Title: The Pennsylvania farm journal, v. 2

Place of Publication: Lancaster, Pa.

Copyright Date: 1852

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg086.2

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L\N(\\STER, PA, APRTL, l^.)!.

^O. 1.

Til K FA R.M .10 1 R .\ AL.

s. <. II \i i>i:m \\.

A. M. ^I'.Wi.LI.!:.

Ki'Itot;^.

I'rott'ct i;>ii to Slucn ni;ai[iv( I)(»i:^<«.,

The l<)li(>\vin<^ extract IV <m ;i letter r^ <"i\' 1 1 v m
from an intellijx^nt fiirmer of Fayette county, forci-
bly ad'lresses itself to every friend of the Sheej>
prowint:; interest in Pennsylyfinia. ^^ e sliouhl liko
to see the SUf:^;;i'-ri.^n> of our >• rrospondrtit carrl.,!
nut, belieyinj' that a !,i\v i:i\iii- dw-is w.^nLi !,.> ln-ji-
ly acceptable, to th.»>t' p-rti^n- .»f tlw Stat.. ;it l.a<
ii'iapted to Sheep raising. v\- i' niivk. i Iv tln' w ri
tor, there is poor eneoura;;enifnt U) entorprisin.r up n
t'> pay larf;e prices for fine i^h(»ep, iin.l r;iii iIm r;^k <»f
liaviiii:: them destroyed i y I.uii2:ry eurs. We h;iye
I't-entlie friend of th.' <!■.-. ;.i..I ^ii-u!.! r,:j«-..t anv b-
j:i>latlve Ji'liMi, tint w i:'ni In aiiv \v;r.- drfraud him
ofhisri^hls; Lui a S!i,m p-klllin/ .an- 1;^. ii,» rhiim

-*■

ujMjn oiir '^\iiij.a;l

1 1

mt'iit sliuul 1 1 .' . xt. a>!. (I (.. tl

. \i TV ]i. 1-^1 tile ei!i-( Ml ra _:;r-

1,1-..

: I I a ' 1 '

» • t u 1 1 1 1 1 ' ^ (>\ ( i 1 r
t' I t li'" raiMiii: I

^tate, >vhere the :-( il A . ,
'^hoep. If fostere.i a- :

^vill become one of our most importaht interests. —
't has })een demonstrated })eyond a (h)ubt that larn-e
portions of Western Pt^nnsylvania, possess all tlie
T'^Huisites for Rue.-o^^fnl Sheep husbandry. Wo trust,
therefore, tiuit ili.i<. uho are rea'h" hpI WilliiH" to
invest their capita! in thi- direction, wiii be afforded
f'uch protection a;;aiii;it do^n, as will effectually prc-
5*<'rve their flocks from destruction.

»^ ith one of the best counties in the State fur
growing wool, we have, I think, but two large tlocks
'" our county, Judge Kwing's and Asbury Struble's.
^ur farmers have be( II .hiv.n fr. m th, w], ..j, |,uj,j.
ness by the repeated severe losses tiiey have sustain-
^d from d«»gs. i^T iiy of our farmers rear none,
'^ii^ny others a Butficient number only for domestic
^»^e. Messrs. Ewing and Struble have both suffered
severely by .logs ; the latter estimates that his los3,
VOL n — A

at a li'W cah ulati'U. lia< rw't b"rri ie>s than twelve
hiiiidri d ili'll.ir^;. ('an there not hr- sonio im h.|.> dcvis-
e<l I" rel the Stat'- < ■!' --■ > LTi-at a riui--aneo ; a-* they art'
alni..>t, if ni't eiitin Iv, a useless uiiimal. It U ijeu-
erally the case that the poorer the man, the :::';r;i
dogs lie tliinks it Tuw-ssary to keep to n-uard him and
hi> prnjHTty. Aim. -t <\.i\ n^u^r^' la.milv I-^ i^nfithMl
f" a t'nl! pai-k i m kai!'- -tai-\ < •! rr-at nf'-. f'-r.'-'d in self-
preservation t" i:-' V up a^ -■ jm.-iIi i n:. \\ mid not
our State considerably increase her revenn. , and
confer a j^reat benefit on our citizen", bf>th the Nho.p

jrnw-r ani ihr i r man. 1 v k ^vmi: a h- avy tax on

(i"gs. A keaeliL to tk-' {'.lor [li lie <li>j'oscs of his
<iogs), because he (- ukl make two hnndrei] pound.-i
of pork ft r lii-^ f-unilv, willi tk- ('.,,,1 it tak' ^ to fo.al
his dogs ; ayi'l t^' tk- \\-i| ^ri-.^wor Ims-ihv,. it .^;iv(>s
him k is Ik .rk^. h ! - a p .« r -t imnlii^ to in\ .-^t money
in file- kn.'k. aii.i ewes at from f.v,. t- ti\f hunilr(al
["■r la :i(l. with tk'-. iiam-'- that the irnTra--' will not
• onal tie- jo.ss by *1'*'j:<. ('an }ou not, thraii^h your
Journak eall th'> at*' iiti' n .'i'tlu^ farnvrs t"thisHub-
i'^et. that thrre mty !•■ a %ij"r'ai^ aiel nnit''tl effort
for thi ir e\pul-i"n. A- tk" pra^'tieal. sci. nt ifit' and
pr"L'f'V'i\ .• Ira I. r in "nrStafo am.Mix farmej-s, can
you H' t 'k'\ i.-o S"m'- pkm w ki^di will lei^islatj^ ,,|y pj.,j_
tect this great interest. It shoukl b. ^ Stat'\ not a
county regulation. A tax say o:' ■^* ',,"<> \sk' a a nniii
keep** but one (lofr; l^fj.OO f :,r tk.' -» ' 'ai i, A .. W'Miid
l-nti J- t'> tk'' tr';i.-n'v a\ itk \\\r- iir''-<rit inimk- r "Ido"^
a large am.amt. A man wlio^- d^^j^ wa-^^ "f use to
him. rr nl'l pay tk'-» '■ '!-l!ar--. if k" w .a-^ of n,, u-^e, he
sh' ukl tkank tlo' S'ate for < aii^iti;: k.im t ' di-fMMise
with an »xi.< ri-.i \ f :u)d useless animal.

KxrrniMFVTM F ■. i; vi 'flf Tniv'T^if V MfToronto,
has ^'rant'^'i laie!-^ t" tk'' I'k'aid ..f A L:ri( iiltnr", of
I pp'T ( 'anala. f. ;■ an li \}'' rinnntal I'arm. Thus it
is N^'' air >urpi-'-i 'i Ml , Mr iii'l-k riijc.

To I ARMFRS. — To double the < r^ j^ < li m.^t farm-*,
about all that is necessary is f«)r < or a-ri I't-ri-t- to
sell off one-half their land, and ^-^ M) he proceeds kor
manure lor the other. The larger u lurin, the Ic- i
man grows to the acre.

OMi/Sii''

'if »~1

COMMUNICATIONS

Apr

IL.

V <fc .^nraipw^'w iwi

(!Iommnnifation0.

Translated for Farm Journal.
Agricultural Chemistry, No. h.
As regards spocial inunurlng, a chief object is to
supply the toil with one or more ingredients, of wliich
it lias been ascertained to be wholly or in part defi-
cient. In this connection it is proper to call atten-
tion primarily to a great and very prevalent abuse,
which is a source of very serious loss to most f;u in <rs.
When a field begins to Ijc unproductive, very fe^^
think of doing anything else than to supply it nr^aiii
Avith a full dressing of barnyard iMnmn-. li n v.r
occurs to them to iii'iuiro whether tlic ditiiiu^-lMd i'.r-
tility may not result from causes v.hich r:n\ I- v-
moved at little cost by the supply of some ] arn- ,,l;ir
ingredients which the soil needs. Yet wh' n ^ i;- h i-
the case, the application of mineral manure is tlown-
ri"-bt extravagance and waste, because we thus sup-
ply probably only one or at most but a few -f the
deficient ingredients which could be furnished more
cheaply by some other substance. A few cxamjdes
will servo to elucidate this. WIkui a black crumljling
soil contains no silicic acid, or its humus has become
carbonized, or sour, we may indeed supply the need-
ed silicic acid by a dressing of barnyard manure, since
it is contained in the straw which is used for litter.
A portion of the carboni/.cd humus, also, will be de-
composed alike by the ammonia developed, and the
more rapid decomposition of the manure which en-
sues from the stirring and loosening of the soil. —
But the remaining ingredients of the manure serve
^0 other present purpose but to increase unnecessa-
rily the quantity of similar substances already con-
tained in the soil. It were much better and cheaper
to dress such land witli silicious earth, fine quartz
sand, or luurl, uv imslackod lime, in "t
similar application iii;iy 1- \.\\\do oriijiii.
It often b.appens \\,:\\ a .soil v\c\\ in liianus, has be-
come exhausted ol' the incombn>ublc elements re-
quired by plants; and it is customary to dress such
land with barnyard manure, though a supply of li-
quid manure would be much more serviceable, as it
holds in solutiim a large amount of fixed salts. If
sulphuric acid have occasionally been mixed with the
liquid manure, it will prove all the more efficient,
because its ammonia has thereby been neutralized,
and it is no longer in a caustic state. Again, if we
have land which is deficient in humus, but which,
judging from its composition — being clayey — may
bo presumed to contain a store of incombustible ele-
ments, the usual practice is to dress it with barnyard
manure, though it would conduce much more to ren-
der it speedily productive, if it were dressed with
muck or swamp mud and liquid manure, or lime. —
When soil otherwise good is unproductive from want
of calcareous earth, we dress with fresh slaked lime,
or with marl, and soon realize better results than

would follow from a dressing of manure alum-. \
light and sandy soil may be rendered v( ry produ.^-
tive by a dressing of clay, the constituent eleiacnt? -f
wliicli are in part rendered soluble and serve aa mi-
ll imeiit for the crop. If a soil be defittient in ph,»s-
phoric acid, as is the case when the grain producod
is small, ill-formed, and imperfectly filled, a dressin;:
of blue or potter's clay, in combination with mu'k
or swamp mud, or of bonedust mixed with dilute sul-
phuric acid, will not fail 1" ja-oduce excellent result,-.
I i' the soil be sou!\ ;i tiri<>iii;_r of fresh slaked lime, of
marl, <".' ol'a-li''-. \vill Im- nni -li in.ii"'' >ri\iceable than
t!n' aj')'Iie;j;i(in n|' liiirnyai''! inamire.

In tlic la'^t pla^-'", W" lia\(' to consider that mode

til inai
tiiai (••
vate.
idea tl

1

Tilic

to pi-itduce in perfec-

li V, c desire tu tuki-

ti-1 vegetables, in accordance with llic

ire ahvav> able {'> ab-'H'b from the at-

iiian'j; w'lirli i ^ i[r- : j-iici

r'ain

IMantv

at til' ■^

LTupS whi.

mosphere, in Huincient quantity, the gaseous olom''Qts
to be derived therolV.au, lia\.' ] -i n subdivided intw
three classes, according to the ( aniMjsitioii of tlioir
ashes — n ane ly, aikah/i' ['lain-, m tiie ashes of which
potash predominates; calcareous ])lants, the ashes i>f
which contain principally lime, and silicious plaiu.v
the ashes of which are composed chiefly of silica —
As the alkaline plants reciuire large supplies of put-
ash, they thrive best in soils containing most elav. a^
also in land freshly manured. On the other haud.
calcareous plants re([uire lime, whilst fur silici"U>
plants, sand or quartz earth is indispensable. l)u;.
in addition to these m^n-edients, the soil must con-
tain also a due proportion of the other alimentary
substances heretofore enumerated. Thus a iilair.
will not thrive though it find in the soil an abuni-
ance of the particular ingredient required by ili^
class to which it belongs, if the other ingredients l-'
r eases, a 1 nut jirr>fnt al>«', an 1 (he character -if the soil be n^t
niannrc — I propirhais — as \\\\k\\ it i-> too compact, too wet, orttN)
drv. It is til' 1- r.iN' la !•>' c-ii-im-i to ^aythateach
plant \\\\\-\ WnA in tho soil an anipl-' supply of the
peculiar ingredients or elein' n:- ii juii-.d by its cla?^.
whether thev be naturally contained in it «ir h^^^
been introduced in the course of tillage. It is ^^'
doubtedly safest, however, to as*;ume in general, tirM.
that a soil must contain in due proportion and quan-
tity) all the substances required for the growth uf cul-
tivated plants; and, seeuiidly, that it is well, ntv r
theless, to introduce in increased quantity the parti
cular substances which the plants we design to cu.
tivate are known to require ; unless we are as!?uriM
that they already exist in the soil in a<lequate q»^|»'
tity. Tliese propositions harmonize perfectly v^^-
the current practice. Thus it is customary io culu-
vate crops which require certain substances for thO"
thrifty growth and full development, in soils which
we have ascertained contain an abundance of tho5>|^
substances. And if a plant do not thrive in a p^^
ticular soil, we usually manure the land and enJca-

COMMr\|r'\T[n\S.

r]

vur thus to supply the deficient element orsubstance. j piiosphoric acid. Judging from these ingredients,
Occasionally also we meet with a soil in which, : the potato should be cultivated in soils containiie'- a
though it lias been well manured, the cropcu'tivated . large amount of matter suited for the ])r.Hluction uf
fails to thrive. The cause of this is to be found chiefly carbon, and but little of such as is fitted for the ])r(>.
in the fact that the soil is deficient in certain sub- duction of nitrogen. Tt should, therefore, n.»t be
.stances which the manure used was not calculated to grown on land recentlv dressed with fresh barnvard
siq.ply in adequate (juantity. j manure, and least of all in such as has just l>een ma-

If the principles here indicated be applied with "'ired with horsedung. It succeeds best after clover,
judgment and care, larger crops may be produced, . ^^ '^"^xl ashes may also be employed with good results
at much less cost, than can be eftected by the use of ^vhere we Iiave reason to euspec^ that the potash of
barnyard manure alone, if we are but careful to ob- ^♦^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^" great part consumed by the prcced-
fi.'rve, in the first place, wii.aii»r the soil has not, on \ '"ff crops. As tlie potato requires much potasli an<I
the wh(de, been alr.a<]v .xhau n 1 a.n.ij-. i,,h i, 1 in- ' earbon.it i^ iiMt a -uitablo precurser uf wither grain,
(a|>al)le of bupp<»rting vegetation: and, secondly, , '^"'^ wiierc cinunistances najuire that fresh barnyard
whether it is likely that it contains the particular ' '"'^"^''^' -^'^^'"^'^ ''•' "•'^^'^I ^'"»^ ^^'i"* ^'r«>p, it should beplow-
substances of which the crop designed to be cultiva- ^''I >" >" t^>** preceding autumn,
ted rciiuires larger supplies. This can be a.scertaincd ' •''• 15^'^:Ts. The j>redominant elements of beets are

accurattdy only by a chemical analysis of the soil:
though tliere are certain characteristics and indica-
tions enabling us to judgtj whether tlie soil contains

mainlv earbi»naceou», consistin<r of su<:ar, mucilao-e.
i*tc. The nitrogenous elements are greatly '^ubordi-
nato. Of the incombustible substances tlie more ini-

the roiiuired substances or not. AVitli due regard to i p*>rtant are potash, soda and lime; though pliospho-

thcbc indications and probabilities, we shall now pro
ceed to notice the principal crops cultivated, and the
' h meiits they contain and rec^uire.

1. ToB.vcco. lu this plant the combustible elements
d.videdly i»redominate. Besides carbon, hvdrojren,
and o.xygen, tobacco contains also a considerable (pian

rus, sulphuric acid, and muriate o^ soda or common
salt are also found in not inconsiderable quantitv. —
Such being the composition t»f the sugar beet, it is
accordingly to be cultivated in land containing much
old or well ripened humus and only a small propor-
tion of nitrogenous ingredients, (hi freslilv manured

tity of nitrogen, which is found in it in the form of 1 ^^^."'^ ^^^^ composition <.f the beets pro.lueed is very
aiiinionia. But among its coiiij)onents are al.so pot- ' '^'^^*^''^'"^' ^" ^"^'^ ^'^^ nitrogenous elements predo-
•.idi and lime, less phosphoric arid, and \' rv little of

the remaining iucombustil>le elements. Hence it

minate, and instead of saccharine mattor, saltpetre
and ammoniacal combinationsareproduce^l. \ow, as

Would seem to be most advantageous to cultivate io- i "'t^*''^"""""^ elements are more nutritious than such

bacco on land dressed witli fresh barnvard manure,
so that the ammonia may be absorbed as it is devel-
"p'd. But as nitrogen and potash are specially im-
portant constituents of i hi - |.i ii,t. i! rill I .■ pi-otiMldy
cultivated Nsitii-n! lani_\ari nianin-. it' t h.' -.-u he
not totally exhausted hut L-.aitam th- r-.jMiM:" <ub-
istauces fi)r the [nn iu« tiuu of earl.-.n : an^l ii:M a 1 of
duug, w.' may .ant.h.y nitrMir,.T,,,i,< vuh-ian- ■-. Micii as
horn hhuun-s. milt .vprouts, liair, tVe. U tobacco ab-
P«jrb too much ammonia, its perfect development will
b'- prevented, which i^ the case accordingly wiien
horse dung has been used, and the state of the weath-
er was favoral)le to the production of ammonia. As
tobacco requires an I absorbs but little phosphoric
^^•id, It may properly be followed in n)tation by a
tTop of winter grain.

-• Potatoes. Among the combustible elements
eont^iined in this vegetable, the carbonaceous matters
ptarch) predominates greatly over the nitrogonous
(gluten), though the latter are never wanting, if hy
tao use of 8tron;r nitrogenous man»ires, the nitrogen-
^•us matters become predominant, the tubers will con-
tain mucilage and gluten instead of starcli, and thus
become watery and unserviceable. Of the incombus-
fd>le elements, the potato contains potash, lime, sili-
cic acid and sulphur, with but a small quantity of

as are mainlv carbonaceous, it follows that beets in-
tended to be fi'd to cattle should be grow n on land
containing large quantities of nitrogenous substance.",
!«uch as are supplie<l by fresh barny.n ! iianure. —
Moreover, as beets recpiire much phosphoric a(i<l
and potash, they ar^ a \i :\ .msuitahh' < ;• p t > pre-
C(Mle a cereal grain.

•1. Ivai'p:. Oil Consists ni.alnly of carbon, h.dro^^n,
and oxygi^n, which .substances can readily be supplied
to the soil by manuring with the ordinary barnvard
manure.. But the seeds and husks or hulls <"ontain
many nitrogenous eh^nents, such as ph' sphoric acid,
>ulphur, t^c; whilst the ashes of tlie straw or haulm
C(Uisist chiefly of potash, some lime, soda, ami i>n\-
phuri(r acid, with a small proportion of plio.«<ph(»ric
acid. It is lience apparent tliat besides carbon and
nitrogen, Bapo n (piires many of the incombubliblc
elements, and that consequently this crop demands
liberal manuring and repeated plowing \o transfoini
the fixed elements which the soil contains into a suit-
able soluble htate. A«< llape tak«'s up but little phos-
phoric acid, it is a suitable crop t) precede winter
;rrain. And since it.s allies show that it reouires

much Hm*? and suljd.ur, and as it elaborates itsrctrfh-
g'-ntuis ('(mstituents out of nmmf>nui, it is adxisajl. to
give the land on which it is to b^* gntwf, a dress ng
of gypsum, if delicient in calcareous mi ter.

%

OOMMr^NICATTONS.

I A PR IT.

tltlr-.-V wWl^fjSW* '^

For the Farm Journal.
Mr. Cowcii's Address.

There arc few individuals in tliis country entitled
to more praise for the aid rendered the agricultural
community than my respected friend, James Gowen,
Esq., the venerable President of the ''Philadelphia Co.
Agricultural Society ;" and he is so well known as a
model farmer anl the rearer, at great expense, of
Bomc of the finest cattle in our country, that any at-
tempt at eulogy on the part of bo humble an indivi-
dual as myself would be a work (;f supererogation.—
His Address d. ]iv<-r<<l b.-foivthp '• Lancaster County
A"-ricultur;il Society,'' is a\v<>!k ol im in(''.nsi(loral)lo
merit, :i!i<l V in !iii]>Mrl imirli n-^rCnl infoniinticn to
the fannin- interest. I have rra-! it carcriilly and
with lively satisfaction.

farm) the grass of course has so much improved th*^
manur-' heap, that where I formerly hnd one load of
manure,! now have at least yowr. And this too fri»m
limestone soil. T admit tliat limp in general is moro
beneficial to othor soils than liiiiest(tne, ])e('auso na-
ture has supplied the latter with this ingredient to
some extent ; but to deny its wholesome infliion<v
u])on limostone soils altogether, is to deny tliat I t-an
see. Aw t'xeessive or injudicious use of llrno utxjn
any soil \m\\ K'' aUenil'"! wn I: iirurions eonsocjuenoofi.
A snperaknndant apiilica'ioti ol' stabh' manure will
also (i« i'f'at thf lpi}H'> (if tie' fiirnier. Liie!, in gono-
ral, like th(> human st»jmaeln is niort; hcahhrul with-
ont (ii'( I- f> ' (I' If/.

It may not b»^ ina}>|)ro|)ri;'.ie to ref.T {■■> tho advan-
tages of linn' to lands in Kn^lainl. I < xiruci fnun a

Imust Itppr-nriitted, howoYor,to di.sM'nl Ironi one or ^ -woj-]; |,v l'\'ssondcn. "On the Mondip laie]- in S>
two statements contained in the Ad(ir<-s. \vl)<'r<' \\r ,|,,,,..:,,t^ j^y t)),. ;i|,|,lic:\tioii (.f linu', tie' value of land
ppeakssolightly of theuseoi lime aie! ill coiiiiriMiKition ^^.^^ r-isrd IVoin lour shillings to thirty sliillin;Ts per
of the practice of plowing down green crops. ()n]i;i-v .n.,.,, . .j,,,i (lmlL^ ^^ ITkIi jirrvious to linen;^ ha-l n-j
20,]Mr.Gowensays: — "Inthegeneral l>i me is S(» wn-te- 1 p^vf^sihlo ctreet, o]MO.:itrd aftor it- ai-plieation as on
ful and ravenous a cook, that he sonu'times consumes ,,th('r Inel^. >T;nM'i'v|i..l,l JMrc-t in i '!n- lore, and vast
more than he furnishes to the laiuily ol' j>l;;iit> it i> tracts in tho northern and nen-e elevated parts of
intended he should provide for." ..." Ligiil sandy
micacious or isinglass, red shale and slaty soils, may
in general be benefitted ].»y dressings of lime ; but on
clayey limestone soil, I should deem its application
unnecessary, if not injurious."

I >.i-hv-hire. and adjacent di-tricts. have been ast<in-
ishinglv improved l-y the sane' j^ri'tcss. In mai'K:^
soils of a tolerable (piarny. ih • richest manure will
not enai le them to bring any crops, but those of oat*
or rye, to niaturitv : \vlere;i<. if thry receive a suffi-

I do not pretend to possess much inlwrnnition in cicnt (,inintity oirmie, crop- of peas, harhyer wheat
regard to agriculture, Imt the Utile 1 have obtain., d may Im' raised to adxanta-e. The benefit resulting'
is'^ather of a practical character. 1 take most of ii"^'^ t'"' '^^*^ '^^ ''""' ''=^^ ^^^'^'^ indisputably proved in

our agricultural periodicals, and read considerable

the same !'(.rm : I'nr f>,r rirJirr />arU that irerc kft un-

upon the subject ; but, after all, I find the farmer is ^'^^^^ "'^^'^ nmJornJ!/ n.h ,n.r in produce to th^mrrr
much of his time tvorhinfj in thr dark, and that, u ith- '^->f '"^'^ ^" ' " '""■''■ "'"' '":> " I"'^'"^ ^/ «^' ^''' ''^""
outpractical knowkdyr, he wii! not h > i>kcly n attain /''-"/.V-/o 'J"ir>, undw the ^amc course of manaf.-
tln^ object nf bis calling. IbiriTn'- niy trn (e* t\\ehc ^ //''"'•

years pnpi'age as ;i rarnn-v. I ha.Nc Mri\r.i {,. impro\r I The usual e\:stoni in this e-minnni^v to sonic^ox-
my soil by the use of such r.rtili.'ers. as would, in the i tent now, is to apply lime ne.stly a^ a t^-dresmn?.
end, produce the greatest r.-ult<. uith the h'a-^t out- | late in the f:ill on stubble after v^heat. at the rato o!^
lay of capital. One of the ehea]>est and best fertil- | from thirty to fifty bushels ]mt aere. atal to repeal
izers 1 base found is Liml. and I iuiNc u. e I it uith' th.> npp1i<'ation oiu-e in six orei-bt yar- ^nt in D'^
complete success upon limestone as well as other j ^a^e to apidy lime and stable luannre at thej^affi"

Boils. More than two hundred acres of my land are
limestone, and much of it " <'ku/ei/ Jimcsfone .90//."

Twelve years ago, a considerable proportion of this

soil had been so much nnluced bysuccessivecr< ppin;:-.

principally of rye, that it was incapable of ])roducing

scarcely twenty bushels of corn per acre. It will

now produce, in a good season, thri e times that

amount ; and I attribute this improvement in the

soil mainly to liming and plowinf/ down clover. On

the poorest of this soil, in tlie twelve years referred Philadeij'hia comity, with all tiielr advantagcJ* 0

cess to market for all sort- ol m, inures. Uurlimc^^a-
made the ''solitarv place to bh->oin as the ro?o. --

time. ^\ ith thi> !>r.u'..s> our land< are annually im-

• r
prnvinL'. and a e •n^tant increase in the quantity*?

^vain and L'"ra>s is the result.

There are a few farnna-s rvin- in Tbiekin.i;lKun^i'-
ley (alimeston.« valley) wh . think tlia.t they can pro-
cure no article, t-r (he vamo amount of nionoT. ''■
benefit their lamh so niudi a> lime; and without K'"
ing at ail invidious, t hallengc a comparison of '^"
and farmini: with anv of the successful farmers

ot

to, one hundred and fifty bushcds of lime per acre
liavc been applied, at three difi'i^-ent periods, at the
rate of fifty bushels per acre at each dressing, and its
efficacy is perceptible to the dullest intellect. The
applications of lime have increased the hay crop
three fold, and (as I sell no hay but feed it all on the

Lands that were hardly w- rth cultivating in P»^-
of this county aid the adjoining State of NcwJei^^T
are now making their owners rich mainly by the J
dicious use of lime. I am no chemisi or geologic"

ltr)2,1

COMMTiVFr \'[^[<>VS.

.)

and cannot speak of farming scientifically. T only
refer t<» facta, whitdi sometimes are stubborn Liangs,
and fioint to the daily improvement of our soil by the
u.*e of lime, as a ju"-:tifieatiun of my position.

In conclusion, permit me to say, that lime and good
stable manure will enrich almost any land if pntper-
ly upplie<l: — And that, when they cannot be obtain-
ed in sufficient abundance, clover or other green
t'^'ps (with a top-dressing ol' L:\p-Mm e- plaster of
parij') plowed dvicii, will he luund iumm >rtant ad iu nets.

\\ 1 la I \ \t .''^1 \ \ },i \ .

rartridyt lid! F<rrm, ////./S-"-., /; //. -Ji', 1 ^:,l\

V'<T tlc' Farm J. ii!n!,»!,
Ci.ring of Corn Fcxidei- — Cuttin:;- fur lof.d.

Mk. llj)iTuii : — Tiic January .\ 1. of your d u.iial
eontains an arti'h' on tin-. Mihi^'ct. h\ II. .Nlan-tcM ;
which induces m • to give my l.umble opini(m . n the
vaiiie subject, altliMu^h 1 m,i\ di'V. r - anewhat from
that ^enth'iiiaii iiL the method I pur>ue.

.^Ij custom is, to cut the v rri and fodder close to
the ground, and sleick it aL'ain-f thr^-e mt foir stalks
left standing, and tied together wi?!i ,i j, w* blades or

a little .straw as a

a^.rt,

A\ h

!1 t

I lock is larjre

• iiuugh, (which may be from 30 to I- hills) it is well
tied with a good band of long straw. Thus the
shocks are well secured fn^m the effects of the storms,
which might otherwise blow liicni lo the ground. —
The tops are kept close, wdiich prevent-^ \}\o rain tVom
ponetratin- tlein. an.l th- ini.v laitts are .set suffi-
iiently wide apart to admit a Iree circulation of air
to dry the fodder. In this conditi-n ii is left till
busking time, wh-n the c a n an 1 fodder are separa-
ted. The fodder is th n li. d mto bundle^, and when
perfectly dry, i- i.iiv u t,, d,,, inn or shed and m. wed
in the follow ing ..r.i>r : Ticln.-t covering i-, to set
the bundles iipri-ht. the Imttx (>n tie- tlo.,r: and tic-
second is laid .lown i!at, lik.' -rain. t.. [a--v. in luval^-
in^' in w hil-' at woik : i!ir third i-« >.a ^ai ( nd like ih,'
tirst, and SI nu. T]ii.> is t" k-. p it h-s... anJ admit
air to prevent the f-1 !• r lr> m h .■..nriuj.- uium\ ; uliich
cannot u.!! h- p:-. ■^,alt.■ i wl^ n all is laid down llat
m the mow. It is a well known fact, that corn fod-
d»'r cannot be left in the field till the saccharine juice
of every stalk is dried u\\ without iniurin- the fod-
der niat^^rialiy. jeat by lev w.iv of m-uni^', the in-
jury it may sufi'er h. standing Uhj lung in the tc 11.
i^*< well as becoming nuisty in the mow, i.s prevented.
I am now ready to begin feeding, which is done
when cut fine. I have a cutter and crusher, (manu-
factured by 1:. Potts, Valley Forge, Cbo«ter county,)
winch I attach to the horse-powt 1 . \\ nh this ma-
ylune I ean cut and crush from loO to 2()0 bushels
in an hour. This makes the hard stalks almost as
tender and manageable as the blades, and there is no
difficulty in feeding. Cattle eat it very readily in
"u« state, and when mixed with meal and scalded or
steamed,;it is excellent for milk cows, or for fattening
cattle. One ton fed iu this way will feed more catr

tie and to more advantage, than two tons in the ordi-
nary way. Almost any farmer can clear the price
of the machine the first year. J. S. Kei.llr.

Orwiijsbury, March, 185U.

For the Farm Journal.
Pntfits of Kcipinj;^ l-'ow N.

Mr. KniToa: — As the f.v.vl mania appears to have
been prevalent in sonn' parts (.f tlic country forafww
years past, and having seen some very exaggerated
statements, in regard to the largo profit.s to be de-
i-ivc'l fr. .ni keeping a larg" stock ^f h. n^ 'i'.,t l,i\in:,

rtii^ing ehleken<, itc, ati I n t!i. tdrarv. ha\in::

lieard it positively asserted by many ^ f mv n ijhb,.rs
that a h"!i, if well fe.b will e(m>nne' in a year, Lrr.iin
or other food worth more tlian d uMr th'\:eie> of
the eggs she will produce in that tim : I .letermined
to ascertain whether any or either of thedestateim nts
were correct.

I accordingly commenced operations en the lii.st
day of January, iS.jO, ])y selecting seventeen hens
and one cock from our other stock of fowls — they
were a mixture t>f Jersey lilues and common breeds,
an<l were considered in tlnvse parts good layers and (d'
large size — the hens weighing ."i^ to 7 lbs. each, and
the cock 10 lbs. I aj>propriated part of an unoccu-
pied frame building fi»r their use, put up suitable fix-
tures fin* them to r(jost on, and surnlry boxes and old
flour casks laid on their side<. with a littlo

1 1 a \' 1 1 r

straw in them fi>r nests to lay im Tin.' door ot this
building opened into an adjoining yard of about 1.^3
feet s(piare, and was kept open night and tlav in
summer, Init shut every night in wint. r. and W \ . ry
stormy or cold weather it was only left op. n a'. .ait
five or six hours daily. Th. re ^va< also a lot of ;-r. aiiei
a'ipanni'j: the yard, containinj; alnait a quarter nf a:i
ae!-(', iM-cupe d a- a. nurs; rv td" vniio •• Irui: ir.'<'< two
_\iMr- I'l {'ran tli'- Liraf'. -nia-- uichd bv a L^'Midlmard
teuce: ror.ai::'! h'ali a'wii .-ii. vard anil nur-<a-v. the
fowds were jieriuiti' 1 ; < main at ph a-ur.'. t!;" f.af It-
ers of one wing of each beinj; ew: {.., pn\,!it tie m
from escaping. They were f.d r.gularly, uivnaiing
aud evening, principally with corn or corn meal, oc-
casionally mixed with wheat, bran or shorts, and a
few boiled onions, and some refuse meat from a but. h-
ei'ssh.'p. I ascfrta'm'd by aet a il tn 'asurein^air that
the 4uautity of cm r i- <iui\.ihii' f other food
consumed, daily in the fall and wint«'r, hjilt' f tie?
year, was three quarts, and in the spring and summer
half, (young chickens and all included) or but little
over half that (quantity. The whole quantity of food
consumed throughout the >iar was e<iual to 27 bush-
els of corn, worth here, at market price, 45 cents per
bushel (part of the time corn sold for 40 cents and a
part of the year for 50 cents.) The number of eggs
were set down immediately when brought in, but as
we were not particular to mark down dates, I can
only give the aggregate for this year. I find on add-
ing up the account, we obtained I0O8 eggs which

*■ " r ,:f;.-v^i;taA:sr,'<«"?j5!^

G

COMMTTNTOATTONS.

[April,

l^-:?.l

COM Mi 'Mi' \'\'\( )N.S.

SJ>. ,6WI'<l«-»"W«fc-**

were sold for $12.75, avoragin;^ littlo loss than llj
cents per dozen. None wore sold over 15 cents per
dozen, and some an low as 8 cents per dozen. We
raised 27 chickens, the rats kinin;^ or carrying]; off all
the others wlicn small. Three of the old stock died,
which when replaced out of the young ones, left but
24 to dispose of, wliieli hrou;j;ht on an average, IS;] cts.
each, on accoiintof extra size and quality; the common
price being 12] cts. each. Theeggs of those fowls were
larger tlian common, twelve of them generally weigh-
in<'- as much as fifteen or sixteen of the connnon 1-:i»i(l,
but we could not sell them any hi;;! I'l- (.n t!ii< .n ( .Mint,
as an egg appears to be an egg large or sii!;i]!. 'I'!i-
whole account sums up in this manner:

Cr. By 1308 eggs sold for $12 75

*' 21 chickens sold for 4 50

S17 25
Dr. To 27 bushels of corn, at 45

cents per bushel, $12 15

Leaving a nett profit of $ 5 10

I forgot to mention that they had a constant sup-
ply of water. The manure was saved an 1 mixi 1
with a quantity of wood ashes and plaster, and ap-
plied as a top-dressing to our corn,by scattering about
a gill of the mixture around each hill, after the corn
came up. The crop was good, but I cannot say
whother it was any better on account of t!i • m '.uure
applied; but hope to ascertain more satisfactorily
next season. Yours, &c., 'J. '\\ • M.

Lcwistoicn, MarcJi^ 1852.

For tlie Farm Journal.
Applyinjj Flone Dust to Indian Corn Ci o; -s.

To the C ha inn an and mfmhcrs of the ExiCiUi(\ Coni-

viiftec of the Monfyomvry Comity Agricultural S<>-

ciefy:

Gentlemen: — Having at flic In t m. Mating of onr
Society, been requested by "ui- !;;! • duicIi c-t.NMiKMi
President, to favor hiiii with ir.v \i. w^ a-> t.> tlu' l-c-f
mode of applying bonedust to ili' iiMiianeorn n-.p;
in order that others may have the opportunity of be-
nefitting by any information m my power to impart,
I have chosen to make it the subject of a communica-
tion to this committee. If, in your estimjitinn. it
contains any matter that could prove usoln! tn the tlie score of ccon

the most barren liu'l fertile. But such is not tho
case ; it is fiir IV'iu being a. panacea.

Many necessary ingredients to form a good s.)ll
might be absent, that would not be supplied by
bone-dust, no matter in what form wo prPHcnt
it to the soil. liones contain about GG-lOO of
earthy or inorganic mattor, the balance is ()re;an!i»
matter, ri<di io r;nl.Mn .iimI nitrogen. Tf wo pul-
verise the bonf ainl u-~<' ir "m its natural stat-?
sowing il Iii-n;,(!«'a.-t nti t!ic ;jroini 1 m -ulliciont <juan-
tity, tim'' ^\ill (icciinpu^c it, and a ini* ('t ;\ niosinf
as the (trL!;anic niattrr un<l»'r'_roos pftrt'lactii ii. it ■wiH
fui-iii-^h nit r<)L'<'ii to tli'' plaTit, ami 'In' iiltosphate nf
Tune iu> loii't r )a-(.t''t tol ].v this covoriu'r, ^vill dis
solve ill th<' wati'i- imj>r'".':iial'.'i| Wiih ••••rhonir hc\<],
alwavs t"» !»<" ImuihI In a ri.-li -oil. In i hi^ wav it wdiiM
for a longLh ui' tiiir.'. I'liiaii^li phi.^ pliuric acid to tho
plant, and wo would have lln' Ixjndit of tho organic,

as well as i\\o inorgnnii' niatter contained in it.
T^)t any ('{Ta-t Id iiiak" <uir sni]>>i. l.y artificial moan-i,

as repicLc wilii ihc luiucrai buij^Lancc^ as thur^e uf
Ohio, (lOti ]iai-t^ nrwhii •!) <'ontain 1^ of phosphate of
lime) would be \ iiv • x)Mn-i\ •. To avoid this diffi-
culty, as far a< possil>l ■. it has ))een dovised to pr»>
sent to the plant the pho-«phate of lime in that stat<\
in which it is most easily and speedily absorbed l>y
the roots, and thus, with much less in quantity of
material, offering to the i^lant \hn same amount of
surface for its roots to act on. To tliis end. it is div
solved in su1;>hiii-ic acid, an<l applied to the ground
in a li(iuid state. You will easily perceive, that
when applied in the liquid state, that all parts of tli'"
substance are presented innnediately to be actod up'^n,
and that when applied in pieces of considcrahle ^ii'A
enveloped as it is, each particle being covered witha
coatiii;^ of -■' hitio" and fa*ty in-itt.>r, substances of
slow decomji'isit ion, much !»■-> ( 'ppnrt unity is uiiord-
r 1 to th ' phint t'. a'.-ia-l. ir. I'.y tlav-" m'-iiiSWCwiH
he ai'h' l^^ <!i.-p< n-i' wiih, to a ^I'oat cxt' nr, sti largf
.;n (aitlav ;U oiu- Umc, and s'.ill he ahlo to effect our

uhji'i-l.

It has been recommendod by some gentlenion ot

considerable attainmcnu and research into these mat-
ters, to dissolve the liones without any further prepa-
ration than grinding. O^ t]]'< T do not approve, OQ

1 im\"

w ' ai:

Society, or to tho fiirming public at large, it is at
your disposal.

In discussing the attributes of an artificial manure,
and dilating on its merits, too little attention is gen-
erally paid to the fact, that no one salt '(or metalic
oxide combined with an acid,) is of itself more than
a specific. In agriculture, as well as in medicine,
wherever we attempt to cure all diseases with one
remedy, we must meet with signal failure. Bonedust
has been ext<dled by those who have used it success-
fully, into something that has all the attributes of
" tho mother's milk ;" and many have been led to
I elieve, that it contains all that is required to render

M jTi^fer dispcnsiDi;
with the Ejrindinir, an 1 in lieu thereof, after liavin:?
dried thom, by the addition of a small quantity oi
lijrht wood, burnout all the inorj^cJ^nic mattiT. H''*
leaves the bon*^ prrvious to litpiids an<l easily attaoK-
ed by the acid. Jt ah-o saves tin- trouble of grin'^-
ing, while in many KKalities it is an operation not
easily procured to be drno.

Bones we have seen consist of about 34-100 of <^'"'
canic matter, rich in carbon. AVhen sulphuric a^'^'

is broujrht in contact with orfranic matter, containi -

It
carbcm, mutual decomposition ensues; and the resu

is, that carbonic acid and sulphurous acid are forme

at the expense of the carbon of the organic mi^ttor

and the sulphuric acid. The carbonic acid escapes,
hut unless we have present an excess of sulphuric
;i. id, ^vhioh is seldom the cas.% the sulpliurous acid
will combine with tho lime and form a salt, whose ef-
fi-ct is positively injurious to the growing plant, ow-
ing to its avidity for oxygen. It operates injuriously
in much the same manner as protoxide of iron. In
any event, we obtain no beiu'fit fn)m the presence of
the organic matter, as when we have dissolved the
bones in the acid, nothing remains of it ; and we have
-uffered considerable loss of acid.

If, therefore, we di.-^.'^olvc ihc huno ;iI"Lvr it i< hu:-nt,
wo afford t" tln^ pdant pho^ydnito of liiiv^ in t!i" nio.-^i
divided stato, and ar ih.- .h.-n.r-! ratt; pos.Molo. —

i:-' ^u:-

llowever, it is not nects> nv that \\ ■ -Ip uM
tioiont acid to render the wholo mass liqui L a.n 1 uii-
b's.s the dose ap-pliod be very small, 1 would prefor
tin' use of about 20lt> (d' acid to the 10il}t> of bones
(before burnt). If ilie acid is dilut- d \\ i;h four tlmos
its own weight of water, by the addition of sawdust,
it can be dried so as to bo easily handle<l, and the
moisture of the ground will sufficiently dissolve it. —
Two hundred pounds per acre of bones, thus pre-
pared, will form a suificient dose, if ap[died in tJie
hill. It should be put on at the i>lanting.

I have lately seen several notices of a mineral, al-
ledgf^d to be a native phosphate of limo, and said to
W foiintl in M ir:< ("unty, \'V/ .b i-- v, a* ' r near
tbeZinc mines. It was ropormd in tho (M»rmantown
T.do'^aph lately, as having l)oen roferred to, by some
g<'ntlonnin of the Farmers' Club, of Philadelphia co.,
a>< a valuable substitute for bones, and was to be had
f<>r S12 per ton. On application to C. i>. iiodgers,
of 20 Market street, where almost any thing useful
in agriculture can be had as soon a- it mako- it- ap-
P'"'arance, I procm-i'd << nv svcrim.'n^. I h.iva not
aiialvzod thorn, but tV m thrir aniuMraii. .\ havo no
oonfidt'ncc ia i lieir Containiiu: an v oMn-idora^h' "uaii-
tity of any jdio^phat-', an 1 am ^uro that th"y do n -t
Contain anvthing like enough to brir.'- th. ni ui* to
Prof, ,'dapes' analysis, as puldisln d in Mr. Skinner's
periodical some time since.

One largo source, from which agriculture might re-
t luim large quantities of phosphoric acid, has always
boon overlooked by the manufacturors of Ilydro-fi^no-
cyanite of potash. The mother waters of this salt,
contain large quantities of phosphate of potash. 1 1 is
very soluble, and combines all that would be neces-
sary to furnish both phosphoric acid and potash to
the plant.*

But when we havo applied this prepared bonedust,
d the soil is destitute, or even scantily sunidi^ 1 with
tiio other mineral requirements, or does not contain
sufBeient humus, we will not realize our expectations.

Indian corn contains of mineral or inorganic mat-
ter about 2-100, and must look to the soil alone for

its supply,
consist of

This 2-lUU wlieu analyzed is iiniud to

0.5

49.2

u.:}

O.l

17.5

0'> o

.o.«j

3.8

(U

35.00
40.54

7.<»o

4.1 M

12.S0

•Thii article may be obtained at H. Worthington'* Chemical
>Norks, Leopard ittreel, near Franklin avenue, Kenanigtoo.

Sul: acid,

Phos: acid,

(Jhlorine,

J/nn«\

^1 agnosia,

Potash,

Soda,

Iron,

The next question is, how are these substancos to be
supplied, when doticient? I take it forgrnit 'd. thai
as they aro ii'iaa i in all specimens of <''rn., tiial no
man will di-T'Uo. th r .wrn cannot oxi-' wirhait them.
li 1 ;, any accident we were to produce cm without
anv or oitiier of them, th-' offect would be, th a' it
would no longtT -^u.h-'!,, nr purpose, and that the
stock t- i on such corn, vould, liko the dog fed ai
white bread, pine away and '1. . i: v,. Id 1 ni' a
useless substance for that purpo.-c. and W'.uld -." ii
fall into disuse.

Sulphuric aeid and the phosphates wi- havo al-
ready. Magnesia is furnished by the bcLj . iiiuc,
which consists of

Limo,

Magnesia,

(May and iron,

Sand,

AVat»'r,

Chlorine and soda aro furnishod in tho slnipo of
common salt, by the sea wind<. Iron generally pre-
vails in the soil. Potash has generally been supplied
from wood ashes. This su])stance can be furnished
to the soil at much ( heapcr rates by using the sul-
phate of potash, which can be had at RcMlgor's, No.
20 Market street, or at Powers Sc Weightman's, at
low rates. This latter, to a certain extent, will sn| -
ply tho place of plaster.

Keritpitulation: For one acre of corn in th ' h.ill,

1 I " Sul. :i -i !. To be applied

!"o;t, Sul. of potash, "• .Vi'lh ] ;
1 hii di. >'f {da-tor, I ground.
(Iround to be linn 1 \voll, and

applied to the hill.

G. Blioht Browne.

Gwynnal town^^hip, Montyomtry county, Pa.

V r !':<• I'lrui Journal.
(Jorn — l.atc \ >. l^aiii rianlin«;.

M i;. 1 Editor • I promised some tiuie ago to scud you
an article on raising Corn, and in accordance with
that promise have hastily penned the following,
which is at your service :

For the last six years I have been experimenting,
for tho purpose of ascertaining the best mode of
growing corn, that one great error into which our
farmers fall, is that of planting tA)0 close ; from three
feet to three feet six inches being the distance unu-
sually allowed between the rows each way. My
plan is to score out my rows from north to south*
leavin"" a space of full four feet between each. I

f 1 1

n t : n :

•n

:il)0VC
!1 rotted mar.ure

8

COMMTTNK'ATIOXS,

[Air

ir

185

ro 1

COMMT'XKWTIOXS.

9

then drop two grains at one place, with an mffrvfil
of two feet and a half between each droppin;^. My
object in scoring out north and south, is to give eve-
ry hill or stalk the benefit of as much sun as possi-
ble, and to prevent in a certain degree (m<' row from
shading another. Corn, like snakes, is fond of the
sun. Kvety hill is covered with the hoe, (prtlVrrin;^
the good old way in that respect to any other) taking
good care that no stones or clods rest upon tho phico
where the corn has been planted. Tliis can be ac-
complishod in no way so well as witli tlio hoc.

My time f tr pluntiiig is generally between the lOth
and l''')th of May, giviuL'- tho ground a charu^o to be-
come well warmed bti'ore the seed is y)ut into it. —
There is far less danger of t'iC corn rtittinii;, when
the "round is warm, an<l tlie rapidity of its !:;r(»\vtli
more than compensates fur the laienesH of tlie sea-
son; besides, it is not near so liable to a back set
as when it is planted earlier. Many farmers j-lant
their corn the last week in April, whm ilui irroimd
is wet and cold, and as a conse<oi.Mi
Tery favorable circumstances) it lays there fur w( eks
without germinating, and very fr(V(nontly rots. 1
have known corn to remain in the grt)\inil lor three
weeks before it made its appearance above grf^ind.
while it is seldom that corn planted from the lOth to
the 15th of May, does not sprout in three or four
days. It may be proper to i-eni;irk here, that 1 al
ways soak my seed corn in lien inanure wat-'r, lie-
fore planting.

I prefer my mode of planting to the drjllinrr sys-
tem, as tlie corn is less dilheult to keep clean. an<l I
find that I can raise just as much as by the other
plan. I have raised from 75 to 80bu.sh -l^ per acre,
without extra manuring, which 1 cunsiiler a lair
yield.

Last seas(tn, i tried an experiment upon ten acres,
by planting one half full 1 !"( el apart, t\vo grains at
a place, 'J' feet apart. The oth^r half was drilled
in, 4 feet apart. 'The drilled jMrtion was much more
difficult to keep clean than the other, and the yield
was about the same. The corn on the o aerrs phmt-
cd according to my favorite method, that is full four
leet, between the rows, and 2] feet between the dropp-
ings, was much the finest, being larger and fuller in
the ear, and easier Im^ked.

I should have mentioned in the beginning of this

For thf ! uii, Joornal.
Cacology applied to Aj^riculturc — No. I.

A knowledge of the geological structure and com
position of the earth is necessary to the agriculturist

who would (injoy the ailvantages th;it Nature has
treasured up i^r his use. AVith the hopeof diroctiri'^
the attention of farniers to a sulnect of such vital im-
portance to iheni, 1 shail endeavor to collect togotlior
and aiM'ange in a sirujile aiel iiitoUigible form, some
of tlie leading faets and priiirip!''^, aixninding In the
works of geologists, and su(di as liavt.' a particular
bearing on the science of agriculture.

ric(dogy is a com[)ridiensive hf-i.-tu-t', enil»racliig in-
(|uiries into tin* structure, form and prooeries of the
animal, vegetable and mineral kingdum^ of nature.
To pursue the entire study of this science and com-
pndiend fully all its departments, {ir-Mipposod a
knowledge of many kindred branches, such as miuor-
alo<'-v, rhemi.^try, botanv, conrludo:iv which could
n<»t be' expected in the majority vi praciic.il agricul-

Should T, liowever, induce pome of your readers by
investigation and study toa]»ply the knowledge which
neology imparts, to th*^ cultisatiou and iniprovemenl
v[ the soil, my p.urp .>e will be accomplished.

The crust of the earth has been penetrated by man
or i'5 oxpcisod to view in various locations to the ag-
greirattMiepth of some ten niile-<-—thu"-', while the
semi-diameter of our globe is dnoo niih<. man ha<
only I). ■en able to p.-netrate or examine a tuur-huuJ-
nth ]iart of its depth.

Alilciugh this i^roportii'O as com[»arcd with the
whoh' mass is (pjite sniaih the actual thickness is far
iireater than we oould rxplnre wiili any means ntour
comnnind. were it not th.at a benignant rrovidcnce
had accomplished the work for us.

The upheavel of mountains ; th(> depr(>-«i"n ut v;n-
levs : the excavation of rivers : the di>turblng force
of earthtpiak(^^, volcaiKH-s .^■c.,]iy their united action
haveexpose<l to vicwas before stated, ten niih - -rniop'
in depth of the (birth's crust ; but the same materials
are n<'t found e\e!'y where. The denuding, chfinguiir.
and recomnoslnr!: action of fire, water, and air, or the
atmosphere, ha\e in manv places mtii-ely roniovou
what was once tht^ uppi'rsurface and expt^sed to view
the lower or deeper lbrmati'>n, while in other pu^ce?

article, that mv ground intended for corn, is always | i^'"^^" ''-P'-^i'^ I'-^^e been mad.> whieh ditfer entirely
put in the ver/bcst condition before planting. Spring f''>'^' ^huse that were relieved a'^ aK. iV.m the harder
plowing is, I think, much to be preferred for corn ;
unless the land is too rich, which is not often the

case. In concluding this plain statement, 1 will mere-
ly remark, that if the same attention were paid to
corn growing, that is given to the raising of wheat —
if the land was as well manured and worked, we
could as easily raise one hundred bushels to the acre,

as we now raise fifty.

N. F. Ellmaker.
Spring Lawn Farm, Lan. co.. Pa,

formations or substrata whiidi remain.

The -rreat . Inm-c- thatha\e b^\ these various mcan^
been etfected on tlu> surface oi' the earth, give u^
everv description of soil from entirely silicious an«
barren to that wliieh ulnuiid- in iV: I ilizing properties
both vegetal )le aii I mineral.

The figure beh)W will illustrate the manner m
in which the crust of Uk earth for a con3idcrahle

^Many eBtimatei make the depth much greater.

depth is exposed to view and will exhibit to some ex-
tent the cause of the great variety of soils which
che<iuer the surface. It is copied from tlie last edi-

(ij.\i:KAL SliiTlnX of Till' l>Li: ( )r A KK A N llK-M NnKTIi 'fo S( iTTU.

tion of *' Lyell's Element^," and illustrates well a
considerable vari<'ty of formations as they exist in
the island of Arran. in Scotlan 1.

1. Miam..rphic or llyp^gene Sdii.ls, the oldot :.. Trap, .^vr K in^ and m dik..^^pa-ing occasn^n

c .: , ;,, Vrr.iT. I :illv int.. S\enit. - nf th-' riut-nic .la-

formation ^ in Ai ran. ^ ^ ^ i '' .

•J. Coarse-u'rained granite, sending vein< into the i ^. ^^ l'in,..._r,.;iined granite, a-.-.Mlat-l \s iih the ovor-

Scliists. No. I. Ivin" trap No. o.

•; (»ld Ked Sand>t me and ('''nudomerate, cntam- - '" . , . .. . . ,

i./pehbles excIuM^elv deri^ed fr.m the n.ks, N.. , -d, Sinnlarfin.^.raned ^.r.nue seinbn, -.n-^noo
l.^vlthout anv intern.ixture .f ;;ranitic fra^ment^. th- ..Mr granite N.. '2, an-l cutting ..1i l..- li^pp-an

b Carbonitcrous strata ."i. red ^andstone, (new re. 1.; <likes, c d.

By this sketch it may be perceivtMJ that the uphea- ' Kvry fr.'^h-t . r Ic-avy rain 'i! it .■■ .mm--^, carries
val of a mountain bv volcanic or oth.-r -uhterranean fi-Mm "ur lield-^ ai:l f 'fo^ts iiumen>;e ;',m-uiit^ -!" r!i.';r
acticn will bring to liglit the deep.-^t r..ek-^, and thus oomp.'ie'ut tart-, v, hieh becoming intermmglcvi with,

we have granite, gneiss, iiurubleadeaud other prima-
ry rocks on the surface, the stratiti-.l f .rmatlons
whi<di originally covered thin h.ln^ d nudcd or
washed ofl".

These latter too, where remaining, are thrown out
of their horizontal position, and form an angle with

are transtLTod by the force of the currents to new
locations. w!er. \n \\\^ . 'r<e of time deltas are

f)rne'd, and ie".v fields drivo ba 'k tlu- line ..f the
ocean wat-rs. ^Vhe:!l■ r tie -•■ transforming ageiii-^
arc as active now, as at earlier periods, is a subject
of speculation and conjecture which has occasioned

the surface, or dip from the horizon — where rivers much discussion among gooh>gists, but is not mate-
cut ttieir '.\av tlw'U'j-h the-^e \;iri.tu< layer-^ ..r fitrata,
making gorges or salhyt-'. tlc-y atl'.rd excell-'iit ..p-
portiinities to -lu.iv th-'ir sti-uetur--^ an.l mat.'rial*^.

To the f>rmation .d" nciuntain-^ and \an.'y^-, v, e ar.'
iiide])ted for the oriirin of rivers and lak.'S or inland
seas, and to the same cause.-^ at oilier periods, lakes
have been drained and tlieir beds w ITudi liad been
the receptacles of tlio denu'h>d n]>land>, f.»rmed largf^

an 1 ft-rtih- di<tri.-t'j.

\\\ a ni-.M'ess of tills nature it is ludieved was form-

'd a lar.:"r pMi-tl>,n of the immense valley of thcMi-"-

aisvippl. tic me>t extensive alluviau d'-[.osir known t.^

I:l:l!l.

Accor.l'iiu' to Sir f'liarh-* I,m;11, t]!e(hdta an.l allu-
vial plains of the Mississlj pi >• .i' l<tinj; "f -edimen-

ri al t' eur present purpose. That those parts of the

rai-lh whi di icw f rm .Iry land, w-tc at ono time,
covered with water, becomes evid' nt to su( h a- v ill
e;irefully examiuc and observe, the indications whicdi
iilniM^i e\. rv \\here abound; and that after the retir-
ing of the waters, the rivers were much larger than
at the ]iresent day is rendered pnd.able, by the <andy
l.eaehe< ; alluvial de].M^it< : hit^her benchesor -^lel^.-:
the weariri- ..f tic rM.k-. aid "the'- in.licati-'n^ win. h
mav r.'a.lily be .lereet.-d by the eye .,f the (ieoh^-i'^t.
The a<-t!'in .d" Wi't.a- is nneh' .-Nid.'nt alne.-t e\.'ry
where ovcr«air .-un Stat.' by the r amd (■■rm ..f the
p:d.h'^. bv the siliei-u- (MU-I •nnTat"-^ er pu.bbn:;
stones, by tic ^^•■r^ Mirface. aid cners nf many
rocks; by the regularly r-iratihed f-rm^ NNhi.ii -'xi^-t

tary matter, extends over an area of 30,000 s-piare | .^ ^^^„^,,.,^, locations, and particularly by the fossil
mile«», and is known in some parts to be several hun-
dred feet deep.

The agents whit h h.-\\e b. 'n since the f.rmation
of our globe, producinj: the great changes that now
mark the exterior, arc stiil inoporaticm tli iiLdi prob-
ably with less activity than at some former periods,
and under modified circumstances. Volcanic irrup-

iferous impressions, both vegetable and animal,which

abouicl in inaiiv f.rmati.ins.

rhila., M'H-rh, IV-,-. A. S. Ib.CKKTS.

For the Farm Journal
South Dew 11 '^liccji. »v<-.

To THE Editor of tiik Fvkm .1 u rnal:— I now

large amount held in
suspension by the atmosphere, by absorption, chrys-
talization, and other causes, but that changes are
yet tiikmg place becomes evident on a little reflection
and observation.

last fifty years. The first improved stock obtained
was an Irish buck and ewe that was imported by
Capt. James Jefferies. Thoy were pundiased by him
when just on the point of sailing from Ireland, with

I

.n'.5j| ;.•■ siH^ii*?;*^

10

COMMUNICATIONS.

Wtm^' •,i«Jtf «u »<B.f- K, ■ -m vmr*" ..la-iw*^

[Anul,

i«r>2.1

COMMlWiCATioN'^

11

the intention of killing them on the prissage; but after
wards he concluded to brinj: them home. The buck
was purchased ])y my father and Chejney Jofferiea
at $40. This was previous to 1815. In those days
Cheyney was a very noted sheep feeder, though ho
bred but few. He always purchased the wether
lambs that wo had to spare at $2,50 per head and as

the skins. 1 i I wnre to judge for tiie benefit of tho
coinuiunity (as well as for myself,) I should say that
there should be greater In liu;emoiits held out to the
bi ^eders of good sheep thuu lur ihai of any other kind
of stock; and I will venture to assert tliat if ull tjie
shopp that Pennsylvania and Oliio send to Phihulol-
])h'i;i in one year were onh/ luilj' hlvod Sou/h Doiom

uniformly fed and sold them at from $8 to $12 per that the breeders of lli. m would realize thousaiuls cf

head when from two to three years old; and I pre- dollars nmre than thf y n<,\v ilt. 1 \vi»uld not have ic

sumc there may be still some relic of !!ns stock in tlmu^rlit that my object is t'> court htiyers, f tr i huvo

Peale's Museum, Philadelphia. Sine.' tlnai, 1 have none l"nr sah- at this time, and I havt; not sold a Ewo

bred some good Leicester^, and mixe([ hhxxis, one of since 1 ini})ortcd my ]>!'cs(--nt stock, to anv per-on in
which was a ewe that I had bred IVnm for tm years. \ tliis State, excopt A. il. IV.w.ilh and my near n i-h!,,,:

She was fed by Jonathan (Jheen, of <h.-h<n, Chester John Worth, dr., who, by the l)y, as 1 have m-atien.

county, killed In AVilmington, and weii:he(h wlnn cd lils name, 1 nniy a<M was th(! hreohM- ol" those fme

dressed 144 lbs., and was sold at iifty cents }>■ r li). twin wetheis, that were led by B. Ilood, unj killi'd

J. G. used to show a hickory peg five inches long last winter in rhihnlelphia. Our friend A.Clomt'nt,

which ho said was the thickness of fat on her ribs, in his ('..mniunieaii.in in tiie fjih \o. of the Farm

The Leicesters I found to be the tenderest and most donrnal, (anittcd to state wieai ho ni ntioned the ago

difficult to raise, and having early remarked tliat tlio of th" jmavirst one (uhi 'h was 2o I 11,-.) tliat it was
smutty or dark-faced sheep were generally mure hiir-
dy than white faced ones. When the Soutli !>. wn-
were introduced, I was soon induced to give tlnm tie'
preference. Having a large family to provide for, I
found their wool much better adapted to the manu

one year older thaa the iwiu^ ihai weighed 202 and
Vyi l]»s. This I nraition f .r the credit of the Down.s.
They were ] hlo(;(ls. I5ut 1 may say d. W . jr., has
for some years d'eliaed hriedim^ any Sheep except
Downs, and 1 have sold him more ewes than 1 have

facture of satinetts, &c., than any other that I had sold to all others since 1839, and found him to be the
owned ; the quality being considered equal to half most liberal buyer in our State that I have dealt
blood Merino. Feeling desirous of ini].ro\ing some ' witli, exccj't A. (MennTit, of Phihi lelphia : and to
of the best South Downs, as the few in our county him I would reeomm^nd iho..- w ho ai- n-t judges oi
could not be bought at less than $50 per head, and stock tie m^elves. or do \v,\ ii-ul li convenient to at-
not first-rate at that. ; tend to purchasing ii-r t!i.'m>el\.-s.

1 -h.allnow add a f . w lir.o^ fr.i.i an EnMish work

In 1839, 1 visited the land of Souih JJoums an<l pro-
cured some of J. Ellmnn. The prices that 1 p:ii ] him ' of some seven hnndr< <l pages, on the different breeds
were $150 for one buck and $50 for two ewes, and in of Sheep— hv ^Vm. ^ .eaitt. Il-says, page MI. -The
order to be able to breed the stock lon;o.r w ithout <le- Sontli Down i- ada],ted to alm^.-t a'ny situation lathe
generating, I then purcha-M I'.air e^^. . of Steple-n midland part .d" Kn-ian.d. It has a 'patience of c.va-
Grantham (stewar-l tv> Karl of Liverpool.) for Avh.hdi .^ional sliortkei p, and an endurance ,,f hnr.l stockiiif;,
I paid $100. Those exhibited hv me at the late show o^ual t,, any idhcr Sh.M'p, an early maturity,
were all bred by me. The seven head that I import- scarc(dy inferior to that (d" the Loicoter's and the
ed, cost over $400 when landed at Philadelphia, ex- llesh tlmdy graiue-vl atnl ..f a ]mm uliarly p-od tlivur."
elusive of the cost of water casks, feed, &c., &c.— I Page 2;;"), ho .ays— "the ruimher .a' SMinh iMwn
And now, after manifesting this much spirit, I hope Sheep sent icr the supply of the London market has
to be excused for saying with Burns, that I do not ! for many years i . en r. L;ularly increasing ; and while
like "to see how things are shared," and if friend L. the (pmlity o.f th.^ tle^h pleases the customer, they arc
II. Powell would not do mc the credit to nvokv. it j generally admitted to he thoJ>r.'!f prnnf S/irrp thntare
known that I bred his buck that took the first pre- , br.'iiudit to Smitlihdd. The ave;n:;e\h ad weight uf
mium, and also two of his best ewes that also took | the South Down wriher^ varv from 8 to 11 stones,
the first premium, I shall claim the privilege of mak- T.ut Mr. ( i rant ham exliihited a p^u of three sheep at
ingit known myself. I should think that when the the last show of the Smithlh Id (dub (1835,) one of
owner receives the profit of a good animal, the breed- them wei-iiing 20 stones 3 Ihs ; the second 20 stones
er is always justly entitled to some credit; and 1 n lbs., and the thirvl 21 stones." V.\<ro. 237, liesays,
fancy it would be gratifying to pureha^^ers to kuow - th(> practice of letting and selling ihims was moro
who bred them.

Is it not a fact too obvious to be denied, that our
markets are more poorly supplied with good sheep than
any other kind of stock. Our beef and pork are good;
but what can bo said of the mutton of thousands of
those " landpiko" bleaters that are killed merely for

pre\alent and more profitable among the breeders
of South DoA\n Sheep than of any other kind, except
the Leicesters. At the sheep shearing atAVoburn, m
1800, a South Down Ram belonging to the Duke of
Bedford, was let for one season at 80 Guineas, two
others at 40 each, and four more at 28 guineas each.

This practice of latn years has been pursued exten-
Hivelyand profitably by Messrs. Fdlman, Grantham,
Todd and others. Two years previously to this the
Kmporor of Russia l>oughttwo of Mr. EUuian's Hams
to try the effect of the cross on the Northern Shcf^p.
The Duke of Bedfortl at the request of Mr. EUman,
put a price upon them, observing that he did not wish
to charge a f.reign sovereign, who had d«»ne him so
muidi ln)nor, more than any other indivhlual. The
price fixed by the lhik<^ wn< ".00 oruineas fi)r the two,
and he purchased two more f -r h'.m- if at the same

rate.

'>

Now I would

a-!^

(lo tl'.'i-o w <c lai breeders who
produce those '" l/nidnikes," de.sin^ iho^.^ bnnvvlong-
woolcd breeds. th:if r o/iir- rLdi pitures. i.nl are
unable to stand long journeys to m ;iket, or the Me-
rinoes that are worth but little \\}vu brought there:
or the hardy South l>.wn^ that produce a (piallty of
wool, the most suitable of all tor d.uaostic clothing :
capable of traveling the greatest distance to nnirket
on the least food, and being the most highly valued
by mutton eaters when they arrive there?

JosEi'H Cope.

Wrst Chester, Chester roujity.

P. S.— As an indication of the want of spirit among
Sheep breeders, I nniy add, T met with but one pur-
chaser at Ilarrisburg, who is an Englishman, by
name Jesse Garrard, of Allegle ny county. Pa., and
to him I Sold a yearling lUick of pure Pown blood.

For the Farm Jnnrivil.
I I iii( i r<cs~riantiag Scctis — Uuil«liug, vV( .

Mit. Editor: — The ioUowimr vic^v<. regarding the
culture of fruit trees, sonn' d v, heh ar^ the result

of the writer's own ol.>.'r\ ation and ev, ••ri- iic''. and
the residue coodon-ed from variou <i'nrco<. m;iv p»'r-

hap- 1 ! n-e to soiir' of vour rt^idcrs, th"V ar-' tie re-

fore at your ^> r\ i •.«

As rcLrard- the reariii;'- id' so,.dlin ~^ ap'd" ti-'''--', tie*
seeds after being washe<l from iho p, m ice should be
sown immediately, or if -pring sowing bo ptreferred,
they should be mixe<l with sand and exposed to the
weather until tlie arrival of that season, when they
should be sown in drills, two feet apart, and the
plants thinned to three inche>. \\ 1, n t \o vears old
they may be taken up and the routs grafted. 1 his
may be done in February or March, after \vlii. h they
may be packed in boxes, in clean sand, having a pro-
per degree of moisture to preserve the vitality of the
plants, until the season of planting, which is gener-
ally fn»m the middle of April till about the same time
in ^I ay, according as the sea.son may be; when they
should be planted in nursery rows, four feet apart,
and the grafts seven or eight inches asunder in the
rows. They should afterwards be treated somewhat
similar to a crop of corn, the ground being kept per-
fectly clean, till they are of three years growth, when
they are ready for market.

When peach, plum or cherry trees are wanted, tlio
stones should be buried in thin layers near the sur-
face of the ground, as soon after maturity as possi-
ble, for if they become very much dried they will not
germinate, and left to remain thus until spring;
when they should Vk^ taken up and the ]>each and
plum stones should be cracked, (care being taken not
to crack thekernMs,) whi«di will ensure their growth,
the first season. After which they may be planted
in the nursery, the same distance apart as that re-
commended for the apph' grafts, and cultivated in
lik, niann r. ihe greater ]rart of the peach. \\;;h
soni" d 'h- 1 :um f- s maybe budde<l the same rea-
son; the plums towards the latter part of dun •. and
the peaches at any time (Iming the months ot duly
or August, ami in some seasons during the early part
of September.

The cherry may be bud<led the second year, and
as they are more difficult to bud puccessfully than
most other kinds, they should bo worked just as the
terminal buds of the stocks commence forming.—
This varies according to the season.

it is better to work each variety of fruit upon
stocks of the same variety, yet the plum, nectarine,
an«l apricot work very well upon peach stocks, though
such trees are shorterdived than when upon their
own stocks. When apricots or nectarines are intend-
ed to 1)0 planted in low or nmist groun-l, they should
be worked upon plums: but if on high or san.ly
ground, the peach stock is t«» be preferred, ^^l • n
plums, apricots, or nectarines, are worked upon peach
stocks, they may Ijc liudded at the usual season of
budding the peach.

And for the benefit of those of your subscribers
uho ni.iv n •; !iavt> the book a; hmi. 1 will insert a
.ha-t ovri'a:- tr. ni 1' wnin^"- " Id nit and 1 ruit
Trees," -n the pv^.p a- tim- and ne-th-d cd" -rafting
I the grape vin.'. di, ■ an;li r ^av- "^ "' }'"'' ^''""^
durin.: win'or-. k-. pn,- lli-m ]'aniil!y 'ana' d in a
cool, .lanin cellar till \\ann 1. A- - •• n as tiie l.-aN-'-^
of the old vine or stock are fully expanded, and ail
danger of bleeding is past, say about the tenth of
June, cut it off smoothly below the surf ice of the
ground, and split the stoek and insert one or two
scion, in th^^ n<ual manner, haidnig the cleft well
togetlier, if it d..es not close firmly. Draw tho
earth carefully around ir. leaving two or three buds
of the scion above the surface. If the root of the
stock be a strong native grape, the graft will ire-
quently grow ten or fifteen feet durinc; the first sea-
son, and yield a fair crop of fruit tlie second. Tho
vine should never be grafted above ground till tho

leaves arc nearly expanded.''

RoBT. Foster.

Lewiahuri/, York county, March, 1852.

According to Pallas, in the Crimea, the tame duck
is reared with much difficulty.

12

Mi: (XAVKN'S ADDRKSS,

FA

iTir,

i-r>2.1

Mil. cowr.x*^ Aonnrsjs:.

13

Mr. Govvcii's Address.

At tlie request of a large number of our readers,
we give in the present number the first part of the
Address delivered by James Gowen, Esq., before the
Lancaster County Agricultural Society. Tt will be
seen that several of the positions taken by Mr. G.,
are in direct variance with the received opinions of
the day, and will doujjtless meet with some opposi-
tion. Tiie stand he takes in regard to Lime and
green cropping, is certainly a bold one, and ^vill npm
the way for discussion. So soon um tli«' wlml.' ad-
dress appears, we shall nfTw <mv cwii views uftou the
subject, if not anticipated by s<riii(' (.four con-cspoiid-
onts, one of whom (Mr. Stavclyj has ah-cady given
ns an article on the subject.

Address delivered bclurc the rancaster County
Ai^^rH-ultiiral Society,

At its Annual Meeting on the Ioth of Jan., 1852,

Bv JAMES GOWKX, Esq.

correspondence.
Lancaster, January L3, 1852.
Dear Sir— By unanimous vote nf t!i<' i/ni<a<tcr
County Agricultural Society, Ave Ikinc Im. u instruct-
ed to request a copy for publication of your able,
practical and useful Address, this day delivered. In
obeying the instructions of the Society, we can with
perfect truth assure you that the request which we
now make is not a mere coin]>]iiii'Mit to you, but that
your coin])liance will be the mcm^ ..f sj.icadinii; be-
fore our farming community a mass oi iiifoiiiiatl.m
which we l)elieve will be at once pleasin;r and i.iofit-
abletothem. ° '

Very respectfully, your liiend^.

Abraham Kalii.\ian,
James Evans,

-. _, ThO. 11. lu KUOWES.

James Gowen, Esq.

•Tamary Mth, 1S.V2.
GENTT.rMEN— Tli.^ lIlMtlve that iir-r.l vou t.) a<k lor
the ])uhlicati<>n ..rili(> Ad.iivvs was tlu' s:iine that in-
diir.Ml 111,- tu deliver it. .•nid 1 ijirrrloiv most eheei-rul-
ly cumply Avith your rcjucst. J'eni.it nie lo add. that
It will aiford me the liveliest gratification should vour
laudable intention ])e properly appreciated, an 1 Vour
anticipations of usefulness be fully realized, ihruuuh
its reception by "our farming community.'' "^

AVitli great respect,

J am, gentlemen,

lour obedient servant,

James (low en.
Abraham Kauffman, James Evans, Tho. 11. Imu-
rowes, Esq'rs.

I pervading sense of my insufficiency to even m ;,sura-
bly acquit myself before so enli-htenrd an audience
as Lancaster can, en till occasion-, piv-,.iit to the a^
prehension of one ae^piaintrd as I am with tho cha-
racter of its citizens. Xay, cvm on the subject of
Agriculture, I cannot but 'distrust my competencv to
fulfil the e.\[>ectations natmally suggested l»y the cull
you did me the honor to make upon me, inrerring,'a.s
1 may, tho estimate you pnt upon my services tro'm
the standard of your (.\vn r^ jiiitcd excellence, in the
theory and praetice of Agrit-uhui-e.

"^ et, le.iwitlislanding these apj.rehensions, I shall,
with due (hdereiiee and to the best of mv a])ilitic;s'
attempt to improve this occasion, the first annivorsa'
ry of your Society, by adverting to the exi.cdjfnoy
of Agricultural Societifs ; the characteristics pr..j,er
for membershij) in view of usefulness; the apathetic
condition of frirniors, and tho means iM'st c;il(ulat<'<l
to enlist their sympathies in behalf (.f iniprovrnipnt
— subjoining some brief remarks on the practice ef
faianing.

The Advantages of Agricultural Soeietic> li.ive,
from (^xperieiiro and oh-ervation, been impr-MHl
Ujion niv mind for a series of veai's. A\'liere.soevor
I sojourned in I*ennsylvania, and with whomsoever

T oon\'ors<'il I'M » I'l ! »1.^ /iC rw, .i >,i-i>l »■ .. << .... .t.^ »:,. . *i,^ „v
* ■ 1 ■ . . . . -i I 1 1 1 _■ I lit" px-

pe(liency of establishing them throughout the State,
my inl1uen('t> was directed to that object. Tle-e So-
cieties i ('iinsidcrcil Hot only as n<»eessarv to the im-
provemmt of the hiisliandry of the localities whore
th(\v might be fornieij. j.iit to further the grand oh
ject of a State Agricultural Society, embracing and
commanding the combined tahnt .iiid experi(»nce of
the County Associati(»ns, and ea{table of .liffusing a
spirit of improvement in culture and !ni^b;ni Iry
throHLdiout the whole Irngth and breadth of the
Oomiiionwfalth. 'fhe eftcrt ni' such an orirani/.atiun
1 belicM'd ^V(lMld be. ] tiania I'i Iv . to inci'easc' the pro-
ducts of the sud, and to rh'\ate the (diaractor of the
liu diuicliiiaii : aii<!. stcondly, to be a means of ini-
])r('\i)i'i- the rmaie-ial c< mcriis «d" the State, by ona-
l)ling the tax -payei-s, the farmers, to bear their hur-
dens with greater ease and con \ rniencr, from increapo
of jirofits, growing out of a condition (d" iniiir^ved
practice in farming — whiidi improvement, in my
mind, could only be efl'ected by a c(»ni!)ined ( fiert,
through the medium of a v^tate Societv. The impulse
thus to be given, would tend to bring iinder profitat'!^
cultur(> the waste or neglected lands, to tiie ad\;iM-
tage of their owners as wtdl as the public — enh:iii'«'
their value to a highfold state— capacitate th'iii to
propoi-tioiiate taxation, and, by this means, diminish
the rate to the ]>ayers on oM imjtroved laiuls, hv rea-
son of tiie addition of the m-\vl\ -!ni)>ro\rd lands be-
ing subjected to taxation on an iiirrea-ed \alue. This
increas(\ aiul increasing operation of the material to
be taxe«l, while it lessens the rate, }>\ dividini: indi-
vidual burd(>u, seenuMl to me the saCe<t an<l surest
basis of revenue to be reli(>d upon bv the Coiuiuen-
wealth for the cxtinguishincnt of its debt, compatihle
wiili progressive prosperity to all industrial classes.
Ill eMiitemplating the benefits to accruo from a
com bin oil rtfort in favor ^ if Agriculture, and the means
by whiidi it could be (dl'ecte*!. the weahii and influ-
ence of liancastcr county, so ])roverl)ial at all times,
could not fail to lead me to I'egaivl its mo\ing in the
cause as essential to success. 1 1 ii liejto, " The I'ld-

ADDllESS.

Mr. Presi(Jenf and Gentlemen of the Lancaster Connti/

Agricultural Society:

Had 1 been called upon to address an assemblage
of citizens of Lancaster upon any subject other than , .au.e a. .-..senua. .o success, niinerto, - xue i .-
one tailing within the purview of your Soeietv, I ladelphia .A-rieultural Societv 1 r rr.,moting Agri-
should, from conscious inability, have shrunk from | culture," had labored singlv and alone in the work,
the performance of a task that could not fail, if at- i and having its shoulder at' tho agricultural wheel,
tempted, to pace me in a position of great embarrass- could, with a good grace, call upon others for
mtnt--an embarrassment not to be overcome by any help to move it from tlie rut of apathy in which
resolution 1 could summon to sustain me, under the ' it had so long been imbedded. That call was

craciously responded to by almost every county in > farmers themselves, lew Agricultural Societies would
the SUvte, aii<l l>y none more cordially than Laucas- ' be formed or carried on with the zeal, tact and ener-
t<»r. H'^r broad shoulders were put with a will to gy nec»^ssary to tlieir jtrogrcss and usefulness; and
the maidiine. w hi, h wis noon seen t>> ni .vf^ ;in 1 r 11 tfiis must be apparent to <>very (d. server who ha^ had
onward to H nrisburg, the er titre o{ the State, where the opportunity (tf acfpiainting himself with the re-
last danuarv It was dedicat- I t- the work of Agri- tiring habits of the tillers of the soil. Therefore, it
cultural i>r(^gress. \our .-hare, g. ntlemen, in this is not only expedient, but indispensabh' to the ad-
achicvement, was in every respect worthy of your vanc^^meut of th(» cauxe, that Agricultural Societies
noble countv; and your Society, wdii»di I now have should rank am«)ng their nuMubers men rt»spectable
the honor to' address, exhibits a striking evidence of j an<l distinguished of whatever profession. It needs
the deermination of Eancaster t persevere in the no argument to demonstrate the a<lvantages to be d•^-
creat uuilcrtakiiej. nel tin id lies a guarantee that so rived from the co-of>eration of su«h men.
far as it depends up in h r. the work ' ('progress will T > iibi-Mate, ht»wever, the benefits that Iiave been
]>o carrieil cii with /.eal and fidelity. I r"t«"at
I >-\>v thought that no State A'^rieidtural S

(•uilld lie etfeeted Ulltil LaUea-fer lUoVed ill tlc

f, ;• ; and It i^ e(|uallv (dear to niv e.invietl"ns
^o lar a-' I'-astern l*enn-\ 1\ aiiia is (Mneenif

conferr-d up ii Agric'ulture bv the :tl. .r- .d* profes-
siMua! 'j^'Mt hiiitii. I iieeil hut r< fert^ tic riiihid-lidiia

id eii-.-'i- tlii'Mti-h a pi I'li'd

'P
I

>ocietv, anu Its vii, ■(■.-.,-
of le-arl v -'N - lit \ \ far-.

' t h;it tim

the ;frfat>r p;irt

and tahnt' d d \\-\j<' I'-'ters and N

1 m:i v saf"! v -;i v. that it w :i- .,\\

and iiifhiences, with

farmer., th.it

1,..

■ tlii

1.

I ! I II ! . I - led i ! ■ • : and

n '_: t I t leir 1 d'-ir'J

!.<r respectable »dti/eii-, le-t

Ce

\\>' i 'th.i' .\ LTrieuliuril Society such
ifit V. 'I • I this d;i \ if f\hi'.ir< ,.|i, its \\^\ of mem-
individuals of the me JiimI and h-i^al jtrofessions,

and of tiie commercial «'oinninn!ly, who prove them-
selves ztniloiis and useful member-', h diould, how-

tlia'

e 1 1 ■ r \,-

mat-

thaf

. the

Si.ite Soeietv iiiust lan'_:iii-h, unless Lanea-tei-.
t iiriU'j:!! i'- .VuTicultiiral Soeietv. lends to it the eMm-
mandin^ inihenec of it> name and eieTL'ii s. 'fhi-
niust be cone'did, I thud;. h\' all who are e. .ii\er-aui
with ln'r !i'-ition and (diaraeior a- a farmmj di-tnet.
The relation she h'-ir- to ^ (.»rk, < 'iiniherland. l>an-
phin and ll^rks, t hioii-h associat ion-^ id net rietv
and filial regard, caniioi hut remh.r her acti n of the
ntm ■'* ••Mportan''e. li'-:' - !:; :nenes«i. hit!-' ft •. v.as ever, bo remarked, that the ixre.r ! cdk of f h" .'^^oeietv
held bv many in other sections as excuse for holding ' at all timi»s was made up id' those owning and living
back, while she stood still. Thi- was «"ause of reirret upon tarnn.

to several oi h'l- own eheri-ln d «'itizeii-. am n.:; t'n m Tie id r^ ndered by literary and professional men
the venerate! Kii'Mon n Ton v noii \ ":. who correspond- in carrying out the design of the Society, was let
ed with me, and ^\ h > has been translated from an the only benefit growing out <d the association of
earthly* to a lieav«'nly Parailise, to receive the re- characters so apparently opposite in their habits and
ward of his many virtues. If he were living, how it ' manners as the rustic and the p"dished gentleman.
Would rejoice him to witness the seen-' in whi(di we ]tv no means. A coinnumitv of ietdinj/ as W(dl as
are now permitted to partiidpate. lie. wdth man v ff in^'ere^f spruno; up between them, tlirough tlie me-
ofhi.-> ven-'-a!'!" cot. un orarie-. ha-^ Imi n "-atler-d to diuin o[ ihe intereourse establisluMl at the meetincTH
the great llarse>L 11 nie where we ail mu-f h • _Mrner- oft' Society, held for a special purpose — "the [>ro-
ed; but Lancaster still, as ever, abounds w iih ! d orers moting of agriculture." The reciprocal advantaires
capable of carrying (m the irood work. \\\\ e, iintv to b<«th classes were soon strikingly mainfest. The
of the State 111 I \ be (dialhn j:« 1 t' present a greater hand that held the jdoni:;h no longer de>jiised tho
array of gifteil minds than Lancaster can point to hand that held the pen, since it began to perceive
among her citizens — men eapahl' of tilling ev(»rv sta- that it w i- not s(t idle nor so useless u hand as ha<l
ti(»n in whi(di talent, patrioti-^in. a'ld sterling worth been supposed. The cultivator of the soil and tho
aro d-'em-d pr'■r.•.|n!-i^'-■. Surilv. tlen. if will not chop]>er 'A' wood began to think the eultivatftr of
1"' a-kiie.1 to., nnirji of them, to huid the intiie-nei ,d'
ihrir nanc'- to tic eau-e in whieh we are eml.a'-k"d.
.Nlost i,t ih-'in ha\e iMep, broinjlit np on farm-, or
in _\. iith min-led in the ««eeiu'>, of rnral lit-, and

1

iiavi

it eann 't be Put their youthlnl ree(dlect ions, a- \S''
a- a in-t appr-eiali .n of tie* lahor- of the hn-han

'in \\ it h Vou in ri'd' i ndn

man. will iieliiio t le in to i,

;p.|'e(di an 1 I hol>per of lo'_:ie not so (^onteniTitible a- be
hai ini iLriii"'!. -ineo he !iad so freijnently heard him
.xplain, with force and fid<dity, primdples whieli iio
h;!i:-el! iiii Icrstood and maintained, but conld not
louuiei, 1 or establish, from havinir thou;rht the fa-
.ulfv ot -peindi not worth cultivating, llewassorrv
to thiMJ;. th it while he kept everv implement on the
tlie tiiiu', and m pun :n/ the agri Mil! me ■ f your coun- farm bright and in good condition, using them treely
ty in fact, where it ever was su[tposed tobe. in the when occasion required, he had iiegleeted, one im-
first rank. And hero piTmit me to sav, that so far plement, the tongue, it liaving lioen »M>nsi(hred of lit-
as regards the prosperity id" your Scn^iotv, and the tie service upon the farm, and tlierefore siif?ered to
advancement of the interests it wa^ instituted to pro-' rust for want (d' us(\ On the other hand, tho man
mote, it should bo your aim to i,,\ k- tic aid and ; of tact and talent discovered, that though his taciturn
countenane." ot'-ueh neri. I alhiji to -gentlemen of | fdlow member was n(»t fluent in speech, yet he said
the learned professions, and otln r imelli.'.-nt .and in-' mm h in a few words, and froquentlv with grace de-
uential cUiZ(Uis, not specially engaged m farmiu"'-. ferred to him. i- when his niipraeticed adversary
The great body of f irmors, those whose sphere of ! maintained an opposite opinion, founded in ex|.ori-
action is eircum.scribo<i within the limits of the fi. Ids ^^^^ '^"'^ J^^'"^ Judgment. Moreover, the man of po-
they cultivate, however naturally stron^ in good ! ^'''^^ ^^'^ learning could not but perceive, ].erhap8
ionse and understanding, are, from tludr^habits of ' ^^^^ '^ ^'"^ burnishing bestowed on him had been
<piiet and seclusion, averse to placing thom.selves in ' P^^^''^" ^ ' ''''' ^^^^'"'b' tlnaigh unassuming opp.,nent. he
Btations. oven in an Agricultural ""Societv, which ' ^*'"''' ''■^^'^' '.^''.^'I'^P'!'^ a brighter and de-p.-r lustre
might .lemand tho exhibition of capabilities Vommen-
Furato with the duties of the places their associates

would gladlv see them fill. Hence, if the founding
and eondu«>ting a society were to depend upon the

•Hii rciidence wui in Paradite. Lanca«ter county.

than that which he himself reflected : and that though
the farmer might be defi<'ient in head, according to
the " cute, go-ahead principle," yet that deficiency
was atoned for in the largeness and goodness of tho
heart that God had implanted in his bosom, and whiidi
had never been permitted tj rust, but was ever ac-

14

MR. GO\VF,\'F^ ADDRKRF^.

■f^fr'^'-T ■" — — *— -«*■>.--— -■.^^»- ■■•-«-•*- '-r«M.m»^'„^mj.m^wff

fApRlL,

1852.]

.;rnvr.\'s AnDnrs?^.

15

tlve in the works of true benevolence and genuine
hospilality, and in the exercise of the best 8ympathies
of our nature, intuitively kept in phiy by its own gen-
erous disposition.

The seemingly dissimilar points of charact(;r of
these respective classes gradually became modified
thro' contact and association, and inspired confidence
in each other, whi e every joint efl'urt to promote the
cause for which they had associated, im}>ued all with
a better understanding of the principles of rural
economy — making of one, amateur agriculturists,
of the other, enlightened practical farmers — each
class contril)uting, in their respective spheres, to tlie
advancement of the theory and practice of a.^ricul-
ture. This conventional feeding led to indivi<lual in-
timacy, higliiy beneficial to tlieir ii/ij.i'M\< m .nt. The
}>rofession:il or nKM-cantile gcnt!i'!!i;iii would make:
visits to the dwellings of his f. 1! .w-nienih.r.s tiie
farmers, where he was received uitli kindness and
becoming hospitality. Here the love i-l' rmal luir-
Huits, imbibed at the meetings of the Society, \\;e^
h^'ightened ])y all he saw around nini. T!h' ihioin-
tcnding and commodious farm-house — the noble barn
— the well-kept garden — the ample orchard — the
shady trees — the beautiful meadow — the finely culti-
vated fields — the rich pastures, with the sheej» and
cattle, could n<»t but call forth the oft-repeated ex-
pression, that "God made the country and man the
city," and lead him to contrast tln^ peaceful scene be-
fore him with the bustle, din and dust of the throng-
ed mart, from Avhich he had esca])ed to breathe, but
for a sliort space, a purer atmosphere ; and to deter-
mine, whenever fittingopportunity occurred, to quit the
city, with all its conventiontil rules and artificial
modes, to spend the remainder of his days in the en-
joyment of the quiet and simple habits of country
life. And thus have many wealthy and influential
citizens been merge<l in the great family of agricul-
turists, adding weight, character and inllu(>nee to the
profession. The taste, enterprise and public spirit
of these gentlemen, led to making larg(» outlays in
improving land, experimenting in culture, erecting
fine buildings, ornamenting grounds, imi)orting choice
breeds of cattle, sheep and swine, and patronising
agricultural journals. These investments inured
more to the benefit of the countrv tlian 1^ ilie iii.'i\i-
duals by whom they were nial.'. ;io<l wcr.' mainly
undertaken in the s)>irit of a loliv ami u-aieroiK y.i-
triotism. The man m-)>t cnlii!'''! I" prai<<'. in
connection, in Pi'unsylvania, is doim llarr \\>v
Had his efl'orts been ]>roperly appr eial«d, ainl hi>
example followed in the selection and brecliuir of
cattle, it would have added to the value of the live
stock, beef and dairy products of the State some mil-
lions of dollars annually.

The illustration, so feebly sketched as it has been,
in reference to the benefits accruing to the cause,
through an union of individuals of different callings
and professions, will serve, however, I trust, to show
the propriety of some effort on the part of those who
think the promoting of agritailture c(»nnnendal)le, and
whos(> tastes, talents and patriotism fit them fur the
work.

In view of the great necessity for such combina-
tion, it is only rccessary to glance at the condition
of the working farmer, and tlie impediments that na-
turally prevent him from devising or pushing forward
any ]dan promotive of increase of profits with less
toil, or the elevation of his obscure or humble voca-
tion; for be it rememlx^Ted, however poetry may gild
or invest his calling with charms, it is, in plain and
truthful pn)se. one of depressing drudgery — excluding
the mere farmer, from habit, as well as from the pre-

judice of fashionable society, from taking rank with
members of many other professions in the scale of
gentility. This position I would fain ameliorate if
not avert — and to that en^i I would invoke the aid of
every able and generous uiinl aruund me.

The isolated positi(m of farmers generally deny to
them the opportunities and advantages of social in-
tercourse and means of improving enjoyed by almost
every other industrial class. The mechanic, witb
entire ease and convenience, may and does associate
daily in the same shop, or weekly or monthly iu the
society room, wiili liis fellow-artisans, in any village,
town, or city. S<j of the manufacturer. The lawyer
and ]i!i v-^ician, from tlie nuture of theii lumtions/are
evtT within (^r nii<ier each oiler's eyaml tliatoflli(>
public, wliib' stru;:gling i"or di^iinriion, whicli scrvrs
to vumnlate to renewed cH'ort, .should tln-N |i.mi'<'> fur
a moment in tlieir emulous raieer. Tin; eoiuitrv
trader is kept e\ti'liv(dy w ait inir ujion bis customers,
while bis skill is ta-k-'d in the M-i'-etion of supplies
>uiied i'» lb 'ir want-, and to _\iol'l a lair prolit. Thi;
merehaiit i>ridie\ed Ironi l!ie t"dium ot t li^' couiitiiifr

hoU-e

ju'i-in

1. 1

bv ajip'-arln;:; on 'idiaii'^e, amiing the enter-
« la-> that daily crowd ihat animated scene
of eommcrce and sipeeulation. .\li ba\e means an^l
incenli\es peculiar to tii'lr pur-nits, v\ bich instruct,
inspire, and gra*'*" ' '^ ■ ' -o v,;i!i the unpret(Mi'Iin::
habitant of the farm, w hoso constant and unroiuit-
liie'- labors Conllne liim wbolls to the b.irn, the t^ia-
ble, and the field, lie has but few oji|Matunities of
associating even \\'\[\\ tho- ' ol" bis own calling, mucfi
less with others better versed than himself in the
ways of the busy world. Kach day so spent lessc"
the desire to look abroad, or change in any respect
his practice or routine, and thus he settles down in a
state of apathy, apparinOy in -ri-ilde to theneces.^ity
of impro\r!n«Mit, \\i\ 'I'i wiib ii- w it b. 'rings, num-
bers him with I 111' ( lutl> — with wbiih, w liile liviuj:.
he seemed litile more than ;i lit a--vociate.

In drawing this sketch, let m ■ not be understood
as designing to disparage the calling of the farm r,
or to impute t" the simple a-nd inoffensive swain
autrht that would cast a shadow on his brow, or a
blemish on the spotless integrity of hi- nnso}thi!?U-
cate<l nature: i'ar lie it IVom me. A worthier ulutiv^'
m(,\.'< mi' to call \:Mii- attonti'ii to tiie condition ot
the tiiou-;ands that uneomplainini:! v t^il on.duyaltt-r
dav, bowed in bo.iv ami spiiit by inee->ant, ami in
ii;.'neral unr'anuneratin'j; labm
oULi'i'r able ti» bear it, the sane'
on tie' -bouhb'i'- < i' tlie'.r .-on-.
b\' 1 heir iat brr-^ vipon \ hi'>n-'l'
lhi> l"ad. 1 hat 1 I bus appi'al to
thies of their more enlightened brethren, the enter-
prising and intelligent farmers of Penn.sylvania, ei
wdiom I am certain she holds within her rich ami
beautiful domain as many nv>ble specimens as any
State in the Tnion can boast. To them 1 would es-
pecially ajipeal to advances tlie « haraeter of thi'ir pro-
fession, and promote the inlluenee oi' the landed ni-
terest, ai d to plae<! the husbandman in the positi(»n
he should 0 eupy in the scale of intelligence, and »n
the consideration due to him morally, physically ami
politically.

1 1 neiy be asked, how can this be done? I answer,
by educating liberally the rising generation ; by en-
couraging and patronizing the Agricultural Pres.*',
thereby sowing broadcast, as it were, the seed of >'j'
formation, so that every farmer may be prvjviilcd witlj
a crop, if not for reaping, at least for reading; amj
by holding Agricultural Exhibitions, in which ad
should participate, either aa contributors or specta-
tors. But these plans cannot be carried out without

• — shiCtinj-. wlK-u uo
nndimiui^lii'd bura''ii
whi. h bad beiMi ea?t
OS. It i- to lighten
the generous synipii-

^'1^

a cnmbined cliort through County Associations an
State Society. The State Society is forme.l, l>Ait so-
cieties suchVs yours should be maintained by everv

0

county. AVhen every county shall have its Agricul-
turarSociety represented in'the State Society, it will
then be easy to carry out the necessary plans for the
improvcnn'nt of the whole.

The most feasible an<i practical plan to arrest the
attention of the farmers of the present day, and call
them forth from their solitude to mingle in the in-
teresting and stirring scenes of competition and di.s-
plav is the Agrienltural Exhibition and Cattle Show.
It was h(dd by the venerated Ju<lge Peters, already
ulhnled to, that one good Agricultural i.\bibition
was of more avail in stirrim: up th ■ ileinatit oner-
<'ies of the careless and in idl'tri nt birni' r, t b m all
the essavs ever writ ton. In tni-. o\rry intelligent
man, ha\itig exp' I'i'MMc. in -mh m.ttt'-i-. must con-
cur. !1,\N c.in lb"--' \>'' rrirji.-d w'm wi!! not read —
who, from haldt, wouhi '{• 'in it a ha; :■ r i b i . turn
over a few pages tb.m a- mmy t inrows'.'' When,
therefore, prec<']'^ fails to b.- :i\ailable, we must ndy
upon example. 1 ite Agricultural Tair and Cattle
Show jire as cabalistic words, operating magii'all/

d a sire to have fine pastures, well-tilled fields, good
fences, comfortable stiibles, large manure heaps, and
heavy crops, all of which being compatibb* and in-
dispensable to the position he desigu.s in future to
hold among his spirited brother farmers ; and henco
lie will beconn^ a useful man in his neighborhood,
stirring up by his example the apathetic and careless,
who, witnessing the results conse<[uent upon his skill
and energy, cannot fail of being stimulated to adopt
a similar practice. Here, then, is one of the many
advantages resulting from Agricultural Exhibitions,
one whiidi my own experience and obser\ation have
fully confirmed. ^\ hat has rendered the agriculture
of New York of late years so prominently con-^pieu-
ous among her sister States, but her well estabb^ii. d
Airricuhural Societies — which, through a spirited ef-
fort mi i' a; fii-'t by a ("•■a' notable and patrii»tic indi-
vidmils, persevero i ;a under many disiouragiiv^ i-.v-
cumslances, nrovcd f^u successful, that tiiere is not a
county I believe in the Empire State that is n(»t im-
pressed wifb the seal and attestation of the boneticial
efTet'ts of Agricultural Assoi'intions — wliilethe whole
United Slates views the Annual Exhibition of the
New York State A;rricultural Societv more in the

upon the curiosity of the farmer — impelling him and I light of a national affair, in which all feel a just

his family to go, where everybody is expected to go,
to see such si^rhts of horses, cattle, sheep and swine,
agricultural jtroducts and implements. \\ hat book
or essay could be half so interesting and instructive
to su<di a man, as the broad and varied |>a'j;e ]ircsent-
ed to him in the imposing tableau of a well arranged
exhibition ? Here are living pictures of animals that
bn'athe and move — aye, sp<'ak in tones and language
more (do(piently and fbrcildy to his comprehension
and appreciation, than anything you (»r 1 could say
or write. These noble horses, of various degrees ot
excellence in action, blood, bone and site w. rivet his

pride, than a mere State institution. Ohio, our west-
ern neijihbor, i- ftdlowlng with rapid strides the ex-
ample >iew York has set. So with Maryland, who
has entered tin? field, determined to wreathe her
brows with a leaf from the })alm of distinction.

With these animating examples before her, it
would have ill liccome l*ennsylvania, with all her
acknowledged capabilities to compete with the great-
est and the b«»st, to fold her giant limbs and look on
unmoved, an unconcerned sj'Cctator of this race of
progress, and not make one invigorating bouinl to
keep them in condition, or by way of sl)(»wing that

attention, and bring him to think and company them j neither one or many States c(.uld {make a patriotic

with the dull unsightly lieasts up«»n his farm, that
Consume so large a portion of his corn, oats and hay,
without an equivalent, and his conclusion will be.

demonstration, without Pennsylvania ]»artici|>ating
in it. State pride, and every enobling impulse that
nature in her finest mood puts in play, could n«»t but

that the next colt he raises shall be an animal worth i urge her to contend, now. as ever, for precedence in
looking at, worth liis feed, and worth money when he j whatever can exalt, dignify, or adorn I Im)>elled by

these aspirations, she stood nobly firth at her capital
the 1»e;:inning of the last vear, and entered the li.dd

wants to jiart with him. Then there are the bulls,
cows, heifers and calves, ofvririous b''e.>d<. under his
eye and within bis reach — l> irhams, A \ i-.-hir' -. I>e-
von- and .\ 'id.aac'vs — each eh ■, 1 1. ai" in -• e. ani 'ari<i^n

in size, beautv, haniiing, feedin- and milkinj-. II

ma Sm['
'■ \ in U''

exanunes, compares, a:

n'ures an opinion upon 1

(jf competition, under the title of "The I'-nn-ylva-
.\"-rieulrur d "^ 'cietv." ai i in th" name of
Ld ir\a.n! Independence." Her Agricul-
tural Exhibition lasr tall showed she was j)erfectly
in earnest ; and if it d d not prove iier in advance of
her sister States, it demonstrated she was not far be-

respectives ones, and anxiousK await- t'lo a\\ard of

the judges, to learn \\]u tb-r b.'" i- au\ tliin j of a judge

hims'df tlirouizb their decisi»)n. -h .nil :' or should it i hind tho^e who had gone the farthest. j'he cause

not tally with his opinion as atfectini:: his favorites j which has been (dierisluMl f.ir a'^es by tb.e most en

in the matter of promiums. He turns to the shcc'p,
swine, poultry ami implements, whiidi serve to keiq)
up t\\o interest he felt on enterinu^ the show grounds.
He is astonished, not bewildered, because he knows
the u.se and meaning of every thing. He is onlv sur-
prised that animals and things so common and famil-
iar to him, slnnild have been brought to sucdi per-
fection— should hav(» undergone such extraordinarv
change, and he should not liave known it sooner.

What effect may it besupposed tliis lesson will exert
upon his future practice? None other than ab.neficial
one. The emulation implanted in the breast of every
right-minded man will inspire him to make an effort
to ])roduce things equal to what lie has seen, so far
as stock is concernci!, an<l to hope that at some not
distant period he will return to sucli a scene, not only
as a mere spoctator, but as acontrihutor andcomj-ct-
itor. Once this resolve is made, a new era dawns
upon the condition of his farm— for who would have
tiue cattle, bheep and swine, but would naturally d

e-

li.^htened nations is Wi)rthy of Pennsylvania; and it
sh<aild be our ardent di sire, that for the character of
the State, tlie honor an*! prosperity of her citizens,
our good (d<l Commonwealth should gain for herself
an imperishable name, in rai.sing to the highest rank,
through a generous and liberal p<dicy, the peaceful
and interesting pursuits of agriculture — that she
may be the victor in the race now being run. and be
crowned with a ihajdet, more to be prized, than ever
decked the br*»w of the most successful warrior of
the tented field !

From tlu^ rank which it w.is my pride to a.«jpire to,
and to wh'ch 1 may in S(.me degree claim to liave at-
tain(»d among those who havt* laboretj to pn mote ag-
riculture, it may b.» expected that 1 sluuld speak of
the principles of scientific culture in connection with
chemistry; but were I competent to tin* insk ii would
be of <louh(ful expedieney to inve.^t*gi*e or lelln" up-
on prineiple*^ of science on an occas on lik * tlie prt\s-
cnt. But a mere pertinent rcawn may bj given, a

16

MR. GOW'KN'S ADDRESS.

[Al'RIl^

»»*'IJWI*1 w

wniMwi —^■■c*Br»w«

reason quite satisfactory to myself that 1 shouM i.-t
attempt it, and that is, I am so deficient m the sci-
ence that 1 shouhl only render myself ridicu ous, did
I undertake to elucidate the elements and a-ents
which nature 80 mystically employs m the i.n.cess
of ve-etation. They alone are competent to unfold
Its mysteries who have devoted their time and tal-
ents in acciuiring a knowledge of its prmciples an<
laws throu-h scientific research and plnloseph.eal
experiment-the graduates of the laboratory. lor
my poor ])art, I must be content to worship at a dis-
tance ; nit during to enter tlw; t.^i.!'', n.to w!.o..-
portalH the initiated only sh.mld rhn.. adm.^Hou.^-
Biit there are matters and thii^gs witlim o.ir ivach
and comprehension whirh, without being presumptu-
ous, we may rlaim the ri<rht to tm.eh, handle, and
understand •, 1 mean the simph^ practice ol every (hiy

husbandy. .^ , p

Before entering upon lliat, permit me a w.^rd of

warning, not irrelevant to our object. All expon-
ence has shown that no .r,scov(M-y ni sei.n.-o or phi-
losophy has been ma.U', but xNas put in jc.pardv so
soon as it had (dainicd s..medcgnr oi pupularitv, by
Pretenders and (Jharbatans. 1 vvould then, for th.
sake of the cause fi.r wliich you have associatrd, and m
which I have spent time, money— 1 wdl no say tal-
ents but such abilities as 1 could connniiid from a
too scanty stock, earnestly adnwn.shynu n..t b. coun-
tenance the speculative quacks, who, l-i- ni^v ucre
and ccmtemptible notoriety, will spring np, rHy.ng
upon the easy credulity of others and thc.r own bra-
zen eftrontery, and profess to teach and lecture upon
Bcientific agriculture. AVc have seen of late s^ad
specimens of professors, hesides those who lately fig-
ured in Clairvoyance, Provision, Ivetrovision, M.'s-
merism, IMireno^Magnetisn., Tsycholn^v, and other
mysterious oh)gies and isms, ^^ ln,h, .k.'liNc coals
blown to cinders, have been putb-d i^ dratb bs th.<..
pliilosophic Ixdlows-blowers. And n -w, since ^>cien-
tific Agriculture is getting into vogue it woidd not
surprise if some of these ''wise men" would turn
thi'ir mother-wit to profitable account by tuir.inu-
their hand to teaching Vegetable rhi.vsiMl,,.:y ;ind
A^-ricultural Chemistrv. If tb.'v >Unul\, and meet
wbb the least encourau-n.-ni. It \m11 retard tliciin-
pruvcment you and other true :n.d di^Mitrrested in. mi
have essayed to advnnee. Why ? I^..M-ause it e:tnn..t
])e disguised that ami.n- the -en.'rality ot ianner<,
there fs a distrust m1 tlie means r.-eiled tu tbr..u,-li
the press, appealing t.. ileir re.i>-n and -nod sen^(>
in well authenticated facts and result^. be;,r;n- upon
their practice, Avhieh, from the pr.>iu.lic" a-amst
** Book Farming," they are prone to not heed ur
credit. If these Pretenders get loose among them,
they will sicken and surfeit them to h.athing, by
technical jargon and arrant quackery. Besides, wlm li
is most to ))e feared, the truly well educated pr..jes-
eor whose services would be of the iiimM>t ben. 'lit te
the' cause, wdll, through self-respect, refuse to ofiici-
ate as '' Professor of lUiral Economy," when he per-
ceives the title has been assumed by others through
impudent pretensiim, and the station defiled by the
sheerest hum],uggery. This is not all : the h'gisla-
ture to whom we look for aid in furtherance of Agri-
cultural l^iducation, might, when appealed to, be_ di-
verted from the imp(>rtance due to its consideration,
should some clever member, not having the fear of
(iod before his eyes, but the manner in which these
self-styled professors perform their functions,turii the
whole' sul>ject of Agricultural Education into bur-
lesque and ridicule. For these and many other co-
gent reasons, it behooves the friends of Agriculture
to protect it from every taint and speck of quackery.

'i'iiat Agriculture is largely ind(d>ted to the seioncf^
of Chemistry, is but a feeble acknowledgment of

the ))en('fits already coiifen-c*! up,-!! it. And to .suv
that much more is yet in reserve for it from the samC
l)enehcent and abundant source, is less presinnr,tiv»>
than authoritative; for, from what has been douo, it
is {dain that more can and will be more ably done.
Ivesulls suggest results, and ever will, till mind ami
matter shall be wholly resohcd, and time be n.j
more !

Since the (h>velopments made by 1/iebig, in tho
applleatinn ni' ( h'ganic (.'hemistry to Agricultun^ and
Physiology, mighty etlin-ts. iiiMldubt, aie iKMiiginafle
l)y chemists in l-urope and in this coMnlry upMH tlicsp
ami kindred sul)jects, whieh must gi\e to A;j;)'icul-
ture results at once pra»,'tical and miraculmis. 1 huvo
read or heard it somewhere stated, t\vu\ ere lonir it
will not surprise* to see as mmdi manure coiujirr.ssed
within the coin])ass of a pocket liandkei\-hi(f a^^
ANonld be sufficient to dress an acre oi" ordinary land
for growing wheat. Notwithstanding the eMididcurc
I have in science, 1 must say, that when this shall
ha])pen, there \Nill ])e ;i dc(lin(; in the price of farm
horses and working oxen ; and without meamngto be
irreverent, would pray to be helped in my iiiiltolii'f.
IJut our doubts are not a prooi' that the tiling is im-
possible, fi)r many of us are old enough to have wit-
nessed acliievenent-! in science now so perfectly fa-
miliar to our ajiprehension as not to (diallengo our
special wondei". which, belbre having been prai-tical-
Iv di'inonstrated, aj)pearetl as visi(;nary, as that a
handkcrcdiief full (d" fertilizing ingredients would ai
no very distant day be found sufficient to manure an
acre of ground.

"When bulton. wim was boi'ii in your countv. first
d(>si;i;ned to supplant \Nind. sails aic! Cordage, by
navitratiu"- with .steam, what iai;!i wmuM it have n.^
quired then to have bilieN^d tliaf st, am shoiilJ in
sn brlei' a space, less tlian the length of our own
lleelin;! dav. dri\e winirles.s ships across the Atlantic
in ten or tde\en davs ; or that in a shorter period,
the ^ra^s Would be i^rowini: i>ii \nur great turnpike.
wlcr,', but a-^ hiiely. innuiierable Conestoga wa«;cns
lumbered alongwith tic proibiets of your industry
to the I'hiladelphia market : and hea\y I'mir h()rse
sta"-es carried von o\ (T that I'oad to the cnyinthe
prodigious short sp;ice oi" one day. allowing time t.-r
the best br(>aklasts and dinners at tln> ta\e!n^ ever
j)assen"'ers were comlorted with. A\ hen that is com-
pare(l with the rajiidity e\i'ry thingwhiski 1 over the
same distama^ now on the railroad, by I'uhnTrs agent.
Steam, not allowiiiLT time to benet an aniH^tite for a
morsrb nor l"..r a glance at the beautiful farms thro
\N hich we are sieamed with giddy velocity, it is enough
to bring the tears into eyes like mine, when rennni-
st^ences oi" the Lancaster Turnpike crowd upon tho
memorv. rcmindiiej:; us oi' the niutability oi liiniian
aifairs ! 1 repeat, what degree ol' laitli WMiild it have
required to have believed that those things would
C(»mt> to pass, when your neighbor Robert 1 niton,
was nuMlitating tlndr accomplishment? A^ hy, ii
would have needed the faith that could remove moun-
tains to have assented to the ])are possibility that
such things should ever be. And what of the MiV!^*
iietic Telegraph, and numerous other things that
cause <dd l"nlks to think th.at th-y n . l-nger in-
habit the same world in whirh they were born?
(conclusion in our ne.xt number.]

Chickens are now sent from northern Ohio alive,
to the New York market, wdiere they sell for .'U) tooU
cents a piece. We have known them, says The PloV!,
to be a drug in the Ohio market at 50 cents a doaen.

I-.VJ ]

TIIK iMbCLTltV YAIlIb

17

(Tlic }Joaltnj ^}(ix^.

liKN <:uClv GAMK I'nW b.

The following letter from Mr. \). Taggart to Dr.

Kerr, in relatir.n tn the peculiar variety of Game

Fowls in his possession will be read with interest:

Accidental (qualities may be transmitle<l from pa-
rent to child, as tie' i'H .wlie.r will show.

A friend ^A^ mine, the late jichert (Iranf, owncni a

Two years ago, T purchased, from a gentleman in

Bloom-dairL', a very (tdd looking Chicken, a rullet
four or \\\r In .iiths ,,M. 'fh"i!;_di verv small, wei^h-
iug nnw n t ni -i-i' than twn p ainds, (see I'ortrait,)
she lias the ;q.jearancr and idiaracteristics uf Dr.
Ib'imett's Wild Indian (lame H-n, i^xcept tho vast
difference in size. I was stru k witli tln^ resemblance.
She is firmdlcslietl, short-feathered and almost comb-
less ; and has \]v most peculiar gait I e\rr -aw. —
Ibr pertmacliy in sitting is most extranrdin ir\ . I

fine large breed uf ( binie Fw\n1.s — >hawl neck, or Tri-h ' will try to semi ynu her portrait, ll'^r lu-tl

grays: tlie Cocks wei'jjiine; seven panels. (>n" of "

his roo«ter«, wden a mere (diicken, stepped into the

fire, and rnasteil off his tof-miils. Ur fiardlv e\t r

got an ntl'spring that (lid not, ninre or less, show his

TKiri otaLT''. I'V defective toe-j. 1 prncun^l a cou jde of

iii- ]irnj;>nv. and luive the Ib-n vet. Her Chickens

nu

larger than IcT^.'If. was irnport"(I iV-m dilrutta.
And, thougli my I'lillet is th.- result I'f t'mssing witli

an <»rdinary (lame ('M-k, t!ie hr 1 i- so stromj; that

she resembles her nmther in all r.-^pe,-ts, an^l hei-vir,.
in nothin;^^. ^ ou may fnrm som.. .stiinate td'her
fighting blond, when 1 tell vou, that ( '^cks ma of her.

find f/rand-i'hirLrns have the same siL'iis. Is it not by a liooby. (th.' meanest . ."{ all -aHina-- .us aMil.Tesi
wonderful tliar a mer-- accident should thus mark at i or other IhniL^hill Fowl, ar.^ a lull !ii I'di i'^r nur bci
least fair -eneraiioiis / MJame Chickens.— /7u-v/; <(■ A'- •/•'v n. ^\ D, l'.,u''r>i

MR. D. ta(u;aht's iik\-cock camk fowls.

I

i5«u/r()\ (irvAv.oKcr.buLE fowl.

The \\ .Itnti Cray ■ r rj-.^l.. Fowl j*? <JometimPs call-
ed _ iMiich Fvcry-daydayers, Drncilld Dutch Fowl,
Chittaprats, d'c. They wero orii^inallv importci fp.ni
Ibdland t- F.olton, a t-uu in Lan.>a'shire. Fm-land
whence they ar. named. The ground color is pore
white, minutely shot or touched with black except
on the neck, -iving rise to the name CenciUed Fowl.
and from the irequencyof thei,. i,./,,,., p,.,.,,,,.),, ,,v..r
to Londnn by Kotterdam .steamers, they are c-alled
•Dutch IVncilled Knvl," or " Dutcir Kvcry.lay-
layers. A g.,od Cock of this brc.l may wei-di froin
four to four and a half pounds, and' a h.m fmm
three to three and half p,,und.. 1 f„umi ti,,,^
good layers bur b ,^,■ thought the K;^..s to be waterv
and innu r, lous. l/.r,.tetoa t"ri. nd who km,ws the
bow wed, hav.ng kept the variety for several years
and h.s reply js.-" Of the richness of Creo e I g-'
compared with those of le.ss prolific breeds 1 am
scarcely able to speak. Though 1 have owned Or^
0 08 for a dozen years, I have'^never made any c^rt
ful comparison. But, from analogy, 1 would infer

that an Fg^ w^uld jirnve rids in proportion as it was
■srn'ill, c auparcd \\'vA\ thf IF n tliat nr.Hbic' 1 it. < if,*-
ris paribus'. ACow.n>arly di-y. g>n>ra!!y gives mm h
riclcT milk than one that yields ubund iMtly,

" 'f he snperinritv of a ( 're -le 1 bn (]'»'<. na consist
as much in rnjnil as in r mlm^rj laying: >iie may
nnt proiluce a^ m iiiv Fg^rs in a m 'nth, a- s ,nie ether
kinds, but she will hiy nmre iu'iiiiIm in the year than
jirobnbly aiiv •■titer v;iri"ty. 1 have h id ('re< >le.s s»»?-
en nr ei'j;ht vars ..Id. tli<it iifrf^rhenunf ''rovf'/. and
which have laid, in that- time, at least six hundred
Hgg^ in this fashion: — First yc;ir, one hundr"! and
ei'dity or two hundr.MJ. Second, one hiindr. d and
fifU'. ' Third, one hundred to on.' hundred and \\\ .'iity.
Fourth, seventy or ei.j;hty. Filth, forty .-r fifty. —
J>ixth, eighteen nr twenty. Seventh, almost total ! ar-
renness. This statement slews the extreme folly of
keeping Hens after the third, or even tlie second year.
For, besides the great falling oflf in Kggs, they ar«
apt to prove infertile, when laid by superannuated
liens." — Dixon d* Kerr's Ornamental and Domestic
PouUry,

fJMMi

•mm^u^A X.'

Till-: POULT 11 Y YATn\

f \!'Hn.,

1 «.")? 1

rvj.

\ \i

1 1

!\ (

STIIAWUHRUIKS.

10

CllKOLT'S, OR lU)]/r()X CRAYS.

IJuddiii^ ilust'h.

The following, from that excellent work, " Buist's

Hose Manual," will doubtless prove interesting to our

lady readers;

BuDDiNr., within these few years ]);ist, ha^ -reatly
increased in nursery practice, aiul imihiplHtl thr
plants to a wonderful extent ; it is the iavniih- uu,<\c
with the French growers, and on the stock ^vl^K•ll they
use, plants will grow for half a century. I 1 ave scon
them in the neighlx^rhood of Paris, like large trees.

and does iK-t <^t'T.a:-at.' rra^lily. it is a y\^n the bud is
toool(], and it >l'i..u!d he rejected. ^\U>■u t'le wooli?
too old or too young, the shield may I e taken off unly
about oneKiuarter of the way througii the shoot, an.i
inserted into the stock with ait rrmuving the portion
of tlic v;ond it contains; this iiK^thod, ^Mrti^'ukdy
with vtrv vouoL'- slioots, is vrrv vU''fc--iiiL If it is

fit:;. 'J. 'fhe thin'ivory haiidh', cr hark ff the kuif*'.
should tlion ])o usod to raisr ih<' hark, as shown m
fur. ;;, and tho shield ins(>rtL'd within, -'nily prcs^m;;

lig. 1.

I'll

nt'ct's>arv to transjii>i"t th<' li\ids Mane di-^tancc, thu^
may hi' sat'clv (h>nohv taittin;:; a jMirtinu I'f the f^hnot,
and after strip] .in ;j; <i!f tlie folia.i:''. wrap it up in danip
moss, a few hirL'<' ha\>'^, or W't pa]n r, a.nd it may

ineni in uiu hiti^iimv'iuvvjv* ,,x . «..x,., ...... ..-.^^. \\\i'\\ h- k«'pt l'>r three or fmrihiy^. In ap]>ly.n|:;tli«'

with stems six inches in diameter, and hea-ls tlnrty j^^j^j , , ^j^,. ,.,,,.i^^ ;i,, inri--i..n i^ to'hr made lengthwavs*
feet in circumference. To cultivate th(Mn m .Mich . |}jj.^,i,-h th.- hark (hut m-t so a- to injure the wood.)
perfection they use every kind of onrioliiiiL^ matter, ' ^^^^^^^^ .,,j ji^^.j^ j,, hai-th, an<l this i^ to ho di;\fi;onally
which tle'V freely apply ovrry year. Ahnost ovory | ^.j,^^^^^.j .^^ the top hv anot'oer inriM.oi, as sIimwiiih

rose can b<' ]'r(^]Kri:atc(l hy hudtrmg: iioh'ed, 1 may j ' • " ,,,•.; ',..,..

say, tllate^'■^\ \ arirt v ran lif muUipricd in that way,
ami form handsome [dant ^. wh(>n on stron-- stoc!;s, m !
one year. Tor some of tho kinds it is the only re- j
sort, as they are diffieuh tn niana-.- hy eithor layer-
ing or grafting. Some of th" R.-rj). tual Roses rardy
form roots when laid, but bud freely. IbnldinLC may
be easily described so as to be understoo(l hy ih> ini-
tiated, but as it is to the unpractised liand that we
pretend to give our feeble instructions, w- will en-
deavor to omit no detail, even at tli<> risk ol hein;: too
minute. The operation may V)e perlormed with any
sharp t'hin-bladed knife, though one called a " hiid-
ding-knife," with a thin ivory handle, is best for the
purpose. It should be inserted about lialt' an imh
above the bud, and passing about one-third ..l the
way through the wood of the shoot, come out again
about the same distance below it, the cut being as
clean as possible. The portion of the bark in tlie
centre of which the bud is situated, is called the shield
and when removed it contains a portion <.f the wood.
which is to bo carefully removed with the pomt ul
the knife, as shown in figure 1;^' if the wood is dry,

* The Bengal, Tea, Bourbon, nml some other free growing; kinds)
may be siiccessfuUv budiled without removing the wood; in such
cases it is better to cut the bud a little thinner, and not so long ; in
this way they have been known to make a growth and flower
within six weelia after the operation.

it to tiie bottom of th > perpondieular incision: ^"t ■
it is pn^perlv plaerd, the p<^rtion of it above the dia-
gonal iT-.x, >lio.ihl he cut otf as in fig. 4, and g^' •
care should be tak. n that it is in close contact wi
the wood of the stock. AVhen this is done, bma m
with damp m .'ting, or cotton twist, all ^^^^,P\..
bud, (see fig. 5,) which must be left free to the ai^,

but protected from the ])owerful action of the sun or
wet, either of whicii would defeat the whole operation.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

In eight or ten days the success of the oporati. n w"l]
be known, an-i in two or three weeks th • I ir, lages
must b(; loosened, th<oi;:h not entindy taken awav.
From June to the middle of September budding mav
]»e done, choosing always cloudy weather : --r a few-
days after a h(\'ivy rain ; but for limif'^d [ -rations
any evening may be chosen, always following the in-
dication of the free parting of "the wood from the
bark, for if the bark does not rise with la ihty the
buds are liable to perish for v.:iiit -f ;. th;. MUjlvof
nouriNhment. T!ie buds should always he selected
from vig(n-ous voung wood that has never flov^•ered. —
Ahout the end of October the plant should be cut
down to within a foot of where the operation has
been performed, whi<'li will greatlv tend to str-n.^th-
on both tlie tree and buds that have tak. n. in H;m
following spring all the stocks shouM he deprived ef
their superfluous wood: observe, however, to leave
one 1)11(1 (,r eye above the inserted bui. v. k.ii will
greatly assist its growth lil! it !ia^ !aa<lea few leaves,
and IS fit to perform the functi..ns of vegetable life,
^\ hen the natural shoot must be cut off. As th. new
I'lant grows have it carefullv sup})urted, f.r one gust
of wind in a moment of time. wiU decapitate the most
cherished »)bject.

Id. Ih-..'ai
tran>piaiit' !

Inserts liijiiri«»us fo t!u- IJosc.
liruwuV TunnTa' a- i-i n > rv <ini[.le t. .rtahle ]u<'vu-
ment for the .i...rni li „, MW/,, , ,,.;/;, „, prevalent
amongst roses ; thu whole force eaii h- hnn^n.t to
bear upon any plant in any situation by covering the
plant with a .sheet, if against a fence, or when fullv
exposed, all roun<l : place a covering over it in the form
of a tent, then introduce th-Miozzle und^r the cover-
ing, and by a simple turn el ahanlie, tiie tobacco
smoke is delivered co<.l in a dense mas., anl ^^iththe
greatest safety in the hands of any operator. Th.
implement is also indispensible in fumh^uin.^ -reen
houses, wardrobes, ships or dwellings during epidemic
diseases. It can be used as well for purposes of per-
funung with lavender, cinnamon, or otlua- aromatic
lierbs. rin^ A'.,. //„., is another very destructive en-
emy which can be kept under by handpicking: thev
are found upon the tlowers as soon as open. Ther'e

IS also the tcorm that destroys the l.nd iw.r » •*

'"^^°''»^'^'y» "»^ oua before it opens.

A\o seldom obsone thU in the country, but in some

«oa,sons >t aboun.ls in the city or town Jard'n^ and

must be exurpatcd by the hand-iio, Tanual

Cultivaliuii oisi. ^w berries*
The foHowing practical directions in regard to the
cultivationfif the strawberry, and the selection of (he
best varieties, we copy from the horticultural depart-
ment of the (itnessee Farmer:

1st. The ground (if not done last autumn) must})e
trenche<l eighteen inches or two fe«'t deep, as soon as
it is «lry enouf:h to work, turning in a liberal supplv
of old well deeoinpos(><l manure — say at least a cart
loa<l to ;i s((uare riMl. AVhen the gn.und has been
trerielied tlius, it should all be tunned ovit a^aln, so
a- I ' pi;lveri/.e it and mix well all parts of the -, il and
niie'i! . W'lien this is done, rake otl' ai.d k. el the
sort lee. ;!ihi o will bc ready for the plants.

good, strong, well ro<<t« I iiiin;. i^, , r
wnners <d'last season. Tiant m r.iw^-,

say three feet apa; t. iho
plants elghte(>n imdtes
apart in rows, i r al!
the sorts with large fo-
liage ; th(^ Wood straw-
1 terries {AIpinf\^') may
he six imdies (doser.

'^. Ke»*p the grouml
•]»'nn and well heotj ;»v
an onion bed all sum-
mer, and <'ut oif all run-
ners as fast as tliey ap-
pear, unless wanted to
increase tiie varietv,
Bi KK s NLW IMNE. Fig. 1 and then only two or

1 three should be allowed on each plant. In the nu-

1 tumn the plants will be luxuriant and large, covering

half the gr(»und, and in a lino condition to ^ive a

good crop next seas(.n. In dry seastms, mulching

I with a litth' tan bark, saw-(lust, or old manure, will

assist their growth very much.

4t!i. AViNTERiNG. — In mnnv districts no winter

protection is neecjed,
hut a.s a general thing
aeoat of three or four
in<dies deep of straw
: leaves, protecting
t li'' plaril - a/' : [i>^; ; Im;
tliawin;:a n I ; i-- /in -
• t" w inter, i-^ \< anei
\tv II-' fill, greatly
iu;iment!n;I tie; viir-
' •• and 1 r. ihietive-
ne.-.-. ot the planta-
tion the foliitwing
seas(»n. AV'e always
do it here in Koches-

iiovf.y's sEEnuNG, Fig. 2. tor.

nth. TliKATMKNT OK TFIE ri..\NTS nUKINc; TMK nE.\R-

ING SEASON. — Attend to the culture of the soil as on
the first season, keeping it clean and friable ; keep
down runners ; and provide for a liberal supply of
water in caso of dr luth. The greatest <lrawhark in
strawberry cuUure, w itii us, is dry weather at tho
time of the swelling of the fi uit : and if we want them
Ifirtjr, we must apply water fit' 'u — let it flow over
the plants in torrents three or four times a week. —
Weak liquid manure, occasi(.nally, will b'^ a great
aid in givinc: size. The result of all our ob-orvations
at home and abroad, in regard to strawhcrry culture,
is, that great size and heavy crops can only be ul>-
tained by a liberal sup)dy of moisture? in connection
with deep rich soil. We have no .'-paee now to quote
examph'S in support of this, but the fact is un«pie.s-
tionable, and it will be w^ell to bear it in mind.

20

CULTIVATION OF FLAX

I Ai'RFr.,

Trwr*« r-mimf'fmm

l^f^'? 1

rOMMIXlcvTh ,\s

VI

We now come to the selection of varieties, which Is
a matter of considerable importance. After many
trials and experiments here in the viciii^y of lloch-
o'-ter, and we ought to add extensive expcninents
both by amateur and market growers, the following
varieties are pretty well settled down upon as th(i
best and most profitable : . ^. -, * ,

Burr's Ncio Pine, (pistillate.) Fig. L— A large,
light red berry of the iinest ilavor. Productive arid
hardy. H. O. Pardee, Esci., of l\ilmyra, a iirst rate
amateur grower, exhibited s])eciiii»>ns :it l:ist y*'ar's
exhibition of the (Jenessee Valley llorticultunil So-
ciety, UKnisuring fmr i)irhc.s in circumfuronce, and
thev received tlio first ])r(Mniuiii.

jfoiyy'.'t SrciUinii, (plstillato.) Fi-. 2.— One <>f the
laro-ost' :uid biist Am.'rl.::iii varieties — extensively
grown and nnivcrsally a'lniiri'd.

Lar<jc Kar/i/ Sr<i,irf, (h.MMn;i])hro(1ito.) 7\n old,
fine variety. (mhmI si/e, good ilavor, and iilways
bears well. One of the best ior phintiiig with liie
pistillate sorts.

Boiitoii rinc, (herma])lirodite.) — A 1:»rg>' hni\ ym-
ductive variety, under liigh cultiUMs but wortliless
-^'ith bad treatment. _

Jlitdson, (of Cincinnati.)— A most ])ro(butive va-
riety the irroat fruit of the Cincinnati market gr.>\v- I

era. The llochester people esteem .jUiie as nigniy j
Burrs lUcal Hudson—^ late acid varitty, fine lor

preservinir.

To insure the fertilization of the pistillate sorts,
one row of the staminate or hermrxi>horll" varieties
should be planted between every tour, or in some
sueh proportion.

It is somewhat remarkable that scarcely any for-
eign varieties prove profitable for our cultivation. In
England, an<l indeed in France— the great strawber-
ry ^f the day— the one that in ev.ry garil^-n and in
every market attracts one's attention particularly -is
i\\e British Queen. AVe have never seen Milicn>ps
of strawberries anywhere as those of tlie llrifish
Queen anmnd London, in the gardens of the inarki^t
growers. It does not succeed well here; (»r it has ;
not so far, that we are aware of. A f.>wla!-- areT
fine berries, say three or four fr(»in a plant, may b^' ^
obtained ; bnt'nnthiim- tliat can b<> calhvl a crop. Tt i
needs more moisture than it i;«'ts with us, and we
hope, to see it yet tist 'd under favorable eircum-
.stanees. ,

Next to tht^ r,)?/cr)istan'N tin' Kllnu. I his ^sneeeeds
the Q'ircn, 1)"in::; later. It is a, \:V'z>\ ennical, and
beautitul berry. ' We are n-t aware of its IniNing Ih^mi
successfully grown in tbi^ e onntry, bnl it is wm-tliy
of further trial. In Europe no distin«tinns are made
in ref'ard to the " sexual " eharacter ol the .si lawi ter-
ry, as in this country ; all their varii^ties are stami-
nate or lierma]dirodite— that is, have both stamens
and pistils perfect.

Cultivation of IHax— ClausscnVs meiliod of pre-

l)aring lla\ Cutton.

As a reply in part to the inquiries of our correspon-
dent, 11. H., in the February number of the Journal,
we make the following extracts from a recent pamph-
let, entitled " Tlie cultivation of llax, and the prepa-
ration of flax by the Chevalier Claussen process.''—
Since Claussen's great discovery, the cultivation of
flax becomes a matter of serious inquiry. AV'i? have
been favored with a spocimon of the flax prepared by
this method. It resembles cotton rather than flax,
and from the fact that the process of bleaching, &c.,
is all performed in a few hours instead of months, as

{uiinorlv, must tventually become a matter of groat
national impni-tance.

The snbj'«t of Flax Culture in the United States,

ami its preparation by tlie Chevaru'r <'laussen pro-
cess for spinning on cotton ;ind wot)l«'ii uiachiiKiry,
euf'-rosses at })resent a considerable share* of atten-
tion amongst nearly all classes of the cominunily.

Hitherto we have been de])emlt nt on foreign im-
y)ortations for snj»plir> of IhiiIi the raw and manu-
factured article. The immense amount "f la]>or ex-
pended on Flax, from tin; tiuK^ it is sown till it is
prepared for spinning on lla\ machinery, has been
such as to preclude tin* possibility of_ rai>ing it to
advantag(! in corn]>etition with the foreign. Former-
ly, when raising Flax for spinning, it was necessary
to ]')ull it before seeding, or, when allowed to sen],
the straw was thrown away as useless; but \>y iho
Claussen process, l)oth straw and seed are equally
valuable, and the old mode of iiulling i:an bo bubati-
tuted by mowing or by tin; reaping-maehine. ^

The soil best suitml for its growth is a Idaek loam,
having a substratum of sand or clay. It <^rovv.'i
on almost all kinds of soil ; even on the sides uf
c-ravelly hills, good crops have 1)een raised, but [\w
Tatter kind •)f soil is better for seed than straw. Deep
plowing and liiurougli cleaning are essential to its
healthy growth. Many 'consider Flax to be a vory
exhausting croj», but Knglish and Scotch farinas
have found bv exp'-rienee that it does not impoveri^^h
the soil near so mueli as wheat. No soil, with the
exception of our We^' rn jirairies ;ind valleys, will
bear cropping year after year with ih- same kind of
irrain, without returning to the voji ^ portion of the
principal iii-redients extracted Ir-m it. Flax can be
raisiMl annually on the poorot description of soil,
provided it is inanur(Ml with the excrescents comin,?
from animal li'd on ilax straw and oil-cake or oil-
seed murihi'.re.

A j.raeti.'al Kn-b.-h farmer giv.^^ the f>l!owing as
the result of his experience in Flax-growing: <ln%n-
litv sown to an acr(>, 'Jl bn-hels. (,)uantity of seed

raise(l to th.> acre, l!!'! husheU. Amount of straw.

Li; ton<. Fveii '2'2 husluds of s 1 and 'JV tons ot

straw are not considertMl a heavy yi(d<l.

The Indiana dournal says: 'A farmer in IVUc
countv, Ohio, this season raised bo bushels of Hax-
seed on .'5 acres and Id roods of f2;round, bciii^ ever
21. \ })ushels to the acr.'. This, with the prospect ot
Fla-x Cotton mannfacturing in this country, will indi-
ctite a prosperous bu>in"ss."

1 know (d'no crop more profitable f>r a tarin-''^^
rai-^'^ at tin* pr(^scut moment than that of Flax, ^ay
that he could raise no mor(^ than IS hu-h(ds to tlu"
acre, and 1] tons of straw, and calculating the former
at Sl.2" ]>cr bushel, and the straw at S') per ton, aii'l
ileductln- 12 bushels for seed, it would amount to
S2*.).2") ]Hn' acre. If tli<^ farmers in this country couW
he prevailed uj)on to sow more seed to an a -re, tlio
results w..uld be found well worthy of trying the ex-
periment, if the .\rchang(d and lliga se, d can ^
ha<l, 1 would recommend its use ior the iirst sowing-

WnvTTiir. Faumku most needs. — It is not a col-
lege, end. .wed by the Stat<> : it is y^rimary ^''^^''''.'^^' |^
])repare farmers' soii'^ and daughters for th^e '"n^^^
walks in scieiu-e as applied to aii;ricnlture. TheyncO'
or-ani/.ation. Thev want farm.Ts' (dubs and neij^nj
])o'rhootl libraries of a-ricultural books. They nee"
discussion. Thev tieed more intercourse, not<^"'{
their own town and county, but throughout the :5t^ _
and country, to sec and learn what other farmers a
doing.— r/i^ now.

cTainiminirationij.

[The following highly vabiab!" article on the cul-
tivation of Indian Coin, wa- pr'-jciied at our special
request. Wecemne i.d it to the earnest attention of
our readers, believing that it will rej^iv a perusal,
find that the suggestions contained it may be profita-
bly adopted:]

For the Fnrm Journal.
C)a (he CuKurt' of Indian Corn.

Mio Fi'iToa: — Indian corn b-'ing tic ni i^t \ahia-
Ple of the (■•■r'-al crop> now produced ].y the fanner
'n JV :!n>•^■lvania, a> al>o in contiguous Stat*'-*, the he^t
iiidde of eiiltivation, or the mo.ie of cuhivatiiii by
which the ht«t j-e-ults ean be ohtain^'d, i> a 'pn -ti-n
of tlie greatest importance to the farm- r. The coin
crop is th" nc'i'c \aluaMe to the farimr. 1 'caiise it i ""^ >!arr w • 1! -henc«' tic- iie.-ewity in thi- \;ir'e:v
yields twice, ih.i-iee, or (piadrnph' tic .piantity the ! "f s^*"! '' 'i"* ph'winj; - . d. .p t',,r r.cai n- to t iru
wheat crop \i'bN in f.iir a\erage seasons. It is not ^lic clay upon tic- -urfac*', othciw i^,. f. in-are u - -■ d

tion thereby suffers from a surcharge of thai tument,
in which also, in 8eas«tns i f drought, vegetation is
Iia])le to suffer fn m the \\a:it of a supply of inoi.Mture,
by the impossibility of it arising to the surface from
beneath, the method of plowing most certain tu in-
sure a good crop would be the ridge system — that is,
to ridge or throw the furrow slices together for every
row of corn, thus leaving the openings ]»etweon the
rows to receive the sujierabundance »d*wat. r in rainv
seasons, as w 11 a^ to accumulate the soil in r ws,
'Ii'i-eliv to ritaiti a greater aiu-ain! o|' ni'M-ture in
'iiue I ( drought. In perne ahh' .-..iN, iiowi \er, rid"i;
plowing >houId ever 1m' avoided.

In liine^f-iiie <<iiN, uiehadaid 1 \- a «^traMim of (day,
expern nc'' ha^ proven that if pl.w-d to ad^aah suf-
Jici^'iit to turn tic- day up-n ih'- Miiface, c( rn will

liable to the attacks of the manv enemies to which
wheat is exposed — the fly, frost, mildew, bliglit, smut,
etc. — and being bett'"'r adapted f>-T. and nv're largelv
used, than any oth-r grain, a-^ the f, ,,..1 (.f tlie various
animals and stock of the farm, it i< • mphatii'allv the
crop. It is upon this grain, c mt aiativelv speakin*',

crop, laanui'- w iW ! •• in.dispen-uh! \ ii-e.>-ary to sti-
mnlat" ;! :tt th" "^tart. T!;!'^ \ariety of soil, however,
witli snfii<'ie!it yiains and care in th" tillage t(» p.nt \\\(i
crop in a C'lndirioii to start wt 11. yields abundant
crops.

In open gneiss and limestone soils, frec^ alike from

that all stock prepared for the market by the feeding ; clay, hard-pan, ur shale, deep ph.wing is always com-
of grain, is fed: ami there is no grain upon which
the graminivorou.- animal> and f^wl^ j.ertainin'r to
the farm, delight so mueh to h" fed, or (an be so CCO-
nomicaily iK:<\, a- Indian com. be-ide."> furnishing one

mendabh". The <lecompc»sing strata beneath, posses-
sing hi'_di!v feftilizin?' T'rf piTtie*.', acts ns a manur-"'.
besides at'i-rdin.' ni-re ample space f..r ti.e r.tiaitie.i.-
tion of the roots ol the plants, absorbing also the su-

of the most wdiolesonie and nutritious arti(des of diet pera'.amdance of water in rainy reasons, as well a-

for men. The (piestion then arises v hat is the best i allowing a larger supply of moisture t., arise from

mode of cultivating the crop, or hy what system can | beneath in tim. o! drought.

the greatest result he obiain<'d. I>ii!'e!--nt .pialities

(;f soil will douhtless re.juire dilfermt niodev ,,1' tr-at-

ni' nt. atid no set tif general primaples cjin he laid

down t'oat will apply e(|ually to all ^arieties of -oil

:ind -ituati"!!. It is. however, a trite saviiii: amonLT

practical nnn.that in the eulti\ali(.n of the corn crop.

if it starts w- 11, it Avill almost invariably fu'o.luce

Well, and if it d-es n^t start weip a poor crop may

almost as ccrtaiidy 1m- anticij ate,h If this, then, ],..

true, as an axi«.m ..r prlneiple, ii will he seen at a

glance the necessity of a systrm of tillage, calculated

in the best manner to Mimul.at.- and prr,m,,te the

growth of the plant In the fir^t -tag. s ,,f it, exi^fnc,

as' well as a system that will in-uro ii,^ p-rfee[ de-

velopement as it advances to maturitv.

In treating upon the cultivation of Indian corn,

The time of plowing for corn is also a subject of

ijlv 'r.-it v of opinion. .'*^om.- lame i - prefr to |.!.e,\ in
autumn, -■ ni'' earl\ in the vj.i-in^-. u !i;I.' ot h-r,- pr'-fer
h a\ in^ it a- ncarl\ a- no.--ihi>' to t Ic' -'a-on of n hint -
ing. Flowing in the autumn i< re<..rted to a- a re-
nie Iv a:ia:n-t the ;j;ruh or cut-worm. and i- j^rhaj^s
a> (df!ca<iiu- in it- il- -truction as anv otli-T means
that can he i!.\i-ed. Autumn p^'^^!ng. however, it
the winter is open and r.iin\\ and admittinj; ^f the
growth of grass during the winter and spring, leaves
the soil heavv and sclid and bv no means in tie best
condition to prMiii.te the growth of th'- er..p r'^jiiinng
ab" an additi-'Hal ani' nnt oj l.th' r in it- culti\ ati' n.
Early spring ph)wing, as t<'sted by experience, proves
to be nearly or rpiitc ns efficacious in the destructitju

,.,.,,, of the grub or cut-worm as autumn plowing, leaving

the subject naturally i»resont- it-t If iindr^r n nn^.i.^,. I . .f ^ i .• r.i » * r * •

^ , •; , ,f }. ^'^ unuer a number \ ^\^q g^jj {^nm the actum of the late frosts, in an op. ti

ot heads, or subdivisions, as rdowin" ^y^^^^^^,r\^nn■ 1 1 r 11 vr r I

, . \ ' P'win^. manuring, jj,-j(i porous ami more favorable conditi-n f-r the

planting, &c. ' , , i i • i . ,

" grow th ot' th.' I v.p than w!en plowed in tie' hill, r. -

0;* rioicuHj.—Jn plowing for corn the mode and quiring also less lal>or in the subsequent « ultivaiion.
depth must be determined by the natural pro|»erties Late plowing, or leaving it as nearly as possible to the
of the soil, and subsoil. In hard-pan and shale for- time of planting, may be as favorable to the growth
mations, impervious to water, on which, in seasons ' of the crop as earlier plowing, but in soils, or of sea-
of a superabundance of rain, water is liable to lay sons, that grubs abounJ, the farmer may certainly
upon tlie surface until it is evaporated, and vegeta- expect the annoyance and mortification of seeing the

22

nOMMTTNTOAl foNS.

I Ariar

i^rii» 1

COMMrxirwTiOXS.

23

ro*iMf»ftr-'J»fW wm' »»^<hM**,v**«»*^'^Ni«*.;»t-«r(ie,r'-«#MM.,»ieu -

tender plants of his future liopc preyed upon by these
peats, and bo subjected to the inconvenience of sub-
sequent plantings, besides having his crop materially
injured.

Manuring.— The quantity of land in this State
wherein the corn crop Avould not be benefitted by a
judicious application of manure is cxceodin;xly lim-
ited. Corn, with all other artificial products of the
farm, may be greatly benefiitted by the apjdication
of barnyard manure, lime, plaster, ashes, or any oth-
er of the long catalogue ui" ininiiiil, \ (._::;' lal 'If, <-r ani-
mal m;niinv<, which oithor stimulate tlie growth, or
furnish the elements (. I" plants, an 1 a ju'licions appli-
cation of manure will increase the crop IVcip. tliirtytoa
hundred per cent, in th'' pre mt system (.frotaiiMn
of crops, exec [it iti tic \icinity of cities ;\n<l towns,
where a suj)ply of manure may be purchased, larm-
ers seldom have a sufficient (quantity to give thi^r corn
crops a dressing of stable manure. 1 now wish to
direct the attention of tarmers to a system wher('])Y
they may increase their crop on an average ioity per
cent, without additional expense, and with a large
remuneration for the additional labor bestowed — that
is, by the compost heap. If farmers would collect
the various substances, which are powerful manures,
and which otherwise are lost, and deposit them in
the compost heap, viz: the excrement of cattle drop-
ped about lanes and other places where they fre(iu<'!it :
the soil of rich spots about buildings devoted oulv to
the growth of troublesome weeds, ashes, poultry ma-
nure, the debris of wood-piles, and many other sub-
stances which abound about the farm, a heap of com-
post would be obtained, yearly, sufficient if applied
to the hills of corn, to manure the usual quantity
planted in the system of rotation of crops now gener-
ally adopted, and iiKrease the cr »p iVop.i tliirty to
forty per cent. Ts'.o nion \\.;li tart'- will mannro
three acres per day. The ad\.iMt;!L:i' of tii:> (jnalitv
of manure over stable mannrr applied to tic hilh of ; ,^'^-it|,.,[ ^.^ tin' earth until the snn had rea<dicd it>

trate. The marking out for planting should ho in
transverse directions as nearly as convenient at ri^ht
angles. This ^^ill admit c.f more thorough cultiva-
tion, and effectual destruction of weeds and grass.
and insure greater regularity and certainty in the
quantity planted. As to the direction the rows sluaiLl
run, it is a matter of little importance under our al-
most vertical sun. The distance ui" the rows from
each other is a matter of greater importance. Tho
o-rowin'^ idant of necessity roiniiros; a certain amount
(if air and snn^hine. a^^ well as a certain extent of
s])ace for the expansion of its root^', and if do]iriv. 1
of these riMpiisites, will fail in producinL'" as lirQ^o a
I <To]t as would (ttherwise follow, if" allowed Mifficicnt
! space. There is a maximum number of stalks to a
certain space that will yi(dd th«' hii-;^e.st crop, and if
that nunihiM- is exceeded the ci-op nece^-snrily suffers
iVoiH want of space to admit ot' it< pcrii'''! dovelopt^
m-'Ut, and not cnonLds (•!' stalks to a cTtaiu space im-
plies a waste of ground. Th:it this maximum hti?
,.v..r 1....-) rirriv.Mi at with the ccrtiiintv of a mathe-
matical calcuUitiou the writer has yet to irarn. C.t-
tain ( iistoms, however, have been adopted which nuiy
ap]n-oxinint<' \erN- ncii- to i!ic prdn^ rnid with the ad-
vantages of thorough cultivation atiorded by marking
out four feet by four feet each direction, with four
stalks to the hill, may ])e very nearly the numhor uf
stalks to a given space tiiat will yield the largest
crop.

Tn/u' (1)}'! mefliod o/pJanfin^y. — The time of plant-
ing should lie \:iried ata-ording to tb<' nature of the
soil. Tn open and friable soils corn may be plant-
ed advantageouslv nnich •Tirlirr tlinn in wet or clay
soils. In the former Mii-icty of soil tiie s.'cd may lay
in the ":ri.und for a con-<iderable time, and the Biir-
fae(^ of th(> irroiind be fro/"n, and sutfer no injury,
and. stai't as vi'j^orou^lv as soon as the ^cmal rays oi
sprin<: mav call it i'orth, aij if it had not b-vn com

isp

corn, is, that stable manure is ol' a healing and dry-
ing quality, and is injurious rather than ben* ficial in
dry seasons, while the compost nmnure will retain
moisture equal to the earth itself, in addition to its
fertilizing properties. This manure is within the
reach of every farmer who chooses to avail himself
of it, and tons are allowed to waste annually, ^-yp-
sum is reckoned to be beneficial to the growth of suc-
culent plants, and if the farmer wishes to try the ex-
periment of any of the fancies^ as guano, poudretto or
bone dust, he may perhaps be rewarded for his labor
and expense.

Preparing the ground for planting. — The ground
should be thoroughly pulverized by the use of the
harrow, and if it should fail in reducing the clods,
the roller may be advantageously used in connection
with the harrow. As an axiom, it is impossi])le that
any plant can obtain nutriment from a clod, which
the feeders and spongiolcs of the roots cannot penc-

il m-
ni"r solstlc,\ 111 \V('t or clav soils, p.rndence WOUM
dictato not to coinniit the serd to the earth until it
had acquir. d sufficient warmth t' cm n-c it to germi-
nate immediately, otherwise it wouM be in danger ot
rottni'^ in the urouTid. Corn, in all cases when
plantc(i, >bo>iM be well co^ered with pnlverized earth
to the depth of from two and a b;»if to three inched-
When covered tlm forojroiu;: dep»tli, if cut off iu ^^'^
start by frost or grubs, it will again put forth witn
but little appearance of injury, and if attended oy
drought, will be much better enalded to withstaml
injury {v'U\ (hat source. To in-airc success in the
cultivation of the corn crop, vari.ties should be chosen
best adapted to the different varieties of sod. |"
soils admitting of early planting, late ripening van*-
ties, or such n?^ require a long season to bring them
to maturity may be advantageously adopted, as it ^^
these varieties that generally yield the largest crop?-
In wot or clay soils not admitting of early planting,

,..-«^«ifHi*- jiiw»>E.-rv- •r^w^'** «"*.*■•»'«

varieties should be planted which mature in a short-
er period of time.

CuUivntiun.—T\\Q principal object to be accom-
plished in after cultivation is the destruction of grass
and weeds, and to keep the soil well loosened and
mellowed, to allow the tender feeders of the plant to
ramify in every direction in search of its necessary
food, and to put the soil in the best possible condition
to absorb the dews and moisture of the atmosphere,
and allow tho moisture from beneath to arise towards
the surface. As to the be^t mode of acctunplisiiing
this re-lilt, a di!l'rcn-e ofopijiic.n may exist, but it i-
if ;inv tbinu' bftr 'T c;in b<' brou;j:ht into
mou lluke harrow or culti-

profusion of tiowers aljout the size of camomile, but
they are never double. The whole has a strong, un-
pleasant smell, and a bitter nauseous acrid taste. —
It is often used as an auxiliary to a lobelia emetic.

The best means to control it, is to mow it frequent-
ly and thus keep it from i)roducing seeds.

It is not generally regarded as a nuisance, and if
permitted to remain undisturbed, it may yet prove to
be a great annoyance, indeed. The farmer should
proiiqiily destroy all useh^ss weeds and i*' t [.ermit
them to obtain a hold on the fain).

.1. M. .M.Miw.

r nC'ILl'lllr^ ('>iifr,' CP., /'/.. M :,■'■,! t>, 1 "O'J.

questionil'le

requisiti' n. tlnm the i-orn

vator.

Quality ofsecd.—Tho. quality of the spp(\ is of the
first importance. It is uureasunable to .-upo,,... \\y.a
good and improved crops can be obtained I'V p: mt-

imr inferior seed. Seed of every de-cription -1; uld . •, ,, ,

'^ , , , 1 I , more exT^ensive than at present : and .,.;i-i,trr;>i I. ■ rt

ct and best developed „ ' , . , , . , .

For the Fnrr!; J i>irii.'il.
Trees and Shrub's ftu* T'enriiig.
.\b(»ut iJo vears a;ro. :i \\:rc nnimilactorv was es-

tabli-h"d !!• :ir 'le' I';! IN of S.doi \ I !. i i I . Al tl;:it time.

Anthracite coal was iioi in n-o, aii'

: ; I ! ' i i ' ■ 1 1 1 ■ I ! ! "•

be select<id from the most perfect
of its kind.

Chtster county, March l^^, 1852.

J. A.

For the Farm Journal.
Airrirultur.'il Vui-ance^, No. s.

STINKING CAMOMILE, M.W WEED, DOU's FENNEL, DILL
WKEU, FIELD WEED, RU IIAUDSON's I'lNK.

French, Maroute. German, Stinkende KamlUe.
Maruta cotula, Cas\^. M. foetida, //t'.v.v. M vulga-

fort was then made to introduce a mode of end -mh^
fields, liy planting trees for timber at suitable distan-
ces-— lo feet more or less around the field. ami cf nnert-
iu'^ tleni 1 V a f '■■ bars (»f wire, from ']•<■" to tr«M\ —
The projectors indulged themselves iu making (al mi
hitions 4)f the profit arising from tlu^ timber ; but
neglected to make any allowance for the diminution
of the crop in the vicinity of the trees. Wire fem^es
were for some time occasi<mally set u, but liie wir--

ris, /i/////". Authemis cotnli. /.///. A. cotuloides, i • , ,

H'ljr. A ].sorospernia. Tentr. A r:in.o<:!. l.inL:^ wasthenverycostlya-^comyv^rchvithtliepresent price.

riiamaincMum cotula, rres. C. liictiduiu, Ji'un/i. —
Tln' (b'rivation of th" naruc' rifthis plant i^ nnknown.
It belongs to the I'e!, ,: :~- Syngoiesia :ni i lid t'r-
der Sn])rrtlnra in the Artilicial System ol Linu;vus.
To the Natural ».)rder Coinposita, and sub-tribe An-
themidea, in the Flora of X. A.

There are ie.n two -| 1, s ,'f .Mannta iiow known,

unless there -hould I,,' a d.itl'.T.nce bitwrii tic Ihi-
ropean and Anioriran plant-, (bir plant i- -etdov, n
as a r'Trl,^!!..!-, but it has th" appeariince t^' a m^iixe
ni the west, wb-re it is \.tv abnndant in tlie \ ieinit v
oi t'^wii^ and \i!la;rts. ■where it ol'tfu b''coine> a 'j:reat
nuisance if not k^'pt in -ubiiiL';ition. It nc\er ^rrow-
in the woods, but delight> in n< -]>•. r. ,1 gnumds, es-
pecially in limestone soils. In the West it often fol-
lows fallows, and is then deemed very troublesome. —
I have noticed it ^•nn-adiie:^ verv rapidlv in many
parts of this State dwrlio; the ];,,{ {<u voar-. iind al-
though nn :inioi;)l, it i. n,,t easily expel kd, for the
seeds will lie a long time without having their gor-
minative properties destroyed.

It grows to the height of from 0 to 12 inches, cov-
ered with sh..rt hairs, it is much brauched; the leaves
are three times divided, the segment^, fl:^^ narrow
and sharp pointed; the flowers tonaiuate the long
leafless, slender-grooved branches, each .me bearing
a single head, which are yellow in the centre and
the rays white ; seeds four sided, furrowed and rough,

rown.

It blossoms from June to November, affording a

and wir<' fences ijid not cone i lU' h itito use. and
more rarely on farms than (»n plea.-iure grounds. At
the present reduced price of iron it may now be worth
while to enciuire w hether wire cannot be profitably
used to strengthen hedges to restrain horses and cat"
tic; (not .-wine.') especially such luHiires a- ;ire formed

-•t trees that ar^

Vr

air-'

to

' k.'pt d

wiir;-

iic!i

a- (^^nire ('raniieand <'ock-pnr th'iri. liy puttin.r
tiic h'd'j;.' plants at tv.ic> tic n-iial di-tance apart.
,aiid bv planting; po,-t> ak-n:: tho liin- of lied„'-' say

(MimcctinLr th' la bv t w > v. ire-.

» lo.-t apart, aii'

one al three, and the ,.thor \\i f^ur let ti-' ni tiie
ground — the hedge wlliofier sutlicient resistance to
cattle, as soon as the wires are co\erci ky tlie plants.
In cases of plashing or filling up t\\m places in the
hedge bv b. riding the plants, they niny ke fa-^t'^ned
to the wir--. \\'hcn the posts decay it \viil i '^ !'■•
necessa!\ t* i. n^ \\ them, as the trees or liedge plants
\\\\\ have acquired sufficient size to hold 'a staple or
larg(» headed spike to which the wires may be fastened.

Of treet and shrul)S not thorny, hedges are somt;-
timcs made, but generally as a screen or cover on the
ed<^e of a bank : for thi- V'urpose K d Cedar, k'uiiiiU'ou
Juniper and .\ i ' r \ luc are suitable, an 1 if con-
nected by wire, as proposed above, would probably
answer as a farm hedge.

The price of plants from one to two years old for
hedging, of Thorn, Buckthorn or Osage Orange, will
vary probably from G to 10 dollars per thousand^

*,* '.Wff l^'VJ^fi

.Ji

24

COMMUNICATIONS.

[Ai

'Rn

EDTTORTAL.

25

■which, supposingit to be 10 dollars, thecost of phiiits,
for GO perches, equal to 90 panels of fence, will bo
10 dollars, the plants being one foot apart, or 15 dol-
lars if 8 inches apart. 1 believe Osage Orange Hhoiild
not be less than one foot apart, and 1 have hope tlnit
we shall hereafter find two feet apart to be l)Cttcr. 1
"believe that Cattle will not browse Osage Orange or
Buckthorn, and therefore they will not require an ad-
ditional fence for their protection till they bccoinf n.
hedge.

Those who choose to propagate fnnu s(mm1 will find
less difrifiilty with Osage Ori\TJii;f\ AVild I Mum luul
othiT seeds of largo size that «'(tnio up the first year,
than with Thorn, l>nekt]iorn, Sh(M'p1)iM-ry, Sic,.\ that do
not gcinerally come up till the second spring. It is
always better to raise the plants in a guod seed bod,
in good garden gmuiid, than tn sow the seeds where
it is intended the hcilge shall staml, and thinning
the plants to the proper distance. Tlu; strong and
weak plants should nut Ije intenniugh'd in planting,
butthcstrong planted together, and the weak together.
It is well ascertained that the English White thorn
which is considered the best hedging plant in En-
gland, is very inf-'rinr to many of our native ]>lants
for hedging here; and it is very prol)able that the
species which may hereafter be found the best for
hedges on the gneiss or mica slate ranges, will not
be best suited for the purpose on the old red sandstone
or other formations. Experieneo must determine ;
and experiments are cheajily mailr as regards money,
but in order to be of nnich value reipiirc care and
attention. AVlll those wIp- ha\(> succeeded give us
their experience through the Farm douanal.

Ai AN AV. Corson.
Montgomery Counfy, \st mo. 22, 1852.

Vox tlie Farm Journal.
Kemedy for tlic Grain "Weevil,

Mil. Ei'iToK: — In a former number of your valua-
]de dournal, I observed a description of the grain
weevil, and some directions in regard to its extermi-
nation. Dooming it a matter (if much interest to the
farmer, miller and grain denier, }>ermit me to recom-
mend a plan whicli 1 have always (bund very effec-
tual. Take air-slaek' 1 lime, pass it though a fine
sieve, and apply it at the rate of four (juarts to the
hundred bushels of grain, in the following manner:
First, sweep the floor of the granaiy j-erfectly clean:
then sprinkle a little lime regularly over it, either
with the hand or sieve, as may bo most convenient:
then place the grain on the lime to the (h^pth of six
inches. Apply the lime as before, and rake thor-
oughly with a hand rake. Continm^ jilacing tlu^ lime
and grain in alternate layers io any extent that mav
ba required ; always being careful to mix well. -
Lime may be applied to any kind of grain, wiiliout
fear of injury, and will be found to be a most certain
preventive of that destructive insect, the weevil.

NORRISTON.

Korristown, Montgomery county.

llinigralion o{ Peuiisyl vaina l^'arnurs.
Mk. Kditor: Ever since I became a subscriber to
the Farm Journal, 1 have l^een an\iou-lv lookinir f,,r
some of your correspondents to say Sfuuethiu'^ in re-
gard to the emigration of so nuiny of the farmers of
Pennsylvania to the Western States. This tide of
emigration seems to flow mainly frr^m the Eastern
Counties, and those who remove ajipear to have for-
gotten the fact that there are other portions of the
State — portions wdiich present as many inducem- nts
to the emigrant as the far iamed lands of tin- wc.'^t.
We hav(3 lands composed ()'[ every var.ety of soiLi,
at almost every price, and abounding in all the eonvo-
niences of market which excellent Canals and Icill
Roads leading directly t(j the seaboard aflbn.l. Wiiy
is it that this subject has not been nn)re IVtMjU.nilv
}>ressed In our Agricultural Journals? as the reniovul
of our farmers cannot but Vx' reg;irded as an evil uf
seriiais magnitude. Almost every one of (rur news-
[tapers abounds in recommendations of tin,' \\ estorn
lands. The strongest inducements are held onr to
emigrants, and those desiruu.-^ «u unlorin- miu iami
spev'ulations ; while the merits of our own beautiful
and productive valleys, are wholly overlooked. Again,
we hear of numy iarmers purchasing the worn out
lands of Maryland and Virginia, at prices as great
as they would be asked for lands of excellent quality
in many of our AVestern counties. If it wore more
generally known that new, rich, and vacant lauds
are to l)e had in Pennsylvania, at a less price than
ihe exhausted soils of Maryland and \ irginla, mif;lit
it not havi; the eifect of staying this drain upon this
valuable portion td" our populatitiu ? I thinkso,and
earnestly hope that those who fe(d interested in the
agricultural ])rosperlty of our ( 'omm(»nwealth — t!i">e
who reside in those sections of the State where trend
lands are cheap, and where market facilities art^ i:om I.
will make the Farm Journal a medium for coniunini-
cating the facts to the public. l>y doing so, tluy
will lend a hel])ing hand to a good cause.

J. s. r.

J\nn Valley, Ccufrr co., Pa.

Maxims for I'ariiicrs.

l)o not sow V'uri/rain or cultivate yoarcroi^ in any
particular numner because your lather did so. Ilo
may havt* fdlowed in tlu^ footsteps of your grand-
father, and agriculture was nut as well understeed
then as now. "' IVove all things and ludd fast to that
whi(di is gond.'' If not reject it and try another |dan.
Xothinii; ol' ini]>nrtance was ever yet gained without
some risk. MxperinuMit is the mother of science.

One acre W(dl cultivated Avill produce more tli:>n
two only scratched at, and with far less trouhlo.
What is worth doing at all is worth (h^ing well.

Po not ha\e a superabundance of firming im|de-
ments: but let what you have be of the be^t kind, and
keep thmi W(dl sharpened. A sharp will cut twice
as murh as a dull one, and do it mueh better. ^ ^

iSever plough in wet weather, if you can avoid it^
Besides doing injury to the crop, it impoverishes the
soil. It will not rain always.

ti

T II i; FA l{ M .10 1 I! .N A L.

Agents.

TiiF Farm d u k.nai. may be had iit the following

T. laces : —
W. IJ. ZiFiiER, South Jd >t., principal agent for

Philadelphia.
W. H. Spang LER,

V,. F. SrA.Ndl.KK,

(JKo. Ukrgner,

I! MiNMJ,

.b i;. ^iiin-oCK,

11 M. Kau(.in'«,

I.Mnca-tiT, P;|..

C.dunil^ia. Pa.
H:t!-i-!^burj-. Pa.
P;nO,ur-. i*a.
( 'liamlMj-vhurir, Pa.
Carlisle. Pa. "

.\. L. W'aki iKi i>, York Pa.

M, 1 of r.ook-t llcrs generally.

Our OHice,

Those ]>a\:ng liu-iii'--; to ti'aii^:ict witli us will
jdease call at the jjook Store of AV. II. Span^der, in
North Queen street, Paiua-t'-r, wh^ro \vo or our ri-
presontative will at all tiiuo-> b^' in attrndanee.

