598.29 NllMBD P.D. SKAAR'S Montana Bird Distribution Seventh Edition 2012 ■4 -v;-*'- r I " 4 Montana State Library lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Bird Records Committee Montana Audubon 3 0864 1006 2269 8 MONTANA Natural Heritage Program Thank You The following businesses, organizations, and agencies contributed significantly to this book. We are pleased to display their logos in appreciation of their support. DIVISION OF FISH, WILDLIFE, RECREATION & CONSERVATION ^J^^ Flathead Audubon ^ __ ^^r c hance^ lit WEIIIInr^ AU/BLrd/Cofuervatlotv GLACIER ^ , . . , NATIONAL PARK. FUND ConttHuea OH t?ack cover. CHECKLIST OF MONTANA BIRDS .■i^p'''''^'TI- n r 1 '£ M •^ 1 1 Br. r •8^ " ^ r ^ V 1 >• to^. ki % mm ^Mf k \ ^ Lewis's Woodpecker Painting by Andrew Guttenburg MJ IW^ M O N T A N , >3) Natural Heritage Program CJH cc MONTANA BIRD RECORDS COMMITTEE I Montana Audubon April 2012 Bird Species Observed in IVIontana through April 2012 Notes: B = Verified breeding records for IVIT b = Indirect evidence of breeding for MT t = No evidence of breeding for IVIT, transient W= Verified overwinter records for MT (12/15-2/15) \N = Present during winter season Species with fewer than 20 accepted records are listed in italics 1 Greater White-fronted Goose t w 2 Snow Goose t w 3 Ross's Goose t w 4 Cackling Goose t W 5 Canada Goose B W 6 Brant t 7 Mute Swan B W 8 Trumpeter Swan B W 9 Tundra Swan t W 10 Wood Duck B W 11 Gadwall B W 12 Eurasian Wigeon t w 13 American Wigeon B W 14 American Black Duck t w 15 Mallard B W 16 Blue-winged Teal B w 17 Cinnamon Teal B W 18 Northern Shoveler B W 19 Northern Pintail B W 20 Garqaney t 21 Green-winged Teal B w 22 Canvasback B w 23 Redhead B w 24 Ring-necked Duck B w 25 Tufted Duck t 26 Greater Scaup t w 27 Lesser Scaup B w 28 Harleguin Duck B w 29 Surf Scoter t w 30 White-winqed Scoter t w 31 Black Scoter t w 32 Long-tailed Duck t w 33 Bufflehead B W 34 Common Goldeneye B W 35 Barrow's Goldeneye B W 36 Hooded Merganser B W 37 Common Meraanser B W 38 Red-breasted Merganser t W 39 Ruddy Duck B w 40 Chukar B w 41 Grav Partridae B w 42 Ring-necked Pheasant B w 43 Ruffed Grouse B w 44 Greater Saae-Grouse B w 45 Spruce Grouse B w 46 Willow Ptarmiaan w 47 White-tailed Ptarmigan B w 48 Dusky Grouse B w 49 Sharp-tailed Grouse B w 50 Greater Prairie-Chicken b 51 Wild Turkey B w 52 Red-throated Loon t 53 Pacific Loon t w 54 Common Loon B W 55 Yellow-billed Loon t w 56 Pied-billed Grebe B W 57 Horned Grebe B W 58 Red-necked Grebe B W 59 Eared Grebe B W 60 Western Grebe B W 61 Clark's Grebe B 62 Manx Shearwater t 63 Wood Stork t 64 Double-crested Cormorant B w 65 American White Pelican B w 66 American Bittern B w 67 Least Bittern t 68 Great Blue Heron B W 69 Great Egret t 70 Snowy Egret B 71 Little Blue Heron t 72 Cattle Egret t 73 Green Heron t 74 Black-crowned Night-Heron B 75 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron t 76 Glossy Ibis t 77 White-faced Ibis B 78 Turkey Vulture B w 79 Osprey B w 80 White-tailed Kite t 81 Mississippi Kite t 82 Bald Eagle B W 83 Northern Harrier B W 84 Sharp-shinned Hawk B W 85 Cooper's Hawk B W 86 Northern Goshawk B W 87 Red-shouldered Hawk t 88 Broad-winged Hawk t 89 Swainson's Hawk B w 90 Red-tailed Hawk B W 91 Ferruginous Hawk B W 92 Rough-legged Hawk t W 93 Golden Eagle B W 94 Crested Caracara t 95 American Kestrel B W 96 Merlin B w 97 Gyrfalcon t w 98 Peregrine Falcon B w 99 Prairie Falcon B w 100 Yellow Rail b 101 Virginia Rail B w 102 Sora B w 103 Common Gallinule t 104 American Coot B w 105 Sandhill Crane B w 106 Whooping Crane t 107 Black-bellied Plover t 108 American Golden-Plover t 109 Snowy Plover b 110 Semipalmated Plover t 111 Piping Plover B 112 Killdeer B w 113 Mountain Plover B 114 Black-necked Stilt B 115 American Avocet B 116 Spotted Sandpiper B w 117 Solitary Sandpiper b 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 Greater Yellowlegs Willet Lesser Yellowlegs Upland Sandpiper Whimbrel Long-billed Curlew Hudsonian Godwit Marbled Godwit Ruddy Turnstone Black Turnstone Red Knot Sanderling Semipalmated Sandpiper Western Sandpiper Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Dunlin Curlew Sandpiper Stilt Sandpiper Buff-breasted Sandpiper Short-billed Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitcher Wilson's Snipe American Woodcock Wilson's Phalarope Red-necked Phalarope Red Phalarope Black-legged Kittiwake Sabine's Gull Bonaparte's Gull Little Gull Ross's Gull Laughing Gull Franklin's Gull Mew Gull Ring-billed Gull California Gull Herring Gull Thayer's Gull Iceland Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull Glaucous-winged Gull Glaucous Gull Great Black-backed Gull Least Tern Caspian Tern Black Tern Common Tern Arctic Tern Forster's Tern Pomarine Jaeger Parasitic Jaeger Long-tailed Jaeger Long-billed Murrelet Ancient Murrelet Rock Pigeon Band-tailed Pigeon Eurasian Collared-Dove White-winged Dove Mourning Dove Inca Dove w W B W w w W W B W B W W W W W w w B W t B W t B w t 182 Yellow-billed Cuckoo b 183 Black-billed Cuckoo B 184 Barn Owl B w 185 Flammulated Owl B w 186 Western Screech-Owl B w 187 Eastern Screech-Owl B W 188 Great Horned Owl B W 189 _ Snowy Owl t W 190 Northern Hawk Owl B W 191 _ Northern Pygmy-Owl B W 192 Burrowing Owl B w 193 Barred Owl B W 194 _ Great Gray Owl B W 195 _ Long-eared Owl B W 196 Short-eared Owl B W 197 Boreal Owl B w 198 Northern Saw-whet Owl B w 199 _ Common Nighthawk B 200 Common Poorwill B 201 _ Whip-poor-will sp. t 202 Black Swift B 203 _ Chimney Swift B 204 Vaux's Swift B 205 White-throated Swift B 206 _ Ruby-throated Hummingbird B 207 Black-chinned Hummingbird B 208 Anna's Hummingbird t w 209 _ Costa's Hummingbird t 210 _ Calliope Hummingbird B 211 Broad-tailed Hummingbird B 212 _ Rufous Hummingbird B 213 _ Belted Kingfisher B w 214 _ Lewis's Woodpecker B w 215 _ Red-headed Woodpecker B w 216 _ Red-bellied Woodpecker t 217 Williamson's Sapsucker B 218 _ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker t 219 _ Red-naped Sapsucker B w 220 _ Downy Woodpecker B W 221 _ Hairy Woodpecker B W 222 _ White-headed Woodpecker t w 223 American Three-toed Woodpecket B W 224 Black-backed Woodpecker B W 225 Northern Flicker B W 226 Pileated Woodpecker B W 227 Olive-sided Flycatcher B 228 Western Wood-Pewee B 229 Eastern Wood-Pewee t 230 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher t 231 Alder Flycatcher b 232 Willow Flycatcher B 233 Least Flycatcher B 234 Hammond's Flycatcher B 235 Gray Flycatcher B 236 Dusky Flycatcher B 237 Cordilleran Flycatcher B 238 Eastern Phoebe t w 239 Say's Phoebe B w 240 Vermilion Flycatcher w 241 Ash-throated Flycatcher t 242 Great Crested Flycatcher t 243 Cassin's Kingbird B 244 Western Kingbird B w 245 Eastern Kingbird B 246 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher t 247 Loggerhead Shrike B W 248 Northern Shrike t W 249 White-eyed Vireo b 250 Yellow-throated Vireo b 251 Plumbeous Vireo B 252 Cassin's Vireo B 253 Blue-headed Vireo t 254 Warbling Vireo B 255 Philadelphia Vireo t 256 Red-eyed Vireo B 257 Gray Jay B W 258 Pinyon Jay B W 259 Steller's Jay B W 260 Blue Jay B W 261 Western Scrub-Jay t W 262 Clark's Nutcracker B W 263 Black-billed Magpie B W 264 American Crow B W 265 Common Raven B W 266 Horned Lark B W 267 Purple Martin B 268 Tree Swallow B 269 Violet-green Swallow B 270 Northern Rough-winged Swallow B 271 Bank Swallow B 272 Cliff Swallow B 273 Barn Swallow B 274 . Black-capped Chickadee B W 275 Mountain Chickadee B W 276 Chestnut-sided Chickadee B W 277 Boreal Chickadee B W 278 Red-breasted Nuthatch B W 279 White-breasted Nuthatch B W 280 Pygmy Nuthatch B W 281 . Brown Creeper B W 282 Rock Wren B w 283 _ Canyon Wren B W 284 Carolina Wren t 285 Bewick's Wren t W 286 House Wren B w 287 Pacific Wren B W 288 Winter Wren t 289 _ Sedge Wren B 290 Marsh Wren B W 291 _ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher B 292 , American Dipper B W 293 _ Golden-crowned Kinglet B W 294 . Ruby-crowned Kinglet B W 295 Eastern Bluebird B w 296 Western Bluebird B w 297 Mountain Bluebird B w 298 Townsend's Solitaire B W 299 _ Veery B 300 _ Gray-cheeked Thrush t 301 Swainson's Thrush B 302 Hermit Thrush B w 303 Wood Thrush t 304 American Robin B W 305 Varied Thrush B W 306 _ Gray Catbird B w 307 _ Northern Mockingbird B W 308 _ Sage Thrasher B 309 _ Brown Thrasher B W 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 Curve-billed Thrasher t W European Starling B W Siberian Accentor t W American Pipit B w Sprague's Pipit B Bohemian Waxwinq b w Cedar Waxwing B w Lapland Longspur t w Chestnut-collared Longspur B Smith 's Longspur t McCown's Longspur B Snow Bunting t w Ovenbird B Northern Waterthrush B Golden-winged Warbler t Blue-winged Warbler t Black-and-White Warbler B Prothonotary Warbler t Tennessee Warbler B Oranqe-crowned Warbler B Nashville Warbler B Connecticut Warbler t MacGillivray's Warbler B Mourning Warbler t Kentucky Warbler t Common Yellowthroat B w Hooded Warbler t American Redstart B Cape May Warbler t Northern Parula t Magnolia Warbler t Bay-breasted Warbler t Blackburnian Warbler t Yellow Warbler B Chestnut-sided Warbler t Blackpoll Warbler t Black-throated Blue Warbler t w Palm Warbler t w Pine Warbler t Yellow-rumped Warbler B w Yellow-throated Warbler t w Prairie Warbler t Black-throated Gray Warbler B w Townsend's Warbler B Black-throated Green Warbler t Canada Warbler t Wilson's Warbler B Painted Redstart t Yellow-breasted Chat B Green-tailed Towhee Spotted Towhee Eastern Towhee American Tree Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Clay-colored Sparrow Brewer's Sparrow . Field Sparrow . Vesper Sparrow Lark Sparrow . Black-throated Sparrow . Sage Sparrow Lark Bunting Savannah Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow B W B W t t W B W B B B B B t B B B B w w 374 Baird's Sparrow B 375 Le Conte's Sparrow B w 376 Nelson's Sparrow B 377 Fox Sparrow B w 378 Song Sparrow B W 379 Lincoln's Sparrow B w 380 Swamp Sparrow t W 381 White-throated Sparrow t W 382 Harris's Sparrow t W 383 White-crowned Sparrow B W 384 Golden-crowned Sparrow b w 385 Dark-eyed Junco B W 386 Summer Tanaqer t 387 Scarlet Tanaqer t 388 Western Tanaqer B 389 Northern Cardinal t W 390 Pyrrhuloxia t 391 Rose-breasted Grosbeak B w 392 Black-headed Grosbeak B W 393 Blue Grosbeak B 394 Lazuli Bunting B 395 Indigo Bunting b 396 Painted Bunting t w 397 Dickcissel B 398 Bobolink B 399 Red-winged Blackbird B W 400 Eastern Meadowlark t 401 Western Meadowlark B W 402 Yellow-headed Blackbird B W 403 Rusty Blackbird t W 404 Brewer's Blackbird B W 405 Common Grackle B w 406 Great-tailed Grackle b 407 Brown-headed Cowbird B w 408 Orchard Oriole B 409 Hooded Oriole t 410 Bullock's Oriole B w 411 Baltimore Oriole B 412 Brambling t W 413 Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch B W 414 Black Rosy-Finch B W 415 Pine Grosbeak B W 416 Purple Finch t W 417 Cassin's Finch B W 418 House Finch B W 419 Red Crossbill B w 420 White-winged Crossbill b w 421 Common Redpoll t w 422 Hoary Redpoll t w 423 Pine Siskin B w 424 Lesser Goldfinch B w 425 American Goldfinch B w 426 Evening Grosbeak B w 427 House Sparrow B w This checklist is based on the Montana Bird Records Committee official list, available online at: http://mtaudubon.org/birds/ mbrc.html and the Montana Bird Distribution Database, also available online at: http://mtnhp.org/tracker. This list can also be downloaded at: http://fwp.mt.gov/fishAndWildlife/ nongameCheckoff/birds.html and http://www.mtnhp. org/animal/. Montana Nongame Wildlife Checkoff 2012 MT Bird Distribution This edition of P.D. Skzzr's Montana Bird Distribution presents the most current information available on the distribution of birds in Montana, representing hundreds of thousands of observations reported by thousands of individuals across the state. This edition: • Presents breeding and wintering maps for 427 bird species. • Introduces maps for 1 8 new species. • Provides a state check-list of all species included in this edition in taxonomic order. • Displays current, previous edition, and historical information on each breeding season map. • Presents a list of rare birds for Montana (those species reported fewer than 20 times). • Includes new travel maps to aid field observations. To submit observations, investigate the records used to generate the maps in this book, and contribute to a better understanding of the birds of Montana, log online: http://mtnhp.org/observations.asp. This book was produced by: Montana Audubon Montana Bird Records Committee Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks Montana Natural Heritage Program p. D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution Seventh Edition Updated and revised by the Montana Bird Distribution Committee: Montana Audubon Amy Cilimburg Janet Elhs Montana Bird Records Committee Coburn Currier Dan Sulhvan Montana Department of Fish, WildUfe & Parks Scott Story Catherine Wightman Montana Natural Heritage Program Paul Hendricks Susan Lenard Bryce Maxell 2012 L' Major support for this project was provided by the Wildlife Tax Checkoff Fund The price of this book is $15 plus $5 shipping and handling. Copies may be purchased through Montana Audubon, P.O. Box 595, Helena, MT 59624, 406-443-3949. © 2012 Montana Audubon This publication should be cited as: Montana Bird Distribution Committee. 2012. P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution, l'^ Edition. Montana Audubon, Helena, Montana 208 pp + foldout map. 11 Table of Contents Dedication iv Foreword v Acknowledgements vi Introduction 1 History of P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution 1 Montana Bird Distribution Partnership 2 Birds New to the 7th Edition 3 Taxonomic Changes 3 The Official Bird List for the State of Montana 4 Latilongs, Quarter Latilongs, and Quarter-quarter Latilongs 5 Montana Bird Distribution Database 6 Montana Bird Distribution on the Internet 6 Interpreting the Maps 7 Status Bars, Number of Records, and Species Status 9 Codes and Criteria (B, b, t, W, and w) 10 Legend 12 Species Distribution Maps 13 Appendix A. Submission of New Records 173 Appendix B. Bird Observation Report Form 176 Appendix C. Rare Birds 177 Appendix D. Montana Rare Bird Report Form 179 Appendix E. Threatened (T), Endangered (E), Candidate Species (C), other Species of Concern (SOC), and Species of Interest (SI) 180 Appendix F. Subspecies 182 Appendix G. Introduced Species 183 Appendix H. Hypothetical Records 184 Appendix I. Extinct Species 185 Appendix J. A Summary of Bird Record Information by Latilong 185 Appendix K. Why Bird Distribution Information is Important 186 Appendix L. Contributors to this Edition 190 Appendix M. Checklist of Birds of Montana 192 References 195 Index 196 Notes 200 Travel Maps 201 ni Dedication Don Stoecker Don Stoecker was born in 1933 and grew up during the Depression. His parents moved often in search of work and most of Don's childhood was spent on small farms in California and Louisiana. During those years, Don developed an appreciation for nature and hard work. After serving in the Navy from 1953 to 1961, he moved to Montana and worked as a farm laborer in the Big Hole and Georgetown Lake areas until he retired in 1995. During his time as a ranch-hand Don developed his interest in birds. In order to follow his passion, upon retirement he took to a life on the road, living out of his self-contained "home on wheels" van, a mobile library of bird books and references. His license plate "Birder" attested to the focus of his pursuits. Don was the first person to develop a bird list for the "Settling Ponds" as they were then known, now the Warm Springs Wildlife Management Area near Anaconda. He also developed the first published bird checklist for the Deer Lodge National Forest, taught adult education classes in Deer Lodge and Anaconda on birding, and together with a few other interested folks in the Butte and Dillon areas, helped to establish the Pintler Audubon Society. In addition to his bird work in southwestern Montana, Don also felt it was important to gather bird observations throughout the state. As a result, he contributed thousands of records from across Montana for earlier editions ofPD. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution. WTien summer birds migrated south for the winter, so did Don. In his retirement, he would leave Montana in his van by late September and spend winters as a volunteer in National Wildlife Refiages in Texas, Arizona, and California. Don relished the opportunity to do helpful manual labor and guide folks on bird walks. In 2009, Don found he was not well enough to travel; he is now in a retirement center in Deer Lodge. Don was not a formally trained ornithologist, but an avid and enthusiastic self-taught birder. His interests propelled him across thousands of miles and prompted him to record hundreds of pages of handwritten observation notes. Don combined his love for birds and people to become a significant citizen scientist who gathered thousands of records in out-of-the-way places. In 2005, he was recognized for his efforts with a Lifetime Achievement award from Montana Audubon. Don is a great example of a common man who made a positive, lasting contribution toward understanding birds and their distributions in Montana. ^'* MONTANA'^1 IV Foreword The periodic publication oi Montana Bird Distribution has provided birders and conservationists direct access to the state of our knowledge of bird distribution for more than three decades. This 7'^ edition, representing the cumulative efforts of thousands of amateur birders and professional ornithologists across the state, gives us insight not only to the changing distribution of birds, but the extraordinary growth in our ability to capture knowledge. In his forward to the Sixth Edition, Jeff Marks referred to the "mind-boggling" increase of 39,000 bird records that were entered between the fifth and sixth editions. This edition includes more than 800,000 new records, and soon the Montana Bird Distribution (MBD) database will break the one million record barrier! This is a testament not only to the diligence of the Natural Heritage Program staff and MBD partners in incorporating additional agency and volunteer datasets (e.g., the Christmas Bird Count, Breeding Bird Survey, and colonial waterbird surveys), but also to the nature of birding in the information age. Online data entry, social networks, handheld data devices with GPS and bird apps, and digital cameras have greatly increased the quantity and quality of distribution data submitted by amateur birders. We now have a data entry web portal, the Montana's Outdoor Birding Group (MOB-Montana) listserv with more than 500 members, more than 250 eBird users registered in the state, and a continually growing base of informed and engaged amateur naturalists. More than 2,700 people contributed new records to this edition; there are 85 individuals with more than 1,000 records, and four with more than 10,000. This 7'^ edition is nothing short of an amazing team effort. This book includes 15 new species to the Official State Bird List since the 6''' edition, including unexpected vagrants from afar (e.g., Manx Shearwater, Siberian Accentor, Ross's Gull), as well as species from the Montana Bird Records Committee's hypothetical list added because of new records (e.g., Glossy Ibis, Iceland Gull). Eight new species have been confirmed breeding in the state (e.g. Gray Flycatcher, Purple Martin, Ovenbird), and 1 1 species have been newly confirmed as winter visitors (e.g.. Eastern Bluebird, Bewick's Wren). The Eurasian Collared-Dove, reported just five times as of the Q^ edition, is now a confirmed breeder and a year-round resident statewide. The Montana Bird Records Committee has dropped documentation requirements for this and at least seven other species formerly considered rare (e.g., Thayer's Gull, Lesser Goldfinch). But let us not take it for granted that we know all we need to know. Confirmed breeding (B) records are still scarce or lacking for many species, even for some with a long history of suspected or probable breeding (b) records in the state (e.g., Alder Flycatcher, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, White-winged Crossbill). There are still gaps