Rae OD . RP AM ter ath fa eet - ip hee. Diya Ale Sm Yin No. eRe hm Me alten oe a ate Een De ED ome Ah nih ADM An DAY An CMe tide Mpa De eee MA BO Am Mim rein PH Prd om 5 oben at foun iatin, eens ARAL RY IS I Rel oer athe Ah att Pie SA te Duel Ai ND APIS t8 Sar A BH Snap eee in it eee rs pacmie es par 0 -y-e NO T Pe ee tee SP NOE . Ets peal neitahpaentanettee mm ; nate lata PF PRG De A PT ot te nD. Soe Ne ee ei is i) ESA A ers fr a - 7 pe Dy oe 4 : r Ww re 7 FoF Pitre, ie : - ) , os! pe ~ 7 ‘ 40) 1 Oey, a | Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. ee nee ine a a= Es 7 Bari Dt a ie re : CIRCULAR NO. 26, SECOND SERIES. United States Department of Agriculture, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. THE PEAR SLUG. (Hriocampoides limacina Retzius. ) CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTORY. The damage to the foliage of the pear, cherry, plum, and allied trees from the slimy slug-worm is familiar to every fruit grower. Two or three generations of these slug-worms, or " slugs,’? as they are also termed, appear during the summer and frequently in such extraordi- nary numbers, with the later broods, that the leaves of the attacked plants turn brown, die, and fall to the ground in midsummer, and the new growth of foliage which is afterward thrown out is often similarly destroyed. Trees thus denuded are much checked in growth or greatly injured, if not killed. When ‘the slugs are very abundant, as they frequently are in July during the second brood, the sound of the eating of myri- ads of mouths resembles somewhat the falling of fine mist or rain on the leaves, and .instead of one or two larve at work on a leaf there _, SS ee ES FP errs G SR b iS eye i Fie. 1.—PEAR SLUG: a, adult saw-fly, female; b, larva emMay be upward of thirty. with slime removed; c, same in normal state: d, Under such circumstances a leaves with larve natural size; a, b.c, much enlarged ‘yery distinct and disagree- as ‘able odor is disseminated by the multitudes of slimy slug-like creatures. The slug-fly is.a small, glossy black insect, considerably less in size than the house fly, measuring only about one-fifth of an inch in length. ‘The wings, which are four in number, are transparent, iridescent, and have a smoky band across the middle, which varies in intensity in dif- ferent specimens. It belongs to the family commonly termed “ saw- flies,’ (Tenthredinide) on account of the saw-like instrument or ‘ovipositor with which the female insect places its eggs in the leaves or i other soft parts of the plant. f 2 The pear slug is an old enemy of fruit trees, and while it has been known in this country for over a hundred years as an American species, the interesting fact that it is the familiar slug-worm pest of the pear and plum trees of Europe has not hitherto been definitely ascertained. In Massachusetts, toward the latter part of the last century, this insect became very destructive, and Prof. Wm. D. Peck prepared an admira- ble, illustrated account of it under the title of ‘‘ Natural History of the Slug Worm,’’ which was printed in Boston in 1799 by the Massachu- setts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. The author obtained for the production the society’s premium of $50 and a gold medal. The account of this insect given by Professor Peck is fairly complete and accurate, but for fifty years it has been out of print and inaccessible, and I have not been able to consult