The New Vo!ume-=Sij?)jects fer discussion, 6ic»

In enterincT upon the second year of tlie existence
1 f the r.iiiu d,.urnal, we cuin ^t for]>ear an exj.rossion
of thanks U) those oM f;-iohd, who Iiave again kinilly
tendered their influence in ])ehalfof the new volume;
as Well as to the now ones who have so effectually
proven their interest in our enterprise. Twelve
months since we i.^-ue(l (,ur lir>t iiumbtr witii but a
single suh^rriher. Now, we issue tlw lirM number of
our second volume with hejirty assurances ot support
from almost e\. i y - cti'ii of uur own State, a^ well
as from those adjoitiinL'. This is not only encourag-
ing, hut highly gratifying, and \n tl:e name of Pmn-
ssdvania agrlniitur... we thank tho^c who have thus
far suHtaiiir I u.^.

P'lriii- th.. Near upon the threshold of which we
now ^tan^b W" hope t<. do nundi to imp.ri.ve the Jour-
nal in t\j.o-r;ipirK.;il appearance, as W(dl as in the

fits per acre. T)i ame favor we ask of our experi-
enced corn growers.

We want practical infornuition on the subjects of

liming, green cropi-in'/. tie- n^-e of c.incentratr'd ma-
nures, the rearing and latti'niuL: ^f >;ork. the v. h. •.■.•-
abouts of improved stock, the cumi arai!\e merits of
the respective breeds, &c.

We want all possibles inf<>rmation in regard to i]nt)
fruits, especially seedlings, an 1 on ;ill hranehes o^^
horticulture. .\nd to -um up il;e \sho|e, we want
every tarneT "r trend '<\' a::rieuiMire who has tried
an experiment wliii h lias pro\od ^ueeossful, and
wlii(di he deems valuable, to eonHuunicate it lor the
Journal.

Shall we have the information upon tle-e various
points'.'' Will our friends respond to thi-^ invitation?
We h"pe they will; proini.-in.:; t hom li' tii''V do, a
d.airnal o,pi;il in praeti<'al \alue to any of .,ur U'-i^^'h-
li'irs. A\ t- prouii-o tlii< bei'iiu-^e we //e','/" that our
Srat<> ab'.uiids in ju-t -ut h matorial a>; we r((|uir(^
f 'T the t'ultllnieiit of our Word. Sit d'C.vnlh. n. at
once, or at tne nr-t ieisur'' ic^ne-ni. aiei wriie out
your e.xp.rience and observation. N'\'r mind lin-
i.-hed seuteneos and W'il r"Und'd ]^!'i'd>. '//C' ;/.v
the JiCcts in your oirn plam cuinmun s-^nst way </
talking. If they require pruning or dressing, we will
attend to it, if you desire it. l>o this, and our word
for it, Pennsylvania agriculture will, before the ex-
piration <'f anotler I w .U oin. .ntii a--uui ■ it.-^ ri;^htful
position.

Uow OUR Legislators aitreciate lui; Pakm Joi w-
NAi.. — It affords us plea-ure to state that more than
one hiiii'lrt'l out ' f laie iiundred and thirty-three
members of the Senate an ! 11 Mi>o.,f Jb-presentativcs
have sub«:'ribed f-r our diurnal durinc:: tic pa«:t

week. d'he fw Wllo ifi lltlod Were th '-e W ilose pUT-

-ults are in no wiv.. CMnnect''d with farmini:. For
thl< hands*une addition to'.ur Ii>t, w^' are indeltteil

^■ii.ir.iet. r of the matter presented. There are many : ,,,,^\,,\^. to sevral membei- -f the llou-^e who have
subjocus ot vual interest to the farmers of Penn^yla- ^ „ver been uur iriend^. They will plea.M- accept our
nia, which we hope t.. have di^eu^sed, and to these, thinks,
we now i.iko oecasion to invite the attention ol our

correspondents: ^ r. w n .

,.. Levgtiiv Commcnicatioxs. — >> e earnestly request

owouldhk.; to pr...,.nt all t lie information pos- thosewho favor us with communications to make th. an

Piijle m regard to t!i,. wo(d -r^win-r interests of the i • r i i • w • i .

^ . ^ '"- '"Liie.sis or TfK |,^i,.f ;iiid to th-' point. V. r widi t.r pr -■ nt a- -fat

aato-the character of th.> >heep generally raised- ^ ,,,-,, ,,. .„.i|,|,, ,„i ,,, ,p. ,i,. .,u!v bv pu!.li^h-
the amount o, ,!„■ yie].} „r ,,„„i „r j^^ieular lloek. ■,,. .i;,.,^ article.. Mar.v subjects of course n.uire
. m ot t..M,.iop. and count,... -th. mode of feeding I to°be treated at length, and for >uch, due aUowanee

the ,,,tions of the State best adapN.l to .heep, and j ^m |,e made. We are desirous of having our arti-
otlier matters pertainmg to the business. .i^g copied as exterr.ively as possible, by the new<pa-

>Vo are d. -irons of presentiuii; all tlie inf ^rmati. n per press; to accomplish which, shortcommnnbati us
possible in repn-d to the cultivation of Flax, and the ' are absolutelv necessarv.
JiseHs-.,.n M- ,!,.. ,iue.ti.nwle-tl..-r it nn,-ht not be
made one ui tie. m.,.r pront;P ],> of our cp .p-

AVe are desinu. .,| l ,.rning from the farmers on
our own best wheat-growing lands, th
cultivating wheat — the

Bound ToLi'MES. — In the course of a we. k . r two
we will be able to supply bound copies of the first
eir method of ! volume of the Farm Journal. Our stock of back
. . ^^^untofyield now, compared numbers is not large, so that those who wish to se-

With that of ten or twenty years since, and the pro- cure them had better apply early.

26

EDITOKIAL.

[A

TT?!

t -^r'

1

):<H)K \OT!CES.

27

■■Vv ■•- «.»*^.>"*^**«r-ws» cor* - mf 'M^-7m* nm" »«wff>^JM jBuw^wmi

The Boole oftlie Farm, (/r(>i<inoj fhe labors of tJip fir.
mer, s-fcwanJ, ]>/owniau, hiuhjcr, cattb'-man^shiphtril
field icorker ana dairynian, by Jlciuf/ Sle}thf'n.f,with
450 illuslralions. To whicli are added txpldwitor)^
notes, remarks, etc., by John S. Skinner, Kdifuro}'
the Farmers^ Library. 2 voIh. New York : C. M.
Saxton, A«;ri» iiiiiti-al Ijook [niMisher.

Thene nol)le volumos dovoted to the intorosts of
tho farm or have Imch iaiil ..u .iU'- table, by tho

A challenge to the wool growers ol tin I . states.
We make the following extract from a letter re-
ceived from A. L. Bingham, of West Cornwall, Ver-
mont. Those who attended the State Fair, ;it I i arris-
burg, will remember the fine French Merino Slieep,
exhibited by Mr. B., to which were awarded the first,
as well as an honorary premium, by the committee
on sheep. Mr. Bingham's challenge is a bi'ial uue:
and we s'lall be glad to learn that there are other
wool growers in the United States, whose flncks are
of sucha characteras tohulurr tli.-rn toacc(>i.t hi.S|l'"l'l'>5''"'-- '^ '^ ""^ nrcr.^ary that we should
proposition. W.' .l.;ill tal-- ].l<'a-un' in -iviiig our ^ i'"'!'^' tlian vrW-v to this Imnk. Th- hi/., rl.aractor . f
readers the result of Mr. U's. >hrHrin-, as w.-ll as of : ^1"' ^"'^^""•' ='^ ^^'•'1 ='^ ^'"" Anirriran .Mlit...-, (the lato
any other that inav W Uxvx^^AuA .is. | •'"'"» ^- ^^.innrr, th.- piwnr.r nf Ani..ri.;m i^rricul-

,,T .i" 1 1 1 I,, 1 1 c\% ^ tore,) shduhl a.t oiu'c cuiniiw'nd it to juihlio favor.—

"1 propose on tli(M>ni and r.Mh (lavs of .Mav n»^xt, I ' '

to make a pui,lic ^hrariii- nf my Fivi„-li M.aaiio | ""^^''V'"'' nnuh vv niay hna<t nl tho progress wo are
Sheep for the express purpose ol' ;j;i\inL; tho public i niakin;:; in liusban<lrv, it is not to be (hiiied thiit Kng-
an opportunity ol" judging whothor thoso shocp carry ; \\^\^ a-ri* ulturi^ts aiv [\iv in advanco .,r n.. lln-v,
any wool on their ))acks or not. 1 shall shyar iroui ^^^^ ,.;;,■,.„,, .,,• th,.<o ia.niliar wiih il,. En;:li^h
50 to 100 against a siiiiibi.r nunibor ti-om auv ^ ' . . i 4 ■

one man's flock in the United States, in ai» unwashod system, cannot fail to pr-^xo b-n-ainai lo the Amori-
state. I say unwashed, becau-o it i< tho fairost way can farnuT, and nior^ <>p 'riallv. whoii the }]:;enius cf

of testing the merits of the ddlorent breeds. The 1
whole shearing Avill beundor tho s]MM-lal directioTi of
a committee ap[u)inted at the ni'^tinir. Tho woij:ht
of lleeces and carcasses shall be most canlully asnr-
tained, so that there may be no doubts as to tlie ac
tual result.

I will at the same time dispose of a few yearling
bucks just imported; also a few ewes, and exhibit
some specimens of crosses of the French on the Span-
ish ewes, and some cattle and bcrsrs nf" mi] i-ovod
breeds. The atteniiatp'o of yoursell'and fVionils would
be highly gratifying. Yours,

A. ii. r>iN<;n\M.

West Cornwall, Vermont.

Errata. — Several vexatious blunder- oropt into

our first form, in consequence oi the uiia\<'idabh aio

Bcnce of our proof-reader, at the time of sending it to

press :

For '' mesine" in oh vonth lino, sooond ottlumn, on
page 0, read messuri : and jiir '" I lydi-o-l'iaio oyanito"
in iburth jnirngraph lir-t cohinin paLi;o 7, road *' ll}''-
dro- ferro cynnit '.'

a man like Skinner has been brought into rc't|ui.siti.ii
to ada])t thf \voi"k to 'Oir owji ciiintry. It is han'i-
soniflv pi-in'od, ab.'inid-^ in ^alllabh^ an*! well o.X':-
cuted illuslralions, and can be purchased on theiiiv-'t
reasonable terms.

Rural Jlonics, or Skelrhes of Houses, suited to Amm-
can country life, with oriyinal plftns, desiyns, dr.,
hy (iervasr Wheeler. New York : rharlcs Sorib-
n M", 1 !"> \a<<au >t.

We aro iuih-btod t" tho publisher W^v a copy of this
beaulirul vo'huno, and ha\e oxanilu'd its contontf
with no ordinary feelings of pleasure. Tt is precifiely
<\\^-\\ a \cluni'' a^1ra<lorig been nfMJcil by the Ameri-
can laiaii M- : ha\inL:.- f'lr its leading ol»ject, the eiii1i'>
diniont oi" a fixod priicijilc In lairal aro]ilteoturt\ —
Kverv variety of lioni" usually nocdod, will he f*'Uii«
ouibracod in it, with ])lain, yot .•oniploto aii'l lu'ourate
details in rolati(»u to tho site, mofh-l. ox])''n>(\ warn-
in<j:, ventilation, scdectiou oi" furnituro, \<'., ^^'i'"

page 7, should itad a> tallow ■>. I'or tho la>t >-ix years
1 have been experimenting, for tho purpose of ascer-
taining the best mode of growing corn, and have come
to the conclusion that one great error into whii h nnr
farmers fall, is that of ])lanting too close ; from three
feet to three feet six inches being tb.o distanee usually
allowed between the rows each \\a\.

he second ]iara'.:ra]'h of tho arti(do on corn, "U I .,^..^^.^-,,..^1 ,lii.,.,-tions to tho inexperion.'od builJer m

relati(»n to contracts, speoifioationv, \e. Ihe whoiO
work is ailinii-a!-ly aila]it''d t^ t ho ditl'usion of nr-''
refined taste in the erection of country houses: o-'Ui-

bined ^^itll u ility and economical expenditure. •

. ■ ■'

spociinou of boautilul typMi^raphy. a i'lnni-.n^ Hi il-
lustrations od' liiastorK oxotaitinii, mid funnshea a-

Xew Clubs. — As we hoped and anticipated, new i the low price oi sLiIo, it should at once liul a P''^'
Club lists are flowing in upon us, and old ones with in mery man's library, who i> (h^sirous of iniproMi^s

handsome additions are following them. Press on
the good work friends, and we will do our part.

Cochin China Fowls. — Those desirous .f purchan-
ing fowls of this variety, are referred to tho aihor-
tisement of Mr. Sampson, of AVest Iloxbury, xMass.

SHANcai.ES. — We are requested to state that Aaron
Clements, Cedar Street, above Ninth, Philadelphia,
has on hand a number of superior Shanghaes which
are offered for sale on reasonable terma.

tho eharacter of Ann'riean lural a>rchitecture.

•1

The Fruit Garden, a treatise intended to exphtn a^^'^
illustrate the physioloyy of fruit trees, the theory ^^^'^^^
practice of all operations, connected icith the pyl".
(lalion, trans)>l(uitin</, pruning and traminy Of
ard and yarden trees, as standards, awarji^, vj_

tar^tmm mir^'m

J, US already met with a moat cordial reception from
fruit gn»wers generally, an<l merits the attention of
every person who feels desirous of iinnrovingthe cha-
racter of his fruit, or the appearance of his grounds.
TIm' ample practical experience and high reputation
(if its author, are the })e.st guarantees of the character
of the work. We fed no hesitancy in recominonding
it to those of oup readers who desire a more gon-ral
knowledge upon the interesting subjects of which it
treats.

TuK MoNinMES come to us nb •ni^.ilin:'- in Tn.n<di t^
interest. Grah-'ni. (todey \i\\A S//-/,'/;, all -tri\o v, ii!i
most connn 11 !:i' !o .•n-a-Li-y I'^r tic ^ujocniaoy : but so
Well <io the tri'i aj'iH ar t" !"• niatolo-d, that it Wi uld
seeia invidious in u- t > -n-ak "f any « ^no, ni' a-' hirhly
than the rest, 'i'liose ^A "iir rea h-r-^ \\\\<) <h-:io a
good literarv magar.ino, '^^dl find li m • \\\\rv of tho
three. Xext come Harper and ih'- I u'^ rui'tonal,
both sterling publicaticms, rich in \abiahl" niattor,
and Well worth the price aske<l f-i" th' ni. ^.".. J.it-
ti'lTs Liriny Aye, unciuestionably 0110 cf the best pub-
lications of the day. sr> per annann The Ilnrtirultu-
rist, the file lendor in all ihal relates to ihe progress
of horticulture in iho United States. We always wel-
coino it with [ileasure, and read it \\'\t}\ profit. The
W- sttrn Horticultural Ktview, Cincinnati, ablye«lited

and well sustained by a list of excellent contributors,
and one of our very best exchanges.

TJi" Edinbury Uevieic, f^r Jannarv. i-^ received
from the publishers, Leonard Scuit tV Co., New Y'.rk.
The marked ability which characterises the articles
of this long established periodical, renders it a mrst
]d<asant and agreeable visitor. The contents of the
jtresent number are, 1st, (.lenius and AYritings of
Descartes. 'Jd, Bishop Phil])otts. .: 1. liecent Pro-
gress of Literatur.\ };h. ('hureh Mumc. r.tli. A 1. w
words on' Intcrn;;t;.,n:il ('..pvri-ht. r.tj,. Pah/ravo^
Vnrmandv an 1 l-:n_dan.l. 7tli. Tho Or^lnan.- Sur-
rey of Seollani. ^^;1,, tho i:xj..'ciod ib-forui p.;n. i'.t

^'■'' -Maroh Xo., page oG'J.

l'i;i:Mli .MMKAW i;].KK\ 'MOYAMFSSlSa.''

liil^uew aad very aiiperb variety raigcd by G Sihinitz. Knq ,
near I'hiladflphia, ami to which a fp'cial Frttnium was awarded
by the IVun8\ Iviiiiia Flortictiltnr/il Sociftv. was j»urcl)H8»'(l l)V the
■ui)scriber, and \» now after a fair trial of tliree years, fur tlio tjrst
tirne utrcreil to the public.

It po8«PB8e8 advantajjra over all others that 1 have as yet 8ren,
or ciiltivateil — 18 rtni.irkal)le itir it« robust and vigorous urnwlli —
perfectly harily, enduriuR the extremes of heat and coUi, is vt-ry
pr<MUictive, producing a j:reater average of larpe herru-s fr^m "Iik
plant than any other and nearly eriual in »ize to the ' Ilovey's
i*eedling." hs preat merit is its ricli and high tiavor, in which it
excels all others — it is iian-h better adapted for market, Jfor which
purpose I am ^'rowing extensively^ ng its fruit is R(»t so eaioly in-
jured by carriage. Stroag i'lants now ready for deliverv at jfJ per
do2., or 81*2 per 100 J\>ijSM TAfi'i:,

Hurlington, N J Addressorders to 11- if . \ 1m. -r >»-eil8man

Mil! Fbjriat, No. .39, Chestnut street, I'hiladeiphia.

April, \^o2.

JCIIXSO.W^ niPboVPD liKVOLVING HAY

AN!' <

\I\

!•:.

TfllS Kik-- IS pot np in detached pieces, so as to make it conve-
nient for transportation and storage and so complete that any pair
of handles and shafts will tit on any Kakeof Ins manufacture. The
above Rake can be olitamed of the subscriber at his residence, or
at his Mills near Newark Delaware, either by wholesale or retail.
They can also be ol)tained at mr several agencies establi8he<l in
rennsylvania. Delaware, .M:ir\ land and Virginia, o( which exten-
sive notice has already been jiiven.

The utility of this Rake is so well established and extensively

known, that it is deemed nnne<*e8S«ry to dwell much upon its mer^

its in this advertiseiiirnt it is proper however, to st.it e th.it it li;i8

a'wM', 8 been awarde<l t '.■■ ;>remKim. at AgrMuItura' Mxhiditions,

j wl'cf the competition w i» I'.iir

i Tiie unno.st i-;\r'- \s .)'.ncrv»i! \>\- th>- imiiiir^clurer m the selecti.in
j of tiinlitT f'-if th. s.' llaKCH N'-i.t- '.iC ihc ht-st fi-iiii,' ns.-d for that

terms of all tho 11.

\ 1 • ■ w

This valuable treatise, indicated by the Utle above,

IM'TX TO TTTTS Xr:\rBER.

rrntfcti.Mi to S'u-fp ncioii.st '! tr<»,
Kxptfrunental Farm, - . ' .

Agricultur:il rheinistrv,

Mr. (lowen's Address,

Curing of Corn Fodder-Cutting for F(»d, -' -
I'rohts of keeping Fowls. - - ...

Applying Hone dust to Indian Corn crops, ' -" -
Corn— Kate Vr*. Karlv rhnitiiig, . - .

<.eo!..cy ri|.,>!i,.,i I,, AuTir-uture - . . .

Sotitti Dowa J*;;*-.-!., .\ ,• ,

Fruit Trees— l'lnntiniiSepds-Hu.Mip.r\^P ' . ' ,

Mr t...wen-s Address before the I.anJ^'Co. Ag. St>C

Hen-Cock Game Fowl— niustrated - ^'^''■

IJoitonG.av, or Creole—niustrated,' -

"adding Roses— niustrated : - .

Cultivntionof Strawberries—Illustrated, . ' . '

i^uaivation of Flax - - .

Culture (,f In.Hnn Corn, -.*'*"

Agricultural Nuisances - - .

Trees |,„,i Shrubs for Fencing, - . . ' '

Remedvfor Grain Weevil

Mixinn for Farmers
How^M,rT^'"'"."''-^"'^J'*^»» ^^' Discussion, fee,

wtr;^:rSt:r^'"' ''^ '""'^ ^'"'-'^'•

New Clubs,

Book Noticti, . . . * . " • • •

I

.1

- 4

5

- 5

r,

11

V2
17
17
18
19
20

ai

•25
'.'3
L't
•J I
•J I
2.3
2.5
23
26
36
2(i
27

pur[ii.<ie 'r!ii'\- ,irc also iri'iir.'. m t;i' Nest i;i.ii)."»'r Ilivuip been
rng-ii:--;! \\\ t\\r\r !;i iiuiOictiirf i'. .r linrty \ e:ir~ t, ■■ s I'.scriber ;h
verv 'i-'Siri 'Ws t!i:it t.'ie Iwizh ff j>;it-iti.'!i wto.h ll, «.'■..• ll.-ikfs iia'.f
hitii'Tl ' rii oiit;iiiieil shouhi l>c k iHt.i .:!■■ 1 If ih theret'./re his w.s;i
to liisii.isi' t'( thern as far as practi'^a! if. by whojrgaie

Dciil.f.s in Implements will do well to send in their or.l< r s at
ftii'a'lya.iy OrdtTS shall be filled immediately, and the Rnkes
dcavered at the mogt convenient landing or dep't f r further
transportation.

Til. g. i; ikes have been found to be the most ecnnomical in uso,
saving tiieir cost at a siniric day's rakm? of Hay or (irain. They
have also been fonnd very useful in taking str.aw t'roin a thresher
to where it is wanted to be stacked. W. 0. JOH.N'.S'ON.

London Grove, Chester c<»unty, Pa.

v'^iiUJ'/s iiri'>, Ai <i(i; .\X!) i'.(tx i;i:(;cL \':mk.

Till". Ruis'Ti! >T r' sidinu' i!i Dilifr^'iin;, \ ^r n ''nntit\ , reiiiiK>.vH-
nia, lias iiivciitf i a ii-w and improved Augur for the boring of hub«,
and setting the boxes >'( wagon, carriage and othsr vehicle wheels
for which I have obtained lefers patent.

The Aupur will bore both ends of the hub at the s-nme time, or
either sei>,irately — nnd is the most useful and important invention
of the age for inserting wagon boxes ami the only Machine m ex-
istence by which they can be inserted exactly true — and is so per-
fectly simp'e in its construction, an<l constructed on such just me-
ehanical [>rincipics, that it cannot possibly get out of r«'pair.

With this Augur a set of boxes can be inserted in a few minutes
— where under tlie <dd system it requires hours to perform tho
same amount of w<»rk.

Persons wishing to purchase Territory or Shop rights will nle.ns6
address the subscriber, who will sell on terms thst will enable the

purchaser to make monev.
Dillsburg. April, 1>j52— tf

HK.NRY yiDLE.

"NVm. B. Wiley, Job Printer Lanefister, Pa.

28

ADVRirnSMMKNTS.

f \!'fnL,

1 ^ 'O

ai)VKrtisk.mi:n r

■^

?r)

■^

=* "t**^ ■* «»s».«-wf^ i**««s'i-**rt*«wf ■*

COCHIN CHINA FOWLS FOU SALIO.

THE subscriber offers for sale n few pairs of bis funt sleek of
COCHIN CHINA FOWLS, of his own importation, warranted
pure blood and trne to their name. Orders for trie same, post-paid,
addressed to the subscriber, will receive due attention.

CUAKLES SAMPSON, West Roxbury, Mass.

April, ia52— 2m

EMERY & COMPANY,

Sole Mannfaclurern for the United States of the Kew
Yo?'/c State AgriciiUnral Societfs First rrcmiiim

RAILROAD no R S K -P O W E R,

I'ATENTED BY H. L. EMERY, FKBRUARY '21, 18.'32.

Manvfictory on ll'innU^ni, LHh rtji <nLd J ^nion streets;

Warehouse a)i(l Sfilc h'ooifis, A'o.v. 'MVJ and o71

Broadway^ AUxiny, A'. V.

TIIH above Horse Powers have been awarded the higliest pre-
miiKMs at tlie I'airs of the New ^'ork State Aj^ricnltural Society in
18M), and again in 1831; also, the liit,'lieKt I'rcnuiiin attlie Michigan
State Fair, at Detroit, IVIicb., in September, k-';I, where ainajority
of the Connnittee owned and u'<Te using Wheeler's I*<)wer8 on
their farms, having purchased them previous to seeing our own :
also a Gold Mfdal at the American Institute, in ISjl. It was also
exhibited at th»' State Fairs of Ohio, Maryland and PeniiHylvaiuH,
and received the highest awinls which could be given by ttie rules
of their Societies. In every case, it has been in eoinpetilion with
all endless chain Vo\v<ts of any note m this country.

Over SIX lll'.\l)lii:i) Kelts of the above Powers were soM and
put in use from June to. Ijiuuary last, not one being returned or failed.

Tn enable the public to digtinguiBh the abc-v • U 'r- T» w-r *>'-'n
all others, we here show its principal, and most important parts,
by diagrams and references — beside like diagrams and references
of the Rack and Pinion Power, as made by ourselves. Wheelers,
and others; and also the Hack and I'mion, with epicycloydal teeth,
which has long been BuccessfuUy used iii this vicinity, and which,
with our recent improvements, in its adaptation and application to
our Horse Power machinery, places it the l.rst on the list of Rack
and Pinion Powers.

a.a.a a.— Couplings upon the euds of the shafts fittineall f>,
pulliea and gears. »«»"uie

Fig 2. Shows a side and ed):(i view, Cenlar'j'ed.) of the couplm
F'ig.l. Side view of converge or internal gt-ar iind piiiKui ^'

Fig 1. Side view of one of the two reels, c.c, on tliemain ihaft.

Fig. 4. Fig. 3.

Top view of the Running Genr^ and n portion ofthf frame irork of H.
L.EMERY'S Patent Changeable Kailroad Horse Power.

Fig.l. A. A. — Mainsillsor timberof the powersupporting theshafts.
B.— Band pulley upon one of the shafts.
P.— Pinion or small gear upon the same sliaft with pulley.
C— Converge or internal gear upon the main shaft, and

working into and over the pinion,
b.b. — Main and counter shafts of power.
C.c— Reels upon the main shaft, which support the endless

flooring in its circuit, and carry theshaft.

^

□n

1

imr

«r.

a

Common Rack (tnd Pinion Poicer, as manufactured ly ourulvr,

W/ieiUrs and athers.

B. — Side view of one of the 72 (or .')6 on each side,) small truck, r
friction wheels, which traverse with the cu'lless tlfx rii;j—
being about '{^ inches diameter.

C — Side view of the 72 (or '.iu on each suie.) links or seginentiof
the chain, each of which are six inches long, as seen ton'
nected with others, a.a.a a. — The eyesof the liiiksaiidiraall
r-i.lH r-msKini' tlie uowcr finil cvtendiiU'' throiiuh tliC Iiiies. and
tar enotigli outside to receive tlie Binau irucKS.

A.— Side view of a section of one of the pinions or small cog whee'i,
two of which are placed upon the main s!iafr, aiKl receive
tiie motion and force from tiie cogs on the Iniksef the chaia.
Tins pinion is about four and a half iiu lies diaui'-tcr, and the
band pulley is used upon the sameshaft, which for ttirfih.iif,
is four feet (liairi.ter. The lower view represeutt the tcelii
or cogs, as seen with links inverted.

i 1 f

v\

Emery's Improved Patent Rack andPinion PvU"r,
uith Epirycloydal teeth.
Q, — Shows a side view of one of the links or sections of the cha.'i
of which there are but sixty, or thirty on a Bule, and arf
each seven inches long ; every alternate link is cast wittt
dowels, a. a a. a. a. a. projecting each side ; those on tli*" 'j'*''-'
connecting withjthe other links, while those on tlieDutsuiert-
ceivt; the truck wheels, thus avoiding the iiecepsitycf «'''^-
shafts, im^ expense of fitting up. The eyes of the links ar.a
truck wheels are east upon steel cliil Is— making a perteci,
and hard smooth surface, which will not wear (^r .^J'** "^
wliiletlie.l..wel8areRUincieiitlylargeaiid stroiie to wilhltaM
Hiore than the cogs themselves. k r ce

The lower edge of each link is widened equal to l"* '""
of the pinion, and the cogs made to extend the whole wwia
of the pinion, as shown m the lower cut, representing?
link inverted, presentinc: double the sfength and dnving *^ '
face, as shown in the last kind ; everv alternate link i« coo*
fined to the plank (looriiig bv a small .screw l'< 'it P<*»»'">
through a (iaiige upon the lUBi'de i^f the link, and under U.e
plank itself.

A.— Shows a section oC the pinion, which is a little larger in » ^^
eter than the last-the teeth ol which are epiO'C"^.,<.jj
form— as are those on the links working into *"^"J .^ the
rs acknowledged by nil mechanics and engineeis u ^^^^
strongest and most perfect form of teeth, and ^^"'\^jgcb
less friction and wear, as the driving surfaces present w

f

#

V:

I

( ;..cr I r .Ming, instead of sliding friction ; this kind of teeth,
on •ccount of their roundtd form, work much deeper into
each other, and have littlet>r no inclination to lift out of gear.
Tho last cut shows the construction of the truck wheels,
which are l; inches larger indiameter, aii<! r-v >'\.- on larger
circles at the ends <<( the power — giving tlo'iJi an advant.ige
<iver the smaller wheels. A section of u link is shown wuti
tde end of the fli>oring attached ; these plauivsare all one
inch wider, and consefpienlly wear up by use inu'h closer,
before bending or breaking under the weight 't tii'' animals.

As a Rack and I'mion I'ower, the latter hajscver\

itage

over the common kind in use; is manufaclnred at ;i .t.sd cust;
IS ciually strong and durable, and is more easily handled, as
Its woiglit 18 some two hundred pounds leas.

lather of the above kinds of p(nveis are offered to the public,
> . tiupon its own merit, with a full warranty as to workmanship,
iiinterial and <ii)eratiou, (and with a gu iTintre of n^'ht of using in
nil pnrts of the L'nited States.) subject to lie returind within three
in )aths— and purchase moiiev refunded. For [>rii.-es. A.e..see lllus-
U ited Catalogue, furnixhed gratis on ap;ilicatioii, nr by mail.

The first on the list, ta the lugtiewt in cwbt. and is found [ireferable
111 nil enses. and under all eircunKstaucrs. The power of' the re-
viving ;ilatforiii biing apjiln i! to tlu; main shaft, by means of reels
With larger diiinetrrs t'lau the pun ii;s ii.sed m the K.ack and Pin-
i<n\ Powers, tlie stress iij. ..'i tin- sr vera! parts is m no way as great
— aiiil liic !i:«l r'v ■ I Wf.ar or breakage, irom u.se or accident, is
removed. Tli'' uh ie of the gi-;iriiig conMsti . if leas than one sev-
r:itii the number of eogs in the Rnck iind Pinion Power : and these
af'* \t''i"'1 V r'liMved (roiu uhiIlt the liorses t > tin- nutsnle of the
; I .viT — 'r-''' fr )ai liirt, ilu8t,.V;c., and alwa\ s easily kept in order
..re cam- I, winch 18 an advantage over all Rack and Pmiou p.iw-
er.s This power has also tin- ad vantage 'if tlie cliauk^rig of force
an i vel(»city to .•icconimodute it to any variety of work, without
1 ; • additional cost or danger to the ijfariiig or othi-r p.arts. When
tlie mail shaft runs but fiicy six revo!ution.s per minute, the diainf-
ters of the gears are su'-h as l^- increase or decrease the velority
In two hundred and twenty-four, or as slow as fourteen revolutions
per minute, whenthe animal, 'either hori^.-g or oxen.) walk but two
miles per hour— being about two thirds the travel whicii is ne-es-
Siry With the Rack and Pinion Power, to jr idLie.- the same ed'eet.
Thuhut fact is one of its principal jVatur-'s, and of the grearest
iiaportance to the farm.r. The gearing, as wcl as piiKo-p mid
couplings, allagree. and can instantly be trans[>o8ed — e.a'h t. < each,
and side to side In this [xtwer the centers of motion of the gears
ore always in the same position to each other— requiring no guard
or binding truck over the chain above the pinions, to keep the
geirs together, as is absolutely necessary with all rack powrrs,
and which serve to check the force of the power ; and as the dri-
ving faces of the teeth on the rack become worn oif, the li>ss of
f-ree increases, until they eventually stop, break, or slip bv e.ieh
other. The length of the sections or Imksof the chain, as also the
width of the planks of the flooniit,', arr rui;.- as in the Itn;)r 'Ved
Kick Powerlast tiescribed With tiie above n !vaiita<;»-s t ge -her
with the epicycloydal form<»f teeth, adopf-d this season m its con-
striction, the superiority of this power IS readilv s.-eii

This power iiadmirably adapted fordrivmg Tliieshing Machines
Cireular ^-iwv Cotton Gins, as also .Machine Sh-i^s. Klevafors'
terrvH.its, Discharging and I^mding v.-sselB. I'l'r driving (>.««.
cutMwiiiir, Punii)imj,(Jrinding Grain, Chiirniag Mutter Cutttuir
H:ty and Stalks, Shelling Com. Grindiii- .\;.plc:s, \r. Thcauffle
et elevation uecrssary to op,.r;.tct:i;8 p. wcr. IS never greater, but
oltealeMthanrithcr of the others here described and which is
insi.le of .-•nvuM a half inches to the f .ot, with h.^rses weighing
l()iN)p.u„a5e.,.l,,,,n.l wifh.utanvh.riies.. It has also an adini-

w,rA"'''l'''''''V''V'''' :'''-''*''''- •''"'* titrhtening the chain, not po.-
>^^t«J^v.U/..ro/ ^«.,t'„r,-.tog,.ther with an uni-rove.! brake for
-..ppinK tne whole instantly-all within the power and independ-
w'^' .r/rj /'''', ^"'''''''- "'"' ''"••«"'>» re.pnrcto he ehaUe,],
••• rMr,! ''"" r^r Th.pullevnsed for threshing.

I'r f t u-^: 1 • '" '?; ^'''"'; ^''^ '''^^">-ter. to effect the same as a
' 'irt-et wheH wi?h the rack and Pi.aiou |V,wer

1 :. ad casr-9 the shnftin- of rxW machinerv m atinraefure,! .,vns ;.
^er V; br.'" "''''''^^T'' " '^'•«' t^'-y bei„. the „„,st durable and

A 1 )an> , .New \ ork, April, 1S.J3— 3m

l.^no AHF/NT.^ WAXTED.

THK lifeof l/v,ws Kossuth Governor of Hun-arv with notices

IheTvmU ? K .* » T-'"''"-*'''^^ KoH.sutirs .Address to

adr.LT.V'ft^'* ^ "'.'•■'' ^'"•■' • ""•' ^''- ""•'•t Mnp.,rtant of the
aldre,.es, etters and s;utci<.s of the ere.at M „^Nar Ch ef Hv
i.e. iieadlcy, author of '• Life of the 1 .,,. r ' i , ,' , ^.>

mrt^MJ^'n^»K*'''^''"''''"^'''^"^'>'*'elisve that from the abun iaat
Tn ;rih iVy' ur.u::rH " "' T -.'^'-^ ^'^^-th.r v-m, l,,.;'' wel
willn.>to v\;eol^,^,^^^^^ ?^--'t nungari.an Chie

with the ^^ih^^Zur^^r^l "r'^'*'"; ,'^'«" ^^'"^if'-v t.. be ranked
k; i, .„ ^J^'l'"'**f pro<luction8 of his pen.

(notairradv':;e^;::;;Ti:':.,7t;7«r""'"^ f'^ ^^"**^^ ^*'^'-'

lived that almost everv r- '. V ''^"^'*.„P:'P'»'^r woek It is be-

n.ty of Possessing the I fen;.fr''^K''''' ^/^'^^^ ^^ '»'« ^PP"^^""
yueh i. iht present indir^tr * ,*P*^<'^^''» '^^ »»'« noble Hungarian.
work. ^ Addre« " ^'"""^ U"* "nparalleled sale of the

March, 1808 ^^'>*^"s of Popular Books, Auburn, N. Y.

•iualuy IS

i:i a

liiLaiLi iMi'i:(»\ i;i> k.^t.m i,> aad valu\-

JiLE TiMl^KK LAM),
0)1 Tj.ir.r James Jiiver, For Sale.

THK undersigned prevented by eiigagemenfs, requiring his un-
divided attention else wnere, from residing i-n his estate, will uell
publicly, (unless previouslv sold privately, of which due notice
will be given.) before the BoUiiigbrook Hotel, in the city of Pe-
tersburg, Virginia, at 11 o'clock, on \Vedne8day, the 2tith day of
.May next, without reserve or regard to weather, that valuable
body of highly improved arable and heavily limbered land, extend-
ing up the nortii side of James river, from the Chickahornony riv-
er, in the county of Cliarles City, Virginia, about .') niiks, well
I known under the general designation of SANDY I'liiNp.' 'j'|,jg
' estate lies 3-3 miles below Petersburg, 45 miles below i; ichin..|id.
: and abM.u i ."> above Norfolk, in what is justly considered tuc fiiusc
' an<l ni'-st cxtcn.sive erain gtowmg region of Virginia. mkI as
healthy as any on tidawit-T. Spring andwell w.ater abuii,|,i"i,t
and i;o<h1 Tne whole triet cont.iin.s 4,1 I acr. .i ( .f uiisur'.;i.sscd
natural liuality, of wiiicii -J,!-') li.ive been thrice wiue.j.and ar'c i;,,\v
111 a higii and Hn'-ces.sl nl .state ,.f cultivation, ui-mi ti.e hve fie,,|'r,,-
tatioii, with more than .'lOO .acres well .set in clov>-r T;ic 'n' arc •
cnietiy in Wood and timber, emiiraciiig a l>oih oi H..rne >•{ the l.rst
timbered land in Eastern \'irgiiiia, coiiVi'iKent to |/..,.(i ii.ivii/at'ion
.M irl .ahoiinds on til.' n ver, and St' 'Ue Lini'; of e.vcelleiit
G l-'2 cents per bushel.

The suS divisions are .as f >!! ^w.s —

TUF, .M'.t'K — contains li-^l acr. s, .'.')! bmel, ,',,vered, and
liieh st.ate of cn'tivation; id-' m wood and tiiiMier, am! j , j iii»-a(Jo\J
or m.arsh laiul well meadowed and rccl.umabie at small ext>cnse
.\ valuable winter Fishery belongs to this farm. HI ll.l)i,\(,s
A sm all new I'rame dwelling, sinnke hou:se. iii-^ro houses ilil/e
.and large barn, w.th stationary Horse power and Bh.-ltcr.

LDWKR TF.DlM.rO.N— contains ftil acres, .V;u limed, cl.,ver-
ed, Ac, 'lj'2 principally m woihI and timber, anj 31 in recluiiimbl*
meadow. BFl [.DINGS— .\ new frame dwcllintr witfi J r 'omsand
a passage, negro hoii.se.*", a largeand well arr!iiii,'ei| |,,irn, witli ata-
ti()nary horse power aiul shelter; two largf? sialjles for horses, ox-
en, »Vc , extensive hav house and spacious an<i well arrainjed
buildings, for the protection of wagons, carts and all f.armmg
utensils. Ac.

IPPFR TFDINGTON-the Family Residence. Contains 775
acres, 53*2 limed, clovered, Ac. '229 princi[»al v in wood and tim-
ber, and U in reclaimable meadow. BlILDl.NGS — acomni'Hlious
wooden dwelling, large two storied kitchen and laundrv, ice honse
new and spacious carnage house and stable, servants' jiouses Sec '
Ac. Also, a new H irn, part whxI and ^)arl brick, with 4 ii .. r.s'
<i) liy :i> feet.iiid a wing HO by .'>() fee , With bone, p'aster, saw and
erist mills. In the barn there is all tlhe necessary machinerv lor
threshing and winnowing wheat, shelling aiul grinding corn and
sawing timber, all etTectnallv driven hy a IG hor.se power stationa-
ry enjfine m complete order and conditinti A lar^e orchard stock-
ed with every variety of fruit, in successfu' bearing is attached U)
this f.M m.

ri'l'KR (^lARTKR— contains PHo acres .'>|r, lime.l, clovered,

Ac, -Jlio prin<-ip;illy III w.mhI and tnii!>cr lU'lLDlNGS— A small
frame <i welling, kitchen, laiindr,, fiU' ke 1; iis". negro houses, \turi\
with st.ationary horse power and .si,r ter and staKle.

Facli of the .above f<inr larnis iia.s .a river fr-ait, with 1 iin',iu:.s-,
at which wharves can '>e ♦•re<'te.l cheaply an 1 coii\-.';.;ei!t'\ if ,'V.'
Bircil. To " I'j^pper Tediiigt(Mi," witlin K'O feet of the b.im, h«<.
lones anew, c. iininodious and siilist.anti.a! wharf at nhu h the
lar<j:est size vessels lie. steamers, se.a andrivei, p.iss f \\ ice a ia\ ,
("re pientlv oftener, pivine between Petersburg, RiclnH' .ii 1, Nor-
folk, Baitimc>re, Philadeiphia and New York

In addit!on to the a'" 'Ve described t'our firms aiul t,ni!"r and
wo.hI land th^ret' at!.ich»'(l. are the following valii il^e t.ii.' , r .o d
wood lots eligibly 81 tnate(!. eonv<*nient to na yi;; itiai. wiv h will
make t'arms as desirable and productive as those a''-'\e d^.^crlbed :

No, 1. containing '21.') acres ; No. 2, !'*,{ acres; No. 3, '211 ler
No 4, 2*2;{ acres ; and No. .'i, 147 acres.

Mr. Nicid, residing at Sandy Point, will be prepared to showthe
property in my absence, and a particular and thorough examina-
ti'>n is invited at any time previinis to the day of 8;ile. Accurate
plats of tvudi Kub division have been prepared and are ready for
in«(pc<>tion. PiHsesssion of tin- timbered lands given iiiiiaediafely
.after the s.ale ; of the f'arnis at the eml of the year, u.t.h tiie privi-
le;re previouslv, <^f fallowing and sendin? wheat.

TI^J.MS : — For the farms, one -ti ft h cash, the balance in five equal
annual inst.i'meiits from the 1st Jaiiiiar>, IM.'b For the timbered
lands, one-thinl c.asli, and the balance in three equal annual instal-
ments from dav of sale. The credit pa\menls to bear interest and
to be secured by deeils and bonds, or notes with npprr)vd ser nritics
or endorsers. RoHT B. B()LMN«;.

Petersburg. Virginia. FelTuarv. l'^.'*?

W.M PA.NMLL A SONS. Ancfrs.

ALDKIIXKV A\n IMriloVKl) .^Hoiri' \\n\l\

(WITLK.

THREE thorough bred Alderney BULLS, from nine to eleven
months old, raised from the clioicest unporfed slock. Also, two
thi^rough bred young short h<>rn Bulls, ten months old, raised on
the farm of Mr T. P Remington, near Philadelphi.i. and for 8.a!e
bv AARON CLF.MFNT, Agent for the purchase «nd wile of im-
proved stock. Cedar street, above 9th street, Phi-iJelphia.

Februarv 'id, 1852.

e»

30

AOVKlv'TlSEMENTS.

\\

rinr

1 v.')2.1

ADVnRTISEMEXTS.

31

tt,ii«>MUi>*'a<).jk^

■pwrm»>.rm''M: vu^'jmmrt^KsmPMJ.m i^k.<BFtr3^i«t*a»MW»*«CT

Seed and A{;ricultural U areliouse,

]<lo. 29. Tliar^d S/ret'/, P/ij/a.

WHERE the 8ul)Bcrit)pr has ooened an extensive assortmrnt of
GRASS AND GARDEN SEEDS, of his owD raisiiig,or rcceiit impor-
tation, and warranted to l)c as represented. ■ , ,

He 18, also, inanufaeturinp: all tlie most approved Agricultural
Implements, among wliich he would call the attention ot Farm.rR
to R new article of flow, of liis own invention, called CabL tr^leel,
Kxtendnig Point, Self-Sharpening, Surface and Subsoil Plows,
which for duralulity and easy of draft is yet uneciualled.

Tlie great advantages these Plows possess over all others, are
trieir peculiarconstruetion and the suliatitntioiiof Cast-Steel in the
place of Cast Iron, which only wants to be seen to be appreciated',
all of which will ue sold on the most reasonableiprices by

j^i5^y c n fiog?:rs^

i

NURSERYMAN *:;::, S E E D G ROW E R,

MAS iiKvjiys (.11 haiivi ;it It is seed Skmh, !<7, Chennul
Street, I'hilad.-ljiliiri, a l;ir-;<' stock of Seeds of his own
growlli, a very iniiiOiUintiLni tj {lurchd^'trs^nn In* i.sa practical <jrow-
er,and has been engaged in his profession over :{ii \ «ars. Hisimrse-
ry grtiunil is amply stocked with l-^nit.Shadc ami Ornamental Tr<'cs,
accurately named and properly cuitivated. l',vcr\ aiticlc s
the lowest rates, and warranted to be as represent. d.

Seed Store, <»7 Chesnnt Street. riiilad-'Ipliia Nur.scrics an(
Farm, Darby Road, two miles bcluw Cjray's Ferry

June I, 18.j1.

Soli

at

R. nrisT.

FRUIT AND ORNAMFXTAL TREES, &C.

THE subscriberssolicit attention to tiieir immense stock of Xar-
gery urticb's, comprising

Standard and Dwarf Fruit Trees, f(»r the Orchard or Garden ,mi.-i,u
healthy and beautiful trees, of all the best varieties in cultivation
Hardy Omainental Trees and Shrubs, for parks, cemeteries, pleas-
ure grounds, d(Kiryards, &c.
Roses and Dahlias IMiloxes and P.i-nies, one of the best collections
m the United Stat-s C(»mprisiiig every novel and hue variety to
be obtained in Fauope, selected by us in person.
Green House and Bedding Plants, comprising the newest and best
Fuchsi IS, Cliry8inthinnuin.s, VerDenas I'elnnias. and other pop-
ular plants fur Urecn Houses, or for the Summer decoration of
gardens . .

New and Rare Evergreens, such as Deodnr Cedar, Anracana (Chi-
li Pine,) Cryptomeria, Pinns excelsa. &,€., &e., the most com-
plete collection. IJesidesall the eoinmon sorts in lari,'e (juantities.
All orders executed and forwaideil in 8tri<'t compliance with
directions and packing done in a style so peifect as to secure the
bafe transmission of aUieles to the most distant points.

A general descriptive catalogue will be forwarded e^ntis to all
whoapplv post-paid and remit postage 5 cts. under GOO miles, 10 c.
from TjOO to lOOO miles.

A new catalogue of Dahlias, Fuchsias, Verbenas. Roses and
Beiidiiu? Pl.ints. for Spring of IKVi. is jn<t issued and will also be
or warded gm«M. EI.EWANGEIl fc liWiRY.

Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, New York.
March 1852:

HKNRY r.TRlPrER,

[Successor to Joseph P. //. Coates.)
Dealer in Cra^s and C.ardcnSceds.

No. 49, Market Street, Philadelphia.

joriix AT- or THE nrwKiJX institete,

of the K<tate of J\mi.s'i//rinil'!,J'or tin j>i<'m"/ii'n of f/ic

Michahic Arfs.

^'111'. oldest Mechanical Periodical extant in America. is published
- on the lirslof each month in the City tif Fliiladelphia. it has
been regularly issued for upwards of twenty-five years, and is
carefully eilited by a committee of sci«Mititic pcntbnien appointed
for till' purpose, by the Franklin Institute.

The deservedly high reputation, both at home and abroad. which
this Journal has ac()nired and sustained, has given it a circulation
and exchange list of the best character, wliich enables the Com-
mittee on Fublications to make the best selections fr()m Foreign
Journals, ami to give circulation to original communications on
mechanical anil scientific subjects, and notices of new inventions;
notices of all the Patents issued at the Tateiit 0;ric<-, Washington
City, are published in the Jiairnal, together with a lari;e amount of
iut"ormition lui Mechanics, Chemistry, and Civil Engineering, de-
rived tVinii the latest and best authorities.

This Journal is published on the fir>t of each month, each num-
ber containing at least seventy-two pages, and f()rms t vo volumes
annually of about 4:{-2 pages each, illustrated with engravings on
copper and on w<M)d of those subjects which require them.

The subscription price is Five Dollars per annnm, payable on
the completit>iiof the sixth number; and it will be forwarded free
of postage when five dollars are remitted to the Actuary (postage
paid) in advance for one year's subscriptiim.

Communications and letters on business must be directed to "the
Actuarv of the I'ranklin Institute, Philadelphia, rennsvlvania,"
the postage pa d. VVM. HAMILTON,

August 1, 1831. Actuary, F. I.

'IV 1 AUMLUS, rj-AMKUS,

^^■^RKET GARDENERS k OTHERS. 1'KE1'.\RE1) OR ARTIFlCM

GUANO— Mamifavturcd only by KESTISJid- ri>
Depot No. 40, Peck ^Sl^p, New York.

Mils manure is so combined, that the Ammonia and other ffr
tiliziiig gases are absorbed, fixe<l,and are given out ttivree-
tatioii only as it re^iuires them. No rot, mildew, worm, il',,,
other insect can approach it: an important consideration tofarnnri
generally, but particularly in potato planting It will Le adtinrabiT
adapted to tiie renovation, restoration and fertilizing jif guch lau,^
as have been worn out.

It may be used broadcast, after the ground is plouglieil, and ihfi
harrowed in with the seed, it is also valuable us u top dfcuii,.
Six acres per day can be thus manured in a day by one inun.

It may I.e used with the greatest ad\anlagc on Corn, l'ot;ito?'i.
Wheat, Tobacco, (iarden V'e-i^rtables, I{ye. 0;ils, (ireeii H, ii>«
Plants, Flowers, Vines. Wall !• riiit. iV c .ami more than a ihouiai;^
cei t il'ieates from the niosl ce lei 'rated i'anners and (iariU-iirrf, m
l>e shown, all test Hying in the highest terms to its [;reat value ;iji
fertilizer. A |)amphkt containing thcBc certificaleB can W hai;
by applying to the uiauutaetiirerK 'I'hkiuhk is cxlv rtsg fj^^
I'KB I'or.M). it is [iut up in bbLs. averayiiig 230 lbs., or in cutu
from 10(10, to 1100 U.S.

'i'F.KMS, ( .ash. or approved credit on delivery Persons «•;«.
iiiU tohny the article to bell ay;aiii will be allowd a hbcriii cmc-
misKioii. Address Ki:.\'ri>l I A CO.

.Xiiij. I, ISOI. No. 4U, Peck ^llp, New Yinit

FAIIMKIIS r^PvOTKCT \()V\\ 1K)ISKS^: BAllN^

So many accidents have happened from liiihtniiig (hiriiiif t;,f ...r
Stiiiinier, that every prudent and carelnl tanner Bli(>uld at . ;.
a/lopt snch means as will he most etrectuai m preventing; tlun. -
When it i.s remembered that certain satVty may he Becur>'il ,)! i
vervtnilin"- »\iw'nse. it becomes the dntv ot every farmrr a. .
good citi/.eii to avail iiim.seii ine pront-ren means liysodert
he not Old V secnres his pioju I ly ! rom hn- by liglitiiiiig. bill pr -
teets also his (amily and tlio a; around him. These are iinpiti.:
Coiisidii;i[iniis :ind should have -r<;it weight. Those who Orlifi
a Liuhtiiini: Rod, p'-oiiounced by tiie tirst Scientific men m ■'.•
c^miitrw the very last in use, will hinl it on application to TH('>
A l{ .M I'l'AGE. at his Magnttic Lightnini^- Ko'l Factory, Vine Str-t.
3 doors above 12th, Philadelphia. These Rods are finished witti^
the improvements at nearly the same pi ices as the old kiiiJ. ,i'

TTM HKUE.\.M> NURSEKIES.

Mil! : i^roiirieinr of the above establishment, in calliiiff theater-
tion of the public t(» his present stock of l-'ruit and t)r!ii!r:
Ti' cs. Shrnb.i, Plants Viaes, iV c . would call especial alte;.'. ■
his extensive stock ot well grown and beautiful Apple Trf'J.ri!-
bracing si complete collection, collected from several huii'^rr ' ■• .■
ri( ties under culture at these Nurseries, and such only reservtJ : :
general ciilli valion, as have proven by actual test to be worthri
place lU the prudent muirs orchard ; yet lor the curious, r'
who wish to test for ihemselvcs, he is |)repared to supplv c
erate (piaiitities. nearly every varietv enumerated in the caUlejnf

111 addition to the above, he has .also a few linndrril thou»«!;>.
extra lari;." and fine Sweet Apple Trees, eiyht to twelve im;"'
lush, (for stock iVedinj,'.) wliudi he will sell at from §75 to S^J P«f
thoiiH and. at the Nurseries .a-id no inrther chirijes lor pf" -
simply to e .ver cost. 'I'hese lastare otlercd so uiiiisu;illy -w
account ot hi.s wisJiiu- to clear a l"c\v acres of his «n'Ui"l »"/
sprinir. All the above aitieles will be disposed of on ihemeit.''-
era' terms.

I'l^'All orders, post paid, ciiclosinc the cash, <
relerenee. will lie puneliially attended to, and a.
■ ' "v^. iiarked, and f(jrwar(lt(l l" wherever ore

lahe

pari
AddierfS,

DAVIP .Mild. IK .Ir.
Cumberland NurserieB, Carlisle. »»

for the

■^TOCK Cattle of all the diflerent breeds, sheep,

I to an;
inniuesi"" ^vi

cor

the Ihiiled States, t'or which a mo<lerate

charged. The followini; are now on the list, and for sale, ^i*'

Tin

ifoimli

t)re(

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

1 Short Horns and Crade Cattle.

Alderney do
Ayrshire do

Devons do

South Down Sheep.
Oxfordshire do
Leicester do

do
do
da

r a .<;nti9l'afUTT
trers carci'u '

, red

ACiKXCY , , ,

purchase and sale (f improved onca (.

Annuals.

■wini*-!^""^

. , Repurchased to order, and carctully shipped ^_'^/'"- j!^,[' j,|

Swine and Poultry of difTerent breeds. All leters Pf"/ f^'i

Address A.MU)N CLF> KNT-

Cedar st . nlnm- 9th_Ph'»

be jiromptly attended to
August I, 18:>1.

GUANO AM) rLASTi:K.

rilll", subseribora offer for sale at the lowest market ratei,
-I 1000 Tt»ns Dry Patagonia Guano,

500 "■ Government Peruvian Guano,
.im) bbls. Ground Plaster. rtM^mi^^i

The quality of the above is unsurpassed, and can ne JJ^'TJij;^
ed with confidence to farmers and others in want oi ino |

A liberal deduction made to Country ^I^'f^i'jJ"}*MpTrni T^
No. 2-2 &, 23, S. Wharves, First Store above Chcs. »t >

i

i i;L11 .v (ii;NA.\ii;NTAI. TKKl'.S, M'.

The iubucribers solicit the attention of Nurserymen, Orchard ista
did .Vmuteurs, to Iheir piesent large ml ime stock of Nursery Ar-

^SiaM^ard Fbttit Trkks, for Orchards; thrifty, well grown, and
hniidsonie, of all tlie best varieties.

Dwakf Tbkbs, t'or Gardens. The largest stock m tiic country,
an^l the most complete. . r .. i

l)\v\RK Pkab Thbku. Our collection consists of well known
leudun? varieties, and numbers more than IjO,0<X) saleable trees —
Tlie superiority of these, being grown lu the country, over import-
fd trees IS well known to every intelligent cultivator. Notliim,'.
u\ fact, III this country, can equal our collection of I'ear Trees —
'llifv can be had trom one to four years growth, some of which
are in'W covered with fruit.

DwAKK Ari'LE Tkeks. We cultivate in lanre quantities the
hrstiiiid handsomest varieties of apples on Domain and Paradise
slockH t"or luvaris and Pyramitla. and can fnrnisii tin-ui in large
fpiiiitities. from "ne t" two \ eais i^rowtti.

Dwarf Cheukv 'I'i:ia;- .All tin- leadin-,' varieties are cultivated
(■i .Mahaleh stocks, exteiisiveiy. We can 1 nrnisli by tue iiiindrcd
au.i thousand, from one to twi> ye.ars iirowfh.

CilKRRY Currant, the largest variety kii own. I'pwards of l.oo'i
plants on hniid.

KNiiLl!«H (iOO-iEBKnniKS. all the la'St Sort.S.

Large Fruited .M on i i; i v K .\-ri'i.ui, y, that im vea a cri ip (if fmc
ffii.t III the autiunn.

Sthawbkrriks, all tlir Ik st .SoitS.

Ornarneiitrtl Shad-' Trees, of good size, for streets, paiks eViv,
large and well grown.

111. )iee Trees and Shrubs, for lawns and pleasure grounds, in-
dii Ims: all the finest, new anil are articles recently intriMluced.

Hardy E\eui;rkkn Trees. Norway Spruce and Hulsam Fir, of
small size, ill large quantities; and :i moderate supply of l.irge
ours, besides nearly fit'ty new and ""are lOvergreens, including Deo-
i.ir Cedar. Cedar ><( I.ebniioii, Ch !i Pine, Cryptoineria or Japan
Cedar, Himalayan Spruce, &c., &c.

Roses, Peonies, a large and complete collection, including the
fiii'-Kt varieties.

Phloxes. A collection of upwards of sixty varieties, including
thirty new varieties imported last spring.

Dahlias. Upwards of 100 select varieties, including the finest
Kinrlish prize tlowers of 1849 and IMO

The following CiiUilogues, giving full infc rmation as regards
tfrrns. prices, Ac. will be sent gratis to all who apply by postpaid
ietters or at the otfice.

1st. a tJeneral Descriptive Catalogue.

2d. a Whidesale Catalogue.

3<l. a Catalogue of Select (ireen House Plants.

4th, a Special Catalogue of Dahlias ami IJeddinc: Plants, for 1951.

KI.LW.\N(iKll A DAKKV,
Mount Hope and Garden A .Nurseries.

^fpt- 1851. Rochester, N \

TIIE MODEE .MlCItlTECT,

A .svn-.y nforiyinal dc^'iyns for C( ft fa yes, ]'iI!o.f, Sit-
hurlxni lit.sidences, Country Churches, Si-hool-

Unuses, (tr., (('v., I,y S.tmiirJ Slnan, Arr't.
rheaU.ve work is degi^ned'to mi.m t llir w.shes not onlv of f!i,i«c
dire,::lj interested m buildup, but oi all tins, who d.-sire t!o- ad-
v.o.ceinent ot this noble art m our counlrv. and wish to ,u:ti vat,-
M«-ir taste and aeq-iaint nice with .ar.dnte.dnr.-. 'Vnr handsomr
miim..r i„ whiet, ,t is prepar.-d and cnlM-i'islod. rend, rs it a taste-
1*- ornament I. r the drawinu r... .m, wi.iic itsacrur.dr de:mcat!ons
g'Ve It the hiKhent practical v.ain-

lh.^pr..;ect..r will find ,„ It ev rv varietv <.f slsie and .lesipn.
^'•e.Mn.Mtuied as nienti.Mied below. On all mniutia ne,-, s.v,rv tocn-

'u.m r"n. ^ "* ""' ''*" "'•'^' ''"■''• ^^'"'"'"l danger.,! liMMngthose
'u; •• r.ais and expensive mistakes which so often occur

111, , ir'jr.T''^'''*',i''''*''' "'" '■^'■'■V ^''''^*' ^^'" ^""' »''♦-' work of ines-
«r" r'fJ » '^!«"''-"Pl'-tcbook of reference, and a'l plates

t. stud, h T ^l^'\ ''''^''.^''^ "^"'''"^ accuracy, so that he has only
los Md> then, with his ruie ai,d compass.

m. , Imrm.i.i'o'r'i''?'"'";'.' •''" ^'^^'^^' numbers each, to l,e issued
K v.;k« rj^'^'r, Kaeh number c,»ntains four l.ithograph
*^i to «,, 1 r'^rV"' ''"""^"'- ^='^^'"" '" «•"«' "»' erection from

«> Ad u iii^erT;.;"""''''''^ »''^"'«' ^^ ' ^^ «*•«'«'»•«

of th^: , leZ I oiJ. '''V'*^ '' »^^'«^'» "'f lelter-preas, <leseriptive
ai..ted e,M^ //^ ♦•xtended ac. ounts of the various .tvles
r.hcS .;,. ^^\ „V ' r':.?:'''^' ventHation, *c., Ac, elaborate spe-
«'therr ci^" ".^^^^^^^^^ ";.»'"'^' «^'»'^^ thimr desirable,

Uie whnl. "' L":'';;, ' ['' f^«»"«' '"f-rmation. in beautiful tvpe

expressly f .r he w rk p':" ''"^.V/^r.^^'^-^^ P'M-t, mauufactu/ed
t y •< r me Work. Prick fid CF.NT.S A M'\TIipp

Address, port-paid , K s JON rC 1 n i Vi i

^ I' J3 J".\I> ,^ Co., Publishers,

Persons f..Txvnrdin.r „ |..) >**«'• ^^^ "'"' '^•»f^' ^^s . Phila.. Pa.
•he c.,.h. shal 7ece ve a 1 i.tl? .'^''' -ub.seribers accompanied with
"''=«'ve a sixth copy gratis. gept-ly

kAd

uut enclosed,

JAMFS 0»0ONN0R,
Ail ocder. wUl r.c.ive prompt afrcBllony ' """Tstpt-TeM''

SCrawberrv Plals^I/^^^^^^^^^Y PLANTS.

td bv the hundre.l or thouTnH L.^k"*'/''*" """^ ""'' ^""'^^^ '•'^" »^«
►• addressing wilh amount endosod^ V'^'^ ^^^ Si per hundred,

MOX'K.OMKHY'S

rXlMVALLKD l^ll'l;<^\ 1.1' KOCKAU VV

M l.i.EM.i:.

This celebrated FAN has been thoroughly tested and found to
excel all others now in use forcleaning lae dillerent kindsof gram.

This improvement by .Mont;:ornery A: Hrothcr, coasuts m u d..»i-
ble shoe — the larger 8ht>e — A as coiurnonly attiiched to winnowing
machines, having grooves into which the screens, sieves or sieve
boards are slid and rest

D The curved apron upon which the gram falls after passing
lnr(»ugh a hopper above.

C- The door which is made to extend across the curved apron
B, and opening back on hinges towards the front end ol shoe A,
rests Hat upon the front part of the apron U. The gram jiafcars
along the curved apron li and liirough tlie aperture i>f ine do«<r C
and fails U[vin the screen I) underneath. The apron is carried
over the screen D on to the screen undernealli, whilst tlie sereen-
ingH pass through the screen D into tne shoe G underneatli. and ar«
carried aloiit; tiie bottom ot the shoe G to ilie ceniie, wiierea spoilt
H receives the screenings ami carries them down behind into u
box below the bottom ot tiie shoe A. The gram is carried back on
to the gram board underneath perfectly screened.

Tlie persons who have alreaily U(ieil these GllAI.N FANS have
not only spoken in tlattermg terms of them, but prefer them to all
otiiers they have used — ami very many of the best Ajfrieulturjfcts
have given their certificates that the laetof thi'Se machines sereeii-
ing the gram twice by one ami the same opera timi is ihe verv im-
provement they have hnig desired. (>ur fanners will now h.ave
the most perlVet winnowing machine, which spreads the gram
over the upper screen nmre perfectly than any others now in use.
Tins improvement is so valuable as to have inducetl the inventors
and maiitiru tnrers to make application f.r Letters Patent.

Al: ordt rs li;r the machines will be proinptlv attended to by Ihc
undersigned J .MONTGUMIIKV A HUOTIIKH'.

S. pt 1851. Lancaster city, Pa

Tiii;i-iiLn-(iUo\\i;u\sii.\M)-],()wK.

laiei ur.igtd by the very warm commendations of this work, re-
ceivcil alike from experienced Horticulturists and iroin the whoby
inexperienced, the author ventures wilh some confidence to sub-
mit It to the public at larKC.

Notes of all the important questions on fruit culture aske<l of the
writer diirinjT the hibt ten >ears, with a thorough researcli of I o-
midogieal works, have contributetl to render tins volume as com-
plete as possible, in c<u)venient compass.

To the lot-holder who wishes to iiuike the most of a few plants
and little rixun. as well as to the extensive plai.tt r who wisfies to
arrange and cultivate his gardens iii the inont eccuiomical and pro-
fitable manner, the Hand li<.H>k will be found u useful coinpaniou
for t'requeiit reference.

ly I'ricc, FiFTV CKNTS. Two copies, post free, f . r !?!.
Address, WM G WAKING.

•ept. 1851. Bi>ulsl)urg, Centre to., Pa.

iKU i;LE-ACTIX(i. EIIT AM) FOKCE 1»IMES

The subBcril)er munufactures Double-acting Lift and Force
Pumps, of all sizes, for

Facti»ries, Mines, Railway Water .^^lalnuis.

Breweries, SteambiKits, Steamships.

Tan Works, Ships, Water Boats,

Hot Liquids, Faniilv Purposes. Ac.

VILLAGE ANDFACTOKV FHtK ENGINFS.
Garden F.iiiiines, Cistern Pumps. Well Pumps, for any depth re-
quired, Hons Couplings, Copper Rivetted Hose of all sizca, Orna-
mcntJil aeCast-iron Fountains. Ac.

Purcliasers are respeetl'uliy invited to call.

Any coiuiuunications bv mail wil' have immedinte attention.
G. B. FARNAM, M Cliff St., near Fulton, N. Y

ilG#r BINDING TEXT CUT OFF

&jaC*!!£kka^"'„"'^# ji'ltLa" '*-''^'"''*

32

ADVKllTFSKMKNT??.

fArnir

owtli, from the liuil !
icirit's ; 0.01)0 Dwaif PcHra, encli cniitiiiii-

A. an air cliMiiihcr — IV !)!)ily of r.uii — C. valve rhnmht^ra — D.
valve — F. coupling Tor dclivt-ry pipe— II. coupling for tlrivmg pii)e.

J. Ji. c iiK iii:sti:k,

NO. 23, SOUTH EKJIITII STRKllT, PmLADKI.riHA,
AGENT for I>irkinliiuca r«ti;iit linpioveJ Hydraulie Ram,
Force Pumps, Street Stops, Fire Plugs, aiul Hydraulic Machinery
m general.

The superiority of these Ivtittis over a(l others is the great
amount oi water thrown to that wasted, the hirge size they c;iii be
constructed, the durability of them, as well as the small amount
(rt attention and repairs they recjuire — many running at present for
4 and 5 years, without any repair. At the present tune there are
in the United States, Cuba, Mexico and South America, about
Slini) in successful f)peration.

The town of Naples in the .State of New York is supplied with
water by one of these Rams, throwing 20,000 gallons a day. Many
more could be mentioned if space wt)ul(l pcTinii.

Persons wishing Rams sent to them by lueasuring the ainmint of
water their brook or spring affords, per minute, the head and fall
tiiey can procure, the elevation to be overcMiie, and distance to be
conveyed, can have the proper Ram and Pipe sent them, wltli di-
rections for putting up.

The expense, in most cases, is smaller tlian a well and pump —
liCtters post-paid, wdl meet with prompt attention. Wlien desired
an experienced person will be sent to put them at a small adtiition-
al expense. Lead and Iron Pipe for sale. These Rams are war
ranted in every respect. (Jan. 1S52. -

FRUIT ANDORNAMENTAL TIIKKS FOK SALK.

fjO nnn I'eacli Trees of one and two years gr
40,000 Apples; :).000 C

ing all the most esteemed varieties, and oC Inrge size. Also,
(^Muiu-es, Plums, Xeetariiies, Apricots. AlniiHids, (ii^apes. Raspber-
ries, (jooseberries, Currants. Mrawberries, \c., tVc 50,000 Silver
and Ash-leaved Maple Seedlings of <ine years growth ; 50,0{K) Ap-
ple Seedlings. The above will be sohi on the most reasonable
terms. Per8i)ns residing at the south and west should send their
orders early. Catalogues with prices annexed will be sent to all
applicants. ISAAC PIJI.LF.N,

February, 1852— 2 mos.) JIighstuwu,Mercerf o N Jersey-

COTTAGE FURNITURE.

WARWICK & Co., are constantly mannfaetiiring new and ap-
propriate designs of enamelled, painted and Cottage I'liniiture, of
warranted materials and workmunship. Suits of Chamber I'-nrm-
tnre consisting of l>in:SSI\(; III'IJ I'.Ar, HFDSTI'.M). WASII-
f'TAND. TOILKT TAHLF,, and FOIH (WNi: S1:aT (.UIAIPS,
as low as $30 per suit, and upward to SlOO, gotten up in the most
Bui>erb style.

Tln^se who are ahout furnisliing lintels, cottages, or eity, resi-
dences, should call and see this style of furniture, which for cheap-
ness, durahility and elegance is far preferable to the old lieavy
kinds of mahogany, Ace.

Orders from all parts of the country promptly attended to and
carefully packed. WARWICK A CO.

Warerooms, No. 4 and 6. South Seventh st., between Chestnut ft

Market streets, Philadelphia, sept.-c,ni

TTENKY A. DrtEEPx'S

SEED AND HORTICULTURAL W A IM.TIOUSE,

No. 59, Chosniit st., near 3d, Philadolj>hia.

Constantly on hand a large and well selected assortment of

Garden, Field, Grass and Uardfn Seeds, Fruit Trees, Crape VituSj

Reses, fc
HoTticwlturnllmplementsin great variety.
Catal9gi«t forwarded on post paid application. (tep.-lt

IMPORTAiM TO FARMERS!

JESSE KORKIIT'S 1\\TKNT UMTKD .^TATES

AM) ski: I) FAX.

^^ ASA W A K I) E I> THE

TO

CHAIN

W II I C II

FIRST i>i:kmii;m

.■\t (he Pennsylvania Agrirultural I'air, after atrial the fairnpMi'
whieh could not be disputed. These Fans, the inventor coiifidei.l-
ly as.serts, are the only ones now in use entirely adequate to t^
wants of tin.- farmer. The object of the, inventor was not direcv
alone, to the purpose of eleaniiig gram, but of cleaning it -
saving at the same time the fanner the trouble of gathern:
from tlie lloor, thus not only avouiing labor, but keeping the gr.i..
from the dirt on the floor. In addition to this, these Fans, poiwa
jp-eater atlvant.iges than those constructed upon the old plaa —
These advMUtai^es are as follows:

First. 'I"he arrangement is such, that a quick shake can be ob-
tained bv turning slowly, thus securing when ilrsired, a leMquia-
tlty of for small seeds.

Second. U'hen in'eess;iry a slow shake can he secured, by rap«
turning. This is of imintuse advantage, as it adapts the fan, k'
the cleaning of all kinds of Heeds.

Third, A'new method of adju.sling the riddles mid screws. TTiii
gi\es the operator the advantage of plueing them in any p'«ili"«
bes. aiiapted to aceoinplisli the pnrposfg of a grain Fan. Kverr
ruldle and screen lias a separate adjustmen*, so that each one caa
be fix'-d at anv ancle without the iieees.sitv of taking them »^ut

Fourth, The t:ram, instead of tailing on the lloor, as is usua?};
tlie case, is discharged, by means of a small tnnigh, into the li3«
bushel, or other measure; that m;iy be phieeil under it. By ^""*'"
rangement the grain is all im'iisured, by the tune it is cle*n«.
thus saving not only labor, but time, and' consecpiently ^^r^"'^'"
well as keeping the gram fr.un e<-ntaet with the dust and ilift '»«'
floor. For this reason; the tan, can be put in operaMiH Mnywh'j'^
with as little trouble as the common fans can be ust'>l ma w^
lloor.

Fii'th, The simplicity of their constructions renders them »«*
'ia!)le to get out of repair than other mills. _ .,

l" or the above rea.son8. we confidently recommend oiir ^
jMildic pntronage. Privile^res to manufacture will be i;r;intf(.

rrnsi)u;il

le terms. Satistact<iry miormation can ne prompt^^'^
by addressmu: vostpaiil, the Bubseriber at Norrisf.iwr,. ^''I' :' '
ryco.,Pa. ^^ ^ ' JKSSL UUliKR^^,

Nomstown, December, 1, Ir-ol.

IJfe Insurance Ibr Horses, i^c.

anreCompanv. {Stockhold^^*^
I sum nee of Horses, i>'"''*-/,^,.
!Mre. Wiiter. A<-ci(
Also, upon Utock ilriven to Ivistera markets,

I'^IIK American Live Stnr k Insur
dividuallv Liable) for the In
r>uns,i<hf>]>\ C<ilt!f. &r . aiTHiiist Fire. Wiiter. A.-eulentH am
ease.
South.

iPn^
or transport*;

JOHN IT. FRICK.
General Agent for P,"nii8\ Ivania, Philadelphia

REFKKKNCKS :

Wood, Abbott A (^)., )
Trnitt. JJrother \ Co.. [^ Philadelphia.
Coates <.\ Hrown, )

A gents:
JOHN 7IMMF,KMA\, I ,.nu-!isf<r Pa.
CHARLIES' F. FKirK. P.-adm-jr- P«
SAMUEL H TAVLOIL M.o.ch Chunk, Pa.

Veterinary ^nrff^"'

May, 185L)

Dr. Joii.N G. .S'ovKUN, Veterinary -»■•?«

Examiner for Lancaster Counvj

B™KS,,,REl.I09and South I'''-,^^'%»g"

«e¥^

Niyt.

m MP ^

VOL. 3.

LANCASTER, PA., MAY, 1^53.

^0. 2.

Til K FA KM J or R.\ A L.

S. S. IIA]J)EMA\, )
A M. .^l'.V\(.I.i:U, )

Editors.

I >i^piirai;t'iiuMt of the Farniiiij.^ iirolVsslon.
.\ very common iiud niu.st |m niii imis error wliu'li
{'rt'vailji to a consiJer:i})lo o.xtoi.t in nr:irly fvcry
portion of the community is, that farmin<^ is the .sim-
plest of all arts, requiring nothing more than mere
jthy.sical strength to manage it in all its details. —
The idea that mental exertion is in any do^jrec re-
ijuisite, i."^ wholly lost sight of. M.iny believe that
when a man, endowed with good t^tont I'nilis, and
u strong constitution, has proven liim^olf m. utally
unfit for other pursuits, that he is jii-t ihr {ur^on to
make an excellent farmer. r,irmrr.s themsehos fre-
quently enterta n the same opinion; especially those
who cling so tenaciously to tho *'gond (Id way" and
reject th(^ ndviintaL:;<\>j (,f whi' h science so oarnov;tly
:t.V!tr's thrill to :ivail ihcniselvos. Now tlii.s i.- all
error— iiiinrul rrr-r— and the soon.^r it is hanished,
the soourr <\i\\\\ Wo fm,! hushandry assuming its
n^'Kiiul }i...-it; ai. So lon^,' as nu-n are lod to r.mk
a-ricultinv a> a oallin- litto^ ..idy to broad >houlders
and empty minds— just so long will ilip pairsnits of
ihe farmer be lowered in the estimation ,,{ tlio ,,ther
professions.

But whyphould thi^ be so? What single argu-
ment can be ad^anr.d in favor of such an absiml
opinion, and whut p>,.viMe excuse can be offered in
extenuation, by th..^o fn-niors who thu. dispara-o tlir
high character of their profession ? If there be any
one pursuit in life more closely allied tx) science than
all others; that pursuit is agricultnro. Science is
made to play a part in the daily oporati.ais of the
larni. U.^.l^^y and minoraluirv explain to t!io farm-
er the fonnaiiou „r the earth's crust-the character
and quality of the rocks and soils which compose 'K,
and the various properties and uses of the minerals
hidden beneath it. Chemistry, his bountiful mistress
extends to him her fostering care. She teaches liim

yOL li— B

to analyse Jiis v,.ils as wrll as hi- plants, tmd undor-
--tandingtbr i.^n-titu, lUs uf each mabl.-; iiim t-adai-t
the ono I., tho oth.T, and thn< pr.pduro tho ni">t sue-
cesbful n-.Mih^.. She analys.s the food lie pn j^aros
for his stock, and with the unerring certainty of sci-
ence p.oints out the properties and \abi- .iftlio differ-
rnt kin Is of grain, roots, Ac, so tliat he ch^arly (in-
d.r-tan N what kinds possess fattening ((ualities, what
muscle forming, and what supply and strengthen the
bones.

We might thus refer to every department of Bcienco

— to niinrral^gv, botany, natui;:! philoiiopby. /.,•.-—
and sliMW the intimate rrhitionship t!i;'.r h-lds Ixj-
twoeii thoin and agriculture;; but em u-h has been
said U) di.^pruve the disparaging assertion.-, already
alludctl to. From the most trilling operation on tho
farm, to the minutost analy^ij? of s .ils and plant--,
scienc(» is the nady .-.nd willing liandinaid -1' ihe
farm.^r. Tho ^iinpl.' trLitli.> <\rvy dav pt-.-.-nt'd to
his obsorvati--n. (-iniplo, \v'\\v\< v, only when practi-
cally d' ni.-nstratol.i aro tic- brilliant rosuh^ ,if p.-r-
scrvoring rc-^carcli of ni-ii I't' t!:o lai.-t txaltod irenius.
How fow there arr. wlu. ai | rrriato the wa-ting toil
and encr;:y that w.-re ro.^uirr.] to dcvd-jT aiid do-
monstrato the^r^ apparently trifling yet all ini|>.'rtant
truths.

And yet, in the face of all the.se fact.^ men will
tell us th:it jihysical strength is the only essential re-
qu-ite for the farnuT and what is worse still, many
farmers thcmselvos, if n^t by their wortN, .sanction
by their actii'ti^. this slander. If a s^^n L'ive-; , vj.
donee of an intellect a little superior tu tli.it .^f bi.s
sire, the farm becomes too limited a field !■ r hi.s
irenius, and agriculture too insignificant a proft-.si,,n
for his transcendent powers. Tbo' lawyer, tlie divine,
or the physician's oflBce is con-^id-r' 1 bi> bgitinnite
sphere, an.d tlio youth who niiL-lit beconn^ an excel-
lent fi\rmer, ends his career as a second or third rato
lawyer, preacher, or doctor. When shall there be an
end of this? and when will the science of farminop
be esteemed as it should be ? We answer, when tlio
spirit of progress shall have penetrated toereryfarm-

iiL,^Mi^S^lSiMM

WMT BINDING TEXT CUT OFF

'%'l^-

34

EDITORIAL.

May

b<

II

house — when the sons of our farmers shall be taught
to respect and reverence the profession of their fath-
ers— wlien they shall learn to know and feel that ed-
ucation will supply that skill, and tliat interest,
which will render farming as lucrative and h-aiora-
"ble as any other pursuit. It will cn<] wh* n the thou-
sands of American farmers who are possessed of the
means, will venture beyond the beaten track of their
ancestors — explore the hidden mysteries of nature —
examine and uudersland her \aiiuus processes, and
thus fit themselves to till the earth more successfully
— when every blade of ^rass, every leaf and ])lant
and vcgetalde, will poss(^ss for them an interest suf-
ficient to lead them to investi<^ato its character,
and umlerstand the broad principles upon which
its germination, developement and maturity de-
pend. It will cud when every rlHer of the soil learns
to regard his own }>rofc8sion as one^ of the most hon-
orable, ennobling and scientific of human pursuits —
when mental as well as physical energy will be
deemed absolutely essential to successful husbandry,
and when the idea that men who arc unfit for every
other pursuit, will make good farmers, shall be fully
exploded.

Benefits of Green Maiiurinj:^, I'tc,

In the May number of our first volume, page 41,
will be found an article on ^' Experimental Fanning, ^^
communicated by Wni. Stavely, Ks(^., of lUicks co.
In that article 3lr. S. stated the fact of his iia\ing
plowed down green com, some of wliich had attained
the height of ten feet; and from a portifui of which.
ears of corn suitable I'T (iibh^ purposes had l-een
gathered. The experiment was one of such an unu-
sual chacter, so far as the size of the corn was con-
cernofl. that many d(^ulit(Mh not only the practical)il-
ity of plowiuLi; under corn ten fiM^t in height, but the
possibility of any good resulting from it. From the
following, it will however be seen that Mr. Stavely
has not onlv shown the practicability of plowing the
corn under, but tic advantages which he derived
from such a course.

The field on which the experiment was tried, con-
tained 47 acres, ten of whicli were green manured
with corn. On these ten acres ''not a lork-iull of
other manure" was applied, whih; to the remaining
37 acres, nnmure liad been freely given. The result
was, that the average yield of the ten acres was fully
equal to that of the remaining thirty seven, and the
average of the whole field was a little over thirty-
foxir bushels to the acre, or sixteen hundred and six
bushels and nine pounds, on the whole 47 acres.

Now when it is remembered thai Mr. S's. farm, at
the time he took possession of it a few years since,
was in a poor state of cultivation, (it having been a
rental farm for ten years previously) the result is
pregnant with importance to the agricultural interest.
It proves conclusively, (if proof were needed) that

by a judicious system of green m Hiuring, most soilji
especially waste lands, may be brought to a fair de-
gree of fertility.

Mr. Stavely has succeeded iMjually well with his
other crops. Some corn, th.e product of his farm,
was exhibited at th.e State fair at Ilarrisburg la>t
fall, which was certainly as fine as any we have ever
seen. The ears averaged in length fourteen inches,
and were remarkably well filled. Mr. S. informed us
that notwithstanding the excessivi> drouth of last sea-
son, the average yield per acre was Jijh/ I>n6'hel.s; ant!
we have reason to know that tlie corn (jn exliibitinri
would have received a premium but for the fact that
the minle of entering it for comp(>tition, to entitle it
to a premium, was overlooked. It was a mixiureof
the gourd seed and Hint varieties.

In adverting to the excellent yields of wli-^at anj
corn upon Mr. Stavely's iiirm, we earnestly ciiiiiif'ini
his example to those of our readers who are ji.n^in"
for a home in the west. There are thou-';ui<]s upon
thousands of acres in Pennsylvania, in a conditiun
similar to that of Mr. S's. farm when he took I'harjro
of it — lands, which, originally fertile, have beenn-
duced ])y the skinning system, (so jirevalent with a
('(>rf'iin (dn^iw of our i"nnner*s.1 almost to exhaiistinn ;
and which by the same judicious system ut" cultiva-
tion as that pursued by Mr. S. might again ho brought
to a renninerative degree of fertility. IT a mure
methodical system oi iarming pr<'vailcd in our State
— -a system l^a^ed upon truthful principles, and gen-
erally adojtted — not only wiiild husbandry become
more proiitalde, but those who pursue it would de-
rive from it such delight and satisfaction as the neg-
liirent, handiazard tiller of the soil can never know.

»^«

'if

i-.vj !

COMMl \\r\'rH)\,<

nry

For tlie Ffirm Jourual.
Cultivation of Swede Turnips.

Mk. Kditor: in yours ..f the loth, yi;U ask how
we cultivate Turni]>s. As W(> are now goin;:^ through
th(> j)re}.ai-ation (d the soil: it can readily be done.
We have just tinishe(l sowing a three acre lot ot
Swede Tumi)) after a crop of early seed Teas; the
ground wastirstall }dowe(l7 inche (leep. then harrow,
ed, rolled and harrowed: afterwards cr.'S- |iluugheu-
harrowed and rolled. The ground w:i^ tlieti drillcl
up 27 inches wide, and maiuire spread in tn'' drill-'
at the rate <d" lo to 20 cords per acre. We th-'ii >|)a'.
the drills covering up tlui nnmure, rcdled dewn the
ridges and with tlie seed-barrow s^wed the whole.—
a few drills ])i;t in with (Juano at the rate of ihreo
cwt per acre by way of ex})eriment.

^1/"Ar r^^//^//'rr/, as soon a< tlie ]daiir< have sho"ivn
their third mu-h leaf, we then thin to f>iii* '"Ches
apart, hand hoe the edges of thc^ drills, and hoe-hiii^
row between them which we wry lVe,{U'ntly repeat
till tlu^ crop covers the wh(de gnamd. At tlicsec'|^n
hoeing, we thin the roots to S incles apart.^ i
weight of cr(ip far sur]Kisses those cuhivatcd in
ordinary way. We consider llutabaga or Swede luf
nips an'^inde'spen^able crop : feeding it from •hunitU^
to April to the whoh' of ..ursto;d<. The Hod topAU^
White Dutch Turnips we ciiltiva'" in the ^•^^!^''^^!!'^J'jj;
sowinir th(> rows abtuit 22 in(dies apart and a^mgir^'

12 to 15 cords ^>[' nnmure per acre. 'I'he erepisgen* ^
ly ])ut in from the 12th to the 2(>ih of August ^^^^
above culture heaves tin' ground in beautiful or ^^
and perfectly clean. One acre w.dl c-uUivated will P^^^^
duce a greater amount than two managed in the u?i'
way and not rc(iuiro half the labour to handle a
feed them. Yours truly, 1^- A^^'^^"^*

Rosedale, July, 1851.

i

(foininnnication

Vox \.\\f. f.-irtri Jiuinml.
'I lu" \ aluc of Agricultural .ItnirnaN.
MK.KniioR: — Tiie comniunicarcn "! d i iM,i. \\ \-yj%
in your February number suggestij tlie fact tiiat intel-
ligent gentlemen are much less likely to be led away
from ju<licious farming by unsound speculation, tlian
are those wliose want <jf mental dis(>ip!in.^ seems like-
ly to cause them instantly t- em!, race as positive
truth what may be only :t phiu-ihh' si!;:gr.siiun of se-
rpiences dignihed ly the name (d theory. How con-
tinuon-dv ncc(innt''d f' i', aredoui^tful facts, by wliat is
called '' ini/ th'or-/ i'U f'>ts r.uf'i<rl" — ami with what
won<lcrful violati 'U of h'g'c, and sens.dos contiisiun
of consecjuences fi* 'in effects unknown ^r r:'\('r exist-
ing, do many f tic-- who c;i!! th.nisfdves '^ plain,
prartiral farmers,' il\-r\i< the s,.\ ,.i-:il subjects con-
nected with their pur in;-, in uutli, \'>ur ** plain"
farmers are often so highly ornam'mt(M!, that th<^ tin-
sel of their talk obscures it -en<c, and tie- '■prarticai"
man the nKjment ho leaves the pK.ugli involves you
in the obscurity of incompr-hensible and int- rmin;L-
hie theory. AV iih -ingular inconsisteinv these are
the men who denounce ''bookfanninf and refuse to
take the Farm Journal ? I agree with the accomplished
President of our State society, that it is a good rule to
doubt all dogmas, and that the theory for which no
good reason is assigned, should r-.-t b.; received. This
however is not the rnl'^ with the ignorant. Hi-card-
ing the modern system whieh i^ leased on facts, and
has led to all the great seh ntih • discoveries of late
yours, they are genuine scdiolars and fnllnw, in their
rude way, the baseless mode of ar-um ntatir.ii whi.di
rested on conceits ealh' I axlMnis, or a:,serti-ns t rmed
propositions, an<l led t > r.'.<u!ts, Sf>me nf which were-
ludicrous because ridicnhoi--. .M.nd a!l wer.> useless
because unoortain. Truth alone is -d" real utility, and
facts of ubs.'rvati,.n ci-n alone ^lUely gulden^ t" truth
of coieIu-i,n. A sin-le new and wdl a-c.^rtain.Ml
/ar^cenrcrted ^^■\^U hu-b;n, fry, i- w.,rrh m ^re t- tlie
'nKbandman, than all the spcculali-.n- (d' all the phi-
Why from Ari-t.,tle t one of <.ur own

"plain, practical farmers;" to whose notions we have
^0 often listened with curiously impressed mind ami
ear as we sat on a lo. by his side, r.-tin,- in the sweet
shelter of cur w.,,d nn a h..f M.mmer dav. fnan the
pleasant toils of the adjtdning fi. !|.

Takeupany wa-k.a, A ,:ric,.hnre. and ■ f u !,at do
yuuhnd It ehietly composed? ( .f farts rdaiin.^ to the
^ubjoot? Neman in the longest life and with the
most extensive experience could him^^rdf accumulate
«o large a mass of practical matt-r as is contained in
i";7^!^^^f^^«-^-^tisc.. Ic.s singular indeed
Jat the creumseribed experi-n, • „f a single person
hould be considered more valuable than the exten-

case, that to hnd anything about farming in a book,
« to msure with many, its instant condemnation.-

The very persons 'who thus reject what is written,
do not hesitate to base nearly all their operations on
the suggestions of their ac(iuaintances, or the tradi-
tions of the nei<;hborhood; fr indeed, a very small
portion of any man's conduct, in any .t the affairs
of life, is the result of his ow n unaided judgment. It
is true, that to apply indiscriminately all the recom-
mendations of the book^ would be most iniurious •
because, allowance must be made for a \arlety of cir-
cumstances which nmy modify the re^ilts. And
special canii -n mu-,' 1... u-.d with uur American
v,.>rk> ; ih!t Mfily lM,aw-.' ..f t||,> x;t.f \arl.'rv of s,)il,
: elimate, deunind, waives. <^-c., .,!"thi> c-untrv. but be-
(\au-e mucfi .,f their matfer j. ctpicd from Knuli-h
Work-, where all t!e'>.' <-ircnm<faneo'; dilfei- fr .m onr--.
'f he most v:il,!ahl<' American a -li.'nlr nral lit-Tature
i-^ to h.' f;e;n I HI th." p.-ri .di.-a|<. hid^-d fr^m tli^m

is rak'-n Asicf 1> >A' best antli'.rirv in the tr.'atises.

Xeit'ier r!ie .\.u V rk, Marylaich r < dijo periodicals,
'.vhether we ref. r t^ di--ii^>i, .n ^^r fa^f. ar" - . uv..|"i;l
to vs as our own will l-e. it j-r-n. r!v <■ 'nduct«'d. ,-\n.i
this dejjcnds not so mucli ..n the f! lit. if as < n the
contributors: for they must -upplv. to a great extent,
the matter \\hih the good sense and sound di-.re-
tion of the Kdit<tr will pi a . . \\ith <nc\\ selection and
arrangement as may 1)0 necessary, before the reader.
In this view we may make the Journal the means of
com})iningf »r the benefit of all. what each finds most
valu.Lo!' . ( Mir !nO'rr->f. n^t lc.>>. than 'lur Iimtimt is
conccrmd in placing the, Fram d-nrni! in the per-
manent and prosperous position wlii. !i will secure this
end.

You asked nu'. Mr. IMitor, to write an ai-^h h.-
Unable to c.inipl v \\\\\\ your wNh-^ in the fialf hour
at my dispos:ih i have endeavore<l to induce oth»^rs
nva-e cump'-t- nt Ir'^m !• isure and kiiM\vh'drr(?, t" di '■"-t.
ll'oue ni y ai;* readciv> has a-c'^rtaiied a fiet n.it lT''!!-
• rally kiown. hT him put it in plain word-- and -^i nd
it to the douiaiah and th'--' ha-rv Im- - will n,,t ha\t^
been useless. ^ iur> tnilv.

\N ill. .\. SietKF^.

Jjidwick, near Cireenshurg, April ly, iK'yI.

For the Farm Journal.
Tlic use of Tanners bark in \:;ni ultnrt .kkI IImi-

t U \i\t 11 re.
M;:. Kditor: Almost every year, petitions are pre-
sented to our Logislaturo, praying that Tanners niav
be prohibited from throwing their '\sprnt bark" into
the various creeks throughout the State. It is a well
known fact, that the disposition of this material ha.s
always been a source of trouble and considerable ex-
pense, especially where tanning is carried on upon a
large-scale ; and wherever a stream of water affords
the opportunity, load aftor load of it is carted to the
banks, to be carried away by the first freshet. Some
tanners permit it to accumulate from year to yoar.
until fl>solute necessity compels them to Iiaul
it upon the roads and lanes in the vicinity ; or dig-

wixw-me

36

COMMUNICATIONS.

[M

\Y

il

Hi

pose of it by the slow process of burning. Without
pretending to much scientific knowledge, it :4.{)»":ir?^
to me that to cast spent tan bark into our creeks and
rivers, is to be condemned not only uu acccjunt uf tlic
filling up of mill dams &c., but as a downriglit waste
of what, (with a little care and patience] may 1m-
made a valuable fertilizer.

Being slow of decomposition its effect} wlnii ;i]>-
pUed to the soil in the form in Nslii-jJi it comes frum
the tannery, if not positively prejudicial, are ho luiiLi;
in manifesting themselves, tli:it fovr persons •avo will-
ing to risk the one, or wait for tli*' I'ifccts of th(^ utluT.
Having once had life — it being the in-odiict of vegt;-
Ui\>\v- m:itter, it is reaHonaMo to sup})ose that if pro-
perly docomposod, it will rurnisii foiid for vogotiition.
Such at least has ])cen tli<: result <»f my exporioiKN-
with it. The immense (iuiintilii's of tanners bark
annually wasted for want of a propter knowledge of
its true value, induces mo to present to yair readers
my plan of rendering it available as ;i f.vtilizer.

Having some years since re<'eived itermis-iMn t^
take as much as 1 desired uf spi.'ut bark fi-cm n
neighboring tannery, I set my men to Avork. witli
carts, and hauled several Innidred loads, whitli I
composted in the following manner. First a bed cd"
tan about two feet thick, over which I spreal u hea-
vy coating of lime, covering the lime with a layer of
very wet barnyard manure, to a depth of live or six
inches; then another lavrr of tun, tallowed l>v the
lime and manure, and e;v]>ping the w!inlt> he:i]) with
another layer of tan. This w:is in Fi]»ru;iry -tln^
season being a mild one. Tn the month of October
following^ I cut the whole heap down with spades, ap-
plying another dressing of lime as the work pro-
gressed. I found tlnit the tan was decomposin j; a^
rajddly as 1 eonld have expected, and that (lio eoin-
posL looked Well. It was then permitted to r<'main
untouched until a year from the fnHowinLT S]>rii\Lr.
when part o( it wa< ai>]die(l to a field which 1 intend-
e«l for corn, at tle^ i-nte of ahtmt twiMity lar;!;e cart
loads to \hr acre. The result was as line a er<.|» as 1
ever had, although no otlu'r manure had \»'vn a|i-
plied, cither in connection with the tan, or for two
years previously.

The balance was drawn on to a fi^ld whieh T nut
in wheat, and here the r* -;ult wa^ a^ ,i!;ratifying as in
the ease of the corn. Tle^ crop was heaw, vicldin"-
more than thirty bushels to the acre of as well filled
wheat as any farmer could desire.

Within a few years its value as a top dressing for
strawberries and raspberries has begun to be pro])rr-
ly appreciated. Nothing better can be applied to
strawberry beds in the fall, than a good top dressing;
of well rotted manure, followed by a coating of tan
fresh from the tan yard, (if need be,) sufficiently
thick to cover the plants, all but the top or crown.—
llaspberries glory in tan— it appears to be the very
food they noed : and if supplied to them in sufficient

• piantities, the result will he, tloui-i-hinL-; an(l fruitful
plants. Ajiply it in the tall; and in the spring *'>{,are
not your hand," as it is plentiful and may i,e had for
the hauling, E. S. P.

Cumberland cuu/iif/, Va., Aprils 1852.

I Last season we experimented, t > a small extent
with tan in the cultivation of celery. In dig^'inirour
treui-hos. we ordered (aio to ]»•' dug three feet deep

• ausing the su])-S"il to be thrown to one side an-l
its ])laee, (to a depth of two feet) supplieil by tan,
partially decomposed. Over this wa-; spread thesur-
fact! soil to a depth of six inches. Tln^ celery wis
))lanted in the same mann(>r as in the other tr.aclu's.
During the early part of the season th'Tr w,i> no
perceptilile ditfer(MU'e between the growth < f the oe-
lory in th<^ tr'Uieh to whicli tlte tan wa- applio<l, an<l
thos«^ to which it wa^ not. But as tlio season a<I-
vanceul, and the ;ilmost unpreeedontt'i] drouth cast a
withering inthiencc upon all vi>g"tation. that in tho
former, trrew vi;iorous1v — retained a fine, hoalthv
(|iM^]'> LrrtM'u coliir, and ])roduced an excellent crop;
while in tho la^tor, although water was applied as
freely as to the other, and the trratniunt similar in
overy otiier respect, it was almost an entire failure.
Whether th.e tan possesses fertilizing iiualities atlajit-
ed to the gr-'Nvth I'f celery, or whether its merits in
this case consisted merely in ^ujiplying moisture, fo
essential to its growth, W(^ are not prepared to say.
Wt' record the expiu-innnt fir the Ijen.'fit of those who
may hnd disposed to pursue the investigation further.
— Kn.|

1^5)2.1

COMMUXirATloX.^^.

37

For the Farm Journal
Planetary Influence.

'• C\\.\\ liny nne rxjiiude ;i science \vith.>ut tirst learning it ■
Mil KniToH : 1 do not pretend t«) l>e at all versed
in lumir inlhiences — having never made the "signs
suliscTvient to my farming operations, pr-ferring to
do all things at the prop^T time — and tru-^t to Provi-
dence and the seasons for a return. ^ et, a-- 1 1''^^'-'
occasionally met with results that would seem to fa-
vor the popul-ar heliid" in planetary influence, I h'^F
that a cru<le article on the subject will uuL retard tho
"onward march of truth and knowd(Mlgo;" but ra-
ther cause closer in(piiry into the hidtlen luysterics
of nature, thereby enabling those having th< know-
ledge, to exj.lode those "fallacies," if such tie y be.
It would be well, howev(>r, for ])orsons who undertake
ic^ ridicule the opinions of others less mlightcnea
tlian themselves, to first provr, all thinr/s, and hoW
fast that which is good. It is most unrra- 'nahle for
piTsons to scojfat the belief in effects, resulting Iroia
ctiuses whieh they are unable to fathom or compre-
hend. Or, we nnght ask, aro they so learned and
wise as to believe that nothing more remains tu
discovered? Is it not because plaiudary influence on
mundane affairs is advocated and believed mainly l>y
the illiterate, and not taught in the schools—that

they deride and ridicule it as prejudice, popular delu- ous counter effects produced by other influences, and
hiiui.", hund.ug, &c., ite. m.roly utter their predictions, because others before

I propose to jrive y-u a f-w ia-'t<, Mr. IMit-^r, whioh ; Lh-ni arc the same.

have fallen under my own observation, and offer
some explanatory remark*^ in relation to lunar influ-

Nww it is not alone the moon in her passage thro'
the signs, or at her changes that is to be regarded as
producing changes iu tho weather, «fec.; hut the j^un,
the planets, all have their share in these influences —
being po.vited in the different signs— being direct or
retrograde, ea.^ting their a-pe^ts m varied dirr.ti'.ns:
this Constant chanLTe ol tli,. plim.!-. rr.'at.-^ a ciut-^-
}»'«niing ehan;:-' in th.' inthicnees ( x-rtcd .ai i-ur

ence.

Some twenty-five years since, just as T was about
finishing the phu'.ting of afield "f c m!!. a neighbor
pas?<ing by, told m-^ I wmuM have a -h'>rt > rop of
corn that year. I iiiijiiired his roas>.n< f.r .-o -^ingu-
].i.r all ' \iir<'><!Mn, as th" fu'ld wa-< in goo^l urdrr, and

tho com laant.'.l, a^ I tl,uu,'ht, .it a fav„ral,lo xunv. ^ j,,^,,,,,,, ,„,, ,,|,„ j^ ^.^|,^,,,|,. , (• ,•,,,, „;,;„^, ,,„. ,,„„t..,,.t
Aft-^r .•ons.,l.T;il.I.. |.:,l;,vcr !„• t..M m- 'Ml,.- uMan : ,^,„, ,,,^^., ^,,,,.i„^. ,..,,„i„ ,
wa< in tlp'wr.'Ug ^ign." I ciaiM ni»t do otliorwisi-
than '"ni ik'' a note of it," Tin* fieM pro(luv'ed ovr
eighty bushel- cf ^-h-'lltd C"rn to tie- at-re, with ra-
ther a -li'y -^'a-'U. In lhi< instaui-e, the influence
of the moon laii-L have been overpowered by uiher
influences.

On another occasion. I liad two po<t-and-rail n'nces

The skeptic. wIm i- uu'l' >u! .tv dly (piite as niu.'h in
the (l;irk a>^ t!o' ni'-t illi:( rate "niMMn gazer;" lind-
ing the pre,li,ti n nf h:^ ignorant infMrniT fiil, at
on>'r jinnp-; at CMn^'hi-i 'ii^. .and d"<Ti.-v tiir uIp!- h^
"niMMri-hiu"," fwr. ^ivs li,.. tli- \ ^•^ -^ of nature are
iniiniit ihl', '• imperative " ;ii,l there should be no
fadtir-. Let the reader be the jud;^^-' wh. ;l!. r .rror

.et comiguou.s on each side uf a lane, uUml twelve | or ,^^n ,rance is the greater enemy to truth and ki. .w-
feot apart. A-' it happen. •,!, tic one was sotwhrti [...jre.

the sign was d '\vii, ;nid tie- otleu- wfi-n tlio ^i_ni
was up. The result of this .Aperini nt wa^ ; thai
in less than a year the bottom rail> of the first fence
settled down in the ground, while the other is full
fair inches above ground at this day — now twelve or
fifteen years since.

Again, a neighbor of iiiin.; (curiais iu mkIi nut-
ters) had some blaek-<KLk treos sj^lit into rails during
the ruling of a [.artirular '".Mgn "— these rail.^ he
u-ed for post fence. After standing twenty years,
the fence was removei, and the rails were tli.n s.^ind
and hard a'^- a bone. ( h-.hnarily, Idaek-oak rail., r-t
in ten or twtl\.^ ye irs.

1 v.dl n .tat prr.eut advert to the "dinner in tin-
pot" furtlier than to n .[e a nanark which 1 hav.' ..ft-
'■'^'•■^trl male in relation to ])utchers nioat, and
ubich any person may have noticed— that, .-unetime.
during the process of hwiling, tho ni'.tt remain^
I'lump, covering the bones entirely wheu hrwieht to
the table; while at other time., it^hrink. awav, and
the bones can be seen protruding out from the'meat.

The Bouthmgs of the ni.,.,u is another "..i.^n- that

may be made a n ,te ,,f p^ ,,,,^. stiekler^ against

'moonology.- Wheu the ne^ moon stand, for.south,

warm wither may h. .Htieip.t..,]. p:u-th.u]ar]v when
^|e IS stdl tending south,- .u 1 when far no.tii, cold.
Tins IS a sure guide as rela e. t , warm .,r e„ld wea-
tbor. Also, when fruit trees come into full flower
dunng the v:anc of the moon-Vaa. fruit will be th.
result that year.

Kr T""-'"^^ ^^«»"'«'' -^t tho change of

• ir " ~;,' "'? ""'^^'"'''^ '-^' '•' "-' -•-'-"

con:?,. T ''^ "'" *=*^*'° ^'''""^ <'- vegetation
1'art.cular e.gn of the zodiac-do not know the vari-

The inspired writer informs us, that God said, 'det
there be lights in the firmament uf the heavens to di-
vide the day from the night, and let them bo for
si'jns and f jr sawons, for daijs and ycars,^*

The h-liiivcr in plan-Mry inilueuee, kii>\Nin^'; tiiat
the ^i;ti and moon .xereise -U'!i a ]viwerlu! i:itiii"!ieo
un th." .'-ea;!, i- naturally I ■ 1 t. helievi- that the at-
mosphere nni-t in like manner be acted upon, as the
medium through which this influence is exerted on
the ocean — and as science informs u-. there xv: ^ a No
atniovpherie tides, — by a parity of rea-^oninj. i!:- v
th Tei'.U'e coiiclule that, il beii:g aJniitte,! I,v so!,.'n.'e.
tiiat tlij planets are capaMe of exertiUL: >■ ' grt at nn
intlut'iice up^n th" waters ot theucean. aiel upou the ut-
nio.-phere ; i- it U'lt na-ouahle t'> t'Uj.po-c, that mun-
dane aifair.-- geu* lally are in like manner suhJecL lo
their inlluehce / 'i'Jie air i> hrealhed l^v all aniniati,-
heiug<, and art'- up. n al! -ule-tanee-. and thi> air i-
con-tanily being acted up -ti hy the planets. But
says the skeptic, the sun in 1 ni ■ n attract the waters
'»f the Ocean by a great natural law, called gravita-
tion, and can have no effect on the weath r. Well
"what'.v in a najui' ;" -uppose we call tliis planetary
iii;!iienee, gra\itation,an.I \\ !i it then? A\']i3- t-imply that
your jtlaio- e.ui not vegetate without this medium,
air an! water; and vour " crout and bacon iu the
pot" will re(piire the same mtMjium, tu become at all
p ilata' le ! liven your shingles on the roof an» ctju-
stantlv exposed to ii:? inilueuce, and the wcatiier
which your learned ones tell you is ''solely regulated
by ttinjHiraiure over which the moon has no control,"
is, and nmst be, influenced by this all pervading
agent. Now this is a most singular admission by the
opponents of planetary influence, as if Umperatnre
were a thing separate and distinct from stellar influ-
ence; for be it remembered, wo do not pretend to say

KJ?T'

38

OOMMrXK^XTIONS.

Mxv

1 S52.1

("OMMrxKwrh )XS.

39

by any means, that the moon, a mere satellite, pro"
duces all these changes of the elements, but that all
the plants act their part. Why is it that anionic the
whole human race no two individuals can be found
the counterpart of each other, precisely alike in form,
features, disposition, &c. "Man was formed in i\\o
image of his maker,*' and the whole iiumaii rainily
cast in one mould as it were, and yet no two individ-
uals ever existed who were alike in every ])artiLular.
May not the ever clianging aspects of tlu^ planets
have some rule or influence oven in thi> matter ?

A few riinarks in relation to your eorrcspundent in
the daiHiary N(\, will close this artirle.

IT"' nuist certainly have for^otton a ]->ortion (»f his
astronomical education, or he could not have made
BO singular a remtirk as '• that il" a certain (jir^nin-'"
of the moon "should |irMdiu(> rain, v*y.c." and ask,
"why does not onesortof wcalhcr pcrsade the whole
earth, at the same time?'* fir, lie continuos, "at the
name instant, a sign of the moon vi// prevail ajnoJ'i/
in Terra del Fucgo, and in Kaindchaiica, in Green-
land and in BorncoJ^ Now the little knowledge I
have of astronomy, inloi-iris ni*' that the planets, the
signs, and consequently the aspects, are 2^i'ogressirc,
varying, changing every moment. IIow then could
the same sign prevail at opposite extremities of the
earth at the same instant of time ?

When 1 li:i I written thus far, your ^Tar(h No.
made its appearance, and 1 was }»1(':i--(m1 to see, that
80 able a writer as L. J. P. has ent-icd the li-ts in
defence of the truth, i tiiLrriore close fbr the [Re-
sent. Respectfully,

J. V>. {Iakwfai.
Floral Retreat, March, 1852.

)e-

For the Fariii Jdurnal.
Lunar Influcnre.

Mr. Editor: — A fair correspondent in your No.
fur .March, in re])ly to '' Franklin," ha-^. 1 humbly
believe, (not intentionally,) tak(>n hold of the wroni;-
end of the "stocking; (the li;j;ure is her own,) and,
consequently, failed to unraxo] the mystery of lunar
influence. AV^ithout attempting to follow the tin. n i
of her discourse through all its devious windings, 1
purpose only to touch on one or two points :

First — "Every observer aud ganlyncr knows, that
some vegetables do grow faster wh. n tlic moon is
near the full, than when she gives little or no reflect-
ed light." From subsequent remarks, 1 am hd to
believe she thinks this to be the case. 'J'h.^ bnly, I
suppose, is aware, that plants will not thrive in the
dark, that light is as essential to their growth as heat,
moisture or air — therefore, if plants do really grow
faster about the full of the moon, it is because they
are exposed to more light in a given time, then. th:tn
at any other period ; and not to any fertilizing pro-
perty communicated to them by the atmosphere, de-
rived from the moon. This is the opinion of one ob-

servant gardener, at least, whatever others may bf
lieve.

The second point in her argument T intend to no-
tice, is Li NACY, so called. 'I'his, I <!,) the more
reluctantly, boeause your correspondent has said "I
therefore, at the risk of being clashed with the unfor-
tunates reicrrcd to above, assert my earnest /hiVA in
the venerable doctrine of lunar influence." Now, sir
1 maintain that no efft^ct which solely rests on faith
for its cause, without positive e\ide!iee ou;j;ht to be
b(dieved by any rational l)elng, es].erlully ^vhon the
true cause has been found out ])y (dear inv-stigation
and actual experiment, as in the ]>resent case.

AV'ithout entering into the ]»atholoi;ical eiiurac-
ter of mental alienation, and the various opinions
of ancient and modern writf^'s on tlie siiliject,
allow me to inform L. A. W that the idea of soMimar
influence in the production of insanity, haslungsinoo
vanished bef)re the light cd" modern science and m»}-
dical investigation. Now, faith in SMl-Iunar influence
!>^ ;ill inMnn-^liine bv tests ami oxnei-iiiicnts. admitting
of neither doubt nor cavil, which the following will
clearly ]irovo.

Insane persons have been confined in places where
the light of the moon oould not nnich them, when
that satellite cast her full beams on the earth, and
no return of " raving madness'' came upon them.—
This experiment, whit h has been tried j robaMy a
thousand times, clearly pr>i\-es that excessive light is
the cause, and not bnnir influence. T> lit the truth
(d' thi:^ prnpii-itiMn ha^ been tested by another oxp'>
riment, ([uite as ce.n( lusive, viz: by the sudden intro-
duction of bright light into a room containing insane
]>atients, at stateil perinds, A\hi(h was found, in every
case, to cause a return of the disease to a greater or
lesser degri'e. I might name other modes of demen-
strating the same truth, known to the medical faculty.
but at present forbear. One word more to the lady
and I have done. " My belief is not a theory. I'Ut a
conviction f ainded upon long observati"ii ^^'''-l ^^'
prafid cxpi riment." I ask her for one pr^^'f by ^^^'
riment. ^h;i'i' l'S.

I'hiUhklphia, ^olh April, X^Sl.

F.ir the Farm Journal.

Cioolo^y applied to Agriculture, ><>• '^*

The disturbing causes of whi<di I i'ave treated m
the hrst luunber and which afbord us the great varie-
ty of soils so familiar to every farmer, opens up a
field to the geologist, unlimited in extent, interest
and importance— an. 1 whi.di has been c-nlticatcd (i\xr-
ing the present century with wonderful energy an
ability. It m:iy be safidy snid too. that f ^^^ if any,
brandies of science have nnp.arled mure useful knoT^l-
edge to man than Geology.

Tt is not my intention to treat of the bcience gon^
rally, but only to illustrate, so r^xv as I may be able,
the geological character of our own StiUe, especia J
that east of the Allegheny mountains. Those w o

wi*<li to acjuire a more intimate knowledge of the
pcience, should have recourse to some of tho easy ele-
mentary works, such as Richardson's. Hitchcock's or
St. John's, l)ut tho.se who would d. he .heprrand lay
up larger store?*, may resort to the w rk-'i Lyell,
Mantell, l>c La iicche, Sec. Move special application
of the science to agriculture has jjcen made I y John-
son, Liebig, Bousingault and other writers on agri-
cultural g<'ology an<l chemistry.

The State of I'^'OiHylvania li.s within the tejuper-
ate zone and -tr''t<de'^ in it>^ greatest haiLcth fViim ea-t
{.1 west. ^^ •■ mi;ilit tlierrloi-f expect to find an e^pia-

alluvial — the latter being entirely local in their na-
ture and more limited in extent than tlie former.

In Timnsylvania we have this latter f >rmation along
the borders or valleys of the Dtdaware, Scliuylkill,
Sus([uehanna and otlier rivers, extending, more or
less modified by drift, over considerable width of sur-
face, especially west of thn monniain^.

The fine silt of the river U^ttoms belonging to this

cbi-^ t"uru;-li'-- u ^ witli luxiii-'iant ni-'adows and gar-
d' n land-. < 'f tiii-^ d''scription is m >-t 'd' the soil
alKn"" the ]),laware atei >'liuvlkill. in the vicinitv of

and below IMiiladelpliia. The sle.res ,,[' the Su-<[Ue-
1 !,• Miip'-rature, or a unif'.rm (dimate throughout the ; pmm.i ^,,0. f^rni a h^u^j: ran-e of .■xr,r.iingly fertile
State, but its physical character pi-oduces great va- ; ^,,;p being either entir.'ly allu\i:il ^r compounded of

,•, tv in , liniat'', whilst geological formations givt

alluvial and diluvial d-p'-il- with th'' tli-inti'j;rat*'d
suhstaners ni '!"" recently wa-he I {\-<>\i\ th-' hills
! whieli ovorl. nik t lo-m.

I ih'twi'on tlie ri\er I'MrNiin-^ or albnial "f tie' !>'la-

! ware and the red sand stone b^dt is a prinilli\'' r;ing'-

•^tr.tchinL: across the State, and consbsiing chieily of

The condition of the atmosphere is further gr( :itly gm-ias, mica, hornblend, clay-slates, crystaline lime.

influenced by altitude: and the mountnin chains <t,,i,,.. s.'rp.'titine. v'(- •. Most of these rocks ar.' to..

whi(di traverse oui- State from .\ . E. t" S. W . produce 1 hm-,! to I'.nn Iv tie ir -'V.-w -l-e .inpositiou a .lo.-p -...11,

an influence on the temp. 'rature. ^vl^;ell with a lev.'l p^^ ^j^,.y have been j.f.i'v wtdl cover. 1 by tli-' drift.

divcrsitv t . tie' s.iil. On the eastrrn boundary we
have a large tlla! river, and on the \ve>tern a fre>h
water lake, both of w hie h e.,utrlbute t.» the iiumidity
of the atmosphere over a wide .xt' nt. and the whole
State is well watered hv 1 ng an>l nieanderin- rlvrr-^.

surface could only be f unl in high latitudes; besides
a dryness or hygrometric etlect which is chiefly due
to elevation or altitude.

which superaflded to their ovrn product have nuidc a
light friable loam which yitdds well to the hand of
industry. Of the effect which the rocks of this dhs-
Before speaking more parthnlirly .f t!e> f.rnia- triet have on the soil over-lying them, I ^hall speak
tions that distinguish the several p-rtlous (d' our 1 more pnrtieularly wh en treating of tii .ir composi-
Statc, it is necessary to nllul." t.i a great m .difying tion.

cau.He which prevails alm..>t every wher-. ;uel to "These primary stratified rocks," says Profes.sor
which mighty process of natur.. wf are inhbted for Ko«'ers. "commence in a narrow [)oint about six
a large part of the surfiice or sub-soil whieh covers miles L. S. K. ^^i' Trenton, expanding gradually in

their course to the W. S. \V. until th-y i^'vux a I r -al
belt occurivinc: tlie whole ..r the soutlern t-wii-iiip-
of Chest. T, l> inea-t<T and ^ ""k cMintie',, where tle-y

the rocky masses beneath— 1 allude to the diluvial
or drift f >rmation.

It 1- supp .- •.! that at a former ]>eri"d, wdien the
" wit.^rs covere.l tie- face of the earth," a curr-ait
prevail-. I ..vr this continent in a south-'rly dirceriou. . eastern margin of th.' f .rniati.m cr.i>-s the l>.lawar.
demolinf/ or w.-arin- away the s^AbT (.r UMr.' easilv :it Trenton, wlcr.^ it i- 'a-II expo^d f..rmin_^ t!

i\e ,,ur Stite and p.a-^ int.. Mar\lan.]. Tie' -"Ut'i-

talis

deeomp...,il,:,. suh^anc's. •u\d after carrving them a jf ih'' river. Ak-ngit- c .ur-' f .r - voral miles south-
greater or icvscr .liManee. dop, , siting tVeiu on the j westward a deep c..voring of diluvium, coneeaV-^ a
" "^ large portion of the belt and precludes uur discover-

ing: its local features."

" The greater portion of the southern and eastern
>.'eti(.ns od' IMiila.lelphia o.,unty," contimie- i'r..f. > ..r
lb>j;'-rs, "show-- a «leep Co\( ring -.f dilu\ uiin .• ii'-'al-
iu'^ tiie "ic'i-- and its associated rocks except where
they are exposed in tlcj vicinity of streams. In. thi.s
part of their range the primary strata arc much tra-

ized granite, in
quartz and mi'-u
ipar bfin_' 'j'ac'r.ill v
by far the most pred«uuinant mineral an i ■■ \hibitinga
remarkable tendency to pass the condition of kaolin
by decomposition. Tiiis rotting by atmosj)heric in-
fluence is not confined to injected veins of granite,
but characterizes also a large part of the gneiss espe-
cially in the country around Philadelphia, where the

surface so generally, as to leave in m.-t pla. . - a soil
capable ot sustaining vegetation. This .Iritr forma-
tion spread over the whole laid is -reatly rlim-.l in
its character and pn. p. rtio.. Py the Lk^U f^rmaii-n^
on which it repose8,--thu^. uh.n we are in a line-
stone district, the decompositi.n and wearin- auay
of this rock fertilizes the dibulal coat, and when we
pass over the wide new red Kind stone belt, which

...^ „.v»v. i,^„ i^(^ ^ana stone DciT. wnicn part ot tneir range me priumrj^ Birjtu
80 readily yields to the action of the elem.nts, we versed by veins uf coarsely crystal!
perceive that the surface consisU chiefly of the same i which the three ingredients, /t/^;>flr, (

materials as the nnderlyinu- r...ks. When. le.w. v.t. are often ..f unu^ial h,-. the felspar'

wo ciam.no U.e cnirnrv v.1. ,.. ,1,., ],,rA primilice
rock, alK,und, .^0 shall tin.l that tho.liifi has been
loss altored by them than \n the for,,,,.- i„-tance.

llus diluval or drift formation, so important in
the geological history of the earth, is different and
dtstmet from that of river or lake deposits termed

40

COMMUNICATIONS.

mtcwmmmt ww^waFirj— wf*M>w

[M.v.

II

rocks are sometimes in a decayed and pulverulent
condition to a depth of more than twenty feet."

The gneiss projects above the dilivium ;it Fair-
mount and affords extensive quarries in tJiat vicinity
and also at the Falls of Schuylkill. The same bolt
of grey granite gneiss is developed on Darby, Cruuib,
Ridley and Chester creeks. In proceeding westward
up the Schuylkill the felspar becomes less, wliilo the
amount of mica is greatly augmented.

This primary formation besides furnl«]iing lii;j;]i-
ly crvstaline mar1)lo in alnindance, is rich in many
other mineral substances of economic value. Mmc-
netlc tr(»n ore is found in several localities, liinestonf*
is abundant, graphite or 1)lack lead exists in Bucks
county, and steatite or soaj) stone has long been (piar-
ricd in Pliiladel])hia and Montgomery counties. Tlie
prevalence of felspar, especially in the form of kao-
lin, while it imparts fertility to the soil will doubtless
. at some future period ))c used in the manufacture^ of
porcelain, this Iteing the material to wliich is chiefly
due the 6U[ierior excellence of the finest china ware.

In tlie next number, I shall givo n diagram, bv mv
friend, Prof. Rogers, illustrative cf the geological for-
mations of Pennsylvania. A. S. IluHEKTS.

Philadelphia, April, lsr)2.

1 -=52.]

rOMMfXirXTIONS.

Translated for Farm Journal.
Agricultural Cheniistry, No. j).

5. Pojipics require much nitrogen and but lltih;
phosphoric acid, an<l are consequently an excellent
crop to precede winter grain.

G. Wheat and spclL V[ the elementary ingredients
of these nearly one fourth are nitrogenous, appearing
principally as gluten in flour. Among the constitu-
ents of their ashes, phosporic acid and ])otash are
predominant ; while soda, sulphur and other similar
substances are present only in small (piantit3\ Silicic
acid is a cliief ingredient of the straw. The requi-
site nutriment must cons(^qui-ntly be present in nroat
;:bundance, in due proportion, and in ji proper state
of solubility, if the ;rrain and >traware to be perfect-
ly formed an.l tht^ crop preserved from lodjiiKj. From
these considerations wh.'at or spc t sliould regularly
be put in as the first crop after the applicati^)n of
barnyard manure; and when wheat does not suc-
ceed well after recent manuring, the cause will be
found in the fact that th(» Ingredients of the soil jiad
not attained the necessary di^grce <»f d(>composition
and solubility. It is therofbro always advisable to
prepare land for wheat in such a manner a^ to pro
mote the disintegration and decomposition of the
constituents of the soil, and to regulate duly the re-
lative proportion of its com])ustil)le and incombusti-
ble ingredients. If from the rank and luxuriant ap-

necting in some measure the undue mixture of the d
ements. This renders the importance and adva '
tage of drill cullnn apparent ; and reii.jrrs it nian^'
f-st, moreover, that this culture can be properly
applied only where it is designed to -M to and rom
bin,; with the abundant supplies of carbonaceMu.s
an.l nitrogenous mutter> in the soil, the due and r^
(puslt«> proportion of mlu'ral elements. When wheat
or sp.'lt are grown as the second or tliinl crop aaer
the land lias received a dressing of barn vaid manuro,
and when the preceding crops were sudi as require
and a])Sorb mucli sulphur, then gy].sum (,r li^juij
manure acidulated by sul})huric acid, should 1,.. an-
plied. The reason why wheat following ^vln•:L:, in
the same field, rarely succeds well, is to j.e luunliia
the fact that this crop recpiires and tak'-s from the
soil largo quantities of phospliorus, and eonsr^quently
the second or succeeding crop siddom finds asufli,i,.nt
supj)ly of this material renmining in the land. IJut
a deficiency of y)otash in the soil may also cause the
second crop to fail. Hence, if two crM|.> nf wheat
are designed to be grown in succession on the same
field, prudence rcfpiires that tlie soil should he furn-
IsIumI with an adeipiate store of phosjdiorus and pot-
ash, if it do n(«t naturally contract these 'suhstances
in v«"ry great abundance. This may bo effected by
maiiuriiiL^ it with guano, ashes, or bone-dust proper-
ly )>rtpared witii sulphuric acid.

7. KvE. The (diitd' elementar}' constitueiilsof the
ashes of this plant and grain, are phosphoric acid
and ])otasli, with relatively little lime or sulphur.—
IJ}e also c(»ntains somewhat less of the nitrogenous
elements than Avhoat ; whilo its straw contains much
silicic acid. Hence rye is advantag"ou<!y cultivated
as the first cro]>, aft-'r the soil has received a dress-
ing of barnyard manure.

8. Barley. This grain contains a consid.T.iMy
smaller proportion of the incombustible elrni'ut?,
and especially of the nitrogenous substaiua'S, than
either wheat or rye— only aljout eight per cent : and
it likewise contains much less carltonaceous matter.
(^f its incombustibh^ ingredlonts, phosphoric acid is
th(^ cliiof, tlK-ugh it Contains less thereof than is found
in wh-'at iu- rye. Next come silicic acid and soda,
though (»nly in small quantity. Of potash and lime
barley contains but little, though its pn^ptMaion of
sulphur is somewhat grraicr than that i'f the other
cereals. As barley ne(>ds considerably less potash
than wheat or rye, it ni;,y advantageously follow
either of them in course, if the .<oiI Ije in other re-
spects still in good condition. Rut barley succed3
best after potatoes or turnijis, becaus(> aft-r ^ach
crops it finds the soil w(dl stirnal and Icosemd, and
its re<inired aliment in the proper state of solubility.

41

pearance of the stalks in the spring, it aiuiears th at

the carbonaceous and nitrogenous elements predom- When Ijarley is to foil >^^ winter grain, it is well to
mate, while the incombustible ingredients of the soil give the toil a dressing of bone-dust dissolved in di-
remam mert, the decomposition of the soil must be lute sulphuric acid, thus supplying two of the sub-
promoted by stirring it by harrowing and thus con- ' stances which arc indispensable to the growth of this

i

pruiu — nuuieiy, phosphoric acid and sulphur. If
harloy be grown on hm 1 which abounds in nitrogen-
ou." (iubstances, the grain will I. fi imd tocontainan
excess of nitro;j;''n in the gluten, and h-' ilt"> lil of
t.tarcli, which i- a Mibstance coutainiii_' no nitrogen.
Such barley contains indeed an increased proportion
itf nutritious elements, and consequently yields flour
hotter suited for bread : but it 1- abnost entirely use-
loss for brewing, because beer brewed frioi it con-
tains but little spirit, clarifies with great <lifricuhv,
and has a dci'id-'d t'lehncv t-i bt'cnmo stahM»rv <M<iri. I

nating ingredients are lime and potash, with a not
inconsiderable proportion of sulphur, but loss phos-
phoric acid and nitrogenous substances, diie re-
markable effects of gyphum wu ihiscrop have already
been explained. The reason wli y red clover will not,
ordinarily, thrive well .-n t!ie same land, except at
long intervals, is because, th.' part I. ular substances
which clover rcjuires are speedily exhausted and
cannot In- rani llv enough rephi.'od bv I'hr natural pro-
cess (»f dinnt.'-raii. n and r .unuixture. Annth.-r
eau';'' nniylM' f.und in th- a!-ence of cahar.-uin mat-

9. Oats. This grain contains th.- smallest prop.,r- ; t,-r. in the s-dl ; and a. the v.tv sb.w d-vrlopment
ti.n of ih.- nitrogrnous ohaneiits, and may therefore ,uid formation of j.ntash in tie- .oil mavat times pn-
be cuhivan-d on soils containing vrry litth' of such v-ait the duo Lcmwth of ihi> plant, a seasonaM- appli-
substances. Silirir acid i.rodominates in oats ..ver ' .-atio,, of unh-a.died a^hos may s. r\o to prex^nt a fai-

tho other incoinhie^tiMt' .d'anont-^ ; w hih" phosphoru.^
potash and sulphur oceuj.y only a .■>ubor<llnato rank,
"ats consequently rrquiro h'<^ .,f those substane<'s
than any other species of irrain : oti \\hi(di ae-ount
this crop is cont. air \\ith iiit^-rior s-iN, and will thrive
where no elher -rain succe -ds. lint .-is ,,)t< v.un,\rQ
an e.xccoss of ^ilieie aidd f)r tho lormati-n <<( its
haulm or straw, th.' Imd int. aided fa- t!ii< crop
should be repeatedly plouglied i], tic pr.'.'-diiii; au-
tumn.

b). Millet. The elementary substances of this
;:rain are the same as those of oats ; but the plant
dues not poj^sess the same vigorous vegetative power.

^\ it!i pn.per cuh'.vation. it succeeds b'^st in poorer
soils, containing naturally the sam.' el-an. nts whhdi
oats rcfjuire.

11. I.NDu.v Corn- or Maize. Though this jhint
requires very little nitrogen, it n.'cds most alamdant
^'uj.plies of phosplo.ric arid and potash, and is espe-
cially benefitted ]y a dressing of well rotted barn-
yard in ihLire.

'-■ I^' < KHNE. Tame takes the first rank a

luro (d'tlie crop. As the ronts (d tin- r.d dov.'r cob
h'et from the '^uhv-.i! and storo up tie' prin^'ipiil in-
gr.'diiaits r.'.juir-d I'V wh.'-a and >p.'It, it pr.>\.'s it.^rlf
to be a VtU'v \alua;de forerunieT of tie i.,. .'rains

11. Km-ak- fi.TE, or *(i/'/(/'y///. If> p!-iii.'i}.al . ai^ti-
tuenta are lime, phosphoric acid, soda and su.j,..u,
witli ]'■•*•* p'ta-h t!iin the oth.-r el.jvors contain. As
it also contains a certain prop>urtion of nitr^iir. noui
• doneaits, it on the uiiole gr.'atlv re.-emljics r«'d clo-
ver in its characteristics, exc.pt ijiut it contains less
potash and more soda ; and its prominent elementary
ingredient is lime, it delights in a calcareous soil. —
Like luecrni\ an 1 f-r the hani.j r-M-' n. it succeeds
w. II on th> ^iiii." laU'l, only at Ion.; iuo r\als.

lo. A\ Hi IF. <"i.M\ i K. It..^ chief ingn-dii-nts arc p-t-
ash and line'. It thrivi^s best on hill sides witli a
clayey soil, whrr.' ih'' u'!';i''ual a!a-a-ur ^f th^- -surface
is continually oxp -mg fre.>h la\..TS of the clay to the
process of di<-int»'i:;ration.

1*'. liKAN^. '1 li.>.- cont.iin niuv'h nltro^^ ii ; rrqulre
a larg.' proportion .d'pota>h. soda, and sulphur: and

1 ^ ,^ - - -...w^ i»..iw.,^ tlit*r.dor.' prop-ady C'^inr in a- th'' first eroj. in a r )-

ic cunst,:u,.nr.-,lf this valuaM.' plant: affr wiiich ' tati^ai, after th- application of iVc-^h barnvanl m.-

sriur''^'^^'''^^'^'-^'^"''''''"^" ^' ^'^'' o.mtains inure.

Pi^licic'i.:']'^ (7-''^' ^"^'' '"'^-^'^ ""'^^^ proportion .d'l 17. Lenttt,^. Th.'^e ar.' similar in tleir composi-

Part^arenit ^ *' '^' ''''^"^'^''^'^'^^' ''^*''^^'^'^^" ^^''' K^^'-'-^^'i' tlon to b..in^. a^ aiv ptus likewise. Hut m-ither

rrpaf\. "' ^''^'^^^"^- Lucerne po.ssesses uncommonly I peas n-r h mil. ,-ucceed well after a dressin- -.f

fereat powers of vcf^ot'ith,), i>, r -. i ^ \ n ,

Pt-netratin r r \*'''''^^^''''- ''> "i-ans of its deeply | fresh manor.-, as it causes rankness of vegetation

^^ubstances wl h th '''''^''' ""''"^ '^''''''' "^ ''^''^" '^" ^''"' provents the formation of seed,
into the soil or sni'T'n""' '"'''"' d-^wnd^ep, Is. VEnnK. dde .• aNo an v. ry Mmilar to l.ans
however, is that the s \ ^''^^^'i^i- nc.^ of this ^ iu their eh m.ntary ingredient.^ and green Nrtehcs

'laugted the l)'.r . ^•^' ^' ^ ^^'"^'-^ ^"-'-•onie the more ex- ' pP.wed iiieh r ar.- a most <x<*.dl. ait manure, because

thodiir.u; 1 Tf ^ ^^ ^'^ occupied by tliis plant : anl th. r. by th.- carbonic acid and ammonia they contain
mc uuratn)n ot lucernt- -i •» rv i • ' '

, as a proauctiv.> crop, is long- are arrested and fixed, and the potash is bruuglit into

niong

^''''^^^ contains naturallv a -reator or 1 . ■

of if<.ir.« • ' ,^'*-aier or less ani-unt

^i Its appropriate and r. ,,

rlMl"!f^r ^^:"» 'ho depths of „ :,.'„,„;,.,,,,

a soluble state. A'etchos intende<l to be plowed down,
.-hould r.'ceive a .Ircssing of gyp-um, 1 ■ .auv- they
l"""''d nutriniont. And. a> need llino and .-ulphur. and ilieir fertili/ing proper-
ties are greatly enhanced by these substances.

10. BicKWUiAT. 'i he grain of the plant, m its
composition, resembles that of rye, for which reason
it requires a similar soil, and like conditions as re-
gards manure.
20. IIemi' contains a large amount of carbonaceous

only very Mowlv, it b oVn " ^' ' ^"■'"""^'

on the .amo land .t, '"?"'"^=''^^'l -'"' "J-ntage,
I 1.1 ,."','*"""« '"tervaU only.

• ^''^ ^'"^■"- 1° this plant also the predomi

1 '' "t^hB

42

COMMUNICATIONS,

[Mat,

1

Mil. (iOWF.W^ ADDKF^SS.

43

matter, with proportionally little nitrogen. In its
ashes, lime is the predominant ingrc'li(>nt and occurs

Monogynia, m the Ariiiicial System of Linna3us. To
the Natural Ordor JAliacce and Trihe Asphodekc^ in

in considerable quantity. Next in order, comr pot- 1 Gray's Botany ot the Nnrtliorn U. S.
ash, silica, phosphoric and sulphuric acid. Its re- The roots an^ small whitf ImiH,-.. Hko littlo onion*.
maining ingredients require very small supplies of The leaves arc from six to twelve inelics lontr, nar-
manure; hut a liberal application of lime and siil | row, furrowed, and very smooth; green, with a white
phur is indispensably necessary, w]ii(di ai-e I'urnished lin.> niiinin;:; aloiiL; them. The stem is from six to
by a dressing of gypsum, and the application orrKjuid t(;Q inches hi^ih, hruuched near the top, round and
manure. The land also must be very thorouglily
tilled. As hemp takes up but little of the ingre-
dients rc'iuired l)y winter grains, uith the exccq)-
tion of lime only, it proves a good precursor of such
crops, if the land lias previously been well dressed
willi haiaiyard manure.

21. Fi.AX. Silleic acid eonstituttvs the principal
element of this plant. Then fullow lime, y)h()Sphori('
acid, potash and soda, in ahoiit (Mpial (juantitles ; and
lastly sul}>hur, of wh-ch llax (!ontains about twice as
much as hemp. Carhnu and oxygen constitute) much
the greater portion of its gaseous elements, Avhile it
is fumd to contain but very little nltroiien.

22. TuRXiPS. Tiiesc contain much alhunien, and
consequently much nitrogen; then ioll«»\v lim(>, soda.
potash and i)h()sphoric acid in eonsiderahle aluind-
ance ; with a large proportion of sulphur and oxyd
of manganese — from which ingredients their nutri-
tious qualities are derived.

smooth. The tlo^^■.■r stem one to two inches lon^.
with a narrow thin leaf at the ])ase ; leaves of tht'
flower white within, green externally, witli a ^vhito
margin, 'i'he pod is thin, somewhat three cornorrd.
eacli cell containing a few dark, roundisli seeds. Id
a wild condition it .sehh»m ]»roduees seeds.

One means of destroying it is to plouL:h uj. ti.r
l)ulbs in the fiill,and turn sheep on them to eat them.
Another is to subsoil i)lou<j;h the land, and burvtln^
l)ull)s too de(^p to grow ; others sow salt on them t
induce the cattle to eat them, ])ut the liest way is t-i
eradieate them from the garden and nfij;hborh(t(.(l
hefnre tliev L'et Into til-' farm. In this ]ilant, anounop
of preventative will be found better than ttrn pouu -
of cure. J. M. McMunn.

T^iiif>nrHU\ Centre coiinf'/, I\i.

I will endeavor to send your York county corres-
pondent some seeds of the N'ibernum oxycoccus, <jr
high cranberry, next season.

For the Farm Jeuriial,

Agricultural Xulsanccs, No, !».

TIN o'clock, i\\£LVE o'CLOCK, STAR OF LETIILEIIEM

SNOW DROr.

French, Dame d'onze heures. German, Die vogd-
milch.

Ornithogalum umhellatum, /.///. Seilla eain])e<-
tris, Saui. Steilaris corymbosa, MnUfh.

Ornithogalum is said to be deriv(Ml from the (Jreek
ornis, a bird, and ;/'<•/</, milk. Tlie (lerman signifies
bird's milk. It is said to be the jilant referred to in
Lid Kings, VI, 25, as '' ^lore's tlKn^/."' — '' ((?i</ the fourth
2>'irt of a cat* of ilove's da ii'j /'<>/• fire piiCt'.s (f silver.''

There are nearly eighty species known, ehietly in-
digenous to the south of I'.ui-ope, South Annrira and
Africa. The roots of several species are eaten, tho'
they are not very palatable. According to Pallas,
the roots of the O, pilosum^ are eaten by the Greeks
of the Crimea.

The plant under consideration is from i''uro]»e, and
is very frequently introduced into liowcr gardens,
from which it is apt to escape, and if neglected, bo-
comes a serious nuisance. T have noticed it m tlie
spring of the year in the vicinity of Philadelphia, and
also in Delaware and Chester coutities, ha\ing ])os-

session of large plats of land. It is propagat(Ml by V,., who is one of our l>e>t f-uaaers, an 1 ^vho is ni

Raising Calves—A New Method.
While (*n a short vi-it to the farm of 'dr. 1'. M-
«"ro\vell, of this town, a few days ago, our attention
^vas drawn to a ]>lan of raising calves for early sale.
which, to us, in this section of the country, has the
a]>pearanee of novelty, and seems wortliy the atten-
tion of stock growers.

Mr. Crowell took ten calves (all heifVrs) la^t spring.
and commenced feedingthemon sourmilkata}''VN'(i\^'
old, keeping them on the same kind o{ f<"d 'iwin^
the summ(>r, takinjr good care to fecnl them unitornuv.
l)ut not very abundantly, so as to kee]) them -rovrini:
thriftly without f'orcing too ra]tidly. In tlu' tall they
were ].ut in th(^ staV)le, and fed on hay and a hm?
meal, increasing the .pjantity of \\v hitter gradually
with a view of htting them lor [{eef in the spring, at
one vear old or a little nnder.

These ten ealv(>s now hM,k like young OXen, a"^'
:ire estinnited to weigh a])out 5tH) lbs. each alive.--
They will ]>roha1.ly he sent to market soon, say neX'
month, when we shall src how it will be relished 1;^
the lovers of good eating. For ourselves we shou '
hardlv find it in .air heart- to decline a dinner fr'^ni
one of the best (d' tluan. AV.» nnder-tood i:-"ni ♦

the bulbs very rapidly, and 1 am informed, when it
takes possession of the soil it is almost impossible to
extirpate it, so exceedingly tenacious of life are the
roots.

It belongs to the Gth class Ilcxandria, 1st order

i

ing this trial ly way of experiment, that he ^^
quite satisfied thus fiir with liie present *^^*''°^^'^^^
raise Beef in one year, and that he intends to rene
the experiment another year, when he thinks 8
improvement can be made. — N. Y. Farmer,

i

I

" «IMk« M« « •

\i!tl I t •'•

,l,!iv<n<l 1h juiT the T,anrastrr rminty
Agrieultural Sariety,

At its An'n'I'm M feting ox the 13tii of Jan., 1852,

CONCLUDED.

nuro, he slu^uld neglect the utht-r work: both can,
and should be attended to: the thing re(|uired is pro-
per attention to Vioth. conf-rniishly to economv and
gOtMJ inanag. lueiit. ll the >t,i!ih"^ and pens have not
been enintied or cleaned for a Wit k or a month: if the
manure heap is not well constructed to prevent wash-
ing and waste — if the droppings <d'the cattle in and
about iho yard are not ccmstanily taken up while
Mv object in adverting to those Wonderful discov- fresh and thr-w n upon the lighter ."substances upon
erics is, to ask of you, hrotle r farnn rs, to admit the the lieap. hut are left to be liurnt to cinders bv tho
p(..ssihility of great <hanj-r< I cin- lua^lc in the prae- | sun. au'l (m--i d about wi-h the winds, or washed 1 v
tice of culture and hu-handry, and what i^ e(|ually ' tlie rain, la- tro/.m with the frost: < f \\hat avail is-
important. t.> a<lmit tluit changes are really ne»'drd i lahor on land tlius i-]\, atr.l cf it- n-uri-huifnt \Nhilo
to briuL' u- on a footing or along side of other callings. \ hringworked to d-ath '.' If f-acii t!iin.:> !-.•, ii Avcrr h ss
who, hy Some short cut, ha\e o-ot the start of u<, and i than full mea-^uro ofju-^ticeto call th-au di>grace!"ul: t-n
ean turn out hett»'r work and more of it than they i the other hand, if dulv attended to, thf ]a-:j.r:"fv of «h.-
did or could do forty year.s ago: while we renaain | ing these thiu'^s is so se]f-.'\!d" nt. and th-' e:i>-'.' ^^ith
pretty nmch in the same cmKruion we were in then: they nniy he ptrfornnMl under a pr^'P'T >v-t<ni. which ^o
u .rking a> hard and making as little as at any time | apjiartait, that hut little cianim ndati^n i- .!u.' !■ r the
\v;t!iin o\ir rt-.'olh-i'tions : whoat, corn, ro.as, ;;ra>s, service. Ilr ^\ho wouM 1/c do-.r\in_" ol" |!;i',-.- in
et<"., scareel V maintaiiiimj: their fornn-r avera;j;e per ; this re^pct >liould ),,. f.amd ad'lin<j: to th'" ncnuro
acre, while \\\<- co-t of pnMhicirii; them is certainly ' h^ap gatlerinj- Irom ditcln-^. (h-caved wood. ha\es,
nut dinnni-h'd. \V rll. having, as I hope you ha\c, wcrd^. Ixan'-. and llie dr^ppinirs of h"rs'>^ and ^atilo
admitted all this, 1 would take occasion to a^k you on tin- r^ad^ and laU''^ ti.m!- to tic- fatau. witli nian.v
to gj a step further, and that i>, for every tan' tore-^otlnr thin-'^ not neees.^ury to nniitiai ina'r, a!! .a

S'»|ve. hv OVorv ttiomii- ni lo< »ni\v-..i' 1 1> r. II I . '■!> ,,],v..rT-- I •ivli'i.'li *".■ ... t;,.,,. f,, firun rni"*'» ' • • " -^fp/) •> ♦ l^'*),-*

ini:. experine nting. readin-j; and couijiarinj-. to gain .'xpense .,1 time. It nnw ]>e a-^ked what can be done
m ire knowledge au'i throw more lii^ht on the theory I with the bones? Tic l"' -r v.a\ of oaiverting tlnan
and practice ol .VLrrliailture, f)r the purpose of im- into m.inure w.aiM hr f,. ;_M-in'i them: an a|ipar;i! us
provmg his ow n practice, rai-inn; the character o[' the might he profitafily empl-N ■<[ f a- tii- | urpose. They

profes-sion, and iucrea^in;: the wealth of' the State,
hy increase of products and 1 rin^^ing the lands into
higher condition.

can casilv be rednc ! hy saturatintr them with a solu-
tion of one part sulphuric and (oil of vitriol) unil two
parts water, w hen placed in a heap, underlaid and

lns])ired with the hope that you are prepared to surroundetl wi'h nnadd. as sand is placed around
Ihsteu to suggestions temling to improvennait, from ! lime to make m rtar. thr.>winL' in the m^aihl oc.-a^h n-
even the least pretendinj: S(airce, I now retui ai to the
remarks 1 had intended tu make on the i)raetice uf
every-day llusbanlrs .

It is a good old maxim, that "whatever is W'^rth
doing at all, is w-rth duin- Avell," and. that "we
should begin .at ih- he.^ri,,,,-,,j^r." AL'r.'eal.lv to this,
I shall hegin at the Manure, \vhi(di. if not the l,a.sis
of g(H)d culture, is indi-pensahle to the pr.Mluiti ai of

allv to unite and caNh the laHin_' -ut .-tanee fi^ni the
hones. As all mav n^t he r^ 'hie.-j hv the fir>t .-pritik-
linir, another heap imiv lie f 'jnicd of" so much of the
old one a< remain>< unreduced, proceedinir a*» at first
till all is reduced. If this method he »■' n-id' re.l too
trouhlesome, the hones will he f. and to he worth all
till' tr' adde rd' L'ath.erin j: t h- in. f' r placing in the ma-
nure hea)i, to ]>,• th'-own a^ide wlen the manur«i is
cropv en siieli himls as we (adtivate. 'The manure | p.'inu' hauled (ait, to he air-ain dep^.^ited in the -ur-

eeeding hea)»

lica]. is aptly termed the hirnn;r's ^'olden mine, from
w

pr

'I heir deciaiipositidii will hesh,w-, it

locu ne extracts the verital>le ore its(df, throui^h a is true, hut their presence in the heap will m re than

roc»'s.s of as.siy and coinage, (daboratecl on his fhdds, re]. ay the trouhle of keepin;: tlniu fiom \ear to \ ear.

\ -Nature s «, Ih through evf^ry stage of vegetation. Thev may he put away at one.. l,y huryiiiL' tluau near
^"111 the .aahryo L'erm ^^^ the perfect maturation td' the roots,' at a suitahle di^tam^-' from* the -teUH. ..f
e\er\ p.ant. .NO skill, no shift, that I have witness-! pear and otiier truit trees, and L'rape vines: tiie tin»»
eU, cx-Tdnl suc-erd in producing even a tolerable I fruit that will in after vear^ he produe.d hy thetre. s
crop wl -ram .a- r ..it< without a liheral a]. plication of \ thu< treated will attest their \alne. 1 am" thu^ ] ar-

.mure, projr.rti.il. d ti th" condition of the Imd ami tieular in p-intingto bones, m.t only on account (»f
^ ie nature of the ,a-..j, t<. he raix-d, without exhan-t- their fertilizing properties, hut to awaken attention
ing It to a greater degree i^ value than the ja-ifit to t he necessitv of hus])anding everything available
realizea_trom the wretched product forced fr ,m tii • |or manure, ft seemed stran-.'.^ th.at we -honld wit-

im,M,vori^!,.d > ah Ih-w ..sential then is ,t that eve-
r} ^legree of .are, everv expedient should he reported
U» hv the farmer, t., in-a-ea... ami preserve in the best
edition, everything, within his r,.ach. Inuin:: th..
' .vracter and quahtv of manure: and. h,^^
am>n!.7' ""'' I^^' ^^'"•^'^^^ inattention so prevalent
Zdfn 'v T ''' .^^% ^''' indispensable p .int in a
fm nT 'r ,^ '*" '"=hV vi.^t any numher of

. '-;nmme.f wdnd, hut it is almost certain to

H^we, "ir"^^' -'fl^-rven hard wa.rk - and vet.
r. suf^ iVn ^r^r^^ ^<''- stahle.and harn-vard
t n ^^^^^^^^^^^ »^" i^ l-'^-nn, .n vain, while

knitted t^lT^ are neglected, and the manure
m Z o art.r Tf' '" ^hockingly-<me davs waste
weekri;;nfl^^^^^^^^ repay perhaps a

Now it ianotLM^^Al ^ engages his attention,
x^ow It 18 not pretended that in looking to the ma-

nes> the gatheriiiLT ot" hones at our \er\ d'MU"^, a.aig
(air ri\er«^ and ean.nls. t-- i'C ^hipped ;iL Philadeljdiia
to Kn'j;]and i'"V manure, and n-t a\ail (turselves *<i an
article that the Fhiirli-h fa)iiier«( consider worth im-
porting ir. an '■o ereat a di-i;itice. It is asserted that
over f'ur millions of dollars' worth of bones arc an-
nually consumed lii I iigland for agricultural j.ur-
poses"! 'fhen t.' think of" the folly "f purtdiasing gua-
no, imy.orted ff in Peiai. at fa-fy d-dlar< p.er ton.
when it is in i ur p'i\N'er t'l make a lull supjdy ot nia-
inire at home. i ic farmer who cannot main:a:n
hi< land in high condition by the manure n ade upon
his farm, is not worthy the name of husbandman. —
How should this be done? I answer by keeping a
large stock of cattle, and letting nothing go to waste.
" Waste not, want not,'' is a saying worthy of special
regard. The quality as well as the quantity suould

44

MR. GOWRN'S ADDRKSS.

1852.]

MR. GOWF.X'S ADDPJ'SS.

45

be
man

5 taken into account: one load of well-presorvcd jury of almost every snhaeqnent emp r;ii<.'(i upon i*
anure, from the hoap of a pain,s-t;LkIn<i; farmer, is In no ca^e can 8uch lime be Hafi^ly applicrl in (.yj^.

worth two loads of his who in careh'ss — this is fifty | tity, as is customary, except whore the soil i>
per cent, in favor of the former. Guano cannot be "
objected to as a manure, for it abounds in fertilizing
ingredients, but its cost is objectionable. In our cli-
mate, the same amount of money paid for ;2;uano, if
invested in stable-yard manure, would be of more
benefit to the land in tin) long run. No manure is

[uan-

M over-

charged with vegctahle mould or abounds in lil.rous
roots, li' dressing after dressing of fiftj ^r muro
bushels of caustic lime to the acre Ik' applicrl every
four or five years, nothing can save the soil from the
accumulated injuries thus liea]H'd upon it, li^t ^jj^.
application of a great deal more; barn-yar.l laaaure
more to bo relied upon than that furnished by horses, j than, under the conditi(jn of no lime, woiiM ^^ ng^j.
cattlc,sheep and swine. In tin; year ending the oOth ! e(], to counteract or repair the miseliief doiie^, oral-
June, 1850, there was im[>orted into tlie Unite(l ready done; ))y the lime. Iff-re, then, is :i lu'cdless
States no less than twenty-one thousand two hundred I expenditure of lime and manure, which, if time
and forty-thretj tons of guano ; this, at forty dollars | would permit to go into a calculation f »rafew v ar<
per ton, amounts to eight hundred and forty-nine i would show an astounding amount in d dUrs. \'i
thousand, seven hundred and twenty dollars. At the 'well miiiht you be found heaping wood on a firi' t
port of IMiiladclphia alone, in 1851, four thousand, i keep up a comfortable temperature in a hou-t' - n ;i
nine hundred and eighty tons were imported; if sold i cohl day, while you kept the street door open to Lt
at the ])rice (piote<l, it would amount to but little less i in the cold, wlnm half the fuel would serve to k.;
than two hundred thousand dollars. j the house warm if the door were shut, as to apnlv

Of all the concentrated or extraneous manures, | caustic lime to heavy limestont^and, in ((uantitv a>
poudrctto, when properly manufactured, is the best [ it is usually applied, thereby rendering it so iiect'!-
and cheajM'st, and, for obvious reasons, should be j sary to put on so much more manure to modify it.
most encouraged. A large supply of this excellent By way of illustrating the op})osite tendmcit-s :'
article may soon be exm^cted from the works about lime and manure, t^ oppose a heap of rich manure n-

bein'T^ est-nldished hv Professor Poyson, c\ '^b"V'^r ' pi''^T»"^d from whore it li;e! ^1 1 .■"'!ii'.' tini" in a f.':,

French Chemist and engineer, who has made ar- ' the spot on which it stocxl lieing surcharged with tl''

rangements with the Board of Health of the city of
IMiiladelphia for disinfectinii; or deodorizing: cess

li(iuid it had absor]»ed from the heap. If sealed in
this condition, the grain would not head or till— at

pools, and the converting eowTrage and putrescent j best it would he rusted or ehoked witli weeds. In
substances into poudrette. I witn(3ssed an experi- ' such a va<>\ what would be the readiest method a
ment by him on a cess pool at my residence last Alay, i farmer could adopt to i-estore this over-rich spot to
when he deodorized the contents of an old deep well usefulness? AVhy, nothing more nor less than to
in the space of fifteen minutes. The object of having ; administer to the soil a strong dose (»f (luiekdime, by
it done under my inspeetion was for the purpose of j trenching and mixing it well in, throughout tho spot
taking (diarge of the disinfeetod mass, at the instanc(^ i affected. This w(tuld put it^ pletln«ra to a jtiir^^ation,
of the Philadfdphia Agricultural Society, to ascertain ' nnd soon render it le;ui enough for active siTviee.—
whether the })roc-ess he conducted would not destroy On the otii(>r hand, a sealdiy spot, hdt on a tii'hl hya
the fertili/dng ])roperty of the feeal matter. To this heap of limt;, can be restore(i by pouring a quantity
end I applied it to a part of a patidi lai<l off fir ruta j of liipiid manure upon it, or by trenching in ^v,•ll-
baga turnip, to be conij^ared with other very strong ! rotted barn-yard manure, in excess, jiy this it would
manure, principally from a slaugliterdiouse. I f >und seem that lime, in some degree, is as antagonistic to
the poudrette, throui;h all the stages of growing the , maiuire as the sun is to moisture. lUit it may he

crop, erpially as etfective as the other manure, and , claimed that lime is made use of as an ag'^nt te ]
giving as good a yield in turnips. This is instanced pare food for plants : be it so then, and allow that in
to show what science can do for agriculture, and to j some cases its services are useful; would tliatju>tifv
point to resources not often taken into acc(3unt by | its indiscriminate application as a feeder, as W' 1
farmers. Tiie turning this olfensive matter, which j where there is nothing for him to do in his lin^', .^
among a dense population is a source of inconveni- i where there was somt^thing he could do lawfully.
once and disease, into a state to be handled with less j In the general, lime is so wasteful and raven-i^a
unpl(>asantness than good stable manure can be, is a I cook, that he sometimes consumes more than 1'
trium[)h to science, and, if properly encouraged, will | furnishes to the family of j)lants it is intended h^
add to the agriculturil pmduets of the State thuus- 1 should ])rovide f.r; nay, it may 1)0 suspected, tll^
ands upon thousands of doll.ar^ annually. when his allotted means*^fail to a'^ppeasc his gnawinj;

^ To speak of lime, as I feel bound to d(y, in connoc- appetite, he will feed on the plants thenisolvP^'»
tion with manure, requires no small degree of cour- though they may have a little cd" his own Mood in
age, knowing the gr(>at value you jdaci; u])on it. — tlieni. ])o not, / pray you, take this as a wliole^alo
Broadly, then, 1 hold it not to l)e a manure, in the condemnation of lime. As an agent, it is u>^efal i-'"'

nndiorating et^rtain eonditii»ns of .soil, if judieioii^!}
applietl. lii^ht sandy, micacious <^r isingla^^?. rea
shale jind slaty soils, may in general be benetitted by
dressings of lime; but on (layey limest«me soil
should d(H>m its application unnecessary, if not inj^'
rIon.H. To mix in a irood dressing; of eonimon snn .

common acceptation of the term: and that its so frc
quent application upon a large portion of your l:in<l,
the heavy loam and clay lands, is not only destruc-
tive of the real manure applied to those soils, but to
the inherent organic fertility found in them. Quick-
lime, spread on or with manure, evolves or liberates
the most active elements or fertilizing ingredients in
the manure, facilitating their escape into the air. —
Not only so, but so long as its causticity continues,
which, from the large ])ortion of magnesia generally
found in lime—the burning process, if 1 may be al-
lowed the expression— is likely to be kept up f^r a
long time, during which the vegetable ingredients in
the soil are being too rapidly and unnecessarily wast-
ed, to the great detriment of the soil, and to the in-

wouM be more ratitmal liy far than throwing i"""
into it. The sand would i)e harmless at h>a.>t ; j'-^^
lime in my judgment could not be so. if the ^s^'^'|
• d the lime,*so inappropriately applied, were expenQj
ed in wood ashes and pulverized (diarc^al, it wouK
show results incomparablv remunerative. In thus
pronouncing so unequivocally upon the merits of hnu\
I am aware of the risk incurred ; but if it should serve
no other purpose than to lead to a closer observaUon

1

of its effects by other-i, I sliall fetd fully comj>ensat(Ml,
and content me, in abiding an unprejudiced verdict,
on the opinion so frankly avowe.l.

This leads mv. to say a W(»rd on an(dher agent,
rivpsum, or IMaster of l*aris; and heri- 1 feel at per-
fect liberty to admit its surprising Ij.Miefiida! etlects

that it was owing to tiie action of tho gypsum that
the olfensive smell was abated, and that tlie strong
elHuMa vras notliing more or less than the aiiiniMuia
escaping from tho soil, wiii(di bud so recently been
impregnated tn a iiigh degree by th" putrefaetion
from the slaughter-lnm.so manun-? Then, did tiio

on Hoils and vegetation. That so small a modi. aim iryp^um neutralize or destroy the fertilizin«^ <'as
of this cheap and easily applied mineral should ••.\hi- | which was p..isoning tho atmosphere? or di«? thVy
bit such wonderful intlueiiee in eonservating the for- both unite, from the principle ,,f aiHnily or attraetion'?
tility and capa'^ility of land to sustain it so ably ! 1 believe they ujiited. The plaster, in deseending*,
under the exhausting }»rocess <d' producinir. must a<- j umv have carried ^o mueh r»f the <_'as with it as feU'
toni.sh every experienced ami experimental farmer! | in its way. purilyin.: -r ndievini' th" .air <>! it so far;
The (piestion, as to how it act-, i^ one tluit has idial- | and, wh.ii lodge. I .,n th.- -roiii 1, iurane' a receiver
I'^n^ed the observation .d"many inquiring minds, an. I j t.. take in. or :i li-l tn cover t!,.' v.datile eh m- iii-> of
loeniH at this day not to Im' fully settled. Some h.dd fertility that would e-«.ap. • • ■•
that it supplies, in itstdf, an (dement mM.'essary to the
development, growth, and jierfectability of plants, in-
a.'-niu(di as gypsum, and the sulphuric a.dd it suppli(>s,
are f aind in the a>his of the pl.itits. (.>thers main-
tain that its beueli.'ial aL^'Micy consists in its eonstr-
vative capacity t.> liu^band, or prevent the esca{)e of

edding thnn until
rains an<l dews should wash th.-m fr-m its rmbra<e
to enrich the s,.il. .-uid furni-^li f ud !■. ih-- i-M.,tl.!> ,,t"
the plants that nestle benrath, waitiie^ f -r tin- pre-

cious

trickl

in:

with some df 'reo

It" this simple explanation -I

I - « \\' J .

f accui'acy. tlo' .acii"!! and inibi-
ence (d' gypsum, how insensibl.Mlen i.au-t th-' farm.T

auiin(»nia and other >ubtile elements of fertility in | be to his own int'T<<ts, wie. wiU n^t pr-Md • a <uita-
the manure and soil. lixiiiL: or retaining them in the ble siipjdy (d' tin- pcrfrct (i'Ml-s.'nd .,f ;l Mi'.-tance,
soil, so as the plants may fe.Ml upon themthroULdi all | wdierewith to sprinkle his >tal les, his manure ami
the stages of vegetating. To this latter theurv I am ' his fnMs?

fully inclined. Tho^e who adle^re to the other opinion I While treating: of plast.r. .d^ver, from a-«-a-)(Matinn.
rdy upon, a.'^ uocadjr .-^uiLcd, lie- f\ ki.-uco oi Lrypsum i naiurauy pre>-,.niv, ir>rir ; aiei a-* tini- wiii n m pt innt
being found in the plants : and h.-nce die necessity to enter upon cr.'ppin^i; and eulrur.-, 1 !• oi iii.iin,.,i to
of an adventitious supply .d' gypsum, Ir^t the band j uiake a pas^in^r imiHrk up-n ii hoi-,.. Th, r ^ .-^
should be destitute of this indisp.-nsalde iiiu^redient "'" * ' •' ' • -

liut taking this plausible de<luciion into \ie',v, how
oouhl so small a quantity as a Imshel of plaster, sown
on the surface of an acre of land, considering its in-
solubility, be taken up in so short a period as the
season of growth by a plant, such -ah who;tt [^>r in-
Btanee, whose roots penetrate so tar below the surface
of the ground? The shortness .d' the perio.] of growtli
will more forcil)ly apply to (dover aiel gra-s for mo.v-
ing which, fnjm the tiiue the i»la-ter is ai-plid. till

prevai'ing opinion th-it clover is fav-raMe to the land

as a non-exliau-^ttr, if not an enriiher of the soil.

If it derive this character from the idi a tiiat it draws
more nour shment from thf> air than the soil, 1 beg
leave to dissent. 1 am not much of a believer in the
doctrine of atm(»spheric nutriment, aiel yet I am not
prepared to reject it in toto. A .dose observation
will e>tabli>^!i. I think, thai it i- owing to the shade
the clover inq.arts to the land that it exhausts so lit-
tle of the Soil. lUi.'k wheat turnishes another instance,

ttie tiarvesting of these crops, less than thre.Mnonths. ' with this ditfer.-n.e. tli.-it the .Mipply required to till
would Ite too short a period to expoct they .'..uld | the head or niatur.- tlie grain in tho buckwheat, is

have taken up the plaster sow n upii Lhem'. Tli;it ' ' " '' ' ' ' ■ ■ ■ • --

they did not take it up, or any of it, is probable:
that they did take it up, couhf .ailv b.- provi n bv
^hcmieal tests hardly pos.ihle, it is p'resunied, to con-
duet to any positive certainty.