in our knowledge in those places visited infrequently, particularly during winter. Browsing the maps will help you see where your own time in the field can help fill these gaps. And as we move forward, one thing is certain: bird populations and communities will respond as our human population continues to grow, and as climate and land use changes alter the Montana landscape. You and I have the opportunity to track these changes to better inform conservation and management and to continually refine our knowledge of (and connection to) Montana's avian riches. It has taken more than the expected five years to produce this edition of Montana Bird Distribution. I think you will agree with me that it has been well worth the wait. I hope that having this edition in our glove box or daypack, next to our computer, and in our classroom will continue to inspire us to explore, look closely, and share our experiences. Dan Casey Northern Rockies Bird Conservation Region Coordinator, American Bird Conservancy Chair, Montana Bird Records Committee Acknowledgements The Montana Bird Distribution Committee is responsible for the production of this edition oi Montana Bird Distribution. Members include Amy Cilimburg, Coburn Currier, Janet Ellis, Paul Hendricks, Susan Lenard, Bryce Maxell, Scott Story, Dan Sullivan, and Catherine Wightman. The Montana Bird Records Committee reviewed rare bird sightings and provided advice and comment on a number of issues for this edition. The Records Committee is currently comprised of Dan Casey, Chuck Carlson, John Carlson, Coburn Currier, Nate Kohler, Rose Leach, Harriet Marble, Jeff Marks, Bob Martinka, Ted Nordhagen, Fritz Prellwitz, Mike Schwitters, and Dan Sullivan. We also thank past members Bob Eng and Terry McEneaney for their contributions since the last edition of this book. Thanks to the committee for its continuing efforts and dedication to a better understanding of Montana birds. We are grateful to the thousands of contributors who submitted hundreds of thousands of recent records to make this edition possible (see Appendix L). Jock Young, Dick Hutto, and Kristina Smucker contributed data from the University of Montana Landbird Monitoring Program. Brian Sullivan of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology arranged the contribution of data from eBird. Denver Holt contributed data from the Owl Research Institute. Thousands of records have also been added from the U.S. Geological Survey Breeding Bird Surveys; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Bald Eagle, Waterbird, Common Loon, and Lek Surveys; National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Counts; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Shorebird Surveys; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Marsh Bird Surveys; Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory surveys; and numerous other federal, state, tribal, and non-governmental efforts on behalf of birds and their distributions in Montana. Thank you to Montana Natural Heritage Program employees Scott Blum and Martin Miller for entering records and answering data requests; Karen Coleman and Dave Ratz for maintaining the database structure and various internet interfaces; and past employees Dan Bachen, Alexis McEwan, and Kathy Martin for their work on records entry. Past and current Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks staff Steve Carson, Emily Dixon, Andrew Jakes, Adam Messer, and Adam Petersen all contributed to entering records into the MBD database. A special thank you is extended to Dr. Kim Scott, Archivist at the Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections at Montana State University Library, for allowing us to photograph P.D. Skaar's original records. Thanks also to Cedron Jones and Dan Sullivan for entering data. Gary Swant drafted the dedication and provided the photograph of Don's license plate; Jack Kirkley edited the dedication and provided additional background information. JefFMarks edited this edition. Financial support for this edition came with the cooperation of the following individuals and organizations: Bill Kitterman Audubon Endowment Fund and the Audubon Wildlife Fund of Montana (Montana Audubon); Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (Wildlife Tax Checkoff); Bitterroot Audubon Society; Bureau of Indian Affairs (Jarvis Gust); Bureau of Land Management (John Carlson); Bureau of Reclamation (Jeff Baumberger/Justin Kucera); Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes' Division of Fish, Wildlife, Recreation & Conservation (Dale Becker); Five Valleys Audubon Society; Flathead Audubon Society; Glacier National Park Fund (Merry Lynn Southers/Jane Ratzlaff); Intermountain West Joint Venture (Dave Smith); Last Chance Audubon Society; Mission Mountain Audubon Society; Montana Audubon; Montana Natural Heritage Program; MPG Ranch; National Park Service (Lisa Bate/Mark Biel); The Nature Conservancy (Kat Imhoff); Northern Great Plains Joint Venture (Ken Sambor); Northwestern Energy (Sam Milodragovich); Pintler Audubon Society; Plum Creek Foundation; Prairie Pothole Joint Venture (Casey Stemler); Sacajawea Audubon Society in memory of Margaret Hileman; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Shawn Sartorius); U.S. Forest vi Service - Region 1 (Beth Hahn); Upper Missouri Breaks Audubon Society; Westech Environmental Services, Inc. (Pat Farmer); Western Area Power Administration (Lou Hanebury); and Yellowstone Valley Audubon Society. The Bill Kitterman Audubon Endowment Fund, located at the Montana Community Foundation, is a permanent endowment dedicated to supporting Audubon's Montana Bird Distribution program. For more information about making contributions to this fund, contact Montana Audubon, P.O. Box 595, Helena, MT 59624, 406-443-3949. The work of 12 artists appears in this publication. Their generosity, time, and talent have significantly improved the book's appearance. Andrew Guttenburg: Lewis's Woodpecker, cover; Yellow Rail, p. 49; White-throated Swift, p. 86; Northern Shrike, p. 102; Wilson's Warbler, p. 143; Red Crossbill, p. 168, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, p. 181. Sharon Browder: Yellow-headed Blackbird, p. 161. John Carlson: Rough-legged Hawk, p. 200. Marsha Davis: Downy Woodpecker, p. 198; Evening Grosbeak, p. 170. Sid Frissell: Great Blue Heron, p. 37; Northern Flicker, p. 94. Ron Jenkins: Cooper's Hawk, p. 43; Wilson's Snipe, p. 64; Great Horned Owl, pp. 80 and 172; Black-chinned Hummingbird, p. vii; Bullock's Oriole, p. 164. James Jokerst: Downy Woodpecker, p. 92; American Dipper, p. 119. Phyllis Kober: Green-winged Teal, p. 20; Dusky Grouse, p. 30; Whimbrel, p. 57; Bonaparte's Gull, p. 67; Black-billed Cuckoo, p. 78; Gray Jay, p. 106; Chestnut-collared Longspur, p. 128; Field Sparrow, p. 147, Northern Hawk Owl, p. 194. Jerry Kustich: Red-necked Grebe, p. 4; Killdeer, p. 53; American Tree Sparrow, p. 145. Susan Lenard: House Wren, p. 117; Black-and-white Warbler, p. 131. Jan Metzmaker: Canada Goose, p. 15; Wood Duck, p. ii; Common Loon, p. 32; Osprey, p. 41; Calliope Hummingbird, pp. 88 and 190; Black-capped Chickadee, p. 112; Yellow Warbler, p. 137. We also used the Common Tern illustration (p. 73) from an anonymous artist. We appreciate the use of their illustration although they are not specifically identified. We also thank DD Dowden for her book cover design. Vll Introduction This publication is a summary of observation records of all birds currently found on Montana's Official State Bird List, with maps indicating breeding, migration, and wintering distribution areas for each species. The species are listed in taxonomic order. The maps portray the data contained in the database and do not presume to be a complete representation of the distribution of all species across the state. Instead, they provide a picture of where birds have been seen and reported. Two maps appear for each bird species, one representing observations made during the breeding season, the other representing observations recorded during the wintering season. This book, as well as Montana's official state bird list, currently has: • 427 species recorded for the state; • 260 confirmed breeders; and • 233 species reported during winter. Of these, 104 bird species are considered rare in the state, which generally means that they have been recorded fewer than 20 times in Montana (Appendix C). An additional 1 1 species are of hypothetical occurrence (Appendix H) and may make their way into future editions of this book. One species is known extinct in Montana (Appendix I). For the first time, this book includes "status bars" for each bird species, a graph showing the relative number of bird observations recorded for each species for each month of the year. Montana's size and diverse topography, ecology, and climate all contribute to the great variety and abundance of birds across the state. Distribution and abundance of the avifauna, however, is affected by increases in Montana's human population and changes in the Montana landscape. Some generalist species, those that tend to thrive in human-altered landscapes, are exhibiting population increases and associated range expansions. Specialized species such as Mountain Plover and Yellow-billed Cuckoo that require specific habitats have been negatively affected by human development. Alteration of their natural habitat reduces the ability of these birds to survive and reproduce, ultimately making them increasingly rare. Gathering more complete information about the distribution of birds across Montana can help us gain a better understanding of human impacts on the landscape and can contribute to more successful conservation efforts. Everyone's submissions of bird observations can help bird conservation in Montana. By submitting bird observations to the MBD database, each of us is ensuring that the best source of reliable, objective information about the status and distribution of bird species found in Montana stays current over time. For more information on submitting new records to the database, see Appendix A; for information on why bird distribution information is important, see Appendix K. History of P. D. Sk^LSirs Montana Bird Distribution This book bears the name of Dr. Palmer David Skaar (1923-1983), who arrived in Montana in 1957 to join the faculty of Montana State College (now Montana State University). Although his professional field was microbial genetics, Dr. Skaar did more to further the study of Montana birds than any other individual since Aretas A. Saunders published A Distributional List of the Birds of Montana in 1921. Dr. Skaar's contagious enthusiasm and his involvement in the study of Montana bird distribution earned him great respect throughout the state. 1 The maps in this book use a unit of area called a "latilong," which represents the rectangular area of land formed by the intersection of latitude and longitude mapping lines (see Latilongs, Quarter Latilongs, and Quarter-quarter Latilongs, page 5). Having pioneered the latilong concept to depict animal distribution, Dr. Skaar's definitive Birds of the Bozeman Latilong., published in 1969, is a model regional bird account. The influence of his first edition oi Montana Bird Distribution, published in 1975, was tremendous. It motivated volunteers and professionals across the state, and resulted in careful ornithological scrutiny of vast areas of Montana that had never before been studied. Since the publication of the first edition of Montana Bird Distribution, several classes of animals in other states have been mapped using the latilong system. In addition, the annual Breeding Bird Surveys coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey and Canadian Wildlife Service use this system. Dr. Skaar published the 2nd edition o^ Montana Bird Distribution in 1980. The 3rd edition was published in 1985 by his son, Don Skaar, Dennis Flath, and Larry Thompson (Skaar et al. 1985). The 4th edition appeared in March 1992 (Bergeron et al. 1992), with two innovations. First, it introduced quarter latilongs to better define species' distributions. Second, and more significantly, the maps in the 4th edition were generated from a database of distribution records. The 5th (Montana Bird Distribution Committee 1996) and 6th editions (Lenard et al. 2003) also used this database to generate distribution maps (see Montana Bird Distribution Database, page 6). The 5th edition included subspecies maps for a few selected species (e.g.. Dark-eyed Junco), as well as information on the number of sightings reported for each species since the previous edition. The 6th edition (Lenard et al. 2003) introduced color-coded species maps, showing bird observations for three timeframes. Each update of P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution is cumulative, adding new bird records to those documented historically. Recently, 12 boxes of Dr. Skaar's personal records, accumulated observations, correspondence, and notes were deposited in the Special Collections department of the Montana State University Library and made available to the Montana Bird Distribution Committee. This ornithological archive provided valuable details concerning specific location, date, and observer information of historical observations. It also added many previously unknown records for this edition. Thus, this 7th edition is, in the truest sense, one of Dr. Skaar's ongoing legacies. Future editions will continue as a direct result of his inspirational and visionary effbrts. Montana Bird Distribution Partnership The Montana Bird Distribution Partnership, comprised of Montana Audubon, the Montana Bird Records Committee, the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the Montana Natural Heritage Program, oversees the Montana Bird Distribution database and its associated products. These organizations have been collaborating informally since 1991, and under a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) since 2007. The main goal of the MBD partnership is to track the distribution of all bird species in the state over time in order to promote the stewardship of bird species and their habitats. The partnership does this by: (1) facilitating the collection of high quality observation records by both professional and non-professional birders; (2) maintaining records in a high quality, accurate, and comprehensive database; and (3) providing meaningful access to bird distribution information. Products of the partnership include Montana Bird Distribution, created by the MBD Committee, as well as web-based information sources such as the Montana Field Guide, Natural Heritage Tracker, 1 Natural Heritage Map Viewer, Montana Audubon web pages, and Montana Bird Record Committee web pages. Birds New to the 7th Edition In the nine years since the 6th edition oi Montana Bird Distribution, 18 new species have been added to Montana's official checklist. These include 1 5 species never before documented in the state and three species added because of a taxonomic change. The new species are: Cackling Goose (a split from Canada Goose), Tufted Duck, Manx Shearwater, Glossy Ibis, White-tailed Kite, Crested Caracara, Ross's Gull, Iceland Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Long-billed Murrelet (a split from Ancient Murrelet), Inca Dove, Carolina Wren, Pacific Wren (a split from Winter Wren), Curve-billed Thrasher, Siberian Accentor, Blue-winged Warbler, Eastern Towhee, and Eastern Meadowlark. Confirmed breeding (represented by a "B" on the maps) has been recorded for the first time in eight species: Eurasian Collared-Dove, Gray Flycatcher, Plumbeous Vireo, Purple Martin, Ovenbird, Rose- breasted Grosbeak, Blue Grosbeak, and Lesser Goldfinch. The breeding Rose-breasted Grosbeak was a male bird attending a nest and paired with a female Black-headed Grosbeak. Also, 1 1 species have been reported during "winter" (represented by a "w" or "W" on the maps) for the first time: Ross's Goose, Eurasian Wigeon, Surf Scoter, Greater Yellowlegs, Eurasian Collared-Dove, Western Scrub-Jay, Bewick's Wren, Eastern Bluebird, Common Yellowthroat, Northern Cardinal, and Lincoln's Sparrow. Taxonomic Changes All common and scientific names, as well as taxonomic sequences, follow the seventh edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 1998) and all supplements to the check-list published through 2011 (AOU 2011). Prior to the publication of the 6th edition o^ Montana Bird Distribution, the AOU began producing annual supplements to the Check-list of North American Birds. The frequency with which taxonomic changes were occurring demanded a quicker response from the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature. This frequency is evident in the significant and numerous taxonomic changes appearing in this edition of MBD. Some of the most significant taxonomic changes aff^ecting this book include: • The Anseriformes (Ducks, geese, and swans) and the Galliformes (Grouse and pheasants) were moved in front of the Gaviiformes (Loons). • The common name of the Rock Dove became Rock Pigeon. • The Three-toed Woodpecker became the American Three-toed Woodpecker, and its Latin name changed from Picoides tridactylus to Picoides doralis. • The Cackling Goose {Branta hutchinsii) was elevated to species status after splitting from the Canada Goose. • The Blue Grouse was split into two species, the coastal Sooty Grouse and the interior Dusky Grouse (the Latin name of Dusky Grouse remains Dendragapus obscurus). • The common name of Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow changed to Nelson's Sparrow. • The Winter Wren was split into three species, two of which, the Pacific Wren {Troglodytes pacificus) and Winter Wren {Troglodytes hiemalis), occur in Montana. • The Common Moorhen was split into two species, Common Moorhen (Old World) and Common Gallinule (New World). The scientific name of Common Gallinule changed from Gallinula chloropus to Gallinula galeata. • Many changes occurred within the Parulidae (wood- warblers), including generic reassignments and taxonomic sequence changes. For a complete list of all taxonomic changes between the 6th and 7th Edition oi MBD, visit http:// vyww.mtaudubon.org/birds/distribution.html. 3 The Official Bird List for the State of Montana Montana's official state bird list is maintained by the Montana Bird Records Committee (MBRC). Because birders play a critical role in furthering our understanding of bird distributions in the state, it is important to have rigorous review of bird records to maintain a meaningful list of Montana birds. Consequently, the MBRC reviews documentation submitted for species new to the state or of sufficient rarity (locally, regionally, or statewide). Observations for these species require a Rare Bird Report Form (found in Appendix D). This review occurs in order to provide an objective opinion on the validity of reports of unusual species, or species presence during unusual times of the year, by a panel of professional and non-professional expert birders. Rare bird reports are evaluated by the MBRC before the observations can be entered into the MBD database. For a list of rare birds reviewed by the MBRC, including regional exceptions for reporting requirements, see Appendix C. Based on records evaluated through January 2012, the state list stands at 427 species (Appendix M). In addition to reviewing rare bird records, the MBRC reviews information on introduced species, with specific requirements that must be met before a species is considered established and placed on the official state bird list. For this reason, neither Northern Bobwhite nor California Quail is currently on Montana's official state bird list (see Appendix G). The MBRC also maintains a list of Hypothetical Records (also known as the Supplemental Bird List) (see Appendix H). This list contains: (1) species reported by a single observer only (with no photo or specimen); (2) species for which only one independent write-up was received even though multiple observers were present; and (3) species of uncertain origin that may have escaped captivity. These species are not yet on the official state list. Latilongs, Quarter