

Benjamin E. Gage, the Chicago landscape
architect, announces the establishment of a
park management department which is pre-
pared to assume the active management
of parks and other properties, and operate
them in such a way that the cost is re-
duced and the properties are more efficient-

can be shown or express exemption be
granted.” — 28 Cyc, 1132.

This statement of the law in a standard
legal authority is supported by the fol-
lowing cited decisions of the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court handed down since the
dates of the decisions referred to in the
booklet issued by the cemetery in question :

Philadelphia vs. Union Burial Ground
Society, 178 Pa. St. 533.

Beltzhoover Borough v. Beltzhoover, 173
Pa. St. 213.

New Castle v. Stone Church Graveyard,
172 Pa. St. 86.

But, on the data presented, it seems
quite clear that the cemetery whose super-
intendent writes us is entitled to claim ex-
emption from the water frontage lien un-
der the 1993 law to which we have already
drawn attention. That law distinctly says
that “places of burial not used or held for
private or corporate profit * * * shall not
be subject to tax or municipal claims, ex-
cept for the removal of nuisances, for
sewer claims and sewer connections, or for
recurbing, paving, repaving or repairing the
footways in front thereof.” Since a lien
for water frontage does not fall within
these exceptions, it is our opinion that the
cemetery is justified in resisting the lien
claim.

ly cared for. He calls attention to the
results in saving, and Ijetterment of parks
that can be attained by more efficient man-
agement.

In one case, over one-half was saved on
purchases of nursery stock and in other
ways great economy has resulted. In an-
other case the re-arrangement of work-
ing hours for the men and the cutting off
of one man from the pa3'roll has amounted
to more than the cost of management for
the year. In the case of boards composed
of busy men these matters are left to vol-
unteers on the board, who have not much
time for personal investigation, and who
leave most of the details to the foreman
who may or may not be trustworthy or
competent.

The commissioners for the Queen Vic-
toria Niagara Falls (Can.) Park System
recently issued their thirty-first annual re-
port covering the administration of the sys-
tem of parks along the Niagara frontier
for the fiscal year ending December 31,
1916. Another year has passed under war
conditions, and the park administration
with its plans of development and improve-
ment has again been influenced by the
titanic struggle that the empire is engaged
in. The extension of the boulevard road-
ways to connect the various park areas

PARK NEWS.

PARK AND CEMETERY

321

as well as important new features included
in the construction program for the years
1915 and 1916 were entirely abandoned.
Every effort in the meantime has been di-
rected to the upkeep of the buildings and
grounds in order that no unnecessary de-
terioration should take place. The mili-
tary authorities required the use of an ex-
tensive area in the park proper for camp
grounds and the closing of the zone of the
park containing the plants of the power
companies lightened the usual maintenance
work. The force of workmen available
was greatly reduced owing to the demand
for men both in the district and with one
of the power companies in Queen Victoria
Park where extension operations were be-
ing undertaken. To meet the rising scale
of the cost of living and the upward tend-
ency of wage rates, increases were made to
park workmen, and difficult as the situation
was, the appearance of the park was kept
up to a high standard of maintenance. The
southerly end of the boulevard along the
Niagara River from Queen Victoria Park
to Fort Erie was completed in the fall of
1915, and the new concrete roadway accom-
modated all of the traffic during 191().
Some work was done on additional grad-
ing and drainage along the boulevard, and
a large numlrer of trees were set out both
in the area already planted and in some
portions not yet undertaken. The financial
statement shows in detail the receipts and
expenditures for the year. The rentals
from the three power companies, the Can-
adian Niagara Power Company, the On-
tario Power Company r.nd the Electrical
Development Company, totaled $'208,740.45,
while in 1915 the amount received from
these sources of revenue was $177,618.20.
Upon capital account the sum of $30,-

The trustees of Mt. Aulnirn Cemetery,
Boston, have issued their eighty-sixth an-
nual report, which also includes reports of
the treasurer and superintendent. During
the past year the business of the corpo-
ration has proceeded very much as for-
merly. Constructive work, authorized during
the past two years, has been completed,
notably the deferrization plant and the re-
inforced concrete wall. The filling of For-
est Pond has been completed, and now of-
fers many very desirable lots, as also may
be had other similar lots near Halcyon
Lake which resulted through carrying out
of plans made early in the history of the
corporation. Owing to the advancing cost
of materials the cemetery has to postpone
further construction work of all descrip-
tions until a more normal range of prices
prevails. The following are some statistics
from the treasurer’s report : Receipts of

466.36 was expended, the two main items
consisting of the military barricade in
Queen Victoria Park, and the balance ow-
ing upon section No. 5 of boulevard road-
way construction. These two items
amounted' to $21,351.85. The maintenance
expenditure comprised the usual items, in-
cluding interest on debentures and a large
payment upon sinking fund. The balance
in the bank at the end of the year was
$65,463.59, and there were balances in cur-
rent accounts of $2,615.33.