The thM,,ry. th.'ii. that the gvpsum exerts an inthi-
"»;•" merely. ..r.udy, in holding in solution, as che-
imsts w.aild -ly. tlie frtilizing gases f)r the u<e of
tlie plants, secnis uii.,ue.ti-nable. I am strengtben-
^M in this by experience in sprinkling jdast.'r daily
•'^ yi.y -tables, for years, on the removal of the litteV
>'uid dung: it< otrect is, to al>ate at once the cfHuvia,
^"owmg the intluence it exerts over the amHi.nia —
l^etanyone try its effects in ;i loul stab,!,-, and le

greater than what is le-o.leii t . torm the llowers of
the clover. Sh:idc is a wonderful conservator of soil;
and this sugi:.--ts how careful we should be to expose
<»ur land as little ;is p(.s>iM.'. in a b;ire or nak' 1 -t ite,
to the severity of our summer suns and wirit'-r fr'st.''.
liut to shade may be reckoncl tie- Iov> >u-«taiii.ii in tho
cloV(>r, and conseipient -/'n'/t [>■< th" l.-md. fi-^ni > . nui. h
of it being lef> on tle-tiold a' liay-making, e.-p.-cially
whim the (di>ver is grow n with tim^thv. a praci • -. that
cannot be too stron^rly e.ndonin .p Th- t •;)-l!-''--ln'^
thus given inv.duntarily t > the laiel, fron'i the best
and stron:^'.'>t p;irts of the clover— the fine leaves and
th wer<. -str. wn aroiiml — c<mtributes in no small de-
ll . ... .. ......,,. ,i,.M ,>. irr. .- to the good condition claime.l for the .^ojl after

p,!j.-f'"^" *' "j*^."^'^'^*-'^^ ^^^^^>*" ^':^^"r»> of the service it I crops of clover; add to thi.v. tie- .juantitv -f .Kn-t
}Ui'|o"'''\'^'- '"^ '^^^ ^''"^"'^^ uti.ity in pres.'rving th«^ vol-, ro.»ts spewed out up.ui tie- l.-iiid throu-h li.r/lnuand
I f^ j.ortion .d the manure, so essential to its streni;th ' thawing. l(d> to rot m.on it, .-md vai ha\e almost
' '^-""•''l|i'ility. • i tho sum total of tie- causes whi.-h*h-ad t > the hypo-

,^j.' |"'^.'''''"'."^-"bP"i'tunity was alTorded me last.Iulv' thesis that cIov.t i> a non-exhauster, or improv-r of
•' IToMijg it.s etfeets in this re^rard. The manure 1 the soil, if this be the ca-^e. is it not pnuM-r we

ued o^. tju' ruta baga pat.-h already allmled to. in '

juxaposuion with th. poudrette. was prim ipally

an 11 ir I'-r '?^''^^'"'"'^ '^ '''^'^ particularly odo'rou;,
Ut a! erward there came on a heavv rain su-Tee-l-

llt "J'Z'^^^^^^^

an.l r turn ? ""1^ '^'' "^^^•'^^' <-mmenced, but hfr,
iThed lir ' ^'^'^ ^'''''^'^' the operation wa- tin-
Periocl rji T"' ^'H'''''^'''^ ^^' ^^''<i ^I'^t in so short a
S iti^oW TkT:. ^^' disagreeable odor had al-
moet entirely subsided. From this, is it not manifcet

should look closer into tau.'>e and <dfect, and not
blindly f >llow illusive practice.', so subversive of our
own prosperity ? J must not be under»<t'^od as con-
demning the practice of growing clover: I .-ondemn
it not, but insist that rvt-ry crop lM'owu sh^uM be
Vo 11 hu-;b;irided. and put t" its propwr use, and not
\\ i-f. 1 on the tiidd where it is grown. And here it
may not b.- out of place to explain why clover and ti-
mothy should not be grown together. One rulin'*
objection is, they do not ripen at the same time. If
the clover bo cut when ready for mowing, the timothy
cut with it ia of little account, not having attained itd

46

MR. GOWEN'S ADDUKSS.

tlirou;:;!! a ju'lirlDus luhiptation of crops, in view of
profitable yield, at the hast pos.sible Iohs to the soil
In prtjportion as these ('(»n,aideratioiiH shall inllueiicf*
in like proportion will hethe^od ,,r had culture and
hushandry on the farm.

To maintain land in ^ood e*>nditiun, there is no re-
sort ^\ithin my t'Xperiunce ei^ual to Hoiling, on old
well-eh<ai(>d-larms ; if no other respect, tiie increas.^
of m;iuiire dropped in the stables and yard, at hand
ior preserviii;:, instead of its Ixdn;]:; wasted on the
lanes, iiidds, and dit(di<'s, would )je sullicient to re-
connuend it to the ])rovident husbandman. f his in-
crease of manure, ^ivin^i; increa.>e of lertiliiy to the
soil, and by consequence increas(; oi' ])roducts, is so
])ro^ressive, and mutually so s(df-sustainiiii,' to th?
eatth? and land, as to defy calculation, 'f ho enlii^ht-
ened farmer, who has e.V}teriment(d on ir, can i nly
compute or appreciate its multiplyin«; reMihs. it Im
easier, however, to illustrate the evils of (Irjiii-turin)^
exfiosed uplands, than to calculate the )„ tutits ac-
from the system of soilln;^ cattle; i>iit the

1852."!

MR. GOWKX'S AI)[)Ki:sS.

1

crum;;

grow^th; it shrivels astonishingly in the sun while
drying; what is of it is acid, disagreeable in taste,
and unwholesome, from not having matured or ela-
borated its. sap. If, on the other hand, the timothy
is left to ripen, the clover then is almost a total loss,
nothing of it reaches the barn lit for cattle, or even
fit to supply the place of straw. Independently of
this, if a line sod is desirable, as it undoubtedly should
be It never can be found with timothy and clover.
Why? Because, from the start at growini^ till the
end of their respective terms, they are in habit, taste,
and condition uncongenial, and therefore inappropri-
ately put together. While growing together the lirst
season, the bushy head of the clover pushes aside or
sniothers the tiny ))lades of the young timothy; next
spring, much ol" tlie clover has been h)rced from the
grouiul by the frosts ol wint(;r, leaving th(i stems and
roots of tiie timothy sadly exposed to the freezing and
thawing of March,'^with its occasional chilling winds;
and hence the im])Ossibility to lind a continuous, com-
pact sod, on any Held thus cropped. Andwiio takes
the pains to calculate the l.,ss on spaces left l)are
where the clover stood, or relhn-ts on tin; impropriety
of wasting land and labor? When timothy is re-
quired, it should be sow^n alone, and pcu-mitted t^)
mature suitably for hay. Orchard urass and clover
may be sown together, because tliey ripiui at tiie
Bame time, and didight in the sanu^ soil : bait where a
good, well-set sod is wanted, to last for several years,
no red ch)ver should b*^ sown with the timothy or
orchard grass. The clover should be kept by itself,
and contined to fields or patches intended soon to be

broken up.

There is another remark, however it may conflict
wdth preconceived opinion or «'st;ibbshed usage, a
sense of duty compels me to make ; and that is, of
all the time-wasting, land-cheating practices, none is
more to be deprecated than that of turning in green
crops, as a succedaneum for inanur<\ In whatever
place this is practiced, however strong the land may
be at the start, the system, if persevered in, must in-
evitably bring the land, its owners and tin; country

into a state of poverty. No goo»l hnslundman wouhl ... _... . .- .. .. -- -

think of pursuing such a course. Tliink of the time I tie, having plenty of Juicy Ibod, with time to restan-l
lost in [unsparing ground lor a croj), seeding it, , ruminate in the shade, to that of ranging all -hiy un-
der a burning sun, tired and fatigued in liiobsand
jaws, gathering a scanty, scorched herbage, that hut

one will in some degre(i unf )ld the other. Su{-iM»9e
we begin with fifteen head in gro'wn. cattle, and in-
(pure how many acres, under <air fervid suns, would
it require' to pasture them from May till Xuvemlirr,
on ti'dds of artificial jrrass, denuded before the pre-
vious winter liad set in to impoverish theni farth-T
with its killing frosts — the cattle to be turip ■! out ^.u
the first (d* May in condition as is u^ual in su'h
cases? AV'hv, not less than thirtv aeres. Now lav.r
that five acres of wtdl prepared land, near to the barn,
under j)atches of rye, clover, and orchard grass, lu-
cerne and corn, to be cut green, and fed judicioudy
In tic -tables or sheds — the cattle having a spring: in
some spot to be driven to for water and exercise-
would sustain these tifteen head of cattle better than
th.

])y this operation. And how miuh better avouKI be
the condition of this land under grain, or grass for
mowing, than it could be iind<r the continual bitin;;
of the cattle, an<l the scorehinL:; heat of the sun?—
\nd in how nuu'h better eondition would iiO the cat-

\\o thirty acres a])pointed fir them to graze on.—
lore, then, is a saving of twentydive acres of land

:uid instead of allowing it to mature, ti) be gathered
to the barn, ploULihinij; it uiuh^r, to serve as manure

To call the accidnlatetl water, which the decomposi-
tion of partly grown clover, buckwheat. Sec, produce,
manure, would be a misnomer— the calling of a thing
by the wrong name. Where a winter crop in the
spring shows unmistakeable signs of proving a failure,
a clever farmer should, and would plough it in, and
substitute a summer crop in its stead, so as to pro-
vide against loss of time producing, and to get what
ho could for the manure 1p' had bestowed ujH)n tlu^
wdnter crop t!ie previous fall. It is intolerable, tlie
cant of want of vegetable matter in the soil, as ex-
cuse lor turning in green cro})s. No soil that is well
supplied with barn-yard manure, and laid down to
grass occasionally through a judicious rotation, can
be destitute of vegetable matter. If the turning in,
year after year, scant crops of clover ami the like, bo
persisted in, the land so treated must, in a bri(d' pe-
riod become not only destitute of vegetable mouhl,
but of every other organic ingredient necessary to
fertility.

Two considerations should ever govern the practical
farmer. The tirst is, the absolute necessity of main-
taining liis land in high condition — "good heart," as
it is termed. The second is, the system best adapted
to impair as little as possible the tirst or main object,

ty of manure that may be saved in thest^ two in"n'
with the increase of dairv T)roducts, and V' u '^
form some idea of the ben ditdal workings ei f''''/.'\
tem of soiling. It may be objected, that the additMn>i-
expense in wages or labor incurred in ruttuif^ f^c
feediiej; has not been brought firward. ^\ ell, lot U'^
examine this item. These 'cattle must be turned out.
and brought in from the fi.dds daily to be nulked^;
this, under the circumstao'es. by no means rare. Cj
the fields being distant and h'nces not very ;;"•/••
consumes time and breeds confusion, Irein ttie
(pient interruption to (»ther work }ia\ing t> ho sii"
pended while looking after the cattle that l»ii^'*^' P'7^
haps broken into some fmd.iilden field or thrown tn^
bars down. Then aUow for so much time and la^r
as is thus spent in the common way. and you li-'^^^*^
to take into account only the additional "!'^*^"^""^''^„
time of a man or a well-i^rown bov, who would ho^
quired to attend c-nstantly on tie- eatil- xvhilo boin.
soiled. A bov who can milk, ehan stables, iu'>^
little grass, clo\er or orn, wlund it mi a j^;*^^''^^ f
the stables, or hitch a horse to haul it, would he i^^
ficient for the undertaking : but even should a i ^
hand be required, the wages for two months wou
not exceed tliirty dollars ; but who would thint

9

to the land on w loeh it was raised ! Manurt>, indeed! mocks their restless cravings ? Add to this tii^' 'lunm-- ^

waiivWKirwx aw^wMk m_^mmm

object, as you may have perceived, was to promote
the furtherance of societies such as yours, believing
as 1 lo that in no other way can the improvements
need, d in culture and husbandry, (.n public conside-
ratioii^ ;lv well as on in lividua! account, be so etfect-

wa'^'es, when the work is chietiy getting manure for
the mere wheeling it out, as would be the case if the
stables bo cleaned out as they should lie, three times
a day. I'l 'his way f)rty to fif'tv head of eattle

Inight he kept for milking ami breed. n.-, upui anv ... , ^.. ..._„....,, .,,,-„„,,, ^,. ,,, ^.^^.^.^^

commonly good larm ot from seventy to uie- hundred , ually accomplished as by a combined effort of enlbdit-
acres, admitting at the same time of more • fheient j ened and patriotic minds, devoted to that objocT —
cropping, through a series of years, than if but ^^m.^ I One word as to the adaj)tation of crops to the soil
ei;;ht or ten head were kept m the ordinary way. and Tii re U scarcely a farm of any considerable size'
even these to bo turned out on the roads and lanes luueh !-->< a district of country, but oxliibits some va*
while the crops are in, as is sometimes the case, until rietv m smU, ;ii„i which does iiotreouir ■ a ^n-riil and'
turned in upon the stubble and young grass uith lie- judieiou. discrimination in adapting 'iho cr-os to
swine, 80 soon as tie- gram is remoV(.'d from the fields. ^ i., its peruliarities. To fdlow. th.en, ^ can-n.-n r .fi
The .soiling should not be continued longer than two | ti n, as if th.' soil of tl,.. v/\,.,i. ^vere eomni oi ( r
nr.nths. The cattle from duly should have the range [ equal, must end in disappointne i.t to tli.- Iioors ,,V the
of the m -wr-d grass fields the remainder of the sea- : farmer, and peculiar lo>> to th- laiMie in -o'neral ~-
son, with the stubble land in due time. In duly, the , AV*1ietlier from this, the waste ..f uvAuiii-r oP the \u-('
orchard, gra-s and elover, the best artifii-ial grass for I hvt to husban<l it. <.r inaptn- - in r. Zw ■ > it i< a^"
hay and pasture, ^vill be rea<ly fu- second cutting: pan'ut the lands are imt as pro.luetive as ^th.'v
hut no good husbandman, who values the condition shouhl be. [f they be ill u-cd, waited or rMll.,! f
ofhislan.i, would think of mowingsccon.l crop— the! their fertilltv, what is t.> beei.nii. .d VninM iv ■in'i'-i
cattle only should out ir. Second cr.,p makes poor | when tley shall n.t vield their ad.'ouat.- and natural
fodder, an I to turn m the rattle so soon as tiie s<-uh.' increa--? Tip.iisands of acres of liu ■ land ar."] .a,",.r
has ceased mowing eith. a- lir>t or second crop, be it doomed annuallv to d-t-aaorati m thr-'udi a \ ie':, ,h
meadow or upland, to exu-rminate th.j roots ..f the system, bv their own. rs who are little "bou.-r Vl in

j^ru^s durin;:: fall, comjdctelv <lenudini- the firld. .•iitMl,.T..r< ..f tl,.. groun'' 1 by the de?Jtri •<*

wiiou winter shall have set ill, is not only had p^lirv wantonly perpetrate! b> tli > teu'intV This W'T^
hut wasteful economy : an acre or more .d' turnip, class are a< wolves among Mocks, e\er ir ,wlin- ai .ait
find otlier roots, would ^.a-ve a bett-u- iairp..se for an.l victimi/.ing wherever they come Ther.-"/,av 1 '
winter food than second crop grass and elov-r. ' some h aiorabh- .'xc-ptious n. this sweerdn- .1," .V..''

It IS a reproach to Pennsylvania that her catth' but it may he asked, where i. tlic farm uno-. r v-.nt'
and dairy products B^ould fall so far short of New , fa- a 1, w years, but has it.* character suhk and u,

wir!^th !r f kT' ""f ^^'^^I ^' [' '"'^ !'"' ''^T^ "^""- *"'^'''^>' "lostroyed ? In England, and s„me parts of
^^lthtlla of IMO, as fiir as has been given, slmw that j;ur.>pe, this evil is well provi.h-d against bv reme-
we fall below >^<;w Vak in dairy products about , dies, founde.i .s w il ,a, publi,. policv, consfrvarTN^
.ight mdhons o ,i,.llar. annually. This is a large | of the lan-l, d lut.n.:. a. prot. eu.e „i p.i.ate 'l tV-
Item m one product, and is just so many millions a '' ' , -' • .1 '^^ ^'.-.'^i>»

year abstracted or 1 -t to th.> income w^ealth .d' our
t omnionwealth. Auoth. r it. ni is no le^s startlin-—

and he
h.-ld in

w le. want ally d-'teriorat' - (he soil th. re is
lift!.' less detestati-ii tliau a pu!.lic robber.

,»• ,).,, V \- 1 , " ,""" ^ -"■o— I If- in fillin^' up the broad outline broached at the

:ll\: . f ^"'^.P';'"i^»^'"'l' a.-eording to the inrm- ' be^^iunin- u ith -ueh .h'tail a^ in rav judgment seemed

r census, twenty millions of hu.hels potatoes more l.e.t calculat. d t,, Mii.scrve tlie great c^u^t^of vT^ri

the aniitv of o 'i- J'^-n-'ioe is perceived in ' y..ur time and pat., n, .., lideii^v in purp..se an.l '..ail

allu 1 t^ C "'' '''''[ \^'''' "^ •^*'^^' ^^'^'^-^ '" .-x.-uting mu.t pL.td mv ex...... f;,r .an v ....anin^

! rst'ar K '" '''"V^r''^*''^ ^^''^^''' ^''^ ^vinter use ; : diffusiveness. Tlie attentive hearn.;;. howev.r v. u

.r n., .' 7-^^''?- ^" mv remarks, l..aus m.^ to h.a'e'no

r bh ...rteai..^ U s.-lls from five to six cents per .,th.>r apoh,.v is n:....s.arv. (Me- thiu ^at hast is

X: m e^ltHr'^'^' \^T ''^'^r ^'''^ ^^"''-^^""^ "'^^^^•'^' '^^'-''''^ ''=^^- ^•'"'" ^-' ^'■"■^ "'■ '^<' -'•vice I
. rf\ .1 \">^\nd. 1 have taken some pains to could have wi.li.MJ t.. naid. r u, th- .-ause vo,,r 1- in.l

.. e ani the quantity of X.w Y.u'k butter\hat is partiality designate,] m.- n. pn n.ote. '

•Id ainuallv m th.. Philadelphta market---.some <.f j ' ^.- --l

^'' "> 'louljt, couMinied in Laiicast.a- an-l uei-hboi in.r i:.u 1 ef St-aham.

to l-lh^'Vl^at^'it'VlIu rm ''u""^'!' -urcs am led Tla. m.aith we give a p.>rtra.t o| the distin^ruisJnd

tl^aisanddo W iL t '^'h '^^""' ^'rT^^'^ bull Karl of Seaham (1U,1S1.) H. was bred bvdohn

in.' IN'nnsW \ a L.d m '' I m<meyof farm- Step nmson, K..,., of Wolviston, eountv of Durham.

-NVw York for butu fl ^''],^'^^f'' ^^.'^ ^-^ ^'^ ^^''^l^^nd, and uas .a!v. d April L»lst, IMS, m.w three

ared thousui uX^'t ;:• " '^'^' '''"' 'l^ ^W '"'": y^''^ "''^" "•' ^^^^^ ^"^'^^t^J '■> Mr. Stevens, an.I wa8

every year, to say iiMthmg .»! | import.'.! ],y hiia and Colon.d Sherwood. If. uas

^ mo l.r J "'^ r' ":'" "'toresLs? Now, a oow of
the Kh r •-'"''■'>'^;"'."»- 'l'l>e huHi .•»„.l .limuto „f

but 1,;, ,1 ;•"•'",.' ".''■'^'■''' "'•• 'lilt-r.-iioe? Nothing'.
I ,;.''''''' ".' *'"' "'"-' '" ■lurv,.r,a.,ts .ml

all moans, to eoualuo at least.

.".Itheieforom^tj"-""^'-'^ ''^ occupy ha, elapsed.
r,r,.nar,f ; 1^ f ., ' ""'"K "^ remarks to a close. The

h«fr cu n^"*^ ""^ """ and Adaptation of crops, with
iU«.r culture, are necessarily excluded. My principal

shipped fr. an lav. rnool in dune, and arrived in \cw
'^ ork in .Vugust. inone month after his arrival, and
before he had recovered from the eflects (d" Ids voy-
ag«\ he was exhibited at the Show of the New York
State Agricultural S.xaety, at Albany, in S>ptember,
I<S,30, and won the first prize as tlie best two year old
short horn bull shown. In ( >ctober, In^ was exliilntvd
at the eattle show of the American Institute (d' the
City of New York, and won the tirst prize n.s the best
short-horn bull, in the aged class of short. horns, or
hulls tw » years (.Id and ujj wards. Seaham wa«
shown at the great show of the New York Agricultu-
ral Society, at llochester, and won the 1st prize as
the best bull in class 1, short horns.
Earl of Seaham is of the famous Princess tribe of

48

EARL OF SEAHAM.

[May,

1852.]

TflF. [lOMKSTEAD.

49

/'I'^'.'f^^^'^

ehorthoriiB, that is so emiuent for style, quality and
milkiiif^ capacity. Col. Sherwood's lied Rose, now
four years old, whose dam is a sister to the dnm of
Seahiim, is an extraordinary milker, and from her
milk, in 25 days, ending on the 6th of June, 1851,
there were made 4'J pounds of butter. Another cow
of this tribe, Princess I., now owned by Ambrose
Stevens, New York city, dam of prize bull Vane
Tempest, five years old, sister to the dam of the Earl
of Seaham, for two months before being put to grass,
this season, on hay and turnips, gave daily from 20

to 25 quarts of rich milk, and only three or four day?
during these sixty, gave less than 23 quarts a da^^.
and for more than thirty days of the sixty reached -*>
quarts. She doubtless would have made as mii|'"
butter as Red Rose, had the experiment been tried.
Earl of Seaham was got by Earl of Antrim (10,1 ' 1)
—dam Primrose by Napier (0,238)— out of Rose Anii
by Bellerophon (3,110)— Rosette by Belvedere (Iji^^'l
Red Rose by Waterloo (2,816)— IVloss Ross by Baron
(58)— Angelina by Phenomenon (401)— Anne Bc)-
leyne by Favorite (252)-^Princess by Favorite (25*)

— Brighteves Iv I'avitrite (252) — llriji^liteyes liv Hub-
back (:nO)—Bri;;Lit.'yi',s ]>y Suowdun's bull ('<;i2)—
l)uchc8s of Allien !,y >f;ivt,.rn!;inn's bull (122) —
Beauty by ll.irrlsnirs l,u!i (2l»2)— Trijx^s by the
Studley bull ((VJ6). Tri|M's was bred in 174S by Mr.
I'iokoring, of Foxtnn, nut of ;i cfiw whicli he Ixa^dit
in 1731), when a calf, of Mr. St(j)!i.iis,,u, of Krtton.
The fomalo ancestors of Trip -h lni.i \>vrn ]>rv^\ by,
and in, the possession i-f Mr. St»'pht'ii<i.n .'ind his hi-
ther, back in ir>84, in which yr;ir .Mr. Stephenson,
of Ackl.'ind, Vurkshir.', lH)U;:!it his hrst e.iw of the
PrinccsH tribe fr^ni the Aishiluo family, of Aishihif,
in nurhntii.

Th<» nuinliers r<fer to the Herd Book in which tlie
bulls are ri'cordt'*].

I We ari- ind. hted to Mr. (\ M. Saxton, the enter-
prisiii;: a^-ri.'id'ur il bonk pu})lisher, fur the hue cut
of the Marl of Seahuiu.]

No. 1 IS the entrance vestibule, with inn. r d .,.ra
Mnittin- It .mt fmni tho luill. No. 2. The vestibule
IS tuvhe foet s<{uare: the hall eleven feet wid.- by

t'Avnry div- in l^n^^t},. This hall is li;:hi..,i 1,,- a lai- «
window !n,,kin- nMTth, and coninninirafrs "thr,.u-h
r.n oprnin- also shut off bv double dnni-^. with th.)
Ntairea^. liall and vestibule' No. 7. Thr main hall
Would, from ,1... H;,ture of its light, bean aj.pr.^piiate
place for thr han^^'ing of pictures, and w. uM hr al-o
—as itslmuld be— at all tini-^ a eoni and a-reeablc
apartunrit. "

_ Ininir<liarrly nn ontrrin- thr hall is a door h'adin-
into the library, a lai-o and . le-rrful ronni. twenty"
SIX f.'et by sixteen, on ,,,10 >ide nf whieh is a hay
window, and at the end a st..ne hn>-pronf (dosef re-
.'cssed and andied ovrhead. ( .\o. d. i in whieh books
f»lato, or valuable paj.-rs eould ^af-lv Im- >torrd. Tho
drawin-; room, \o. 5, is t-ntered from th-' main hall,
and also from the vestibuh-. It i> tvv.nrv >ix f.-tYy
ab(,ut twenty in the .d.-ar, and its on.-' sid,. i^, \i
m.-ans of hir-.' windows, made so as to !>.■ ."luire-ly
open.-d to thr omhra. Connect. 'd with th.- drawin^--
1 • c \ri 1 ' ». ;. } ir o , ,. . j room is a small bwud^ar or ladies' mtm Indn" rC^

bcr, IS from ^\ heeler s_- hnnd llomcsr puldished by | first story of th. r..w,.r. and is thirf.-.n i;'!'; 'pnlre!-

THi: II<)>Ii:sTKAI).

i ^KE fKoNTIsriECE.J

The beaut i fid frontispiece prejionted in this nnm-

C. Scribner, uf New York, and may be taktMi as a i '^''»'* boudoir, drawin_'-room. and hr^rarv -iii or»on on

to nie omt.ra. a lar;;e and a-r.-ahh^ ^hade room, the
natural artistic dr\ .i .pm.'nt -f t!i.' pr--r.'>s fr.ri'i the'

specimen of the various elegant designs presented in
that vcdume. Although at hrst si;^dit the desi.rn niav
strike the read»'r as ]>artakini^ to(j miudi of the an-
cient btyle, to become an American Hnniestend, vrt
a careful examination of the details will rmi-ve this
objection.

The plan of the principal floor is thus dldposed :

ancient " -^tnup." Thl-^ i> a d.'!i_ditful place for sit-
ting; in, and a.s an easily ohtainrd addition to a i^uito
of rooms, cannot be too 8tron;,dy advocated a-^ a fu-
ture in American domestic architecture, it c.iiM
be enclosed with glass in the winter, and artificially
warm.'d . ilnis used as an enlargement of the draw-
iug-room, or as a conservatory.

Tic dining-rOi'Ui, \o. 8, is a largo ro^^m. twenty-
four b^ t-evcnteen in the clear, exclusive of tlie pro-
jecting western window. Communicating with this
is a waiters'-pantry, No. 9, furnished with glass and
china closets, and opeaing into a veetibule, Xo. 10,

50

THE lIOMI'.STfvM).

M

AV

1<^? 1

rr)MMrNirATro\s.

in which aro stairways, leading to the kitchon helnw,
and to the floor above, and also a door into tliu m-Ain

I have in this design assumed that tlicliuul so falls
away on the northern side as to yvrnui the kiti-hcns
to be in a basement below, hence tlie arraug<'iii(«nt()f
the domestic offices is not shown ; but if mure desi-
rable, they could easily be extended in a wiii<^juttin<^
out towards the north, and made to coniiiiunicato
with the pantry as at present shown. The spot upon
which this design was studied liad the ground so
falling away, and induced the arrant!;(Mneut 1 have

given.

'I'Ih' rli;im!)er plan gives ample aceonmiodation for
a lar-e lamily, and with ti due regard to rooms for
<''uei<ts. It is thus arranged :

The staircase leada to a landing on which isadixir
into chamlxT No. I, uvcr the Itmidoir, wtihh, not be-
ing so high as the drawing-room, etc., is cntcrL'durKm
a (lillVrent level aljove, to tliat of the floor over tho
main portion of tise hous(>. Alnive tliia \{t another
room of similar size, and tlien a spae(^ in whichisa
stairway leading to th(> observatory ur uj.per btoryof f
the tower. ^ ''

Continuing up tlie main entrance, thn vestibule
shown upon the plan is reached ; this is nine feet bj
nineteen. A door in this leads to a large sleeping-
room, No. 2, the same size as the dining-room below,
and to whicli is a dressing-ro(»m, not shown upon the
plan, but occupying the place designated by .\u. 3.

This room (No. o), containing a bathing appiratun,
etc., is on a level with a landing on the servants'

■( h

staircase, and is rnt.T. ,1 l.y d-'scending a f«^w steps
from the spacious iutll <tr corridor over the hall be-
low. As this room need not be more tlian eight feet
high, a dressing-room might ])o eontriviMl ovor it
from the chamber last sp.>kon (.f, a st' p or two being
made between the lloors. No. 4 and No. 5, arc cham-
bers over the drawing-room, each of amjUe size and
well provided \Nith roomy closets.

No. 6 is over the entrance vcstiltulc, and the r*'-
cessed closet below is thrown into the ronm, thcrc!>y
making it a very convenient pba[>c {.r a !•(■ I. No. 7,
is a room the full extent of the spacious library be-
low, and over the bay-window, a balc<'ny i^ o])taine<l
entered from French windows. Nos. X and '.) are
closets.

Above thiB the roofs would permit cool, well-vcnti
latod, and large sleeping-rooms for servant^, and it
will at once be Been that the provision for the repose
of guests 18 as hospitably ample as would pr< bablv
be needed.

TRUMeii OF Amerkan Skii i..~Mr. W. 11 ' »"
proprietor of (Voasdalc's Seed JJrill and I'r. ii'^*'
Sower, has presented us with a pair of India i^^^^'
ber Pocket Combs, which are not only beautiful i3
point of finish, but give promise of great dura! ; '.^
So closely do tln^y resemble the butfalo horn, thii
{ho most praetisod (^yc would scareidy detect the «'''
fcrcncc. For this no\( 1 apfdication (d' India b^bkr.
we are ind(d»t<Ml t.. Mr. Charles (ioodyear. whose difr
eoveries of the various uses to which this gum ni»J
be applied, hav(^ not only conferred a<iditiona! In?
upon American ingenuity, and immense bcii'tit."* ^T
on tb'^ eonununity at lar;j;e ; liut have ser\cd to
ward him ric hly f »r hi> labors. 'I'he uses to vl>'^'
the prepared gum is now succcptiblc of upphcati^
are said to bo almost infinite.

M

Ctoinniuuiiationij.

^Vli\ farmer *• ^I." lo^t his (Ows,

Mk. FnnoR: — S. iine thr.--' yar< hiie--', in pasginc

sion to hi^ n- i_::hbMr. a!fle.i,..h he did w.dl. 'J'he oc-

^ , , , ^^■'''"" ^^"^^'^ susc. ptib!,. ,.r stHl tunh. r improvement

For t'-.r* l.irtu Journal. i , ,., , .. • c i i , ,

I ,Hs Cous. -^ puiLiou.d !M,.t d,..d COWS carcass might have

been turned h< rain i
furni^lnn'.!- a ir-^

accMunt. in-ti-ad

<!'.'^' aii'

!)■ I--] V

crowa,

a neighbor 8 liirin, a m -t nn^-t /eM-.-ne- stfo, li ^a- i • ■

. ^-1*1 , , ■ antl poiS(jning tin,' surroun !iii ■ i 'jn. -. i , ,-.. vii

luted mv nostrils. A -lance ^.•r\,d t^. .•.x.dam the ^ m- r i • "riiHi.in^ ,i,ni. ^jIp,. .\1!

cause. 'My ucighb.r's cow had died, a. 1 supposed, I ' ' ""'"^ ""'"'''' ^'''''' ''^'^^ ^^'^'"'^'' -''stances
from hovm: and. a. is usuallv the ..xso, the earea-. ' ^'7;'"' '.;';"' ''"''''' '"rtilizing prop..,fe.. :han ^ eg-
had been dra::::-d r^. a distant part .d' th. farm to b- ''' "", , 'I "'!'" * ' ^^"'""' '"^^'""-^ ^^ irnn,..diate.
dovoup.d l>v th- d... and cn.w.. and till th. atn.o.- , ' "' ."""'^'^ "^^^ '^^^'^^ '^'"-^'^^ '-^M'^'i'v it^-df,

phere with its unh.althvodor. Nei^.hb.r M b.in.^ '"'^/"'I'^^^l^^'';- pnn,-,|de to oth. r , .-ganie subMances

,. , , ' 1 1 n • '~ ' "^ '^^"'' ^^'"•■h it IS mixed. The ;,! 1 ,,M<<r«.v,,.s frrfil

one et those who regarde<l all imjirovemmts uix.n ■ • • i | . . ss, ^ nrtii-

tl,.M,l.l .VK„.,M „nUn,M,„. as .l„w„rl;,f„, ,la,....ro„. T'f ',"'"'"" ",',"" '"'""' ''"-"■""■ '^^"' -^'"- ^"''^^

i,u,„v„„ ■„-. I th..u.l,. ,M. «-„„l,| 1„. a fine „,;„r,u- ' , "T r ','"''" '" '""" ' " '■""'""■''

•. .• • • I- CI- 1 . ^'^ l'^'""f'^''h' u->e. luid at less .■xprii-' and tr-ubh' fb-in

nitv.l c )nvincinu' him (d ins error, an<I accordin^dv ' i • i ' anin.uM, tiiaii

n 1 1- I I 1- 1 4,. '"" ■ 'Irag^Miii: the carcass to smdi a diM mo- Ml tlnf

called iitM.ii jiim a> I passed ins iiouse. After a lit- '

*i ' t ■ I • . , . ' '^^'^■'^ ie'c.-vs;irv was to cover it viif]i,-ii'nrl v to i,-,.\..,,f

tlegen.-ial cMrfv-rsatinn, I mtrodu.-od the subject >■( ,, ,' , , ., • ^"1"'^'"^

fl. . I , < .1 • • 1 ,. , , tho esrape .,1 tfe- \.datil.' iriatt-T whoii d.Tiv ,-,an-

tiie d.ad cow, bv ereiuirinii: tiie eauve of leT .b-Mfl, . i , , , " i , a\ ,,an

mene.MJ. and the re.suit wrndd hare I n a tine nii<s

ofritdi r. i-tili/in:r .'-m|n,.t. \\l:i,di w.uiM have v.^w-d
to replace, in ^umc degree, iho iobo of Uie animai —
Kn.!

tlie d. ad C"W, by crniuiring tiie cau<e of ier d-ath
and tiie mode <.!' tr.:?f ni»'iit [.ur-ued for ii.r r.' "nvrx .
^- ' infM-ioaf.'d, -lie liad indul-.-d to., fVcdv in tho
U8e ol rank ymnig ( !.,v,'r, and that tie- old and cruel
remedy of J!tabl)ii,.; had bren tried to r.dicve li.r;
witii what success tie- j utndyiii:: <-arra-< in l!ie dis-
Unt fence corner t.M, plainly tnhl. Pp,,„ :,-kiii-
wiiether no other remedies had b.-. n tre I. he assured
me he Art^-jT of none. I t!e n m ritioned to li'nr. t!ie
efficacy of tlie tarred-stnnr A,//,,/, rer-rnng to >rv.Tal
cases, iu every ou,. Mf wiiirh it liad provn smvt-s.s-
^y^l This had t!i.. d.-ired .dbrt. lb. in, nn'd iate] y

For Xhr f\ir'n J,.ijriiai.
C'iil(i\ atioii (it I.orusl Irits.

^^'' i'l ri o: riioeuhivation of the locust is be-
coming a nj.Lt!< r . niitbd to ,-,tpmi. consideratiMn, n^
our woi.dhind is rayddlv disappeann-. and wirl, \\ •.,['
cour.s.-. -or ma'rrial l-r fmcing. 'I\. kr,.|, ,,,n- lanns
properly rn,d,,.,.d, as overy farm sh-nld b.-. h -u-^t

1 ■"'•' ".' post> aro \erv i^x-ntial. 'Vn omvid-' a-ain-t i , . n

became anxwu. to k all al„„u ,I„. m,.,l„„i of I li,,,,.,,,.. . l,i, I,. In a r.u „ ar u iM ,,.,;, U ,-..:

'■ainctmift informing him ihu I I,,, I l,..,r„,.,i ,i,;„ i , " '--'■' "ii^

■mpl., but almost cvrtau, ,,„■,., („.,„ a ...,r,r „l,i,l, ,|„- ,,:,,,.,::,„> ,r.e.
P.Il,, :, t;:\ T"\ '•.•■"•■;"'I" --'" •^^-■-l.-al l -n,,. l,,,,.. :- ,,„. ,lim,.„h ,„ p,.„,,a,a.,.. M|„.r. a

aim,., h.,li,., ,: 1: J^:'':^:^' ""^ ^:^^ n,,, „.,.„..„:,„

ra,n, - rU..\Z T 7' ' "'' '""' '" "■"''■■- ' " ■" ^' ^" ' ^'^ ^'■■'- " ^-".na,... .,.v ,. . ,l,lv ;

finoc„« lun,.,„„ v..,„l,.ri. „.,, ,1„. lir.st I havo lost.
l^a.st f,„„,„..r 1 lost t«,, ,,!l„ ,.. «„h Ih.. . aia.. .liseaso;
and nil ! ,Mh, «antofih:„kn,uvl,.,|;:,M^I,i,!, I ,„i^.l,t

wliich i~ u-uair> ^aiji I.. IVuit tn.-v, j,, ; i,r,;i: ^mrs
til. V will 1,.; largo enou^li to Ir.iii^plin! r.. iho rnad-
sido i'T along the division fences. Cari; aliould, bow-

ly- Wol.uM ^^.''" ""'';""' "'^•"''"^"■■■'■•"■'.-ar- ,.v..r, U. lakrn nnt to .., tb, m „uf (on)..., proporly

irom tile att.i. ks < l .attle.

By commencing \Mt!i 'he scr 1 tlii>j spring and sow-
ing a small (jo mtity every succeeding spring, in tlio
course of twenty or thirty yearn, ji sufKeient supply

will be had to fence any reasonal)ly large farm.

Twenty or tlilrty ye.ars ,ii ly m m a l-nij; t-fne to wait
So it is; but wiien iL i.s r<ne rnln :■■ d lh.it ;i' tint.
time locust posts wll? rot be obtained as readily us
now, the objections to taking time by the forelock
and preparing a locust nursery at once, will he rc^
moved.

A difference of opinion exists in relation to tho

;"''';"^""""^'"-'-'^'"-d'^nMhe,.rror.nto whi, h I
»'ave f^Uh.n 1-3 ukin.., l..,,, .,,„ .v.n, nbera! pa-

P'"''. in this mood of mini [ I r, i r n

i. , . , ^^ \fi oioci I |( If hio). iiilly satis-

<-J«.thtbcsucocs,s..|,:,v,:,.an,| M.ianowareg-

'lar .ubHoribor to several Agricultural ,,..rio,li,-aIs :

a-ul I a,„ happy to say has b.H no cow. m„. ,• ,hat

luiic, [mux h(iv..n re

""^' M. If you conceive this .siuiple statc-

IIKt.t Worth l,r.-..nf,n - t , • .

srrvi'c • . """o '■' y-ur readers, it is at your

'^'« ; and if it Hliuuld appi^ar, and neighbor M
chance to sot* It i i i ..

n. A c r ' 'P^ ^'^^ ''■ = " pardon the use I have
n»ado of the incident ALB

Franklin county, April 8, 1852.

A «^er ^1 lOur M A '^ ' ' *^'J— A Ginerence oi opinion exists in relation to tho

to- See that jour implements are in good orae*. g i correspondent did not entirely fulfil his mis- ' durability of the various kinds of locust. That

M

I

I Hjl(ilHli|imffrrttiiw[ii

52

COMMTTNICATTONS.

M

■U

along the river bottoms has always been considered
the best ; but from close observation, I am led to be-
lieve that our yellow locust will last (Mjually ;is long,
even if grown upon a poor soil, und the sooner it is
used after it attains a size sufficiently large for posts,
the longer it will remain under ground without rot-
tin"^ L. S. Keist.
Jjoaist Grove Farm, Lancaster co., Pa.

[Our correspondent's suggestions are wortliy jit-

cultivated to a considerable extent. My mode of
raising this valuable cereal is, to take a clover ley of
onu or two year's standini:;, haul all the bam yard
manure, (loi\g and «hort) I intend applying, on to the
ground during th(,' winter and spring, ami brt'ak un
the Hod as early in Mar(;h as th(i season will permit
The plowing is done as deep as a good team of horse.^
and the condition of the ground ^^ill admit. The
ground is then markeil out four feet each way, and
tention, though we do not agree with hlni in n-ard j ^1"' ^''^'''^ planted from the Uith t-.. the l.'ith nf May.-~
to planting locust trees alon- division fences. If j My seed corn is prepared as follows : It is fn-t . ,.i^^|

proper allowance is madt' ior the dimunition of
crops in the vicinity ol" the trees, the pr()j)ricty of se-
lecting some other ])la(;e will Ixm^ouk; apparent.

The Acacia or I^ueust tree combines, in an eminent
degree, the uscd'ul wiili the Ijeantil'iil. It is admira-
bly adapted to orn;iuienlal ]tui'p< >ses, as well on ac-
count oltlic rapidity of its growth, as of its light and
pleasing fjliage, aiel gi-aclul aj>pearanee, where
proper attention is given it. Frem h writers highly
extol the properties of this tree, and assert that its
shade encourages the growth of grass. We do not
know this to be the case. If it is, the ul)jection to
planting them along the division fences of the farm
would be renioveil. At all events, there are many
spots on every farm which might be prufitai)Iy devo-
ted to the cultivation of the locust.

in a strong solution of Halt-])etre fnr twenty-four
hours. A mixture of equal parts of tar ;uid wattr ii
then heated and poured over the soaked »^.rn. >'ir-
ring the whole until every grain is well coat'-l with
the tar. Plaster is tln.'U added, and th(,> stirring con-
tinued until the grains separate easily. I'ruui four
to six grains are put in each hill; and as soon a'"
fairly up, we put on plaster at the rate of a small
handful to each hill. We then go through it wiili
the harrow and cultivator alternately, five or sixtiiii'^,
thus effectually keeping down thp rrT?t<=i9. and weedv
which ar«; apt to become troublesouie if not attendid
to in time.

Th(^ average of my crop is about lifty bushtlM
the aer»> : someof my neighbor's fields producingfrom
sixty to (MghtybusheN. 1 -u],mit hei- with a -tatemont

We would hero remark that the great diffieulty in i <d' the cost and profit ])er acre of cultivating cum

in

propagating the Acacia, )>y young trees fV(tm the
nursery, arises from the want of care in transplanting.
The long cylindrical roots which it tlirows out abun-
dantly should )je injured as little ;is piKslltle. and as
much care should ]>e manifested a^ in the transplant-
ing of fruit trees.

The Acacia is also very subject to the attacks of
l)orers of theClytu^ hiniily. II' t^xamined in the month
of September, tho trunks of the trees will be f)und
to abound in them, and the females busily entra'^-ed
in dcpositir.j; their Miow-w hite eggs in the crevices.
The eg'js are :>pe<Mrily hatched, and the grubs burrow
into the bark, where they feed until tin; aj>]»roach of
\N:nter, when they become torjiid, remaining so till
spring, at wduch time they bore through the sap
wood into the trunk. For a more complete description
of this destructive insect,with illustrations of its rav-
ages, and methods of destroying it, see pages 05 — CO,
vol. 1 of the Farm Journal. — Kn.j

For the F;irin Jouinal.
Cul(i\ation of Indian Corn.

Mr. Editor: — The Farm Journal has made its ap-
pearance amongst us, and the favorable impression it
has already made, may be regarded as a guarantee
not only of its future usefulness, but of its more (Ex-
tensive and general circulation with our people. In
accordance with the request so frequently made by
you, I herewith transmit a brief account of what W(>

are doing in this neighborhood.
One of our principal crops ie Indian corn, which is mure to be deprecated than that gi turning in green

this vicinity, estimating fifty bushels as the avorago
yield.

Interest on land, at fifty dollars per acre, |3,l^)

Maiuire hauling and spreading, 2,0<)

Breaking sod, l,aO

Harrowing, 50

Marking out and |)lanting seed, !*0

Aftt;r culture, 1.25

Husking and hauling to market, 2,t^

The whole cost of producing 50 bushels is ehjvon
d<dlars and five cents, or twenty-two cents per liushel.
We get forty cents per bushel f)rit veryreadilv, !■ »*■
ing a balance of nine dollars, clear profit, ptT ;i<'re.

A. S. (iKl,E>.

Yellow springs, Blair co., Pa.

] -52 ]

COAfMTAM^WTfOX.q,

53

For the Ffirm Journal
Plowin«r In Hreen Crops.

In the address of Jam(\s (Jowen, Ksq., delivered
before the Lancaster County Airricultural S()ciotj, 1
find a sweej/mg cond(>nination of the jaactice ol
plowing in green crops for the purpotic of iuiproTing
the soil.

Notwithstanding the very respectable authority,^
beg leave to examine the jiositions taken in the fol-
lowing extract.

" There is anotlier remark, however it nmy confli*-''
with preconceiv<'d opinion or established usage,*
sense of duty com|>els mo to nnike ; ami that is, ot
all the time-wasting', 1 md-cheatin;^ ) r Kjtices, none i^

crops as a sueo.hmeum f ,r manure, h. ^^hatever i the journal will consider this matter; and that some
nlace this 1- piacticed. howe\cr ^trong the land niav ,,,.,. .i • • , , ^* > i*"u wiai some

ieattlc'Mart. the.v><ten,, ifp..rs,.v,.re,l in. n.ust in '' .'^ve u. their views and lessons from their own
ovitahly brin- the land, its uwners and the country '-'^^I'^'i'i^^t.'e on this subject.

ovitattly - ^ , ^ ^^^.,..j

into P state ol poverty. No good hu>handinan would
think of pursuing surh a course. Think ot' the time
lost in preparing the grouinl fir a '-rop. seiMJinc it,
and instead of allowin;^ it to mature, to he gathered
to the barn, pjouirhiiig it under, to serve as manure
to the land on wliieh it w as raised ! Manure, inileed!
To call the acidulated water, wdiich the dre(,nipo«^i.

I*>. La PORTE.
Asy'inn, Ilrwlj'jrd CO., Pa., Marchlb, 1^52.

For the Farm Journal.
Mn\v^ \<, Iforves.

" - , , -,-' , -, - ^^'^' ^^>'T0R:-I ^va. nnnh pha..,! tr. observe in

tion of partly -ro^^n clov.-r, buckwheat, .Vc prod.n-e. a f-nn^T nun.h.r of ,1„. r,,,,, .],,,,,..,] .^ , ,pv .,>n.;vr.
ma:in)-.- Would he a misnomer — the callin" of a. tliiinr .._.-, • , • , '" - u i.i.j

ma:inr.- U(.uld he a misnomer — the ca iii'- ot a t ini" ..rt; .1 . ;„ .. i r . .i . • —

II »> " 1 iv iiuii^ -i^'i' le m r.latioii to the more ""onf^r'.l u^.. r.n . i

bv III'' \\ ri'U'^ nanu'. ^^oic ^(.m rai u^e ,.t the mule

\ ^ \ , c -r 1 •, ,, fT farming purposes. The rea<,.nin- .f your cnrres

In the eonntry remote from citu's and considerable '„„,, p. 1. 1 •,_,.._ ^ . - '' or . nrn s-

•1, ,1 r It-, pomn nt m relation to the econoiuy uf the u-e .,f

ullages tlie farmer can only obtain such manure as „,„],...,. ,,-.11 •, rti... i c. ' • u. .. oi
• 1 1- 1 1 •.. .1 . j "'"'' -"^"^ ^^' 11. i>"f the niodrot treatment. N I think

can he raised on his own land, with the exception of' ,.,„, .in.iv.. •.,. 1 i i ? i • .

11 .1 , ,, ' o)h iUM\e, ami slKaiM lia\ e ^Teat w-i dit wi-Ii tl,

siieli asMlo not helong to t le stab 0 or barnvard — for ,..1 i • • , • >i> ^> i-nr \m,!, n,,,.,.

• , r V y^Tuyxra ''^r n, p,, ;uv hesitating ab.ut introducing them uin-u their

mstaiice, <.ypsum. 1" armcrs near cities should not f.,,M.w ^ ^ uinur

I i ill 1 1 lr> •

forget this fact, and write as though exhau.-tle.vs J I-,, ;„,r r r .. , i .•

r •,• , . I ■'^'^^'"^ '"^ -^ "'i"»''"r "t vears Us,. d muh>> almost

.juantities ui manure w erewithm the reach of every ' rvelnslv,.] v f r ,1 ,*

• •.v*lusix,i\ tor the ::..,M.raI purpos... of niv farm. 1

taruer.
in view of this, 1 contend that the practice of turn

ciieerfully add my t.-tim^ny to that of Mr. Mumnm'<,
in their fivor. I am n .^rv w.-!I aware f},;,r it ulllhea

mg m gr^^en crops, cspecialy clover, should be en- ,i,tn..„it „, a" r r , s-ri fV ,i i •

1 , • , , , Hill. ui> nnivi. I to sati.sty Me' I, measr-r » ..tint v f.ir-

. , a crop of c]o^..r, nearly approaching maturity, be I to the usJ and mJ,- ofhi'fi,
} T'lowed into the laml. and it must rr^iilt \^^ r,,- ,„..,.,.' i- i , /. . .

, ,.,..,, •, '• -^ ...-.u.i.^>, or touieusean<l ,M.^lr oihj.fir.P. M.-k r kin - st,,ut-

P.wedm^thehui ,anditmustre.nlt in f .r more I H,,,,,, Conestoga horse; that the more delicit I
boneht to the SOi . than If pnii ,1 r o-ofh..^...l o^.l r...i /« ^ ,....' u^ncauijf

benefit to the soil, than it could if gathered and fed
to cattle, sustaining them by the formation (,f bone,
muscle and fat, and, after unav.idahle wa^^• from
he-inning i,, end, the manure carted back again to

iarii

but .Mr. Gowen ridicules the idea of calling tin
;reon crop manure.

formed mule is at all adapted to his purposes. But the
day will come when this prejudice will bo removed
and mules appreciated as they should be. h. j.,

'^"^ ^> 'L niatNT of no brrh. .Mirpri^r. that in rhi> age

of improvem-ait. our int-'lli-, nt firm-r- >hould so
long ha\e overlooked tin ;r m. rits.

Mr. M. bavin- alre.eiv adverted r,, th.' a-!-, anta-es

\Y )\ •( ■ . ,. ••"_....■ .io^> .i.i>riieo ', ni*. a-;-, an:a;:es

owdoeauehvc a,0 nufn, .,„.,. f,..,i .„, i,, .i,,,,. i,,..:, 1 .^f horse, I fed .„no 1....... I,:^..:!:

■n a srocn state or .Iri,-,!, bo.ldes furnLsl.i,,. vaUiall. t. th. M.'.iort : UM n^ it N ,.„. i„ wl,;,"!, I f. , ] l„;„°

manure?

'" '•''■• ••"""try, rm some (if our liKlit lan.Is. jr< har,

CStCii. and ill wliicli v.iiir r.-a.!. r^ >li.,iil.l nl-. iV.-l
iiit.rr-tr.l, I |]..|„. tli-y will parlnii mo T.r a-aiu

t" '""*c- „ ...„7, an.l we ,Io it l.y the use of dovor an.l l.ri.Hv ,,r.-,;„^, i, u,„„i"th,ir atl-iitim,

" t « h, ,1 now, l,ni,. ,nore than two husheh. [ „„, „„, ,„o laniior, wh., .ilMltm,. ,„„,,., ,;„ ,„„. .,
wh.; t or f ; ;';:• r' •■^•■'^-■;/-"^ •'-'"■■^ "•■ ->l .no i„ ,h.. .ir. ,,laoe a, >,.aH oue-hair ,h,. expense

m..ans of making' a mnn.iro ho:,,, whioh we ,io nut
neKloctto,h-awo,„a,Oa,,|,lv,whilo tho.o who fol-

only eighty cents per bushel and corn fbrty. In the

second place, the att. riti^.n r^'owisir,. per the mui." i>

Wl' with !":'!' 'r '""■"■•'I'' '"f ^•""" '■' f'-' <l-- '•- '■- •l.ai, ,ha, ,i h.i Ky ,l,o h„r... livii,. 1

any ,hii„l , ' ""'" '""' "'-"-'^•- ''-'!""« -^'' "-„M „,. ,,.. ,„„!., m 1 ,„ .,,, ,|.at tho oar,."„M,ah'y

i^e«kthoL,;i '".'"""".'"■■ '"'^'I'-an.! aro ,va,ly ,o ,;,ko,i „r iho fornior i. uliat it sl.ould be. Th-ir

^e«k,hefer„l,.,,,.,i,,... >,(-.,„. „,.■,;„,„,„ ,„ ^^.^^,„,^

ho same exhaw.ting proce.., ui a .oU ahie to bear
It longer.

superior hardiness and powers of ' n durance, arc
frequently made the excuse for cruel and harbarou.s
trcatm. lit. L.f the mule be as well cared for jus his

I rcT. t til M i' trcatm.iit. ivf t!ie mule be as well cared for jus hi-.

weight^f > i.ii ■ ,.'""'' "^"'''^'^ ^"''■' ^'^'^^ t^^'^^^ants r,.piire. ,ul y..u have ^rill a lea^v hahne . .n

writer a-ainst'"''' '''*''"'•' ''' *'" agricultnri'^t and ^ hi^ f iv,.r over the horse. Thirliv, th.. nnile ha^ the

country t'speciabv!"")"" T ^""' ^'^''^^'Min a new advantage in longevity-only reaching his pnme

linstead of UeedilvVV-" """'"^ '" ^'■''" '"^P"' ""''''" *'''^ ^^^''^ hccoim^s more than useless from old

hr most un.ucces.f i"r "'''^^^^'"^ ^'^ '^'' ^^"'^' ^' ''^'- fourthly, the superior hardness, healthiness of

Idoing. ^ ^ f'lrmers here are constantly the mule, and his almost total exemption from disease,

is another strong argument in his favor.
Now, summing up all theee various items, does it

1 bope that the farmers of Pennsylvania who read

TIGHT BINDING TEXT CUT OFF

C4

COMMUNICATIONS.

r^I^^ 1

not appear reasonable that the fiinwv may with
safety commence the work of refoniK by intro(hicin^
a mule or two upon his farm each year. If, as is
very probable, the li'!;litnoss of tho mule be ui-^^.m! us
an objection to him ; this can be very easily rcnuMlitMl.
Select the lar^^ost mares and jackH, ]>n'iMl iVom them,
and in the course of a few years the breed will Ix' so
much improved in size and weight as completely to
obviate this difficulty. K. litKiuiti^.

Philadelphia County.

m

For the Farm Journal.
Protect the Hirds.

Tlie dcstrut-tion of IVirds has become a very serious
evil and hiji;hly detriinontiil to the a;^riculturfil inter-
ests; deinaiKlingthe uttenticii (*!' those who desire the
ineroascd pn>s])erity of our eoimtry.

This is essentially an a-riciiltural country, a lar-;e
proportion of the p.,, pie are enga^^eil in tlie culture (.1
the soil, and as a conscM^uence, whatever tends to
Increase the products of the earth, or prevent their
liability to destruction, is of great importance to the

community.

Since the n^turn of H[.rin;j; a ^n^'.ii number efbir.ls
have come back to us from their winter (|uart»-rs m
more southern latitudes, rendering our le Ids and
woodlands cheerful with their melodies. Tiiis alone
should be sufficient protection for them against the
evil propensity man lia^ ti* destroy them.

'Whilst f(dlo\ving th(> }.lnw the past few weeks, I
have had an opportunity of \\ltne->'in,ii; nf ^^hat -reat
benefit they are to the lame r. A> 1 wa^ turnln- wy
the fresh earth, a flock of blackbirds and crews w. n
busily engaged in picking up the grubs and other
worms, which are ever r^ ady to destroy the crop of
corn, as soon as it be-ins to irerminate. 1 am ^uit''
confident that these birds havt^ done mor(> g<.od liy
destroyin,i; the enemi<>s that prey on the young corn,
thanthev will. lo harm by coating it thiMuselves. But it
is not only the corn crop they benefit: tliero are
maTiv diff(>rent species of hirds re(iuiring as many
ditferent kinds nf food, and having different liabits of
life, each in turn serving the best interest of man.

Some resort to the garden in srnrch of the insects
that feed on the tender vines ; smih,^ are engaged in
the orchard dislodging from the trunks and branches
of the trees, the lurking insect, or destroyin;:; tlu^
caterpilhird thai fee 1 on the leavs; and am.^nij; them
all, if wo were to acquaint ourselves with tleir habits
and manner of bvin'i. how few wo would lind that
are a real injury to the farmer. l>ut liow are they
regarded by a majority of the farmers? If a black-
bird chances to }iull a few stalks of corn, all hi< former
eerviccs are forgotten and, he is regarded only as a
thief, and not unfrequently exj.iates tht> crime hy a
forfeiture of his life. Should an unfortunate wood-
pecker or robin alight on a fruit tree, and pluck a
berry or two; notwithstanding he may have done much
"by his labors to arrest the ravages of insects, that

nTodit in proce-s of time, not ..nly have destroyed the
fruit, )»ut the tree also ; lie is considered an intruder,
and the farmer in liis ignorance drives him from his
premises, it is altogether wron;j:. A little obsorva*
tion and reflection wouhl soon convincr' him tliat he
is doing iiimstdi" an injury, and that ht; liad much
better take such measures as will prevent the depre-
«lati(tnsof hunters, who with their mui'de reus weapons
are fast destroying the means which the Creator, no
d( )ul )t, i ntendcd as a cheek on the increase of the insecl
tribes. AuKieoLA.

Ncic London, Chester County.

COMMCXKWTfOXSJ.

)}

I'.r lh»' r.iriu Jourjial. 'I'

Process of Dissolving Hones.

In reply to the inrjuiries of Mr. Shu}»art, of Vxthd,
Berks county, we ar(; enabled to present the folh.wiug
directions, furnished by our corresj)on<lent, S. 1>.:

For Ihe Furin J>>unia..

Oxford, April '>, 1852.
Mr. Koitor:— Tour correspondent at Bcthrl pro-
poses several ijucstions on the; ])roeess of disbulving
Munr., uuit it will give pleasure to answer; raoD'
especially if it will encourage th<^ mor(» general use ot
so valuai)le a f.-rtili/.er. 1st. lloir lon'j inll d taketr,
diss,>!rc bones in tluir wUural .slate, uniji"nndf It
would require so long a time that it would injurt
mat.rially, or destroy any vessel used for dissolving
them in, and would r^Mpiire too much acid; unles?
the Ix.nes were lirst Imrnt. The hurnin- rciideriui;
I them p.-rvious to li-iuids, they woiild div-'lve in >
I sh(.rt time. If well gronnd, from t» to b' .lays, i^
1 sut^cient to dissidvo them, il' not ground fine, it wiH
i re((uire a loniii'-r time. lUit it is a (picstiuutoU
' solve.l by nearness to facilities f.r <:rinding l^one?.
AVhether the lo^s hy burnini:,of the inorganic matter,
so rich in nitroL!;en, is compensated ior by the gaio
arising from the additional expense necessary tohavd
the bones ground. The burning of the bones I h^^*^
never tried, anil cannot dcNScribe the pnjcess— hut tbii
means of rendering them available has been higbl^
recommended.

In what kind of ve.<sel is the dissolving perf'rmol ^
Any wooden vessel will answer the purpose, I ^^
our common meat vessels, cleansing tie m wellhetorc
and after u.-e ; and after several years ^rrvicetheV '^^
not appear to bt; materially injured— the beues a"'
acid have generally remained in them two weeks, an^-
sometimes h>n^er. ^

nliat is the priee of 100 lljs. of svlydntric an<^f^;^
It can be obtained from Chapdl, Baltimore, for^:^,'^'

If

per hondivd pounds, by taking several carl K)yJ',
can be bought for about the sane-, from tlu" inanui;i'-
turer in IMiiladelphia,

S. p.

SFiAN(;nAi AND Cochin CuiNAFowLS.—Byrefercnoe
to the advertisenent of Mr. Hunt; those who do'ir*^
good, young fowls, from reliable stock and at f^i^
prices, will know where to procure them.

Fruit Crowing in Penn^N I\ aula.

Mi:. liniTOR : — .\otwith«taieii!ig the excellency of
the quality, and the extent of tlie supply of agricul-
tural productions of the firm- of Pennsylvania, there
are certain articdes f^r which mut nietrup' Tk is I;irg(dy
dopendent upon other States, and with wlii.-h tli^
larj2;e cities of otlnr Stat-s ;:n> mnre amply ^upplit^d.
In addition to these facts, the consump-tion of these
articles in !'liilad''lphia is a large source of revenue
to the produi rs of other States ; all of whiidi articles
the State of Pennsylvania is abundantly competent
to produce. The productions referred to are fruit,
:iii 1 ;ip].]cs(>specially. The time was, wdien the city (d'
i'hila'f Iphia was abundantly su]>plied with apples
p^ri'.vn in its vicinity — these fruit orchards which nour-
ished for generations in the virgin soil, have liccdme
exhausted, and there has been a criminal ne^rlcct in
not supply in l; their places by subseciuent planting.—
The failure is a conseipK^nce of tlie exhaustion of
those particular elements in the soil congenial to tic
production of the apple, and we are now dependeni
upon otler States for a supply of that fruit. The
panic r-iiiark is true also with regard to tlie peach.
an(l so far a^ relates to the plum, the i'hiladcljthia
market is comparatively destitute. These fruits il
successfully grown within convenient access to the
IMiiladelphia market, cannot fiil to be a source o^
I'Tofit to the grower. The aj^ples of wrstern NCw
iork after being transpMrted lnindi-td ot" mihs (,\ ,-r
the canab, find a pruhtable market in I'iiilAdclphia
and London.

Now it does appear reasonable, that with the
extension nf our railroads through our wildernefls
country, ahoiindingas it does, in ail the richness of a
virgin soil, and one of the best a. hi]. ted in the world
to the -i-..wth of fruit; that the business of fruit grow-
ing; lu tho^c sections would be one of immense protit.
I'l'-'S'' lands can be purchased f»r a few dollars per
ii^rc. witjiin Convenient reach of tht^ Philadelphia
market. W c hav(> glowing accounts of the pndits of
the jdnni <ailture in the vicinity of tli« lluds n, and
thereeannot heareasonabledoiiht that thi> fruit would
thrive equally w. II in northern Pmn^ylvania. The
plum is a fruit wdl a.laptr.l for carria;:.' to market,
<?vtn '.\h.r.> tl,,» distance is eonsidprahle. Manv
varieties will remain sound and fre(^ from rot, a h-ng
time after h.-ing taken from the tree, and always
command a re;My 5ale in Phila h-|phia.

As to apples, those cultivated for our own or a f ^r-
^»?;n market should he of tlie huiu' k-Tpin- varieties;
"pecial regard boiim also had to tlie (pialiti.'s t>f size
and taste. Many of the apphs whi.di are now f^ind
in the Philadelphia, LancaMer and i)th.r market-^ ar^
^Pples in name and ap{.earance ; but as unlik.- them
m taste as can wdl |,e conceived. Insipid and taste-
less, no lover of that valuable fruit would for a
nioment encourage the cultivatiou of such varieties.

Th.M-e are vari-'ties whi(di not only ke.p v,c\\ ■ t,ut
preserve ih. ir tawto until nud-sunimLr. These .shuuld
bo ehi.'lly cultivated,

\Wth the c(»nipletionof the Sunhury aii'l V.\\<^ Kuil-

road, nearly the whole of the UMrth. m and v, . M.rn

counties (d' our State will have a thoroughfare to niar-

^^' t. Poo. it not therefore become a matter of serious

I importance to the farmers in those sections to give

I tli'-ir attonti-n to plantinL' orchard^ iiow .' Th'-y ^vill

lind a rrady market f.r all th^'v can raise; lor when

.till' <lemand f'-r our ovmi cuntrv is supplied, the

I markets of the ohl world are opvii to rrccive the sur-

I plus. AVe'^tern Xtnv York has already h.-en nourin-'-

} •in

large fpiantities of h-r sup.Tal-uiclance of fruit into
these ehannels. Why sle-uhl n .t P.nn^vlvania com-
pete with her, and thus ?idd to the wralth (d" our
State hy opt'ning a new branch of lurelgn cv'nim.rcf'.''

Chester count}/, April, P^oJ.

I

oM \

I'l T t!i»' Farm Jounml.
>\ h> Leave Penns\ 1> anki f

Mk. Kkitor : — \Vuuld it ni»t \^<- wr!I if (^.rresp, ,nd-
cnts for your di'Ui-nal c lald I •• had in rvrrv cunty
in the ( 'onin; 'iiw. iltli, vIk, w.uM taiihluli v dovrrihe
the agricultural conditi<jn oi their respective counties.
The importance of understanding thoroughly the re-
sources of our State becomes apparent when we look
at the tide of emigration tendiiiL! westward, and tic
eharact'-r ot th' i-^o \\ h' > > m; _'!-rit''. Manv of t h-ni are
our vry bo>t farne-rs — nion wii^'se lov>s ^\ .• ar.- litiie
ahle to su-^taiu at tlii- tine'; an 1 who. p- rhap-. it
proj.orlv inf-rniod of th^ ad\antag'> wjiich ]".rtiou.s
of our own State oft-r. w.^uld never think > t h';ivin<'
it. L:inoa-ter, Pork- and -tl-.r "I" our h'-t farnnd
and mo>t densely p.'pulatcd cuiiti. s, lia\e furnished,
and are still furni.>hin;j:, a largo projiorti' ii of these
emigrants. Many pans of tdiio, Indiana and Illi-
nois, as well as \ irginia and North ('aroliiui. attest
the skill and eiiterpri.-e of the Pennsylvania farmers
wdio have located within their border.s. It is as.'<erte<i,
hy those who havi' visitod thorn, that a setthnicnl (d
the hardy y-Mnianry of the Key-tuno State in the'
west, is readily di-tiii::uifthed from tieise of -rttler.s
from other States. Tiie neatness and stal ility of
their dwellings, outd>uildin::> and foncos — tho char-
acter of their stock, and the suh>tantial and C' infort-
able appearance of o\orv thiiiLT around thciu. all hear
te-tine'iiy in thoir hehalf ^V"ith tho«;c fact- h. f'>re
US, does it not become a matter of general State in-
terest, to <\\y nothing of State pride, to retain this
vabiahle portion of our p. 'pulauon ? I i iunk '^^ ; and
therefore invito ilic attention of your readers to the
indtieement-: \a liich a portion, at h ast, of < 'tiitr>> and
Huntingdon counties liolds out to such as may con-
template emigrating westward.

1m Pciin's valley. Centre countv. land f a- j \

quality as that of the famed valley of Pequea, in
Lancaster county, with improvements equally valua-

■tit^tai u J|ili •'A^ti^—A&

56

rOMMTTNirATTONS.

[M

AV,

1852.]

Tllf- STRAWin-RIiV

57

ble, can be purchased for one- third the amount. —
Why this great difference in price ? Perhaps you
will say the difference is caused by the greater mar-
ket facilities possessed by the Pequea fanner. So
far as wheat is concerned, the odds are evidently in
favor of the latter ; but in other respects they are
nearly equal. Our heavy iron works, and the fine
lumbering country in the vicinity, furnish us with an
excellent market for our other produce ; such as beef,
butter, eggs, &c. — a much better market indeed than
can be found in the sparsely settled sections of the
western States for these ytroducts.

Our suil is, in many respcu'ts, preferable to that of
Lancaster county for wheat, lait not so good for corn.
The average of the wheat ciop of our valley, for the
last two years, has been twenty-five bushels ; and of
corn, aT)out forty bushels to the acre. My own crop,
and that of several of my neighbors, exceeded this.
These are facts offered mainly with the hope of
drawing more general attention to this subject.

J. S. F.

Peini^s Valley y Centre co.. Pa.

For the Farm Journal.
Mineral food ior the youii^j: Iiidiiui Corn plant.

Mr. Editor: — It is generally atlmitted tliat if the
Indian Corn plant, gets a good start ; and a]ipears
green and healthy looking, upon its first shooting out
of the ground, and can maintain its vigorous ajipcar-
ance whilst young, that its critical period Is past.

In the last number, I endeavored to explain the
use of Phosphate of lime, and the other fertilizers,
that should be supplied to corn ground, that is defi-
cient in the mineral constituents. I will proceed to
examine the Ru])ject further, and endeavor to show
the manner in which this most important crop may
bo materially aided, in its early d'^vidopement, not-
witlistainlin;:; the |j;rouii(l in wliieh it is planted, may
be of the richest that usually occurs in Pennsylva-
nia.

There is constant dan_!::;er attending the raising of
tlic larger kinds of Indian Corn, incident to late
Springs and early Falls, and nineh sidvantage is to
be derived from any treatment whieh has a tendency
to bring: the plant to maturity, in the shortest possi-
ble apace of time.

When nature undertakes the task of procreation,
it provides a store of all the essentials for the early
wants of the embryo. F>ut nature go(»s no fai-tluT,
and no surplus is ever found. So in the grain of
corn, we find all that is necessary to develo])c the
plant, and to furnish it with two leaves and a ro.»t,
and thus supplied with the means of procuring its
own Fiving, leaves it to its new resources.

season is adapted to their several wants. iJut this
is not the case with the artifiei;il ]»roduction of Indi-
an Corn, and therefjre we must use our endeavors to
aid nature by artificially supplying the plant with its
necessary food, so tlnit no time be lost, and that it be
not retarded by cold or hunger.

Let us take the Indian Corn ]»lant, just at the pe-
riod, when its st0(;k of supplies from the grain is ex-
hausted, and we find it possessed <»f two h-aves and
a root. Up to this time the ])h(>nonienon of grewth
consists in absi)rption of water, and n(;\v chemical
arrangements of the elements originally stort (1 away
in the grain. The young plant is now prepared to
assimilate food, either from the atmosphere r,r th'^
earth. This process is very"often retarded by theculd
nature of the ground, usually a good conductor, and
the scanty supply of mineral. In our bestsoil<, this
latter is in such small proportions, that althuu-h am-
pie after the roots are better develofied, yet vrrv in-
suflieient for a speedy growth whilst the ruuts arc
small and few.

}^. ♦^h'^refore, by artificial meanFi, we can supply
immediately to the roots, heat and a small (piantiiy
of sueh matter as is then required, we will ai 1 the
]dant in its time of need, and when further (l.vil'pe-
ment has taken [dace it will take eare of itself.

AN'heat bran contains in ahundance all the constit-
uents that th«» corn plant at that, or any other stage
of its growth, derives from the soil. By the applica-
tion of i of a pint of bran to the hill, and jilacing
the S(hh1 in it,an<l then covering the whole with earth,
we will ]dace within reach of the roots of the young
corn all that for the time being is required.

The bran as soon as it has become wet, will enter
into decay (eremacausis) and carbonic acid will be
formed and set free. Heat will be evolved. The free
carbonic acid will aid in disst)lving the mineral \\\•^^-'
ter, and it will be taken up by the roots of thephmt.
The root will soon extend over a larger surface w. \
will be adequate to continue the supply without thi^
artificial aid.

Five bushels of bran bj/ double moasnre, will be
sufficient per acre, and the i^armer will, if liis land is
in good order otherwise, bo generously repaid in the
harvest time of his corn.

This is ])ut one of the many substances tlia*. i
might mention, and suggest to be used for thi-^ pii^-
pose, but owing to the fact of its cheapness, and
complete constitution, Ihave chosen it for an example.

J. Bligut Bkowne.

Giri/nidd, Montyumcry co.y Fa.

LixroLNsniRE Pu;s. — We are requested to state
In a state of nature, before mnn has deprived the | that Mr. Cyrus Ilaldeman, of Bainhridge, LaucasUT
Boil of any of its fertilizing elements, these muni-

ments were sufficient for the healthful supply of the
wants of the plants, more particularly so in this spon-
taneous growth, because the climate and length of

county, has fi)r sale a nuinher of pure Lincolnshire
pigs, which will be disposed of at rea-'uahle rate?.
He has also a few of th(> same, crossed with the Ches-
ter county breed, which he will sell.

^

'I'lic straw he rr>.
We copy the following, together with the cuts, from
a neat and truly us( lul little vcdnme, oniitl'd the
iru j7 Grower's Jlujul-Ifook, hy \S . U. \\ aring, of
Boalsburg, Centre county;

Comparative outlines of Strawberries, natural size.

Largo
Early
Scarlet. Ilovey. Alpine.

Prolific Ilautbols. Burr's Xew Pino.

The Strawberry is at once the earliest, the most
exquisite, niust saluhrious, and mo^t readily irr^wu
of all fruits of t- niperate climes. At tie- saiue time,
no fruit is 80 little Mibject to disease or de«,truetiMn
by insects; yet. ..win- t.> its manner of growth and
bearmg, a d^-r.T .,{' care and culture is nut only ne-
cessary, lait indivjH'usalde.

The Strawl.rrry agnv-s with the most dell<'ate
'^tem a.dis and its free use is alwavs salutary. Im-
mense ,,uantities are grown near the rithvs and S(dd
Hthi^h prices; an average of l2(H) l.ushels per dav,
^unplird toCineinnati, only accelerated the demand.
^ :>l->t varirtirs uf the Strawherrv are of a di.rcious
^•':ir:u'ter; some are tlieref .re "p.-sitivMy barren,
Mill" otlHT., in fav..ralde circumstances, are pmlitie
^^••.^ nd any -thrr fruit on the same area. The male
^mjcmal, planus an- distinguished ly their U

los-

TTfivt or
bcrm.iplir.xiit,. !,|o,8 ,m
I'l'Hliioiive.

Staminate, Pistilat*' or ffmr\le h]o9-

or malp hlotum. g'un; pnMiuctiv*' if prow-

JStcnle. iiijj iiprir n perfect or
y , Btaniirifite plant

tror.'n ', fW"''''"''* '•'"" "1- (") 111.' .-.■.Ural ,.:,rt i. the
Rninll .♦ '' '^ ''^^^'" "''"'d in the berrv ; the

r «tnn;n ' * '' ^^^* ^^*>««'*™ contains abundance
stamens, but no (perfect) pistils. Varieties

bearing sucli blossunn are Worthless; as they do not
l^roduce fruit, their strength is wholly expended in
growth, and if present in a bed, they will soon over-
run the weaker fruit hearini: plan'ts. The pistil-
late blossom (c) Contains only tl..-' ^.-rm ..;' ih,. l„r-
ry, with j.erfect j.lMils, and no'( p.i j.ctj .stamens. It
IS usually small.-r (liin the staminate blossom, and
looks more bare. Mr. Longworth's Germ m vine-
dresser expressed the dift'erence, by savin- '• (-• Inis-

hani, ho have de beard, [stamen^,) d^i irow, slio have
none."

Tiiepr..xiinity of staminate or perfect hlossom^ is
• — 'nrial to th.' ]'roductivene<s of pi-ri!late varioties,
and a <mall proportion in ;t !„• 1 i^ sufliident to en-
sure a full crop. Of CMur^e p.rf. . t Id. --.mini: kinds
an> ],referal.h' f(.r this us., ;i> tleyssili pnuhiee a
crop of tle-mselvc^. Larg.- early Si-arht i- -.-iii'rally
us(«d, as it is an excelhnt and pr^durtive -..rr, with
perfect stamen^, and expands it- hhi-^'in- oarl v.

This irre^Milarity in the (diaract.T of the Mrawher-
ry plant, (l.idnj; partly j.erfect and partly dio.-iwus,)
has cause(l nuh h pcrphxity and cntr-v r-v am. ng
cultivator^, and it i> hut lat.dy that the true O'lidiii. in
ot the case has ben (b'tcmiined.

Soil am. Ci i.n j;i:. — 'I'h" hest <>>]] is a grnnj freo
loam, an(l it sh.aild he mad.- d.-cp and rich. S.-t
^»"uii^ j.i,iiii.> fiiiin in .vu_nivr. n n\" weath'-r is
moi>t, or str^n^r ( plants in April ; if j.Iant.-d in the
fall, tlioy are liaM'- t^ freeze nut. Iiiif rhi< ''an }>■• pre-
vented hypro-inu' thcartii firmly aramd tleni.and
CM\,-rin:; w 11 with lca\c'^, mt .'X .r-r.- ii -orav. In
cold districts, it is wcdl to cover the beds witli leaves

or straw every winter. !n
planting, the long fil.rous
ro.rt- niu.-t le '{ ]"' •■ro\vd''d
toj;rr!irr, (,r tl'^y will
maild and d- e;iv. l > •" p-
arate th'in. place a small
clod ' r ->f. iif [,sre fiyin-i )
in til.' miidle of the lede,
and s-t tic plant a-tride
on if- -umiiiit, -proading
ill ' roots so as to depend
regularly around it : tlen fill with fine niaild : water,
and if necessary, shade f ,r a few day-'. It plants,
received from a distance, appear mouMy. rinse tlieni
thorou;:hly with wat<T, iinniediat. ly hefor." plantin;;"*".
Muhdi well. The rows may he ahout l^ t.. 12 d inches
apart ea(di wav: •^ometinie^; they ar^- left wider in
one direction to admit a cultivator. Kv»Tv.ldor Ith
row *;r Mth or "it i ]ilant should lje staminate. if the
rc<t are ]ii-tillat»\ W^^^^ ;ind suppre-- runic i->. and in
( ictohcr W'irk in a dr''--in_' .d" manure, ddie second
HpriiiuT. hoe once and cicv.r the -nrface witli a inuhdi-
ini; of leav.'s or litter, if j.roper kind- iiave hem
jilanted, iln-n^ will he a full crop. In Cctwber, di;^ in
manure as Iwfere. l>ry weatlierat the '-'ea-en of
rij.ening, greatly reduce, the -i/e (,f the fmit.

A strawberry plant fails after pr^Mhiein;; ..rm or
two creips. it i- tlcrefore necev>,irv to train a succe.s-
sion of new jdant- for bearing. This is sufficiently
indicated by the hahit of the j)lant, and its {.rofu-ieri
of runners; the easiest method of affecting it, is to
di;: under in strip>^ the slarit- wdiich have just borne
fruit, every year ; h'avin;' CMuival-rit -tri].- Mfyonn''
plant- f'lr frunin;^; next year; the ^^r^av th and stren;:th
of the-*; will he grtjatly jiroinotcd l.y the operation.
If the hed becomes grassy, it is best to form a new
one, a- the grass cannot be extirpated without inju-

*Applri gathered into larpe pilei for grindinjr, hare been nre-
•erved from decay, by pouring water on them weekly ; the fruit
being elevated on hurdles, %o ai to allow the water to pan freely
through. '

d

~-^

58

HORTICULTUHAi. SOCIETIES.

[M

AV,

1S52.1

EDTTOrJAL,

59

ry to tho plants. As the Rupprcssion of weeds is the
chief and almost the only difficulty in the culture of
tho strawberry, clean soil should be chosen, and care
used in applyinc^ manure free from seeds. A small
bed, of two or three porches, properly managed, will
yield an abundant supply for a family.

Pennsylvania llortiniltnral Society.

Tho stated meeting of this Asso^-iatinn was held in
the Chinese Saloon, Philadelphia, on Tutsday even-
ing, April 20, 1852.

Dr. Wm. IJrin'ckle, Vice President, in tlie eliair.

The display was excoUont. The Ion*; centre tables
were covered with beautiriil and interesting^ phints in
flo-^cj. — a number of which were ahown for tho first

time.

In Il()l)ert Buist's collection were Campanula no-
hilis alba, a handsome and sliowy phint ; Arhufus nc-
palensisy an intenvstin;:; sy)Ocies ; Kparris hyarinthi-
flordj Auricula tina'niii;/ sfar, all new and of rcH'cnt
'introduction ; and two \iu->n' and line s(MMliln<i; verbe-
nas; Fimelia sjmctabilis, iUvnwiuij^ ui) fri»m the root
innumerable stems bearin<; umb» Is of pretty whitish
flowers; Acacia con.^ncua ; deli«'ate speeimens of
Erica puhescens major, p. minor, and hnmoitUs : five
species of Azaleas, six choicer Cinerarias, lUioduden-
drons, (fcc, also a dozen of Pansies. In i. aieb Cope's
collection were a Uenfrya scandens, IMssijlora rare-
mosa, d'C, also a collection of (hc/n'decc — (jon;>(ira
mactdata^ G. picia, Orcidiuni Lanceanum, (>. ('a/rn-
aishianum, Maxillaria striate ; a cut flower of V Icto-
riaregia; a moss urn and basket holding choice cut
flowers; a basket of ripe strawberries, a dish of
grapes, and a dish of mushrooms. John Sherwood
exhibited a seedling Rhododendron hyl»ridised with
Azalea sinensis wiiich is partially ever;rrevn and
bears beautiful orange colored blossoms, floscph Amfuican Citlery. — We have Ijefore us a pocket
llipka's had a large Rhododendron RussMlianum, a , ^^^j^^^ of Anieriean manufarture, wl.iel. for beauty of
hand boquot and a dish of mushrooms. iv()l)ert Cor- . , .„ n ii -.i *i ■• ^cf cnApi-

nelius' gardener, brought a dozen choice evrMoom- <>"^-^^^ ^^.11 eonipare favorably uith the nnc t bpeci
ing roses, as many pots of pansies, and a display of mens of Kno;lish cutlery. It is from lh<" worksotthc
forced vegetables, comprising a dozen of cucunil)ers, "Watervllle Manufacturing Conijiany, located at ^^a•
half a dozen caulitlowers, four vari.-ties of Mtuc.^ | ^^.,.(-^,^^1^ Connecticut, and is aui)ther gratifying evi-
six kinds of radishes, peas and heans m ])od, aspa-
ragus, &c. Ch. Sheets j^resented a table offincever-

apples, from Chas. Ilorton, of the Stat, nf Main,, j to
each of which a special premium ol One d«!!:ir.

The committee on vegetables r. port that th.v award
for Curunihcrs — fortlie best four sjtecimcn.s to Thomas
M(^irhran, '^ardener to II. Cornelius.

CaidijloU'crs — For the best thr<M' heatls tothosamo.
Vcyclahles — I'or the best display by a private gar-
dener to the same.

A special ]ireminm for fine early peas and boans
to the sam<\ Another toTiionia- Meehan for a plate
of tine nuishrooms.

The committee on a suitable testimonial to tho late
President, reporteil that the portrait had been exe-
cuted and was to be seen in the rooms.

The conclusion of the dissertation of Iv. 11. Soott.
on the superiority of the Natural System (sf Hiit;inv
over the Linneioan, or Artificial, was read.

A prospectus of a new Horticultural Journal, i idl-
ed the Philadelphia Florist, the specimen numi.er
sh(nvn appears very cr<»ditable to the editor au'l pro
prietor, ll. il. Scott, a member, was submittetl.

On motion, ordered that a committee be a].{.ointol
to inspect all the gardens, private and corninercial,
in the neighborhood of this city, and within the in-
fluence of this Society. That the proprietors e{ su. h
gardens ])e re<(uested to furnish said comniitte.> with
« fyiip ^j\>\ r*'>7'^'^^t *'"*^" ^"**^'^'"*" "^ their T''>'^y>erti\i» ost.'u*-
lishments, and report thereon.

On motion, ordered that the thanks of tho Secim
be t(>ndered to (^ipt. Wm. McMichael, for the gift ^f
a cr>llecti(>n of flower see(ls from California.

A letter from Prof. S. S. llaldeman in acknowl-
edgment for h\< election to the chair of Entomolugv
in the Society, was read.

Five gentlemen were elected members.

Tho. p. Jamf.s, R. St'C.

blooming roses. James I'owell a numb«*r of pansies
in ])ots. And from Cliarles Ilorton of the State of
iNlaine superior lialdwin aj^])les.

'J'he iullowing are the reports of the awarding com-
mittees :

dence that American skill and enterprise are rapiuly
outstripping the long vaunted superiority of th'' '-"n*
lish. We have used pocket and pruning knives m e
nufactured by this company, for several year^" p;v-
and take pleasure in commending them to }aiblic ^i-

The Committee on Plants and Flowers awarded for i tentn)n.

Roses — For the best six everbloomitig to (\ Sln^'ts;
for the second best do., Thomas Meghran, gardetier
to R. Cornelius.

Pansies — For the best six to James Powell ; for the
second best do., to AVm. Mcintosh, foreman to Robt.
Buist.

Plants in pots — For the best and most interesting
collection to the same; for the second b»>st do., to
Thomas Meehan, gardener to Caleb C\)pe.

Boqnet design of cut jloxcers — For the best to tie-
same ; for the best hand Boquet to A. Rurnett, gar
doner to J. Ripka.

Basket formed of cut flowers — For the best to Thos.
Meehan.

And a special premiumof four dollars for four new
plants to R. Buist. The committee noticed a stand
of choice Orchideoc from C. Cope's houses.

The committee on fruits report that there was no
competition for the schedule premiums. They ob-
served, however, a basket of fine strawberries and a
dish of grapes from C. Cope's houses ;^very superior

nws, y'-^'

Jli/dmpalhic Eni-ychpedia^ Fowler d

J o/'A'.

The eighth and last number of this valuable pul»-
lication has ])een received. To tho--.> who are »it'|*'
rous of familiarizing themselves witii the prin<M]''-
of Hydropathy, this work will l)e invaluable, b^' '.^
page is replete with instruction, and may be reu
witli advantag(> by all.
77/.' Modd Arrhiterf^ /■;. N. Jones <{' Co., Philadelphn.

Nos.7,S and '.» of tWiswodrl work has been reooivea.
It is a credit not onlv to the publishers, who n-A^'
got it up in tlu> most b.niutiful style ; but the doig"
of buildings, d.'tails, Ac, all evince that a m:vj*tcr
hand controls the work.

Postage of tue Fakm Journal.— For the '^^^''^^^^
ti(m of all. we again state that the postage on ^
Farm Journal, if ]>rrpaid quartn-hj, is one com^^^
each number, or*three cents per .luartor. Auy»»i3
charge than this is contrary to law.

i

X

THE f Ail.U JUL il.\ AL.

Agents.

The F\RM JoCKwrmay be liad at the following

places : —

W. H. ZiKKKii, S^)Uth .Jd St., principal agent fur
IMiiladelphia.

r.ancaster. Pa.

W. H. Sr\N<;i,Ki!,
R. 1\ SeA\c.i,FR,

(If.o. IU;i<ONhK,
11 .MlNFK,

.1 il. SniiVorK,

Ii. .M. IJWV I.IN'S,

A. L. W \KKiKi n.

Colnnibia, Pa.
llarrisliurg, l*a.
]*ittsliurg, Pa.
Chambersbnrg, Pa.
Carlisle, Pa.
York Pa.

jtii,l of IJook^ellrrs generally.

.'i(X) \(^i:\Ts w v>Ti:i).

We are desirous of securing one or more competent
agents in every county in Pennsylvania, to canvass
fer til'- Farm Journal. Oiir terms art» liberal, and
u.' uT'' ;i--i:red bv well-informed fri^-nds in everv por-
tiou ot" th"' State, that competent ami active jiL'ent<
COuM Mot fail to snece('(l ^vell. We theref're invit''
jM^rsons deMi-oiis oi laKin;^; airencies m ainii-os us
(j><^^/;"/<'/j oil the suliject : furnishing U"» with satis-
factory referenc''. and htating in what parlieular
cnuntv thev are d'>irnns of eanvass!n<r.

\

New Cider "^lill ami Wooi (utter.

V>\ invitation, on Saturday, .\j.ril iMth, in. ^^lInjlanv
vviih iiImut fifty np'mbers <A tlie L''^i>lature. we rail-
ed ut the otabli-hnent ,,f A\'. ( ). Hirkok, of llarri>-
burg, for tip' purjioH.' nf witnessin.^' the operation of
an entirely n-w Ci.hr Mill A Prevs an<l Po(^t Cutter,
the invention of Mi-. Jl.. and f^r which he has taken
measures to secure a patent. It i- a small maehine.
about iln-ep f,M't s,^uare, adapte(l to man or hor-c
powrr. Very sinii-le in its construction, but liv a new
aud ].e, Miliar arrangement of the cylin<l.>r. capable
' f <l"ing a large amount ..f work in a surpri>ingly
short sp;i,.,. of time. A half bushel .,f apples were
plae.MJ m thf liopprr, and with one nnm jM.wer, were
run thr ,u-ii in the space of forty s.M'on.ls. The pu-
'"•^' ' 1"'' ^""t-l the aj.p.-aranc." of having been grated
^■afh.T than ground. So complete was the pro,a->.s,
that the ci(b^r could readily be squeezed from it with
^'"" ''■"•!• It passed directly from tlie rylin.hTs to a
*''!' }"-'|'.n-.-d r,r the purpo,>,., whieh w a's >lid un.ler

tl'" pr---^. an.l in • imunt.' the company Nsere ,11-

cus.sin^r th,. nirrit< ,,ftl,.. /„i,.j._

^ Fvery one present was deli;r|,tr,l. not only with the
Cider, but the ease and rapMity with wliich it was
made. Wo confess that it surpassed every tidng of
til' Kind w Inive seen.

Att-r 'Irlnkin- tho rider. Mr. II. s-nl-.tituted an-
uther cNlin.i.r. and >howr,i the rapacity of the ma-
chme fur cutting routs, &c. A peck of potatoes was
passed thruugh it in a few seconds, and were cut into
pieces (not grated) of a size admirably adapted fL>r
feeding purposes. In thig particular, it commends

itself to tlie particular attention uf farmers. For fur-
ther particulars, we refer our readers to an advertise-
ment whi<di will app'ai- in our uoaI niiiubcr.

W e are reouc.^tt'd Lo,>a\ thaL tiio machines are now
for sale, and on otir own .•Mith -.rity we state that the
price is within the limits of every farmer's purse. —
Patent rights will be for sale so soon as the letters
patent are issued, wliich will be in a few weeks.

I>nn«)rni/.e >nur Manures.

Notwith-tandinj; th-' raiiid i^roeress wlii''!i .V-tIcuI-
tural smeiu'e fuis maile, t hero is on >■ point w liioh \\r\oT
luis been, or is likely to ji.-, attain- d -we ha\c vt to

learn how to cultivate our land- -ue, ^full\-. witliout

the aid of manure. The intrt/'lu'ti'U <f -team has
[ wrought such an entire re\olurii,n in niai'liiie '.-v, that
j we may rea-onably indulgo the hop,- that - ..n-T or
I later it will be profitably appli<'d to agri<Milt iiral pur-
pot's 5o far as plowing and m.mv other of the
"p'Tatioiiv ,,f tho fai"m aro t-oncerne,!. Tho olrctric
\ tfleL^raph has annihilate.! >pa(*e and time -- faeilitaNvi
tiie transnii--!' mi of n.'W>, and matorial! v ehaiiL'-'ii the
charact»'r of many in)portant ^h pan ncnt^ of tragic —
Ibit Ufithr]- >team nor the telegraph ha\o V't betu
applit'd to iho ro-torafi ■!! "f 'xliai;-:- d •'uils, or can
^upplv tlio-.' (•"ustituents wdneh contiinn ! \ .■■•-.■taiion
in the form of wheat, c<»rn, oats, tic, annually take
from them. There is no soil, however fertile it lurvy
Mr!_;;na!l \ I'--, that will t r any hiigth of time, bear
witli'Ut pai"tia1. aiid oi'. n ci .mpht.i .xhau-tion, ;i sys-
tom of uiiin^'Trnptcl cri ppm--. 'I'le; d-ip ri.h >uils
uf tie- ^\'estern prari"-, the fertility id'wdiicli \n as at
one timi' suppos,.,! to be inexhaustible ; and to which
fu- th" fir-t eight or t- ii years, the application of
manure is U't only -iipert!ii> ai>. 1 iit prejudicial : n-'W
L:i\ e unmi-takoaMe o\ i.h'nce of t h" loss of proiIu.n\e
power. ThousaU'ls of a'Tos in j'on!i~\ 1\ ania that
once viflded abuuilant crops, (hut \\ere rol.bod td
their verv life hy improviihiit farinor^,) and which
are now re"anh'd as w a^te lands ; aNo, attest the ucccs-
sit V of iruardinij: ai:ain-t tic futuro im rea-o of this
gradual but, certain di.-.-ipatiou (d our agricultural
wealth.

It then manure.-^ are so vitally essential to tiic
maintenanceof the fertility of our soils, is it nut a matter
of the bi'_diest importan'O f t oviry man who has an
aere of land to (a!lti\ate, to make hiin-i If laniiliar
with tile miture the he-t method .^f pr. paring the
most .M'linoini.al plan of securing — and the most profit"
abh'm.HJrMf appl\ in^Mlein '.' Tlie generality of farmer.-^
never l.ok ])evoniI the mere v»roducts of the stable fur
tiieir supply vi tlo> all iinp'ortant jnat'rial. Tie y
appear to forget that they possess a tluai-and otiieJ
s 'urcesfrom wdiieh feriili/in;: matter mav I'o proeured
in L'roator or less quani ities. 'I his -Ipaild never be.
Kvery farm should buiwt not uidy a well cared-for
barn-yard manure h- ap, let. also, its compost h- aj>
at every point where a suflBcient amount uf enriching
matter to form one may be found. Let the fanner

60

EDI TORT A L.

Nf..

A\'.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ni

who relies wholly upon his stable manure reflect a
moment upon the vast amount of valuable, organic
and inorganic material he annually loses from the
want of a very little care and attention. If lie be a
man of observation, he cannot fail to perceive that
his carelessness jn this respect is a source of continiu-d
and very frequently, irreparable loss. At least one-
half of the inconveniences and losses which farmers
sustain in meagre crops and in lands, gradually, but
certainly decreasing in value, are the effects of this
improvidence. We mi;j;lit refer to the various and
valuable manures whieh even many of our very best
farmers })ermit to be wasted ; but, as wo intend
recurring to this subject again,we shall then endeavor
to point out in the plainest possible manner these
drains upon the fanner's purse, with the hope of
awakening a pru])er de;^ree oi^ interest in relation to
it.

The next State Fair.
We observe that a number of our newspaper ex-
changes announce Lancaster as the place select"-^ ^"^
the holding of the next State Agricultural Fair. W^e
have not learned upon what authority this announce-
ment has been made, as at the time of writing
(April 24th) the Executive Committee have not de-
termined w^iere it shall be held. The probabilities,
we believe, are, that Lancaster will be the favored
spot, as we understand that no other place has en-
tered into conip<'tition with it.

Prevention of Gum on Peactt Trf.f.s. — A practical
gardener informs us that if the earth is removed
from the roots of the Peach trees affected with gum,
to a distance of one foot immediately around the
trunk, and finely powdered charcoal applitMl to them
tlie thickness of an inch, that it will eilectually check
tlie llow of the gum.

County Societies. — (^hiite a nunibor of the County
Agricultural Socleti-^s throughout tln^ State have ac-
cepted our i)ruposition to send them the Farm Jour-
nal in return for a list of tln^ names of the officers
and head quarters of each Society. So soon as we
hear from all, we shall publish the list entire, in or-
der that the Journal may be a safe directory to those
who desire to communitate with the different Socie-
ties.

Several new advertisements were received tuu late
for insertion in this number.

GUANO AVARE HOUSE.

No. b\ South Wharves, Below W'lhmf Sfnrf.

Peruvian and Patagonia Guano, for sale in l;irgc cir smkiH .juau-
tities, in barrels and baga, on reaaonable terms

JOSI'.PFI I- JONKS,
^_ No. 55, South Wharves, I'luladelphia.

SIIANGIIAE & COCHIN CHINA FOWLS

For Sah.
The Bubicriber hag on hand a number of younff Cochin China &
Shanghae Fowls of the latent importation, which he will dispose
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to

PHILIP HUNT,
West Phila., Chesnut St., 2nd door West of Pub. School House.

JOHNSON'S IMPROVED REYOLVIXr. IIAY
AND GRAIN RAKE.

THIS Rake is got ap in detached pieces, B(i as t(» make it conve-
nient for transportation niul storage, and so cninpi.-ttj that any p«ir
of huuiHes and shafts will tit on any Rake of lusniauuracturt-. The
above Rake can be obtained of the siibscriber at his rt'SKb-nfe, or
nt his Mills near Newark. Delaware, either by wholesaic nr retail
They fan Jilso be olrtained at my several aj^cncies tBtataished in
reimsyivania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, of which exten-
sive notice lias already been j^iveii.

Tiie utility of this Rake is so well established and oxtt-nsirely
iviiuvvii, mat ii la licciiicu uiiiicccBa<ii ^ lii uvvcii luucii upon 1 la mer-
its ill tiiis advertisement. It is proper hewever, to state that it hai
always been awarded the preiuium, at Agraultura' Exhibitioiu
where the competition was fair.

The utmost care is observed by the maiiiil'acturer in the selecti'in
of timber for tiiese Rakes. None Imt the best IjMiig iiBod for that
purpose They are also ironed ui the best maimer. Having been
engaged in their in inut'acturL* for thirty years, the suliscriber :i
very desirous tliat the high reputation which these Rakes have
hitherto maintameil should be sustained. It is therefore hu wiih
to di8j>n8e of them as far as practicable, by wholesale.

Dealers m Implements will do well to send in their orders at
nn early day. Orders shall be filled immediately, and the Rakei
delivered at the moat convenient landing or depot for further
transportation.

These Kakes have been found to be the most ccnnomical in tue,
saving their cost at a single day's raking of Hay or Gram. They
have als 1 been found very nsefnl in taking straw ("roni a thresher
to where it is wanted to be6tncke<l. W. 6. .lOMNSON.

London Grove, Chester county, Pa.

sTIVlK'S Iiri',, Al (illi AND RON RKlJULATuR.

Till- subscriber residing m Dillsburg, York county, Pennsylva-
ma, has invented n new and improved .\ugur fir the boring <'f hut «•
and setting the boxes of wagon, carriage and (ithur vehicle wheciS
for which 1 have obtained letters patent.

The Augur will bore both eiuls of the hub at the 8,ime tinic.or
either separately — and is the most useful and important invtiition
of the age for inserting wagon boxes and the only Miiehine in "i-
istence by which they can be inserted exactly true — and is b" P*"''
feetly simple in its ronstruotion, and congtructed mi sueh just nK-
ehanical principles, that it cannot possibly get out of rejiair.

With this Augur a set of boxes ean be inserted ma few iiiii'it''«
— where under the old system it recpiires hoars to perl<jrin iiie
same :unouiit of work.

IVrsoiiR wishing to jmrchaBe Territory or Shop rights will please
address the suhseriber. who will sell on terms tiiat will eiia!>ie t-'*
purchaser to make money. HIl.N'RV SlL>l^r>-

Dillsburg. April, 183iJ— tf

A(;K\CY ^.

fur the ipurchasc and .sale of improved breed oj

Auimals.

STOCK Cattle of all the ditlerent breeds, sheep, swine, poultTV.
.- ^c . purcha8e(l to order, ami carefully shij)i>ed toanypnrt'"
the Tinted States, for whiih a moderate eoinmissu'n will D«
charged. The following are now on the list, and for sale, Viz:
Thorough bred Short Horns and tirade Cattle,
do do Alderney ilo do

do (b> Avrsiurc i\o do

do do Devons do do

do do South Down Sheep.
i\o do OxfordHliire do
do do Leicester do

Swine and Poultry of different breeds. All leters P'^s* P.J'
be promptly attended to Address AARON CU^MKi^.V

August I, 1851. ^^

d will

^^ , r.

Cedar' St , above Qth. Phila^

HENKY r.TRIPI.ER,

(Successox to Joseph P. 11. CocUes.)
Dealer in Grass and Cardeu Seeds.

No. 49, Market Street, Philadelphia.

«

•> ^iMWfitfW'^t^JKlli^iM.MWMW^

' /nil: AGRICULTURAL DRILL!

J. SUitr M,'( d airardal by the Maryland State Fair.
Patented Nova/iber 20th, 1849.

I ^^"^f"}'^'''" of the seeding apparatus. A, is one of a series of
iron Kollers or pullies, fastened to nn Iron Rod or Axil, which re-
Toives with the wheel of the machine; fitting to a curved and
grooved CHStiug Ii, atta-in-d to the bottom of the hopper, corres-
ponuiug with a bevel kd opening m the latter, through which the
"'•'•'I i« admitted and earned f..rward hy the rr)ller. The (piantity
^-v Mhu-'d 18 reifu ated by means of an Iron R.^i along the entire
iroiii .,{ the hopper, to whieh all the sidew nre hrmly attached and
iVJ; n ^''*'"*' , '"' •i^riiigs J. They are elev:»ted or depressed bv a
ever l^ attached to gju.i rod and opp^^rateg simultaneously on each

^U.lTJl'T^- ''^''^ '^^'"^ ^'' '« '"-''I '" 't-^ l-«iiion by means of
rr,v?.»? *' ^'V'"^ ^ ■*''"■* '" teeth or notches. The roller re-
Vr,u!».. f '" proportion to the size of the opening in the

e ?nv !;"? ''i^""" '^ ''>' ""*'"'» "•" ■'' ^'^M' I-'. >'i front of each, an.

1% \8ittoih,. tii!.f. {;,fhrouirh which it is disrh:,rced. ternii,»a

IK M.i e,,ne K, which scatters it across the entire lurroxr madi

niorr^i rj '" "''"'"'" *'' '" '"''^"'^ ''living a broad base <4 four o

e
or

The

■e^.iTn'n^'"'? 'n' ^*"' '"vention is to Becnre an eo.ial distn'.iition of
^tt^th.i'J'. /"''^'"■' n, asrendint^ordes.ending hi'ls, to re^'U-
iait mt exact ipiaiitif, sow

seed in the drill, from 1 t<^ 5 inches in the ground. 4o that it will
be more perfect in its growth and yield more tnan if Mwn by
those in ordinary use ; m fact, possessing many udvantagei ttiut
caimot fail upoo exanunation u* strike all, as the accomjuutytitg
certificates from competent jutlges and practical farmers express
it, as the best machine of the kind in use.

The broad shovels and cones opperate in like manner ai t^y mak-
ing the furrows with a hoc and sowing by the hand ; hence pecu-
liarly adapted for the South in sowing Rice, iiy elevating the
cones the machine sowv m a manner broad cast.

We the undersigned, after using Mumma's Patent improved
Seed Drill, beg leave to recommeiuT it to the public as one of the
best, if not the rery best machine for the purpose, [as expressed
above,] that is now m use.

Signed David Kinsey, Henry ricrshey, Andrew Ebersole, John
Eversole, Chas. Redes, John (jarver, M. Miers, Jacob Shope, .M |» ,
Samuel VVengsr, Peter Kversole. Joseph Hershey, John Lmgie, J.
Miller, Geo. Noll and Michael Noll, ol Dauphin co.; S F Sherick,
Jacob Krider and Jcdin Hiinsecker of Lebanon co.; U'm Ibrr) oi
Perry C().; and Saimie: Kranlsof '^"(>rk county.

The su sen' er, re-idine at Sprmgville. .Mt J- > I'..st OfTiecLin
CO., I'a , is now prepart.'d to ull the entire rii:fit, manufaeture and

^ wnsliijis, < '.III. ti,-8, States or

'11 per acre, to diBtrilaiie and scatter the | -May. lbj2.J

vend this valuaMe .Mi.iiine for T
Territnries. u; on reasonable tcrrns.

JACOl? .MIM.MA. Pitentee.

i'iii;MiiM;sTK.vwi>>Kiii:v -.vorj.w;.v>7.vc.'''TlIKFRUlT-(;i{()\Vi;K'SHA\I)-H()()K

nrir »'ioI„i"k'^'''^-', ""''•*''' varu-tv r.ii«-d ! y <; Schmitz. Ks.j.
!vth, P.;^ 'J';^'^ i'r^nvum was awarded

• .'r.snV ','■''''" " ^^'"'"'rnl Society, was purchased bv the

ti.ne ..tlVr^l o ihe'pu'fd'ic''' " """■"' "^ '^'" ^■*""' ^^' '^' ^"'

>rcuu;*'*"7'^''y^»^^^^^ I have as yet seen.

-TcT^-^''::^^^'''^ '"^ .tsrot.n.tand vigorous g^owth-
^rcKluctive. pro/bie" ^ 'f, .'y; .;'-^^-'"'" '>f heat an.J cold, is very
)lantthnn n,,,......-.^ 'krf.it, I ayer,!!,',. ,.f laree berries trom one

or

P'
pr(Kl

plant than any oth'er%m?r ;"';/"'■'■'"";'" '""'^

J^edling." Itscr., r X.t ' •■'iual.n size to the " Hovey's

excelsal!,.fi,,.rV t "n 1 ? ' ''"*' •■^"•' '"^'*' f''"^^"'^' '" ^^'^"^^ '*
It 18 m.^i, 1,,.,,,.^ a,};,,, ted for market„(for which

1

Guano.

I he quality of the nhrtir- .-
<M with contidenc*. tr. r- ""■urpa8Sed,and can be rerommend-

A liberal deduction ,iadT7'o"^ '''^"' '" ^•*'"* '*^ *^' ''''''^■•
^ucuon made to Country Merchants.

No 22 A an <» vvi, ALLEN h, NEEDLES.

^ * 23, 8. Wharrcs, First Store aborc Chcs. St., Phik.

KiHouraged !'y trie Very u inn eoiiiiiiend.ations of ttoB wnrk. rr-
ceived alike from experienceil Horticulturists and from tlie wuy\ j
mexperienced, the author ventures with some confidence to sub-
mit it to the public at large.

Notes of all the important questions on fruit culture asked of th«
writer during the last ten years, with a thorough research o( I'o-
mological works, have contributed t(» render this volume as com-
plete as possible, in convenient compass.

To the lot-holder who wishes to make the most of a frw plants
and little ro<"»m. as well ns to the extensive planter who wisties to
arrange and cultivate his gardens in the most economical ami pro-
fitable manner, the Hand Book will be found a useful companioM
for frequent reference.

tW Price, FIFTY CENTS. Two copies, post free, for §1.
Address, W.Vf O WARING,

sept. 1S5I. Boalsburg. Crntre co.. Pa.

FINE STKAWnKHKV PI. \ NTS.

Strawberry Plants of several varieties and tmc «)uality cnn b«
had by the hnndreil or th«ni«and at the U>w price of 81 per hundred
by addressing with amount enclosed, '

JAMBS O'CONNOR,
.„ _. ^ ,„ , Safe Hsrbor, Lancaster CO , I a

AD orilersjwlll reeefve prompt attention. l(sept. IWL

GUANO.

Penivian and Patagonia Guano for sale in lots to mi it purchnsera.
by ^ J CASSKDV A SON

No. 121, Sou th Water st., a few doors above Dock st Phila

62

A"nVEirrTSEMENTS.

Ma

A. an air cliamber— H. body of ram — C. valve rhambers— D.
valve— F. coupling for ileliverv pipf— H. coupling for ilnviug pipe.

.1. lU CIllCIII.STliK,

NO. 23, SOUTH KlGilTil STKEET, nilLAUELPIllA,
A(ii:NT lor Uirknibines Patent Improved Hydraulic Ram,
Force Piiinps, Street Stops, Fire Plugs, and Hydraulic Machinery

ki general.

The superiority of these Rams over a(l otlu-rs is tlie great
amount oi water tlirown to tliat wasted, the large si/e tlicy ran he
etmstructed, thedural)i!ilv of them, as well as tlie small am()mit
of attention and repairs tliey retjuire— many miming at present tor
4 and 5 years, without any repair. At the present time there are
n the United States, Cuba, Mexico and South America, about
2000 in successful operation.

The town of Naples in the State of New York is supplied with
water by one of these Rams, throwing '20.000 gallons a day. Many
more could be mentifmed if space wmild peimit.

Persons wishing R.ams sent to ihem by mensnrir.g the amount of
water their brook or spring atVords, per muuite. the head and fall
they can procure, the elevation to be overcome, and distance to be
oonveyed, can have the proper Ham and V\\w, sent them, with di-
rections for putting up.

The expense, in most cases, is smaller than a well and pump —
Letters po8t-paid,will meet with prompt att< nti'>n Wlien desired
an experienced person will be sent to put ihem at a small adiiition-
al expense. Lead and Inm Pipe for sale. These Rams are war
ranted in every respect. (J"'> '^^■^'i-

Cininees. Plums, Neetirin.'s, Aprieota, Almonds, (irapes, Raspber-
ries, (jO(tset>rrrie.s.(^irrants. Strawberries, kv . *c. .^(),(MU) Silver
aml'Ash-leaved Mnple SeiMllmgs of one years growth ; 50. (KK) Ap-
ple SeedliniiH The above will be 8..1d on the most reasonable
terms Persons residing at the south and west should send their
orders early. Catalouues with prues annexed will be sent to all
anpl.cantg. ISAAC PIU.I.KN,

February, 1852— 2 mos.) Highstown. INIercerr .^ N Jersev-

COTTACVE FUUMTIIUK.

WARWICK & Co., are constantly manufacturing new and ap-
propriate designs of enamelled, painted and *\)ttage Fiiniiliire, of
warranted materials and workmanship Suits of ('lianil>er I'^urni-
lure consisting of |)IU:SSl\(i HUR FAU. HIIDS TFAD, W \SH-

STAND. Toiidrri'ARM:. and i-oFK (\am: si:\'r chairs.

as low as S-ib per Kiut, and ui)ward to a?10b, gotten up in the most

superb style.

Th(»8e who are about furnishing hotels, cottages, or citv, resi-
dences, should call and see this style of furniture, whieh tor cheap
ness, durability and elegance is far preferable to the old heavy
kinds of mahogany, ^c.

Orders from all paits of the country prnmptlv atteuded to aiMl
carefully packed. '^^AR \M( K .V CO.,

Warerooms, No. 4 and 0. South Seventh 8t , between Chestnut h

Market streets, Philadelphia. "^P^ «"'

UKMIY A. DRKKirS

SEED AND HORTICULTURAL WAUE110U6E,

No. 59, Chosnut st, near iUl, Pliiladelphia.

Constantly on hand a large and well seleeted assortment of

Garden, Fields Orass and Gardrn Sefds^ Fruit Treeij Grap€ Vints,

Horticultural Implements in great variety.

Catalogues forwarded uu post paid uppliration. {sep.-At

IMPORTANT TO FARMERS!

JESSE HUBERT'S PATENT UNITED ^T\TY<
GRAIN AM) SEED FAN.
TO WHICH w as awarded the

FIRST PREMIUM

At the Pennsylvania AgnciiUural I'a.r, after a trial the fairnenof
which could not be disputed. Tliegr Fans, the inventor coiitidenl-
ly asserts, are the only ones now in use entirely adeiiuale to lh«
wants of the larmer. The ohjeet of ihe inventor was imt liirecled
alone, to the purpose of cleaning gram, but of cleamiig il aihl
saving at tlie Siime time tlie tarnn r the tr.'Uhle of galheriug it
from the floor, thus iioi only avoiding labor, biit keeping the grain
from the ditt ('H the llo«>r. In addition to this, these Fans, posse*
greater advantages than those constructed upon the old plan-
These advantages are as follows:

First. The arrangement is such, that a quick shake can bcot>-
tained bv turning slowly, thus sewiiring when desired, a leas quan-
tity of for small seeds.

Second. When necessary a s ow sliake can be seeureil, by rapw
turning. This is of immense advantage, as it adapts the tan, to
iJie cleaning of all kinds of seeds.

Third. A new method of adjusting the nddl.'S and s.'rrsvs ID»
gives tiie operator the advantage of plaeiug Ihem in any pijSititt
bes. adapted to aeeoniplish the piirjiosrs ot ;i gram Fan. r.vtJI
riddlt! and screen lias a separal.- a.ljuslmen-, so tiial each one c««
be lixed at any angle wilhout the necessity of laUnig them«>ul

Fourth, The i;rain. instead of falling on the tloor. as '8 "«"*"J
tlie case, is discharged, hy means of a small tron^h, into the ha
bushel, or other measure that may be phiced under it My llii» •
rangcmeiit the gram is all mensnred, by the time it is cleanc^^
thus saving not only labor, but tune, and cousecpient'v expeusc
well as keepmc the grain from contact with the dust and (Jul °
H.h.r. For this reason; the fan. can be put m operation :m\ ^n*-^
with as little trouble us the cummoii fans can be used m ■!
lioor. , ^

Fifth, The simplicity of their constructions renders tlnm -e
liable to get out of repair than other mills.

For the above reasons, we confidently recommend eiir r.i ^
public patronage. P.ivileges to manntaeture will '■^J';'' '. ^.d
reasonable t<'rms Satisfactory information can be P^^''^'-,^
l,y addressing postpaid, the suhseribcr at ^''^l^^^'y^'^^^^liy^T^
ry CO., Pa. JhSM- * ' j-tf

Norristown, December, 1, 1851.

Ufe liisiiriiiue for Horses, *i.f.

n^ITF, American lave Sto<'k Insnrain e Compiinv. (^^•"'^'"'""5* ,'«
1 (lividuadv laalde) lor the lnsur;.nce ol ''"^^' ; l''n,'>l b »
BulU,^hen^\C<iitl^^ ifc,^^^■.is^^^l Fire, Water, •^'■;"" " ,;, ,i^
ease. Also, upou Utock driven to Kasterii inark.'ls, or irausi

'''""''• J.HIN II.FKK'K.

General Agent for I'cnax Iv una, Philadelphia.

KKl- KKK.N( KS :

Wood. Md)olt k Co., i
Trnitt. Rrother k Co . J Philadelphia.
CcatcH »V Rr.wn, )

A cents'
JOHN Znni'.RM \N. I :n ( isler Pa.
tMI\KII.>F FKU K. Readin;:. Pa.
SA.Ml l.L 11. TA Vl.OR. Mauch Chunk, Pa

l)r JoUN (i .^roviKN. Veterin:irA ;^"^P j.
May. m^.l.) J^xummer .or 1 ^ ucasie^"^y ^

I^KKK^HIREPlGSaad South P^^yfi^y,,J^[R^TON!jr^^^ "
^' sale hy «.,/.„„ ph.! ude I uhia Co.

July l-6m.

A!)\ }:irrrsi5WHNTs,

«.?

CuCillN CHINA FoWL.^ I'nR SALE.

THE subscriber otVers for sale a few jairs -i his fine stock of
OCIIIN CHINA FO\VI.S, of his own i

cot

.„,,.. imporUition, warranted

pare bl<"Kl and true to their name Oidersfor the game, post-puid,
addressed to the huiiseriher, will receive Aw*' alteniion.

CHARLES SAMi'SON, West Uoxbury, .Mass.
April, 1855^- ^

Jm

E^fERY Sc COMPANY,

Sole Mamtfacturcrs for (In I nitcd States of the New
York Sfiif'' A'jn'ri/lfi/riil S<>ci/fi/\s' First I*rnniiim

U A I L K ( ) A I) IK) USE - V ( ) W E K ,

l',\TE>'TED BV n 1. H.MKKY, FEliRL'ARY '21, I's^Q.

M'.niv /'it'/o/-// on Jl'iffii/f"/!, Li/)t/f// und l'nn,)i strr/fs;

Wnrchous^' and S<itr Knorns, Ao>. 'M\\) and .')7l

Jiroadicai/^ Alb<ut>/, A. .)'.

THr above Horse Powers have been awarded the highrst pre-
mnmis at the Fairs of the New York State Agricultural Sweety lu
l.s.Mi, Mild af^mii in 1"^J1 ; also, the highest I'reimum at the Michigan
State Fair, at Hetroit, .Mich., in September, i".';!, wdere amajonty
of Die ("oimnittee owned ami were using Wheeler's P.iwers on
their farms, liaving purchased tiiem previous to seeing our own .
also a (ioid Medal at tlit.- AmtTic.an Institute, in I'-Jjl. It was also
exhibited at ttie State Fairs ol' ( )hio, Maryland and Peimayl vaiii.t.
and received the higin st awards which could be given by tiie rn!r s
of their S civtMB In every case, it has been in eompetilion witn
all endless tliain Powers of any note in this country.

Over SIX lir.NDRFI) setts of tlie above Powers were sold and
put m use from June to January last . not one being returned or taiied.

T«) eimble the public ti> distmguisti the above Horse Power irom
all others, we here show its principal, and most important parts,
by di.'icrams and references— beside like diagrams and referi nces
of the Hack and Pinioii Power, as made by ourselves. WheeU-rs
Slid others, ami also tiie Hack and Piiii.in. uith epic\ cl..ydal teeth,
whn-h has long been suecessfLilU u've-d in this vicinity, and which,
with our recpiit impr ivemcnis, m its adaptation and application to
our Horse Powr niacliimrs , places it the Iiist im tiie list of liack
and I'luiou Powers.

a.a.a a.— Couplings upon the ends of the shafls.fittinj all the
pullies and gears.
Fig 2. Shows a side and eilf^ti view, fenhirged,) of the couplings
Fig 3. Side view of converge or internal gear and piuion
Fig. 4. Side view of one of the two reels, c c, on the main shaft.

J[

'\f\r\.

no

XIIO

nn

W^st^^^^^^

Ci*mm(>n Rark 'ind Pitiicn /'err^r, a* ymnufnrtnrf l*y lurftlvts

U ;>'-/' r > atl'i I t'ler ^ .

li — Side view of one of the 7'J ("T I'i on each side.) smal! trnekor

fricti 111 w.'iecls, wiiiri, rravfrse wiUi the cmliebs tlo- riic

tieiiijr :i1h ut .r Indies ill lUir-ter

C. — Side view o( tti'- 7'J (or '.in on «-a'h side.) links or segments of
the chain, eaih t'f which are mr. uu-loa long, us seen coii-
liected with < tliers. a a .i a — Tl:'' <\ < » of the I inks a lid sin. ill
riHjs crossing the pttwer und eilcud.n^ through the lines, and
far enough outside to receive the small iru..i»«.

A. — Side View of a section of one of the pinions or small cog whee's,
two of whicli are placed up<ui the mam gliift. mik! receive
the motion and I'orce t'rom the ( i:s n the linksof the chain.
This pimon is ationt four and a half im lies diameler. and ttie
band pulley is useil upon the Mine shaft, wlii< h for threnlnng,
is I'our feet diameter. The lower \ .cw reprcaenis the teeth
or cogs, as seen with links inverted.

vy

OjaOj'

^JUli^VUXTL

Emery's Improv^tl Vnt'Ut Rurk an-,' I'tnian Povcfr,

Uttl K} ir yiloi/'I'll t. 'tU.

c — Shows a side view <^f oil'- if the links or srrtions of the chairs
of wtiich ilicre are but s^ \t\'. or tiiirty oil a side, and are
each seyrji inches long ; everv a ternate link is c-asl with
dowi Is, a a a a ;i a [iroje<"tini; each side ; those oil the iiigidc
count* (ting with t!ie . tiu-r I inks, win f tho.sj- nn the out Hide re-
ceive the trii'k wlieeis, tlius a V' ik! i ntj te necessity of Btiiall
sh.ilts. and expense of tittmg up Tio- eyesof the links ami
truck wN-el.^ are cast upon s'eel chills— miking a jierfert,
and hard sm"olh surface, which will not wear ( r firejik —
whilethe <h)welsare sufficiently large ami strong t ' wirli/itand
more than the cogs themselves.

The lower edge of each link is widened equal to t!,( i.icp
of the pillion, and the eotr>< rn i b- t-i t \t -nd the whole u \<Uh
of the pinion, as Bliiwn in tiie lower cut, representing t/io
link inverted, t»reseininc double the streni:tfi and dri viii: sur-
face, ,is shown III the last kind ; every alternate Imk ib con-
fined to the plank tli»oring l>v a small serew b .M napsmg
tiir niuh a tiange upon the inside of tiie link, auii unuer the
plunk it«' If.

^ ^

/. y.

Fig 1 A A
it
P-

c-
b.b

c.c.

JAS TH()KI>i v^';--^
Uy berry Fhil udelphia i^«

'' I- iir .»

'{.[^'.,['" ""'"'' ^•' '' "rt! a r<^^t,onoft>u [ram- u-orkoj li
}f!x\ SI :t-„t('h.n,^^nUe Hniirnud Uor^f Foictr.

M am silltur timber of the power supixtrting the shafts
iMiul pulley upon one of the shafts.
-I mion or gmall gear upon the same shaft with pulley
-Converge or internal gear urx.ii the main shaft, and

working uiio and over the piuiiui.
—Main and counter shafts ../ p<.wrr.
—Keel. uivMi the m.ijn shaft, which supp^'rt the endlcM
Bourijig lu lu circuit, and carry theshaft.

(1

A. — Shows a se<*tion <if the pinion, which is a little Inrgrr in dnm-
rter than the last— the teeth of which are rpieyrlo\ilai in
form— as are thot^ on the links working into them— wtuh
IS ackuowbdjted by all mechanics and engmeefS to Ix* ttf*
strongest and most perfect form of teeth and works \>,iih
Icn frictioa and wear, as the driving surfaces preaent to t at h

^.^i'.Is ■^'.i

''m

'i^M^M

64

at)VKRT!sI':mi:nts.

Ma

other a rolling, instead of sliding friction ; this kind of teeth,
oa account of their ronnd«d form, work iinich deeper into
each other, and have littleor noinclmnilnM toiitt .ml -.f ^M-ar.
The lust cut shows the construction of the trurk wtict-is,
which are 1' inches larger indiiuneter,an.l revt.lveon larger
circles at the ends of the power— givniK' Mmmh :m MdvantHt,',;
over the smaller wheels. A section of a linU is shown wiUi
the end of the tlcM)ring attached ; these planks are all one
inch wider, and consequently wear up hy use much elost-r,
before bending or breaking under the weight of the fiiuimils.
As a Rack and Pinion Power, the latter has every advantage

ITIGIILY IMlMtoVET) ESTATES AND VMU4
liLE TiMBEll LAM),

On linear J'Un(\s Rirrr, Ft S'de.

THE undersigned i)rcvent»M| by ciiKit^tiii.iits, rc(iuiring hit un-

divulfd attfiilion elsi- when-, from rrbului^; m, tus «'8tate, will lell
pn!)licly, lunlcsH j)rfVioU8lv sold privati'ly, of which due notice

over the ccnnmon kind in use; ifl urumfactiiPMl at a Uss cost;

is equally strong and durable, and is more ea«ily handled, as

its weight is some two hundreil pounds less.

Fitherof the above kinds of powtisare otft-r.-d to the pni.Iif,

each upon its own nu-rit, with a full warranty as to workmanship,

niuterial and operatnm, (and with a guarantee of right of using in

all parts of the United States.) snluect to l>e r.-tunu-d withm hree

,n,,ntl,H-aii.I piurhaRc moncv refun.led. For prices, iVc, see llius-

tialcd Cataloguf, hinuslo-.l gratis on application, .jr by mail.

The first on the list is the highest in cost, and is toimd preferahle
in all casrs, and under all (.irciiinstanc-s. The power of the re-
v<dvin.' plaltorin l.fiug applied t.. the main shaft, by means of reels
With larger diameters than the piiii-uK iih-mI m the Hack and 1 iii-
Kiti Powers, tlie stress upon the s.vi'ral parts is in noway a« great
—mid the liability of wear or breakage, from use or accident, is
removed. The whole of the g.ann^- consists of less than one sev-
enth the numl..-r of cogs in the Rack aii.l I'mion Power ; and these
are wholly r.-mnve.l from under tlie horses to the outside of the
poArer-|-ree from dirt, dust, \c, and alw.vs easily k.-pt m order
or cleaned, which is an advantage over all Rack and Pmion I ow-
ers This power has also the advantage of the changing of force
and veh)city to acccmim.Hlate it to any variety of work, w'th-'Ht
anv additional cost or danger t(. the gearing or other parts. \Vh.'.n
th- main shaft runs but fifty six revolutions per minute, the diame-
ters of tiie gearh aie aueh as to increase or .^ : -: . '■:■'■ ■■■■■[ '.
to two hundred and twenty-four, or as slow«s fourteen revolutions
per minute, whenthe animal, ^either horses or oxen.) walk buttv/o
miles per hour-being nl.out two thirds the travel which is neces-
B'lry with the Rack and Pinn.ii Power to produre the same elfe't
This last fact is one of its principal features, and of the greatest
importance to the farmer. The i,'earing, ns well as pullies and
couolings, allagree. andean insl.uitiy betransposed— each to each.
uud side to side In this power the centers of motion of the gems
are always in the same positi.m to each ,,(her-reqniring no enard
or binding truck over the chain above the pinions, t.. keep the
cears together, as is absolutely necessary with all rack powers,
and which serve to check tlie force of the power; and as the dn-
vmc faces of the teeth on the rrvck become worn olt. the loss of
force increases, until they eventually stop, break, or slip by each
other The lengtli of the sections or linksof the chain, as also the
width of the planks of thetloorinir. are same as in the Improved
Rack Powerlast described. With the aliuve advanta-es t'tre her
with the epicyclovdal formof teeth, a.lnpted this season m its cnn-
Btruction, the superiority of this power i.sr.-a.lily seen

This p(»weriaadmirably adapted for driving Threshing Machines,

Circular Saws, Cotton Gins, as also M:u>hine Shops. Klevat.irs
Ferrv R')ats, Discharging and l.<.adiiig vessels. Pile driving. Crc^ss
cut sawing I'umpim?, Grinding Grain, Churning Ibitter. Cutting
H'lv -tnd Sfa'ks. Sh-'lling Corn, CrindiniT Aj^iles, .Vc. The angle
of elevation necesnary to operate this power, is never ijreater, but
often less than either of the others here described and which is
insi.le of one and a half m.dies to the foot, with hi)rses wrighing
!()!)(» n«und8 eacli, :ind without anv h.irness. It has also an ndini-
rihle arraiK^ement for adjiistintr and tiahtening the chnm, not po.t-
ses^fd hytiiiier of the ntli^r^—\oir,.i]n-T with an improved brake for
BtoppiHn the whole instintly-all within the power and independ-
ent of the band and pullies, and does not re.piireto be changed,
when C'lus and pnt'ips inav be The pulley used for threshing,
with this power, is hut three ftet diameter, to etfect the same as a
four feet wheel with the rack and Pinion Power.

In all cases the shafting of all machinery mmnf^ctured liyus is
madetornn in Babbetted Roxes. they beinir the uK^st durable and
perfect box in use-and not generally used by other manufacturers.

Albany, New York, April, 19-)2— 3ra

II

, . , . e notice

will be giveii.i hefore the Holimgi'rook Huf-i, m the city of pf.

tershurg, Virginia, at 1 1 o'cloek, on \Vcdne8day, the 26th day i.|
May next, without reserve or regard Id weuther, that valuahle
body of liighly improved aralde and heavily tiintiered Innd, extend-
ing up the north side of James river, from the Chickahomony nv.
er, 111 the county of Charles City, Virginia, alxnit 5 iinlfg, y,r[\
known under the general design.itK.n of SAM)\ Point. Tim
estate lies 3'2 miles below Petersbiif.;, 4.0 miles btlow Kiehniond,
and about ti.'i above Norfolk, in what is justly considered the fmd
and most extensive gram gtowmg regimi ..f Vir^Miaii, and ni
iiealthyaB any on tidewater. Spring and well water ahuiui;ii,t
undgo(Hl. The whole tract contains 4,404 acres of uiigiirjxiMtd
natural (jua\ity,of which '2.1HI have been thrice Imied.aml ir.^ n. w
in a high and successful state of cultivation, upon the live Held r...
tation, with more than .OiM) acres well set in clover The halaiic«
chiedy in wimk! and timber, embracing a body of kmiuc oi the heit
timbered land in Kasterii Virginia, convenient to good uaviKHtioii.
Marl abounds on the river, and Stone Lime of excellent iiualiiy ii
G l-*2 cents per bushel.

The sub divisions are as follows—

Til F NKt'K— contains 0S4 acres, .').')l limed, eh»vered, and ins
high state of cultivation; 10^ in wood and tiirifier, and2'4 meaduw
or marsh land well meadowed and recl.iini.i''!e at small expfiisc.
A valuable winter Fishery belonv'S to this farm. HI ll,l)|.\(j*_
A small new frame dwelling, smoke house. iie^T.) liouscs, »tabl«
and large barn, with stationary horse power ;ind shelter.

T nWKR TI'niXGTON— <ontain8 J^^l acres, .ViO limed, clover-
ed vV c *2y2 principally in woou ann louber, aiiu ai m rcelHuualji«
meadow, lill LDINGS— A new frame dwelling with 4 r-Him«aiiii
a passage, negro houses, u largeand well arraiig.'d barn, with lU-
tionary horse' power ami slialier ; two large stables for horses, ox-
en kc, extensive hay hon>c and spacious and well arratiffcJ

1,000 AC. FATS AV ANTED.

TIIF life of I/ouis Kossuth fiovernor of Hungary, with notices
of the distinguished Men and Scenes of the Hungarian Revolution.
To which is added an appendix, containing KoKsnth's Address to
the People of the United States ; an.l the most imp..rtant of the
addreBBCS, letters and speeches of the preat Mncyar i hief Ry
P C I'eadley, author of " Life of the laiipresfi Josephine 'Life
of Lafayette," etc., with an iutroduetion by Horace (.reeley. In
one eleeant 12 mo. volume of 401 pp , with an accurate steel I or-

trait. Price $1,25. , , ., i i ^

*** The publishers confidently believe that fnmi tlic alnm<lant
materials in the poBBCBsion of the author, together with his well
kuownability,thathisRiography of the Great Hnnc'irmn Cbie
will not (Uily be complete in itself, but well worthy to be ranked
with the other popular priwluctions of his pen.

pf B —Agents wanted in every county in the iMiited St.Ttes.
rnot already occupied,) to s ell the above popular woek It is br-
lived that almost every reodtnff family will be glad of the opportu
ritv of possessing the Life and Speeches of the noble Hungarian.
Bueh isth« present indication from the unparalleled sale of the
work Address, DKRRY A MILLKR,

publisher I of Popular BooWb, Auturn, N. Y.

Match, 18:i2.

bn'iltlings, for tlie protection of wagiuis, carts and all farming
utensils. &c.

I'PPI'R T]'niN<^">TON— the Family Residence. Contains 757
acres .'i'J-J limed el. y-r.-d. \-c.. 2>y prineip.al y m wood and tim-
ber and 14 in rerluiiiiiMe meadow. RCILDINGS— acomm<KJi<.ui
wooden dwelling, lar-e two storied kitchen and hiniidry. ice hnnic-
new and spacious carnage house an'! stable, servants houses 4c.
Ac Also a new Ram. part wood and part bru k. with 4 fioori,
8()bv > feet.ind a wim,^ :W by .')() fee. with bone, p nst-r snw ami'
cnstmillB In the barn there isalltthe necessary ni.uhiiiery fo
threshim^ and winnowiiur wheat 8lielli"g 'ind K'nmling eera and
sawing timber, all etfcctuaiiy driven by a IC horse power stationa-
ry .nc-ine in complete order an.l condition A lar-e orchard stm-l-
ed wilh every variety of l-ruit, in successUi' bearing is attached !•>
this faim.

rPPFR QT'ARTFR— contains P^r, acres, Mr> limed, cloverfd.
.^r o<)()nnneipally in wood anil timber. lU'll.DlNG^A ••n».i
frame dwelling, kitchen, laundry, smoke house, netro houses, uara
with stationary horse power and shelter and stable. .,,.,,,.,

Each of the above four farms has a river front, wit - «"' J-'f^
at which wharves can be erected cheaply and coi.yenieii \ ^
sired. To -UppperTedmgton," within Y'^^ [^'\''\fl,C.h x'^
longs anew, commodious and substantial ^^'''''^' "V^'^ ''' ^ ..^v
larzest size vessels lie, steamers, sea and nvei, T"'""^^^ .: ,.
frequently oftener, plying between Petersburg, Rnhin*'".'h •
folk, Raltimore, Philadelphia and New York. .

In addition to the above described tour <^''""^ "' V Mnber -^nd
wood land thereto attached, are the foll.nvinn ^aar.!).. t ' ^^.^.
wood lots eligibly situated, convenient to ";'V'»^'*V'";. V^.rribea :
make farms as desirable and productive as those a,.o%L -u.

No 1. containing 'Jl') acres; No 2, 19:1 acres; No. 3, 2Hacrei,
No 4, 'J'2.{ acres; :md N<« .'), 117 acres. iK^.hnWth*

Mr Nicol, residing at S.n.dy Point, will be prepared to show i^_

pr
t

plats of e.ich subdivision have been prep,... ;,„ imniediatflT

nspection. Possesssion of the timbered lands «'y 'V* ,„ pf,v,-
at-ter the sale ; of the farms nt the end of the year, sn itl' tl.t p
lege previously, of fallowing and seed mif ^''"'7-. ,_^:,, <;ve eq^l
TFRMS:-Kor the farms, one-f.fth •'^s*' ^*'.'; ''^''?;;'^X t^mherril
annual instalments from the 1st January, 1^ '' y ■' „n,,ual ni«ta-
binds, one-third c;.sh. and the balimee in three •;'!' '\' "" ' „tand
ments from dav of sale The credit pavments to lu. r i ,^,^

t,, be secured b'y de.-ds .and bonds, or n.ites Wltll.TPro^e^^

Mr. Nicol, residing at S.mdy Point, will be V]^^^/^^^^^' llZr^,.
property in my absence, and a particular and thoroign ^^^^^^^^
tion is invited at any time previous to the da\ oi . .i e ^^^. ^„f
plats of e.ich subdivision have been prep.ired "■''•»[!,„, .,»„ir

or endorsers.

Petersburg, Virginia, Febrnarv. 1^''^

ROR'T H HOI 1 I^'-
^•PANNILL * SONS, A^'

ALl)^:ll^EY and tmi>iiovei) sttokt iiokn

CATTLE,

THin:F tlHUough bred Aldenw. nCLLS. ^I'^^^^'^'^'j^J'"^

months old. raise<1 from the choiccKi '■ni-rfed rtocK^.^ ^^^^^ ,,g

thorougli bred yoiUig

froin the choi-cKi inii'orfed

vh.Tt horn Hups, ten months old. "" ^ ^le
the farm of Mr T I' Hemincton. near »^»^''«'^«jph^^^^^^ of tO'

by AARON CLFMENT, Agent ^''^^^^''J P"[^5,'i'^?„j"; X-
proved Btock, Cedar street, abore 9th street. Philadeipnw.

February 2d, 1852.

iNMLlf

vol. 2.

LANCASTER, 1>A. .WXE, 1^.)3.

XO. 3.

s. s. ii.\ij)i:>r.\x, >
A. M. .sea.\(;[j:k. \

EiJjToRS.

The Xext Stafe Fair.

Wcaroimi'li Lri-atitioil in licim:; aMo to annniincc
•:i:it th»» Executive Committt'o of tho .'^taio Au^ridil-
uiral Sociotj have aeceptol llio proposition of the
Mizens of Lancaster, an<l determined to \\>>\A thesec-
nlanniialState Agriculrui al Lxhibitionin tho vicini-
ty of our city. A more siiital»lo jiluro oouM not havo
U^en selected, .ml wo liavo un doul.t that tlio choice
will givo j;('neral sati.<l;icti.>n.

1 lie site havin<5 been agreiMl upMii, tho next duty
I'^vuh-int,' upon th.- IViond.s of tho Socioty and ol' A --
■I'ulture generally, i.s to .M.inid tho iMto of propara-
■•■■»■ and o;ot things ready for a -rand di^jiliy. 'Idio
annual Exhibition of th(> Sorioty l.oin- a matter of

! II I'. 1 A Ji M J 0 U R .\ A L. p-y'^^ndyandol^.n-vatiun h;i. loarnod to uwlv^i.md

and prarti.-.dly .apply tho ^.ro;it fnnJaniontal priiu.'i-
ph'.s uf husbandry, and by ivpoat.-d o.xporiniont.s do-

niMnstratod tho f nitlifuhio.^ ,,f hl^ iTivo>.t;.r..f ;,,„ j

researrh, has \i\< roward not moroly in nbnndaneo
hiin^oir, but in tlieconsciousnes.stli.it ho has bor-n
laliorln- f.r tho o-ood of his f.ll.,w. al^o. Sii.di nioj,,
artnatod by suol, prinoi, ,],.., ar,. thn.o ^v>,,, -oiiorally
stand 1 romost in enterpri.ses of this kind, and who
i>y their noble example stimulato all witliin their in
fluence to renewed exertion, and ihii> pas,,, the way
for abiindaiK'o an^i liaj.pin-'ss to tluai-.ands.

AUiilo. tlierolort', wo aro h'd to iiopo ;i,,d ]„.n,.ve
that at tiie comin- Kxbibition evory OMunrv in tho
comniunwonlth will bo well rof.rosrnto.j ; wol.M.k f.r-
ward with no ios^ anxioiy tn tho pndti .n whio), Lan-
castor NMJl Monipy in tho conto.st with hoj- noio.|,},,,rH.
^^ ith an alniist worid-wido rrputatiMn as an ai;riciil-

.■ner.»l ;r«^ , , ,, ,' • ,. . ' I ^ ^^''-i' ''"""bv — w 1 til f ho Kxlii bill. »n at hor VfTv (Jmu-h

DTalimportanee, should awakon a foolin<r of .r,.n- ,,.;,, , :, •,• , ,. ' ^^ '^""--"^

nl intorp.f Tl . 1 . • .• r I — ^Mth a I tho rosouroes within hors,.]t n.'ce.s.^arv to

ini^^rest. I ho oarnost dotormmation (;f evorv I . ii i i , • , . *

•I't and the untirin- onor^ry of (>vorv hand sh.iuld ' • • , , , ^

•■ directed to tho ],,.1,L1,. opj.,,, .,r ro'nderin. it, not ' '"'""" •^" ^"^-"•':-^-^- '•-'^--'l -"'" '"'•• -ill not h.r
-r^lj the .reatost Exhibitio; of tho kitid ry.r hold ' '"'"""' '--''— -^'i -'— ^trivo .ith all their
' iVnn.syli
nil

, '■noru'ios to maintain hor hi-h charaotor ? Will n^t

.>nani.i, iiut oMual to anv ovt>r held in tho i „ i ,, i • ., ,

n;ted States Tho o), ,e. t " i . r r I 'l-i''.-''^'''^ I'^•"^'■ t!':it m all rh.it i-lato. to hnu^P

-Kucs. ine eliaraot.'i- and staii'lim: of cur i, ii , , o ,

'""J"nwealthdom..T, 1 ti • i ^. . -i » ,, '^"''^ '■■"""J'bv tii-y are neat, ttisteful aiol indu^triMus ■

»>taKn aematia tin-, and fetate pride should i \\ ;ii . ♦. i . , .

r^nd to the demand ^^'^'*^ ^"^' '^'''^^'^^^'^ ^^'^ profession, confnb

-^laudahlo«,.;.u' c ^ .• -,, . , "to his ndte to swoll tho display, s,, th.it every doi.art

P^^nd to the demand

-^laudable spirit of oniulation will, we tru^t. pop
eyery section of tho State— emulation that oan-

i'le

^«, - -..H.V, Vlllltlll,l.l<>lk lllilL Villi

' '"'^•^ ^e a source of pure. rratifieat ion and rnioy
J '^'' ^^'"'J Strive to produce .sonu-thin- that will
advancement of tho laborious callinn; of the

•'Iller Tl • •

• A "•TO IS implanted in ovory true heart, an
"•■^^ ambition— a natural do.iro 'to exol. and to

ute his mite to swoll tho display, sn th.it every dopart-
nioniof useful an shall bu approjiriatoly r(>pnwpiitod *

l''anrv l''arniprs.

The leadin- objoi-t witli the lar;jj.^ majority of f.ir
mers, is, to make thoir profession profitable. Occa-
sionally we meet with on. svlio cultivates his I ii.,j

iken this * " " ) ^•^^''•^^ "'^ ^* mattor of rol.ixation .and pastlmo. (ban

:;ilohioo,l!I'r'^'l''''\ l'''^'''"^..'' "";; "!^ ^'"^ ^;''."" ^^''^^ '' ^^'■^''"'' ^^ i"-'-"'i^" ''^^ nioans; but suol, ,.;,..,

are exception-. If tlon, farming; is. as a t^cneral
thin*^, pursued with an eye to profit, a becooies a
matter of serious inquiry how this object mav !)o
most effeetually accomplished. One of the secrete
which lies at the very foundation of successful and
profitable husbandry, is strict Tncthod in all the opor-

^ ''jcct« contoni},!at d by the State Society. The
' " competition i. tia-M A n open to all. Ev means

^Ut*n o 1 *"

' >,f 1 "."^ K'^^Ji^'rings the knowledge of our most
^' 1^1 farmers becomes common stock— the prop-

■^^ lie who has succeeded in producing a

crop of wheat or corn than his neiirhbor— who

*s\-»*i .Yt,

r>n

EDITORIAL,

fJuNK,

IS52.

EDTTOT^T\L

aro

ationsofthefarm, coupled \\^ithuntinnn;onorjry and - ,

proper economy. '^^^« ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in a.ri<u]Pnal pwMications, that a prop'r un-

he who carefully matures l.s Pl-^ ^^ i; ' . ,^^,^,^,,^,,,^, .r tl. pn.iso «ense In ^vhi<.h tL ar.
them into practice, we,gh.n, ..•U 1 ch^^A ^^ .^.^^^^^^^^,, „, ,^ ^,^^^^.^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^

profit or loss— who calculates as neaily.i. lu.iv he,
the results likely to follow the adopti.n, nf a pariuu-

lar system; or in other .vnrd-;, th. i-.nn.T v>ho con- ^^^^^^^_^ ^^^ ..i.-|.:irtnu-,it.. or^nni. nn<l Inorpvnio. '\'n-
ducts his daily operaUuns uiuhrshnuln,://!/, li<' i |> ^ ^^^ ^_ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ M" <>r.rani. matter, is indud.d -ill siirh
who has fallon upon the patlnvay U. success. is ! ^^^^^^.^^^ _^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^^^

amusinj; at tiuu-s to li^ton to the self-s.itisiuMl proj.cl.H ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ p..,n.,l,.n." Thus th. bodi.s

or,n<M.,u!iuiiavin- l,.M..ni(MV('arira of (.tlu'r puiMiits, ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^.^^ ^nhuals as wrll as tli.-lr d a.l carra-s...
ln.,k to farmin- as the last hope— tlio ^''^'^ ^''Y'"^' i __.ui plants and th dr rrniains are t- ]„• n-anW as
ui.-u-l. promises rrwardwluMi those already tried liavo ^^.,^^^^^.^. ^^^.^^^^.^^ j^^^^.j,,^ ,,,,,,. I,,,,, //,., ,,„^o/7rr€

usimI a^ricullurally, may ])e of service to some of our
readers.

All form^ (.(' i!iatt»T may hvj divided into two groat

failc<l Thoy speak of it with all tho confidence and
ac^suranrr ..f m.Mi ^vho<o wli..lo lives have been spent

or«^anic matter, havin<; «>nee Ix'fii ///' s<<itofHft.—
Any thin<!; ])rodu('ed hy the UL^cney ciliNinj iiKittor,

who e ives have ueen ^^pe^L "^ , ,• , i .i ■. ii.„

^^" ' properly ])elon;^s to tins cla^s, wh.'th- r it .xhibits a

in tillin- the suil-promisin- to themselves and their , ^.^^^^ J ,i,,,,t,,rc, as in the lihps . C plants and th.

triends sueh re.ults as veteran l'^''^^'''^'^ "''^-^'^ ^^^^™ | ,,,,^^^^ or wh.th.r, a> in the bodio.

look for. With th.m, raruun.i; is the business ot a , ^^^^^^^^^^,^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^.j^-^.,^ ,,^^^,. un.ler<;one decay.

dav. They talk of en-a-iu- m it, as men talk ol ; _^^^_^ ^^_^^^_^_^^ ^^^^ ,vid."nees of Mnetiir. niaain. IV

putting on

talk ofen-a-in- m it, as men taiR oi ; ^^^^^ .vle-re no evid-au-es of Mnetiir. niaain. IV
M.eweoat, and without further rellection ; ^^^^^^ venetahle sul>

chan<;e.s whieli various animal and vegetable sul>
stances utiderg!>, v.'hc'> ^Mi.M/ot..,! t,. (iifferent pro-
cesses, su(^h as ^urnin,L^ distillation, fermentatiun.

invest'their monrv in lands-plun<:e headh>n- into
the mazes oi a-rieidture and.n a tew years waKe up

to the mortifyin- conscloUMie>s of havin- most ^7';^;, ,,^,^ ,j,,,^,,,^. ^, ,,.-,, ,.i,;^,,,..,,, ;,. ,,r-anic matter.
errreo;iouslymi>tak.«n their ealhn-. Su.-h is the briet , ^.^^'^^^ ^^^^_ ^^^ _^ ^ J^^ ni'^r/nnir uu^Urv is included "the
history of thnu.amlsolioolidi men---men ^vho 1^=^^'' ! ^,,j-,| ^.^^^s and ^^iN, tie' atin>..^ph.re, the waters of
never thought it worth Nvhil- to m-pniv ^^h^tlM•r any , ^^^^ ^^^^^ and oceans ; everything which neither is nor
thing m<»re was requisite to constitute tleni success- 1 ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^.^^ „

ful farmers, than a eortain nundn-r of acres oi land. ^^^^ _^ ^^^_^^^^^ ^_ undrrManding of these terms much
and the necessary amount of stork and ^^''l'^^'"^''''^^- ^i,.^^' ^^ jVe.juontlv dinieuh of comprehension to the
Itis to suchfancy farmers as these that agneultura . ^^^^^^^^^^^_ ^„^.Uill,d^ in senmllie t-rms will at uncc be-
literatnre owes many of its opponents. Possessed
ofneither practical skill or .iu.lgmrnt: with a shadow

,.o,no p.M-hvtlv plain. r»iit ii> attempting thus te
rendrr tlelr tVue meaning as cb-ar as is possible ui
the hriof drfmitiMos we have given, we have no de-
sin" that in-iuirv sh.uM r^M here. Kvery agricultu-
rist should und.a-tand, ict , ,nly the difference b<^

1 • • 1 1 V,. ■ 1 ,M' he shouM

tween or-;anic and morgame matt. a . '' i' '''.■'

smattering of book km)whMlgr, th.-ir inllatcd boa-s^t-

ings of what thrv intend dning m tin- tirst place, their

spasmodic efforts to make good th.ir boastings in

hesecond plae.«,and their cmpletr failure in the third

place, aisgusts the practical farmer, and ^^^'^^^^^'^ \^^^l^^^ what are tb

to underNalue the advantages which ^'^ ^'V ^'<'^^^^''''^;;- j ^.^,,^,,ituent parts of animal sub^tan.r<. hut of every
the scientific with the praetical, might reah/e. Jo , ^^^^ cultivates. If this were the case, ^vhe .^

thos. ^vho are dosirous of adopting farming as ^M ^^^^^^.^.^^ ^^^ ^.^^i,,,,,, ,h, jegre. of perfection to wlm^^
profes.on. w. bog b-ave to say, ponder the suU,ec , \J^^.^^^^^^^^ ^,, ,.,i,,u,,. ..i.ht b^ brought I An
well before you unaortake it. Diseard the nlea that ; ^^ ^^^^^^ ^. ^^ ^^^' ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^.^^^^ ^^,.^. ^^;i5i^.^ to dcvot*' a
every man is fitted to 1- a iarner. If you ^^'■" ^^ ' .,^; , . , „^, ^.,. ^,,.„ hap-^ni h^nr M' each day to the

every

methodical habits— economical— industrious and per-

Bcvcring; if you are possessed of an inN.stigaung
spirit, anxious to know th.^ why and wh.a-ofore— the
cause' and eft'ect of ihings tran>piring around you
daily— if you feel that having put your hand to the
plow you will not turn baek a-aln. then farming may
suit you. If you possess not these qualilieations,
t^ike our advice and turn your eye in some other di-
rection, for there is no pursuit in which an indolent

ow.gle hour or e\. n half an h"ur "t
accpiisition of sucii lUNaluable knowledge.

t'uirulio or IMum Uecvll.

So f^u-miaable have beeoneMhe ravages of h^^

sect, that nuinywlcMbrnmrlyeuh.vated the d^^^^^
varieties of plon..aprieots..c.J.au> been 0^1^^^^^^^

to abandon them entirely ^ 1 1 t i n3 slu I an^^^^^^

r , t ,.ru-t'eal le'Ttieuhnnsts has IH«-'

|uM.a,vl in efforts to exterminate Jn pc. I, i

rection, lor there IS no pui.M.n .u >..>..-. |HMiiled m eltorts lo r.x,. ^^ .thoWONV'

pleasure-seeking, unmethoaieal, merely th.v.n-tical 1 j^^^ ^^^.^.^^j-,, j^,^^ (,i„„,phe.:l. We^n.-u. lu ^^^^ ^^^ ^
man is BO little likely to succeed, as that of agrioub ^ j, ^^ hually ^'verconnng this ^'''' '\ ^^

ThUean 1 e d-ue onlv by repeati d IM
^'""" w ;• ned efforts on the part of those w

^"^ ^^' '1 or Z likely t. suffer from their attack-
ave suiloredor arciii^v^ij

a^ The importation of Guano into Great Britain
amounts to ten millions of dollari annually.

nn
hav«

We arc

led t^ believe that the cause ui tbt r*i

fi7

iucrea*c uf ^hc curculio is attributable less to the dil-
ti-uity of destroying it, than to the fact that C(mipar-
Atively few person.s are familiar with its appearance
aud still fewer with its destruetl\' habits.

Every spring their p.ium and apric<d trees t^ive
premise of an abundant yield of fruit. Little sus-
pecting the enemy that is lyiiiL' in \\:\\\ f.r i^, rliey
ui»e no precautions, and in a |. w weeks after blos-
>..ming, have the nn)rf ili.-arinn > 'f 1 chi dlin- t ho vounir
fruit rapidly decaying and falling t* th- -rnuu.!. Th.'
mystery is inexplieahle. Th" trr^ i> tln-iftv a.-ei
vi^'orous, the exposure fx.-ellerir, and evcrv thin'j- as
it should be, \ri the fruit perishes Ixdbrc thev have an
oppertunity .^f knowing either its -{/.,> ,,r (jualif v. \\'f
k'lievc diit if a knowle<l;:.' ,,f tl,,; app.aranee and
Laltits ot this insect were nior.' thonai-hlv diflbsed.
w." should eventually sue. -erd in (ir\ i>ii,^ SMun- plan
'.y which to evt-rmmate it. For the purpov,. ,,1' ;ild-
iu;: those who nj.iy not h;i ve seen the caii-euli.. wc -iv<'
aeutefit, with a d-M-i-iption an 1 m inner ..f attaek-
in;; fruit, from l>r. Harris' oxcfdhni w^rk.

"i have luund these beetles a- -arlv as
Y ^1i'^ thirfi. fh nf Mar.-h, and a-^ lato n^'rh"

inn. a large wide-mouth, 1 hottlc or ..ther tbrht ves-
Hel, ami be thru . n hao the fire. All the falb^i wor-
my plums .honld be imme<liately gathere<l, and afu^^
hey are boded or steamed, ., kill the enclosed gubs
thev may be given a^ f. d r , Mvlne.'^ ^feruos,

^^ hen vhnulil Vsp.ir.igiis !,<> (',,1 ,
\ k the market ganhmer, aiirl he will t.dl you, that
it ^huald be cut just when the crowns are prufru'.linjr

from tbesurfaceofthegroumborhaverisenaboveit two
-r tlii.'o inches ; aisd a> n.;n- u, •!,.,

A-k til' 01;) iorit V . .f

'I a

1

i" le';n- t

^'-''^ ^''" l"-'f"'-"Oeenv..r ta^t-^. ar<d who lKUe"n,?,,.r
I-rhap> had the M,,p,.rt unity ..f r...rin- th.- nerits ..f
the -re.-n kind. I and thev wilL, .,nrid,' wit !, the -ir-
''"""''• _ TIn'-ird.a. a-pursn,-. this j,|a„ !,.,,, ,i.,. jT^.n-
ah!e> him to M;];.r a rrally b-autihil \.-.ta!.l.-, : uhif.'
''■""> '"!' ^" ''■t^^m.and wy salrffhlr. jlu' u^k
til'' m ; 1 n \s\\n 'j'w ,■< t a ■< t < ' tie
-ii:ht. ar.d !!■■ will t-!l \..u tha'
never be cait but very littf. h. !,,w ih,, >urlace of the

^''■"'""'- ''"'•"' ' •'"• '^^^^mt season we have sent a
considerabh> .ji;

''■' hrence over

I'l'it;. to market, rrmsultbt- j-uMir
tenthoi .luno, aiel at vaiious jni.r.nedi i ''^"^>- ^^ " ♦''idcavured in ha\eit a.s nicely bieaeji.i ,i^
ate tunes, ;,,•,., ,,-,lin- with the f-rward- ' possible, and aec(U-din_dv -ut it a> nio> h b-dou- the
ne.ssur haekwardne.^.of Ne;^etaiion m th- ...rface as we could.

spring, and have fVeiiuently caught tlein

Ibit for our own tal»]e we per-

'^ I ^ .>l.i ill-, luiu iia\e ire(iuentlv caught th-m -,-,, , ..... "- |M.t-

/ C flying in the middle of the dav. They ' '"'^ ^t to grow to a height of mix or seven inches above
an- from ;b2nth to l-r)thof an inch long, exclusive of ^'r<»und, giving the st.'ms suffi(ient exposure to the

lia! t

•r.lll, ;iJ-

line

•vlme ochre-yellow, and ld,,k. d'h^ (h,,,,., , ., ,,.....
^n: the wing-eovers have sev(>ral short ridc^es upon
'••'in those on the middle of tl,.' h.uk f..,M"ire' two

t'Mdcrable lium].s, ..f a black c»dor, b hind u hich

•I'mMsa wide hand of o.hn-vellow a.ei white.-

^•^;<'h of the thighs ha^twn inti. terth .a. th. under

"i'\ ^'"'V hf'^'n to sting tho plum> as ..,<,n as the

;ruitis8et and, as som.- sav, <-nntinue th.-ir oiumm-

p till the tiiM.f August.' Aftor makn.,a>uita-

• l'""ctnre with th, Mr snouts, thev lav -aie ..... in

:;Jj;^^;;^}^^n^^^Uu^^.:,nd^n.u^^U.:^ruU .n^th.

'" »^<sway ui,t,lth.arstnroi.,.x|::n,^

'^rith,,.,.n^,...t> ab.und, n.t a plum wdl rsrape

uSr'"7c- '''— -ntati.oarl.n^ tnau these

^^^^.,andh.omtho.nawing..Mhegruh. after

e hatched cau.ses the y.,ung fruit %o become

' m.u diseased, and finall v to drop off befbro it hs

Cnrt-^^ft^rthefrui, falb. I urr„ws into the

■-nHddiod'^,;"^^^^7''; ;^' .,,,.,,.,„„.., ,,,^,^,^.,^

•alittlm *'''■''''' ^"■-"^'- ^^'"i. iu the space
- ^t2u^^V'' 'rT^^''"^^^^^^'^ '"^*J ...a...,ut of

'i:-esto. "^''""^•''";'"^' '^^^^^ remedies that have been

•'"«^of tL "r ^"^"^'^ """'''^ ^■" ••'"•^'king the rav-
•:ako. 1^' r!">n-weevN. I., ,h. tre.s ]';;.

!'iat Woody {lhr-u-> n;ai;

so

t u cur\ed snout, which is rather longer than the atmosphere to become -•• , r, and then mf if *T
-'iTii.x, and IS bent n.-id-a- the hrea>t hrtwcen ih< 'M /i r t, " ", ■ iru.i,.N,.n

:'r.. legs, when at rest, ; ^^'''' ''"' '^'''^''''- "'" '•'-'l' '^> ^

Theircolorisadarkbn.wn.^a^l..at..d widi .potsof' V'" '^-'""'"^

characteristic of tie- white r], ar portions— thev c<,ok

temh r and possess the true asparagus flavor. As-

paragus i.s fit for the table so h»ng as the crown has

not <"xpan hd. Il' any td' uur r.atd.r., arc skeptical,

1' t tleaa trv it.

Smut in ^\ heat.

Mk. KniToi; : hi lookin-ov.a- sMni.; ..f th-' hark in;in-

h'TS ( [' tlie .1. .Uiaial. I (diSr!-\ cd

i n j; - n 1 n

effectual, 1 think it alfi'-i thrr t.^, tr^aiM,

l-ri^-klv

n d I ■ \ , •

in the

lUKen or SI I ' ) • " '

■'H" durln li"' .^^ •'•^'■'■'•'^ ''^''^-V niorninga

^^■^^^n thusCu^.V""^-^*''^ '" '=0'iM^' thier eggs.-
. J ^^ ''''^'^^urbed thoy contract their legs and fall;
'»^vlawiv^*i '^ n^»t immediately attempt to fly or

'^JerthoL /'"^y ^^ caught in a sheet ^peard
Uie tree, from whic

h they should be gatnered

'''srr\.,| an arti. d-. rninaaai-

'" ^^'"^^*- ^^'i''!" f!i" r. nedN may 1,.. vrry

"' 'inc. \\ ^^
have a remedv in our eounf'. \\h;,h i i,.,

known to fail, although iUs inerii lias been tested by
a gr(ait many farmers as well as myself.

1" ■'■ l'^'' '"'i-le'Is .d" wln.aT. take one iuurfh o| a
pound of Mi;- \l[i'A, and a-^ mudi water as widl d's-
solve il. Sterjt the wh-at in tin's s,,|nr;, n. ,■:■ -f r- id
it on the hirn floor aiid with a hru.sli or wisp of
straw, sprinkh; the solution over it. Jiako it thor-
oughly, so that every grain is uioi.stened. Let jf |j^-.
in this way for twelve leur-, and it will be ffa^K t >
sow or drill as well as if it had never been n.olst, j . '
li any of your readers doubt the efficacy of thin re-
medy, they can satisfy themselves by tostino- it on a
small scale.

PlIILir IIUSBAM).

Somerset, Pa., May, 1852.

■MV''>;/»-

68

COMMON ICA'iloXS.

»r »««***■*'*•"■*••*•■

(iloinmumialioiiiv

ritlicr sido of the <|U<*<ti'>Ji, uii'l tlitit r.r ni v OTi t art
i <1(. iu;\ coincide %\it!t iIm- 8up[x)rter8 of eith< r.
I'hc th<".>rv t!i;it 1 Imvc a>Ji[iod is represented by

lilt" luliuv,iii;j; lunnulu

riilnriiK' I! \ <lr<»<i!;on.

T

Chloroliydric Acid

Oxy<^en Sodium.

^ , ■

Soda.

f

( 'li!<»rlii' , ,

llvdrn-vii, I ,. ( Chluroxid*' ofH vdrofion and

S(M lium, ! ^^

J l)cli('\(' tip' rt'sult of tiir mixtiirt' <il' iiiui iiticaoid

For the Fanii Jmirn.il.
Salt and Tdme MiNtiirr-l>rr..miM»Hiou ot Murk

etc.
Under the above caption there will )»■ lou;,d in the
May number of 1S52, at rage 00, of " Th- Workmg
Farmer." published at New York, uu.l r.\u.-\ ),y
Prof J. J. Mapcs, an article recominendins iin.l giv-
ing directions for the nKn.ola.tun- .,1 <Ur - S:,U an.l
Lime Mixture," -ivhich 1 i>. li.v,. nv:,- nn^rnuf. by

the learned livofossor. lb' nass, '■(■.."io.-on Salt i^ ^ ,„.,„,,- „.„..,,„

omposcd nf Cliliirini- and Soda, and when mixed | ^,.;i|| ,s,,da to b.'acoiii|«aiiid iinvbi(liii.'itlirr>-()dan.ir
with Caustic Linn', is chaiv^ri'd tu <'li!oridc of l.imc, ' ,vatrr nor Cldorolndric arid (>xist as su, h l.nt that
■i,,,! (•■u-l,onatc of Soda." U"' Hydrogen and Oxy-rn aro pf-^rnt in il,r , r,.p.,r

' <' The Lin... bavin- a stron-o>- affinity for fblorine tions capaldo .d' lormin- water, in th- «„,.■ w.,v ,|,:,,
than for Soda,^ n.n.bin.s ui.h it, ro,n.i„;;Cldo,.id.. of thoy -nt.rinto the ,-..n,,>..s.„on ol o,,a,n,. l.,.l„ .
Lime; the .soda be.ng se. fVoo takes carbonio a.id r.d that any such Uionn^aUhan,,. .:b,ak,. ,, la.
from iho atmosphero and b.,.on.o. Carbn-.^ateof Soda. , as dcsenbed by .be learned prolo.Mon, ,i ,> i„v pur

1 1 1 ;-^,.f ,1 i,^ 1. . ( 'iiciui^'-^ ;H not t>osp to controvert.

This rationale may be objoctrd to iv^ .»< nu >. .1 I j . , , .

otrictly in accordi-nce ^itli thr Oi.t.s as to ilu- ..np Chlnrino tukrs rank nrxt to oxv-mi .ntl.' scalo of

nal composition of tlu^ Salt, iVc, hut tiny uiii ail , ].,!,. ^.tr,v-ii.-ativo noauv-, an. i .^ou.uni as rc-cudd ChU
ac-roG as to the result, \Nhich is Nvluit tho larnirr rr- j,;,^.. ;, „^.„,^ ,.ltvtro-|»ositivo than ral.luin. Avhrrefor.>
quires' to know and we have thfidure a.loi^tcJ this ^^,,i,,^^ ^ 1,.^ an rxr-'ptio,, on mlxin;.- the nohuien ul
simple rationale." Mnriato of Soda or Chlorohydratc oi" tl. i>xi.Je...f

Without asreeinc^ or disagreeing with the learned Suaium, o,- if yon pr.f.r, the Chloride of bodium ti.

Clhi^h is a mootnd ,u..tion anv>n,st Tlionusts, \ ch.tnifal fl.an.o .houM y>e expected.
andi3Ukelysotocontinu.-),nor.lrrto],cl,("tt.'rundor- liut to ]>rin,Li tl.o niattor to a t.<t 1. t u. try the .'X-
stood 1 Nvin -ive both tho provalont tluM>n(>,s and ^HM-ini.Mit. Tak.> aNvin.; -lass an.l put into ,t a port^n
. '^ . ,1 • .- ...u- \ f iw.m ,• 1- i k;..k ;u .1 wolnti.iii (if thf oxide "i

\f

leave the reader to choos.' lor him^oU" lM-t\N.M-n thorn.

Chlorine Hydrogen. OxvLron Sodium.

, , ^ ^ >^ '

Chloroliydric Acid. Soda^ ^

Cliloroliv.lrat'' of tli-' Oxi.lo of Sodium.

Oxygen ny<ln),i2;en. Chlorlno Sodium.

AVater.

Chlorido of Sodium,

Chlorid.' of Sodium dis.solvod in \vator.