it. Harris abridged and condensed it for his account of the slug-worm in his “‘ Insects Injurious to Vegeta- tion,’’ published in 1841, and later writers have generally followed Harris. In Europe this insect was one of the first of the injurious species that attracted attention, and one of the earliest of the economic writers on insects, Réaumur, in the fifth volume of his bulky work published in 1740, gives a short account of it, together with recognizable figures of the insect in different stages, illustrating also the effect of its work on leaves. The first description and name which stands out unquestioned is by Retzius (17838), who describes the species as Tenthredo limacina. Linné, in describing what seems to have been an entirely distinct in- sect, which he called Tenthredo cerasi, quotes Réaumur’s account of the | slug-worm, which he erroneously took as belonging to his species, and | very generally since, therefore, the former has been called cerasi Linn. (Cameron. ) | Professor Peck in describing the insect gave it the name suggested by | Linné, and was of the belief that the species occurring about Boston | was at most a mere variety of Linné’s species, meaning, however, the common pear-slug fly of Europe. Later American writers have treated it as a native species, and under the generic name of Selandria or Erio- campa, Peck has had the credit for it in this country, and the fact that Peck himself associated it with Linné’s species has been generally | overlooked. | That the species so common in this country is identical with the slug- fly of Europe has been fully established by a comparison of specimens, from Europe with abundant American material. | In Europe this insect has been the subject of description by innu-| merable authors, having received at least nine different specific names and having been referred to some eight genera. In this country it has also been the subject of many short notices, but of very few full accounts other than the one published by Peck. 9 oO The pear slug is an insect which is easily distributed with the soil about the plants which it infests, and it has been so carried about the world until it has made its way into practically every civilized country. It is known at least to occur throughout Europe and America and in many of the British colonies. The slugs have been found on a great many different plants, Reaumur recording them on the plum and cherry, and especially pear, but also on the oak, and a recent catalogue by Dalla Torre indicates their occurrence on over thirty different plants in Europe. Certain stone fruits and the pear, particularly the latter, are their especial favorites. LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. The parent fly may be seen on the pear or other trees which serve as food for the larvee very early in the spring. In Washington, D. C., the present season they were observed on the newly-ex- panded leaves by the middle of April actively engaged in laying their eggs. In the lat- itude of Boston and northward the flies do not appear much before the middle of May, and the egg-laying is chiefly during the latter part of May and first of June. Judging from our experience here many of the eggs laid by -the flies which Fira. 2.