A Lincoln homestead park surrounding
the Lincoln home and a boulevard from
the home to the state capitol probably will
be one of Springfield’s contributions to the
state centennial celebration. The city park
board, the Sangamon County board of su-
pervisors and the Springfield commercial
associations are considering the plan. The
Lincoln homestead park proposition was
indorsed by a resolution adopted at a joint
meeting of the board of art advisers and
the board of parks and buildings advisers
held in Chicago on December 6. The plan
suggested to the Springfield park board in
a letter written by Hugh S. Magill, di-
rector of the centennial celebration and
secretary of the board of art advisers, is
that the ground surrounding the home be
purchased and the buildings removed. It
is also proposed that Capitol avenue from
Eighth street, where the home is located,
to the state capitol shall be made into a
boulevard, lighted with ornamental park
lights and otherwise improved. The O’Con-
nor statue of Abraham Lincoln will be
erected on the east side of the state house,
looking down Capitol avenue, so the visitor
in going from the home to the capitol
would see the statue as he approached the
state building.

the general fund : Cash balance from pre-
ceding year, $54,918.17 ; for redemption of
bonds, $19,975.00; sale of lots, $16 908.10;
labor and materials, $85,870.45. Total, $206,-
878.45. Expenditures of the general fund ;
For labor (pay roll), $()5,062.80 ; materials,
$28,796.14 ; repairs, buildings and fences,
$2,928.37 ; for expenses — for salaries, $17,-
766.65; office expenses, $5,358.57; balance in
hands of treasurer. $39,135.74. Total, $206,-
878.45. Additions to the fund for the per-
petual care of lots amounted to $53,285.87,
and the fund now totals $2,109,991.64. The
total number of interments for the year
ending Dec. 31, 1917, including original in-
terments and removals from other ceme-
teries was 479, making a total in the ceme-
tery of 41,365.

At the annual meeting of the trustees of
the Riverside Cemetery Association, Three
Rivers, Mich., Robert M. Hall was elected

president and W. E. Barnard, clerk, and
W. H. Sloan, superintendent. The report
of Clerk Barnard showed that the receipts
during the year 1917 were $4,002.41 and the
disbursements $3,925.18, leaving a balance
on hand of $77.23. The sinking fund on
January 1, 1917, was $14,449.56 and with
25 percent from the sale of lots made a
total of $14,938.56. The memorial fund
January 1, 1917, was $14,421.00 and the
amount received from the perpetual care
of lots during the year was $2,122.00, mak-
ing a grand total in the reserve fund of
$31,481.56.

At the ninth annual meeting of the trus-
tees of the Riverview Cemetery Associa-
tion, Streator, 111., E. H. Bailey was elected
president and George Goulding, secretary.
The secretary’s report showed an increase
in the perpetual care fund during the year
of $950, the fund now standing at $3,990.
The receipts for annual care were also the
largest to date. A comfort station was
added to the tool house during the year
at a cost of over $550. A new single grave
section lying in the northeast portion of
the grounds was laid out and platted ready
for use. The number of interments dur-
ing the year was 144.

At the annual meeting of the Aspen
Grove Cemetery Association, Burlington,
la., the following officers were elected;
President, J. C. Power ; vice president,
John Blaul ; secretary, J. G. Waldschmidt.
Twenty-five acres have been added to the
cemetery, which will soon be platted. The
treasurer’s report shows a cash balance in
the general fund to be $2,478.96 in bank
deposit, and $(i,120 in a certificate of de-
posit, and the total of the permanent fund
to be $70,444.21.

Mountain View Cemetery Association of
San Bernardino, Cab, has purchased the
stock of the corporation owning the City
cemetery. The property was formerly
owned by the Valley Land and Water Com-
pany.

A petition to abandon Layman cemetery,
Minneapolis, Minn., has been raised by
many residents in the locality of the ceme-
tery. It alleges the cemetery is a menace
to health, and a public nuisance, and asks
for exhuming of bodies and use of the lots
for business sites. No definite action has
been taken.

The Barnes City Cemetery Association
of Barnes City, la., has elected C. H. Core,
president, and Mrs. Ollie Wilson, secre-
tary.

The Lakeview Cemetery Association of
Kendallville, Ind., recently elected Archie
Campbell president, and J. C. Hersh secre-
tary.

C. B. Hege was recently elected presi-
dent, and John A. Diehl, secretary of the
Maple Wood Cemetery Association, Cham-
bersburg. Pa.

At the annual meeting of the Green
Lawn Cemetery Association, Altoona, Pa.,
James W. Gromiller was elected president,
and John N. Drass, secretary.