,»f llmo wator. wliirh in a solution of tlp' oxide -f
Calrium, add to this a p>rtion o^ common salt invo-
lution, and thr two will romain MiM-nd-xl in the wa-
ter, without anv poivoptihlo ohan-o. Wva says th^
learned pr.>fes..or, th.' soda will ah-Th ,nH-nicanJ
from the atmosphen' and become (\irh Miaf' of Ma.
Nt.tto wait this tedious ]>roeess of ab^-rpti-n. t:ik.':»
^lass tube and exhale your breath throu-h it mt.'
this li.iui<l containing the common salt and Hi ■ Imi-
The li.iuid will inun.Mliately becouv' turhi-l au'l '•
.precipitate will be found to l)e ( 'arhonate .t Lini|>.
By these formula the reader will perceive, that all ' and the Muriate of Soda, or connu.n .dr,nv.y c-
Chemists agree as to the constituents and thoir rda- taincd by evaporation, with not > ■ nnu ' >
tive proportions as found in common salt, and only of bme in it
disagree as to the manner in whicli they are arrang-
ed, "somc contend that tho Oxygen of the so.la com- ! a,.,. ,.,.. ... - . - .^,.,i^jti„n !

bines with the 11 vdro-ou of tht> muriatic acid and ; Muriate of lame, to th.. ot Ir.m .u > ' . .,,

forms water, and that the Chlorine combines with : Carbonate of S,.la, and he wi 1 h:u. .^ }^^^^^^^
the Sodium and forms a Chloride. Otlua-s contend Uvh.ch .ill be f a.nd t.. - ' ''',":'^ .,^,^,
that the muriatic acid is not decomposed hut com- 1 tie- Muri.to of Soda uiU nan is.
bines with the met.allic oxide and forms a true salt.

As to this moote.l q\iestion, I do not intend furthei
to discuss it, and ^^ill di-miss it, hy merely sayin
that strong arguments can be brought in support of

01 lime in n. . *^

\n,\ a-ain, let tbe oN].oriinonl.i- tak.' a wme?.-^

„„,,„„ i,„„ i, ,v sn.all .,uantitv.,r.l..-.o"';'"'';

' _ . , . , , 1 • 1,1 .1 ..• utien '

»^'

Tins latter is an example of .f>uM. elective attrac

tinn, ov complex atfniity
Carl)onateof Soda being I

rarhonato o

flini

and

♦Lime has no aflimty, (properly speaking) for S.ula. They are
buses ami both prctVr th.; ne<ialive pole. Either will form a
'ti-niuin quid' with an acid, l)ut when mixed they do not form a
lody, the chemical action of which differs from either of the m-

redicntB.

,„ixed».M jlorms^ M „,,.,; of &hU

Murlaio oi l.niio. I i • nf Muf

An,l apv,n let the operato._ to a ..utum • ^.^
ate of Lime .add Sod«^jmd_th^^

I«52.1

COMMrXTrATTOXS.

69

.if Soda on'l Lime. iri.m these exj.-i iiij.n;, wq

l-arn that liini' iia-^ a <;reator uffmitv j^.i- ('urhonic

;»,-id, than Soda ha^-, th.if S.' la iia^ ne.r-' ailiinty for

Muriatic acid luiin bini'- lia-. and t!ial S.xfi ha.--, uiure

;if5nity for Muriatic acid tiiin it h.i.s lur Carbonic

...iJ. Tliat the sum of tl.c di\.!l'nt affinities is

jp'ator than the sum ..f iho 'jwio-r.-iit a.fliiiiiies, and

;i(>refure dccompositiai ini!>t tak-- place — and that

vhcnever such a -tate ,A' thiii.'^ exists., th-i-c will he

.ti int^rriiange of constituents.

decomposed subs ances ih annually absorbed and
appropriated by the crop.s grown on the land. Kx-
cessive heat and cold aLM> promote the re<iuisite de-
composition of the soil. Fru.st serves to disintegrate
even the smaller particles of minerals ; an! ?hus,
when oxygon and carhi»nic acid have acted tberenn
from year to year, new surfaces and Iv^ h p .Uif. ,,f
attack become exj.osed and the pro<'es . f lisintetrra-
tionisrou.u..,!. if,,,,, .p.,-.'... in a diif.r. nt ukui-
''••'•^ 'ait ^Mtl, tho,<amo h.-nfiu-Jal nMih., It (xiam.i.
h "ii.h IS ;!ir <ai.ve,the < 'arhoinc acid (d' tho atmo^- all h.-difs, whcrehy tii-y he.-omo m .r.- liiUv r.x*,.,^ed
chore in the hanied Pro(<?ssor's process w.aiid ^r,, tn to tic act i^-n of (»xvi:ori and carl.-nif i.-iJ |
arae and nut to the soila. if a solution (tf coniniou diti,.() to thi-, <iurin"- a pcriiMJ ,,r nri.rf ,-f..,i }
^alt be pour<M| on (piick limo, there will he no (diange coiiipanjo,! l.y nn^istur.-, clcrnical .i.tiai 1-, '.•, .-..^ '.
th.Tthai) tliat the limo will deprive It of a portion and il.- process of .hM-,.nipo>ition i;oe.s on wi' i, '.l!.,",.^
f water, and if the mixture la- turned ov.t during : oran-d rapitjitv. It i< tli!< ,hv,.,a{" .iti,.., and .!l'^' 'u-
•ivo weeks, t.. .-.vpo^c it, to tic atmosph.-rc (as i.-. re- tf-ration -f [\r-^^,\\ whirl, i^ pr-motod hv fall ,vm,, r
^inmeiid.'d in the sair.e artitdr) tic ro.MjJt will lu- and if> e!h-.a^ ar.- rx hihit.d iu tho injpr,,., ,.1 rr<>Z

'^' '''■■ ' "' ' ■ ' ' ^^hich are pr.MJ, ,,.,., 1 ;d-f, r o\.rj ;i nak.-d falfov. JJ,it,

notwithstaii lih- tlii^ mauif.-r imprMV ..,n.(,r ,.Cti,e

liiita portion ui' the jiuje will he carlMniat^'d, and
"nse<|uently less cncrg(;tic when applic<l to the
md.

I ean easily sec tliat this proce§9, if it wtiuld h<dd
:""1 in practice, wtuild ho of imnen-o hem fit t(. th

iQtold amounts of outlay in tic purchase of Sulphu
I'ikid; and away uifh the necessity of calcination
vith Charcoal ; in other words, that it wouM make
k revolution in the modus operandi. Ibit to tic a--
•loulturist 1 cuMn't see it> value; of .-i t le-r of tli>-

son, iL wab iuuud ihal ihc product is grea'iv i/cr-a^-
'•d wli.'ii mamirin- ;> o. uihin.-d uii!, fall,, v. in/; :in i
a> increased conMmiph ,,i rti;.l,-r,.,] ,.r, ,nrr.;i... ,,f

:i.inufacturers of rarh<,nat<i (,d" Suda. and sase them I cr.e^,^ dt-Irafd.-, and cvpci. nee .vh.A\rd liiat llic

manure applied might be made available at once, it
became customary to cuhivate various plants it.
those fields. Thus the practice and system of culti-
vating what aro rall-.f fdf.w rr-p,., w.as ium-ducd.
I lid' r (iiis system lie' land i-> ujanu:-.".] jj, t ji,. wmfr
■.":;inalcompouioN \smuI,[ l.,- of a.-murh, if not niMi-o ^ and --prin-, and t!c cwhi\aii. n t-!' fie./ .T^.p at n-nlar
^iluetohim before, as after the piopo., d . h- mical intervals, is substitut-d m pho ■ ^f th-. ordinary lai-
'•in-ewas affected, and h>' vsould ha; c only hi., la- h>w ploughing- xs ii,r.!y the decomposition of the
vur for his pains. m.niun aid tio^ tli>iiii,.^Vation of the ..oil are ;dike

U. Dlioh r Hkou .NK. jpr.iH.a.d and .--'cur-'d. h uas turrii.a- tiiscovci-.d
'^yiiedd townsliip, Moutgomery c<>., l\i. j tiiat lai-.r .juannii.-. of manurr mi-ht !..• t im-- pmw-

dod ami appliod, he.au-c more f(.od was protjuced
and a largor ^t.M•k of cartlo »'..uld C(irc.-(juontIv he
supported, ddni. tic entiro srale(,t' agricultural op-
crati-.n- hocaim' cxtcndcij. idiough tic sv-tom ,,f
naked talluws ha> m con.sr.jUcFjco disappoarcd from
praolical culturo, wi' t>iioidd .-till l^e impress. •<! with
the im])ortaiicf .,1' it^ main ainl dl-tin;_oil.>!ii:i:: jea-
turo — til' i.ijuciit and tli(jrvn(j/i aturiiitf of the soil,
fur facilitat iiil; and [a-m.ainu^ ii> disinte<^ratIon and
dec«a;iptisitiiai. tiie henetits <.f wiii. h wrro n-'Ver
iicre (doarlv d'^/icn^traled than hv the fall, w -.v.—

Traiishited for th*' Farm Journal.
Agricultural C'heniisfi y, No. I().

^•utitiv nnt nnTely hy the application ,,{ manur--

■^•^nhos..il is to l,e replenishetl with matters suited

•f the support of vej-otation, hut lik<'wi<e hvthe^jo-

'■"npositionof tho soil it.^olf. ^vhid, i. grr.atlv pro-

■^'^^^Mand facilitated hy fallowing the land.* For-

^^"ry, naked fallowinn^ was more eommindy practised

;||^nit IS at present, it w,a.n-,>rt.'d to rogu'l.irlyevery

"'N year in course, with the dcM-u of p.rmlttin-

.. '^''' ^" '"'■'' 'iiid recover streiiL'th for futuro crop<,

^•^' ""i lallowing consisted \n plou.^hj,,^. tho find

'Jf"'U^hly three or four tinios at short intervals, du-

^^' the Summer, sometimes with and sometimes

^' »out ^jjQ application of mamir,.. That land so

'^•^•ited wdl 8oon, if not manurcf prodiieo imr. asod

^^•1|8, result. fr.,n, tie- f,et th.af the oxy-e„ of the

'■'""Sphere attack^ all the .substances with ulich it

'n contact, and the carbonic acid it prtMiucca

f th • ^^ **> by rendering many ingredients

'^. e «od more readily soluble. Thus^he decompo-

''^ of solid substances proceeds regularly and

^^^*ntly, though slowly; and a portion of those

t' in. Tho-.' Im'.m. ■!![>. ro-ult fro/n tic !• '!owiii_' prin-
ciplea : A great portion of the stono in the .soil i.s
composed of alumina witli v.irious combinations of
silicic aidd with ; >' t^;j Imie, s<»da, iron and manga-
nese. T!cse stones !ia\ing become di-int' grated
fiirnidcd tie- neif.o-i.aN for the cdav of tho •.,,1!. and
by the lurrher decomposition ot tic clav, tic alimen-
tal substances it contains, and likewise the silicic
acid, are rendered soluble and available by plants.
An exhaustion of the matters contained in the clay,
is certainly supposable ; but its decomposition pro-
ceeds 80 slowly, and the quantity annually with-

70

rOMMUNKWTrONS.

jJrifF.

1S52.]

<'( ).MMrM(\\ rioxs.

71

.4TT -inS*— ,aB»5iwnwi'*'*»<M^ **■

drawn ircomparativcly so mconsid.rablc, that thou- ..H,u,h t., recover tho,„ hy the ;;ra,hml operation „f

' *^ . , . 1 i^i _ 1 „, ~,.4^.,....l ...liana M , MH \\ 1 1 . • lOWOVPr. t h«» Ifinrl mir- Ka

prnlitiiMy (»r''U|>i

drawn IS comparatively so in^^'""'^*'-"-"-' "•" - ^ u i i

, „ ^ 11 lo ronnlrp.l to render tlio los^ naturM .au^es. .Mr;in\N liil., however, the land inavhe

sands of years would be required lo rtiiuti • • .i , ,.,

•^ . ,. ,, xi i. *.i . ..i..,r ,»,,ut ho rr»- ' ..v..rit., , V ..( . ui>u!d hvcroDS rcQUirinir other and ( if-

apparcnt. Hence it follows that the clay must be re

garded as the permanent source of the important ali-

mental substances required ]>y plants. The means

to be used for rendering this source active, are ma-

nnro ind tillan-e. And on thesc considciat i- »ns, also .,. • ,, . ,

mirc ana tillage. ..i.^v soils ^v.,W^v^\'u-M^A x-M\^^u.i\ -s-^^-n^ ^^^ r.^taMon. H.it thedecom-

is based the princiide that tieavy clay sous K.tjnin .

more frequent an.<1 i.pmm- tluM-ou-h tillarro than s,uui> i l , • ,■ u'

soils. Hence also, the obvii. us :\.lvnnla-."d plou-ti

«;,..i,K' .., . uplod Ijy crops requiring other and dif-
fer, nt cl'inriitury substances, such as the soil ypt
contains in sufficient abundance. Thus the proat
waste of time ainl lab^r incident to a system of na-
ked fillowing, iniy l)e obviated by adoptint: a n'j,^,.

h,^ such h.nd \n the tun, a. it is ther<'l»y cualded to
ab'sorb ninre water, and is lu.nv fully (^x|x.sed to the
actic»n of iVosL. Kqually iniporlaiit, likewise, is the
Stirrin'j, <>^ the soil .lurlo.i^ suniuicr, lMM-:iUS(\ l>y th(^
intluencc .>r ue,!. ture :in.l h<'at the .leeompcsition of

only by seh'rtiu;; tor eultivat'Mii -urh crops as n^-
(luire a ditrereiit aliment troni that needed and
witiidrawn bv those iireee.linr;:, but uNo hy rhooping
such as r.Mjuire tilla^*' durin*;^ tixlr trrMwiii. In ,
rotati n of cultivated crops, thcr.-l'ore, Wi- inuMt ii..t
only l)e careful to select plants r(M|uirinL' iiiirrodiont.s

int uencc t>l uen. ture :ina ncm mr o. > wi. .,...-. .. . , , , ,i i- i .

thrsoil is greatly {-Kilitatcd.Tl^ ,,,,. ,,,^/.lly this \lilferent Iromthose taken up],vthcpn.e,.dn,,M«ropW
the soil IS gi tat 1} .ni i i .... fi...f il...v .u-c such as will srcon- the prMnertillu''.

decomposition proceiMls, and the more thoron-lily it
is effected, th- more richly will the soil Imu-oiuc stor-
ed with soluble ingredients which operate as frtili-
zers. Decomposition, however, nmy also be promot-
ed by artificial meaus~:vs l^.r example, m um- c;i>c
of a clay soil,j, by the application of fresh burnt
lime.

Finally, we have yet to consider \\nw the alimenta-
ry ingredients of the soil maj 1)0 most advantage-
ously withdrawn, and so appropriated th;Li the par-
ticular cro])s which wc (lo^irr to cultivate, mny be
produced durin- tie- lon-e^t pcrioi!, in ,:j;reate-t .(uan-
tity and perfection, and without rc<piirin- renovati.^i
by the application of nianure. Thi< is to be accom-
plished by a rational system of mfation of crojjs, ju
diciously adapted to ih- -oil and the rlimate. The

sec that they are smdi as will secure the proper tillu'.
of th(^ soil duriu'j; the perio.l they oceupy tho laii'l.
and thus i^roniote the due disiiitegratiwii and det'iim-
l positiv>u of the soil. PmU in a r(^tatin^ c,f crops an-
other important point, besides, must be kept in view;
namelv, theditfcreut d(-rec9 of vegetative p)werpc<-
sessed by ]dants. 'f he t.-nderest plants, and such m
h;tv(^ tht^ smallest power of ii.^.'-iinihiti^ n. orof uh;*^»rl>-
tion by their rools,mu-i be enabled to find correspond-
ingly more abundant supplies of soluble matter in
the soil. This consideration, however, is of less force
aud im]>'U-tauce when the crops ^vo niltivate are of ;i
.jMH'ies po..cssing -rc:uer viLTor and luereascd pow-T
of assimilation.

Tn ;nMiti'>n to these general prin .iples of araiMi
al rotation, we n.u<t liave special reference in our se-

diciously adapted to the ,11 and ^ V ^ -'^T;..! " , -.ns, to soil, situatu.n, and climate. And to clu
chief principles on whndi.uch a ^N.tem:>lM.s, dan „,;,,.•,,!.. ne-rc lullv, the following

the fcdlcwin- : The various cultivated plants, in -m
oral, ropiiiv the same alimentary substanc(>s, merely
la dllfercnt qn;nitities. Thus, for instance, one spe-
cies requires more potash, a scd^nd more lime, and a
third mnre silica. One spiM-ies a-ain re.piires more
phospdieaic aidd than an.)ther, v'vc., i*^c. Now, it

,i,|„,. ,l„.s,. ,„-i„.ivN- oi..r.. Inlly, tl,e Wlow.n,
oxami.les nv,u-<.rv.-. i;, v.ntly ,u;n,nr, Hand o.m
tains a stun- mI ulinientary .ualt. i- uf ^a. ...us kiU'l-
sutli..i..ot t.. M.rve f..r a s..ri..s ..I v.'ars. Sancl tl,. -
sul.stan.-.'s ar.-, rr..m their uatur.-, -.mn.-r .xl.au.t. ■
,• with.lrawu thai. ..th.'vs: and thi:i is m.<rc 04W.a.

phosi,h..iic a.-id t'.an an.th.r, .U'.. .V.-. i^..^v, ii ...»>..... ; ■•■ , , , _,,„,,_thcsc 1

V.thln a give. i,.rlc.l tl,.. ,,arti,.„la,- ,.-..,. .an.iyat,.! ' Iv tie- .as,. w„h tl„. ''••■■;;.^';';;";- ' 'j; ' ; ,,, ,„„,

have withdrawn from the soil, its snppli<'s of tliat
particular pabnbim. (^r of those specitic alimentary
matters which are essential to its perfect gnnvth and

in<r very readily and rapidly taken up, in con>.
qj;nce of their .reat .dulallty br. -u this cau.
also, some plant< are very apt to become overchuru'

matters which are csseutial to Its perfect groivt nana ai^u, =>uu„, i- .■ ■ ,, ...^e, their .■■■

dcveh,pemcnt, it is cvi.hr.t that a,...th..r cr^.y ..f the with nitrogenous ch.uu.uts, xMocl. _ ^^^^^^^^._^^
same plant, or of ftnoth,.r -.p.-.-i-s v,.^u\v\u^ Ihr s.„n Mnnmi n.atrers. to he d..i,r.V""" ' .^,^

— ■ »^ — — — I / ■

elements in like abundance, cannot thrlv(> ]iroperly,
if it follov^ in imnnHliate succession, unless, the soil

A.Min. in r..r,.u;iv manur...nan.l, .ho ^a.■l,.us in?r
aient. su|,,.r>...l r.ylle.nun.ur.. '^^'^ S'^'^'fy"

if it follow in immediate suecessi..n. nnh-s, th.. s„il ,h..ul< s„,.|.h,.a i.y in... n,an.. ■ .^^^*>^^^^j^ ^^^,^^,^ j„,i
contain those elements naturally in -nat su|...,a j intin.anly hha, h l anl irax.. «. ^^^^ ^j, ^,,|u,lly

hundance, or tUoy have hccn artifieially ^'M>rli''-'. h^ '"''''''-''' ^'\'^ '.';:'' ;'''";,",,_ ,„y poor T'^'

' and nuir.i.-uilv hrtih/.ed,- . ill" ^i^me\i.rj I ^

nn,vn,..unin.,,..n,lyhef..un,lin,h,scpro.un'

„„:„,. ,n,hly..nn,.l„..i. A-' ' !< ''''^^ '''f^^T;
this ,„.ri.Hl, Ih.. inan.ire itsoll, heu,„^ a^ ■'',,,,
perfectly de,..,uM....sed, operates w.th a consula.
Lgree .1 i,r...n.a,i,v. accord ng to ' - «;--» '^.^^^^^^
,,„;ii,y of those of Us i"fi->'-'^ 7^" J //J, .fto:
into action. This is the reason why the sod, ^_

because in all ordinary cases a considerable lapse .d
time is required to enabl(> the soil t.^ provide itstdf
again with the necessary stores (d' tlnxe • lenients,by
the natural processes of di^integratitoi and tleci)m-
position — a longer period, in fact, than usually inter-
venes between two consecutive crops. Now, if the
deficient ingredients be not artificially supplied, in
the shape of manures, fertilizers or stimulants, there

the shape of manures, fertilizers or stimulants, there into action. Ani« ^ ^^^^^ manure, i*

remains no alternative but to allow the soil time 1 having been recently dressea w

D..I well litU'd to sustain, at the commencement of a quently again deposited in the surface suil because
ntation, a crop requiring much potash and ammonia, the roots of the clover while decaying, furnish sup-
,:id less needing phosphorous ; and we choose in plies of carbonic acid and nitrogen. The clovers al-
nreference such, for instance, as rape, tobacco, &c. — j so, especially lucerne and esparcet or sainfoin, ail
The ensuing crop of winter grain does indeed also the decomposition of the soil by the greater length of
rt^quire much potash, but it should bo remembered time during which the occupy the land. These are
that after a dressing of fresh manure, a much great-
er quantity of this substance is present in the soil,
than the first cultivated crop rc([uires, an 1 that tin'
j.rt>;^ressive decoinp'-iti'-n id" the S'.il it-eli", .vuperin'
din'cd an I reneweil hv the intrwdint e.n of the nia-
nur«* a^ain iurni.-he>^ an additional store td }Hita-.^h
in a stjhihle state, Potatoes, abo, are not suitable as yerv properly he int!-

among the cliief reasons why the clovers leave the

gr<uiTi<d in a fertile condition, prepared not only for
the growth K>t' winter grain, but for the recommence-
nii nt ' i' a rotation of a longer or shorter course, ac-

CMrdiU'j; u< tl..' ('"U'liilou and natur.al character of the

Soil. A-> the

CMill-il

!,,,!;

elinj; » rop of the series eat-s may

.Kllh e

'e.ja'a-e 1 'I a: ! t n-' cere-

while at the >~anie time its ].re.doininant ini^re il- nt
N -illcitj aeid, and it le ■ -N tie' presence of the uthei-
elenieritary -uh-*;inces onl\ in -nii'l 'p;antities. (Mi
ihe^,. aecunts it seems to be peculiarly (pialified to
take lip an 1 appropriate what the j)revious crops
ha\e left i-einalnin^ in the soil.

NoTK. — The •umm.'iry of Agricultural Chcraittry contained in
tlie riiiigorutive numbers u.iw cone' udcd, is from the pen it' Pm-
fegser St(>ckh;irt!t, (ine of the priiicipnli of the Aprirultur:il Insti-
tute .it rtiarnnd in rruBim, and co-editor of the monthly agncultu-
r.il () iper issued there. The views presented, it may have hreii
noticed, dilTer on some p<Mnts from thi>8»" of Ijcilnp and his grliool;
but. bring those of an experienced and e.xperimental farmer, whose
operations are conducted with care and precision, f«.>r the purfxise
of ascertaining the most reliable and mest profitable ap[»licati<»ii of
gcientihc principles to popular practice, they may claim attentive
and candid examinarioii, as properly at It-ust as the more theoreti-
cal opinions of the great Chemist

Trie " ('/i?mi>f/i<! VtldprtditiUr-'' of rreff.su, r St rkhardt — a
course <f b'ctures delivered in turn l>ef r-- »einf m xtv Farni'-rs'
Clubs in Saxony, and recently published at I .t-ipzig— have ! ''rii
well received, and will when coinplete<l ri)ii<t • c-- a valuabi'' .nl
dition to the farmer's library, as the style is simple and the i..'!s-
tratioiis admirably adapted to the wants of tliose for whom the
work .H ;:itelided.

a first crop after manure, because they re.juire and ab this plant p' •s>o,->.ses the greatest vegetative p.. wer,
absorh so much ]iota>h fr«au the soil, that the cn-u-
iii;> cri»p i- apt to ^^litfer IVoiii the want of it ; and if"
occasionally, land be loimd, on whadi winter ^rrain
succeeds well .after jiotatoe^, it will he found that tlie
soil is natin-ally St' ire(l ^vlth a L:i"eat ahundanct* (d
potash. In the-e re-pects het>ts abo resc'Uihf' pota-
toes. As the S(»cond t-rop in a rotatii^n, wh-at and
ryo is preferable, bccau.^e, tluni;;li reijuirinj: lar-"
quantities of p'dash soda, phosphorie acM, ,-ulphiir,
aid nitroirentiu-- iic'rcHiiit-, these suh-tance- ar^ u-u-
allv still contained in tic ^^ \\ in sutlicliait amounts
for a second crop. After winter grain, potatoes and
turnips would properly f )llow, because, ]>y means of
tlndr great vegetative pow.i, they are able to seize
and appropriate the re'(ul>«ite elementary Mih-taiices
which yet remain in the soil, tle.ui:h in a less solu-
ble state, after a cr.p nt' winter --rain !ia> been taken
off. At this period, also the Mipei'ai'Undant nitro-
genous elements of the 8otl\Nill ha\e been re hie d
to a proper e.|uilibrluin v-ith the rei|uii-ements of
veu'etatioii, and are Con>eou..iitly no Icn-^er iniininu^
by llieir ])rescne.- In excess, (hi the ]»etter kinds id"
foil, ho\N..'\ei-. spring barley may bo introduced im-
mediately after winter grain, beeause tills i-roj) re-
quires a laiich smaller supply id' nitrogenous sub-
J^tances than the preceding one did. It al^o needs
I'-'^s pntash. th..ugh iie'ri' silicic a<'id is neee>sarv,
^dilch will have l,,M.n prM\M..il and rendered soluh!"
by the preceding fall pbaiuhin;,:. Th-u-h harby le-
'l>nres less phosphorus than winter grain, yet this
may be the reason wliy this crop docs not succeed
^^'11 in some still, afbr an heat, inasmuch as in them
the store of pho>|,|,nrii^ may lia\e heen totally ex-
hausted by the .h anand- ef" the Nvheat. It 1^. how-
^'ver, always more prudent to let barley f 11 w po-
tatoes or turnips ; not only because this accords well
^^ith the true idea of a rotation, hut Ilk' wise because
tli«M»arley NViU then certainly tlnd a ^utliclmt Mipply
of phosphoric acid in th.> ^.,11 and bo enabled t^ yy,,-
duoo a more nl„T>., 1 . ....-.,, ,,,.;nn. rinvcr 'dieuld

1" r '-'.r I' inn T -nriiil.
The rinrliena or Perm ian Hark 'Ircc.

Mk. Mi-iioK: -^^■ur F'lnu J'^'nin' 1- a \v-l'onie
visiter in mv lamllv. Permit me t" exnre-s the hope
that it mav >>>'>n fe in every farm leai^e hi the State.

'fiiere is a matter pertaininu' to a.L'riculture whidi
1 wish to su:'-L:e<t : and that is. the neire ex*en-ive
introibn'tii.n nf tbrel;in tree> that may be .rnamental
or u-eful. The matter 1 Inne especially in view is
tlie rulti\ ;i'i' n > t' th.e i'eru\ ian tr- ■• yielding tic d(;-
-ui''- hark, which gives us the invaluable (piinine.
N it U' t the only specific for fever and ague? I -aw
la-t tall a -Mt-nent that the disease nam i wa- e\-
ten-lvelv and di-tre-'^ln-'y prevalent In tic v\e>rern
country, and sulliclent (quantities of <{uiniiie to arrest
its course could not be obtained. The worth of the
man wlio " makes two blades of grass grow where
but one grew before," Swift has told us. Would he
not be a benefactor to his country who would accli-

ite the r,ruvian bark tree ane'ngu-'' Tarn aware

m

a more plump and p.-rf

It^ nati\e j .viii,,n i- le ir the equator, but the Andes
and Cordileras are crowned with everlasting snows,

properly follow after barley, because it draws the , ^^ ^j^^^ p^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^..^.^y variety of climate,
>^tances it needs prin Ipally from a greater depth < ^^^^^^^ ^,^^^^ ^^^-^^^ produces the palm and ripens the
"I tue soil, and finds them there in greater abund

^^^ ; and a portion of those substances are subse-

orangc to that which yields hemlock and the pine. —
I know not whether this bark comes from the warm

72

COMMrxiCATIONS.

M\y.

coMMrxKwnoN.s.

.'*" ,*.aB r .srtL3»*M>7M:*- ii*7**v-'»«J^ '^

valleys, the cooler hills, or the cold mountain ran-c,
though I presume the former. We know Unit a va-
riety of our valuable esculents an<l |>1ants now arrow-
ing to perfection among us, were iinli-cnous in tlir
tropics. Need we despair that the I'-nivian tivemay
he made to flourish as far north as Pennsylvania?

Who is our minister at Bogota? If you tliiiik fit
to publish, will you send him Uk; nunilK r that con-

tains it, and request bim to send you, for the .hurual, s.^ason is dry, it .ulh.Ts more than ahnost any other

takin;; cvprything into consideration — will vield Imt
little over half the' net incomo of the corn. Farmers
all know that there is a mueh greater risk with the

(»ats than with tbo mrn prop. Tf the season is highly
favorable to ]\v-^\ other <!•"[. s, oats is in groat d;in<'pr
of hxl-iiig before rijjc, aol in that case, scarooly
pays for th" hai vesting, much less the seed rorpii red
plowing, use of land, &c. ^hi the contrary, if the

some account of the tree. Can it bo propagated by
grafting? Can young trees b(3 easily obtainiMl? I
wish the' government wonld direct incpiiries to be
made (»r their agents in South America.

I'PIk! above eonununieation, without name or date,
was received sometime since. ^Vv. delayed its publi-
cation oxp(»eting to hear further from the writer, ])ut
were disapj)oinl"<l. We le.w ])re^ent it to our rea<l-
crs with a few remarks.

The (7mc/iO?iatreei< in^ligcnousto South America.
The name was given it by l/mmvns, in honor of the
Countess of Cinchon, who fir<t introduced the ])ark
into Europe. Numerous plants h.-longing to the ge-
nus have been discovered in various ])arts of the
world. Only a single species has iM'en found in the
United States, the rinckneya, whiih was disoi.vered
by the elder Michaux, in Georgia and JSouth t'aroli-
na. Whether it prevails to any extent in tleiM
States, or whether its ))ark possesses the virtues of
that procured from South America, we are unable to
say. It appears, however, from the best authorities,
that the genuine CiucJwna trees nre found only m
South America, over which continent they are wide-
ly diffused ; extending from La Paz in the firmei-
vice-royalty of Buenos Ayrcs to the nemn tains ol
Santa Martha on the nortlnuai coast. Those fmm
which (he best hark is ]>rocured, grow at various ele-
vations upon the Andes; but seldom at less height
than 4U0() feet above the h^vid of the sea, and require
a tem]ieratur(^ considei-ahly lower than that which
prevails in trnpical countries. This fact wimld seem
to favor the idea of our correspondent, that this tret^
might be acclimated in the Initi'd Stat(^s. AVe do
not know whether the experiment of ])ro]Migating it
by grafting has ever boon trie«l. ^ nmiLi; trees, we
presume, might easily be procunid, but whether when
procured, (even if successfully acclimated,) their cul-
tivation could be made an object, we hMve it to those
more familiar with the subject than (jurselves to de
termine. — Ed.]

cr(»p.

Coi-n ]>lante(l on the trrnund, usually reserved for
oats, if well cultivate(l will yield on an average sixtY
])Ush(ds to th(» acre: which, vabiecl at fiftv cents per
bushel, will amount to thirty dollars per aere. Qats
at an average yield (»f sixty bushels per aere, at thir-
ty cents per bushel, will amount to ei;:hte(!i d, .liars
per acr(\ Here we find a balance in fiv.ir of corn
of ^12 per acrt' ; which is a trille iK.t he uvcrlueked.

Tru(\ it may be maintained, that the lahor required
for the culti\ati<in of enrn is :i <]rawbaek. and it may
be further mtiintaiiied that it does not leave the
^rouml m as nne a ci'nuiic'ii e>i me succeeding crop
of wheat. To\\hi(di I re-peetfully reply : the- value
of the fodder ibr feeding oi" stock over that of oat jJtraw
will fully compensate for the additional lahoref rais-
in.:; (Mm. Fodder is worth five dollars per acreattlie
fiv.est calculation, when hay rates at ten dollars per
ton ; and we know that amount will pay any surplus
work, takiirj; into consideration the -mail quantity
of seed ri'-piired, compari'd with that of oats. Be-
sides, by jdanting an aldiilonal li' Id of corn we re-
-piire s(j much less hay ; and I am thoroughly con-
vince<l that by raising a greater (piaiitity of com
and feeding it along with the fodder on the premises
lh.'rtd)V converting it into n alualde manures, our land
instead of deteriorating will incrca-e in fertility.

In ansW -r to the second objection, I will relat- my
mo(b^ of management, and leave it to the rea i-r to
judg<' of its expediiMicy. 1 manure hea\i!v the
groimd that was corn tin' ].recediiig year, in order to
give the seed of weeds .ni the surface time to u'f^rmi-
nate— plow late— ju>t before plantiiig-roU the
ground with a hea/y roller, t.. mak- it compact-
plant the corn in rows of three an 1 a liah to four
fe,>t a].art. cult i\ ate diligentlv, to ke.p ahead of weed.",
and in the fill cut it oif at the ground, and earn 5ix-
te.Mi to twenty n.ws toirether. I tlmn plow the in

For the Farm Joiirnnl.
Comparative value of the Oats and Corn Crops.
Mr. Editor: — As the season is at haml wIk'u the
farmer is obliged to make preparations for his spring
crops, it may not bo amiss perliaps to make s(une
comparative statements relative to the value of the
two principal crops, viz : corn and oats.

My experience, based upon actual facts and calcu-
lations, warrants me in asserting that the oats crop —

that iiave been i'\'-dvvd, and gon«T-
vTovvin- to Ihe hict that it wa^ heavily manurea
\hesprni-. the ground i^ in lir^t rate ^•^•»»;7%";; '
„,„. 11 the sease.n is late and f^ivorable. 1 Ir *

termediate strips

al'

in

wn

pn.ntlv hu.k the corn and the 1 the narrow ^trjK

In which it wr.-^ carried : if. -n the contrary tlus-^^
;on lu-ove unfavorabhs I h.n e the ..tri];^ un'd spnn,
' • • I will a' 'e

n cen-

round has frcipi-ntiy

and liieii sow tlieni with oats

( liision, that wheat on corn g , , r

l..enthelH.standhea^ieMontle. .ho^fmn^^^^^

Strashurg, Lancaster ro. March 7, ^.^^'^'^ ^^^^

[The above communication was received sc^eUm

since, but accidentally mislaid-l It contains sum

excellent suggestions.— Ed.J

7;{

u

NFW RED

z

^ CRFTACE0U3 ^j

« ^ TERTIARY ^-

i3 3 12 1 A

(

GNEISS

A B ir,;r;a,f ""'''''' -[ "" "^"'"^r.i "Tr.?ci,;r.'" r' r'^Si:,-!, ?;,••:;;:'-'" "■» ^"-« -"' ^^^ k...

C 1) Alltghiiuu's, or Anpalaohiaii chan.

DK App.ilachiaii coal held weat of the nioiintami.

h Falls and rapiils of the rivers at the juncture ni the hyp'trrne
aiii iif-WfT fornmtioiis

J It I m Parallel foldi of Appalachians hecoriiinij successively
m«*'e opeu and Hatter in going from E. to VV

2. Iliicene

3 Cretaceous strata.

X Red sand stone with Ornithichnitei.

« '/,';■'',;'";•'" 'V;'*('"^"""""""'' '5. Do. (anthracite.)

^ « >l«l Hc.l or Drronia.i, olive slate, Ac.

7 Triinary rossiliffrous or Silurian strata,

S. Hyp<»genc strata, or gneiss, mica, schi.'", A v

(.<uIo-y applied (u .\j;rirullure, \u. 3.

Tiie iibove dia-rani will allbrd a pretty correct view

me; Hammer ,r>.k, it de.r.nds alon- the ocnir-'o of
this .stream to Va-\>\ Mill, N\h.re It turns uMin wo.f
ofthemiimerm wineh the several >trata of our State ward, I,a.^in;:; ab.ut a mile to . i„. ,, .-thu ;• rl , .flati/
succeed one anotlnu- m a ero^s seetion iroui east to ' reaches iaiJie ..anio rour^,^ Manh- in. 1! y, ,, ..,r\
west. The Letter to demonstrate the several fbrnni- ' once nn-re toward, the .um, wheh dir.eti,., a Inv-
UOU., i ha^e. a. n, the un::nial >keteh hy Pro{es>or ^ sue. a. (a, as Ibe han's run. uh.re, h.u-^er .t a ^a.n
Ko^ers, retained th- .Vtlantie or Xe.v Jer..y ^.vtion. \ turns westward, e .ntinuin^ in tiutt e.ui-s.. 'ummer
which shows the /c;-/o.v/ and rr, f„r.ous d.^.^n. .,f ruptedly to Sprin^te-Id, ai uhieh plaee it makes .n-
that State and whieh adapt the soil in an ennnent uthcitslmrt llcxure Ut soon n-Mnn... Hs u ,.;. rn ran.e,

passing one and a half milcd bouth ui Liiz.iUiiii.o, u.
, , , , , . "'^^"^ thener. n.-arly In a str.ii-la line youth u .m w ard

prden vegetahles, and s-wcral kinds of delicate fruits t. Kainhrid^e ..n ihe S.is.u.iianna.

d.'fjreo, lor mmv lu-odiets eulti\ated there uifl. ,r,.,..if
success, such as Ml. I., MS, cantelopes, «weet pofab-es.

From the Delaware ri\er at Trenton to tin- War-
wick mine, near the head waters of French creek, the
red sandstone stratum overlaps tlie ^n^'is.x and other
rocks of the primary class. From the lattor point it

ran_'.'s in corita't \\\r\\ tie- whit" ^andst-n-' of' iho

•specially peach pq.

ThL«< section is very properly t.-rne d t!ie Atlantic
flain, and extends alon;:; the coast from Long Island
t-* Louisiana botli inclusive.

The next or Atlantic Slope includes in our State
■'MTimary rocks already .h-rrihed, and tlie A/r'
•>'/.S//<//,V/oyi<;f uiinitiou— -the f,,rne r trnned by 3ir. '^^''''^^' iii-uuta'ti. hut ..n enr.rin- Ih-rks o..unfv and
A.'ll %or/tvie. Til- latter forms a most interesting ''^ '^^ '■'""■"" ^^'''"'"^^ ^^'" ^' i'"!^' !'"i:'h of Lancaster
•'i'l im|>4)rtant district extending; confinn.iu^lv fr-m coun'y. its southern mar^nn i^ every\v lief,^ in ninet;,.n
"• Jiaritan bay to the centre of \'irjinia. The >aine ' ^^''^'i ^'"' Ibneston^-.

'rniationisal.solai-elydeveh.ped .,n the Cuniecti-I Tmo reu-rh. rn h .rd. r ■ f thN f.rni.ar;., h. .rinnin-

i^tnvor. Itisr-inarkahly unif.u-ni in niaterial.sand '^^ the p.hiwai'e n.ir Purliim, if tra- - d w.^tu.ird

■:t"arauce, consisting; of dark-ivddi.h brown sand- , ^eross our d!<irlef, will b- f^und to p;,.. .1,,,,,^ one

'•'DO, almost !n\anahly ar-ilaeeous; of soft crumhly mile south of Sprin-town. and one mile north > f Coop-

j'-'^>n shales,^ and coarse (•al,-are(.us or silieious cui- , *-'i>f"^^n t" the IFov^aeock er-ek, wliere the r-ad er-ss-

y'^moiates. Ih •, lip .,f the strata i< .irenerally touard \ ^'^ it in I'pper .Millard t.^wnskip. h tleai runs- a little

'••^northwest at an-les varyin- from fift.vn to twen- ' to the s,,„th of M.aint ri-is;nit iron niin-. ,,;is.,.s

.•■nve deirrees n i t, i •

bonl.fln n , l>oy''rsf,.wn, er.'sv,.. the r-^rki-m-'n one mile south

■><iI^So r' 'V'''"'^ twonnl..s.„uh„f lladin;^. The Fotom.ie marble

■rt bv tho T. r^" ' ""' '^'*'''"' '" '^' '" ^' ''^'^^'■^'^<^'^' coHLdomerate, occupies several Ion., nar-

^^ . ne ^tate geologist, of tho re,ion h.tweon tie- r,,w traet< aku,, t!.,. line just traced; one a little be-

:,irHner ^^'•'^'•'"■I'^inna r.ver<. -Its ..outh^rn low .^prin;:town ; another r.n the Man.'.tawnv en, k,

-^^^thecT "Vt '"" '''"'"^ ''' '"''" '""^ ■"' '"'"'-^'"^ =^ ^''''"'^ "" '^'■" I'i""-!^!I" <Tcck. It al^o occurs
'^'^ohuvlk-n ii;'iiton, runs nearly westward to on tke Sehuslkill below Jteading. From this p,,lnt,

-f"Wn- U tl ^'^''''^ "^^"""^ ^'^^ ""'''"' ^""'' ' ''''''" ^''*' "•"•^f"''-" e^J^'^^ <d- ilie s HeNtone stratum extends,
'•t'-n to F '^^h ^^^"^^^^^ ^'^ ^ '^''^-5^ ^''^^'^^ *^"'* '^ '"' ^^ '''i »l»A''t undulation, in a nearlv western direction
^flytoth^^^^ ^^^^^'^^^^^''"^*^^*^^ '''''' '''''*'^^''^^' ^^^^"^^^ ^'"'^ ''^ .Mill! r,.u_Mi hdj, over-

'•^amileUiT''^"^'^"" "^'^'^^^^^'^^' '' b'''^"""^ -''""'t lapping- lirst. the iiue^s,. „■■ M' ti.- Kitt.Uinnv ^a!^•y;
^Hinklet " '^'' "1 .Morgantown.Churelitown t!e-rt pnn.ary n.ks. and finally the ^^h^c sand.slone

oown, and pM's thr.ai^h Millp.,rf to Hu- uf thi:, hiii. Freau Miilborough hdl it ran:res a little

ciiil.].,. 1,. ell- 1 ., ,1. 1 . ■ . 1 rt . . . ... _

r,l,' T ^''^^^' **" ^"^^I"dy l"lds back and runs to-

Fro '"! ''*'^^^''^*''^^' through Ephrata to Reamstown.

^ I |ii the last point it sweeps in a regular curve,

^'^ards the norUiwest and afterwards tlie south-

orussmg the turnpike at ^Middle creek. Reach-

south of west through Sheaflferstown, past liie Corn-
wall iron werks and thence along the turnpike to
Canipbellsti»wn, from whicli it takes nearly a straight
course to Ilighspire on the Susquehanna. Between
Millborough hill and the Susquehanna, the red sand-

7^

CDMMrXKVXTlON^^.

[June,

1 ^52 1

COMMr\i(*\'r!< )V.^

-«.«W»r»-«l»--i«»»~--»»»««'»»<"«W -»*'*»»'"•*"**''' ■»^>«""^'

/.i

Btono lies everywhere in contact with ihc lim.-i.n-

of the Kittatinny valley."

This interesting district is one of tho most hi-lily
cultivated portions of the State, the snlt and ynUym-
lent nature of tlic soil renderino; tillage comparatively
easy. Indian corn, wheat, and other cercalia y'whl
ahundantly, and the soil is better ;M;ipt. ,1 to the ar
tificial than the natural grasses, the primary tnnna-
tions evidently affording tho proper pahulum iur tiu'

latter.

Tlic Krd sandstono h.>U is ricli in minerals, although
tliey have not, with some exeeptions, l.een actively
^vl•oll'Jllt until ^vithin a year or two.

Iron ore ui" excellent ipiality is found in several lo-
calities; copp<>r, lead, and silver also abound, and

proportion to its surface of any of the Atlantic Stat<'S."
In this group or series there are few metalic Huhstan-
ces yet discovered • xr^pt iro7i, which abounds in al-
most evorv formation, wiUiiu ihe State, and perhaps
is more generally diff'uscd tluin in any other known
countrv of the same extent. The great source of fer-
tility and wealth however in this region is limo, and
to tliis niiii-ral pi-nduniun uip'eT the hand of skill
and inilu.-try, i^ <hie ih^' liiuh r-'putali'.ii i-t' I'mnsyl-
vania farms, it is piMpcr lo nnte le r-' that the lime-
stone oftlie primary series is hi^^hly mauie-i;in that
of the lower secondary less so; and that <■{' tii-' upper
secondary or later formations still le^a intmniii^KMl

with magnesia.

Formerly it was su]>posed that this iiiL^r- liont in

there is rea.,n to beli.-v. that the recent ellbrts to limestone was deleterious to ve^.tation, hut moden
.nine thetn .u an ex,en<.e scale will prove success- experience ha. proved the contrary and that .t .
ful The varie..,ted .r con.hnnerate nmrble being ' only necessary t) use the ma^n.^nn. hniostonc orr/->-
similar to that of which the colutnt.s of the capitol at ; lo.ulr in stnaller qnantities than ^^^ l-^^,^;;;;;^^^'
Washington are lornnMl, is pnd.ably susceptible of ,)f lune. — '•

being polished, and IS well worlliy Uiu aiienuon oi
builders and nrchitocts.

In the ].rimitivo and sandstone series are several
extensive exposure. oD.asaltic •>r trap dykes, such as
are shown on the diagram of the Isle of Arran.—
These rocks are extensively displayed on the llarris-
burg railroad near Llizabethtown. AhiioULrh very
hard, the soda and oxyde of iron in them promote

rhiladelphia, April, 1852.

For tlif F^rtn .T.'iima!.
DoiTs— Small Farms— Tdme— Corn F(Ml<lrr-ria!!t-

ing Corn.

BEADfORi) roUNTV,PA., April 22,1S.V2.
Mk. i'.DiToR :— I have been a reader of your cxoid-

lent A-riciiltural .Journal for -ne var. and am mu.h

, . pl.-ased with it< manner and its matter i hope it will

disintegration, as may be (deserved by their rounded | ^^^ ^^j.^.^i^rd. as it will certainly b- highly useful in
and worn surfaces, ami al-o the numerous cracks and
fissures that are i^-nnd in thi-m.

llelics of vegetation are sometimes f )und in the red
sandstone strata b I the tbmi oT compact bituminous
h''/nif'\ b(^nring a strong reseml dance to cannel coal,
but the hopes they excite are entirely delusive.

The fornnitions west of the new rcil sandstone and
extending from the eastern bas(i id the ridges, whudi
compose the Si)uth mountains to the crest of the Sharp
niountaiin are the loW(U' secondary of Prof, llogers
or the Silurian and Devonian (d Knglish geidogists. |
This range embraces ihe great Kittatinny, Lebanon, j
Cuinl' rhmd and other limestome valleys, famous tor
their fertility, and high state of cultivation. Tliere
is also within this range a great amount of Oline col-
oured argillaceous sandstone and rcil shales, whi(di
are poor and unj^riiductive on thehiLih ridges but ma-
king a very good soil in the valkss and plains — a
soil that is readily cultivated, and in most cases great-
ly improved by the additii'U of lime.

There is indeed a larger j-ropurtion of land in P.'inr
sylvania capable of being brou-ht into profitable use
than in any other of the Atlantic States: such at least
was the opinion oC W ni. Mat lure the ablejmd accur-
ate pioneer of American geology. He says that
"Pennsylvania consists principally of transition and
secondary, having the smallest quantity of the primi-
itive class of any State east of tho mountains, and
most probably tho greatest quantity of good land, in

this State. 1 have <dten ihoniht of corrcspondinu'
^v^h vou, but like hundivds .f others, handle tho
pl.andi better than tic- y>-n. 1 ^^\\l however, g.vo
you a few crude id.as on iarming, Of rather on tlu'
contents of vour last .biurnal.

Thr iii-st "article in y..ur Ai.ril nuinl .r is on th.
protection ofsluMT- 1 a-rn. «ill. the «nt.i-a ff'.' ^
rrveimc i.ii-ht l.r niis.'.l l,y taxin- .l---. a". 1 »" ^""
Injun.Jl.vit. A lUrm.r sl,..ul.l ,...t l.- k.pt in to.'^
„l' losin- Lis llork of si,,-,., or lKn-l,a|-^ p^.'^■•^'■ '' [' ■•
I keopint; si,,...,, aUo;;-ih.'r, to .,v,..uu....l.t.. to uo'i.

MH.rwitl. , ,wo,a-tluHvNvnnhl«.cur.-,NVUcU.

,hou„> .,.,.„.,,.-<. a,.,. .,.1 a .■.. 10.SS to U.o^-

1 am i-oml of a ^; 1 ■^^^■ ^'''' '-'■l' '«"''!',",,, ;.

lou^lato!KMua,lo,.ay.axr.a-onecert.uny.as

ofJus.,a,olitoo.t.nu.asoa.,h,ofeeahun-|
«,.oMtora,.,ua.aoo,ll,.,^.TI.lsi^.N..v'"^»^''

"«"'=<' "''^'V''^ '';:"%, t ,,,„e relative to faruu.-
\,.iirartulroi, th.- t.i.-t page rti . • j^,„.

vet. 1 kn"«' "'"' " ' ,
, .,f Maall farms, WiJ c^"

■|'!,;, i- ontiroly
ran .lo all I'
ihe help"''''

is in my o|iini"ii n.'l mn

moil t.. i.roa.li iq' tin- I""!"

,l,.,nn tho oiilluiv ol' larg'' """■

matlrrOruvonistanoo. If a lanu. r

Ua,or .i.hlosnu-nhao.ls, oi"Ul, "'^ ,,,

«i,,-a,0,.lul.ln.n...a.,,ottobeeomp W^^

Mp,U.en ho should have a farm propor^^^^^^^^^

abilities ; but if a farmer hires a^l h.s a ,

cannot make money enough to pay them

other expenses from a small farm. If one acre is
werth cultivating, one hundred is })eftor : because
tho large field can be culti\ateti at a nuh ii less ex-
p(»nse per acre, than the small one, and every acre of
a lar;;'' fi''M will produce more and better crops, tlian
an acre of a small lot, allowing b th tho same culti-
vation. If a farmer can make money by hiring five
men. he can certainly realize moro ])v hirin ■■ t\vi>ntv.
if luMuaiiaires erpially well. If a (aruer iiaioMve^
hlf' lands they rapidly increase in\aliio. pai-f i.ailarb,

plowing fur corn, and pb>w, harrow and cultivate ray
corn both ways, never using a hoc after it is planted.
A common good crop here, is fifty or sixty bn^hels
of shelled corn to the acre. Ninety bush»ds have
been raised to the acre in this county : but this is a
rare occurrence. Tho opinion of your Lancaster
county correspondent is correct as to comparative
profits of corn and wheat. It is as easvto raise sixty
bushels of corn to the acre, as it is to raise twenty
loat. Farmers are aj^r to over-estimate

Ihi^'u

■ til \s

11 n.'W cotmtry. Tie- increased valuo i.f a --tnall ^'"' Rivera-".' 'd th-ir wli. -at crops. 1 c. 'n-i La- t \s on' y

hu-'h-ds to tho acre a - 1 as-ra^'^' .r-n. and am sa-

tl-tird with lift.. Ml hu^lirN, t a k 1 I! - al! MIV tl.ld^ to-

gethor. A ir'-ntloiuan Mt tinscoun!\ . a t'\s \.'ar-a_'o.

tiiia i- <iiiall — tie cMiivcr-e i,f tic ca->e i^ truo with
larg'' fan II >. Small cnnfry fnaiis are ni-f suito(j t"
thi'^i'iiius of till' Ann'i'iean }•• npl,>. Tlcv are an
ontorpri^inj; raer. A lar-v adventuro Miit- tlcni
lot. I w-uld liko to see one ii<dd .,f a thousand
acres in corn in I'.nnsylvania. ! )m n.it vjart with
>'urprise, and supp -o that it i- mv wi-h t.. p.i--iiade
any one man {<< swall >w up tic Mi;all farm- .d l,:in^
castor county, hy the oxpro^<i,,n ^f >uch awi.-li. Tar
fruiu it.

I also agree with .Mr. Stavtdy from liucks counrv.
His experience and mine, r- dative to ll!m\ have i>een
the same. It is certainly a --od f.-rtili/j-r, and a
cheap mode of renovating worn uut lands. Indeed,
in many places it is the only enriching substance
that can be found in sufficient 'iuautities to improve
the land.

Mr. K. ''dor's rommunicatI(»n on your f .urth page
1.^ excellent. I treat my o,,rnfMddor ju-r a> he does
in curing it: bat have not ]..-n aMo'tosavo it tVom
ni.mKlingin the harm i intond tryin- tho plan h,

rai-t'd a littl • .i\ ,r
and ii- " '■ '■
hu-h.-

ir; \ l.ii-J!,-!'

\N !i'-ar to rl,.> arro

d til it V'Mr. ii\

t i

^^U'l" cr^p a\ ''ra/'Mi [Hi^ \,-.\r, ii\.r ri'arfv
•My h M ori.p ).r..diio.vl ,a, ,ai- li.dd, ifirtv
ini.^holN t" the iUTc, and an a\ -Taj" tliat voar.d iwcn-
tv-two 1 u-h'd-.

N\ Icn i >.it dwWM I int>'nd''d t.> n.'tir'o a!! flc arti-
clen in your last numher, hut it was Ujo large a fur-
row fir mo to turn over.

A lb: vDFORn CorMv r\i.\[fi;.

For the Fnrin J-nmui.
^>nrk fur the Kitchen and I'lt.wci- (.ardtn.

CV/tT//— In the cultivation of Celery we prefer land
that lias lain sometime in grass, as it takes less time

in the preparin- of the tnnche^ than the ordinary
nnrh-d : and liio ^rass being jillowed to gn.wat the

edges form- a o- d -hade fr^m , up l,,,! mld-d.iv -nn

^>iir plan i •< t-^li^^ tl!.!ii tr-m Kast to West, 4 feet
apart, \<\ i r H inches deep, a little wid.T than the
aib'r wliirli \\r

spaO''. alt-r whi^-h w,' tiUuirh >h"rt stable maioire
r'vonnnen.b iu .sturim: it away. W.dl saved corn- , ^an tdd h.^t hcl prTc-red) to tho d.^p^h o{' :. ,,r 0
f)d.ler IS the best leod we have f .r cattle in the win- ' imdie^ and cover with 2 inch.- ..f" -• ■ ■ 1 lam.

''f- llcy will eat it in tho spring, when they will imt Tho 1 <\vu\'\ ho <,,wn oarlv in Aprd. fran-plant-

t^"Uci the host ,.{' hay. A goo.l, w.dl saved croj. .d' ''d whon lar-.' .•n..ii-li to .-..nv.aii.'ntl v liandh- -into ;i

O'.rnfodd.'r will (vane very noar paying fir the tail- bed provi-u^ly pvpar.d and wojl manur.d: r.. tlio

"! the whole cn.p of cjrn. The t utter, and distance of *'. in.dcs tliat tli-y may ^^or -,„„] ^t-irkv

^rusher iiionti.med by Mr. Keller, 1 know nothin-nf. ' plants h, f.a-.' plantin- In the tren. In - I'whi, h will be

, . .....

'^tw.uld liko nnndito have it. ('an vou tdlmetho
P^'''^ of tic maohinu?

^- f-llmaker, of your own countv, has jriven you
^i.""><I article on corn p]antIn^^ Tic t inn- ho r-oaa-
jn''nd8forplantin- Is no ,lnubt ahout rl.-ht f .r the
^^Atitudo of Lancaster cuuiity. From tho buh to tic

^'J^^- Some care should be takci in the kin<l of seed

y plant; but there is little to be gained bv idantin.-
Um) oarlv T ( • " "

„ ^' "' ''nr. no; out f-r plantin«r, I prefer

_ '^^i SIX inrhrs .-aili way. NMth throe or four
j^^' ■■' "' '^ 'oil. 'Idiis woaild h" f-o rh.se h)r your
hT^h*^ ^^J^ncaster county himl, v here c.un grows very
'^' ' ^""'^ g^^'^3 much shade. Our small yellow and

alnait lie nndlh' id' •luno') Int- whi- di t-lanr ♦> Inohc
apart, takinj; care in i''!ic\ing to keop a-> mu. h --il
on the roots as possible. After transplanting, water
well (if in dry weather) in tho morning.

An farly cr^p of peas, dwarf ..!• ' w>!i bean>, b' t-
uce tVc, can be grown on the ridg< s between tin?
trenches, ami will bo off in time to earth up, whi !i
operation should not he p«^rformed before Septcniher,
or they will be apt to rust. In earthing, great care
is needed hi keeping any soil from coming in contact
w ith tic .y-' wii "f the ]>lant. it is host with one hand
to gi';!-"!"' fli'' plant k'-' pmg tic «>t' m- ipiil" rloso,
whilst with the other you draw the soil tightly around
it. A little extra pains will amply repay in the su-

^' , — --- '-■»»««V*V . -K^VAk OLll<»ll Jf VillW *> .|MM ««.. .AM. All.\.lK. V^^V»t» pi»lll.-- ,1 lit 4»11I1M Jf I» I>.IY 111 I H U ^5 U

th*^ Ir ^ • ^^hite corn grows stout, and nn\y stand i perior quality of this delicious vegetable. The earth
fou *^ ^^^ ^^ uncommon thing to see three or ing up should be continued at least every fortnight

r even five good ears on one stalk, and the stalk that the stems may be thoroughlv blanched, leaving
inan six feet high. I prefer spring to fall ' only the tops of tho stalks ab^ve the surface.

I fit . 4 'sir,j|A^

J5'^,l

76

CoMMlTXir'ATloNS.

[June,

r( )MMi M( \r[ONs.

/ I

The varieties mostly cultivated are Seymours' new
white, Seymour's chamjiion (white,) tli*' Matrltloss
red and the Manchester or (liant red ; ih<' white aif
mildest in flavor and the most 8alca])le, but the I'd

ration if you would have your phuiu in inn,- cumii.
tion. Tn nb'uit fifteen day«? thoy will l.tj bhinched fit
for use.

Peas — Those f;rovvn fctr the succession should be

are of easier culture and generally of larger giowii.. I -""'"' >'!' n'-ularly, and as the earlier cropn have

BrocoU, purple cape, and white cape. — F»'w win*
have ever tasted of this delicious vegetable (which s<»
nearly approximates both in app-'in-ancc and habit to
the Cauliflower, and wliich is so inut-h easier culti-
vated) but are dosirous ul' aildin;:; ii to their stock.

TIh; seed should ])e sown IVoiu the middle of 3Iay
to the first ol" dune, and when ]ar^(3 enough, trans-
plant similar to ('abba|;e, manurin^i; we'l, (th(^ great
secret in growin*:; good vegetables.) The purple cajte
suits this climate the best.

Sugar corn may l)e sown every 2 or ,'> weeks for a
Fuceession. Al<o, dwarf or l)ush ]>eans, white, red,

niaturc'J, the lunilni or \ines should be cleared away
and the ground ]irepar<'d {'^■v lale cabtnigo, <fec.

r.jiprrs — 'ri-aii^|)!aiit thi-^ month, 'f he soil muHt be
;j;o(m1. Si't the plants 15 inelif< apart i':\<-\\ way, and
a< the season ailvanc(>s lioe tlh/m tVcrpiiaitiy and earth
up the stems.

Juidislirs. Continue sowing a few from tiiip' to
tim(\ They r(M|uirebut little culture and ahvuv>l' rai
a fine v(\Lretable f(»r the table.

S'llsa /)/ — Keepdown the weeds by h<^cing re^rularly.

Sj)in(i('/i — As the season has Ihmmi \rv\ backward.
Spinach which should have been ^own in Mart hand
April, mav yet be put in. Sch^ct an i'Iku situtition
\\v\\ enriched, lloe and cultivate well if large plants}

and yellow turnip rootid i-adish -lettU(MSit intervals,

also cucumbers for pickling, 'i^ransplant this m(»ntli, \ .^^,, .P'sir.-d. Thin out the plants when too thick.
drumhead, flat dut(h and red dutch ealtba^e, also , wiw-.i thov hM\ <• leavos two or three in, hos broad
diaimhead and gn^'n curled savoys for fall and wint- ' ^]^^, (jut<'r leaves may be gathered, the rout .ui I heart
er use. Earth up peas, beans, ]totatoes, ^('. Keep j^rin-j px^rmitted to remain to shoot out arralti.
all weeds out of the garden, as they are robbing your
crop of the very best of tlnir food, independently of
their unsightly appearance.

Beets. — Transplant them now fVoiu the seed bed
in rows of from twenty inches to two feet apart, and
about eighteen inches in the row. Let the soil be ri(di
and deeply dug if you w..uld have fine beets. Wat(>r haj.s be of advantage in f uauing a collection, which
after transplanting if the father is drv, continuin'^ wegive. Sweet Alvs>um,(lernian Asters, Phlox Drum-

In the Vh^wcr frfrilm ten<ler ]dants may ih^v^afe-
Iv be planted out, ami sucdi as have been unsuccess-
ful in raising their stock should till up with annuals
ready c^rown which may be had at a small advance
on the original pricr of the seeds, at any of the Seed
Stor(>s (u- Nursorvmen. A li«-t of varieties may per-

it until they begin to grow.

Carrots, for the general crop should now be si.wn

mondii, (iaillardica i)ieta, K-^ch -chol/ia (^difornica.
Crocea and fiunpacta, r>nsr.aiia aur^a, ( 'a.caha COC-

Sow in drills half an inch deep, in ri.di li-dit sandv ' cinea, Nemophila in>ignis and .Maculam. purple and
soil. As soon as the plants are u[. thin them out to ; white t.>n week stocks, Lobelia gracilis an 1 erinoi-
a distance of thre.M.r four inches apart. This may : des, Schyzanthus retussus and (irahamii. i'urpl»\
readily 1h> dnun with a small hoe. 1 white and scarlet Candytuft, Clarkia puldiella^ an-l

iv/;/ yy/,//^/,v should be W(dl attended to, regularly | Norifl.»ra, Clintonia pulclndla, Migim lettc ^I'l-'.n)

h b and if continu.Ml dry weather ])revails, an oe- , l>wf, French Marigold. Petunias varictes-Pupiiur

casi.aial watering will do no harm. Those intended Marsballii, Phacelias varietes, and Climhers, suci
forihc late crop may be transplanted in moist weath- as Thunbergia alata, Ip.-nKni (piamocbt or ( r;in-y>
er. Plant in row- two feet apart eaidi way. Dwarf Cypress vine. Maurandya Ibirclayaaa three \ arietiON
beans maybe planted between mws. | blue, j.ink. and white. Kccremo carpus scaber, lo-

Endive may be sown the latbu- ])art of this or the ' phospermum scandens and llendcrsonii— mostot
beginning of the following month. Draw drills four ' above blooming till frost. ^ ours,

or five inches deep about tw(dv(> iuidies apart, and
sow the seeds therein. A little light rich earth suf-
ficient to cover the seed should then lie sprinkled in
the drills. Water occasionally, and when two or three
inches high, thin thorn out to eight or ten in( lies
apart. The advantage of drilling them in this way
IS, that the earthing up is more easily done and very
warm weather docs not alfect them so nundi. When
eight inches high prepare them for blanching by ga-
thering the leaves closely in tlie Imnd, (being careful
that no leaves or litter remain in the centre) and ty-
ing them up closely with a piece of cotton twist or
matting. A dry day must be selected for this ope-

PaIM-A-VH !^-

rhiUvkiphia, J/</y il«>, ^^•'>-.

{Vir the Farm Journal-
The l-adies' Drpariment at the Statr Fiiir.
Mk. Kiutok: 1 was mud, plea-d to observe a
the State Pair at llarrisburg last fall, a very lar|:o
numlMT of artich's on exhibition wlm h were ^^
products of the industry and >kill ef ^^omen. - ^^
department o^ the Exhibition attracted more gener.^^
.tt.ntion, and to me no other possessed halt asiuiu
interest. W iule it may seem perfectly natura h
my tastes and inclinations should lead me to lulm
the display of quilts, needle-work of various kind.

productions of the dairy, &c., rather than the fine
horses, cattle and agricultural Implements, still I
ciniMt but feel, (an I 1 tldnk yai will agree with me)
that no part of the coming exhibition should be more
full V represented than that a]'prop!;,;t..,j to the la-
dies. Loudly as poets and authors generally, extol
the character of Americati w le- n .md boast the su-
perior deference paid th. m hy the other sex, I fear
that they are ra]ddly forfritin-; ilndr .dabiis f,, thi-
marked respect. Ly fhi- I >\n ]in\ ne.in \" -av tliat
tfitw are any less virtuous, or int.'ilii:-nt than f^i-mer-
Iv; hut I do a.--'ii-t that the udm-ai id' tie- pi-r-^nt
day (the jonng wmm-n 1 mean) are far more indo-
l.-nt 'iian t!i"-r of twenty or thirty \ cars since. There
V I- a tiine, and I reniemher it well, ; tbr 1 am now
..u the siiady si<le of fifty] wdien young Wduien. ami
especially larmei-'s daughters, w.tc taught to ri>e
uitli tlie lark, to spin, sew. knit, milk tie' n.ws,
churn tlie 1 utter, j'rrd the (dii<dveii«,, and attend to the
duties of the lioii>rh.dd eriirrally. < dear CMmph'X-
ions and taper tingers were not consid r.d a> e^>rii-

tiul to a youn-- ladv th.-n. .a< n-.w. i:,,.v ,1 ks and

hands that h^re ihe mark-^ >>{' hwrn.-t industry, were
doemed no disgrace, and tlie comf-rts ,,f th^' hai-e-
\M in the f)rm of hone' made linens nf mi .w y
whitenes.s, <piilis ami 'ount.rpanes id elal)()rate
workmanship, comtbrtable woolen ho.sc and gloves
f'T fathers and brothers, and the substantial provis-
i<.'n.s of the table in tho f.uau of -..hf n hutter, nicr
white bread, n-uly laid eg-^, t-mhr chick-n^. and
tho products of a well tilled garden (daiiued their
first attention. IFow i> it now? li,,\v will tic -irb
'>fthe present day c..mpareNvith those (d'tw.mv
voarssince? lluw maiiN nf th-m i^^,■v .,..• the v,,n
n.*«e, knit their own stockings, make th. ir ie.M. ,ji,ilts.
•^r attend to any othrr .luti.s than thov,> ,,f krrpiu^
theparlor>^ rl-.an. and plavin- th.- a^r^'cahle to voun<^
nion wun are ab.ait n^ industrious ajid u«dul as
themselves? Ib-form is n.>ede.l, and one nf the mimm
'•"•ctual M-p< towards su.di a nd'ormation lies in the
kerning .Stai,. Kxhibition. r.et the department of f,-
male induMry or.Mipy a permanent phi. v. Let the
Pr.Muiums be sufliri^.ntly larg.. to indue aeiive . ,au-
rj'tition, and above all, /t'/ there be a committee of

""i^n to decide upon the jnrrits of the articles exhib-
^" • Rythus fostering a spirit of .anulatirm amongst
J^i'^ymng women, mueh g..,Hl mav result, and tic
*"^"<lation belaid f,r a return t^ .'t h,.... ,ndi.-triwu.
^nd economical habits wh.i- h <diara.tmi/, d the u,rN
0 twenty years since. Excuse mv pi liu style of
''^'tmg and old fashioned way of thinking.

Youi> kc,

Mrs. M li X.

^^mcaster CO., May, l8;-i2.

Yot t ■ ! rrti J luriml.
V\\i- h'tii'-c (ir c!(tt !i« ^ >i,,! h.

Sicatn I I'.Ul.i, Marrh 22, 1852.
Mr. Editor : — Will you be kind enou;r|i t,, Joscribe
the character and habits of th- provoking, and fre-
quently destructive insect (commonlyj called house
motli) with which every housekeeper is more or less
troubed in this country ; any information you may be
kind enough to communieate thn.ugli'tlu: Parm
•bMirnil, (on the manner and process by which
the insect is propagated, the various tranformations

•iirou-h wiiirl, it pi^-, ., what state it i^ m
commits its ra\au'.'> in e\.r\-h!n' \s
in con'aet wiih, and what j. tp,. p,,,; j,.. .^ , ,,;.^. ;^ ,>^
^^'••.' will bo thankfunv re. iv,. 1 »■■ ,-, ,,-, ..f \,,ur

\\\\' n

ri It conio.s

suli>cri!

crihers.

\s i:. M

\i V \

Mr. Kmioi: : The " h-u^,* ni,.fh" a'lad. d t > bv
your <-orr.-p,,nd.-nr. h. !,.ri-< f., a \. rv r\\.u~\\. fa,a-
i'y ' Iifieid;e'i .d minu^' L-pid -pr-a- u- in-r,'?,, i,;,,.t
of whi.di in tle-ir inia.ro ur iM-rf.. r v-n-' ar-' d;--in-

L:u<h<

iv tleai' riari-'CA win

W 1 Ml ;i r a I I n m •! r.n ti

^i'sh w-ff''^'''''' TREES.—Scrape with a kml,- and
^ ^eiw ^ ^^7^ Strong soap suds, once or twice during

''oted'-%'^'' ^'•'^ ^^'"'^^ ^''^^^ ''^ ^^^ probability be o(-
troo «.'» • i"'^^ *'^ ^^'^S straw around the trunk of the
' ^'>^ch IS said to be an effectual cure.

(ontire) twisted -pirablearound liie bodv - c -im .dut-^l)
wh' n in a state ol repose; bodies gema-a'.'v 1 n- ,:!;d
.■>lcnd.T ; antenne of me,d.■■^a^■ h'Tigth, eifhr-imple
in b..th -o^.-^, ..r coated \\!;}i tine sot\ iiair l)eneath,
(pubescentjin the males: eyes and palpi prominent.
TIk; larvjc are generally naked or slight Iv hairv,
m;ihy undergoing their transformation^ in pwrtabh*
^ cases. t..rmod nf U'..- \,iri..us mat' ri;'.! up-n \\;,i(di
I thry h'.-d, .and con-'puntly, it is in that stal-- that
nuiriy of th. m p'Tj' irate and continue tledr work of
d'-Mie ti-p. attaekinj; woolen material o^ every dt^
scripfi' II. Uiv-^, hkins, i\:c., and i! nr ■— ! with hummer
will e\.iM'a' h ii:-. hair* and cotton ge,ods,out<d' which
. they abo (■..nMn:''t th. ir habitations.

I As soi>n a-^ tie- lar\a- of th'' .•'. f!).-^ nea!:> d'inea^
, are (Xtduded fVoiu tiie e.j;--v_ (whi.di lia\e j..rn yrv-
.Niously dep.,-.it.'d hy the parent f-ma!" up ai ?},.>
I nuiterial atfordiuL' lo,,d appropriate' t^ tic -levies)
thoy cimmenef f..rmiii:^- oa-- >j -hit. d to th-'vi/,. ,,f

: their b..di(>s, out of tdaneait- (>t' \' 1. w h irh ihoy mt

close to thethread of the cloth, and att- r felting ihcui
togeih. r, tiiey carefully line the inside with a coat of
fine silk which they spin from their mt>uth in the
same mnnn.r tliat the silkw.aan (IJombyx niorij does.
I!\treni.' necessity alone can comjtel th' ni t . I'ave
, these cases wh- n onceformed .md inhabited. \*' h. n
th.y want to feed, they put out their head from either
end of the case as may seem most convenient, which
apparently Ibr that j)urpose, has been left open. —
\\ li n inelim-d to move, tlie head and aboui l.al: the
body is protnil- 1. ihu • they move forward dra^'iring
the case alon.: wi:!i tie in by fixing thu hinder legs
(posterior prolegsj lirmly in the inside: these being
surmounted by a cornet of little hooks (as all Pepi-
doptcrous larvii) are) for that purpose form very effi-

♦ Kirby & Spence's Eut.

78

rOMMrXlCATIONH.

«

cient instruments of preiiension. They seem to de-
stroy a great deal more than is required for the
necessary amount of aliment, and therefore in mov

fact that they are enabled during the summer to pur-
sue their work comparatively free from interruption.

Being twili^rht f.r ni:';! it flyers, they are attracted, with

vn-? I

ruMMCXirATim'S:

70

necessary luiiuuiit ui tnii"^..-, — - , r ^'^ . i i ,.

inn from place to places thoy are no auul.t as ,nu..l, l.'r.!-s -I .Ml>or msecls of I,kc nocturnal l,ul„t*,

r> ^ ^ . ., . , 1 .... 1 1,.rl,(...l ! .1 ii.^' i.i- .'•.ii<]l<k^ 1 .11 I'll I >. .> '... .

incommoded as we would be ii. Nvalkln- tlmm-h
high grass; and accordingly in unlor Lu iaciliuue
locomotion, they with thc^ir teeth cut a smooth road
.(as close to the thread of the ch)th as if it Iki<1 boon
done with the sharpest razor) from tiin.' to uuw re-
posing themselves, and making fast their little cases
with small silken cabh'S. AVlim ii-oui tlir iiicri.'usoa
pi/o of the lar\:L' tlir (Mscs iM-coni.- too short, tlioy
easily lrn-th<-H tlirni by :uMin,i; :l ).i.ve to one or
lu,tli"<n'l- ; but to cnlart:;.' t!i-ni in width does not
seem to be so siiu].l(' :i t:iM;. For this purpose they
]!i:Lk<' :i straight cut about halfway down each side of
the case, into wbirb tli.'V put a pi.rc ibrnu-d of por-
tions of eroded wool, nh.'d top'tii'^i- :nid lined, after
which they proceed to enlarge the other end in the
sanio manner. This pro,—^ may be deiuon^trated
by placing them, and leaving them renniin for a
time undisturbed upon different colored chiths, v/b. -
they will present '' coats of many colors." When full
rrrown, lie' l;n-va of the doilies moths (Tinea) an:
from ai to /g "1="' '"'■'' "'" ^'''V-''' - \yUh^\ nake.l.
and the head and pectoral legs abright -lossy browTi,
The cases present a larger or smaller ap]M'aranee ac-
cording as the material from Nshi.h tlicy are con-
structed is coarse or fine. Alter chan-in- to a (diry-
salis in A|>r!l or May. aecordin::^ to external circum-
stances, they remain in a *juie<eent state about three
weeks, when small nocturnal m >ilis are evolved n[' a
silvery grayish color, about \ of an inch in h-n-th.
more or less, according to species, sex. or Ineid. utaU.
having the eyes promin-'ut ; palpi nnndi dewlopfd;
antenii.a' nKHlernte in leii-ih and (in the specimen
before me) simple: wini.^s slightly conv(dutcd. It is
in the \Nin-e,l stat.' and alter the imprcgnancy ol'
the i.'inaie.-. that they lav the loundation (d' their col-
onies o\^ tuture destruction ; and they are then so in-
Ri<T-nificant ;iu<rnicou<picaousin si/.e ami a]»pearanee,
that it is \\\\\\ diiheultv that we can Ixdieve tlu^y can
possibly be authors of so mueh mi-clii.T. I am not
fully advised as to the time or details in reference t(»
the disposition of their eggs, but lia\ing seen the
win<^ed insect early in the spring and also in the after
part of summer 1 liave been led to suppose there
may be at least two broods iu a }ear ; the s})ring
brood being of course the most destructive from the

around li'rh'.fd laioo-

^ , or eandles burning in our

(diaiubep^, and wlu^rever tlere is an aperture liir<'«'

# I have some of the larvse of the Tinea Umi I took from an old
woolen c:iruitMit iii Hie iH-giiiniiig of lust October, and coniin.-.i m
a box nutliiiff ma pieceolclotli for tlieiii to le.-.l up,m : mu- has
chaneed into achr>*ili8,aii(l,the others, (April lOlh.) an- slill tee-i-
inff -these have been kept all winter in a coM ro...... I h- p.rlecl

enough, ihey are sure to enter, where numbers of
ihom meet a common end by Hitting around the flame

until they <n-\ their winir^^ singed, and then fall lirl|>-
l.'>;^ into it, and tliu- parish. The females being soli-
.•ii(.u> for the pre.vorsation and perpetuation ol their
species, instinctividy seek a ]ilae'' to dij»(»sit llieir
e""^'"s, furnishing the necessary aliment ior tlieir yeun^
when hat(died, T}»e eggs are very small, a:;.] a
small ]»oi-ti(*n of glutinous matter \oided v.itji i-.ich
one, ])V whi(di they are cemented to the niat< rial ajwjii
whiidi they ha\<' been deposited: and ncr.over k'in<;
"•enerallv of a light color, they may e-isily •■hale our
(dosest scrutinv and bo taken for only a little du.^t.or
not observed at all. In this way our v.oolensare
pa<dved awav in dark moist places, fur the summer,
and m many insLauces reeei\ingno attention until
to(» late, or none at all. These are tlie most favor-
aide cii-iaim-t a neo- for the rajti'l d' ve]w|,in, iituf thede-
structive energies (d" the invci ; naiic !y, moisture,
darkness and uninierruption or quiet. AVoolens should
therefore be thoroughly beaten up and examined mi-
nut< ly offu during the summer, especially in the
montiis of Augu>t and Sepfembe:-, and every offender
didod-ed and destroyed; j'..r. as IVe^^nrnt comhingsand
aj. plications aft. a- the eggs huN e once lieen deposited in
the hair. d'animaM> the me).st.d"e-ti v.inode<.f oxtermi-

n-ating tic \ermin that are sure lu iuUo\N, with the
l.ast injury, s.., fre,,u.M.t .eardiin- interruption?.
lu-ating and airing- are the be.t iu eases where the
P,..s of the moth have b.'cn .h'p-'-^itid. Ibit in airin-.
care diould b<' taken in not having th. ni exp -d '■
late in the afternoon, or that no litth- Iciiiak' i.Ma> t.
carried in, in misplace.Uympathy, and miu-In ^;-a
,d away with the articles you are >o solieitou^ .:t k •
scrvin-^ from their ravage^. Kxp.rience has Jrmon-
.trated to me that in many inManee^ ihe larva^ottbo
,l,Uies moths are entirely o^o,•|o„ked ly mdi^nant
,„,..,k....p'''-n. their anxi.ty to lind the supposed
„,i;m.ha-, NNhuhol can-e they imagine must be some-
tlnn- more formidable in app.arance than the httlc
,,:auu-e we are inst des.nhing, and woe bet.de the
hapless intruder of any other tnbc, hu. .ver mnocent

],, may be. If he makes an attempt at escap<'.
,ni,eharg.dtohim:amitherealofiendersmoreU

dniken olV as .xenanent or tufts of gnawed wck)
^,, ,,,,,, ,a hit b>wend th.ar way back ag:nn.

1.- t:i a

... I

moth or imago, l)efore allii<l<d to, evolved iro.iithe eur.s.lis
the 7th of April, It being coiilined in its winter opeiatioiis in a
warm room, near where a stove pipe enters a line I ii. veals
■omelarvie that I t(>(>k froman old garinent on the Dth ol Apri.
on© of these was feeding upon and had forin.d its case eiuirely out
of cotton material. This, I am convinced, from the eircumstanc s
under whicli I found it, was a case of extr ;me necessity : tlie um-
mal being bo hemmed Ju, that there was nu altcraative but starva-
tion.

,.„.,sll,l,-. ,.r t.. tln,l soHU. t,.wli.l.l toconuuu
l,,,or.. T„M„hitnv.y>^^'...-r,..mlto know -
,l,e clothe. .n.,.l,s„Olw,rhu-v.M,:ao never make a

aten.pt to escape, .ley are not organ.r.ed for un,
tivfc locomotive movement. The only acUv.ty doUcc^^

in" the end of the case when interrupted, which they
effect by collapsing them. Indeed, it is not a matter
of8urpri.se that they should thus «dude the notice of
a common observer, for some how, being - n-llde of
the proximity of an enemy, iliey continue thus shut
up for some minutes, when if you continue your ob-
servation, you will see them cautiously protrude their
heads, but suddenly di t.v tl ■ m in again, (like boys
phiying "hide ttd go se.-k,") on feeling the agitation
nf the air oulv, caused by von r breathin'^ to,) n,--ir
them.

There i^ another spei'ies, not so common in our
heu.^es n< the f.rnn-r. that attaek th.- linings (,f rdv-
ria^es aid >alier woolen go,d<. that are in an unpro-
tt'Cte(l state. Tlevs,; do not e..n^trin't a movcahh' ca^e
as the fi'-ni-'r do. biit eatinj; tie ir way irito t!

lie is the sudden drawing in of the head ; and clos- my inU^rest as some other- ( mi.r an v eireumstances

« /« . 1 1*1. lll*lil W av* "^

I would rather the task had been assigned to abler
hands, noram I sure that further investigation will eon-
firm all I havesaid: as lam certain that muchremains
to be developed, ii iioweverthiscommunicationeanbe
of any beneat to the readers of the Farm Journal, or
elicit the least in(iuiryor investigation on the subject
discus.sed I may still have the a.ssurance of knowing
that I have in a very humble degree performe.l a
service. s s i'

V T V.\i' I'lrni jMtirsia!.
A place i\n e\er\ Hmu'.

To THK KnrioKoi nil Pm;m .),., 1; N M,.--S()ino t h i r-

ty-fl\.' yars ago, 1 pmvha^. d i-v m;. ,.un u-.. -,,nn>
, to.-N. whieli ^^■■r<' o,va.i, .n.ally ii-.d ly my yuun-
"' '''"'h mrn, bin thr-u:h v.;e>^.' wan; ..f cav,-, (li-.y wer.. ,,|-
th.7 form themvolvo. -all, rh-s jln-l with >i!k. in ten mldai 1 an 1 .sumclime.s lo.^r.

whi.di they resid.' and iinderLT'^ th.-ir trand-rmatlon
—and yet another species, that i- \.tv partial to tur-,
and ladies hav(^ often to depl,,re tip- !-.i\aL"'-- .-"mmit-
lod upon their mulls, tij pt:ts, capes, A.c. U is said
that this species, if h ii-.| pressed, wiil ovn eat wool
"T horse hair, and form it.> mo\ralde habitation of
«u(di materials.

As tobacco iu its concentrated or manufactured
form is obnoxious to insects generally, it is recom-
mended by some that woolen goods when packed

Ibdi- mii.il annoyed by If, 1 a,] .pn-d the phiM ,,f
marking out tlie shape of each tool; an I thus ar-.nu-
el ;in old 't ; i:,v whieh I ha ! been long striving, viz:
inotj. iiig otiiers to return things to their places, with-
out 1m in„' mil. !i looke.l after. Many years pas-^.d hy
inf.^o I thought of extending it further; but us ne-
cessifi/ Mill h_al> to inctniion, I found the same prin-
ciple, (that of **aA'A'oc/a//ow,") could be variously ai>-
plied, and with erpial success.

For some years my ganlen tools have been thus

hrii-h'

1 I!

away, shouM I-' plentifully >e,a-^..n'd with oi-Mni: ' ■^^"'■^"- ^- '^ ''">}' stable, forks, shovels, ],rooms, dust

Fnuffor chewing tobacco, ('amohor i< a]> > ro.-um '

m.^nd-a, buti know fr an ex[.,.rirn.-. that .amidor

ha.^ little or no effect in presersim: mv in.M'cts from

tho cabinet moth, i iia\c, therchue, more confidence

in tobacco.

"It is said tha^ m )l!i- nev-r att,a.-k unwadie,! wo(d

-that is, wool a> it Com.'S from the sheep',; p^.-k, be-

f T*^ aiiy rhaiivin.j; proee^s has b. en applied to de-
prive it of it. natural oil or smrll. It is tiierefop'
'•"'-'dni.Mid, d to be plaee.l in layers between cdothe.
^r blankets, or kept in small pan-js in drawers
where they ai-.. k.ptd (.Maun. Tr<. ]\\<. hd.) This
latter remedy 1 h.-.v.. levr t-t^d. and. therof.re,
^•^nnot speak of it aihisihlv; ii is however simph-
^nd worthy ,>f a trial.

'Ven with the-se remedies, woolen goods simuld b..
*^'^Pt perfectly drv. nnd fn^pnaitly aired and exam-
'"^J.andall th.Miiall fdiclesor cases contaiiiin_Mle.

rry . anbs, Sn\, are so provided ; and . \. i
my ri din/ hri 11 ^ liave their preci.se places marked
out. wiih the sliape (ddhe bit, <fcc.

Til- ut. n-;U u.>e 1 in the kitchen, that are hun'^un
are -ymne trically arranged u|.-n fliat plan : an i al-
though th.' e.M.k ha~ rc'N.T 1 .-n desired to keep them
in tlcir plae.... y; t!ey an' le-v.-r f.un 1 <mt .;f place
ext'tpt wlcn in use.

Th.' sane- prineiph. i^ anjd.d in . ur ."tore in \ari-
oiis way>-. and with ■> I'l^heioj-y r -::!;-. i:,i h cum-
t'-r li;i> its cmI. .", :i.m:?;al!v. \i/: /r..?),
ia'own. r-'d, vV.-.: < ur hiai-lp- .i?; 1 \ .\ ]
diap" of whi.di e^aid ii-t !-■ Ml i!-k.d ■.i:t i ,v wan' of

-pace, an' painted to correspond with these colors.

\n op^ming in the right hand end of each counter, is
i!ie place for the dust brudies : an<l a convenient
plaee pi-ovid-d f.r tic y;i-d sticks. The color bein*"

1 , , 11 I

ole. tuaeh:,

-'i' k^. \\\o

n-piem u<. \rA< -lie desir. 1 - ffeet, and leads to great

larvujof m,.tlw ..... e 11 n . , , > , I ''"-T'llnity. and hv>ens ilu; care of the principal in

^ "I mollis carefully collected and hstrov. in I ,1 . 1 ^ *• 1

thswix-o^ u / - '^"' I'd'" ^t^ almost entirelv.

'»« way an ''ounce of prevention is worth a pound
of cure."

'*^^'' thus gixcu the inlormation comm.>n«urale

^''"ny Umited knowledge ol" tie hramii ,1 Knto-

c«y to whitdi tie- insrct in .pn'-rion belongs ; a

'•^"eh replete with interest and u-.d\ilness ; but in

c^'^nsequonce of the fragile character of the insects

^^■^i belong U) it, and the difficulty of their preserva-

'^n. one that has not heretofore cuhsted as much ol

Scraps are prevented from collecting upon the floor,
by having scrap bags convenient, behind rach coun-
ter; and there are other arrangements upon the samo
prineiph', whi. !i promote good habits and increase
the u-!uhiess of those about us, which can be better
un<h I-'' ond if seen.

There is a virtue in it, which cannot be appreciated
till it is tried; for it not only induces the employer
himself to be more careful, but leads to regularity on

r

80

COMMCXirATIOXS.

[•^'■^K.

,» J

cOMMfMr'ATIOXS

ki

^ "MT,*> n, Wf^T'- - 1«-«* « nmmuKU*

the part of others; which is often of vital imiioitanr.
to success in any kind of busincsn. lliibit^ uf care-
fulness should be furmcd in early life.

If a tool is lent, the borrower i^; awaro, that thorr

(!.. in cr every tiling, uud if one method faila, we must

trv ;uHit li(}r.

'I h.' {.riiiciples of order an<] nratip -- uroso simple

and HO plain, that it ii'^eds lait u inM.i.riite att('r»ti<.n

t'> iin(Jerstaii<i iht-m; an<l lait it;is.,ii;iM«} effort to put

is a tell tale in its place ; an«l il" he tail to return it thrm intn ^.rarthc: hm that ctluit must be continuo.i

1 . , ,.,1 ii • • ' au'l rwr-'\ •■nil in, until wf hu(;(!('<>(1. For stoii \iv

in season, it ceases not to admonish, till the nn^sn.^^ ^^^ I ^^ ^|^^,j ^^.^; _^ ^^_^. .j.ti.i.n-ies; and tlVn!;;.

article is restored. Thus many thinrrs are promptly ^sci.-uMir.-. nf "^-mn.' yrn-vr^< uH! mcmrajro further
returned, and in good order, that for want of it. aic (^xortion. AN'f shuuM iw\*r I'm-j-.t that to become tit-
left about and abused; the owner subjected to in.-.u- ty.! t-- ti:iin nHi-is it i^ .■^p.'clally nccdhil we nhouM

vonience and for want of seasonable attcuiioii tlic} , .' r i • i. • ^ i i ,

vtuiLiK.1., mi«i lui ^ ./ I AiMiniiniit andsuccesshil a'^ruaiHiin.t wht'M a*«kt"l
are perhaps forgotten Ml- h)<t. T*e-i(les, aitichs thus - -

cared ii-r, are found to he much more duralile, than

when hCt to (duuice. Uesj»>'etfully thy friend,

ToWNSEM) SllAKi'LESS.

rhlUohliiliLa^ i')lh in<>., •!//<, LS-VJ.

Order Ciueriilness.

what nuule a ;j:ood farm"r, nplird, '• To mind littl.-
thin<^■^." When we visit a nei;ihhor wIim i> i' m irk-
able for good management, w«! are struck w ith the j,.-
culiar eil'ect and heauty of his arrangemi'iit> ; ilihou^h
perha])S at first we can hardly t»dl why. \\\v when
we come to analyze, Ave (liseoNcr it i^ tie' rt-uh of at-
tention to "little things;" providing jdaces lur thiiig-j
and kee]>ir.g them in tlndr ])laees.

If, when we enter a house, we see scraps of papor.
ra'j:s and pieces of thr<'ad scattered nv! r tli ■ tluor — if

if we properly con-id^'rcd our true interest, and in

deed our own eonvenienc(\ wo should be led to se( ...^ ^ „

the importance of the moral inlluenee resulting from , the di(-ss of the hous.'wife has Ikn-u thiown iipun h.r
kabita of order. " ' "^ ^ ' ""

Kvon children perceive the biautv and" advantages
of care and neatness; ani aiiuu-t iii>nnctivciy a<iiuno
the practice, from the example i.f those with whom
they arc associat< d.

Some perscms }>lead. that th^y bav(^ no turn for
such things, and therefore they are (^xcusahle for their
neglect. But this is a mistake. The real dilticulty
arises from a feeling of which some are scarcely con-
scious; and which few are frank enough to acknowl-
edge. Is it not to save oiirs<dv(>s a little trouble? Is
it not self-indulgence? To he plaiie-is it iiot iiulo-
lence? And does not the indnl-rucc id' this feeling
cause more of our tr^uldc^ and diiiicultii's than nuiny
are aware of?

wiihoiit care, and ])erhaps soile<l and t^rn: if fi-r
children are disorderly. uncuml>c(l and uncleanly,
does il UuL aiicol Ub unplca.suiiiljy ? and uc u>t..iH' -1 *-
better management, do avo not turn from it with di-^-
"•u>t? Are we at anv lo<-^ to dctermim- that in«]'-
lence is the eauso of all tlii-? <'au w .• douht that it'
the housow ife had pr^jHidy attended t.. ••little thin;;>,"
— ua< an earlv ri-er and made the best of her time—
that her iMoiii* her dress and hor children, weiiMhav''
he-n entirelv the reverse, and Instead of an offensive.
Avuuld have'ii'"''^''"^'''! ■'*' in\itin'.:- a].tM\aranee? For
what is morehecoming than a neatly dressed woman?
.u-more tlelightfuUv interesting than a family of cleau
and orderly' (diildren? The ne're rireum^tanco of a
small ha<' being hum: up in each ro-m. and the scraps

'■ ihitsof care

.- , , reTuhirlv del) )sited ther(\ will prnuiMte i,a

For example,— if we have unnecessardy ne^jlret.-d _^^- ,.i,.anlin''ss. beyond what <eu!d h a n.' been antici-
pated, '{'hi- nrav seem a small matt, r, hut it i_» tlio
/*'7////////'/ ofnrder; and if^tnctlv 1-1 lowed up._ its in-

lluenee will he f.dt thrMogleait the whel- funilv

lint may n )t the same principles hi> applied els'^'
where? Is there notiiing to he done on the uuts^idoel
the hou>e? Let us examine--how is it with tli- .<"nev>

and the hedg(>s, and the apjiearance

(,f the Jweljin:.

a duty, or have left an article out of place, wineti
might as well have been r:nu'ned at the time; it we
have done a ihiiej. indiU'ei-eut ly whieh ought to have
been d'Hie well nr if we ha\e tailed to aceomjdish
Tin object for want ol <iue exertien ; -What istherea-
Hon? ' li'^t us he honest and examine fairly. Is it not

that we have given way to the huding spoken of?— ^ _^^^^^ ^^^^_ ^^^

And d.. w.' not find that this feiding gains strength by , *^^.^^ ^j^^^^^ ,^j*p ^^'^^^^^v n.^yl.' ^.u a suj.ply <d .'foi c
indulgence? Ibit how are we to get rid of it? The ^ j.^.^^.^ treVs c(mven?ent, and of' such grape viie- a^ '.^^

repU is, we mu^t o'Utend a'j:ainst it. am. show it no " ■

quarter; and litth' hy litth' wc will gain the mastery.
Karlv life is the best time to eradicate it; hut it will
yield to ])roper etlbrts at all ages.

You ask, — how is this to be effected ? The an^w (>r
is, by learning to love labour. Ibit to do this, you
must study to make eviM-y kind ef luisin'^ss a ph\asur(\
To a n-reat extent tld^ can he done. For by car«d'ul-
ly digesting, and then adopting, the most simple and
systematic mode of performing c\eiy duty, greater
precision and success will be attained; and being

simplified and made easy, the performance will be- | ^^.^^ . ^.^ i,^. indu-irious wleii yu ;^''^'. ^'^""'"V.,'it thi.-^
come a pleasure. For no positiim is more true than i^f, saving wleii \-n are vxa-iefnl? If vou Kj'*' . Jj

■ -■ " ' • " '' ' ■ stateofthin-. .io veu not e,,cenrageit?am r ^^^^^^_

really teaching theni the n>ver.eMud.:U^)^

est reouires? Do you le.t see it . n .n , , .- - tliC
r.useuptovourdutyandsetab.M-.a-.xa-nd^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

•,,,,,,/ ^^;^dovoun,4reneanhevthatulK■neur)^^,

this: iVhatever ice feel we do icell, ire take plrasurr ni
doing-, and is not the converse e(pially so? AV hatev-
cr we feel is not \Nell done, affords us j\o satislaction.
If, therefore, we learn to do everything well, will net
the doing of every thing then be a ])leasure? Does
not this correspond with our own experience?

Difficulties will frecpiently occur, but these must
not dishearten us, as nothing valuable can be accom-
plished without eftbrt;and for our encouragement we
bhould always bear in mind that there is a way of

nave uiuie >>'. m->. .- - , „non U-^-

the cn:u,m.1c ot a xviso l'.-ov„ ...cc bo lo.t^ >P -^ j^^
and shall we not ho impruvod by ^''^t «»; '^', ,^,,vo
for our instruction as well as our bonofi ? uu
the operations of nature ! How beautiful. How

«»!

A SEPARATE PLACE TOR EACH THINC, AND rVFRY THIN ; IN ITS ILACE.

stand the winter, and are they kept well tnu.in.^^
llav.^vniia woo.Miou-e? 1^ it well .applied wiui
fuel and neatlN arran-ed? If.w is it wit. the ff^r-
a.nandthelnmt vanl -and the lane -''' ^ ^^^'^ f^"!
vard, andthe harn .^ Are thev in good eimditu".
llaNc vou scrap hags there? or in other words luu
vou suitable ph.ces f-r unsightly ll>nigs-fer un
'things as cause disor.hr, ami litter .v-'-M^'";"^' Vpi
and serve as examples .d' mismana-eiienf ;nu > j. _
to those about vou? If vou have not. why. sit. m ^ M
.an vai expeet^hMu to iu. careful .ienymaix^U^^
' • • are slothfid: aiiu v

;||jrji% adapted to their en.i:---theorder--tlie regu- | tlie (deject contemplated, pr, vide a small ho<,k with
_ ) ■" Wonderful eeonomv ! nothin- in vain— I hut //ro /,,//•, . an d as th
"[''"^wuMe.l nothinglost:' • ' little matter. ;.,Mavr.

ley iM-^Mr to you. note in >^ucdi

.utvcmwov I " • , , ■ -' ' -i"'-'"'' '''If'': ^">' ^vill tien h.j

■im2^ *"" ''=^"' ""^ '"'"' ^" :^tt'''"l f" f''^'^'' ■•'hie to attend to manv thin-s whef, are n-w re-!,,..

^^vmirn?^''". ''''''•?,'''''''' '■''''■'' "^ ''''*' ^'''''■'''''''''^ ^'■'^- ^ thought ol ar a haMire time ~|;,u

■•tW m T ''" '' ^"^ '^''"'^ '" ^'''' ^'"'^- ^" ^'''' ^'"' ^"'"^ "'^^^^ '"' "^^i"nned ^A/./y. and ch.am d upas

, i e,s wp mav be nnlustrious, and yet omit often as possiide; {,,r if tie- it. an. are suffered to ac-

•' '^ncN ttirough ne^li^enre.

\re there not snme other tliines to he lo,.ked after:*

! 'U_dis ;

vour

' "H-'th(id''^'^^ "} •"""J'"'"'-^' •'"M''".^'i"^' '^ '^ ''^ '■'■■ ^^'^"^ ' •■'•ndifion. and in th ir f r'.p.T pla.'cs: or are r!e'v ex-
•i-" usefi"!.! '■"! '""' '.'•'" I'" "I' ''"' '"•] measur.M.fl posed to the weather, and - Mue of tlcm mi-1 aid or

V'JUri«?» --o" "^ ,-»'^;e,,, .-. cumul ;te. the t,(u,k w-i!l lo^e its virtue.

■''"Ved ti tV' » ^^ '•'"ii-^e. hut is all y.eir time em- Are there not snrne ,,ther tliines to }„• |o,.ke.| aft
'^•^tsof •; ^, ''■''^ advantage ■.> !>,, you note the frag- Uiiere nre your implements of f if, :,r vajr p! ai-

^r'»un.l V ' '"v "^"' ^^'^^^''^ ''-^ •'"""'■''^^''^' '""' '^"'"'' i •^'""' ''■^'"•■""^^■^: your h.M^ and \ our shovels; yi

ou. > -u veo then it is not for want of time; j iork., \our rake' and -■\fl„.s? "\r.' tie v in -■

futun.-. lor do vou not renean.. . >.,. . " "^ , . j^ ^H ■ ' ^ - "ur mt^ re.r, to
have done so. how pleasant ha. heen the ^^^^^ | ^ove our.dve.; and

• . I)..,., ..loTi,>o ViO lost Ul»>" . , ■ no CAn o,... ... I- ,

•iinov '', """^ ^^'^'^''^it it. Vou an> saving of your I lost?
\\\\ \ '''" ^^''.^' ""t ec(.n(,nii/e vur time.
•'•"'K'uM all rem.auher that i't is our dutv. ai

d our

j Have you a to(dhous.'.^ HaNe voii a W"ork->hop '
and It' you have ret. tliTe lau-t tteri 1m- v, ni > di-.rd-r
"It; re-;f^ to instruct otli''!s ;is w-d! as to ' and is not tliat rlc cause? For a d-fi.

It mav he tnilv sa;d. t

ei' \\>

iene\ ( { care
in one respect e;* a e -rally l--:!/!- to ir in uthr;r.> ; and it
is tlie hdf'if 'd car- vu niu>! a- oiiiri\

Would you know the secret of having things keep

Uea^H ^7'"'^'^'^'' ''"'' tea.d'iotlierstoperf rm witl
,r as f|"^^^^'^'«i'^ii"t af duty, is as much a henefac

"^'^whcrM f^'^"'"^^ ^^^ '''*^*^ blades of grass to m M^j>;>/ar^,v .' then provide 8uita])!e ph7cesfi)rthenK
e Out one grew before." To assist you in | and have a distinct and separate place for each.

82

OOMMUNKLVTIONS.

t.T

T'NF

1^'2.1

COMMUNICATIONS.

But thcHC places must be convenient and easy of
access; and the articles must be arr\no;od with sr.mo
taste, and so as to produce a pretty om'ct. This will
be pleasant to the eye, and will awaken a fct'iiiio; ot
interest in those in your ('iiiploy, iind each one will
take pleasure in proniotiii^i; tlic olij.'ct. To ensure
success, however, you must ^o further. You must
mark in (jidline the exact sliap<' of each article upon
the wall or partition a<;ainst whieh it may be placed.
Try it and you will be astonished at the result; it will

Plow, manufaetured by Geo. Euokman, l^iut-vilio

Bucks CO.; Minnich's Plow, manufactured by Jul,;

Miunlch, M'c]ianics\ille, I^aucaster co., are all .,.

them excellent implenu'nts.

The iron plows of Messrs. Hall lI Speer of Pitt»

burj.^, as well as that of li. Hall's referred to by ou;

correspondi'iit, perinrmed ^\ell at the State Fair, an.
Try it and you will be astonislied at the result; ii will | attracted much attention, (iarrard's plow, of All.
act like a charm in restoring thin^rs to their places. ^ ,,},^,,jy county, also did excellent wmk.
And from it you will derive a furth.'r advauta^n., as ^^, ^ ^^^.^^^^ .numerate many otliers, but think \

A. M. will be able to suit himself from aiiiMii;: i ,,,,..
mentioned. We lujpe the inijuiry will iiidiict' s-mi

<^n

you will thereby be enabled at a glance to see exact
ly what implements and tools belong; to y«m, and
niore pains will be taken to keep them fit for use.—
AikI if at any tim<i they should be left out of place,
or U\ lent to a careless neighbor, you will be contin-
nally remindcMl of it until they are returned, and thus
often saved from loss.

The good effects of this plan will not stop hero, for
its successful operation will be a valuable example in
the neighborhood, and a ])ractical illustration of the
beauty and usefulness of order.

It will also serve to fix in the minds of those about
you, a prifu-iple api)lioal)le in various other forms,
and'it will gradually pnxluce an effect up(m their

of our correspondents to furnish us with intorinuti :
relative to the respective merits of the pln\v> ai,' .
named, as well as of others, with which w.- ui' i,
ac(i[uainted.

Fur the F.triu Jouriial.
North Western Pennsylvania.

Mr. Editor: — As in([ulri(\s have latdy appoarf !
in the Farm Journal, asking information in r.-^^ard t
habits that will, m^rf or less, influence all their con- , |i,,» ,.,uui;fir>T» rtf Agriculture, nrice of laiul>. itc, ii
duct. ' .MiQioN. - - ■ •

JS^ote.—TXxa diagram at the head of this article is a
copy of a closet recently fitt^'d, and comprises m(>stof
the tools that would lu' needed for a family. For a
firmer, a greater variety would of course be refpiired.
But the design of the plate, is to show that any set
of tools or implements may be so arrjinged as to pro-
sent a symmetrical and tasteful appearance ; by se-
lecting some prominent article as a ])oint or centre,
and radiating, or otherwise arranging the others

arii)und it.

The tools are secured in their places by stnjdc!^
made of wire, and by small brass or iron hooks, or
by nails. One of the'awl handles is hollow, and con-
tiiins about a dozen blades of different shapes, each
ot which will fit firmly into the other handle. The
nliape of the toids as there represented, was marked
out by a small stiff brush, and w^th ink. The cost
of the tools at retail price, was SH ()7.

For the Farm Journal.
The Best Plouj;h for CJcneral Farming; Purpo8e§.

Mr. Editor: I take the liberty of enquiring
through the uKMlium of your valuable 'Mournal" for
information in regard to tln^ selection of the best
Plough for general farming purposes. I suppose you
or many of your contributors to the " Journal " \n^-
ing practical Agriculturists ct)uld give the necessary
information. The soil in this region of country is
of rather a sanJy nature, not having very stiff sward
in general. The best plough we have is U. Hall's
Patent. (Pittsburg) I think this ]tlough rather lieavy,

especially for light soil.

Yours, with respect,

F. A. M.

Mercer counfy. Pa, 1*^52.

[Pawling' s I'loic, manufactured in Montgomery
CO., Pa.; Proutty iJh M^.irs No. 5^ and 45, i\m well as
several other kinds manufactured by the same firm ;
Plank's Cutter Plow, manufactured in Cumberland
CO.; Cresski-^s Plow, in the same oo.; tlie Wiggin's

Northern Pennsylvania, I deem it of importance t

communicate what facts, particular oliscrvation ar. ;

authentic accounts have put me in possesssiun uf, '

any who may contemplate settling amaig us. A_

riculture either as a science or art, scarcely r»uks

here as high as the platl.>rm of mediocrity— routint^

farming is the evil with us— and as uur fathers tii«l.

so do W(— manuring is the same as with our :w<^o^t>^r^

— jiloughing is the same— and as an in^'vitable e-'ti-

se<pience, the crops are the same. Ibit this cami.-t

long exist, for we have an excrllent s^il, groat uiitii-

ral advantages— and evunow a few beams from th.-

light of science ha\ e penetrated the ilark places— ani

made the cmce unproducti\e wastes blossom as th-^

rose. Ourpe(»ple are awakeningtoth.■irinte^osts;hll^•^

partly dropped their prejudices against " 1 k li-:

ing"— and a few leading men in our county, alth-u::
alone, will e\entually work a complete nf.rniati....
An Agricultural Society has lately ben or;;aniz.'"f
which, if rightly conducted, must be pro.lucUve of

much good.

The population according to the late census .^
nearly lO.OtKt, compc»sed ot emigrants from other sec-
tions of the State, Germans. Irish, Yankees, am.
French. Education has a very prominent 1"^^'^'*|° ,
there are fiv<' academies, one college au.l several u.
schools within the county. We have five papo"
three political, one neutral, and one whose chara. ^^
I do not know. The lace of the country isunduUU....
but not hilly. It is watered abun.lanOy. and sen ^^
beautiful streams pass through it, H.ei ^;^"^^
their origin hen^ The celebrated >^«n;^-^^^
ed from one.(which bears the name of Od crcWj ^^
is n.ade an article of considerable trafiu-. Nat"
signed this section of the "Keystone State, for _
ing, but very good grain of all kmds can bo ra..

^ith an ordinary anv ,unt of labor. ! . „ul 1 not esti- ' on a modest and moderate defence of the power nonu
mate the average crop of wheat at the pr. ..m. I,u, I jnrlv imputed to the mnon

doknow,th:vt a Che.tor county farm-r cameherctwo. Urh.. la-lv i. ur.n,^ .],. h:,. ^vi,b b .-nonjr oth

years ago, and bought a farm near a thriving village ' ors, a pl,li.,.,,pl„ ^ .f ro,.ar.,ti,.n, :., |,.a.st 0.^.1 u> the
at?l?>d'llnrsper nrre, nnJ on whi.h the pn-viou. ur.ti-luMarians-nav. tl',.^ (at!,, r .! phv.ical phihno-
owner could scarcely e.xceo.I :, tirt....n bu<hol crop.- phy-L..,-! l^eox him,./r. In his Sglca .^Luum
Af^er one application of manure aiel Iccrb. .] as}u>s. he ' (century IX) ho remarks :_ •

raised more than thirf>/-firc busheN of -■.>.„{ Nvh.'at to! «.'ri • .i , .

c 1 i.' 1 , 1 ^^^- "''''«'''i''^s of the moon most ohserve.l .r.

oaeh aereof ground. Oats and corn do vorv w.-ll witii I r„nr * - r n • ' "i )hi onserM-i ar.>

i ,• , , ,, , , * , Vi'^"r. " »*'i* fJ»'' liMT-ase of moisture thr noin-

us. and fiii'l cnn-tant demand and a ca>h market.— ion r.-coivod U tl,.,t ... i -n '

^ , rr r ♦! .• r . '^ '^' '^''^^^ ^<^''^" ^^'11 grow soono^t ; and hair

r,r.at ,punt, tie. of cattle an- dnvon away from this and nail, and hodg.s and .hrub. .ut .^. .ill ,...w

hy l.:w.rn drovers t.,stoek f^trms, and also fbr the soonest, if they b. sot or cut in tie- increase oF the

\..vv >iork marke't. ^V o<d is not of as fine a .piality moon. * * Take some se..N ..r root. a. onions

^vith u. as It isin various other parts of tho State, b„t <<'<'., and set them iinmediatelv aftor tho oinn uid

M-e find rea.ly sale for all we grow, ami rec(dve a fair «»ther. of the sane, kind, imim-diatolv affr the full ■

price-from IVA to 40 cts. was the range last year.- let them bo as like a. can be, the earth aKo the.ame

Timber is abundantand of an excellent (piality. Pine as near as may be. and therefore L.-st in ].ots. Lk

in tho eastern p.ortion of the county, and .,ak, poplar, the put. abo stand wIeTe no rain or sun may come

walnut, cherry, white ash, Sec, Ac. in the other j.arts ^' thrm. h-t t!,,. dlfbrene<' of the weather conf.amd

;;row to a \ery large size, and add materially t<» our ! the experiment ; and then >e,. In what time the ..eeds

pln-sical adNantage.. The Erie Fxten.siun Canal ^"'^ ^" ^^"' increase cf" the m,.,^,, ,.ome t.,;, rerf.,in

passes n-rtii and south through tlie western part, "'■'^^^''^- !*"d \v>w they ditb-r from th^sM that are set

giving us direct communication witli i'ittsburg .md "» ^'" docrea.-e ,,f the mo(<n. * ^ There mav };e

Erie, and bringing us within thirty-six liours ride "^'"■'' ^''^'^'"''^ '•'^••' '"^ "^ th- irdluenee <d the n'io,,r
of New

is being located at the pr.-..Mit time, whieh \NilI pass
in the vicinity of the canal, and giN,- u^ ad.lite.nal
advantages. I hav not mentiimed NNJiat att.'ntion
fruit culture is c^.mmandlng here, but we will assure

V-rk city. The Pittsburg and Krie lI.K,,ad ^^ ''"'^ ^^J"'' 'i"t v-t brou-i,, int<. (dis.rvati.ai." -^. \ ,,,j

the author then proceeds to name several . t" thoHC
among which are some witli ul,h h n; ..; Jarniei. be-
lieve themselves to l»e familiar.

I'he induefive p|iih.<. ,pf,y taught by Ibu'on, whieh

- ' ' • -^ . -•■■•■..1.11

any who design .•ouiing iiere, that we have good fruit, ^""^^ ^" fi''^ •I'l 1 .li-eards th.Mry wlii. I, is !,a..'d

\vuh tlieexceptioif(dj.eaches, ami these will not en-
dure weather as cold a^ i. usually f..und between
41° and42^ The curculio ui' late yeiirs has done con-
siderable damag.', but if swine are confin.-d near to
the roots of the tree, it usually puts the little f.dlow
^^ !n^ WHS end. The pear blight is an unusual oc-
» urr-iiee.

^[ 'i"y design removing from the thickly settled
j'eeti.a.s of P.-nnsylvania to the "far west,"'let them
•ef«rr ^,,in<; so far, examine tin? merits which north
andnurih-western I>ennsylvania so largely , ivsent
and compare the ndative price ,.f lands of this, with
^nouot^mous prairh^s -th. moral and jd.- v.ieahuK an-
l^geswc have over a great deal ..f the Western e,.nn.
p; and if th.> scdid and calm conclusion is not in
"^'^f ^'^vnr, then we submit to superior judgment. I

.. A. McIiEv.v WniTF..

^i^^rCioicn, Crawford Co., Pa., May 22.

For the Farm Joornal.
I'Unar Inlluence.

• • 'OiTou:^-! observe in your piiblieation a
Jl^^ussion on tho influenee, real or suppo^.d. ..f tie

planV" ^'" '■'*'''^^<^"" ('^ tiriib. r and the growth of
j..j^" '"' ^^^- '^'^'JOfirt treats the subject very summa-
. ' IS endorsed hy an anonymous correspondent

^-L "^ "J ««••« ttiicmjiiious correapuiiueni upimuii 1:1 ruvcrijiiiit'u unu acieu upon Witn trie n

8 uinQself Franklin. Mrs. Pearson ventures ' uudoubting confidence of iUj truth. :<ana-, a su

'U <d,.,.rvati..n. and, sprln^rin^ f,-,,,,, a-'-rtaiieMl
truth, muvt had to ju-t coU'dii-i^ris, i. the (udv phi-
losophy for th-' farm-r whose pursuits arj emphati-
ically prarfira!.

The (ju^>!ioii i:i hand eanriMt be ^,'t(I.-d hv an ar-
gument--it can i>]i\y \,c determined bv a h.n;; s.-ries
j of (d.SMrvations. mad»' with the preelsi,.ri ri-conimend-
, ed by Ha,-. .11. .Mthougli tle-se may m-v. r \ ot have
b>'on so c iimIu. r, (i a. t" he eoiirlu.i\e, it will n<,t b.'
<lonied that the -, n.ral and almost universal opin-
ions of iii'-n, in all ago^ and countries, have been in
favor (d' the-" alle-.Ml lunar influence.. I)r. Lanl-
ii> i\ who is a skeptic on this subject, admits that the
extent of the belief, in (piarfers of the earth JiMant
and disconnected, i. sueh that it is a fit suhjoet f.,r
seri..us inve.tigatioii. .iriijn hasn^.t thnu^dit it 1 e-
neath his great r-pufafion to I'lifer on it. clab'irate
examinatiun. Thr i:<r,in[ Society of Fngl.and hus
done the same. In I'l am" th(* cutting of timh r dur-
ing the iterease of th- m » rA i. jireventcd hv law.

Dc S/. 11 it lure found tha' in nra/.il fliis opinion pro-
vailed, l-'r inri<frn Pinfn < f F^fjerito Sauto assured
liim. as the re.uh o! hj. experifMn-r. that the wood
wliieli wa. ii it felled at tho f'ull n\' the mo!,n was im-
mediately attacked by the worms arel very soon rot-
ted. In tho extensive forests of (I rmany tlie same
opinion is entertained and acted upon with the most

per

R4

COMMUNICATIONS.

[JUPIE,

intendent of some of these distriots ;i-^\<-uh >^h:lt }..•
believes to bo its physical cause. Almostovory ;vhpr(',
both in this country and Knropo, it is believed that
the moon exerts a decidrd inthionee on the phonorao-
na of vegetation. Mintawiri has att<>nipt(Ml also to
assign the cause of this .upposcrd (>fr<vt. I>r. .^frod
was a believer in the inihi.Mico of the nun and muon
on the hnman body, and puhlisht'd a l><),>k tu this
purpose, entiled "Do liapnlo Soils ac Lnmv. \n C\n-

pore huniano."

In tho jmrsuits of a-ricultare there are oflon found
effects, the causes of which arc unknown. How many
wild theories have been a Ivanced to explain what,
to human intellect, is incxplicalde in re-ard to the
crcrmlnation of see.l, the growth of phvnts and tlic
Thousand plienonicna which our farms continually
prcsi>nt to our observation. Facts are not the less
true because w.' are i-norant of some preceding iact
Vv'liich we wonld call a cause.

1 am far fi-oni joining those who allow the moon
k) govern their farming operations, but neither wouh!
1 altogetlier r.«ject, in the present .state of our knowl-
edge, or rather ignorance of the subject, the settled
and almost universal l>elief of those who have ha<l the
best opportunities for observation and are much in-
terested in correct practice. T have endeavored to
bring the matter to the test of exp.-riin. nt. l)Ut have
found the results utterly inconclusive. It cannot, I
apprehend, b.' satisfactorily .lenied, except ])y some
one whose attention is more iully devoted to the sub-
ject, than is possible to (me absorbed by the div.M-s."
engagements whb'h every day brings with it. Some
public institution miglit caus.^ a seri.s of experiments
and observations to l>e made which would det(>rmine
the ((uestion. Years of time and thousands of tests
.vould be necessary. The resolution of this single
<p„.stion would be an ample return for the endowment
of an Agricultural (N)llege. If it be a p)puliir falla-
cy, much wimld be saved by knowing it. If it be a
truth, mvu'h would be gained by knowing it. And
as no man's mer,> (.|>inion, however respectable— as
no theory, he.svever plausible, can decide it, I respect-
fully submit that it may still be considered an im-
portant, practicable question, and whi( h there is no
trreat doubt, '-in U^ settled and ouj/d to be,
by some competent autlionty.
•^ WiM.. A. Stokf.s.

LudwlcJc, near Grcenshurg, March 21, IS-Vi.

vsrvy availal»b' means, Ik; will naturally ]>e l»-.i to in-
quire* iiow h(j may best manage them, so as to derivt^
fr(nu his uccumulatioii.s the greatest auiount ut bciiu
fit.

COMMfA^irATIOWS

Rfi

ir

For the Fiirm Journal.
Oil the Preservation of Manure.
Mr. KmTOR:— lu the December number of the
Journal, I submitted to your readers some remarks
on the subject of deep plowing, with the necessity of
increasing the fertility of our .soil, and, for thai pur-
pose of economizing manures. When a farmer is
duly impressed with the importance of augmenting
his manure heaps, and has turned his attention to

The principal siurce of supply in our practice, i»
the contri)>uti4>n of our stables and barnyards ami
consists of the produce of the farm, whirh has br.r,
consumed bv the cattle or tin-own out as \\\,' oft.il
of the various crops. It is, in short, tlie or;:anl,-
matter yielded by the soil and nKMiified by censumi
tion in the support of aiiimal life, and contains ail
that is necessary to the gn)'^th of plants. T^ r,iv
pare this mass, which has in part been used i(.r ili>
food of animals, to serve still further for tho food and
nourishment of vegetation, (tlius completing the < ir
ide established by creative power,) regains th;i
chan«'-e whi(di is brought about by decomposition, an '
is chieny effectivl by the agency of moisture and \w\'.
But th(? admission of these agents, wdrud\ ari' abun :
antly supplied by the elements, is attended with tl
danger of loss by waste from evaporation and le;jka:
moisture proviueiiig tluids, and heat gases, and both
inde.'d, uniting in each operation. The great ^>l.j<r:
is to obtain the change without the cimsequcnt lesr*:
and I ]>ropose to impiire how that may be duuc.

It is a common mistake to convert the cattle stall
or stable into a laboratory of maiiur". Pure air, is
essential to the healthy condition of any animal.-
By allowing manure to accumulat(^ and n inani, ilv
atmospher^^is fille<l with th.' innumerable, invisibk^
particles of amm(mia,nitrogen an<^ other ga>^es. ^vhich
are ex'rem.dy unwh.de^ome to breathe, and uijunous
to the health of cattle. On th<> imp<.rtancc of Ycn-
tilation and cleaidin.^ss f>r the preservation of the
health of domestic animals, I cannot do btter than
refer to the valualde essay, ])ublished in tlw- lir^t
number of this Journal, p. 10. " Filth and nv^^ture
conjoined with heat," says the able writer, "are th.
greatest enemies of health." It is plain, that stabM
canm)t be kept too cleanly and sweet. The ^e ; .
all filth is removed, the better. There shoulM- ^
drain to carry off from every stall whatever will tl ^
asali-iuid. It should pass out of that .y.r^^^^
\ But to sutlVr it to run entirely away and b" S '^ • '
I poor husbandry. It should be arrested as s.^n atu
leaving the stable, as practicable. A manure or com
post heap, slmuld be formed near the stable .-i u ^^^
shed, where the fann.T should accumulate Ins ^
of manure. To this heap, all th.« drainage of
.table, barnyard and outhouse, should be con c^^

which will supply the re.piiMte moi^turo w

hilo suf-

wnicn will ^^upl.i^ .... .^1 f the atmo.^-

ficient heat, even in a low temperature ot the a

phere, will arise from the fermentation.

In order to lead the various li^puds to this dop<...

the surn.ceshouhlde.-.M.d towards it, and M
themtothema.sof.hiehtie^aretoO.^^^^^^^

part, a mound or wall should be -»- ""^ ^^j^,^
;ide which as well a. the bottom should be pud

with clay, e:peciHiiy if the 8,1! ],, ^rt-;iv,.iiy or sand v.
Ha\ing secured tlie fluid portions (if the lieajt, it re-
mains to prevent exhalation^, \vhi( )i earrv ulf the
niO«t fertili/.inu'; inu^'cdimts in the fMriii .d" ;_Msrs and
vapour. Tiie.-iC uflcn maniiest tiiemsidves, \\ h^-u es-
caping, to the sense of sigJit or sm.dl. T!i.-\ -IimoM
circulate tlirough th<' heap, but n-t br allowrd to
transpire. It is (d' the utmost eo!i>..jijt.nee to pre-
vent their escape. 'Jdiey assist in the pr(»e.'ss uC d<'
conip'*'-iti"ii, ini[>roving the (piality ,,f tJi.* nianiiro in
proportion totledr ijuantity. If the mat<'ri;Js Ite rx-
jx)sed to tile sun and weather, it will be impossible to
confine tliese V(datile parts to the heap; tie- heat (d'
the <un and the wind will co-operate in evolviri"- and
di-^jx'rsing them, and the wast*' thus orca^i.aicd, will
leave i\i<'. remainder, coniparati\(dy worthless. Jt
will readily Hw;:'^^'<i itself to all who consider the
sul)j<'ct, that the manure heap ought to be under cov-
er, tu protect it from the direct action <d' the sun's
rays, from rains, and from winds. Stone walls and a
r<K>f, for this pu^.^.-o would be good economy.

S(imo such shelter l)eing provi(hMl. to sc^-iire the
compost or manure still better, and to complete the
arraii- ■mriit, it would be advisable to cover it with
a suUtunce that will j»re\rnt the ;.-:a> and \apuur
from transpiring or passing out uf the heap. —
Sod or soil would in some measure effect the pur-
pose, but not fully. What i.- infinitely better, is a
very>iii;tll <{iiantity of I'laster of J*ari>, (Ie>> than a
pecL will aiKw.-r,) cast over it twice a week. This
will combine uit|, th" ammonia as it ri-.- froin the
decum}M.sni,,n of the manure, and complet<dv \\\ it,
at til' Sim.- time, increasing the \auie id' the i'.-rtili/-
ing ingredients of the h<'ap. Tiie riX^-.-t will be .le-
munstrated to the senses, by the absence .-f all di.s-
agreeable odjrs ; which is the immediate roult ui
die application.

JJ the manure is intended for a san.ly soil, cop-
f' ^-'^ i> said t.» be preferable ; a few pounds {.ulver-

"•^ I'lan here recommended involves some trouble
*»'! y^pense, hut this will be richly <-r,mpensate,l by
"»e important advanta-es tliat will t! .w from tie
•"'^und condition ol the stock, the h.alt!, o( xvhich
^■»11 be preserved, and the .piautitv aiel (pialitv (d'
1'^^ "manure, the farmer will amass^lor the am.diora-
^'^'^■^of his huM and the increase of his .-rop^.

. A. L. II.

^ncaskr, May 2\th, 1852.

Nva^hatchin- ^^ 'nn. . .v ere. „.Me by old age, her powers

;rave wav, an 1 ^h,- ua. Utxxn.i J^ad on the nost aft. r
a w.-. l^'.s sitting. Jn con^equrnco of their iii(,,l,.ra-
ble tjghtin- pror,en-^iti.-. h- wa^ comp-ll.l to cross
the breed. The young cocks kille.I ea. h «»ther by
th-ir almost incessant combats, and tlie j,,.ns too,
n -t unfrcju, mix f,,urrht fiercely. He further Mated
that It was not iiiewninKm, in thr fall, whr,, the
-round was w-t diini,_r ;h- d-.y and tVo/en at ni-ht,
to find two of tfie eoeks fr,,/,.,, fi^t in the mud in'the
mornin-, wImtc they had f ai-ht until so completely
exhausted as to bo unable to ;:et awav. The stock
from whieh the.ve pngnaciMus hAsNw.-re obtained,
was brou-ht fr-.m Indand by ^ome Kml-rants who
I'"-ated for awhile at the village- of May Town in
Lancaster conn*\'.

,. 1^^\ 11> MlMMM A.

Su-'ilurd F>ills, .ij>n7, 1S.V2.

I ^ For thr r.irtn Journah

-"U-cvity and Tugnaritx of iidinv Fowls.

^^^^^ ^^"""ii:-()ne ,.f „,y nei;:h)HU-s, a man of cx-
he r\ ^^'^^'^'■^"^' ''i^'^nncd me a few days since, that

ed fr ^^^" ^^^^ ^^"^^ °^ ^''"^^ ^'*^^'^''' ^^"'^^^ ^'^' ^*^'''^*

land'^'V^^'' P^*^^"^^^ ^^y ^i^ns imported from Ire-

L.n * ^'^ ^^^® ^^ ^'*® game breed, and two of the

"♦lis hveH ir. } ■ ij

dy . ^^ ^ '"' ' ':''hf€cn yean old. Both laid eggs

g the laat year of their life, and one of them

Fur tdr Finn J.(irii i'..
Kan»Iorn Kec(»IlrrtI(.ns and Krmarks on l^'rnlt ("ul-
Cuiture in lainrasfrr ^oimtv,

(h- a C(nnparis,>n "i Fniit Culture t\,,t>j Yt'irs .since,

with thr j>rr.<if'nf tim> .
^'oii will perceive, Mr. Kdit.T. by the aboVe h.-ad-
ms. that the foljowiitu'- r- marks, ,1, Prnit ('chur-'. will
necessarily be of a rambling and disconnected order.
As I have no new theory to advocate or advance, I d<}-
' sign taking a retrospective -Ian.- .f tii" actual con-
dition of things, a^ I have fMijiel th.-m durin-j; a series
of years; e.vtemiing back re-arly half a eenturv. and
drawiuL' a comparison b. -tweet; tie- state of fruit cul-
ture tlieii and now,
I The ilem<i)t<I {' >t choice fruits -..,r 1 nilLrht <av fruit
of any kind — is fir -^n-ea^-r at the j.r«»scnt. than .i' any
tim>- prev ions. The ctKjuiry is often put to ne-. ( a.s
wtdl as toothers I presume.) •'whv do our farmers
not raise more fruit? Serious chare;esare frecnientlv
made verbally and thri»n;:}i the pres-<. atraiiisf farmer*?
on this subjeet. (hargini: them with careie><nefc<, neg-
lect, i;.'rn)rance, Xc. Now the idjiect of this article iv.
in a measure, to disahusp the |niblii' mind, and to
show, that other can-es operate to ]>roduce this statr'
of lliiiiL'^ in rej-ard to fruit I'ulture.

1 uiu-t however, congratulate the pul^llc. and c.\-
pics>i a hope, that ere long from the •• bri-htening
prospects" and thnaiixh the increased attention beini^
paid to fruit trees, that fvmt will au'ain become
jd'iitifu! as of vore.

Tliirtv "r torty vears since, th'-re w.re conin ara-
tively, few obstacles to the cuiti\ ation of various kiiels
of fruit — no partieuLar ]u^^'\<- of plantin;! or cultiva-
ting— no .<;p.',ifi.- manures-, miii-ral. anini.i]. \i-;j:>ta-
i)le, orj:anic or in-or;;anic~- no science was rc«(uisite
in training uv lultuie to produce meagre crops of
imperfect fruit. All that wa^ necessarv. was, to plant
tliC trees and prot«'ct thom from cattle f,,r a few vears.
and the planter was abundantly rewarded f(»r his la-
bour.

If seedling stocks were planted as was mostly tho

^.^^

"f-'^'i^.'i't^*

86

COMMnXH'ATIONS.

\Jv?iv.,

e^*. «.Si»m, X'.X£;JU HI HtiMI lU IIJMMNH I H

ca^e, the produce was good, bad, and indifferent; and liuddin- was n-.t ].ractifled. All tho troes were prujM-
if the trees were grafted, the produce was according gat»Ml from tho stun.' or seed. It is not believed how-

to the variety propagated. Yet iu :l11 instances, the
the trees bore abundantly and regularly,— apph's bi-
ennially, pears, peaches, cherries, &c., almost every
year, Occasionally indeed, a late frost would "nip
the flowers in the bud,'^ but such was not often tho
result. Forty, thirty, even twenty years siiu-o, the
apple crop was as certain every alternate ymr, as the
grass growin;; Ix^ieath the trees. Such a thing as a
failure, during the apple year was almost unknown.
Hundreds and thousands of wagon loads were taken
to the distilleries, and converted into apple Ikpior.—
It was a general custom among farmers in those days
to prepare for the apple year, by not commeneing
any extra work, suidi as making improvements on the

ever, that native stocks are more hardy tlian those
tli'it are huddod. Nritlicr worms m.r mIIuw^ in-
jured the tr<M>s. I think if my memory sorves me, it
was between 1<^12 and l:^'3) that ^wiuli worms and
yellows commenced to destroy tlie trees. At lir»t
the cause of so many trees becoming sickly and dy-
inir was unknown, no remedy asc»'rtaiiuM], iupI tho
conse(^ueni-e w\as, that m^arly all tlio pruch trees in
the county were destroyed, jind for years it w;i, i
rarity to see a peach. Subse(pu'ntly, the oause wu^
ascertained — young trees were planteil, and thf r.iu
edy applied ; so that occasionally, we have a eru^>..i
Peaches.

I remem})er also, a largf number of varit'tics of

farm—or doing any work that could 1)0 put off to tho , ^j^^ F(,reign grape vine—the small yelluw <iua;u.'l.

intermediate year— or getting through with their cus
tomary work *in time to att.Mid to "picking apples"
for cider, for whiskey and for winter use. (lenerally
from three to six weeks were thus devoted to the ap-
ple crop every second year.

At the present time— or I might say since the cold
winter of 1835— fruit raising lias beeonie a precarious
business in this county. On Jan. 5th, 1835, the ther-
mometer descended to 22° below /.ero, and the conse-
quence was, that thousands of peach, pear, cherry,

one of the most tender varieties, pn^dueinu' liU;:'
crops of luscious fruit in a garden in the open coun-
try—and the same kind growing u]) the ^'al-l.reud of
a house to the roof. These vines produc(xl strong
liealthy shoots— and the fruit could 7iot have been
surpassed in its native country. This was about tin
year 1S2(>. Kv<Ty person who took any i nterest n^
grape culture, in the city of Lancaster at tliat time.
must remember a species of the Chassalas, or sweet-
water, (I am not certain which,) growing inthoyanl

and m;iny apple trees perish.Ml tVom tlio ..ffo.ts of the f the late Adam llrigart, and produrin.u' ^iWM
cold Whole orchards on l.-v(d ground were frozen I clusters of large luscious white or yrljow ^riai-os.'^
80 severely as to arrest their gn wth for yours— the ^Vh.^re are thosr fine plants now? Or, is there a sin-
trees barely putting ont loaves annually, without ex-
tension of l)ran(dies, and the wo..d black and diseased
at the heart. Nevertheless, that cold winter can not

u-le hoalthy an<l proliih- vine of a foreign >|,.'cies,now
growing in the .)pon air without j.rotectiun. In w.
city or"e.)unty of Laneast.T ? 1 knnw of non.>
be the s(de cause of present unfruitfulness-as trees ijj the country. Knmi 1825 to IS2S tie' nni-nn
planted since— although more thrifty, are no better , commenced its ravages on the Foreign trrape,
bearers than the others. j and, although the roots made annual attempts

In respect to the Pear, we had at that time proba- to throw up healthy shoots, the efforts wore abortn-e:
bly not much over a dozen varieties in the county; and finally branches .u.l nx.ts ^-^-^''~^^
these would however, bear profusely nearly every and ceased to exist. ^^'^^^ ^^ttempt o udt ^ ^^
year. The Early Harvest, ripe last of July-St. Ghis- foreign grape in the open ^^^^^^]^ "^^^^
lin, ripe last of Sept.~and a fine hiscious winter pear I ledge, stnce then has proved a failur ^^

keeping till Feb. and March. These three varieties , be the cause of this state of things I .^ ^^ ^^,^
were apparently as hardy as the oak, and growing say. 1 have no doubt ^^^^y;''':'r;Z<^^^^^
nearly as large. Then we had the lUitter Pear, and attention tn triut culture, will recolh a th. , .
a seedling from it superior U^ its parent, both ripen- I and bear nn' (Uit in these assertions.
ing in August; we had the Red cheek, the Pxu-gamot, | r^.j^^ ^.^^^^^^ remarks almost literally 'n'rl^'^;* ^'\'! ."I'
and few others with l(»cal nam.^s, and various others
without names; all these producing fruit, in (piality
equal,if not superior b) many of the new importations,

and the trees growing lively in alm>.st any soil and ^^^^, ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^_ ^^ _ ^ ^^

bearing large crops. .\Vher(> are thos.^ large and , j^^^^ ^^^^^^ discovered up to the present tunc t u

The same remarks almost literally appiN ^^ _^
tato, an esculent, not coming under the le«ad " ' _
yet of probably greater usefulness. Volumes 1
Ln wntten Jn the cause, and remedies pro,- ^
for the rot, yet all will admit that -^^^--^ ^^

healthy trees now? Few of them are in existence,
and those still living produce, if any, nnthing but in-
sipid and worthless fruit.

Peaches in those days, we might say with truth,
were "; lentiful as black berries,'' and almost as har-
dy and productive. Many a wagon load of fine, largo
poaches have I helped to pick for Peach Brandy.—

enll'de the cultivator to raise sound, healthy p-t^'^t •■
and good, certain en-ps, as formerly.

Th..re must always be some cause to prod^^^^
effect, and that cause remains to be ai«<^;>^'^;f ^^^ ,
most reasonable conclusion in the V^^-^^^^^^ ,,,
is owing to a peculiar state of Uie atmosphere,

n)\lMC\irAT[()\S.

87

hcvonii the control of man. riningt^s \\\ the seasons
may sooner or latter correct all these evils.

At all events, I am not satisfied with anv >S the

:;-»■.! theories, (.r remedies, either snrrlfir rna-

nures, hi'jh eidtnrr, or the more common and rather

hackneyed assertion tiiat all thi.s scarcity <>f fruit is

v^ingtothc 7iet/lect of farmers. You .Mr. Kd., as

torre.ywwiin;/ Secretan/ — I>avid Taggart.

HeroriUntj Sfrrefari/- \V \n J. tlreenou^h.

Trea.Hur^r — Wm. I,, n.warr.

Librarian — \Viili;uii M ( artv.

.)A//<^fy'7\v— Alexander dord;in. ,J,i^. pMll-rk. .I'-^se
C. Morton, Anee« K. \\^^^\^, S:imu'! S!i;inon, S lunu-j
Jofm. James Krknriii, I'. r..r n!,,.rdort .lo^ \V',.o/,-]
W

m. F.'-"lev. Will. I>.|.p.n, lirMne\ il!,. II ,Uho-,

„ ,, A ^ X . r I -"^^''dia'd Lenk.r, Nan-' Hak.-r. ddin lluie Juhu li

well as all your readers know, that farmers are not ' il,.ii..,, n,,,,,. .,. i;.,,!,,, , 'h.. |:„M!e. "' ' '""'^ '^•

v.TV likely to >u'</lert any thing that will sell for rea- The repo t'wa-^ utriirni n-i\ ad.>pt'-d.

•Iv cash — that would so well renumerat<' theni for '^""- 1" • ^^ 'dfmger .'tf.Tf.l tlie fillowing resolution,

thpir land and labour as the raising of choice fruit, '''''-'-■'' '-'''''' '^'J'T^'"^ '" "* '""

,1 th-y could succeed in raising it as well as for

:;1't!v

[Cone/nsion in tlf next number.]

For the Farm Jourua!.
Is Oats Straw Injurious to Milch C'ouk f

Tiiat Mats Straw is unsuitable food i'orMihdi Cows

Resolrctl^ Tiiat this Society ree(.nimend to all farm
an(l lot owners within tie- c .unty to whitewash all
their buildings and fences put up in the rough or
with upland boards, for these reasons : First, because
whitewash is neat and ideanly. SecMn.l. in-cau^e it

operates as an excellent prescrvatise i.tw 1 au;ainst,

decay. Third, because it aUo acts a>( a prc\cntative
<»t fire. Fourth, bccaiiN,- the free u-c of line' arouiKl
"III" premises, has a constant tendencv to iiurifv and
may hewcil known by many farmers and dairymen: ' render wholes. ,nie. tie- air and la-t'ly. l.., au^c if

but the [.robahility that there are Some unac'iuainted ' J^'''^''^=^^ly practi-e i, it wiaild i:i\e our tiiwn> and

with tie- fact, induces me to writ<> what 1 have observ
ed in reference to it.

country seats a plca-^ant and beautiful apperanee
Mr. 'I'ai'i'-.'irt nskci h'a\f to >i;t\- n f.-w \v,,t-,)« in h.>-

I halt of the paper will, h h.. hrld m hi- hand. iThe
Ar different times, our cows hav<» failed in tle-ir- | IVnna. Farm dourn il II • m' -ke .>f its \.rvlow
milk, without any apparent cause; the crcani after 1 I'^i'"''- '^"d said it \va> t!ie mhIv .\ „Mieu!tur;il pa[>er in

1^1 1^ 1*11 ii'ii- I • «

being churned a gr(niter length of time than usual
was converted into butter of an inferior <piaiity.
This has occasionally happ-iiv 1 \n hen the cows were
iioarly dry.and the defect was attrihuted to this cause.

Ill the early part ot tho present season, having a
larr^e quantity of oats straw, it was liberally u^-d f,,r Midi li.urnals an
littering the stables, and yard a).,.ut the harn. Th.'
cows ate it in }.r(>ferenee to other fowd, and tlie result
was .««imilar to what has just been .le^'rihe,!. The J
cows in thi^ instance wen' all fresh. They were in
nit'diately placed wdiere they could ha\e no at^cess U"t the less so. in the Art and Science uf Agieulture.

the Fnu'lish lane;uau'". puh!i-he.i in the State, and a.>
•"Ueh was entitled t" ,.ur considerati"n and patron age.
Tliis wa- the FUh number he received, ami he was
not afraid to assert that every number wi- \\. nh t!ie
full amoimt of its yearly subscription, lie appealed
to gentlemen wdio had received it. if it was not so. —
The State t^i" New \ wik \\a>aMe to support \ or ■'»

line 1 1 1 them ',\- 1 1 h > u o - c n | ■ 1 1 o n

ch

!ist< (.t;;<i and di'.O'io. h wa- h ird. inde.si. it' I'enn-
sylvania could not -n-tain "iie, and -u-taiii it hand-
somely. The IVcvv; had ;il\\a\» l-cen eonsiderej bv
lim, a-^ the Ki;j;hr Arm ^A' e\.:-\ Art aii 1 Scimce.
whi(di it had hoen e-taMi-he.l toad\ocate; and was

t" thenats straw, when they gradually returned t<.
their f)riner condition.

If sniii,. of the nunuTous writ«»rs f.r \\\o d(.urnal.
^^■'11 ".vplain why oats straw produces this effect, they

\W11 (jhlii't'

^'^c Lowhm, Chester en.

AciRICoI.A.

^■"rthumberhuul County AfrriruHural Si.riety.

Ane ^ .rthumberland (\.unty AuM-icultural So.iety
Hjetatthe (\,urt House in Sunhurv. .m Mon<liv,
:' '• i^>'-i, at 2 o'clock, V. M., for the purp.jse (d" elJt-
>^^ '-fficors for the eominii year.

', mooting waseallea to onler by David Taggart.
n Whose motion, d. \\, Priestly took the ( 'hair, m the

aWneeof the President.
In pursuance of the nl)ject of the meeting, the
•mir appunte-l a (\.mmittee of seven t.> report of!i-

I , \y'\^'- '*=^^''l Ta^-art. dames IN.lloek. Samuel

,, "";;>d<on Hutchinson, K.dMU't M. Frick, Daniel

"'"''"^I'and H.mjaminC.earhart.
yf'T a short retirement, the ("ommittee came in
'Y4'"'t.Ml the following named otlicers:
Y"^i'l_ut~~^,uxMw\ Hunter.

O^a'p ,;r/;^'''*''--'^«'^"^' '^ <'ameron, Jos. R. Priestly,

Hili;\: ,T^'^' Jacob Seesholts, Wm. B. Kapp, Jac.

^I»lhi8h, John Montgomery.

He moved the following re^^ohitioii which was unani-
niou-^ly atlopted.

/i*c.vo//v//, That this Societv hieJilv approve of the
Penna. Farm dournal. and earnestly recommend it to
the patronage of Agriculturists and others through-
out tho county — ami that the members be re<piested
to exert themselves to increase its circulation.

On motion (d' .^Tr. (Irecnough, the township <\)m-
mittees ot the la-t vear were re-ap]>ointed.

The procecilin^rs were wi-ilrred to be ]iiiMi-hed in
the Coiintv New-pi'.per-. and in the Farm d.^irnal.

The meetine; then adjMurne.i, after which fie' |,\--
eeutive (\)mmittee he'd a Ses^iun to fix a time and
plat'e for the next t-ountv Fexhihition.

Prestmt : Messrs, Priestly, ('anieron. Horton. Pol-
lock, John, dordan, Seesholts, Kipj), Kapp, Taggart,
( ireenoue;h and \N idker.

Mr. Ibirton wa>^ called to preside. After Consid-
erahle di'-cn^-ion liotween Messrs. Cameron, Ta^'irart,
Pollock and -iMhii. it w .c- re-.'hed to lioM the next
Fair at Xorthumheriand, oii tho 7th ami sth of

October.

^\ M. O. ( iHKKNornn.

Secretary.

J5^y' It is estimated on good and sufficient data, that
the gross aggregate <tf the public lands belongin;^ i*)
the United Stiites is, in round numbers, f)urteen
hundred and fifty millions (1,450,000,000) of acres.
— Watchman.

*^^imm

iLri«:£i^

88

llORTTCULTURAL SOCIETIES.

P«»t,

Ki.<i>Bif1iinui'r ".

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.

The stated meetin-; of this Association was held in
the Chinese Saloon, Phihidclr.hia, on Tuesday even-
ing, May 18, 1852. . , ^,^ .
E. W. Keyser, Vice President, in the ( iiair.
The disphiy on the occasion was very fine : the ta
bles through their entire length were covered with
beautiful plants in liower, some fruit and remarkably
well grown forced vegetables. The collection ot
plants from Dr. James Rush's greenhouses was truly
fine, consisting of very large Orange Trees, Azaleas,
\cacias. Fuchsias, etc. The table from John Lam-
bert's contained l)eautiful Koses, Pelargoniums tin
erarias and many others. The collection from Caleb
(j()i)e's houses was handsome, embracing a number
of eholce l^elargoniums. Fuchsias, Azaleas, Pmtas,
Sparaxis and others. From Robert Buists' were, as
oil former occasions a number of new plants, and
Hhown for the first tinns of which Ilibbertia Cunning-
luimii, y/ieria trifoliate, lloya Cunninghamii, Eutaxia
puipn-iis, Kpaeris (N)pelandii and K. hevigata; also,
A/ah-as, Cainellias, Spira-as, Lichenalias, P^ricas etc.,
with a culleeti(.n of cutTulii)S, and several Seedling
Lilacs and a Seedling 1 lorsechesnut. From Benjamin
Gullis' houses were fine Roses, Pelargoniums, Cine-
rarias, handsome \criiena.-, ^..^i^w.. ,
Cornelius' gardner brought a collection of select
Roses. Gerhard Schmitz, many choice seedling Tu-
lips well bn»k<>n, originating with himself, and of
merit. Jno. .1. Jennings exhibited many fine Tulips,
William Ilobson had a new and undescribed Boragi- :
naceous plant in' flowc , from California. The 15o-
nuets were from Caleb Cope's ground, and fn.m Jos.
S. Loverings, and baskets of interoting indigenous
flowers were exhibited by Thomas Median and Robt.
Kilvington.

The Fruit shown was from Caleb Cope's forcing
houses and consisted of a dish of fine llovey's .Seed-
ling Strawberry, another oi black Hamburg (Jrapes,
Ripe Cherries, 'and a vine filled with ])laek Aiicant

Grapes.

The veirotables did credit to the Contributors. —
Thos. Merhan, gardener to Robt. Cornelius, present-
ed a superl) table of forced esculents comi)rising 4U
U) 50 heads of tiie finest Cauliflowers ever shown be-
i\)Vo i\u) So(;ietv, <\ varieties of Cucumbers, 2 kinds
of Lettuce, 4 of Radishes, String Beans, Early York
Cabltages, Asparagus, etc. William llobson exhib-
ited very large Rhubarb of his own seedling and
\ ictori;i'varieti( s. Henry Cooper and Sam. Cooper,
su|.erior Rhu)>arb, and 'dames M. Tage very fine
large Asparagus.

The following are the reports of the Committees :
The Committee on Plants and Flowers respectfully
report. relar(/oniinns,\'ov the best to Thos. Meehan,
gardener to Caleb Cope : for the second best to Wm. ]
Mcintosh, foreman to Robt. Buist. /iVsv.^ for the
best hybrid perpetuals, to Benj. Gullis. 7'/////).v, for
the best eight named varieties, to Wm. Mcintosh ;
for the second best, to the same ; for the tliird best,
to Benj. Gullis. B'xpids, f.u- the best to Thos. Mee-
han; for the second best, to John Miller, gardener to
Jos. S. Levering. Basket of cut flowers, for the best,
to the same.

The Committee noticed a s])len lid display (»f plants
from the garden of Dr. J. Rush. Also, a flue <lis-
play of seedling Lilacs from the Nursery of IvolMrt
13ui8t, and beautiful seedling Hor^clu stnuts, and
six new plants exhibited for the fii>t time.

The Committee on Fruits respectfully report.—
Grapes, for the best three bunches of black Ham-
burg, the Bronze Medal, to Thos. Meehan, gardener

to C. Cope. And a special premium of two dollars
for adisli of very line Strawberries raised nn ierfjlass.

TflR SOrTFI DOW'iv SHERP.

^9

The Committee on Vegetables resp.Mtiuliy report.
Cucumbers, for the best six specimens, to Tli.."^. Sl.g.
ban, gard<'ner to R. Cornelius. Uf(iih<iil>. I'mt the sec-
ond best, to Henry Coi.per. 4.s7'(//-w;///,v, lor the best
24 stalks, to James M. Tag*', lor tin; second best, to
Thos. Meghan, and for the best dis]4ay by a private
gardener to the same. And a speeia! prennurn )»f
three d<. liars to Tiios. Meghan fur a beautiful di»-
[)lay of Cauliflower.

On motion adjourned.

Tiio<. P. Javf^,

A- Recording Secreturv.

American Pomological Congrens.

In compliance with a resolution passed 1y the
American Pomologieal (Vmgress during its^e-iuuat
Cincinnati in October IH')!), it becomes my duty i.uh-
liclv to announce that the next Session will he held
in the City of Philadelphia, on Mom. av, the i:;th day
of September, 1852. The Congress xvill asseiuhle at
10 o'clock, A. M., in the Chinese Museum building,
south Ninth street, below Chestnut.

Tl,o Vnmolofrlcal. Horticultural, and Agricultural
Societies throughout the I niKMi >^iao> and Canada
are invited to send such number of Itele^ates an they
may deem expedient. And the Dele^jat.s are reques-
ted'to bring with them specimens of Iruu el their re-
spective districts. . . ,. , ri

Pu-ka-es and Boxes of I ruit for the Congress my
]>e directed to the care (d' Th.ma^ 1> dames Lsq., No.
'>l'^ Market street, Pl.ila.lel|diia, sliMuhl the owners
UMinable to give their p.^rsonal attendaiue.

The various State Fruit Committees ^Mlh ^aiorho-
fore the dav of meeting, transmit the.rseveral Kepor 8
to A. J. l)owning, Ks.p, P'-^ral ( l-;-'''^" "fj^^^
wh)le The Chairman of each State ^■mnuttee is
authorized, where vacancies occur, to till up the num-
ber of his Committee to Ave membei>^ r-..;,hnt

W. l>. F.KiN» ivi.i;, M- Ih, I rcndent.

rJnladcJpJiia, May I, 1^^>2.

jSi^^' Editors, friendly to the advancement of the
ScS^ce of Pomology, are respectfully solicited to n.
tice this circular.

Trial of A*?ricultural Implement*.

Bu The Xew York SMe A'jrindtura! N-/'///-

::f-;j:i7m5xt. (The particular .lay<dteo^^^^
n.ent of the trial will be given herealtei. \^J^^

petition will be open to all who --'7; ':;;\7;;i.^

lH3 S<K-iet^-, and enter their machines <^^ ; ^ ' J^^^^^^^^^^
Upwards oi ShK.will be ^^^'^^'^.'','^^%,r,
candidates, and Inventors are -^:'^7 ./^^^ ^hich
with their machines :ind engag.' m ^^^ =^ J^^^^^^^^^^
will be c<.nductcd in a manner t^/!'-;" ^ '\, ,ar
reliable results that will be ot unp^atantt

"pel^ns desiring to comp..te "-^>>-ome iv^^^^
of theSocietvbythei.asment.d ■ \' - ^ ^'
nam.- with the Secretary, and imidemM.ts.

All desired inhumation as to the .e^^^^^^
trial will be furnished on^P^h^-n-^tl^^^^^^^

Agricultural Booms, Albany, May 7, 1852.

The Soutfi Down.
We give this io'miMi spirit. •<! p.-rtraltsof a South-
down ivini and Kwe. 'I'lns line breed nf >he(»p is

valuahle, les-^ <'ii ace. .out <tf the fpiaiitity and <juality
of the fleece tlian for tlie mutton, in this particular
it i8 esteemed more highly than any other in the
Kn-^lish markets, nnd would doubtless be so in the
rnited States, if raised in sutlieh nt numbers. At
present, wo believe, cuuiparativ.dy i'>-\\ breeders give

our State who have bred them, speak in the highest
terms of their good qualities. M. Ellman, of Glynde,
in Sussex, to whom is mainly duo the credit of hav-
ing, by his judicious breeding, brought the South-
'lown to their present high degree of perfection, and
from whoso stock the Ram and Kwe, whose portraits
we give, are descended, thus describes them :

"The h. ad small and hornless; the face speckh.i

,"'■ giay and neither too long nor too short ; the lipw

attention to the South downs, although the few in | thin, and the space between the nose and eyes nar-

SOITII DOWN RA.n

.>;il^.^#«MttH^'''

■ '^ : the under law or (diap fine an<I thin ; tlie ears iiig. that it may not form a fatal obstacle in Inmbing.
M'^rahly wid'' and e.,v.'red with wmuI. and the fore- i "The neck of a medium length, thin toward the

••aa als(K and the wlude spaceltetween the cars well' head, but enlarging toward the^sliouhlers, whev it

t'roteeted by it, as a defrnce against the tly. j slionhl be br.-ad and hi-h and strai<rht in its wh^ie

iliy>vefull and bright, but not prominent. The , cours.. ab,.ve and b.l.,w. '!'!;- I ivaM'^-h. uhl br vide,

• >its of the eye, the eye-cap or bone not too project- i deep and projecting forward between the lore-legs,

H«J*laK). ccl. V f.c

SOUTH DOWN KWE.

4mM"^:^i'~^i

90

W^fTI^ AND lU.A^'K SWAN.

[June,

l-s.VJ

EDITOIUAL

91

indicating a good constitution and a disposition to
thrive. Corresponding with this, the shoulders
shouUi be on a level with the back, and not too wide
above; they should l)()w outward from the top to the
breast, indicating a springing rib beneath, and leav-
ing room for it.

" The ribs coming out horizontally from the spine,
and extending far backward, and the last rib project-
ing more than others, the back Hat from the shoul-
ders to the setting on oftiie tail ; the loin broad and
flat; the runi]) Ijroad and the tail set on high, and
nearly on a level with the spine. The hips wide ;
the space between them and the last rib on either
side as narrow as poHsil)le, and the ribs generally

presenting a circular form like a barrel.

** The belly as straight as the back.

" The legs neither too long nor too short ; the fore-
legs straight from the breast to the foot ; not bendinfj
inward at the knee, and standing far apart l)()tli ^r.
fore and behind ; the hock having a direction rathrr
outward, and the twist, or the meeting of the thiglm
behind, being particularly full, the bones tine, vei
having no appearance of weakness, and of a speckled
or (lark e<tl<)r.

The belly well defended with wool, and the wool
coming down before and behind to the knee and io
th<' h()(tk ; the wool short, close, curled and tine, ind
free from spiry piojectl'ng fibres."

The Swan is, beyond all question, the bir(lto])laee
as a finishing stroke of art, on the smooth lake which
expunds ])efore our mansions. It is perfin-tly ntMMl-
h'ss, however d(^lightful, t<» quoto Milton and others,
lauding the arched neck, the white win<^s, the oary
feet, and so on. Its superb beauty is undeniable and
acknowlcdgiMl; and, to borrow an apt metaphor, we
do not wish, in the present volumo, to thresh straw
that has been twice threshed b.^fnrc, to rcpinit lunv
lovely the Swan is on the silver lake, " fioating double,
swan and shadow;" for we might thus run, sciss.trs
in hand, through tlu^ whole Corpus Poetarum. Our
object, in short, is simply to point out the best mode
of managing them and keeping tluMU.

Any one who lives on the banks of a moderately
sized stream, and has a Swan-right on that stream,
will probal)ly also have the means of keeping a keep-
er, who will save him every trouble.

If any brook runs into and from the pond where
they are to remain, their escape through that channel
must be prevented by sheep-netting, hurdl<>s, ])ales,
or other ient-in*', which should be continued some dis-

WIllTE AND HLA('K SWAN.

that the Swans keep so mu.di in view from pupj
disinterested motives, (from simi)le atlectinn t- ti"
masters, not from the greedy love ''^ '''^y";\"7> V:',
trive to have it hid beneath a bank, or behni.l a ir
or shrub. The trough must be fixed jn ^'^7"";; ' •
two firm posts, within arm's length of the ^^l^';^'; '»' ;
raised high enough from the water to pr.^vcnt 1 -
from stealing the food contained therein, h:l^ V •
cover whiel, lifts up bv hinges, and so i^rms a lui.^^
keop nnt llatH and Sparrows, and open ^^"^'j" ' i;
Main persons, however, feed their ^wans hv s^ni].^,
throwing the corn into shallow water. ^1^^^ ^^

skim the surface for the light J,'^^^»"V r'' h. t^^^^^^^
then submerge th.Mr hea.ls in search ot ^^y' ^,,
.unk. Should any Carp (t»^at fresh- wutc^o^^^^^^^^
,,,upants of the same lake, it will be i-;"-^ ^^^f ^A-
soon learn the accusto.ned hours <>^ f^^;f ^^i foatl-
will come to take the.r share '^l^^^^/'^^Wr of Sw:^r.
nred frien.ls. Ibit it is cruel to locate a V^''^' , f
fur the sake of their beauty, m a new-made P^ ^^ ^
water, whose banks and bottom ^^^ .^^^^^or tw.K'.
bare as the inside of a hand-bas.n. A ^^^lll',,,^

tance inland, lest they should walk away, if they can-
not swim away. This precaution w ill be tountl par-
ticularly necessary if there is any mainstream in the
immediate neighborhood. A feeding-trough may be
fixed for them in the pond, in the part wnere it is
most desirable that they should be accustomed to dis-
play themselves. Those who are fastidious about the
sight of such an object, or who wish to have it thought

hare as tue insme lu .^ •«- ..,..--. fhpnrevi"^

«-i,tor.weed8 shouM l.avo Leon t''"»;"ff ; 1 v^tura-

Sometimes, after an »''l-««''^J'\'''l'^f^, '' ft that S«a"'
cleansed at a great expcns., .t .8 'bought t»a^^^;,,,

would now look well there, '^"'•.they *7 ' a^tfu',
turned in. to bo starved ; whereas they wouW t ^^^._^

ly have undertaken the clf.''"«'ng. ^,taiwn«'« '"^
gwan-food ciiste in proportion to the shallown

iuuincss, not to the extent and clearness of thn wator.
\ viird of margin is worth a mile of (l.tp stream ;

Hiir fariM- r>. mechanics, ladies, <fcc., are making

.,Mj;:es, ii better in tiiis respect, than all "th*; blue
rushing of the arrowy Rhone," or the who!" a/uro
.Tpan.-ieof the brilliant (.ake oflon.-va. — Or. Puul.

,ru'' mtiddy Nort'ulk bruad, with its on/v hanks, hibv- . • r ^ ' ' ^

rinthine creeks, and its forests of rush'es, re.MJs ami '^*;t'^« P»'^P^^^'^^'""'^ ^^^'J" the .onnr,;: Aonual Kxhihiti^m.

' ■ '■ ' ^^'t' are glad to see this, atid lii.p." th.' t.w'liuir in this

respect will grow stronger from day t-. dav. At the
lastmeetingof the the Lancaster County Agricubnral
Society, e<»mmittee8 were appointed to co-op.Tate
with the Kxe.aitive .^..nimittoe of tl»e Srafe Sooietv,
and so soon a- the site of the Kxhihltion "ntun I h
determin.'d upMU. (wliirh will !„■ in ,i t".'w davs) ar-
TuE Farm Joi knal may be had at the following rangements for the oreftlun ..t* ih.' f'-o.-in-, sh.dding.

P^'Jl?^'!— c u o.c. • • , .c U"^-''-. ^^'iJl ^if <''»«'<' I''" I'i'i*!''- A spirited addrrvs pp-

\\ . b. /iruER, South od St., principal airent fi>r . .^ i i ,. , . •,. r .1 c • - .

pi^jj.^j^., fij.^ ' 1 1 o pared by a committee ot the N.,h-ty. f fann-rs and

Agents.

W 11. >rAN(;],ER,

1; r. Si'ANtil.KR,

to.-. r»ii:i..NKR,

II. Mini K,

J. b. SmtvocK,

II. ^I. 1; \ W l.l.NS,
A. L \\ \!CI1K1.1),

Lancaster, Pa.
Columbia, Fa.
Ilarrisburg. Pa.
Pittshiirg, i*a.
Chambershurg, Pa.
Carlisl... l»a.
York Pa.

and of Booksellers genorallv.

500 AGEIVTS WANTED.

W»' are desirous of securing one or more competent

others, has been puhli.shed and will w^-tru^t ha\«'the
desired effect.

In the name of the Society, wecordiallv in\it.' p»'r-
sons in every department of business tM caitvil wt-
something towards the K.xhil.itinii. N,,t ,.i,l\ 1 . u,.
expect our farmers to go to wnrk tnt'rL--ti';illv. hut
our merhanlcs also. The hulies, ^\^^ aro a-^-ur-d,
will do their part.

AcKow i.F.ixiMKNT.*. — We are ind'-l.t* (1 t" Mr. Thos.

aj:-'nis in every countv in Pennsylvania, to canvass < v. r, ^. i „,..,, ■.,.,, ^ ,,.1. . .. ,,.11 i , ,• ,•
•' * * ' roit, >ei (i.^nian, ..' I.'. .M.irkt-t .-tre.'t, i liihiil.'lphia, tor

fur the rann J"tir/i<i/. Our terms ari' liheral and 11 r i ! ■ » w

' sr\eral i»ackages of seed^. and otni;r ta\ur.-. W c

w'' are assured bv wt'll-infoniifd fjicndfl in everv nor I .^^,*. i .«• 11 1 m <• 1 i- *. 1 1* l

^>^'j p^i most cliccrtully commend .Mr. t . and his establish-

tion of the State, that competent and ac^tive agents *. i^ *u '»• r *u i j • /.

' ' a^^uis ment to the notice of those who are desirous of pur-

cuuld not fail to succeed .11. \\ c therefore invite [ eha.ing " warranted fresh seeds," and any other ar-
^muns desirous of taking agencies to address u.. ,;,!,, „.,,^||,. ,:„„,,| ;,^ A-ricultur.d St,.-...
r>*^pm(/) on the subject: furnishing ns with sati.- y^^ ,i,,„,; .,j- ;;,,,^ ^^^^j^,.^ ^^ Philadelphia ha.,
tactory reference, and stating in what particular laid us under obligation, t^r a Muall m/-! Ir.u Force

ojunty they are desir-us of canvassin

The I'arm Journal as a Premium.

The warm int. r.>t Dianite.-teil l.y a numher of our
County Agricultural Societies in btdialf of the welfare

tliL'FarmJMurnal, places us under lieavy obligations.

i.-^tyear the Bucks (\)unty Society placed the .Jour-
nal on tip ir premium li-t (instead of the t/o//.//- usu-
"^lly given) and this vear, have done so again. The

l*umj», whicii for i^.ardening a> wdl a- h"UsehoM 1 ui--
pubus we have f'>und ni<'«'t e.\ccllent and useful. W ith
a small piece of' hose attached one person can throw
water with it a distance of sixty fe.r. Mi-. \\ i> also
the luanufacturer cd' (^at<dieirs P.itent J I vdraulic
Rams, upon whi»di inipMrtant inipri>\ cnvnts havi»
rci-ently been made. See his aiiverti>.enent.

The Commissioner lit' Patent.^ has lavurtd us with

'•''"" * '>i^nity Society, as will be seen by the reso- a juickage of garden and field seeds, many of whicli

utKiM h. l,,\v, li;iy^, f,,llo\vod the good example: are now growing finely.