Latilongs, and Quarter-Quarter Latilongs The maps in this book are the outhne of Montana, with a grid pattern overlaying the state in units called latilongs and quarter latilongs. The back cover of this book illustrates this grid pattern and how the latilong system is positioned across the state. Montana is divided into 49 latilongs, 185 quarter latilongs, and more than 700 quarter-quarter latilongs (a unit for which data is collected, but because of their small size, are not shown in this book). The Travel Maps, found on pages 200 to 207 depict latilongs, quarter latilongs, and quarter-quarter latilongs. Latilongs (LL) are assigned a number, 1 through 49, starting at the northwest corner of the state. The average dimension of each latilong is 47 miles (76 km) wide and 69 miles (111 km) long, representing an average area of approximately 3,200 square miles (8,436 sq. km). Because of the earth's curvature, latilongs along the Canadian border are 5.4 percent smaller than those along the Wyoming border. Latilongs 48 and 49 cover only small portions of southwestern Montana. Quarter Latilongs (QLL) are created by evenly dividing each latilong unit into four quarters. Each quarter latilong is identified by its associated latilong number, with the addition of a letter (A, B, C, or D), ordered left to right and from top to bottom (see Figure 1). Thus, latilong 19 is broken into 4 QLLs: 19A, 19B, 19C, and 19D. QLLs cover an area roughly 24 miles (38 km) by 35 miles (56 km). Figure 1. Quarter latilongs are created by dividing each latilong unit into four quarters; quarter-quarter latilongs by dividing each quarter latilong into four quarters. Quarter-Quarter Latilongs (QQLL) are a further subdivision of quarter latilongs. Although QQLLs are too detailed for presentation in this publication, records in the MBD database include a QQLL designation if the original report has detailed location information allowing this to be determined. QQLLs are created by evenly dividing each quarter latilong into four quarters. Each QQLL is identified by its associated LL number and QLL letter in the same manner as for QLLs, with the addition of a number (1, 2, 3, or 4), ordered left to right and from top to bottom. Thus, latilong 19 is divided into 16 QQLLs: 19A1, 19A2, 19A3, 19A4, 19B1, etc. QQLLs cover an area roughly 12 miles (19 km) by 17 miles (28 km). Montana Audubon is sponsoring an "adopt a QQLL" program to gain a more complete picture of the bird species found in specific areas. For more information on this program, visit http://www.mtaudubon.org/birds/distributionQQLL.html. Montana Bird Distribution Database The MBD database contains observation records for the birds of Montana submitted by organizations, agencies, and volunteer contributors from across the state. Starting in 1991, observations were entered into an electronic database housed at the Montana Natural Heritage Program in the Montana State Library in Helena. Since then the database has become quite complex in order to deal with a wide variety of survey information and to power a number of web applications (see Montana Bird Distribution on the Internet below). The number of observations in the database has grown dramatically since its inception, resulting from increased electronic storage and processing capabilities. This has made it possible to handle large data sets of standardized surveys from the Breeding Bird Survey, Christmas Bird Count, and Avian Science Center (Missoula), among others. As of 13 March 2012, there were 871,51 1 records in the database. These are from 78,300 unique locations across Montana, with anywhere from 1 to 3,358 records associated with individual locations. For a summary of the (1) total number of bird species that have been reported in each latilong, and (2) the total number of bird records in the MBD database for each latilong, see Appendix J. Montana Bird Distribution on the Internet A number of excellent internet resources are available to individuals interested in learning more about bird distribution and/or birding in Montana. Links to these resources can be found at: http:// mtaudubon.org/birds/resources.html. The following websites are based on the MBD database and are updated daily: Montana Field Guide: Perhaps the easiest way to access a variety of information on individual species known to occur in Montana is through the Montana Field Guide http://fieldguide.mt.gov/. Individual bird species accounts on this site provide photos, bird calls, range maps, natural history information, habitat use and associations, food habits, and more. The accounts also include daily updated maps and charts compatible with the maps found in this book. Natural Heritage MapViewer and Tracker websites: Individuals interested in more specific information about the distribution of birds in the state should use the Natural Heritage MapViewer http://mrnhp.org/mapviewer/ and/or Natural Heritage Tracker http://mtnhp.org/tracker/ websites. These interactive websites allow users to submit their observations electronically, as well as perform individual tailored searches of the records. These searches could, for example, answer such questions as: which species occur in the Miles City area; what is the current distribution of the Indigo Bunting in Montana; how many times, and where, has the American Bittern been reported since 2003; and what species are reported as breeding during the month of July in the Poison area? Individuals may also query the database by species, breeding or wintering status, location (LL, QLL, or QQLL), month, year, and more. Tutorials on the use of either of these websites can be found at http://mtnhp.org/ webinars/ or under the Help menus. Interpreting the Maps The maps on the following pages indicate the distribution of birds based upon observations made during two distinct seasons: • BREEDING SEASON (16 February to 14 December, which includes spring and fall migrations for many species); and • WINTERING SEASON ( 1 5 December to 1 5 February) . The breeding-season maps are the larger maps located to the right on each page; the wintering- season maps are found on the left. The letter displayed in each of the QLL blocks describes the status of the bird species observed in that particular QLL. The status shows whether the species recorded for that QLL exhibited behavior indicating "breeding," "indirect evidence of breeding," "no evidence of breeding (transient)," "wintering," or was "observed at least once during the wintering season." The status of bird observations is indicated by a lettered symbol: B = direct evidence of breeding b = indirect evidence of breeding t = no evidence of breeding W = overwintering w = seen during winter, but not confirmed as overwintering More complete definitions for B, b, t, W, and w can be found under Codes and Criteria (B, b, t, W, and w) on page 10. As of 13 March 2012, the database contained the following number of records: B = 29,338; b = 545,974; W = 3,697; w = 53,91 1; and t = 238,591 (total records 871,51 1). Breeding-Season Maps The breeding maps in this book depict data in three different time frames: • "New" observations (2003-2011) represented by a symbol (B, b, or t) in the center of each block.* • "Previous" observations (1991-2002) represented by the background color in each block (B=dark gray, b=light green, t=yellow).* • "Historical" observations (data prior to 1991) represented by solid gray in LL blocks and as hatching in QLL blocks. The solid gray or hatch marks do not denote status of the observations: direct evidence of breeding, indirect evidence of breeding, or transient (B, b, or t). Instead, they simply indicate an observation of this species prior to 1991, but not since. This information is provided to help understand where birds were seen historically, but have not been reported for the past twenty years.* The symbol within each quarter latilong rectangle displays the highest documented status for that species for that quarter latilong ("B" higher than "b" higher than "t"). Different from the previous editions, observations with transient ("t") status are represented by the color yellow, rather than gray. 7 Wintering-Season Maps The wintering maps are smaller in size. In order for them to be readable, the data are presented in latilong blocks. As with the breeding maps, the symbol within each latilong rectangle displays the highest documented status for that species for that latilong ("W" is higher than "w"). The wintering maps in this book depict data in two different time frames: • "New" observations (2003-2011) are represented by a symbol (W or w) in the center of each block.* • "Previous edition" observations (historical to 2002) are represented by the background color in each block (W=darker blue, w=lighter blue).* * For an explanation of map colors and symbols see Figure 2 below and pages 10 and 11. Note: Readers with an interest in specific information on observations, new and historical, should visit the MBD website and investigate the database by performing their own customized searches. For historical records, readers may also refer to previous editions of P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution. Common Name Scientific Name Number of sightings - submitted between 2003 and 2011 Color code for status for sighting between 1991-2002 -Montana Bird -Aves Montana -2003-2011 = 14 SOC Rl Historical QLL observation (reported prior to 1991, and none since) Conservation status Rare status J FMAMJ J ASOND Relative number of records per month Letter code for status for sighting between 2003-2011 Historical LL observation (reported prior to 1991, and none since) Breeding season distribution map Wintering season distribution map Figure 2. Example of Distribution Maps and Status Bar. Status Bars, Number of Records, and Species Status For the first time in MBD, status bars appear for each species. These box-plot graphs show the relative number of records for each month (January through December). Records are identified for two seasons (breeding and wintering). Four separate categories for number of observations per month are defined: 1-4 records per month (thinnest line), 5-20 records, 21-75 records, to more than 75 records (thickest line). For a few rare birds, such as Western Scrub-Jay and Carolina Wren, where the bird was observed for more than one month, all months of occurrence are shown even though the total record count for 2003-201 1 equals one. Observations from December through February are shown in blue; observations from March through November are shown in green, with colors generally corresponding to the winter and breeding season maps. The number of records and status of each species are provided on the lines beneath the species name. Symbols and their definitions are explained below. 2003-2011 = Total number of observations reported for this species in the last nine years, 2003 -2011 TEC Threatened (T), Endangered (E), or Candidate (C) species under the federal Endangered Species Act (Appendix E) SOC Species of Concern. These species have been identified by the Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Park as Montana Species of Concern because they are at risk owing to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, restricted distribution, and/or other factors. (For more information, see Appendix E) SI Species of Interest. Because of specific circumstances, supplemental information is requested for these species. (For a complete list of SI species, see Appendix E) Rl, R2, R3 Rare species status. Rare species are those based on fewer than 20 documented observations for the state (Rl; most species), regularly observed in a very localized part of the state but fewer than 20 records outside that area (R2; e.g. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher), and Yellow-billed Cuckoo (R3) with more than 30 records, but few in recent decades (For more complete definitions, see Appendix C) Codes and Criteria (B, b, t, W, and w) The lettered symbols are defined as follows: BREEDING SEASON (16 February- 14 December) For observations of birds during the breeding season, the letters "B," "b," or "t" are used to indicate the bird's breeding status. 'B" DIRECT EVIDENCE OF BREEDING "B" is used to indicate direct evidence of breeding: evidence that eggs or young have been produced. Breeding is not assumed simply by the presence of adults, singing and territorial behavior, copulation, or nest-building. "B" is used only if one or more of the following criteria are met: 1. Occupied nest - adult attending a nest with eggs or nestlings (incubating or brooding), or adults entering or leaving nest site in circumstances indicating an occupied nest (includes high nests or cavities, the contents of which cannot be seen). 2. Recently fledged young (of altricial species) incapable of sustained flight or downy young (of precocial species) restricted to the area by dependence on adults or limited mobility. 3. Adults attending young - adult feeding recently fledged young or carrying food for young, or adult carrying fecal sac. 4. Nest with egg(s) that can be clearly identified. The presence of cowbird eggs or young is confirmation of breeding for both cowbird and host species. 5. Used nest with eggshell, or just eggshell found (identification must be convincing for such records to be accepted, and cannot be based on the nest alone). NOTE: Records of direct evidence of breeding ("B") are only accepted when at least one of the five criteria listed above is observed and information for a "B" designation is included in the Comments section of the Report Form. If no supporting information is given, the record will be designated a "b" (see following). V INDIRECT or CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE OF BREEDING 1 "b" is used to indicate indirect evidence of breeding. This status applies if one or more of the following criteria are met: 1. Singing males or territorial birds observed in suitable nesting habitat during the breeding season. 2. Courtship behavior or copulation. 3. Adidts visiting a probable nest site. 4. Agitation behavior, distraction display, feigning injury, or anxiety call from an adult. 5. Nest building. 6. Physiological evidence of breeding (incubation patch or egg in oviduct) based on bird in hand. 7. Independent young of the year unaccompanied by adiJt (for non-migratory species or prior to normal migration). ^ I 10 «^?J t" NO EVIDENCE OF BREEDING, NO BREEDING BEHAVIOR "t" is used to indicate presence of any species (resident, migrant, or transient) that exhibits no breeding behavior at the time observed. Behavioral activities that do not fit "B" or "b" should be considered "t." See "B" and "b" above to determine if a behavior constitutes direct or indirect evidence of breeding. WINTERING SEASON (15 December - 15 February) For observations of birds during the wintering season, the letters "W" or "w" are used to indicate wintering status. 'W" OVERWINTERING " W" is used to indicate regular observations of the species during the winter period. Regular is defined as at least 3 days between 15 December and 14 January and 3 days between 1 5 January and 1 5 February. " W" can be documented two ways: ( 1 ) an individual observer submits data with dates for when the bird was observed during the winter months, following the above criteria, or (2) multiple "w" records in the MBD database for the same LL and from the same winter season are used to generate a "W", following the above date criteria. (Individuals submitting data need to include the dates for which the bird was observed during the winter months, 15 December - 15 February, in the Comments section of the Report Form. OBSERVED DURING WINTER SEASON, but NOT confirmed OVERWINTERING "w" is used to indicate that the species was observed at least once between 15 December and 15 February, but not regularly during the winter season. 11 Legend BREEDING SEASON (16 February through 14 December) Direct evidence of successful breeding / evidence of young: Observation records between 2003-201 1 are represented with the capital letter B. Observation records between 1991-2002 are represented as the dark green background in each QLL block. B n Indirect or circumstantial evidence of breeding: b Observation records between 2003-20 1 1 are represented with the lower letter b. Observation records between 1991 -2002 are represented as the light green background in each QLL block. No evidence of breeding, no breeding behavior t Observation records between 2003-201 1 are represented with the lower letter t. Observation records between 1991-2002 are represented as the yellow background in each QLL block. Historical Information: Observation records prior to 1991 and not since are represented as the gray background in each LL block, unless mapping can be assigned accurately to the QLL block (see below). No specific breeding status is inferred. Observation records prior to 1991 and not since, and that can be accurately identified to the QLL block, are represented with gray hatching. No specific breeding status is inferred. WINTERING SEASON (15 December through 15 February) Overwintering; regular sightings: Observation records between 2003-201 1 are represented with the capital letter W. Observation records prior to 2003 are represented as dark blue in each LL block. W Not confirmed as overwintering but observed during wintering season: w Observation records between 2003-20 1 1 are represented with the lower letter w. Observation records prior to 2003 are represented as light blue in each LL block. 2003-2011= total number of new sightings submitted for this edition TEC Threatened (T), endangered (E), or candidate species (C) SOC Species of Concern SI Species of Interest Rl Rare throughout Montana R2 Regionally rare within Montana R3 Rare status retained beyond 20 observations due to infrequency of encounters, previously more common 12 species Distribution Maps ANSERIFORMES Anatidae Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons 2003-2011 =30 J F M A M J J A S O N D Snow Goose Chen caerulescens 2003-2011 = 116 J FMAMJ J ASOND Ross's Goose Chen rossii 2003-2011 =42 J F M A M J M 1 J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 ^"^n 1 ! M mi t t t T* t - t t 1 \\\ fe„ ^ x\ t-_; Jj t t t J— I X I* t t t — \ t - 11 s — , — 1 — t ^ 13 Brant Branta bernicla 2003-2011=2 Rl J fMAMJ JASOND Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii 2003-2011 = 18 R2 JFMAMJ JASOND Canada Goose Branta canadensis 2003-2011 =3220 JFMAMJ JASOND f^^ w ' •■- ^^^^ ■ im>i. j ^ jWj w : ™ j w yy w w ■ w ^ ■1 w I w 1 14 Mute Swan Cygnns olor 2003-2011 = 0 JFMAMJJASOND ^ 1 1 1 1 1 h-4H W rr H4^ vr — L4 V B 1 Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator 2003-2011=420 SOC J F M A M ^^ '.^J^ J A S ii- 0 N D ^ [ W W 1 \ \ji flL w w L ^\ w ^^H w j_ 15 Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus 2003-2011 =229 J FMAMJ JASOND ■iBi^N (wjr — w w m\ w M^ w ■AJNi w 1 Wood Duck Aix sponsa 2003-2011 =373 J FMAMJ JASOND mr w 11 ^Pi w %W -U ^ w w _ ij Gadwall Anas strepera 2003-2011 = 1419 J FMAMJ JASOND _Jt t t^B t t t t ^ ■ ■ ■1 "^ TTb h — t Bit It t t i b b B t b bW iJ4 *^ t t t t t t B «< i t t t t t t in 1 1 * * l_ 1 t t uL t ¥ ^ L[iM*H t t t t b t t [blBjbl J * 1 ■ <■<< b tpi t b TT t jtjb I-' ^ f -'J ' 4^ 1 t t t t tt^U t t t • ■1 t t B t t B t ■ 1 t t 1 i 16 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 2003-2011 =46 J KMAMJ JASOND American Wigeon Anas americana 2003-2011 = 1302 J FMAMJ JASOND Hw W TiU wT J n^ 1 m M. r _u ^ wL JJJJ tj^ t W B t t t t B B B bl 1 |t T B t B ^ B B t t B t it t t M t t t t t 1 1 iia ! t t b b;t t t \.k t t P 1 1 t t t B b b b t t b t b T- t b T^ t t t bib ^g t t t >i y|t t t iLiL 'Gill B t t t t lilt ^ Lil ^ % American Black Duck Anas rubripes 2003-2011 =3 J FMAMJ J A S O N D 17 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 2003-2011 -3975 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D 1 1 [w] ISl w E« as "^ "1 n 1 \ if* w w w LL 11 Pft w w w ^ II 1 Vjl w w w w w -T Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 2003-2011 =992 JFMAMJ JASOND :^ \-XA wi it t t t |t t m m - 1 fH t t u t t B B B tie t t -H"L j|itjB t t t t B ^ M' t t ^jP t!t|t t t t t lii * 1 t t t 11 M^ bit t t t t b b t t t B bV t t i: llL t B bTb %x t 1 1 JWk t B t t t t t t t j_ \- t t B i|. t t L mi Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera 2003-2011 =619 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D ^ 1 1 _■ -4—1 V 1 ^ - Wl t t t B t -il 1 t t j 1 t t t I^tlilJ t t b t Wmk t t t W 1 t t 't t w _j^M 1 b t b b j3Tj 1 'J- b 1 ^|j] 1 -^ ^1 1 . ^ t t t t 1 \Mj, \^ 1 1 B f t t t ' lllM "^ il* g t 18 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 2003-2011 = 1251 J FMAMJ JASOND -'tl tTt 1 r t TBbH "bII ff t tfl ^_H' . -1 b t t t B Bit b B ' 'P^ iJ 1 [tbr k' M — t i M b rJ W t t t t \ t i- 1' -g. ^ — t i- b b t t ', ' t t a Tilt B b t t t b t t b b b %~ ' tj t t t^^t t t t 1 1*1 ) — t— . h 'i t 1 t t _ t t Northern Pintail Anas acuta 2003-2011 =852 J F M A M J J A S O N D Garganey Anas querquedula 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ i A S O N D r-XA 19 Green-winged Teal Anas crecca 2003-2011 =667 J FMAMJ JASOND r w _ L w 1 p w w w ■A^M--. w LLj Eurasian Green-winged Teal Anas crecca crecca 2003-2011 =0 J FMAMJ J :b: S O N D 20 Canvasback Aythya valisineria 2003-2011 =720 J F M A M J 5- J A s J^ 0 N D ■ 3^ 13j 1 \Y.