1 If

p J

CmETERY NOTES

«feK..w

322

PARK AND CEMETERY

In reviewing the work accomplished in
connection with Hamilton Cemetery, Ham-
ilton, Ont., Can., during the year 1917
aside from the routine work, probably the
most important features were the satis-
factory completion by the Board of Con-
trol of the negotiations with the McKit-
trick Co., as a result of which the board
secured 70 acres of available land, the bal-
ance in cash of the $25,000.00 due, and most
important of all, the possibility for the
commencement of the development of this
cemetery during the coming season, as the
present cemetery is being fast sold out.
During the year a considerable amount of
macadam roadway was constructed so that
a highway has been made from end to end
of the cemetery besides several other
branch roads. A roadway was constructed
to the ravine at the rear of the cemetery
and the whole ground has been cleared of
underbrush, cultivated and drained. In this
work a large quantity of stone and gravel,
useful for foundation, has been obtained,
sufficient to provide for a considerable
portion of the cost of the work. This
ravine which up to the present was waste
land presents particularly fine possibilities
for development. Some items of interest
taken from the financial statement follow :
Receipts: Burials and removals, $6,502.75;
care of lots including $7,099.05 interest on
perpetual care fund, $12,640.60 ; foundations
and markers, $1,761.41; sale of lots after
deducting $10,046.70 for perpetual care
funds, $4,248.20; sale of single graves after
deducting $1,218.00 for perpetual care funds,
$370.00; total available receipts for 1917,
$27,387.61 ; balance from previous year,
$4,232.12; grand total, $31,619.74. Expendi-
tures : Burials and removals, $7,646.93 ; care
of lots, $7,143.29; foundations and markers,
$1,504.16; building and care of roads, $4,-
662.17; improvements, $1,141.00; care of
trees, shrubs and flowering plants, $1,247.93;
total, $27,782.27. Perpetual care funds re-
ceived during 1917 were $13,230.07, and
repayment funds, $1,876.00. There is at
present a total of $147,350.93 in the per-
petual care funds.

Many' important improvements were
made at the city cemetery of Salt Lake
City, Utah, during the year under the di-
rection of City Commissioner Herman H.
Green, head of the department of parks
and public property, and C. L. Evans, city
sexton. Alany fences, edgings and copings
around lots were torn down. Harmon-
izing with the new entrance gateway, a
low fence of simple design, hung between
massive concrete posts, was built on N
street. This fence runs from the main
entrance a block to the north and a block
to the east, along the south and the west
boundaries of the cemetery. At a cost of
$1,000 a new public comfort station was
built also a garage and improvernents
to the agreenhouse to enlarge its capacity,
costing $500. Another notable improve-
ment was the construction of 1,100 feet of
curbing and guttering. A continuation of

this work is planned for this year, and
also it is hoped to pave the main driveway.
Practically the only expense of the curb
and gutter was the cost of cement. Gravel
and sand were obtained from outlying parts
of the cemetery and most of the work was
done by regular cemetery employes. An
additional 1,000 feet of cement sidewalk
was constructed, forming an extension of
the walk alongside the main driveway. This
walk is five feet wide and was laid at a
cost of from 35 to 40 cents per lineal foot.
Strips of concrete pavement were laid on
Center street between Ninth and Tenth
avenues forming a firm base for automo-
bile traffic, which was formerly made diffi-
cult by reason of the heavy' grade. There
were 35 cement flumes constructed during
the year, replacing the old wooden flume.
What was formerly known as “Potters’
Field” was planted with grass, forming a
happy contrast to the hitherto barren ap-
pearance. An textension of the Park plat
was made, providing 140 additional burial
lots, which are selling at $300 each with
perpetual care. An extension to plat “R”
provided 224 additional burial lots, which
are sold at $50 a lot.

Workmen's Circle Cemetery Association
of Norfolk, Va., has been incorporated
with no capital stock by William Rosen,
president, and Charles H. Schreer, secre-
tary, both of Norfolk, Va.

The new St. Joseph’s Lithuanian Ro-
man Catholic parish cemetery of Mahanoy,
Pa., recently purchased in the vicinity of
High Point by the congregation, was dedi-
cated recently by the pastor. Father Fran-
cis W. Augustaitis, Ph. D.

Officers elected at the annual meeting
of Minneapolis City Lodge No. 63, O. B. A.
Cemetery Association, are ; N. Lowenthal,
chairman, and Jacob Gould, secretary.
Reports showed the cemetery association
in excellent financial condition, with three
acres of additional land purchased adjoin-
ing the tract in Richfield Township en-
tirely paid for.

The Cover Illustration

The illustration on the cover of this
issue shows a very ornamental pattern of
wrought iron entrance gate. The scroll
work and ornaments have been very elabo-
rately carried out in a most effective design
that has much to commend it for beauty,
massive dignity and substantial construc-
tion. It will be noted that the intricate
pattern of the iron work is consistently
and harmoniously carried out, not only in
both the drive and walk gates, but in the
post-lanterns. The lanterns are an inter-
esting feature of this design that not only
serve their utilitarian purpose at night,
but add an element of ornament to the
posts by day. The Stewart Iron Works
Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, will gladly
furnish catalogue and blueprints of en-
trance gates in both ornamental and plain
designs and special catalogue of post lan-
terns and lamp standards.

f Build a

Water-Garden
in the Park
orCemetery

T£ there is a pool, or a stream
running- throug-h the park or
cemetery you have an admirable
site for a water garden. Tf you
have no such natural place, a
pool is easily built.