. -1- Uesolvki), T/i(if the Exrrutirt' Cnniniittrf hr Linrnhisit ir> Vijs. Mr. ('. rialb'inan nf r.ainhridgc,

"u'^l^'^f '"^ ■"•^■^'^"^' ^'^''" ^'"'^^V/^'-"/''"'/ Pakm Joru- Lancaster CM., will a.'c-pr nur thanks h.r a p:or of
'"^ ^'i Iteii oj tJic i/oilar, a>rl in I'orl paf/no'Hf o/^. ,- , ,. ,.- ,,,, ,. ,. ^,.. ', „

^'ii'jer uremic w^ /„^;/^,.^. ; // ■ ■ j ■ nne Lincolnsliire I i^--. I he h,.lit<tr (d "the IMow,

J yi^unums III all cases ir/r f ///' rcripir^if j.v a '

.'inner and not already a sii/>srn/>f ,- tn thv Jintnial, ; in speaking of tin- l.r.r.l pays, "they are the lartrest
'^" 0 such other persotis as may be wUlinj to receive improved brc.'d w." know. They arr ..f .1 purr uhite

•u' » , color, verv thrift v, and tolrrahh' fiie- iMiinr-. They

»e beg leave respectfully to suggest t.. tlmse So- ' ' ^ ^

cross

^.^J.^^ , • - '"^ ; tTOf<a well either with tic Sufl'ilk ^r IJiik>!iirr. in-

out J r l'["^^num lists are not already made ,,,,,,i,^^. ,,., ,;,„ „f ^he latr.r without detracting

Juu'rnal r • 1' '''""" '^^^^'^' ^'^ '"^""'' "*' ^^''i much fr^ui their fine p„i,>t. They can he fatted at
"'^nai, received as a premiutn, wnuld. w- think, be , , , ' , n " ^T n , ,

more hiffl.l, • 1 , anvau^.-, thoii^Ii hc^t alt- r a year old. Mr. Ilalde-

^ niglily prized than the mere am. Hint <d' tlie ' ' c • c 1 i- 1 1 ^\ ^■

^uWrinti,K,> , , ,. . . . Joan ha- a few pairs r,,r s.de wlucli he will ihsposc

^»'-nption pnce— the dollar : as the recipient would ,. , ,

^ more i;i 1.- . . , , T« ^1 '^t reasonalae rates.

»"r» likr!\ to pr.\serv.^ it, than th- niMney. If|

^^^^ry Society in the State would adopt the i-im. it *aVW- <'anbv. "f Wiliuington, Del., will accept

•^ greatly strengthen our haiid>, and dis.^cini- our thanks f^r a copy of the Address delivered be-

the valuahle truths from time to time presented 1"'*' th.' Delaware Horticultural Society by <i. Km-

'^ 'Journal more widely. How many more So- ' erson, ^i. L>. AVe have read it with interest and

^■'^fwwiUdoit? I profit.

I

m

I

i

^

92

EDITOllIAL.

t -^ '■>>-lKi">l»*U1>(ai>]HW;b«l(f't;lt'M

(J

1 NT

Work for June,

rIiouM Jill be ready in snfficiont qnnntity ainl ■'•„„],
Every farmer who values healthy fruit trees and ,i«r. 'Vlw mows nhuuld be cleaned out, and the nl'
good fruit will take the precauti(»n nocessary to tbrnis for riekK constructed ; so tliut \vln„ v.ur hav
protect both from the attacks of insects. Caterpil- jy r^ady to be drawn from the iirld, Www miy be'nl
lars especlally,demand attention, as they are the lar- necessitv for stoppinj^ your hands to r.r. pure thepla/
vaao of butterflies and moths, and unless^ carefully ' ^^ ^,.^.,j;.,. j^ ^^^ ^j^.^^ ^.^^^^^ uugons, ropes &c. ar'

in trim, and your scythes in gcxxi ord^^r. The foHo;^.

watched and thoroughly <'xterminated, each success-
ive year demand an increased amount of labor to
eflfect their destruction. So numerous have they be-
come in certain sections that scarce a plant escapes
them. (Jo to work then in good earnest, examine
every fruit tree on your premises, and wherever you
find the slight(^st trace of them, cease not your eflbrts
until all are destroyed. Do this and next year your
laliors in the department will Ix' much lighter.

During the latter part of this and the first of the

ing excelh^nt remarks, we copy from th.- Americaa
Agriculturist.

''Miiny farmers do notconsidc^r the scorch i n f^ fffoct-
of our June and July sun, and the coiisi-nuciKp j^
that hay is too much dried in this countrj. Tnloss
the grass be very thick and heavy, it will ;:• n.Tallv
cure sufficiently, when exposed in theswarth \'nv \\\
days. AVhen shook or stirred out, it should imt remain
in this condition beyond the first day, or it will thii^
lose mu(;h of its n.utritive juices ; nor should <1 -w

succeeding month, sow your turnips. 15y a reference ' F'^''^ ^^•' permitted to fall upon it, unless in..,, ks 1:

.... 1 i. 1 ') < ii 1 !• 1^ I i« better, after partially drvinjr, to expose it fTthno

lo our last numlx'r, itan^e .34, the mode of culture ! r \ • ^\ - J ^^' ^ ^ n i i lur

' ^ 1 or lour uavs m this wav, and as soon us pronorlv

lairsued by iMr. liuist, (who, by the way we consider j eurod, place it under cover. It is a good practicMo

exi-.llcnt authority) will be found. Do not confine i salt hay when ])ut up, as it is thus secured afi:ain>-t

yourselves to the (piantity retpiired for family use ;' *^'"^^'^^^ ^'''*'" <^'^'^'^^'^'*'!^^^ greenness; an.l thyro is iv

waste of tlie s:ilt. a.s it serves? f]]n' flonlile <»]»jpct,aff<'^

curing the hay, of furnishing salt to the cattle anJ

manure heap.

"(.Mover should }>e cut afler havinir fullv hlossomo'l

as is generally the case ; but sow with a free hand ,
cultivate w(dl, and try the value of the Swedes and
other ^arieti(!s as food for vour cattle next winter. —

The value of the turnip crop is fully a|»[)reciatcd by | and assumed a brownish hue. J>y close cuttin<;, uiire

English farmers. It is said to be the "sheet anchor
of light soil cultivation and the basis of the alternate
system of English hus])andry, to which every class
of tin; comniunitv is so mvndi indtdjted.

forage is secured, and tho tdover afterwards springs up
nu>re rapidly and evenly. The swarth. >ndes8 heavy,
ought never be stirre.l open, luit all(»\ved to wilt >>n
the top. It may then be carelully turne<l over, and
when thus partially cured, ]daced in hi;^li gleDckr
cocks, and remain till sufficii'nily dry to rtinove int'^

Carrots and Smjfir 11 ct.^ for stock should also be - . -

cnTi-r, Ti,n . -^1,, r , r 1 r * 1 Ti i the barn. Clover may be housed in a nni-h lt-!.

sown. Ilie^alue ol carrots as lood lor stock, like , , , i ,■ ^ , •* • *i „ frnm

. 'I state, l)y spreading evenly over it m the wv^w. troin

that ot turnips appears not yet to be fully under- 1 ten to twenty (piarts of salt. Some add a bushel.

stood. Its cultivation in our State with ])erhaps a but this is more than is either necessary l"r the il ■

few exceptions, has never extended bevond a small ^''^^ ''^ judicious for the stock consuiuin- it; as tli.j

, 1 • ,, , ,,. , 1 ' , purjiative effects ol too much salt induce a waf^tetul

bed m the ;:ardcn. ^\ c are glad to see, however, [.^nrumption of the forage. A mixture of alt.rnn-

that our northern neighbors are taking hold of the layers of dry straw with the clover, by ahs-'rhin: | -

subject in good earnest, and hope soon to find it juices, answers the same purpose, while it nuitcrM..

awakening a proper degree of interest in Pcnnsylva- i^^P^^^es the flavor of straw for fodder.
nia. Tin; fattening (qualities of the carrot, un(pies- ^'^^^ scorching heat of June, July and August.-:

tionablv rank first amon<!;st the root crops. Thecul- mand of the farmer more attention to his miuiur

tivatinii is easy, the cost. trilling, the yield per acre f^»f^» ^^ any other season of the year. >> e li.'re ...

mimeiise, and the value umpiestioned.

Corn will need yourcar(dul attention. "Weed and
cultivate well. Weeds like Caterpillars, are the re-
sult of negligence. One years inattention to tlnun at
the jiroper season, will only double your labors for
the next. (lraji])]e vigorously with them this month.
Give them no (quarter. Serve them in a like manner
for a year or two to come and v'>u will save your-
pelves much work, and secure better crops. Never
permit a weed to run to seed; if you do, you will
have a thousand perhaps in its place the next year.

Haymakinr) comes in season during this month. —
Every good farmer will have made the necessary
preparations for this important season. *' Make hay
while the sun shines" id an old but excellent adage,
which applies as well to the preliminaries to hay-
making, as hay making itself. The Forks and Rakes

occasion to commend the adoption of Manure ^H'"'
instead of the old practice of exposing; the eontoii-
of Stables &c., to the rain and sun. Wo kuow .'f
many persons who have adopted the shed eyst^'
and who are hin-hlv satisfied with the inere;i<eJ vab-
of the manure thus protected. Manure sheds m-.
be so constructed as to answer the d>'uble piirj"-'
sheltering both cattle and manures ; and at a u.
parativ(dy trifling expense.

lUit whetlx^r you have sheds or not, the droppi"-
of the cattle in the stables as well as around the ba^;
yard should be thrown to th<' conuu^ni h'-ap. ••
thus, in part, prev.Mit the loss which ^^'^^''^-^'^ '^"^^^^
from the exposun^ to the hot suns of summer,
weeds j.uUed or cut, should all be carted to the F|^
cipal heap, where they are speedily converted iu||
fertilizing matter, instead of being thrown m'

EDITOU AL.

DJ

the fence corn-'r<, t<. poi-MH i);,. ^tm .^j.h.Te and
.strengthen tho ^rr.wth of oth.-r cimally n.xi.ma
plant". Thousands up..n thousands of dollars worth
.,f valuable fertilizing materials, are annuallv b.-t to
the farmers of I^'nn>ylvania, by a w.mt of care in
this direction. \s c had intctide<], a- pr<>miv.',l in ,Mir
li4, to continue the subj^-ct <d' inanurc. ; but as one
i.,f our correspondciits has taken h.dd of it, we "ive
way to him with pb'a>^ur(\

Imi'Kovei) F('\sls. — Never perhaps has the '* hen
fover" prevailed to as great an extent, in Pennsvlva-
nia. as ai tlii:^ time. AVe are literally crowded with
i;)(juirie^ frMin every section (*f the State. Manv
;Vi»'nd- in the various counties have reipnwtcd us to
t.iirchase \'uv them, 'fhis we have done, althou'di f .r
v,nie tiiic past. goo<l,puro stock has been scarce and
hi;;h. In a farmer num})er (d'the Journal w,' refV'rred
rurreiebrs to several dealers and bree-b-rs in Phila-
delphia and elsewhere. Anioni^st these were Mr. p.
Hunt, uf West Philadelphia, fmui wh,)m we hav
;.ureha.sed several pairs (d' Cochin <'hina f,.wN w}.;,-l, |
f'irsize airl [>rop,,rtion, as well as f .r other excellent '
qualities wo think fully tMpial to any we have ever
>ocn, an.l ar,> assured that they may be re|ie,I upon
M pure desceudauts of imported st.»(dx.

Messrs. Gould and Arnn],] ,,f Lancaster Citv have
on hand at the present tim.-, a number of very supe-
rior Shanghaes. Tlndr stock they assure \i<, arc
liiv-al dec'tidents from recent importations, and ar^
truly uuhle f .wis. We have piace.l one of them in
'ur yard and have no hesitancy in recomm.'ndin-
tt"'m to the att. ntion of those whodesire to purchase.
• lossr^. r,. .V A. are rea<ly to fill orders at a fVw .lays
"'^tiee, and will -uarantee satisfictbm t. buyers.

If any of nur friends desire further inb.riuatinn, ..r
•■■^" u^ tw make purchases fbr them, we will (dieer-
i'ullvdu su.

r"falot^.-~hmm^x^'^^ ouantities of potat<.e.H J.ave
been planted, rlu^ ^.-a.son. T!.- bi^rh pri,.- whi.-h tbn
esculent ha> r,r m .nibs past comiinicbd has b-d to
this. I'.tatoes of a g.„.d ,|iiai;ty .uoi.ot now U- bad
^"■ l"ss thai, fn.ui .Sl.2.', t- -i. >0 per busheh Wo
>'^^^" n -ver seen the potatoe cr..p more promising
than at this time. It the8ea.son continues favorable,
l'-"ri>ybani a will be able to supply two or three of
her sister Suues next vear.

" '41 1 K . . . — \y <■ Want iiif> 'rma-
tion up..n all >ubj,.ct> p.-rtainin^- t.. a^ncnhore.l

Parmers, thuse of you ^^h,, ba\.. rc,r I „ i„ ,|,„

habit .d' writing b,r publi.-ate,,,, ,1,. „ r bt tie. „„ re
idea fri-hten y.-u. Try it ore-.- and p rbq,.. n, ,, ,, ;|!
he enc.Miraged t,, try it a-ain. Wnh' ! if y-.u .;/,!
manap" to p.-n l,u: a dn/.n lire.. Th.' lev. n, J ,[ ,\\
be easier. Write in y-ur .,wn lan^oia-.., aiei ,i., ,H,t
b''d that it will P.- tw,, plain t. I„. uieb r'.- • ^d. -[\w
!*''^'"'''*- f'"' '""f"!-- ^^■" :ir." I,.i,.,riM^ { .v :h,. ^rreju
ma>. .dw..rkin- m.n, a> NSeil a.> for the scientific and
learned—our desir.^ ;>. to present truth }),.w..N..r sIm
ply attircl. and tier, Cr.- rlevir.. tP.. i-.^nP . .,f v,,i,r
pra-'tical experience. Sit dow n and trv it

^'Uii. Cr.un, \-,-.-_We are pleased to learn from
^^•r-'-X'li:u.-Ms, that the anticipations of a failure.,:
'^'^ fruit .Toj. will not be realized in Pennsylvania. -
^'■'m every s.vti,.n of the State apples. p..ar.>, de r-
f''^ plums, apricts, .^c. pnunise abun. lance. In
"'"^nooalities, tb.peaeh cr,p wiil b. at.^tal failure,
'" "thors then, will be at(derable yiebl. and in some
, ' '" '^" ^'^" '"'^^."^ ^'r..p. The peach trees -merally.

i""T''' ^"''*' ^"^'-r-'d. Mu. h ..f the v.,i.n- wood
Mas boiMi ,1 . .. I , . * "

^^^jun .I.Mn.y.Ml. and it will rcjuire a sea.^n ,,r

' '' or tbeui to recover lr.,m the effects of the severe
•'^''•fl;i>t winter.

i he Grain /^,- t-<

««a L/oy).— i,.,^j^ pj-pppj^^ appearaniN^s th.^

^^1^'!'''*'''''''''^''''' ""^ ^"' =^^ '»^'""<I^i'>t ii« the la.st.
^hZl """' ^'"""'"' anti.dpate an average yield,
^JJ^^thers not more than half a crop.

' un^'^I^^^ ^^^° '^^^'^^ looked better in Lancaster
}' The young phmts are vigorous and thriHv,
' tbcir color fine.

Si-HscRimoxs TO THE Neu Vui.i ME.-AVe would
be ungrateful indeed, were we not to acknowledge

our indcbte.lness to a great mar,; b:.;d fri.nds, Ibr
th.'ir efb.rt-^ in P.balf .^the j.-nrnal. 'Pbu. far ! ut
seventy of .air .^Id Mib-^.Tih-.r. 1,;^.. i^.ip.n ,,|V. ,^pj,.
our li>t .,f n.w Mib..a i'.a-> lia> t,.. n larp.|y incr.-as. d.

•'•"^ ^''''-" -i^ l''i^'' ' " tie' additi.,!,. toe,wr li^t. we

w.aild b.' pleased t.^bav.- n,nrr .' Will not our friends
Continue their exerli.in.-> .' We liope thev will 'i

F-.r,,.!n (hi^nt' rh/ i:'r,,,r<_ Jj,, yy,,„}.ur'; /C/-
;//^///vA/- ,//e/ S'.rtU llr,f,.l, /.'' r/, ;r.v j,av ,. p,...„"rrceiv-
<mP Messrs. L.on.anl Sott .V (',,. are ei.titb-.l to tbanks
.d" every b.ver of <.,un.l lit.-r.af nr.' fbr th.' j.r-m-.t.
hands(»me and idu-ap manner in whi.di tlev -ef \\u
these able r.'print.>. Tli.-y are ai.vav-^ wrie.an-
visitor^* t.. our table, arel sleaibl b.- f, e\rrv ene who
values d.di-htful inrelle.'tual ex. it.'m.-nt. Tie- wli..le
b.ur .d tb.' (,>Marterlie-, \v nl, P,Ia,k^vo,. I. m tv ),.. h;,,l
"f the vublivleTs f,,r >lii, .\.b!r.-> L.-nard .^. .-it
iV Co., 7'.*, Pulton .street, New ^ ..rk.

Saj-I,>ns ]:,ir,,l }{,,,,] //,„„■,.. 'Pie. Iii\,- aiel (he
Honey iJee. The 11..-. The P,.u!fry \ar.i. and the
ib-rse, are tie- titles of fair neat lirfi,- \M!tijii-s jcvt

i--ue.l fri.ni the prev^^ of C. M. .^ixt.ai, .\rw V'lk.

rie'S(» bo.,ks are ju^t what tb. ;\ pr,.!--- to be — han.}
IxK-ks 1,1 r.dercnce. Tb. y ai-' adapo .1 !,» nil (davses
are convenient in >\/.v, aiel .-^o de ap that the price of
the whole is really not more than the value of any
sin;^le i,n.' . d" fbe serie.*^. Price 12.) cents each or "^'l
for the f.'iir. They can be s- nr In mail.

M'"!'l Anhitrit, So. 1!. -obtain- fully the libdi rc-
j.ut.ifi ai ..f th" preceedm;; Nos. We hope to be able
in .Mir n. v.! r. pr.-^«'nt one of th.- beautiful design.s
contained in lb.' Architect, by which our readers will
he enabled to form an idea of the character ^^( ihu
work generally. E. S. Jones k Co., rhiladelphia.

. .'A,-

r^ll

94

ADVEKTTSEMENTS.

(Tr-NF,

lb.'i2.)

Ar)vr:RTisK>rEXTs

9.5

EMORY 8c COMPANY^S

RETAIL PllICE LIST OF HOUSE POWERS, THRESHHUS, SEPARATORS, SAW MILT.S

Feed Mills, raniiiMsj Mils. Ac, iScc, inanufactnred by them-
8»;lve8, ami cit'livfrcd on Ixiard any ronveyuncfB at Albany, N. Y.,
or at any place iii the Uiiitt-d l^tates, by the addiiiou of freight :

I-'inery's I'iitt'irt Changeabiti Tower, Threeher, Separator and

Hands coiiipli-le, for 2 horses, S150

do <l<> 'b) 120

Emery's Improved Wide Ruck and Pinion, with Tlireslier,
Separator, und Bands ft)r 2 horses.
do do do 1 do

Coiuinoii or Wheeler Rack and Pinion Power, Tliresher,
Separator, and Banils, for 2 tiorses,
do do do 1 ib>^

If sold separately the feUowing prices are charged ;
Emery's Changeable H. R. H(»rse Power, for 2 horses,

do do do do I do

Emery's Wide Rack and Pinion Power, for 2 horses,

do do do do 1 do

Comnvm or wheeler Ruck and P.nion Power, 2 horses,

do do do do I do

Thre»lier, witli cylinder 2i''> inches lor^g, 14 i in diameter,

togellier wtlli >cp;ir:il(!r and Fixlnres,
Fanning Mills with pnllcya for Hand, ?2 '), 28,

120
i:i.')

110

no

W)
90
f>0

7J

30

12

w

Portable Circuhir .Saw Mill. 21 inch saw, filed and lel, (.t

sawiiig Railroad'wood. slittii g fdict s, &.c.
I'pright or Kelloe Saw for Wbt elrii^lits,
Churning attachiient, for driving o le or two churns at :i

time, of barrel size, except ch'irnH.
St'tt Bands, Wrenches, Oil Can, and I'xtras,
Cross Cnt Saw airangements for bnlting and catting dfTlogi,

including Saw, miides and connections for use,
Fe<-d Mill, Cast Iron 'lates,

Pr«.w>> Miirr 'it<Mi«« \T i U T. ir OT 1 lu! i i\rr 1 P i nchpH d intnpt >T

" do do (to 20 ilo

Pc^wer Corn Sheller for 1 or 2 liorses, 35 U) 'J'

Tekms— Cash, or approved notes, or ncreptnncei with intffit,
payable witi.in four tmailhs, in All)aiiy, New York, Iii)«li»u, I'hi.-
adelplua. or Ra'tiniore. iis may bebt suit the piirchatttT.

All iirtic cs warranted made of good materiaif, and U)opf rate oi
represented, oi may be returned vilhin three moitilis, at the fx
pense of manufacturers for home traii8|>oriatioii. and puri-hai'-
money rcfumled — the punliascr heiiig his own judge in each calf
For further particulars see previous adv<rti8enient, rr oddieM th*-
Butiscribe'-B Libera' dedm lions to dealers Local AgeiiUwaiitc.;
to sell and put the above m opeiation FMHIH k CO

June, 18o2. 36U A. liT I Hroadway, Albany, >. \.

the inside surface of the Ram with gbiRS, thrrehv prmrrvnif '
from rust, making ii (With waterpr(.or [>amt iip..n the ..utiitle «
ninsfiinpt'rishable. These Ri.msare wnr-aiited tn he moreriun. e
than any olher8 made in the Fnitct Stales, w tliMut any eiceptjoh*

Gatchel's I) -able Acting Rams, have beconi'^ ^'*'''\„|'''''"*r ',
raising spring or we I water, bv means of a Cft« ii y^^*^ *^''"'
wilh suitable rip.rs wiM be put down, and wanauted furouejcur
at the lowest possible price for cash , .

Catcbel's Hams will be put up .wlieii prHVirrd as uiuai. D) ^
subs.-riber, who has erected large numbers . f iti'in m varu.ui pr.i
of the country. , ., . .l, .

As to the nunntitv of water e'evnted by the above r^"^ f J^""

,ec for not hssthan One Hundred Dollars is Ftill <^Pf "; 'f' '":,

.•r all of those persons who alledg.- that their rains wU elevni ^
greater amount or per cent of water The trut i is thai a r
per cent of water may be raised by the ram HccoMmt! t> 1" ^^
'aws of mechanics and philosophy, and he ^^''^ ';^''""" , . . ,^i,.
moe mav be set down as an arrant humbug, and n.tfiu.n.g

leive the public

ivethe pnlilic , ^, .nttTfti

Farmers and othe. 8 wanting Rams will pubscrve ""J ''
bv examining the above Rams before purrhasmir •"''♦■^"^' ^
mav b.' seen in practical operntiop at the ^t-r^ at «»> ' _ ^ ^^f

Piprsof a'l kinds furnrshed. and contracts tor P/'"' J,„,ut
lowe.'^t rates f .rCash. A large variety of pumps, with pipe
alwa\« on band viv f^*"

Thesnbs'-riber wonM also eall the attention of tj;''^ r«"^ '^, |.;j
article of I.igblnn g Rod. ' '''"truct.d upon tl>e pr ''^ P ^
d<nvn bv I'rofcssor Hare. Faradv. Dr f'^''''V'''- 'I Hvcwf.t
W Snow Hams, F R. S . and other philo8<.ph.rP, wii- '■•

ten o\) this subject

GREAT IMPROVEMENT in HVPRAULIC ILAMS.

The suhscriber, durins: the past six years of practical experience
in putting ui> Hydraulic Rams has se.n the necessity of some im-
prf.venn-nt, and would now most respecllully say to ihe ccMnmnni-
ty nt Urge, that he has c(Mnpl< ted .«<oine very important Improv-
ment», wliich renders the Ham much more duraljb-— (there being
)io friction or wearing of metals against metal in any part of the
mnrliine) also less lialde to breakage— such parts being made ot
wrought iron as are liril)le to break, instead of cust iron as usual)
the method of regn'.atinff the quantity of water con«nmed is more
convenient with greater nicetv and no possil>lc danger of getting
out of order ; and another new feature la the enameling or coating

irn OI, lino Bui'j'-» i. Kn iff

They are cheap. enT^-ctive nnd h-<:hlv '»PP'"">^''''^ "*" '^^'("ijoWN.
111,..!. ' Call and rxitnine foi yonrs'-lyes. A „, j^iph.i.

,'!0') Market St.. Third door at.ove Kh st , N • side. 1 h. ade ^
nt Tliomas F. Cb^fl's Model Seed Store.

June, ]K>i

ALDERNEY AND IMPROVED SHORT llOKN

THRFF thorough bred Alderney RUrJ,S. ^rorn nme^n e ^^

month V.ld. rais.d fi. rn '''^ '-'-'r^' ''■;':;;';;;,,,' ^ oUl.r,..^ '"
thoroughbred Nonng short h.-rn Rul s ^ "'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,-...-'

.1 r r M, 'P I' Wcmincti n. near I tiiUuU ipnin, «■ ,

'"I'AnoN r FMFNT kg'nt f-u the purcbane .nd .ale of
proved stock. Ce.lar street, above 9th stf tct. I l««iau y
February 5M, l»52.

MANNVS r.VTIiNT A D.ll ST.V RM: RKAl'lNd
.\\I> .\lu\\ LNO >L\(II1\K8.

\fnnu/artured (It \V<i i/aw' '^ ^' rovr , Stfihtnum county . Illinots : aiul
for Mile by John \^Jun^, linm^tur^, Wrn lynuit/. Alt Joy; MP.
Oill, Sfiiremarn'ton'ny and Dand CacLUy, Lancatter Fa.
Warranted t«» cut all kinds of (Jrain and Grass ; also Flax. Millet
Corn 111 the field, and to gather Clover, riinotay and Flux Seed
This machine will ( nt irom ten to (ifteen acres per day, with two
kone*. with one |)ers<iii to lend it when mowing ;.iid two pers.ais
whrii reaping, 'i'he >;r.iin is icitonone side, inguveis, fof binding
The <rai8 18 spread linii.irm.y over the ground. Ry the use ot a
tli.uble-edged sickle, llo' cuUoig apparatus is the mo8t perlcct— anil
wnieh 18 coniiect.al by means ..( a jmnl so n» to adjiihl ilsi-ll to un-
even ground, and by means of a ievcr at the driver's seat, it can be
raised aid lowered instantly and easily when ninving along, to cut
fr.im one inch np to two tcet from the ground. Ry a peculiar ar-
"iM^ement of ine wht-.-is, all suJe dral t against the team is entirely '
v.i.led Theconstiuctioii of the machine is smiple, and byitren-
oered convenient und durable. Price 8135 00, half down, 8130 00
ilIJi'«"'- J. H.MAN NV

HKAD THE FOLLOWING TESTIMONIALS:

/ane.xti/^f, Uu, August 17, 1851.

!: !! !v one has cither gram or grasa, and wanU to have it cut ai

t i-^il lo be, ne will consult his own interest, by examining Man-

„;,< Heaping and Mowing Machine. The simplicity of its con-

itruclioii with Its absence of unneeesanry friction, renders u supe-

uoz Id Hn\ ( ther machine of the kind 1 Jjuve ever seen.

T 1 i- .u „ , ^^^ HODSON,

Lue member of the Royal Agricultural Society. England.

IT' . /-nil . Auf;ust. 18 1 1.

We, citizens of Relvidere and vicmitv, Rc^.ne county, Illinois

•v.veniinitdy observed the <»peiation of Manny's Reaper and. Mow-
-r n.is laa.hiiie we have seen at work in wheat that was ba.liv
..Kiged.Hiid \vith a very heavy growth of straw. The work was
done perfectly clean, and with ease for two horses. The wim^

MH< nillH Wr hnvf •-. ■

... , , .. ...^ — "^ < '^«i» me i;ras3 Close

lo he ground and smoothly. It works admirably ui cultinif ch.ver
aiulhHsdemoiiHtratrd its, If to our siUistaction. to be a c.minlete
•sNif saving niii.hiiie. *

P..vvcirHad.loclv, L T I^.rd, H.J. Dool.ttle, Th,.mas Clark L
urdi, h S Mrond, Jerome Harper, M. Hawiev, Isaac Stock well"
David PuluKr. UUlu.n Wui.s, T. T. M. Chamberlui. and ,^1';

'^hiiie and with other machines uIh,. with lio- scMhe and cradle
we. the undersigned, can iru.y say, to our best knowledge Maim '.
".chine IS not only unM.rp...sed. but unequalled ,or feapni.nl I
>;*mg; cutting gr.s. Cose to the ground- ai.o reap.ng'g ai '

■ mp:^te n.uner, n^t leaving a .n'ge head standing, buMiv . g '
't <«H in g.NwlB|,;,p^„„.| even gave'sf,,r binding ^ '

^ B'7.;h''"%7''''' *■;;■"; f''-l''-"»"" ^'" • "I i Abram Mar-elbis, '
^r.h;.! ' ^'''""■"'^"•'•■''""K^-^'»"='rb-8Rust.\Vad.ian,-,r;rove '

i'l-J:^^;; ohn^'""^"^^ "'"' ^•"•^- -'^'">'- '--' J""" "-■ '

w.l'k're*of'thts?M'.V'-'^^'"''"^ MACniNK-We witnessed last

CIS ^Vv .1 0*0 '''■''" ''''''•*"'•■''''''' ""^''« f-'armol Mr Fran-

'r n, wh, ""«.^'"-''K-. and were well pleased with the m>. -

' Vd t ' ' '>';'''r"' '•''»• '"Ph Borneo.' the gram was badU

'••at .sic ;.;';':r'''''^''\^^''''' ^•'»>' »«lm'rab,e despatch and

► as t c ,2 ' ^ r' *^''""' '■''""" '^"^ '♦=«'""8 «' '" P^^'feci gavels

'-- v? "an ;;.; '/[r^''^, 'r '""^"'^- '^^'^^ -^vantages of th.s ma-'

•-' - t un.v . ' ''7^'/'"'^ '•' "»'*- consist, m .l« perfect adap-

>l'r^Miinvlo^ "''''-''''' ^''''^'^^'''^'''^ '"•'"■'" ^'f flevat.ng and

n, s '..',' '""r;"P "T'K^ cutting the grain at any height-

^^^'y^^^Z 7"^"'''^'''^''^ obviating all side draught, and the

'Mv.Jr ; , ' ''''S^^ m.aving; .-ol the change

^ '']o<t Journal, Aut;uf(, IHOl.

ti.''i':ii ' a';,:.':;,;,'. *;:;;;;i.';.';l;'."'" '"= "'""''" "■ »'■?'>■ -"• •-"" »-

""•'"''''''''"' t^»e manure ..rconrjpo.t pilr the Fertilir«.r«, II i i.
-8 increase greatly the efficacy of th'^ mixture '" ^""^'•

m.!ie; :"::::;;;;;•;;,;■[, T::::::;i:r »-«>'>«'^y -"..est other

f V If .1 , . . t ' "■ "'CV b''e,,Mie satisfied of its iitili.

whi.- '; ' ; :«^^i:::;:7^;; "- --• '- •"-' w.ti. .;.;c:":;i^

ly Ml the .,,.1 '^" '"•'' "^^ ""'"'^ 'I be buried deep.

Cy I'rice, ■S'i.'.Oper b.irre!

Manufactured and f r sale bv

June \Vio\ ^^^^^/i'-i^^'^^(\TTf:nr,CU)h
^ne, 1M2) otHce. «-l Arch ,1 . 1'nihulelphia

TAINS, ,^o...vo. '^ ' ■^-

The subscriber manufactures Double-actinL. lot and r r..
Pump, perpend.cuar a.nl h..r,z..utal,) of any k /e .,r ...,^' .^

».,„, ^'''';^''^' AM) FACTORY Flin: r.M.IM-;

' an;;w:^rk:;itf:^w'z;""^''^'"^' '"'^^'"'^ ''''■ -»"> ^-^^'ed

Cistern and Well Ibimps, for in or out d(H,r«.

<.-.rden Engines, with a small .■/. .h.nhle artmg lift nnd rofr«

', »' ■'»ii«Mf;. I. vvoiiuf WIUloUl Slletloil The\ < ra > . . I . •

tf..->t one person can wheel then. ,r,.m pL.ee to .i .ce ut .:;.^' !•';•'
earn,,,,,, r,.r agnen-tural and h.Tt.cn'turril p./rp,.se, "'' "' "

Ornameytal . ast iron Fountains of various .tv le. and pric.

Copi e R, vetted H.,.e ..t all s.z. s. II...0 Couplings, m'.., cock.
L»-a I and (ast iron pipes. A.r fr » ' |> «.o< kn,

I am now ready to r. ceivr orders and buibl Steam E.xme. from
3 t.> U horse power, p<.rtuble or statn.nary, horizontal or per^ ,d
eulnr I shall build them in a. a .unnle a .tvle a. rvl..M '^
bmed w,th .tre,..th and .ure of getti^:g ..^ e'Jjiy ;a'rt'^r"^dr;;;
o any purpo.e recpnred XVhen an engine 1. re'u.re.i r'r ^^

%vat rut any am..nnt, i r,.n adjust the pump, mi h r, .mpa, t f, r.n

ea;..y g,,t at, and disc , i.-.! ,>,.,„ th-- engin. when J[ -'u^^

for pumping In many „rnat,ons sieam .. the m, si pr,.'U. I 'e 'Te
orra.sM^wat.r,»«t:.ee.„.necanl.e used f„r .tiler purj^^^t

Als . prep.ired to rree,v-r ..rders or give info.matnm up^-n I.-,t>,ci
Plaiiu-rs, IVe...,^ Mrm,.e. Pu !:.. and iT«.ch.n,8tUHds^H ';,^^^^^^
(ro.nlhehrmolMe.s,. i, Snow .V Co , Mer.den Cmm/^ '

An) conm.unMrutions l.y mail will have immediate attention
<» B. FARNAM,.i< (■ :;I «• , n..ir la uui, N. V

s H . \ N < . n . \ f; .s ' ~"

''PHE •iib«-ri!)erR take this melh.x! , f"

^Ir J ]] Minn,. 1- . Inrisbur^, T'nion co , F'a.

-•• i.r.u; ! -' ~v/""' '^''»'f^^"C. here fnHy answer the pnr-

•*«or heard uf^'^' "^""^^■''. »!"••<-•> % "-'d al . thers I have

CvHU. Dhiksbac H

I HE .ub«-riherK take this melh-n! , f n.r.rming th. ritizrns . f

1 Lancaster and v.conty that ther have -ai hand and f. r I^^le.

large and beautilul stock of Shangha- f.. wis. the .upenontv anU

g.KK ,,„a .t ,. ,,.h.ch eanii,.t be surpassed by «n^ ni the cunt

Mncethe hrst ImjH.rtafnMi of the.e fowls I r. m Shangh •■ ChnrV

1 '^l"'*; «r:'" '"♦^ r'-' '^^"♦'^''"V l^" •^^•" r-tien'nrly ,n the N,^
England Sl.ite., and are eagely s..ni;ht at ter f..r lluirgereral e.U'
(jnaliMe.. g.K>«) |«y,„pr properties and ^nrly matunlv, which render
them (ht superior tn any . ther f-wi in Anier.en

These f.-wls can be seen at d \V Arn.-.l „. ,„ S, nth Dnke «f
"Pn"".te the public sch.HKS, or by calling on T R (o.uld at Vo. , -'
''"^"^' ., ' T R 1.(1? I.I) '

^""^''"2.^ r. W .VR.NOI.I,

fra

^J<) l'AIlMi.:iisL_SALINE FEKTILIZEK.

'' ''^CTH^.c m.'," ''^"'P'T'' ^'^ <*"^"-»' the soil the various ml
It ('iitii./i,.. _ I

n-
o-

AmmZa'c'n,'?''!'; f^^"!-^^"'" of the mi'ts of Potash, S.,<}a and
="'^' -ther Vert i! '' '' '^' ''''"«l>f'--»t»^"f '-""e. Animal Charcoal,
•'"''•dnMinue ^'^' ""'''■' '^''^^'"''""^ ^'"''"'"^ " ''ighly cui.cen.

^eF„tili. '"/il-i'TlONs FOR ISE

•<"'^ and ..,r^.!f 1" ""!'' '"' ''PPio d at the rate of two barrel, to the

'f' "" oninf, '""r' ' ""t ••<« Ihe su, f.ice
«««»er JO lum f 111*' ''":"'^''- i^'« "'Its jho,ld be found adhering to-
•wraps, they should be brokeu, wy with the back of a

.^ ^1 D. IKI.LKM'.Al .M

Manu/mturfrfo/atl kind, vf St^am Fn^tne^and PoiUrs ShJ, and
Jiini Lath.^, Mtll and /V-., .^v,,,,., „^ ^^ ,,j^/ ^^

^^''•^l C^f'tnut ^t ,I.in'nstfr Tn '

VVr also furnish casti.iv-s of the best materia g. and at the mo.i
j reasonable p-ices H.vici; had hfteen xearp piarf.r.V ,x;'rr»;,^
; in the niannfactnreof varnaiB kinds ..(• niachoory an d-r.ai w..ik
j weareaMet*. warrant our w,-rk io give sitis/action to all who
1 may lavor us with their patronage. (June, ia'2.

I ^ (iPANO WAUK m)\'<K

Xo.!')\ South H'/i(i7Tr.s'. lirl'.ir U'.i/nuf Slreft.
Peruvian mid rntac..nia (onino, (,^, .ale m large or small nann-
tltli s, in barrels and bags on reas.-n.i! le ferns

J'>si:pri L JONES,

. No 55. S.aith Whrtrves, Philadelphia.

sHANT.riAE k corniv rrnxA i-(Ti\ i.s '

For S i/r.
The Bubsenber ha. on hnnd a ruir-ber of vonng Cor bin rho... A
M.ar,>.'h.»e Fowl, of the latent imp..rtali..„. whuh he will .'in- 6c
ot at (air price, on post paid application, addrrsse.f to

vv ^ i.Ko o,. PIN MP HFNT

U est 1 blU . Che..,ut at , Urd do^r West of Pub School Hocac

m

on

ADVERTISEMENTS,

f Ir'<fT'

*'*5i*'-'-^Btnas's -ttfUMMiwt'.w

• «# ■f^^tSk-UH*^ »#■.««»'•« «#<»>' ^a^w^tf'dW^^

^7^^ >^^;/^,

::ae

r^^AVWtfff'^f^-"^

TIIK ACiRlClLTUKAL DRILL!

A Silver Medal aicarded by the Maryland State Fair,
Patented November 20tL 1849.

Description of the seediiipf apparntua. A, is one of a series of

Ir.ui Rollers or piillies. faBtt-ned to an Iron Kod or Axil, which re-
volves with the wheel of the machine ; tittiug to a curved and
gronvd ca>stiiig M, attached to the t)ott()in of the iiopper, corres-
pondiiii^ with !i bevelled opening iii the latter, through which t'Jie
seed IS admitted and carried forward by the roller. The quantity
admitted is regn atec! by means of an Iron Kod aUnig the entire
front of the hopper, to which all the sides are hrmly attached and
kept in place by spriiiuM J. They are elevtited or depressed by a
lever I), attached t<> said rod and opperates simultaneously on each
slide and groove. The lever D, is lield in its position by means of
the catch I, having a series of teeth or notches. The roller re-
ceives tlu' seed in proportion to the size of the opening in the
groove, and refaiiiH it by means of a cap F, in front of each, and
conveys it to the tube (J, through vvliu-h it is discharged, termuvi-
ting 111 a cone K, which scatters it across the entire furrow made -
by the teeth or slianks FI, m front, having a broail base of four or
more inches.

Tiie object of the invention is to secnre an equal distri!)ntion ot
8ee«l in the drills either m ascending or descending hills; to regu- ;
ate the exact quantity sown per acre, to distnbule and scalterlhe i

seed in the drill, from 4 to 5 inches isi the ground, *o that it will
be more perfect in Its growth and >icl.t more than i! sown by
those in ordinary use ; in fact, posseBsmg many advaiitajjet that
catmot fail upon examination to strike all, as the accnmpaiuin?
certificates from competent judges and practical furmeri cxprew
it, as the best machine of the kind m use.

The broad shovels and cones npperate in like manner as t.yiMl-
iuR the fuirows with a hoe and sowing by the hand ; hence peeu-
hurlv adapted forlhe South in .-».)wmg Rice. i3y elevaUng the
cones the muchin.- sows la a inaniier broad cast.

Mmnma's Patent improffd

We the undersigned, ailer using Mmnma s ateni '"•P"'*'^
Seed Drill, beg leave to recommend it to the public as one of in^
best, if not the very best machine for the puri>osc, [as exprc»»cu
above, J that is now in use.

Signed David Kmsey, Henry Hershey, Andrew F.hersole, John

Eversole, Chas. Redes, John Garver. M. H'^^'/'-^^'t^in nn. e J
Samuel Wenger, Peter Kversole, Jt.seph "^-^^ey, J<;»''' l'|^'<^'*' ^^
Miller, Geo. Noll and M ichael Noll, of D.aiplnn co; S. ^ -^ne"";.
Jacob Krider and John Hnnseckcr of Lebanon CO.; ^^ '" wm) .
Perry co.; and Samuel Frantsof York county

The subscriber, re^ulir.g at Springville, Mt. Joy l]^'"' J]f;',;;\^; ,
CO.. I'H , 18 now prepared t,> sell the entire right, "'''"> "'J.' ;^.\„
vend this vahiable Machine for TownshipB, ( o.mlieH, . ..
Territories, upon reasonable terms m,'MM^ r'te-nl'"

l>in:Mli;M;STUAAVBKKllY ".l/(>r.l.1/A'A>7.V(7."

THIS new and very superl) variety raised by G. Schmitz, Ksq
near Philadelphia, and to which a spt'.cinl Preynium was awarded
hy the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, was purchased bv the
subsci iber, and is now after a fair trial of three years, for the first
time offered to the public

It pofsesses advantagrs (wer all others that 1 have as yet seen,
or cultivate*! — is remarkable tor its robu.'^t and vigorr)UB growth —
perfectly hardy, enduring the extremes of lieat and cold, is very
producUve, producing u greater average of large berries trom one
plant than nnv other, and nearly equal in size to the '• Hovey's
Seed'ing." Its great merit is its rich and high llavor, in which it
excels all others— it is much better adapted for market,^(for which
purpose r»m growing extensively) as its fruit is not so easily in-
iiired bv cnrriaire. Stro.ig Plants now ready f<»r delivery at $'2 per
doz.. or S12 per KK). J AMKS M. TAGE,

Burlington, N. J. Address orders to Henry A. Dreer, Seedsman

and Florist, No. 59, Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

April, 1852.

GITANO AM) PI.ASTKK

T'MVs subscribers olTer for sale at the lowest market rates,
10(K) Tons Dry Patagonia Guano,
5()0 '* Government Peruvian Guano.
500 bbls. Ground Plaster.
The quality of the abtwe is unsurpassed, and can be reeomrneiid-
ed with confidence to farmers and others in want of the articles.
A liberal deduction made to Country Merehants.
^ ""^-^ AI.I.EN fc NEEDLES.

No. 22 & 23, S. Wharves, Firit Store above Chef, st., Phila.

T 1 1 K V lU I T-( ; ROW K K'S II AN,!],:™^!!'^,

Enconr:mc.l bv the very warm ''''''''^'^''''••''''''^';'/. mthe vrbollr
ceived alike lr<mi experienced "'•^'''•''''''^'^^'•'' '''l^; " ['^^^
inexperienced, the author ventures with some cont idencc

mit It to the public at large. ;» „„i»„r». asked of tlx

Notes of all the important questions on fruit *'"'^"7 "J^ of V.'-
writer during the last ten years, with a thorough ^e-ea^^^" ^,^
mological works, have contnbnte.l to render this volume
plete as possible, in convenient compass. , |,„t,

^ To the lot-holder who wishes to make t^^,'^'^" •\^/w^,he. t-
and little room, as well as to the extensive P «;»;V\ ,^' ^^j „nd pro-
arrange and cultivate his ,'ardens m he n.os ^^'^Mcotiy^^^'-'^
f itable manner, the Hand IJook will be lound a ustful F-

^^'i^S, F^FT^^ENTS. TWO copies^- ^r^^^
sent. 1851. ^''""- __Boa|sbu^^

FINE STKAWlJKIill^ '^^^A^^^.tr ess^*

strawberry Plants of several ^^'^l^'^'^ '^.'.'./'V^? ""r hui.Jrrd.
had bv the humlred or thousand at the low price of »l P«
by addressing with amount enclosed, ^ ^^^ OHTONNOF,

Safe Harbor, ^•ii*^*"*'^ 'ffcil ^
All orders:wi!l receive prompt atteHtioo. _j^ ^

' GUANO." ^^^

Peruvian and Patagonia Guano for .ale '^"^'^^I^p^J'^/IKn.
'^ No. 121,SonlhW«ter.t.,a few door, above Dock st , FM

VOL 2.

LAXCASTER, 1>A. JULY, \<^i

XO. L

TllJ^ FAllM JOURNAL.

S. S. 1IAL1)KMA\ ) „

A. .M. srA\(i[j.:i>' f ^^'^'i^'i-^.

>kili jin.l knnNNl..,);:.. ,,.u, l,o trar.,! to tl.o ro,.,,n!Mw
i\\\s siiliircr. itrol <lo po air.iin. he --

il;..m(.,.> ol .Srirncrand I'raclirp in A;:ririiltun..

to })♦!

' eonrpivo It

<'ii'' of vii>r iniiM.rtanc to all. If tl,,. vi,.^v^

^"'•^^'•"•^P^^^J"--' '^-nts in tho hist<.rv of a^^rioul- "' '''"' f"' "" '•^'''' ''' ' ^ ftrnni,.. aro

ture in the Unued 6t;it,>.., wo l.av. u ..trikin-^^^xoni- ' '

plificationofthova.st inHurm-o whioh tlitM'.x:m,|,!oof
a fe V enterpri.sin^r, p„Mi,. ,pi,i,,„{ ,p.,||^ iM„als in a

^Uita or county may e.xort. I,, a^^rirulturo, as in
"VoryothorluMuan pursuit, tl.Mniijoritv alwav. dr-
Kndup,n Ho. ,;„v f,r th. corrv.; prin,.ipi.,; „pon

••-M'kinutumofLhcinannorIn uhirhits ^a,>.u. i.ro-

'-^«osaretobealto,...dtosu,tthopo.uliard,non.n.v
'•^M. cliniato, Ac. Jti>to,h..so n..nthata^n..ul-

"reowesit^ present In.provo,! .onditi, n, and it i.
|;^^hcm.orto..pints liko thoir., that wo aro to hop-
•^^^t'U ;;r..aior pn.^n-s.s in future. Thov load tho

') '-v inaki,,;: tl,o ..arlie..t r.xpor-ni.nts. runnin-^ tl.o '
^'^kofsueooss, and whon .ucvessful, liy ostaldishln./

to [av\ail-if uouro f,, .ay to ,i„r,i,.ulnirv. ■'lo-rotliv
lurther progress Bli.ill 1... >ra,d •- it now irMprovo"-
mcnt8aret(>becscheu..i. and ,„,„ ulo.aro ^..llin-
to devote th.dr Hoientific uttainm»«nt« and skill to the

pr,.n!..tion of th- \\vuvv\ mt-r. m driNon ir.n. tl.o
ti;'l'i. T i^ N-ry app.ar-nt that .s.n tho pn.,.nt condi-
tion of a^M-i. uirm-o .■ann,,t !.-• n.ainfaino.l.

Hut NNhy .h,,uld >-.,.n,o and praciic beoomo an-
ta-on.<t.s.^ Arc not tii.ar ol.,..,.t. id-nfioai. and an-
tli"y not vitally essentially to .a.), oth. r .' If .oi.nco
IS needod to point on: rh.. \vay. prarfi,,- j. ;„.. a.s o.-
^•■ntial to oa.ry into . ff.vt lor iM.p.fi.ial f^-a.-hin-M
li.it .Mn-ular a,^ to tho int..|l,^..nt and rotlortin^^ mind
this dispo.sltion to soNor purMiit.s (.r hranrho.s'uf th,

sanio pur.Hiitj whioh shn„!.l f.. unitod n.iv •.,., ..r
»},..• . ' -.. .-I.V. v-.-,>,n,, ny ostat>ji>iiin'- ,• ,. 'i'lM.u nia^ apprar.

'''''' '"M'ro^.nl.nt.. for tho benefit of thoir follow ' '\^^^;''^^^''^"^^' ^-•^■-"' '"^^n !„. a..i.::nod f-r it. Thu.so
''" ^'"^ '' ■ ^^■'"''^'^^■"'"-'•f ^•i^^"^b"l'I--dthoad;ancomont of

sr.ontifn- a-rioulturo. an th.y ^vho La^t undorstand
tho tnnw,,o„, ,/;.,/,,,.,,(•;( t.. tli- f irniin;: int-ro^t .^. n
erally. "'

Keduce scientific theories arol prin.iplo-<i t.) tho
Stan. lard of noro dnlhir.^ and c.*nt.<— donion^trat.^ to
a<'ortainty thoir tnithfulno.. and Miro pr ,fif. wh-n
practically appliod—convinee thosk. pti, a! hii.fand-

, — - ui ttK.r ofr.rts to in.provo the condition I T" '•'?i''"-' 7""^"" ''' ^^" ^"■'"" ' '"'^^'■^'^ ^^*-
■^ ^Snculture, (a r.^nir ar,.in. nore pcrhan- f 7 ' ^''^' '' """^' ''^ "^'^'^^"^ «cience-teach h:n. that

.^^^^"t of practical husincs 1 ri i ^ ^^ ^^^" con.struoti.n of the mould board and almost eve

: j^-hoorie.,.ien:;.:;;;:;: :: :;:^

"""•c blame, ^rl,;^ _ ■ . } . . "^-"^ | I'lj;'"''*! in:iil,..|,i;.(i.M! rrmn|.Ic8— wtl^tV I,,,,, , f ,]„.

„ ,. ' "" "" '"-'iic:it oi tli.'ir frllnw

m,., -•.;'" ""'■'•'■'l"""".v their, •nstlv cxp-riniems an-
TO!, .„„„rs an.l ri.lioU., particuhulv «1„.„ ,|„.v

r.K ""'• "'" "'"■" -^^ - -'--i^ 'i"i.- -i--

H?;, „;.;"? •"' '"-"■'■ ""' "'"'"-• -' "van t!u.m.

Wopt he oxp,.,.,,,.,.,,,... ,1,,. V.1, !„l,i,.|, ,l,..:r

;7 '"""■' ''"vo t,-st,.,l.

">• failfd m il.oir ..fr.rts t,

men

in

kster-lii.-, ''"'^'^■•" ^""'<^ ««"■« '" P'aco these
hbocon,,." V" * '"■"f''"" Pt«ition, and teach those

' »ot UD—. ""^'"' *'"" notwithstandiDg the

'■ f 7'-l-i.l.' vano.l :, -,.,le stop boyond its primitive cundition"

and hnally, prove that hiH pock, i i. never so safely
protected as when guarded bjahead well stored with
a knowledge of the broad basis upon which his pro-
fession rests, and his opposiUon will vanish like a

I*'-'.

;,.s...,;^A

98

KDITOIIIAL.

'J

VM

■emWAWta»r««AV4tt )« ii**M*.=A^*>9«-*- r^ %«i^-i**«fti.«|ft*'-»- *i ^•SI'^WTT^W^"' '■*•«?**■ 'I' ,' il'W^H

i<?';2.i

i:i>rT(iKi AL.

bubble on the ocean's breast. How Huh Ihrculcjin , firmly c( nvinccd of its truthluhH-ss. In onior how-
task is to be accomplished, we shall roHcrve for an- j over, that we may not appear in the li^ht of an emn-
othcr article, merely remarkiniz; in cuik lusion, that i ty boaster, \v(; earnestly <all uj^.n tho«c who havr
to the a<5ricultiiral press inainl\, must \V(3 look for | the evidenee in their possi ,^Mi.»!i fr.r a confirmation

of what we th(ni asserted. Wr know that in l-anciistr-r
county, luit especially in tli" city of liancastor an<l
its immediate Tieinity, there air a jireat many verv
fine seedlin;!; fruits of different kind^. Mmt of th(>sf.
se(MHin<;s, altiiou;:;}i of superior merit, ar^ i'. » known
beyond the limits of the immediate iiei^ddjorhood in
which they originated. A (tew, amnnn; whirh is th'^
Oon. Hand plum,) have Ijeen heard of al^mad ; j,).
the number is small. Than the llitsrn S</ini,u n- ;,
there is none earlier or finer. Tiie ('nj,pn- phim m n
8U|>crb fruit. Seedlinji; peaehes of monster i^'v/.x', :u, i
delicious flavor, abound in everv direetion. We hnv
on our premises sevcjral tjeedlin;; ]>rarlie>, \\I,m'i
we have no hesitaney in assertin;^ to he vasriv >\\y>
rior in all that constitutes ;z;ood fruit, to leinlriMis ni
others to wlTudi hi<rh soundin<!; titles have Ic'ii ;:iv('n

the consummation of this <rreat ohj<'et.

American Poiuelo^Ical Conj^ress.
In our last, we |;)ul>lished th(^ eireular (d Hr. AV.
D. lirinekU', (d" Philadelphia, announein<^ that th<;
third session of the ('(tn^ress of Fruit (Jrowers would
be held in Thiladelphia, on the l.'Uh of September
next. Tiiere can 1)0 little reason to doubt that this
will be not oidy the laro;est, but the most interestin*;
session the (\»n;!;ress has yet had. A more suitable
place than Phihidelidiia could not have been s(deeted,
aUhou_L;h it is to l)e re«^retted that an earlier day had
not been fixed u}»on for the meetin<;. \\j the l.kh
uf September, the season for many of our finest
peaches will be past, and as tin; pmieh flourishes in
all its irlorv in the country surroundin<^ IMiiladelphia

for man\ miles, a fair exhibition of all the fine vane- ^^j^^ ^^^^^^^ whicli th(» ori-inators realize imnejise pn
tiev of which the district can boast, would Ite very | ^-^^ ;,, j|,,, „,,]^. ,4- 1^^,,,^ ChorrieM to(. of fl.<> moHt
desirable. Howev<'r, as this is not possible, we must
do the best we can.

We most earnestly commend this m.eetin;!; to th(^
attention of fruit growers generally, whetlier liorti-
culturists by profession, or mert^ amat. urs. The
display of fruits will be remarkably line. The vari(Ml
products of every section of our wid(dy extended
country, with all its diversity of soil and climate will
be exhil)ite<l, and the results of partiiailar methods
of culture shown. As smdi, the exhibition will ])rove
a flchocd of instruction to all who may attend. The
convention will be composf^l <d" the most succ(>sst'ul
and distinguished fruit o;row(a-s in the I'nited States

veterans in horticulture, whose opinions upon th(^

merits of the various fruits submitted to their jud<;-
ment, the method of culture, &c., will be ripe with
interest and instruetiijn.

But while we call upon fruit "growers ii;enerally, to
oncouraj^e this laudable enterprise, we especially call
upon our rennsylvania horticulturists to show their
hands in the conv<"ntion. W<^ have stron<; faith in
the ability of the *' Keystone State" to compete^ suc-
cessfully with any oi' her sisters, and we trust for
the sake of h<^r own reputation she will do it. It
will afford us pleasurt^ to furnish every information
of which we ani possessed, to those who may desire
it, or forw ard, at the proper time, any spiH^imens of
fruit that may be sent to us.

Sccdlln-; l<'ruits~A Uoc;ucst.
When, last fall, we asserted that tlui southern por-
tion of Pennsylvania, was not (»nly one of the best
fruit growing sections in the United States, but the
very best for peaches, pears, (du^rries, ajiples an 1
plums, our assertion was regarded as rather a hold

superb varieti(!S, (and many of them se«M]ling«j. !»r"
to be found in abundance.

A few days sinee wi^ had the pleader'- "t ta-stn;:
some seedling strawberries, rais(Ml hy a ;;eml!iiiuin.'i
the vicinity <d' Laneast(^r, whlrli. m point of sire and
flavor, were remarkably line. We consider them d»^
cidedly superior to liovey's See.iling, being more
|)rulifie, although perhaj)s not (juite -o largo.

Now the historv of the^ fruits dcS'TVOS to !"• vnti:
ten, and it is our intention to prepare a -Iit' a<H'ount
of eacdi specimen that may coni" \inil r ..i:r notice,
and in furtherance of (.ur intention, we respectful}

ask tliat those wdio have fine s llin- fi »i t "1 ■'^' )

kind, will favor us with a sample, an-l ib" bist^rN •
it. By this means we shall be enaMnl to arrive ;i:
correct conclusions both in regard to the .piality :u .
origin of the fruits. A committee lias he.-n ap|> -ir.'-
ed by the Lancaster County Agriiultural S.cietv.f '
the purpose of investigating this suhject. 1 ih'v > ' y
their meetings monthly, and the frien^ls ^^^ leTtion:^
ture are respectfully and earn.-tly re-i-e-ted to anl
thrm in their labors, by sending in conli.l utlon.s n
fine fruits, I'tc.

plums, our assertion was regarueii as rainer a uoio so. ..uio,..,.^, ii,»vc that the boo"

one. It \Y0uld not have been made had we not been the now xanctics, ind. cr us 10 on

Shan$;liEe and Cochin China Fowls vs. Dung im^-
Mucdi has been said and wrillen for and agin-
the different varieties of improved fowN n^wea'
ing so large a shan> of public attention. The eitr.
va'^ant prices aske<l, and freqnenfl.s y.vA f r >^ur'
or'ipeeimens of the various hr.>eds. have led nian>
persons to regard the atten.pt t > introdoce th< m ^^
our farmers generally.as a n.att.rof speeo.atn.n, -
that it will have a termination ^''-''=''- ^";''' /" ;.
,..//,ca./.. mania of bvp-e days. ^^^-^"7*^;:;,
HO. Thelittleexperience we have hal m ! ru .

'»[)

„ the common au„g l,!!! fo„N „« di.pon.s.a e.„numy .„. tl„. part ,„• ou, I .,„...« ^..-orallv ,o i.,
«rf I ftnd their n aces suTi^hd hv somo .,r ,1,. 1...,. ^- , . ' ;^ '" r.uiv, lo m-

with, and their places suj.pli. 1 by some of ibr ]^r^-
rr breeds, tliesoon-T will our farmers begin to realize
profit from their chickens. Ah bough five or ten dol-
lars may at first aj.pear an e\tra\ arrant price for a
pair (»f chickens, it is ro.ijly not -", \\\,^u the ad-
vantages that will follow th.ir pui. !i:i>o are taken
into consideration. \o person ^ho has ever seen
fair specimens of Shangliao ^r foehin Thina f.uls

troduco them ev.'n af a eo.Mt of ten .lolhirs V..r tlio
first pair i;,;r ^^!,,!. roi^niending their introduc-
tion, \v'- ^\..uld al the .sum- time caution purehasors
again.^L die imposition^ pr arti, , ,1 ,,,, ti,.. unwary, hy
unprincipled dealers. (>i, several ncea.siuns during
the past few months we have «een fowls puicha.sed
in IMiiheMphia at },i^h ,,,i,.,>,^ ,,„i ,,.,.rosented a.
Shangha-s or t'oehin Chinas, which were j, ,1. r j,.

.,, n i. 1- . 1 • I '^ — -v...,. , iMua,>, \\iMc;i were I ri

,.,, , ., . • ; . -. ,, ' ^ ''•';" "'^■''^••'^ "b""'l"' t'H- breeds they were desiirned

i > Oil.

•lung hi!! f.wl in point of >iy.e. lJ..ro thrri
important iH.int in their fa\or. [.ari:*- fowl-, i| \ .iin '

t ' It'-

l"""^"'-^- " }"" ^^'^1' u-.i ^f...'K. I.r.v ln.,M doal..r.
i"d bre..d-rs ,.,dy. uho.ceb.,ra;.T^aro known to be

will certainlv. alvvavs command a beit.-r nriee in .r 1 \v 1

i,,i ' ,1 ' „ . I' r pn.. m ^.,,„p >V e haNc n-o,,mm. nd-d ^..\ .rai d-ahr. wl„ m.

^.r than smaller ones. P,ut thev T.ossrs^ other w ) l" -n .• • ,

, , u- II 1 e ■, . ' f"•^ ue bohrve will act l.iirU . and Ir.anuh-muo hixe

i'.irir;it:^es. \N ojl eared h-r >han-h;e'«< attnn •. ' i 1 , - '

,. , , '^"^"'^ ■' 'iffam .1 pureba-.-d >t.Mk h.r .Mir own vard
ir-' r si/.e at li\.' months than the c.-nunon fowls I '-

a

it (u.'lvp. ^\ ... hav.' now in our flo.'k a pair .'t ( 'oehln
<'iiinas, three months <d.i, whi.h weigh s ', p. .mh 1~.
tlu' e.K'k ') and ill.' pull. -t :;^, pound-. Jbif it is eon-
ten.I.'.l hy those wlio stand oppov,.,! to •• bi" r'ii k
'■ns,"' that tie- gr.al.'r amount of fu,,d thoj ,_-.,nvume
than the smalh^r ones, more than overbafartees the
advantages uf their incrt>ased mz... 'j'his t,,.., how-
ever, wc conceive to ]»e a TijUf.^j^,. -yv.. ha\o a ( .u
common fowls, wbieh ar.' k.'pt ]iritioi|.a!Iy for hateb-
in--thoir small si/e giving them for that purpose, a
decided a.lvantage over the h(nivi.'rShangh;e. Care-

<.apfs ill C IiiiKnis.

For ^^ev.>ral voars ,,ur early .biek.ais n.arlv alM"..-
with fb.- L-ap--. a di>.oas,. that i^ \,.,v lata! " in r!rs
n.i-bborliwod. \V,II you .,r >o,no ..f x .nir ..T^.■-p..n-
d• ni. -iNo u- tia-oiij, v,.ur pap. r. a 'prev.-ntive ai-d
>uro tor the ab,,\,. di>eaM'. it w..ul.l he w..rth ni^re
than several years subscription to the Jouii.ai.

d. 1;.

(S.'veral T' iiir.|i.-s ha\o h..,.n -i\rn f. r th.- l::ii e«j.
>alt gi\cn m tfi. ir wafor ba- b> .ai r- r, ,nii:e ri^ir,b-^
Spirits of Turpentine mixed with ri. e has also been
used with Hueeess. The generality of breeders ar^ree

lul observation has fully satisfied us that they con- ''^'^^ .^!''' ^'^^**''' ^^^ produced the by faMeieohi, ,1

sumeas mu.-h f.-d a^ tiw larger on. ^. Tie- common
f"wl is a 11111.1, mor.' rav.-nous bM-d.T than t!i." Shan-

parasitic w.,riu ill t !:.• unpipip.. ^v M..^ nia\ !.• r.--
i""\'d by tie- iiitr^ diLti n into it.-f a -m ill ft .iiher,

Ha'. If favorite Uiod !^ -iv.a. tb.an, n..tbin '^ ^b,,rt ,d ^^ "''^'"^ '^".^ ^^ ■ '"X^T^ ^^^ th.- lartb. r eieb ^liv.-tho
nTletionwillsatl.fNth.an. \..t >o wi'h t be vbanc- '-''—' ' ^' '

feather a f-w turns and tb.e fa^'d.-nbi wll! b, , ,'her
dislodged and cough, d up I-n the einck, or brought
up on t!f oii.i of tb,.' feather. We have tri-l iliis
!''"'• biit ri. \. r fouml anx w..nu-. (hir p'ari 1-, (and
w- iia\- n.\. r _\M b id aebirk'iMii • \M:h (',0 J ,p,.., .,,

t'« or Cochin China. Th.y ba-l .a>tb.y move-slow"-
I.v. and app.ar to turn ..y.-ry grain of corn or wheat
■" :id vantage.

Much has b.'.'u sai.i in r.'gar.l to tlie M,p,.ri.,r ,
•'.'~-p''din.in.,j„:,lities of th.' Sbamdi.e an.l Co.b.n " '""'^"■' '"'^ '''"''^■' '' ""'" "-'^^'''^ '""-1 --^t ^"ii

^'''"••^^- To a limited extent we Imve tot. d ibi. ''"'"' '^'"T * f^' > 'J'-inking wat-T in >hall..u ,V,.. >,..
in: :.U,, ..,..1.. /-. .. ^ ,-.N'. aiei giv -• th-'iii. i,n.'<' a <biv. a lltf!-- ;_'r"unl('i

yeiin,- p.-pp.T !•):'<;. -d with corn neab In th.' n.oi nii: -
they ar- {..Tni'tf. d to run at lar^o- a^ ear!j> a- fie ir
iiii'bn.atinn pr-Miqa^ thern. j

I wi-li to hear from - m. . f N,,i,r patrons. the be.^t
pbiM t-r winter-feeding cattle b,r b-ef. Th^'re are
ditterent opini«.ns on the subject. Some say ke«'p

tbeiii in tbo stable all (le tini''. < >f hers sav turn .ait
ab-ut I IpMirv; in 'J | ; n(h'T^ aLMiii J ust fc'd* and turn
""C I w uM jiivt -a_\. in fbi- j. .rf -f rfn- c..untv
Wo ha\e a ^nt^.'i. ri._\ ..t' shflt.T h.r ^t.M■k irt winn'r
to protect them in.m storms. J. ];.

Mi<. KniTOR : ^Tv re i^dd . r ("> 1 arn is very mm li
infested w ith the weevil ; and having sustained ji
considerable l(>ss, as ho htdieves, I.ist year, ho fears

their workiu:,' \\\ his wlieat after the eomiiw b.ar\est
I> there ;in\ ne i-o^ , 1 .j.stroying them? If you or

n

'' '^ -e. an.l so far as our e.\p(>rience l'o. s. unhes-
"•^^*'"~'v Niel.l t.)them the palm.

"'"•' •n,nonf.,wls are as g,,,..! sp.e.-Im.ns a< anv
''- i'ave ever s.vn. We paid a hi-jh pri.- f.r tb.iu
^^ J'»'; >^pecial purp.s,. ,.( t.^ting th.ir ..::,^ producing
^i"'^'^^^^^^^^ uaib .ur hiertovxl.s, andfbr

^l^fp'ng as b.^fore stated. The result ha^ b.-en. tha^
"'^''thesani. food-samo lodging, an.l sane. alt. n
.'"'"*'^^'0' particular, the Shangha-s l.aNeb.ato

^^^^'"'^''^ !-5nt in fav.T ,d th.- Sh.ingba^ i.., that
^\ll^T^''' ""'»'C sociable, n. It n.>arly ,v., mini. 111-
fai-T ^"^^'"''^^^^'^^^^"^ ■^">i even if "thus inclined,
Bhort'''^''^''''"'^"* '^'""-' damage; as the nanarkabjo
Udi "^^'^ "^ ^''*^''' ^^■■"bi.^^ and the great .m/, ..f xU.-.r

^'p prevent. tb,anfr,.nUiying(.v.Tlences, into the I . , , •

^;^^" n or fh-his. ., ,„,,,„.,. thegrainin(heseaek8^"^/^^^'"^''T.^^"' ?r ^''' "' ^'-^riy infor

''"^«>^«. 1 r th..,. and o(feMren«nn« «•« r..i :. motion on this suhjecSwe will remember the Journal

(.|j J ^"^' Oi or r.asons, we feel in-

Over a ^^^'^^^^ ^'"^ ""proved breeds the preference
e common ones, and wc believe it would be

to our ncijrhbors.

SMrleysburg, Uuntintjdon co.^ Pa,

Yours tic,

A. OWEM.

100

COiMMlINl(V\'i'I()NS.

rTi-Tv

(Coinnuiuicatiana.

liUnar Tiiflurnrc,

Mr. Editor. — Medicus in vniir journal for May,
after rcmarkinj^ with frrvat aj.part nt scjlf coniplacni-
cy» on my r(3ply to David Ta;;^art — not Kianklin, as
he erroneously supposes — triumpliantly asks me for
one proof by experiment. 1 do not cxsictly midi'r-
stand what he means ])y ''proof," whetlier lie expeets
me to come to Philadol].]iia. and provo my tho^ry ])(>-
fore his eyes, or whetli^M- lio niorciy wishes mo to tdl
him the result ol" sonic ol" my i-opcatfMl cxpcriiMonts.
Jud;;iiiii; IVoni the tone (d iiis May articdo, ho will hard-

n->t, that Nature has ct-rtaiit periods, mundod hv a
cironit of ahoiit twenty nmo days, and re^^ulurly
rooui-rin;!, in niininn^ .,r Mihjects. Now Nature ha.^
no indox to ('(Mini ).y wocks — no \i-ll,l.. .livifjcnd of
tho time into tlic^'- p'i-i<»<K, rx,.,. j.tin- t|,i^ --ainc moon
If Mt'dlcus says tliesc p.TMMl-., if (1--|,, nl mt (»n tho
moon, wt.iuld rtriir at ilx' -;«.nic linn', in ^11 Huljjects
— I reply: if lito in all sul.JectH commenced at tho
samo timo, or if thrso |MriMd< in all '^uhjects com-
inoiiccl at till' sani" ji!ia-f, no d'ulit tin* rccurrcncp
if natin-o w.tc iiiili-! iirh mI, \v<>!i!d he simultaneous.

A\ ill M<(licu> (Mndf's.-cud to rt-ail tlif tnljowinif ex-
tract from an artit-lo hy VvA'. J. M. ('(Miilriis, T)xi\y.

\y consider my assertion ])roof. So I will pro])ound ( Ijshod in Au;iu^t ls')l, \\\ tlie Anp-rican .Journal of
certain exporiuu'nts, whieh he may nnikc hims(df, and j Medical R(dorm, issued at \i\v \nvk.
let tlie result, he the I'lioor, whieh he deuuinds. Tirst ! " It is now," says the I'rof. "an estal.lidwd fiiot,
thoU'di, 1 would a>k the uiedical ;:;i'ntleman, how he i that o]tih^psy, somt> forms of insanity an«l a-llnini. re-
separates the iiilhicjircAvinn the //y/// of the moon? — ; ciir at intervals re;j:ulatetl l)y the mnun: ^n i f viiriou:*
Is not To'lit the vehlrle uf al! solar inthu'uce, or per- j nervous complaints. In one ui th- annual ri port.-^ of
haps the suhtle a-^ent that hohls these inlluenccs in , our State Lunatii- Asylum, there is a tahlo of fifty
solution? i)oes not the li;j;ht nf the sun };-ive a si-nsa- cases of periodical excitements, and their relatione to
tion of heat, eitiier hv a direct affusion of cahu-ic, or , the moon. Thi^ is not dt>uhted, and nnIi'Ii we reflect
hy enkindling the ;j;aseous ]>articli's ot the atnu'sphere, that the atmo^pli, re is more or le.-s nnd'-r tho direct
or elahoratln;:; the cheniical exhalations of tic deep agency •»(" the modn, it will not he WMntlered at, that
earih? (Can Me(ii(ais decidi;?) | atmospheric changes have so m\ich inthience on tho

Who then ever dreamed (.fseparatin;^ the more suh- .^"n.]^, ft is now ^^enerally admitted, that d'urnal and
tie influences of Luna from her borrowed li;i;ht? In seasonahle aim-pheric variations in the haronieter,
the face of all the "demonstrations whi( h have been ihcrmomcter, clccUomclcr, and hy^^romuter, are dis-
madc by the medical faiuilty," 1 must still a\ei- that tine;uishod hv phvsinlorrieal and patholoorical changes
the moon does e-^ert :in uhvious intluence, on some aiid mo.-t ni' unr scientific men helirve that tlm moon's
diseases, corporeal and mental. 1 haN <• kn(»wn instan- pjij^s^^.s and positii-ns are coineld.nt wlt!i a'ln '>phoric

changes. We can reasenahlv iiif'T then liiut tho
moon has an iidhence on vital aetious.

What becomes m-w (d"the "(dear investi<;ation an.l

ces tO) nnirked to admit .d' .piestinn. One, a man

not insane, but in\arlaMy afflicted durinu; the last

quarter of the moon, with uni'a>onabh' melancholy

and apprehonsicms of evil: e\en to sueh extent, that .j,.t,,;^i ,.xperlment." <d' whi( h Medicu> hoasts so cell

he deemed his host iViend>, l.loo.l thirsty seekers 'd' ji,!,,,^!^. / ] f,. ^.^rrts that all idea of "snl hmar mflu

his 1 fo. ITis poor tormented wife, was in the habit
of savnnj; to sueh jtersons as int^uire*! comM-rniui^ him,
"Oh he has 'j^ot (tne (d' his monthly turns." 1 lan ])ro-
cuie lor Medicos affidavit of this case — but the pi)or
man went lom; sin*'e to that shore,

" WliLTc moDiia shill \v;ix, uiiil wane uu luore."

I knew a youner ladv of deranLr«'d intellet^t. who al-
ways laboured under deep de-^pundeney during' "the
last quarter" and who once cut ler throat (not fatally
^Ir. Meduuis,) once climbed into a wadl, and once
swallowed a lare;e (piantity of needles and pins, lu

«Mic(! in the production (d" insanity ha- l"i\:: -moe van-
ished b(dbre the li-dit of modern science, and medical
investi<^ation." W hat a wi<le mi-take: In this &^
in nniny other instances, "modern science hoars
about the sanu' ndation to Truth, that athei-m docs
God, ami the pn.ud siu'ers .d'tln^ one a-ain-t ti.ooh-
Jert ^d' its enmity, c(pially with the -uiM-rcihou.- iv..-
rnle .d'lhe ntlHT, will jM-ri-h in contempt, whde the
great Ihincifdes, whi(d» they have iuii»otoully assail-
ed, r( main ^ilorious ami unimpaired forever.

"th his

,„, ^ , .. - _- -. - . , It woul.l appear that Mcilicus inconnn-n wi

side several other similar feats, which bhe perfornuMl kimlred blasphenuus of the motm, ilo not kiio\N

regularly in the "dark *d' the moon." Now do not the di\ine .loeiriue of Astridogy, includni^ the noi ^

elucidate the subject by aflfiirmin- that sh(^ chose that ami /odiacic intluence of the moon, in conjunction

time, for tho y)ene{it of the o6.s'cw(/<7//, for she cut her with the planets, is a veritaldc science, and no
throat, jumped into the u,dl, &e.. in broad day light. , pliantom of darkness, and .dT^pring of superstitiou^^

I can substantiate this case also. Again 1 can name ignorance, 'fhat the signs ..f the /odiae, nm

8i)mo persons of deranged minds, and monomaniacs,
who were worse at certain seasons > 1" tic moon — some
at the change, and some at the full. 1 repeat, that
many chronic diseases also wax and wane with the
moon. Every "old woman" knows, if Medicus does

with the c.,n)unction ^>( the moon and yrAU-l-*, won
notard.ltranlve<tahll>hed. a,el tcU ore tie n require^
to accommodate herself to their influences-lut 1 1 a
the ancient astrologers who devoted their lives tot ^
subject, bequeathing their uncompleted concluslon^

lS/52.]

CO.MMr.\i(y\Ti,\x.^

^^^

to thrir disciples, thr-ngh mm v generations: nnd know nntlnn,, r ,u /i "• , "^

who arrived at an exe.dh , f V..!,., ,,, ,, ,. „ '"^ ^ <>f the a«troh>^.n.al pnucph-s l,y whnd.

trulvmarveil..:c„nun..n i U. I... S^^^^^^^^

' • ^ ' " " "''■ ^'' ''^'^ """J <''»"n'>t controvert. Th.n I .shall e.xp.ct

to hear fror

" '''^" ''-^'"- '-^'^'A JvNK riLKSUN.

s.,r\iitions of the phenomena of the aim '^ph- r-, with

all marked nmtati.n-^ in tlir animal and \e-r,.t;ihle

kinplom; a.s al>o tin- vs-prkin-^ .,{' tin- hiMnm mind

Tho.otheyreferred to rh,.v,,ri.a,.Ma>o.,.f theniMm! \f v **'"^^«";; '" Cluvcr.

U.i- place m the heavon. and h..re:ninnen„n . ^ ,. .^ '"""^ '^ f '''' "-"»- "^ ^^

■ • 'Ioumm!. ^.,M a4: fanners m write for if. if !.ui a

he "F,

rni

tho planets: th-ir nnnn^takeahj. int!uen,e Ldte^ also : i r '" ' ' " ""'""" '"' ''''^*' ^*^'' ''• ''' '

taken into the .-alculation. r„„r„.., ,,., ,.^,,^,. , | |;^Y'"'''^' /'"'^ '^ ' ''^^^" ""ver yet had an atta, I

11 • , " p.e-- 'mk mania. ' I t h-u-!i! I u , ,, ' I . ' i

nemona cen. .rally oe,airring under certain a-«pects , " ' ' Mip.y \vith vo^r

those mi^htv Astrologers fixed the ..,/,,. .xpres.^nr^ ^ r'"'""^',' , ''" '"•^^cn . addro... ,l,.n,.,,,.i ,„,.

::.mhvhierodvnhicalchara<-ter. .l" ....,; ,...:_:." .": ''"' ''^^•"•=^^^-'- < "'nty A^n,uiM;r.i S,..i..fv.-

k of

o'ir

:;..m !,y hieroglypfii.'al .d.aracters, dcnotin.r their in- .r,\ ] , • ' >' •

fluonco. and the portion of the hunnn. f nunc particu- ' ';':;^';':*' ;''' f'-''^ ^" "-' ^^ • 1- ^h-re . „nc

!.rlya,f...ted, at certain seasons. Super^titiol. .,,;,,. '; T'-^^^^^^^^^ ^ne

.a!^va^^thechiMof igm.rance, has <d.cnred thi. '■".^'''V"'' "''"''' ' "•'"-"i-' —■■■.. :u, 1 halde
.acne,, unh the thick mists of i,,,]., „.,, ,p,.„„.„,, ^" ".M.ad y,.nn, larin^r. ,,{ the int..;, .-, v ho Inue

-• nation.; the.c however no more annih.late the ^ ''"' '":"'" "^ h"^-'-^-"::. '- r th,- lacilities of

truth of a>tndogv, than, douds which veil the .-arth T "^^ '"-'M"'e.d nctnures. I h.,^. r.!,,,ne..,,
^•xtin^ui.h the Min,hy preventing him from shinim^ "-M'^^-t of th- add.-,., u h-a-o h- d, pr-ato. -^ the
urK.nu... ■ """-!''"-'".- '" 'd (TO n (d-,,p>a> a >iie,...dancum for

••Modern sconce" is like tf.e h,,y ^vh,. „,,|. „.,,,„ ' "'^.'' "''::". '"' '^'^^''^^^^^^^ that ..uallv. if persevered

• -^- wldle }ii. lather constrm-ted a waL^ ai \\ h-eh and
i.'icn boa^t.d hinis.df the superior workman.

1 really h,._^ pardon of the truly genthananlv IMit-

r of the Journal fbr tho nnmop.dy of valmihle space,

"t I must yet give Medien. hi.> experinicnts First

^vo test the infhieneo nf the moon in her node.. If

'".ituill i,npe..aash ilirvuil. dhi. 1 e" w.-der a grave
'■'•'■"••• aiel 1 had hop.,]. th.,t ^anr ai>h.r farmer
would ]ia\f m y.ur l.tM i^Hn-. disproved tliis wimle-
sale statement, ; hut a- uu one has done it, I will try
and prove that ^l^. (iowen is incorrect in this par't
of his address. I jiave not the vanitv to suppose,

M.'dicu.ual!laya hoard on vonn:: ^ro.in^^ ^i-a.V i !''^^' ^," '''^'^^ "' '■"^" '" ^" ' ^'-'-''^ a^ricutlur-

-hon the in ,„n i. in her ,A s..u,/.,^, n,,de he wiM find T' ^' ' "''"" ''" ''"" ""' ' ' '^ ' *^" '^''"^' '^

^'taking it up after a we.k or so. that it ha-Huoth- ^ '' T '" ' ' ' ' ^'^^'''^- '""' '"" ^^'I*''"'^ ^"^ much on

hypothesis, that ]..• ^^,.n\,\ ,,].,.,. },;., opinion .so ftr as

Clover is concenu' i. W h > ami,- tjic farm. r. ..:'

Lancaster Counry has not found that by plowin- in

^i^'»^'itup. after the same interval, that the .rra.. ' ''"^ ' ''• ^'"^ '"' ''''^ -riri -e'd his noil? And h.ts

yiscontltu.edto grow under it, apparentlv httin.. "" ""i"''"'"""" ^'^"^''^ ^'" "' ^i'^'^ -'I- ae^ icl.r,.,}

■;""Wrd with its growth. .Next f.r the phases h^ ^^'^t''-"' I'l'-t'y -n-wn .f.N er /.v numnre in.i., d :- -

''''^^11 8'doct a head of the large douhle French m'ari- ^^ ''^'^ "''""" "-'''""" '"''^^•^"'■" •""^''^ -' """■■'' ''"^'t f > o„r

-H ho shall have m, seed hut what .^row. in thi> ''■''''"' ''' thi. partly ^rn.wn .dov.-r .' le. matr-r ]e,v.-

":^^- "-l'=ill plant so„m near the full of them | " '^''"'"''^^-i "' '^ "'^^v »-■ If ir i^ e....,itial!y aeid.

r-dthegra^v und-r it. ami settl-d dose to tho .art!,.
VMmilar hoard >imilar!y placed, in the time,,r the
'W-n's a.tmw/o;^ w.Il m.t do .,c II.. w,II ,ind on

• J.:

'"'1 tho si-n is i
1

•on

why du iiMt i.ur d-mevti,- aniniaN at tf

1^^" i-^ in (iemini or Lihra; they will tiro-
^^^•; large d^,uldeil.,wers. He shall plata the .une ' ""'^ "^ """*' ^^^''^'^^•'- ^''•'
'"aaof«eedsn..ar the .hange .f the nu.,n. ,,..1 the
"••^ors will he single: and U the slgu he at Leo or

•-■T'o. they will not develope even one f.ill r.w .f
F't'tals.

Nl . r T'l

tr,.e «-,"■"■• '''^""- '"' *""^l''ao h.-rl.. ^i,u^ >„■
^ "■","■' '""■" ''^ "•'" til" I'll!. ^n,.l tiio s,]/n of
K".amlhe«,l| l,m,. :,h„,„la„. ,■ ,.( I.l.wsoms, an.l
''■'« success,,,,,. I„„ j;n.„ ,,„„„, .(■,.,ed„rtVui,.

th.. ir^"' "''"■" "'"""""i i-^.'U, iU,.i in tl,r X,,.,,,,
^^ver thri'v

Asii,

^^^"*^art,and,f,h..y,|..,.,, j,: ,, „„,,._ „..., ^^^jj

^'''' '"" 'i^vindle aNvay aiid peri-.)).

^nd wit ' ^' ^^"^ '^''''l 'ia\,> male theseexperiments,

Wonie ''^'''''^ ^^'''' '"''''''^'' ^^'*''"" '■'^'"' ''"^''*- ^''^ ^'^^

' ^'^^ though like hundreds of others he may cept the

I '^'T .' ih.- taet la,
clover 1^ not acid, atil . u-mi^trN teaiduvs u-. tliat
there is as nnndi fertilizing property in it, as in any
othervegetablesuhstance w uh one exception. Another

^;i''t i-. th.ii It i>> the idcapesf and easiest mode of
adding tertiliry to onr hand-, and -ue too th if 1 hope
\\:!I !/-■ jMT>ev. red in, until -.in. thing else hediscor-
ered that will he easier and cheaper.

IJoussingauIt in his analysis of clover gives it
Carbon. 47/,:}

ll\di.-on, 4Xt'J

^b\v-en, 37,%

N It r. ivr'-n

'j.or.

» . t

f)

100.00

This is I believe, as correct an analysis as is usual-
ly obtained, and what other vegetable substance ex-
:ept the pea straw contains as much Azote or Nitre-

102

aniMIINMCATIOXS.

f.^

\ I ^

1«551

r()MMrNi(\\T[(>vs.

<ronastl»is? Ammonia the most poworful of all S^iMdunMtrcM.mMt.onM a.ul Komurk. on l.tnKuU

Or a Cotiiji'i' '>'^/i ';/ AV//// ('u/fure Forty Vcarn nincf

icitli thr pit s, /i/ /hue.

\ <(>.N< i.ii.r.D.j

Toiicliini!; till' su1>jt'('t ft' /injlert or card ess nm a of

fanners not ;j;lvin^ thtir trees tlio proper eultivation,

I liavc se(!n so many articles, and licaiii verbal re-

marks on the subject, that it apyu^ars to iri'" ni^tiosgary
roir >vnu'n tiie cereais irei men- iu.mi. ■ . ,. i .1 <

iui., u- ,-, j^^ jj.^. j,^ MHdieate iny brother iarnnr- hum ho unjust

Tnstoa<l of impoverishin;^ the soil, a , _^^^ jjsnorsion.

fertilizers, is composed of Nitrojron IL 1">, Hydro-
gen 3. and it is prinoipsiUy these two olementary
substances (II. and N.) that pvos to the elover its
fertilizing properties. Its net work of roots add hn-
mua, to the soil, for its i)rinei].-al nourishment is
trom the sub-soil into whieii its tap roots have bi^en
traced to the depth of thirty-four inehes, tints ad<lin<i;
organic matter from whieh the cereals ii;et their food
Dr. Lee says, " Tnstea<l of imp

wound public poliey demands tliat \v(-- should increase
its natural iVuitrulness, to meet the inereasin;:; wants
ef an ever a\iii;mentin;:; population. To acdiievcj this
result in the most (M'onomical manner, recourse
must ]te had to the a^<'ney «)f ;^ro\vin^ vegetation.
Aninn-- tlie plants l>est adapted to the improvtunent
of land are the t:rasses, trifolias, le<!;umes, turnips,
and other root crops. In skillful han<ls, these can be
80 man;i<j:;ed as to produce a ^reat deal of (du'ap ma-
nur<^ to enrii li the snrface (d' the earth, whih' the
substance of the nniiuire itself will be mainly drawn
from the pub^^'jil ar**^ tli<» •»f»><(>jt>l)(>r<> 1 n;tv<» now

given the cluauical eomjjosition oi clover, wlTudi ^'ives
us really mor«» fertilizinu: ]>rinciplr, than the excre-
ment of cattle i'(^\ on the hay in a nr\ state. Cattle
excrement gave h\ the same Chemist, carbon 4'J.S.
hydrogen 5.2, oxygen o7.7, azote 2.o, salts \'2. Th.e
dry excerement of the liorse contained liydro;j:cn T).!.
azote 2.2. Tluw we s(m» that ('hemistry tea(dies us
that green clover really i'ontains more fertili/in;:; {)ro-
perties than the excrement of animals fed (»n it, and
it teaches us, too, that (do\er plowed in will really
** pay better" than to make into hay, fee(l to cattle.
and then cart backai^iin to tie- ti^'ld ; losiuLi: part
of its nitrogenous properties by the j»rocess. \^v
can get no maiuire tliat will '■[>ay as w(dl" and, is so
easy of application, nniuiring no extra labor; and
none that adds more permanency, or contains so
much fertilizing jtroperties in so cheap and easy
manner, as the clover plowed in. Facts and experi-
ence tea(di us the utility of plowing in green crops
to increasi' the fertility of luir lands, and I earnestly
liope that the practice will increase and go on increas-
ing, until every husbandman in the land, shall nnike
it his duty to plow in green crops in every rotation

.Kvenyou,Mr. Kdltor, drawing an ima^iiKir; >ki>t<*li

of the"Model Farmer," in the 7o?(/-/m/ for Nov ,Mii,irr

the head of "the farnuT who had nothing \>> l.Mrn

have been, unwittingly, I trust, h-d into the |<opu!;vr

error; ])robably by reading the viuws of otlors; ;iii.!

as a necessary consmpience, have given n-^ tarm. :«

some pretty hard " hits," about the " poidtry roost

iuf on the trees — manurt; drain em|.t\iiii: iiit- .

stream cd" water — hogs wallowing in a jauMle at tli*

kitchen door — his young orchard aliuust dc-iroyedbv

the borer," itc.

j /wi I... .v./,/>. " rubs," as quoted from your article,
are foreign to my present purpose, excpt tlio lx»rer.
Fortunately, however, I think you w.re misiaken in
your surmises in reirard to the borer. As t > this for-
midal'le inset, however its rava^n^^ nia\ have almost
annihilated trees in some parts oi the couiitrv to th*'
eastward, it is, as yet. I believe a stranger with \i^.
certainly not doing damage to any serious cxtmt in
Lancaster county. ''^

As resp«a'ts /////// rulfinificn. 1 bdieve it to l*^
worse than useh'ss. producing aviL'"r.>us grov^'th of
wood without a eorresjxmding quality or <|!iantity uf
fruit. The wt)od by its luxuriant •zvn\\[h heconu^
tender, less able to withstand the etlrrts of cliniat.',
and in the pear particularly, })redispoMn- tic trees U»

be attacked by blight.

Sj.rrijir niUNurrs.—X writer in the llnrtmiUun.^t
forOctobiir, comparing the Seckel p(vir as l^mu-liM
the miiladelphia market at the ]>rosent time w-
thoseoffcred there formerly, and those n..wpr-luoea at
Boston, says: " That in tlie vicinity of Fl.ilaaelplua
the soil has run out ;" or in other words, "owm;;!^
the Ion- cultivation of tho variety, the proper IckhI

1 D ;i

< UIO-

■aid t

< tiltj

vated. Tn re-ard '..ui,,tt ar. i.Tuu-d spreial nm

nures, they say—" hke (,ther theories which hav. Ini.l

tluMrdiv. an! sunk into ohlivi<.n. this to ,i,.-,;,h„

UHl all the specific food throughout that extent of j culture, or specific manures will to any exten. ^
country; for, you must remember, if a Seckel pear dy the evil. ' *

tree is planted on soil where nouo m..,,,! l„f,)r'> the I .r>> 1 ., , , * i i i- . ,

, . .' , . c ^ ■ '"^ ' tne '•'!'! h.ippv to have such hnj:h auLhoriiy to Confirm

fruit IS the same miperfect specim. a, a< on oth.r this , ;. i m ,, ..

V , V, , , ^"-r this opinion a. ;!„• .Mo.x.srs. Hovev. of T'.o.-for, 'he

trees. iNov\ I am e..nndont tl^at thr \i-\\ n-ir trppM ' »•«..„ •* i , «

... , ^ ^ i w p ai ircLS >ory Hite w lu-rt- Mhh fine tnnt

uTowmg in Lancaster' county can not have exhausted
;ill tlw specific elements in the soil .f ijiis county;
yet, here, the Sei k. I p.ar is no better than at Phila-

.Wphia, althoo.l, ,x,„y .rocs have 1 „ pUu,,.,] I ex,,.n^ u,Mlu.iri'r',i'J,':u.;"'7;;: ,„^ ,„„„^ ,,„...

«-,,lnn my k,..« l,.,ig,, .,„ ,,n,u,„l wl,,.,-,. ,.„„. p-.n „.,, ,.,;„, .. „„ ,,., ,^,„ ;„^ ,.,^^ |^ , ^,^ , ;. ^

, . .,11. . '•'< ^''"^•' ^^'-'f fs prolrnnuTath.-i- that thoir readers

-"-- to the elemonts necessary h.r the pn. .ho bcbcve them, should exp.nnent upon the. the
.luct.n el |.ne tnnt. bemg exhausted m the soil^or orie. to their hearts content, a. th.v hav. w.th ...
•i. i!.^. .y i^i In.h cult.vatn.n, .. candesnes. of farm- l,u, .salf, e,,,. .,, ,,,, .1,,,,,. ,,..;,,,,^.^^^ ^,,^^., ,
.rsu, not .hang thu.gs in a proper manner. | have dotroyd all their tr-es. wiea. th. v wdl ll

1 A il ^\^n the history of two ondiards, not a mile more likely to listen to iJie dictates ut r«a.. .n and
distant from faeh othor. I might ;,jive tfie historv of < "ninion senho."

ado^eii, h-if i:.r my purpose two are siitheient. Th.' Fn-m thi> iniperfe,>t sk-teh of a sh a-t lii-^t.e-y of
one was plante.j according to the scientitie m. de, th.. ''''uit eulturr in ban. a^f.-r . ..., it nn-lif ho mf. rr.d thai
other in tlie careless way; both were y, hinted on ^ ^^ "I'ld di-^e-ura j.' t!e' .ailtu ation nf eh-ie.. tVud.hy
ground that ha.l n.^vr pr.Mhiee.iu fruit tn^e since th.^ apparently niau'rufv inj th.- J.<ta.-|es to h.'.ae-unn'r
rfm..val of the pnni.^valtorest, an. 1 m naturally -o.MJ '-d. far fn.mit; I u.,dd rat !,.r urge renevN ..i ex
^nil. Theone was phintci a. -cording t-. the phiri r.- crti.un " p'r>.'v, ranee overcom.fh many ohstaclc.s."
'•"mmendediu "Cox on Fruit trees '•-holes wn-dug. The s.,':us..ns may .■han-,', h/inging r>neWMl prnduc-
four feet square, and two f.'ot deep; the sul-o,| r.- ' tiveness, or fho , ;hi^, ^ raay he discovered, an ! r. me-
niuved and a mixture of cnrface soil, pond mud, rotten ^i'^'^^ applied. 1 wouhi prtder being the means, how

ever humble, of disaluising the public mind (»f the
wrong inifiression, thereby relieving; the funer^ .d
with surface soil filled in among tlu^ n.ots, and plant- t''" "".i'l^f 'liar-..^ pr.f.T..! against rh.iu ■ /' /o,' rur-
Ma.s roconnnieh'.l in "the hooks." These tree- >'':/ /''r f^'' 'r ',.>,, n <! jnoprr unniurr, iiu^ i' \Ur .:nnii
l^rew very vigoivai^ly for eiglit or t-ai yars— parti-ai- j time to lautioii ilic inexperienced nLTiin^f ado{.ting
l:ir attention w i< paid to rem..ve rvery u-^h^s twi- ' ^Tiy of the "new n-.ti-uis." uuti! afs r a i air trial to
in tune U) give tho tr.M' its propor shape the -r..un<i a limit.-l rx*,nt . will warrant a lull-r !•• Mare-e.
'ff'll cultivated for a sm-ios (d' y.^ars an.l nianur.'.i Tru-liiiL', that Me' inereased facilities f.r pro,ur-
*^ith stahhMuarmre. p.uid mud, an-i a li-dit dressiri" '";; ^'"'''"^ "f t^"' ni-re esteemed varetie.s — and ih*"
"' lime. ThL< orchard has n..w stood thirtv one vear^^ : stimulus ot a con-tnntlv imr. a-in- demand, as also
^"1 I i-pro,lue..d firo middling ful crops of fruit. If; ^he " ib.pe itf '^ hott.T tiiu" c-anin- " will make fruit
tiotre.^vv.'n- removed, the field would produce b(l bu. <'>ihure an (dpjeet W(Tthv of r.-newed att.-ntion of
"''■"'"" ^" ^^^'^ '^^TC. farmers and other-.

"table manure, with a sj.nnkling (,f lime and ashes
filled in its place. The trees were placed o,, tfiis,

'■""tier orelianl was planted ab.ait twenty or
f\^"nty-tw., y ar- since, on t!ie careh>ss plan. Ib.h»s
'^nefuot SMuare. eighto. n inche. de..p--(he ro,,fs of
|ho troea forced d..wn, arel tramped hard, (much in
»'"' manner of setting fence po.sts) ten to twelve ineli

I remain, re'^pectfullv, .^i*..

.1. 15. < i \Kni.R

F^nni/ Hrfrcat, ./■//?. L^V/^ \<rl.

fWe differ in opinion with our . orr--p -nd'iit in
I"' 1 I'loji to th'.,' extent of iho rav:i!]fes ((f the borer in

,.c • .1 r 41 •' w r f I <'»»• ^l'<' l""'^'' 1'=^^ become .'xhaustcil,- an. 1 liiat t 1 ^ H ''Mow-r than tie v stood in the nursery- /,. in-rrcnt '-'i-'aM-r emmfv. Abanv vouu- or, !lard•^^ f^ want

" Science can do no nmre tor tlu^ agruailturalist, I ' , • i f i» t ,n is ewui: ■ (hf trin J /• ;; • /'"itui ^ , . , _

than to establish geiKU'al and correct primdples to
guide his practice and researcht>s. F»ut the agricul-

perior(piality of the fruit raised at Bost-n isewu
to superior cultivation, and the a]>plicati..n "t spin

1 » 1, 1^1 tl

turist should weigh carefully all the facts and the | ^^^ manures." \ow. 1 ^^''^'^^''^"5"'"!''' ^ " ^^^^

^ a few hundn-d tre. s in the veanify .-t 1 h.la.h ipn^

-sav ten or hh.en mih-s an.un.l th.> utN .^ have ox-

large experience of thousands, which other < ultivators
of the soil have recorded f )r his instru- tion and bene-
fit." These are the principh\>< which should govern
every farmer in our land, and it is only carid'ul

bausted all the elements in the s.ul thnai-h thatS'>|;
U^,,, ,^U-onutrs '! There are no d.uiht hundreds .-

a our land, and it is only careful tnuKU counn ^ . . ^^ - * . , j .^ Seokf'

observation, and a multitude of fact>, that shouhl | acres in that rogion ^^'^'^ "'^'''Vl'"^*^ ""'j"^^^^^^^

induce him to give the w(^ight and pow.>r «'l' l''M ''"^ =^'^'' ^^^^'' ' ^*' ''"" ^''''" ''"'^ ''^' \ ^J^,^^^^^^

name, in favor of or against any of the common prill- all 1 n exhaust, d .v t ic - w ct. 1 j^jies ami

ciples of rotation of crops. B. F. G. the roots of jx ar tr.cs must hav. rami^ c,

Perry County, Pa., June, 14 1852.

'^''^'U'r'";, /./,nri,i;/ /./>,>;> ,/,„rn. :i. tie- man told

"^^^^»'enIun,!,.rto.,k togi... him, as Ith.acd.t at

J^' time, some valuahh. hints in r.-.p.vt t-. plautin,

^^^^ from my mu di .tock of "book kuowledire."-

J^r years this la.storehar, I ha. !...,> ,u a far more

^^^^' than the other, hearin- ..ft-ae r. larccf

^^•^P^aielhn.,. and fairer fru.t
Tl ■ '
'"OS n.. f;„„.v .]<,.,, I, ,„„ t|„. a,l,n,l Hiots and

"•i'.'''"lercu„,|,.„.,. |,is„»

»t proper att.'ution in tiuc. have \m->-\i lT'^iIv in-
luri'.l hv them. (>uif. a i.um!"T "f voun;: tr-'CR
whiih earn.' utel.r our care this spring were ha.ilr
iamaj' 1 hv th. borer. Some of them wore eaten al-
most e )m| letely off. — Kd.J

II e nclusions.

^jj^^''j"J^^^^^''eg«>ing i.niarks you will understa
•'^ do not believe that neglect or carelesness,

tlie roois 01 |.e.u ..- nn)Dri»- ■ ik "^"^>o mat neglect or carelesness, is

miles through the ^cil, to have fou.ei and apr 1 | He cause of unfruitfulness of our trees, or that high

Iniproi « rnrnt oj" tfic Dung llill I'owL
^Iiv. F!iuio}:: 111 looking o\.r several oth'r Aixri-
cultura! doiiin.ih- which 1 receive Iroju m n'h tf>
month, I have been struck with the unanimitv ^\!tli
stand which they all condemn the practice of breeding in
and in. But the remarks of the writers apply main
ly to the breeding of cattle, horses, Ac., poultry be-

^ ^ -

i»ims'

104

COMM( XICA'I'fONS.

j-H(,tQ^^t-a«»^M»^-i«iM»iwa--«ihWwa^^aiBa*w.wwM«w^>'^^

1

ing, I^presume, too small a subject to claim ilicir at-
tention:

Feeling, however, a deep interest in rinrkons, you
will I hope, allow me a brief space, in your valuable
journal for the purpose of directing the attenticju of
farmers to a subject which interests thc^n :ill, Itct-auMc
they are all to a greater or less extent engaged in it.

Every one is aware of tli<^ fact that gonorally
speaking, the fowls kept Ijy our farmers are small in
size, and usually, but indifferent layers. Neltlier
their inferiority in size, nor their pnor e^g-laying
(pialities is, Imwrvcr, t(» lie attributed to the kind of
food they receive, (for farmers fowls generally fare
\V(dl) nor to any want of attention ; ])ut to the fact
that in very many eas(\M, the stock is never changed,
or if changed at all, so seldom as to })e productive of
no good results. 'J'housands of miserable, weak-
minded ])e((j)le, idiots and lunati<'s, attest the evil re-
sults u[ marriages l>etwe<'n blood relations. If such
be the conse({uenees i(\><ulting from Itreeding in and
in Irom the human i'amily, Avili not tlu' principle ap-
ply to fowls. Will not a stock of fowls deg(>nerate
from year to year, both in M/,e ano m omrr gooo
qualities, if no additions i'rom other varieties or from
other ju'emises are made? l.ook t(.) the condition of
the chickens usually knoNsn, as "dung hill fowls," a
variety more generally had than any other kinds in
the United States, and which although now >mall.
and comparatively worthless, were dun I it less at om
time in every respect equal to those f .r Avhich such
enormous prices are now asked. NN hy this degene-
racy? It is very easily understood. The idea of
improving the breed of iowls rarely vi>its ;i farmers
mind, and in the niultijilicity of duties resting upon
him, he does not think it a nuittcr of sufficient im-
portance to chnnge "rro?rrr.<f " Avith his ni'i;^hbor, or
to kill off his old ones and ])urchase new. lUit this
is a great error as I shall endeavor to })rove, by facts
^athercMl from my own (\\[)erience, I'ud whiidi I re-
spectfully olfer for the lienelit of my fcUuw subscri-
bers to the Farm dournal.

Several vears since, convinc(^il that bv clian<rin<'-
my plan of breeding chickens, I conld very ma-
terially improve them in some very <>ssential jiarticu-
lars, I purchased twenty of the finest dung hillcliiek-
ens I could find — eighteen hens and two cocks, i)aying
attention to size and form only, color beinti^ disre-
garded. The oldest chicken in the iloek was not
more than seven months. 1 purchased them in the
fall of the year, provided comfortable quarters fir
them during the winter, fed them well, and received
in return, a fiiir supply of eggs.

From this flock I raised during the ensuing sum-
mer, about two hundred chickens. The vouno- cocks
were either sent to market, or served up for my own
table. I did not retain a single one of them. The
old ones were also disposed of, and an entire new sup
ply of young cocks of the best form and size 1 could

find, purchased. The ensuing sprin;: th.' ..^
tcm was pursued, and T thou-ht the pro-. n\ of the
second year somewhat Mipcrior in siz(5 to their pro-
genitors, 'i'heir laying (lualiti.s w.-re certainly bet-
ter. The year following, the eocks of the previous
year were discarded, and their j.lacs }ill,.i with now
ones. The two year o].] hens were also put aside, or
retained merely for hatching. The tldnl year, I
had the satisfaetion of l.eholding (he n-u!r< I had
anticipat<Ml.

INIy chickens wore not only greatly improved in
ap])earanc<' ; but I received nearly d(.nlih. the (juan-
tity of eggs fnmi the sann^ number of fowN. I still
pursu(; this plan, and cannot hut conunen,! it to tlio
attention of some of our farmers. My f,,\\I,s are
one half larger than f )rmerly, and cost nie ]\n nion'
feed i)r trouble than the smaller ones, an.) wh. n
sent to market they command a nuich hctter pric»',

I do not b(dieve it necessary to chanire {]]i- cc»-Vn
every year, although I have done it with ;ei\;mta;:o.
Kvery second yejir wjuld }»erhaps answer a.'^ well ;
but changed they should ]»e by all meruis. if l;ir;r»'r
tow Is are UesireU.

ElAATlI A\ TliM.FRR, Jr.

Mon(<j(nncri/ co., Pn.

•» ?

IS.V^' I

COMMl'NiCATlnW^

s;

Plowing in C'Io\cr Ikf \\ hvai.

Mu. EniToic: 1 \\i>h to let Mr. (Jowen, auJ
others who read the Farm flournal. know the effect
that plowing in green clover has with lue. ari'l fjive
them an opportunity of judging whether it will U*a-
elit the land or not.

In the summer of 1840, I had a small fi'hi '»f 4^
acres in (Tover, which I jiastur.Ml a wlTile, and then
let the clover grow until it was lit to cut t'T seed.—
Witii a large plow and three strong her>r^, 1 jiavtu
it, then harrowed it effectually, and let it Hf antil
2Hth of Se])tember, when I scedeed it. \\\ th" l'^^^
vest of 1S5(), I cut l.'vJ dozen of wheat, which vieM-
ed If).') busluds or 30^ bushels per acre. It <li'l '• •
require to be seeded with clover the next sea-^-'U.
phtwed it down last season again, and the wheat r. ■>'
looks fine, although a part was winter-killed, li -^
|)roper to state that the crop of \\heat that was on
it bef »rc the clo\er\\as plowed ih-un. did not ex-
ceed ten bushels per acre. .1'

Ki^hacL)<iuillas I'alUf/, Mijjiin co., i*^-

A Xew I'.vergreeii.

Mk. Koitok: Kiicloscd is a branch of an FA'tr-
green ih'di I am unacrpiainted with, as arc also the
best /;-/.//^/,vAs' in this section of the country, to whom
I ha\.> showed it. It is a l.-w shrub s.areelv risir^.'
more than two feet above the surface of the -r-ii-
and its h^af you will see is similar to the Ibm! -
although it is larger and m-re l^aiitiful- Its natne
place of growing is in low moi>t greund— but
have transplanted it to a dry soil with good succca

in.",

It'» low, wid'- -pr'M'lin;.'- i'ranches, luxuriant a- tiiey
ure, would i;i ik- a iir- at aMitiori to pleasure
grounds, or Cemeteries, S!i,.u!.l ativ amateurs

On iliirk ami Thin Sou iu^^,
Mk. Editor:— In t-Aauuning these two important
points in agrieubural or,, tie.., una is vory much per-

whose attention yuu may call to ,t -incline t. trv it- plexed between vanou. opinions. U ^,., ni.s to have

merits as an Kvergreen .Shrnh, 1 will b. na-iv at any been an ohl habit among our farnv ,. to sow thfek

time to give a'l the ,nforn.at„a. ,n re^.r,! ,, a that and they were probably govcrne<l u. this course bv

I aui in possession of.

Ke^pcetfnlly yours,

A. M'Lla.n W iinL.
llirtsloicn^ Pa., June l8o2.

[The Ever;4r.cn an. I llowcr earn,- i,, hand, lait so
much inime.l as to p.re\i-nt us from determinin;: anv
ihin^ -ati-factory about either. We shall be pl,.as..d
te hear further from imv c.)rresj)(.nd(.nt in re-
lation t I thefn. —Hn.

the test and testimony of experience. Since the in-
tr.)duction of the drill, one of its recommendations,
the most fre<piently urginJ, is, that it saves seed. Ir'
this way. we are put aH^^t a-ain. l:is\uz the ques-
^*'"'"- "<' ^^l"<-i' '- >"-f. thick ,,r thm ....jn.^r. „,,.;,..
^•Med,and ihrown up,.,, i he ,iis..r..ri.,n and exprrim.o
of each imli\ idual tarner.

An Ku-li>h aLrrieuhnrisr. \Nh.> ^e..i„s to tarm v.tv
hrilliantly. ^..w^ hut -Me lai-he] ,,{• ul,,.^. ,,, ,|,,. .^,.,.,;_

; It is .Irilh'd in. in n.w.. tw.-lvr a,„! a half inej,...

:ip;irt. ".\!id n-rhmg," sa\^ tiie aurlp.nrv •'.■m
Toads and Insects, j exceed th. regularity and h, autN of the phui. ' loit

y\K }.!.;tor: — Althnn-h not the lumdsonie^t <T ' ^''^t s.,nie wf (uir tariu-rv .1,,, uMh^. ■dies. K ;,i ^i.t this
livin>,M:reatures, the toad is crtainly m,,,. ..fthe ^r.ar- praefi,,.. arid atr./upt ;., imitate or e.unp-'t,. nmi!. tin-
dpner'.shest fri<"nd.. (»uiot and unol,tru>i^c iii hi.- f 'Hunate Ku^l,.l„nan, ties mu^t know ii.w -it i- that
manner., perfectly hnrmlosfl and asking nn priviWe ' he is thu. succes..fu]. and knoui,,,. thi-. n , v n. >y
hut that ol h..,n- pernntte<i f. n-ani n^l l,J,ifnm thro' utid.-rtake tho exT.ernu-nr. it th.^v pha-,.. ih- U.^.,n<
tlie-arden,hciscnntinoallyrenderinu'exe.dh.n( V.,- with a hu'L- •^uilav .f , ..prah "m ...t hi. .M-,,M,ei in'
vice. I have ever heon the friend <.f toad., and :rroat- ...ndit.^.n t,, pmiue.. j|.. ,ua,o,r.-. an- th- r:eh...t
Ij regret Uie cruelty fn -juentiv ma/iifested towards barnyard manure— and superphosphate of lime, four
diem hy unthinking persons. My garden abounds l'"ii.Ir. ! ^^.\.^\li u> the acre. These bring him heavy
with them, and a more sociable .set of felh.ws I liave crops of turnips, sheep are f-d with the a. turnips, in
rarely met uith. Whenever I canmera e spadm- the ^rmuieh .-.nd he.^des, to encouraL- il,. ui t^ ,., '„i,.
the newly ,sp:id,,l bed is sure Uj be >urnaui.hd with f'lward rapidly f.r profit, thev ar. t- inpt. 1 Nvnh an
diem, wat.'hin- .pii.-tly but ea-erly for any grub or nnhmind >upp!y wf hrul^^.l ],^an^, i,..,,. a-.d oil cake

^•"rm that may chance to be thrown un.

As tlu; turnip- ar.' consumed— tlie ground all the

f 'UO' Im'!ii_: manur^'d hv ih'' .-]ir. j

It

plow

''ed ai

Last summer, whilst spadin^- some gr.aind ^^hw\i
'^l^'-unded in the largo white ;:rubs uMiallv f>und in

'hevioinityofcloverstalks,lobserNedamiddline.iz..d "'''"" ''""^' '' ''"'"^ ''''"'' '^ ''"'• '''"^ ' ' ^^'' ""'^^"

el

sowed \vith harl-'V. 'I"iii- i-^ l.-M-u^d hv el,,\,r and

^'•adsittin- near, .pii.tly wat.-hing mv op.-rations.-
i'resently on.. .,f the grubs was tu.med up, and in
'"•r'ler to test his f.ndness f.r .uch fo.u], I threw it
>^'<'"re hini. In an Instant it was swallowed. As he
'^PP^.^r. d to relish the mo,^.d, 1 ^^ave him another
'^n-ian.th.r. until finally he made way with s^ n u
" t'-^h ^^hen he retired. Next dav he returned
||n'lde.spatclicds;x m u-e ,,f ,l,., .nil,/ which 1 gave
""^- I mention th.^- i;-,!.. facts merelv f»r the pur-
r<>^'«of showing h.e.v large number ol' troublesome
^^•^rms and insects a single toad will destroy.
^^.j|.''''"'^"*'^y''i^r'':iders may have a Pi„annber b<d,

io striped hui; is d-str-vin-. jHrmit me to I ^vhirh is elfect.'d 1 v th- repeated nlowin<'s an 1 hai ■

^iJ"e.St n. 1*nr> 1 i' 1 • I I O

mrio'^ tr ^^ ^ l"'"'-''' ^^^"•■^' ' !';i^'' f''>ind i rowin-> mentioned, the other, i.s warmin<' ahundant-

•unst eliectu'il li ♦ 1

siiffi • , •"*''^^<^cn I'"' hillsjav pi, e( s u{ liuard I ly, ^^ith the best nuuiure, and no doubt the oi ,;Mn -

pmnei(>nti'iT «.,^! i r ^ ' r^

ti^«^ / ""^^^^ J''"»'i tlie -rnund to enahle the t-.ads was .d the\,r\ deepest, in<'tead , f h.-in ' >eraf. hed
conco'i ifii ' .~>»iii

'"'V u-oni f ".'"'■'' *^'-^ under them during the day and ^,^^^r a> mueh ^-i ihl< e..nrinenL i.s, hy imphanent^ that
^^hril '* ''^ '^ ^^"' ''<i-s will .-^pecdily disaj)pear.— i go vry iitfJe deeper liian a hen's (daw-^.

pr,l,Z\P ''''''''''' ^'^''^'' ^""^^^ ■^"■''"'" ^'"^^^•''' ^''''"'- "'"' ^ •••"« to pursue a

'^nnotsav ^"^ . ''"P^^^^'^^ as to drive tie, aa^^ ay, j -inidar >v.>tem to the one just noticed, and ^vho8c

'^urieita J 7,^"''"'.'' *^'^ ^''^^'^ ^'^^^^''•>' ^^'''"*- ! ^''''''' ''^ represented as being in the highest state,
> "'*^ ^^ A«^l. J. T. L. ' takes an opposite view, as to the sowing of wheat.

I'hrn the er.aind i> a-ain pl-wed. and r.dh.d.and har-
rnwed, and aft.r all thi> e,-axin^:. i- at last treated to
one hu-hel of wh.Mt to the acre. ']'],,. p. -suit wa> f.ir-
ty-ei;;ht hu-h-ds n[ wheat to tlic acre— as to tli.'
amount in ni 'ney. there i> e.iinplete silence,

Ihit if we. on this >ide. cannot imitat«' this Knudi^h
farming- i> tiier.' ie..thin_' {>< learn fn-m all thi- L'eti-
ervius expenditure, skill and IiImt. Th.Te are \\\,,
elements of success in tiii.s system, whih not oidv

r'Di l,.e a.iopted. hut iniisf },,- ad-pted. hv all ule, wish

to have their farms in fine .ird-T, and t-- make them
produce.

The first is a complete diMutegration of th-' <oil,

lOr,

rOMMliNICATiONS.

fi

i I \ .

\

lie drills two busheie uii<i a half or tlircc ).!isl)('l>
to the acre, in rows eight inches ay):ir:, iind tin' av( r
aj^e crop for six years, has been tiiirty-four Imshcls
and a half to the aero. A less (luaiititv l.y thirteen
busfhels and a hall, than that of the man who sowed
but one bushel to the acre.

No reason is given for the adopting so unusual a

'l\\r drill has don.- luur!, tMNvurds onsiiririf' the
safety of (Mir crop of uln-Ht, liy y)laein- the. seed at
regular <iistanees heh.n the Mirfaee, and -ivingovorT
grain a ehanee. It also makes necessary a inope tho-
rough tilling of the hnnl. It is in it-.-lf a kind of o.v
tra harrow, tlioiigh we havo srrn as jrood crop^i from
plowing in, as from drilling; )>ut we are inelinod to

mode as sowing but one buslnd to the acre, hut as it | think, on tle> \\hol", that <lrilling is the })OHt inodouf
is successful, the philosojdiv <»i the thing may he dis-
cusse<l. It is a practice, that s(>ems of very limited
apj)licati()n, "as a thin sowe(l crop is later in ripen-
ing, a,nd more suhjeet to milde'w, and unless acconi-
jtanied hy the most careful and eontinued hoeing,
more i'avorahle to weeds, Ijcsides )>oinn: more easily
utfe(;ted hy the casualties of th(> season."

But th(^ hirnn^r yvho prefers thick soyring, gives his
reasons for so doIn<''.

"lie does it, JMH-ause in his opinion, wheat ought
n.it to be encouraged to tilh^r. If the j>lants are suf-
ficiently thick in spring, tlu^y at once send up the
stalk ; hut if the roots arc thin, they send out lateral
shoots, which strike in thp pnrth, nnd produce now
[dants. 'J'he first ])lant is yvf^ikened hy having to
produce auxiliary ])lants, and the plants of the second

A New Henicdy lor the Curculio.

Mr:. KniToR:— In the yard attached to mvresi-
growth do not come to maturity, so (»arly as the ori- dencc there uro several very fine fruit trees, amenj;

tillage yet devised — the single tart ,,f ,t makin«' a
more careful cultivation necessary, is strongly in h^
favor.

The saving of seed is hardly wortliy of considera-
tion,when other o])jccts of morcini)M>rtaneeare'rjii,, ,)
Too thick sowing, too high manuring and too shai! ,«
plowing, often causes the plant to fall or he laid, us
it is generally called, ])y whi(di the i-rop i> iniurrdor
lost. This evil result of t(H) much s.M-d i^ j.^silv
avoided.

On tlu^ whole, it may ])e gathered from tlicsp re-
marks that thick sowing is better than the epiKtsite.

A. L. la.u \ N

ginal or parent plant. The quality of the crop is
thus injured, as there are always more light an I de-

whieli are two su]>erh ( )rleans plum trees. For se-
veral yoars after the pluni trees came to boarin;^. we

fective grains in a thin sown, than in a thick S(»wn ! had fiiu^ crops; but two years since, althowirh th«\v

crop ; besides that, there* is less seecl to nKM'tthecon-
tin;:;cucie8 of insect and weatluM-." These Iiavc every

blossomed w(dl, and truite(l too. the vouul' fruit fell
to the iiround hef(U*e it had attained one tenth il.s IliII

appearance of being good and substantial reasons, i si/«\ V\)(m examination, I foincl that eadi ono of
tiiough it is not jirMhalile that th 'V have occurred to ■ the lallen plums bore a cn\scent shaped miik. which

the many yvho adopt th(> ]*ractice of thick sowing,
more from habit, or tradition, than reflcetion.

ir these reasons arecvxamined. we are not sun* they
will prove satisfactory. As to preventing tillering,
is it of importan(M\ or is it possi))le? The excessive
<!;rowth of shoots or suckers, from any one seed, or
plant, is certainly not desirable, l)ut it is only likely
to take place where the ground it; more than usually
riidi, and wIum'c th(> seed is more than usually
thinlv sown, eircumstanc(^s, bv no means common in
American farming ; and therefore hardly to l)e provi-
ded against. But all plants yvill tiller, and the success
of a crop of wheat depends on the number of these
suckers that will bear grain. The number of plants
in any given amount ol' land — say a scjuart* foot — is
but small, and if these do not send up shoots or otf-

I could attriluite only to the puncture et aa insect.
Not beiuj' familiar with the niaiiiier- ate! hiihits of
the curculio. 1 did not blame him \\ith the mischief,
but conchnhMl to watch ( losidy the ( n.-ulii;; spring
for the depredator. Ignorant (d'the < haractrr ol tli'
enemy of my fiu t, I d-'tcrmined to trv an ex] rriiu :.i
with one of my trees. 1 accordir^glj ]^rocurcd a j^uii ;
of flour of sulphur, and [dacing a small iron h.rnuci-
filled with live coals on a high stool, as near to the
lower ])ran(dies as I C(»uld with safety, spnukl.d the
stdphur lightly on the coals. This wa- earlv in the
miming \Nhilc the atmosphere wa- perfectly oalm.
As the lumes of tlu^ sulj.hur ascended thruugli the
tr(M', I watched ch^sely for the purpose of ascertain-
ing wlndljer any effect had b<>en pro.hucd iip"n mj
unknown foe. Scarc(dv had the vapor v'l^m fc the

I n 1

sets, the crop will be a very small one ; but it is also topmost brjundies, when I (d>ser^ed several roi
true, that where too many are thrown Ibrth, the stem lookir»g objects falling, bjvon e\amiiiatier>
alone will mature.

It is not, however, to be expected that evcrv seed
will produce a plant, or that in bn^ulcast seeding,
every seed yvill be so cast as to take root. To pre-
vent these accidents from affecting the farmer's hopi^s
and destroying the whole result of his lab(»i:, an
abundant or even a superabundant quantity of seed
ii the wiser and safer course.

them to be inseets whicdi wen entire Mran-rr-« toinc
Gathering up two or tluve of the ncarlv defunct lit-
tle creatures, I slunvcd them to a friend suuicNvli^ii
skilled in entom.dogy, who at once prononnced tlu^m
th(> .ln>ade.I curculio the scamp-^ that hid thep^
ceding y(>ar destroyr'd my plums. Much dchgn
with td.e dis.'overy. 1 iiinnediately renewed the sul-
phur fumigation, continuing it for more than a wee .

rOMMCMnATioW-

Id'

and always with success against the foe. The result , currant, g,>oscberry, nispberry and oilier fruit iMur-
warmest gratifymL'. The tree which had be. n tu- j ing plants, that thrive so lu.turiantly around the
Biigated, bore me a tair crop od e.xc( ilent fruit. w!d!n f. nces, (attesting t .e attention and skill of the <.wn-
,n the other scarcely n^.ngle plum came t,. |.^nec- er,) are all of the beM ^ aietie.s ami when sent to

^^"•. . .1 . ,, 7 r , , Imarkctcommaml the best prices. The same is uu..

Ihi9 spring the tw(. hl<)«JsoT)ie,i prifuselv. I aL'ain r.r ♦!.« ,J....... ...» i i

, ,, , , , . • '"'"" ^'^ ^''^ P'"»»*^. iipncots and peaches that surn.und his

c-auscd the sulphur to h.> applied, and at the period ' his dwellino-.

of writin<r, 1 ani rejoiciuij in tlie oi'isnect <d a \\i\p ii i • i«

r ? tr .?' , , • ,. . ^ "^^ ' ' '"'^ lli^harniHcommodiousandconvenl.Mit, Kvervi art

rren '^f phuns. it you think this ittle experiment is ,.r \t ;« o,.n..« , i -.i ,

II . , . . ' "^ *" I '^^ '^ »« arranged with an eye to Iho comlurt and hc-

werth pre-eii!inir to \.rur n^olers, it i- at vour ser- ' nirW^r ♦ l.l^ ^* i i • , •

',..,.,' ., ' - ^^^ Mintv et his stuck, and economv 111 tliir f.H.d lie

vice; and i^ ute-red not witii anv de>i!e to see mv »... !,,.;. i i . i * ,

., , , ' ' '''-^ i""-^' ^"'" l-arncd to know what L-rtin^ pes., .s

n:un(> III print, hut with the hoj.e that it ma v T.ro\,. ,i,,. i .,^. >-.,-\, , , ■ , . '

to the mu>c!es ,d' his her,. , an 1 ,.x, n. a, el uhat as-
M-ts ino^t larircly in the serr.-te n nf milk and pro-
motes its riehiievs. lli^ Pain \a d i- - . e. ,,,-: riet. d.
that not a dr.'p e| liijiiid manure i<\\a-»t"d. iiserv
^'"'^ "I I'eiteiial po.s.se>M[,- tertiii/ing «pi:ilitie- \-*
carefiillN add.'d f.i the manure lea,.. I Ijs fn\N U aie
""* p'-rniitt-d p. make a r. oMih;: plae.. ,,t ih.^ i'.-. d
troii-ii., la, k Ac . hut a ■ • nil-rtal.;^- ie ^u-^ ■ a.e, ,|„-
mudales iheiu, and liie nuiiiure .^.i\ed, Uiure than n-

l.ei- r> 'W >•

I'llCl •« 111 T, ,,

efiirtiia! ill ridding our fruit trees (d" this trtiuhloeui
a-i 1 d- •-truclive insect. K. Fi-ukk

/'■o.''/'/-/y-/,^/, Jii/ir 11, lS:,l!.

My Two \eiglibors.

M ;. r.MToii: Twenty years of niyllfe ha\inL;b*»en

devoted to tilling the soil, falthou-h not now enuMu'e,!

in fiirmin::'^ and being moreover ol" a naturally <d,

serviwit disposition. 1 s..nietimes flatter m\s. If that a

sijiht of anv larnjer.>,'s preniis(>s is to no- vnv,. it,,!..^ i i • ..

,. . • , ,,,, . , pavs h]m f,r the ♦•xoen^^e -d bulldin-' Hi> f.

ut his character. I he spirit ot the nia^er. is ahvavs ' ' , ' un im^. m i-

ii ,. , • ' '^^'' ''•o leaf and < i'-an and i;- l^'Iie. •, pi r ,,.j i-,.r,.ir

M'cn in the appearance -d thing- mi tlie tarm over ,,■ , ~ ' ' " 1''"^.

i • 1 1 -1 1 1 . 1 1 1^ inipieiiieiit ■- ai •■ al i i t ! h- III •■-? aonrnv. (i L Ol iv

^liich liepresides and the e.-uiK. lineal mom vinakin- , iappio>.o k.ni>.

,•■■,, ■ "^ ano a^ a ct.n^. o ijin, • h.> lai;d>- n- will tilh>ii liiu

fariicr is as readily known hv tl rder in wi,;, h • , ' ^^ ' ii tun .1. llis

evervdenirtmenf of h, r- , ,' i . i i ''^'von Cattle, are the admiration of the neigh-

i»crj utpariiiK nr oi fii> pienn^.^ is kept, as by ins i i i , , • ,

ordinarv n.^ eei ..v ,,■ . , p *i \ horliood and his horses and other 8ti>ck of a charac-

uiuiimr\ pe(iii!iai\ t ran •>act e Mi t, l.v tlie term

"ec(.noniical. nioii,.y-niaking lariuer,' j do ii,,t
Ii in tie- narrow-minded penurioii- man, wleiha-
Q'-t a single idea be\,.i„l the mere desire nf ac.-umu-
iiitin^' wealth for wealth's sake ; hut the man who,
'•^•'"'11 u pr.p->itmn or suggestion is male him,
•^"i«l»8 11 NN-i! in all its ditferent a^pe, ts. and what
w.ll niatur. d jud-ment conimeods. that l,e adapts,
andhavin^r;„i,,j,^^.,j^^.,j^,.j.^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ reali/atmn, ui-ii
-'' whole Seul.

A,thuii^r|, ..very man of ordinary good sense mav
^^'■•' lit ditli, ulty, discriminate between tlie two. vet
^';" '"^Uority will give the penurious hirmer the ,Te"dit

' '"^^.n- the niM.st nn.ney, while in fact, hi> liber.il.

' ''"'"ii^id iMi:rhl„„-'s im',,i,ie Irom u iarm .d" the
''^aie size and quality ,d\soil is marly <ioulde.

^iHVctwo nei^rhi„„-s who in pemt of cliaraef r
^"'1 J^^poMtion are perteei antipodes. Both are
-|^"H>r8, and h.,th are <ie>irous -d seeunng a cunipe-

■"OMiiil it is profitahh-is we 1 as pleasant to ob-
*^'';^A the ditll-rent nietho-ls they adopt to .sreure tie ir

ter admirably adaj.ted t«> the purposes for whi. li
thev are intended. .\v; rinark. 1 hy one of vouf e, ,r-

re.<p(.iideiii-, in\Min-ia-r iiMiil-r, he ha^ "a piaee
i"r e\. |-\ ihiiij; and >\<r\ thiii;^' m its place.*' \\. ih
industriwii- and tru;::al, and \^ieit niu-- le ecssanly

l"i' '^v >"' h a methudical system as his, he is

UT' OS iii^ rirh.

Ne|-iil,.,r iJ. jv a'- indii-f fi"ii^ a- ii'M^hl-r A. In
tact, h«j \N.irks much harder, hut with hs.-, profit. I>et
us glance a nii'inent at his farm. Ilis dwtdlin.; i-* a
plain structure, hut wledlv de\oid of ta'-te. liin
palin;; tenee is la>t ;^'"iii:: t. fin. 'idie pi-s and
(diickens are aware ,,{' t!ie tact, and have Wfr in;^'res,s
to the front \ard w!i. re a f- \v stinted tree>^. and
shruhs ceniiniC' t < pre'iMO;^ lleir te. hh' exi-teucc.

Not a liowcr aiiorn.-^ th'' phtce. liie hoUM' the ap-
pearance of whicli ii coat of whitewash would
greatly improve, present- a dirty forbiddin- aspect.
ll V"U \i-it hi< barn, \ -u \vi!j fi;;d IcT'' and th-re
parts (d th'' \\ ealh-rdn lard.ng torn off. Other-, u n ie)i
'he dri\ ing of a nail WMiili -.i\e, are ready to follow.
^. . lb re, as in the frc>nt yard, the cliickens have t..ll

ord" • ' '.'* ^ ^''^"^^'^ durver — a m in of m -re than ^way. !li, horses are not rcinarkalde for strength or
ti^^ x.^ 'ntelli;r,.,„.,. ,j,^,j .,],^ ,^^ !,ii, r^ Nshfi an eye' beauty, nor could it be expected they should be. lie

}^„. ' ' *"^^ fcatur"s ahouf his j.remi-. s will never feeds /oo fttnwig, fur fear of injurin'^ theni

est ll, L ••haracter. llis dwelling i. , a mod- , Uis old sfyle of - horse killin-," p'p,Nv>. and oriier

^ •] ,. ''■'■ '^ ^^'"II ciuistruetpfl and c..n\ . iiienf ' imjd- im nts, aid him \ei\ m.nerjaiU m hi- • tl .rrs
at 0 ^ "^^^^ '^ '^'^ '" '"'"^ ^^ ^^^'*'*^ ^'^^' intvfi, | to prevent liis horsc8 trom growing U)o fat. lb n- *

•^^rurind"'^"" "^'' "'^ "'^"' ^"^^ ^^^^ and at day-break, and is in the field before the sun. n.r
of rend*^"- ^'^'"'^' "^ '"'^^^' *'^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ double purpose j does he leave it until it has sunk below the western
<^r»»'g his home pleasant and profitable. The i horizon. His stables are bad y ventilated and his

fH't.

< s- » 'J f^'i*"

108

nOMMUXKWTlONS.

jJl'LY,

l«r)2.1

r'OMMf \if VI M>.V^

manure is wasting day by day. His conn.s, lor Uiint The (iuanlity of IVltro-on in Whcii i . . .

»SkC.

J.

of proper attention and food, yield but a scanty qnan
tity of milk. His fence rows nlxnirKl in ii<,v:i.,im

weeds, and every year the nuisance is ])('C()min|; , ^''''''-i^^'y, iii fhr May \... of thr .I,,urn;Ll. thorraro I
greater. All this improvidence, the reader will iht- : <'''"'<- •^"""' ^■rvnr> • to whic h 1 wish to diro.-t \^ 1

Mu. KniTORr-Innn nrt,,!., ]„,,],.,| Agricultural

haps be ready to attribute to carelessness. Not, so.
If you were to endeavor to perHu:i<l(> him that it
would be true economy to repair i\w. paliii;^ fence,
nail up the weather boarding, or cl.aii his fonce
rows, he would tell yon tliat ho l<nows it should l)o
done, but he has no/ /////^ to attend to it. He con-
ceives that true economy in farming consists, not in
givin,-- attention t(. such small matters, lait in devot

attention.

It is \vn- important tu Farmers, rlsnt scientific
statements be clear and in(.l!i;/i])le, otherwine tlioy
can form but a p^or gui.le fir tle-ir j.ractieal opera-
tions.

'I'he writer alln<led to, in sj.eakin;; of wln-at, savs:
"of the elementary in;rre(lients, n.'urly mi,, -fourth
are nitrogenous, apj-jcaring jtrineipally as ^rlut.'ii in

ing all liis time to the large operations of tlie farm, ' Hour."
forgetful of the facttlmt while with his unwieldy im-
plements and incessant demands upon thesorvices of
his horses, he is fast waring away their strength nitrogenous substances in wheat fn-m in tn j -, per

'I'his is allowing entirely too mueli p<M* centa'^o o
nitrogenous sulistancjcs. Prof. .lohn^ton ^rivos the

and usefulness, his neighbor A. ])erforms an e(iual
amount of work, alth<.ngh he does not goto the field
until an hour after Mr. H. A. prefers tliat his horses
should luive time to eat, well knowing their 8up(jrior
strength and vigor in consequence, will enable him tu
do more work Ijeforn the dnyisoyer than liis penurious
neighbor B; besides whi.-h, his iniplements are all of
the latest improved kinds, and save not only his
horses, but much valuable time. B. is fullv awan>
of the superiority of A's implements, but his
penuriou.sness induces him to cling to the old ones so
long as they can bo made tn answer Ids purposes,
however badly. Tn many other j.olnts, there an

cent. Boussingault and Liehig ut 1 I ,l\ per cent.

1 know that a larger pr(»porti<in of iiih-i-'^enous
sul)stan('es has been fuund in wheat whrp. manured
with highly nitrogeni>u> substances, as iiniie, Mood,
etc.; when wheat israiseil in ^^ardens, or when south-
ern varieties were analyzed, as the hart! wheat <»f
Africa. Boussingault grew t!ie same \arioty uf
wheat in the open field and in a v<M-y rich garden : in
the pro(iuee of" the garden tliere were 21 .94 percent
of gluten and ali'Uinen: in that of the open field no
more than 14 .;> per cent of the same }»rinciple8.

In the article referred to the writer sa v^ : "Indian
corn reijuires very little nitrogen." 'fhi-, 1 think. !•<

;]• , .... • I e(o-n reiiuires very iiiiie niiroiJ:'''!. i ni-, i umiK. i"

disorepancuis m the e!,:n-aet.'r of tlies.> two men I , i- • ,x

„•„!.„ 1 i. i. xi • , . , an error. Indian corn contains ( nearly) as great a per

might advert to their crops, th. Mr mo<h> of t,l,,^vinL' .. • . , r

„ i-„ u J.- 0 \ , . '~' I centaL^e of nitrotren as wheat; an<l an acre ot corn con-

seeding, harvesting, &c., 1iut enongh has been said

to ans\ver the object I had in \ie\\ in tn.ul.lin:: V(»u
with this communication, viz : an earnest desire to
impress upon the minds of the younger readers cif
the Farm Journal, the impoi tanee, not merely of
economy and industry, but oi method icul economy. —
My earnest desire is, that the minds of our young
men may I.e thoroughly impressed with the necessi-
ty of familiarizing t lemselves, not merely with the
physical details uf farming, but that they will also
apply themselves to those ln-anches (»f study which
stand in intimate alliance with their dailv i>ursuits.

•»r -ii Aiii. «. cui'ii \\ as iiiaue nv our ow n eoiom \ m.oi. •■ • •

My neighbor A, by habits of close study an. I obser- , i ir i' i • \. ,. tle.t subieet.

. i.' 1 Ui-i. J 1 • ,,. * bury, and ])uldishetl in a itrize essav on that ^u^j^<.l•

vation, has fitted himself to pass tolerably correct ;,, / r.i , . i ' vi.fl^^were

. , , ,, . ' ^' 'J ' iMii All i^arts of tli(M)lant and nuiiK^rous van. 'ties Wirt

_ju<lgmcnt upon 1,0 n.on,. ol' :, ,„.v ,l„..„.y .„• u ,unv i ,„,„„;,;.,, ,„ .^ J^,,^, ,„„,,^.,i, ■,,„ .riCie. of

imploment; v-lnle ne..-!, ,u.- Ji. in a spirit of lal.o | „,„ -i.^,,,,,,, |.,.,,,„, |,.|.„ •,,„,„;„,„, ,„ .uTaRO '

economy discards every thing new, an.l din-'s t.. the i ,.. ,,. . r •. i t.,, .• the hijih

,j 7 '^ ' ,^ I iM p; .p, |H'r cent .'f nitr.i"'.'nous suhstam "■> . mi. n'n"

Old system with a pertinacity in this age of j)rogr(\ss, '
rather astonishing. The one is reaping th.^ reward
of his observation and time economical spirit, in in

tains far nioj-e than an ac)-e .if wheat; and the ani."iunt
.'f nitrogen consumetl by ;i crop ])eracre, is the prop-
er light for a farm.'r to \icw it, in applyiiii: manure,
at least. If an acr(^ of corn really contain^ t;ir a; r-'
nitrogen than an acre of wheat and the fariU'r -hould
give to the land Init little nitrogen in the Avxyy ' f
manure, his crop must fail unless a sufficient :uii"iiiit
1)0 furnished U^ it from the soil and atiin'^phor".

Johnst.tn gives the nitrogen.ms principl.'^ in Indian
corn, 12 ]>er c.Mit. Bo.»ssingault and M. l*i}' ' '--
j)iT cent. But the nio.st com|iletc aiial\-i- "f Indian
corn was iiia.le bv .air own countrx iiinii.

Sali-

of

est of which, the Si.aix. 14 .9 per cent.

In th.' vari.'ties ..f eight Kow.-.l y.llou the averft<^<*
t was 15.1 ])er cent. V\\>' varieties of White

amouir

creased wealth; while the other is realizing n bare I j,.,;,,^ j, oy ^.^,,,t Four gam! .<ccd varieties
subsistence, at the expense of his ..wn an.l the ,^ ..^ ,pj,^^ ,> , ...-cet corn 11' ..:.! per cent. XhriM)
strength of his horses— the value of his farm stock. ' . .. ,. .. , . f .,;f..n-^nmm sub-

strength of his horses— the value of his farm stock,
and the fertility of his soils.

E. A. P.
Lancaster co.f June 16, 1852.

varieties .d"|>op e-»rn I- per .a-nt of nitrogenous s

stances. .

The gourd seed it will be seen contains less nitro-
gen than the flint ; and of the four gourd seed vari-

eties here given, the Virginia yellow dent ha« the
most (11 .0 per cent ;) the IVmnsyhania ydlnw dent
comes next (0 .30 per cent;) and th, largo white
Keritueky dent the least (8 .0 per cent.)

Fifteen varieties of corn Cout lioo] an avera^-e of
13 .>*0 per cent of nitrogenous suK-ran -es.

A;;iiin in the article above referred to, it is said :
"Th*' predominating iii„M-. iients in re,| ,.l.,vrr are
lime and potash, wiiii a uut inconsi-l- ral h prop..rli..n
uf sulphur, but less phos|de,rie a^i,] i-id nitr..-enMus
juhstances." If tiii- had r.-a-i, tji,. pivdoininai m- in-
gredients, of the a.v/^ ofeNa.r, are Ijm." and potash, ir
w.iuld he inurli ,dear.'r : {\,v the nitr..-en,>us Mih>tan-
c.>s in eL.v.r are ne-ro than th.j whole of th.' us/i, in-
clu.lin;: inn-', pota-h iVc.

Hut avart from tie- ina.viira.'y of tie' expression.
1 oannet agn-e widi him. that clo\,.r .• mtain- hut Iif-
th' nitro^r.-n. h i^ prohal.Iy ri.di.-r in nitrou'en,,„s
substances than any of th • -ra<<es ; and an aere ,,f
elover hay •contains far niMr.. nitn-g.-n than an aer.'
.jf wh.-at. It may 1..- us.fuj te, cjmpare the anionnt
..fnitroj.enoussnb9tance.s (which are gluten, albuiueii
iV.-.. only about lo per cent nf which is nitrogen) in
an aere of thr nboy.- named erop^.

'irnss produce and nitro^r..nMus substances ,.n an
aere :

Uro8.s produce. \itrogenous substances.
^^ heat 2') B. or 1 oOO lbs. isr, lbs
AMieat Mraw 3(MH) do 4(j j^^'
f'tal amt. of iiitngeii„u.-, sul.^tances

in one acre

f. <'orn }" P,. 'JThii ]!,^,
<'.Ko.I,ler,tcub, loiM. J^

I to the ,,uaMtuv uf nitr„K,.„ ti.ey comaiu, we can IWm
, some idea of the value of clover.
j Bou.sin«ault proved that ..Im-.r, (,v b-ing nown
I m pulvenzed, humtcky, an 1 », A „„"ored, tl.M.ri.U-
ed and ,Mcn.a.ed rapidly i.MH (,>_.,„: !„, ,,,,,.,£ ;„.
I creased little in nitro;;cn.

Now if clover oUu'ii, a larRO proportion of it,, ni-

tr"^'..„ fron, the „ „„.i„ ;„ „„, ^ai..: I a.sk. ca>.it he

so ,..vha„M,„, to the .soil-, it i, true, eh.ver contain,
"I'out, l-r cent of ash. l„u as, heariKl.- alluded to
st.te-^. .1,- i.,;u ■l,..u\s inn an I ,v,,as.,. ,.|,:,.,, ,.,„'

I > ' •'■ '' -I'. a, I Cost in Uf t.rni .it
asli.is aii.l .-arLiMiat.. an.l .,ii|,|,ai.. .,' ]:„,.,,

•^" ■■''■'■'■ "'' '■'"''■'■ '■■"ita,„~ ai-ar 7.. |]„ ,,r l,,„.,
'""/""' "^'^-"'■"'■i'-"0'-">"i-ti.,-a,o..u,ut., the

an-

'j-o n^-s,

^r2\ U.S.
I '7 do

4M Ihs.

.\ itrog"nou>

'f"tal amount pi^r aere.
'-duver 1! IV 'J t-n- do. mi J],,-, p^, i ]
substances.

'r''"'^^^^eethatanacre„fe]...rha.,va]Iv.near-
•M^^'"'''t!iea.neunt.,fnitr..gmous sul.stance., eon-

J'^'ned man aere of wheat, ami an Hereof corn .a,re
than twice as mueh.

^'^'-^ series of experiments in the rotation of crops,
^^"^■''^•"giult ^M^e. th.. fdlowln;::
1st year prutluc,.,! p.tatoe. w.hieh cntaine,];

2d
3.1

dth

•'>th •• ,> ,

' 'ats

Ittb

■♦- "'-■• "itr .-•11 p. r acre
^^ heat, :\'2 " '' .* 44

^' Hay, 7S »' ** 44 a

^N'heat, 10 <' << i< 44

_• I

'"■''appears that the nitn^'n in th.M h,^ er hay
. JY^^re was m ,re than douhle as mueh a. that in
in the 1''''^''^''''' '"■• '^""^»^^ andthenitr ,.u
•w>r ce t^ ^^''^ ^ ^'''"'' succeeded the el..ver was 25
•^^^^ en more than the one uhieh preceded ii. This

^ '^^^^'>'Toboratetli,,a...s,.rti,,n that "clover >^peedi-
- ^-^hausts the soil " Tk \ ■ r ^

M 8tn>n ^ analy-:. of clover roots

}y^,,,\^l proves that they contain more nitrogen

\Vii ,"' ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ wheat crop, straw and all. ^
''plaTr ^^"^"^'^''^ ^^'^^ *'''^ nutritious properties
both as food and manure, are in proportion

1^:""""-^"^'^- ••^' 'I- >-"nd er,p,,f ,,,.,^,ii

"'".'•'"^ ""•^^^'^^^•^•i-^'-'-. '•'"i'l-.Ti>.tlllhelter)
ho plowed d..wn.npwrertii;tvi>nnpa.'-t..i '. . r !>, ;,. d 01
^P't<->ft!,e e.,n. I, !,.,•.!,;.. ane.irit ef f.ra... r,.,.,.,'|
mu.oiii-.ici-op. ■* . <dover!ea^,.m.,rere.i.

'lue(in f.nu ,,f root.s and .tiiMde> th. n r!,. | ...uuoo
7'' '" ^^"^-••'■•^"■i :^I"M. ou^dan. l.uor the cereal
that foli u. 1: ; i,,u a ha> i/uvoruOit mfiueuce out nf
all j>roj>ortion with its .piantity. contra.^ting this
with the residue of either of the hard crop.*.." ^

If clover was so exhausting t<. the soil, it.s'r.M.t.^and
stubble c.mld only lesse,, th. am unt of exL,, mi „
but instead of thi.s. careful e,^p.,i:„.M^. pr v.-thitthc
crops which foil,, w n, ui^K n-.thin.^ h,:r rl,,, ro.,tv and
''^^^'''^■' '"'• '-i "lanu:-. are ,ar f.ett.T than tle.>.. tfiat
preee.Ie: and ^^ e i,,ve presented the opinion of an
eminent uriter ,,,. a.-rieultural eh.nn'Mrv. that the
sod w,!l!„.arrene..;n^ the };,.t ep,, of ch^N-rand
retain it^ tertility w,th ,,n!v the .....,„,} ,., • .^,.,
00 wn.

^^ '''■^^- '"'Ji'i'i '' Til, and cl,.x,.r. are ef . , ,,,,:eh im-
^"'■'•^'"■'■' ""f ""'.V t" the ajriewiron.'. 1,,^ t- all
classes of s.»ciety. th.it 1 have t|,:,,i-hf pr..p..r t
eupy s.. inueli .pae.. m the e .lom. ,.t /,,,ir d nrnal
there aiv niime,-,,,.- ..tlwr faets corr >!.■ ,raf iii_' rhe
vi.>ws here pr...senied. !a,t h -tthisisalrea.lv ton ],„-
to be carefully rea.l, 1 >hall c..nebide.

I' U. <MLsr.
Mf. Ainj .1 ;. /i'.. ^nrmanlnwn, June 4.

( >(•■

Spent i'aii Miuk.
I Mk. Editor : in a lormer nuniUT of the d. .nrnal.
i observed an article from one of your corresiw.n-
dents in Cumberland county, detailing his metlnul of
rendering ^jh nt fand. ark availahle ter f. rtili/in-pur-
poses. I ua< nmeh pNi-. i t,, };,,,] that some one
ha<l at length taken iiold of the subject, as 1 deem it
worthy consideration.

For a number of years past I have l»een in the
habit of using spent landmark in my garden, and '
with the very best results. The soil on which it was

W'

110

COMMITNIOATIONS.

! • '

1 <i.52 1

MlA{)!\(i PI.\N'J-S.

tried was a stiff clay — alto^othor too Htiff for succohs-
ful gardening;. The tan was procured from a iiei<^h"
boring tannery, where it had lain probably two years,
and was appli(Ml the thickness of fuir inches over the
beds. It was tlien spaded in to the depth of :l foot.
I soon observed the diffidence, not only in (h<' soil
but in the growth of vegetables. A new life seenKMl
to have been ini})arted to the soil. From !miii«; still
and cold it became friable and \v;irin, ;iii'l the v(j^(!-
tables grown where the tan w:is ripplicfl, wore not
only more vigorous in growtli, out scMM-al thiys curli-
er. I have stron;: fuith in the \irtut's of spent tjin,
and ho})!' that the i;_':nor!int jirejudifc liithcrto enter"
tained in rchilion to it will s}u!e<lily he removed.

Yi>yk cixuitif. I'll., ISo'J. E. WiKT.

I We are crhnl that spfMit tan-hiirk is beginning to
be pro})erly appreciaietl. In a inrmer numher we
recordfMJ a shkiH hut 8uc(;essi"ul experiment made
with it in the cultivation of (-(dory. Since then, we
have had another o])portunity of testing its value.
When abseuL in March, \ve wri.lc h(.m(>, giving direc.
tions to have a particular bed well manured and
spaded for beans. Instead of the bed we ordererl t<»
be spaded, the gardener selected anothci-, and mls-
takin<'" our directions about iIm- manure to lie aiijdied,
gave it a heavy coating of pretty W(dl <lc,(.mposed
tan bark. Not having any very great t liih in its
virtues as a manure, we were not a little mortified on
our return to find our dirocliouH so lamdy carried
out. The beans, however, were planted, g(M-minated
lapidly, and at the time «'l" the writ in-, dune 1 Ith,
are not only in full Idosson), l.ut dc.ldcdly the must
thrifty and vigorous we have seen tlii^ season. N"
other manure was ap])lied, nor had any been apjdi.'d
to tliia bed for several years prrN loudly.

The soil is a stiflT clay, hut hv the applicati<»n of
the tan lias hrcame «|uite mellow, an<l apj»ears to re-
tain its warm!!! and moisture nuudi better than any
other hcd in the garden. — Kn.|

-(;.)ig to (he U(»(t()ni of Things."
Some idea of the ;;reat fertility <d' the soil in por-
tions of Iowa, may be formed from the following e.\-
tract from a letter received from d. K. i*iatt, a
Pennsylvania farmer, who haslocate*! himsill in the
vicinity of Cedar Falls. lie says, " I have not time
now, to give you any of the details (d" my farming
operations here, but will men ly remark, in rcjdy to
the advice of one of your old farmer correspondents,
*to go to the bottom of the soil,' thai iiis reeommen-
dation would not apply well in this section oi (oun-
try. Our parsnips, beets and carrots, work on (hat
plan, and frequently go dowi^ three or four feet to get to
the ' bottom,' but always fail in tlu> attempt, as the
depth of soil is too great for them to penetrate. It
is hard work to get them out, and I fear, if tlie same
principle of going to the bottom with the plow, were
adjpted, wc should have still harder work with it."

AVar against \\\v (umiM .,

In otir last, we c;illed attention to the wide an^i
still widiT, spreading ravages of the curculio. Sincr

' then we visited Pliihulelphia, where we fmnd tfi.

; ston(! fruit nearly all (h^stroyed, aiid th" f^i ult crrowcN
in <levj,:ilr. Not a sini^le per'-on will, whom wo di'"
ap]ieared to indulg<' the sliglite-t liopo of ever boiri"
al)le to eradicate the pest. All appeared to hav.
s"ttled down to the tirm hut [tainful conclu.sjon that
the eurculio would eventually de^^troy all our utonp
fruits. Highly as w(> respect the nptni..n of our
Philadelphia friends on this suhject, we 1h cr l^avc t'-
differ with them. Nil 'hspt raudunt U y\\\v iwnw,,

I We are not yet prepared hcdieve that liinnan 4.
and ingenuity will nundj longer he bafHe.j },v t v
curculio. If the danger Ik» as iminiu'iit as tli-r
represcmtit, and we have no tlouht it is, let tlp'hau;.
cry be sounded, and " Heath to the cureidio" ly>
inscrihed on our banner. If we are in .j uc^or of
hjsing our most d<dicious fruits — our aprieots, plums
nectarines, pea(dn's, (dierries, i^c, let u- ;it |pa.sl

I have th(i pleasure (d" strikin-^ a hlow in llhir l.'fj'nc"
])r'fore yitdding them to this mer«'ile-^ fee. \\x\i |i,>w
shall we ]!roceed ? Who shall he oui- l-adcr? Pro-

I ceed as vou would do, if night after night, your fruit

I trees were r(d(i»ed hy some me;in lellows. Watch
for them, until \ou catch them, and wdion eau;];ht,

; wait not to a^<'erfa!n of how nnieh fruit they have
rolilicil you, hut into the lire with th. ni at once. You
need no leader, A svst<'m (^f tactics offectual in
eurcidio warfare has never yet hem laid 1 'Wn. h*'i
every man who has a fruit tree feel thai he i.s itspn>-
lector, and as sncdi, is duly anthori/.etl to inflict pun-
ishment uriotj every thiirj; that would injiiro hi':
< harge. Trv everv thing, i^preud sheets licnoalh
the trees, and ever\ morning early, shake down th«'
fruit. (hither all the fallen fruit and d->tr v it U

i boiling ( r some otln^r effectual pr<K'<'<s. K-rn to'.v.-
in the vltdnity of your tr(M's, and if po^-ihl''. Idyour
piorkers have acdnuu-e attln^ foe. Try anv tliui;;and
every thing. When one effort faiN, do n >( .h-spair;
hut make another, and another, and Mill another,
until at length, something will h- hit np-n, some plan
deNi>ed, l.y wl)i(di the .•ncmy will he routed, and
peace and plenty restored It* our Iruil trees.

Mu. Ih.rroir— Will ;you or some ofyourcorrofipon-
dents please inform me what method 1 <hall adopt to

■ ) 1 * r ■' The
prevent mv jioos«d)errn's from mil nw nig-

hushes apj.car tlirifty and fruii widl every vear, iu»
ihe berries are invariahly destroyed hy the mddcw.
An answi^r won hi greatly oldige, ^•

New Holland Pa.

[Clean the grass thoroughly ])eneath the hushed.

and nuihdi with any kind of maten.-.l t

It will 0<^^

prove injurious to tlie plant. Sah hay, common
straw, long m.irmre. spent tan-hark or leaves wi
answer. We have Jound thai a top dressing of coD**
mou clay will cfToctually prevent it.—KD.J

I

Shading;; IManth. I r j

In my younger davs %vhen setting out celery j """'' V"'-' """""'"'""' *""^' ""'^'^^ >" ''xcoption.il
plants we docked of!" a no Ml her of leaves to prevent h*^^^"' *^';|!""^' ^'''"" *'"' ":ii«n" of the cutting, the
their flagging; we «>liav."d ,.|} ,},,. points of our pink ' ^ '"' '"" '■ "P hccause they can nut derive niois-
pipj.ins fi»r asimihn- purpos,., ..,,,,1 reduced d,.. l-nvos f^^ ''"'"u'li h m. the eutfing to .Mipply that outgoing
offtd cuttings on a ^i.mh.r pnn.ipl,.. A -rand i,,,,,. T'""'" ^'""' "^ •'!"■ '^ 'f- ««orf,ice :— continue a similar
|,ul. was created among >ome of our v.'iu- minds M"^'"'''r» '"'"'''> ^" '^'^v, an. 1 death will ensue (rum
whrna great gardener, now no more, demonsM.it. d I ^'^"'1'^^'^^' cxhau>.liou.— CW/u>/g O'ardenn'.
in the Oardener's Magu/ine. thit Ay^rv^ w.-.e tie' The Tinz-Nc. kef nnMsj, .it

iirinv movers in the forn.ation of r^ofs .- tint the' 'li, T»i . ; . -i-

bl, 'thrown a«-av; 1 .nnU:U,n^ , r..)^ JZ tn,'', u"' ""i '""' ['■"' «'-' /"^•'"' H'-liko

akin .., Larlari.,;.. The v-h,,,;,.,, r,..!..,- ■„ i /n,. in ",',"""■•'",'"" ^' ^^'ru'tv of ,J.e c.,„-
., ,k will o„K n .|uir.. ,-, Al^\a Tx-Mli.,,, t., J i r n J, T ''■ -^^-V^, u .nil.. lar«,.r :1 ,l„.

,.P..,>.. .„.. .< tin.,-,. ar..t«o«av. „f MliL^^a M..rv. w-i,l, al..:,,! tl.r,,. ,:,„„„i'. '

' r-ij" ••" "111

r -iv th.it a< there are two ways of pdrmga storv,
(lie sua.' place may he arrived at hy manv dilfeV-

Ntw ■ rlii* ti\i\ I r«l T*f K ti 1 i I f is*i*I. l.l . .. '

Weieji ahont tliree pnun.U.
,, ,1 * I • r , -^ r ' '"' ^"""^^•'•U' Piira^raph.w hi-h wr <iii,,r,. Ir. rn Mr

,.„, r.,n.,.,s ; ll„. ,.1,1 j;ar,l,.,„.r will, In. s.nu-.ava;;.. \„lun. ..n>„l,!i, , » ,11 I . n,„.r,.s,i„.. ' ,, „

pii,irpr„,„.|,Ml;,s «as i,vt s..,.|, a nui.i.kull aft.-., .l.-ip- t,, irv tli, , ■ ,1.,M i„ , ;, " "■'.-■"'."

(>n\ I liii Jicrs n 1' \i-('II L- i)MM- ♦)..•» <; .wi I I. -. .. 'iM • >.

a

^"- "''"nen.n.i ineoesr, witii Ins iiniitcl mean- hcautiful hir<i Ih-.-ivs-— " "^

.ndcMn^niencs. U. well km.v that fine heathy i - The Pheasant ,: n:,; :,„!^ h.-autiful to the ov 1 or

leaves c.uld o,. v he M.<tan.ed l.y n.ots ,n full actn.n ' most ,hdicaP- wh.-n ....d ,, ih- a • VL I

.nd vv.th an ahun.lancc .,| n.msture w.tlnn reach. ..onsidcred the „•. at- .t .la ou. \ ) „ the o h^

lh> knew tha . ,.n rally ^p.-ak.n;:. ne.fh.r .aitt.r.;^. sieians .p.k.. <,(• H„. . |„ I... ; .. '^'t 7^ \.

eiiess .d;iny siands.ihey

h' knew that. ^.11 I'alK -p. -akin", neither euttiri"-- v;,.;.i.,w., ! c.i i i

n..r celery plants, iinh-s p.-.-o har v well trc-itcd ,....1 f\ ■ /"' "^ «> "i an_\ \ i.m.is, Um-v

11 , ' I ' .'"•'".: "'" ri»ar<<i, nia^l.- their ,•, .nipaii-. n wi'i the th-v, of the IMichJ.

••oiild at once possess the ro.,ts in aetmn ne f>,<.,rv ro v . . ., i . . ■ i nt a.s-

.-4 • • 1 . ' "■ \' '" "• ' ,ii\ lo .i,it. •>•• uiitter with what * are tln'V liave hccii hr.Ml

.u>ta.n trauMMra;,on and ehih.-ration thr.aprh m, ,,, ,,p, „,..,..,.„, h,.,. d:-«->in t u> r. fc t n V

...in^lUieh^iileLs .sn.o UM^.- u..re..xp s.Mt to ^..lar uel ^h-Iter n. 1 1, ■ , I l'L I"-"f * tio,, of man,

d^\ 1. 1 • . . ' ^ ' " '" ' '" "" "iiek St covers and rcniiiti>sf f.ir

.-n..y. On.. s,v,.,.p „f 1,,^ ,n,-,v k,nl,. l...„.„...| ,1„. ,..,s. Ail ...h.-r. ,., ,l„. l.,„„..s,i. j wNul m .. o

ancLni, .. s..,n, i, all hi. sha,.,,,,-.,. ■„:';:„:,::;:: i ::::;;'r,;;:.:;,;: ■ r:';;:;:".;:;:,"- t1 . '\r:Vu:':

^ar:,,,h,.,„al,a w..,-,. ,,„, «a u,k1 tak,.,, .„! a, ihv ,.^h. , an,, „. a w,id Mate, hatch-.^a. d l.ri. , s u ,1 t I ^ d
|,r„|,«r p..n„.L JIjh le.s«.n,„. ,h,. numl,..r „f his wul. patience, v,;;,lan..,., a,„l o, . '?,..' I ut v en

^'lur.iN, iRaltliN j)Iant, It the ne,- ...ny attention to ' he foonl in tie deandi 1

-nmn;::, n..„.t atmo.ph.Tc. and ^ha.linu^ Irorn mh.- howl l.;,,^. t..o h.avv h.r The (
^hm.cuudhavehe.n atten.le.j to ; hut tie., h.- mar-; lav. n^ ,s ah ut ti. 'n.eidi. ,1
H.luusly lessened h'< .are. and trool h ■- re.prcting anarv. (h.. Iv^.^s .|cmiM '

r

an

< ll h ^ S

iMMuc.liatciN

1 hr tiiii. . I
ai. !, li Mi
I •■ill

<l. ... Z ;, , '•; / '"""n '" l"''\'''" ■.^"•■'•'"--V-...iKon....app,.ar,.h..yare-...,. ... be l-d

,,".)..„' tnll,.s, I,., m.-iv,!,, .hn,;;. vrv .liir-r.-nlh «,.it,.,l v iil, .mv,,., milk. I.i.a.l ■ n,„,l,. < i

■ ."• II > ii.'v, ,,.,.r n,.|-hl„„., an,l yt, at ih,; ,.iid ,i ' milk. «i,h u-vv limii..,l ,l,lnk

.■111 DOI'.IT. \l Itli,.i. .,1 ... . «l /■.. . . ' 1 i

r' a.| ami

.ll'... ,n ,.,! '"^ '.■"",' .;■"'*' ...- ..I.. .. im.K, »iin N.rv linine.i .niMK. I) • ;eu!!. li. ir t . pre-

, " n, ,s a sp..ctator who had never witness..! .,.r^.• then, fmrn ...id and m.,...:,ip.. V,u w.d l.ave
.^^J^^ 'P ■n^"'-n>^ Nvouh imagn.e they had hecn w..rk- , f.. corifme the ibn. s.. a> ,,, pnv.nr h. r .ut,,,- the r
-.ti,il.,M_'u. asundarmanm>r. Thus t,.ste.I. manv I f ..,.1 ; and v..u will h.tve (,. p,,,Md.- th.n. w.h mv
^„|. l""'''''"'^* •""' •'^*'<'«»iii;; dittereru-/\s, \v..m1.1 re- • > •■ .. , . '

••"IviulieDiM'h.s, int.. h.oking at an (d»je<'t i'um dif
^:'^'-nt points of xiew. ThepHg.-s ,.f i'lis w.>rk for-
nui strong confirm, ilions. thon;:h we . ;,n n..t now
ai lalo to them. (Jo hovornl them, and w hat is more

''"""'»nly found than ihis: *'Sha.|e everthin- in

' '^'I't sunshine in .summer." savs on.>. •• X.-nvrtiM' "

;|'^>^ another; ^ha.!- ,e.t at all ;* h ,w .an v..u . .p.-ct

-jn'ants to he w<.rth anyihinir. if th.v 'receive not

^/"// hlazeof onr son, whi.d. even 'tlon i^ not

P^'^verful as (iiat t.. whi.d. oorev..fM.. ar n.ral

to Ihf"^' '" ^''"•"- "^^•" Hime..." •• Shad,, according
qoirorn'^^'^T"^'"'^'^ •" "* >•""■ l'''^'"- '""1 v<.ur re-

^^!Z ^'''-V'" '"^^^-^ ^ ^'•''••' ' =^"'' -'^'> ^'''"

m.'anu ^^\] '^'^''' d* .'^'*'> camiol .-ha.le, use ..tluM- one ic. d r;i i iu,><- in ii;.' «i i v. I InMiiore \,irn <1 their

•'v:\p.,r\f|, ^^^''''.'^ ''''-'''* ^'^''''''-'"^^' '" )>nw('nt I foo.l. ami the mor- f : e,,,i, ',. f |j n-ncwed, the b-tter.
""^« \.'^*."; j'" ' '" ""^:i'iU a cert.im de:!;n,' ..1 end- ; Frev|,, aroi a Iitth' at a fitne. The green leaves of
'>< iii«t ' >'ideo\cr m hri^ht suo^liii.e in sut'ini.'r. ' JMih v arc ev.. Ihn' At three monthsOhl feed tliera
Thu. I "^ '"''^J*"''^*''''*"^ ^" "- -i^ 'never slonh' at ail."
• "ere aro a niimhcr of cu(tin<-w with .I'l their

I ' • 1 ■ • ■ 1,11.1 H 1 . 1 1 1 I i . 4 ■ -

LT'its. in the n.';:;|.l,orii.. ,,] ,,( Pan.v. w !•• :•,■ tin n i, at
.juantities (jf \"Ui;^' Fow !. t' r I lo' iii,uk,!.ih.\ pr.-
pare what they call ;i r. / //, /r/. , , , i.y ,||,rM;i,,M a li,,|c
in a drv, sari. i\ .-p.,!, in wliuh they place a piec<« of
ficsli, whi^h stH.n g. t- into miggots, w ith wlinli tliry
feed the young hirds. My «.wn nrtninrrris of nio.h
simph'r ami economic con^^trm tion. 1 have an r;ii tli
en pan, al-.ut tw.. h'.t <h"p. ai-.d on.' foot diann-fer,
into whi.rh 1 put s. in'> hr.iii ; . n lii -^ I place a pieco
of li\ er .,r c.arri.in. I c \,rir w ith a common glays
c.ap, arc! phu^e it In the ^i,i. 'rju« flesh soon getP f y-
hiowii, ami s[ie. .illy creat«'s (piantities of nniggofa,
an<l, w th a lori;^ handhff sj>oon. I have them thrown
to th<' \oon^' hird^' 'fliey should n(»t get more than
one fed (il ihi;s<' IM ihe diN'. Tlie more\,irird their

lof f ;e(j 11, I, f 1 \

I !'■ at a t one.
i irhy arc ev.( llen' At three montlis old, Iced tfiera
on harley, witli a little wheat. boile<l enrrv)ts. or po-

oaves 01 - '"o.io.r o! cniiMP-^ Willi .it tneir tatoes, mixe, I w itii hread crumbs. Give a small p; r-

{^lajwc aili^"'^?"^"^ ''■""' the atmosphere hy hell- tion of Iwiled rice during the nnailt. Iftfeyshou'd
low tho.n J ^"*'.'*»-'''';i hesides in a jut or frame: ah get (he roup, give them fre«h curd every d*iv. T.>

l^^v the'nj ' .^\'^ hesuies in a jut or frame: ah get (he roup, give them fre«h curd every d*iv. T.>
. even m these circumstances, the lull force make alum cuid, take new milk, as much a» your

•.fj^^S^ta^J'?"''