- \LIJ w 1 Redhead Aythya americana 2003-2011 =909 J FMAMJ JASOND Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris 2003-2011 =624 J FMAMJ JASOND hr w 1 N w J " w "TJl \ M w w 1 21 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 2003-2011=2 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Greater Scaup Aythya marila 2003-2011 = 197 J FMAMJ JASOND W^l w —- W J ^^ w w t t m t i % \ t t t t t 1-4 t 7m t t \ \ Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis 2003-2011 = 1076 JFMAMJ JASOND BvJ^ w w w 1 vQZ inn it 1 i^ _LJ vL 1 ■^ a^jj 22 Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus 2003-2011 = 145 SOC JfMAMJJASOND M h-^ Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata 2003-2011 =30 um White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca 2003-2011 = 19 J F M A M J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ ' J 1 1 1 \IM VRj ^Z :m ^1 t 1 ^ "T t l" t 1 t 1 It 1 t t 1 t t 1 ATjT t t (XT — t t t i I \ 23 Black Scoter Melanitta americana 2003-2011=9 Rl JFMAMJJASOND :o: UCT Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis 2003-2011 =42 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 t i 1 W i-Li w ^H w t-i-i w w 1 Bufflehead Bucephala albeola 2003-2011 =779 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D mp h w w w 1 T\ i i] w w ^em: W w Lu 24 Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula 2003-2011 =936 J F M A M J J A S O N D Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica 2003-2011=369 SI JFMAMJJASOND Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 2003-2011=323 SI JFMAMJJASOND 25 Common Merganser Mergus merganser 2003-2011 =950 J FMAMJ JASOND Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator 2003-2011 =98 J FMAMJ JASOND w WJa TTV] w 1 "sJT or^ w ll s „--^-La1 Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis 2003-2011 =786 J FMAMJ JASOND 26 GAI.UFORMES Phasianidae Chukar Alectoris chukar 2003-2011 =21 J FMAMJ JASOND Gray Partridge Perdix perdix 2003-2011 =513 J FMAMJ A S O N D Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 2003-2011 =2911 J F M A M J A s 0 N D WW w Iw W w v>i Mw w w IH^ w w w wUfl vS k www w 1 ^ w ; ^W b t t t b i t b t b t % t ,.I.IbI jr. Tt" t t b b t b B b t ..bbl *ii' tJB' t * b b b t b b t t t b bibj cil b b t t b b b b t t Tib b b -♦i* b t b b b bbM b t t t ! t t b b B b b b'b b^t b]b kMl V t t t b b 1 b t b b|B t t bb] >.. 1 t ^ b t t b b b b b b^ S ii xl 27 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus 2003-2011 =737 J FMAMJ JASOND Greater Sage-Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus 2003-2011-4178 C J FMAMJ JASOND Spruce Grouse Falcipennis canadensis 2003-2011 =84 JFMAMJJASOND ' ' 1 1 L ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 «w w ^i \ N J A 28 Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND :b: White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucura 2003-2011 = 17 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND H r r iTm 1 \W JT" t B^ Tl Ij 'h t 1 j ' *^ — \ 1 < ■^ ^, ^" \ Dusky Grouse Dendragapus obscurus 2003-2011 =226 JFMAMJJASOND 29 Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus 2003-2011 =603 J F M A M J J A s O N D Mli-" w w ^tu Itf w w 1 Li ^"1 fw w w • ^t» w w - i Greater Prairie-Chicken Tympanuchus cupido 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND :b: 30 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 2003-2011 =614 J F MAMJ JASOND ' ' i ^ n n w jH^t w "1 • J -■■■ ^H w H H A^ j w w w W w ^^^^^1 GAVIIFORMES Gaviidae Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata 2003-2011=5 Rl J F M A M J JASOND Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica 2003-2011 = 18 J F M A M J J A S O N D i« 1 m ?n ^ - 1 t t t t 1 1 t — t t t t 31 -h^- ^Efcil^"^ Common Loon Gavia immer 2003-2011 = 1020 SOC JFMAMJJASOND Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii 2003-2011=3 Rl J F M A M J JASON D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 PODICIPEDI FORMES Podicipedidae Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 2003-2011 =386 J FMAMJ JASOND IW TJwj w 1 Uwj j w iCt ^X "B w __LL Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus 2003-2011 = 163 SOC J F M A M J JASOND l:lli_l-j Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena 2003-2011 = 523 J FMAMJ JASOND ^^ r~ IMM t t ii i 7? B rr ii B tj - t % m t t % m X 1 - ^ 1 i 1 Mi B B t 1 V t t jJ s t n 33 Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 2003-2011=622 SI JFMAMJJASOND Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis 2003-2011 =571 E J FMAMJ JASOND t^a^J^J Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii 2003-2011=89 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND ' u" i ^ •1 ^ 1 t M 4- jk t ! n^ ' iTL V b \ t t ill L t t| t t *-R- ty ■j. t i 444- V t t t t t i ILLl ^ t it^ \ 34 PROCELLARIIFORMES Procellariidae Manx Shearwater Piijfinus puffinus 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J F M A M J JASON n^T-i M I I I I n CICONIIFORMES Ciconiidae Wood Stork Mycteria americana 2003-2011=0 Rl J F . M A M J J A S O N D SULIFORMES Phalacrocoracidae Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus 2003-2011 =966 JFMAMJJ A S O N D w ■ 1 - 3?; Al w 35 PELECANIFORMES Pelecanidae American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 2003-2011 = 1146 SOC JFMAMJJASOND M V-M '•• t t t B t •H'l t tT t t t t _t_B_t^ M t 'W^ t TlHt t t t t t t t t * mH t |7 t t t t t t "H i' t t t t t . tl3 tT~ t 1 * t t t t t t ttiIm Jf t t t t t t t t t t t Hi t t t t t t i t ^ rXf t t -* \ Ardcidae American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 2003-2011=75 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND 1 1 1 ^^^r 1 1 1 1 T 1 1 1 ^T 1 \i M 7 nn ^J — 1 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND "T 1 ; 1 "^ _Hi i ^ .1 36 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias 2003-2011 = 1670 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND ^Pw r L 1 i~ \V^ w w w \^wC^ w \FjJw^ w _HJ Great Egret Ardea alba 2003-2011 =41 J FMAMJ JASOND 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 44+4- 1 . n _i \\\ t ! 1 1 JJIil tit 71 III t tU-I t A\ /m| t[ t 1 ! kX\ t t 1. ^: ■■■.■■■ :.■-■'■■■ \_ t t 1 s /— Lr-^ i^ 37 Snowy Egret Egretta thula 2003-2011 = 8 J FMAMJ JASOND Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea 2003-2011=4 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND :h: Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 2003-2011 = 10 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l^^l 1 1 1 1 1 ^^n 1 1 1 1 i"*""^ 1 nir \ hI 1 ftt J uZ 1 38 Green Heron Butorides virescens 2003-2011=4 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 2003-2011 = 133 SOC J F M A M J J A S O N D Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND r — r — Off ^itt ¥B \t 1 TJ -A 39 Th reskiorn i th idae Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2003-2011=4 Rl JFMAMJJASOND White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi 2003-2011 = 113 SOC JFMAMJ JASOND I M-^i 1 t m ¥ . m \ P- < 1 t t m m ■ r + 1 _L ,' t m t T| TT 1 1 1 — \- t A 1 1 t w \ i t t ^ ^ 1 " ACCIPITRIFORMES Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura 2003-2011 =897 J F M A M J J A S a~ D N D 1 1 1 OTf TO Li it 1 ^- 1 jJTjT t W/ t t t t "Tt 7|T|T t t t t t TtTu] Mljt J_ 1 1 t t t t '\\^ \EZrl 1 1 X t t t t t te" \L^Mb b t t t t b t 1 Bj_t__tM /ttr t t t b t t t t t t t t . . ill 6Wa t t t t t t t b t t t t b m xZ t t b t t t|b t '■ ^ t b- 71 40 Pandionidae Osprey Pandion haliaetus 2003-2011 = 1408 I ^ I '' I '^ .A^ J J A S O N D rrmiqapT M III I I Accipitridae White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus 2003-2011=3 Rl J 1 t 41 Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND rrr I trr Ym" — i-i vL 1 Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus 2003-2011=4165 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus 2003-2011 =2158 J FMAMJ JASOND 1 w n ^1 w w 1 " w 1"^ WwJ w ^H w "vW W w 1 w in 3H 1 r t t t t XHT'^ T b b t t t 1 1 ~n bTt t t t t t t t ' t b t b t t' tl 1 1 JBtjt 1 t B t t — *a tjt t t t t 3 Jt)! t t 1 1 t b t|t t t t t i t *Mll ^^^1 ' - t b b t t t t I t lb t t t[iB^ t i b b t t t t b tlbj ^ — , f— f~j[r t ^'i' B t t tit xwm t t t b| ^ t t 1 1 t t t B « ^ b,t|tii ^ * tj^ -^ 42 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 2003-2011 =414 J FMAMJ JASOND ^ w r w w w jH W w "Jjj V w w w w w V |ej|4|2wf__ _ 1 Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii 2003-2011 =347 J F M A M J A S 0 N D --^■ii 1 ' ' w "'44 U W [w W w t W H U V a.^ J _LU 43 Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis 2003-2011 = 540 SOC J i M A M J J A S 0 N D ™J!_" ^^H w wH v" ; W W ^H ^ ' n ^ WwW^ w 1 ^\£±ri» ^ Jii Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND H H 1 Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus 2003-2011 =25 J FMAMJ JASOND i" I i- ._ it t i t ^ t t ? * i 1 1 — 1- t \ t v^ t \ 1 _1 \ ' ,_-^ t t 44 Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni 2003-2011=762 SI J F M A M J J A S O N D :^ Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis 2003-2011 =2947 J f M A M J J A S O N D ji^^W w w w ! "^B^ w w flwiw 1 -- ^ w ' w w 1 w yJI IwwdttUa ; i iwj ^ "" Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis 2003-2011 = 548 SOC J F M A M J J A S O N D 45 Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus 2003-2011 =786 M J J i"w^ ^ "^ ^3 ^OTL, w w w w w w i"i <|wteR w w w w w w pB »\ Jw y w w w w 1 w j w| Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 2003-2011 = 1088 SOC J F M A M J J A s 0 N D K^^ 7 wjwTwi TOWw w w g w ■~! 1 W w w w w w Rnj w w W 1 w ^■■j 1111 W W : 1 35*P '~^ "1% Hr ¥^^H T t •J ^t iTfBJTjt ^ '•*/ ! t TJ t t it t t M bI [b pT t IB t t t h dt t i i d M "^XJ t B b t t ■» t t Fb K^4^ 1 „ ' \L i W 1j|_" i i ^Sw w ^^M w I 1 ii American Woodcock Scolopax minor 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J F M A M J J A S o N D 1 _ J " s 1 — V ' . GA Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 2003-2011 =918 Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 2003-2011 = 130 J A S O N D Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius 2003-2011=6 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D 65 Laridae Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND 1 i 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — 1 — 1 ffff I Hit 1 Yt \ 1 Sabine's Gull Xema sabini 2003-2011 =24 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J ^ 1 u u \'\ t — 1 TT' — — 1 t 1 t t 4 t t — 1 1 J_ 1 1 1| n L vEtj t t r~ r J / jt t M t L 3 t 1 i ^ \ Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus Philadelphia 2003-2011 -84 JFMAMJJASOND GG Little Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND :h: G7 Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan 2003-2011=416 SOC J F M A 1 1 1 ^ M J ^ J A S C XT ) N D _J 1 1 rrr Vjj ' u^ ul 1 It t , t t t t t t 1 ■ 1 1 — [ — t " -ill, t 1 1 1 t A 'W it ■' t t ' «. HtfT^ It t t \i /T*! t t t t t rr 1 '. w m t t t t in >— t t t t t t 1 L \ VM ^ xl t 1 \ Mew Gull Larus canus 2003-2011 = 15 JFMAMJJASOND JJ TI J ft i • Uli t rTTj hJIi t /ji J (JJ r^ s 1 -T 68 Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis 2003-2011 = 1285 J FMAMJ JASOND California Gull Larus californicus 2003-2011 =667 JFMAMJJASOND Herring Gull Larus argentatus 2003-2011 = 80 J F M A M J JASOND M I I I I I I I I I W 'US XX^ 69 Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri 2003-2011 =34 J IMAMJ JASOND -EI t 1 t t t ^ t Li U-^ 444 ^ TU H- 1 ^ ^ \ Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides 2003-2011 = 5 Rl JFMAMJ JASOND Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 2003-2011=6 Rl J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ffffi Ht ¥t 'SaA ^ t t 1 t )— 70 Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glancescens 2003-2011=8 R2 J F M A M J J A S O N D t 1 , ! _ rt r 1^ t " 1 1 1 >— > h J \ Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 2003-2011 =24 J F M A M J J A S O N D Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus 2003-2011=0 Rl 1 F M A M J J A S O N D ^H-HH M 1 i — f 71 Least Tern Sternula antillarum 2003-2011=219 E J FMAMJ JASOND t Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2003-2011 = 150 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND Black Tern Chlidonias niger 2003-2011=207 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND L_L 72 Common Tern Sterna hirundo 2003-2011 = 157 SOC JFMAMJJASOND IJM t ■ b ■ t i tj 'i t - s i II "ll hM^ t t ; ■ B t ^y t I t t t i 1 .' t t t t t \ 1 t t t 1 \_ t 1 t \ t -x Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea 2003-2011=2 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D 73 Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri 2003-2011 = 147 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND 4 ! t ■b t -^ 1 - ' ' j t t 1 B t •1 ^^ II'P il V t t 'M 'f " J \lt| Jb t " 1 ^i t t t t 1 i 1 kXa t t i t ) — t t 1 c ^M 1 Stercorariidae Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus 2003-2011-0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ t 1 1 1 1 1 1 Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus 2003-2011=6 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 74 Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus 2003-2011=3 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D I I I I M r AJcidac Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus perdix 2003-2011=0 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 2003-2011=2 Rl ) F M A M J J A S O N D H H I I I M-^ k-4- 75 COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae Rock Pigeon Columba livia 2003-2011 = 1323 JFMAMJJASOND w r H w " W I vv (w „ w w w XlB *» W w 1 w i w , . w w "U i w 1 1 1 » i I ^ J - t t t t t t 1 t 1 JIJ J ft ^m ♦i* t "b t t b t 'I'T lit t t t ii mx t t — , — ElLL* .Li b t t ^^B ^ t . t b t VJHH t M b t B t t t * 'A ^ tt^H t t t |B B _t_pb t t bit ' * -4h (U. -J^T t t t t t t t t , ^jb^ \ * ilvfr t t t t t t B t :'■-■-- ZJ 1 ' !jUil ^ Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata 2003-2011 = 3 JFMAMJJASOND Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto 2003-2011 =427 JFMAMJJASOND w W w w wTlwi ^w 1 w w W w w w w w w w w 1 Uw w w w w w -^-^ \l -A IT b t t 1 -+'*l t t t t tltl b t t < vtrTTi t t t b t v^ t t /tjl t t — 1 t - B t t t t b t t t t B t t t t t '^ t t t b t \i t tlt t t t 1 b B t b 1(> White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica 2003-2011 = 16 Rl J F M A M J J A S O N D Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura 2003-2011 =6936 J F M A M J J A S O N D Inca Dove Columbina inca 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND H I — ^ ■ >- _ 77 CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus 2003-2011 = 1 C R3 JhMAMJJASOND Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus 2003-2011=23 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND 78 STRIGIFORMES Tytonidae Barn Owl Tyto alba 2003-2011 =27 JfMAMJJ A S O N D Strigidae Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus 2003-2011 = 509 SOC .^.''MAM J J A S O N D I I I 4T===:~ ^ — 1 1 — ffx ' i~ b ; T^ TlM "Zni ^^Jt4^ iiQ: J Western Screech-Owl Megascops kennicottii 2003-2011=48 SI J F M A M J J A S O N D ^3ZH 1 1 1 1 1— 1— w ,i t \~ % 1 ■m t 79 Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio 2003-2011=44 SI J FMAMJ JASOND Great Horned Owl 70 virginianus 2003-2011 =730 J F MAM J J A s 0 N D 1 IB flirWB5 sJwjU w W w lJJ 1r..?» w w w i w w w w w J^^l i ■» 1 t i D i t 1 t r L - i» mv t B t \- "•iT |b t t t b B t b t 1 J- B t ,7, B b B t t t "i W- i -P t B f b b B t t t t t I ^[b b t t ib * I D 1 t t b^ B bj^yt t B t t t B t B bjl^ ^^^ B B J t t B B t 1 B B 80 Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus 2003-2011 = 155 JFMAMJJASOND Northern Hawk Owl Surnia ulula 2003-2011=38 see J F MAMJ JASOND Northern Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium gnoma 2003-2011 = 171 ) F M A M ) JASOND m 81 Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia 2003-2011 = 522 SOC J F M A M J 25 J A S 0 N D rrr Htn 1 T n ^ \ r 1 Barred Owl Strix varia 2003-2011=81 SI J FMAMJ JASOND Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa 2003-2011=77 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND ■ r J? w w — vUl- 1 82 Long-eared Owl Asio otus 2003-2011 =206 J F M A M J J A S O N D Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 2003-2011=392 SI J F M A M J J A S O N D I I I I I I N I I I W Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus 2003-2011=34 SI J F M A M -r- J A S D N 1 D 1 1 1 1 W 1 NL.i:a V|^ w 1 w 1 ^1 83 Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus 2003-2011 = 128 JfMAMJJASOND CAPRIMULGIFORMES Caprimulgidae Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 2003-2011 = 1367 JFMAMJJASOND I I I I h^ y-^ Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii 2003-2011=81 SI JFMAMJJASOND 84 Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus sp. 2003-2011=0 Rl J , F , M A M J J A S O N D APODIFORMES Apodidae Black Swift Cypseloides niger 2003-2011=47 SOC ■' , F M A M J J A S O N D M- TIU Ll -LIl J % Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica 2003-2011=32 SI JFMAMJJA S O N D i i t "^ 1 te b p|i, t t b b b t ^ i , b b r b 85 Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi 2003-2011 = 149 J FMAMJ JASOND White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis 2003-2011 =246 JFMAMJ JASOND 86 Trochilidae Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris 2003-2011 = 18 R2 J FMAMJ JASON D_ Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri 2003-2011 = 160 J FMAMJ J ASOND fill ^^^^^^1 1 ^J 1 1 1 1 b t t t J t Ul '* " n -4— I I, 4^ ♦ M mV t t t-W ftXt t m t t t i -.1 -r Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna 2003-2011 = 10 R2 JFMAMJJASOND 87 Costa's Hummingbird Calypte costae 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope 2003-2011 =458 JFMAM.I JASOND 88 Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus 2003-2011=53 SI J F , M A M J J A S O N D 1 1 V4 , P§J| - t-Ml 1 JJI mTT' t 3LL Jj t ~ QZlT yJIir t Ml —r i >■< Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus 2003-2011=387 SI JFMAM J J A s O N D t b 'vb b 1 "^ i j t - — f -- - i't ~~ ^B •- > III t ^~ t t t b b t t t 1 t t t t i t t . iN b1t_^ t t ■ 1 CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon 2003-2011 =946 ^FMAMJJ A s O N D 89 PICIFORMES Picidae Lewis's Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis 2003-2011 = 175 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus 2003-2011=201 SOC JFMAMJ JASOND H Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 90 Williamson's Sapsucker Sphympicus thyroideus 2003-2011 =293 J FMAMJ JASOND Hi'* El bTri ~^ ! _j_ B,t 1 t - t| t t . J — 3 b bH t 1 I Vj t : ilJ ! t J Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphympicus variiis 2003-2011 = 10 R2 J F M A M J A S 3 N D 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 ^^ 1 1 fffC MJ ) - ^ — t t ' t t \— 1 ^ 1 — i- Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuc halts 2003-2011 = 1260 J F M A M J ^2 A s J" 0 N D 1 1 1 Q3X ' XlJJ ^r 1 I \\1 91 Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens 2003-2011 = 1193 ^ Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus 2003-2011 = 1854 JFMAMJJASOND M Jt^BJBJI 1 ; it i ■ ^r t 1 1 '14 bl t t tlB t iBblbkjt ixt b t 1 irr^ ^JblT bT7 t b t b b t -r i L__iiy "^B B b bib b b t t J t "- iB b^ b 8 8 b I b b t ! t t b ^Jb~T t t t 1 1 b t b b b w. V^ t t bJ b b b]^tjb t b b B S ^ t t iW 92 White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus 2003-2011=0 Rl J F MAMJ JASOND I I KH I I I I \-\-A M American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides dorsalis 2003-2011 =449 J F M A M J JASOND -NilljM^ ^■^i3t flT . t , , b 1 ^tjB^MbJblt b ttt 'V ^^ t B II t gt h iin yV B;b b b Bib ^t I-P i^^m\b t 1 b B 3 t ! \b t B t t B t t t t 1 1 t j Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus 2003-2011 = 155 SOC J F M A M i J A S O N D ^iliMi ■ - — 1 — Jl^jL ZFl_^ b J- ^PhS 1 \\ ^5Mb <■ 1 1 /bib t t Jib] t j t t |t ♦ V Bi t "^ A -.' f 93 Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus 2003-2011 =4023 J FMAMJ JASOND t b^ ' r- ^ ! t t t b b b^ t|^ 1 t t 1 1 i t biB b t b t bt t t b bH bib b Hjt 1 t B t t t t t b b b •1' t t l^jbjb \5 ^ b b||b b t t t t b t t bib — 1 — b b| .1. t b bH t t t t £b!b " b B B b 1^1 b||b b b^'^ 1 b t "bH . 