In my aquatic gardens at Ar-
lington you will find many of
the newest and rarest water
plants in existence, besides all
the older sorts. I devote more
space to aquatic plants than
any other propagator in America.

My booklet on Water and

Water Plants will be sent free
on request.

WILLIAM TRICKER

tVater Lily Spedalisl

Box D Arlington, N. J.

Shade Trees ^ Shrubs
and Evergreens

With two nurseries embracing over
800 acres, we are especially well
equipped to supply large and ex-
tensive planting lists. Our stock
of SHADE Trees is the LARGEST
and BEST in the country. One of
the leading City Foresters of the
country told us last Fall, after pur-
chasing three car loads of trees,
that our nurseries appeared to him
in the best state of cultivation of
any he had seen. Good Cultivation
and High Quality Stock is what we
Guarantee.

SUPERINTENDENTS
AND THOSE WITH AUTHORITY
TO BUY SHOULD IMMEDIATELY
PLACE OUR NAME ON THEIR
FILES FOR FUTURE REFER-
ENCE.

Get our prices and special esti-
mates. No distance is so far that
we can’t compete.

A MERICAN NURSERY CQ-

^ ^ "Successful for over a century"

Singer Building, New York

NURSERIES • — Flushing, L. I and Springfield, N.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

The following Plants for outdoor planting, interior
and exterior decorations are among our specialties,

Roses, Rhododendrons Boxwood and Bay Trees

Hardy Climbing Vines Ornamental Trees

Evergreens and Pines Shrubs and Hedge Plants
Bulbs and Roots Hardy Old-Fashioned

Fruit Trees and Small Fruits Flowers

Our illustrated catalog No. 95 describing the above,
will be mailed upon request.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all
Park and Cemetery Superintendents visiting our Nur-
sery. We shall be pleased to give prices on lists
submitted.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters
RUTHERFORD ;; NEW JERSEY

1L

PARK AND CEMETERY

323

Burial Records— A Cemetery Necessity

INTERMENT RECORDS, LOT DIAGRAM BOOKS AND
INDEX BOOKS FOR CEMETERIES OF ALL SIZES

Accurate and complete records of every interment are required by law in many states
and will soon be compulsory everywhere. Every live cemetery manager realizes that com-
plete records are the first necessity of a well-managed cemetery. They avoid future liti-
gation and confusion in locating graves and in establishing ownership of lots.

No system of cemetery records is complete without three things: First, a detailed rec-
ord of the important facts about every interment; second, a lot diagram to immediately locate every
grave ; and third, an index by which every entry in either interment record or lot book may
easily be found.

The “Park and Cemetery” systems of record books embody simple and complete forms for
all three of these branches of records. They are readily adapted to cemeteries or sections of any
size, and are in successful use by over a thousand cemeteries.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INTERMENT RECORD FORM

Used by more cemeteries than any other form devised ; entries run across two pages each
9^ X 12 inches ; in 25 columns, giving all essential facts about the deceased and the interment.

The column headings are as follows: number of interment; name; place of birth; late residence;
age — years, months, days; sex; social state; date of death — year, month, day; cause of death; date
of interment — year, month, day ; place of interment — section, lot ; lot book page ; location ; grave fee ;
name of undertaker; nearest relative or friend; remarks; made in 100, 200, 300 and 500 page
sizes ; 23 interments to a page.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” LOT DIAGRAM FORMS

Made in four lots to a page size, and in the combined one and two lots form ; lot diagram
space ruled in small squares, each one representing a square foot, so that every grave can
be accurately located on the lot ; space with printed headings for record of lot ownership, and
for recording of names of all persons buried, by name, burial number and grave number; four
lots to a page form will diagram lots thirty feet square or less ; the combined one and two lots
form can be used for two lots each 40 x 80 feet or less or for one lot as large as 80 feet square;
four-lots-to-a-page book, made in 200, 300 and 400 pages; one and two lots form made in 100,

300 and 500 page sizes.

“PARK AND CEMETERY” INDEX BOOKS

Where it is desired to provide for more than 2,000 interments, separate index books are
generally used for locating all names in the Interment Records and Lot Diagram Books. The
“Hatype” Index has printed column headings for entering: surname; given nanTe ; lot book
page and interment record page; with linen tabs on margins; enters 54 names to a page;
made in 50, 75 and 125 page sizes to accommodate 2,700, 4,050 and 6,750 names respectively;
can be bound into either Interment Record or Lot Diagram Book, if desired ; where it is de-
sired to bind into either of these books, a simpler index, a plain ruled index with tabs, but with-
out column headings is furnished ; this enters 84 names to a page.