—PEAR SLUG, illustrating method of oviposition appear in April perish during and emergence of larva: a, cutting of cell beneath the cold wet weather which epidermis, with ovipositor; 6, same after egg has often characterizes this month. We eR Re ES aed named This was notably the case the present season, few, if any, of the eggs first deposited producing larvee. But one egg is deposited in a place, and it is always inserted from the under side of the leaf. The ovipositor is thrust obliquely through the leaf to the upper epidermis, but not piercing the latter, and shows there distinctly through the transparent upper skin of the leaf, as rep- resented in the accompanying illustration (fig. 2), while the insect otherwise is completely hidden. The saw-like instrument, when brought into the position noted, is moved rapidly with a swinging lateral motion from side to side, cutting the upper epidermis free so as to form an irregular cell or pocket of peculiar flattened ovoid outline. The egg is quickly passed down between the plates of the ovipositor and dropped into the pocket thus made, the time occupied being a little over one minute for the entire operation. a Usually before placing the egg the fly runs about rapidly over the upper surface of the leaf, examining it carefully, and then goes over to the under side to Insert an egg, after which she reappears on the upper surface of the leaf and rests for a minute or so before flying to another leaf. It often happens that a good many eggs are deposited in a single leaf, but I am convinced that this is usually by different flies or at different visits by the same individual. The loosened epidermis about the egg dries somewhat, and the egg-cell soon appears as a minute brownish spot with the almost colorless egg showing at the center. The egg is oval, slightly flattened on one side, and remains in its peculiar cell (see fig. 2, 0) for a period of about two weeks before the larva escapes. It is so placed in the leaf that it can be readily watched and its gradual increase in size by absorption from the leaf and the development of the young larva can be easily studied with a hand lens. The larva emerges on the upper surface of the leaf through a very regular semicircular cut which it makes near the center of the cell. At first it is clear or free from slime and in color nearly white, except the yellowish-brown head; but almost immediately the slimy or gluey olive- colored liquid begins to exude over its entire Pee ne body, giving it the appearance of a minute slug, moultedlarvalskin: B larva OF Soit snail, from which it gets itsmameo its after casting last skin— head is dark brown, appearing black under the any iean gies) eslimerandihe body also becomes almost equally dark. The anterior segments are much swollen, covering up and concealing the head and thoracic legs. In common with other saw-fly larvee it has a great number of false legs or prolegs on the abdominal segments; in this species there are fourteen such prolegs, the terminal pair being wanting, and the tapering tip of the body is usually slightly elevated. As soon as the larva emerges from the egg it- begins feeding on the upper surface of the leaf, eating out small holes or patches about the size of a pin head or smaller, but never eating entirely through the leaf. The larvee feed almost invariably on the upper side of the leaves and ’ the minute eaten spots which they make at the start rapidly increase in size until much of it, but not the entire surface of the leaf, is denuded, leaving merely a network of veins, or a leaf skeleton, held together by a nearly intact lower epidermis. Leaves thus