1 - ^ i. eUb bH bHb b B b t b t B t bib Hi b B B >>| t b b b t t b b [1 b b 1 V[b Red-shafted Flicker Colaptes auratus cafer 2003-2011 = 1395 J FMAMJ JASOND 94 Yellow-shafted Flicker Colaptes auratus auratus 2003-2011 =84 J F M A M J J A S O N D I I I I l"H I I I I W Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus 2003-2011=855 SOC 1 F M A M J J A S O N D Ail I ^^~ vl^ uZ _L PASSERIFORMES Tyrannidae Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi 2003-2011 = 1044 J F M A M ) J A S O N D Iblb 1 — — 'TM Jb t t _j Li Jb]b b H'' M t t t ' 1 r b b b b b b "1 — 1-UJ bib b b b b b b i H gr b t b b t l1 Hi bMb t t b 1 < 1 1 bf «? 95 Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus 2003-2011 =2756 J F M A 1 1 1 1 M J -j- J A S 0 N D Jill rrj] vt jtt vL 1 1 Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ J A S H M 0 N D Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris 2003-2011 = 19 R2 JFMAMJ JASOND M I h-M 96 Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum 2003-2011=23 SOC JFMAMJJASOND jbrTb .1. \\ t t b i t _^ ffl 1 t \ \ ^ \ Willow Flycatcher Empidonax tmillii 2003-2011 = 1251 J F M A M J J A S O N D Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus 2003-2011 = 1314 E J F M A M ] J A S O N D 97 Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii 2003-2011 = 1762 J FMAMJ JASOND IbTbT ' Jbjb[b _ ~rM_ b i I 1 1 — Jbjbjb^ b b t b 1 1 r i^Jbb '^IH b b b b ■ bTe bfb b b b ybjb b b b B b b b H^ b b b bWkb b b b B j s >. ■ 1 Gray Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii 2003-2011=38 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri 2003-2011 =3275 J FMAMJ JASOND bjbjb b TTl blbfb^ b b^t b b b b j^ . LJ — tM_ ^ t b t b 1 1 b b b b b b bib b b 1 P ', IM 1 "^^ bib bHb b b b b b ' til /bjVjbjb b b b b b b "Mi- TbAbHb b '1 b b b b b b b bjj V[b bTb" b b[f| id b b b B b b bib b bj^ 98 Cordilleran Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalis 2003-2011 =349 JFMAMJJASOND Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe 2003-2011=7 Rl J F MAMJ JASOND H — t - 1 % i — 1 — ^ ^. t Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya 2003-2011 =514 J F M A M J JASOND I I I I I I 11^^ I M ] L b 5j .-L" b t t bH b bib b B_ 1 , 1 Hb lb b b t b b t^B ^b 1 b|b t t b ■ b b t b b'l t t bHb rt_ t ttb b b t b w b b b b b b BJ_b t 1 t j b b b" b B b t bib b t ^ J!l B t t t b b b b b t b i b B ^ b b — — il — b b b b B B b b A^ 99 Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND H Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens 2003-2011=3 Rl J F M A M J 1 JASOND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus 2003-2011=6 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 100 Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans 2003-2011 = 115 SI J FMAMJ JASOND b i WM bQb b|b|t Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis 2003-2011 = 1813 JFMAMJ JASOND Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus 2003-2011 =3343 JFMAMJ JASOND 101 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus 2003-2011 = 5 Rl JFMAMJJASOND 1 1 1 1 1 U— 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rn 1 1 1 1 1 Laniidae Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus 2003-2011 = 508 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND w 102 Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor 2003-2011 =360 J f M A M J J A s O N D Bian^ - w w |-,"J '%1-1-t-^^^ p W mmW w, w w IT 1^!^ s ..■1.J jW-i-Wvi OT^ Vireonidae White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons 2003-2011=4 Rl JFMAMJJASOND 103 Plumbeous Vireo Vireo plumbeus 2003-2011=312 SI J FMAMJ JASOND {III ^^^^^^_j ' ^^J 1 1 1 1 III! ^^^^^^^ 1 ^BMI^ 1 1 1 1 \ jTTl t TTU 1 r- -^ IM b ~TTTb 1 ir Ibl —— f B Hd b'b b 1 b b b b b t b b b bj_bl b b b b iLlJ ^ 1 ,J ^ Cassin s Vireo Vireo cassinii 2003-2011 = 1666 J FMAMJ JASOND [MWb 7Tb " 1 bTbjb ^ 1 bjb b b b b — 1 — '^JblbTbT^ b b t b — . Xi^fB b b b b b b ill /blb^ b b b b b b mT ^jlb b b t t b m > b b b t 1 t U A Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius 2003-2011 = 13 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND h: t t — 1 [ I t s n 104 Solitary Vireo Vireo solitarius 2003-2011 =0 JFMAMJJASOND ^fll 1 |--t--4- \\ 1 i 1 1 y '\\A-- ' n -H- Li ' J ■ 11 m ! i iJ Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus 2003-2011 =4918 JFMAM J J A S O N D --jqM!^ ~^ t ~ ' t t t b 33E0^b ~r »> b b b b b t b b b l333y'' " * * b b b b b t 1 1 t b ^[''Tbjb^b bJ b b b b b t p"'' W Bib B^fb- bib b'b b b — \ — i b /^ _^ bib b ■ b b|b .1 b b 0 ■ 'b (b b b bib BiB b b b b b b b t b ''I bib — i — k^Jblbb b b b b b b b b b b '^ Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus 2003-2011 = 13 R2 JFMAMJJA S O N D t t t i t 1 1 105 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 2003-2011 =258 J FMAMJ JASOND ^IXaI Corvidae Gray Jay Perisoreus canadensis 2003-2011 = 1033 JFMAMJ JASOND bib 1 i IBfb b 'bjb' b t t t b bl b b •^ 1 — b b t t b i bjlb b b b b _L b b b t 1 — B b 1 ! t t t b b t 1 b 106 Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus 2003-2011=253 SOC J F M A M J J A S O N D ]\'' — U -J w n bJL^^ iV^ili'ifk'^^^*'' 'H [7 jgW iB^.i.iJ Steller s Jay Cyanocitta stelleri 2003-2011 =690 J F M A M J J A S 3 N D F H V w w i 1\^ i^w!^ n \™a^ Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata 2003-2011 =248 JFMAMJJASOND 107 Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J hMAMJ JASOND Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana 2003-2011=2107 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND wj^H 1 1 1 \|w W \ w [ 1 . w »1 J w w w ^4 U ^V w w vHm 1 Black-billed Magpie Pica hudsonia 2003-2011 =4015 J FMAMJ J A s 0 N D P^^ w W W 1 w 'Hwjwjw w w W _u *ro7w w w w w w '-Aw 1 W WjW w w w U3S w ItMb tib b t b t bl t b|t t b b t bTj r .* ' b t b b b b b t b t- b lb b b 1 t b b b b b b b b t i t b lb lb b B b b t b b b t T b b r^Tfb tjB B B "! B t b b t b b B b b b b bit] ^ bIT b b B B B b bHB b b b b ^jb B t tlbb B b b ^ 7 b b B b B b t b B B b b b ^ \ b b b t bj t b B i> t b BB Ml " * 108 American Crow Corpus bmchyrhynchos 2003-2011 =2924 JFMAMJJASOND Common Raven Corvus corax 2003-2011 =4479 J FMAMJ JASOND fb bJJI 'tlb r ■" 1 b bjb bib l« t '. t t b b t jTjb^ bib b b b b b t b t b b b b t t 'Jb b b b bjb BJb sg b b b t "ibb V:3 Bj B bj¥ b b b b b b b b b Ulbl ^ b B b b b b b b b b Dpi b b t '1 ^ lb b b b ■^ b bib b b b b t It t b b^b Vb b b b b b,b b B bjV b| n b ! b [ il i Alaudidae Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris 2003-2011 =9017 J FMAMJ JASOND ! tb b B ™ pffl m iP W^MblblbTby t [~ t b bb b b b b ^ b Bib bjb b 1 b blB^ bjb b b b b b b t b b b b b B bib b b b b b b IE b t b b b b t t b] b b b bjb ^ciB b t b b b t t bJHb b b b b b blb^lb { J ■ t b b b t t b b b b b b b b^b b^ bTb] rl t' b b b b t t b b 'i — i — b t «L lldfcl ^ 1) B 'i t _^b|B t t b b 333 S 1 / jjb M 109 Hirundinidae Purple Martin Progne subis 2003-2011 = 15 JFMAMJ JASOND Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor 2003-2011 =2646 J F M A M J J A S 1 C ) N D 1 1 1 fOT — ^-\ Jt ^t LLl Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina 2003-2011 =899 J F M A M :^ A S O N D 110 Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis 2003-2011 =688 JFMAMJJASOND Bank Swallow Riparia riparia 2003-2011 =498 J F M A M J J A S O N D Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 2003-2011 = 1518 J F M A M J J A S O N D 111 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 2003-2011 = 1860 J FMAMJ JASOND :^ MH^i t'b b't PR ™ 1 b t t S bTb ft^ C-ill* b t b tib lb!b B b b|b|bib b\b^ li^ b, b i. t t b b b b b b b b t b t b bj^^^H ^EiIll t b b b b t b b b t t t t b bt t_y \i^ bft b b b t b b t b b t b « t V^ bB ^i^t b f b b t B b b b t b b b t b| b Tib fjjjb b t b B t t b b' b b b t t b bib bib] XTT ,b ; b b t t b .& Bjt b i b B bj bib c . . i'-l " b b Paridae Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus 2003-2011 -4061 J F MAM J J A s 0 N D j w|W;w w w w^w w ^ V W W w — w w ...... ^jjwjw w w w w w ^-- w w w ^ w w w 112 Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli 2003-2011 =5235 J FMAMJ JASOND ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 '^^ 1 11 wjwL " " m WTw w W w " w ^t1 W w w w W w _ Chestnut-backed Chickadee Poecile rufescens 2003-2011 =328 JFMAMJ JASOND Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus 2003-2011=35 SOC J F M A M J J A S O N D w * -- *] lt It t -- ' ' 1 A n V . 113 Sitndae Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis 2003-2011 =7281 JFMAMJJASOND White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis 2003-2011 =722 JFMAMJJASOND Wj[wTw_ w w ■4j w 1 1 Tl ^ w 1 w w w '"\ w w w ■ 1 ^TTT r i 1 "X"tTt] — — — -^Wti t \ — bit t t iM 3-11 ! t i b b b [b »^b|B bj bit B b t 1 fb ^bjT bBb^ b B 1 1 Mil nl b b b _J| b B b b ^P ^^ ^5^x1^ b It b t t b b b t t t b b blb^ y. b[ b jjl B b t " b ^^b^ \ "^A ^ Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea 2003-2011 =242 JFMAMJJASOND 114 Cerrhiidae Brown Creeper Certhia americana 2003-2011=790 SOC J r M A M J J A S O Troglodytidae Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus 2003-2011 = 1703 bU I t b b b b "" t b b — 1 — b f\ t lb b t t b 1 bb b b b t b bHt 1 bib b b t b b b B % b[b > b B b b b t t b b ^ b t [b b b b b b ^b b|b b b b b b b b b b b b b bjt b b jbgib b\t b t b b b ^ b t b b b b b|b ^ b b Hjl b b|||b ''I b B b b b Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus 2003-2011 = 101 J F M A M J A S 0 N D 1 T 1 ftLffi mt W-tt 1 %t#"r \Jm 115 Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND 1 \ i 1 1 IT _1 h ~\\ / 1 \\ A j 1 \ \ s " n Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewickii 2003-2011=9 Rl JFMAMJJASOND j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^^n ^■wXaI House Wren Troglodytes aedon 2003-2011 =4255 J FMAMJ JASOND ^Mb b b 1 »|l bjb b Bjb b'b T*_ J( b b Tj hi J tet^ ^^b b b f bl t b bjbj p fC b|b B b Bp t b 1 t b t jlb ^Pjb tjH^'' Bib bj t biB bP i b|b bib bib bib] b!B bjb t b b b b tjb b; b b b b b b|B bib b b wim ^VHbj t B b b b B B B b' b|^|b B Bj^ bB ^ b b b b 1 "1 BJ i A B b b b b B B bTJb 116 Pacific Wren Troglodytes pacificus 2003-2011=748 SOC J F M A M J A s 0 N D 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 — 1 p~^""i P W 1 1 1 ^ Wf^ 1 ^w w ll w lJ Wbpb ! - - ^ b b i b b bib b b b|b t 1 i 1 1 bl j <^ bjb b b b — r— b «b b b t b b ^bib B t J v_ b B 1 h 1 Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND T=r J L II' n 1 i J 1 J J-H- f- 111 |TT Al J \ 1 i ill vj--.^ ' i _Lj — 117 Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis 2003-2011 = 12 SOC R2 J FMAMJ JASOND ^111 Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris 2003-2011 =686 J FMAMJ JASOND Polioptilidae Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea 2003-2011=20 SOC R2 J FMAMJ JASOND 118 Cinclidac American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus 2003-2011 =464 JFMAMJJASOND Regulidae Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa 2003-2011 = 1494 J FMAMJ JASOND W W 119 Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula 2003-2011 =6419 J FMAMJ JASOND i^ w ¥17 5m w ll Turdidae Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis 2003-2011 = 58 SI J FMAMJ JASOND « 1 t |_i J 1 "■ 1 4t . ^ t t „_L_ t { LI ^ 1 L ^ T I i P b J ^ ,. . ^ ^ Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana 2003-2011 = 128 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D fflT W^ J Iff 1 K t 120 Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides 2003-2011 =2503 ■Wff n. b t t ^> bU i> ''T^^Rb m- t b t tlrp^ tjB Vi^ b|b b t X^b ^B t t t t jb t b B t _tjb ^B ll b b Bib B B t B b b b t 1 1 tit|b b] ^Im^M^ BJB b b b B b b b t '■^ M^b b B r b b b b 1 — b!b b B t t tT B'^BJ $Ab|b B B b B ^ t b B b B b t b b b! b]^ t;B bjb B b B t B B £4 t t b b ^3 fe b i M b^[-b xu Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi 2003-2011 =2807 J [-MAMJ JASOND Veery Catharus fuscescens 2003-2011=409 SOC JFMAMJ JASOND 121 Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus 2003-2011=6 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND :b: Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 2003-2011 =4787 J FMAMJ JASOND ^Tb]l V~\. b,|b b|b ) I ■ t ! "" n TIT b|b|~b b t b b b t t t 1* V\ ^bib bl >■ b b t t t ' , i^Tbjb b b b b b bi t t t ! t WJb bib b b 1 b 'b" b b b t t tin b b b b b b t b — W^ t b b b b b n b b b t t t " 'H ^ b bUb - b t b b b 1 1 ^ y 1 1 :;i Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus 2003-2011 =2206 J FMAMJ JASOND I I I I bTTbTbJb ; ' 1 r 1 t ^ bjbjbjb '"\ ! 1 ' It , b blBJb b t t b 1 1 1^ •^ bjTjbTT b b t b b t ^KTblb bib b b b b b b /bTblb ^Tb b b b b i 'i 7Z^ — ^bAB^ ^jL b ^b b b b t t Ub^ bib b b b b b b b b t s b b ^ ^ 122 Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 2003-2011=4 Rl JFMAMJJASOND American Robin Turdus migratorius 2003-2011 = 13537 J F M A M J J A S O N D i'?5 t'b W f|b b B b t t t b b lb b b ^ IBJB bjb b|b b t b!b 1 b b bjb B B B b|b b bjb b B B jb|b bjb b B — 1 — bjb b b b b b b B t b t b b b B B B b b b|B b b b ■'|b b b bjb ^J^Ib b Bjb BIB B b — ! — bib b b t, b ^ b| /b b|b B b bib b b bjb b B b b b b ^b Blb^ ^bJJ[b b'b BJB B B B b bib — 1 b t b b B b 4— blbl H- biB bjB b b SB BjB b -^ B b B jb jbjbl 1 t) b[ 5.^ Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius 2003-2011=947 SOC J F M A M J J A S O N D w|w|T ■ — ^ w w \i"^ j i-i s.- VH — 1 ■ 123 Mimidae Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 2003-2011 = 1894 J F M A M J J A S O N D E Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos 2003-2011 =23 J FMAMJ JASOND [ ~|~^ 1 Wi p^ J \.m ZUJ Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus 2003-2011=313 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND 124 Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum 2003-2011 =403 Curve-billed Thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre 2003-2011=2 Rl JFMAMIJASOND w Sturnidae European Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2003-2011 =3183 J FMAMJ JASOND 125 Prunellidae Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND w Moracillidae American Pipit Anthus rubescens 2003-2011 =236 J FMAMJ JASOND Sprague's Pipit Anthus spragueii 2003-2011=2598 C JFMAMJJASOND .. b b b ^ pvi b ■~[b bjb It b b t b b ■? ffb b b bjb bjB b b t b b b b b "M bib jb — ,b t b b b r bH 1 b b b bl b b t t b iL^ t b r t t r'b V 1 t b 1 t t ' bib 1 — ' — ^ ^ 126 Bombvcillidae Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus 2003-2011 =288 J H M A M J J A S O N D ^fflflv wsSw. n m ^ Jw w w w w — 1 1 ; mWi w w ! w w ^w. ' .'. w W ^ Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum 2003-2011 = 1982 Calcariidae Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus 2003-2011 =39 JFMAMJJASOND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h— 1— ^ 127 Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus 2003-2011=4097 SOC JFMAMJJASOND ■FT Smith's Longspur Calcarius pictus 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 128 McCown's Longspur Rhynchophanes mccownii 2003-2011 = 1424 SOC J F M A M J J A S 0 N D J_TTb b 1* bHs B B b B|b b b b ■ b B b bMb bi Tl' B ;b t b t; b 1 ^ t t B b m ! b|~ L bl ■ b' t ir t r i — L J\ l< t t h u t \_M b b AA iM Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis 2003-2011 = 101 J F M A M J A s 0 N D NiHH~~{ II h'H'"'^^ &i ffiiii G? - ^51 Vf. "»% N ■ n idjj u-mm m. W 1 ~^\ 'M w w H 1 w~ .1 Parulidae Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla 2003-2011=514 SI J FMAMJ JASOND 129 Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis 2003-2011 =631 J FMAMJ JASOND Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera 2003-2011=2 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera 2003-2011 = 1 Rl j FMAMJ JASOND I I I I M \ t n _ L \ 1 1 _ 130 Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia 2003-2011=68 SI J F M A M J A S 0 N D III! 1 1 rr \X~ 1 YT V 1 Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 131 Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina 2003-2011 = 59 SI J F M A M J J A S 0 N D III 1 1 1 [ ^1 1 1 1 ( M H 1 _J J (J \- 1 — 1 — Tb b b t ~r- — 1 — — —^ — 1 I'l^ 1 b tib t t « ' lit b ^ t 1 ' t ^' "XL lb t b 1 ■t, _tl t TT-U dL , t 1 j ' ' \. t t 1 1 1. 1 1 A r~ V-. \ Orange-crowned Warbler Oreothlypis celata 2003-2011 = 1168 JFMAMJ JASOND Wm Nashville Warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla 2003-2011 = 146 JFMAMJ JASOND _bfb b[t_ t i ~ 1 — — \m Y(l~~btt 1 ^ bjl bT mk Vlf b t 1 i 1 t bj i . ! i^bb b i bi t - — 1 V 1 — \ — A 1 1 1 s J\ 132 Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis 2003-2011=4 Rl JFMAMJJASOND MacGiliivray's Warbler Geothlypis tolmiei 2003-2011 =2981 ^ Mourning Warbler Geothlypis Philadelphia 2003-2011 =24 J F M A M J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 V-'^ ^M 1 1 1 n H Jl ) -U or V 1 133 Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 2003-2011 =2058 J FMAMJ M 1 1 jmiim JASOND ^H^ PH^ Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina 2003-2011 = 5 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND I I I JHH I h+H I 134 American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 2003-2011 =644 J h M A M J J A S O N D Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina 2003-2011 = 10 J FMAMJ JASOND Northern Parula Setophaga americana 2003-2011=9 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND 135 Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia 2003-2011 = 19 J KMAMJ JASOND Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea 2003-2011=6 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca 2003-2011 = 12 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND ■ ~7 —\ k\ ' t \ T\ W- 1 i w\ \\' ^ 1 i V A , \ \ 136 Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia 2003-2011 =6481 Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica 2003-2011 =7 J FMAMJ JASOND 137 Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata 2003-2011 =46 J FMAMJ JASOND Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens 2003-2011 = 11 J FMAMJ JASOND t t T t t t t Li i- — 1 — — t 138 Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum 2003-2011 = 15 J F M A M J J 1 ! 