COMBINATION BOOKS— THREE IN ONE

Our Combination Books, containing Interment Record, Lot Diagram and an Index in
one book, are widely used in cemeteries that want to provide for either 1,000 or 2,000 inter-
ments or less and whose lots are 30 feet square or less. These books are made up of the single
letter index, the Interment Record form, and the Four-lots-to-a-page lot diagram form described
above. They are made in two sizes: Size A — 158 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capac-
ity of 4,536 names ; 44 double pages for Records of Interments, and 60 pages for Lot Diagrams.

This gives space for records of 1,000 interments and diagrams for 240 lots, thirty feet square
or less. Size B — 241 pages, contains 54 index pages with a capacity of 4,536 names ; 87 Record
of Interment double pages, and 100 lot diagram pages, giving a capacity of 2,000 burial records
and diagrams for 400 lots 30 feet square or less.

Any, or all of these forms can be bound in one book where special books are desired to
meet unusual conditions. Special books can be printed to order, containing your own special
forms or any number of pages of our forms and prices will be quoted on these on request.

If you pay your subscription to “Park and Cemetery and Landscape Gardening,” at the
same time you order hooks, add one dollar to your remittance and get “Park and Cemetery”
for one year — regular price, two dollars.

Send for our new revised catalog containing fidl-sized duplicates of the pages for all of
our forms, ruled and printed exactly as they appear in the hooks.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 S. Clark Street, Chicago, 111.

324

PARK AND CEMETERY

A Practical Elevator

for your beautiful mausoleum is even more
necessary than

A PRACTICAL LOWERING DEVICE

for the Cemetery

WE HAVE BOTH

An Elevator now entering its eighth year
of undisputed supremacy.

A Lowering Device that has been growing
more popular every year for nineteen (19j
years.

Write for prices and particulars.

BOMGARDNER MFG. CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

Help Save the Song Birds

'T HE Song Birds will prove a very great asset
^ in the present war. They destroy the insects
and save millions of bushels of grain annually.

It is your duty to protect them, furnish them
homes for raising their young this spring. You
will be repaid a thousand foM. 1 hey will free
your grounds and garden from insects and
pests and gladden your heart v ith their beauti-
ful songs.

^ Bobsfon l^ousie

for every kind of bird. Y ou can attract any bird
you want — simply put up a Dodson house and
they’ll come back year after year. FREE bird
book sent on request, illustrating Dodson line,
giving prices. Also beautiful colored bird pic-
ture tree. Write today to

JOSEPH H. DODSON

Pnsidcnt Amirican Audubon Association
7e0 Harrison Ave. KANKAKEE, ILL.

r oDSON's Sparrow Trap guaranteed to rid your
ronimunity of these grain-eating pests. Price 56 00

Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens
an d Herb aceous Plants

The Meehan Nurseries have been recognized for
over SO years as headquarters for ornamental nursery
stock.

There is scarcely a Cemetery or Park in North
America, old or new, which does not contain more or
less Meehan stock.

225 acres. Write for Wholesale Catalogue.

THOMAS B. MEEHAN CO.

Dresher, Pa.

DIXON’S

LOOK— LISTEN

Concrete

or mortar can be mixed better, quicker,
with less expense. Use a

aeger Mixer

Now made in small sizes.
Mounted on trucks with engine
complete or on skids for
hand power. A profitable
investment that will pay
for itself many times
. over each year,
i Thousands in use everywhere
Hundreds with parks and
cemeteries.

The Jaeger Machine Co.

312 W. Rich Street
Colu mbus, Ohio

Fence makers and owners, park and cemetery superintendents and
floiists are united endorsers of

DIXON’S S PAINT

It is economical because it gives the longest
PAI^W service, saves the labor cost of frequent repaint-
ing. Made in four daik colors — one quality
only— for fifty years. Color card No. 66-B
\,iih prices upon request.

Made in .ieRSEY CITY, N, J.. BY THE

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1827

PARK AND CEMETERY

325

TOWNSEND’S

TRIPLEX

Tht Public is warned not to pwr-
chase mowers infringing this patent.
No. 1,209, 519, Dec. 19, 1916.

The Greatest Grass-
cutter on Earth; cuts a
Swath 86 inches wide.

S. P. Townsend & Co.

Orange, New Jersey

M Drawn by one horse and operated by one man
H the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn
B in a day than the best motor mower ever made,
S cut it better and at a fraction of the cost.

B Drawn by one horse and operated by one man,
g it will mow more lawn in a day than any three
B ordinary horsedrawn mowers with three horses
g and three men.