eaten turn brown, die, and fall to the ground, the tree being frequently defoliated, except for the effort it usually makes to put out a new growth. The characteristic features of the larva are its swollen anterior seg- 5 ments and its olive-colored slimy covering, which last is probably a pro- tection furnished by nature against the attacks of parasitic insects. It is very sluggish in movement, but has an enormous appetite. Its growth is rapid, full size being attained within considerably less than a month, usually about twenty-five days, the time varying a little with the nature of the weather. It does not alter much in appearance during growth, and ultimately reaches a length of nearly half an inch. It sheds its skin four times during its larval life, and usually eats its cast skin for its first meal after each moult. When full grown it moults a fifth time, but on this occasion leaves its cast skin as a slender line of slime attached to the leaf. The dark olive-green slimy appearance which has hitherto characterized the larva is lost with this last moult (see fig. 3, a, which shows last moulted skin), and in its stead it appears as a light orange-yellow worm, perfectly clean and dry, with the head light col- ored and only the minute circular eye-spots black (fig. 3,0). A green- ish area shows along the posterior two-thirds of the body, which is merely the remains of the last meal appearing through the transparent skin. The larva does not feed after this moult, but crawls down the plant to the ground, which it burrows into actively, dis- appearing beneath the surface in a very short time. It penetrates to a depth of from halt an inch to two or three inches, usually the = lesser distance, and at the extremity of the fic. 4.—Prar situa: a, cocoon: b, burrow presses the soil away from itself so Ccomtracted larva; ¢, pupa—all ; enlarged (original). as to form a little cell or chamber, the sides of which it moistens with saliva. The drying and hardening of the walls of the chamber form a sort of cocoon of firm texture and more or less impervious to water (see fig. 4, a). During the heated season of July and August the transformation from the larval to the pupal stage and from the latter to the adult insect is quite rapid, the pupal stage being assumed in from six to eight days, and the adult flies transforming and digging out through the soil some twelve or fifteen days after the larva entered it. It seems from the studies by Peck, and in part confirmed by my own observations, that all of the larvee of the spring brood do not transform at once, but some few of them remain unchanged as contracted dormant larve over winter to transform the next spring. It is true also of the second broods of larvze that some of them come out the same season, while others remain over winter and do not pupate until shortly before the appearance of the adults in April and May. The holding over to the next year of certain larve of each brood is doubtless a provision of nature to prevent the extermination of the species by any untoward acci- dent, such as the absence of food, unfavorable climatic conditions, or 6 abundance of natural enemies which might prove disastrous to the spe- eles should all appear at once. In the latitude of Washington, D. C., the first brood of larve practi- cally all disappear from the trees by the end of June, and the first flies of the second brood begin to appear about June 20 and are out in