1 1 ^^ A S 0 N D 1 r 1 1 1 1 w Pine Warbler Setophaga pinus 2003-2011=3 Rl JFMAMJ JASOND 1 i ~ ^ ■; i- -1 Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata 2003-2011 = 8192 J F M A M J JASOND xx^ 139 Audubon's Warbler Setophaga coronata auduboni 2003-2011 =2143 J F M A M J J A S O N D Myrtle Warbler Setophaga coronata coronata 2003-2011 =57 ;fmam) jasond s H 1 _i- t t It 1 — t t t t 1 t t t i 1 tj t t — 1 t 1 t t t t ! t t 1 ! t t •1 1 Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica 2003-2011=2 Rl J F M A M J JASON 1 1 1 .1 .. D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 140 Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor 2003-2011=2 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND TT \ ^\ 94^ "Sa \ ID 1 — 1 II \\ J 1 in \V w 4--T- T Tj t ^r- \ Black-throated Gray Warbler Setophaga nigrescens 2003-2011=3 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND ffff Ht^ ¥t: jj Townsend's Warbler Setophaga townsendi 2003-2011 =3118 J F M A M ] JASOND ) bjb " ■ m T~ jbTb 1 1 I t jt b ^. t bib b|b t '' b b bjb t b 1 1 b — 1 — vb b • b i b b t 1 141 Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens 2003-2011=9 R2 JFMAMJJASOND m Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis 2003-2011 =21 J FMAMJ JASOND :h: Wilson's Warbler Cardellina pusilla 2003-2011 =701 JFMAMJJASOND 142 Painted Redstart Myioborus pictus 2003-2011=0 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens 2003-2011 =696 J FMAMJ JASOND 143 Emberizidae Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus 2003-2011=442 SOC JFMAMJ JASOND Tn=q — H 1 1 tji 1 I T ji b b b TTT h b b b b 1 illf _ b b b b b btjl tvt b b t t b b b b b b Ji-i ^ w b b Ij b b te^b b 3Z s ^ ^1 ^ m ^ Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus 2003-2011 =2568 JFMAMJ JASOND 1 1 W n \\ 1 LLU Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJ JASOND I I I I I I H J 1 . ^ i_ t ^ ( ^ 144 American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea 2003-2011 =281 J K M A M J J A S O N D Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina 2003-2011 =8067 JFMAMJJASOND M M-^ 145 Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida 2003-2011 =740 ■l.b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b lb |T ttab b b b bHb b b b b b t ^JBiB^ b b b t b b b b t 1 If b t b b b b b b b b bi tl b| b bib b b b t ii w b b b b b t b {b 77 1. . b b b t t b b t t b t b t b b i'l t B b|b " Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri 2003-2011=2658 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND 'F-^ t b b b b b b [7 b b b B __! b 1 1 t 1 b bTb t t b b b b b b b B t b; B b t b t b b bis B b_ b b b 'tTT b t b bHb b b 1 b b t W' t ■ b b b b b b b b bib] bib b t m b" Ifb b b b b b b I b 1 b 7bTbb|^ b t ft b b b ib t b b1 iH^ill mr- B bta t b|b b IBJB |bKb| w J i Timberline Sparrow Spizella breweri taverneri 2003-2011 =0 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 146 Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla 2003-2011 = 518 J F M A M J J A S O N D Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus 2003-2011 =9150 I I I I I I I H [bib t - b B 3|[^'' Hi^'' B^ b B b ^TbTbU t ■ — bib b ■ t b,^ Sb — ^ bib b b b b "bJB bib bib V' b b b b b t b b b B B b b b b b b b JbTf'^""" Tb b B b b b b b b b b b b b t b b b b bib b B b b b b b b B b b •i" t t b|bjib| m b B, B B b b b b[b b b b b b b lbTb|bTb ^ '■''1 bjb b b b t b b b b bib b b bjjbjib] bb '!«■* b JB^b b B B B bjbjbjb "^ b d ^J^ 147 Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus 2003-2011 =2272 J F MAMJ JASOND Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata 2003-2011=2 Rl J F M A M J J A S 0 N D m \ i ^ 1 Sage Sparrow Amphispiza belli 2003-2011 = 12 SOC R2 J FMAMJ JASOND 148 Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys 2003-2011 =4554 J F M A M J J A S O N D Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis 2003-2011 =3693 JfMAMJJASOND ^ ^ M Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum 2003-2011=2711 SOC JfMAMJJASOND J I L 149 Baird s Sparrow Ammodramus bairdii 2003-2011 = 1820 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND Le Conte's Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii 2003-2011=26 SOC J FMAMJ 1 1 1 1 1 ' J A 1 S 0 1 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 Nelson's Sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni 2003-2011 = 107 SOC J FMAMJ JASOND "FT -h^ " ~ b 1' b t Ijj 1 ~\~ 1 1 V- ^ — ^A- t \} ^ ^ 1 n 150 Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca 2003-2011 =390 J f M A N1 J JASON D Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia 2003-2011 =4212 JFMAMJJASOND Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii 2003-2011 = 1250 JFMAMJJASOND 151 Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana 2003-2011 = 13 J F M A M J -r j A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ffif u ^ttr niD w ^r i 1 White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis 2003-2011 =66 J F M A M J J A S O N D 1 1 1 1 ^^^ 1 1 ^^ 1 1 1 1 ^^^ f3|^ '"■\jk J Vww w ■ J ^ I Harris's Sparrow Zonotrichia querula 2003-2011 = 100 JFMAMJJASOND 152 White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys 2003-2011 = 1534 J F M A M J A S 0 N D |w W w 1 M \L lD lu W w A \ B jw _^_u Jb BJb {TlJb t '"■ ": t — 1 — 1 b t t t t t t^^ bT I'l' b t t b b t t t * uiihL b b t b b t ! t ^^ H ^ >Wi b b lb" B B b b ___§, /tjbjT b b b b b^ b t t ^^Jlb|b BJ t b b B b t t b t t y 1 H[b| b b b _.» b b b t B t j_ b b Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla 2003-2011=4 Rl JFMAMJ JASOND Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis 2003-2011 =7681 J FMAMJ JASOND 153 Slate-colored Junco Junco hyemalis hyemalis I cismontanus 2003-2011 =93 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D ^ — — — — "T7 -I JI 1 t \ ii J rr 1 t —Hi 1 'A -- /p t n^ t t \ — 'i M vA-4_ t 1 — 1 V- t t liL-LL Oregon (Montana) Junco Junco hyemalis montanus 2003-2011 = 1429 JFMAMJJASOND w w Ml '[bTblfc "1 ■1 iilJiRi i — \ — 1 t 11 ^ b b bW 1 il^ ^^3J 1 b ■ , .1 r 1 - >5bjb b b t t t ^^ t b t t b IL JJ wE b t t J L r t t t t b b S b t b ^ Pink-sided Junco Junco hyemalis mearnsi 2003-2011 = 123 J F M A M J J A S 0 bj t b b t t \ " t i t t 1 b b t B t rp a b;b r- t b t I \ ^ t t — \ — B t t b t 1 154 White-winged Junco Junco hyemalis aikeni 2003-2011 =6 J F M A M J J A S O N D hH I I ^ I I M I Gray-headed Junco Junco hyemalis caniceps 2003-2011 = 1 J F M A M J J A S O N D Cardinalidae Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 2003-2011=2 Rl JFMAMJJASOND I \ \ \ I I I tzj I tzi 155 Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 2003-2011=3 Rl J KMAMJ JASOND III) ^^^^^^J 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^^M^^l^^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana 2003-2011 =6109 J FMAMJ JASOND Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis 2003-2011=6 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND w ' t t t t t \ __ 156 Pyrrhuloxia Cardinalis sinuatus 2003-2011=0 Rl JFMAMJJASOND Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus 2003-2011 =61 J F M A M J 1 1 1 1 ^ J A S 0 N D 1 1 1 1 F^ 1 ! 1 1 Cu Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus 2003-2011 = 1207 JFMAMJ JASOND 157 Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea 2003-2011=7 R2 J FMAMJ JASOND Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena 2003-2011 = 1677 J FMAMJ JASOND Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 2003-2011 = 11 JFMAMJ JASOND 158 Painted Bunting Passerina ciris 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND , M ^ T ID ^ B 1 Dickcissel Spiza americana 2003-2011=44 SI J FMAMJ JASOND Icteridae Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 2003-2011 = 588 SOC J F MAMJ JASOND w 1 t lb b b b b b b b b "bJBl - — — . i B b b B b! b b i-ip t b t b b b tLra i!elTi b b t b bH b]b bib V^jblb b b b t b t b b :. .^ /bTtJT B -M tHbl b b t bjbj {W\ -^^ t b t b — 1 b b b S'ftS t '"W \J_ b B b^H b » ,"11 s i :i 159 Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus 2003-2011 = 5454 Bjt bib tl ik3 1 b|b b]w tfb b'B b b ¥1 b b b b bib h b b b b b b b B S'lb pEiJl \Tb b : b t f b J» b b b b b b b|b h"^ b|y b!t bjbl b'b b b bfb b b b t bL bib b t t b VjBb'T b b B b t b b t|b b b t b BHb ^blb B b b B bib b b b b b b b b bb|b|B^ ^Ib b b t b B Jb b b b b b b b b bjbHH Hi, B|B b b 1 i bllfll t b b bi|b Bj_t]b|b 1 tA pi ^ Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna 2003-2011 = 1 Rl JFMAMJJASOND ll 1 ^ t 1 V n Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta 2003-2011 = 17702 JFMAMJJASOND w 160 Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 2003-2011 = 1486 J F M A M J J A S O N D (_[b[tjt b 1 b b t t ^bft TTbj ^■rl t 1^ - b b b b b'b ibJ__t_M JbjbB ■ 1 ~~w!i\~ r^?S B b b b b b b t|b b'l 1 \j_^bfr t 't)i ll' b b t t b bl__jj_ C\* i ^ Ml i' t b b t ^.-A jt b b Pb t t b bl bib ■> b|b| ■ Tf--^ ^bHb ife^fl iTb t t "^ tin i^ Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus 2003-2011 =21 J F M A M J J A S 0 N D ^^ KH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3Th W w Tfft TM ¥tl 1 viz 1 161 Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus 2003-2011 =3430 J FMAMJ JASOND ^ M Common Crackle Quiscalus quiscula 2003-2011 = 1091 J FMAMJ JASOND 4HI' I!' t t t [V t t b t t t •;l Tffl f li t , r ' b b bPb b{i| b b ^1 B 1'^ b b b b b t t b 1 - b B t b It b t ■^1"* t t |., t jH^ S"-^ \] (^ JP t 1 b t i*' H i "r ¥]b tit ! t b b b b b t Bib t b ( ^•L b t Bi'b bJB b b b b b t b b t b bjb^ — VJ fcil b —I b t B B t b b b t| ib Creat-tailed Crackle Quiscalus mexicanus 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND ^ 1 1 ^ 1 - — t \ { . . 1 — 1 162 Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater 2003-2011 =8264 J FMAMJ J ASOND i« I I I I M H t |b b!bPb bFb b t b b b b b b b ¥|B[b blblblbl ^^ b b b]b b b b lib b b b b b| bBb b b]bj YJbjb b bj b b b »> b b b b b B b b b b b b bib b b bjb b b Bib \f b j b b b ^ B b b b b b b b b t b b ^ri^ B[b b|b b b bHb b b b b b /Blbjb bjb b b b b b b b b b b b b t -S ^/^ b B i b b B 7 b b b b b b t b b Hb rTb_ Hfb b b } B b b 1 B B b ■ l^ B b ^bjb b ^ Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius 2003-2011 =78 J FMAMJ JASOND Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus 2003-2011=0 Rl J F M A M J JASOND 163 Bullock's Oriole Icterus bullockii 2003-2011 = 1161 JFMAMJJASOND H Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula 2003-2011 = 114 JFMAMJJASOND 164 Northern Oriole Icterus galbula 2003-2011 =0 J ^ M A M J J A S O N D Fringillidae Brambiing Fringilla montifringilla 2003-2011 = 1 Rl J FMAMJ JASOND jiTr: ' \ \ 11 — Ill /tji iT \y\\ j-Xi- ,_j \ Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis 2003-2011 = 136 SOC J F MAMJ JASOND 165 Black Rosy-Finch Leucosticte atrata 2003-2011=23 SOC J F M A M J F J A S ^ 1 1 3 N D 1 ^ 1 1 ^^\ 1 1 ^^ ^^ (ffi M ^¥u r I V 1 r 1 ill \-- Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator 2003-2011 =364 J F M A M J J A S O N D ^ij«Jw w 1 ■ y n i 1 Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus 2003-2011 =28 J FMAMJ JASOND ^n 166 Cassin's Finch Carpodacus cassinii 2003-2011=794 SOC House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus 2003-2011 = 1213 M A M ; J TTT -Uil r b t t w M\ ■". 1 b ■ J. 't IbH t b b| t r b b| ^g t _i \ ^llBlt J^ t b Jt B 1 b] _*! (tib't t b b t 1 ! t t t t t „^,„ '^ji b t b b ^hh t t t vB'' bj t t _b^H t t 71 t[_ il t| 1 ti^l Red Crossbill Z.: --*'-»>- « •' "± • » V; •- ^ "*•' ,.;,. -:- ,.i.. -m- -:- -rl±l „*'„, .7^- -i..|~-J ir^ '■:- -i- -> ZTZ $ v^^ -:- -i" hii ■¥.- Cackling Goose Yellow-bellied Saspsucker, Bay-breasted Warbler -*-- * --«»" -1- -;- » \, .'_ -':- -1- -i-H .T„ .".. .:- ,1, .,i..p^ --..,-. ,..;„ ..■- -:- .,.,,. -!- ■ -I- -;- ., ; „ )^:ffir --i"- rtr {-»"- ■--an — --i_ -;- -'- (^""w" "i" -1- . „ ..!.. -i- SR-h^' \- ^ H ';'- -;- -:- ..1... :miBili Yellow Rail, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Blue- headed Vireo, Sedge Wren ?"l » » ~m~ -V" "i," "i," -"li' "»-i-> -^H Gray Flycatcher ^-•^v ^.« v^IS hj:nx -i« ,*„ ^T^; .;- -:» ,. i ,, N-— £ .,i.. "i- ,..„ .■;_ V« . i . 717 -'- »!~ -i. .]- .;. .1- .;. „t. vV^M- -1- _;- „> -;•• -i- -^- VI ; '■" « . •» -:- -i-^t - »;- ^j. -.;« «:. «*- -',- ,.?: ::!.. .> „..„ '-'- »•» -;■• "»" "»"■ '-*- -:- . » ,..:.,. I" "' J " — SP-- -:'. -i- .. i .,. "1" -i- -V- -^ -i- .'„ .T- -!. -;- \>" "i" "i" -■- . .. ... : ... „!„ -i- -i- -j^ ^--'-- --I •-" -T" j!iii Glaucous-winged Gull Blue-gray Gnatcatcher ■^"ffl-l-1- "i" ! -!'■ ■ H - ^ ^ ilSiP 7fr ! -,- «:.. „;™ »^« Its ." /" '--p— .■.;.. »;- -;- .;„ „. --^>— ;i; li'- V «i,~ ^|. „*„ v\ m" ""^"^ "^■" .;« .. . •■ -1 i- ■ >ir^^ ";- r-r-i- ~i« - - ..i„ .|- "l- .\^ ..;.- -**- ,;_ «:_ ,T; ,.;.. ••- '-4i- ."i" -:- -i- -!- .:,. -I- 7^ '»" '■«." -,- ..[^ «:- -> t.-J.'^ ..:'., .ljIll4JlIil >cM' ~i- .'. .;. .,.:.. _u m^ .;_ .*- £EHib:l Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Philadelphia Vireo, Gray-cheeked Thrush, Black-throated Green Warbler Sage Sparrow Anna's Hummingbird ^^■^ ^. -*" --*■' 'It" --*- -*-■ r;^"- X „.;,. ,.:« -;,. .!„ „.;„ „i» -i-t .'". ,. ; ,. -T- .zT- - 1- f" "■-" 'V . . ~'~ ,. ! ,. .1- -i- "i" 'i" t--'~ -'- ,-^',. -i~ -1- '"s-" ■•' -- . „■■»«. V vl"-»" "f\ ' : ' ^^H laHid Blue Grosbeak 178 Appendix D. Montana Rare Bird Report Form MONTANA RARE BIRD REPORT FORM Species: Date: Photo taken / enclosed?: Other observers: QLL: Status (B, b, W, w, t): Specific location: Observer: Address: Phone: E-mail: Specimen taken?: Nearest town: Latitude / Longitude: Describe the habitat: Plumage: Sex / age: Quality and direction of light (if applicable): Optics used: Distance from bird: Duration of observation: Previous experience with species: This report was written (from memory, field notes, at time of sighting, etc.): Notes: Describe the bird. Record only field marks and behaviors you actually saw. State size (compared with other nearby known or common birds). Record relevant information such as color, body shape, bill, legs, voice, behavior, number of individuals, sex, etc.: Discus how similar species were eliminated: Tliis document can be found online at hcip://mtauclubon.org/birds/ report. html Send electronically to nuaudubon(amtadubon.ore or by mail to Montana Bird Records Committee, Montana Audubon, P.O. Box 595, Helena, MT 59624 USA. 179 Appendix E. Threatened (T), Endangered (E), Candidate (C), other Species of Concern (SOC), and Species of Interest (SI) Listed below are species identified as Animal Species of Concern by the Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks. They include (1) species federally listed under the Endangered Species Act as Endangered, Threatened, or Candidates for federal listing, and (2) U.S. Forest Service Sensitive Species, Bureau of Land Management Special Status Species, or other Species of Concern as identified by the Montana Animal Species of Concern Committee. A third category, termed Special Interest, includes species for which supplemental information is requested; generally, these are species with unique breeding habits that warrant further study, whose status and distribution are poorly known in Montana, or have special protection under federal law. These lists are subject to change. For current information, contact the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, or Montana Natural Heritage Program (http://mtnhp.org). Birds listed in this appendix are identified in this publication by a Status code below their names on the pages with their associated maps: Threatened (T), Endangered (E), Candidate (C), other Species of Concern (SOC), and Special Interest (SI) species. The precise location for any record of species on these lists is particularly important. Therefore, a detailed description of location, habitat, number of individuals, and behavior should accompany reports for all of the birds in this appendix, and is particularly important for reporting evidence of nesting. Observations can be entered online at the Montana Natural Heritage Program website or reported on the form found in Appendix B and submitted by mail to the Montana Natural Heritage Program, P O. Box 201800, 1515 East Sixth Avenue, Helena, MT 59620-1800. Federally Listed Species of Concern Greater Sage-Grouse - Candidate Whooping Crane - Endangered Least Tern - Endangered Piping Plover -Threatened Yellow-billed Cuckoo - Candidate (west of Continental Divide) Sprague's Pipit - Candidate Other Species of Concern Trumpeter Swan Harlequin Duck White-tailed Ptarmigan Sharp-tailed Grouse Common Loon Horned Grebe Clark's Grebe American White Pelican American Bittern Great Blue Heron Black-crowned Night-Heron White-faced Ibis Northern Goshawk Ferruginous Hawk Golden Eagle Peregrine Falcon Yellow Rail Mountain Plover Black-necked Stilt Long-billed Curlew Franklins Gull Caspian Tern Black Tern Common Tern Forster's Tern Black-billed Cuckoo Flammulated Owl Burrowing Owl Northern Hawk Owl Great Gray Owl Black Swift Lewis's Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Black-backed Woodpecker Pileated Woodpecker Alder Flycatcher Loggerhead Shrike Pinyon Jay Clark's Nutcracker 180 Boreal Chickadee Brown Creeper Pacific Wren Sedge Wren Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Veery Varied Thrush Sage Thrasher Chestnut-collared Longspur McCown's Longspur Green-tailed Towhee Brewer's Sparrow Sage Sparrow Baird's Sparrow Le Conte's Sparrow Nelson's Sparrow Bobolink Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Black Rosy-Finch Cassin's Finch Evening Grosbeak Species of Interest (SI) Eared Grebe Barrow's Goldeneye Hooded Merganser Bald Eagle Virginia Rail Short-eared Owl Western Screech-Owl Eastern Screech-Owl Boreal Owl Common Poorwill Chimney Swift Broad-tailed Hummingbird Rufous Hummingbird Cassin's Kingbird Plumbeous Vireo Eastern Bluebird Ovenbird Black-and-white Warbler Tennessee Warbler Dickcissel White-winged Crossbill 181 Appendix F. Subspecies As more research and genetic evidence emerges, the potential for taxonomic sphts of one or more of the species hsted in this Appendix becomes Ukely. If any of these subspecies are elevated to species status in the future, observations including information on breeding habits and location of these birds will become necessary. This situation can be illustrated through the examples of the Winter Wren and the Whip-poor-will, two recent taxonomic splits with relevance in Montana. The Winter Wren was recently split into three species (Eurasian Wren, Winter Wren, and Pacific Wren); Montana has both North American species. The Winter Wren is a rare migrant to the eastern part of the state, whereas the Pacific Wren is a regular breeder and year-round resident in the western half of the state. Separating existing records for this species was relatively easy, due to habitat comments and their apparent disjunct ranges. Conversely, the Whip-poor-will, a rare bird in Montana, was split into two species: Eastern Whip-poor-will and Mexican Whip-poor-will. Montana's only documented observation of this species did not contain enough information to determine which of the newly named species was observed (which is why the "lumped" name Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus sp., occurs in this edition). Where information is available, maps displaying both species and subspecies distribution for the birds listed in this Appendix are included in this publication. Bird distribution maps were created for each subspecies to encourage birdwatchers to submit fiiture records at this taxonomic level. No maps appear for the three subspecies of Fox Sparrow due to a lack of data. However, they may be included in future editions. Species for which information is requested at the subspecies, race, or form level: Green-winged Teal Eurasian Green-winged Teal Northern Flicker Red-shafted Flicker Yellow-shafted Flicker Brewer's Sparrow Timberline Sparrow Fox Sparrow Sooty (Pacific) Fox Sparrow Slate-colored (Interior West) Fox Sparrow Red (Taiga) Fox Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco Slate-colored Junco Oregon (Montana) Junco Pink-sided Junco White-winged Junco Gray-headed Junco Yellow-rumped Warbler Myrde Warbler Audubon's Warbler 182 Appendix G. Introduced Species The following species are not native to Montana and were either introduced into or colonized the state on their own after being introduced elsewhere in North America. The Wild Turkey is the only species on the following list native to other regions of the continent. Because these species have bred in the wild and persist in Montana, they are included on the official list of birds for the state. Distribution maps for these species appear in this book. We stress that the introduction of new bird species is regulated in Montana because it may pose a threat to native wildlife, human health, and/or public safety. Mute Swan Ring-necked Pheasant Eurasian Collared-Dove Chukar Wild Turkey European Starling Gray Partridge Rock Pigeon House Sparrow The Cattle Egret is not identified as introduced in Montana as its presence in North America is considered a natural expansion of its native range. Originally from subtropical and tropical Africa and Asia, the Cattle Egret colonized northeastern South America in the late 1870's. It arrived in the United States by the early 1940's, and was first documented in Montana in May 1974 in the Bitterroot Valley (QLL 25D). Individuals of the following species are not native to Montana but, at times, do occur in the state. Their initial presence resulted from the release and/or escape of captive-raised birds; in some cases these releases are ongoing. Some may breed in the wild and survive for multiple years (e.g., California Quail), but they have not maintained wild populations long enough to conclude that they persist naturally in the state. Therefore, they do not appear on the official list of birds of Montana, and maps on their distribution do not appear in this book. California Quail Northern Bobwhite Ringed Turtle-Dove The Northern Bobwhite appeared in previous editions oi Montana Bird Distribution, but no maps for this species were included in the 6th edition nor in this edition. Northern Bobwhites were widely transplanted in Montana during the latter part of the 19th century and became established for some time. All of these birds died out many years ago, and we believe all recent records are from birds released or escaped from captivity. We are not aware of a single case where escaped bobwhites have persisted for the 10 years regarded as minimal for an established occurrence (Wright 1996). The status of California Quail in Montana has been a point of on-going debate. Their continued and increasing presence in parts of the state, especially the Bitterroot Valley, has raised the question of whether this species should be added to the official list of Montana birds. Although many observers have documented this species successfully breeding, as well as persisting through wintering months (Christmas Bird Count data), the continued release of captive birds into the region prevents any quantitative assessment of their status. The Montana Bird Records Committee, the organization responsible for the official checklist of birds of Montana, voted in 20 11 against adding the California Quail to the official state bird list. The Committee will continue to monitor the status of the California Quail in the state through collection of relevant observations, annual datasets, and research effiarts. 