112

'<

II

I

TIIR RING-NECKED P[4RASANT.

;f""'^'"{ •^-■^, /.-r^

Jtt V

^52.1

TriR SIAMESR F?00.

7

*>j^

THE RI^'G-^ECKED I'llEASANT.

young birds require, and boil it with a bimp of ahim,
80 an not to m:ik<^ the curd )i:ird and ton;:;!), Imt cus-
tard-liko, A litth' ot" this curd and ant's o;j:<i;s, slioukl
be trivrn t<» tlwiu twice a day, in adilition to their
other i'ond. Keep tlieir vessels clean : and, if the
disease still contiiHW, jjijive tliein every s»MMnd <hiv, a
Binall dose of p;arlic in a little fresh hiittei-. 'I'liey
are subject to be vent-bound, m hieli, if not attended
to, will killtlieni. The remedy is, with a sharp scis-
sors cut cl'tse the down or feathers about the vent,
and anoint it with sweet-oil, and heatfenti\e that
it b(^ kept (dean, otherwise you <-annot rear them;
but, in handline; tlieni, be particnlarly cautious that
vou do it with tin* jj;rcat(\st delicacy, as the least
rou^h handlinii; will kill them, if they have a
scourin*:;, the alum curd will check it.

Ther(^ is no difliculty in breetlin«i; the common
Pheasant in a wild state ; but to keep them in an
aviary, you will have to ^ct a wire-trellis iu front, suf-
ficiently close to prevent the sparrowH and other birds
robbing them of their food. The savin;.^ (,t" the tood
will very soon compensate you for the wiri^work, :ind
insure your Pheasants beine; i'vd. At the tt)p, I would
prefer close net-work of moderate-si/.cd cor<l, W(dl
painte<l. The reason is, if the birds ^^vt flutteriMl,
they Hy straiji;ht up, and, by a dash a^^ainst a htiid
substance, tln^v frequently fall dead, but by coniin-^
in contact with the net, they rec«'ive no injury. Part
of the aviary should be shcdded, to protect tlnnii
from the inchnneney of the weather ; ami I would
recommend a r(*tirin;j;-]dace for the IIcuis to lay in,
and perches (»f about one inch in dianu^ter. I wo(d<i
advise the retiring-place to be laid down with clean
straw, but would prel'cr fine sand for their walkin;;-
]dace. AMieat and barley are (leii- l^'st food, with
occasionally vegetalde matter, lettuce, turnip-tops,
cabbages, &c. One Cock is sufficient lor three or
four liens.

The Culture of rauimowers.

From the ir)th to the 25th of Scj.temher, sow the
seed in an o}>en border. Let the phuits remnin until
the 20th of Detobcr. when ihey will be small. i»;iviii:
four leaves. IMant thetn vni tour i\u'lieH tipiirt in a
pit or frame, where you can jiroteet them Irui.'i tho
winter's frost; let them remain there until the tir>l
week in January, then prepare your pit to grow ihciii
in.

The pit should be ei^rht f<-et wide, three feet deep
in front, and (uur at the 'sack, (iet one Ktad et leave?*
and one load of hot stable nuinure — I mean in tbi-
]>roportion ; have the leaves and manure well inix-'l
a week or two beloveyou intend to use it, and thm tm
the pit to what will settle down to twelve or feurt'-!.
inches, take then and get your sv)il, old sod thr-
parts, and on* part manure — hog uianure isthel''*:
cover your bed over to the depth of at U'ast I'lglit-'-i^
in(du\s, diir it nicelv, then put onthe sa*»he8 and k'-:-
them close for three davs, when the little hcW \u^>
the manure au'l leaves have created will he >ufticicni
to give the plants a start. This is all that is m'ccss:i
ry, for if there be too nnnh Iwat, it will sj>.>il all.—
Then mark out vour bed, two rows to eacii s.ash.
which should be three feet ten inches, and tv^e nn !
es f)r the wood of the rafters.

It will be understixnl that the plants were pn.'ke<l-
(Hit in rows, so that they could 1«' taken uj> with tlit'
trowel without breaking any of the ball; set tlu'in
five plants in the row, and two rows to each «^asli :
you plant L ttucc betwe. n e;uli plant in therew, rtnJ
'a drill «d' short-top turni)> radishes U'tween llieni.--
After y».u have all planted, h't the sashes remain
close for a day or two, wheutle-y will begin t • >li '^^
they have taken to the ground. Vou mvjM tlun^iN
all "the air you possibly can, even take tie ^adw's en-
tirely off in good weather. They must he eoverW
every night with straw mats and shutters until tliefarst
of JNiurdi, or longer, according to the season.

Ik the K'tii of March they will rerpijre to be wat-
;.,|"twice a week ; leave off* the sash every day you
van: by the lirst of April give plenty of water, ind
Iv this means you can grow early cauliflowers a^i
;', ed a«^ m any part of the world. I have grown
them f'ur, five, and nearly six pounds. For the truth
♦ this statement, as to weight, etc., I refer vou ti.

113

th. Transactions of the J'ennsvlvania Horticultural
Seioty, from \H2?, until lX?,7, both years inclu.led
1 f .ek the premium so long as I cidtivated the cauli-
t!..wer. AN'Oi.n Pn n aoei.i hia (Jardener.

The Siamese Hu«'-.

!■.■ ( lun-v iJM^r ,s to }u. met with in tlie .,.ufli-
. .-.rae,u!ifries(,t Asia, as Siam, Curhin ( 'hin i the
i..:ni:;n empire, Cambodm, Malaca, Sumatra, ain!
;n Uatavia. and i.tiier eastern i-^lan.is. Tliere ire ru
nrtiaofWi" li--in In.lla and ('him,, and le nee the
-vasional confuMon -f nomTsdature met with in
; -uks of natural hi^torv.

Th.;rcMiiv tu.. vv..|l.,,nu-k.',l vriri..ti,>sof thcCIiinoso
..'-tluitlp.ia .Su„, n.Mth.u li-,.,,, r|,i,„i proper.— '
Ih. chief. ,1 i,,t..,ly. p.in, ,,r .lidercnce s.ib.sist-
.:.; l)eUro,;n th,,„ ,., I„,u..v,.r. in oulor-tlio Siamese
um-tyU'ii.^u..u;illj,l,laekaM.i tl,.. Chinese white
... , . ^ > " '"- 'I-., pi count cuu-stdnt uni-

riimv in On, reap,..-t, their color fre.|nentlv varyin.'

.. hrou;; ,t from Sy.un !..,.„ i„ the .same litter, pign
.. hffi^ent eol.r- hav lr,.,i„emly heen .een, anj i^.
anees uf the occurence of;„V,/ inaiviJuals. I„ the
'■0 of all an.malM .sul.mitted to the influence of ,Io.
- loa mn, clor alone is l,y no means a safe critor-
: in the enumeration of varieties.

r'iv V',"';T' :"V' 'f ^'!'''" -^i^^'- "i-s body is very

-'^,,'i"7'-^ '""':■• ""■•""■ t'>e l.aok slopes

">..~l,,,uM,.,.. :,,,,! I. h..l|.,u. while the belly is

' u ,UH aii.l ,„ a !al H|„viii,.„ almost touches the

Sv ,;'■';''•«'''■' ''r''^'' ''.lokwar.l. The
'fiinV\'-'""'' '"'■'-"''■'" ''^'i^- Tho-kin it-;
""■ "i.r l„.i,-.K, «„K-h give.s I,, the geii. ral color,

of the animal .somewhat tho effect of hmn/,.,,.. I„

times black, and occa.sionallv pied, fhe white . r^
are d,v.me,l preferable, fron.-the superior d.li • tev of
their fle«h. Tho face and head of 'the Chinese ,'i"
are un like those of any other description of »«•,»■
somewhat resembling a enlf. " oi uwiia,

n.th the Siame.se and Chinese hogs are very go..d
fe.Mers arrive early at n.aturity (a"mo.st i«,,.,run
P rt cu ar in any des,.ription of live stock,) ulul fed
f.it, on les.s foo,l, and becom.. fatter and heavier with-
magn^n time tlian .iny ofour Kuropean varieties
Ihe Chinese value the hog verv highly; th. v li,.:
|0T.. upon pork than on any other deseripti,,,, „( an-

ol 'the sow.'" " " '""' """ ""■>■ '""" "^'-' """ '"'Ik

Th. riiinese take great care of thWr .swine, and n-iv

lheir'iTf'''r'' '",'■' "- '.-.H'v :„M ,,,ian,i,r,;f

. ' t';'' ^"f"'- """' i" '■'■^"1^" ■'"■■i -'tiit-d i,rter-

nec.,--.ay, have them carried fr..,„ „„e pla.v ,„an..,h.
or They keep the beds and stv.s of their h.,.r, ^^^u-
jmlously dry and clean; it is t.,'this attention That we
are po.ss.bly to attribute the excellent .pialiti.s „f
I Jnnose pork.

The Chinese h.>gs that we crencrallv «.on jn th'u
country come princij.ally from the viejnitv of Tanton
brought thenco as sea st(K'k. It is scandv to },e rev
gretted that this breed is not sufficientlv' hirdv to
thrive m our climate. Fn.m this circnmst.anee* wo
are compelled to limit the advantage.^ we mi-ht'oth
erwi.se derive from its intrn.hiction to crossin"^. with
our own coarser ilomostic hreeds of .swine F^.r ihi^
purpose it is truly vuhiahh>: and the improved race'
thus pro,Iuc(>d, IS infinitelv superior even to it^ Chi'
nese progenitor, the latter, in a p.ire 8tate. hein^ too
small, and hence answering rather for pork than ba
con, besides fattening oven A>o f^^.v,/;/. Both these
(d)iections are obviated in the cross, which hasfurth^
er theeflfect of restoring diminished fecundity — AV/7/
ardson on the Hog.

A nor. washe.l weekly with soa)) and a hrusi, mII)
be found to thrive, and put up Mesh in a ratio u{ at
least 0 to 3, in comparis.»n to a pig not so treated

TOE BlXyi. 8E SOW.

k

114

COMNirNKWTIDNS.

yi«KA*«W«

Cfoiiiinumration5.

M.u i ill liantuslcr County.
Mr. Editor:—! shouM like to h<m' more utti-ntluii
paid to the subject of Tnim/w/ :irHi t.;itin;il nriniircs,
by the practical farmers wlio wi ite lor the Journal,
than has y< t been given. \- It im t ].n.l::iM.> that
every large farm has, to a great « xtmt, within its
bounds the natural init. rial for its own f.Ttili/.ath.n

It ia not, howov* r, my object to folow out this nub-
jeet in (b-tail ; hut. in .annexion with Lime, Uypsum
and marl, whirh arc ihc cinrt Hunt ral manures us^^j^
to Htate a ta<'t relative to th.' latter. \shi.ii ihit r,y,
others, havin;^^ ni-r-- kii-a\ 1(m1m,. j,,,,i m^,, j^^^ ^^^^
puTMiil^, uji'in iuitiM'r in\' ~i J.u-in-'ii.

Ah'int a nionlli a;:o. s.iiip- wurkm.'i

1 ei

ne ul' the Su|»er\i'M.rH of KaM Lam(.eter Tuwiiuhip,

!

Ul 11. i^, I" »». ^'^"^ ....... one (j1 llie .^U|>er\ TMir^t Ul i.<i-i i ..luiju-u-i i

iival mat. rial for its own f.Ttili/.ath.n, J .^^ iliisCuntv, \n hlle (liggin- l-r tlu' iMuud
i<\\{ for and seient liieally ;i]i])lied .^ small hri'l'^c '>n the new road recently oni

,r properly sough

The p'iit or thr hhiek V(>getahh' (h'j.osit of thi
Mvamj.s and bottoms if carried to the exliaiistod up-
hinds- -the s(>dlnn'ntof (buns and streams, if applied
U) the surface of ncadow, after going througii the
compost h.-a]>^--<'N'-n the sand and gravel of tl»c l)ar-
n.n rl.lg"s, it mix-tl with the heavy and %vct surbice
of BtiiV fmhl- uivlrrlaid by imj.ervious yellow clay—

ationofi

small bri-l.:i<' '>n the new road reccjitly oponed from
(\rus Milhr's TaverTi, near the oast en<l .1" Wltwcr'n
liriibn', to Samuel Kanek's mill, eame uj.uii u l.-iiof
what I supposed, being then on the sp^t, tu he m:iri
Tlie only test at hand was some common an*! r.nt vcrv
stron*' vinegar. AVlu'u a portion was thrown iiunthij
acid, a strong, amllble, and long eontiminl cffcnef

of Btiir fmhl- unalrrlaid by impervious y.-llow clay | ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^.,. . .^.^.^ ufterwaris tl.o applicf.
all thcM- .hanges, and many more that might ^^'' | • ^,^ ^p,|^jt,.^ ^^,iphuric aei.l, of the dm- ^tur.- on<

named, would have th<« mosHH-mdhdal cifect. ^

-* The following artbde from Moore's /I'ji/a^ AVm?-
YorJxCr illustrates thi>^ idea:

MixiNT. Soils.— Some nine or ten yoars ago. m tl»e
nj.rlv T.art (d mv firming, 1 bad ..ccasion to derpm a
^v;ll uhout six or eight leet. The earth thrown ou
was a tenacious blue elay, just damp enough to cut
hitolumpH, and adhesive enough to nnnun so. A-

. .'. 1 11 il,, .... •..l..,li.li1.'llMT'''('(ll Till,

tion of diluted sulphuric aeid, of the dni;,' ^tur-^ one
part oil ofvitriid to s<'ven [larts wat.T) pm.ju ■• i tin
same result in a mueh more marked de^rco. Therf
:, -^gnQ dou^'^ oT tlii< <uhstancc l>eing marl— probaUr
what is called s/i'H marl.

When first thr..wn up, y^irt of it adheres together
in lumi>s, like stiiVelay, and ]>art fall-^ into — «

iuW lunipk and adhesive ouuu^h to ivmam s... Al- j .^^^^ j.^. , ^^.^^._,, , ,j ^^,1^^ it is a whitish -rey; u<
t«r finishinj; th« >^-«l^,_'''« :"1\'> ^^^ 'ri^' l^^^ 11 - 1 vhon f.-r days c.^.^ed to the ..n .,,.1 uir, Ucm,

when for days exposed to the sun and air, kwwei
as hard as stiff yellow clay under .iinilar oircuic-
stances. Its composition seems to be about en-thirti

farm was at a loss to know.where to h post i . iLn
in . . rare sandy knoll in one of tin- In his, which was

n,rt inaptly termed "personal property, ^-y;;^^ ^^^

i,. waited about by overy J-';'^'; . l'";;;';;;^;^;,,; a : nodules of stone, varying in h..> from that ni a r^
l!;:i^rri;r:;;rior: a':!n:' ^ l\:';::i:i:ngi;^;^^^^ l to a bun.. walnut,_and the rescue a gre,. ,.
it be d-„wit.M) tlH.iv in h.':,,.s, the same as , n,a- , _,,.^,,,^ „.^,ii^,. ,,„lven/.,Ml n, th.^ Iin-Ts, lr,.l> .Jo -
nuro. Thisua» ,n tlu- swrnm.',-. 1" ";>■ |.;' ' ' '" i, ,i,r' in a-i.!. a,ul cuMiainin^ littU- grit, lu^.tth.
lumps wore scattonM ..v.r ih.^ surla.r an.l l-'H.;" "I'' _^ ;;. ^^ ,. ,„,,.,, ,;r,is of the mass, ismarl ani isev.-

action of the rain and lr..t. In !,.■ 1"'"S '^"'^
found to have brokrn down, cTunilded and slaeked

ike lime These heaps were redueed and the elay ^^__, ,,^ ,

ovonlvsiiread over the surfaee. The held reeeived a ^ „, ,„ow color, with fjenerally a drf

"- Hu:::i.:r^t:c:; -:l^;:;;d^i:",:::r;l : : m ... .J., aro,,.. whie,. the peu^e ...

p,as 1 hat win r ti > 1 ^^^ ^^j^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Huecessive lamintiaon.

portion, or two-thirds of the mass, is marl and is eri-
d.Mitl v composed (d' the remains of shelN. On boi|
broken, the nodules present a clean shin in;: fracture

have been formed by successive lamintiaon. I

This deposit— which was struckat about thrwie;
from the surface, and penetrable about two f.ctu;:^
out reaching the bottom-is situated about mh.

rk(»'lS 1 nai NViM-ie 111' V ...^j • " 11 .

\;''U, St and most vigorous ^-rowth, ol any other

rt of "the held, In the fall it was sown with rye,

seeded with titnothy and clover. Ihe rye as

•:'',„ :>. the clover was n,u, h more vigorous and heav^

.. th-.t th-Lu on any other part ot the neia. m , reaeim.^ ^-- -— - ...

the present day. . , ^„.^ f„_ icw yaius ... ^ it^^jubiP

Ilivin"- experienced s.ich beneficial effects from
.niVinV cTav iith sand. 1 was afterwards induced to
Sv what effect send would have ..n arather retentive
nr The garden al Three l!i)ls Karm ,s a s ttff clay
Tot. resting on a tenacious clay sub-soil rather .n-
clb^^o ' o moisture. The s,.eond year alter I p.i^
1 1 ♦,.o\, r,osses8ion of t, I caused a coat ol
"'■ T frt^swl'^" t ".es in depth, to bo put on

r Of r« oar "-l.ich was spad,!d in with the ma-
nure and 1 'ad the satisfaction to w.tncs.s the most

Kra if;^ g and bappy results -the crop on that s,,uare

^M far superior to any other .n th. garde^. h.m^

ThTn i have caused over five hundred oned.orse car

toads of sand to be put in the garden, and the effect

is stUl visible, although the sand has disappeared.- ^

Poole.

few yards norm oi i. luu^. = ....-„■

found on the land of Henry Layman and the l^

ber, and without doubt extends into that of tbebtt

of Michael Mct/.gar, deceased.

1 have no doubt of its being good shell n.aA«-^^

as little of its value as a manure. 1 he on v'l ^
is, whether it will be found in suffic.cntbo.lj'o

the cost of opening ^^'" -'^ --'' .'^'f'^..
whether this be the case or not .n tin ^, ^
instance, the presence <>f -en a small Ip^
one po.nt in the county, would sc..n, t-nJ

exist' neo at other localities, tn P™!''^';; ^" i,
tltj • and should cause observant farmers

f7i^iii-ili¥^i8#i^taiai^ifei#iN^^^^ •■'

j^j^^t^

TIGHT BINDING TEXT GUT OFF

r(»MMT^\I(V\TT()\,q

1 1.1

< iiKlvallon „(• ToinatorN.

Mil MhiT..!; : .Sji,..,. ,|,,, ,,„,.,. ,j,.^pl,,.,i |, ,„,,,.,, )^.,^

grown to he a general ravo!-i(.«. a remark or 1^SM,
tending tt. pn.nu.te its succchsful gn^Mh and e;,rly
nponing may perhaps riot prove nrdnf.r.sjln-. l\,'r
"ciny years I have enl!l\at.d thi. deli-htiul and
wiiulesome veo;etable, h.nin- r,,rMed a partiality fur
itj"n-b.d:.re it hecjunc R(, L'eiif r:t] aCavurif.'as ip.w

so gent' r;i

loae sight of a now or strange looking substance,

without attempting to bnrn its (|ualities and uses.

I send you a lump of this substance for inspeetion

and analy.«is, by some one with more skill than my-

iclf. ^ 'I'll... II, I'm k HOWES.

Lanrastrr, Jnnr, 1852.

A^iicuUura! \ui.sunce8, \(». Hi,
THORNY CLOT-IIUR, i'UK K I.K V f'f,OT-ll( 1! . iir K jir ISTLE.

Xanthiumstrnmnriun,, /.nu,. , a,el am lully ^:,t,^-re.d ih:,; m.^t -d' (he impn.ven.ents

Its genern- name 1. th.nved f,,,,,, ,]„. (;,.,,,|, j:,;,. i,, its culture. MiLr-.M...] p^^. ,|„„,. ^,|„, .,,,j,,,,r .p,,;.

Mo5, yellow: hreau-e it was used, a. rding to An- runs of seein- their nane> iti print, an- in fact no

tho8,todi.> tiie hairy.dlow. P,.ilanists have fuinel improvements at all. To-day a ndbrmer in the art of
ponicdilficulty in Hnding the ]o-oper plaee Ihr this culti\ ating them, tells us, that the tonnito flourishes
plant. Liniia'us, in hi.s Artilitdal Sy tem, phieed it no w here so w.'ll as in the v<Ty p<,orest soil. To-nn)r-
in his 21st cla^s, .I/-/o/v,V/, and oth onler /V,<A,//. /,•,„, row another witli equal pr'rtinaeitv, assures us a

deep, rhdi loam is <leeidedly the he.^t. A third ad-
vices the pin.diingoir of the side -.(..ms as rajihllv as

but it is now genf<rally put in the ITlh (dass Si/njnu
sia, ;ii;d bh orih'r /'n/i/i/mniii Xcce.s^ariir.

Ill the Natural System alnio.st e\,.ry writer has as- thev appear. N..w for my part, I have foun'd, afte
pi^rned it ;i new .situation, hut Torrey ^V (irey In their I f^<»»i>e fifiofu years cultivation, that soil <d a mid.llin.'
Flora of -N-rth America have {.hicetl in it th-ir Tlih 'p'-'^''^.^ nt.t only pro.hices the tliriftitjht vines, hut tin;

.f fi 1', ,..•..,! <■.•>,;♦ . ..,,.1 I I

oave learned nioreovcr,

jXHiinfa, and under !)Ivislon, Amhrnsi(hr, where it ' ^''''^^ ^'"' p'tudnni: off <>{' the side stems, »^-e., while it

appears to pr-'pifly h<dong.

may jM.ssihly hring the fruit to a sicklv, deci

1}'"^'

Nine species are known, two of these are n.Lli\es rmiturity a l-w days earlifT, a!s,» ^/\\,-s it an unph-as-

of the Tnitcd States, jmr the one under consideration

id a native of the south of Kurof.e, where it is a vile ^^'^ leaves of the grape vine, tu -i\, t

=1"' acidity. i'i-uning tomat».es, likf cuttiriL^ awav

lio chistei- ;i

petit in<ieed. It was first introduc.ti int.. the- e,mn-
try in the South, from wlieiice it has extendeij itself
in every direction. In Im^O, it made its apjiearan

chance to see the sun m-ire fVfou.'ntl v and for a jtai"-
er time.i.s a \iohifion ol' on«; u\' nature's laws, .and as
sufh cannot but he attended with bad results. Here

in Pennsylvania near Philadcdphia ; in 1>:;.'), it was ''' '"^ 1'''^"' which is natural and ctHiseipnaitly si

in-

foiin'i ill (•liMvt..M- county ; in Ispi, | j,,iind it in the
vicinity of W'ri-iit-villc. York county, and now it is
found along th- river as high up as Clinton e.aintv.

Its ohno.xious (diar;icter is hut little remote from
th'^tanada Thistle, i;,r whi,di it has h.M-n mistaken.
1: .-Tmws thr. c or fair le(,'t high, and is rrundi hraiudi-
'-• J he leav<'s are om; to three in(dies long, one-
•■'urrli to three-fhurths of an imdi wi<le, v;:,'^ shaped
Vut tap'Tiiig to a jMMnt; the upper surface is pah'
green; the under surface covered with short iiairs (d
aj^rcy color. Tli.> foot stalk is sliort, on riudi shle
"<"^^J'i.di is a three r>rked spin(;, each about an in.di
lun^, and very sharp, of a j>a!r sfrmr color.

The sterile an-l hrtile flowers occupy different
heads, which an'stditary in the axils of theupptr
leaves, the hea.ls nearly the shape of a guin(>a's egg,
^'^itHinall, covered with hooke.I prickles which ftumi
a rou^h hur. Th(>se burs often get into the fleece of
"hoep during winter, and almost, ruin it. The whole
plant is extremely objeetionalde atel rpiite difficult to
^radicate, if not prevented from p(Md(H-tine; its seed.

IS. however, on annual, and if kept mowed doun,

'»' H f"w years disappear, but a great coarse thor

'' ' ^"'"' f'''t hi;di, iiroducini;: thf)usands of

j''^^ ^ requires some energy to be kept in subjugation,

'^'^ et It be promptly eradicated whenever it first

^nxontilU, Centre co., Pa,

plo. and by pnrMiing it steadily, I fin<l that my to-
mitees are ju~t as early as those lailfivated by some
id my n 'ighhors upon the iinpro\e(l phms.

My plants are -Town in a, cold fr.imc I sow them
thin in or<Ier that the plants mav ;;r(>w stI■or1'^ If
hy ( hance they are sown too thickly in one spot, I
thin them out at once, while they .are very small. —
This gives me stout, stocky [)lants whi-.di do not re-
(Miire to be transplanted into other frame.s to strem'th-
"U, ami lose liy the trans[ilantii;g all they have ;4ain-
ed in the frame. So sotm as the weather will atlmit,
I set th' m out on the south sitle of a (d:jse hoard
fence, pl.inting them (juite close to the fence. Thi.s
gives the branches the bc-'nc-Ht of the warm sun near-
ly the whole (lav; wdiile tin; roots penetratiii"- t(, the
coitl moist soil on the nortluTu side of th(! feiic" take
up the food necessary for the Mist.iiaiee . f tlic jila.it^
reatlily ami rapidly. So soon as tln^y are too large
to stand \Mthout assistance, 1 lay ssme hni !i in (rt.nt
of them wdii(di k^eps them from tfie ground : and
from the fact <>f their being planted on the S(ait)iern
side id' the feiic<-, tln^ br.amdics all te.'id southward,
tlius giving tim fruit t.'ie heu'dit id a full ex[)osnre to
tin warm son. By this simrd'" plan, I se(Mire large,
\V(dl flavored and early tomatoes. Thoroutjh lioein"
every two or tliree days Ih far better tlian p.Inehing
off the leaves or branches. E. A. Stilling.

Lower Dublin iwp., Monttjomery co.

II

iir,

COMMUNICATION.^

tljo ruta-liiiga b<!in<^ less 8ul>jcct to decay thau anj
ill. r viirioticH of tin? turnip.

(»i thi

to

111 ct'ii'-'lti'lii'^; ill'--'' r'liiiuk-. 1 N\ill iiiiT. iy advcr;
a ff'W of tlio adNMiitau^os Mlii.h ...ur farmers

The Ruta-Baga or Swedes Turnip.

Mr. Editor: It has frequently bmi a Hourcc of
surprise to mo that greater attention has not been

given to the cultivation of the Ruta-Ba-a in Penn- u- .• .

svlvania I have observed in several fnrni.r xuu.^- ' avouM d m.vu hum u.' exUn.ivc cultivation of thi,
bers of' the Journal, that you have pressed the mat. | cnt U N-aves the gronr.l in a clean state a-kira-
tor upon the attention of your readers, but thus far, blv ..Uyuu^ it to the en,, whieli is to ioll.w. I,
I th seemingly little efr<.ct. In ealliu, attenti<m to those sections o our Sate, .Inch are conceded
U^iect, I lave not the vanity to suppose that any ! to be amongst the best sheep growm, d.tnct,

L^'n lybe able to say in behalf of 1... ).,. in U. mi;..,! _M.p th. nna-l.i,a ..iM
Sure, J h.ve anv greater .m.-t. than .hat y.u tamlv pr..v an invah.abl.. . n,- A.au. ..... ,,,

W a rea<lv sai-l. bnt . ''.oiMant dropping .vars iarni.r li.s to d^p'-'l -'tin-ly upon Ary f 1 f. ,„

iiw.i\ Monos, fill 1 .,,„.„..,,,„. iirr K,, strunu; aua h.allliv :i« wh.n th.vlKiv,. an

tinn ul ma laiiuors tci till- niij...ru;i.t Mili^iL't iii.U .It '•'■'" ■ " ,''.,■ i i ' ,

"""'"' ■ 1 ,v i iiliiiiiilaiit supplv ..I sun-uli-iit f 1. Mi-li as il„. run-

leiiKth havo thu acsired fll.-t. | tl.Vv .uissess fattier,,,.!: .,.. ili.i,.. i, j.-

own imi-ression k tl.at .n a. ht..., t. tl„ la,t ha. . .^^ |, ^.^^^

no crop taken from tl.csoU loaves U n. h,.., ..l,.,„n - .li' .-• ^ ^.^^^^^ _^ ^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^^^ _,^ ,^^ ._ ^^^1^^^

for the sacoeodinK one, .t un|,ans t. >t a.s„. a Mnjru- _ __^^. ^ _,^^^. ^^^ _^,. „,,. ,_.„_,,„.„ i,„j,„,,a,,,.,.. Th.farm.
lar degree of fertilily. 1 m-.^y U nw '»- "' .lu-^ ■'" ^^^^^ ,„l,ivat,.< tun,i,,« for his stock is enaUed to

my own experience has tanght me to kno«. .hat tl„ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^_ ^ ,^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ,^.^ cattle, but ;rl>«

crop succeeding the ruta-l,asas. ahvays a^.-ar- tu .i- ,^ ^ ^ '^^^^^ ^^^^^^_ • ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ __.^^ ^ ,.,^._^ n.am.ro hop,
better tlian any other on my lam, 1' '''iM- < "' '"- ,,,„, ,,„„„:;„„,„iv, ,l„. hatililv .f hi. s.il. -lune ii
crca»edfertilitymaybeattnl.iur.lt.. ih,-ta,itl,at 1 ^^^^^ ^^^^ __j|^ i„ ^vhi.•l, tl... .a,.a-l.> /a ^h^.uM l.-sow.,

art or middle of JuIt.

It' .'ariv i>

I

always leave a considerable portion of the tumii- in

the ground during the winter, for the use of my

sheep, thus creating a large amount of vegetable

matter, the dccompositicm of whicli a^l^lM.ui.b to the

fertility of the soil, parlleularly nvIi^u, f u^ ahvays
should be the case) this large supply .d' N.-.tald'
miitter is made available as a fertilizer by iIp' appli-
cation of a moderate dose of lime.

But apart from any advantages the ruta-baga cr .p
may be to the soil in which it isgrouu. ili> iv ai >■ oth-
er and lar more iii>i.^rtant con.MtU:ralluiis in favor of
its general i-uUivati^n.

It Is a wtll kii .v.n faft t!;at pivvious to tht' ^-^t^'^^- \''i|'^',"JiV^\a;uu^^^^^^^^ ^vidl cultivatt'd smh -^~-

sive cuirnal-.a. td' tl..« r-.t cn^ps in Kngland, tliat ^^.j^ produre heavy erops,-from ^"•;:.^'t liun.lre. Ho f

:::„try.a.s„p,.-.M .. ha.,, r ; 1 t,. ,..„,.. ;;;; < ;— l,^;-!;:^^ ':;:[.:-;,!;:!::i '^

limits of its capatdty lor supporting rattf: ^'^^V ;;;;;\,j. ;,, ^,,Uuro is muclMiuT.-a^^'d lyM-ar.luU
that subsequently, it has been >atisfa.tonly proNon, ,,;,,,^,,,^.,, ^,,,,j,,rati..i .d' th. soil, 'l''"' .-''''"'"^^
that with the aid of the turnip its ca]Kicity in this ^ ^^., ^,,,,,,,,i ,..,,- ^Y'^^y-''^\^^^\^;^^ ^^^

in liiH' tilili, vithi:

^^..^^^^^^^, mould ahnvo tli'-undir

a want of manure sufficient to krq. tlndr soil in good ' |;;;.|',;p:'„i'." Fin,,,,„ .,, t^vonty load> .d_w.ll ruit^-
tilth? If by the almost universal IntrtMlu.-tlon of ,„anuiv -li<;uM ^''l *'4d''/V'^ ^'' '^\' j\"'] ',';.,7,'. iMvcll io

though many I'l'^hT 1
In the Uural N«-w V-rk.a- .d'duno ITia, I tindan
oxrelloiit iirticle on tla- .ailn^ati-n nf th*' nita-haga,
wliich might aid .--oni.'Nvhat in ct.nvincin- y-ur n'id-
,.rs (d" tho utiliiy of tho crop, ami thf faM' with
whhdi it may ])•' < uhiNiLtotl.

W'lsfufjrddnd co.^ Pa.

Cri.TlVATToN or RITA I'.A'l.V^.

Ariel. m.dh-A--.il !■< r...pnrod.— thry .l"li;:lit in
deoi» sandv moulds, and ncNv ground, -ni-swar..
' „r clov'r iVvs. arr Widl suit(Ml to tluar pn.diuti.n-

that with the aid of the turnip it.s ca].acity m tins ^ | ,, ^,i,„,,„i ,rv\ df^ply, ami ii

mrticular has been more than trebled. Does not this th> u th.uou^^ihly l;^"'--^y.;:;": '
particular iia-i u . ^ .1 ^y ,oel cultivator until it is

fact speak volumes to those who are complaining of |J>^^^^ ^^^^^^ .^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^^.^ ^^

a want of manure sufficient to kr.'|> tht ir soil m good ^^^^.^ ^,,| ^,„, V]r^rrn or t^v.'nt^

tilth'' If by the almost universal Intr.Mlu.-tioii of manuiv -li<aiM l.<> a]tpliod to a j^ ^vcll ic

turnip cultivation into KngiaiM J,..., ..v,."rM,^,h.ha.,^

porting cattle have boon increased in the i-atio of , , , ^^,,,,,,j ,„.,,,f,, j^ehe^ apa.|^"JP*

three to one, why may not the same results folhnv, m ^^^.^^ ^^-^^.^^^ ^,i ,iio t,uani.ty . 1 inaumo j^, ;||^^^^^j^^^.
the United States^ They would as certainly follow, ^ tlmn .-over with tho pLw. ^^^^^^l^J ,f,.:p. '^,,^\;^
as that summer fVdlows spring. I -l^ 'l;;;!!^ ^JiZ^uZ'^^ d^ It.) on the u^^

The earlincss and severity of t.ur nn imLts hasb-vn ^■,,,,,,,\^ if ,,,u havo m. d.all a |""; * ;^." ^^^^^^

- • ■• ^' boiitaninth.lf.p..M thotop.d tlKtn .

antiti'

repeatedly urged as an objection to the cultivation of| about an i,,. h •'•;!; •■'" 'j' '",''.;,,„,;, .„.\ui. «i*-
J ruta-baga. But this objection I cannot deem a j ..ee so.n fr,,m the^ hand, o. a ...
valid one, as they have ample time to mature before ^ ^^ ^^^^^^j , ^y}^^ ^^^ carelullv covered ""'"^;^J^
the cold weather sets in, and if buried in pits or j, ,„a„„re is spread l)road-east, it '» "^ (iceJ-

stored avN-ay in cellars, -.»ith the pi-operUegrec oi ven- to ndg.! the gro.i.iu, .j. .. •" ■ . j. ^n acre-
tilation, they vviU keep well during the winter ; About one pound of seed is suffiuent

to ridge the ground though it is^often ]

1':

r.O 1

) :

'■< 'MMiAir vr|()\S.

1 17

Wbpn the plants come np thev should be dusted
vith linic, ashes or soot, whitdi !i..r ..nly !«<«i^ts their

.\pi»lcs ini- >u ilU',

^hi. Tj.itor:- A^ fhcro is fair prospootof nn al iin.

jrrowtli, hut serves as a partial pinir, ti,.n liomin-
>rt.'«. If ti»<' fly is lik<dy to be \rrv ini ui'i. .u-- a '^'"'^ '''""!' "* ''I'l''''^ ''' i" ^'''i»^"". ' h.' a-i;;ii n ,n >

sprinkling of fish oil in said to be a p-rlfct jji-o-

tection.

The cultivation should ]»e similar to tlat (»f car-
r-.ts, itc, — careful and th<»r.>ii-'i. t., th- utt.'i' (h'>tnii'

IM'

question, whctluTth- s du ur dtniot contain falimlng

qualities in a sufficient degrco to rond'T tluan p.rt.fita

hlo as food for swine, is entitkd tn,, passing (M^nsi^lcr-

tion of all weeds and grav^, ;ind k.M.ping tlu; soil | •^^'""- ^'•'^''"'^''f''f''"i'''^^^iii v.'-.ird {■ .|h. ir \ nhic havo

nxdlowand^ opt-n to tlio inthi.n,-' ..f nir, rain an-l ■ hr.,.n ].iihii,sh(Ml {r..iii tiuif t.. tini.' • hm rn. d-fimte

Hinf^liiue. TIm' plants >ii.uld hi' thiiin.d in till' r-\N ^ fl v.., !,,,.» 1, ,1 r ,- , 1 • .1 •, , , ' '.

to alu.ut eight inches apart, s,. that th.v mav ,,^,^, '' ^■' '^ "'■''""' "^ ' '"'l"' ^"..^ tli.n. m.^t avadahh' has

full room fif they will.) tn :ittain that diainotrr. If P'*'^ '""^ "■'^' -'>'^- '^'''''" ='" ''M"''''"'" 'd' s.-v.-ral
the sord laiN to rem." up in sonic placc> tho jdaiits ."^ ' •^'"^- ' '''i^'' '■'■iin' to th" c.in.hi-ion that althon-h
iniivb'" iran^planl.'.l fn.ni tin- thh-k.-r p..rti..ns, and ' tlwy p.»ssess fatt-aiing .pi-diii..^, thev do not '.oss,>.s

tli''ni m a siiflici.Mit (h-rrc to warrant ih.- a>s.a-t;oii

ifd.mcvii^h caro in damp weather, they ^vill mak
ii'i ."jiiil LTi'Wth with the others.

T!i" rata hauM should ho hai'v.'st<'(l hfdoro froo/iii"-
w.'iitli'T. th 'Ugh flight fr.»sts will not hurt them. -
Tiit'V may l^' ki'jit in ctdLirs. lairriod in pit<. nr ctx-
(TO'i ^^if!l ^tr;rA- ami earth in lieaps, in tin- ji.-hl, aiitl
if pr''p.'!l\ .Imiic, an.l vontiiation allowo.l, will keep
with"ii' ditii.aihy thr.mgh tho winter. I'\tr lato win-
ter uri'i ^-I'lin- r.'.MJing til "y arc "just liie article." —
Jiiiral Xcic Yorker.

i»i'»I«« aii«i Looking CiiuNSCK.

that <ih>iti\ they can )).■ u-c.l with Mirf.;>s In i'attcnin"-
iiogv;. IIm-^ will X. 111. •limes thri\.' w.'ll up.ai th.-m,
;i><d at ofli.a- tim.'.> will lo.v." llo.-li if cinllncl t.) tie m
'■X'du vi\ c! V as f. .. m].
Thr.'c ycar> -inc.', having an ahuiehint ci'.ip. 1 ..ai-

' hid.'il \n tr-t th.ir \aliic a> [\hh\ in \arious wavs.

Fii-^t, 1 ti-h d tleaii in their natural .state, as they
came fr.-.m tho orchard. For a short time the hogs
devour. d til. Ill greedily; but T v.,.,n f md .ail (h;if
ih-'V tired id" til- 111, and ilia t e\ > n w h. n i!;.'v at.- th' an

I ic'Xt tiir.'W t liem intu

m ist grcodilv, (lid lea tin !\

Mk. Khrmi;: A j.aragraph wdihdi had its origin

ROniewhcFf in the ila-t, has heeii gi.ingiiic r.aimls.d'i

the papers, in whiidi the .vidtcr str<mgly rccoinmen.ls

th" use of looking glasses for the purpose of fright- ^'"' hogsheads in wliieh my slops were kept, permit-
ting them to remain there for several days before us-
ing: by which tifm> many of them (especially those
partially decayed wle n thn.wn in) \\. r.- w.dl -atiira-

niu),' birds from fruit trees. Having a number of

young cherry trees, (in bearing this season for tie • first

time,) and bnin:r v.^ry desjr.ai^' of a^certainim'- the

character of the t,„it\hev l.av. I tri.'d ^everafdevi- i '"'^ .•. ith the -h,p-watt r. Tie y w..re tlea. f..! : hut the

ce« to frighten awav th"- hir.N, who were ,,,,|,i,,,J ^'-^'^ <^"J ""t thriv.> any ],...t..r than h..r.,re the apph^s

t.rrihle havoc amongst them: hut all mv att. aunt" ''"'' ■^■"'■" •'"■'"• ^ ''""" '■'••"'-^ ^^ '"'"l-'-'i'-.v '-H-r it)

were failures. M haigth the locking -hi"^- rene'dy '''"!■'' ^'"' "'''!'""^ ''"'" l'''^^*='^^'"»i^^'^ ^^itli about one-

,r.qo tl.nii.rlif /.r ... I •, I r ■ ,■ . ' hali" the .piann!\- -d" ea II neal I uMiall v f.'d t Ic kogs.

wa^tlumglit ot, and tpute a number ot i>iec..s oi bru- , r,,, , ',,-,, -, ' ^

ki^n lonl'ino. rrlnva ,^f ,r 1 ' 1 ffM M" "^ wll'dc \\ a - tieri h-iLd, until (li- aiad.^s were

Kt.n looking glass Ot goo. l size was proeure(|. Those' . .

I Bnor.nr, 1 J ., 1- • • ■ ^"1' <aeaie-h to lie hr..ken. hv stirriii"- — fh"V h.'iii" .d"

1 suspcntle.I as per direction, m ^arl.als i. arts of , ■,. , „,, . . ' , •

rhfvfpnn. (■,♦■*!• 1 , , ^'''' •^""'' kind. llii,> mixture was then f..l m th

trie tree>. fastening them m sindi a manntr that the .-. n , • , , ,,

gi-),. . 1 ,. „ ,1 ,, ,w . same (piantity a.- th.' meal mixnir.' alone, liad h^'eii

sli;rlit-t kree/.' w..uM eau^.Mheiii t.. turn. Ilavin- , ,..,-,.,,,

irrrtnm.a fi 11 -11 , , ^ lormerlv. On this li>.)(i the ho'/s I'rew ar-'er and

arranged th. Ill all very nieely, ] sat down umler a , ^, . ,., , " , . ~

latter, ^.l)^ervlng wjindi, J ]»ersevered m it until

killing tlni.', w h< n 1 fhuml tlean in ipiite as g.i.i.l e. n-

1^' ijlik.iriiig tree {nr the purpose <d" enioyimrtlie ter-
"'■'''■ in^-lit in vt,,re h)r the little feather.Ml thieves.
Iresently a male roldn ali,-lite(l on one of the tree^,
and much to my surpri... aiel (diagrin. j.roceed-d a

ditiitn, 1 think, as J e.aild have had tlean hv feeding

tluan in tie' u-ual way. i'>y thi~ plan I savcl .aie-

lolsiirolirK .1 '] 'i , ' . ' , hair niy ct)rii m-al at tic exp..ii-- .d' the wood ne-

'tisureiy to pluck a cherry, as though no such th no- i ^ . i -i .i i u, , , '

• •- •^' " " I cessarv to boil the apples. W letle r aii\ tloii- was

as looking glasses were lianging aroun 1. \ hhnd;
Jjird came next, and h.llow.d the exam]. le -d" the
^^*c robin, aiel imm.'liately after him. a small !lo.jk
of those arrant thieves— cherry hir.N. Had (^ich
f^no taken a cherry and with it hi- .hparture, I
fould have borne it, but the scamps instead of acting

u% perched themselves near the finest clusters, and
selecting the ripest, comne nc -tl perking tie ni most

nniercifully^ the looking gla.scs to the contrary not-
withstanding. Seeing this, I gave up in despair,
^ifnily convinced that either the birds in our vicinity
^t*re not easily frightened, or that the looking glass
^■^penment was a humbug. *

"IS IS the farmer's busy season.

.sa\cd h_\ the ex[>ei'im. nt, 1 am le.t prepai-'d to say,
as I ki pt no account (d'the wo-nl hiiriieij. I-V^au tJie
above exp rliieait I am induced to h.ji. ;.■ tk.ii ;ipplcs
in their natuiid oi- raw state, do not possess suflicient
nutrition to fatten swine ; but that if stoaiiKMl or
boiled, and mixed witli meal, they may be used to
ad\antago, provided wood is not too high \m jiriee.

KoIU.iii TvJiON.

Wcatniordand Co., Jane 18, 1.^52.

A TiCtter fvinn Untler ("(iuii1\.

Mr. Editor : — Our farmers have at length become

aroused to a sense of the importance of taking a step

in advance of the old liisliioned mode of tilling the

soil. This has long been needed in our county, and

118

COMMr\M(^\'ri<)NS.

V

n.Y

T

is none the less gratifying because Hom^-what boljiiw
our eastern brethren. " Poor Butler" is the title usu-
ally given our country, and I am led to indulge the
hope that efforts which are now making will r(-ult
in the permanent establishment of those principles
upon which successful agriculture ahme can rest,
ani the redemption our character from the stigma

which hangs upon it.

The system heretofore pursu(Ml in this section of
country, has been that familiarly known ;ls t li.- " M< i n
ning system," or in other word-\ takinix •'vrry tliln-
that can be got iV-m tlie soil: :ui.l r-turnio- as litth-
(IS pos.<iM.' to li. For !i mnulMM- of y.';,r> natuiv
y.\ukoA at ill' ^'' i.hin.l'Tln-s Imm h"V >tnr.'s, and
good iiaturcdly Mip^rh-.i tlx' l.in..;rv d-inand. s^.loug
n^ sho had the i^.w.-r; huL at lon-th wurird with!
the unrcasoiiaM- demand^ made u|m.?i Ii.t, s]i<\ \n
common parlance, -shut (I.uik" and now <.ur lar- |
mers are comp(dled to ad(»pt such mcaMirr- a^ will
serve to repair the error into w!ii.-1i tli.-y hav.- lall.'n.
These remarks will not of .muvx" :m.p1v t . nil. as wr
have some excellent farmers in our county, v. h. i-r
a series years have been laburin-, and successfully
too, on the proper yd an.

The first step towards improvement in every de-
partment of life, is to discover that we have
been acting upon wrong principles. Having learned
our error, we are striving to correct it. ^^ • !ia\ • d.
termined to deal more lalrls wiili in.-ilur cartli, \>\
restoring at least a portion «^f the good thin-s of
which we have been robbing her: fully euuNine.Ml
that she is of a forgiving spirit, and will not -ive tlio
»'ccld shoulder" to our efforts, llopin- that th-
more general introduction o{ tli' ranndoumul wdi
serve to help us in our good resolves. 1 am Vimrs,

TlIOS. d. I. AVION.

Scrub Grass. Ih tJ^r (''>., /'/•

'' Persevrriuxln oiitni'i /■///'•/■/." fri<>nd L;\vton. (I'^t
your Socloty into th.> hands nf .Mit-rprisin- nim.
though there be hut half a do/.-n^-m-n who are not
afraid to undertake a -reat relorni, and lia\in-- hav-
ing undertaken it, will see it thn-n-h. " Then- is a
better day coming" for agriculture In 1', im^ylvania.
and its light, we trust, will be shed as fully upon
»*Poor Butler," as you term your e.ainty. as nj..>n
any Other county. lutrudueeLhe Farm dournal, and
you shall have the benefit of the experience our best
farmers, as well as of our own feeble efforts in your
behalf. Let us hear more frequently from you, ni-
forming us what progress you are making.

U in X

tiiiriv (djoi(!e specimens — Ijohelia racein>sn
])lant seen f«>r the fir>t time ; a fme an 1 \\, n gr,^^^
speciiii'Mi of tlie CujJini jdatyreuha, .i lar^e\4p^
jKintliUs umhdidtus, i/<>ii</ora mundata, fiirkiiajf\iy
variety, select Vrrbcnas, (leranitnns etc; vl\>,. hh tjj.
er euttlower of the famed Viet..ria re^ia, and mant
of the night blooming cereus. From Frederick Un-
iij^s — a tine plant of Allamanda cathariica, CUrt
dni'liinn dtvoniense, Cf/rforeras refiexa, Jinjuniat,
Hij'h-anjpaHy Arhimenes, Clo.nn'ms^ ui "

]952d

EDTTOBTAL.

no

> :oi alx^ut 2

dozen s]MM;imens. I'roni Ivoh.rt Ihii t- -j
choice lanev Coraniunis, tine iMi.hsijis, IV-tu
Angeloiiia. "ilondeletia, to;:;etlier nrarly tNv.-nty plants
llaahe's tahje cnntainrd nune'roa> <■■■■''

-many
iniaft,

IN'ter

><i'i

i

Ylu

IDg

(1

' I > I

Pennsylvania Ilurticultural Society.
The stated meeting of this society cerurrrd on
Thursdav evening, June 15th. 1«:V2. in the (Mnnese
Saloon, Philadelphia. Dr. A\ . 1>. i>rin> kle, \ . 1 .,
in the chair. The Exhibition on this occasion ^yas
very interesting and the displav excellent, consisting
of four large ccmtributions of green house plants—
an extensive display of Strawberries and Cherries,and
two long tables of forced Vegetables. The collec-
tion of plants from C. Cope's houses contained some

V<'rhenas reniarkaltly tine and chi/u-e.
(h'signs, Uakets and r>M<juets, by dohn Miller ^^'uni.i,
er t(7<h^^>l>e, Itohort Kilvingst(»n and otlicrs, w, r
verv ^howy. The fruits, however, werr the uura
tion and (leridrdly tempting ; the disj.lay of S'rav
ii.'n-ics from dds. S. Loverings's has not h-vu sir-
j.as-ed <.n any former ocea<ion, e<.nsistin<: 1 1' the

b.wa, liurr's Pine, Kren<>'s and Ihivey's S llinjjs:

from (lerhard Schmit/, another setMllin;:; nf n\rrit,
tine in tlavor, large in si/.e and rieh in th'j.lliiif , .ilor-
in'^ he ha> named it the " PeruiNvlvania : uii>l trwm
C.ropo'stine llovey's Seedling. Clierrieswere t«hown

li. Baxter, Mrs. d. 1>. Suiith, and T. \\ •hun-sthe
May duke \arietv, and IvMheri (\.rn.'rnis tl" \\W^-
ine; heart varh-tV. The. tahles ..f \ (-^'..taMcs ^^.-.^
from ('. ('o])e's and K. ("orneiius' gardens aiM v, r
creditahh- to their -avd. n-rs.

Premiwni- awarded w ero as fidlows :
By the Committee on I'hmt^ and fiowers : Pkn/i
/// /;o/.v, for the h.-t aTid most inter.-tin<x onll*Hnion,
to Thos. M.-ehan, gardener to C. Coi.": for tli" sec-
ond he>t, to .hihn Pollock, gardenerto Frrl. i, r.nip
for the third h"st. to Wm. Mrlnto>h, iurtjuian t«

K,.h<'rt liui-^t.

/iu'jn^f drsn/n : i'or tie- hc^t, to dohn .Mil!-r,|rsr
Irner to dos.'S. i.overin-: lor the sec<.ii'l h'< tfl
fho^. Meehan; for the hot hand IV'^iH-t. t^ ;.
same: f.,r the best formed of indigenmi^ t!e\\.TS,W
the «5ann' • /^'^/.' ^ f-'i" the best formed ot iUt H -^^
to Kobt. Kilvingt.m, tor the'Jnd b.>st to Thn>, M-^-
han ; and for the best f .rme<l of indi-eimus Huw-rs
to tin' sanui ; and a special premium (d two dnllars,
to Peter Kaabe for a tine display of ^';:'^^^;^^'''^'.
nas-an.l notice a number (dM.eautiful fowors^
the ni-ht l)looming eercHis, and a new P»=;"\™
J>h,irr/n, srfnsa, grown from California .-eed by ^>in.

lIo})son. ^^ - . f„_iki

l'>v theCommitr n fruits: S'rn,rh^mf^J<^^

1...M', the'-P.nn>vUania" to ( Jcrhani Mnn.tz:J;T
the second best, the llov. n's see.ll.n<i, to Jo in .-
l,,,pn-doner tod. S. hovering. ^ '^^'^'^^ ^'^ ^^'^_
the Mav duke todan.e< Uisset, ^'j^''^'^^ ^V 1 I
Dunda^: for the second best, the Mav '^''^'^ ' .^ '
B. llaxt.r. The Commtttee observe the .^truul>e.n«
were remarkablv hue and <.l great -i/c- .

Bythefonnnltt n Vcgetahtes: ^ e!!^!^'';^

the best displav by a private -ardeuer to » '":.■

I 1 . ,. t (' (V^no- t hr the second De»^"

han, gardener to * . ' opt. ni .

Thos. Moghran gard(>ner to ivobert ( "'""'' ^.^V

On moti.a, ord.:;ed that 1 »'"irP;t- ^'-l^;;;: .^
Society in tin-' National AgruuturaM-^^^^^^

aboutioeo.vcneintln.eity of Naslnn^^^^^^^

pointed: uhentheChMU-nane.d ' ''' ''' 1 ^UrC,
hers- Messrs. David i-andreth, Pr. 1^'^'^\; .,|.»
.John PrhM. Wetherill, Uobert llobinson bcott, Uf
ton B. Rogers, and Thomas Hancock. ^^

Four resident members were elected, un
T 1 Tuos P. James, acc. <^>^

adjourned. j.uo&. j-.w^* >

Agrrjts.
TiTE Fakm Journal may )..• h id at tho fMll.iwiio

pl;icf»s : —
W. H. '/'U.nrn, South 3d St., princi]..il a-^nt

Pliil:nlelj>hia.

Lancaster, Fa.

i»r

W. II. Sl'ANOl.ER,

]]. F. Sj»an(;i.f.r,
Gfo Her(;ner,

,1. K. >nKVocK-,

li, \\. i; \u 1,1 N^,

\ I,. W \i;i ir.1,1),

Colinnbia. Pa.
llan-ivl.iirLr. Pa.
PittsPurL', i'a.
Chamher>hnrg, Pa.
Carli.sle, Pa.
York I'a.

A<knowlrdgTnrTits.

Corht'n China I^.tI.-. M,- ('haih-s Sanij.son of
^^ est Foxhor.Mi^rl,^ Ma^<., has our thanks f.,r a jiair
<d v.a-y ^'i[MTi>a- ( 'Mcliij, ('liina |oilhts. ( if his own im-
portation. 'I'h.y are hra.itiCul Imw N, ;,tel tjnis iUr
have proven tlean-h .'^ ••Nclhiit hi\ers. Mr. S. has
a few of th.-<e f,,wl-. \\^v sale at S|i> per |)air. II any
<»f our frl'ioN d. Mre a sii.dit of them, they .am he
gralificil l,y ea]Iiiij_r ;it ,,,,|- n.>,i,l,.,ic('.

in*l of Booksellers generally.

Mr. C. B. Pogers, dealer in Agri.adtural hnph'-

ments, Seeds, vVe. '1\) Market street, Philadelj)hiadias

sent us one of his " (\ist Slrrl Kxlnidiwj PohU

TtiH) A(ii:NTS Vv ANTKI). '~ \ '*^"'^''''" '^'"^ '^^'^'^ '"»'' <*f ''>>^ Pxj)an<ling Cultivators.

We :ire de.^irons of se.Miring on.> or more competent i '''^"''' ''"' ^••^'"'irkably N.ell finished implements and
agont> in ev. rv county in Pennsylvania, to canvass "'' ^'''^ '^'^ '' »'»^re examination of th.-m, without trial,
for the r.iru> \}nnrn.,l. Our terms are liheral, and , ''"''^'^^'' ''' ^oJ^dge, well adapted to do good work.-

we arc a.^"i:red hy well infoianed friends in every por
tion of the State, that conijietent and activ(i agents
could not fail to succee«l well. We therefore invite
p<^rsons desirnu-* ol takin:^; ai:encies to tuldress us
(postpaid) on tiie >uijc<-t ; furni-hing us with satis-
factory rcfcr'ne(», and >tatir.g in what p;irticular
county they are <lesir<ius <ji canva»iiig.

I*rcmium List of the State Society.

We had hoped \" pn-ent to our read< r- this month,
the Premium list of the State Agricultural Society ;
but liiive heen disappointed. It is to h(3 regretted
that It lias not already been issue(l, 'fhe lists of
the Aew Virk, MarylamI, Ohio and (»ther State
Societies, ]ia\e heeii hefore the public fiir some
tini' pa-t. The earlier the day ol" puMication, the
greater, in all }ir..hahility, the display will he; as the
the !T"iaiuri,s olfered are stroii"- inc*'iri\('S to exer-
tion. Ill :i little more than three months the Fair
will Im' ii.'M, ami rvvA'x inmr of that time, will he ne-
cessriry to enable persons wdio desire to compete for
prcnnum^. to j)repare the articles, get their stock in
goodcondition,itc. AVeareauthori/ed to statethat the
pronuuiu'^ will be much mort; liheral this year than
la.st, 6n that the imlu(!eim;nts to compete for the
^ill be still stron-.-r.

m

n

^ATIoxAL Agricultural Co.wentiox. — A circular
Hiianating from a majority ..f the State Agricultural
Societies (.f the Inited Slates, and addressed to the
triends of Agriculture tliroULrhout the C. Stat.s, imit-
•nf^themto attend a meetin;; to he held in the city
of Washington, on the liith of dune, for the purpose

rming a National A;ii'ieultural Socict}'', was re-

A plow of tliis sann' kind was exhihited at the
World's Fair, where it attracted ((.nsidorahle atten-
tion : hut from the fact that no person was prf^sent
to have its merits tested, no report, we beli(»v(' was
maueconcernnigit. W '■ -hall liavea fair trial given if,
and will, at a future day, noti.-e its w.,rk. Plows of
this kind may he -.'mm at Mr. Stilnman's irard-
ware Store, tlie only ag-ucy for the sale (-f them in
Lancaster.

The Cultl\ator, a cut of whirh ue^jve, is we think
a good implenent, dill'ering somewhat from the Cul-

tivators in general use. The arrangement foi- ox-

offo

'i\ea at too late a date to admit of insertion in our j pamling or coiitiMciing its w idth is very complete. —
•'i'H. ^o^v it is to(, hito, yet we hope the objects con- | 'I'Ih; teeth, t"o, <li}Ier I'rnin the old kinds : some (as
•"inplatcd hy those who are moving the matter, will , represented in the eut,j hcing of the form (.f snnill
^ 'uijy realized. Every movement of this kind is ' plows, others of tlie usual shape, oxceptbij^ the jiart

^Jiculated to advance the interests of Agriculture, nearest the frame, which is wi h r, and better ealcuhi-

and should, therefore, be encouraged. We will lay

. proceedings of the Convention before our readers

in our next.

ted, we think, to effect a m >re complete pulveriza-
tion of the soil. Mr. vSteinman has the Cultivators
for sale also.

120

EDITORIAL

'Jri.T,

]<r2

EDITOIilAL.

It-WHW-MI :«wr«WH»^ »«••'•««■''»«

V2i

wtmrnmrnmrnm^

A visit to the residence of Caleb Colk-, I Nq.

Availing ourselves of i'jW leisure hours, \n1ii1<> on
a vinit to PLiladelphliv during the last month, wo
madf' by invitation, a Hying trip t'. iho V.oautiful
counuy seat of Caleb Cope, Esq., uvav T.k ony. We
found tlio gentlemanly proprietor at home, and as we
had but an hour to spend, proceeded under liis guid-
ance to the different points of interest about the gar-
den and farm.

Our attention was, of course, first directed to the
house contiiinin;:; tin' far I'aiiied I'lrf'-rid lu'jia, a
phiuL oi \vlii<-li Mr. C<.|M. ha<, tliiis far, bvcn the
most Buccos^ful cultivator in i\w world. We will nut

ination of the admirable working ot thf tw- liy-lrau-
lie rams, wliich ^ipi^ly tlie green h<.u»os, founuin*,
&c., Willi wat.a--. oiir courteous host escor'.od u^ ^.^
the omnibus, }»y wiiidi w* \\oi-, ron\,.y.il t,, Tucony.
Our visit, tliough brief, w.is fraught wiih pi' ;Miro
and our tiiauk-. \\< w.'dl a- tho tliaiik-^ of tli -■ ui,o
accompanied us, are <lu.' .Mr. Cope ior th.' \iry -.>n-
tli inaiily attention }»ai'l u^, <luring the time wr ,s|„,q»
on hi> piciuiscs.

Mketino or TiiK Fki it CoMMiriKr, oi thk Lancav-
TF.ii C(». Ac. Soc.— The Coniiuittrc iiwt at tlichfuis'^
of l)airu-l Itlioadc^, Ks((., oii Wednesday, Jiinu 21.-

.._ The disjday of fruits was su\all but cxcollent; ium-u^,;

attemjit a d'^spri].tioii of tlu- ci^'^tly arrangments no- 1 ^]j^> specimens w<»rthy of note, were some tine, well
eessary to a ;:rowth of iliis royal plant, nor enter into N|.^y,,P(, , I (^.liorrics from Mr. Khoados' garden; also,
the detail- of <xi>.ii-o inrurr.-d. Suffice it to say tliat ' . ... i .i...m.. i i ...... ..i,.„:-.

Mr. C. lia> Won th ■ roputation of ])cing i-ne of the
most snece>^fu] li\i!i;j; horliculturidls, at a cost of
several thousand dollars.

\V, had onlv tl.uo to take a l.a'.'v U\ ut the ^riorainury in suu, full UuslicJ, l"'"'!"^'. '",..1 ..f g.jod
"Qucon of the Aquatics," as it ropu.oa m sn.n, «nu;e i liav- , u.. ,..ore cxtonsWc cultivation of tlie Cumkr-
•vud ....aiestv ..n the bosom of tin- ^vators-its gi-antio lan.I So-mIH..- sh.ml.l l.r an ,.l,,.pf w,th our fruit frow
leaves, Vnur iu nu.nhor, covorinj: aln.,.st -ntirrly th.. | ors. Mr. I'avi.l Mill.T of Cuhsl.., Cnahrrlu,.] Co,
surface of the tauk, wiuch is eighteen feel in .lian.e- ■ can, «e uiKlerstaud, supply juuns invs.
ter. Several of the leaves were more than six feet ISut the n.o.t attractive part of the .l,.^phiy was .

some very large and rcMiiarkaldy handsoniL' clK'rriej
of the Cuinhrrhiiul SixlliiKj variety. Several of theie
were more than three inches in circumffreiieo, altho'
not fully ripe. Being a tolrrably early variety, ei-

fine seedling straw berry presented by Mr. J. L.Grosh,
residing near Petersburg in Lancaster. Onnoftbeie

diameter or nineteen feet in circumference. We

could have lingered for hours around this interesting „ . . „

spot examining tlc^ b.auii^'s nnd wonders of the herries measured nearly. //re inches in circmnferenw.

plant, and listening to the detaiN of tlio mod. of cul- In point of size, generally, thoy are p.-rliaps n.t equal

ture, the anxieties attendant upon the fir.^t attempt, to th- Ib-vey S lling, m color de.>per, in t:;nor far

and the feelings of triumph, ^^ hen in its glory, Miporha-, and w.ll adapted ior carrying. ^N e kam

the superb plant unfolded all its beauties : but the that this seedling was pro.lueod from th" JJ'^'^^''^^^

rapidly passing moments compelled us to loave, aft.r ' ' " ^ * " '""*■

could not ascertain tlm full ].articulars. It is rcpnf-

hastily examining a num]>er of the rare and elegant sented as a ].rolilic bearor, and we think it ucll wor-

phiiits that surround the \ ict«>ria

AVe next p)rocecded to tlc^ gr<M'n liouse containing
those freaks of natnro, the Air plants. Every thing
in this (h'].artment was in keep)ing with the charac-
ter of the plants growing tlmre, and disj.layed great
taste. Taking a ha.-^ty glanci' at the splmdid C(dlec-
tion of Cacti in the next louse, numbering many
hundred varieties, of the finest character, we were
conducted to various other green houses, one con-
tainino- a choice collection of of Camellias, another

thy of attention.

Our tasteful and enterprising friend, Ib-n. P. B.
Vondersmith, ..f Lancaster, has recently, in aiMiti' a
to the many rare and b.-autiful plants already in b
collection, added a young plant <.f the celobraui
Victoria Uogia. Mr. V. has spared neither pains D.r
expense to insure success in his undertaking li^vi^?
erected a handsome and commodious tank, mi'l ■■'^
fixtures necessary to the growth ot thr plant.

^uecessful, aswehavonodo^bthewillhe,ourt'it^«tf
of grapes, peaches, nectarines, plums, .\:c., another I ^^.j|| ,.,^j(^y .^ ^ight of this gigantic an<l ''^''-^"^^"''^ ^
roses &c.; after which, leaving the green houses and | ^y,, .j^.,. pleased to make mention of Mr. \ ^ 1>^**^|

ty and enterprise, and hop- it wni !»• ' ' '

others whose mean< :ind leisure give tie m ample

their attractive occupants, we took a hasty stndl

across the well-kept lawn, to a grove of majestic ^^^^^^^

oaks, immediately in front of the beautii\il mansion ^.-^-^-^es for attention to horticultural pursuits
house. Thence to the barn— a building in external
appearance far handsomer than many country resi-
dences, and in internal arrangements c..m].hte in
every particular. We had not time to examine mi-
nutely, or note down the excellency of the phin of
this barn; but think it possessed of very many advan-
tages. The dairy was next visited, where neatness
prevailed in every department, and alter an exam-

AusTKALiAN W II KAT.-The attention of our far*
ers is directed to the advertisement of ^Messrs. ^- ]
\llon .^' Co., of New York, in which they offer A-
tralian Wheat for sale. We are not fam.har _ _
the character of the Wheat, but observe ha
cultivated with success in New York, and tha «
fast rising in favor with the farmers of tliat btaw.

( iii-..(ci- ((tuiilv I litit iciilt ural s,i(ijl\,
"Wccouli not but regret that it w.i u^! in our
power to attend tlie Semi-annual Ib.ni.iiltural Kx-
hihition, hvM at \\ '-t Chester on tlie 17lli, ImIi and
19th of June. We have always enjoyed ourselves
^vith cur Chester County friend^, and it would Imv

>N hat I- Mm nu^li V tlonu' lor A-iir!iHure„

From a very uhlo review of u mii,J„.r , c \;,|i,;ih]o

n|rri<Mi!liir;)l pu!»l;c;if ions u ,,. condense tlie foli(,\viMir,

shouing, ni ;i <h';^rr,.,-, uh.-tt srirnrn hns (l..no jur !h<'

flirmor. .\ randid poru.-il ..f \\\vhv. extracts will serve

"Thajjs to conviie -■ ...mc w ho ;iro skrplics n, ro;:ard

afforded us much pleasure to liave been wiih tieui ou to the value of scieneo, ;,,,,! who look with fp.or Up-

this occasion. We are grutifird to ham that th. Kx- nn prartM- !v, ihal tho ..uhjrrt of farm,,,- n.u^t ho

hihition was creditable in tho hi^le^t d-^^re.. ; tlie ; viewo,! ,Vom. .hlfirent stan.l-ponits, in onler lo arrive
various .Irpartmont^ of llnwors, Iruit, v.-etables, at corivct conehisions.

needle w ' rk, moehanic arts, iVi'., bt'in<'' well filled ' a. .. - 41 . r.i ^■ • . , ,

... ,-, NX 11 line I. Ainong tiie parts ot 111.' living nnmiMl, the musrh's

Xht' alt- lidane.', too, u[ eiti/iais of Chester and the ^ occupy an imj)nrtant jdace, not merfdy in hulk, fait m
adjtiiiiing c<»unties, was full, and the warm interest J'^'ferencr; ul.<o to the health and stren'gtii of tiie hody.
niMiiifi-ted at preer.ling exhihitions still maintained. ' '^''»»-' "'"-'^^■^•.'•^ contain nitrogen; and, beHi(h'H a little

,,, . . .,• ■ 1 < • 1 . . . f'*^b '•r<' mainly comj)osod of a suhstance to which h(^-

II- 1^ -jratifyini:: and furnishes a strcuif^ incentive ,. c ♦ ♦ rx 1*^.^. m vmih n, ue

.: ' /?, . , , . "" '"<^'"ti^' caus(,' ot its stringy or fihroiis nature, cln. mists <rivo

t,. th.' irc'Mds ol ih.iticuiture and Agriculture, in oth- the name ni'fihrin. N.av this fihrin is almo.st i.lenti-
ercniuitics of tic Stale, to lidlow tin,' laudable ex- ^ <''»b 'n ciiemical character and comj)osition, with the
;Uii| |r n! the citizens of Chester count}', 'J'hes(3 de-
lli^litful 'xhihitlons are the result of the well directed
efforts of a few spii-ii^-d indi\iduab, who several
years sinet', und^r dix.iairaging eiri um.^tances re-
solved to attempi i'M'siai>ii>n a JJoiticuitural >o(aety.
From -mall la-inings they have gone <»n flourishing,
until the int'Tevt a/i(l z,.;il (,f the enterprising few,
now pervade ihe entire county, and is still on the in-
crease. It Would allord us pleasure to puhiisii the
proceedings, but our limited space thi- n]nnth forbids.

white of eggs, (aihuiiK'H,) the curd of milk, (easein.)
with the gluten of wheat, and with certain similar
suhstances uhielj exist m heans, ))ens, barley, oat.s,
potatoes, turnips, cahhae-e, and, in Ijict, in almost ev-
ery vegetahle esculent, in greater or le,<s proportion.
-in Mil .--o nuij.^iuiu;!^^ coiiiaui neany ine saim^ per
eentage (.f nit rogeii, and are distinL'uished hy the g<'n-
<'ral n.ame <>\' jn'oh in r()mjKni}i(/s.

It is now ascertained, that when veget.ahle food is
intro(hice(l into the stcanach, the e-Iuten, alhumen, Sic.
which it contains, is dissolveti and extracted fV-iin it,
conveyed from the stomacJi into llie hlotd, and !i\- the

Onr frlnnrlc TvHl ., ! . f 1 *i M. Ill cirnilatiniT hlo(Ml Carried to tlio.se itarts of" the hody

Uur Incnas -vMii, am' iio pe, take the wnl t.^r the deed ;.. .i i ♦ «i . i . , ,^

... ' in which, owiULr to the natural waste, or to the de-
tbis ti!i;e.

ill

were paid for lands adaptcil to its successful cultiva
tion. These lands were put iu the hievt possible
condition, at a \ery heavy expense, the cro}» was cul-
tivated with the utmost care, generally, and the re-
•^i^it has been a cMuinlete -hit (d' the market, th<' best
quality commanding only live <'ents, and the inferior
from three to four.

man<is ot animal growth, the muscles re(|nire to he

Toharco Ca-owiiig in Pennsylvania. renewed or enlarged. The power of a vegetahh; suh-

We are -lad to (di^-rve that the mania f .r t.djacco ' ^'|i'»'"«'» ther(d;>re, to iiierea>o or su.stain the niux-jes

fiUIno. ;., P ,,,, ,1, .; 1 1 . 1 -1 I 1 "^' '!'i ^'iimial, depends mat( nallv on the (luantity of

raising 111 I ennv\l\ania lias. sumcwhat subsided, and ti,^^,. ,, , ;...,, . i , ♦" ,i

. ' tJiese proteni compounds it contain> — or oiitheijuaii-

that the .piantity plant-1 this season, will not bo one' tity r.f nitroiren hy which that of the protein com-
fourtli that o| hist. )\'e never were in la\or of the p<»unds is mdieated and mea.--ured. It mu.-t he of im-
culture of thi.s crop in our State, ludieving, that our P'""^'"'^"''' therefore, to know Ik. w much ofthesecom-

I'lihb 111. V 1 ,. ,n, >,-,>,,. <;f.i 1,. 1 ♦ 1 * *7 u I i>oumls, (jr in other Words, how much nitron-endifrerent

iaii(i> iiMN i<e uKue protitald\Mlevote(l to the culture' * i, i .■ ,, , ■ T .• .

fC ] , , i vegetabhj j)ro<iucf ions usually contain — how tar the

010 tier crops h^tteradapted to thesoil and climate. It usual pro}K)rtion is subject U> variation— and how liir
never \v<aild ha\e (djtaim'd a f )othold with (;ur farm- 1 it is within tlie reach of human control. Such (jues-
•I's. hut for the f;u't that the hi-h i)rices secured for j f-ious Inive ohvi(^usly an intimate relation to the actual
the crop of ]s.-)()^ p.,1 „j.,,,^^. J,, .riipjM.M.' that a speedy i '^'.^J"*^'}' ^"'^^^^^' ^'*" <<'<>ti i'l ^jic r(\aring and nourishment

f..rt.irM, ,.- Ill I- i", , \ '>f" nriimals; and a few illustrations will show liow

KTuuie wt.uld Ih' reali/.ed hv e\erv one who en^'-a-'-ed I i ♦ i ♦! • i ■♦ u- • i •

.^ . - ' '^'•^.«^iu cijeiiustry has recently occupied itself m solving

it> culture to any extent. ]]xtravagant ]»rice8 | them,

it i.N the object of chemical re.^oareh Hot merely to
cxj)lain known }ael.-, hut to re.iunve inksapprejieusiona
and correel erroneous opinions. The recent d* ter-
minations of the j)r()port ion of nitrogen crtjitained in
wheat have served both the.se purposes, 'J'hiis it was
asserted and indievt'd, tliat the wheat of warm ejini-
atcs alwa vs contained more nit roe-en, and eonse(juent-
ly w as more luitrit i\ e aiei of hiL'her money value,
tlinn the w heat of our more' temperate countries. —
But later researches have cr»rreete(l this h'i««;ty defjue-
tion, and have placed onr home wheat in its proj)er
position, ecoiioiiiica] and nutritj\-e, as comi)ared with
the wiieat (»!" India, ol" Southern Australia, or of the
Black sea.

Again: the British miller usually requires a portion
of foreign wdieat to mingle with our native grain, both
to make it grind more easily, and to satisfy the bak-
er with a flour which will stand much water. The
pastry-cook, and the macaroni maker, also demand of

Ciiappell's Fertilizer.— p. S. Chappell of Balti-
i»ore desires us to eall attention to Ids improved fer-
tilizer, whirh is repre-cnted as highly valuable for

o^icultnral purposes. Having never had an oppor-
j,"nity of testing its merits, nor of witnessing its ef-

eets upon particular crops ; we are not prepared to
say more of it, than to call the attention of our read-
ers to the advertiisement of Mr. C. in another part of
"le Journal.

122

K PI TORT A L

[J

n.v

-^iae*^ '. ■an^.-iMMiiWsr^'K'^Mdii*'**""*-'*^-'

>^t<— w— — rwwwMWH— ipw iMwwMw » !■ 1 m"» w ■

him a flour which will uiako a prculiarly a(lh<'sive
doufrh. Tliosc several (jtia lilies were Hupjxised to be
inherent only in whrat wliich ahouiuh-d, in .in im-
conimon de^rree, in frluten, and which was produced
under especially favorahh' conditions of soil nml rli-
mate. Modern chemistry lias the merit c)!" «rradually
removing these misaj)prehensions, and of directin<^ us
to the true causes of all such difterences.

So in regard to the superior amount of tmiscle-for-
rning matter supposed to exis.in wheat in c.mpnrison
with other kinds of native n-rniii, surli ;t< the n;it. —
Experience had lou^ t,'in[:ht tlic Scotch tlml (..its. siicli
as they grow i!) their cliniMtc. ;irr m most nutritious
food- but th(^ h:il)it^ of the more iiitlucntiMl Kiiglish,

)1

only four InnidrcMl ])ounds. Tho prefcronco whiHi
some farmers have long given !n tins crop, .in i,,„i
for their stock an-l 'litir niilch cows, isaccoimtnl i;,r
by these facts; while, nfc.urse, they jKAvertuIly rcc-
oincnd its inori- gcner.il cult i\ ation ns fo(xl for man.
\Vc ni:iy ;i(!il, while speaking of c;»l)l>ng<\ that it i»
known to t)e so exhausting to in;iny sods, that wheat
will scarc<dy grow after :m :thiiii(hi!it crop of it. i^
sj)rings up indeed, Ixii \i«l(l-< little >tr;iv\, and t^rly
runs to a [)uny ear. coMtaiMiriL'' liit!<- ^^rain. I{|,t tli^.
sjinie analysis which ^hous tlic \alin' ot' tin; cabba^re
crop, shows also what it takes fr(Mi» the soil; nnd rx-
phims therefore the kind I'f exhaustion j)ro(liicf(l hy it.
l)y what siM'cial a[)plicati()ns this exhaustion i^ tu be
repaired, and how repaired at the least cost.

We shall tak(» occasion to make more sclcrtion^

or nuTchant, may Iw' benefitted by a perusal of the

and the ridicule ot" a preju liced lexicographer, were
beLTiniung to make them ashametl of their national

diet. Chemistry has here steppe<l m; and by h.^ran-j ^.^^^^^^ ^j^.^, oxcdlent article; at the sanu' time wcconi-
alvsi- of both, has i)ro\ cd not onlv that the oat is rich- i , , , . ,, 1 ♦♦♦■♦• i

1 V ft .. ti, ,'. tlw. ,rr-.in nf who'.t I meud tio abovc to the closc attcutiou ot our rcadfT,-,

cr in iiiuscle-torinmLT matter than t lie Lrr.nn oi \N in <ii, j '"

but that oatmeal is, m ;ill respects, a better form of | believing that every on(>, whether fanner, mechanic.

nourishment than tlie rine>t wiieaten tlour.

Ihil what IS more, chemistry has brought usac(piain-

ted with the value ofjiarts ot'tlu' grain fornuM-ly c(»n-

sidered almost as waste. 'V\\i- husk or bran of wheat,

for examuh'. thoUL'"h ijiven at times to piLTs, to miller's

horses, and other cattle, wasnsuiny iiionLTiii lo [*<>>- \ t,,.j„v,,f

sessbut little nutriti\e virliie m il-eli". Analysis how- 1

ever, has shown it lo h- actually richer m muscular j

1 .1 1 . .. c ♦! .rf..;,, 'IMm. I had an oip">i"tunit v (■! ta^tiiu; nine in,i i*^ .ut(T it,

matter than the white interior ot the gram. I Im- il '„,.,.

-'in.

Currant Wine.

Here is .1 reoei])t f>r making currant wino. worth,

()urMi1'>criners wlm havea lai^hel ol riirranti,
at least two veur's subscription to the .Journnh W.^

the cause of its answering so well as focxl tor catth

is explained; and it is shcnvu that its use lu bread

(whole-meal bread) must be no less nutritive than

economic il.

Th<^ tru » \a!iie of other kinds off ><)d is al-) estab-
lished hy ih. s - iiKiuirie^. (-abbage is a croj) whudi,
up to the present tim(>, bus not been a ireneral favor-
ite in this country, either in the stall or ler tlie tahh-,
except during early spring or summer. In North
Germany and Scandinavia, however, it apparsto
have been long esteemed; and various moles of stor-

infT it f»r winter use have been verv evuerally pr.ic- ^ . . , i i.j

tised. Rill the cabbage is one ol the plants which has months when it will be ht for use and may h.riiokea
been cluMnically exammed, iu consecpience of the | ^^- -^i.^ |^^^l^^
tailun^ of tilt! potato, with the view of introducing

which was of such exc(dlcnt (iuality, that Avr c^ul'l
not resist the temptation of publishing the receipt.-
Here it is ; try it and rop.rt the result^ :

To <tne (juart ef ripe currant juice add three pound*
of the very b''^t whit<' sugar, (the fiiuT th" (piiili'v,
the better.) u'.kI to this :i(M as much water a> Trill,
with the juice and su-ar. make a l^i11"Ii. Put the
mixture into a keg or (leinijoim. leavin;: it open for
tw(. werks, (»r until the fcrmcutatiou sub>ide> ; tli''n
rurk it nj. tightly, and let it remain quiet for five

It intoireiKTal use; and the result of the (>xaminati()U
IS botlMuterestm:: and unexpected. When dried so
as to hriuL' it into a state m whi(di it can be compared
witli onr(.ther kinds of food, (wheat, oats, beans, cVc.,)
it IS found to be rirltrr in ?iu(sciil<ir matter than any
other crop we ^row. Wheat contains only about \'l
per cent., and beans 'S^ per ci'ut. ; but dried cabbage
contains from 30 to 40 per cent, of the so-called pro-
tein compounds. According to our present views,
therefoHN it is preemiufuitly nourisbiuLT. Hence, if
it ran but be macb' generally airreeable to the palate,
and easy of digestum, it is likely to prov.' the best
and easiest cultivated substitute for the potato; and
no doubt the Irish kolcannon (cabbage and potatoes
beat together) derives part of its reputation from the
great muscle-sustaining power of the cahbage-~a
property in which the potato is most deficient.

Further, it is of interest— of intional imp(.rtanre,
we may say — that an acre of ordinary land will, ac-
cording to the above result, produce a greater weight
of this special kind of nourishment in the form of cab-

TuF MovAMENsiNU Stua w UERRV. — Throu-h ih^-
kindness of Mr. H. Dreer, seedsman, Chesnut i^treot.
Pbiladfdpbia, we bad the pleasure of partakini; ''t
some of tlu' new seedling struwlMM-ry—th'' M-.^a-
mending. Tho.se (d^ which we partook, we thnU.'bt
very superior, not only in size, but in fhwer.
understand that it is a prolific bearer, each boaltby
plant throwing up five ,,r six fruit stcm<-
The demand for the fruit as well as the plants n;c
be.>n lari^e. Plants may be ].re<-ured fnan lb I'r^'^-

seedMna'u and llorist, t'he.nut .\. beloiv Third. Phi-
ladelphia.

iiook X0tifC3.

l-^^^l

BOOK XOTir'F'.S

Warerh, Kords. Ahhottsford Edition. Uppn^
Cramho d' Co We are indebted to the p^^^'f !"
bage than in the form of any other crop. 'I'hus, 'JO j-^^. ^y^^ li^st four volumes of this tine eauu ^^
tons of cabbage — and good land will produce in good
hands, 40 tons of drum-head cabbage on an imperial

acre contain fifteen hundred pounds of muscular

matter; while twenty-five bushels of beans contain

Walter Scott's Novels, comprising, Waverly. ^

TA^ ninrh Dwarf Old Mortahtyy o^
Manmnng, The JilacL j/waij, wu" ^

The Antiquary. It would be superfluous m

12,3

gaVftWord in r--:!rd L. the cdiaraeter of those, and f«'Kulat^d tt. m-w anv .lo^ired qunntity p.r ;nrr na vvcllaiinthe
U,; volumes wUh are to succeed , h.,n. Tl.. neTe«t • ^Ci^^nu^^^^ ^,^

tvro in I'"-''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ■ '" '- '" '

n.i nil'

eacliadditioin! tiihf , f^ ^g

Th.-alMiVf .M;i.| s.ir*' \Vi.rrMiit<-d nnt to Ctit, Hrpiik, nr Wa«h-

''rain ; t^* lu- ma. I,- .,( tlif L.-Nf mat'-na Ih, im a RiiliRtaiit ml and work-

nianlik.-maii.Tr. an. I t . i\n\),r wrk rrw.rf |>.T(.'<t!\ tlian any ..tlur
I li-y arr m.iI iialuf to cliok.- with wliitf raj.* (.r Hlriiw, an. I arc

8iiit«Ml in r..ii^|i an.! hilly, ai we!! as Mii.M.th and l.-vrl land.

Owmj/ to the pfcculinr forifi ..| cnr d.-poNitm;? tulxH, tlu-v run

ensif-r and rr»-«« ttiprnB.-! v.-n i r. in ti'th t.ttor than any ..llnrH ---

I h.Nr 'Vnl.rH Uff ■npi,!!,.,! Wllh |{ - V TMI I .N- «-l.fl j'.nntB.' flUMT .Mid

"I which can h.' cM.Mwi.-d a« thc\ \,rrn\ur \\,,ru . The Hinmltnnr-

-II lit' rat lire i>^ iamiicir wiih th
of ScolL and shouM !»-• with his writings. 'I'h- j,(ih-
li.nhers design issuing them in parts, semi inenrhlv.in
r\:\])OT, at ^•" et>-'. ]""T \..liime, <.r tweK, liandsonudy
bound volumes wlien the wlmlo \» comjdetcd, for
/irr/r^ dollars. The \\ ant (d just siudi an-diti..nas

this has b.ng hern f.-lt. I he nnui<ddy h.rm m winch dcp,,.„t,nir apparatn,, wh.ch wc hav,. patenN-d rcndc- nnr ma-

.11 tin- American editions of Scotts n.iVeis havehr.-n /■';'''^;;''i;;'|;;7 na.rc ca.c and ccrta,,,-

'^'' '''^ ' ' ' " I '>• P'^*^'" "''''flv in H.-cvliiiK' ixniitaiid ..thcr irtc-iilarlandH, than any

r,r(^sontc.l to the public, lias had the efr,.ct of .b-fer- ' "^u'' ^T' ''"'"^'^

t l„ , "'■" """>'"'»'•»'!''* Horne-Powcr*! and Tlir»-»lif rn. Clover

riti" in;inv a reader from a perusal of them. The '■""•*'■"• with and wiilu.ni FViim. nnrB.'Kak»-g, Cnrii-Mirii,Ti». Ac
y,' 1 -1 1 • . ' . ,. , 1 ^''"'•^^•'""'••■•''^'"•■"■•i'ld Mill \V(.rk.Scf».vvCultinK<'..Mr tonrd.•r;

J,[vs,.Ilt edition I.esKles being a correct reprint of the ' r^'stm^js <.f rvcry description, ..f the hmt qoalitv (iirnwhfd at

orl.hrated Abbottsford edition, is very handsomely ! '^'""""«^"" »*— K.nn.t '^.n.,^ ^l'^•''■''^''■'^'^'>

-' V ; ^ ^ K«Minpt S(j\iarH, « Iichut county, I'a.

r.rilif'd upon fine i)aper, with lar-n', new and beauti- ' ^T ,^"''"''^"h!»" M'>rrig A: Co., West Chestrr, are Agents ("or any
I ' ' ' '^ .1 411 J Alachinery we Iniild.

tul tv{"', and the volumes ar(i of a si/(> whiidi ren- i July I, i^J2 — 3in.

(ler.«« thcni neat and convenient. Jn addition to whitdi ' ~~~~ ~

thov nrn V"l.li-I.H .tt a ,,n.-,., s.arr.Iv n,„n. ,l,a„ >' VKKS' rllKMICAl, .\ NI.MAI, MAM KK.

'r ,1 .1 ., L- .] , i: !■ 1 All ^,' r 1 ,• • That of (.(feriiip to the pnh!i( a Manure which cr,nipri8r» all

on^ t.'Urth tfiat ot the lMlo;Imli Abbottsford edition. ' that c.„ild he wiRhcd-it... cheapncsH and niipriHinK eflcctRinpro-

j ducinjj; larger cro[i8 ni an\ kind of soil - jg laBting ami cndiirinir
i qualiticg.

Tl.^ V ./I. /?,•;/;. 7, /> ,.; ,w, r ,. AT • ii ' '*'''e BiihsmheroffcrBtliis .Mannr.-to thepnhlic witha fml knowl-

Its c-iifMit^ are, Pr.iSj.cets of liritish Stati'>iuan-hip
and p'dli'-, rhr«'iml.>gy — its Place and Ibdations,

Village I-if'' in Ihigland, iJeiuani^m and Kiir .pean
Civilization. Life and Chemistry. Kin-j; AilVed, I'dn-
ocular Visi(»n and iIk; Stereoscope, Memoir of Dr.
Chalmers. This able review, together with the Lon-

iiiire iniiKt take its precedence ahove all othcr.i , its adaption to all
kinds of g.iil, and every particle of fcrl ili/iin,' propcrticK heiiijf
preserved in the mode of inantifacturc, rin.hr it at once < lieaper
than anv other iii.inare used for ail kinds ofcro|.». Its cficcts are
wonderful .-X supply alwa\ g on han.i, \V.\T. ^t^■I;I?^,

Seventh Stree; near <ierinaniown IJoad, Kensington, I'liihi.

KHA!) TUK roll. OWING CER T 1 F : < ' A T KH.

Ger,M\NT()W?« October 8, ISjI. |
T'. Mr Wu\ .M.crs — Sir — Haviiij? triid your < heniico- Anirnaj
Maiuire upon potat.) ground, this season, 1 find it prodnre on« tliir
more and larger p-.trUoes than the hest liofse riiaimrc . n t!ie jaiin^
greund. WM K. O.x.

don, Kdinburg, aid A\'estmini>t.T K. \lrwv, aid

i;i:irkvv.,.Mr.s M;ig:i/.in(>, maybe had for .^l'). iV-n. ' The following add.t...nal certil~;;7;. ju.t received, speak, for itself.

the publishers, Messrs. Leonard .^cuU ^ Co., New ,, , , ^^^'-o'^' "y. ^ J • t"it> >■,.. -.'(uh. is.oi.

'I have use. I iipwar-l of jlMiO hnHhels of W.M. Mvkkh' A.m.vtal
lurk. Wanuhf, on corn, pot it'ics, turnips. iiipIoiis. an. I 8')ine olht r crops

dun lit,' the present 8ea8 in. and am satisfied that it is an econ()tnical

ami [powerful manure, f.tr turnips, radishes, and other r.x.t crops—
77/'- riiiln^JrhJnn Fhrrisf. \ friend has ]^;,,,]1,^. ' '"y^-Apericnce lias hli.)wn It to be especially vainahie

Da'.iu J. (j
sent ii< the first number id" this new candidate for fa-

Vurwiiii our ilorti.'ultural friends. A ha^tv 'dance

;it it- (intents, induces us to think vr«dl of it, and we

'1 > li"])'' for tlu' credit of rhiladidphia — the home

"f tln' Pi'imsylvania Horticultural S(jcietv — that the ! ^''*''" ' ♦'^'^'' niis'-d, although I have fiirine(i for 20 > ears, and have

' had good Corn hand, nnd .Manured well, as I thonght,in'thr old way.

KldCoM.

Sprinc F'lEi.r) Farm. Cecil ronnty, Md.
Mr Wrn .Myers— Dear Sir— 1 manured with year ("hernico- Ani-
mal .Manure ahoiit, .']'* acr<H (jf the pof.rest land Oa my farm, and put
half in Oats, an'i II e halanee in Com. Although it was got lit
quite late, and the Sea8r)ii very unfavnralde for tlie C<.rn crop gen-
erally, yet notwithstandin?, I can say that it is decidedly the hest

t'lH(r{.ri/.e will m.t only be sustained bv liberal sul - While mv neighbors' Com was (juit»lyellow and leaves enrieri up

^crijition, but that the many able writers in Phila- J^-^lj^^l'-^^-^^^^^^^^^

f^''ll'ina and vicinity will give it the aid (d" their
pon.s. T.'misSl p.-r annum. Ad<lr(>ss K. llobiiiM.n
Scott, iMiiladoIphia.

\\r.

drills: DRILLS! \ DRILLS III

o,.., _',"■•' " '^v miiiiif.acturing the I.AKCjKST and BV.ST AS
_^'Kr.Mi:N r OF SKF.D I'LA.\TI:RS ever,.flered t.. the pnldie
yri' varieties ,,f vvhicli wc h.ave <a»nstaiitlv on hand. Tli. k

e III-

^,' "'■ ' ''^'' resjiectiuUy invited lo call, examine ami Katisfs theui-
^''/ "' iJ't'-r lu.'ritH.

■All ? ^"^.® '" ""pf'ved and simplified our Drill, as to enable us to
•J" It at the f<dlowinjf reduced rat«s :
^ne with seven tub

es nnd wooden Seed Roller, quantity
regulated l)y Screws, fi;90 00

For each ad.l,tn.nalTnl>e, 7 .",()

Eaot" ,,""''' ''" ' ''■"" '^'Ped R..I!er8, regulated with 8rr«ws h:> on

p , - -■ - >j.» , 111711

^*"^"''ed do,SinglcFIoppcr.and Patent Iron See. i Rollers,
Which, by the movement of a single screw, i.s regulated
P«/»K „ i^r ■^'^*' "^"y ^iesired quantity per acre, 8.5 fX)

In IH ""'*''^"'"'' ' ^* ]ooo

Slide nn'"" ''V**^^ foregoing, we are building a large number of
ij,,. ,,'"■• which have been SRtisfactnrily tested, and are war-
Particul ? •'^^'^ superior to any other Slide Drills in the market,
»nd hill '" "^® *^^®'' distribution of the Grain upon rough and
"»"y ground j also, in the facility and precision by which it ii

the nxtst valuable manures I ever used, and
shall take pleasure in recommending it to my neighborsand others.
Yours respectfully, E. M Seelt.

ArSTi:.\LIA\ W llKAT.

\V.\\\ SrPKKIOR —The berry of this cram is . xtra large, and
m.akcK tlM- bcRt of tlonr. It produces a greater average crop than
any other variety now grown in N. York. Several years exjierienee
in Its cultivation, proves that it is less liable to rnst or mildew
than other kinds ; and as the Btalk is large and ?trong. it is also
less Ji.able to blow down or lodj?e. l*rire, §( per bushel, (ifher
varieties of wheat, such as the White. Fiint, .Mediterranean. IJlack
Sea.iVc A I{ A I, MIX S CO.,

Agricultural \\'ar» Idurc A- Seed Store, I sit <V, i 'J 1 Water street,

.New York. (July-2in

\\, IU 1ST,

NURSERYMAN <&, S E E D G RO W E R,

II

AS alvvay* en hand at his seed S'orH. 97. Chennnt

Street, I'hiliidel|.hia, a Large ptoek of Seeds of Ins own

growth, a vfry imfWrtrtntitem to jmrrhtistrr, as he is a pr.acf ical ur.iw-
er,and has been engaged in his proi.KRion over dU \ car>'. H in nurse-
ry ground is amply stocked with l-'rnit.Sha.i.' and ( )ri .oneiital Trees,
accurately named and properly eultivatei!. livery article sold at
%he lowest rates, and warranted to l^e as repre&fnted.

Seed Store. 97 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia. Nurseries and Seed
Farm, Darby Road, two miles below Gray's Ferry.

June 1, 1851. R. BUIST.

1^

\\

Hi

124

ADVKirnSKMKNTS

n.v

\m

TO FARMERS, AGRICILTLIUSTS AND ViAU-

DKNKRS.

CHAPPKI.L'S iMi'RovKD Fi:UTII.I/KR-Sul)Stitute for Gtmno.
Tlie ■ubicriber wouUI cull tliu atteiilioii of ihe Funiirrs f»f IVmi-
Bylvaiiia to tlie cheiniciil compound or inatiurc, inauuitctuicd by
him for the reuovution of" worn-out lands," and known u«

"CttAl'i'El/s IMl'ROVKn FEK riLIZER."

This article IB cornnoaed of the Banie nritcrialu as are found by
ttualysis in the n.sfmt planti. It contists of a mixture (in proper
proportions) nC B'-r/iosphote of Lime amt Magn^^^i'l, for bones dis-
solved in Sulphuric Acid,) Sulphates of Ammonia^ Potash. Soda
atulLitn-:, Animal Charcoal, Silicates of Pota.sh, Alumina nnd Mat;-
n^sia, and, as tiiese constituents indicatf, ib iMl»'M'b"(| to xvHlnTf t<»
the soil all the inorganic materials ab8tra<'led b) vcgt*tatio!i. It
has been ascertained that a soil containinj^ a sniiicient (jnantitv of
these siilts, is alwavs frrtiie ; and tbrir ahstMicr constitnte's wliat
18 called '■' W'nrn-uiit Land."' The aiialjBis of rich Boils shows a j
g(MKl supply, and poor land a dtMiciency. |

Tlie inorp:ii)ic mailer altHlractcd from the soil by the prowtli of
different crops ih the same, varyinii only in proportion ; it is there-
fore evident, that if we supply to the soil a pniiicient quantity of
each m il»'ri.il thus abstraft'-d. we r<-8tote its I'ertility.

The i-orrectness of the above has iiei-n fully sustained by the use
of the Fertilizer, the last season It has been used <tii poor land,
and twenty-five t<^ twi-nty emht bushels of wheat obtained, with
a superior crop of clover. Asa to[)-dressint;i>n wheat, eight busli-
elB additional yield has been realized. On the spring crops of corn,
oats and clover, the yield has been donl)Ie<!. It has been used on
the same held (as an experirner.t) with llie best Peruvian Ouino,
both on corn and oats, and the yield has resulted in favor of the
Fertilizer. The nio.st respeetable reference can be given i^( its
value and clTccts on poor lands.

This article having been used with such favorable results, the
manufacturer now (dfcrs it to agriculturists, with the full confi-
dence that it wiin'trg<-!y r^nny for Ihu l^^L!.-^. , uud that it IB the
cheapest manure they can use.

On verv poor land, two barrels to the acre slionld he applied ; on
that in better condition, one and a half barrels. It is calculated, in
using two barrels, you supply to the 8(»il sulhcient salts for a rota-
tion. As a top-dressing, ojie barrel jMit (Mi :il"ter a ram, or when the
land is wet, and in all cases near the surtace and uot ploughed in,
brond-cast and harrowed when practicable. The Ammonia in this
preparation 18 a Sulphate and therefore not volatile as in fiuano;
the Bi-Phosphates and Sulphates being aoluble, the ruin dissolves
them, and they thus satunite the soil with prepared food, ready for
the nourishment of the plant; being rich in Su'i)liates, they are
powerful absorbents of Ammonia from the atmortphere.

One fact peculiar to this compound is that sucli porti'iii as may
not he abstracted from the soil the first erop, reinaiiiR in the ground
until conaumed by after vegetation. Ont« barrel of Chappell's Im-
proved Fertilizer containsas )nufk Phofjihntt o/Limena ih cont.un-
ed in 30(1 lbs. Pfrnvinn (luano: thcrefofc. by the application of two
barrels (100 Iba.) to an acre, the ground is «upplied with as niiieh
phosphate of lime as if 400 lbs. beat Peruvian ("luaiio had been used.
and the Fertilizer is fiirnishcil at lers than half thr cost. j

We add a few certificates. We could <vld othfr.s, but this mo«le
of advertising is expensive— t/ie.v 8h(»uld be suthr ieiit to recommend
the Fertilizer to the favorable notice of all farmers, desiring to
improve their lands.

The following from gentlemen r)f liigh standing, testifies to the
action of tlie Fertilizer, compared with Peruvian and Patagonian
Guano. (From Coin T. Ap. C. Jones, Washington.)

Nkar Prosi'EctHill, Va., April 20, 1P52.
P. Stockton Chaj'}>fll—Dt'.nT Sir .—I suppose I am indebted to
your kindness for a copy of the Ihillimore Sun, of 17th March,
contimuig notice of transi"er of "South Haltimore Chemical
Works" to you. 1 should have sooner acknowled^'ed your atten-
tion but was anxious to see a further development of the effects
of your Fertilizer before I wrote. Vou may recollect that about
a year ago I purchased the first Fertilizer, a ton) with which I
experimented with barley and corn, at the time of planting, and ou
wheat and grass as a top-dressing, all in compaii'^oii with Peruvian
and Patagonian Guauo, at equal cost. The effect on the barley
was decidedly in favor of the Fertilizer beyond all question ; while
»pon wheat, corn and grass, the difference was scarcely disccrna-
ble on the growing crops. The ground on which the barley grew
last year was seeded with Florence wheat on the M dav of Octo-
ber 18.il ; tiie ground was m the hncst heart, 200 lbs. of Peruvian
puo'na having been ploughed in after fallowing, but before seed-
ing, which was done with Pennock's drill. Tlw last drc88ii)g(.f
ffuano was carefully sown broadcast transverKely to the spring
Ujessing of guani;, and to the belt of the Fertilizer, throuRh the
barley, which separated the Peruvian and Patagonian guano, and
the course of the drill crosses oblupiely the belt of about sixty f. it
on which the Fertilizer was used about a year ago.

My wheat, like most wheat of the season, is but midtlling ; my

land'was ploughed very deep, and, although it is high ami rolling,

the wheat has suffered severely from a redundancy of moisture;

nevertheless, the wheat on the part on which tlie Fertilizer was

used at the t*me of sowing the barley, in April, 1851, is not only

higher but stronger, has a better color, and is in every respect more

promising than the wheat on either side of it. notwithstanding the

double dressing of gu.ano to one of the Fertilizer. I liav.> ais o ten

acres of corn ground in wheat, on which your Fertilizer was u«ed

and sown in comparison with Peruvian guano and repeated at the

time of sowing the wlieat; the Fertilizer so far holds itB own, and

should I live to see it, I will give you particulars of the harvest

The conclusions to which my mind is brought by the foregoing
experiments are: —

First— That at an equal cost, with less labor, and far gr* ;.•- r r ,„.
venience .'ii its upplicution, your Fertilizer is fully r^woi t<nhe
average quality of Peruvian guano when first applied, and nucb
more durable in its effects on after crops.

Secondly— That six hunilrf<l p.-nnds (two barreln) ,,f tin- Fertili.
zer, incorn<»raled witli the stul with the harrow beiore Beedinif ^
planting, is better than HOO pounds of Peruvinn guano. t<; wl> ch
the farmer is compelled to ad<l, with very coiiBiderable lab«»r, n^
and a half bn.shels' gypsum, the cost uf which will bring Iheguano
at the lowest rates, to ^-^ ^

600

Whilst cost of CO(J lbs. fertilizer,

Diirerence in favor of fertilizer, ||^

Very respectfully, \c

T AP. C.JONKS.

P. S ChnipcU

Tll.ooMFiKt n. na'timnre co., Mnrrli 03,1 j.^,
-Dear Sir. — 111 answer to your iMt»i of thi

ite,

irivi' Silt

asking for my experience in the useofydur I'ertilizer, I

time to say, that two or three years ago I used but two nr ttirr?
barrels byWay of e\p«riiiient Laslyear.I used upwanig of gey.
enty, iiiul this year 1 will drop it on etery hill of corn that 1 plant
My experiei\ee of its >.ise on corn, in the hill, is ni-ist iinfpjpiiKnia.
bly and decidedly favorable. Very respectfully, yoiiri.. Atr

KICHAUDJ. WORTillNGTUN.

Balto. County, March 22d. W^x,
P y . Chappdl., Fsij. — Dear Sir— I have used your Fertilizer in
mally^\■;.vs upon both wheat ami eorii, with great siiecfRs

Vours, respeeliully, i:UW. W. WOH rill.\(.,TON.

(From Rev. Dr. Johns, Rector of Christ Cliureh, Haltimnrc.)

Hai.timokk. .Inly 'L \-:,l.
7". />r. iV .S. r/H/;7)i//— Dear Sir : I have just returned fr 'm a
visit to Delaware, wli- re I had an oppurtiiiiity of Mligervnijj ihe tf-

were applied to two fields — one of twenty acres— the (ilhero(
t wentv-eiglit. Tin- birmer is uniformly good— on the latter. a ptrt
has been damaged \>\ the growth of blue grass, but my iinprri«u.n
IB. the crop, on both,' will be one-third greater than it wnuld have
been without the fertilizing article. The gram has not yet been
threshed "Ut, ami eonseciuent ly the above opinion rests iiierfly im
generalobservation of the crop immediately before harvt-it. Ut I
am satislied it will not be found incorrect I think it very cerUm
you will have several orders for the Salts, fr>ni the vicinity re-
ferred to. Very respectfully,

Your triciid and ob't serv t,

nK.MlY V.D.JOHNS,
Dr. Johns purchase.l, last fall, thirty barrels ; ns he u«f(i it ai
above on forlv-nme aeres, not more than 1, barrels ou.d hate
been applied tu the acre.

I have used " Chappell's Fertilizer" upon potatoes withdeciiW
benefit, an.i am now fully satisfied that it is the bcBl uud chcapeit
manure I can use f.r that crop
I Mv first trial was alongside of stable and enano ninnure; tue
Salts irave me the best and largest potatoes. WheP' "'"^"'J*
used, the land was thm, and on a bill side ; 1 used »;""' M W^*
. to the acre 111 the furrow, with the usu.il attention My rrop lu.J
' came up to mv expectations; the p.-tatoes were large, amt eto.
pern.r .lualily.'and the crop fuilv one-third greater iliau any uhn.
, neighbors, whose laml was much richer than the P'^^e ..f lan.J
' u.sed for my potatoes. The same piece of land I have put dj^
in wheat ; the furrow« can be seen distinctly some di8tiiic« ^U-
showing that the Fertilizer is still acting in the soil. .

I I shaJI use the Fertilizer this year on my P'-^'^^''^'^ ''' 'f ' f'}
: satisfie.l that it is the cheapest and best mannre that I <-J" ""^'^
that crop. Several of my neighbors intend ""'''S/'';' J,':!^^^^^
this veaf. I have paid great attention to the ^'•'•'^•^'^''^'';/ '' ;^;«
for the Hallimore market for many years, and iroiii m "P/='' "
of two seasons with the Fertilizer, can recommend it \Mi.. co.a
dci\ce upon that crop.

I will add that I sold my potatoes at 81,06 .P'-'r ''';?^;l;,-,^!
neighbors sold at Of,c-the difference in price f'W"ig t-'^heoi.i

eiice in quality.

Yours trulv.

Larkij* Yodro.

Balto. CO., near Harrisonvi'le. .March l.*).

Extract of letter a from Dr. K <^"a,V^^-^^\ . 9. rq.'S

I

».'»2.|

AD VKRTISKM i:\TS.

I -.'5

On the 20th of August, l^.50, I applie.l i:.0 lb., of >;' \,[/„ f,
on a fourth of an acre of poor land, that ^'^"1 ""/ '^^ '•V";„d th«
fortv years previous to the applieatiou of the »'.f'',V''^' ",;,, ^f i,mr
ground ploughed in April and strewed over it 10 ''I'S"*^'' . ^.
ln\ about the same of ashes, and ehip '''^t from wood ^arc^^
rowed it well with cultivator, and when I I'^V'/Vf r^Mfh a bnuk.
m Turnip Seed, Timothy and Cloverand ^-''^''-Vlf;;, ,' brougW
The crops of Turnips was 70 bushels, that . t -^^^j'V.^so tfc«
R17,.>0. and at the rate of S70 per acre Last ^J' ""ij" '«^;;,^
crop of good hay was 1,100 lbs , or nt the rate of Ji t'. s p
and now (May, 1S.',2) the appearance ot the grass on tl i^^i^^
far better than it was last year. ^I=^">' P^"''''„Vl"^ecori „g coo-
this small, tlKuigh satisfactory experiment, and are becomi 5
vinced of the benefits of your F<''ft'''zer.

Price-ii?3 per Inirrel, and containing 300 'b8. ^ddreiW*

Pamphlets'containingccrtificates^ca^Uje^obta^

Jnlvl 1852 ' 145 I^mbard St. Balt.mot^

N B To avoid disappointment, farmers desirous of a .upf»
for their Fall Crops should order early.

^1 v\\\ > !• \TI:NT AIMI STAIiLK !U:AI1\(i
AM» .Mo^VI\(i M ACIJINKS.

yianufartured at \Va<ldatn's (i rare, Sl^ ihtn^on r,'i,nti/, TlUnot^ : aiul
' for .""le by John \nun^. Jlam.shurf,'; W f,i lirndij^ Mt Joy; M P.

Dill, ShircmanHown, and David Corklnj, Lnnrastrr^ Pa
Wnrranted to cut all kinds of Grain and (in ~

C<>ri» "»

"> — ' ■ J 1 — — ■ , ■■ ■«•

ed to cut all kinda of Grain and (Jrass ; also Fhx. Millet,
the field, and to gather Clover, TiinotUy and Flux Seed

ttle

w-

dt.-.- , "

ailUcwii J H..MA.NNV

Ki:.\i) Tin: FOl.DOWIXrj TFSTIMO.MAI.S:

Janrsrille, U't.v., August 17, 18.51.
If My one has either gram or gra><H. and wants to have it cut ns
iinofhtto be, he will consult his own iiil.Tt st, byexaminini^ Mun-
)i)i K' iM>"'^' '""' ■^'"^^'"'^' Machine. The simplwity of its e(>n-
itructi'iii witii It.- absenee of nnneees«ary friction, rendt-rs it supe-
rior luaiiy other machiiu; of the kind I have ever seen.

W'm. IIornoN,
I.ife iiHinber of the Royal AgririiUnral Society, Kngland.

Aui^uit. If^Jl.

We,citi/eiiH of lb-!videre and vicinity. Hoone county, Illinois.
have niiiuitrly observeil the opeiatioii u{' Manny's ReaiJcr'and .Mow-
er This inaelime we have Keen at work in wheat that w.is badly
|i*l|rMl.and with a very heavv urowth of straw. The work wsig
(loiM! perieeliy cieun, am. \% 0.11 < .me lor iwo Ii(}r8e8. Ihe same
matliiiie we have seen al work at inowmg — it cuts the grass close
t<j ttie f{rouiid and sniootnly. It works admirably 111 cutting clover
and h.TS denioiustrit.d its. If to our satihlaction, to be a complele
biKtr saving inaetoiie.

P.ivveirJlad.lo.k. L T Dor.i, II .F. Dc.ohttle, Thomas Clark, I, .
Ibirdi. S ^' Stroud. Jeroinc Harper, H IlawU-y, l.saac Mock well
U.ivnl Paliiicr, Wiliium U ulis, T. T. .M. Cliuuibcriin, ami many
others.

George Carpenter Ilrm. Stephenson co., Ill; Abram Mnrcllns.
I.. B Fisher, Tliomas Rodebangh, Charles Hn.st. Waddam's (imve"
Stephenson co , 111 , .-Xiiibrosc Hill, Jones county, Iowa; Jrrhn IJiirn-
plirey, Geauga, Ohio.

Man.ny'* Reaping ANb MowiNi; M.aciiink — We witnessed last

uepregsiiio- while moving along, entting the grain at any height—
H "!( K'.ndniiralde method of o!;viatiiig all snle draught, and the
'■tsv tiiaiiner of eh.nigiiig from reaping to mowing, ;ilT the change
necfgaary h.-ni- rneiely to remove the platt'orm on which the "rani
fa. i—h'r>f],oit Journal, Aui;ust, l^,')!.

.. . Lewisburg, I^iion co , Pa,

•■^ir J. H. Manny:— Your m.i. h.iie.s here fullv answer the pur-
poie; far surpassing McCormick's, Hussey's, and all others I have
•eeuor heard of. Cykus Driesbach.

To FAll.MKIl.S—SAIJXK YVAVVWA'AKU.

Thi« preparation i.s designed to furnish the soil the varion.s min-
"!il "f inorganic materials abstracte.l from it by i)!ant8 m the i.ro-
CfMdf vei;<-t:ition. *

Itcoiitamsa large prop.-rtioii of the salts of I'otash, Soda and
/» mnoma. combine.l with iii-l'hosphateof Lime, Animal Charcoal,
3i!l fertilizing matter j the whole forming a highly coiicen-
"iited manure

inthus offering a new article to the attention of farmers, the re
„ ' , ^''J''^^ "'■ ^^'I'lch rem.iins to be tesfe.l by experience, it is de-
«i not to veiiiiire. upon any assertion.^i respect mg it, calculated to
)„„ if *'^P^''^ations, which perhaps might not be realized ; kiiow-
hav*. I ^'^^*^'^' ^*''** ^''^ principal constitiienis of this comiiouiid
l,gl,^ ,^'! P'^'^ved to be highly valuable separately, it is coiilideiitly

li,.« c< . ."^^^^"' <^'*'"''''>»''<'J> ''» proper proportions in the " Sa-
"»e Fertilizer" will form an excellent manure.

jn DIRECTIONS FOR USE.

icr^ o a^ ^ ^^^'' "^f^'i'J '>e applied at the rate of two barrels to the

c, and spread broad-cast on the surface.
eethiT iT'""S *''*= '^«frela, the salts shoald be found adhering to-
6 "ler m lumps, they should be broken, say with the back of n

Bhovel, up<manoororsmooth surface, und if convemi-nt „ ;..
g.H.d dr, ,,onhl may be a.Mcd. am, wefl mixed kTJre';" In n g

I- or U heat or rye, one barrel per acre m.-.v be used let, re 1^^
">g. and lightly harrowed in, ami the other appl.e I .„ , , 1^.
...g earU.n th- «p„ng. at th.- .•oniMience.nenl\lr ih,. . ^t . .''"-

' l'<"i C.ra.^ It H,.,uld be sown broad-cast. and. if poB«,l when
thegronn.l is wet, or when there,, a probab.l.iv of r, . 't, J'
aolve the lert.liz.ng salts; generally lali ,n the fall <.r e "iV , .h
»l)ring, will be fonud to answer Ih-kI ^ " ""^

the 1:;;" and om. n;"!;' i'^ll'""" "^ "''''''''' ''' "^^'V -- '-rel in
II added to the manure or comp.,Ht pile, the Fertilizer will doubt-
ess increase greatly the ellieaey of the mixture ^

Iheexi.erience of MifMcUuri.rs will probably «uirgcst other

nodes o employ ing ,t, a. h uk Ihev bec'.ne 8.ai„ie,l o, ,ts ili.

t>^ It shouhl not, however, in any ea.c, be m.xe,| with (iiiiek I ,-

VW I'rice, .SJ.'.Oper barrel.

Munulacliirtd and for sale by
Jmmp iq^o^ CAHTI;|< .V SCATTFIUiOOD,
Jl'!^L^^ '^"'^•«' ^> Arch St , Philadelphia.

PUMPS, nitK KXCIXKs, CAST IKoxTT;?^

TAINS, Ac, A...

The subscriber mamifactures Double-acting Lut ..nd Forc«

'^!"'';";. P-ri.;.-"dn-u;ar : hon/.ontab) of nuy uur or c'm'u i?

which irom their simple eonslruetioi. are well calculate, I i.lr Fae-
torie., M,m.« H.-nlway Water .Stations, Tanneries. Hreweries Ir-
r.^.aion, Hydropathic establishments, or any other situation where
water IS reipiired. wimc

VILLAGE AM) FACTOin FIRE E\(iINF<»

.;!l'vl'^L''M'''^''^'''''' '''''■'' '''""'^ 'M'^-) are light. ea..,i;i,ni,dlcd
ami Worked by lew imn

CiKfern .and Well I'iimi)8. for in or out doorn •

Gai^c. ....^ ,, vMui .1 eino, St/..- ijoui.ie acting lift :uid force

pump. Arrange.l withor wiliiontsu.-tion. Thev .Te so a.liust.,!
that .me prrsoii can wheel them l..,m place to piaet. an.l are well
calculated lor aijricultiiral and horticn.lural purpo.»<rH.

Ornamental ( ast iron I'oiintaiuR ,,( v.irio.iH kt\ Ich and |,ri.-. b
Copper Rivetted Hose o| ul| ni/.tn. llnnc CoiiplingH, Mo,, ,.,„.Kn
Lead and cast iron |)ipe8. Ac. '

I ani now ready to r. ceivc orders and build Steam Liigims from .
•J to lo horse power, portable or stationary, horizontal or perpendi-

eular I shall build them in. is a sonplc u style .,» poasihle e

billed with strength and Hurc of g, itmg al everv part, and adapted
torany i)uri.oser.-,piired Whe,, an engine ia '.eriuired b.rraihing
water ot any amount, I can adjust the pumps in a e..mpacl lorm
ea.si'y got at. and diseoimecltMl ir-m the en-ine. when ma rerniii.-^l
tor pumping. In many situ.itionHsieam is the inosl prolital.le m.-ilo
td raisoig water, as the en-iiie can be used tor ..llier i.uriM,s.e.s to
advantai^e '

Also prepared to rec.-ive oriiers or give inO'iiiiJition np.r, Lathes
Plaiuers, Presses. Shatting. Pii i lies, an.l machiiiibt toola in s'eiicrar
irom the firm of MessiB O.SnowA: fo. Mend. ,1 Conn '
Any coiiiinunicafioiis bv mail will have immedi.'.fe .•itteiifion.
I G. ii. FARNAM,;)4 Clilf St., near Fulton, N. Y

SIIAXCllAKS!

''I"'Hi: subscribers take this metlnHJ of informing the citizens of

1 Lancaster and vicinity that thev have on hand an<l bir sale a

large ami beautiful stock of Shangha- fowls, the superiority and

good (jualities of which eanm.t be surpassed hy an\ in the country.

Since the first ImporUition of these fowls from Shangh.n- Chinn
they are bccon ing very generally known, paiticularly in the .New
England States, and are eagerly sought nfter for their general good
• jualities, good laying properties and early maturity, which render
them far superior to any other fowl in America.

These fowl.s can be seen at r, W Arnold's, in Sf)Mth Dukf St.,
opposite the public seh(H)ls, or by tailing on T. H (Jould. at Coop-
er's h<itel T. H Gori.D.

June, lb.?2) G. W AH.NoLI).

.1. .V 1>. FKLI.KMiAr.M. ~

Manvfarturfrs of nil kinls of Sunni Km^inesam/ lioilers, Slide and

Hand Latht'^, Mill and Pre.^s Screws of all Mzrs, ^r.

West Chestnut ft., Lancaster, Pa.

\Ve also furnish castmijsof the best materials, and at the rnopt

reasomible prices. Having had fifteen years piactual experience

in the manufacture of various kinds of machinery an diron w<iik,

we are ;ihle to warrant our work to give satisfaction to all who

may favor U8 with their patronage. [Juno, 18 2.

GTAXO WAfM-: IIOr^SE.

Ko.^')\ Sdvth \\'li(trvr.<, lirlnw Wahiiif S/rrrf.
reriivian and Patagonia r;ii;ino, for sale m larg.r or small fjuaii-
titics, in barrels* and bags, on reasonable terms

JOSEPH L Jr)\'F'S.
No. 55, South Wharves, rinladelphia.

sir.wcirAK Sc roniTX riiixA fowls

For Sit/e.

The subscriber has on hand a number of young Cochin China &
Shanghae Fowls of the latent importation, which he will dispose
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to

PHILIP HUNT,

West Phila., Chesuut at., 2ud t'oor West of Pub. School Ilou*e

126

AT)vr:KTiSKM]:\'f's.

1^52 1

ADVERTISF.MENTS.

EMORY <g6 COMPANY^S

RETAIL liiin: LIST OF IIiM;SL P()\Vi:!;S, TIlKi:SlINliS, SKI>AltAT()HS, SAW MILLS.

I'l.ftilnf Cirr-uliir N;i\v I\M1, *Jl iiwli saw, died ami bcI, hr

sawiiitr HaiiiiiiKrvvfxKl. fcliUi) g fciici 8. &:c.
Ipri^lii or Frll.ie S:i\v for \\ lu tlrii^'iitH,
(liiiriuiig atl;i( liMifiit, f<>r drivii g o u; ur two churns al a

time, of t)arrel >./c. ♦■x(*'pt cliuriis.
Sett Bands. Wrt lu Ik h, Oil Can, and llxtras,
CroiS Cut Saw ar ran;4«'in».Mit8 tor Imltins and ciittiiig olTKigs,
inc'.ndinR Saw, funics and i(inni< tnins l<ir use,

t rri) >! 1 ' . t ;isl I i I 'II

Feed Mills, Fauninj^ Mi '«. \''., iv(., inaiiufacturfd l>y tlirm-
t elvea, and delivered on boanl any conveymn > h at All)any, N. Y.,
(»r at any [ilace in llie United Slates, by the uddiiMn of Jreiu'lit :

Emery's I'at^'nt Changeable Power, Tlireslier, Seiiaratcr and
Hands complete, for '2 Inrwes,
do do do

Kmery's Improved Wide Hack and I'iiiion, with Tliresiier,
Separator, and Hainls for '2 horses.
do do do I on

Common or Wheeler Rack and Tmion Power, T.'iresher,
Sejiarator, and Hands, for "J li >rses,
do do do 1 di'^

If sold separately the fellovving prices are cliarged :

Emery's Changeable R. II. Horse Power, for 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

Emery's Wide Rack and Pinion Power, for '2 horses,
do do do do I do

Common or wheeler Rack and Pinion Power, 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

Thresher, with cylinder 2() inches lo?ig, Mi in diameter,
together with Separator and FixtureB,

Fanning Mills witli pulleys for Hand, S2u,

SI. "in
120

no

no
M)

90
60
95
75

3-)
30

HI

French Bnrr Stone Mill, for grinding, 18 inches diameter,

u /1(. (In do 'JO do

':>q.

40

n

i

n

U»

Power Corn Slieller for 1 or '2 liorst p, 35 to 50

Terms— Ca^h. or ap| rovd notes, or aeecptrinees with inttitit
payal)le wit. in lonr nionlliK, m A.i>any, \<vv \ oik, lio»t .u, | hil
adelphia. or HaiHinore. as may !•• fct sml tin- piireliaseT.

Ail artic es warranted made of good niateriaiu, and toopftatcM
represented, oi may be returned vithin tlree m<»iilliB. at Uie «•
pense of manufacturers for home transidriation, nnd purchiir
money refunded— the purchaser l)eing his own judge in tacliciie
For further paiticulars see previous advertisement, t-r additutbt
subseribc-s. Liberal dediutions to dealers. Local Agt ntiwaiiled
to Bell and put the aljcue m upeiation, I',.\li:R\ & (()

June, 1S.V2. 369 fc 371 Hroailway, Albiuiy, N Y

GRKATlMrUOVKMENTiNlIVDl^VLLKM^AMS

The subscriber, during the past six yenrs of practical experience
in nuttinj; up Hydraulic Rams, has seen the necessity of »ome im-
provenieiit, and would now most respecifully k ly to the conimuni-
ty al large, that he lias completed some very important Improve-
ments, which renders the Ram much more durable— (there iieiiig
no friction or wearing of melals again^t metal in any part of the
machine) also less liable to break igc— b-kIi parts being made of
wrought iron as are liable to break, instead of cast iron as usual)
the me/ho<i <if regulating the qu.iiitity of water c-onsumed is more
convenient, with greater nicetv and no possible danger of getting

ttt of order ; and oiu»lher new feature ta tti«: enameling or coating

the inside surface of the Ram with glass, thereby preservinj it
from rust, making ii tU'iHi waler-pro(.f paint upon the ii'Jt»i(lc)tl-
most imperishable. Tiiese Hamsare wananled lo be more durable
than any others made in the Lnited States, without any txceptutM

Galeliel's D'uLle Aelmg K. mis, have become very vulualile m
raising spring or we 1 watt r. bv means td" a creek The>e Kmt
with suitable I'ipes will be put down, ;aiid warranted for one year,
al the lowest possible pi ice for cash.

(iaKdiei's Itams wid be put u|) ;w!ien preferred as usual, by t'
Si.d.srribrr, wiio has erectCil laigc numbers of them iii vuriuu* pdiU
of tliecouiitrv. , ,

Asto the (iinintitv of water devnteu bv the above ram.acnai-
lenire for 11' t b ps than One Hundred .Dollars is still open. U. aiit
, r all of those persons who alledge that their rams will elevate i
greater ammint or |)er cent of water. The tiiitli is that a reiU n
per cent of water may be raised by the ram. according to Uiow--
aws of meelianirR and phil<.sopliy. and he wh(» pretends to la^s^
mo e may be 8et down as an arrant humbug, and intending loof-

eeive. tlie public. . ,,«!

Lanners and others wantin- R.-inis will Pubsrrve their inl^r«
by examining the above Rams before imicliasing eli^ewh-re ;o»
niav be seen in practical operation at the store at any tune

Pipes of a I kinds furnished, and contracts for pluinbmp at"
lowest rates for Cash. A large variety of pumps, with pipes lo»u
always on hand.
1 The snbs'-riber would also call the attention of tli*- pul>li<- 1^"
i article of I,iohtnirg Rod. constructed upon the l'^"""'P'^' _.
i downbv Pro(ess<,r Mare. Faradv, Dr. Franklin. /-Mntner. Amx
; VV. Snow Harris. F R. S , and other philosophers, who have >»i
' ten on this subject.

They are cheap, efTectivennd highly approved "^ ^,'> Vjll-^^y^-
them. Call and examine f.n ynnrs.dves. ^i ^'i , ■n,l,lcn*

.'!0<) Market St., Third door ab..ve Hh St., N. Bide. 1 iii^adtipn..
at Tiiomas F. Croft's Model Seed Store.
.Tune, 1852.

ALDERNEY AND 1M1MU)VEI) SIIOKT HORN

CATTLE.

TTTRKE thr^rongh hred Abbmey HrMS.frorn n""'J';;'7;;
monthB old, raised from the choiecHt imported stock ' ;j ,„

thoroughbred xoui.g short hem Hulls, t/'", »"V*'i ,% „,ul f r «al«
the farm of Mr" T. '/ Remingb-n^ i.enr ''h.hu'ellh. .an^^^^^^
bv AARON CLEMENT, Agent for the purchnsc nm 'i"-
JoJed stock. Cedar street, above 0th .treet. I'hiladelph.u.
February 2d, 1852.

11?7

Tin; AGRirLI/riHAL DHILL!

A Siicer Medal awarded ly the Maryland State Fair.
Patented NovemJjer 20th, 1849.

DfSTipti.M'. (»f the seeding apparatus. A, is one of a series of
Iron K..lbr8 or pullies, fastened to an Iron Rctd or Axil, whieh re-
volveB witii tlie wheel of the maehine; litting to a curved and
grooved easting H, att:i<-iiei! to the bottom of 'the hopper, eorres-
pniubiig vvitli ii bevedled opemng ill the laU.r. tiirou'^ii wiiieli the
seed IS admitted and rarru-d forward by lio- roller. The quantity
admitted is reirn ated |,v means ot an Ir mi K.kI along the entire
iroiitof the hopp.r, to which all the sides are hrinly attached and
K'-pt ill plare by sprinijH .1 . Tliey are elevated or depressed by a
lever 1), attuched to gaid rod .and opperates simultaneonslyon each
•luleaiid groove. The. levr D. ih held in its position by means of
thecatrii I, having a series of te. th oi u()tches. The roller re-
ceives tlie seed III proportion to tlie si/i' of the opening in the
Kr(H)ve, aied retains it by means of a cap l\ in tront of eadi, and
'■"'ivevsit to the tube (i,throu-h whieh it is di.seharg.-d. terniiiia-
ting Ilia eoiie K. wliudi scatters it across the entire furrow made
by the teeth or shanks H, in front, having a broad base of four or
:n Te iiielirs.

1 In- I'hjrct of the invention is tf) seeurf; an eipial distribution of
""••'-^m the drills either m a8!-endiiig or descending hills; to regu-
at" t.iee,\act (jiiaiifjiy r.own i>er acre, to di^tiilmte -Ami Hcatterthe

seed in the drill, fr()m 4 to .'i inches in tfie ground. <o tii.it it will
be more perfect in its growth an«l yield more than ii «ou ,i \,y
those 111 ordinary use j in fact, posseiising many a<lvant»ig«i« ii,at
cannot fall upon exainiiiHtion to strike all, us the a( coini)aii\ m^r
certiticaieg from C(nnpeteiit judges and practical farmers exprrh*
it, as the best machine of tiie kind in use.

The broad shovels and cones opperate in like manner as r,y mak-
ing the fuirowH with a hoe and Kiiwing by tlo- hand ; hence pecu-
liarly adapted for the Smth in sowing Rice Hy elevating tiie
cones the machine sow* in a manner broad r.tui

We the undersigned, after using MnnnurH I'.itcnt imf)roved
Seed Drill, beg leave to reccnnmeiul it to thtt jiublic as one of the
best, if not the very best machine for the purp ise, ja.s expuRHcd
above, I that is now m use.

Signed David Kinsey, TIenry Ilejrshey, Andrew I'bersole, .John
Eversole, Chas. Redes, John (iarver, M. INLern, Jacob Shop*.. .M I) ,
Samuel NVenger, Peter Eversole, Jogepli ilershey, John LiLgie, j'
Miller, Geo. Noll and Michael Noll, of Dauphin co.; S f'Mierick
Jacob Krider and John Ilniisecker of Lel'inon eo.; Wm Reiry of
Perry ro ; and Samuel Prantsof York Cf)iinty.

Tlie .su'.seri.'-er, re^idnir af Springville, Mt. Joy Po.*f Orrirr,I.jin.
CO., Pa.. 18 now prepared lo sell the entir*' rii.;ht, maniilaeture ami
vend this valuable Maeloio- for Townshiprt, Counties, States or
Territnrios. iijKni reasonable terms.

May. 1852.] JAC015 MI'.M.NLX, I'atentec.

''lji>MILM;STi:AWI5EKliY ''MOVAMENSINr;:'

'^'y,-;"*-'^^ and very snpcrb variety raised by G. Schmitz. Esq

i"^Vk !.''''"''• '""' ^" ^^■'"'"*' '^ i^r'cial Premium was awarded
'> the 'eniisylvania Horticultural Society, was purchased bv the
"ui.ictil)er, and is now after a fair trial of three years, for the first
lime offered to the public.

Uposeegges advantages over all others that I have an yet seen,

orcmtivated— 18 remrirkable tor its robust and vigr»rou« growth—

pertcctly hardy, endnrinti the e.Mremcs of heat and cold, is very

p (Kill .tive, produciiipr ^ jrreater average of huge I)errie8 from one

I»«iittlian any other and neatly erpial in size to the " Hovey's

^ ' ;"'P ' 'l8 !Tre;.t merit is its rich and lugli fhivor, in which it

xc«'U.alh,tlu.rs— It is much better ada[)te(l for market,.(for which

ur^T" '"" ^'"^^'"'S exteiisiv(dy) as its fruit is not so easily iii-

1,,, ">'j;*'^'T«--«ge. Strojg Plants now ready for delivery at $2 per

Burb '''^^^^^''' l'^<'- J AM ES M. TAUE,

uf'ntgtuii, N. J, Address orders to Henry A Dreer. Seedsman
AnrI ift-o ^"'^ fli>ri8t, No. 69, Chestnut »Ucet, Philadelphia.

1

CUTANO AND PLASTER.

iSif"^'*^'"''''''"''' "^''"^ ^^"" *»^''^ ^t the lowest market ratea,
r,,n *'*'"^ '^'■y J'«it:«f^'»"iia fiuano,
^' " ^'"V'Tiiment Peruvian (

500

Tht

I>bl8. Ground Plaster.

Guano.

ed w*th"*'''^ of the above is unsurpassed, and can be recommend-
wuti confidence to farmers and others in want of the articles.
A ODerul deduction made to Country Merchants.
V ^, ALLEN fc NEEDIJES.

^0.22 & 23, S. Wharves, First Store above Cbes. St., I'hila

TlIK FRUnWiHOWKirs II \M>-H()OK.

iiiKdiiraged by the Very warm eoinmenilal ions of thiH wtnk x>-
ceived abke from experienced norticnltunstKand from the wholly
inexperienced, the author ventures with some confidence U) sub-
mit it to the public at large.

Notes of all the importiint rjuestions on fruit culture asked of ihf
writer during the last ten ycais, with a thorough research of I <>-
mological works, have contributed to render tins volume as rorrn
plete as possible, in convenient compa.os.

To the lot-holder who wishes to make; the most of a few f)!aiita
and little room, as well as to the extensive planter who wishes to
arrange and cultivate his gardens in the most economical and pro-
fitable manner, the Hand Book will be found a useful conipamoo
for frequent reference.

GT Price, FIFTY CENTS. Two copies, post free, frr $L
Address, WM. G. WARI.NG.

sept. 185L Boalsburg, Centre co.. Pa.

FINE STRAWBERRY I»L.\XTS.

Ptrawherry Plants of several varieties and (me finality ran h^*
had bv the hundred orthoug.and at the low price of !jl per hinidrod,
by addressing with amount enclosed,

JAMFi^ O'CONNOR,
Safe Harbor, Lancaster eo , 1 a
AH ofder^will receive prompt attentuai. [(i«pt. IML

" GUANO

Pernvian and Patrngoiiia Guano foi sale in lots to suit pnrrhnsf^*
by J.CASSEDY A SON,

No. 121, S«)a thWatex tt., a few duors above Dock at^. Ph^

i)

'■."■*' "-^•5,-'»'J

..•^^pm^M

12S

An\ EKTTSEMEXTS.

(In

^Mi^imr;*

J?r

A nil air ciiaini.er-H. Ixxly oi r;nn-~r vi!v.- cliUiiiluT.^-D.
^,.lve— F.couplmirford.-livery pijv- II roiiplm.,' U>r drivini: i>ii"'.

.1. II. ( iiu iii>ri:u,

NO. 23, SOTTTn '11,11 rn sri{r.i: T. rmi- vdi'J.phia,^

A(il"/N'l' f*)r llirkiiihiiies i'.ilem inipiwvtu ii .unu.... il.im. ^
Force I'utnps, Street SU)p8, Fire Plugs, and Hydraulic Muclunery •

'"'fhe' superiority of these Rams over afl others is the great \
am )unt oi water tlirowii to that wasted, the hirge size they can be
constructed, the durahilitv of tlierii, as well as the small amount
(>f attention and repairs thev require-many running at present tor
4 a ul 5 years, without any repair. At the present time there are
n the United States, Cu!)a, Mexico and South America, about

2tJ<)t) in successful operation. ,- , ,;„,i „,;♦>,

The town of Naples in the .State of New ^ ork «s supplied with
water by one of these Rams, throwing 2i),(KX» gallons a day. xVluny
more could be menticned if si>ace would permit.

Pers ms wishing Rams sent to them by measuring the amount of
water their bro..k or spii.ig atVords, per minute, the head and fall
thev can procure, the elevation t.. be ..vercme, and < istance to e
conveyed, can have the proper Ram and Pipe sent them, with di-

''^The'Kp'.i^t'in'm-t cases, is smal'er than a well nn.l pump.-
Lelters i))st-paid.wlll meet with promi-t att.nli..n. U hen desired
an ex pe nenced person will be sent to put them at a small addit.o. -
al expense. Lead and Iron Pipe for sale. These R.ms are war
ranted in every respect. ^ "'.

n^rrrVN ! M.r.\.\>l FATA 1-T11KI-^1'<'^1^^ ^ALK.

5()0()0 Peach Trees of one an.ltw. vcirs cr<^wrh, iroin the Mid i

40 000Apiries; 5.000 Chern-. ; 5 ( Dwarf P-:;rs. ea-h cut. m-

in.'r -ill the most esteem. Ml varieties, and ot wu-o m/- A.so.

u.nees Plums, Nectarines. Apricots, Aln.-n.ls. . .;:,>es .s;. .-r-
r es, r.o'.sel.erries. Currants. Mrawbcrncs. \r . \c. •:";;,, J'

a I \sh-leaved Minle Seedlmes ot one year., irr-uvtli ..H, Ap-

n leSeeJl '"^« The above will be sold <m li,e m.>s rcM.onahle

nns'rs.n8 residing at tlie south and w-.t sli-uild s.m. .-r
orders early. Catalogues with prices aimexed wiU be^ ...t to all

""^FebruaJy, 1852-2 mo».j n>ghstowu,Merccrro N Jersey.^

~ COTTAGE FrPvXrn KE.

D;;;nt:d'.Uera...an..wor.^

tare consisting of '''^•^'^^' ^'^ ', 'i^,:,, >, ' v i • wivr ciivilJ^
STWD TOil-RTTARLi:, and FOLR CAM, M.A I ( IIAIK.^

as low as S3l) per suit, and upward to 8100, gotten up in the most

'T'l'ose'wh^ arc about furnishing hotels, cottages or city, resi-
I nose ^vn a i^ , J. f„r„i,nre, which for cheap-

;l:^du:l;;;mt;;;^d^d^.ce^sfar preferable to the old heavy

kmdsof mahogany, Ace. _„^,„trv promptlv nttendwl to awl

Orders tro.n a 1 paits of the country P\,^./^ >^,n.,^ ^ ^^^

^N^;n"'lo.i;s: No 4 and 0. South Seventh st., between a^m^A
Market streets, Philadelphia. ^^^'^- ''^

UKNRY A. PUKKirS

SEED AN1> IIOIITICULTURAL AVARKTIOUSE,

No 50, Chosnut st, near 3(1, riuladolphia.

ConttantU'on hand a large and well seleeted a8«;»rtment of

G^^7^^FU<i,r^ra.s,an.i6•ar^^n.SV./>■, Tn.i Tru., Grape Vtnes,

Hortienltnral Implements in great variety.

Srillogues forwarded ..i r^st pa,d un^UctxUon. (.ep.- I

IMPOllTAM TO FARMERS!

JESSE UOBKKT'S TATKNT rNlTKl) STATES
(iKAlN AM) SEED FAN.

TO W II 1 ril WAS .\ \V A K I) i: I) T 11 E

FIEST I'KKMIFM

At the Pennsylvania Af^rKMiiturnl I'a.r, after atrial the fairneuof

11 ,-i I ' .1 1 . .» I 'I'l. ».. l- -...a til., iiiiroiitof rv>>ifi(<<ii<t

\\. , . , I 'i 'li 1 I • .1.1 ,,ii , ..I-

Iv aHs.it?». arc the only Onrs imw m use eiitirt l\ ailcquale l<i tfk
wants oi ih< taruKT. The ol. jrct of the inventor was in >l directed
aliuie, to the purp'Se dl Cleauiug ^raiii, iait ff cieainiig it and
saving at the stiMir lime the farmer lae imulde of gathering it
fr"inUif Ho. -r, thusi;..! on'.yavoidine labor, but kreping the ^raiE
from the dirt on the iloor. In a^hlitioii to ihia, these Fans, pogitu
greater advantages than those constructed upon the old plau.-
1 These advantai^es are as follows :

First. The arrang-'inent is such, that a quick shake can bcob-
I tained bv turning slowly, thus sewunng when desired, a leas qua*.
' tlt^ i^' f'T ainall seeds.

I Secouil. When neressarv a s'ow ;-hake can br s.'cured. by rapjd
turning. This i.s ot" inniirnst' advantage, as it a<iai.t8 the fan,to
' the clfaiiiiii; of al; kinds of Hffd.s.

Third, Anew iiirihod of a.lMisliiur the riddles and Sfrew* 1 t
gives the operator the advaiila-.; oi placing thrm in aay yM
bes adapte-d to accomplish the purposes <'t a gram Ian. i-vfry
ruldle and screen has a separate adjuKlmen*. so that eich one cm
be fixed at anv angle without the necessity of taking thf m nut

Fourth Th'.> izrain. instead of falling on the Iloor, as m usuair
Ih.' r.s.'/is discharged, bv means of a small trough, into the halt
t,„«hel .T other measure that may be placed uixler it by thuai-
ra.'rM.nentthecrain is all m-aMired, by the time it i.-* cNnfd
thu.ssavingi.ot on' V labor, buttime,and con8er,ueiitlv exrnie.M
well as keepir.g the ^ra.n Iran e. iitaet with the dust nnd .h n
tlo.,r For this rea^ an; the laii. can be pal iii opera* mn an\ u rrt.
with as little trouble as ihe cuiimnu laiis can be used in a far.,
Iloor.

Fifth, The simplicifv of their cnstrnctinns renders thcin Ice
liable to -el out oi' repair than other mil'.s.

F.M- the above reaBuis.we cuifidentlv recommend oi.r t a.i. .

piildic patriMiage
reasouab'e tt^nns
by addtes.sing po
ry CO., Pa.

Norristown, December, 1, ISol

rnvileires to maiiutaetnre w
Satisfactory int'ormatiou can

he 'ir'uito'
pr^Miii't'

vf pai.I, the sat)senl)cr at

Ni rr;st. 'Wii. M"' t^ "•«•
" JESSKKUHF.KTS.^

I

IMv I MMM-ance for Horses, «Sic.

TIIF. American Live St<H-k Insurance Company, (^^ockdiolder^^^^^
1 dividuailv Liable) for the Insurance o( Horses, Mules, f^m

bJ:^^' Cattle. Ic ^ "p--^' ^^^'-^'' '^^•'\i'T:';:; uai','; o?ti

.N.se. Also, upon Stock driven to F.astcni markets, or triiasp»i««

^'""^''- JOHN ll.FRlCK.

General Agent for Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

REFER E.N CES :

Wood, Abbott & Co., ) .,,,..
Truitt, Brother .Sc Co.. [. Philadelphia.
Coates &. Rrown, )
Agents:
TOITX ZIMMII'MAN, Lancaster Pa. ,

ril M'vLr.s F Li;irK, Reading. Pa.
VwilFI II •rA\'LOR,Mauch Chunk, Pa.
^'"''^^ '■' D . John G.'^cox-krn, Veterinary Surg^^-^^
May, 1851 ) Examiner tor Lan^asterCo";;^

^aiINmn>rrFmV^ SALE ^

TIIF subscriber ofVers f..r sale a few pairs of »•'»";," r„nl«i
ci^^A.N CHINA FOm

April, 1832— 2 m

I

vol.. 2.

lAXFASTHR, |'.\., AFfiiST, I^.D

NO.

.i

T II 1^ I' A l{ M .) 0 F |[ A' A L. '-"' "'•'yacn.. ,„■ i:J^~iZ7ZZZZ u>

' -^-_=^ . .1.0 c„h,n-,. „!■ .;,„.,,„„ s.,.,,. Tl,.. ,„,„.„,, ,,„;„^

S. .'«. H \I,!i!:M.\\ 1

A. ,M. >!■ \ Si.l.ll;. I l'"iini!s.

••■*!iwrj» w^r^^w..:: rj

I.aiiili, rirs >,.,.,! I arm.

The followinnr account i^f L:;n<|r. i|/s tpM, rated
sped farm, will prove interesting to our readers. We

cd is ii/iiiK'nsf' and tlio nii'.Li,- ,. r ' . '' ' *"'"

"■""i '-'m any nthrT source,

AI'-. I^s cu.lotners resid.- prinnfnflv ....U and

'-tol^.w^.H^.^ton,|^,,,.M|.. Ka,(;,,,,j,,,^,,^,

1- shores oMl..|>acilic. I n n. .,...:..,.,., tr.

dced in scarcely a handet Witl.in that vast area, an-

...Mt IVon. t,.t ceeUent paper the .;.„,„„.„„, t,..,- „n,.n,.w.,;.„„ 7^:^ l^^H'T

le,rapnth.n w ucl. no other has dono more for ! r.e.ly ,/,... ,,„„j,,, „onsand /L r 1, ,' s'

he cau.e of a«ncuU„re. Ti,.. 7 W- ,„;,/, u:..-, .. •• l,:,n Intii's Gar.l..,, S,.e.l«-V.l ! '' '' ''' T'

W,ove, the i,M newspaper ,„ IV,.,,-, K, ,„,. i„ ^ wlnl. (n„„ his ex,K,rtut,o„s t, , U "' "

«na,..p,rite. a.l ....,,nsin, ed,u,r .i,.erv.. .ho w,„..„ ,„„„„' l:!:^: ' -'''''^'' " -^-" "">' "^

lhanlc3ofthefarniino.conii,uinityforthi.scon,ii,enda. ^, . , , . ,

"--- ' •'■■ '■■ ''"^■snot prores,s to raise al) i)„. ,,,.,1.. )„,

!ile step.

IlwillbeFeen thnl the accouiil of y,r. l/,,,lntl,-
firm is from lli,. i,iii„it,,.sorthp Rm.i.Ts- Clul, :„, -,-
'ooi.tionrn,nn.K.,]„f:,h.„iM,lnz,.„ ,„l,H,..-,.n, .„„-

vends, hut gives his per«„r,l ,-,i„ „!;,.:, ,„ ,1,,,^^ ,,,,^„.
t.es that recju.re frrealer car... ,.,„,,l„u„,, „„„,,,„ ,1^,^

-•H"ry an,| ,n K,„..|„. ,„ p,-,,,,.,.,, „ ,,,,,„„,,

l--;"l-rwsi„„. Tins ..vs,,.,„ «,■„ ,.,:,,,,,,.,„,,, (.J

: 7-'""'- ' ^- '"■ -■■'■ ■• N..nd a day .n .-.., , . „„ „,., f, . l^^^^^^^^^

""fMaminaliiin <,l'tl|.. crn-K 1,, •. i. i i .i , ' ' "'^" -^^ '""l ■'■id.-^laction to

,,,11 ' r'V--i"".l'' "I eiillurr, iVr. as I'nili vpikI.t and luirrlK-isrr

»■'"■ ".'.euhnral p„r.,„s. ^V,. s.,,.,| ,a!.. , . , , '" T " ""■ '■'"'' ""•" '"^ "M-n-s U.r n.annre

^-aftor ,0 pul„i.sh port.on.at least ,„„„.. , ' , ! ' , ' ' "^".^/t ^ "-' '^ " n-^ year.

'"?"-or the benefit of our reader.s, at the sale time I „' „ :''"•'' '"."' '"''"'" ' ' '^ "- "«k.n-

;;-'<".. .liat ,he estaldishmen, „r s„W, .d^l't ' s" „' i.Tr; T '" '''■ ' '' '"" '"-'*

'•>"ytown.sh,p,„ ,l,„.s„,, u„nld prove no. onlvai T' U r '"^'"^^y '"'^""""S •'> nnUn:.', trn.l,ty.

-<- -rmterest to al, concerned. !„; a 'of ' : ;,; '" """■, " ^ » '"^■^ -^""- -WL^lv ., ul.

"^»' value to tl,e cau.se of agriculture .enerallv • n I f "■" '■ '- """""'' "■^- '- "'"

Thrnuh n,„, , n, r "^"""''- *='""""> • continue to apply manure always wifj, ,!,. ,,r,„r,r,

Uub met at Bloomdale, the residence of D. crops. ' '

v,o„si;;„ : ''■• "" ''"' ^^"' "'■ •'"'«'• ^« we pre- The whole plantation, larc^e as it is, annually re-

^^^^ OSina report of a Club meeting held at Blooms-
1*^1 'thiT'' ^'-"'""^^^^^^^^'-c^^bod somewhat in de-

^^Ihall T^'^""^' ''''^''"^''^'^' """'^ interesting estate,
,,^^^^ on y e^jumcrato some striking features in the

Mr J ' 7 '^^ ^'^'"^-^ral modus operandi pursued by

•^le is «t ^ " ^'''^''^ However to state, that Blooms-

DeW» "^ ^^''"^ ^"^^ '"^^^^ ^bove Bristol, on the

'ver, and consists of about two hundred

T0LII-«K

ceives a dressing With mannf, a portion t.f which
applied V,ns ..prir,::, was $.100 uorfli of I»<.ruvjan
.unnr>_princ,pally on the bean crops ; ami h,- tlnr.ks
that the guano is admirably adapted to the Jira.sica
tribe, including turnips, cabbages, ruta baga, radish
and other cuciform plants.

He informed us, however, that bis main reliance
was on street dirt from the city, which is comported

li

130

EPITOTM \L.

■tuiiafcj

'•mwmm*

>»■»»■ III

with BUiblo iiumuro from tho same source and tin
produce of his barn-yard.

s(M'(l ; also that all lh(» root crops except the beet and
carrot may stand out aa they f^row, if dcHigncd f„f

[MlUCe OI nus Uiim-j-ani.

The live .lock of the farm consists of oif;hl hor.os see.l the next year
for f.r,.. work throe M.ules, one pair of working There in a great length of w.gon roa.l between
n,l Co cow. He purchases his butter, as he the sevral crops on the place, all wluch was,„ b.,^
oxen, and two cows | u ^,^^^^ onler-the weeds being d.stroyc.l, the ruts (M

finds it less -costly than making it. | ^^_^, ^^

A,„ong other striking i"U-— s ut_^^— t^^^e': Vilkinson^^'atent Rut Scraper.^

«ince the n>eet,ng of t'- ^ "^ ^ ; "'^ ^ „^^ ,,„. ,,,,„ which had been a long ,i,„e in ^

mform.Ml, is intended as a .e. > „ double meetin- to be runnin- out, was n..w vi-orous and

rrldace, .,d w,.h .hoiu .he single laborers i ...... ..--;^. -r^ ^^^^, ^^^^^^_^^^^^ ^^ ^^^

board. nesi.le these several other dwelni.^s ^""y^^j^ ^ _^.^,,;,^^ „,^^„ j|,^,,,,iike numerous and mte,...
drying houses have been ercct.-dwahm a U ^^ .^""-i.^^^^ Ui 4 presented themselves on all sides of us,:
_tho roofs of which as well as that re..nl,y put on ^ -' ^^^^ , ^,_^,^ ^^.,.^ Jil.iomsdale f.rm. Thore

the main ham, (which is perhaps one of th<> largest
in the country) arc all of slate. Tl,. y l^ri,, :,n excel-
lent roof, give the bnilding an improved nppcaruuce,
and as we were informed, and as we bcl u've, it is the

cheapest roof in .■!■ rUorc ,s an unusual de- 1 ^^^ _^^^ , _ ^^^^^ _^ ,^. ^^^_

grec of ingenuity and taste displayed in the const r,.^- ^ ,.^,^.,„.„ „, ,;,., aiscase in many part, ^

fion. particularly the internal arrangetnent, as w | TK r . ah ,. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^,^^ .
as in the relative position and convcmenee u. au the , the U . eontagiousness and rcm^;.

buildings. They arc painted wtth m.neral pamt. ap- , rcf.nncc J^ ^^^^^^^^ „ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ .^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^,,^^

plied and contrasted with good taste. We were par- | ^.^^^^^^.^^ Although various theories in rogardtoi.
ticularly struck with the great care that I.mI been j ^^^^^^ ^^vanced, no sin-lc one seems yettobiw

taken and expense incurred to prev. 1,1 a,.. .ssd3.1ity, • ' • --.:.. u ;..,..

ut- walked ;nvl rode over Bloomsdale firm. There
was however an interchanj^e of opinion between
some of the members of the Chib on harvesting ad
markc{i7i^ the small rerrals.

of the various small seeds being mixed. 'i'h- same
care and attention is also given in their production-
the extent and variety of whirl,, w.-.M seem to
make it almost impracticable.

That our readers luav !• rni sonie idea of the com-
,,l,.xitv and "X-rPTit of the system tiPi- rractier,:, u^'
l,,/c.\\rcU.\ a r;ilulno-nn of son..- nftl.r prineii.!.'
.nn).anat!i.Tm ..f nirli, whuh w. ani.r.x-oni.tt-
llantnus minor rr(i|i-.

ing mi--ct

Quantilu of Lnnd on mrh of ih' various ('rops,
' /yr.. a! liloo)ns<!,ilr, Jor l-.):i

Beets, '"^2 a^^^^'^- ^^i^'^*)';

'Z acr<^^,

5

B.^ans, (dwarf) 22

Pole, do
Cabbage,
Carrots,
Cucumbers,

Lettuce,
Parsley,
Parnips,
Pea8(ex. carly)3r)

11)

3
4

4i
it
it

(i

Spinach,

S(iuashes,

Turnips,

Rut a ba^a,

Com,

Potatoes,

Oats,

Ci rass.

Pleasure grounds, 8

• ) I

8
8

10
1
1

i4

((
4t

Radishes, 9

By Mr. I.'s system the beau crop follows the pea,

and other crops succeed those pl.i.l-d ui tlic .pi^ng
—thus securing two crops in the same year from the
same laul, tlie advantages of which it is evident,
must be very great in many respects.

Wo were informed that bulb seed gcner.ally, one
year old, will grow better than new, but that they
will be about three days later sprouting than new

claimed more tlru, a mere passing notice. It i.n«
„„,i,,u.ntion to lay down any particular tiieory .
relation to it, hut simply to call attention to »r
/;„■(.• which have foUen under our observation, «rf
which may prove useful hints, upon which more .r
poricnccd horticulturists may improve. AnJ«be.
l.ke occasion to say that we do not behove theJ.o«
,,, 1,,. ciiiin- .-Miitagious ov insurable.

\S 1,1, r. ; r-nce to its contagiousness:. ,vn«Ullfel
U,u,.d... l..lieveit,so.soonasan, r„in,a,.a^aj»

,,,l,,,,U,..vcg.al/,.kiu,.i..n.l-.l:.-.;^.v--l;l. -
,,,„„, „. ,..r,.r b<.iug .!— d v.uh the UP»
w-vitin.' palientiy till more minute iuvestisat.on*
research shall satisfactorily determine the true.*

"^ Neither do we believe the disease to bo incur.fr
n„d for the lollowing reasons : .

Last season we took possession of ^''-^' ^
.bid. contained a number of I-c | -' .^
choicest varieties. The owner, a S-' "^"J
ligence, and also a skilful »--'"="" ;f;j;\lK:
as a favor; that a dozen or -ore of the t««
prcseiiled unmistakeablc evidences of he y^^,
might be removed, root and branch, let
Uis"superior judgment induced us to co.p '^
with his request. Half a dozen trees ^ere «^^

and the balance reserved f«-; «-P«";";"' J^,^^
not better describe their condition at thetim
charge of them, than by by quoting from ,

IP.12.1

KDITORlAj,.

Fruits and rruit Trees of America." lie kuvm the
iiifidlihie Hyinptiiins,iri|i,. Yidhiwsar.' the f.dlowin"'-

1. Thi' production upon the bnmclKvs (,f very
xkiuhr win/ shoots, a few inches \uu\r und bcarin*'
Ftiirvcd. dmiinutivc Ic:iV(>s. 'I'I„..s(» leaves are not pro-
truded from (he extrcmcties, hiit from latent bu<l,s on

til" main p«»rtion of (lie stem and lar;^" l»ranehcs.

The leaves arc very narr.»w and small, (piit*; distinct
from tho.so of {\u\ natural size, and are either riale,
vt'li'iw, or destitute oJ'eolDr.

•J. TiieprcmatMiN'ripcnin;r (,f tl,,; fruit. This takes
pl.icc from tw.» to lour wt^-ks carll. p tliaii liie proper
f,v\<«\\. The fir.^t sea.son df the di.sease it ;;rows to
n-Mily its natural size ; the f<dlowin;r season it is n.,t
iiiMrc than half or a luurtli of that size; huL is always
marked externally, (whatever he the natural color)
with specks and lar<;e spots of jmrpli-h red. Inter-
nally, the flesh is more deeply (-olorcd, especially
areiMid the stone, than in the natural state."

Snveral of the reserved trees being of the (dioicest
varieties, we eon( hided they wore worth an effort to

i:U

(^^liaiiuil ^L'inii!UiuuUija3.

i.UIKtr Illll'Kisrr.

Mk. Kmrou: Mrs. l>ierson, has T pereeive mn-
d"sc..n.ie.i t.) notice my short papcT, on r.un,..r Inlhi.
''•x^o, which n,,peare<i in your .M-.v n.nnher. After
a careful readii,;^. of her reply, I hardlv know wh.th-
or a continuance i„ the discu.ssion on this (p.e.stion

with that o.xcelleMt lady. Nvill he of anv hen. fir in itH

further (.hiei.lation, bee;ms<M,r theexe liro^ ,•,,.. ti«

remarks she was ph.,s..,| f,, ,,„,,., ;„ ,,,,,.,,„.,. ,,,
those, (niyseH'irududt'd,) ul,,, ;,,,. ,,,,, ;

" »'

lieV'

tie (Ir\ i,,i' art of A

ll|'l <•!' I.,

; 1 1 1 ' 1 ill.' I J ! ! I ■ I'

IIOilij II ,,.}.

-leir.M Ml

I'lie-

ers in , ,. -i : » i m- ,ii i m .\ v[ |-, ,|,,,rv .
contempt sIk; entertains h.r Hie li-ht ,,f
cnce." ();, il„. first, sh.' i • lu.n-ks T - It uuuM
that iMedieus, in common wn!, In.
luersof themoon. d. i„„ kmu (1^1 ti,f divine !]oc
trino of Astroh.;;y, ineln.lin;^ the n<,die zodiaeie influ-
ence of the mo(m, in conjunction with the planets,
is a veritable science, and not a piiantMii of dark-
ness, and offspring (.f HupeiMiti(,uH ignoran(;o." It in

^\ r\ I' L . ' I'.w.^x,. r.niu;ifttiui)us i^inoranco if

Kivc hen. Our hrst step .as „. ..,„ ..ay the true, Medicos do-s not believe A^tmi:,, t„ „ 'a J

l.ranehes that appeare<l most affected. W'l; then
hotidcd in the rcMuainder, pretty severely, after whitdi
cinders from the locomotives on the (\dumhia Rail
Road were tipplietl to a depth of six im hes, the
'Iretising extending as far as the extremities of the
lirunches. The cinders were then turned under full
»«pade deep. We saw no immediate improvenent,
and were led to fear that .uir Lruu!>le liad been for
nau;;lit. This spring, however, we wen; most agree-
ably surprised to find every tree thus treated, putting
forth leaves as vigorously as any of the other trees in
the orchard; and at the present time, July 18, they
are all apparently, as vigorous and healthy as ever
they were. The fruit om-h tli m -In <■> iim ii,,l, ration t.l
premature ripening, wiilK; tht; n .u -:mu tii of wood
exceeds twelvo in. -he.. As (.,.;,[ is „- d <,. :, .-. ,t;un
extent upon tin- 1,m.,,,,i iti-.... iV.,ni wl.i^i tlic tie' dn-

derswercprociir.d. t;i:ii f:,ft ^!,,,;iM i,-,f |„. lurgotten.
Besides whiel. a ...... .l,l.,aM.' ^iu,n.;ity of ashes was

mixed with them.

In stating these facts, we have no desire to be und(;r-
Btood as asserting locmotivecoal cinders to hen sprrijjr
<"'jrtlieyellows; butwed.tlnnk (liaf If furnishes con-
clusive evidence, that the disease is not wholly with-
out a remedy. It off.Ts encouragement to renewed
^xp'Timents, and may possibly lead to results which
*iave long been sought for.

nc

he modern humhu"- of

r

, ^'^ ^^ 8"KKi'.— The age of sheep may he known
'•' ^^" ^''*»"t teeth. They are eight In rnnnber, and
^Ppoar the first year, all of a size. h. the second
I'uZv'] ^"f"' "'••i^llf' ones fall out, and their place is
Hillll !l .7 ^''''' ^^'^^^ «"««• I" the third year a
lari^ot /i '*'' *'^'^*** «'^^'*- ^" <'»« ^*'»^tl' vear the
^*holo f ^'*'' "^''"^ '" Tuimber. In the fifth year the

wh<J ' i-^ ^'^''^^' *^''« ^'^''^^' I" tiie sixth year the
'"'^" begin to get worn.

doctrine, any more t! m
"Sr)iritual Knockinn-."

Concerning modern science which we fiupp(,so
means modern scientific discoveries, we are thus ad-
dressed. " In tlii.s,as in every other instance, modern
I science bears about the sam.- r. l;,;i ,i. i,, trwih, that
j atheism docs to (i.»d,and the proud sneers (,f the one
against the subject of its enmity ecpially with the su-
percilious ridicule of the other, will perish In r.,n-
tempt. while the great prlneiph,'s which they havo
impotently as.sailed, remain glorious and unimpaired
forever." Now, sir, although these are severe re-
ni.irks, yet y,u uijj p.. revive they c-n-am ip. argu-
ments, eith.r in Cr.m- ,,f A h- !.._iry, ^r a-nin-- nexj-
'''■" ■'■''•'"•'■ •■ •"id i-;i I til ■;. li ,M uttered hy a gentle-
'"■^"- ' '^!i"i'l ! " -i lM-ii:it' fi r ;i ni ne i,i f,, niake
'"'•'■'■ "-'■ "i r.fui:iii, n. 1,0', ! . r.Muove ai. e.^crescnce.
But their anil;.. r, helongs to that gentle ,ii; I „vely
portion of the coniiMiihify, for wht, ill I entertain (he
most profund regard— and rather than be un-entle,
or discou.teous to one of the sex, I will be willing fo
rest umler the imputation of being a "'j/lasph. nuu- of
the mt;on," aiul an • Astrological Athiest. '' all iwy
life.