Floats over the uneven ground as a ship rides
the waves One mower may be climbing a
knoll, the second skimming a level and the third
paring a hollow

Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster
it in the mud in springtime nor crush out its
life between hot rollers and hard, hot ground
in summer as does the motor mower.

g Send for Catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS g

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^^

Ornamentals

For the Southwest

Large stock, large as.sortment,
large specimens. Extra fine Ced-
rus Deodara and Atlantica, 3-15
ft. Magnolias 3 to 15 ft. Specimen
Golden Arborvitaes, Red Cedars,
Taxodiums, Wild Peach, Etiony-
mus, 40 kinds of shade trees, 100
kinds of shrubs, besides fruit
trees, evergreens, bulbs, vines,
roses, perennials, bedding plants,
seeds, etc. Write for catalogue
and prices or come and see us.
Landscape work a specialty.

BAKER BROS.

FT. WORTH, TEXAS

Established 1884

Improved Stone Vault

made from our Close Grain
Blue Stone

THE WALLER BROS. STONE CO.

McDERMOTT, OHIO

A sk Park and Cemetery for New Catalogs
of the Revised Line of Complete Cemetery
Record Books.

PORTLAND CEMENT GRAVE AND LOT MARKERS

Made by Haase Concrete Works. Pat. No. 680,432, and 734,854. Are nearly white and
last like granite. Size and prices are 8, 10, and 12-inch lengths, 3-in. diameter 5 to 7c,
31/^-in. 7 to 10c, 4-in. 7V2 to 12c, 5-in. 10^/2 to 17c. “PERPETUAL CARE” posts made
in 5-inch diameter. Write for particulars.

Address Haase Concrete Works, Forest Park, 111.

Cemeteries west of the Rocky Mountains, address, Leo G. Haase, Pasadena, Cal.

CEMETERY RECORDS

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1,000 cemeteries are using
our method for keeping their records of Burials, Location
of Graves, etc Descriptive circular sent on request.

PARK AND CEMETERY, 536 $. Clark St., CHICAGO. ILL.

Longnecker Mausoleum, Delta, Ohio.
Waterproofed with
“R.I.tV.” Marine Cement.

Protected Against
Moisture Intrusion

This handsome memorial
has been made proof against
the seepage of water and
efflorescence by

KJLdJL

N?II0 ^

/rs WATfRpaoof

TT

DAMP-RESISTING PAINT

“R. I. W.” Marine Cement
was used for damp-proofing
exterior foundation walls.

This product is valuable also
for coating footings and for
damp courses in masonry
construction. It is applied
cold with brush — a great ad-
vantage over materials
which require heating.

Write for full list of
“R.I.W.” Products. Valu-
able for use in cemetery
construction and mainte-
nance. Address Dept. 99.

TOCH BROTHERS

Technical and Scientific
Paint^Makers Since 1848

320 Fifth Avenue, New York

WORKS:

New York; London, Eng.;
Toronto, Can.

_ _ -

REME^ER ITS WAT£RPROOf\'

STEEL NEED NOT RUST! ■. ma.us pat. off.

WOOD NEEDNOr ROT!

NOR CONCRETE DUST! "

326

PARK AND CEMETERY

W. & T. SmiTH COmPANY

GEINEX/A, IN E \A/ Y O R KL

SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, EVERGREENS, VINES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS;
64 YEARS SHORT, EVERYTHING. CATALOGUE AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ACRES

Make a Bird Sanctuary

SHADE TREES

out of your Park or Cemetery.
Attract our beautiful Song Birds
by putting up a lot of these
Nesting Houses, that are made
right. Made of a thick rubber-
oid material that is practically
indestructible. Put them up
now.

Price $ / .25 each; $15. 00, doz. ; $ 1 25. 00 per / 00. Express prepaid

Write us for prices on American Elm, Hack-
berry, Soft Maple, Catalpa, Poplar, Black Wal-
nut, Box Elder and other shade trees in all sizes.

We can ship a carload of Elm and Maple from
Council Bluffs, Iowa ; a carload of Hackberry and
Elm from Mitchell, South Dakota ; and all kinds
from Yankton, South Dakota.

Our trees are grown especially for Park and
Cemeter}" planting.

DR. R. D. WOODMANSEE

55 E. STATE STREET COLUMBUS, OHIO

GURNEY SEED & NURSERY COMPANY

Yankton, SOUTH DAKOTA

NORPFAY MAPLES
ORIENTAL PLANES

A T RED UCED PRICES

Shrewsbury Nurseries,

EATONTOWN, N. J.

Interment
Record Books

100 pages, capacity 2,300 names, $ 7.00

200 “ “ 4,600 names. 12.00

Lot Diagram Books

Four lots to a page;
ruled with small
squares, ten to an inch,
to diagram the location
of every interment.

200 pages, 4 lots to a page,

capacity 800 lots $7 .00

300 pages, 4 lots to a page,

capacity 1200 lots .... 9.00

Add $1.00 to price of any book and
get Park and Cemetery for one
year; regular price $2 .00

Ask for new catalog of complete line
giving full sized reproductions of
all forms used in Interment Record
Books, Lot Diagram Books and
Index Books, to fit the needs of
any cemetery.