183 Appendix H. Hypothetical Records j All reports of species new to Montana must be reviewed and accepted by the Montana Bird Records j Committee (MBRC) in order to be included in the MBD database. The MBRC requires at least one i of the following for approval of first state records: a specimen, a definitive photograph, or independent documentation by two or more skilled observers. I I "Hypothetical records" are for observations of species for which we have convincing reports in . Montana, but which have not been added to the official state list by MBRC or by previous compilers of Montana Bird Distribution because of specific, identified reasons. The species listed below are ' placed on the hypothetical records list for the reasons noted. Other species have been reported, but details were insufficient to warrant inclusion here. Common Crane {Grus grus): QLL 12B, 1999. Single-observer sighting with convincing details. Pacific Golden-Plover {Pluvialis fulva): QLL 09C, 2001. Single-observer sighting with convincing details. Ked-hredLSX^d Sz-^sucker {Sphyrapicus ruber): QLL 27B, 1984. Single-observer sighting with convincing details. Bell's Vireo {Vireo bellii): QLL 24B, 1995 and QLL 12B, 2007. Both observations with convincing details, but both were single-observer sightings. Vha\no^e^\di {Phainopepla nitens): Qhh Q?>h, 1962. Carried over from previous editions. Original observer interviewed by P.D. Skaar in 1971, resulting in Skaar's placement of species on hypothetical list. Information insufficient for review under current criteria established by the MBRC. Virginias Warbler {Oreothlypis virginiae): QLL 4lC, 2005. Single-observer sighting with convincing details. Hermit Warbler {Setophaga occidentalis): LL 38, 2005. Convincing details provided, but hybrid origin could not be ruled out. Cassin's Sparrow {Peucaea cassinii): QLL 29C, 1999. Sight record with convincing details, but independent documentation from two observers absent. Since the 6th edition of Montana Bird Distribution was published, the following species have been removed from the hypothetical list and placed on the official list: Glossy Ibis: QLL 16B, 05/2002; first documented state record. Iceland Gull: QLL 17B, 12/2005; first documented state record. Long-billed Murrelet: 15C, 06/1985; accepted by Wright (1997). Previously presented as Marbled Murrelet. Record reviewed and accepted by MBRC as Long-billed Murrelet. Blue-winged Warbler: QLL 09C, 05/2006; first documented state record. Painted Bunting: QLL 41 A, 12/1999; report submitted and accepted by MBRC in 2003. 184 Appendix I. Extinct Species The Passenger Pigeon is the only species recorded in Montana known to be extinct. The last reported specimen of this species was a "young" bird collected on 23 August 1874 near Waterton Lake in Gla- cier National Park (Latiiong 4) by Elliott Coues. This specimen is still in the rare bird display at the U.S. National Museum. Grinnell (1876) reported "small companies in July [1875] along the Missouri River bottom, where it was doubtless breeding" between the mouth of Yellowstone River and Carroll (townsite 38 miles above mouth of Musselshell River) on the Missouri River. Earlier records showed the Passenger Pigeon inhabiting latilongs 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 17, 24, 26, and 41. Appendix J. A Summary of Bird Record Information by Latiiong The following maps (Figure 3 and 4) use the latiiong system to summarize the information stored in the Montana Bird Distribution database in two different ways. Both maps generally reflect bird loca- tions, but they also reflect where our contributors are watching birds and submitting records. 240 225 268 218 242 250 211 238 250 298 206 221 254 324 279 293 316 222 254 203 225 Figure 3. Species Richness by Latiiong. The map shows the total number of bird species that have been reported in each latiiong Shading represents general species richness for each lati- iong; the center number is the total number of species recorded in that latiiong (out of the statewide total of 427). 185 Figure 4. Total Records by Latilong. The map shows the total number of bird records for all species reported for each latilong. Shading represents general observation numbers reported for each latilong; the center number is the total number of records for that latilong. This figure can alert birders to areas of the state that are poorly documented. Appendix K. Why Bird Distribution Information is Important Bird records in the MBD database directly help bird conservation in Montana. Submission of current bird observations ensures that Montana continues to have reliable, objective information about the status and distribution of bird species. This information has many uses, including: Informing Resource Development Decisions. Resource managers and developers benefit significantly from information on sensitive bird species and their habitats. This information is used by the private and public sectors for planning timber sales, subdivisions, utility and pipeline corridors, weed control efforts, wind farm siting, oil and gas extraction, mines, highway construction, and more. Providing easy access to this information saves untold dollars, reduces conflicts, and decreases delays in decision- making. Knowing where and when sensitive species are present helps developers avoid needless impacts and protect habitat in order to maintain healthy bird populations. Identifying Species of Concern. Keeping accurate records in the MBD database on the state's most vulnerable bird species aids resource managers, decision-makers, conservationists, and businesses. This information is used by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the Montana Natural Heritage Program to maintain the Montana Animal Species of Concern list. This list contains native Montana animals that are considered to be "at risk" due to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, and/or restricted distribution (Table 1). This list also identifies animals for which additional data are needed before an accurate status assessment can be made. As of April 2012, there were 66 bird Species of Concern. Assisting with Stewardship of Species of Concern. Understanding our vulnerable species and their habitats also improves the success of resource management and conservation efforts. Although designa- tion as a Species of Concern (Appendix E) provides no regulatory protection, these designations allow resource managers and decision-makers to make proactive decisions regarding species conservation and data collection priorities. Keeping records on the status of species in one location provides everyone 186 with a single well recognized and comprehensive source of this information. It also can help with stew- ardship efforts to avoid additional declines in bird populations and/or the listing/de-listing of species under the Endangered Species Act. Monitoring Distribution Trends Over Time. Reported bird observations are extremely important to understanding the distribution and status of individual species over time. For example, these data have allowed us to track the expansion of Eurasian Collared-Doves, the potential expansion of species like the Lesser Goldfinch, or potential range contractions in Yellow-billed and Black-billed Cuckoos. As examples, maps for the Eurasian Collared Dove (Figure 5) and Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Figure 6) are provided. — b t t t b r b t t t t t t tit t t [7 1 ' t t t b t |b t t r^ t t t /' B t t t t b t CA \^ t t B t t t t t t t t t b t t \Z t t t t t b B t b «1 ^. J\ Figure 5. Map showing the expansion of Eurasian Collared-Dove distribution in the state. The first Montana record for this species occurred in July 1997; this species is now observed throughout the state and breeding has also been documented. Figure 6. Map showing potential contraction of Yellow-billed Cuckoo distribution in the state. These birds were reported annually in the 1980s; between 2002 and 2012. the only record reported occurred in July 2011. 187 Documenting Changes in Migration Patterns Over Time. Reporting spring and fall arrival dates for migratory birds, as well as overwintering records, will help Montanans understand how species are re- sponding to climate change. This information can then be used to assist with long-term conservation efforts of our bird species in a warming world. Identifying Important Habitats for Regional Planning. Bird records with detailed habitat informa- tion and/or those that are precisely mapped can be used to create models that predict habitat suitability for species. As an example, the map in Figure 7 predicts where the best habitat for Sprague's Pipit can be found in the state. Habitat maps such as this are being used by a variety of resource management agencies in regional planning efforts for the benefit of bird Species of Concern. 'mW^'^TP^. Predicted Distribution RHP Optimal Unsuitable Figure 7. Predicted habitat suitability map for Sprague s Pipit. Providing Natural History Information on Birds to the Public. The Montana Field Guide summa- rizes the biology, distribution, status, habitat use, and other natural history information for Montana's birds, as well as other animals, plants, and habitat types. This web-based resource is used by natural resource professionals, K-12 and university students, the general public from throughout Montana, and around the world. The Montana Field Guide is a cooperative project between the Montana Natu- ral Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and can be found at http://fieldguide. mt.gov/. Providing Important Bird Information for Habitat Protection Efforts. Table 1 classifies Montana birds by optimal bird habitat, noting the number of Species of Concern found in each major habitat type. Derived from the MBD database, this information helps provide the basis for management decisions at the local and state level. Understanding habitat and species associations can aid efforts to protect habitats representing a disproportionate amount of critical habitat for Montana's bird species. For example, while wetland and riparian habitats make up approximately 4% of Montana's land base; they provide optimal habitat for 102 (39%) of the state's breeding birds, 51 (72%) of the state's pass- through migrants, and 31 (49%) of the state's Species of Concern. 188 Table 1. Optimal habitats for Montana's 336 bird species that are known to breed, migrate through, or oveni'inter in the state. Species of Concern are identified. Ninety one rare species, which have been seen in Montana fewer than 20 times, are excluded from this table. Optimal Habitat Type Total Birds Breeding Birds (Percent) Migrant Birds Species of Concern (SOC) (Percent) Percent SOC in this habitat Species of Concern (SOC). NOTE: underlined /bolded birds are threatened TT). endangered (E), or candidate (C) species under the Endangered Species Act. Alpine 4 3 (1.2%) 1 3 (4.5%) 75.0% White-tailed Ptarmigan, Gray-crowned Rosy- Finch, Black Rosy-Finch Cliff 5 5 (1.9%) 0 1 (1.5%) 20.0% Peregrine Falcon Grasslands 29 29 (11.2%) 9 (13.6%) 31.0% Golden Eagle, Mountain Plover, Long-billed Curlew. Burrowin? Owl. Sprague's Pipit CCL Chestnut-collared Longspur, McCown's Longspur, Baird's Sparrow, Bobolink Forest 85 73 (28.1%) 13 14 (21.2%) 16.5% Northern Goshawk, Flammulated Owl, Northern Hawk Owl, Great Gray Owl, Black-backed Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Pinyon Jay, Clark's Nutcracker, Boreal Chickadee, Brown Creeper, Pacific Wren, Varied Thrush, Cassin's Finch, Evening Grosbeak Shrub and forest 12 8 (3.1%) 4 1 (1.5%) 8.3% Green-tailed Towhee Sagebrush/ shrub 21 18 (6.9%) 3 8 (12.1%) 38.1% Greater Sage-Grouse (CL Sharp-tailed Grouse. Ferruginous Hawk, Loggerhead Shrike, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Sage Thrasher, Brewer's Sparrow, Sage Sparrow Wetiand/ riparian 153 102 (39.2%) 51 30 (45.5%) 19.6% Trumpeter Swan, Harlequin Duck, Common Loon, Homed Grebe, Clark's Grebe, American White Pelican, American Bittern, Great Blue Heron, Black-crowned Night-Heron, White-faced Ibis. Yellow Rail. Whooping Crane fE). Piping Plover (T), Black-necked Stilt, Franklin's Gull, Least Tern fEV Caspian Tem, Black Tern Common Tem, Forster's Tem. Yellow-biUed Cuckoo {0\. Black-billed Cuckoo, Black Swifr, Lewis's Woodpecker, Red-headed Woodpecker, Alder Flycatcher, Sedge Wren, Veery, LeConte's Sparrow, Nelson's Sparrow Shrub and riparian 2 2 (0.8%) 0% Generalists 15 13 (5.0%) 2 0% Open habitat 6 5 (1.9%) 3 0% Woody draws 4 2 (0.8%) 0% TOTAL 336 260 77 66 189 Appendix L. Contributors to this Edition More than 10,000 records Steve Gniadek, Paul Hendricks, Harriet Marble, and Gary Swant From 5000 to 9999 records Charles Carlson, Coburn L. Currier, Georgia Frazier, Brett Gullett, Wayne Harper, Denver Holt, Susan Lenard, Mike Lesnik, David Lockman, Chris Paige, Dwain Prellwitz, Susan Reel, and Jim j Sparks 1000 to 4999 records Ellie and Larry Akins, John Ashley, Eric Atkinson, Bobby Baker, Lewis Barnett, Clifton Barry, Dwight Bergeron, Sharon Browder, John Carlson, Daniel Casey, Phyllis Casperson, Lynn Clark, Mary Crowe- Costello, Jill Davies, Gordon Dicus, Steve Dinsmore, Kristi DuBois, Kirk Eakin, Deborah Goslin, John Grensten, Ed Harper, S.W. Haywood, Kathryn Hicks, Chris HofF, Pamela Hunt, Mitch Hurt, S.T. Hyland, Radd Icenoggle, Barbara Jaquith, Danielle Anne Jones, Nate Kohler, Larry Langstaff, David Laufenberg, Janene Lichtenberg, Elizabeth Madden, Jeff Marks, Stephen Martin, Bryce Maxell, Tracy McCreery, Jennifer Nagy, Ted Nordhagen, Barb Pitman, Caleb Putnam, Eric Rasmussen, Ryan Rauscher, Jeremy Roberts, James Rogers, William Roney, Scott Ross, Don Sasse, Don Skaar, Henning Stabins, Kate Stone, Jim Story, Karen Stutzman, Daniel Sullivan, Terry Toppins, DaleTribby, Ramona KayTurnbull, KentUndlin, Lynn Verlanic, Virginia Vincent, Jim Waldo, DavidWaller, Jeffrey Warren, Wayne Weber, Robin Wolcott, and Stephanie Wood 500 to 999 records Dan Bachen, Ellen Baker, Jason Bivens, Edward Boyd, Bob Bramblett, James Brown, Durel Carstensen, Rab Cummings, David DeSante, Ronan Donovan, Debra Elwood, David Ely, Robert Eng, Gina Gahagan, Stephanie Gillin, John Gobeille, Pat Grantham, Kristina Gunderson, Andrew Guttenberg, Nick Hajdukovich, Philip Henson, Elizabeth Hill, Judy Hoy, Joe Johnson, Jon King, Frederick Klasner, Kathleen Knaphus, Craig Knowles, Marisa Lipsey, Lisa Lister, Bill Long, Robert Lubbers, Curtis Lund, Terry McEneaney, Jay McGowan, Kris McLean, Guy McWethy, Janet Millard, Heather Nenninger, Matthew Ocko, Patricia O'Connor, Tonja Opperman, Ellison Orcutt, John Prange, Adam Quinn, Beverly Skinner, Douglas Stotz, Brian Sullivan, Jay Sumner, James Swanson, Ted J. Torgerson, Mike Vennard, Bernard Volet, Dean Waltee, Susan Weller, Michelle Williams, Melissa Wolfe, Richard Yates, and Jock Young 100 to 499 records Jan Allen, Michael Andersen, John Anderson, Renner Anderson, Kirk Andrews, Nick and Paula Anich, Frederick Atwood, M. Barrick, Ned and Gigi Batchelder, Dale Becker, Mikael Behrens, Katie Benzel, Jeff Berglund, J. Berner, Jim Berry, Steve Betchkal, Ashley Beyer, Michael Bowen, Mike Boyce, Alan Bragg, Julie Breeden, Aaron Brees, Lou Bruno, Christopher Burney, Hunter Burningham, Geoff Butcher, Nancy Butkovich, Rory Cameron, Richard Cannings, Russell Cannings, Jay Carlisle, Steve Carson, Bruce Carter, Linda Chittum, Carolee Colter, Shilo Comeau, Anne and Kenneth Cook, Carey Cooper, Jacob Cooper, Charlotte Corkran, Patricia Corry, Joshua Covill, Charles Crawford, Mark Crawford, Mark Cress, Bob Crowley, Chad Cyrus, Kelsey Dalton, Steven Dawes, Andre Desrochers, Dave Dickson, Mac R. Donofrio, Arnie Dood, Paul Drescher, Steve Drilling, James Dunn, Peter Dunwiddie, Christopher Eliot, Chris Elphick, Laura Elze, Paulette Epple, Roger Evans, 190 Erin Fairbank, Patrick Farmer, Vanessa Fields, John Finnegan, Mike Fisher, John Fitzpatrick, Dennis Flath, Jenny Flesch, Robert Foppe, ToUine Gallagher, Rob Gappert, Maureen Geiger, Barbara Geller, Mel GofF, Daniel Gomez, Andrew Grainger, Bob Green, Jim Greene, Dale Gunderson, Richard Guthrie, Margaret Hahr, Nate Hall, Cliff Halverson, Joe Hanfman, Janet Hardin, Rita Harding, Christopher Harris, Lou Ann Harris, Bob Haynes, Stan Heath, Charles Hedeen, Bernie Hildebrand, Beth Hill, Shannon Hilty, Barton Hoag, Ray Hodson, Robert Hoffmann, Alex Hughes, Heather Hundt, Richard Hutto, Andrew Jakes, Ashley Jensen, August Johnson, Peggy Joki, Cedron Jones, Janice Jorgensen, Thomas Kallmeyer, Adam Kent, Craig Kesselheim, Jack Kirkley, Ethan Kisder, Marvin Krook, Mari Krumwiede, Nancy LaFramboise, Scott Lang, David Lautenbach, Debbie Leick, Jeremy Linden, Kurt Lindsay, Tim Ludwick, Peter Lundberg, Laura Lundby, Geof Lynn, Susan Maclin, Mary Anne Marjamaa, Bob Martinka, William Matthews, Terence McClelland, Andrew McGann, John McKeever, Matt McKim-Louder, Poody McLaughlin, Adam Messer, Annie Meyer, Craig Miller, Mark Mizak, Jim Moore, Karen Moulder, Jennifer Muscha, Lewis Myers, Susan Newell, Dan Nickerson, Johan Nilsson, Tim O'Brien, Marty O'Malley, John Parker, Marcia Parker, Grace Pearsall, Jody Peters, Dick Porter, Paul Prappas, Charles Pregler, Bill Pulliam, Christie Quarles, Barbara Quinlan, Brett Quiring, Michael Rabenberg, Bill Rainey, Larry Rau, Richard Reading, Monte Reder,Tom Reed, James Reichel, Van Remsen, Marco Restani, Kenneth Rieker, Wendy Rihner, Bob Ringler, Greg Risdahl, Ralph Rogers, Forrest Rowland, Jennifer Rycenga, Thomas Sanders, Karla Sartor, Kari Sawyer, Scott Schuette, Sandy SchuU, Mary Schvetz, Michael Schwitters, Kimberly Sellers, Nathan Senner, David Shea, Maria Shepherd, Steve Sherman, Kate Shick, Neil Simpson, James Sipiora, Winter Smith, Ty Smucker, John Spencer, Leslie Starr, Andy Stepniewski, Monty Sullins, Brian Sullivan, Mark Sullivan, Shannon Swanson, Pete Swigert, Alex Taft, Lance Tanino, Bryan Tarbox, Graham Taylor, Steve Taylor, Fred Tilly, Steve Ting, Patrick Toomey, Neil Travis, Mark Traxler, Wayne Tree, Van Truan, C. Vince, Martha Vogt, Ben Wagner, Brett Walker, Larry Weeks, Phil Wegener, Herbert Weigl, Hillary Welch, Jackie Weller, Harold Wentland, George West, Chelsey Whenham, Stu and Rynel Wickend, Tate Wilcox, Aubrey Williams, Jason Wilmot, Rob Wingard, Steve Winger, Linda Winnie, Chris Wright, David Wrobleski, Ben Young, Sarah Young, Kathi and J. Kamps Younger, James Zelenak, and Michael Zielinski 1 to 99 records More than two thousand individuals contributed from 1 to 99 records; each of these is of value. Space constraints prevent listing every name here, but we extend our THANKS to everyone for contributing their observations and assisting with improving our understanding of bird distributions in Montana. 