ereatest number about the first of July. It is the progeny of this second brood of flies that is particularly disastrous to the trees, although the spring brood of larve is often sufficiently abundant to do very serious injury. NATURAL ENEMIES. The slimy repellent covering of the larva does not altogether prevent its being preyed upon by parasitic insects, and in Europe some half dozen parasites have been reared from it. In this country Peck men- tions a minute parasitic fly, determined by Westwood as a species of Eneyrtus, which stings the egg of the slug-fly through the upper epi- dermis of the leaf, placing in each egg of its host a single one of its own—much more minute. The little parasitic maggot when it hatches finds food enough within the egg of the slug-fly for the needs of its full development, changes to the chrysalis therein, and ultimately emerges a perfect fly like its parent. So abundant is this parasite at times, as reported by Peck, that the second litter of eggs is sometimes nearly all destroyed. I have found evidence of the occurrence at Washington, D. C., of this or some related parasite, but failed to secure the adult insect. REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES. In the effort to exterminate this insect the slimy covering exuded by | the larvee in such copiousness was formerly taken advantage of and applications of various powders and dusts were made to them, such as ashes, lime, or road dust, with the object of having it adhere to their viscid surface and kill them. Under this treatment, however, the larva usually merely sheds the incumbered skin and starts in life afresh with | a new coat. The best means of destroying the slug-worm is to spray the plants with an arsenical wash or with a simple soap solution. The larve are delicate and easily killed, and as they eat almost exclusively on the upper surface of the leaf where the poison can be most easily placed, they get the greatest amount of it and are the easiest of all larve to be thus exterminated. The plants may be sprayed with Paris green or other arsenical wash at the rate of 1 pound of the poison, mixed with an equal amount of lime, to 250 gallons of water. The soap wash to be effective must be applied at a strength of one- half pound of soap to a gallon of water, first dissolving the soap, prefer- ably whale oil, by boiling in a small quantity of water. i Where one has but few plants to spray and does not care to employ an arsenical or the soap wash, hellebore may be used either as a dry powder or as a wet spray. The powder may be applied with a bellows or dusted lightly over the plants from a cloth bag, making the applica- tion preferably when the plants are wet with dew. So sensitive is the slug-worm that very heavy rains will often destroy it, and it is much less apt to be injurious in wet seasons. For this reason it may often be possible to rid plants of it by subjecting them to a forcible water spray. C. lL. Mariarr First Assistant Entomologist. Approved: » James WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture. WASHINGTON, D. C., August 28, 1897. O ath We re iy 4 I} iL? nYe cele ae eee Shc An ee) ay a ie rae oe Ake a mt i a hae) oe i he et oe ere : os : Ae a vi ere. a on : ey 4 a J 7 tec ys Paty iad mee Si F sare oy : > - ee Toe ‘ ( 7 Be a Nee 2 Seo ao er : so 7uat a : VE as . ." 4° EF $. as ae = \ ~~ a = 7 =e = ire - a = ra = 4 ' os ! 