PARK AND CEMETERY

536 So. Clark St. : CHICAGO

A Practical Road Machine
for Park or Cemetery

“/ haoe never seen anything its equal for making a smooth, rounded
surjace for roadways, ’ ’ says one cemetery superintendent.

The McCallum Road Plane

is ideally adapted for the care and maintenance of gravel and dirt roads. It
can be adjusted by the lever deflecting the rear blade and controlling the
depth of the cutting blade in the center which eliminates roadwaves, chuck-
holes and ruts, leaving a smooth surface to shed water. To see the plane in
operation will convince the most skeptical. Works automatically. It is ten
feet long, five feet wide, weighs four hundred pounds, and is drawn by two
horses.

Here is what one cemetery man says of it ;

“I haOe used your road plane now for about six months, and I can truthfully say that in
my experience of 28 years in cemetery work, / have never seen anything its equal for making a
smooth rounded surface for roadways. I am pleased to recommend it to anyone who has dirt or
gravel roads to k^ep in order. Very truly yours,

J. A. Wendorph Supt., Roseland, Park Cemetery Ass’n, Birmingham, Mich.

ANGUS McCALLUM, Pontiac, Mich.

Try Our No. 4 Lawn Vase

Terra Cotta Color at $2.90 Each

Size 18 in. wide by 30 in. high
Ask for Catalog of Pots. Etc.

The Peters & Reed Pottery Co.
South Zanesville, Ohio

HEARTLEY’S

MOLE TRAP

PROTECT your LAWN
and PLANTS by using
HEARTLEY’S HOLD-
FAST MOLE TRAP.
**It Excels Them All.**
A trial order will convince
you. Write for prices.

GEO. W. HEARTLEY
902 Summit Street
Toledo* Ohio

P A R K A N D CEMETERY

327

CLASSIFIED

ADVERTISING

3 cents a word each insertion; minimum
price 50 cents. Copy must reach us by
the 1st of the month.

CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT, MIDDEE
aged, wishes position as superintendent;
can give the best of references; would in-
vite inspection of niy work. Address “Eand-
scape," care PARK AND CEMETERY.

CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT AT

present engaged, would like to get in
touch -with cemetery company who are
looking for a thorougldy practical and
capable man with ideas. Address "R. O.,”
care PARK AND CEMETERY.

CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT, NOW
in charge of tvro cometeries — one on lawn
jilan and one on the sjuare plan, iiualitied
to lianrlle all details of hrst class cemetery.
Addre.ss '•G.” care PARK ANt) CEMETERY.

WANTED POSITION AS SUPERINTEND-
ent of park or cemi.'tery; 30 years of e.\-
peric-nce in a leading cemetery; best of
I'eference. Address “Reliable,” care I’AKK
AND CEMETERY.

WANTED — CAPABEE, EXPERIENCED
man in lot sales to establish new cemetery
in proper manner, selling in advance of need.
Conditions favorable. Partially improved.
Maplelawn Park Ceirietery, Paducah, Ky.

WANTED— STOCK SALESMAN WHO CAN
sell cemetery stock in North Carolina,
Good commission. Address "Carolina,” care
PARK AND CEMETERY.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EMBALM-
ing and sanitary science opens way to
state licensed embalming position and to
undertaking profession; three months' course
qualifies men and women. Ask for catalog
and information, Worsham Training School,
620 S. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111.

WANTED FOR WESTERN PBNNSYL-
vania, an intelligent, vigorous, working-
foreman, familiar with cernetery routine;
salary $105 a month to begin with; if has
engineering experience better inducements
given; position permanent and progressive.
Give full particulars as regai'ds self and ex-
perience. Address “Pa..” care PARK AND
CEMETERY.

A CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT WITH
years of experience in cemetery manage-
ment, is open to an engagement anywhere;
thoroughly conversant with every detail and
requirement of a first-class cemetery; ex-
pert landscape gardener, competent to lay
out new cemeteries or improve existing
ones; first-class references as to chai-acter
and ability. Roderick Campbell, E. Colvin
St., Syracuse, N. Y.

HILL’S EVERGREEN TREES

Best for over half a century. Wholesale growers o'
Firs, Pines, Spruce, Junipers, Hemlocks, etc., in
large and small sizes.

for Prices

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO.

EvergreeD Specialists :: Largest Growers in America
Box 405 DUNDEE. ILL.

STONE GRAVE VAULTS

The McDermott Stone Co.

McDermott, Ohio

SID J. HARE S. HERBERT HARE

FELLOW A.S.L.A. M EM BER A S. L. A.

Hare & Hare

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
604 GUMBEL BUILDING

Kansas City. Mo.

HOME PHONE
MAIN 4338

3600 Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis, Minn.