191 Appendix M. Checklist of Birds of Montana Greater White-fronted Goose Snow Goose Ross's Goose Cackling Goose* Canada Goose _ Brant* Mute Swan Trumpeter Swan Tundra Swan _ Wood Duck Gadwall Eurasian Wigeon American Wigeon American Black Duck Mallard Blue-winged Teal Cinnamon Teal Northern Shoveler Northern Pintail Garganey* Green-winged Teal Canvasback Redhead Ring-necked Duck _ Tufted Duck* Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Harlequin Duck Surf Scoter White-winged Scoter Black Scoter* Long-tailed Duck _ Bufflehead Common Goldeneye Barrow's Goldeneye Hooded Merganser Common Merganser Red-breasted Merganser Ruddy Duck Chukar Gray Partridge Ring-necked Pheasant .^ Ruffed Grouse Greater Sage-Grouse Spruce Grouse Willow Ptarmigan* White-tailed Ptarmigan Dusky Grouse Sharp-tailed Grouse Greater Prairie-Chicken _ Wild Turkey Red-throated Loon* Pacific Loon Common Loon Yellow-billed Loon* Pied-billed Grebe Horned Grebe 192 Red-necked Grebe Eared Grebe Western Grebe . Clark's Grebe . Manx Shearwater* . Wood Stork* . Double-crested Cormorant . American White Pelican . American Bittern . Least Bittern* . Great Blue Heron . Great Egret Snowy Egret Little Blue Heron* . Cattle Egret . Green Heron* . Black-crowned Night-Heron . Yellow-crowned Night-Heron* . Glossy Ibis* . White-faced Ibis . Turkey Vulture . Osprey . White-tailed Kite* . Mississippi Kite* . Bald Eagle . Northern Harrier . Sharp-shinned Hawk . Cooper's Hawk . Northern Goshawk . Red-shouldered Hawk* . Broad-winged Hawk . Swainson's Hawk . Red-tailed Hawk . Ferruginous Hawk . Rough-legged Hawk . Golden Eagle . Crested Caracara* . American Kestrel . Merlin . Gyrfalcon _ Peregrine Falcon . Prairie Falcon . Yellow Rail* . Virginia Rail _ Sora . Common Gallinule* . American Coot _ Sandhill Crane . Whooping Crane . Black-bellied Plover . American Golden-Plover . Snowy Plover* . Semipalmated Plover . Piping Plover '_ Killdeer . Mountain Plover Black-necked Stilt American Avocet Spotted Sandpiper Solitary Sandpiper Greater Yellowlegs _ Willet Lesser Yellowlegs Upland Sandpiper Whimbrel Long-billed Curlew Hudsonian Godwit Marbled Godwit Ruddy Turnstone Black Turnstone* _ Red Knot Sanderling Semipalmated Sandpiper Western Sandpiper Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Sharp-tailed Sandpiper* Dunlin Curlew Sandpiper* Stilt Sandpiper Buff-breasted Sandpiper Short-billed Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitcher Wilson's Snipe American Woodcock* Wilson's Phalarope Red-necked Phalarope Red Phalarope* Black-legged Kittiwake* Sabine's Gull Bonaparte's Gull _ Little Gull* Ross's Gull* Laughing Gull* Franklin's Gull Mew Gull _ Ring-billed Gull California Gull Herring Gull Thayer's Gull _ Iceland Gull* Lesser Black-backed Gull* Glaucous-winged Gull* Glaucous Gull Great Black-backed Gull* Least Tern Caspian Tern Black Tern Common Tern Arctic Tern* Forster's Tern Pomarine Jaeger* Parasitic Jaeger* Long-tailed Jaeger* Long-billed Murrelet* Ancient Murrelet* Rock Pigeon Band-tailed Pigeon Eurasian CoUared-Dove White-winged Dove* Mourning Dove Inca Dove* Yellow-billed Cuckoo* Black-billed Cuckoo Barn Owl Flammulated Owl Western Screech-Owl Eastern Screech-Owl Great Horned Owl Snowy Owl Northern Hawk Owl Northern Pygmy-Owl Burrowing Owl Barred Owl Great Gray Owl Long-eared Owl Short-eared Owl Boreal Owl Northern Saw-whet Owl Common Nighthawk Common Poorwill Whip-poor-will* Black Swift Chimney Swift Vaux's Swift White-throated Swift Ruby-throated Hummingbird* Black-chinned Hummingbird . Anna's Hummingbird* . Costa's Hummingbird* . Calliope Hummingbird Broad-tailed Hummingbird . Rufous Hummingbird Belted Kingfisher . Lewis's Woodpecker . Red-headed Woodpecker . Red-bellied Woodpecker* . Williamson's Sapsucker . Yellow-bellied Sapsucker* . Red-naped Sapsucker . Downy Woodpecker . Hairy Woodpecker . White-headed Woodpecker* . American Three-toed Woodpecker . Black-backed Woodpecker . Northern Flicker . Pileated Woodpecker . Olive-sided Flycatcher . Western Wood-Pewee . Eastern Wood-Pewee* . Yellow-bellied Flycatcher* Alder Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Least Flycatcher . Hammond's Flycatcher Gray Flycatcher* . Dusky Flycatcher Cordilleran Flycatcher . Eastern Phoebe* . Say's Phoebe . Vermilion Flycatcher* . Ash-throated Flycatcher* . Great Crested Flycatcher* . Cassin's Kingbird . Western Kingbird . Eastern Kingbird . Scissor-tailed Flycatcher* . Loggerhead Shrike . Northern Shrike . White-eyed Vireo* . Yellow-throated Vireo* . Plumbeous Vireo . Cassin's Vireo . Blue-headed Vireo* . Warbling Vireo . Philadelphia Vireo* . Red-eyed Vireo _ Gray Jay . Pinyon Jay . Steller's Jay . Blue Jay _ Western Scrub-Jay* . Clark's Nutcracker _ Black-billed Magpie . American Crow _ Common Raven . Horned Lark _ Purple Martin . Tree Swallow _ Violet-green Swallow _ Northern Rough-winged Swallow _ Bank Swallow . Cliff Swallow . Barn Swallow . Black-capped Chickadee . Mountain Chickadee _ Chestnut-backed Chickadee . Boreal Chickadee _ Red-breasted Nuthatch _ White-breasted Nuthatch . Pygmy Nuthatch _ Brown Creeper _ Rock Wren . Canyon Wren _ Carolina Wren* _ Bewick's Wren* _ House Wren _ Pacific Wren .Winter Wren* . Sedge Wren* . Marsh Wren Blue-gray Gnatcatcher* American Dipper Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet . Eastern Bluebird . Western Bluebird Mountain Bluebird Townsend's Solitaire . Veery Gray-cheeked Thrush* . Swainson's Thrush . Hermit Thrush . Wood Thrush* . American Robin . Varied Thrush . Gray Catbird . Northern Mockingbird . Sage Thrasher . Brown Thrasher . Curve-billed Thrasher* . European Starling . Siberian Accentor* . American Pipit . Sprague's Pipit . Bohemian Waxwing . Cedar Waxwing _ Lapland Longspur . Chestnut-collared Longspur . Smith's Longspur* _ McCown's Longspur . Snow Bunting . Ovenbird _ Northern Waterthrush . Golden-winged Warbler* _ Blue-winged Warbler* . Black-and-white Warbler . Prothonotary Warbler* . Tennessee Warbler . Orange-crowned Warbler _ Nashville Warbler . Connecticut Warbler* . MacGillivray's Warbler . Mourning Warbler . Kentucky Warbler* _ Common Yellowthroat . Hooded Warbler* . American Redstart . Cape May Warbler . Northern Parula* _ Magnolia Warbler . Bay-breasted Warbler* _ Blackburnian Warbler* . Yellow Warbler _ Chestnut-sided Warbler . Blackpoll Warbler . Black-throated Blue Warbler _ Palm Warbler Pine Warbler* 193 . Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler* . Prairie Warbler* . Black-throated Gray Warbler* Townsend's Warbler . Black-throated Green Warbler* . Canada Warbler . Wilson's Warbler . Painted Redstart* . Yellow-breasted Chat . Green-tailed Towhee . Spotted Towhee . Eastern Towhee* . American Tree Sparrow Chipping Sparrow . Clay-colored Sparrow . Brewer's Sparrow . Field Sparrow . Vesper Sparrow . Lark Sparrow . Black-throated Sparrow* . Sage Sparrow* . Lark Bunting . Savannah Sparrow . Grasshopper Sparrow . Baird's Sparrow . Le Conte's Sparrow . Nelson's Sparrow Fox Sparrow Song Sparrow . Lincoln's Sparrow . Swamp Sparrow . White-throated Sparrow Harris's Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow . Golden-crowned Sparrow* Dark-eyed Junco Summer Tanager* . Scarlet Tanager* Western Tanager . Northern Cardinal* . Pyrrhuloxia* . Rose-breasted Grosbeak . Black-headed Grosbeak . Blue Grosbeak* . Lazuli Bunting . Indigo Bunting . Painted Bunting* . Dickcissel Bobolink . Red-winged Blackbird . Eastern Meadowlark* . Western Meadowlark Yellow-headed Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Common Crackle Great-tailed Crackle* Brown-headed Cowbird Orchard Oriole Hooded Oriole* Bullock's Oriole Baltimore Oriole Brambling* Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Black Rosy-Finch . Pine Grosbeak Purple Finch . Cassin's Finch . House Finch . Red Crossbill . White-winged Crossbill Common Redpoll . Hoary Redpoll Pine Siskin . Lesser Goldfinch . American Goldfinch . Evening Grosbeak . House Sparrow * Rare species in Montana 194 References American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-listofNorth American Birds, 7th ed. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. AOU. 2003. Forty-fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 1 19:923-931. AOU. 2007. Forty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 124: 11 09-1 115. AOU. 2008. Forty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-hst of North American birds. Auk 125:758-768. AOU. 2009. Fiftieth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 126:705-714. AOU. 2010. Fifty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 127:726-744. AOU. 201 1. Fifty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds. Auk 128:600-613. Bergeron, D., C. Jones, D.L. Center, and D. Sullivan. 1992. P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution, 4th Edition. Special Publication No. 2. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. DeLorme. 201 1. Montana Atlas & Gazetteer, 8th Edition. DeLorme Publishing, Yarmouth, ME. Lenard, S., J. Carlson, J. Ellis, C. Jones, and C. Tilly. 2003. P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution, 6th Edition. Montana Audubon, Helena, MT. Montana Bird Distribution Committee. 1996. P.D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution, 5th Edition. Special Publication No. 3. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. Saunders, A.A. 1921. A distributional list of the birds of Montana: With notes on the migration and nesting of the better known species. Pacific Coast Avifauna No. 14. Skaar, D., D. Flath, and L.S. Thompson. 1985. Montana Bird Distribution, 3rd Edition. Montana Academy of Sciences, Monograph No. 3. Skaar, P.D. 1969. Birds of the Bozeman Latilong. Published by author, Bozeman, MT Skaar, P.D. 1975. Montana Bird Distribution, 1st Edition. Published by author, Bozeman, MT. Skaar, P.D. 1980. Montana Bird Distribution, 2nd Edition. Published by author, Bozeman, MT. Wright, P. L. 1 996. Status of rare birds in Montana, with comments on known hybrids. Northwestern Naturalist 77:57-85. 195 A Crow, American, 109 Dusky, 98 Accentor, Siberian, 126 Cuckoo Gray, 98 Avocet, American, 54 Black-billed, 78 Great Crested, 100 j Yellow-billed, 78 Hammond's, 98 B Curlew, Long-billed, 57 Least, 97 Bittern Olive-sided, 95 American, 36 D Scissor-tailed, 102 Least, 36 Dickcissel, 159 Vermilion, 100 Blackbird Dipper, American, 1 1 9 Willow, 97 Brewer's, 162 Dove Yellow-bellied, 96 Red-winged, 160 Inca, 77 Rusty, 161 Mourning, 11 r^ (jr Yellow-headed, 161 White-winged, 77 Gadwall, 16 Bluebird Dowitcher Gallinule, Common, 50 Eastern, 120 Long-billed, 63 Garganey, 19 Mountain, 121 Short-billed, 63 Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 118 Western, 120 Duck Godwit Bobolink, 159 American Black, 17 Hudsonian, 57 Brambling, 165 Harlequin, 23 Marbled, 58 Brant, 14 Long-tailed, 24 Goldeneye Bufflehead, 24 Ring-necked, 21 Barrow's, 25 Bunting Ruddy, 26 Common, 25 Indigo, 158 Tufted, 22 Golden-Plover Lark, 149 Wood, 16 American, 51 Lazuli, 158 Dunlin, 62 Goldfinch Painted, 159 American, 170 Snow, 129 E Lesser, 169 Eagle Goose c Bald, 42 Cackling, 14 Canvasback, 21 Golden, 46 Canada, 14 Caracara, Crested, 46 Egret Greater White- fronted, 13 Cardinal, Northern, 156 Catde, 38 Ross's, 13 Catbird, Gray, 124 Great, 37 Snow, 13 Chat, Yellow-breasted, 143 Snowy, 38 Goshawk, Northern, 44 Chickadee Crackle Black-capped, 112 T' Common, 162 r Boreal, 113 Falcon Great-tailed, 162 Chestnut-backed, 113 Peregrine, 48 Grebe Mountain, 113 Prairie, 48 Clark's, 34 Chukar, 27 Finch Eared, 34 CoUared-Dove, Eurasian, 76 Cassin's, 167 Horned, 33 Coot, American, 50 House, 167 Pied-billed, 33 Cormorant, Double-crested, 35 Purple, 166 Red-necked, 33 Cowbird, Brown-headed, 163 Flicker Western, 34 Crane Northern, 94 Grosbeak Sandhill, 50 Red-shafted, 94 Black-headed, 157 Whooping, 51 Yellow-shafted, 95 Blue, 158 Creeper, Brown, 115 Flycatcher Evening, 170 Crossbill Alder, 97 Pine, 166 Red, 167 Ash-throated, 100 Rose-breasted, 157 White-winged, 168 Cordilleran, 99 196 Grouse Dusky, 29 Ruffed, 28 Sharp-tailed, 30 Spruce, 28 Gull Bonaparte's, 66 California, 69 Franklin's, 68 Glaucous, 71 Glaucous-winged, 71 Great Black-backed, 71 Herring, 69 Iceland, 70 Laughing, 68 Lesser Black-backed, 70 Litde, 67 Mew, 68 Ring-billed, 69 Ross's, 67 Sabine's, 66 Thayer's, 70 Gyrfalcon, 47 H Harrier, Northern, 42 Hawk Broad-winged, 44 Cooper's, 43 Ferruginous, 45 Red-shouldered, 44 Red- tailed, 45 Rough-legged, 46 Sharp-shinned, 43 Swainson's, 45 Heron Great Blue, 37 Green, 39 Litde Blue, 38 Hummingbird Anna's, 87 Black-chinned, 87 Broad-tailed, 89 Calliope, 88 Costa's, 88 Ruby-throated, 87 Rufous, 89 I J Jaeger Long-tailed, 75 Parasitic, 74 Pomarine, 74 Jay Blue, 107 Gray, 106 Pinyon, 107 Steller's, 107 Junco Dark-eyed, 153 Gray-headed, 155 Oregon (Montana), 154 Pink-sided, 1 54 Slate-colored, 154 White-winged, 155 K Kestrel, American, 47 Killdeer, 53 Kingbird Cassin's, 101 Eastern, 101 Western, 101 Kingfisher, Belted, 89 Kinglet Golden-crowned, 119 Ruby-crowned, 120 Kite Mississippi, 42 White-tailed, 41 Kittiwake, Black-legged, 66 Knot, Red, 59 Ibis Glossy, 40 White-faced, 40 Lark, Horned, 109 Longspur Chestnut-collared, 128 Lapland, 127 McCown's, 129 Smith's, 128 Loon Common, 32 Pacific, 31 Red-throated, 31 Yellow-billed, 32 M- Meadowlark Eastern, 160 Western, 160 Merganser Common, 26 Hooded, 25 Red-breasted, 26 Merlin, 47 Mockingbird, Northern, 124 Murrelet Ancient, 75 Long-billed, 75 N Nighthawk, Common, 84 Night-Heron Black-crowned, 39 Yellow-crowned, 39 Nutcracker, Clark's, 108 Nuthatch Pygmy, 114 Red-breasted, 114 White-breasted, 114 O Oriole Baltimore, 164 Bullock's, 164 Hooded, 163 Northern, 165 Orchard, 163 Osprey, 41 Ovenbird, 129 Owl Barn, 79 Barred, 82 Boreal, 83 Burrowing, 82 Flammulated, 79 Great Gray, 82 Great Horned, 80 Long-eared, 83 Northern Hawk, 8 1 Northern Saw-whet, 84 Short-eared, 83 Snowy, 80 Magpie, Black-billed, 108 Mallard, 18 Martin, Purple, 110 Partridge, Gray, 27 Parula, Northern, 135 Pelican, American White, 36 Phalarope Red, 65 197 Red-necked, 65 Wilson's, 65 Pheasant, Ring-necked, 27 Phoebe Eastern, 99 Say's, 99 Pigeon Band-tailed, 76 Rock, 76 Pintail, Northern, 19 Pipit American, 126 Sprague's, 126 Plover Black-bellied, 51 Mountain, 53 Piping, 52 Semipalmated, 52 Snowy, 52 Poorwill, Common, 84 Prairie-Chicken, Greater, 30 Ptarmigan White-tailed, 29 Willow, 29 Pygmy-Owl, Northern, 81 Pyrrhuloxia, 157 R Rail Virginia, 49 Yellow, 48 Raven, Common, 109 Redhead, 21 Redpoll Common, 168 Hoary, 169 Redstart American, 135 Painted, 143 Robin, American, 123 Rosy-Finch Black, 166 Gray-crowned, 165 Sage-Grouse, Greater, 28 Sanderling, 59 Sandpiper Baird's, 61 BufF-breasted, 63 Curlew, 62 Least, 60 Pectoral, 61 Semipalmated, 59 Sharp-tailed, 61 Solitary, 55 Spotted, 54 Stik, 62 Upland, 56 Western, 60 White-rumped, 60 Sapsucker Red-naped, 91 Williamson's, 91 Yellow-bellied, 91 Scaup Greater, 22 Lesser, 22 Scoter Black, 24 Surf, 23 White-winged, 23 Screech-Owl Eastern, 80 Western, 79 Scrub-Jay, Western, 108 Shearwater, Manx, 35 Shoveler, Northern, 19 Shrike Loggerhead, 102 Northern, 103 Siskin, Pine, 169 Snipe, Wilson's, 64 Solitaire, Townsend's, 121 Sora, 49 Sparrow American Tree, 145 Baird's, 150 Black-throated, 148 Brewer's, 146 Timberline, 146 Chipping, 145 Clay-colored, 146 Field, 147 Fox, 151 Golden-crowned, 153 Grasshopper, 149 Harris's, 152 House, 171 Lark, 148 Le Conte's, 1 50 Lincoln's, 151 Nelson's, 150 Sage, 148 Savannah, 149 Song, 151 Swamp, 152 Vesper, 147 White-crowned, 153 White-throated, 152 Starling, European, 125 Stilt, Black-necked, 54 Stork, Wood, 35 Swallow Bank, 1 1 1 Barn, 112 Cliff, 1 1 1 Northern Rough-winged, 111 Tree, 110 Violet-green, 110 Swan Mute, 15 Trumpeter, 15 Tundra, 16 Swift Black, 85 Chimney, 85 Vaux's, 86 White-throated, 86 T Tanager Scarlet, 156 Summer, 155 Western, 156 Teal Blue-winged, 18 Cinnamon, 18 Green-winged, 20 Eurasian Green-winged, 20 Tern Arctic, 73 Black, 72 Caspian, 72 Common, 73 Forster's, 74 Least, 72 Thrasher Brown, 125 Curve-billed, 125 Sage, 124 Thrush Gray-cheeked, 122 Hermit, 122 Swainson's, 122 Varied, 123 Wood, 123 198 Towhee Eastern, 144 Green-tailed, 144 Spotted, 144 Turkey, Wild, 31 Turnstone Black, 58 Ruddy, 58 Veery, 121 Vireo Blue-headed, 104 Cassia's, 104 Philadelphia, 105 Plumbeous, 104 Red-eyed, 106 Solitary, 105 Warbling, 105 White-eyed, 103 Yellow-throated, 103 Vulture, Turkey, 40 W Warbler Bay-breasted, 136 Black-and-white, 131 Blackburnian, 136 Blackpoll, 138 Black-throated Blue, 138 Black-throated Gray, 14 1 Black-throated Green, 142 Blue-winged, 130 Canada, 142 Cape May, 135 Chestnut-sided, 137 Connecticut, 133 Golden-winged, 130 Hooded, 134 Kentucky, 134 MacGillivray's, 133 Magnolia, 136 Mourning, 133 Nashville, 132 Orange-crowned, 132 Palm, 139 Pine, 139 Prairie, 141 Prothonotary, 131 Tennessee, 132 Townsend's, 141 Wilson's, 142 Yellow, 137 Yellow-rumped, 139 Audubon's, 140 Myrtle, 140 Yellow-throated, 140 Waterthrush, Northern, 130 Waxwing Bohemian, 127 Cedar, 127 Whimbrel, 56 Whip-poor-will, 85 Wigeon American, 17 Eurasian, 17 WiUet, 55 Woodcock, American, 64 Woodpecker American Three-toed, 93 Black-backed, 93 Downy, 92 Hairy, 92 Lewis's, 90 Pileated, 95 Red-bellied, 90 Red-headed, 90 White-headed, 93 Wood-Pewee Eastern, 96 Western, 96 Wren Bewick's, 1 16 Canyon, 115 Carolina, 116 House, 1 16 Marsh, 118 Pacific, 117 Rock, 1 1 5 Sedge, 118 Winter, 117 Yellowlegs Greater, 55 Lesser, 56 Yellowthroat, Common, 134 199 Notes 200 Travel Maps 201 202 203 a 4 ^iSUlt^Ofs.. O ^ UJ 0) T3 > Q o c 0) H (U CD ^ c c o c/) 5 o C/) O c =) (D C £> g (D CD 8 i 03 O L^ mi a. re E (fl Z 4^ c o ■o o (0 E P (0 u o c o r ra CT V r 3 o 205 206 a (0 E IE *-« c o •o 0) (0 E M o _o O) c o r re 3 ■ ■c n 3 o 207 a ra E « «i> c o TJ O JC k. m E £ (0 u o o> c o n 3 cr ■ o t n 3 o 208 y\y Interstate /\/ US or MT Route /\/ Secondary /'^x^* Continental Divide Latilong Lines Quarter Latilong Lines County Boundaries Indian Reservations National Park Service Quarter latilong identifier is indicated in the center of each QLL block. 60 120 Miles Great Falls Missoula Butte Helena Billings More *thank yous' for support of this boo Mission Mountain Audubon Society rheNature Conservancy Protecting nature. Preserving Iife7 MP( RANG INTERMOUNTAIN V JOINT VENTURt Mi Pintler Audubon Society i llHTl C^ Sacajawea Audubon Society ^PP^'' Missouri Audubon Sc WESTECH Environmental Services, Inc. YELLOWSTONE VALLEY AUl - FROM THE PRAIRIES TO THE PEAKS, Legend For a complete legend and detailed descriptions of each legend item, seepages 10 - 12. B Direct evidence of breeding. H Observation records for years " 1991 -2002 for B. b Indirect evidence of breeding. I I Observation records tor years ^ 1991 -2002 for b. t No evidence of breeding, but observed between 16 February and 14 December. I I Observation records for years ^ 1991 -2002 fort. I I Latilongs where the species was reported prior to 1991 and not since. O QLL where the species was reported prior to 1991 and not since. W Overwintering; regular sightings between 15 December and 1 5 February. H Cumulative historical information ■ forW. w Observed during the wintering season (15 December to 15 February), but not confirmed as overwintering. D Cumulative historical information forw. 2003-2011 = total number of new sightings submitted for this edition. TEC Threatened, endangered, or candidate species. SOC Species of Concern SI Species of Interest Rl/2/3 Rare bird status