4 / = ; : 3 4 : ! Ly aPhe The iy ae eg WINN a en : (eats ee is Pe Be Re heN eC ey 7 jue fey Pau 7 ae ae —_ a ES a ; #,. ace 5 “as * Z 6 ae 7 ve. Pep. - > ‘i aA O31 U1 Oe SU i oh Ae im : Nat iF 2/0) Te ih y i - ; a ae ee a Pee et jaye ith cae ei, Be re | ei skys o ‘papel aahiens ae eee lie | pe: aulieenee Alene ina Werte, ite tel iss yz ht a ; a. A “a ae PPR ON bitch ans is be edt shaet on F ey ,, . ae 7 nae Be. im ost = yin pete Sxl. oui, LA tel ele ie cai ee i rhe a War iret a pee siidaiiogtll ek > ey = eS } +e . ‘ i a y Lie : waite i Bate Aaya = 6 if athe iA a i . " ri >A ya a by ipa ER ia! ire Sot yeti a a ee 4 0d ag se a cignt | eRe i. y a) So oe | bb aie Vette ih te Pe ay Ai - ie ey a, ah ke oy aly “il yn hae ‘A, ay os 7 a rl, r gy CAR, Ae) i nen PL Jaan h ted sa a a Lical shone hie Pa he) é e py er lonop ds hl rery tdi ge eae a ieee “1 ve i Mies Ay Aes eh om oe ae eet a +, Pa i a 4 ty, © mane WY oe eproets, 5 aa a) Sie ok Pi ST eee ome & ee ee ee ee el ithe ie - ‘* ae 7 ° g* o*) ek ore & pe eee ut « és s Ah} ¢- ee ee Oe 98S NEUE -oemnrr 4 wt tw eres ee © _, o ‘ + 40grd-b Gr 6+ @ ret 4-8 t+ Ow Oe tee eet oor . +a -t'0 4 @ 62 -@-0-A BION ae re KON te oe Odo 8 OY i> +* ed - ** é@-ret saan ees en ee o-ene 6 0 ee ee es & ree Pb ee se ee eee - . pent os ee’ " “soo ” a ? *~ ~ ~~ > ae oe a) - . eee see’ o oe eo ee © ‘+ « . ~e £44 oer e* ee eds Fob e864 Ow ee Hers Or > “eo * poe oe Oe oe be -omye @ a ee Cw ees wees es 7 e+ 4s - “~* - . “ot bee wre eee . io “- eee wre © Oe sé oare es “ . en a ihe +e 4 ene & sone - « 8 o< mt vers + ied ae were eee Ow “+ « 1eeur< . ~ avneaeenw owt e@ . - « . ee + 6 ee Or re FB me 5 «4 ‘ “* — - ns - ~ ‘ “~~ “uw o . reer 2 Oe ee Oe rere - ? ie “on ~'é + * e% ” “ os or eeu s @ - “ ~- - - ‘~~ . " MOO te Oe - ~* -*-* iw + oes “ ae , . “o-oo ute eee eee . “steve” ie 7 ° “#< “"* - . ‘ ve —_ ~ 7 . > _ < - “wr “wae . , + * . “ = . + ~ > + -* cy woe “+ "y * s+ ~ o6¢ o * ~ ~s “7 _ r . = vows oe oO oe em a over . ae re . ~~ ‘+ * ¥ ‘ . ~~ os r “7? ae . ry Cweerveyeae ~ ~ - ioe eobivreree owe » . ‘ ‘ ' . s - ~~ + s-e - +* ~sew . mw . * . ‘ oa wore eet ee +: ote eed ow ‘ « aeoens 6 bias ¢ e ant a rp ~ - ee o wane * ’ owe a wun wee ~~) w-4 & : oT seers - seve ee a “ . & - 4 bee -e 4 © . < = @ ba . “4 ‘o* ¥ ’ oo * vies + om Oe? o« + “ . “ al ” oe Ld + ~aee el oe ww et anes a “*«e™t eo a a4 *. , - +e-r' oe o~< — ~ o re eee we. ee ad — ~~ & _ + oat ot ee POS Ee bh eee “~*? im~mereae ~ > ~~ * = . ~a~ § *etacotwrw » “i *44 a « ~ow § eed ee Ort s 4"e@ : ee . Oe ae, ee id “He wgaone - “ o : <4 +t ooo? ~ dnd al — + et pes eer wrne + Oe owe . + oy Sa ** ae + ws Se ee | 2 > + a4 ets . “eer > eter * 7 Oe . _ v ~~ +e -w* =~ ose oe oe + awe © ” ne ee ee ion + + Ooo © & ' “~~ - ~ Pere Ts Pre “7 eer er PR pe se ee OP nee eee eet + wee @ ob om ee ———*- + t Me nf. 6< e< 3% * + i+ « scone 1 ~ «oe « seu «~.4 - > . ba — @ “we we oo * ed ower ow lll ¥ -— + +4 ® Oe meng ew Vt wre 8 ew ~~ @4* atu ° “_- wen . ~ : 08 OPO ere ew 6) a ee Er Ore EON ~ ¢ ow ene * ee 47444 pw 1 ot tse «6 ‘ ete 4 ~ e oss a~4 sme , Patel - ’ a tata Lee ~ wht OOO 6 he ed be Ot a ‘-t*4 oe 4 TOE pe . ~~ - ~~ 4 o- =~» - 7“ ee a by Sat capt hag . —_— 2604 Fe Ok 8 OD OrG 44-7 OOS or yao are - + ‘orn eee ow A Ot OS + O-b wRt 4 EO OE OOO “we oon «eee ~ .* + 4~ . ms Rae ni > ren ca ee NT aad ae s-4-o-0-9-e" a2 bie as ded ‘ ae ee’ Cee Oe OH 4 On8-8 4 reese eu t 4 7e* Oe + 4% - _ . ‘ a ™ = Sh iees > ee Pad! Patient vd ’ - or eer wee et aa Ot ents a - “~~ ~~wewst ae “ ¢* Sb RE 1 Ek COW 1 h-B Os 48S. TOORAK S 4 8 eo : ew A ~ e--* ' + a ~~ we .