D. W. SWISHER, C. E.

LAKEWOOD CEMETERY

EXPERT SERVICE IN
MODERN CEMETERY
DESIGNING, REPLATTING
AND OPERATION.

HALF MILLION

Cal. Privet and Barberry Thun., 2 and 3 yr.. also
Lombardy Poplars, Planes, Eup. Linden, Horse
Chestnuts. Norway Maples. Altheas, Syringas,
Deutzias. Pride of R. Spiraeas, VanHouttei, etc.,
all fine specimen plants at attractive prices.

Send your Want List.

The Westminster Nursery, Westminster, Md.

FRANK H. NUTTER

'Landscape Architect and Engineer

710 Sykes Bldg.* Minneapolis, Minn*

Advice, Sketches, Designs or full Working Plans for
Cemeteries, Parks, and Public or Home Grounds. Sur*
veys made if required. Correspondence solicited. City
Park Engineer from 1883 to 1906.

CLARK & PIKE

Landscape Architects and Engineers
WILLOUGHBY, OHIO

CREMATORY

Convenient to all western New York Territory

MT. HOPE CEMETERY

J. W. Keller. Supt. Rochester, N.Y.

Dreer Specialties

FOR PARKS and CEMETERIES

Roses, Hardy Perennials, Hardy Shrubs, Hardy
Climbers, Boxwood, Hedge Plants, Aquatics,
Decorative and Flowering Plants, Bulbs, Flower
Seeds, etc., also

Grass Seeds for Every Purpose

We are large producers and will be pleased to
give information, or send our wholesale pricelist,
to Superintendents of Parks and Cemeteries.
Write about anything needed.

HENRY A. DREER

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Expert Advice and Service for Park
Departments!

^ WING to the increasing- demand for technical and expert advice in park matters, and
^ the desire on the part of many Boards of Park Commissioners and Park Committees
to turn over the parks to skilled persons to manage, we have inaugurated a Park Man-
agement Department. We manage your properties, either in detail or act in an advisory
capacity. This is a real service by expert and skilled persons. We will put business
methods into park maintenance and dev’elopment. We will show you how to save money
and get increased results. . .

Write J or Detailed Information.

Benjamin E. Gage 30 n. La Saiie st. Chicago, Illinois

AMERICAN- GROWN
TREES

OUR stocks of trees, shrubs
and plants are not cur-
tailed by the stoppage of
foreign shipments. We sell
A ndorr a-grown .

Catalog on request.

ANDORRA NURSERIES

Wm. Warner Harper, Prop.

Box 150, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Penna.

Park and Cemetery Superintend-
ents and Orchardists

For Proteclion (or Shade and Fruit Trees Use

Elastic Pruning Paint

Saves girdled trees, heals cuts and wounds, prevents
decay, stops bleeding in pruning, cures fungous growth.
A Positive and Effectual Remedy for the treat-
ment of Fruit and Shade Trees when damaged.
Use any time of year.

E. G. MENDENHALL ESTATE

Box 300 Kinmundy, III.

Western Distributing Agent Ciark’s Cutaway Toois.
Best Trimming Toois tor Orchard and Park.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES

CEMETERY RECORD

For cemeteries of all sizes. 1.000 cemeteries are using
V our method for keeping their records of Burials, Location

of Graves, etc. Descriptive circular sent on request.

W PARK AND CEMETERY. 536 S. Clark St., CHICAGO: ILL.

Attractive Entrance to “Forest Hill,” Cleveland. Private Park of John D. Rockefeller

The result of thirty years’ experience in the manufacture of Gates and Fences
as a specialized department enables us to properly and satisfactorily handle
your fence and entrance problems. Why not investigate?

A service department capable of designing or suggesting styles of entrances
and fence to harmoniously blend with the surroundings is available.

Dorn Iron JV orks Company - Cleveland^

Wfm

I i-fwm

THE “PEERLESS” HORSE LAWN MOWER GRINDER

PATENTED

The Only Machine
of the Kind On
the Market

Here is what the world has been
looking for — a machine for grind-
ing HORSE and POWER Lawn
Mowers as well as Hand Mowers.
Made by the same people who have
made the famous “Ideal” Hand
Mower Grinders for so many years,
hence is an assured success. Width,
48 inches between the frames. Will
grind the Reel Knives and Straight
Blade of all 40-inch Horse and
Power Lawn Mowers. Will grind
30-inch Pony Lawn Mowers and
all Hand Grinders without remov-
ing reel-knives.

W’RITE TODAY for catalog of
this wonderful machine. It not only
"^saves time and monej', but does the
}work far Imtter than it can possibly
,i' be done by hand. NEEDED BY
EVERY PARK AND CEMETERY.
Also makers of the “Ideal” Hand
Lawn Mower Grinder.

THE ROOT-HEATH MFC. CO.

Dept- P PLYMOUTH, OHIO

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