First I am asked to separate the injhience from the
lir/ht of the moon. Most are aware that the luoon,
as a body, like our globe, fumes.ses attractive p.»wo.-,
and in proportion a.s Sin; approaches the Kjirth
so that infleunce increases, — lience, when she is in'
her perigee, the tides rise the highest, and tin; re-
verse, when she is in her apogee. Now, this attrac-
tive influence is easily discovered to be quite distinet
from the light reflected from the face o themoon
upon our globe; this light earning from the ^-reat
fountain of light— the Sun. And just aa the bright

or' 7k

1«2

COMMflNICATlONS.

TArorsT.

I

Burfaco of Htool on jjlasH, that r.'flccts li-ht, is not the j
lljrht, HO, the moon, is not the li^^ht yhn roflorts. I

Wo nro next dirootiMl to tho cases of 8.-v(^ral unfor- ^
tunatc boin-s, who in doar day li-ht, c-ut thrir throats,
or juniped into wells, ])ut ^vho aro now f^one,

♦* To that eternal shore, ^^

Where moons shall wax, an<l wane no more.
An.l all those dire calamith's hapiMMied, it seems at
dilTeront ehano;es (.f the moon ! To these statmients
we mako no ohjections, tlu^y hrin^ :»11 arguments on
our side of the'qu'^stion. Next, wo are told, "every
Sddw^.man' knows, that nature has certain yov]-
ods rounded 1.V u ]v-r;od of about luvnty um-lav^.

Medieus, we believe ku^.u^ thi^ ton, who be-, to n-
j-^j. 1^ .1 |>. ,,, I'l^r. i:.(;:ioch"s work ou ihls dcliral.'
8ubieet. (Pa;;e 15.) Next in order wt^ are direeted
to Prof. Cannin-s artiele-we h:■.^r r. ;M it :,,m1 tin.]
it does not in direct terms claim lunar iniluonee, but
believes that certain atmospheric variations are dis-
tin^aiished by Physiological and r.iiUolo^ical eUang-
es." For which he observes, -We can reasonably >n-
fer then, that the moon has an intluence on Miai ac-
tions." 'This whole matter, we see, rests on and is
resolved into a simple supposition. Thr l;>tt. r por-
tion of Mrs. Pierson's article being the result of her
own experience, we will not attempt to controvert it.
But promise, should we ever make similar experi-
ments, and find th.^n caused by lunar influence, we
will without delay api.risc her of the result.

Mkdicus.

rhiladdpliia, Jnhj 0///, l^r)2.

An Experiment for Believers n. .veil ns SKe,»15rs.
The belief obtains to some extent in this country,
that certain operations in 1armin<r are more advanta-
geously done when the incu.M i. m the ascendinnr
node, (or according to so'n- a!n>an:u'. xvh'>n il i-Mil.
up) and that others shnnl.l bMlo,.- v. !,■ n ih" imuni i.
in the descending II. ><!., or points d- wn. Sono he-
lievincr that a post pbnt, .i wh.n tin" moon pmnt. up,
will have some t.Mnloncy to draw up :nnl u.!! m-t
stand well, and that this influence extends tu tlie
time of sowing seed and putting out manure, &c.—
I observe in the Farm Journal for July, that l.ydia
JanePierson proposes a method to determine the
truth of it, viz : By laying a hoard on the ,,ra-~s wlnn
the moon is in the descending node, and aiiollier
whon it is in the ascending node. The first of .which
she says will settle close to the earth, whilst the oth-
er will not. This mode of proving the theory of that
kind of lunar influence, if carried out to Fufiieien:
oxt-nt, seems to be fair, and what can be tried so
oaally should not remain doubtful. If tlio theory is
true, we are entitled to its advantages; if it is not
true! it should cease to interfere with our operations.
1 therefore propose to those who have time and incli-
nation, to make experiments for the extension of her

plan as Inlluws, in order to render it mon' conclusive,
viz : Provide 00 small pieces of hoard of ritual siie
say :^ inches npiare, or larger ; s» lect u piece of ^ri„
ground, on wliich lay one piece each day till all a^
laid, taking care that they shall not be disturbed, «
moved, till one month after the last piece has been
laid. Mow a si)ace each week sufficient for laying
the pieces to he laid that week, if the theory is irup,
it will a])p*'ar at the end of the time by each scrie,
of II or 1."), dilV.'ring from a like number iimnediaie.
ly preceding and fidlowing, thnmghout the whole
nuiuh(-i-, one pMt 1\ ing as if attracted to the prround,
.,,,,] th.' otlicr p-trt Mr- if" n o.'ll.il j'r.^ni if. Ifnosucii
;ippearance present,-, tlio lli-o'-y ni;iy, as roirards thii
l^ind o!' ;ic1ion, !"■ pi-.-nni. ■.! 'o: !"' t". !:-.■. 'rii'Tcigno
,l,,,,l,t !h;it ni;iltors thrown on tli'- ^moiiipj, s(iinetime»
do adhen* moro cio- !y to the earth than at other
times, when eireuiuslances do not seem to be differ-
,,,,1, ui/,rh I hi\o >ni.,H^od n-.iiJit 1.1' owingtotbe
moist i)r dry >t.ilo of tlio -jronn^i. Attention shouij
therefore be given n- il.o :i mount ot' r:rii. and tim'
.,{• f-illing, nn'l to all oiiior matters that may haveuj.

lliionee.

Arraim She says that briars, if cut down whontlK
moon is old, and in the sign of the heart, if they dc
not die at once they will never thrive but dwindk
away and perish. 1 believe that common black k-
rv l.ri:irs are in such state in August that theyiMj
be nior(> cflecte.] by cnlti.-- otV tbm. thin at other
times of the year. On t bo Mb -f August, of the
present year, the moon is in the last day of the lis
quarter, and m the sign of the heart. I therefore
propose to experimenters, who have briars to cat
that they cut a portion of them on the af\ernooDu
the 1 lib. ana iinotbM- portion on t bo ->:.!, when tk
„,,,,, ,v.ll ho about tb.rir.t.iuar'or, Tor ti,.' p'^rp*
of te<t-n"-the huiar mlhu nr<' iutb;it matb-r. I thii
these exp.rnno. IS worth the attonliun of timse tk
l,,riovo, Maltbo>otbat.b>n.>tholieve m th.s.K.oJ
,,rhni.rninuonco. an.l 1 bopo ibat ibovuKivWr,'
by manv, an.i t!,o results comniunicate.l totaol-
i of the Farm Juuruai, who I do not doubt will be'.

lino- to crive a short abstract of the result. 1 h^> ;

HK;;eover,t]iata]l wiin.e tnade under equal circw|

stances, as noarly a. may bo, an I tbal we slialUv
rive at the same conclusicm.

riymonlii, MuuL (o., w/i Mo., 1852. J

[\Vc commend the above to the attention of t^j
of our readers who feel interested in determining
question wh.>tb. r the moon does or does not ex^^
anmlluonce upon vegetation, fence '"''^'^-"^
For the following reasons we conceive the ^
inent of tJiis (luestion to be important. If tl»^
does not exert the influence attributed tohe'_
hhrh time that the thousands of farmers whose
tor sowing seeds, transplanting trees, gain

i«r)2.1

COM P Mr ATTONS.

fnut>», setting fences, posts, &e.,are regulat.-d entire-
ly by her, should be reliev««d from the inconvenience
ofpostiKining or liasloning these various operations
of the farm in onh'r that they n)ny be performed in
what is termed ihv "right sign." On tb.' other
hand : if repeated experiments conclusivly show,
thitnn influ(Uice is ex(Tted hy the nicon in tbo vari-
ous directions attributed to hor, i( is well that those
who are skeptics slioubl have their infi(b'lity removed,
and avail tliemselves of tlu^ advantages which aeerue
tothnsewho study the " signs " ,ni.i r, oij.t.. fJi,.],-
various operations accordingly. — iio. j

ir^.*!

AiJ(»thrr- Itri<:(.f> 1'>>i tlu' (.r.,in \\<<vil in H.j'iis,
Mu. i:i)ii(»ii.— In iuokmg over the July A. ^ oi ii,(.
F.irMi .hiurnal, I uolieed an inquiry from \ir. \.
Owen, of Himtiiigdon county, P;i., ju rr^md lu liic
df'ijtriictiun of tho wheat weevil.

Although Mr. Owen is ratlior late in makin^r aii
inquiry to save the present croj), I shall, however,
f^ive hiiii my opinioa and experience in the destruc-
tion of that anovinjr fbe.

My barn for a number of years had been infested
with weevils, and having sustained like Mr. Owon's
noiirhbor, a considerable loss from tiioir ravafr(.« I
dcternuned to wage an exterminatiiHr warfare ao-ainst
tho enemy. To accomplish this, I tried difi(Tent
ri'inedies, but without efTect. I finally concluded to
ftarve thei/i as the dernier resort. Accordingly, two
years ago I stacked all my wheat and rye out, [)ut
nothing into the barn but hay and oats, and the cure
w:is elTtctual ; fbr since that time, there is not a wee-
vil to ho fhund. I woid.l further state that befbre put-
tin? the hay in the barn, it should be swept clean, in
ordfr to disturb the weevils as much as possible.

There are also otlirr roj, indies recommendod hy
'liferent writers, such as strewing portly, branches
between the layers while mowing the <rrnnu and
^^''■t^-washing the inside of Inn,., cr iu^Mug Un^c
^nd silt in threshed grain, ^c, but my own experi-
ence proves to me there is nothing like starving
^'^fn- Yours, &,c. .Samuel Mumma. "

f^ocust (.'rove Farm, Dmtphin Co,. Pa.

Another Re^i^^^^or the (;niin Weevil.

•lR.KniTou.— Observing an inquiry in the last

Cn '''''' '''^"'''^'' -Journal," in respect to the

iii-n weevil ;__whctlier there is any means of des-

2'"? them? I answer, there is. The only and

^^^tual way ,s, by starvation. If there is no wheat,

f ey, corn, or other substance on which they can

J^' placed in the barn for one year, they will all
peri<ji 'T'l 1 ,/ ' J

- • 1110 wlioat can be stuckecl, and tlircsliod in

T w,„|,.,, r,„.y ,„|| „^,^ ,.^,^^, ^^_^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^

very annoying i„ my |,:,n,, „„.! „,.,.i„j, ,t .,;,„.,] i„ „„
"Srnruhnral ,«„„.,•, that l,y ^,,r,„IJi„,, «all .,„ ,)„.
^|l'".^t as ,t was ,,|„cc.,l in tl„. ,n,nv, U woul.l prevent
ll.e.u lr..n. eating i,. | ,|„| „, „ ^^.,,^ ,^_,^^^,^^,_.

'^•■';';- '"" "'^l «. Iia.lly. I „,i„,<, HH iC „,„ ,,„ ,,,,J
""Oieen ,,„t anu,„««t it. Jlowevr. 1)„ y w,ll (bed
on If, and tl„. n..isanc„ wan continned. I l)„.„ a.l.ot-
•■'"I"' I'lnnofstarvati,.,,, .!,:,.,, „,,„,„„„^^,.,_l_
O-p. arc van.Mis ,n-ll,„u,s of ,.,v, ,.,:•,„-, i"

, . . . 'llMl';- 11,1 111

'•^ f" siirifikb' (jj-v

■O'K. (

nii

I' . . . _

ini(!l".-t il, ;|.., It in

,' I.

I''''^*"''' '" f'"' -niiK r. f'lrst spnn

«i<i^'swdb 11, then place;, ! ,V ^r of wheat , bout 'si^

"xd.es m depth, then a spr,nkllno.,.ri:,„.. ,,„,,„,,„

i' b^re using the whoat iL sbouM h. rn;, tlTou'd. a
fan.

/ ii'c/tlan, Chester Co., isr>2.

[ft will bo seen that two of o„r correspondents, in
reply to .Mr. Ou,,n's inq.nry in our la.st, have advised
the same unmans f^.r fl,.. extermination of the weevil
in barns. Wo present the views of both, us both are
-entlemen of intellig(.nce and observation. The-
ravages of the weevil are becoming so extensive of
late as to demand serious attention. The remedy
suggosted by our corresjxjndents Is so simple- that tho
farmer wb(,se grain is destroyed in future, must
charge the loss to his own negligence.— Kd.]

< UlfOIC of tbr ToDl :,ro.

Mr. Foitok: Although not desirous of bein-
classed with those, who in the language oi' your c( r"
respondent, I,. \. Snlj,,,,.. " app^.-.r d.-sirous of see-
ing their nam. , iu pii,,., J MiiKi-l inelinrd to ef^-.T
a word in reply to his n.h..,,! uvAr M" .ultivating
the tomato. SfrouLr.-nw! inly . . ,„;,■. I„. ],;. b,,,, <,,'^
this excellent v.^rotabl... I 1,. I ,„, ,;,_,. j,,,,!,,,,; ,,,
yiobitobim the supremaeyin tbis particular; my
fondness for them, dating back as many years as his
as w(dl as my cultivation of theui. Without, howev-
er, pretending to discuss these points, I propose mere-
ly to convince him that what he calls his natural
mode of cultivating the t.miato, is a most unnatural
one. lie says, he grows his j.lants in a cold frame.
\ow in what particular ca^^e has nature ever used
the cold frame, except that which the earth fini.-Iiea
for proj.ogating the tomato.? Again, wlien too thick-
ly sown, he '' thins them out.'' When nature sows
too thickly, she suffers tlic penalty of her indiscretion,
in the meagre character of lur plants, hi this par-
ticular, K. A. S. has impro\ed somewhat upon the
good (hime's plan, fbr which he is cntindy entitled to
credit. Again, he sets his plants on the sunny side

*^ "•int.r, wl.on 1 1 o v \ 7"'"' """ ""'•""-■" " '""'it- ^«-". 'i« ^ots his plants on tl„. m.nny side
"""tableto II V r '''•■'=°'"'^-: .•'<"•'"""' ""'■ "f a fi;,d,t l,„ard f,.nce, ,/«.v. to it, .0 that " thJroot,

l^rrJt V'' ^''''^' ^^'"^ J^"^-^ by stacking is not so

kput i^' '"•^'"•^ '^''"'' ''^ *''^ '''^'^^'^' '^ ^^^ &^^'"
'" at harvest, and permitted to remain till fall

penetrating to the cool most soil on the northern side
of the fence, take up the food necessary for the sus-
tenance of the plant readily and rapidly," a most ex-

r. «i.f;j... ."."(aiTE

ini

COMMiTNlCATlONS.

:a

Vr.Vir

cclliMit plan I admit, but ono tlu' proco.lont of ^vbic-li,
1 p- suinr, ^vas not loinul in our rpspfM'ti'd niotlior'K
jranhMiin;!; systoni. 11 -to, too, wo find K. A. S. takinj:
a stop in advance of l»i« procoptivHS.' La'^tlv, Iw^
lays i.rusli undor tliom, wlu'n too Ixavy to support
thomsfdvcs, ^^'\m^h I tliink,not only a^Nido departure
from nature's plan, but a decidedly uronn; course to
bo pursue 1. The tomato plant, 80 soon as tbe points

probably, be read with intcrebt, by many ofyoursul).
e^cribors. * ♦ ♦

History or a Ciifstkr Covnty Farm.

In IT'.'l. riiiliit Trice bou;!;bt tbe plantation Ivin?

between West Clu'stcr and the P>randywino. Atthii

time, like niueh oi tbe surrounding; country, it wasin

a low condition, exhausted, washed into puiru's and

irom naiuM- .-^ |pi.ii«, *^^'^ « - j r^ .* •«/" ^ i r- ....^

be ]»ursue I. The tomato plant, 80 socm as the points j i„i^^^|otbed with verdure: and partly over-rown with
i..i:c:i the ;;n)und, bc;;in to take roc^t, al those ].oinls , p^^y^^rty ^rass, briers, and alder l)ushes. \Vrilin;rto
in a manner similar, (thou-h not exactly) to the run- i .]i„|o;(. Peters in IT'M'., V. Price said— "In the ^pr,n;»
_ f 4i.,. Ct^ovvhorrv There was evidently a de- i ^r n,,. ,.>.,,. {-"jo, [ {;>iii-ed oiV a i.iece of a1)()Ut four

nersof the Strawberry. There was evidently a d.
pi^'U inthi^, "11 tin- |-.-irf of nntr.re :ni.l that d.-i-n
ap])ears to me to be the slrcn-the.rm.ir of Hk; ]>lant,
in its powers of producti(m. P.. m./ -f I'lik -rowih,
as well as a rank produce, it wouM --m but reason-
abl(\ that deprivin- the ]»l.int <.f the ,,■ .,i: i 1mm. ,,'.

(,f the year 17'.»-, 1 feui-ed oiV a piece of a1)()ut four
acn^s (to fold his catth-), beiu- ;i jtart of a larpofiel,]
that was nnuh reduce«l, washed int.. deep <;ullio.s in
many parts, and wlii. li biid been totally noj^lectod for
many years. The appearance was so disnj^rooable
t^lmt 1 «ui iiM value on it when 1 !>Mrrhascd thoplaeo,

abb^ that d<>privin<!; the ]»iam oi in<- n n: i .m .■ ■ - uiai i i"- ,,.. , --.,.....,

which these root joints would alb-rd it, cannot but thou-h the h.dd contained tifty acres." Mem. IV

P., 1.....^ 11 .,. Wc irn'.f lu-n- A .r si-u-'v 'Zvnl. T hc lii irhcst olforts of aifricult iFai

weaken thesi/e of the plant as well as its fruit i»ru-
ducing qualities.

So mucli for K. A. S's. plan, and now for mine
which is similar in nearly every respect, except the
placing of brush undrr them. Thi> 1 never do, for
the reasons above given, neither do I i>in( b off the
leaves and side branches, (in this particular also,
a'^reein;: with him,) but 1 do select the best soil I
have in mv trarden, and have always found them to

buccced best in such.

IV Watson, Jr.

Lebanon counfi/y Pa.
Ilonoi ill) « H !«

.1 !:;! \ li \ lii;»; In

In the spirit of this injunction, a work has recently
appeared, wiiich illustrates how Pennsylvania Friends
of the last rreneration, while cultivatinir the soil with
in.Uistry and success, and trainin^^ up their cliildren
in the way in wlncii th- y sliould ^o, some of them
found time to do jrrcat jrooJ mi dlier respccts,a2ui when
they wont to their rest, l- ft ;i l.ii-y example and a
wide extended and blessed inlluencebeliind them. P

\>r Soc'v 2 v.'l. f he hi irhest efforts of agricultirai
improvement in this neighborhood at tbe timeofth->
purchase were those of a few meadows undorarti-
ticial irrigation. I'liili}! Price was in communicatiuL
with dudge Peters, l>r. Mease, and others, who had
be«nin to take a lively interest in the advanccmentof
a'rrieulture, and his ae(iuaintance and observati-n
extended to tbe best prae.tical farmers and farms it
the county. He commenced on his newly purchased
place a course of improvement in manurinj;, the sow-
ing of red clover and other gras cs, aiei in therou-
timi of crops, that rapidly took eflect, and rewarded
his skill and labor. Lime was (d;tainea frum th^
"Valley," o-ypsuin or plaster from tide water, anl
freely administered; the stable manure was protected
by shelter, and applied without loss of strength W
fore the autumnal seeding of wheat. Judge Pet^R,
in publishing the communications of Philip Price and

others, nn t!.e advantages of plast- r < i paris, say>.-
-1 have heard oi none who have been more remarb-
bly successful in the plaster system than Mr. ^V.
and Mr. Price. They have brougb.t old ^vorn.<'

wide extended and blessed mllucnceueninu uieii,. .. anu.M v.... ^-j r r\,.;iUv .indDroti

written by their son Kli K. Price of the Philadelphia
bar: a name \yell known throughout the State, as
that of a man of intelligence; of distinguished suc-
cess in his profession; and who, for years, has had
the command of public confidence, with habits as sim-
ple and unassuming as those of the Friends he repre-
sents. It is addressed to his parents by name, as to
spirits still living ; and signed with his own name,
as in the actual realization of a continued existence be-
yond the grave, which too many of us forget; and the
full belief that our friends still look down upon us from
the spirit land and recognize when we address them.
It is written throughout in the form of a letter to de-
parted friends:— so far as we arc aware, an original
form of memorial.

Enclosed are some extracts, upon matters connect-
ed with the objects of the Farm Journal, which will,

by combining the plaster witb other manures.-
lb. ol.

IIOTATION OF rUOPS.

The best rotation of crops, that resulted froiriex|)e
rience, was to br. ak up the sod late in the i^^
early in the spring, and to plant th: field with Ino^
corn, pumpkins, and potatoes- the former niteriiui^
the latter manured; the second year to sow^Mln
ley or oats, and after the removal of thiM^rop.^
plough the siubble, manure and ^'^''' '''^^'l..,
lue rail, upon which was sown the clover and timo^
seed, to come into use for pasture after the ^
harvest of the next summer, and to l^e mowe
pastured witb the use of gypsum for several ^u
sive years, untiahe field came in rotation J>^^^
,.,ctit:onofcro,. This process of careful 2^^^^^
ry transformed the exhausted hills of the Brand)^

18.V2.]

COMMlJNlCATfONS.

i:;

into their present fertile and beautiful appearance,
and made th'^ni a garden spot of the world. And the
,^-,,rtiiless, (dd worn out "lifty a«'re fitdd," its proprie-
tnr lived to see worth more than a hundred ddlars
ftiiacre, in comnion with the residue of the plantatidU.
Tv> have been a j.ioneeriu a process so benejicent and
(if apparenJly magical results, would be felt as no
Mnall h«'nor to thos(» who respire their happiness in

the grass seeds, and plaster,— struck tin; furrow for
planting and drilling; ploughed and harrowed the
corn; pit(died the hay and grain sheaves at barvost,
with an (dastieity of niuscde and embiranci; of fatigue
that few could .Mpiiil. lb' was a practical fanner of
efficient energy, and sound judgment, skilled in the
choic-and management of stock; and an experien. , ,1
gra/ier lately told the writi-r that he had rec.iv..i

,|,c popul:ti- lavor and apphn.se. To Philip I'rice it I |n,m him his first and be,t lessons in the selection ol
,,,s simply a source o( b.nevoh.nt satislacti.m, in > ,,,ttle. He had a cupucity to make ru !..•< ho. h.
,„„te,nplat.ngtheg<M>dhe had aided in accomplish- l preferred to educate his mun.vo;,. Tnnih ' lo fnllil

ii,^, (if which his eye took a wide survey, from tin
the perch of his mansion; but the obligation was not
fur;^<'llen by his neighbors, in alter years, v. Ii'>n the
ini'inhers oftlie Chester (^)unty Agricultural Society
elected hiiu its fir^t J'resident.

(ivi'srM.

Tlio results of the experiments ot P. Price in the

tin' higiier duties he b(die\.^l he o\\.
and to 1.. . j. th.- t'liipting cares ah i
World beiieaili ios leet.

Anccdoti i>l !ln II .1, .•! ]'<
During the second war with Kri<rl;

' ' i: I -^ ( 'i'l'.itoi';
a III i <I i ii >!l ol iJlC

111'

IVun, mij

use of plaster, as communicated in 17'^;, i„ answer 1 ^" ^^^''^ ''■^'"" ^"'■'*'-" •^^•PPl''^« ^-^'re . ut u\]\ our ow,
to the queiies of du.lge JVters, were, that on a high "^^^^^^^^^'turcrs having a monopoly of il,. 1,, ,„. ,n,u

loamy soil it operated better than on lowdying clay
ground; one to one-and-a-half bushels per acre are
puflicient, repeated yearly while in (dover; the effect
is ^ood with t>r without recent ploughing; is without
liability to leave the soil exhausted, as from the effect
(if a stimulus, where the product is returned in ma-
nure: that it is most beneficially applied to Indian
corn and red clover, — l)ut usefully to other grasses

aiii !iL-

ket. Merino sheep came into great reipicrti, a
tained highly sjteculative prices. Large flocks tlim
and afterwards ranged the farms of l'i,ili[, Prim,
and were good fertilizers of the soil. I;, it \v li, t),,.
influx brought by the return of vteace, of foreign
goods, and the iinpf)litic aband(mment by the govern-
ment of an ad<'(piate protection to the caj)ital invcHt-
ed in manufactories, wo(d and sheep found a sudden
depression, and the loss on t'leseaggravai' d tin liifli

and jcrain croiis; ami i»mv be used advantageously , • n , r • .

. , •». X .1 " • 1 -.1 .1 . culties ot tho larming interests, otherwise sevendy

villi or without otiier manuring, and with the most I ^ . , ,,.,',,.. . . ,

striking effect, if" not immediat«dy |)receded by other
manure. The best time to strew it is at the fir.st har-
rowin;; of Indian corn, an<l on clover, with a small
quantity soon after it comes up, to be repeated as
soon as vegetation takes ])lace in i'h" spring: iliis
givin;; a stimulus wh( u m st need* d. The effect is
most visible on poor soil, — eight acres sowed plenti-
fully with it \vi<]|,)ut other manure, in five years be-
come, says P. Price, "worili ten times what it wns
bf'fore I plastered it, the face of the soil appearing to
he entirely changed, and is a<lmired by all who have
hitherto known it;" but though now (is'>2) in a high
state of cultivation, the same article is annually used
with decided advantage, on the same farm.

Dir.NiTY OF Laijoir.
A Peruiffijlrania farmer and Ins aoa cultlvatiny their

own fields.
The recollections of the writer, though then young,
extend back to this period, (1807). lie was then and
f'T some years after, in confi)rniity with the practice
of making all the children actively useful, assisting
'n the business of the farm. Though frerpiently ta-
k' n from Imme by the calls of the Society of Friends,
meeting the School Committee, &c., yet upon all urc-ont
occasions, and in matters rerpiiring skill and judg-
°^"'ib 1 hilip Price was an imj)ortant workman on his
plantation. With his own hand lie sowed the grain,

suffering under the fall of prices incident to a return
after the war from an inflated pa])er currency ti> ;i
specie basis. The large flocks that whit(!ned the IhIIh
of Chester county soon disappeared, only t^ r«,ij, ],,;,}•,
many years afterwards, on the (dM>np"r jmikI-. ,.1 tlio
rolling surface of Washington ;iii 1 aijiiniii/- ^ JimfieH
in AVestern IV nnsylvania. An in> i 1 nt i.duirod in
rtlation to the produce of the sheep "I P. Pii . , thut
aflibrded some amusement at th(! tinp-. Pntil then
blui; had been the standing military colon!-, and he
had his wool manufactured into gray (loth and Hmt
to the store at West Chester thinking it quite fle( iire.
from military service; but it so happened that tli'«
first volunteer com)»any there fi)rmed fancied tl ;ii
colour, called themselves the **C^hester Conn!;. ( I r i v -,"
and the writer then a lad in the store, thoughthimself
in good luck to sell the whole stock of (^nak' i i I ith
to the members to go to camp. The companies at
Marcus Ilook were not, however, called to meet the
enem}', and the ( lothing had only served to keep tbo
soldiers warm, a circumstance hardly to be regretted
since among them were personal friends, and aii un-
cle oftlie writer, Joseph II. Piinton, who, though of
great wealth, advanced age, and mild mann(;rs, be-
lieved it to be his duty to turn out as a volunteer
private in the defence of bis country, lie was not
bred a Friend, and was undoubtedly actuated by a
high sense ol patriotic feeling.

' ' \Wif'4.

-•m ^»l«l.

!«!

^W-j^^^"'

136

COM\fni\I(:ATfONS.

f Annrrr.

First AciucrLTrRAL Socif.ty among our Farmers in

THIS State.

Tho A^rriciiltural Soci(>ty cf Clu'stpr county was
oriTJUii/cd (Milv in tli<' v<':ir IS'JH, 1»v tlio election of
Philip Price jis President, Dr. AVilliani I>arlin;:ton as

ity as a body, ]>ni their «i;r(at iinnnimity in pun*
measures, and th«>ir \vei;;ht in aln\ost ovory coypf.
ment. The moment tlieir interests are touchH in
any one point, the whtde hody sympathizes, and all
thi'ir infhienceis exerted lhri>u;i;h tlie <'<ininion orcan '

rill IP I'riceas I'resncnt, I'r. » imam I'ariin^^ion as ,,, , ^ , in .• u i •. .

1 ' ^ (Jliester eoijutv lias now iK^r Uorticultnral Hall an!

Vice Prosich^nt, and Isaac Sharidess as Secretary: i i . ' i •. ♦ i . . ai- '

TU.O M. til, 1 tliou;2;li a hiter andiitectural ornament to AVest Ch

and a])out lift/ oi" its most siil>stantial and worthy • , _ ,, ,, ,,, , _ ^, ,,. <»..i :„ ^ .i

en-

farmers wer(* appoint'Ml on its ten committees. It
was the first society in th«* State composi'd cliiefly of
practical farmers. Tlie ohjects en hraced l»y its
etiindinp; committees, evinco the intellitijence and lil>-
eral scope of the minds of tlie mcmhors. Tli^ y
were: 1. ^ hi farm buildings, h'lices, and niipliu''nts
of hushandry: -. (hi the vctrrinary art; 3. On natu-
ral history, partieularly minerah*^^- and entomology;
^ !*(ditical economy ; 5. Domestic animals ; f'.drass-
CH, irrains and roots; 7. Manurrs; S. Fruit and fur-
est trees; \K Irrigation and draining; 10, Uortieul
turo; with specifications of tlie (d)jects and purj)osos
of ea(di committee. An address to the citizens td' the
county was prepared ].\ Nathan X. Sharpless, recom-
mending its ohjects, and inyiting inyestigation and
contrihution t'f the results of experiment ;ind experi

ter than the Chester County Cahinet, the purposetiof

the Agricultural Soci(^ty ]»rohahly suggested the

formation ol the Cahinet, Horticultural Secioty, 4,.

(>ertain, howevi^r, it is, that sueh naturalists as Dr

Dni-lingtiUi, I)avid Townsend, Joshua Ihiopos, and

iii.iiiv others, wr-re ;n^tivi^ in all, and hy their indib-

try iiid /' iK li iV(» addc^l t > t!i<" scientific charaetor

of the country, and one of them ]»y h's piililicatium

has ac(piirc 1 Mi-pntation among Kuropean savan;*.—

In giving his learning, and the remains of otlmrnat-

uralists — of lialdwin, Marshtill, Collin^on and Uart-

ram — to the ])uhlic, he has in the hcnevulent spirit.

and notin that of those whom lUickminster reproaches

as the misers of learning, who hoard for themselves

alone: " That hnirning, whateyer it he, which H\v«

and dies with the possessor, is more worthless than

his wealth, which descends to posterity." If all a-

cnce; which states that "it is within the memory of ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ teaching would thus earnestly devote them
many of us that this county was yery poor, hut thankr

:s <

to the worthy h)undcrs of our present farming sys-
tem, our own industry and a henefitcnt Providence,
it has arisen to a degree of prosperity and (excellence
Hcldom witnessed in so short a ])eriodt)f time. Most
of you know h .w this has been accomplish^ 1 . It has
been effected hy a judicious rotation of crops, by clo-
ver and gypsum." To encourage the dillident and
unpractised with the pen, the address proceeds— "It
w^ould not beex[)ected that all communications, to be
beneficial, should be grammatically correct, or in
smoothly rouii'led periods; practical observations and
fleets, tending in any degree to illustrate the subject,
will iind as ready acceptance dressed in the jdainest
language of simplicity, as the more polished sentciiees
of the philosopher or scholar.'^

A further address, from the pen of another mem-
ber, William II. Dillingham, will also ])e found in
the columns of the " Village Record," of the same

selves in some way and to some extent, to instruct
mankind, the progress of improvement would be vast-
ly accelerated.

This addre.vs was pre))ared by him as one of the
Committee associated with l)r. Darlington and Nathan
II. Sharpless.

Sheep Shearinc; and Sacking AVooi..— This should
not Ije d(me sooner than the season will a'.lmit,asthe
shee]» would be in danger of taking cold. Wuolin-
tended lo he .^ent to a distant marka, may beputup
and pr<>ssed in bales after the manner of cotton, oni
may i»c crowded into sacks bedding from 200 to 250
pounds. If designed to be shipped on a long voyage,
it would 1)0 more economical to press it into square
l)ales, as it would theu occupy less bulk and cuDse-
quently effect a saving of freight. Ibit if the inten-
f the country where the ccmveniences for baliD?

^ , , 1 1 1 1 nvl.W

18.'i2.I

STATE A(JlUCULTUU\i. SOCIHTY.

I. ST

twine. . f

The mouth of a sack may next t)e sewed to a stroDf

hoop of wood or iron [diameter 25 inches fort he ou'

laps and 28 inches for the gunny cloth,] then «

. I . , , .. 1 V. .1 ... 1...1,^ O incliPS ICn'

are not always at hand, sacks may be employed m^t
(,f 40 inch ".)urlaps," or [') "gunny cloth," i and*

- .-^ half feet long. Each of the sacks may he made ot»

year, enforcing concert of action for the ^'f^nimon i ^.^^^^ ^^j. ^.|„tii five yards in lergth, by douhhii^^W
interest, the <liffusi(m of useful int.dligence, and to ^nds until they meet, and sewing up the sidus wi
raise the profession of agriculture in the public esti-
mation. Much of this address would luive been for-
cibly pertinent in favor of the formation of a ^'^tate ^.^^^^ .^,j,^ ^^^ i,kiu-^ k-i L.i<. ^ j f " ^ •' i ^lejj

Agricultural Society, as lately consummated, at a down its body through a ^'^^•^'^'I'V; '\^; "'; "'^^'oorif

central point f;>r exhibition, the receipt and diffusion ^J^ZI^^'TJ: S;on;;Vscaffd:i ^erected fj

of information, seeds, &c. Ami referenee is made to ^j^^ pu,.post" where it can be let swing ^'l^[^^^^"^|J;,j

another great branch of human industry to enforce q,^,, ,i^.^h may then get into the ''^;^^*^' f '7^J^^,^r.l

the argument and afford encouragement to a like hands him the ^'^l^^^^' ^y^/''^^'^ , ;^;;f;;;" ^Muea i^-

vigilance and concentration of power. " In m> part ;;^';|[^ i'^[;;t\uit^ iiHod. After this the s^vck

of the world are the merchants without their Cham- ,^^.^^^ ]>^ slightly iT.ised, the hoop '^'^^'^r^^'jjjj^ jj

bcr of Commerce, and to this means, in a great meas- mouth of the sack sewed up, and the opera i

ure, is to be ascribed, not only their high respcctabil" complete.

Second Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania
State Agricultural Society.

To the Farmers of renns\Ivaiiia an<l tlie Xeigh-

borinj; States

The first Kxhibition of the Pennsylvania State Ag-
ricultural Society afforded satisf;u-t«M-y evidence that
it is not difficult to «lcvelop(^ the resour(;es (d' our
St:ifc for so interesting an oceasi(,ii. 'J'|i(» exliihition
itHiIf, the pleasure ^ve denve(l fn, ni it, and its pi(»flt-

ahle ctTeets, in tfie fa •! the doubts and fears wlii(di

;i!\vavs hang heavily upon new projects, were bevond
uur reasouahle expectations. \n\v w(» know wleit
(.•an he dorii', and we propose to hold wur Skcono A.n-
MAi, KxiliiUTio.N of L'tnr,islrr,<,ii Wr^hir.stla}/, Thins-
.lujnnd Friihu/, liir '2^U/t, 'Jl.v/, (nu/ 'l\l<l ,,/ (hfohtr,
1>.'»2, to which we invite all persons everywheir who
fr>l an interest in the subject. \\'c have made ar-
rang'MUciits fur the most am|)l(; accommodations and '
care of all animals, pnxlucts and nnudiinery which :
shall be brought thero; and we trust that everv Farm- 1
.T. Horticulturist, Manufacturer, Me(dianic and lu-
v.'ntor, will partake with us, and c )nsidei himself as
eno eni:n;red in the work of making this Fxhihitif.n
■\^ ;;reat, interesting and prufitahle as it is our design
it >huuld he.

Our Society especially desires to recognise the in-
fluence and power that mothers and daughters may
.'Xtrt in promoting our object; and we tlu'refore cor-
dially invite tliem to our meeting, and solicit tluHron-
trihutions of their taste and industry to give beauty
and interest to our Jlxli'hition.

FKKDK WATTS, Prcsiduif.

Tnnsutrr.
Ceoroe II. IIicnER, Uarrisbur-r.

Lihnii inn.
Liv'TiiEU JUjij.v, Ilarrisbur---

(.'In: mi si.
CiiARi.Fs W. Treho, Plii!:id..lp!,ia.

A>l<lifiun>tl M.mhn-s ,.f thr HxcaUivr Commitkc.
Isaac (1. M(Ki\i.kv. Ilarrishur".
David Mi mm s, .1,-., I'urtMiioutii?

Si Mo\ ( 'aMFRoN, •'

RoiM.RT -M \ I i.isTKR, duniata Co.

doII.N i; !" I 1 IIKKFORU, "

Ojjkcrs of the Sfak A>/rirulfiirai Sucuhj.

President.

FKFDFKICK WATTS, Carlisle.

I !<•'' Prrsi'lcnts.
Pfi.f.c li. Saverv, IMiiladelphia.
•b»>Ki'n R. In(;f.rsoi,l, "

A|.,F.RNo\ S. UoMFRTS, "

•Iamks (lowEN. (lermantown.
•bm\ KEWEnv, Port Kemicdv, Montgomery Co.
Hn.u.iAM Stavei.v, Laliaska,'nucks Co.
Alt M II. M. Ii.vAixE, Bran.ly wine Manor, Chester Co.
•'Acon Fraxtz, Lancaster.
IIf-nrv SntnERT, Betlud, Berks Co.
'"NRAoSiiFiMFR, Bethlehem, Northampton Co.
'•Kofi(,E W. WooDWARj), Wilk<!sbarre, Luzerne Co.
♦Mi.M.'.M Jessfp, Montrose, Suscpiehanna Co.
• \">i;(Jfm,v, Lewisburg, Union Co.
A 0. IIeister, Ilarrisburg, Dauphin Co.
•; >■ IlALnFMAN, Xew Cumberland, Cumberland Co.
Mm.uv M.-Cowkx, ?>Ioomfiel ', Perry Co.
•'':^-- M. W n.f.iAMs, Col rain Forges, Huntingdon Co.
♦.iiiiAM A. Stokes, (ireensburg, Westmondand Co.
ii.MAM I'attersov, Cross Creek, Washington Co.
MiFUM Hli.t/., Pittsburg, Allegheny CV.
-;IoRru. Lee( u, Clark, Mercer Co.
•;"^-> Miles, (Jirar.l, Frie Co.
^'AWn Kaeston, Indiana, Indiana Co.

Corrcsiponiliiii/ Secretary.
•^'^•RKi> L. Ei.u VN-, Phila.hdphia.

Rpoordinq Serrf'tanj.
^^OHERT C. Walker, Pittsburg.

PvFCI !. \Tin\S()r Tin; 1 .MK.

All the members of the S<.clety, whose dtien are
naid, and all who vliall heeome mem],.'rs previous to
or at the Fair, will ho furnished with hadges, which
will admit the jHTx.n and the holies of his family to
the Fxhihition at all times during the continuance of
the lair. 'rick<'ts to admit a single person, 'J^) cents.

All Fxhihitors at the Fair must become members
of the Society, and have their animals (m* artiides (;n-
(er.d at the nu.Mncs , Odice hch>re taking tliem into
tin? en(dosure.

All those who intend to compete for the ])remiumH
at tli(^ Fair should have their animals and arti(des on
the ground, irif/tmif Jail, on (,r hefore Tuesday, the 9^
P.'th (dOctoher, so tliat they may be arrange(l and in
readiness for examination hy the Judges on Wednes-
dav niorninir.

This regulation must be strictly a<lhered to, f.tlier-
w-ise the Society will not he respi.nsibhi for the omis-
si(»n of any animal or artiide on the lists.

No animals or artiides entered f;,r exhibition, can
lie taken away b(dore the (dose of the Fair, exi'e|)tby
permission of a mem)>er of the Fxecutive Committee
— and no premium will be paid on animals or articles
removed in vi<dati(m of this rule.

Animals and articdcs entered for the exhibition
will ha'e cards atta<died with the \o. as entered at
the business (dlice, and exhihitors should in all cases
obtain their cards j»revious to placing their stock or
articdes on the show trrounds.

All persons who intend to exhibit Horses, Cattle,
Sheep (u* Swine, or who intend to offer Stock for sale,
should notify the Secretary of such intention, on or
before the lUth day of October, and hsive with imn a
list and full descrijttion (d' such Stock, in order that
proper arrangements may be made for their accomo-
dation.

Appli(»ants for premiums are parti<Milarly ro^piest-
ed to pay attention to the <lirections atta(die(l to the
list of premiums for fat cattle, fat sheep, butter and
cluM.'se, A:*'., and the ^tatelnents recpiired from exhih-
itors {){ those articdes must be lodged with th(3 Secre-
tary beforj; the 10th of October.

p-X^'M'inhrrs of the f^ori>'fy, aivJ the Virvi}i(f Com-
mit teca or Juihjf.s (i1(>nt', icill be aduiitltd on the fir at
d<x>j (f the Exhibition.

IXSTPvFCTIOXS Tr) ^lAJISIIALS AND JUDCES.

The Marshal (d' each <lepartment will take special
charge of the matters within his department, and
will attend to their accomo<lati(»n and arratjemcnt. —
At tin; apjxdnted time he will get the Judges of hia
<lepartment tog(!ther, and point out all suhjects for
their decision, arul when their duty is discharged, he
will get their report and return it to the liecording
Secretary.

*T~.«'-

SfTtTtVS

13S

STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

fAr.rusT^

LlSr OK rUKMUIMS.

It will ho. ()})sorv(Ml thiit tlu^ IVnnsylvania Stau-
A;i;ricultiir:il Sxiioty luivo madf the tirld of competi.
tit»ii co-cxtonsivc with tlio Unitod Siatf's. W«. ther^
lore, oordially iiiviti> tin' citiziMiH oi olhor States to
(•(Hin><*t<» with us for our prizes.

The vS,)(;ioty will t:ik(» j^roat naro in tho soloction of
their Ju(l;;('s, an. I thoy ct)nli(lcntly liopo that ulj who
.shall 1(1' iiauirvl Will (h't-m il a ni.itlrr ul (hit)- lo >^^.
tend. Tlie names <»{" the Jud<res will ho anmuinH
and ]>uljlit?hed at least one month before the exliiU-

Tlie Jud.i^os on Animals will have refjard to the

pyni I otry, early maturity, size and «!;<'neral (nialities

cliaraeteristic of the hrecMJs whiidi they iud;^e. 'iMicy

will make due allowanee for a^e, ieedin;; and olh r

cireum^tanecs on th<' character and condition of the

aiiimals. TIi'^v ^viil n<»t t!;ive eneourat^eni'iit fnr

overied animals. They will not awani ]»rt'miums for

IJuUs, Cows, (ir IL'ifers, whicdi shall appear to hav.-

been fattened (tjr the hutcdjer; the ohjeet l>ein;!;ti) have
Bup(»rior animals of this (hvscription for breedinir.

No person wiiate'ver will be allowed tt) interfere
with the .Iud;!;(*s durin*!; their adjudieations.

The ,Jud;:rs on Stoek, if not salisiied as to the rep;-
ularity of the entri(>s in their respective class(\s, will j tion.

ap'ilv to the S'cretarv for information: and should j Persons who desire to sell improved live-stock or
there be any doubt, a'fter extnn'nation, of th(^ir com- : implements are recpiested i- notify the SccretarT
in"- within the re.Lrulations, oi ii aii\ a nn i! i^of su(di | th<M'enl m (iw nin •, that j^reater publicity may lie
a character as n.it to be entitled to'exliiiiii'Mi in com- i (tIvcmi thereto. Th(» sah^s will be^ conductod undtjr
petition, they will report the facts to tip llxecutive the direction of the olli»-ers (.f the Society.
Committee, that such course may be adt.ptcd as the CA'MI.i:.

case may i"(M(uire. '<!i(>rr lUM'^^

The Judi^es will be expected in all ca.'^cs\ making ' ' " '* '
their reports, to (jirc ihc n'a.sons af their decision, (es-
pecially in the case of animals) embracin*^ the valu-
able and desirable <iualities of the animals or articles
to which premiums are awarded.

AVhen anything; is exhibited to the .Tuf'p;es, which
they shall deem meritorious, but beyond tln^ir power
to award a premium to, they will furnish a note of
•the same to the Committee on Discretionnry Premi
unis, for their consideration and action.

No animal or article can take more than one Pre"

miu 11.

All productions plac(Ml in com]>etition forprenuums
must be the growth of the competitors.

When there is but one exhibit»)r, althou^^h he may
show sev(n-al animals in a class or sub-division of a
class, only one preujium will be awarded — that tube
the first or otherwise, as the merit of the animal or
article may be adjud;;ed. And a ])remium vill not
he awmdid when the animal or article is not worthy,
thoui^h there be no competition.

|f?o2.1

STATE AiJRICULTUUAL SOCIETY.

130

1 lu- I ■•>i Bull '•) years old and upwards,
Second best, do do

15(!st Ibdl between 2 and 3 years,
Second best do do

1^'st liull bi^tween Panel 2 years,
Second best do do

Best P.ull Calf over 4 months,
Second best liull Calf <lo
Ri^t row 3 years old and upwards,
Second l)est do do

Rest lleifrr between 2 and 3 years old,
Secon<l best do do

Rest ll(Mf«T bet.vcen 1 and 2 years old,
Second best do do

Tx'st Heifer Calf over 4 months.
Second best Heifer Calf do

$1.^

10

10

6

%

5

5

3

12

I

5
6
4
4

0

Tin: AM'Il]->^.
The Annual Address will be delivered at 1 o'clock,
r. M., on Friddi/, the 'ltd of Ortoher, ati.! iii,!,i. diate-
ly after the Address, the ' lleports ol the \i\\iiig
Committees or .Iud,t;-es, will 1)0 read, ^'nd the I'lemi-
ums awarded and distrilmted.

HAY AND STRAW.

Hay and Straw will be furnished gratis for all an
imals^entered for premiums, and j^rain will beprovi- \ isiin;}-:
ded, at lowest cost price, for those who desire to pur ' ^^
chase.

HKPFOilDS.

pv)r the best RuU l) years old and upward^ ?lo

Second best *do ^^ 1"

Rest I>ull between 2 and 3 years.

Second best do do

Best r.'ill Ix^tween 1 and 2 years,

Se< "lid best do di»

Rest l-':i! <'.i'r . \'V i months,

Seeond b(- ' I'^H <'.ilf d-

Rest Cm^.v ;; years oM and -wi'-A-nrds,

Second lie>t do do

Best Heifer between 2 and 3 years old,

Second bes^ do do

Best Heifer between 1 and 2 years.

Second best do do

Best Heifer Calf over 4 months,

Second best Heifer Calf do

10
6
8
5
5
3

12
I

j

s

PLOUGHINd MATCIL

The Plou,(^hin,a; Matcdi will take place on Friday,
ihe22d, at o'o'ch'rck, A. M., in a Held adjacent to the
place of Exhibition.

J5g|^From the o;rcat liberality lieretoforc extended
by Railroad and Canal Companies upon occasions of
this kind, exhibitors may count upon havinii; animals
and articles intended for exhibition, transported free
of cost; and visitors to the show will bo able to pur-
chaso tickets at greatly reduced rates.

For best Bull 3 years old and upwards,
Second best do <^lo

Best liull between 2 and 3 years,
Second best do do

Best lUiU between 1 and years,
Second best do do

Best Bull Calf «»ver 4 months,
Second best Ibill Calf do
Best Cow 3 years and upwards.
Second best do «h>

Best Heif.T betwe(Mi 2 and 3 years,
Second best do clo

liest IL'ifer between 1 and 2 years,
Seconal best do do

Best Heifer Calf over 4 months,
Second best Heifer Calf do

\t

a
lI

IIOb^TKl.V.

K<>r best Bull <> years and upwards,
SiMMind best do do

|{,.^t Ibdl between 2 and 3 years,
Secomi best do do

Jjpst Ibdl between 1 and 2 years,
Second best do do

It.'st Bull Calf ovrr 1 months,
Second hot Bull C.ilf do
IV'st Cow iJ years and upwards,
S , M ] '> -t d . <S

lli'st lieifrr between 2 and 3 years,
Secund Ixvst do do

B.'st II 'ifer between 1 and 2 years.
Second best do (] i

|; i l"ifrr (^lU ov(M- i iiiMnths,
Secoml best lleilci- ( ili do

\ \ ri\ i:s (III (.i: \ i>i;s.

For best Bull .i years and upwards,

Set'olid best <lo do

Best Bull between 2 and 3 years,
Second best do do

B'st Bull between 1 and 2 years,
Second best do do

IV'st liull Calf over 4 months.
Second l)est P»ull (\iir do
Best Cow ') years and upwards,
Second best do do

B'St Ileilcr Itetween 2 and .*> years.
Second best do do

liest Heifer between 1 and 2 years,
Second best do do

li' St Heifer Calf over 4 months,
S'eotid best Hi!ifer Calf do

I»i:V< )NS.

Fir Be<t Bull 3 years and upwards.
Second best <1() do

li''st Bull between 2 and 3 years.
Second best do do

Bf-t liull between 1 and 2 y(nirt,
Second b(^st do do

Bi.'St Bull C:ilf over 4 months.
Second best Bull Calf do
Best Cow .') years imd upwards,
Second best do do

li"st il'iler between 2 and 3 y(>ars,
Socon<l best do ' do

liest Ib'iler between 1 an 1 '1 years,
Sec<»nd best do do

li">;t If'ifer f*alf over 4 months,
Second best Heifer Calf do

Abl>i:i;NFY.

For best Bull 3 years and upwards,
Second best do do

Best liull between 2 and 3 years.
Second best do " do

Best liull between 1 and 2 years,
Second best do do

Best liull Calf over 3. uKmths,
Second best liull Calf,
Best Cow 3 years, and upwards
Sec(md best, do do

B'.'st IIeif(!r between 2 and 3 years,
Sec()n<l best do <lo

Best Heifer between I and 2 year?.
Second best do do

Rist Heifer Calf over 4 months,
'^'-'cond best Heifer Ca.f,

W'OIIKIXG OX FN.

For host yoke of Oxen,
lyc »? d best do

Third best do

I A cart will be prt)vid(>d to tewL tiic workin;^; tpiai
?1L I ties (d"the aninnils.

I-

S
H

r>

0
4
4

10

FAT CATTLF.

For best piilr fat St(!ers, or Oxen,
SecojKi I), .st do do

Best fiit (\.w,
S(!cond best do
Best fat Ileifrr,
Second best do

$ir,

10
8
4
6
3

ApplicMnt*! f.irprenrnnns forfut cattle nnist furnish
statenients of mannr-r of fecdin;^.

Tle> .Iud-<»s (d" Fat Cattle will ;i;iv(» particular at-
tentiim to the animals submitted to them for exami-
•1 iiati(.n. !• 1-; h li.-ved that ;,11 (.tlin- thin;;s l>ein;f
4 tMpial, tho«^e are tie- best cattle that have the^^reatest
wei;^ht in the smallest superiicies. The cattle exhi-
Idted in this (dass will all be wei;;hed, j,n 1 the
<^|() .Iud;;es will take measures to ^ive tlie suptrticies of
•J- eacdi, and publish tin; result \\'\\\\ \\\< ir reports.

C

8

4)

d

3

o
•J

2
10

7
G
4
T)

o
.)

4
2

8

8

5

f)

4

4
2

10

7

8

5

5

3

4
o

?13

8

8

f)

8

4

4
2

10

7

8

5

0

A

4
o

15

10

7

ri\F AVdnl,
'* For best Buek,

Second best do

B(»st pen of Fwes, not less tlum 3,
Second be.-^t do do

15(»st pen Or Tiambs, not less than 1,
S(MM>nd b(.'st do do

LOXC AV()f)F.

For best liuck.

Second lj(.'st do

B«?st pen of Fwes, not less than 3,

Secoi.d best do do

Best pen of Lambs, not less than 4,

Second best do do

MihhLL Un.d,.
lor best liuck.
Second best do

Best pen of Fwes, not less than 3,
Second best do do

Best p(Mi of Lambs, not less than 4,
Second best do do

NA!1\ r. (.i; 'd!\Ll» 1Wj,'-1..

I'^ii- h--t r.ii.'k,

Secoiid li' -t do

Best p II of Jiwes, not less tlian 3,
Second best do do

]5L'st p^Mi of L imbs, not less than I,
Second best do do

$0
4
6
4
5

$0
4
C
4
5
3

?<>
4
6
4
5
3

3
6
4
5
3

IMPOBTFI) SHFFP.

I'or best importe«l Buck and Kwe, of any de-
scription, ea(di SIO
Second best do do do 0

swim:.

LAUi.K liULKl).

I'or best over 2 years <dd,

Second best do do

]iest Boar 1 j-ear old,

Second best do

]5est Boar G UKjnths and under 1 year,

Second Ixist do do

Best })reedlng S )W over 2 years,

Sec(»nd })est do <lo

Best breeding Sow, 1 year,

vSecond best do do

Best Sow 0 months and under 1 year,

S(H!ond best do <lo

liest lot of Pigs, not less than o, under 0 mo., 6

Second best do do do 4

4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
4

140

STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

[ArnusT.

1852.]

STATE AGRICULTURAL SOGIETV.

Ineludinj; Choatcr, Berkshire, IFanishire, Leicester
and their grades.

SMALL liiniKD.

For best Roar over 2 years,

Second h<'st (h>

l{(»st Roar 1 ve ir old,

Second ))est <lo

Rest J5(>ar <> months old,

Second h''st do

Refit hreedinijj Sow over 2 years,

Second best do do

Rest broedin;^ Sow 1 year ohl,

Second best do do

Rest Si)w 0 months ohl,

Second ])est (h)

Rest lot of Pit!;s, not less tlini ">

UllM''!

Second best

Uo

.1.,

I

4
C.
4
(i
4

(;

4

(i
4
(i
4
, 0

4

The samples! must ])e duplicutr^ snn)j.l(.>, ;in<i
eom|)«'titor shall receive mor(» than one; rrcinjum

no

« J ! U \ ^^\

Including Neapolitan J SuiTolk, iniproved China,
Chinese, Mocha, and their grades.

l*\>r best Stallion for heavy drautrht, $15

Second best do do 10

I5est brood Mare for heavy draught, 10

Second best do do 0

Jiest Stallion for (iuiek draught, 15

Second be t do do 10

Rest l)rood Maro do do 10

Second Ix'st do do (i

Rest Stallion for saddle, 15

Second be>t do do 10

Rest brood Mare for sadtlle, 10

Second best do (>

Rest Horse Colt between '2 tt;id 4 years old, lO

Second best do do do (i
15est Fillev or ^lare Colt between 2 and 4

year old, 8

Second best do dd do 5

Rest Horse Colt between 1 and 2 years, 6

SocoikI best do do 4
R(\st Filley or ^lare Colt lietween 1 & 2 years,!')

^^ « « . ^ ^ ■% J

\ WW

l'(»r best 5 acres of ('orn,
licst acre of do

IK) 5 acres of Wh(;at,

Do n<'r(^ of do

I)t) acre of Irish Potatoes,

l>o half acre do

l>t) acr(^s of Hvc,

1>() 5 acres of ( )ats,

|)o 5 acres "f l»irl''v.

ho 5 acres i^T Tim itliy,

l>o 5 acres ^i ( 'l.i\cr,

I>o 'juarter acre of C\xrrots,

|)o <juart''r acre (tf IJuta linga,

ho <|uart<M- acre of Sugar licets,

ho ((uai'tcr acre .Miing-l W'urzcl,

Do rpiarter acre 'I'urnips,

Com]»etitors for Premiums for tin; above A'^rioul-
tural Productions must produce a full statcnit'nt of
tiie mode of cultivation, and acct.mpariy the same
with the certificate of two respectabh; men as t«j the
product and the mca>urement o{ tlie gniuiid, ami
also exhibit a sample of each crop ai thu Anunol
MvctliKj ill Jaminnj, when f/ic.se rreniiuinH will U
awarded.

' n:'ii

$15

8

15

10

10
8
8
f>
8
8
8
8
8
8

For the ])est bushel of White Wheat,

Red VVheat,

Second best do do

Best pair of (\irriage Horses,

Second best, do

liest Jack,

Si'cond b(\st do

Rest pair of Mules,

Second best do

Rest team of ^lules, not less thiu 1,

Second best do do

do

FOl l/i r.^ .

For best pair of Turkeys,

1)0

Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do

Geese,
Muscovy Ducks,
Common Ducks,
Jersey 151 ues,
Dorking Fowls,
Bucks County Fowls,
Shanghai do

(\)cliin China do
(^i])ons,

Rest caponed Turkey,
Ltirgest collection of Fowls,
Next largest do

Similar ]n-emiums will be awarded for other
tics of Poultry.

4
10
6
8
5
8
5

10
6

0,0

v—

o

2

o

^

o
o
o

9

3

o
<>

8
5

yarie-

Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
})o
Do

llye,

Flint Corn,
(iiourd Seed Corn,
Mixed Corn,
Oats,

Irish Potatoes,
Sweet Potatoes,
Field Turnips,
liuta Raga Turnips,
Sugar Reets,
Carr('ts,

$2

I)

m

2

0

2
2
2

«•
0

m

2
2

At least a i'ii-l)L'l "{' <;a' li kiii'l iMH-t be exhibited.

Similar premium^ may be o:i^e2l l^r anvnewor
im}»roved saritLic- oi agricultural products.

f

TOIIACCO,

For the best sample,
Second best do

$8
0

ACaiRLLTl KAL I.^JPLIJ.UIM S.

CLASS NO. I.

Rest double horse Plough,
Second best do

Rest singh^ do

Second best do

Rest Cultivator,
Second best do
Rest Harrow,
Second best do
Rest Roller,
Second best do
Best Subsoil Plough,
Second best do

CLASS NO. II.

Drills and Broadcasting Machines ; Wheat
Grass cutters, of all descriptions ; Wheat or ura^
Rakes by horse ])ower ; Cradles, Carts, AN a;;ons vr
o-on Clears, Cart (Jears, Ox Yokes and Ox Gears.

Best Drilling MachinCjfor grain or grass
Second best do do

eed,$lO

1 i I

Best hrii for corn or otlier grain,
Second l>est do do

Bc.Mt Mowing or Ibaping Machine,
Second !»est (hj do

Best Horse Kike,
ho si't of Wagon Harness,

\)n i)\ Yoke,

hit ( Irain Cradle,

!)(» Wagon for farm use,
Second best do

Best Ox Cart,
S cond best do
B.'^t If '>rs(» Cart,
Sc<'t»nd licst do
IV'sf set <'arf C.-ir.-,

!>(> ri(/U;^li ( I! :irs.
Best double set of Carriag<' Harness,
Second best do (},j

Best single set d.» do

Second best do do

8
4
10
5
4
4

o

»)

8
4
8

Rest lirkm or I oh of salted butter, not Ichd

tlitm ;j mouths old,
Second best, d., d„ ao

Third best, do do do

Rest 10 lirkins of tubs, do do

Rest (Jhecse, not less than LM lbs.,
Second best do do

Rest 10 Ihs. honey,
•Second best do

8

r>
if)
2

The Ib.ney to he taken without d.'stroyinT 1),,.
4 bees, and the kuH of h.ves used, and the mamMr..
.) Ujent ot same to be stated by coiunetitr.rs.
*^ I The method of makiuix the laiit
"• also stilted by each competitor.

•1
4
6
4
4
2

r iiliU I'hees',' to

I IM II.

]' r h. V;,,id greatest Jiuiwhu' of choice n aricties

TLASS NO. in.

Ifi.rse powers and alhnachines propelled 'i,\ horse
power not enumerated above; corn shellers, cm and
t(»h crushers, l>y han<l power, straw cutters, and
f;rindors by hand power. 1

Best sweej) horse power. ^\o !

Second best do do 5 j

Best rail-way horse power, JQ 1

Second best do do 5 '

Separator, (j

Best Hay ami Straw Cutter, 4

Corn shcller,

Corn-stalk Cutter and (jrlnder,

Corn an<l Cob (■rush(>r,

Threshing Machine,

Second best do

ol Ai*;*!!,-,

<io do

do do

<!o do

do (h)

do

do
do

do

Pea (dies,
i'ears,
Quinces,
^ ' I I pes.

S.)

CLASS NO. IV.

All implements or machines not enumerated above.

$5
2
4
4
2
2
20
10

^iTip-

20
10

R«'st Fauidng Mill,

Root and Vegetable Cutter,

Drill liarrow for Root Crops,

Churn,

Ilav an] h.ini; I'.w'IvS,

I! ;".■! i::ike.s,

i'ort.iM'' 1 1 I v-j>ress.

Second best do
Best and ni'i^t nil,, 1. ..•,), m Poll, ;,;ti;n df A':v\-
ciilmral I mjileiu'-nts, widi ('
tioii l.licr(;ul,
Second best do

In addition to liie forcgiHiig premiums on agricul-
tural implements, Diplomas and Premiums will be
avTunled for such new and meritorious im[)lements
&•;« may bo exhibite.l 1,. i.'ie Judges on Discretionary
* remiums. - o j

jVTsons presenting agrieuitui- il iinphni nts or ar-
ticles of mechanical ingenuitv, ar.- r'-pi-sted i,, iur-
nish the .Secretary with a particular .Inscription of
ine article, and tlio price and place where it can be
o/itained, as it is intended to publish a list of the ar-
wciea exhibited at the Fair for the beie fit of the
miiuulacturer and i-urchaser.

Second best ot each of the above,
lireutest nuniber of choice varieties of dit~

lerent kinds of Fruit,
Second best, do do do

\ I (.1! \iii r ;.

For the clioici .^l and largest as.^'ortment of

table veg-etahles,
Second best assortment do

Rest doz. lf>ng Rlood Reets,

Do Tiirnii) Root Reets,

I >M (i heads f)f Caulillower,

Do r, h- ,,U !!rne,.li,
Rost PJ hea«ls of Oibhafo,

I )) (h)z. Carrots,

Do doz. bumdies Celery,

Do doz. Kj--^ Plants,

Do peck o!" ( )nions,

Do do/. I*ar.>^iiips,

D.' h;ijl' liiishe] S( ciiiji'; l'i)tatoe8,

\y» p I k Sw(-et |'..!,i[oes,

ho 'A tirhJ i'liiiipL'ri -,

Do (i winter S(|l!;i>'ies,
I )o sailiple (){' |)«;i IIS,

Do do F

And similar

5

2

2

2
o

^

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

cas,
reniinrns mav \i>' awarded for other

fruit and vegetables of a])proved (ju

:'v.

1 I n\> I I{.S,

For the greatest and cjioicest varieties of

flowers,

Second best C(»l]ectioii,

R;.\st and greatest wire't'^- i.f Dahlia.^
Do do (!o Rose.s,

Do do do Cameliafl,

i>\inv AM) n()\r:i .

For best fipccimcn of fresh butter, not less than

second best do do do 3

rhirdbest do do do 2

^r Sdver Butter Knives of equivalent value.

F. if h --f Qiiilt,

S' ci III. I (ie>t. (io

R ,-t ( '1 luiterpano.

Second best do

Rest Hearth Rug,

Second best do

Best pair Home-made Rlankcts,

Do Home-made Carpet,

Do made Shirt,

o
5
5
5

a
3
2

3
2
2
2
5

142

STATR ACRICUr/rURAL SOCil^TV.

\\vr.

l"^r4VVWV«WP««»«

rsT,

1P.V2.]

TIIK LRICRSTRR LO\c; FIORNS.

Second best do

Bi'st fine loi)^ Yjirn I lose,

Second best do

Best course do

Second best (!o

Best lloiue-niade Soap,

Second best do

Best llome-innde Bread,

Second best do

]}^st Iloino-inade Pound Cake,
J)o do S|)onu:e Cake,

Do speeiin' n of Pickles,
J)() do IVeservc^s,

Do do Fruit Jelly,

Do do Enibroidery,

Do do Worsted Work,

3
3
1

Discretionary Premiums of >^l l>> %?- • aeli c;aii bo
awarded for meritorious articU's not enumerated in
tlic above list, to tlie amount of ><'20.

>iriv.

For best lot of Silk Cocoons,
Second best do do

Best specimen of R;iw Silk,
do do Reeled Silk,

do do SewinjT do

Best pair Silk Stockin<,rs,
Best Silk Shawl,

do Handkerchief,

Scedliii:: < inrry.

Mu. KniToR : I send you a description ofachorrr
^J to wbi( b the name of " (!on('sto;!;a " has born pivpo
J I wbl(di I de<'m (piite an acriuisition to our list of na.
*] five fruits. It is (d" a lar;;(5 size, (nearly (.(^,{^1 (^
2 lilaek Tartarian,) v.'ry re;i;\ilar b.-urt ^lla^uMl ; ,,„|,^^
-^ dark crimson ; stalk about an inch an<l a half Ln^
^ ' in a very even shallow cavity ; tl -sli s<.|"t, \viili avf-rT
2 j;< od flavor. h ripens about (he 1st of duly. Tlie
2 tree is a very vig«)rous grower, and isa^reatanj uni-
2 form bearer.

The oriiiinal tree stands in ihe middle ..f ^ u.„.

I] ' field, ill <' 'nesto;;a townsliip, on land n.w <)\vrK'(ll,y

1 - i\ ,1 r> .ok, whore it accidentally sprun;^ \ip ainonMi

scni" briar- ;ih 1 rubbish, some twenty or t\vont)-five

y(3ars a^o.

CaSI'ER IIll.I.ER.

Conestoga Centre, Juhj ^Ih, ]'^')2.

2

2

:]

3
3

And similar premiums for other Silk products and
manufuctures.

iH).Ul/'"-H, \\S"^}>, r»i>J Mr. and CnKDlAl..

For the best Home-made Wine,
Do do Bounce,

Do do Cordial,

For the best Ham cured by exhibitor,
Second best do do

Third best do do

Fourth best do

do

3
3

5
3
2
1

'li lO

All competitors for these premiunis ;(r>' r^'ru r
have their Hams cooked and brou'jbt to t'l." ( \!i I) -
tion with the skins on. Fich Ivun im.'-l !iiv(> a card
attached to it, with a motto wr i!':i upon .!, :;ii : n-
accompanied by a sealed lett. i, < ndorsed with the
same motto, in which shall be given the name ot the
exhibitor and a statement of the manner ol curing.

For best Ploughinrr,
Second best do
Thinl best do

Fourth best do
For best Ploughman,
Second best do
Third b\st do

Fourth best do

S15

10
8
5
6
4
3
2

Common Sense r.s'. Nonesense.-- Dr. I. Tuthil(l^
livered an address the other day belore the Agricul-
tural Society of Suffolk cou!ity, New York, and in the
c.)ursc of his remarks be touched upon " the false
shame of labni/' in the followin<]; manner:

" The day has already come in our cities that if i
man stout as Milo ot tdd, has a load of wood brought
to bis door, and be really aches for the pleasure of
han<Hin,i^ it, yet must b- bir" a man to pitch it into
the cellar, while be stands idly by, not so much ii
touch a stick of it on pain of b»sin<^ casto. Ifaslou;
and vigorous citizen, whose muscles swell with n
access of strength, has a load of wood Ivingontbe
sidewalk, he may as w(dl banji; himself at once as be
foolish enough to save and saw it up himself; jet if
the man has pitched it in, and ili" -rate is down JO
that be shall not be seen, w ' aiv ip t mii-.' Imtlieraij
.;lvv mo till (Im ,n-i;iy, ai.d no on- rMr 'ni him leMI
o-,,,i?l nnin. IT In- cu.ry and la-kle hi- nwn hurse,'!
i^.jid him to tlh> sl;iM" \Nh-ii !p- li:i^ d.jnc with him.
he i- nnpaidonably vul-;:n. II" nn-hI 1 no gouner b«
cau-bt carryin-; a trunk the length of a block to u
omnibus than stealin-^ a body from a j;rave yard; y«
he will boast arnonj^ bis friends of the enormo*
wci^^bt be carries in the o;ymnasium, bavin;; paid »
fee of thirty dollars for the privile-c. And liisfrienai
applaud his ^xn.nastic expenditures as wise and ei-
ceedin^ly judicious, for suic they say, "how can*
man live without exercise?" In short, labor vrhici
promotes the ends of economy is an abominable thinf
that which advertizes thei imbecility is a source (<

ivy be our 80*

The value of Ploughs, in point of F'rcngth, dura- -^^^ rpj^^g^, g^f^ handed gentry ma

lity, and lightness of draught, will Le tested and ^^^^^^ i^rothers, but wc fancy they must at all tin.«

iwnifto.l tn :v committee. ^^^ ashamed of our commor. father, old Adam^b.

gubmitted to a committee.

sTi^AM i:nginks.

For the best Portallc Steam P^ngino adapted

to agricultural purposes generally.
Second best do do do

$2j

farmed in Paradise."

Anger may repast with you for an hour, bat ti^
10 ! repose with you for a night.

! Id

JT

crtyK^, - "-

•■ft ■;■-'<'

-■' -• -r 1 <• • e.

> .^ 'f\

/ 'm ^

•- ^^.\^x

M'w i.i:ici"^Ti;i: i.oxc iinn\ liii.Ls

A f^reat improver of the longdiom-. wa.^ .Mi-. Piin-
copolCroxal, in Derbyshire. lie was supposed atthat
time to have the best dairy of long horn cows in tlie
whole of the midland counties. He originallv bred
them from a cow of the name of IJriglit, who was got
by Mr. Webster's IJloxedge, tin f'l'li 1 m( the C'anh^v
blood, and he mm h improved his breed through the
mr'ilium of Shakespeare. It was r-in ii] -d, that
every row and boiler of the Sbakespijan; bujod could
bo' ri!e();^niz"<l at first sight as a ib-scendant of his.

Mr. Mashall thus describes the Ldcestcrs in his
own time, which was that of Bakewell, Princep, and
Fowlor.

!i.:!if t) ;i degree of ele-
*'liap cI'Mii, til'' J). ad lio'',

briu'li' \\\\^\ ])?•

!nin"nt.

>. '. TiiM>.c 'if hulls

t'^eil inr|n'< to t Wo

' '■' n rcan d of liic

*'The forend Ion"- ; Im
fiance. The neck thin, \\\
but Ion;; \\\\ 1 (,ip i in--.

" Tli'i eye larij

" Th" horns \ ar^- with t he s"x, >
arc comparativ.'l^ .short, I ruin 11!
feet;tliose of thelew oxen thai lia\
breed are cxtrem(dy large, bi-ingrroni iwo and a half
feet to three and a liaHTeet long; those of the (;ows
nearly as long, but much finer, tapering to delicately
fine points. Moat of tluim hang downward Ijy the
Ride of the cheeks, and then, if widl turned, as many
of die cows are, shoot forward at the points.

"The shoulders remarkaM lin- ami thin, in bone ;
but thickly covered with flesh— not the smalles pro-
tuberance of bone.

*' The <;irth small, compared v.itli the shortiiorn
and iniddlediorn breeds.

"The chine remarkably full when fat, but hollow
^hen in low condition."

^his is considered by aecurafo judges to be a cri-
terion of good m(dlow flesh. The large hard liga-
^'^ntf, {tlio eontinuaticm of the ligaments of the nock.
united with those of the vertebra) of the spine itself,)
yii^'h m some individurls, when in low condition,
stretch tightly along the chine, from the setting on of
tne neck to the fon^ part of the loins, is said to be a
ttark of the flosh being of a bad quality. They arc
only proofa of great strength in the spine, and, prob-

' • ; 1 n ,

ii' ai,

arat I\ '1 V

\,\\\ <• a
and "l' llii- mid'

ably, in the animal generally; and indicating tliat
tin; meat Mill be binewy and tou'rh.

" The loin broad, and the hip remarkably wide and
protuberant."

A wide loin, with projections of fat on thr liij.H,
may be (le.sira]>lo : Int there can be neither Ix'auty
nor use in Hi ■ inotubcrance of the tuberosities of the
bone. A iull hij) may be of advantage, but scarc(dy
a ])rotu])erant one.

" The (juarters long and level ; the na(die of a ml<i-
dle width, and tlie tail set on variously, even in Indi-
viduals (d" th-' higiiest repute.

"The T'-nn i hones small, but the thi-^lis in j^ener-
al fl ^h\ ; tan lin'j-, however, when in the best fopn
t • •' a rd I h'' LTani hi'(!<.

I hr \<'Z^ Miiall and •
long. Til'' I'.'.'t in gcn<aal
size.

" 'I'h" carca-,- a^ rnarlv a ••vl'iph a- a- th^' nafnral
form \',iii all'.w. Th-' 1 ins ."•■tandin.:- <ait inll Ir-aaihe
sj)ili<'. Tii'' hcily Miiall.

" Tin* lltj.^h HcM ni lails of being (d' tii<' first
<piality.

" The hide of a middle thickness.

"The color various; the brindle, the finchd*ack,
and the pye, are common. The lighter, the better
they are esteemed.

"The fattening quality of tliis lm[)roved Ijrecd, in
a state of maturity, is indisputably good.

" As grazier's stock, tlujy undoubtedly rank high.
The princi{)le of the utility of f«o*m lias been stri(;tly
attende(l to. 'I'he bone orid offal are small, and the
forend light; while thcMdiine, the loin, the rump an<l
the ribs arc heavily loadcni, and with fle.sh (d tho
finest quality. In point of early maturity, they have
also mat(!rially gained. In general, they gaimd w
year in prc^paration for the butchiT ; and although
perhaps not weighing so heavy as they did before,
the diminution of weight isabuudanlly compensated,
by tho superior excellence of tho meat, its earlier
readiness and the smaller quantity of food consumed.

" As dairy stocky it does not admit of doubt that

144

MRRI^JO SIIKKP.

f Am

r«T.

1-.'-

NATIOX\L A OR I CULTURAL (-ONVP.NTInv

their milking quallti'^s liiivolx'on very much iiiipairc^d.
*' As hoasts of (lr;iu;!;lit, their ^^cncral iorin rench^rs
tliom iiiitit : yet many ofthrm are suflieiently power
ful, ami they are more a(*tiv(» than sitnuMtther hrecds
uslmI for the plou;j;h, or on the road ; Imt the horns
jienerallv form an iiisujx'rahh? objection to tliis use
of them." — Youalt d' Martin on ('alllc

The 3Irrino.

Tho Merino, tliouij^h a n;itive of a warm climato,
brconies readily inured to tii(^ «rre!itest oxtremos of
cold, fl(»nrishinir ns far north as Swinlen, without de-
froneratinjr in Ihn'co or form. It is a j);iti(Mit, docile
animiil, bNirinir much confinement without injury to
healtii, and ])ossosscs non» (-f llint peculiar 'Men
ciousncss of appetite," ascrih.n

!.. it

-Uli'

lisli

\\ ri-

tors. Accurately conductcMl (\\j)eriments have siiou ii
that it consmnes a little over '*t\vo poundsof hay pf^r
diem, in winter; lii" lieicoster consumes iVniii liiroe
and a half to four ; and the common wooled Ameri-
can sheep would not probably fall short of fliree. —
The mutton of tho Merino, in spite of the prejudice

whi(!h exists on the subjf>ct, is short pfrainod nnrj rjt
jjood flavor, when killed at a j^roix-r n;jre,"an(i wiMnK
from ten to fourteen j>ouJids to tlio quarter. »*!?
remarkable for its lonji^evity, r(>t:iininjr its teeth anH
continuing! to breed two or three years lonfToj. ^|
tJie common sheep," and at least half a dozen lonirpr
th:in the improved British breeds; "but it should be
remarked in coimect'on with this fact, that it is cor.
respond innfly «1<)W in arrivintr at maturity. It ^^y(^
not attain its full <j^rowth before; three yt'urs ohJ, and
the ew(\s in th(* best manajjed flocks, are rarely per-
mitted to breed before they r(\ach that ajro.''

The Mdino is a far bt^tter breeder than any otl.or
fine-wooled sheep, and ex[)eri(^nce grot's to show thnt
!t- l,iiii!i-, \\\\^ ]\ iH'wly dropj)ed, are' hanlier thMiiihe
Hikc\M 11. -I'ld « .[Hilly so with \\\*' hjli I in,' South-
Ddwii. The ewe is not so jrood ;i imr^, , Imwcver.
as the l.itt'T. a'ld will ii"l usually dn t'ull j notice to
more tlini I'tif Iim/Ii. Ih<rlity or niiicl\ P't cent. Ib
about the ordinary number of lambs usually reared
thouLj-h it often reaches one hundred pi-rrcnt. incnrc!
fully manarfed or small flocks. — RandnlVs S. Hut

MKIMNO \:\\\\.

The use of the siphon for watering plants.

The followin;i; simple plan for protecting cucum-
bers from the effect of Hovore drou<^ht, has been suc-
cessfully tried by a gentleman of Lancaster City :

A small vessel of wood or earthenware (he used
paint kegs) was placed near the Cucumber bills. A
piece of rope, (first thoroughly saturated with water)
was then laid from the vessc^ to the root of the vines.
This rope acting upon the principle of the siphon, dis-
charged the water from tlie vessel directly to the
roots of the vines, thus maintaining a sufficient de-
gree of moisture to keep them in a flourishing con-
dition, when all the vegetation around was parched
with drought. Those who feel desirous of trying the
experiment will bear in mind the J act that the short-

est part of the rope must be immersed in the water
otherwise it will not operate. Although the use of
the siphon is well known, we have never known it
applied to the watering of plants before.

Ardent in the commencement, careless towarti
the conclusion. This is a fault common to manyi"
the conduct of their afljiirs, and one which always
ought to be guarded against; for, without pcr«n^^^
ance and steadiness, few projects can be br()u;;ht u
perfection, and without these essential qualiHcatioDe.
no difBculties are ever surmounted, noconsummatioD
is ever attained; and how many once flourisbiDg
concerns do we see crumble away? how many ooJ»
thriving establishments dilapidated, through tnis"
feet in the conductors?

115

^^iioNvr \(.in< I i;ri K \ L rowixriov

The Cenveiiti <n \\a- hrid iu llu; Leclurr K.mhi m|
tlio Smith'ioiiian histitute.

Much of the progress wliich has }>oon attain, d m
'Hir country, is the result -d' individual .-ni. rprisr

aid.'! hy tlie a;;rieulfiu;il prr-s ; but th.--r.Mt motive

,jn,l^,. Frederiek Watts, of 1', 1,1,. vhania. was tem- |"'^'^'r is conf»'dora!-d artioji, is u.vsoidat.d .floit.

Heive> oT t !i i-^ iiMW ,■

pvriFv called to the chair, an. I Uk hanl S. >l.-rcer, ; ' "•"'h'l'i'H. u • !,:,>.,. ,,irt nn this occasion (,, aval] ,,"„r

i.f Marybuul, and Doctor Daniel Lee, (d < Icoi-ia, W(!ro
jippointeti Secretaries. The total rnnnlM r . lin, ii,l)ers
wcro 1''>1, representing 2'.\ States an.l 'I'.'n it.iries.

, "I niiprtn-. At no p.'n.„| i,, th.«

Instory of (uir conn!r\ lia> ih.r-' been sii. h an a^^.a,i-
bly e(dlecte<l for t!io [.urp,,.so ol con^-id-'rin- ih.',... .1,.
Mr. King, of Rhode Island, from the eounnitl.-e of I J*'^'" *"'* ^^''"■'' ^^" •"'■ brought tog.-thn-, and thne
seven af>l>"inted to n'>niinatc jx'rnnnu'iit (.fliccrs (.f tlie ! I''*;^ *"''.'" ";.' ;'ld""'""i'y whi(di i^ so ia\oialdo t.) ih"
Convention, su)»n)iltod th-^ fo|h,\vin;!; nominations.

which were unaniniou-ly ad'.pt^ d;

I-lr rrai'lent—yiu-\i'^i\\ 1'. W ihb'r, olMa<s.

/',,• J''*'v' 7*/vv///' ///.v. -Ht'iirv \\ a;j;<'r, of \. \. ;
Kri'dcri^k Watts. oT l*a. ; ("harh's 1>. Cahcrt, (d' Md.;
William F. linntor. (d" Ohio; (Jcor^re W. \. 'smith,
,,f N II.; doll!! II. Throrkmorton, (d' \'a. ; H. K.
|',iir.:\\\". ' r .\ . •'.; T. d. Jiu.sk, of Texas; James
l)Uiin.' I»"ty. d' )\'is.

interests of tho lanii. r.

F.rmit UH' ;i-ain, -^'ntlcnion. to t.-nd.T voij my
fhiinks lor th.' diMinrtion you havr conlrrnMl upoii
ino, itnd to say that in tlip •■..iirsr ,,(' our d.dil,.. rations
I may, witii your j.onnission, j)artiripiitc in your de-

bat

es.

(hi motion of Mr. !>.'(«, it was rps(dyod, " That it is

e.xn.MJimt to lorm a \ati(.nal A^^ricultural S.M-i-'ty."

>Ir. d.'ssup. of Fcnnsylyania, ii|.j)ndifnd.M| that

there w.Mild h.- ^i'^■^j little .lilbTencc of opinion upon

Vor ^*'rrofnr\ei<- ^\ illiani S. KlnL^ <d" U. [.; \\. W ' this .pirstion. Many ^rmtlemen had com.' hen- us

.J.ihnsiui. v. v.: d. A. Ward-T, ui Ohio; d.D. IJ. 1)(! far as ho had h"on aldo to loam, not only desirous

l)..\v. (»1 h iiiHaiia. I that a national (M*i;anization should )»(• rflVcfod, l.nt

.Mr. Wild.T, amid.-l nnndi ap)daus.>, took the chair ! ^^'^f^' tin- o.xpo, -tat ion that oth.T things not innno.'liate-

and addressed the Con \ on t ion a-> follows: —

ly connoctcd with its or^^^mi/ation should also be aet-

T -Ti ... ed upon. For his part, ho r.iuld s.T nodifh.-ulty in

(.cntlemen el the Convention ;—Tw!!lTvd ir.t-rr;;pt , uci .oo,.o^uo.„ .u. ... u.io./.asio,,, ,.,,., aiso rtfortm- ull
tho pr(.cee(lin;/s«)f tins b..(lybraiiy<"xt(-ndod rrniark^ ' other thin;;s that mi-lit bo domiod drsirald.- If i
from tlie elmir ; but I ciwinot forbear te tendor to you national or-aJii/ation .d' this (diaractor sjiould intor-

myheartfcdt gratitude iyv tho honor you have e^n- ' p(,s,- botwoon tho | plo and national action on this

fernMl upon me m selcctmu^ mo to presni,. ,,y,.r your subjoct, h.; him-olj- would !.<> oppo^od to it, beoau^o ho
deliberations— an honor whiih is o.,nnoot. d wltli a did* believe the time ha.! r..m.' \n hoi, the a.rrj.'ultur il
pursuit which has ever laid noar my h.art. interests ..fth- nation had a ri-ht tod-^maml an a-ri-

0- IVrmit me also to express my great gratification cultiir;il (b'partiio n' ..f this govornmmt. t. protect
that there are present so inonilM'rs ropn-^ontinr* tho sustain, and juMinoto tloir intoio>ts. if' tho- (^r.Miii-
a-ri(Miltural inten^st of this (rr,>;it Hojmldic- soim- /.ation whioh wa>^ proposod could at all interfcre'^yith
fl.MithMncn comin- fr.'in ditforont and .jistant parts (d' tho proso.ution of this ^aoat (d))oct, h.; should havo
Uie Fniuu.^at iTT' at personal saeritieo; but whothor groat <loubts a> to its oxpodioniy ; but at the samo

fmrn the North .ir the South, th-," lla^t or the >\'ost, time, ifthi- shouM n-t bo a nYlivJiod at this's('s-

I extend to en- h of you tho haihl of followship, and 1 sioti of Coiignss, ho l.oHrvod a national organization
p-oetyou as brothers in a common caus(>. wouhl be the medium of communication b<-twoon the

(jentlemen, we com.' horo with no sinister motives ; firmor-- of tho Fnion and tho ( '.)ngress of tho nation
wc have no political arguments to advance ; wo have whi( h might cvontuat<' in the a7t<-ompIiHhniont (,f'
no sectional or party juirposos to ].romulgate, but wo what the farmers (d' this Cnion. when they .Nh(,uld
are here for mor<' important purposes. Wo are here ; understand the bearing of the irreat (piesti(;n, would
f) advance an art coeval \\\{\\ the existenee of the hu- i demaml with ])erfeet unanimity.

man race— an art whi(di employs (dghteen millions | A committee of (•ne from eaidi State was then ap-
ofoiir populatio)!, any f »ur-tifths of the ea]dtal in our pointed, to prej.are business f »r the Convention.
fii.r l.iud -an art whi(di lies at the yery foundation! And theri'Upon the Chairman aniif.unced the fjl-
of national and individual jirosperity and wealth, the i h.wing gentlemen to yon-^titute said comuiittec ;
ba.*^is of ,.,,nimorct>. (d' manufactures, !ind of industrial I Messrs. Ilolcomb. (d' Delaware; Dtpuglas, of IlJi-
pursuits. We a!-<' an agricultural p<(. pie ; our habits, I nois ; d. A. King, (d' .\e\y York; i'aw^on, of ( Jeor-
our dispositicms nro rural. I rejoice that it is so, and ; gia ; From h, of Ma--a(diu<etts ; Ste.de, (d .\e\y IIam|o
1 {Tay that it ever may oil inuotobeso. Our conn- shire; 'i'hurston. ..[ IIIk. do Inland ; I lubbard. (d' < 'oji-
try ejnbraces every variety of soil, and is capable of
producing of ilio products of the torrid and temperate
znnes; and with a suitable application (»f science to
this art, aiid a wi^o diyi-ion <d labor, with proper
bovoriini.ntal aid, there i- no reason why American
agriculture may not sustain competition with that of liouisiana; Sjicncor. of Indiana: Mallory, (d' Ken-

necticut; Stevens, (d \ ornent ; Fhvyn. of I'mnsyl-
nia; (^alvert, of Maryland; ramid.ell, (d' ()hio;
IIanco(ds. (d' New drr^ey; Callan, (»f the I'isfrict of
Columliia ; il. \V. !'. Custis, of N'irginia : Ibirgwyn,
of North (^ir(dina ; 'fiivlor, <d* Alabama ; I)o |{ou, of

li/.e.l "lobe.

anv Other nation (»f the civ

I he progress of agriculture, as you all know, gen
tlemen, has been slow in the United States, but a
new era has now commenced, 'f he (dd worn out ^ys-
^j'nv'i of cultivation, whi.di have bee,, followed by "fa-
ther and son, and from generation t«) generation, are
now to be swept away, and science is now to take its
P'ace m aid of bonest industry. I rejoice, gentlemen,
H K^^ li^;^ at this day ; I rejoice that the seed plant-
ed by the immortal Washington, and which has been
^atered by thousands of other eminent agriculturists,
18 now taking root, and that we live in our day to re-
«^iize some of the proud results of their hopes.

tncky; IJcll, of 'I'oiine^see : W oston. <d' Wisconsin
McLane, of California ; I'lckhard; of Maine; Seaman,
of .^^h higan,

Sever il su I ijects were referred in this committee,
and among others, to prepare a memorial to be prc;-
sented to Con^^ress relative to an Agricultural 15u-

o

reau,

o

During tho absence of this committee from the hall *
f meeting, several gentlemen entertainiMl and in-
structed the Convention by delivering int<'resting ad-
dresses on the condition of agriculture in their re-
spective States.
Mr. Calhoun, of Maseachusctta, aanoimced the

t-.*t

146

NATIONAL AORirrLTrn \[. r^OWF.XTlOX

fA

I (.j<i

Marshficld {\irmer, Hon. Daniel AVcbstor, a8 a dole-
gate to the Convention, whieli was receiv.-d witli

much appUiuse. .

Mr. Elwyn, of Pennsylvani:!, from th.' r'annntt-M-
appointed to prof arc businesH for the C'onv.nti.ui, and
report a constitution for the Nati(»n:il A-ru'ultural
Society, Kuhmittcd a constitution, v. hi'h wa^ i\'ad,
and considered by sections.

Some discussion rnsuo(l as to th." time an-l phu-c
where the Society shall hereafter meet, wUrn an
amendmentwas adopted ].rovidni,- that th.' ine»'tin-s
of the Society shall be held on the iirst Wednesday
in Februarv, in the eitv (»f Washin-ton, tlu; Kxecu-
tivo Comnnttee, \vith tiie assent of the Society, to
have the power to call nieetin;;s clsewliere. ^ _

The i\)uventi*.u bavin;!; a.lopted the constitution,
then adjourned until seven o'clock in the evonm-.

KVKMNO SESSION.

The Convention, after a recess on Thursday, met

af^ain at 7 o'clock. _

Mr llolconib from tlie committee on business, r<-
ported a preamble and r.^s..lutioi., settin- forth the
inuM.rtance, .S:c., of iosterin- a-rieulture as a matter
ot national importance, and ren.mmendm;!; tliat I on-
gross aiolmri/.e the establishment of a " Department

of Ajrriculture."

Jud<-e Dou-las, from the same committee, -nve no-
tice oflm intention to ofTer a substitute for die report.

Oil motion, the committee on business was author-
ized to select oflicers for tlie organization ot the
** United States Agricultural Soeu-ty. '

The committee retired ; and during their absence
the roll of delegates was called, to allow an (»p})ortu-
nity of their signing the constitution of the society,
and paying the initiatory fee of two dollars: which

was done bv all present. . , ., / i

Mr Callan, from said committee, reported the tol-
lowingto constitute oflicers of the "I nited States
Agricultural Society,'' for the present year :—

iVe5i(7e;i/— Marshall V. Wilder, of Massaehusctts.
Fj'cc iV.fiWc»A9— Kzekitd Holmes, Maine; (ioorge
W. Nesmith, New Hampshire; Henry Stevens, Ver-
mont- P>. V. French, Massachusetts; Josiah (Miapin,
]{hode Island: S. D. Hubi)ard, Connecticut: Henry
Wa-'-er New York : Thomas Hancock, New^ Jersey ;
Frederick AVatts, Pennsylvania: Peter F. Causey,
l)cl'iware- W D. P.owie, Marvland: (I. ^^ . P. Cus-
tis ' Virginia: H. K. Uurgwyn, North Candina :
Thomas Witherspo.m, South (^irolma ; » '"'"Y,"
Stocks, Georgia: Kol)ert doiies. Alabama: Al(>x. 11.
Beo-nes, Mississippi : A. B. Koman, Louisiana: 1- .
KiSsman, Ohio; Kobert Mallory, Kentucky : Dr.
John Shelby, Tennessee: S. A. Douglas, Illinois; D.
11. Atchison, Missouri: T. U. Flourney, Arkansas :
James L. Conger, Michigan : ])rS.nimons Laker,
Florida: Thomas .). Pusk, Texas: W. K ( o(dbaugh,
Iowa: James D. Doty, A\ isconsin : P. A\ . Uogg<.
California; John F. Callan, District of Columbia ; S.
M. Baird, New Mexico ; Alex, l^lmsey, Minnesota;
Jos. Lane, Oregon ; Jos, L. Hayes, I tah.

Executive CommUtcc.—Chas.B. Calvert, ^Lirylaiul;
J. A. King, N. York: Dr. A. L. Fdwyn, Pennsylvania:
W.B.Newton, of Virginia; d. D.Weston. Wisconsin.

Corresponding Secreianj.—Vv. D. Lee.

Recording Secretanj. —lioheri C. Walker.

Treasurer— Vim. Seldon.

The report was adopted.

The report in f\ivor of an Agricultural Department

was called up. , j i ^

Ramsay McIIenry, of Maryland, expressed doubts

ongrc

as to the Constitutional power of Cc.^i, ... , ,,, ,
lish such denartnient, and feared its bein^ minV
witli tie politics of the day, :up1 ;.> ^ fiirnKT^r^
a friend of the interest he could nutlnng that coulJ
bkelv produce such issue.

Mr. (lentry suggested a diihrent modo, V)y connect,
ing such a department with the Smithsonian Iml
tute.

Judge Douglass said he \va< ^'a-ly to eubniit |
substitute for tlu? report, earryin- nut rlie view m
sugg(,'Stcd ; and sj)oke at len;j;tli to tlie wuhject

Professor Henry, vi' the Smitlis(ini;in In^itot*
begge(l gentlemen to ]):iuse, and 11.4 li;isti]y .
take a step that might do injury to an iiistituu-;
that is now just entering upon a ;rreat iiscfnl, ;,•
nourishing ]>lan of operations: and went iiitoanti.
])lanation of the designs and j-re^ent werkin^'oft^
Institution.

dudLre Doujrlass briellv respondeil.
The Convention then, at near vUiwu u'clock.M-
journed.

1 inuring tln^ session a committee av a s[ appointed!/
wait upon the President and Secretary el the Su>
and ascertain when it would be eonveiiient tureceu
a visit from the Convention.)

SECOND DAY.

The Convention met yesterday raornlni:; at tc

o'clock.

The subject of establishing a National bepartlW
of Agriculture was resumed.

Mr. Ilolcomb spoke at length on the subject.

Mr. John A. King, of New York, offered a robit-
tute for tlit> proposition under consideration, rt»
mending to Congress the establishment of an Agrin!-
tural liurtMiu. upon whatever ])lan d<'eine(l mosteipe j
dient. He res}H)nded to some reni;irk,« by Other |
deh>gat(^s, and especially in regard to the fean ofi
political eharaeter. ^ . .

Mr. (Advert, (»f Maryland, spoke in favor of la^
menioriali/ing Congress in ai<l ^>i' tlie promotiot (i( ,
agriculture, as one ,.f the great interots ..f theirs, j
ernment and the ])eo]>le. He cared net fororfe»r:
not anv political interpositions in reganl tntb-'
ter: and pressed the proposition as dw to the i»(.Tr
cultural interests. .

Him. Mr. Robinson, of Lidiana,o].p"^^'\^''['P^* ,
legislation, believing that all his people .h-ire. in .
fa^r field, a clear sky, and an untramnielle.lc •mn/
that thev might buy where they can l)uy cM'ii.--
and selTwhere thevVan sell highest. ',

Mr. Conger olTei'ed a new ].lan to promote agncf
lure to be lu-e^ented to Congress.

linn Mr. r.ell, of Ohio, favored milking Jgn»-
ture equal with other interest-, receiving the e^
sideration cf Congress and the ]. refection otO(

ernment. ^i-cr/X'

Jud-e Douglass responded to the roinark> • -

Ilolcomb, declaring the deiiuneiatmns ul
nioasures (Migross
rs " iidquitous and

olaee, iVe. . „ inttam

' Mr. Ilolcmnl. in,,,iirr.i iC tho f^ontU'.mm .l«-

imv tiling personal l.y ''''< remarks. ^,

roctly to otlW.d, but shoul.l i.e.>un, l> • "
prevent insult, either to Inn.self or tli. ""n

ihe, nation. „.,iiirali»''*

The reference of the gentleman to "•''"""^^
Native Americanism, ocean ^'earners ic.,
abuse of the privilege conferred upon any pe«^
to this convention, and calculated, it nov

,,r the attention ot CoiP*
unin.-t," a. unealled for.O"'

I Ri)~

NATION \L Ar.KlfrrTIMrM, rONVI-NTloN

-1 ,yr--.— — — WJ»'*-l^>' JW>*'»^«W1

147

,0 mak'^ ^'"^ • " ■^""'•" a p(.htical arena— a sort of po- 1 return to mir rospectivc iiomcs. Ili.t, Mr. I'resi.l,

litiral ratitieation moeting. we could not leave the seat of (iMxrrnuent with

jTh'' Ih'"- ^^•^"''^*^ Webster, at this juneture, en- first paying our resp<.cts to \ ^u a-> ( 'hief >bi;^ivti

,.,1 tlie hall, and his appearance cjiiied forth un- of our beloved (ninn, aiei >>\ a-Mirin;^ yoiTof

» ,jj,„l,.,l applause, aini«lst which he was conducted to profound respect for your pi i\ate worth 'and .lis

]„u„,le(l ap|»lau

a scat u|>"n the platform.)

Mr. Douglass made some further remarks.

Mr. Iloleiinib res])ondctl. lb ii-earded all Inten-
1 • _ - i:*: ...1 i 1.1 .1.. - / 1

•lit,

out

rate

our

tni-

gui-h.'I clmracter.

'I'o whi. h I'lr.phiit I'iilne.rr r. -pMiHi,,] a^ f,,lI(,wM:
Mr President: — Vom- kii,,i ivmark-^ ha\e fak. ,,

' lilting

tosuch matters as had occurred to Ins nnnd wiiilst , ^^''"""^ to nnke a smtaMe ackowledurne nt. I am
in the jtursuit of his farming operjitions : an-l re- "'"^^ '''M'I'>- however, Im iiK'et y.m aiel \<iur friend-
'.'retted the genteinan -houM have so constne d his 'd the National A ;j;ri. nhural S..ci.'fy, and to w elc<,nie
^,.,n;irks. ' yon t(. the Kx.-eutive manvi,,n. T appreciate nn.M

.iud'e pMii^hi.-s explained ; and the under.>Uinding |»i"'d'.nndly iho ini|Mirtancc (,f ynnr assdciatimi to the
ua< r.riproeah | a-ri.Mihnral inr^-rcM^ .d' th<' country. I was mv-elf

Mr. Stecde. of \i\v IIam})shire, nioNcd to lay the brought up >>u the farm. I know by experiem'e the
wl„.l.' subject on the talde. " , lal'or and foil (d i farmer's liie. W^heii u boy 1 iiave

Mr. b.'wi.«- of di<tri<-t of (Vdumbia. desired the sub- followr.l the plough till I was .s(. w.-ary tiiat'l could
ject mi'dit he faiily presented to ( \-ngre.ss for its I ''^^''''Lv ^^"dk to the Ik.us,. at ni;^ht. \ have swung
j^tlen." ' ^'"' ■^•■.^■^''•' 'I'xl liiindled the sickle all day : ]a,t aiu

Mr. <h'ntry movj-d tli" [irevious question. After- hajijiv tn ham that these laborious occu[ ations are
\rard> witli<lraw n. '>"^^' uiuch lelicvetl by the invention (d" reai.ing and

Judge Jessu[>. <d" reiinsylvania, expresse.l ren;rct /""^^■'"^' '"=»'''"t"'^-
that an idea shouhl go out of any j.oliteal fcLding Ibit tie- fanner's lif,- uith all its toil affords a han-
jifcvalent here. ^ m indep. nd.nce that the professional may W(dl (.'uw.

Further r'neirk< w<>re niadebv (h'ner.il l!iisk- and | nm ./mrifi...! t«» },r.,ij. tlmt vou have formed rt N'ation-
Ihrn. Jacob Tieoni>«on, of .Missi^^pju. (ienoral al Ass,,fiati(.n i'^r the MLjict (d collecting and dilfus-
Ihi-k suhmitted a substitute, merely a-king (d" ( 'on- in^r i,,(;,,a,iatiMn. In this way >ou will concentrate
jrress to take into consid'i-ation tile interests of a;:ri- y,,ur ener;:ies and exteiitl your usidulness ; and as
culture, and to ado[)t such ne'asures foi- that (d.ject your occupation i- tie- great foundation (d'the weaiil

as may be deemed best.

Mr. Tlioiiipstjn favored leaving this whole move-
ment to the local societies of the States, and prcdcst-
(d a;:;ainst any attempt, here and now, to press any
Fpf^f^ial project upon (N)ngress.

Mr. ■) 'lin .\ . King, of New York, by general coi

aiel prosperity of the country, everything:; t'alculat' il
to ad\ance it sii(»uld be hailed with d' li_dit .and ap-
prcjbation by every citizen of the iiepuhlic. \\ iietlwr
in or out of office, ]ie a'^^ured that 1 -hall alw av- take
a deep inlei'o-,! iu the pro>jierity of tic agrieultural
interests ol' the country. \Vithout thi- oui arts, luan

-■••r-' ..... . ---, vo ........i..-. •■■'■■■••iiiii-'iii nil, -.111,111

, offered ih'' I'ol! owing a-^ a substitute for all oth- ufaetures, and coiuniei-ee must lan-uis|i. lait al! mav
..:*:...,„ .... ,1. ...1 :...» \^ .. . . . 1 .. 11 • .1 . • - ".

sent

er propositions on tho ^ailject.

necol red, Thai thi- <'on\ention ro<pe,-f fully rerpiest
Congress to take action upon the t^ubjci^t ot agricul-
ture, and afford sutdi etlicient ail a< in their wisdom
.diall he he^t calculatei] to .advanc. the great interest
of that branch of indu.^try.

Adepted.

On motion of Henry T. l>ur<rwyn, of Xoitli Caro-
lina, the ollicers id' the Convention were re(juested to
present the fore''-.dnfr res(dution to CoiiLcress.

Tl,..

be prosper<iu- to^^ciher. liojtiu- that \our infaii^t
society may prove a hles>inL: to the country, 1 beg
leave to return you my ;:raieful a^ kow |e^r|.,,,,.,,(j^ p,,j.
the kind and flattering inanii'r in \\liiih vou have
been pleas. (1 to speak (d' nn- p'-rsonalh, and of mv
official coiKJuct : ;ind shall be most happN' to take tlie
several ne'iiilcrs of your sot ieiy hy the hand, aiei to
wish them a pleasant sojourn in our eit\, aiid a sale
return to their families.

_ . ^ ,.. - -- -_ - The deleirat"s nrocecdeil from the Pi-esi(}eut's liouso

\ arioiis local soideties were rei|U"ste(l to solicit to the re.sKieiice (if t he ."Secretary (»l Stat'', ^^ here t hey

ni'iiihers to the national society.
Alter the usual ^ot" ,d thanks to tiie presiding

were cordially recei\e(l,

In response to a brief a<iilress from the I'residenf

.1 t \ . * %ff ii'i. 1 /• ■

-••»» ii»' W:^lll|l ^^l' \ ' L liUllirV.^ V'' 111' |'*'-''*'»*^ 111 4'.|'''l|.' iwn I'll! H'4'll'.- Iiwiii l||i 111.^ 111*111

t'fiici-r, aiel a pertinent reply on his part, a similar of the ( 'on\ ention. Mr. Webster made a few remarks,
Tote of thanks to Professtir Henry for th'' use (d his ^yhi(dl (licited the hi;ih"st adniirati on and njiplanse.

room, and an in\ it.at ion to \ isit the President at '2 o
clock, the Conveuiit)!!, on nnjtion, adjournctl sine die.

VISIT TO THF I'lnXDFNT.

The m«iii1,ers of the Comention, in accordance
^ith arrangement, \i<ited the Presi<huit, wli"n he
^■:i'^ U'ldres.sed by tie- Pre^^iihnt .d" the Convention,
(M. P. AVilder,) asfdlows:

Mr. President: — We appear before you as tlie rep-
roscntativos of the agricultural interests ot the I'nited
otates — as the representatives of an emrdovment up-

PeiiTi'^yU ania llortieuttural Sorlefy,

The stated meeting(d this As<o( lation wa-^ liejd lai
Tuesday evening, July 'JOth, ISol!, in the ( 'hiue.sc
Saloon, Phi la., ( leii. Patterson, pnsiilent. in the (diair.
The exhibition was unusually file in eaeh liepait-
iiieiit; the disphiNs ol jdants reiu.ti kai>l \ s(», and con-
sisting of fiv(5 extensi\c collect ion. s all Jii }l(»W(,'r. Tlie
president's gardener c(jntributed a very large table of
of finfdy gntwn specimens — Hydrangea.*!, Yuccas, (jar-

mrmahze Congress for its promotion. were Achime ^y:-,:' -' r V^-~

<Jur deliberations arc closed, and we are about to amia Versicolor, Fuchsia lair llosamoud and Don

14S

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

Giovjinni, d<>ul)l(' purpli' (Jliim-sc i'riinru><o, all ul'W
and shown for the iirnt tiino. Joliii L;iinl)«'rt's gar-
dener had :i haiids(Mne colleotinTi, Thns. F. Croft
bro^ht v<'ry tine Pinks and dniihle l^oppies. Tlh'ho-
fjuets and dt^^i^ns were arran;;od with much taste. —
Tlu) desiini )>y Isaac <.\>llinN, gardener t»» (Icn. Pat-
to son, was largo and'bcaiitil'iil, and fornuMl of choice
llowers. Tho8. Mohan, <^ardoncr to Cah>h Co]>o, had
a large basket of select Howcrs, tlu^ centre of whiidi
displayed the 77th llower of the Victoria Kcgiii, from
the same plant, and was a beautiful specimen, also a
design of exotic, and a basket of native tlowers. W'^k
Kilvington ami Thos. ]Meghran exhil>ited crc<ll!;i! 1 •
baskets and luxpiets.

Tin' fniit tnl'i • |ire^rMit1'il tcin])tln'j,ly i'^ d''] icmi^^
!,)irth<'n, c. iiu}<rl-"!!i_ tii.' •^peeinuii^- nl I'.lark Ilani-
bui'"' ( i nipt-. IV' !M IIoIm'i! l'!i;-<'e\ Imu-i :. Praches
— the \,.Mc--\ rrawi'oid'^ 'Mrly M<!.i'''l:m, (l.or^c
1\ lii, ai\'l llAVr )-ipc varieties. P!i:m- -the gr^'cii
♦••age aul pm-pl'' gag(\ all li m ''al''li dope's. The
Mu^rli aipj Baxter's Seedling Aprl--t, W iM i- Pa--p-
berry, (Jitfard anl Mn-at Pear, lar^e >• H-w aii.l

the l>e.>.l litack, to Maurice i nui, ganicntT to I^k

Land)ert. (ioonpltorrua — For the best, the 1

(Ircen, to Isaac 15. Haxter ; for the second be8t,^L

large Velh.w, to the samo— and sT.ocijd T'rornium.f

11-1 • r v 1 1 111' ""UDiiifi^j

splendid specimens oi .Noltl.'sse Peach and a coll

tion of Nectarines, to Thus. Meehan, iranienpr V
Caleb Cope. ^ ft ^rv

The C(»inmittee also submitted an ad intfrim rm**

The ('(.imnittee on Vegetahles are pleasni t^^ringR

remarkal.l\ Ihm displays, large in quantity an.iuj

sup. rior gr.'Wtli; aii'lawai'l the followin;^ prrmium,

1

c!)? 1

COMMUNICATIONS.

1 P)

lar^^e trreen Gooseberries, iron 1 l-,iu P.. P.axter. The
^loorpark Apricot, frt»m Jane ! Mm. his. I unr \ari-
cties of Cherries and one of Plums and Peciie Apri-
cot Irom .Mrs. J. li. Smith. Ma-hliue I'< ars, by II.
W. S. Cleveland. Miser Plum, by A. Parker, lied
Currants and Cherries, fr(»m Mrs. N. A. Poo. lied
Currants and Blush Apples from Mrs. ^1. >uyder.—
Fine Apples and Peachi'>, from Johii Perkins" —
White (,'urrants, from Miss Cratz. Black Currants
from John Laml)ert.

The collecticms of Vegetables were really very fine
and were exhibited by Anthony Felton, jr., Thomas
^b'ghran, gardener to 11. Cornelius, John Miller,
gardener to 'Jose].h S. Lovering, Mniri''' Fiim. gar-
dener to John Lambert, and Tiiomas 3b,'elian, gar-
dener to Caleb Cope.

The following are tie- pr-miums awarded on the

occasion:

By the Committee on Plants and Flowers: —
r/anfs i)i Pcf-s' — For the best collection, to Isaac
Collins, gardener to Gen. Patterson ; for the second
best, to dainr- r;;--.t. -Mr<l:-!i.'f t.' -lames l>iin«]as;
for th(> tim-.l l.'>t. tn Tli. ma- Pm'-mM- 'ii. ^.n-.ha;::- to
IIa.rry Ingcrsoll. /''"//' /// " j'"^. tie' /aieli-nria
Californica, to W. M.-lntr-^h, l.a-.aiian t^ K,,!a. liuiM.
Jioquct D('.''i</ns- V'^r tie' l"'-t tn Isaac Collins,
ganlener to (Jon. Palters.. u: W^v the secon-l be^t fn
Tliomas Me.dian, gardeeer t" Cah'h Cope; l-r ihe
best hand Bou.piet, to K.-hert KiMngton; Ibr the
))ept Indigenous Bouqet to the same, liaskct of Cut
FloH'crs, Wtr the best, to T. .Meehan, gardener to C.
Cope; for the best f jrmed of Indigenous ilowers, to

tlio same.

The Committee noticed a very handsome collection
of Pinks from Thos. F. Croft, and neat ccdlections of
Plants from Maurice Finn and Thomas Meehan, gar-
dener to C. Cope.

By the Committee on Fruits: —

Griipcs, black variety— For the best, the Idack
Hamburg, to Robert Kgeo. Ajn^icofs—Vor the best,
the Moorpark, to James Bissot, gardener to James
Dundas ; for the second best, the Baxter seedling, to
Isaac B. Baxter. Plums— Yor the best, the Green
Gnge, to Thos. Meehan gardener to C. Cope ; for the
second best, the Miser, to Alex. Parker. Pears-
Tor the best, the Beurre Giffard, to Isaac B. Baxter.
Jpples—Yor the best, the Prince's Harvest, to John
Perkins. Cherries — A special premium to the 10 to
the pound variety, to Mrs. J. B. Smith. Currants—
For the best Red, to M. Snyder; for the best AVhite,
to John M. Gallagher, gardener to ISIiss Gratz ; for

T'liHifoes — r^r tlir In-t halt" p'-ck, ti .l,iine!<.I
i:ar>liMi<'r at tlic ( i irar'l ('. il !•■::■.• ; Jmi- il,,. >.,.('()n(l Jj.-.
to -Idjiri Miller. gai-il<'ii('r to -hiM'pli S. LMV.'rin?-
V, j( tiihli S-- I'or til'' liest di>play hy aiiiaik' * ^araoj). '
( r, to Anthony Felton, jr.; l''»r the Ix-^t hy ;in ;iinat<^ur
to Thos. Mcghran, gardener to Poht. ' '"ni' lius; f,,^
the second Ix'-^t, to .lolin Mill.T, j^aril-HMr (,,,] j{
Lo\('ring. And special ]»n'mimn-; tn .^Iau^i^.« pjuj^
gardiana' to .lohn LainlMa-t, and T!i.iai- .Moohao '
^ar<l<'nir to ('a!r]> ('opt\ rach fia* \rry liii'' il;«['.jv*

( )i\ iiMti'ai ni-(lcri'(l that flftfi n drlci^att'S Vi iV
iVneriean Pianoloij;ical Congres- 1»" Appitintod, wii;.
authority to supjily varancirs and add to iht.'ir nunj.
her if neciissary.

An aiii"'.'. bnent to the V.y dnu-c: Trn? prA|y.sHj.

A coinnHinicntion from t lie roriMspoiidingSecrtU-
rv (dt!;-' \e\N ^'o^k Ihirtieiilrural Society wm m.i.
prop<t.*-ni.:- a co-operation with oin- associiitiun in pr-
iiioiiii" a ceinnnai rause. < >ii motion adjourned.

TllO. P. dAMKS, llec. Secretanr.

COiuVubU (roiuinuuiiatioii!}.

y\n Item of Aijrienltural Sumeiy.

]\Tr. PniroR: — ddie ahove lieadiii'.: 1 iiavtj no dotil*
^vill appear to ni my a- Im^Ih.' useless and only exK-
imental. P>in my inf ntiMn is to give you a «h<.
description of a case that caim; under my notice.
and .-ii'w to the numerous read(»rs of your valuiVi-
Journal that surg-ry may 1)' :is successfully pra.'ii-
ed among the brute creation as it is amen •_' mankind.

Not huig since one <d" my lu-ighhors l.rMU.'htloE:
.dllce a very large dung-hill Cock, whirli ii.' said L
Id -o>ai 1-^e if something was not <!eii,' forit-

\\i 'U

pr»in9

of Indian corn, oats, watermelon seeds, <te.

I^j^Ij had not undergone any pn>eess of digestion,

d which caused a very Icud odour Ire-ia putrefac-
li,n having taken phiee.

\ftor removing the contents of the crop. T care-
f llv wiislu'd it out and then sewed up iUv. incis-
:,r- this heing done, I set the Cock upon his
f .t when he immediat{dy Htnii ted about and Happed
I' ^jij, rs, showing to those who stood hy aiei w it-
oe«8ed th« operation, that he was relir\,d. it lias
now been several days >inee tie- oprratien \\a> ]ier-
furnit'd ;ifi'l tic- Ceek appears to he d^ing finely, m,
mili-h8o,tluit I am >ati-Hed that the ojn I'atiiai ha:- h'cn
^^j^.^^,^.j,j\d; and that he will he a hettia" Cork than he
wa.* U'fere, l-i" the kind, whith will he p' m ,r eiiiiugh,
at least, in eoiuparison to the celidtratctl Shanghaes
an<l Chittagongs.

With these few remarks permit me t-i hope that
st-meof your readcr> \Nil!,L^i\e this Hilij.ct their at-
t^T.tien and if possihle extend the science.

d No. p. T.SCC.MIT.

mih'jrore, July 8, 1852.

[The surgical operation ahove recorded is not new ;
almost every experienced fewl broeth^r is familiar
with it. We, however, puldi-h it f'lr the hcmdit id'
thnse who may not have been aware ot tin; fact tiiat
the life of a valuable fowd may sometimes be saved
Iv so simple a plan. A\'e trie.l it eiiee, lait t-T want
vf proper surgical skill, or s' nie other cans.-, our pa-
tient died a few h'lur-- after the operation

lie told ni" the fowl was a favorit > of the laimlyin. '
ha.l i.een fed cvcrythin-. I came to the conclusi'
it was a pnnipered animal and. like many ■> • ^
bipeds from high living and awaniuf exercise-tki: ,
indigestion was the main seat of his complaint.

1 told my iri-nd that liis n-^ter had dy-|.epsi^---
laughed at' the idea and said he ihuught itWM*i
possible, as that was a disease belonging to man M-
not to brutes. 1 carefully examined the Cock !»•
found his crop very much distended and very h»r(H ^
and when I placed^ h.im on his feet he ^o"^^"^^
edly lall h.rward from the enormous weight rfB'l
crop. Presuming that his stumadi wantclrohctt-
not knowing how an emetic would operate, I de
ined to perform an operation at all hazards.

Having, as I thought, diagnosticated thecasep
perly, I commenced by making an incision inW
crop with a scalpel and removing from therein ai^
a quart of matter ; among which were many w

^h»|)h» rtN— Slieep rai>in:; in Pennsylvania.

M:i, hiUTOR: — The (•e\er of y'iiiT Jeurnal repre-
^nte, very approj,riat(dy, a sle plerd and his dog. —
Certainly nu'' of the most im[»ortant personages in
a;:riculfural jtursuits, as from him v." tra<'e the first
ii:r.v!i I'Taixriiailture, thtaisands of vears a;ro. He it is
who reriih-rs the mountains of Sootland, otlierwise i
unpndu<-tive, a source of wealth, — it is to him we
owe the fine cloth of Sax'onv, fiianerly a searce ar-
ticle, and unly pruduceil in <mall (piantity hy the in-
dolent Spaniards, it i< thi'MiiLdi him th" liilh' king-
dom of Saxony has tripled its agricultural wealth,
''ithin the last fifty years. T>ot where is such a per-
sonage to he found in Pennsylvania ? The hramdi of
^e Allegheny maintains that strerches from the
Delaware to the I'-te.mac, throu-h I'enn-;. Ivania, a
?ffat portion of which has been laid hare *'t its tim-
wr by fire, is situated in n far more nrnnial (dimate
than the mountains of Scotland. ^^ h at are they used
^^r? To pasture a few lean eat tie.

One of your correspondents complains that he has
lost eleven hundred dullai.-, hy the destruction of
*h<?ep by dogs. Such a complaint would make a
^on sheep hreedor smile, when informed that these
*heep were suflPered to run at large without being un-
^^ the care of a shepherd.

From the time of the Patriarch Jacob to our own
<lays, it is presumed that sheep can only prosju-r un-
der the care of a shepherd. Kvery animal but tho
sheep appear to know how to avoid danger. It U
one of the most ludpless animals, and therefore from
time immemorial has been under the care of a sliej>-
herd.

Twenty years ago, I visited and examined with
much care the slieep f.dds (Schafereg) in Sa.X(my. I
saw the KHMt profits the system pursued there gives
to ih- hiad owners, and it struck me very f^rcihly
that Nve h, 1 -,1,1, p, (jxtensive and valuahle shuc'p
Nvalk 111 !*■ 111! \lvaiiia on th.e Alle<dienv m.in,i:tliis
•I- ^^ 'oM !.• \\,,r;h iMiHi<.ns to the Sa.Kon sheep hiT(!d-
'•". I'i't \\hi(Ii is entindy nnjin^ductive to us. |;j
vain I ha\e ,• lile 1 ,,1, my rity IViends to Invest some
<':•!'"''' .i-inti\ wlih II, ['. V th) purpose oi estahlish-
'"'- :' -le( p! >1 1 fS(diafereg) on the Saxon system. —
\^ I -It ad\ ani.ij-e it would he to the idotli manufae-
tur. r, in t!e' \i inity (d' IMiiladejphia, to hav.; his
own IliM k id -he, p hrought to tln^ same perfection as
the ."^a.xMO. J ln-re is nothing to hinder it. In a
1' \v heiii-^ h.> could rea(di ]»y railroa<l the foot of the
hhie meimt.iiii-, tho seat f<»r tho sheepfold, h(dng an
r'xhau-tihle -he.p walk. Ih coiild there inspect his
flocks under the care of a Saxon shepherd — superin-
tend the washing and shearing of the sheep and have
the wool pro]»erly assorted.

It i- W' II kn -M. fact that one fleece contains f nr
ditl' rent .pialitii if wool, and one of the most impcir-
tant o[»eratieri- in wool growing is to properly s' pa-
rate that part of the fleece wdiich Is recpiired for tho
superfine cloth.

In Jhigland, sheep are raised priiu:ipally to produce
good fat iiuittou. It i ■! a W(d] known fact that good
fat mu''-n iiid Jii.e .^^■rino wool cannot be raised

1 ; ' I o ■>

ha. k. The m.inar.ietnr'T- ef

upwn t !:e •>aiie

the fine (doth, in bn^Jaiid, iiave thendore to <l'jieMil

ujion the imperti d >:i .\a n \\ ■• 1.

d'o (ait-r iiit'i a lu 'V'- niinute (h lail of my oh>' r\;t-
tions,\vi!uld in •uml;er the columns ed' your j' 'lirnal too
Tnu(di. I will therefore close hy remarkinu: that, to
gentleneai w 1im {'•>■] an interest in w !ia* I ha\e pro-
posed, and will join me in an undcjrlaking todevtdope
a source, in agriculture, now left unproductive, I will
give any information and enter in to farther particu-
lar:: hy writiiig or [jursonal meeting.

II. SuUliART.

Jkthd, J'yrlcs CO., Pn., July, b"<o2.

Comi)nrnti\e Hearing (t":'^'^'<'" of OM ,,,Mi V-MHig

Cir.'ijK- \ incK.
M i;. I JUTOR : — I have made numerous observations
on the old and new grape vine, and am perfectly satisfi-
ed, in my own mind, that a vine of five or six years
old, having a proportionate thickness, will not hear
as fine and richly flavored grapes, as one of two or
three years growth. By close examination it will be

^2-^L-u,>iZjmA^..-

ma tAx'^'As^

takSr^^4iK.%^iai«-.ij'~^*i *. "2,-

TIGHT BINDING TEXT GUT OFF

K j-'^^J

150

COMMnVlCATIONS.

r\rf;,

I

fail, and lower grapns in tli" I-uik-Ips an' sure indi
cations that tho old vino has faih^d to supply suffi-
cient vital forco, to form a ^rnpc ii 'in r\(i y . mhi yo.
I do not wish to say, that none l.nl in tic nIm'' cf a
few years only; inasmuch a< faihirrs will Itc lound
thorc : hut caroful attontiou will sonii disrloso tln^

fact, that h" who rcnstaiitly raises nrw vin.'s irom |,„ii,..ii_ (,, ,..^i| ^],„ ..iftrntion cf tiu- iarm t^ of thi^
th.' suriaco, will have liirivinL!; viii.-s, spl.Midid grapes | ^tato to wlnit I (•nn.-..iv«' to he a practi.-aM.. :ui,| „,

\\ ill ii(»t some ono of our corrospondonts favrr
with th- ir observations on this subject?

Plan tor a I'arm S< liool.

V.\<^T 1>[M1M <)i;|i. ( 'lit- t.T (N... .Iiilv 22 18.V>

Mk. Mimtok: — I will ask lfa\.' thriMi-li your nop.

<-0n

and i'.'W failures, whilst tlu' pnxhi.'t of the »dd vinos | oniieal mode of foundin;^^ an A^rrimltural S, ], J"
will h(> ])uny, and the failures frequent | namely -l.y tlie subscription of indivi lual

1 shall be happv to have a corroboration or denial

of this, bv tliose who-^e praeti«'al oliservations and
experiments ar<' more extensive than my own.

K. K. IUavkii.
Centre J'"inf, }fo)if;/o)iirrt/ Co., rn.Juhj'l.

Uur correspondent will bcarceiy lind his observa-
tions sustained by those of others who have written
upon the vine. TToare in his " Practical Treatise on
tin- <'«rapi' ^'in('" diil-'rs with him entirrly. From a
series of extensive and careful ob-.-rvations h'' pre-
sents the following as a '* Scale of the greatest quan-
tity of grapes, which any vino can perfe«M]y mature ,
in proportion to the circumtcrenoe uf lis stem, meas-
ured iust a])r»vo the rrround :

Cir.

lbs.

('ir.

lbs.

0 inches

f)

7 itedies

lo

3 J do

10

7i do

;")()

4 do

IT)

8 do

;>.)

4i do

i:u

8.] do

GO

5 do

25

9 do

G5

5} do

;;»i

9] do

70

6 do

35

10 do

i ■ )

6^ do

40

i'l tho
ibrm of stock, A farm of a suflici.-iit luimhi.r of

acr<\s could be purchaseil, in a central an 1 rasilvac-
cessible part of Pennsylvatiia, fur liftc* n ip twfntT
tiiousand dollars. Tlie huuse npMii it, if n .t though:
to be hirp;e eiiou;:;!!, C(»uld be addc(l f.r iiv^' thousand
mure, or probai>ly much less. The )>arn ami other
out-briiblln^S it is jMsd)a])le, would be buui cupaciwM
and numei-Dus rnou;j;h without any ail'litional outlay-
A capital of" twcnty-tive thousand <l"!lar> seems to be
ample lor this pwrliun of the M-hcnic. The next
point is as to the amount •,{" money necessary to pay
the salary of a principal, wiio should be a good prac-
tical farmer, aiel twr» or more instructors in the usuii
branches of an Mn;i;ri>h educatinn, tuid such 4''part*
m<*nts of literature and science as it may k^' decided
,-hould be tauL^ht. It is not ea^y to j:;ive a sum n^
ces>arv lbr this piirj><)>e, as ir is tu be •-u imposed the
btde^ol and the farm will do a ;j:ou(1 d^'al more than
pav the expenses, 80 as to render it unnecessary to
raise a sum much beymid the price of tli*'' firm, and
the unavoidalile incidtuital expenses at the tir>t.

But if another twenty-five thousand dwlUr? b«
thou<rht to be essential, the wii<»le investin^'iit •>«.a
then be fifty thousand dollars, to Ix' ]»iiid in smiH
sums by such liberal individuals as think tlit^ plm
will be useful, pr(.iitald(^ and icnorable te tlu nisvlv-
and their State. I do not ofVer a matured ]'l:in " ^^
agricultural iusliluLiou, as it ^^ill be clnr to every
no who reflects upon the matter, lliaL this would :?•

It will be soiui, that if 12.] in(di(\s Ite <leducted from
the circumference of the stem of any vine, the capa-
bility of it will be e<pial to the maturation cd' t(>n
pounds of grapcvs for every remaining imdi. 'JMio pro-
].ortionate (pumtity for fractional parts of an inch
may be easily calculated."

From this scale it will be seen that \ines ..f the age

preferred by our correspondont are smaller in L'irth

than any admitted by Mr. Iloare to IxM-aptible (d" .^„ir.- nnnh thou-ht, and much discussion ; but
bearing fruit, without p(>-itive ii\j'iry to the vim* it- present a suggestion whi(di I wish my ftdlow-citiien
self, d'he gra])Ovin(* randy, unless umler peculiarly \ |,, ,.xpress their «ipiniiuis up<in. In all such diado
favorable circumstances, attain-^ a greater circumfor-
ence than two inches in the third year, and here we
again quote from ^Tr. 11.:

No vine is taken cognizance of, until its stem mea-
sures three inches in girth, as, under th.at >i/.e. mucs
ought never to bo suffered to ripen any fruit, ddnsis

a rule that should be strictly adiiercd to m the nuin-

agenient of young vines, for it may safely be asserted

that for every pound weight of grapes extracted from a

vine before it has grown to that size, ten pounds will

be lost during the next five years, independently of the

very severe check which is given to its grow^th by

I

should trrant a charter for such a purpose as
very severe check which is given to its growtn i>y s»iouia grani ' ^ ^ ^^gs ^

premature bearing. But by husbanding its strength, Agricultural School. One of the first lee fe

ings forth there are cuu^idiTation-^ lull of hope.tbit
rise smilingly before the mind, and others fulW
despair that press upon and alarm the nna-inatiOD^
but with an .>pen and free imagination, all ihesei*-
sumo their proj'er jiosition. .

In the present conditi.m of our State financ^^
think it wrong to call upon the legislature, nor 0^
believe it possible to establish a plain, '"^^P""'*
working institution, if the legislature of the ^^

I

ia.V2.]

COMMi NIC MdONS.

ir.i

l,i come into the minds of legiHlators and their
stituonts, would be a mngnifioent idea of State
«.l..iir a vast Ixxiv of land, a Im^t nf professors, a

conjinunity at largo, I hope you will find mom for t!ie
following :

His (irandsiro was an iiniMirtcd Iimt^c, call.-d (Tif-
jjj„^P of expense, an I a ma— nf inipracficab]ene-s t-n. Ij,. ui-,k.|,t m 1 >tl:i\s ;u. ■(',,. P.nn^yU ania,
that would sicken the wildest visionary, \\..uld folh.w at SlOO the Colt, and I -1 a loimbor of years \va< the
^, the faithful success(^rs of the first hasty impulse, l,eHt horse on the turf. 'I'lur- are now but tv>n Imr^s
iid the farmers of the State would tui imi]. tie ir eyes
in horror, or smile with contompt at ^ncb an over-

known to bo kept for service out of thi - leip-r ( lifii.n;
on(» of wlii.li i-wwiicl l,v Mr. llichard Kirkpatrick
fhadowing monument of I'.dly aid j.rcten-mn. . r.ct.:d -u \,vv in.M.inli.dd. 1'. rry CMUiitv, and the (.tlier ]»y
out of tledr money, and suitable fur the instruction Mr. Sanund 1 1 uM.m. Sihrr Sprn - townOiip, Cum-
,^j tlirir -'!!> in the plain and unj.retending duties }„.H;iiid co. the one r.d. rred to a> bein;: exhibited
and ja-inciples (.f practn-al agriculture. | j^t the rciinsylvania State A;;ricnltur<il Fair, and to

1 w.aild re^pecthillv, gentlemen, ask your o]»inion whi( h was awarded the hi;;liest jireniium for (p)ick
.1 that .d" all who f'el an intere-^t in the progress draft. (Several td" his c(dts were at that time exhih-
(,f aMiciiltin«\ :iiid (d' tho<e who labor in it, and I ited by Mr. II u>t.ui, which were favorably noticed
puiri'est that if the i.lea given above find favor, that hy the j.ropcr ("oinmiitee. One of these was there
,^ I „lv .»f delegates from difb-rent parts of the State >'dd by Mr. Huston at Sl^OO. an. I I have learned has
coraetogeihcr and consider the whole subject. I will since f.und his way to JM.iladelphia and changed
also take tic liberty of ],roposing to the County Ag- "wn.-rs at <l!7o.) Tiie Sire of this >plendid h..rs.>,
ricuUural Societies,' that this topic be bn-ught Indbre <'lii^t'"N ^^=^'^ '^^^'■" '" WeMne-rdand camly, by a Mr.
Uicm, and that a report be mad'^ 'd' t».o oT>inioo. ,.r Dordcdorf tnau whenc h. was bpa.d.t toCnnber-

' , \ I i,',,,vv landcountv, by Mr. SaiMinl llu^ti>ii. Scnr.. tic latli-

thc nu'mhors. A. L<. l^LW i.s. .' .

or of Samuel ilu-«!"n, tic (iwner d the horse above
In a .'-nver^atien with the writer of the above, a ' ^.^.^^.^.^.^.^j ^^^^ i^^ ,_j^ nri-hbwrh i le; is considered

... ........... ^

fow day- since, we gave onr hearty a--ent to the pro- ^ |^^. ^,^,^j judges to be a most cxcdlciiL horse.

position to establish a Farm S.diool upon the princi
tdeg laid down in his communication, belli ving it to
be the only fea-sible one, whi( h has yet been present-
ed. Altliou'_di sevral communications on the subject
of a State A;^ricultural College in Pennsylvania, have

Jlof/estowii, Cumberland co.. Pa.

1;.

I1auki>i,i ko, duly '22, 1 -VJ.
Pf.vrSir: The followin;^ i^ an extract from tie*

1 • 1 ,...,•,. Tniinitrc of the !'",Kecntive Committee of tlc Peniisyb

freia time to time a}»peare<i m our columns, we ne\rr mmno 01 in i-a j

, ,. , . -11^ i. 1 r 1 T f ir I 1 vMTiin State A "•riciilt ural Soci. t v whicli nnt on tic

believed It ]>o>.-ible to establish one, or it established, \ania > lao .\^ii

to reader it of any practical utility t(» tlcsons oi'our 2<'th mst. :

farmers generally. lier; is a plan however, in: - ^V|,..reas Tic CunMltuti-n .d tied nited States

whirdi many of the objc-tions to whi.di a State Ag A;:ricuUural Society ha^ mad" pr-vi-ion for the es-

ricuhural College wouhl b(M)})en, are av(»ided.
The hit(; hour at which tlu^ article was received,

tablishmentof a P»oar<l ..f Agriculture to be appoint-
od by the respective State A;„^ri(ailtural So(deti(!S, in

11 1 1 i. r 1 i- '< f)u» rnatiner therein mentioned. Therefore,

!iiid the crowdeil state of our columns prevents us dtu. maiun 1 ui

fr„ni giving our views in a more extended h.rm at this 1 I^'solr.l, That Frederick Watts, Fs^., of ( arlis 0,

mac. Wearereoue.stedbyl)r.Klwvntosav,thatm.tM.dm II. Kwing, Fs,,., of A\ ash.ngton, a., and 11.

I • ■ 1 I • 1 f- . 0 .1 ^' . ' ^ • .• , M McCallister, Fsii., of Ihdh'foute, Ta., be and thoy

bein;r ].ro\ ided with a list of tho County Societies ^^*- '^^<'''^"*' •-''' ' i' ir r 1 d

^f *i c. . I • 11 i ,.,1 ». .r, Mndierid)V auDointed by and on behalf of the 1 cnn-

of the btate, he is unable t(» ojien a correspondence art nercov ^i\>\> :

• a ,, ^v I • . ir -n 1 11 i" .vlvania State A-ri. nltural Si^iety as meml»erH ol

with them on the sutH'-ct. lie will l.e md'-r oblm-a- >\i\'i'".i . i.n.. ^ j

tions to the Secretaries of tho various Societies
and if they will farni,>h him with tlndr address
had views upuii tho subject of the School.

the said Board of Agriculture."

KOirr. C. W.VLKFIJ.

lirronlln'j S'm /<n;/ <>/ Vrniui. State A<jr'l Soridy.

Tlie Horse riin(Ui.
Mu. Editor: As your excellent puldicatinn, the
Farm Journal, is intended as a channel to bring to
the knowdodiie of the finners such inlormatioii as
maybe u>ciul to theni, I have thought it would not
Ij'^' unacceptable to them and possibly to other id
your contributors, to knc.w something of the pedi-
gree ot the beautiful jet bhe k Horse Clifton, which
was exhibited at Ilarrisburg last fall, and which took
the premium for quick draught. As the improve-
ment of all stock is important to tho farmer and the

rarmers Troubles— The (irul) Worm.

Mr. KmioK:- ll-j>ing that your.-,clf, or some (T
your intelligent correspondent-, may be able to give
' a word 0} advice in regard to tic best manner of
, ,l,.stroyin<' tlc' largo white worm, call. d "tic grub
'worm" here, whi(h is becoming so <lestructivo to
meadows an<l corn-fields in many places, and .spe-
cially in this neighborhood, 1 am induced to a-k the
publication of an inquiry for information on that
subject in the " Farm Journal." J. W. A.

I Millwood t Westmoreland Co, Pa.

152

EDITORIAL

[\i

■'•T-^T.

T IT E FAR M J 0 T^ V^ ^ A T. .

Agents,

The Farm Journal may bo hu'l at tli*- fnlluwiu<;

places : —

W. B. ZiEUER, South 3d St., principal agent for

Philadelpliia.

Lancaster, Pa.

W. IL Si'ANGLER,

B. F. Spangler,
Geo. Bergner,

IL MiNKR.

J. I\. Siiini'CK,
II. M. Kaui.ins,
A. L. Wahuki.d,

ll;irn.--l'iii-L'. I*. I.
Pittsl.^l^^^ l';i.
(Miaiiiltf'r^liur^, Pa.
<\irrKl(', Pa.
V..rk Pa.

and of iMH.iksrllcrs <r<'neral1v

r>(>0 ACiKNTS MANTi:i>.

"Wc are desirous (tf sccuriii;:; <iii'' or inorc ('()inyM't<'nt
agents In oncvv county in Pniiisyh ania, to canvass
for the FariiL Jnxr/HiL < >nr tonus are lil. oral, and
we are assured by \vcli-inl"nu(Ml frioiels in ovory |>or
tion of the State, that competent and active ap-nts
could not fail to succeci wm. V» e uiciolnn- ihml
persons desirous of taking <i;:encios to address us
(postpaid) on the subject; iurni^hint: us ^ith satis-
factory reference, and stating in uhat particular
county they arc desirous of canvassing.

AGENTS I on Tin: .lorHwr,

A\'m. Domer, of Ah.M.na, HIair Cdunty, is our au
thorized agent for Pdalr :ind Centre Counties.

A. E. Bradv, Cumberland and i'. rry Counties.

S. Prestox, Kennet Square, lor Chester and Dcla
ware Counties.

Jonathan Dorw m^t, Lancaster County.

We wnuld again call the attention of g(>o<l canvas-
sers, to the Faiin Journal. To men cd' intelligence, ,
irood address and business habits, it offers strong in-
duccmunts. AVe could refer to several of our agents j
who have nnill/.od handsome prolits from their ef-
fnrts: and as the fnld is not yet half occupied, we
shall be glad to h.'ar from any ])ersons desirous of ^
acting in the capacity of travelling agents for us.-
Our terms are liberal.

Uiipa 1(1 SuhMi I |>f ions.

Tliere are a few bubscriptions tu liie lann Journal
(both i'lr the first and second vohin o) ^, t unpuid^!
In ailviTting to thi> fa.'f, \ve do n^t <'a'Hire to ))e C(,n-
sidered in a thiiiinu'j neMid, but >i!M);ly to remind
those ill arrears, tliat hu<h is the case; feelinj; satis,
fled they will thank u- tor tin- hint. AVc }. resume it
i> ni<t m (•' <>:iry to ininri\i ni;r rta<irrs that our ox-
penscH are not only heavy, hut niu.iL he j»ai'l in cash.
Lv(>ry dollar dur u<, therefore, is riofMbM], himI \re
liope that tho hint above given will be rcc.iv. .] ;..
the promptings of actual necessity, u!id hr r' jiiicl »,,
accordingly. Send along your dollar. <:;i)'d iViri; 1.
It will be a small amount to each one of y )U, but I'u.j
aggregate is of much importance to ud.

Charges at tlie State I'air.

A number of communicatinns from uarni friends
of the State Society ha\*' reached u<, in \\\\\r\\ tho
writers ex[)ress the liojie tliat the prices cliar^red at
Hotels and boarding leai^es, and by (>iiinll!us pro-
prietors, i*i:c., will be rea>^'inahh' ; m i-rdcr tliat those
who visit the Exhibition may not go away fllssatis-
lied. In replv to thos<' ei.inmnnications we can onlj
sav tlnit so far as wc have been enabled tu leuru, the
prices ehar^i d by our citizens will not be unreason-
able. This appears to be the clear understanding at
present, and we feel satisfed that the large majority
of the p'vTsons alluded to, are directly oppe^rd tMimy
thing like imposition wy^^n vi^^itors. ^\ e duubt
whether there is a city in t!ie I'nion wlero as ptcd
accommodations can be obtained fbr the ^ameInuney,
and for the sak(> of tlii< v. 11 cstaldi-hed repntutioi,
we hoj>e and helie\e there will be no cause fur com-
])la!nt. We will remark in addition, that cxtcnsiTe
arrangements for the comfort and convenience of
those who may att(^nd the fair ar(^ alreaily in pr-
grcRs, and that every thing will Ite done by tlu^ pro-
prietors of public houses as well as by private citi-
zens of Lancaster to make the stay of their visitors
pleasant and agreeable.

Site for the State Fair.—TIu} site for the State
Fair has at length been selected. It lies North-East
of the City Reservoir, within a slmrt distance of the
Philadelphia Turnpike, it is admirably adapted to
the purpose, being easy of access, within eonveni-
ent distance of one of the finest springs of Laiicaster
county— sufficiently elevated to command a view of
as fine a country as over blessed the eyes of man,
and just far enough from the centre of the city to
make it a pleasant walk, or a short drive hu- visitors
and citizens. Preparation for the erection of fencing,
shedding, &c., are already making, and we are as-
sured that ewry attention will bo paid to the comfort
and convenience of visitors and exhibitors, and
their stock and articles.

Fair of the \IU;;lieny ( o. Soci«'tv.

The Annual . xhihition will beheld in Allegheny
city, si«me time durin- the niuiith of September. We
do'not know the precise time. It is our purpose tube
present on the occasi-n, if possi])le. in order that ^fe
may inf .rm uur readers of what i- doing hy th'' far-
mers of tie' flourishing county of Allegheny, '^^e
OAT the Society a debt of gratitude for offering the
Farm Journal as a premium to competitor^ andshal
do everv thing in our powr to deserve the comF
ment. 'W(^ have many warm friends in A lo^'heny.
whom w.- hope to take by the hand m tluar o^^
liomes, this fall.

A llEQUEST.-WiU not the Secretaries of the diffc^
ent County Societies advise us of the time when timr
respective exhibitions will )>e held? We should 1 ^^
to be able to present the list to our readers mo
next number.

18.-)2.1

KniToKI AL,

153

I he Pieminiii liist ui i\xv .NUitt: S<»< icty.

We ira.-^t that the premium list of tlie State Agri- wl
cultural Society, wliirh \\'' pijldi>h mtirr in t!i.' pres-
ent number, ^^ill have tlie eifect of awak- nin.; .i juore
enlarged and deeper seated feeling of int> r. st on the
part (if <'»r farmers, mechanics, an 1 ins and ladies,
than has hitle-rto manifested itself. IJy a r. Cerence
te the list it \Ni!I he setu that the premium.s uilered
are very lilK-ral, embracing almost every d(>partment
of liusiness. Tliis faet sliMuld led, w<' think, fail to
attract a large numlxjr <d" competilnr'^, ami I'nnsf-
(|nent!v. an immense crowd of visitors. 'Jdie n<ite(d' nitv

designed u* pn.int.te the interestK and comfort of il! ,
uit a gratif\in;^ spectacle would the connn^ l.xhi-
bition aflbni ' ddn- .haibts and h'ars nf tlin.,. who
hav(! labored m- r perseveringly to promote? this
great object would be at once removed. The Agri-
cultural character of our State would l,e iniftrovod
in every department, and as a conseciuenee, w ;ilth
would flow in upon us more rapi<lly and ;il und nitly,
the C(.niforts of life would be increased, aiel thr hap-
py infhi.'uers ^\!dell always result fr^ni hnm^st en-
leavnr-^, Wduld ht^ ex.-ri'd up^n the wheie eomnur

Ltd (■\(Ty one. tlerrfuiN", f-.d that hi^ interr-^t^ are
'"^"Ivcd in t!i>' >uee,.^s .d' the ilxhihiil-n. and fr.d-
ing thiH, let liim put fi.rth an rtfMrt to ),r-dur.' this
^nce('->«, rither bv ••nnti-ihutin'- him-idf, <'r Mfvailin"-
Upon his frirmls wh^ li;i\». artirh's wdrtliv of fxhibi-
l!"i), to enter ;i.s e'Mnprtiti.rs fnr tlie premiums.

The follow in;: Menmrial Ir.-m tiie " I'liilad.dpliia
Society for piuaioting AginunuM' " shouia be
lowed up by others df similar (diameter fr,,n
Soci''tv in the Stat''. I:

M r\f'ry
"Illy hy a conecntrutinn
of effni-t, and urianiniity mT urtiiai, t' at tin- friends id'
Agriculture can hope to succeed in securinj: the le*^-
islative aid so long denied them. It Is gratifying to
oWrve, that publie opinionjis gradually, hut steadi-
ly and certainly .-••ttlinL'- de,wn to the eMri(dusi(.u that
SMinethin;: ^mi-t li.- dMip. f-r liM-I.Mndrv a- w.dj as f,,r
otlcr braiedirs (d" hnnian in In-trv. ddie irr'at num-

prrii:irati"n is s(ainding in every direction. Scarce Iv
;i Jav ]>asses in wli!(dt we do md hear n{ snmc supf
riur stock, lew imph ment, <degant spotdnen .d" um-
chanieal skill, or tasteful artiide (d hnus(di(d,d nninu
fuctiire In I'l'cpaiatli.n f<T the exhihitinn. This is
chceriii-', and kad-^ u> to helif\c cdnfidentlv, that tlie
display and attendance will not only gratlv e.xcfcd
that of last sea-'»n at llarri.^^burg, hut ecpial the ;:rrat
fair of tho \eu \.,rl- St .f.. S,./dety^ at ]^>ohe«ter. —
This if. We kn"W, an'ieipalinir nnndi ; hut it is only
what we have a riL:ht to expect from tie." farmers of
Penn.^ylvanin. if they are possessed of that <iegree
of State pride they should. AVe are (d a sanguine
temperament are I [>erhaps, our earnest desire to be-
hf»ld a fair disj)lay of the products of the '* Keystone
i^iate," in <>et«dM'r next, ^i\es Idrth tn the tliMuudit
that we shall Im' gratihed. Ibit ap.irt from e\erv in-
dividual consideration, why shuuld red the c .ming

••xhihition at Lanea.-ter, ec^ual that of .\,.w York, or l.-r -d" Cainiy ;ind State Agricailiural Sori-ti,- the
Miiryhmd? If any j)er-on will luriiish a sin-le sat- j imne n-e atterelariee at, and tie- inter( -i felt in a-ri-
isfactory reason, why Pennsylvania with lea' well- tullmal hiir ^ and exhihitions all attest the ^^r.^sth
tilled acres, her -kilful me, jiaiiies and ta-t.d"ul Imuse- j of this fMling aiel nen-e reemt! v Mill, the ,,r-ani/a-
wiven, should nut rival any of her sister States, in an ' tion (d' a Xatiojial A-ri(ailf oral Societ y <-om).osed of
txliildtion of her indiisndal i.roducts, we will then many of tin* most distimaii^heil men in the eountrv
think that jiossihly, uur judgnn-nt has erred. \s' v \ cannot fail to have a [lowerful (dfeet in producing the
haw all the resmirces re(|uisite, :ind we are very eer- ! desire(l results:

t. lit! that if every man and Woman in tin* C(jmmon- ' v // . 7/ ,,..,//,//, c ,/, , 7 ji it c i»

wealth felt as we do, and [as all should, we shall Sinlnlirrs of flu' I'nih d Slnf<s.

have such a display as has never yet been seen in the The memorial id" the '' i'liiLAOEMaiiA Sociktv for
United States. And pray why should ikA all possess JV'"Motino A.un ri.ii Fic." respectfully sets f.rth

this f.^olJnn. 9 T,, :4. ^ i. 1 1 1 1 0 T 'i. i. 1 1 i. J That Icfri-'^hi'tion is reuuii-ed f»i- the kcnefit <ij a"ri<iii-
niis leeiing .' Is it not laudable ? Is it not calculated . ^ , , .■ v i^ ■ ■ ^ r ir •

. , . . ture ; aid the action ot Congress m its i.eiiall is

w aavance the great interests of society, by dissemi-
nating a iMore thorough knowledge of th.ose primd-
I'les upen w.didi its eomfort and hajipini'.-^ depen*! ?
^t appears to us, that liith' argument is needed to
Convince every one, of these facts, :ind yet there are
those who, ii tliey do not positively condemn, give
^uch a lukewarm support, that the cliaracter of their
iiifluonce is difficult to (hdermine.
It such persons would but carefully estimate the

importance of proyx-rly directed indi\ i In il inlluenee.
^d permit themselves to become interested in tie
euccesss of this great enterprise in behalf of agri-
culture,—if they would but satisfy themselves ©f the
^a^'t that State Agricultural Exhibitions are not in-
dividual, but geucral in their character, and as such,

in\ited ky the sjdrit of tie- age and enterpri.-ine; (dia-
raeter of the country. t>tlier go\ernment> lia\"' \sise-
Iv, and wdth the best results, lejit their assi.-fanee to
tlie exertions of the industrious cultivators of the sral.
France has hv smdi mean> added kar^relvto her iiros-
j)eritv, and Jhdgium lias hccume known as LJie in:.st
cultivat(;d c<.»untry in Kuro[)e. The aid of government
may Ijc afforded not by preference of particular inte-
rests or promotion of the viewsof favored classes — not
by systems of jiaidial or temporary enci.uragement.
Objects that are permanent and ixtensiv(> may l)e
rea( died by the exercise of unpie-tionalde powers. —
The general government can alone obtain the ad\an-
tages which are to be derived from f»redL'^n inter-
course. Improvement is often to be sought heyond
the limits of our own country. A mutual interchange
of knowledge of the fruits of investigation, and tlio
euccesa of skill and experiment, can be rendered easy

»*

154

EDTTOUIAL.

fArGT'!»T,

onTv by communicationH authori/cMl by povornm.nt. ],. en ut work, and from almoRt ovory poction ot

One authentic centre is desired, toward win. h all m- State,complaints of injuriesfroni some cause road
formation may be directed, and from win. h it may be ,j,|^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^i,irl. Is ivmarkahly tii;.', has

•^'"attention of Congress ims boon oalU-.l to the secunJ n> ,.o,l onl.r. \V1,,1,. ,1„. .,rn ,romi,

1-i.:...,.. r..r^r^, Uw> !• Y r M • 1 1 f I V( ' t P *,, , YQ f , »1 lonrx'fin f V 1 ol (1 - 1 OtatoCS look WclL iind

tho
huH.

"• ' "rn promises a
most observant yield. Potatoes look well, and

im-

diffused. n i * u ^

The attention of Congress has been called to the

subject by recommendations from \hr Kx.Mutive in ... ,

favor of a Bureau of Aj^ricultun-. A rt»n\i'ulion as- i ,u,.,(^,. qiiantitirs bnve been planted, but we do dm
sembled at the seat of o;overnment, in no ^^'^P^-;:^ I ^i,-,,^^, {,,,,„ uvr<rui informntirm that the yield will
^t %^ t^S^^^lr':ZX::^ll/^ 1 V,e W,e. T„o dry wo.W,. ,. „„. ,„.t few week,
riculture as in th.-ir windoin tlx-y may sr.in lit. [ \ has aflocted them very mm-h.

joSKPlIlMXdERSOLL,
ISAAC MAVroX,
AUJN. S. IIOUKIITS,
A. T.. KIAVVN,
AAllUN CLKMENT,

Your niemoriulists: r(i.rrsiMitiii<; th.'nl.h^st a;;rieul
tural assiH-iation in tli(' ciuntry, b*-;; l<':iv'' to second j ^^^^ Aovkrtiffrs.— The attention of tlio rcii^or j.
these ap|M-als and to rxprrss tl.. hopr t^hat < <;|;^'^.^ i ^^ ^ ^,^^^ advertising departmont wh-re soim-
m'lv intcri)ose eth'ctuallv m b.'ha!! ot this (rr( at in un .ll« * -,.../ n at aui ,

terest Mreadv tlie hai.it is lix.d of eolh-etin^ and thinj^ ^vill 1)0 found to interest all. Mes.r.. ^^h..\,r,
ditrusin<^ iiifonnation in tlu-ory and practice thr..u«;h , ;^i,.pj,.]^ ,^ Co, of Al])any, offer their exc"l!.nt Horse
til.' Tatrnt OIVk-". This has be.'ii done throu<;h a , ^,^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ implements. AVIum-Ipf's Horse

succession of Administrations Amonj; t'';; ^^^^ IIL;*' ^ j p .^^^ manufactured and for sale also by St...vor

discu-^ed in tho reports .Mnanatm- from that otln e, 1 o%^»r- .u

mme liave ./iven d/vper interest or vvider circulatnm & Co., of llarr.sm^^^

to the numerous t-opirs piiblislMMl undrr the auspices I K^^ory ctCo.,of Albany, presenttheirhstofpricosfor

of Con;i;ress than those wiiicli concern the cultivation •j^^^i^j^^.j^ts manufactured by them. For a full des-

of the soil. , .^ ,i,^,^,J crintion of their Horse Power the reader is rtf-rred

Your memorialists, in msIoul^ that a specific shape diption (I ^ ^ ^ comDanled our last number

may be given to the encouragement ..esto^^ca uy , to tne.r cur.na ..compamta our ia.inumur.

the general govcMumcnt, mcrrlv propose that an jyi^.^.^s. Lee, Pierce Sc Lee, of Ercldonn. rhost.r
autliority already exercised, may be i>'<\'Y »^'T'' j county, are in the field with Mo..r('s brill. ■[
avaihible— that it may take a cours.- that will ;'^';" .^^ ^^^.^j^^ of which we have on several .n ration.
aU respects, more systematic and satisfactory to , ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ .^^^ ^^^ .^

country. , , r r • .,,i

Enactments by Congress ior ih.' bm dii ol a-ru ui- •^. {-..^.^^r.

ture are familiarly known, an<l haNc been wit lou . • ,^^^^^ ^^,^,,1 to Custa^'s Jmpraved Drill

st;r;;:::,.•";,^.'■:;^,,::;^;; >!:;;;. ;;".-,„,; :,„,„ ... ,........, ...... „,,....,i., .;,..

in the day now to pau>c, mcr.ly l-ccause ol a sup- , ^^^j^^,^^^ j^ j, adapted not only to the sowinc^nf ....
posed doubt as to the authority for passin;:^them.— ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^.^ compost, etc. Mr. C. has uiL :
br^i^" ''the 'v:i;l;nX":- 'l- V:"^'^ \ s.„„eothor i,u,n.v.u.n.s, i.r wluoh ho is no. .a^
*"tho Xtn df At;ri,ul.,n.a Statistics utul fur ^ .measures to secure . patent.
Other asrieulturiil i.Mr|«.s.'8." , Shrirn- ((■ .V.'/..'(/i, Commission an.l 1 r.,Ju>;e

AgriouUure is .1,. ,.ivat ;-l;|;:{;;;'^;;^,,;; ,,;;;;;;,rit Merchants, ?A S. Water, are ffnA and reliaUe nio.
? \e Uie^'^^.elit'iJsim.'ss • oV'ot' ooiiritt The I .,., we have reason to know, .viU raithfiiUy attend
first Presi'i,'nt eomn.en.l.Ml it as sueh to the earo . ^^^ .^j, ,^uginp(,s matters entrusted to them,
of' Coii-n.ss. Altliuu-h it may not now be sa'« j r^-i^..^ ;„ ,,,^„t „f Rood Shanghai chiekens will fin.

^n,!:;:,;:":;' n::^;;:;.'^ '';;" ll;: >" .^ ^" ' them at .U MarUet ... where they are .r .10 .,

'■■ ■! l.raiuh of iiidustrv wliieh employs u.,.re than . i y, ^Vhitney.

half our p.-pulotiou. and to a gnnit e.xtent, sustains ^,,^^^^^^^.^,^. j,,..„ ;, ^i,„ „fr,,r,.d to the puhlic wth i

*''« °*-^'"-" . „ „ u „ l.nJ valuable improvements. Although one ol tli^ 6r..

Your Memorialists respectfiillv pray that a law , vaiu.ujn i uv,,, ..'ways imnna*

mavbe pt^edfor the establishment of a separate ' ,ihUs of American n;venti..n it has a.Y^ ,

15urea°to be intrusted with the duty nf prom. .tin- ^,j ,, deservedly hitrli reputation and .3 certamj
the aKricultural interests of th.- country. ^^^^^^ excellent implimciit.

To ConttKsroN.,ENTS.-The length of the IW..:.
,;,.t of the State Society, which we were very ^^
AAKUN CLKMK^T. of presenting to our readers a^ ^tL^; 'Jpyfro.

i'-- ^^^''^""a!: ;,':U':nt lomuuinications, which .shall app-ar --

The Harvest and Croi-s.-TIio weatherdurin- liar- j ^oxt.
vest (in our vicinity at least) was all th- farmers could
have desired. The wheat and rye, generally speaking,
was secured in fine condition. We are load to fear
that the wheat crop of Pennsylvania will not bo more

ERUORS.-In consequence of our unav-

/ulable »^

sence

>RS.— in consequuu.^ ^^ ^-^ ^^^

from home at the time when our fir-

went to press, a number of annoying typopaP ^

errors ere

than halt me usuiii jiciv^. xx. oww.v. — - ^ ^^^^innV

,il has perpetrated its savages, in others the fly has overlook.

that the wheat crop of PennsylvaniawiU not Demore , ^^-^^—^^,^ ^hieh we hope our reader**^
than half the usual yield. In some B-'ion^ the wee- 1 orro -^^^^^

icrrj

P.OOIC \OTfrRS.

■5?;

155

■ WW «■■«?-«•*

13ooI\ ?Caticc!.K

T/w r^ip'^r TliiKjrr^s Compam'nn, >i pr.irfiriJ Trrnfisr
on l*<i]}*"r Jliuii/int/, in ir/nr/i ihc priul on! (>i>' nition.i
of tfoi Trade are Si/sti ninHiiilh/ l,ii<l Ji'im, d-r. —
}iij James Arrowsin It h. Phil<i<l,lj,hi,i: //.<'. liaird.

This is a neat volume upon u subject gen. Tall v too
little ini'l'i'^tu. Ill hy tlin-i' who pursin' it a^^ an occu-
pation in till- C'liinti-y. The author, who writes from
a practical r\|MTii!ic(' of fifty years, clearly explains
the reipiisites of each department of work, and en-
deavors to convince those who have paper han;!;inij; to
do, tliat it is :in operation consistin;.'; in somethin;^
111 ir.' than merely stickin;:; paper on tlie walls, and
t!:;iT it i- true rcoiioniy always to have it done in a
pyst'inatic and \vorknianlike m;inner. Kvery paj)er
hanger shtjuld have it.

^^'■'^J' bl/K l; \i, IMi'LIMiAT V\ AKIIh.l SK.
A'o. G5, ChrsHHt stmt, I*/iihiihij,/iia.

Tm: «ut,H,.ril)rr()rrer«f..r inle. Hny. y*tr:nv iin.l Comntalk Cnt-

l''<>, ( ..,M,t;,lk ruUr,n an.l (Jri.i.Irri; Cnn. (',,|, Cn.h.rH nn,|
i»rin.leiH; (,.,rM Sl,.-ll.-,i, ami .SVp.uatorH ; Ko,.t Cutl.rg ,.r tin-

Tic r< iiiisrJ raxin Sc/ionl Journal. — We we]coin(>
to I iir taltl'' rlc duly no, of the School .Journal, a [»u))-
licaliwn devoted ttj the interests of education, and
ably edited by Thomas IT. Tiurrwwc ;, vrhosc zeal in
tlie cau^ehe has undertaken is w< 11 known to the cit-
izens of INiiiia. Mach number contains

Ordrr.H r.'c ivrd fur nuy mui .-v-Tv ApruMiItur;.! Irnplmi.-nl imw
"1 uso, whi.-h will be furm.hed at iii.ni.Ka.turrt 'h pri.TH

!). i.AMiin/rtr,

No. fif), Clirnimt Nt , riiil;t

rUKSir (lAKDKN SKi;i»,^.

PHAS, n.-ruiB. C.iM.Hg.., (:,H-,irnl,.r«. C-Utv. KailiMh, F-.ttur,.,
M'-rtB I araiini, <"jirrul, Ac. (.n.wii nui\ wMrrMntt-d (r. M, ;.m.I ^,.|,.

""!•'■' ''y ,. , ... i> F,A.M)in:'ni,

A^'rirMiItiirnlnn.I Unrticulttirul Im;i!c.n.nt :.Mrl S.ii \V:,r.hn,.N,.,
h5 (.hesimt street, I'hilu. !A.i^;..Ml, l^.VJ

('HOICK sii.\X(iiiAi: r(>\vL.<.

Tin: Hiit.gcriI.er iiffi'iH fnr BnU- a ffV/jiairB of < t,.,ir-« ynmur
Shaiighae fowls, Hirt-d hytli.- rfleluatrd cork ■•WoHlim^'ton," ,i(,w
ewiifd l,y l)r M'Idtoch. and r.-i>iifrd ti^t.-- t Ik- |„m (,,wl in r.-iui-
•ylvaiiKi. Als ) u U-w paim of Wlulc Sh.iiii;liars

I'. Ff WHITNJ.V,

Aumist, i8:,2)

No. 311, .Markrt Kt , I'Su'-t.

niiiLLs: jijiiLL.^: : hKibbs : : ♦

I WF: ar.- now irKMmri<'tiiriiiir tli.' F, A K( . FIS'I' .in. I IJJ'.M' As.
thirtv-tWo ! ^'>H'nti:M'()FSi;i;!)l'|,A.NTi;i{.s>ver(.f|.r.il loth- iiuldic:

[1 ,. ,

r II •**. 11 i.1 • . 1 . I '"■^'•■'■:»1 varutirB of wliicli \v<' have ruiiBtaiitlv on hand 'I'ln ■»• mi-

pageant wojl written and eh-^ntly printed inatter, ^.r.Ht,..l ... r..,>.H,uiiy nuauUo .a,;. .x;MnuH' li lu.Bh

selVfH ol tlit'ir iii'-ritB.

\N't; liave so iiuj)foved and simplified our Drill, as to enable ui to

and the whole is furnished at !?1 per annum. .\< tli
Farm Journal i.s tlie onlv pul.llcati'in in l''iiii"-vlva-
nia devoted exclusively to AL:;riculturo. sm the S(diool
Journal istiie only one ex(dusiv»!ly devoted tothe cause
of FMucation. W(i ;ir(^ pleased to learn that Mr. U.
has alreuily r(H'cived in(»st lib"ral encoura;^emeiit ,
vliirli We trust will be larj^ely increased.

■ell it at the foljuwiiijf \ educed ralrg :

On.' with seven tuhea and wooden Seed Roller, quantity

rfgulat*'<1 l>y Sf-rf-wfl, i^Qf) f)0

For each additional Tnlje, ' 7 ,'j()

Scvrn T'llifd do , iron .Seed Rollers, rrp;nlrit»Ml witli Brr^wB K^ 00
F'.ach ailditiorial Tnix', jq ^^

Seven Tubed d(),Sii)Kle Hopper, ami Patent IronSf-ed I?o11»tb,
whi<!i. Ity tilt; rn ivftiifiit of a Kinplc Bcr»-w, ih rrgulatMl

to set'd a;iy df-Bircd quantit;. jx-r acre, 8.'i (M)

F'arh additional 'F'niic, Ki (M)

Fn addition to tii»' loreiToiii;,', w- ao- hmldinij a Inrj^o nimd.er of
Slide L)rill». wliicli have ijern »i:tisf:irii,rily teKtcd. and are war-
ranted (leeidrijiy Buperior to aiiv other Slide F)ri!:!«i III the market,
partieniarly in tlie even distrilaitioii oi the drain upon ron^h and
and hiil\ l'Iouih!; alHo m the i.ici.ity and ir.Kioii hy wlmliitis
re^'iilated to How any desired (piantily per aire, aa well uhiii the
liUlitneBB of draft, and i^enrral Himplieiiv and duraluiily.
I-or one of these .MaelnncH with Beveii Tuhes, S<.«) fK)

'• each additioinl tiihf, 5 00

The ahove MaeliineB are Warranted not to Tut, Tlrf^alf. or Waste
Grain ; to l>e made of the best rnaterialB, in a snliBtanlial and work-
niaiiy exeellcnci(!8 it is difficult to dcf^ide hetweeil 1 '"'^"'''*<-' f"""*^*=''" "'"' ^' i'"t''« work more perlectly than any other.