- heer Ge ONE Ee a Font » ee weer er eneed 86rd 9 WE ee re -ere . < rt ke amt ate Were ot 2 & © So eee neuer ~ ‘tows ou ee * . - 2 be ~~ . ores 4 oo ~t ~ ec A ally Maa Pt leh tdon Ao ae Ok Ghd aN eePend o SrNENTY <8 ee Vw woe SES oe ‘ OCS FeO Oe pe OBE at b-0rk I Oe eb t+ O08 HA OOO eb eh OOO 8 O~8- Ob OE 6-8 1 Oe err tt Oe ee oY Greed thee hotesogeeiapy ¢ gee gnaw" Ee anne Den EE SSE Gt eee” aa ov J on 7? n+ awd a-ere 6 ert ow oe ee OO re Ae’ fe rr? ewe > iaee eee -*4 «t~eneo s 4 6 ooo 4h Oo a ose ¢ ¥ . —— — ee. pr ereereen ee © © ere & 7 eer~e > =~ —+ io pre-e @ aw ba sal wa ee ee ee e ews wh end @ ieee wen ¢ be Ue ees — ‘swe e * «* > > oper Oe of ee ee * “~« ++ ates ara“ et” a -o- 0-7 6-0 8 NE 6 SE OS we Oe ee we mene a a C6 OAbe 6-6 GL dg + 4-4 * Gee 4 oe et 4 EW Oot 6-4 Oreo + Ae awe we ee wes . 17 ~ «e tT oae-e dn age A os vee pe betslind . - ot 2 4 etree + we bende +> yteveue -~pewv ese ots C405 84 ~~ SD bearer noe + 0 _— bees Che re 4 +e remy ne 6 wee ere ee ee ee ee Be Hts etre bea ee wees 2 st 4 Gay-t 4 ewe so « a ~ ae ~ eraeers Go yeh 2°) Wek 6 YS OE PS Ow's eaten. as ie al ~~ eewe & ee CCDC FNS G8 CORES F888 SOUS SO jee ee ewe as + oe 4 1 vere” ert os < ne ee ee oe a eh el ee a ee ed ee ent We ee & vive ot eS ee SA eee 0 et F008 tf eer etka ent) en ae eo ~~ eo 6 eee eee ooh ete se swe oe~s mmeny bond nee OW de Pree Sw? ae eh ae ne Oe ee ewe 8 O46 Chere 6 8 ee 6-8 4d at SOK Oo OH eT DO oot Set Ct SHO O90 U8 £8 + HO ES ee — eo 4 Or ee PO oe + 9 tw ee ee be ne va © Geum 6 ere- ere Ee a ek wee are eer a bre eho & US ¢ evan 60% * aor be b os wee 4 6-4-8 & 604-4 Fp ees” o> Hee ori roeceweewt Oe ow mt - - i O28 dink ee 60-0 eho 6-8-8 lee dN Eee SEE ee LO Sens Oa Oe EE 8 6 8 6 8 Eee ed eS eS Shee 46-6 bee 6 ood od eer re Seva pork Pes Tank ee Ore e ae ape So SO AEN Oe Pe emnow wd Sota eo 4 Sr re OS GtEFE etir Ors Yrere-e erTe* t-s-1-t- 4 ee renee es bon Gar lv - re 0-8 yw One Et ree we ee 4-5-2 ase) Lee 4d ores ef wg eater =o « oes) an . “~ 4 os «~~ a EE 494 OEP EWE OEE 6 OY eee Odd es OO Pe 6-4 OE ee . « Sed Lk #0 Od SOR Od CHOU OTe He Ot O15 OS boo OF BO Hu FY 44 eners Oe oe" = @ O-—) Ore PAPE PAPEETE PUENTE TTS sete derwre 5 a ebse-a ei et & rrret ey eae wee rise 3 ~ hol 7+. wee 4 wrt erg ine ere ow You views veto ave cow 0e-* oe O-t > ¢e* ot+e8* e444 vee * 8 . ow - t+ eeo “ eke ane eeey bt # Owe Pe ed ~~ © 8 Oe perenne 6 Or" Tew ee rere We! oS 4-) O Rb tr G8 mm ates 8 ree 4 Oo ae 6 bees 6-4-o bd TG 6 ON 8 Oo ee rt 24 eee ORR TOO Oe + 408 * BO ee 8 eee = eee ere s-4 " TE a see ee were ' bere w ~ ee ee ee ee we & a“ ue \ e-bart ew +04 Ye ha we ee ee ee peek ee be ee 6 Fed Pee TF OY 4d-o-we wR teri ew ete sees ® SS “4 e es +4 “~~ , anew t—ee Gene eee ve ODS PO a¢@-w vr b-ee ares ON 4 t- ee 2 PO Or reer ess . wee" oe 1 Ow ee Pato oF nto wht af apie netinl OM nt a dP ea tana NL vee eho ee ates 0S e4 6 Ome re 4 Oot Ore ed pte esta 6 OH 8 6 Sere er tmemtriney Sel PSR * deal ow rk Oe Re OS ee he eae rE eer ee oe ee oe ee 6 én ou oe + 0 OOF 0-2 e 4a o8 38S Ped ew ere 0S 85 ** ook -b Oe Oe Eres tere yer headin ah. sake, te Daath Pe il Pe ee ee hee eli One. ee i FOOSE EE OH + Pere’ tree Set ed Hee OE ee a ee ee ee ee ee ee hk ie Oe —- se egret oe rt eee ren Sey eer er 2 ers word yore -+-e $a Se ad vit een OTE COeind AWN OO 4 Aprerpane © 0 DROS te Oe eae i Ot ae ered ~~ tdi nll A ee a eh ee 0-4 2 Oe 4 Ue se “~- “eee oo wow ‘* i ale o* ee, “~ é Padre taeda die sod omnes SOURS See Ve 8 EO ee ew rt E& £-4 td - Oe CO fC EOE DOR 6 Oe 8 Ore reso 7-4 wren 1-erOre © o- ee ee ee ee ’ ek OR FP IO Oe OS ree err’ +) Stree w ut aoe Sen ane OS Oo Oe (Unb -erek-b FW 8 8b 8 6:60 Re Ott 8-6 DO EN AS OO ‘ we Poentnw © ay ball, gS festa BNE egy en o-Ps eh Gm 4 Seton SS oe GN OREO UO Oe tr goed a eS heuer’ soe i+) + Oot k yne-o ot eee ot ed We eter ee oe eS oe 6 ee ees Bex Oe ee ene ee ae te adh oi meen ome ets ead deat dOnt Hoy U8 WE =v” 4 h-tet- ope ee Gr enene ee FE OEE REEFS OEE GE Oe nen ne A Ne Oe Ee Sel ene a a eee eo te 6 Ob OEE OO we EWR et Ee © 64 +e ree Cp ent At Ce eee ee meee ay Wma fy od snenteny Ww G0 ee Se 0h 5-88 a-er EO ee Rete ea 6 eee) @ He OHA bere Owe ee Se 6 Het 4 ewe ad hae ee ewe Oe 8 ee So ee gate tee b TE OD 6 &-O-0 tr ONO -OOe Aas OS AE 096-06 Geek 6 ne ee RE ee ne reece on share a i serait Rk ad tar mae etal tin ditt Petree ee ne WERE 8-8 -erenbrte & PPh ete Pn OI ne eA Te Vay, ete AA alta mea el asta iao™ nv A ee abr e rh Rew etree 6 ere ewe om eb OO NS NE CHS ECSU OT TESS SO geet 2” 1h ene en* St OIE GH Poe’ Se ae we” ee tee eet hb tet Oe tO ah eee ts Pe ee Rew et be 8 ee oe ote et ae? tow ee! ees +e ee £6 2e* ~* ote? oak 2 OS Pr eee beter Oe -" reer ter +~one He Adhd. th i Petipa, Pedal Atn trl teil T Paste) Che eC See need A ena tee PROS eek Sime Ok 14-9 0-9 YY Sete nO A Ot PR ee Gr OO ON 4 TORO TE a eM POR EOE re EO ee oh eg eee t-6 a> 8 oP e" ARO es OIE Ok a eo By Re hog se ete er new oe awe PR ee OE en ey A Or ORL EEE re’ SUE et ant ow CD OD & wr ern eee Oo 8 OO OT ES 8 es ee ee 4 ewe 8 es te Oe et aoe ong 0 i: UNO O-0 ow Pe UAE te: ~ iadina S08 BO i -d FES OO OU we OR OE PEEP OE LF ENA FER HOES CSS ere OE Ot PEO SS-e tt # S46 a Oh CS 4 SOOO EEE POTS owe eee ee eee he - oe ere ort eee Sot pad r4 —— + estat ici A ORE Co dagen GOW O88 Cee Wi WO 2 Oe tee rhe 8 8 “er & CR CLE OED woe Or we gigret 6-4 be om ie ae oo eo We een es rd be o-* ee ow 86S OOS O41 Owe wT owes ed > be Gree bys oe A RRR aL me rte LAO Up eT eam See EE | en ataene g h arnee Tet keto done > DACRE Oe tt es ee Ore 8 ON eg hare y- Bern ty ete a Oe tty et i OOF, eS rb y rt Oo RN Eh ee ee ee se i-ve+4- 248 Oe ew Oh te Fo Te ane bt ee SITY PUES HARD 1 COOL OS ne ae et 2 ee wer itt eer? eae syne eon ee ee atic rene att fed eae a ore Oe NON HN tmp te Geta: Ee ir 6 rents 5 x Si een ep 00 9 <9 See ee HE 8a ~ te A eee est erent wen ae aU in cr her st eigen ts nl ie OW re HW Ae SS PO EEE EPPS “ae bb teed owere-as eres * ~ , of ‘ ‘ ORE EE OR NE Otte PREY FP SO ee oe Coat oat An ater pre Ahlen my ohere ye 0 Ne OG eo OSHA YEE ab be a ee Fee en oer : - : 7 Oe Ah Ee Pee hE OO AED Wee CLOSE Oe OEE SPOTS ST ODEO EE Jam ree ee a eel ure ete Drednaentt tactile) RE Et EO Hor OF)" RAPES eA . falta nara a aararinan ASLAN ede Fol ice ene vee wees ree. : ATA GT ET AE : arene ee pew ta oo Seem ee ee Ra a Ee ee CE PTR ERD BE LEH OPE EY Chk a tag ent : CRA Rg ANT RAK Kea as ane nearer: a ae ae a eee in a Lad ee OTOL SOE LAL OE TE COLOR LAY CLL ELE OLY LY OT OEE HAASE, PPPOE ON CEES EOE Fe eater tered Sab hemes SCOT GLO TLE LES LOS NO OO eee het | OS a EE ea per oar ADR Na A Net ene o sees renee ee ee eee ea ee an eM whey f OE OCH RS VST CEE Ste es et | etry eee. i OS 8e SHS : POPE OE TC WETS, Oe nee aad re ad ae eee eee SST cae rewereenet ; . ee eae eae oe wmearet Ps ae OO SOT POPES Y CH OSH ERD COE Ph Rann NO I me tl * oe ere eee Coo. ; Weiner AS ; a ane Oe ee te Oe Ce EON “2 -0-y-t sen 4