They are Hr)t lialile to choke with white capB or Btraw. and uro

Grahniii d' ''/'"A // f"r Auixust, areliotlion our talde,
presentiiiL,^ their u-ua! iioat and attrai.-tive apjiearance,
and hoth filled with elujico eontrihutioiis from our
ahlost literary writers ; besides, numerous <de;^ant
plates hy our first artists. When hoth present so

th'ir merits. W.3 ther(>f tre recommend ];oth to the
attention of thojjc who desire publicatiund of huch a

character.

suited to rough and hilly, as well afl Rrnooth and level land.

Owing to the peculiar form of our depoaitinp tnbeg, they run
easier and free themR»'l veg from filth better than any others —
These Tubes are supplied with Fleversible Steel Points, either end
of which can be extended as they become worn. The siniultane-
oiis throwing into and out <if operation of theSeed dislnlnitiiig and
de[)o8iting fipparatiis, uhndi we havo patented renders onr ma-
chine capable of being managed with much more e.iM u,.! r» rt.uii-
ty, particularly in seeding point and other irre^Milar ii.i, Iw, IImh any
other Seed Planter

We also rnaiiui'actiire IIorBe-Powers anii Thresherg. Clover

Harper's Mmjazine for .Tune and -Tuly is — not on
our table. AVhy, wo cannot fll. Have you cut us,
friend ITarper ? If s.», we arc sorry f)r it, fir we

nlu-«iT-a r.o*- 1 T I i 1 Hullers. with and witlKHit l''aiis, fforse-Itakes. Corn-.SheilerH. kr

iuua}S esteemed your Journal a most pleasant one, AI«o, Steam l-.ngmes and Mill W.-rk.Serew Ciittingdone to order;

=^nd one with which we generally spent the few hours | ^^:r;Z;;;:;.7;;:4H '""'"""' "' '"^ 'V^^'^m! PFiNM^uK:' "'

we could spare from our business. AVe liorrowe.l i Kennet Sijuare, Chester county, Pa.

iL . . . P S —Paaehall Morris <fc Co., West Chester, are Agents for any

lut two missing iSos., hoping tiiey would eventually Machinery webmid.
reach U3. " July 1, iSj2— 3m.

K. HIJ|ST»

niacK-wood's K'liuhur,, M.Hjazine.— nxQ reprint (d| NURSERYMAN Sl SEED GROWER,
this old favorite for dulv commences the thirtv-fifth

1 • •

volume. Its contents arc as usual vigorous and re-
freshing. Price .?3. Blackwood and any of the fair
Reviews So— or the whole of the four Reviews and
AJlackwood $10. Leonard Scott & Co. publishers,
^ew York.

Ir AS alwa v*i on hand at h is Reed S'ore. f^, Ctiesniit
1_ Street, F'hiladel jhia, a large stock of Seeds of hid own
urowth, a vert/ ivif (>ilri)itit>>m to purchasers, A» he is a practical grow-
I r,and has been engaged m Iub profegsictn over 30 years. IIih nnr«e-
ry ground is amply stocked with Friiit,Shade and Ornamental Trecp,
accurately named and properly cultivated. Every article 8«dd at
the lowest rates, and warranted to he as represented.

Seed Store, 97 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia. Nurseriei and Seed
Farm, Darby Ruad, two iiii'ei below Gray'i Ferry.

Juue 1, 1851. R. B UIST.

156

ADVKRTISEMENTS.

farmers: LOUli TO VUS 11 INTEREST!

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Tliirf Mtichinc was Patontoa July 2. IS^O, and has
received the highest pn-niium at all tli-' K\]iiM<i<»ns
wherr it has ever been contested: iu'-ludin;; New
Castle County, l)(daware, An;riciiltural Soi^icty, Octo-
ber 9th 1850; Phihxdelphia ainl DchiNvare County
A»?rieultural Society, October I7th, 1850; Maryhind
State Agricultural Society, October 23d, 1850, and
October 24th, 1851, and Michigan State Agricultural
Society, September 25th, 1851.

TUB ABOVE DRILL is not liable to get out .-1
repair, is exceedsidy simple in its construction, will
sow point rows in all irregular shaped tields, and pns-
sessess superior advantages to all others in the ease
and quickness witli which it can 1)e regulated t- s.>w
anv desired quantity of Orain j.cr Acre. wliil<' the
draft upon the liorses is twmty-iiv*' per cent, lighter,
and consequently with tiic saiuf lal)»»r, ran seed one-
fomth more gr imd per .lay than with most other
niarhines lu.w in us-. The' objection so eommon to
Drilling Machines odHMM^ming Chokfd if the seed is
n(>t perlec.tly cleaned, is entirely ob\ iated in the Sini-
ple and P.vuliar construction of this Drill, as white

MYERS' Oil 1 : MIC A l7 A N 1 M A L MANLRE.

That of offering to the puhiic ji Manure which comprises n.
thnt could be wished— its ch.-api.rss and MuprisinK- eft.cls m pro
ducmg hirger crops in any kind ^a noil— is liistiiig and enduring

^ The subscriber offers this Manure to the public with a full If nowl-
edge of Its powerful effects npon ground where used 1 his Ma-
nure must take its precedence above all others ; its adaption t.. all
kinds of goil, and cverv pattide nf f.-rtili/unr propt-rties being ,
preserved in the mode of umnul;utnr.- r-ndrr it ^'V;"'T-, f^MrP
than any other inanareused for a 1 k.u.ls of cropK l'« '• !;';^« '^"-e
wonderful A supply always on b:.ud. W.M. -Yy-V; '

Seventh Street near (jcrinaniMwii Iload, K.nsingtou, 1 hila.

READ THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATES, „ ,.,,

Germantown, October 8, ibal.
To Mr Wm. Myers-Sir-Having tried your Chemico-Animal
Manure upon ^ota^ ground, this season, I fuid it produce thml
more and larger potatoes than the best horse "'^^''"^^^^'j"^ j^'^^^ox
ground. ^

The following additional certifi~e Ju«t received, speak, for itself .

Woodbury, N. J., If>th mo. 20th, 18ol.
I have used upward of 1000 bushels of Wm. Myers' Animal
Manure, on corn, potatoes, turnips, melons, and some other crops
dAirine the present season, and am satisfied that it is an economical
and powerful manure, for turnips, radishes, and other root crops-
my experience has shown it to be especially v^'^"^^^'^'^ Geiscom.

Spring Field Farm, Cecil County, Md.
Mr . Wm. Myer»-Dear Sir— I manured with yonr Chemico-Aiu -

7i

caps and short straw will not interfere m me iciist
with tiie regular distribution ot the seed. It is war-
ranted to distribute the seed evenly; to sow any
(piantity per acre commonly sown broadcast: to n(»t

cut or break the grains; to*^be well made wiih ;: i

materials and durable with proper care.

Having sold {\bout 400 of the above Drills the past
season, all of which met with the unqualified appro-
bation of the purcliasers; and after careful and tho^
uugh experiments, whieh have resulted in Still Oreat-
or Improvements, wc now feel warranted in >ayiiig
tliat Moore's Patent Seed and Grain banter iin])n.v-
ed, is superior to any other machine for the purpose,

now in the market. i -r r u

Having made arrangements to furnish 1000 of the

above 3lachines for sale the coming Season, we shall

1)0 prepared, at all times, to supply orders without

delay.

JB:^;f"All ord«TS addressed to the undersigned ^^•ill

warrant ]>ronipt attention.

[.KE, IM-dUCE .^ LKE.
Augush 1>5:I.] EnJldoun P. P., Chester Co^U

mal Manure about r^« acres of the poorest land on my farm, and pnj
half m Oats, ;uul l! e balance in Cm Allh..iigh it was got -n
cjnite late, and the Season very unfavorable for '^l^ ^'.''I'.'Z^.Z
erallv, vet notwithstanding, 1 can say tlial it is decidedly the l^.«
O.rn i ever raised, although I have farmed for '^^.Tule o dtis
had good Corn land,and Manured well, as I th<»ueht,in the o dv^^
While my neighbor.' Corn was quite yellow ancf leaves cur erf uP
with the drought, mine was green and growing rapidly , thtrelore,
Tconsuler it one'of the most valuable manures ever u.e, a d
shall take pleasure in recommending it to "^Y "eighborsand .U^er..

Yours respectfully,

SIDLE'SHUB, AUGUR AND BOX KECULATOR.

THK subscriber residing in DiUsburg. York ^<''^''^y^y';;';\'lX
n.a, has invented a new and improved Augur f(.r the b<mugoniMs
and setting the boxes of wagon,carriage and other vehicle wnc
for which 1 have obtained letiers patent. . ,u, ^..nv- timcor

The Augur will bore both ends of the hub a the y^^^'l^,^
either separately-and is the most useful and ""P"iy'''^, J^ e,.
of the age for inserting wagon b.>xes and the only M'^^^^ ' ^^ f ,,.

istence by which they can be inserted ^'^^''^'y/^ '^--" IVuis me-
fectly simple in its construction, and <^^;«tructed J'U «u^h j «t

ehan.cal principles, that it cannot P''««''>'yff,;;"Vf/Sw minute!

With this Augur a set of boxes can be inserted ma few mi
-where under the old system it requires hours to perform ui

'7:rs3w!shingt< 'purchase Territory or Shop right, will pleJJ
'^"•"";e'^sa;.;c•flbcr^vho will sell ou terms that u.ll enabM^e

address th

purchaser to make money.
DiUsburg, April, 1S52— tf

HENRY SlDbE-

1852.1

A!»\ f:KTI<i;.MK\TS

> <

COILNELL'S J.Mn;<»\ I h SELF UEUl L vn \(}

iloli.sj; \>i>\\ 111,

On the endless cliain phui, f.r which jotters patent
were oldained in Eehni.iry, 1^52, is ii<»w (.thM-ed to
the pid>lic with the assurances that it will be fiaind
to possess atlvautag«'s over all (.thcrs now in use. It
will operate at a i.f.ss ckadk, will give morr 2}owrr at
the SAME (iiiADK, and irifh If.s.s- la/jor fo thr h(n\sc than
any other. Tlie oiuj.anitively small eh.vjitinu at
which this power <>j.oi;it,..s otrh-l.-nflv, ro|i,.v,..s tliat
ruinoii'^ amonnt and kin.l d ! ih,,,' vJiu ii other |m)\v-
(■rs geiH r:tlly ini poso U|m.ii I|m,-,,.>, and it is boli-vo.)
tli:it its aihaiitages in tlii> iiiiiMM-f.iiir ro^prrt a|,,,,,.
iCit possesse,! ih. .^thor. imi.^t -iw it <!iir;u-tor. ;,,i,i
brill- it iiitu \oi-y gruoral n^e. I^jt tliis ivMilt iv
furthor promoted by a most happy eomhinat ion ,,1'
forces whieh gixcs to it an exeoodingly light and oa.y
motion. 'I'lio platlonii drums are largo, ^aiei iho ar-
rari-iMuont (.Itlio whole drivini: appai-atus up,,, (■,.;,..
tion rollors re(lu(Ts tiie friction ot the maohin,. t,,
such a .-light amount that an ahiKv^t inappn , ial,!,-
fraction of tie- p..urr exerted hy tlie lioj-v,. will',,,ii
the whole in motion. 1 1 is theivjoiv |„.,ii!iaily adap-
ted for 'lri\iiig li-li! maehlnoi-y. \\\u-\->' an cxee'ss'of
speed Would endaiiu^er t lio niaoiiinorv dilv: n ; and vet
thesoliditv aiol vfr,,o.fl. ,,f 1 1,.. p„^Ver are smdi that
itise.|ually uoH adapted to t he .jrivin- , .f 1 1,^ heavi-
er f kind-' o| niacliiiniv.

ihi! It ]Mi.-..^...r-: ntior ad\anta-es — tic I'ower i^
imd-r the control of a(jl(n Kit.N(»K oii Ski.i Kij.li.atoh.
As Horse Towers are generallv eunstrnded, no evi-
dent means are provided for regulating the speed, or
guarding against accidents arising '^ from undue
velocity. A portion of the ma(diinery <lriven, or
of til- iVouvr it^df, may b.' thrown otit of -.ai-.'^md
iroiii tins can->e or >oine other, a .Lif atlv imToa^.d
veloeity mav l.o-iven to liie roniainim: pai-t> of tho

To Tin; r\l;\ll !;v n| ld,\\.sT7^ \Tl \
1'koimcf: tt CoMMissniN Mjkchants,

Hesp.Ttfully inform Karmrr., Milhra and MO„.r« ti.!.. o
l»r..nar..d tu..tte4.d toall U.nu.-L entr. .t Tt ,' r Var ' wnl^' V'
:>atH, and prompt,,, s., and w.tl.au rye to the i ite est . V.?^. "'
nay patronize them. •nierol o( those who

vrAJ'V '^*'/""*"'^7V.- '"''b- o. ram-C. valve rhamber*-D.
valve- I-.co..plin.M..r.b.hv.TM.M--H.enupl,ng for driving pipe.

.1. M. ( iii( !ij:sti:i{,

No.23so(:'rn Ki<,iii.isrRi;i:T,riiii.A;.i.ia'iiiA.

A*, \r twr M.rkml.ii.fs I»,.t.-nt Improv- I ll^.lraua.- It,,,..
F'.rr- 1 map,, MrectMopB, Kirr I'|„es. and Ih ,lruulic M.H,,,;. , v
in irt iieral.

., , ''''"' «^'periority of th.-s- Ra.MS ov.-r all ..thers is the Rr.-at

nmennery, and an increase of speed dangerous to "!;;M;u;;e,rit7d^^^^^^^^^^^^

the nihs (d the P,,rs;o \11 „ I rn- u- /'./"V''''' ^''V*"f*''"''ly^>f t'"-'". '»" WtMl aH tl..: Hrn.ill amount

uiL umn.s ol tl. I.ois. All mk h dlllKMllties are; ';< -'V-J'^'"" '"•'"' ^••l'^"^«^^'»^>- r'-T'-re-mmy rum.inK at present f..r

entirelvo}.v...o..l l,.- ., .: ■ .v • .• .. , -l and ..y.-arH, without any re,.., r. At the presn.t tun. iher. :.r'

M he l.uted States, Cuba, Mexico anri South Am.-nca, al.nnt
•Ji.oo in surff'ssfni operation. '

'I'm; tou'ii <»r \aples Ml the .State of .\.-;v York is supplied with
w,t. r l.y oneof these HuinB, thr..wiiig iid.OlKi jr,.ii,,„„ ./,,ay Alany
'"'f-' '-ol! d 1,1- m'-iifi. n. •! if spafc wnld p.-nnit.

JV r.sons wishinjr \{:uuh h,i,i to tliein l.y uieaguriiif,' tf.e am..u,,f ..f
\\-at» r thnr l,rook or si,,,!,- aHonlH, per iniiuite. tlie hea^l an I tail
th.'v can prM,Mire. the elrvafi..n t. In- . ,vrr.. ..-ri-. aii.l .listanr-e to l,e
eoiiveve.l, ran \m\v the pr.pcr Kani and I'ipc sent them, with -li-

entjrely obviate.! j.y a (ioN-rn-r aTi.l rricti(.n Ib'ake
which regulate aad control all inidn ■ \el,,eitv of the
Power. Corneirs J»ower tlm. .■,,n>iruct( d, re-ailaled
'""' '•"iitrollod. i-, .^in-nlar!v eiipal.le of th(> Tii-diesf
execution v.l.irli .ndi machinery ran attain,' and
^^'!h >aioty. U is adapte<l to one ,.r more horses, as
iiiav he desired.

Ian

\],l 1 , , , i-"i,vc\c,i, can i;a\f uie pr .1;

'Mtiiou-ii i.nt very recentiv produce.], a large r<-«-tionH t r p.itf.i,- n;,.

"her of the I'owers have b^.n^sidd in :i cr.mmnniTv ' t ''''"' •'■^;'"">^'M" «'. ..st r.,K,

u|,;,.|. ♦! !• Av, 1.. ,, ' . " "^'\'"^^ ' Letters pnst-i.ai. I. Will mr.-t.

m^vlMe|, those ,.f AVheider, Kmery A: Co., and others
i'a\e IjLcn in u.se.

First Pmnitini ni Phibvl Jph In Cnunf,/ Kj-lnhiUnn.

.At the Kxhibition -d" tlie I'hiln.lehd.ia Connty A'^-
ncukural Society, hehl at tin' KiHi^' Sun, October,
J^^ol, the highest premium was awanh.'d to Cornell's
i ower, although in comiictition with that of Emery
« Jo., and others.

The j.owr exhibited above was new. and mnd

s !» Sin r'.T than a \v.-:l .■iii.l p'lin,) -
pMSt-pai.l.will mr.-t w.tli pr-nipf alt' nO'ii Wlim ,|, sir,-,j
.HI exp.ri.-nce.l p.r.'.on will !,-• Hent f.. pnl liinn at a small a.l.lition
a! exp.-nse. Lea,] andiron I'lpe lor hale, 'fnesc Ka n,s ao' war"
ranted in every reajtect j ^^j ]-;,o-

FnriT .\M»oij\ AMi:\T.\bTi:i;i:^ loi: s.\ij:.

m.mu I'earh Tr-.s of om- ami two veary LTowtli, from the hud '
40.(K)(i Apples; .V(M<n Cherries ; .VOOO Dwarf IVars, each coiit.ou-
111^ all the most e-teemed varieties, and of j/irife size. Alt*.
Ciuiiices, I'inms, .N'eet. ir ims, Aprimti, Almonds. (Jrapes. Kaspher-
ries, Ooosel, 'Tries. Cnrr ant.s. Mrawderries, Ac, Ae. .00. (WK) Sdver

.. .,.,, ,,, „ ,1,,,, ,,,,,,,- ""' ,'^''''•'•■•''^''"'1 ^'-'I'l'' ^•••■'!leii;H of (.lie years jrrf.wth ; .OO.IMK) Ap-

Wlthout ref..r..n.-o to SU(d) onhlie ovlolor'o,,. 1 .,t .,1 , |'''* ^•"^•'^l','"^'" The al.ove will he sold on the most reasonahle
thoufrh wnl- * 1 : V. ' 'MillHtlon. iMit. al-terms. I'.rsons r.-siil in^j at the sunth an.l west should send their

"i^" sunjeete<l to tln' (lose examination .,r the I '"".lers early. Catal-.^uea with prices annexed wHl he sent toall

^f'ry competent gentlemen who cfminosed the ofiiei-il "''i:''^='"i«- Isaac 1'i;i.lk\,

^embers Wthost association.; thc^dt h !^. bet^^ ^I^^^^^^^^ry^^s:^

the most flattering kind. T-TT^^VRV A "HT?!^!?!?'^'

First Prpmivm at Ihicks Covnfy Krh'ihifion.

torneirg Horse Power Avas exhih'ite.l at the Ibicks
t'Ounty Exhihiti(m held at \ewtown, O.-tober, Isol,
i;^''! V''^-'^"""J ^l'-^ higiiest premium, although in cum-
pftition,vitl, Wheeler's and others.

Additionjil inf irmation can be obtained by letter
as above directed, and the Power is always open to

F-ffK^i>u'? ""^ ^^'^ ^^^P^-^^' ^''' ^''^' ^'i"c street, below
filf ^i^'^^^^'lphia. The Patentee is open to nego-

1 ;!'i? ^""^ ^^'^ «^^« 0^ Township, County or State
^'^^'^' August, 1852.-3m.

HKNJ?Y A. DT?F Eirs

SEED AM) n()i:'ri(,7'[/fii; \L w Aiirjiru'sj;

No. .0•.^ (Jhesnut St., nr-ar .Id, rhilad'dpiiia.

Conht.intiv on hand a larp^e and well BeW-etfd ass. rtrnent of

Gftrd'ti. F>'l'i UriissaivlUni'h7iSf.f.d!(^ Fruit Tre^s, Utiij,^. V mts

A'e.te.t, 4'c. '

Hortieiiltunil IinplenneRts iti great variety.
Catalogiei forward* d on post paid appiication. (■ep.-4c

COCIILN CHINA FOWLS FOR SALE.

THE subacriher offers for sale a few pairs of his hue stock of
COCHIN CHINA FOWLS, of his own importation, warranted
pure hlood and true to their name. Ordemfor the same, post-paid
addressed to the sul.seriher, will receive due attention

CH.\RLES SAMPSON. West Roxbury. Maw.

I

15R

ADVKirnSKMF.NTS

Mi.fsr

is.'-)2.1

AT>VKT?TTSKMKX'rs.

TO FAKMEKS, A(nn( ri/n'RlSTS AND GAK-

DKNKKS.
CHAPI'KLL'S iMi'RovKD FKK rn.r/KR-Substitute for Gunno.
The Babijcriber wi>uUl cull tlieailtejilum of the FariiierB of IViiu-
■ylViiiiia lo the cheiiiitMl coiiip(»uml or tii:iiiure, inumiriKtiirtd hy
hiin fol the renovation of •' woru-out Imuls," uml known us

'CHAI'I'KL'S IMHKOVKU KKKTlLIZKtt."

This article is coiiipoueil «)I the •arue inaleiiiilB as arc foiindljy
nuulyBis Ml the a>/i ol plants. It c«>nBiBt» of u mixture i^m proper
prop.trtioiiB) of B'-Pho.'^phate of Lime and Mngm.stu, {*>t h(»ne8 ilis-
Bolved III t^ulphuric Acid,) Sutpkntts of Ammonta, Potask, Sinla
and Li/w, Animal (liar coal, Silicates of i'uta>/i, Alumina and Ma^-
ncua and, as tliese conslitueiits indicate, is iiitcnled to restore to
the soil all the inorganic materials ahstrieted hy vegetation. It
has been useerlaiiied that a soil conlaiiiiiig u sullitient (piantity ol
these s.ilt8, 18 always fertile ; ami their ahseiice coiiKlilnti 8 w iiat
ia called " ]V«rn-<'nt Land " Tin; analysis of rich hoilahliows a
irood supply, and poor land a (i.licieiicy.

Tue inorg line mailer absUacl.-d Iroiii the soil by the growth ol
ditrercnl crops is Ihe hii'ie, v.iryiu-; only in prop'Ttion ; it ih liiere-
foreeviileiit, that if we supply L. t he s.nl a siuiieient quaiilily of
each luateri il Imis abstrartcd. we reslole lis fertility.

The cnrrec tiiess ol the above has been luliy hustaiucd i»y the use
of Ihe i'V7f(^;t./, the latil teasmi. It lias b.'.-ii used on poor liiid.

and twentv-hve to twenty eight bushels .>! wlieat .obtained, with
u hiip.TK.r'eropof elov.T. Asa top-drebsiiigoii wheat, eight busli-
els additional >ield has been realized On the si)ring crops of corn.
oats and clover, the yield has Leen doubled. It has been used on
tlie same fu-ld (asan e.xpernnei.t, with tlie best Peruvian Ouano,
botli ou corn and oalB, and the >uid lias resulted m lavor ot the
Fertilizer. The most respectable reterence can be given oi its
value and etTects on pn<.r lands u o.

Tins ailicle having been used witli such favorable results, th.
inanufucturer now otfers It to agriculturists, with the full conh-
dence that tt will larj^ely repay f-.r ihr- ,.nt hiv ami that it is the
cheapest manure they can use.

On verv poor land, two bairets to the acre should be nppUed ; on
that iu bJtter condition, one and a half barrels. It is calculated, in
using two barrels, ym supply to the soil suli.cient sails tor a rota-
t„m Asafo/^-firess.n-, unebarrel put <ui after a ram, or when the
land is wet, and in all eases near the surface and not ploughed in,
broad-ca*t and harrowed when practicable. The Ammonia in this
nreDaralton is a Sulphate and therefore not volatile as in Ouuiio ;
the Ui-Fhosphates and Sulphates being soluble, the rain dissolves
them and they thus saturate the soil with prepared food, ready for
hemmnshmentof the plant; being rich m Sulphates, they are
nowerful absorbents of .\mni.«nia from the atmosphere.

One fact peculiar to this compound is that such p.-rlioii as may
not beabstraeted from the soil the first crop- r»-'"''''"8 '" the ground
u til consumed by after vcMtaliou One barrel of Chappell s Ini-
nroved Fertilizer contamsas murk Plw.phnU of Lune :iH is contain-
ed m 300 11.8 FeruiianCiuano, therefore, by the application ot two
barrels ( 1«K) lbs ) to an acre, the ground is sni^plied wUh as much
nhosphale of lime as if 4(K) lbs. best Peruvian (.uano ha.l been used,
and the Fertilizer is furnished at lees than half th>' ru>t

\Ve add a few certihcates. We could add ,t>ur>, but this mode
of advertising is expensive-t/»..^. should be sufTu lent to recmmend
the Fertilizer to the favorable notice of all farmers, desiring to

""^hrt^dl'nn^'^rom gentlenien of high standing, tct^ihes to the
Mction of the Fertilizer, compared with Peruvian and Patagonian
U iVr.un Tom T Ap. C. Joiies. Washington.)

Guano. (F nun ^^"^.^^;/il^,,,,,^,,., h.ll, Va.. April 20, iaV2.

P Stockton Chappell-lh-iit Sir :-I suppose 1 ain ii"lcblcd to
vour kiX-Bs t-or a copy of the Bait-more Sun. of 17th March
: nunnig n<.tice of Uan.ler of '•South »'=' ^'-"7 .^"uen
Works' to \oi». I Bl""i'»' »'='^'^ «'**"'^'^ ackm)wled^'ed v-ur atten-
tion but was anxious to see a furU.er development of the cflects
Jrvluir Fertilizer before I wrote. You may recollect hat about
a year a-o I purchased the first Fertilizer, (a ton) with which 1
experimented with barley and corn, at the time of planting and on
wheat and grass as a top-dressing, all in companion with Peruvian
m IPatagomanGuam^ equal cost. The elTect on the barley
WIS decidedly in fuv.^rof the Pertiiizer beyond all (piestiou ; while
vmm wheat, com and grass, the dilference was scarcely discerna-
lb on the arrowing crops. The gn.und on which the barley grew
ast ye wassTckMl , with Florence wheat on the 3d dav of O.-to-
h.r ISM the groun^^ was m the hnest heart, '200 lbs. of Peruvian
^uoim ha'ving been pU.Mghed m after fallowing, bnt betore seed-
f.rwhirh was d.mi with Pennock's .!nl!. The last d.essing <,f
I rnio WIS carefully sown broa.lcast transversely to the spring
dreis iig of g^n..,and to the belt of the Fertilizer, through the
barTeV which separated the Peruvian and Patagonian guano, and
t^e course of the drill crosses obliquely the belt ol about sixty feet
on whidi the Fertilizer was used about a year ago
Vy wheat, like most wheat of the season. ,s but muMling ; my
land w^s ploughed very deep, and, although it .s h.gli and ro l.ng,
H,I wheat has suflered severely from a redundancy of moisture;
"v^r hele tl"^^^ the^art on which tlie Fertilizer was

Sed at the tune of sowing the barley, in April, 1S51. is not onl>
h'^heTbvt strovp^r, has a better color, and s in every respect more
nrom sing than the wheat on either side of it. notwith.tan.lmg he
double dressing of guano to one of the Fertilizer. liave also ten
ac7es of corn ground in wheat, on which your Fertilizer was u.cd
and town in comparison with Peruvian guano and repeated at the
HmeofVowing the wheat; the Fertilizer so far holds its own, and
should I live to see it, I will give you particulars of the harvest

The conclusions to which my mind is brought by the foregoing
experiments are: —

First— That at an npial cost, wifA /«.■» /a6or, an l ; (f i^r. n- r r.,(,.
venience »n its application, your Fertilizer is fully equal Unh,
average cpiality of Peruvian guano when first applied, and mud,
more durable in' Us etrecls on after crops.

Secondly— That SIX hundred pounds (two barrels) of the Ffrtili.
zer. iiieorporated with the soil with the harrow bcmre Beediuf (,f
planting- isbftler than :HiU nounds of Peruvian guiino, to wh ch
the farmer is compelled to add, with very eonsiderahle lalK)r, ()n«
and a half bushels gypsum, the cost of which will bring thegutija
at the lowest rates, to f^jj

Whilst cost of roo lbs. fertilizer, eoi

Difference in favor of fertilizer, |i jq

Very respectfully, fee.

T A P. C.JONES.

IJi.ooMFiEi.D, HaMimorc co , March •i3<l, \^\
P S. Chajjiell - I)ear Sir: — In answer to your iiotr of thisdat?,
asking for m> experience in the use of your Fertilizer, I inivf but
time to Biiy. that two or three years ago 1 used bnt two or thrrr
barrels tiy way of experiment l.astyear,! used upwanlg of jty.
eiity, and this'year I will drop it on »'very lull i'f corn that I plant.
My experience of its use on corn, in the hill, is most iiiiqiif8ti„u.v
blv and decidedly favorable. Very respectfully, yours, hv.
^ lUCHAKD J. WOKTlllMjTON

Halto CorNTV, March 2*2cl, iSM.
P S. ChappelL E.*'/.— Dear Sir— 1 have used your Fertilizer la
maiiv ways upon botti wheat anil corn, with great sueccRH

Yours, respectfully, i:i>W. W. WORTH INUTO.N.

(From Kev. Dr. Johns, Rectt)r of Christ riiurch, RaltiriuTe.)

lUi/riMoUE, July '2, 1S51.
7'c Dr. P S. ChappfU—Di^iiT Sir : 1 have just returned from 4
visit to i)elaware, where 1 had an opportunity u{ observme thr .;.
fects of vonr Atrricultnral Salts, lu the production of wheal. Tvry
were api)iieu lo uvo heiob— one of twenty acies— the olbero(
twenty-eight. The former is unit'ormly good— on the latter, h jwrt
has been damag. d by the gK.wlli of blue grass, but my niiprtwiwa
IS the crop, on both, will be one-third gieater than it vvnulil haw
be^iiWMlhont the fertilizing article. The grnin hns n-t y^t bm
threshed out, and consefpieiilly the ab.iv opinion rests merely .hi
generalobservation of the crop immediately before harvest. Lut I
iim satished it will not be found incorrect I thmk it very cena;u
yon will have several orders for the Salts, from llie viciuity re-
ferred to. Very respectfully,

Vuur friend and ob't serv t.

HFNRY V.D.JOHN?

l)r Johns purchased, last fall, thirtv barrels ; »s he ug^-.i it ;.!
above on torty-nine acres, not more than i; barrels coul(. nave
been applied lo the acre.

I have used - CliappelTs Fertilizer" upon potatoes withdeciW
b.-netit. and am now fully satished that it is the best and chesp«t
manure 1 can use for that crop

Mv first Uial was ah.ncside of stable an.l cnano <"nmi f, l^
Salts gave nie tin- b. st and largest potatoes. W here t '«^ ^^^ « «J'
use.!, the Ian.! was lliin, an.l on a hill side; 1 used about libb|
to the acre m the furrow, with the usual attenti..n My cruplu^
came up t-. my expectations the potato.s were 1='\K^ ""«/;» "j
perior qualitv, and the cr..p fully one-third greater tiKU. an of b
neighbors, whose land was much ncher than the piece of la «^
u.ed for my potab.es. The same piece of laud I have .ut do*,
m wheat ; the furrows can be seen distinctly some distance uL-
showing that the Fertilizer is still acting in the soil.

I shall use the Fertilizer this year on my P"l>;t«.cs h ing u^^
satished that it is the cheapest and best ["'^''"^^^';''^ , /"^^^
that crop. Several o( my neighbors intend "f "?^,,^ f,] ^ ^^ ^^
this yea . I have paid great attention t.. the culrivatioi, .^f pntat«
for the BaltiuDre market for many years, and Irom '^V ^J^f^' _^
,,f two seasong with the Fertilizer, can recommend it u Hh en.

dence upon that crop, , , „,

I will add that I S..1.1 my potatoes at 81,00 1-'^ /;"f;i;fj;
neighbors Kold at Obc-the difference m price owmgt. the (filler
nic^ in quality. Yours trulv LARKiN\otNG.

Ualto CO., near HarrisoiiviUe, March lo.

Extract of letter a from Dr E ChandlkR.

Chestku Cot nty. Pa., Ma} 2^,1--

On tlie 2(.th of August, IK^.O. I applie.l IM) lbs. of V^^^^ 1'^%
on a f,.nrth of an acre of poor land , ^»'=«\ -^ '-^, '^^^ ^'{Zi »k«
forty years previous to the applicatwu. of the •"/'^ ' ' ^.i ^'^ i,„,
gr.nind plonghe.l in April and strewed ''^-^ ' \> <',;;;.., h.r-
Mud about the same of ashes, and chip dirt ^^^^'^ .^Xl^^'l ^.^,.
rowed It well with cultivaf.r. and when V-'' ''-^'y. ^ ;' * ^,,,-
in Turnip ^ee.K Timothy and Cl.-ver an.l ['''fl'f/'.jf^^, ^ ^u^:;
The crops of Turnips was 70 bushels, that at 2.) ^^'^;'' " , ft.
i f,.5() and at the rate of ^70 per arre^ I.^' ^''lIlTms P^rV
crop ot' go.Hl hay was 1,1(H. lbs , or at ^;";.''=^^^;;' ' „ "X ^mc '
andnow^Mav, 1B:,2) the appearance of ^^''' ^'X'lhll^^.,^
far better than it was last year ^^=^">' P^^^^'l^' ;;'^' S^
this small, though satisfactory exp-nment, ami are becoming

vii.ccd of the benefits of your P/'t'''zer^,.

n^ioo 4in r\i>r Icirrel. and containing JOOlba. n,«^l

T 1 1 1C.0 ' 145 Lombard st. BaItim<J'

N B To avoid disappointment, farmers desiroui of a •»P^
for their Fall Crops should order early.

.MA.NNVS 1\\TK.\T AIUI'.ST A i;i J.; HKAI»L\G
AM> M()UL\(i .M.\( IIINKS.

Manufactured at Wwidam\s drove, Sl^yhtnxon county , Illuwt^ n»

for iale by John i atn^^, Unntshur^, Wtn lirady, Mt Jvv \l /'

Vttl, S/tireman,',tuun, and Ihuul Coclley, La,,, u ^(. r r'n.

Warranted to cut all kinds of (iram and UraBs ; ., «., Kinx .Millrt

Cora III the field, and to gather Clover, Timoiuy and Flax S«-e,l

Thii mHchme will cut from ten to fifteen acres per day with two
kortes, with one person to tend it when mowing an.l Uv'.. perB-.m
when reaping. The gram is leJt <.ii <aie «i.le, ingavel», (,., biudini.
The^rasa isspreud umlormly over the ground, liy the use of »
douhle-edgcd Bukle, the cutUiigapparalub is itic mo«t i.errecl— uid
which !■ connected by means .,f a joint hu as lo ;oljii«i ,t»,.|, .,,'
even ground, an.l bv meaiiH of a lever ai the .Jiiver'a acut it ean l""
raised aMU ItMxered inBtantly and easily when moving •ilonir ulr,?*
fr.<ni one inch up to two leet from the gr.Mjiid \U a oecu'w
,!nigeni(iit ..f the wheels, ull side draft, against Ihe le'im is entirel^v
.ivoi.led Tiic constiuction of the machine m simple, and hv itren
dered convenient and durable. I'riee Si;i.,.0<j, half .jowii Slui i"i
all down J.il MAVNV

KM.M) Tiii: FOLLoWI,\(; TI:.<TIMo.MaI.s * *

, ., •^""'^'•'^^''> »'*-^-, Augu^U: i8-,l

II any one has either grain ..r gra««, un.l wants to have I't e, „.

itoufelif tobe, lie uillc..n«ulth.8owniiilere8t,|,y,..v.,„.,innL' \ V.
„y'. Reaping and Mowing Machine. The sunpli.a .! ^ . , '
»tructi.w,. with it.s absence ..f nnneeessary friction, renders ii nno •'
ri.)r to an> oilier machine cd" the kind 1 have ever seen '

Life member of the Royal Agricultural S<xwiV/Englan.l.

We,citizeiisof lielvidere and vicnity, IJoone iuZT\\u[l'nf,

have nninUely ..bserve.l tiM-opeiation of Mainu •« R,.ao..r'-.'ii,l M ,.. '
tr. Hiis machine we have seen at Work m vvheat that w is I o J
I.Klged, an.l witii a very heavy growth of straw 'Pi... „.,\,u ,...•_

done pcricctiy clean, and wii c, ..-i two i.orses -j he .-.mp

uiachiiie we have seen at work at inowiii^r._„ ,,„t. j,;, ' ' "'«
luthegr..ui.d and smootnly. It w rk« adm.raM y in cnitmg oi'ver
tad has demonstrated it.- ll to our satistaction', to be a ev.mp ,te
labor saving machine, ^' '"pitie

Powell 'Ha. i. lock, L T Lor.Ml,J. !><»,. little, Thomas Clark r
n..r.I.,SS,Strou.l Jerome Harper, H Hawlcs', ulia! .^t J.':'; f"
David Palmer. William W ili,«, p. t. M. Chamberim, and rnany

From an acquaintance with Manny's Reaping and Mowu^u ^Ma-
chine and with other machines also with the ,es ,lo/ainl t .' '/
we, the undersigned, can truly say, to our best knowle.l,.,. MaM-i v's
fuuehiiieis not only unsnri.assed, bnt iine.p.ailed for ren'.in- and
mowing cuUing gras. c,.,se to the groan.l a;., re!, ng'grain
a complete manner, not leaving a single head 8tau<lmg, bit'^lcavu e
aalhiig...Ki shapeand even gavels for binding i-'taving

Oeorgt,OifiH-nt.-r, Erin, Stephenson c..., Ill, .Abram Marcelins
L.B H.her,Th..ma8R..lelK.ngl,,nK.rle«Kns;,Wad,lam«./r e'

Kr^ru;;;/;;;,^'"'^^''- ^^'"' ^""- -"->•' ^"-; J'""' ^nm:

.MiN.N-.VREAfi.Nr. ANbM..wi.N.; Maciunk -We witnesse.i las^
we.k one ol these Machines in ..pcratiou. on the Farm. .Mr > ,^
•-•K Foley, near this vill;.g.-, and were well pb.use,! wilii tHe „,a -

»dged, the machine done Its work xvith a.lmirable ilesnalch an.l
.leatiiess-cutting the gram clean and leaving it in perfeV J vele

c';^rr;i";;""'H'"'v^'""'""^- ''''--i-nta^.^oa;:;";!'

i:»:)

tfiilun, and laic :;:;a:l.!::;;^'"" '^ "'^--'^'^ »" »PI>ly o.. hnrre

less;;;e[;:::;^t:,^;;';:^;;|:-!77;/-'<^.t».<- Fertilizer
,., Fs>^"i-'> iiic«m«aci, o( the mixture

m<^e:of^::;^;;:;;.;[,;;:y::;;^'::x -'' .-obabiy ..,,.„, oth.r

ty. It .l.onl.l n.'.t, how"v.T : a . ?« T""" ""V"^" "' '^- "l""
whi.h will cause a loV.V,. a^ ^ ^ "" ''** """"'' ^'^'' W'Hkiinu;
ly in the ..'.I "" Amu.o.na, nor should it bebnVie.l .Icep-

11?' rricc, ^•J.'.oper barrel.

Manulactiirc.l and t'or rib- !,v

'' __()diee^t-| Arrj, K . I'|,,ia.|e||.hia

I^rMPS. riKK KX«ilM:s, (AST iKt^MoLX:

J"AI\S, .v... .Vc.

The 8nl,.Mcriber m:uini,.etaie« Donbie-a.tioi, I,,, .,,,1 r
Pumps, (,M.r,.ea,l„.n!,u an.l horizontal ) of /, v\ ; . ' '' '"''""
wh.eh,rouMhe.rHu,,,,lec.n,«lrn.t,,,na;. w.- e.3^^

\ iid,A(.j: A.M) FACTORY FfRE i:\(;i\rs

"i;;»':;u:;;^';;rz;:"'^' "■ ■''-> "- '-'■■• •-^' '--"^'i

Cistern and Well p. Mno« ^.t ,,, or ot:t doors

UuueuEugme|,, will, a small .i/e ,h,uble acting I, ft an.l f.irce
unip .ArrauKcl withor with..ut.uet.on. They.ro ko ' , ^.1
that one person can wheel th.ni fr.-m place t,. pla-'e , ' ■ . wH
ca culated tor agricultural an<l l.ort,e„/taral puL,«e, '^'"

Ornamental ;a«t-iron Fountamr of vario-is ktyleH and pric.

L^ad';!;;,; ^^^^i;;;^,!;;:- 1"' -'^^"' '''- ^--^""««' ^-^ -•^•'

I am now rea.ly to receive orders and build Steam Engines from
cul r 1 s7.a/r; mlVi'r"'"'"" "^ -tatmuary, h..r.z.a.tal or^c'pe.T

bmed w th «^^^^^ " -^>'« "■ P'-««"'lc com-

I i.iel u ith slreMj.th ami Miire of gettmp at every part, an.! adapted

wan,, any amount. 1 e:,n adjust the pu.nps n. a . .nnpa-i i r n
'•..sily got at, and discainct-.l fr..in the engine, wh.-n „o reru re
for pumping In many s.tnat.onHKieam is the r, om pmHt.i ..'"..Vo

;'iv;;;s^''"'"''"^'" "'«"""""'*= •"'^^' ^-^ ^'^'^ i-uhLbcs I"

A l.so j.repared to re.'eive orders ,,r ii.ve mfo.mation upon r.atheR

lainers. Presses >hafting, Pull.es, and m,Md.iinstt..ols\n gene^^^^
trontl,ef,rni.,(.M-s«r. (>. Snow .V Co., Aler,.b-n Conn ^""'''''

All) CMunnini' ifnms by mail will have iinme,i,;,re afteniion
•' '5. FAR.\AM,;{4 Cliir St., near Fulton \ V

SllA.\(ilIAi:S!

rrnEBn!,Bcril,ersf,kc this nieth..! of inf..rmmg the ritizens of
1 Lancaster and vn-.nity that they have on hand and for sale a
birge and beautiful st-.ck of Shangha IowIb. the Hnpe„oritv an.

g...Kl ,ju« ities ot winch ca, t be snrpasse.i by any ni the ccamlry.

r^lllce the hrst lnip..rtati.ai of thrse fowls from ShaiiKhii- China
tat:on to uneven gr.n.n.l-the c..nv:m;^i;t ;;;mM-r\;re;evatmg'and i F^irnd ^Z:^!^'''' V'^' ^^"^'^'.'"^ '^"V^^"- F-'t'n,h.rly m the New
'iei.re8«ing while m..viiig along, eutting the gram at an\ Si t ' ni i ? . ", "'"^ '"''" '''^"'''>' «""^'''t after f.,r iheir general gr.od

a ni,.r„in..rable method of ol'iviatingall snle 1 ng a, ^| t,;: ' ;' '7,^;V'''"'>^V''^ ''^'''T^^''"" ^ -riy maturity, which render
^asv ii.M.,,. r„i .;.._/• ^. o.i.if^Mi, ami riu ' tliem fur superior t.) any other lowiin A inern a.

These fowls can be H.-en at (i W Ariio!.|R,'in South Duke st
opp. .site the pul.lic schools, or by .ulling on T \\ (i..ui,|, at Coo,,.'

'■"■f '"'^^i- T. R (iori.i). '

J''"«'l^'^2.) 0. W ARNOLD.

easy lie.,,... r r. r ^'">'""'"?< "'I «i"c (iranglit, ami the

nrces^r . ' '''''^'''^'^''''"'•■'''''''*^'^'' n..,w.iig; all the change
all. >l^'''' ''■'■) ''' ''■'""^■•" ''"• i''''^tf'.rmoii which the grain
^^^^^■—i'retpun Journal^ Au^u^t, \^i,\ . ^

Mr r n .T ,, , Lexoisburg^ rnion c. , Pa.

Dose- far .:,;-'•";}"'"■ "'■'"•'""'« I'^^re f'illy answer the pur-

Ku'or heard'T'''^**'^^'''''^'''"'^^ ""*' »'' "■^"^■^« ' ''»vrc

"'• CvKUi Driksbach.

TO FARMKRS-SAUXE VVMTUA'/AAX,

'rr!!? 'r'*'"""^'"" '« '^<-«ig"ed to furnish the soil the various mlu-
cciiJfvegS;io,r''''"'' "'''''"■'"' '^•"" '' ''>■ f^'^"'^-'" ^'"^ 1'^'-
Ail,mnni*i^'!l'*i*'^*; pr..p..r(,onof the stilts of P(,tash, S(Kla and
a .S^tT'^Vert'!!^''"^ ''''''' RM'li..«pliateof Lime, Animal Charcoal,
tratedma^^^^^^^^^ ^"^"""J>' •' '"K^ly cc^icen-

|ative^"fi.?^*'V"^.'' ".'■''' '"'^"■''^ ^" ^''^ »«'^"tIoM of farmers, the re-
hired no to"' v V''""^' '^"'""" **• '"^' '*'«'*-"'^ ''>■ •■^P'-^^"-'""'-. 't 18 de.
excite eV, y;*"/'"''' "P"'' ■•".^' 'i«8ertions resp*<<tmg it, calculated to
'"K howT.r l\:''i'^l.''''''' '^ perhaps might n..t be realized; kn<.w-
havehH^n ' . , principal constituents of this cmpound
'>elierrd /T!i''"'' '" '"" *"^''''> ^"''"''l''^ separately, .t ,« c(mfidontly
line Ferf. .? ',*''^M '.i"'""''^'"" '" P"""!'^'^ pr.'p.iriions in the '-Sa-
"«e hcrtdizer" will form an excellent manure.

^, DIRECTIONS FOR USE.

Bcre nn.i r.*^'"'"''^ ^^ applied at the rate of two barrels to the

If rm ^'^^'^ bnwd-cast (m the surface.
RethVr i»T'""^ ^''^ barrels, the salts shoold be found adhering to-
K *°er la lumpa, they should be broken, say with the back of a

J. <^' T). ffjjj:\rat\m.

Manufnrturr.rf of all kinds (f Su am Kni;,t\fS(md /ii'ihr.^, Slide ard

Hand Ldtkts, Mill and Pre!i,t Screirs of all .wr^.tj j-r.

Wf \t Chestnut st., Lanca\t/r, J'a.

We also furnish castines of the I .Mt m.i'en.iJH, and .at the most

reasonable |)rice8. ILiving h;ifl lilteen > eioh prac-tirai i-,x[)crieiice

in the maniil'acture of various km. Is of inachnier)- an diron w.irki

weare aSie to warrant our W(*rk to giye satisfaction to all who

may favor us with their jiatronage. (.June, J8.'.2.

GUANO WAUK IIOISE.

Ko. 54 Soufk W/inrvea, Jiehno Walnut Strmt.
Peruvian and Pat.igonia Guano, for sale in large or small quan-
tities, in barrels and bags, on reasonable terms

JOSi:i'FI L. JONI-:s,

No. 55, South Wharv.-s. Phila.lelpliia.

SIIAX(.HAE ^ COrillX LllLNA lUWLS ^

For Sale.

^ The subscriber has on hand a number of yonng Cochin China A
Shanghae Fowls of the lateat importation, which he will dispose
of at tair p>rices on post paid applicati<«i, addressed to

PHILIP HUNT,
West Phila., Chesnut st., 2nd door West of Pub. Schcwl House

160

ADVERTISEMENTS.

[AuorfT,

EMORY 80 COMPANY^S

PvF/rAlL VinrV. LIST OF IIOIISK PoWKllS,

I'cfil .Mills, i'.iimuiL; Mi Is. \fv, &c., iiKUiiinicturrd by thriu
elves, siiul dt:;livt'r<*il on Imrird :iiiy ronv^^yaucrs iit. Alt'uiiy. N. V.'
or at any place in the l.'iuttid States, by tlif mlditinn ol frt-ight :

Kmery's Patent ("han^reable T.^wcr. Thresher, Separator aiul
iJaiuis (•(•inplete, for 2 Ihtscb,
do ill. do

Emery's Iiii|irMV'i Wulc Rack and I'mion, with Thresher,
Separator, ami Hands for 2 horses.
do do di» 1 do

Common or Wheeler Rack and Pinion Power, Tliresher,
t*eparator, and Bands, for 2 horses,
do do do 1 do^i

If sold separately the fellowing prices are charged :

Emery's Changeable R. R. Horse Power, for 2 horaes,
do do do do 1 do

Emery's Wide Rack and Pinion Power, for 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

Common or wheeler Rack and Pmion Power, 2 horses,
do do do do I do

Thresher, with cylinder 2r> inches long, I4i in diameter,
together with Separator and Fixtnres,

SI 50

l-jo

120
♦Jj

13.5
110

110
hO
00
6U
95
73

35

Fanning Milla with pulleys for fJand,

S2), QS, 30

Tlir.KSIII^liS, SKPAIIATUUS, SAW MILLS,

r.iilable Circular Saw Miil, 21 uu-h saw, lilt-d and B^^t, f(.r

saw iiig HfiilroadTwi-od. nlittiiig fciic. s, (Stc.
Tprmhtor Felloe Saw for Wheelriglits,
( hnranig attach'Jient, for driving one or tw > rhnr:!,-? at a

tinif, i^( Itarrel Bize, exffi)t (diurns.
Sett Hands. Wrenches. Oil Can, and F.xlras,
Cross Cut Saw arrangements tor bultmg and cutting off lugB,

including Saw, gnnlcp and connrctioiis lor use.
Feed Mill. C;iFt Ir'-> •'' ■'• ^
French Burr Stone Mill, tor grinding, lb laciieB uiamctcr,

a tj,, do do 20 do

Power Corn Sheller for 1 or 2 liorses, 35 to 50

Terms— Cash, or approved notes, <.r acceptances with iiitereit
payable within tour months, m Albany. New Ynrk. lioBlou, Fhil
adelphia. or Baltimore, as may best suit the purcha^'er.

All artic es warranted made of good materials, and to operate ai
represented, or may be returned Arithin three moiiths. at the «•
nense of manufacturers for home transportation, and purchaK-
money refunded-the purchaser being his own judge 111 each cair
For further naiticulars see previous advertisement, ..r addresi the
subscribers. Liberal .leductionst.. dealers. L''f-!^IAgent8Wanted

to sell and put the above in operation. I'^'^-'Vii v v

June, 1852. 36D fc 371 Broadway, Albany, N.^.

40

13
i

13
35

Itm

GllEAT LMPllOVKMENT in IIYDLAULIC KAMS.

The subscriber, durini; the past six years ot prartical experience
in putting up Hydraulic Rams, has seen the necessity of some im-
irovenient, and would now m.>st respectfully say to the communi-
tv at large,thathe has completed *.me very important Improve-
mentg, which renders the Ram much more durable-(tlRre being
^o friction or wearing of metals against metal in any part of the
machine) also less lialde to breakage-(8uch parts being made of
wro Kht iron as are liable to break, instead of cast iron as usual)
the meMiod of regulating the quantity of water consumed is more
con^n eS with greater nicetv an.l no possible danger of getting
uTof urder ; and another new feature is the enameling or coating

he inside surface of the Ram with glass, thereby preserving it
from rust, making 11 (With water-proof paint upon the <"Jt«j^le^a!.
niostinipeVishable. These Harnsare warranted to be more JuraWe
than any others made in the Inited States, without any exception)
Gateliel's Double Acting Rams, have bee.mie very ^aluahle is
raising spring or we:i water, by means ot a croek^ Tiiese K«iM
with suitable Pipes will be put down,C'i"^l wariantcd for one)e&r

■at the lowest possible price for cash. . u.. .i..

.i.U.dud's Ila.ns will be put np ; wlMMi prHcrred as u.Ti. b> th

SLd.srriber, who bas erected lar-;e numbers ,.1 them m various parun

^''Artor"u:u,,>tv of water elevate,: by the ab.
l,.„.e l-orii.t less than One Hundred Hnllars is « ''' ' ;:4\;«"
or all of those persons who alled.'e that fheir raa.s vi, . entc a
.reater amount or per cent of water. The truti. •«/'';^'^'y,,^^;
^,er cent of water may be raised by the ram. -;<^^^^;^^Z
':,w> of uPM-han.e.s and philosophy, and ^;'' ^^•''' ^ .T^
„„„, ,„:iv be set down as an arrant humbug, and iiitu.uag t.ae

"^FarmerS'and'others wanting Rams will -^^--^^ll^lf^^
bv examining the above Rams before P''^^ '^'^''^f ^^^.^^e' ^
niav be seen in practical operation at the « <>7- f J 'J^^'^'^.^at the

Pipes of all kinds furnished, and contracts ^^'^J T' '';jt,,uit.
lowest rates for Cash . A large variety of pumps, with pipe,
always oil hand. , .. .^^^

The subscriber would also call the attention o the pu.) 'C ^^^^

article of Lightning R'>^>' '''''f ^^'^^'-'^I'l'''^, ^; k^
.b.wnbvProtVssor Hare, Faradv 1^^,. ' ^''''^ .' , w ^ haW
W.Suow Hams. F. K. S , and other phih.sophers, \Mio na

ten on this subject. oil wh<^ «ee

They are cheap, effective «nd highly "PP^^^^Yc^broWN.

them. Call and examine for yourselves. -jje Philadelphu,

:;(•!) Market St., Third door above Pth St., N. siae,

at Thomas F. Croft's Model Seed SU)re.
June, 1852. — .

AT,l.KKXF,YANDTMl'l!OVKI. SIIOKTH0H^■
CA■i"^^K.
TIIRFF thorouRh bred Alderney BULT.S, f'""- "'""l",, t«

February 2d, 1852.

,/A

VOL. 2.

LAXC.\STE?x, I'A., SKl'TKMjJKK, hV!.

^O. (i.

TJli: rAJ{-M JULll.X A I..

A. M. ^l'.\\<.Li;K, I

i

MM I'oR,

It beoumew our | :i'nitiii 'liitv Im aimoinii'o tl,,. ,1, a

of the distin^^ui.sho-l A rioim liMrtiniltui-i-'. .\.

Downing. In rooonLm;^ tlie .siid.it n .l.atli nf this no-
ble miin, we arc at a loss for words to ex|»rt s.s tlu'
Borrow witli whicli the sad event lills us. One who
knew him well has porformod the sad duty for us. —
The followinf; e]<a|nont triLnto to his nioinnrv wr
copy from the " Jiomr Journal:' It is as truilitul a,^
t'lu(iuent, and will be read witli nu-laneholy [.leasure
by every one who can a[)pr(»ciate the worth of ;i man
who has done so mucdi aud so well for the beautiful
and useful.

Poor Downin;^ is dt-ail. In Mio droadfiil oalainitv
on the Hudson, which brought -bath t(» ^u man v, and
sorrow to tiie brart^ ni' tlioi^aioN ni ao, br, \vb..M'
name is associatod wirli all tlia^ is Iro-li an«l bcaiiti
ful in natiiro — with tbo .>tartinu^ i^ra^s and fra;i;rant
blossoms of .«-prin,:;-tii>i('--witli tlio ni-^tlin- loaves and
wavni^^ bririo!,,.^ ,,(■ vujiinnM' — witb tbo rlusrorin'.;
fruit- and y.'ilMW barvost oi" antunin -jiorivl,,.,! ii-,,iii
"le^^liid and boantiliil oartb : Imw inu.-b lU",; -lad
and beautiful becaiHo ,,1 tb'; life of him who has just
passed away.

He who, as a prophet, inspired with the very geni-
us of T/ie Hnndifnl^ taught us not only the eternal
prindpUs oi Tas'te, r.nd tlius enal^lod ..ur judgments
to appreciate its tru" nianifostntions. but a'bn infused
into our hearts a gonuino love J't irhnf mlonhj—
l^iTing to the eye a new light in tbo gbmeing of the
aoon-lit water, and in tlie rainbuwdiue of every dew-
^ropof the morning — giving to tlie ear new music,
J8 well in the solemn rustling of the tempest-.stricken
oreat, as in the gontle murmuring of the zephyr
fnrough our latticed bnwor: bo. who, bv his teach

'•aroiiillv '-rMiintod \\\^^ cost" .d",»iir dwolbii-. i,laiining
witli snniular coiuMnatiMii ,,j' kio.\v|od-o and last<\
tlio \ariiai< o,,n\ .ni. ino and bixiiru's oI lifo, wli,,\s inir
'"'^'' '•"■ ni'.ri' noco.sMjiry is a nice poror[,f Jmh ,,1 litiM.HH
and liarni-n_v n. ri-Iit .•ni,,M,i,.,it. flian alaindant
rirlio-,, iii; V, ii(; i,.i., ^.i,i,.,i iiic ■'iohiii-ii ;jiMM .1) III,.
woaltbv, by workiuL' nut into wliat lias Imm,, oxpro.s.s-
i\oly Lcriiiod tho '•fro/on niu-io" of ardiitort upo, and
at the same tim- ba.s "paint. 'd thf lllv'" and llu-.^un
"a I'orfiiiii,. Mil the vi(dot" bu- tlio jm.mi' and lowly, b\
onlightening th»dr minds and filling them witirnow
perceptions; ho, our master and our friend, suddenly
18 "Idotted from the things that }»e."

An(l yet how little of su(di a man o m ,]!,.. '[',, \^\^

fai

n ! I \'

to hi;

imni'''

liato

'Ui'i 1" o| lilt iiiiato (rioii,|.j

and tii-sp ^vliM m- t him in t lie daily dail v walk- ,,1

lif'". it is ind I ({••atli. in all it-droa"d roalitv. \\ itb

thom, "oai-h loart knowin;^- In- own bittonif^.^," and
with their .-iutow •'ili.' Htrani:or intonii.ddlotb not."
l>ut to us, w ho olii.^tl y know him fhrou._r|| his writtor,
toaehingM, uu'l hav- him vtiH s\\\\\ u- in tho pa:;o^ ,,}■
his "Liindscapf <iardoning," "Cottage liosidoio.oH,"
and "('.anitry lb. uses," in his "Fruits and Fruit
Trocs," and •'Tho llMrti(julturi>t" — to u-. to tin; world

to posforit V, //'' s'ill lir> v.

\\ o mourn W'V our v, ho. in bis dopnrfnviit of knowl-
odgo. stiMid ('iirilo-vcdlv above anv other dn tliis whole
eon ti lien 1 — a man who cam e to us. not like most great
minils, too early to be apjU'eeiateil or even recornd/od
(U* too late to be u-eful, but who c.ime an(l was W(d-
oomed Just when the itdiabitants of" this western
world bad laid d'.'w n the wiiojinan's axe. itnd wore
anxiously waiting- t"!' le-v(,ns \\hicli s}i,hiM enable
them to advance from the stern nnd rigid | rineiplos
of mere ?////////, to the higlier and moTe graceful pur-
suits of sciencn and ' f art fVom the rude cabin of
the settler, to the viu' -di'ltered cottage or more lofty
dwelling of th ■ artist and thes(diolar. This man, we
ar(; told /.v <l(iul ; but still be .stands lorfli. foj-us. jire-
eminent as if yet among tiu^ living, jiatiently, as Jon;-
tofore, in his written words, replying again and again
to our in'piirv. How shall we make tlic earth more
beaut i 111, and humanity more pure?

Fbilosoj hy has suggestec] that the im[,r( ss of ( }>-

ft', thus awak. 110,1 in us ;l new life, atid so brought joets rerceived }>y what we term .,/,//,/, is ((uistandy
us more ntMirlv inii, ii. .,.,», ,r,,. ,.;fb it. r. rr^iLif A,,tiwi». i i :^,.i...,i :^ „„.i •: :..^ _.. ,

^^Tk^^ ".^''^I'b' '"to harmony with the great Author
and Architect of all, lias gone out from among us.

He who, as a wise and gentle brother, has "taken
?weet counsel" with us, in arranging the "surround-

ftO 01 our pleasant homes, in the position of every
?J"oup of trees and every flowering shrub that orna-
nients the lawn ; he who kindly sat with us, and

repeated, projected, again and again, into space, trav-
elling with the rapidity of light, to be intercepted,
percliiince, thousands of years hence, by the refined
senses of mortals even, translated to distant splieres;
so that nothing, whether it be a material atom, a
note of music, or the reflected image fA a flower,
which has once 6j?e/t, can ever cease to be. The

LSW^l^Sf

'■»Mr,'s^yy^!i^w^

102

EDTTOUI AI

fS^p.r

" fMlilH

thoup;ht, h(>wever fanciful, is ploasin;,^ in connoction
with tho momory of one whose lifn h:is been auccosa-
fully devoted to the creation of beauty all around.—
How these da;;urreotvpcs may have tilled all space,
and eternity itself, with his beautiful creations I

And now the trite (luestion, usually so easily an-

Hwered, when one has ^one who occupied a lar<;.

Hpace in the public mind, will be heard, Mho .shall

fill hus place/" The answer to this iiwiuiry has al-

Cl^rauuil Coiumauuaiioirj

in

lii-an«l-l{rtr(lim; ol lowis.

Mi:. KniTOR:— Having recently read an article i
the duly Su. of yoor vnbi;ible Journal, on the " im
provement of the dunghill lowl," by E. Kogors, and

^,,.,,^ , . . , . a^ it seems to iii\"h'- Oa^ (juestion of " in-und-in "

Jill his place r The answer to this imiu.ry has al- .^ breeding," I ^^ill to present a f J.

reidv been suggested : His pJac<> is alreadu lilJnL— »«^

The nicl^ in Fame's Temple lor him who should de- ihnugbt^ .r. tin- s.ibjeet.
velope a new world, iti the pursuits ot " liural Lile
and Rural Taste" in Am-rica, like that of a discovcr-

,.r of a coTitin.'ut, can r.mt im Imt <me stdtid'.

In earlv nianh 1 1h' Iki- t.iU.-n. Imt imt, indeed,

before he' liad lini-lu'.l a ///; //•";/,. and w.' n\ Im la-
ment what -'eni^ at first, his iniln.nhj tate, slmuM
remember that tian- lif- i- n-t nn aMUv-l hy \ihrati'.ns
of thr p.MPlulnni. and that '■ hi< life i< Ion- which
answers life's great end," wie-th.r It h.- dra\yii out te
three-score years and tc,,, .ir md.Mh like his, wIhmi
scarcely half those ycai> had pa^^-l away

And'now, what eulogy Inr tie- d.ad .^ what inniiu-
ment to the m.^mory (d .air hnnd d.^parted / 1 hi

,. • 1 i< Tl ,n....f tlw> l..»i(rfl\ 'in

xa!n|il.-s have occurred
( il ei'; i>s I irccdirio^. \*x,},

Alio 1U>» , » II'IK v.v»ix'^_ in' U ;Ul>llllH< l «>« ' ■ ■'■•■-■ J -■■■ y^w^

ment to the memory (d .air fnend departed? 1 h.> i ,i,i, ;. true wletlier related by the laws of

wr.rk iK also tinished! Throughout the length and , '"' . '

%\orK IS aisi) uui. II ^ ..,. -. • i- i ....T,,r.. ,. »v ..»• i.cit • heiici'. !t eannwt be ascribe

It is adniilled that many
wbieb proV(Mhe g'Xtd re,-ult:
ably the same will be granted of in-aiKl in hr.-,d;nj
ibit there is a notion prevab-nt that the latter t-n.i.,
II l't< r (Uiiio , [^\ degenera.-y. 'I'hat relatiuii>hl;,, >, .
s(\ ]troduc(>s degeiiera.-y, is. 1 think, eo\.nt.ii;i[n.,.,|
neither I'V philosoiihy nor experiment. Trur, nda-
tions tire apt to have the same eharaeterisiir., a^j jf
these are similar in botii jiannt^ th"y artj likely to
he transmitted more stron-iy marked to iho proi^ony,

con-

breadtli of our country, wherever the uir is Iragrant
witii the pert uine ot cherished iloNNcrs, or murmurs
through cultivated groves and gardens, it br.'atlies
the m-aiscs of him whose spirit, more than any )ther

samiiuinitv .^r not ; heneo^ it eaniiot be ascribed le-
gitimately to relationship. This law is in accordance

with the axiom th.at ■•like prodne^-. lik" : " but that

the praises of him whose spirit, more than any .ther I ^^^^^^ rclaliun.diip ^hould t. nd to degeneracy,

h.vs retined the taste and wiose^^k^ ^_^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^_^ ^^^.^.^^ ^^ ^^^

is e.-ntrary to every e.-iahli^iicd principle of phi-
losophy.

Kut, says an objector, "^Tr. A. tried in-and-in
bree<ling and his stock degenerated I Possibly, bat

the hand, of the cultivator, and the winds which

Hweep over our forests-"those grand old woods of

oak, and pine, and hemlock-already <xdebnite the

fame of him who boldly asserted their right to the

iirHtrankin the world's catab)gue of the majestic .. . A . i w i • «> n

works <d nature. His monumenti N it imt already were there no eauses fa- it hut th.^ relationship? On

on every hill-top and in every valley, m eve.y town

,,Hl every village, wdiere Gothic art expresses, with

its vertical lines, in lofty towers and pointed arches,

asnirin- Hope and all-embra<'ing Love— where the

^ncirclnig, overspreading;, aU-uniting dome oH^oma.!

architecture, illustrates, in public halls and ( apit.ds,

the sentiments of patriotism anl unity/

TTe ha- in. leed ••erected a monument more (>n.lur- , .

. ^^ , , , . •• Hi. memoiN • Is it not alreadv , are ,mil^pcn^able rcpiisites.

U^utifullv enwti.- i ^vill^ the ^in.' that encircles the | H laets pn>ve that imanddn brecllng tends tod^

"'. , i.Monv ..n the haul- s . f "ur noble rivers, or , ^ ^. fi,,.v mIxm nrove the reverse. '•Insoraeof

Stat' Iv .■''inmn> *'ii i"' ' •' i i^ '

i,an-sfrom the humhle ,,oreh ot thetree-.^heltereu
,.otta-e-> AVhoani.mgu^ has binlt Inm a luaise .u•
^l uit?-.! a vinevar.i. .a- r.-an'd a rare th.wer, uninllu-
euced bv hi.- Ut-^t..? \Vh:s in town or country, does | ., ,.,>ntury
not cherish an abiding sentiment of gratitude and |

^T Tt^l^^ ^^^JtZtZ;;^:^^ rrim-palM this i;;tittite, d. Wilkinson,liasaW
vate he hearts of ^^}^^^'. i.o.„tibil in the .r .J, ..iv.lle.l nerhrvns in the whole country.

that mo.le ol" reasoning, ero--hreeding is also perni-
cious. I^r numerous insLaiiccs occur of dcgenerat*
progeiiv from injiidicinus cros^^ing. The proper quali-
fications for a Miccosslul brci d.r ar" v.tv rare. A
thorough kimwliMlge of the good and had points of
animals, sound jmlgmeut, great care and experience

:eiiil.s to de-
generacy, they aU.. i»r<'V.' tlu' reverse. '• In soraeof
Ui.' Knglish [loeks and herds, close in-and-in breed
ing bas'b.M'n practiced with the b'>t r.-'^rdts fur n^sr.

•entury."

\ have a striking ca.se in my <.wn knowledge: th«

worldliness to the appreciation of the beautiful m the
works of Him who has not in vain, for li.s creatures,
Hprea.l out the landscape, and made the woods voca ,
and the air fragrant? x\o: of all who have thus sud-
denly perished,

'-lie will not float upon his watery bier

Unwept." IT ^^

With no design to sketch his every-day life, or
coldly to analyze his character as an author or an ar-
•rb^it under the first impulse of the mingled feeling
of sadness, of affection, of bereavement, w neb must
find a wid;. sympathy throughout our country, as his
melancholy tke becomes known, this notice of our
departed friend has been written.

♦'IIeavkn keep his memory green."

of swim> unrivalled perhaps in the whole country.
They have taken premiums at the priivipal fairs m
s(mie (i or 7 States, and always command the highe«5
prices. Tliis breed he produced by crossinp; a Li^
cester boar with a lierkshir.- sow, some 15 years sin^t.
and by great care and judicicms management he hw
brouMit tliem to tb.-^ir present almost perfect state.

If^Mr. K. crossed his bnvls with a better stock.
thnr is a r(>ason for their improvement. But if ^
sto<-k he introduced wa. not better than tho old.
eau m.l but regard it as a waste of time an i mooej-
The same care and attention devoted to tho iinprov_
ment of the old stock, if they were equally good ^

Farmers' sons had better learn to hold the P^ow introduced one, would have produced tiicBa»<

and feed the pigs, than to measure tape and count } ^^^^^

buttons.

IP.-^

o 1

m\tMi\ir,vr[ONS.

•K«ii .i». ■*<*r-*» «««.-«■

\\\.\

iie says " tho oldest chieken in the flock was not
more than seven numths." This is a suffieient rea-
son to account for their increased laying fpiallties, as
it is allowed by all, young hens lay better than old

unoH.

To prove the degeneracy of the dunghill fowls, he
contends "they were nt one lime ec^ual in every res.
ppct to those for whitii such enormoii« prices are now
a^kod." The jdain Knglish ^ t !hi>, r< that all tlie
different l)reeds <d' fowls ca!i!.' (ii.m tlio s;i,,,,. ,,i-i-ina!
stock. If ihi- In' triio, the (limimiii\,. Ihmtiim atel
the ^'igiUitie <'hit!agorig are of the -;ime oriinn. The
m( St rrhai'le authoirv; on the suhjeof, coH'^i.h'r the
(liiu-iiill l''e\] eit'ior a .-ross fVom ^overaj tiati\e luiei^
or a (Icsceielaiit of the J tingle fowl of i ndia ; thai tlio
tiuiall r».Mikiva fowl is th.- t_\pe ,,f tlie Ihinfiim, ami '\
tlit' great f >\\ I of St. daL^o and Summatra that of the
l.ir;;(T breeds.

If the dimgliill fowl lie a cro<<, we kn.iw nothiu"-
of tho size of th" produco^l <tock : h-aieo, \v,. e.innot
pay it has degtMiorat' d. \{\ on the (,(h.T Inn. I. it be
a 'Icfjcondant oi' t!ie .haigle fuv.l ,,f hplia, it ha-- im.
proved in si/e an-! layin:'- ruialities ; ,.i^ i],,, fitter is
much snnUler than th" <liin_-hill f-wf Mm! if is wdl
known tame fowls aro far better lavers than wifl
ono8. I am surprised, however, that Mr. R. wouM
iu»8ort that farmer's fowds generally fare well and are
well provided for.

How many iarmei-s pro\i(!e good shelter {hr tie ir
fowls in winter, iree from filth and vermin'.' In
probably a majority of cases they have no houses
that are devoted exclusively to ponltr\. hnt th.-y are
allowed to creep into stables, pig-peus and cart-sheds,
orporhaps perch in the trees.

If tlioy liapiMFi to Iia\.- w hat i- ealh-1 a '" chiekeii-
houso," tlu! iriannr.< i< allow. 'd to accumulate until
it bocomca so filthy ami so full of vermin that no .le-
oentfnvlwil! .■nter it. They .are s.ddom lurnish- .1
with siitiiri.nt food at proper poi.i,,ds.

I "un;: and old ai-eallowe<] to breed indiscriminate-
ly, without any regar.j to the immaturity .d^ the one
or the decrepit state of the other. Thc^.e and numer-
ous other like causes are sufficient to account lor oc-
casional, or even frequent degeneracy. When the
proper care and attention were i)ai.l (.. tiein, I have |
known stocks of ehiekons kept for many years wliieh
reUined tlieir size and hivlii- (.ualities undiminished. \
't is said many animals in tlieir [uimitive state '
mate brother with sister,— (whether this be true with
^'e wild fowls is more than I can say) :— the instinct
j^'^'^n to the creature by an eJIwise Creator, could
'^^f^ly fio f\ir err as to j^ad il to j,ursu.' a course cal.
^uiatcd to produce a degeneracy of the species. If
'am and Kve are progenitors of tho human race,
»e«r descendents, to iullii the divine commaad, **in-
'•'•ease and multiply," even obliged to risk the conse-
quences of that law, the results of which are " luna-
% idlucy and insanity."

1 know of a .settlement not fifty miles from Lancas-
ter, composed of nome lialf (b.zen families, all of
whom are related, and most of u horn marry cousins,
and this has pndjably conLinued for several genera-
tnms. \Ua no symptoms are yet nnidfest of idiocy
or insumify. (>n the contrary, they ,n. remarkably
intejbgent, ].oss..ssing strong, active minds and u. [f
devel.)ped bodies, I have not briefly giv.n tl,.. re-
sult of my iu'.estigation of this snbjeet. I slmnld h.'
gladtoseetl.ephi|os,,pi,_v,l,,t vmII ".xplain the cause
■d' .legenoraey n{ in-and in hrecjing. I consider
./'"/•v. ^^Urrr a vari.-ty of modifying '^•au>es are in-
v.d\.'.h a most uncertain guide. \],rvy system of
'|>iaek.-ry and nofahle nostrum hav.' tliousmds ,,f
faet^ to att-'st thoir (dlicacv. P. \\ (; ^, ^y

Ml. Anij A;/. !n</ifiiff, A,n;nst:\,l^ | S:)2.

lldw to Manage a \> oni Out l-'arm.

Mi;. i'huToti ; --Ahont so\.-n y-ars sin.'.- 1 toedv poa-
sessi -n .d" tie-' farm .ai whedi I a' prr^,. nt reside. At
that tiuK! its conditiuu was anytiilng else than j.iom-
Ising, for in addition (o iIk; fact that we(>ds and hriars
j aboun.h-d— fence r..w> wore in hid order, and ih-
hnildings scarcely tenantahl.. ; tie landuas to all
appearances tlioroughly impoverished. Hcingayoung
man, but newly married, most of my friends remon-
strated strongly against my taking the farm. Th'y
pf>inted out all tVie .lisad vantages athaidin- th.' step,
and everyone pr-dk-ted that 1 would st.irv h. foiv
^'"' f.^'""" ^^ "Id pro lu.-e as much as my family and
cattle would consume. I must confess the picture
drawn hy my dear friend.s was n<.t tin,' me..sL encour-
aging, so that I began to have some misgiving!/ my-
self, and concludod before I made a final d.*. rmlna-
tif)n. to lioll n eonsuUafion with niv wile, in wleise
goo.l srii-.. and jmlgmont I phi'-'d as much eonfi donee
a< 111 my .iwn. Ac'-ordin^l v, otc eveniii"- I 1

U't lae

!.''d
the sii'oject to \\i'\\ fairiv .md lionostlv s.-ffiu'^ forth

the a-Uantai:."^ ainl disadvantag"s whi(di would be
lik'dv to follow. .Mrs. [,. was a, farm m-'s dau'diter
and a go.HJ farm -r's daughter al that. Sh" \vas oTie
of those young ladies, whose sense of duty alwavs
led her to estimate tlie tw^w/ more liighK th in the
ornamental. She was industrious and frugal, an.i
willed ',{ a thoughirul and observant turn of mind.
ddie loss of her moth t at an . ar!y age tlirew ih.-
whole managenuuit ol Inu- father's large luaiseliold
upon her. Sin; improved tlie opportunity thus offer-
ed, or rather pressed upon her, not only by render,
ing herself f^imlliar witli the domestic affairs (jf her
father's house, but also from the fact of fre(pient con-
versations vjitli him in I'el ition to his firming opei-a-
tions, acquired a pretty good knowledge of the man-
ner in whi(di fio conducted them. She was thercTore,
no bad counsellor ; but one whoKc opinion 1 prefer-
red infinitely to many of those friendly relations who
arc always more liberal with their advice than their
money.

164

OOISIMITNIOATIONS.

l^r.iTr.MHf,

After stating the case fairly to hor, sh.' <iniotly re-
marked, *• Well, that the farm you think ul renting
is out of order, may not be denied. The house is not
a very conifortaljle one, but with a 1itfl.' iA^ yniir :is-
sistance I will (nvajjro to render it hal)itable at least.

The oats were sown, and the corn unj potato^
planted. My neighbors looked on and smiled atniT
verdancy, in hoping lu realize anything from that
soil without !n:nnin', niid T verily believe I too shoul,]
have doul)ted, but lor the hopeful spirit of my wife

A little economy and good managouK'nt will enable She was always cheerful and happy. Busy as a

beo

the liv(dong day, the house hourly grew more com-
fort!i))l(^ and srui;::;. The cows yieldeil a good supply
of liiHi., ulii.h her ready hand turned to lirst-rat.'
l»uUer and cheese. 'I'li" ;':ir'l' n \i'M.,l most excel-

me to supply our own table with vegetables, and sell

enough beside to provide such matters as we may

need to render our situation more pleasant. Tf you

will manage the farm, I'll take caro of the house,

ann if you^'u-ill give heed to ..n- of niv tath^T'^ !;• J b>nt vegetables, uliirli Nvlih tiic Imttrr un^l cheese

vorite sayings, ";>/o/r(/(v/';' I thiisk w shalllM' able ; wer.' readily .li^po^e.jinr ea-^li at ..ur county town-

to make both ends ne-et." " Kuough said," was my | '»'»"' chiekens too aeknowled-o.l i,,.,- iMsfain^. care,

only reply. Tlie laruMva. nntod aod a> iiiuoh >t,u k j ^^^d in fUrt every thlo- >ho turned h.r han.l t. a|>-

nnd ns manv implom-nt- purdia- -d :i^ ,.ur little cap. ' I"'-'i''ed to pro.prr.

, 11,1 \\ I \ r 1 1 . . . ('. 1 ..t A\ itli an anxious heart, however, 1 looked forward

ital would a'low. \\ ith liopriol Ip-uIs, uiv ediiluleut _ ivn^aru

v^o -r 1 ir f 1. . . . ; ,, 'rtl,. .M to the time \vhou I slioiild bo ;i],l.> i,, jud '«,■ uf thecha-

little wito aiel iiiv^'l!. took pM->c>,>:.tu nl tlie u»l | _ ,,

,. ' I raet(^r oi' mv Lrrowinir fi<ld eroj)s. The season wa?

larm. - , ,. . '

From a small manure heap (left by tho former 1 gooib and 1 soou h:id tho pleasure of ..ouiLMh,ma8
tenant) we gave the garden a good dres^ln^;, and at- tlouri>!rin;:' a-^ any o{ my ne.ghhors. and wh.n har-

1 , 1 11- ■ r ^ , « ,: . .11,- vested tlieV l>ro\ed to lie ('oUaUv IT'iod. |',i;f [\^\i

terwards a th()r(Uii:ii plowing, my \siie occasionall} ^'^^^' '> '" / I' . .', .

1 • 1 • . it » 7 M CI ii 1 1. v-x^.c Poiiiit iio( la^i loll '. i nad stron^j; laitii 111 the \irtue!'

admonishmg me to ''plow deep. bhe then took pos- toui i o i i i i i „

P .^ I t. it] .,,...,.,-,. f of de.'i) nlow ini: le-w : hut common sense tautrht m*'

session of it (my remonstrances to the .ontiaiN not i i -

.,, X 1- \ 1 -i. .,..,.♦;.(■.. . ,.,■ .»v that the time must come when, without .suinr kindof

withstanding) and very soon it gave sat i>tactoi\ ev-
idence of her skill and tastes.

But now came the " tug of war." Field plow-
ing was to be done for oats, corn and potatoes ; but
where was the manure to come from. ( hir Utile .stock
of money was barely sufficient tet pur< ha^e tlie actu-
al necessaries of life for ourselves and stock, until the
garden and fields w'ould produce their crops ; so that
not a dollar was lef for the purchase of manure. I
had not thought of this before, and for a moment T
regretted the step we had taken. AViih a heavy h art
I mentioned my new trouliles to my wii'e, \sho with
a cheerful tone i--iuai];ed, '^ /*/e//" "'''i'," this year,

George, aiel let us see the result." P.-a-^iire.] by her , . . , , • , . . r .„• u-tl, I

„, T , , *i r 'in what conquered its rankest sta;^e et <:^'^^u^ ^

confident manner.! -eared mv horses— three hue, "^^'"'^\ , , . . . , ,-;(•. mAttii

1 , , • 'iM 1 i turned It under, keeTiin;; in mind my w ilo :i mono,

stout hdlows— and canmenced plowing. 1 he ground ^^^^ "" '^ , • . • i , „ 1 th. fnlU-

. n vr 1 1 ..-. .Mr I '.,,!-'/"'""' '^"7^- 1 again ]mt It m wheat, and tli<' tmiuw

was in fine condition, and remL-mberiii'j: .Ml ^. li. > ad / / ^- i

moniti(m, I set my coulter dcp. Away we went, and
after a furrow or two, I stopp^^d to examine the soil I
had turned up. Much to my surpris<\ and I a--uro
you, sincere pleasure, I observed that it differed ma-
terially in appearance, from that turned up by the
former tenant

puzzled me for a moment; but recoilcciing that i '^^'.-, •> ■ • - r.utthislsf

*" ^ .. • , 1 ^1 senuence, the manure Innip grew also. i>'ii ^""'

plowed some four or five inches deeper tlinn my p!<^- ^'^'1"'' ' '^ . i

decessor had done, I began to see the wisdom of my
wife's advice, to '' ploic deep." I had found a manure
heap. My little knowledge of soils, (for I had been
an attentive readerof the only Agricultural Journal
I then knew of, the Albany Cultivator,) satisfied me
of this fact. Every round I made, my heart grew
Fi Miter, until, when at noon, I returned hom^ I felt
as well satisfied that I should have good crops, as any
of my neighbors who had applied their hundreds of
^oads of manure.

manure. 1 should be ^vor<e oft' than ever. My ma-
nure heap was increasing, but not rapidly enough td
furnish the supjdy necessary. My wheat ground re-
tpilied it all and more than all; and I know that
everv fork full I could make durin;-; the wint.T ^A^yld
be in-^utlieient I'm]- my corn ground in the spring.-
At thi- iuiietiire. my agricul'ural paper caiiio in a*
an advi-i-r. 1 h.id read witli mueh care and iiitere«t
an article on Clover, as a (enill/.er. when turned an-
• ler in its grecMi >tate. and at once resolved to /ry it,
as 1 had done the de,.p plowin,L^ Clover seed W»8
])ur(diased, and sown among the wdieat lat-- m Fe^
luarv, and as soon after harv 'st as I f)uad it to be

I

\u<j: season 1 harvoteil a line cro]\ I do notiinwr-
memh.r the average; yield, but know that it w:u- near-
ly thirty bushel:, to the acre. Thus tar tlilngslookel
so encouraging that 1 began to think of pnrcbasinf
the farm, and .lid so the ensning fall, at a \crylo*

,„, , , . 1- 1 . I rat(> \sthe extent of my arming operations eu

. There was a mystery about this, that rat(. .\. t e exi i j ^

, , . n • 1 . I ' lar'^ed so .lid tlie number of mv sto(d^, aiMl .i>ciw"

for a moment; but recollecting that i '^^ .-> > - I'nt this 1st'

r ..,. :..u.„ A..^.. .1,.. 1. .,.o. sequence, the manure heap grew also, but tin

I

ler fact, del not deter me liom pursuing the pb" '
had originally adopted of plowifvj deep and iumH
ill (jreen clover.

In concluding this hasty sketch, 1 w^nld romart
that it was pivpared not with any desin' en my f'^f'
cither to extol the merits of my better half, .t ruv^J^
originality for the method pursued; but .-nn]': ^
show that it is not so difficult a method, to re^^
what is generally termed worn out lands, aa m»».
suppose. By deep plowing ami green manuring,

18.52.1

rOMMT^NMrATIONS

if;r,

have hronglit my farm from a state of almo.st barren-
np.«<8, to what may be eonsidere(l a f u,- dcfrroo of fer-
tility. I api'ly, it is true, all ilio manun. I ^u maki;
(and Iassureyouitisnotalittlenu\v,)hutdo it in con-
nection with tlie clover, and tlie value of the system
may he estimated by the fact, that the average yield
per acre of corn for the hist two years, has been six

friend en-jiged a man to dig a quarter in Iht ^r,n,i,,,,
He /,,.„//;/ undertord.- to do more. ,,.(ri„i up s,an.. lino
young eherry and plum t.v...with liaii.bome head-^ at
halfst.andard heiHii in t h.ir third y,.,ar',..M-owth, and
ready to bear m another seas..n. The knife 8oon did
the work, ,and the M.^afl,,,. nf tiie owner may he im-
agined at findin;: noili,,,. hdt hui a plume of leaves

ty-fivehushels,andorwheattwen(y tivebushel.s.while at the Hummit oh the ,...ntral hr.neh ' Th, tn-. s • n

my ether crops are e.pially good. If the ,;nn. sue- I not ree^ver in les. than lour vears

,,.sattei.b my e,Ibrts whieh has thus far followed I A gentleman, who had plau;:] ,n orchard f.ur

, , 1 II ■ , .. , ^ • |.....i. ■. ,vii uicuaro lour

^^'■"•' ' ^'';"' '" !'''' V' '"' '"^' ^^'""^ 1'^^''^ f->.-, U-oars ago, told me hitelv, (hat althou-di he ...ve Ids
,n.la^acloMn;,,temI will mention, that the price I tre<.. the e/oW oov, hi. neighbor's tn'^.s planted the
r\'"'"' r".'Tn^'"^''"' •^"''y^';-'^^J'=^ve re- Name season, and receiving no att-uitio;.! save that

tliey w-rre protected from .-atth', had exceed, -d his i,,
growth tnd.ly, and were now strong, bramdiy, and
full .d fruit. iris lindrsf ,,uv-so it turne<l out^

, -., ^ i ^'''"^ ^ " ^" ^'"'"> "flf ;ill I<'aves ami shoots fnun the

to the truth Mfall. His farm, whi(di contains a little i ^^'"^''^ ''^^ ^'"T apjieared, in order "to strengthen the
over one hundred acr* s, is rapidly ),ecoming one of | ^"P '" this top, too, was formed at S fc't from the
' ' ' 'yin' examjile of

fused se\eiity five dollars an acre for it within the last
MX Ml- ntli>. Q i^

Frnnllin ^'"., Ati'j. 0, I S.V2.

[We kn.-u- th,. writer (d" the above, well, and testify

the most desirable in the c<aintv.
hi«* wife is one that mi-m oo ju-onrahiv h.llowed bv
thousands ..f farmers dau-hters. Ilcr (djservatiori,
industry and ta-t were powerful aids to our voun<'
friend in his struge;le for a competency. If young
ladies would hut properly estimate tlie advantages
which the economical housekeeper possesses over the
improvident one, we should peihap> find fewer fail

es.

-round. It sei nn'd stran^re that hhs rndghlnu-'s trees
naturally grew erect nune ue munu it impossibfe t
keep his fVom lopping down or fretting on tiie stak

A frnaid planted out a suite <d" idioiee fruits last
s])ring. All the trees were ;:rowing w(dl, many of
them, however, as is n-ual, having tlnir strongest
'-hoots near the ground : wh.n a nei;:hbor came aloie^
a man of years ami wi^dnm, and >tron;;ly advi-ed

ures in business, ami a vast deal mor(> of real happi- I ^'"''^ ^'"'•"' '''^"•^>1'1 ^'.V all means he cut off or the trees
nessin every community. Let it not he supposed I "^^'""^'^ ""^ ^'"""i :itop." My friend yielded ami suf-

that because Mrs. L. is familiar with th.' practical du-! ^"'^''"'^ ^'"^ ^'"''''''' ^^^"■'' -'""^ liandsoniely stru^-ling
ties of the dairy and -,arden, and manages her house- i '"•"' ''n^^"'^"« ^^^^S ^^^ ^'^' deprived of half their vital
hold matters with .^o much neatness and profit, that
heraoeompli.slinieuts md here. Far from it.' She

isjust as agreeable in th.' p.arh.r as she is han.iy in
tlie kitchen, ami is what we justly consider a model
farmer's wife.— Ko.J

t organs.

Ai; this is welbm(>aiit, Imt ignr)rantly done. I
I .lond know wheth.'r I e,an prov." the fault in a para-
; graph : but I would i»rge those who wish well to their
trees to pursue the subject, by reference to some es-
pe.dal treatise. If (,ne knows and sees clearly Ifw
and ?/•'/// and vlirn to (h, a thing, it can be both e.asi-
and W( ll-.lone : but working blindly, (aie works loath-
inLdy. In the ease of fruit trees ev{),.(dally, ths not

Summer Treatment of I<Yuit Trees.

Mr. i:mT..R:-As usual, at this s.-.ason, I have

l;UeIy witnes,,.d ^nd h.-ar-l of s<» many a<-ts of mal- . . .._.,,

aisaiice cenmiitte.l a-ainst the iiarti.ular <d»ieets of! h"owinir fnnr, k.'eps many fVom doing anything at all,
iTiy care and sympathy, (if you will pass this term '^^'" ^"•""i planting,-ahas \

J rem. jub.T once bein^invited to look ats-.m.- treis
received from a-reat distam.', great \arietiesand great
pets. I placed thumb and finger on the stem of on(> of
them whih' h.okmu^ at it. and tin; owner hastened t.)
inform me that lie ha.l b..'n told by the nursery in.an
"not to toll, h tin ni the fii-t siimnnr." "I hit not ni' ail-
ing it in a literal sense," paid I. "I .ion't know," he
answered, that is the direction T got, ami 1 w ish to
observe it elos.dy. Thi'^ w .as not very expli(dt instruc-
tion, and I am afraid I e,an lie but little more s.) in
the f3w more s'liteuecs ih.at I can .daim.

A tree taken ficm the 'jrouml will soon evaporate
into a dry stick, if l.dt exposed. But if the roots are
healthy and not injured by frost, and if they are bu-
ried in damp earth, they will imbibe moisture enough
to supply this evaporation (provided the stem is

'n the ease,) that I feel constrained to take up my
i-ustod pen and, despite the heat and w.arisom.aicss of
the Reason, end.-avor to s;,y.' snm.> that nii-ht other-
^».^e become xi,.tnns <d- a wn-t,died fate.

Ihese ill-used friends of mine ar.- "Fruit Trees."
'J'T trees! un.ible to resist or even to comj.lain, yet
^ver returning g(,od for evil, they need and deserve
t'^e intercessive voice of a fri.nd.

'' ^^""' "■'tMral bran.diy dress, they don't lo.,k ti.ly
Jjore eyes accust..med to tfm trim trees of tlie forest,
I" ^^^""^ ^^^''"li ch.Aed out of tindr lower branches

J each otdier's shade, and so they must bo lopped
[^ P^es and limbs, an.] <bat, generally, in the heat
'I t le dog-days ; because it is then that they are most
o^^picuously and rebelliously growing.

"t this killing is all done in kindness. A lady

1G6

roMM(^\ir'\r!()\s

N

twenty years past, and my observation and exporionce
prove RatisfiU'torily to niv mind at least, that the

not inordinately Ion- ) as we all know that water
does not run freely up bill- Tiio first warmth of
spring causes the expansion of leaves, and as soon as
this occurs there Uii rapid evaporation, proportionate
to the number and size of the leaves. To meet this
drain, new roots issue, and busily supply watery sap.
The quantity thus drawn from the earth and given off
from the leaves is immense. At this stage the roots
and leaves reciprocally increase each other— v/ro/ii/
roots collect much sap, reiiuiring man!/ Irares to digest
it. AVIiile luxuriant leaves digost s:i;> i;iM, and jMair
downwards iindor tb<> bulk ;i tliirk stivam nf jivpar-
ed sap, which depositing wood-f-nnin- inilt.r rvcii
to the ends of the roots, elongates and iiunas.-

them.

AVhen we transplant a tree we necessarily .ut oil
the ends of the roots, a.M mut first car." lou^t 1m^ to
re-establish them. Every leaf should 1- m -nuia-.M
during the first summer, for it will I.m d a rout, an. I
the nc^irer the leaves to the root.^ tin- ioto readily
will be tlie communication, and llic more rapidly
will the root heal, therefrom an.l ramify. If nv fin.l
the sluggish sap unwilling to climb as high up Oi.'
dry pipes of the stem as we couM \Ni>!u ^^'' <-:n.
shade the stem with straw and pinch off the ends
(no more) of the sprouts we would have checked.

We must have the roots in a good roomy bed of mold, u.. ux ^^ , „„ ,,09 with

and retain moisture and suppress robbin,, woods by a pruning wa.-its ro..t> w..- n, .^ .1 < ut t.. p. . s with
^k W wde mulching We shall tl.n have a tl.spa.b^o.hno.pccialiuanur.. w.i.n.-v..nMthA.
^::1 c^lts, capab^ next season of supplying indeed any niauun. and y. it w.nt .;n n.a.ng.ita

sap U) a naked stem 0 feet high, if necessity obliges
us to the disadvantage of making it so high.

The second (August) growth of a young tree is

usuallv the best, if the culture is good.

Newly plant. 'd tiv.s th.'U si. .ail. I be prun..l in the

ensuing Maivh ju^t a^ th." l.u.l> are .'xpanding" Older

trees may !•<■ prure-d at inid>unnn.M- with advantag<\

and over luxuriant tn.- sli-aiM b.' prun.Ml in August

or September Nvli.a. ju-t about cl..>ing their growth.

Plum trees an.MNvarfpoar tr.M-, ii't.M, raukiu growth,

are readily brought into bearing by r...a pruning at ^ ■■.--■■• ^- ^.^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^,,

this season, but other fruits have less vitality oi ..... - I ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^,^^,

Hundreds of orchards have been unwittingly destroy-
ed by summer fallowing for a crop of wint. r grain,

I must close this imperfectly, for want of room.

The evergreen described by A. >b b. W • is no
doubt the Taxus Canadensis, (American ^ ew or
Ground Hemlock,) and is well adapted to the pur-
poses he suggests . W . < • . •

I8r)2.]

COMMrNICATIOIVS.

iin

system of culture pursued at present has no ad
vantages over tliat f .11mw..1 twenty years ago. We
have, it is true, :i murli greater variety of poaoheR,
apples, pears, Sec, now, than then. Hut wo have not
as thrifty trees, n..r as certain crops of fruit. To
wliat caus(i this is to be attrllmtcd, i du not know
tliat I an furnish a satisfactory answer; but it han
occurred to in<' that grafting and bu.bbng, while
thcv may s.-rve to p.u-petuate particular varieties
with certainty, als.», servo t.t less.m the l.)ni;.'\ity .,f
the tr<M's. Twenty years ago, and as many y. ir,
further ba<-k as you plt'a<.\ but littL' wa^ kn.iwn of
tlies<> methods of producing a coutinuan.'e (,f purtiiu-
lar kin. Is of fruit. We n<'ver thou-ht .•! cultivation
al..)ut our poach or a]»pl.' tro.'s. Our ..rcliar'b wore
n.a pruned a^ car. 'fully ami cL.soly tli.'ii a- n- w
ami vet we ha.l what we cmisi.l.'rcd heavy .mmj.s of
fair fruit, 'I'lu' man who w.iul.l have f..l'-\ve(l the
plan reoomm-M"'''"'! l.v s^m.' of" our mo^t c^ idTiited
h..rti.-u1tnrists, wouM have b.-. mi laugh. M at for hi^
pain-, and \.'t I am scriou-ly inclinctl to doubt
wh.'th.'r th.' .dd fa-hi.MUMl moiho.l was not thn hest
after all. To show tin; grounds of my h.dief, look at |
the size and l)earing qualities of what I shall term
the ohl ladiionod peach trc, . It never knew what

strength, spr.'a.ling it< limh^ whh'r fV.Mn y.-artovear,
untiritstoo.l a giant, cmpan'd with th.> sickly spe
cimeiis of th.' present day. It se.mi.Ml to say.'letme
alone," and in r.'turn f.r the fori. earan.M" tc tamper [
^vith its strength, yhd.led us annually a ri.di liarTOt
of fruit. Have the seasons chang.-d— lia- the 801I
lost its fruit tive produeing 4ualities,or hav.> in..dern
inipr..vementsturmMl out to be injurious ln^t.•a^f

''''1 very mmdi foar, Mr. K.litor, that the hcaiitifuHj
written 'es<avs on fVuit culture which hav.' fi-m time

»

Has Modern llnrtlmUure Improved Our I'ruits ?
(querlv for the new school.)
Mr. Editor:— I was much [leased with the re-
marks of Mr. Garber, in a former number of the
Journal in relation to the culture of fruit tliirty
years since, as compared with that of the pres-
ent day. Although not a professed horticulturist, I
have devoted considerable attention to fruit trees for

ducin- a va>t deal of harm. It may be argued that
it .an'trees are not so longdived, or our frmt crops »
abundant; that tb.'>.' .lisa-lvantagos are compens«-
cd f..r bv the sup.'rior si/..' (d' many vari>-tie8
poaches, apples, ^c.,n..vgr„wn. ^^-^^^^^^'^
,litv of people prefer a large apph- t.> a Moalf one,
look at; but few will n.d give the latter tlcprefereD
whencalh.l totaste. Kxcessive feeding wdlsomet.n^
..oduce fat up.m the ribs of the veriest ?andf|A;
„,1 the same system in Icrticulture mav ro^l _
,,,U of im.reased size ; but who that luu^ev^S
en the wild strawberry is able to deteet the sligM«^ |
similaritv in flavor between it and ^^^^ '[''^ ,^
Hovey, the iiritish Queen, or any other of the b^^
n.ammoth varieties. While the one is rid n^^
peculiar aroma of the strawberry, the other is

>vh<»lly <lestitut<! of it. The native fitraw()erry pos-
j„,sses that d( lightful flavor which commends it to
thepalateof almost everyone, whd. Il.»vey's seedling
id a largo insi[)id fruit, beautiful it is true ; hut valua-
ble only on account of its size and heantv.

I am perfectly satisfied of one tiling, wliicli is this :
that modern horticulture is competent to produce
fruits of increased size ; but this enlargement is pro-
diicod at the expense .d" the fhivor of the liult .md

climates or situations not naturallv favorable by
grafting on another species more 'hardv ; us in a
cool climate and damp strong soil, by 'workin- the
I ea.di ..n the Plum.

d. To remh'r J;/7///certain kin<ls .d' fruit, hy -raf-
ting them on suitahle stocks of slower gro\vth\ us in
tJM' case of the iVar on the (Quince, tic Apple on the
paradise stock, Seo.

'). By grafting Moveral kinds on tho ^amo tr.>e, fo
he able to have a succeHHion (,f innt. froni early to

. - -- lato, in a small garden.

thelifeofthe tree. Now, wh.'iiior tho pmvhas.; is . ''.■ 'f " ''•'-'•'o t he h.. ,rlnir .d' >c..,lli,in- ^;l^i.■(ios .d
nndcar, i> a .pmvti..n. 1 do n.^t t.r. icn.l to MH>ak J'" ''."•;"■"' •'';.";'' ='> ^f" ;i long tim.- in pnMlmdng

,(■,.,,,., ir I • , . I ''■'^"' ''.^' ;^:'':'I""'-^ «'!''"» on til.' hraiichcs.d" lull <rn»\vii
hor^: hut lor mys.df 1 say, <!;i\v metlio mo.lium ! ..r Tn^.tn,-.. ) ;..,r *. 'p|,„, ., scdlin

i^toodcar, i^ a .pmvtion. 1 <!o n.^t t.r. -cn.l to sn.>ak J'"''."- ;"" "' •'^;.";'' :'>;»'•" ;i long tun.- in pnMlmdng
, , , r ir I • . I ''■'^"' ''.^' ;^:'':»i""'-' ln''iu on ih.' hi-aihdios.d' lull <rn»\vii

f.rother-. hutformys.df Isay,g:vemethomo,liumjor mature hearing trees. Thu. a s.M..l!inl^.e^^^^^^^
sized. \v. 11 flavoiv.l fruit, ami l.'t tli.;s<' \vh.> pr(dhr it 1 ^^^O'di would n..t produce fruit on its own r(7..t in a
tik.' th.' lar^'c hut m<u-e insiphl. j do/en \rMv^, will ^r,.,,,.,..iily in-uin to hear the third or

I presume, Mr. Kditor, that vou som.dlmes <n.t hold !!'"/"l^' '^"l'' ''" t"'*"^''^ "" ^''" "-^^'-^'^^''^y of the b,>ar
' * r, • ' M iii^r |,i-iin(dies .d a mature tree.

of the large green apple. hn.u,,;ht fr.ou the north The advantages of hud.Iing fruit trees, compared
during tho wint.r season, and s.d.l at enorm.ois prices j ^vith graf'tin;:, are so con^idoralde, that in this coun-
ts) (jur J'eople. I don.; not know th" mmm • hut [i^'T^'^''^ •^'"'^ times a^.mu.di practised. These are,

d»kn<,w liMt in„n,. ta..aclc,ss .,,|,I,s I l,.v,. n..vn- xn,^^""!y^:/.':^UT^'l^ "",'' "''i''' ^ ^^ l-'-l-nn..,! ;

. '/. '" ' I 'I '^*^i!'i<il l.mld.'r. With a (h'v. r h.>v hdlowm.' him t<»

with, let their size secures th.-irsale, an.l thesam.' /'' tlw hmb. h..,!,;j ahh' t.. w.uk fn.m a thousand to

may be sahl of m'arlv all the ex.-.vs.lvclv lir^c. t^^'dve hiimlr.'d voung mn-MTv stocks in a dav. lid

may be sanl ot n.'arly all the ex.-.vsMv.dv hir'-e J;^' i^'' mimir.Mi young mn-MTv stocks m a dav. lid.
fruits. " " [^ '" '*i*'ie cuu\ciULiiLhca.sou at whichit 16 p- liw, niru.

irVi • 1 • 11-,. in all countries whore a short sTodii"- <'r.»wds e:arden

If then, m conchKion. nn-d. rn h..rt .culture is able hih.,rs within a .mail .pa..-. :;.I. I'^ne^ aide nl pU
to produce fruits oniv at lh(> .xpense .d' th.dr flavor ; ''"nn the operation uithmit injuring th.'^^to.dc incase
—tho longevity oi tin; trees, and tho certaintv .-f the ' "* linhir.", whi.di i^ always m..re or hv-- the case in
crops, it may be asked of what benefit ha^ all its dis- i ^V;'-\^!' '/'l'''^ ;'"^\" '"•; ;;'-afti.,g. 4th. Th.- opportu

crops, it may be asked of what benefit ha^ all its dis-
coveries been? The old fiishioned fruit groW(T will
answer, none\ while the new fa-hioied .oc- will
claim for it ev(M-vthin

nity which it affords, wlien por<»)rmed in g >o(l season,
of repeating the trial mi, the same stock? d"o th.'se
wo mnv iid.l tll:l^ 1,11, 1, I'll,. r ;. .i.i;tw...c^..,n,- .....,( j

•. *v jr.. 1*1.111^ m, Lii.ii '<\\ uh; ^ul^e mlock. lo in.'Se

re may add that huddln- is universally preferred

I shall, howcvr. he pleas.Ml ' '"'''" ^"^ ='" """"" ^''■"''^> ^"•''' :^" I'''a.di(>s ApricotH.
, P , and the like, as tlo-se n .luire extra skill in •rraftin<r,

.nooatesof the m MJern svs- i. ,.*...... i .. 1 1 1 .-.i . '^ ^

tohearfr.)ni any .d" t h.' ad\ ooates of tic m ..lern sy.-

tern who may think pu'op.jr t.j su.->tain its (daims.

K. F. Tn.»Mrsov.
Juniata Count f/.

hut are hud. led with great ease.

Trri^^'ation willi thv Siphon.

Mr. KiUToK : ill a recent numher (d vour Journal

In this age -.f horticultural pr..gross, friend T. which I rea.l u itli pleasure^ wh.'n it c.mies in my way.
you will scarely lind many supporters ..f your doc- | I f.und an arti.h' on a mo.le ,,f irrigating plant's,
tnno. A huitting y.oir p..siti.oi that hu.hling and i which th." writer .hums as nri^jinnl. 1 take the lil,'
•:rahni- have th.' effect .d' sh.u-tening the liv.'s of onr'erty (d' copying the hdl.,\ving fn.m the I>.,rt F(dio,
'r"ittre..<. wo think the f.dl.Aving advantage... enu- | vol. \ for bMT, puhlishe.j in Phihuhdphia by W.'

'nTat.d hy Downing will more than meet your oh- ' Harrison Hall. The article is larger than necessary
jectiDiis : . , . , , . , ^ / ' -^

to 1)0 copied by me, and j)erhaps you can refer to the

to 1)0 copM'.l hy me, ami j)erliaps you can refer to
A.r-r haviii;_r obtaine.] a new and (dxdce kiml of original article, which is accompanied hv two wood
iruit, wli;,.!i i,, ,,ur han<ls is j.erhaps onlv a sinule ! ..^ts
tree and Nvl, ;,.],, -L^^ ^,y 1j.^^,^. .^I,.,,.^,j^, ^,_^^,;ji^ ^,^,]^j^^j^ •

produces the same from seed, tlie next inquiry is how ^ l^^l-^^l'''l>l^^<-^, ^^'^'J^-^t i'J, iSo2.
to continue tins variety in existence, ami li.'w to in
crease and extend it, so that other "-ar-h^ns and coun

rrinu mn^T • ,. '^. .

t) rr\ ■•■111 iivdiiy ,111 \ .11 u Lnjo. (uoei ii) ( ( 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 o o i .1 1 c iienc'ii ii> iin" iium upon me

orl*n]l^ ^^"^^^' '''" '^'^'"'' ''"' '"'""^^ "^ tr.M'S, p,a]-)iall_\ fountain join.aple, 1 (i,.(l a small stone to oni; end
\\oii(V ^ .^^^^^^'"' pi'ndmdng in two or three years, ))y as a vN-eight to sink ii when immorserl in the water-

fin fT'"^""^ ^'-Jtfnng, a new hea-I, bearing the —' '- '"" *'•-• =-- ♦' * ' ' ' ^' - " '

i 81 iruit, on a formerly worthless iroA\
fruit ^^"^^r certain ihreign and delicate sorts of
tK '' ^^^^ ^ardy by grafting them on robust stocks of

jame species native to the country, as the foreign
fc ^pe on the native. And to produce tine fruit in

ii» «v v»t;i^uL LO .Tiiov II \^lle|l mnuerscii m uo' waior ;

and dropping this into tlo' p »t, I passed the other
end down into tln^ earth, by siratidiing th(> mould
gently away from the root, and giving tin* siphon a
spiral direction round it, covered it slightly with the
replaced mould.''
"In a short time the earth became moderately

J

168

COMMUNICATIONS.

[SKPTlMln.R

I

1852.]

rOMMrXK^ \Tl(i\S,

If)!)

moistoned, a fow inchc's rouiul tho root of tin; plant, in which it siainls. Wliilc, on a number of occoHionn
in which condition it continued tl»r<)u;;h()ut the heat i ^.^^ v\lieat in other parts of tho fioUl wag much iniur'

r»f tho djiv without njirchiiitr or HcaMinir ; tho fiiphon , . , . . i. r • ,, *

oi lULua^, wiiuoui |).ir« nm;^ iM n^ j^ , , j by siuut, a strip, oxtonihnp; in a south-eastern h;

Hupplicd the demand o( the plant,(and no more)acool • . , ., i „ , / *'. ^^^'^ 'i»-

succcssion took phvce throujrh tlie efftrts of evnpnra- rcction In..., th- tn ■. tlin>u-li the whole held, and

tion ; and in a few days the vino became llourirthing, just about tho widtli ol the tree was entirely free

and outgrew its nei^h))ors." from it. Will sf^me nf our correspondents exnlain

I have ro! eatedly tried this experiment with ^ood i „•,„„,_ .,v,.,., . r„ i ^

effect, and think it capable of extension in a jrarden ^^^'^ «^^^^^»1-^^ ^^^'' ' ''"• I

or nursery by placing troughs Iho whole length^ot a
bed."

[If our correspond(^nt will carefully re-peruse'the
article in our last, whirh Ic :i--rrt- is cliiinuMl as
orlf'innl, bv the writer. \\r \\\\\ iind that no sucli
rluiiu is advanctMl. \\'<' ].n'par»Ml the article
ourselves, iVoui I'arts i'urnished by our friend
ill Lancaster, and altl!oUL;h an entirely new ex|H'-
riineiit t.. him a- \\'il as ours»l\<s, and i:onse-
ijuently original with liim, nnihinu'; more waselaimed
for it than the sim|d<' fact tliat th<" t'XjM'riment had
been tried, and \n i- successful. \\'c. ho\\r\('r, thank
our correspondent for the attention to the subject.
and as he appears to be pretty \nc11 "booked up."
shall be pleased to hear Irom limi iuore frequent-

ly.-Ei..J

Smut in Wheat.
To know what an evil is, is the lirst and essential
step to accomplish its cure. Smut is tho diseased
residum of a totally destroyed grain of wheat, bar-
ley, oats or com -.—and tlie disease may be eonnnu-
nicated to any of these soimd -rrains, by brin-;in^the
smut in contact with them, and if it be alrt-ady in i pr(»cumbens) is almost as abundant as our white
contact with them, the >imple rnn'Mly is to wasJi If j c]ov(>r. and appears quite as ]irol)h'matical. It first

A i<i:i»i>v.

A rr])hi f<< ihc (n-'imin nt (t'li-tinr, ij hpforr the Vnion
T"irnns/ii'p A'jriniUuiitl ( 'htl>, on Ihc Iransmu-

tiltioll <>f' Wli'lt ilttll (' /iKlf,

Mr. Prksidfat, 1 will not attempt to anulyso tho
(lifTcrent positions assumed ])y g<'ntlemcn on tlic dth.
(>r side of the (iu(^stion, or reply individually i, tiio
deductions they have arrived at from earcfully ,,|,serT.
in;^ the freaks of this common Weed. The /;^•/.. pr,.,
seiited !ire no less varied and myst"rious than arc
daily pr(\sented, in almost every dcpartmi'ut uf the
vetretable kingdom.

The white (dover a[>nears undeT eircuuistanccs I'ar

plant on our farms. It is a native of South' rn Eu-
rope, yet it is spoken of in AVatson's Annuals " ai
tiu'jiutj ihr rodd .sides as d iKifmii/ ]>r<>'Iu((ii>u" as ear-
ly as 171'.*. T have seen it spriiii; up and cover the
ground the third yuar after ilio forest had been clea^
ed oir. where not a seed of any kind had ever been
sowcd bv the hand of man. In the South, another
varietv, called the j/'iloir or /mj) clarrr, (Trifulium

off, AVith regard to all other nnu^dics which Ave
have tried, our conclu.«*ion is. that their merit consists
in how much washing is to be done in their a]>|ilica-
tion. The <lestroyed n;rain of wheat in its original
sha]U', the blasted liead (»f barley or oats, and the
),lack fun;:us matter of corn an^ all smut, each of its
kind, and each will be efr(>ctuariy eommunlcat.'d by
contact, to its kind. I>''t the exi)erimeiit be tried by
rubbing the sound Lorain in ^mut. and it will be tound

made it appCLirancc in South ('ar<ilina about i^"<j;
in a few years it will bo here, a^ well as tlimu^zhuut
the AVrst! Another sp-^eies ol clover, and the car-
doon, ])oth from Kurope, cover the Pampas bctwoon
Buenos Ayres and the bars of the c(»rdilleras for the
distance of ISO mW)^^— Knnj doped ia of Geixji-vphi
vol. 1, page 24S. What makes these facts mure
mysterious, the seeds of clover are not particularly
constructed to maintain their vitality.

\nother ]>lant that y.ai jire particularly faimiia:

that it may bo so cifcctually doii(\ as to cause a ]»n

duct of more than one half smut ; whiNt a j.ortion ' ;vith, is the l>ilfer weed or rag weed, (Ambrc^ia aru-
of the same parcel of grain, thus prepared, n ay be I misiiufolia ) which is very common anion- t)ie stulr
so cleansed by washing, as to make a product entire- ■ ],i,> ^ffT a crop .d" wheat, and if the wheat is winter
ly free from the disease. We have no sympathy for | kill,.,! it often takes entire pofcsessioii of the soU;i «
the farmer who complains of an injury t<. his crop | ^^..^t season, however, it ,o;enerally disaap}Hars.

■" ' fo.rf,iiI grass (Setaria glauea) is another plant ot ihe
same nature. As soon as the soil is well set with
grass, these weeds disappear, and if a good sod covers
the ground and remains in that condition for 20 years
these weeds have not been observed, but imnvMliately
aft.>r a ero]) of wheat they very frcpiditly aimo«

cover the ground. . . i

The common mullein is another of these periodica
weeds. I have seen it spring up in old fields after tbej
had undergone a rotation of crops, but where them^
len had not been noticed for many years before."

by smut;— the fault is his own ; and much h ss for
him who complains of the trouble of preparing clean
ggg^^ Fredk. Watts.

Carlisle, 12th June, 1852.

[While on tho subject of smut, we present a fact
communicated to us a few days since, which may
prove interesting to some of our readers, and of wlTudi
we should like to have an explanation. On the farm
of Joel Lightner, sen., in Paradise twp., Lancaster
county, is a large cedar tree, which appears to exert a
singular influence upon the wheat grown in the field

1

I

T|,e second year after tho *' front ridges*' of the
Bald P^aglc have been farmed, this weed generally
jniikes its appearance in great profusion; It here
Hcenis to follow the thistle, (Cirsium lanceolatum)
this plant beiutr alundant the first year. The
manner in wliieli the thistle seeds get here is no diffi-
culty. This is the breeding place of the liliie gdlow
iird or Americaji goldfineh, and the seeds of thistle
are their favorite food.

'l^lic pigeon weed is another plant that oft.u mukes
its uj'P'arancc anion;j:; the wheal where it wa^ never
(ilxci'.ed to i:;row before, and often on new land in its
tir^t d'ort. 1 knew it to occur so abundantly on a
piece of le'^v land in XitLany as tt> almost destroy
tlic wheat, and its appearance whenever certain '
ii,dd> are sown with wheat is familiar to you all, and '
its disanne.Lraiice with tie,' wheat is almost aliuo>t as

gen' ral.

These plants ar(! all fondgners, althou;j;li consider-
ed by i^"""'- ("''^ intimately ac(juainted with the liis-
tory of I'lant-,) as natives.

Although the occurrence of these plants is an ob

ject of curl"-ty, they bear no comparison to our na-
tive plants. The fi'rr (r> < d (Seneeio hleraeifolias)
appears almost universally after a white pine forest
ha.s been cut and l)Ui-ned. 1 have often -rrii it so
thick that it was no easy task to inak* way ilirough
it. The seeds are perhaps carried int" the firest a
len"!>criod Itefore. 'Vlio snoir htrd, chieadee, fiiirft^ and
CTos.J't!/ huiM in these dense thi(d<ets, and line ti.eir
nests with the soft pa[)pus of the lire weed ; by this
means the seeds are carried into the forot. If thes»^
burned woods are permitted to lie wa-te, a <rrowth(d'
wild chcrrie.s (cerasus Peiin^yivanicaj cumes next.
These seeds are planted by the above named birds, and
perlians by others; next comes huckhdierries, moun-
tain tea, ite. These seeds are planterl by the bird that '.
feed- on the cherry, and these seeds they drop. My
ohservation on these plants has removed tiie mystery
that Miic" So formidablv presented itself to me.

Sill! ihere seems to be a regular rotation. ^\ ith
^vlleat We have (heat, ]>i;j;cou weed and coi-kle ;
this is tullowed hv ra^; weed and foxtail gra^>. and
this again l)y white clover and the gra— • <. When
a hemlock (Abies canadensis) forest decays, the
pitch pine take its place, andi when this forest decays,
^liite pin,, takes its place, and this is the last of the
pines— oak, ehesnut, and hi.dvory follow.

i*r. Dwight, in vol. 2 jiaire 110 cf ]]]< travels in
New England, says the lands which lia\e been once
cultivated in Connecticut and again permitted to lie
'Waste for several years, yi(dd a rich and line growth
of hickory, although there may not be a single tree
m any original forest within lifty miles. lie also
t^lls us of a field which had belonged to his grand-
father, containing about five acres which had been
cultivated at an early day, but abandoned, and a
growth of white pine sprang up, covering the field

and retaining its ligure e.\actly. The original forest
was oak and chesnut. I knew a similar fact In
Morris Township, (Clearfield County, and aictlp i- m
Clinton (^»., on the jiroperty (>f I>avi<i M.ii>~<'n, ne;ii-
Washington Iruu \\ Orks ; in both in.sLaiices the origi-
nal lijrtjst was oak and eliesnut. Facts similar to
these are every w le re abnodMot, and m;iny (d th"ni
are of as difficult a nature as any ciieat story we have
ever lieard, whdvt tho knowledg<» of a mere circnni-

Stance often de\o!Mj,H the Vvhole secret. 'file lleV.

l)r, Kobi^on, in hi^ N .-niral 11 isior\ ot W'estmorcdand
and Cnmi'crland, tells us (d a irrove of oak trees
which were known to have sprung from acorns that
had been plante(l by the crows J.'> vears befoi-e. The
licv. l)r. hwight in the work I have referred to, ridates
a circumstance of turnip seed growing after laving in
the ground for LlOyea'-s. He aUo states that from the
dirt thrown from a ditt h on the east coast of Knglaiul,
th«'re sjiran;:; up a great quantity of" white mustard.
After many ^■chenl"s to account f'>r it, it was found
that the l)ut(di had cultivated mu-tard there 2<H) years
before, lie also instances a case in which clierry ♦'•'•e^
sprang up to all app"ar;inc"s-pontaneou<ly ; but upon
examination tin; seeiU were found in tie* ground iu
irreat numbers.

The <anii' autlio]-, \ol. 'J p. HI, relates a ease in
point. A farmer of tiuilford; while re ipinj; a tiehl
of wheat f Mind a quantity of clieat whi«di wa^ bound
into bunilles to be u^ed for fodder. It was thrown
together on a headland, but a wet spell j)revented it
from being taken home, aiid it was permitted to rot
where it was thrown. Thirty vears after this, this
headland, where thi^j (dieat was thrown, was grubbe(l
out and phiughed, and uti the very sp'ot a crop uf
cheat sprang up.

The farmers are familiar with the fact that in cer-
tain spots and certain fields, (heat is always tiie most
abundant. 'Jdiis has been traced to tluM)riginal for«>st,
or a certain tree or (duster (d"tre(>s, being tiie roost-
ing [dace of certain birds. The little (jiiads or part-
ridges eat (dieat, ]>i;/eons, ftirL'i/s, and almost all gran"
ivorous birds eat it aNo. Many persons suppose that
seeds ta,k«-n into the .stwnia<di oi' birds will not grow,

but tliis is a mistake, "for many s N when carried

to adistance from their native country iiave generally
refused to vegetate until they have passed through
the alimentary canal oi' birdN*' — Jiarfoics FdciiK nis
Jjolaiig, page 1 (')(). " The seeds of the nn's/l'tor are
first swallowed by the thrush, and then deposited
upon the boughs of trees, it may happrm to alight
upon. It is even said that tho seeds (d Magnolia
^7/aMca refuse to germinate till they hav(^ undcr<:ono'
a similar process" — K- bill's liolaiiKnl Lrxieon, p. 1 \'-\.
Prof Jacfpiin says, the birds, after having c-aten tie;
seeds of tlie 7."yt/?A//iW.?, deposit the seeds on the most
lofty trees, whore they grow. Uumpiiius asserts that
tho pigeon disseminates the tree Nutmeg in the East
India Islands. Wild pigeons have been killed near

i»f

170

COMMi:NW \ 11* )VS.

i'-«ir*nu-4%««MK«««9MiKr|

'^^HPTri.Tiru.

New York with thoir crops full of rico, wliich was
collected ill the plantations of (Jcor^ia. — Xuf/all's
Ornitlwloyij, p. 7<'>2. The robins deposit the seeds of
the 7)oAt, elder, and many other Tiuisane(^s alon;; our
fence rows. Tlius the best authorities from all (piar-
ters of the f;lobe can be brought to sustain the fact
that the vitality of seeds is not destroyed by passing
through either birds or beasts.

The doctrine of eijiiivocal (jeneration, or tliat tli-
earth contained the principles of vegetable life — iipon-

If we closely examine a seed of cheat w«^ will tirid
that it contains a skin which consists of two mem
branes much thicker than that on a grain of wheat
on the inside of this is theyJ/rZ/w, calhjd in IJotanicai
language the alhnmen, from its analogy in situation
and oflicc with the albuuicn or white of an eg"- which
surrounds the cmbr^^o chick. This is diflVront in
character and quality fromtli-^ ^^ina in wheat, asoverv
farmer will t-'-fify who has tried it {>^^' fVed ; indeed
it i'- iw't \V( rtli t'C'ling, being aliuust in<ligestil>lo and
w 111 Ml I'll tt '11 \vliolt\ gi '111 -rally passes thrnn;:li tli<. orf^r

ans

tdneona (/encraflon^ or that plants spring up aecibtit

ly — an<l "transmutati«in" 'ir ! liat plants p.i^^ fi-mii niic iiiicliiingtMl. Situati'd ni'ar the base of" tlu' farina is

tu anutlicr fV an criMaiii caii-.v havi' all iiad thfir a little sac ealliMl tlu' rilrlhis, and in this is tin- rm-

fifi/o, in the clicat a ni'M-e s]i(^<ds.,an(l in l»ut ft'wiil.im^
so well guarded for maintaining its vitality.

This einl)ry(» is the wliid^ plant in miniature, t,r

d ly. Hut, if -^ue'i tii'iris \s-.'re nvillv fn-t^, there
Would lio no end t'» n^'W conildnations and no eiTtain-
ty of finding to-morrow tin- spo(;i«'s you have lO'-t with
to-day: but such is not the fact. AVe find -p'cii's to be" th(^ eonipleti.' epitonn^ of the plant. 11 we ••xmnino
permanent an. i mn lianj;ing. d'inTi' n<'Vii' lia-^ been 'a horse (dicstnut, or liiirkcyc as it is sonictimcs ciiJl-
found a iKnv })lant springing up witliout tin' intcrvt'ii ; oil, we ^vill find the (Mnliryo plant bcautifiillv funned
tion of a seed or uf a germ, and probaldy there n«n-er ill all it~< parts, and in tlu' si'cds of the Sjmphm
will be, 80 long as an un-dianging Proviihnice lailes ' 7/'"////^'''"', and in tlmsc (d' the tuli]) tn •', tli<^ eniliryo
over the world; for even belore man, every vegetable I leatiets are vso similar to those of the adult vegetable,
germ was created; and fr"ni tliat pi'i-i.>d cmm-v p-T- tliat Linn;iu<, mertdy from an cxannnation (d these
feet seed contains an organized living body capable Icalltts, was onai)lt'(l to deti'rniim' to \Nliat vegetables
of producing a plant of the same kind as thai ironi tlei seeds Ix longt d. Aincrnialus Academica, void,

which the seed originated.

It is true, there are a few hybrids ; but you can on-
ly produce hybrids on species of the same gtnus. No

one hasever succeeded in producingahybrid nf apple itv, and all the natural agi-nides ner-essary to (ipi'rate
and pear, or of gooseberry and currant; and it is only a cdiemical (diange, the soi'd g<'rniinat<'s. At fir-t a

Des\ iL^O.

When ilic seeds are so situated that they attain the
required amount of moisture, warmth, light, electric-

}»;irt of tilt' farina is dissidvcd and niix^Ml with tho
oily partiidi'S w liiidi exist in tie' seed, and thi.> 1 r:;.-;
a sort of mollitying iuie<', and tlii-i produces a slight
<hMrree of fermentation, and this is the commence-
nient of germir.ai ion.

.Mniost every })lant seems to rcvpiire different d'-
"■rees of sonit> of tlu'ir natural agencies, or perhap:^

the crossings of varieties of the same species that
can produce permanent hybrids in herbaceous plants.
All hybrids of ditlerent species, except in \\oody
plants, and these can be perpetuated by grafting, re-
turn again to the ty]->e of one of the parents in the
third or fourth generations. (Sim* Kodr(nfc)\ Ih Can-
dolle^ JJiidlcij, Kni'jhf, mill l\>il!i, on this sulijeet.)

A\'heat and elioat are diffei-cnt species of tiie same ])lants might lie (dassiMl so as to explain the period!-
genus : but spi .-its (d' difierent genus, so widely sepa- oal a]»pearanee and the natural rotation of the growth
rated, that no li\brid fjetwcen then can evi^r be })ro~ of plants on tlu'se grounds.

dueed. Wheat belon-s to tlie genus Tritieum, of j A seed of wheat, if favorably situated, will vo;;e-
which there are about t;0 species — cheat to. the genus tate in a single day, yet we are informed that wheat
Bromus, of which there are 112 species. 1 made a take'ii from the hand id" an llgyptian mummy, where
careful comparison of the two plants, wdiich was pub- it must have lain 30U0 years, germinated and grew,
lished in the lOth No., vol. 1st of the Farm Journal, | and sprang up as if it had been the product of the
p, 3lU. Here you will discover dillcrences that no year ])r(H;eding. Keith's liot. Lex. ]^. .'VJti. >\ heat
accidents ordesign can ever reconcile. But (dieat is sowed in the fall oft(>n lies until sju-ing Ixdorc it f^or-
a distinct plant, found growing in a wild >(aie in tlu> minati s. A parsley seed requires f<n-ty days to ger-
south of Europe, and our cheat presents all tlie same ; mimite, l)ut it has been known to lie many years in
characters in detail with the native plant of Kurope. an old garden before it germinated. A walnut seed
Now, would it be at all probable that any plant would lios in tlie ground a year, and a pappau seed two
change by accidental causes, to exactly correspond , years. Many seeds will never vegetate if they are
with another plant, and that a great variety of causes \ permitted to get dry, as the horse chesnui, some et the
should always produce this same degenerate plant,
the seeds of which will grow and produce in turn
seeds after its kind ? This latter fact, I believe, is
not questioned by any farmer who has any preten-
tions to the observation of facts.

mapLoi, etc., whilst others enn be kept in the dry for
almost any length of time without destroying their
vitality, as wheat, corn, all the peas, sensitive plant,
&c., some of which have actually been kept from 60
to 100 years. Some plants will not germinate when

ic.'>'?1

rOMMTTNIPATfONS.

171

>me -**" »!■*'*•'**»■■■*■ WWJW^TK-*' ■f»«r--t-Mi^

buried deeply in the earth, as pu-s/afie, whi(di will | has been known to get master of the wheat entindy

mlr germinate when near the surface, yet it will
nreserve its vitality if buried deep for many years.
lUaek oats grew vigorously, after having laid deeply
buried in the soil in Scothuul f<»r half a century. Sec
Barton. I have known carrot, poppy and white mns-
/ar</ seeds to lie many years lo the ground. Some
seeds will only grow when immersed in water, as
several species of butter cup, water p pper, eel grass,
and all the sea Aveeds and n any oth"is.

ji,-, (Irav i'«niark>i : " Si'i'd lairied d''ep In the soil
beili"" reni"'^'''! li'»in the influenee (d" air and light, ti"n, the stem idongati'S and ri<es ujiward, and in due
'iiid subj'et'd t(. the uniform temperature <>{' the earth, time ilevidops leaves, Idius the sei^l has in itsidf, in

and take exclusive possession of the soil. It is a most
prolific l)earer and ripens from 5 t ) 10 days earlier
than wdieat. Tlie President of this sixM.tv han li d
me a root whiidi produ(;ed eight^'-two bearing stalks
on whi(di we found above lOOO seeds; these on a second
crop would be suffn'ient to seed several rods sulH-
ciently thick to choke out all thii w heat.

In eonelusinn. 1 wi>^li to impress one fa<'t, and that
IS that the plant i- in the s(">d. IMie root gives the
first iitdieatiun- of liff. It t

ak'S a d'lW ii\s ani uirec-

uften preser\e their vitality for many y<'ar<, and ar
ready to gr^w when brou;^lit near tin; surface. Thus-
when a wa-te field is cultivated, plants <d'ten sprin;i
up whirh hav(> not been kn(»wn to grow in that situ-
ation since the neauMry of man, and sjiecies foi- many
years lost to flori-t^, oei-asionally spring up oai thr
sites of old botanic gardens." — (/r<i;/'s ilh im ///v.
The botanist is familiar \n ith the sudden disappi ai

an undevidi'pi'd state, all the essential (trgaiH of ve-
getation, ddie h'af is the expansion of the bud, and
all the appendages (d" the jdant are hut niMdified
forms (d the bud. Contraeti-d it is the shinirn^, a

•

slight modiiieatioii tie- y//v///.v and a still more eon-
traetcd conilition, the serd. from the hud alone
we can raise a juadect plant. As tie- subjfid (d" veg-
etable idi v>^iidipi:v is now iind'T'-ti H (d, all the laws

le

ance ol manv plants, ana pemaps aiier uh- lapse of i wliich govern .mu . ..mrol these ci..inu,' - .«..d devel
many years they will suddenly appear again asabun- opments are plain, distinct, :ind intelliirild.'. but tl
dantasever. The Ct'm^Y^/r/aurii-uhita wa>n..t hamd at i ii-dmissinn of the thn:trlie' «d' '' </"/'ii< ralf I i<msiiuil,i-
West Chester from l*^ 10 to 1m!7. Flnni (\sfiir,i, p/ fion^' \\\\\ destroy the v\hoIe, and a confusion will

exist that every stalk of wheat and cheat will i- fnte,
when subjected to the scrutiny of scientific investi-
gation, d. M. M'MiNv.
fniinivilh^Juhj rn, 1S.V2.

(iapes I'l Chu-kcns.

Mr. h'.nnoit : 1 observe that several of your cor-
res])ondent> liiive suL'^LTe-sted remedies for the gapes
in chickens, \\lii(di are, no donht, very good. I ha\("
a remedy, however, wlijcdi I am induc'd to preft-r,
mainly because [ have tried it so fre(piently und have
SiJene nivea' was lost to botanists in I'enn^ylvania for noyor known it to fiiih it is this: I take one half a
iiiaiiy yiars. but 1 found it a few years sine<' near teaspoontul of cordial, which I ])oiir down tluMhroat

307. In 1835, the riatunthcra ubiculata was found
in a woods near West Chester, for the first time, yet
the ground had been diligently explored by g^od hot"
agists f)r 20 years. Two years before,! was on the
ground every week during the summer, but n-'Ver
saw a vestige of it. In H 1"., the \ iuhi ha^tata dis-
appeared from a hi'MlIty that 1 know, and 1 have not
seen it there since. in IshJ, th" St. -bdmswort fail-
ed to mak" its appiaranei- in !*i'nn-yl\ :inia, but in
1845 it suddenly a]'peare<l a>aliundant as ever, 'i'h''

where Muhh nlx'r"' had found it. These faids admot
i-h us to recci\.>the transmutation stories with great
caution. Smuh' jihints are c(»nfined to certain loca-
tions. The tree pink grows on the i-]e of Crdi : the
iVaible Cocoa nut nn the Ish^ of Pra-^lin : the thrift'
Bcurvey grasses and ruse root in ro' ky and stony
places upon the tops of the highest mountains, and
the shores of the ocean, vet not in any intermediate
places. The (hiddia- is found among flax, the raneer
root uteh-r beach trees, and tie- jiarante have their
peculiar location ami ni\ <'r appear any wliere else. —
The Geologist acquainted with botany can often de-
tect the formation of the buried strata by the plants
on the surface !

Cheat grows among wdient, rye, timothy and other
grasses, on all soils,! believe, and in all climates
where wheat will grow. Sometimes only under cer.
tain circumstances, at other times it is found every
year. On a small spot on the Rev. J. B. Meeks' farm
it appears every year, — its usual locality is with the
wheat or rye, and if two crops succeed each other, it

of the sutfering chi(d<, when the mouth is opened
wide, so that a portion may he taken into the wmd-
pip(}. This cause's more violent gasping or coughing
wliudi dish)d',n's the worm and relieves the chicken.

1 raise a gr(,'at many (diiekens, and hefbr*.' 1 flis-
covcred this remedy, lo^^t a great many by the gapes,
but none since. Some of my neighbors recommend
grease or oil to he poured (h)wn lln^ throat of the
clii(d{ instead of cordial, and it is said fo oj)erate with

good elli'ct sometimes. **• S*

McLcllaiuhlown, Fuyi IK en., Ptr.

[The remedy suggested hy J. S. may !•<■ a very
good one, hut can |)rove serviceable to our readers
only when he informs wdiat kind of cordial he uses
for the purpose. — En.]

For Youxg Cattle am» Horses. — ^Tix occasionally
one part of salt with fur parts of wood ashes, and
give the mixture U) different kinds of stock, summer
and winter. It promotes their appetites and tends
to keep them in a h(;althy condition. It is said to bo
good against botts in horses, murrain in cattle, and
rot in sheep.

172

COMMiMCATIcn'S.

fSKPTKMHFn,

The Priictical Furnicr.
Mr. Editor : Yoiir last Joiirn.-il ^mve some inte-
resting' references to a ^rood Chester County farmer,
who spent mucli of his life in the cultivatiuii ul' the
mind and hearty while he also cultivated the soil. —
HavinfT done what good he could in his day and f^en-
eration, he went peacefully and (juietly to his rest,
and it becomes those who follow him, to honor his
memory.

It is fortunate that he left a son, fully eompotont to
the task, who has fdu 11'] Iilm^flf ab])' to turn a>i(l(.'froni
super-abound in<r care in his jirot.s^it.n, which puhlir
confidence reposes in him,t(uiiscliar;i(' this sacred duty.
I'ariners w ill thaiils- hiiii for prc^'iitiiiir to them so fuly
the pattern of one of (Mir early, successful, and intelli-
gent agriculturists. Philij) Trice w;is one of the
first decidedl}' inipi'oving' Chester County farmers,
and no county in the State has gone ahead of Chester.

The memoir from whicli you have furnished ex-
tracts, confirms trauition.-, winch the writer has otlen
lieard, tliat at tlie time of the revoiuiion, ami aiicr,
the original productions of the soil about West Ches-

timately, enjoyed his friendship and appreciat.,! "
worth, was that popular Essayist, Charles Miner-
general favorite of farmers and of Friends; whore
presented UiaL District in Congress two snrcecdin
terms with marked ability, and Kornre,! ij,,. .-(hirhnfr
confidence and correspondence ot" John Quinc"
Adams and Henry Clay while they lived, as he had
before long enjoyed that of Thomas P. Cop*- and his
compeers whom he had met in our (»\\ n LiHrislative
halls. Mr. Miner was one of the most active, intoL
ligent, an<l efficient promoters of the Ai^rriculturril
Society of which Philip Price was the first President.
and through the columns of the Village* Record, did
much fi)r the good cause. Some of th(> letters i\f Dr
Mcasc which appeared there, might be repuhlislud
now, with profit. The first b(\autifiil things ot' Bryant
the poet, we evf^r saw published in Penn.sylvaiii;i,an
ode prepared for an agricultural rejoicing, w hadi ha^
not since been surpassed, apj)(^ared in the Record in
['-'■JO. Vou have a copy of this ode.

These few remarks are intended as introductory
to what Diaries 'Miner said of tln^ excellent man

t«.. Ko,i Kr.r»r. «^.i.... ♦ 1 fi ♦ c. ' i\ ( wlioscMuemor ill 1 by his son has recentlv apDeared."^

ler nacl ucen exhau^iled — that larms m tJie region ^ -^ - ii"-"'^"';

when he died. ***♦*>».

round, now cultivated like irarth-ns and worth from
one hundred and fit\y, to two hundred dollars per
acre, were little better than sand fields, scarce worth
cultivating — that Philip Price was among the first
to introduce improvements by the use of Lime and
Plaster, the rotation of crops, and the irrowm"- of
clover. From Osborn's Jlill, one mih' South of his
old homestead, the eye takes in an horizon of some
ten miles diameter, say from W(\'<t ClH\ster to Chad's

Extract of a letter from Charles Miner, Esq., to
Eli Iv. Price, Esq., dated March 1, 1S37:

" In a long intercourse with the worhl, I have nev-
er met with a man who united in himsidf so many
claims to esteem and love. His aspect was so hviufi-
nant, his manner and addrt'ss were so mild and cii-
ijanfinni', that the bosom seemed to open to inm ,n
confidence before he spoke. Then, his clear mind,
sound understanding, and benevolent heart cninnunided

to do

1?^-^ ,.tK;^u «-^^ „* ^ 4" 1 I respect, inspired confidence, and enabled liim

rord, which presents more snug larms, improved ' , ' , i .> n

'so much L'"ood amoii'T his fellow men.

nearer as they shonhl l)e, more* agricultural thrift and
comfort, than, perhaps, any area of similar extent
in this country. Many of them a re enclosed and di-
vided by living hedges. All have substantial, com-
fortable dwellings, large stone barns, neat stone

Extract of an article from the same source which
appeared in the Wyoming Herald, soon after.

"Philip Price was descended from a very rcspoc-
table Welsh family, amcmg the earliest settlers in
Chester county. In person he was tall, well fbrmcd,
of excellent thouGfli not robust constitution, lii^

spring houses — and few are without water in ev(*ry
field. Within this horizon, a few years back, there countenance mild, intelligent, and pleasmg,his move-
was more than one cultivator who' had his hiindr.ul \ "^^"^^ dignified and easy, and his manners and address

remarkably bland and prep<3ssessing. The mind of .Mr.

thousand at interest, the proceeds of tilling the soil
with his own hands aided by his sons, trained up in
the way in which ilivy shouhl go. On this spot, with
such w^ell informed men as the late Judge Tlopkinson
and Judge Baldwin at his right hand, tiie writer has
taken this survey, gone over their detail, and been con-
firmed by these close observers in the result above
above. It would be out of place to dwell on the his-
torical associations which the spot calls up, it being
the position occupied by Lord Howe at the battle of
Brandywine ; Birmingham meeting house, where it
commenced being in full sight, and the bill north of
Philip Price's being the place at which the British
stopped to refresh, before the battle.

Among those who knew Philip Price long and in-

Price was well informed, his judgment clear and
strong, united to an intuitive percej)tion of character,
and a ready a]>])rehension of the right and proper m
all matters of business. Though seeking no distinc-
tion in the walks of public life, it was iini)0ssible but
such a man should have extensiv(^ influence in soci-
ety, lie h.'id. And as duty led him, it was his pride
(if that word may be used in connexion with his
name) and jileasure to exert that influence lor the
benefit of his fidlow-men.

*' Mr. Price was among the earliest, most liberal,
and ('nlighteiKMl of tho.se who broke in on the old ^■'^•
hausting method of farming; and took the load m
introducing plaster, clover, lime, and a proper r tui-
tion of crops, the four grand pillars of improvement
that have raised and sustain Chester county as one
of tlie most rich and productive districts in Pennsyl-
vania. No one had more influence in the excellent

1^52.1

COMMrNrOATfOXS,

17.?

:ietyof which he wa> a member; because that in- 1 groat drawback. Were it a hardy percnueU U
cnce was ever e.xercieed wisely and pru(b'ntlv, in i „. 1 1 ^ j • ^ , ^ p«icmnai, it

,ngg(K)d. On MM eminence, in a most n.mant.c '''' '^'^''*^'^^ '" ^'"'''' value even tie P.eonia.—

soc
fluen

doing glKM

situation, overl(X)kinL' the fertile hills an. I rich me;,. -^^ ".h atput imh has l!it(dy liecp -lirMt..,! i,, improve-
dows, along the Brau(l_\ wine, his mansion was situa- i »"•'"'-'" t ii" Hnlhfhi>rk^ whlrhis likrdv so rival the
ted, fronting to the east and south; en fhiselevation, Dahlia, u iih additiei, n| bar.

hi« spirit seemed pure as the air he breathe,]; h,s Mowers, oxcoodingly double
mind appeared to expand with his exi)anded vi(.'W,and i ,, • , ,,

Semi vpij,,,-;,..,]

iiev-v.

with cl.!S( 1^ iiiilirieuted

petals, with ali the various shades of deej) and H-bt
rose, salmon, chirei, deep crimson, brilliani i. d. pure
white, ,^(;., &c, have been produced SO ci(>s.l\ park, d

his spirit was bright as beams of niornin'j sun.

Friendly and hospitable, it was (bdightfiil to visit
there and share in the converse (d" himself ;(,i,i bi-^
amiable and !iife!liu-(.||t partner. Afier edncatner b-.

, , ,1 ,. ,' M ;. '"" •' '"^ "■■- """""•'"■■ -"-'n, Uiat a -re,. 1, I. •;(! ran SraiV^dv pern

children with caie, and seeing ..,!1 ,,t tie-m ha|)|)ilv lu.tu...,, fl, ... i r • • -' I I'

..ttlcd.and most cd" them n.-ar him, Mr. and Mrs. ^l"'"'. -nel sm,.e hm- ^:,ne,e.., ha^e ^^na^n

Price, inipre»<-,i with its great importance, and ta- """" ''''^ '"^''' '^ -^'ngh' lhi<;lish culti\atorhas an
kin.^M parental and livtdy interest in the improvement I *^*''''' '*' ^'''^ nursery devoted to them, Oim) beiu" in
of tlie riMiig irem'iMt ion, accepted the situation of splendid bloom at one time. -/•>.

Superintend' tits of" W'est-Towu School, where thev

•eiiiniiied for several years. '

•■ A' the age of 7d, having spent ;i i;f,> ,,f useful- '^'*' ''f^F^^^f-f^vr. Cinni.Kn Thkfs.— In the April nnni-
ncss and virtuous enjoyment — for there no\cr lived b<'r of ihe Foni/rr, pa-ie l'_!',i, d. H. |, of Ka^t Drti-
a Imppicr man-H.rrounded by chihirei. and fV^ends, | bmiout. Mass., in.p.ires if ...v o'f v^air'eorresn.ndent^
amid the prayer., and blessings of a II who kn-'W him, i,,,, ,.,,, ,, ...^„,.^,. ^,,^„.^ ;,,,,-,.ave be.m .inlh.l
tho good man, like the sun in a mild summoreveiiinL'-, uu'lleti.

full of Christian taitli ami (Jliristian hope, |,,st to our
sii,dit but not extinguihiied, sinks caliniy aud sweetly
to rest."

SiLiuiLR FOR Oka PES.— Hubert Sinclair, dr., Ksi^.,
writes us to say, tiuil :

"The flour of sulphur, dredf^ed on grape vines,
will effectually prevent mildew, and other diseases,
that the grape is liable to. The dredging should be
done wh. n th.,' dew is on, or nft^'r a light shower i.i
rain. 1 test-d lie- ab<i\e fullv, and ha\e annualU Hw vkf Aimu.i.s. — The (ienessee ran,,,,^ pf.itcs

healthy vines, and good crops ufgrajiev. Tiie sulphur | ^hata 1 )v. arf api)le treo, seven years planted, and L< n

1 II him to take out a bhjck of wom,] extendini; into
the f.ark above and below the i^iiulc, and Lake from
the })ody or limb of anotb.-r tree a bb,.dc enrrespoml-
in- in si/..' and >hape. v.itli the l)ark (.n, and adju-L
It m thr plaee. and biiel it th.a-e, on the prineipl,. ,,f
eiigraftin-. I lia\.' r"enmm.aid"d thi- jdan before,
nnd it has proved com[dete)y successful.—C. Moore,
Port Clinton, Michigan. — Genesee Farmer.

is also an excellent, active manure. A dv\\ south-
east exposure is best for grap-s ; soil dee}>, w. 11 ma-

years old, tin; tree not over three feet hi^fh, [jreiwin't
(m the grounds f)f Aaron Mrick.sijii of Rociiest.r, pro-

nured with well decompo^'d manure, bon.'s, fi>h. I 'hiced a Fall Pippin si.ifmi i/ic/us in cirenmirrence

oyster-shells, lime, &c." and wei-himr luunlij-sir oinivfs. '\\\n ,,r \Uri'^^ oij,-

ll- thinks alsothat the disease might be as effectu- ers wer.' nearly as large. Apples grow rather lare-er

ally prev.nt^d by oil of vitroil, (sulphuric aei.i,) say on dwarfs than on standards. There is .)ne intereM-

the following p!-'. port ions, sprinkled on the vines, viz
i water, i acid. — rrain'r Farmer.

Colts. — Ihe breaking of a colt should cf)mmence
before he is tv.-.m y fntir hours (dd. Handle jdm fre-
quently, make a pet of him. liridlr him voun'% and
the winter when he is two years (dd. place a wagon
saddle on his baid:, and buckle the M;irt loosely. Take
it off at night, and alter didng this a few times, add
the breeching, and pnr-^ue this eourse with all parts
of the bavn-vs until th,' who].' is familiar \Mth him.
-I hen add the wbippletrcc, and while a careful piT-
Bon leads him, hold back so that he may feel the
pressure of the collar wr br-aMplate gradually. If
he IS high spirited, so much tiie better— if you do not
heat him. ij,j resolute and firm with him, but not
abusive.

on dwarfs than on standards,
ing (juestion in coiinoxion with this subject, tJiat we
would liked to ha\(; answered, vi/ : At \\h:\\ price
could such a{)j)les, thus eiown on dv.arfs, be !itli>nied
her bushf 1, as a gi./ier.il av» rage ll.r seasons and cul-
tivation ami th(! cost of a crop per acre, and tJie corn-

paratue value wiLli other apple.-> m mark"t. Alh.

Cultivator.

Hollyhocks Coming ox the Stage.— The Dahlia
18 a superb flower, and is rendered more desirable
t>y Its autumnal season. But ita tender roots aro a

Primm; in A« h.mn.—TIh' late S. W. (^de,
who strongly reccommended anfnmnal piuniii"- for
fruit trees, says, " Tlnrty-two years ago, m Septem-
ber, we cut a very large branch from an ajjple tree,
on account of an injury by a gale. T'he tree was
oM, and it has never healed over, hnt if i< n.)w
sound, and almost as hard a^ horn, and the trfje per
fectly hard around it. .\ f"ew years before and after,
large limbs were cut from the same tree in spring ;
and where they were cut off tlie tree has rotted, so
that a quart measure may be put in the cavity" —
Alb. Cultivator.

t

i

r
\

I

OREEN CROPS.

f'*^Frn MHKR,

1 ^52 ]

(ircen C'ropn lor llaiiurc.

IJV JAMES GOWEN, MT. AIIIV, I'll I lAHKLrHI A.

A. J. Downing, Ksq. — Dear Sir: On the ncoro of
Kound ttracticc in a^ijriculturc, rather than of" ('((urtesy
to mo, 1 claiin t\w ])n\\\v^(^ (►!' saying a Wdnl in ro
lation to the PtiicturcH in your hi«t nvuiilx'r, upnn my
remarks on "(ilreen CVops as a manure." I <lo not
complain that you took occasion to animadvert upon
anything; you iound Avorthy of notin;:; in my A;j;rieul-
tural Address, at liancaster, l)ein;j:; well aware that it
was perfectly at your o]»tion to sin;:;l(> out for com-
ment, whatever you mi;^ht deem ohjectionalde. —
AcknowhMl^ini:;, also, th:it f have no ri;j;lit to expect
every one should concur in my views, upon ;i niititr
as suscoptihh* of a ditferenc(» ol' npi lioii, :»^ the r<\i\-
diti n of farms and the p.i>it'hin til' l.iriners diller —
the circumstances li< iii.:; liie I'ul'' Itv whu-h to deter-
mine the necessity ^>v pinjuiety (•!' tuniiii;:; in a crop
to serve as m mure.

In my address, in \vliieh tlie turninii; in of jrreen
crops was merely incidental, it cMuld not l.e exp rt'd
that the special cases, justityini: a resdrt to such
manurinir, could lie enumerate,! 1 caild hut deal
with the sul»j(M^t in a ))road and >j;eiiei-al seii>^', ;iiid
from a lon*^ and close observation on ihe pruclive of
husbandry, a sense of duty constrained me to (h*-
nounco the custom of raisin;:: crops to l)e pl(i\\< I un
der, as "time wastini]^ and land cheating!;." ^«n ime.
not even yourself, Mr. Kdittir, cati hav(* a hiLcler ap
preciatiou of vegetable mold than I have, and 1 elial-
len;re New York, or any firm in P'lin'-vlNania, i<i
show better sods on uplands, after havin;:; yiehled f.r
as many years, heavy crops of hay, than I can now
show upon my place ; and may safely add, that 1 have
yet to meet the man who would rejoice more in hav-
In'i- su(di a sod to turn under, when it becomes neces-
sary to break it up : but with all this appreciation, 1
would not ndy upon it to brin^ me a crop of ^rain,
{Httatoes, &c., without the addition »>! what is known
amon;jj farm(TS as "barnyard manure," n-iwith-
stamlin^i; sutdi a sod would be richer and niire en-
during than the " scant crops of partly ^r^wn clover,
buckwheat," itc, which I pointed at as unworthy the
name of manure. Had these fields I have mown for
some seven or ei^i^ht years, been laid d^wn in IS.'',,"')
and 4, with only clover or buekwle'at. and tic like,
turned in,wi>idd tliey, :is th<'y diil, have yicdded forty
to fortydive bushels of wheat to the acre, as first
crops, and cut ever sin e close on two tons of fine
hay, on an average, to the aero?

Assuredly not. In the course (d' twv) (»r three
years at farthest, the crop of clover <;rowin:.^, would
be n^quired to turn under, to serve as manui-e for a
p:;rain or some other crop, involving iireniatunly thi'
labor of breaking up, seeding, d'c; and what would
be tlie condition of the hind, and the character of the
crops, after another two or three years shift urnler
such a practice — I allude to such soils as we culti-
vate? It was in view of this system that 1 said, "in
whatever place it is practiced, liowcver strong the
land may be at the start, the system, if persevered
in. must 'inevitably bring the land, its owners, and
the country, into a state of poverty. No good hus-
bandman Wi)uld think of pursuing such a course."

If the address had been fairly read, its general
bearing and scope properly considered, it might, per-
haps, saved you and others from drawing the infer-
ence, that I held clover and other green crops worth-
less as fertilizers. I never so thought, nor did I in
tend to be so understood. 1 knew clover would in
Borne degree serve the purpose of manure, and so
would potatoes, wheat, rye, barley, &c., &c., but I

knew also that these, as clovcjr, would be costly and
but indifferent manures, compared to barn yard ma.
nures, peat, and putrescent substances, which if not
us«!d to enrich the land, would become pestilential

nuisances; for we must luive cattle and itlicr live
stock — while (»flal and other offensive matter woulj
be constantly accumulating. Insisting, as 1 (]i.|^ nrnm
the crops going to the barn, to be; put to tiuar proiH^r
use, and the offensive matt(Ts applied, as thov should
be, to the land ; and in this, who shall be so uiithink-
ing as U> say, I was wrong? Moreover, 1 had U-en
grieved to pertteive a germ of (piackery ^i'i*iTii:irijr un
with our efforts atscienlilie a-iienlt me, and uhi|,»j
att''inpled to awakf'O the goo<l iarniej-s i,\ Lancaster
to a jiriiper ^plnt <d ini]ti"o\ finent, 1 tnok oci'asi,,^
linshandnnin like, to caution tlean against uostruiii.
and hunibu;;, uri^ing a (diiei" reliance upon the clioaf)
and excfdlent manures so easily obtained in nf|,j
about their barn yard aiul ju-eiulses,

'fo the (pn'stion whetle'r 1 hav<! seen the statcmont
of Ml-. MoKK, in regai<l to his jireniiuin farm — j an-
swer that 1 have ; and, instead <d" condfuinin" hi*
priictiee. have simply t(» say. that had 1 been in h';.
situation, I might, jfrhap^. ha\e resorted to the saint.-
means, he had recourse tn for the iinprdveiiicnt of his
land. Ibit did .Mr. Moi;!; depend sid'dv ujm.h the
luiaiiiiL': in of irreeti <a"<ip<, peiidiiiii; the preco'^ of
i'<'ni i\ ai I iiLL 11 . i pi'^niiie ne hxmi miier iiianiires,
wliiih with gyiismn. aided in rotorin;^- his f'ann to
good condition. Ibit this case, and ethers I have
heaf<l of, «h» not affect the f(>rc(^ td' the injunction
against a persevering system of turning in green
crops as a substitute for manure. It may bi; that this
very land that Mr. Mon^ found so wretchedly impoT-
erished, when he took possession of it, owed much of
its ]:)overty to his predecessor having followed more
(doselv the appliances <d" (hivei-, buckwheat, ttc, bj
way (d' inanui'e th;in Mr. Moki: did -one tliinj: at
h'ast is certain, aiel ihat is, the inipeveri-lini'iit wm
net owiirj; In the fornn^r owner or t-nant ha\ in;; hcCD
too liberal in tin; applicati-'ii id baiii \aid manure.

Now tic bi'-t wa\ to le-f the soundiuiss of IDT
views, as to the syst<'m I so <leprecate(l, would be, for |
soini' one ha\!nL!;a farm in such good comlitiona* ,
.^lr. M(u:k's is now found to be in, t<» follow the green
crops thoroughly for five years, discarding thevul;;ar
practict\ if you please, of husbanding barn yard ard
stable manure, 'fo note tin; seasons consunicd in
raising the crops to !)e turned uinlei-, \o jiroducc lli"
"carbon," "o.xygen," "nitrogen," itc.,— the simoc
pure fertilizers re(piired to grow the wheat, ryt\ cere
|)otatoes, vtc, t^'c., for the barn — to keep an exact :i<
count of the \alue of the crops so leai^ed, together
with the sum total (d the expenses of the farm, and
then to exhibit the net gain in the *' yellow boys' i
that are now iin<ded in '* Mr. (iowen's" ears, tocon-
vince liini of the profits resulting from the turiiinjjin
'■reen crops instead of manure ; and if sueli a pV^
teni, on sindi a, fann, at the end (d' five years, l<^ave! ,
the purs(^ w(dl filled and the land in as higlu eiulition l
as al tin; b(iginning, I shall not only itonfess that » }
was wrong, but bii willing to pay a premium of hiL
the value of the farm to the husbandman who hiw ,
worked such a miracle. |

Let it be reniemhi red that it was such land,>
this, not worn out land that 1 l,ail in \iew, as maj
(»asily be perceiv(;d by my remarks, for how couM t'''
lan<l be brought " into a state of poverty," that haj^ f
not been rich, but in poverty already ? If, Mr. rA^
tor, you will take the trouble to again glance at U»e i
address, from which you have predicted that if Ip '
ou at the rate you infer I am going, I will, a^ ^^

.^PANrSFTMRRfNOSTTRKP

^fty, *• demonstrate that there is no warmth befr(,tten
l.yHunshine, you will be led to believe at least, that
1 am in but little danger nl' (healing in mo(,nshine
^ our obedient servant, I \ m,:s (i,>vv k.\*

Mount Any, Phdadclphia, Juhj j'j//^^ \^W1,

IlEMARKS.— We like the straight-forward sru'rif of
Mr. (ioWEN's remarks, and find by then,, that in il.o
.,;n point 'It issue^ we are entirely agreed. That is
say, that if Mr. dowen simply wishes to aflinnMrtt

175

We print on the pre<.d.ng page a spirited en^nw-
.ngrcpresent.ngtlief,,,,,,.ed Spanish Merino .Sheep

~KMnported by S. W. .Icw.t, IOs,p, ef Weyn.on,h
;\ andnowinp<.^^^^^^^^ ^

.— t.onofal who heh.dd them. Mr. de.vett is well
l-"wn a. one of our largest importers of improved
Btock,and.snowonh.swaytotheCVmtinentLM,n

P-poseM

'■""''"".'^"^^■"'^'•'^l'"-''-"^-hiehwetnistwil|

^^''''•"- very nuportant one f.,- t he fnends ., i.,,
lY<'--''^;-^l-d'-'-ed.n,,hn,.u,l,out,he<..,,,,,.

f'^y ^; ' '"17;^ =^'"' • :-Y <'^" =nnn.ai remains '. \ fur obse.-vin;, then, \^u^J^7 '"^'' "" ''^ "Id-nunity

No. by the annual deposit for iiundreds ,d- years, of ... - '^ iMiiaiks.

ui

to

there is no comparison in tic value of l.arti n n .f ma

nure for keeping a farm m le:.rt, and '-n-encn,oV

;,P say Amen, with :,ll n,,,. |H,,,a. .\,. ^.rson ha' \

firmer faith ,n t le- Nalne.f harn.-.an! manure, than

ourself, as we l„|,, ve that with plenty of it and the

KM-.wh.d-" huw^ to u^e ,,, one nii^d.t sn.ih". even Ht the
bottom lands o| the west. B„t, as Mr. (iowen will
net deny, that the said butt. .111 lands are the ,n,,M fer
fd.- lands 1,1 .Amen. a. will he d., „s ti... fav.u- to ask

vegetahl.^ remain^? Assntvdly. \atur.. has h.-.n
[.lowing m pv.ai crops ev.ry year, on those b..ttoni
lands, till th-y are most undeniably ri.di.

Sofarwe think Mr. (iowen will a-ive with us—
that there ,. v.w,. ir, decaying and decayed vegeta-
tion huried in the so, I, whether in tlie shap,. of ,do
ver'ph,wed .....r oth.-rwi^e. H.it w.. no. suppose
from reading his nanarks, with whi.di lie has fivord
us, in the above commiini,.ati..n, that we have proh-,
bly misapprehend, d l,im in another wav Mr ti.>w
H. IS not only a good practical farmer, 'but an 'excel-
ont teacher o husbandry, and in IN-nnsylvania and
th. Mates southed it he notices that fanners m-deet
tluMrbarn yar.l manures fo f.dh.w tli.> new fuH.'.l
f^mciesol l;!-win:, in ::re.ai,-rops, using mineral ma-
miro, k,. il.. aecerdin.Jy tells tln-ni that -n-een cr..p.
under such circumstances, are not w.^rtlMle Ir att'n-

.on,wh.choughttobed..vot..dt,.th.. pennan..nt.m-
^lcd.mento theirlandsl.yt

Ami the advice is the best of advi.-e. We l.,.,k upon'
l':irnyardmannp. a^ the .,,ii,i („,i„„^ j

OTsum, bni.«._.yc., as th.> paper curren.y of hi.:
''•I" l'.y. but m many parts, we wer(> <r,nwr p, ^.,,.
in-t parts, .fth.. cuntry, t!ie bullion li s^lvrce-i^

-V :.hehad.nyeryl,mit.Ml.p,antities--soth^

e t|,.,,i „f the farm lands can be well nia-
'•"'•"i^Mtli it. In su.di a conditi.,n of thin-s a far
;:;:-^ '•;-'''- to mend his land and nohose Ins

Id IV t'w '";;'"'' ""^"^

tlivh] r'"'"' '* ''' '"■^^-^'•'■'^ -.ndition,if

w K^^^^^ tinrn yanl nnuiun.,

r n'i ^; . ^'Z ^^'''^'^"' ^^''^^''^ everything,'but if we

• n t get enough of ,t,,hen we must not d.^pisc wlcit

S V d onh'^y n "^ r''' '^''-' InisbanJmen ha!

ahoU^ll'v' ""'''• ^''''''''' ^'^>''-You may make
ruH: ? • ^''''' '"^ ^^^^ n.inutes. Go " ^

"\V.-

'p:

in

the

1 ]iose
'■•Xeept <^rii<s^

^'';:'i^f. and vet

I

lUrn him o». 111 ^ J '■";-• ' '^'H'eLiiiie-s

\LJ,lr, <^"m" 'ilonK." W.tl, H„m,0,orHeH it in

"«°« will cause all horses to follow you.

' «lsll tlliis.' nr.illl- IV 1.1,1^ ^v\.,. I

r..r(in,..:n,i,,KLl...,,„|,|vi.i ,,:,'•"'■ ■^''-^■•^^«t«

r.-.„lly i,„|„„.(,.,| (,.,„„ ,.•,,„„,, I ':'"' ",7'^""-|'

111'. I.-., il,... I, 1,.,,.,, „ , ■, " ''^ 'lifli.-nlt I,,

.''"'• seen tlii'iii uiidcrsi,.,,! . I

lllHll.rlls,. ,|,.,i;,nlV llWAVrPp III,.,,, ,,„| .' '""

i"-^i-i"i.- .■■1..', ',";'', '■;•

as if thev l,:„| ,,asture,r„„ -, ,1 'or ^"^ '""'"'''

ties in u inter. Uhm-;,) I,; .^TVo. ''''''i? ''',"■
same eare anj feeil as",l„. l.Jei,!^,.s "V ,', J*'"^ "'?

"'"'■"'■'■"'■'''" •••'•'■'■•■■--'I- ^^ ,r.r^

•■IS lai-u'.- an. hravva.- ., I„ll .„■ „. .I""! about

tl'i''kui,l, i^aV„v,.a,,,l l,,.N,„- !,,,,: '^'■■/■''fr'l
•T'^l' 'I- ',0.0. TI,,.,... i-. „„■,.' '■■"'■V';' tlie

-■a.- .■.Mrava.an, ,„ „„,,p„.„ '/l,, t; ""

'■'""■'"""s l|,.,.,.,.s ,|,a, ^ir,.af,-il„„,,r,„,|,„,„
"-■s,.ual Ml-. .\I.,rs,.'.s|,:,.,,. I,;,,! ,,„i;.,.,j '
.iinl liay siii,-,. (l„.ir iiii|„,|.|aii,,M ;„

;;;".:."i;;;,;i"i:;7;,:;:;"" s,v";;, : ; :>■

:::;:Xs;:i ' ■ ■■ - "- " '":;:':-,

■'\\,. I;,i,,\v v,.,-v w,.|l il.al ,1;,. (r,,,l, ,..;il, , 1

tl.n.,. wl,„ lu,„w „„,|„„.„F .1,,.,, 1" '";",'"""-

,.;ufH;,nri;:;Ji:;t;;;/L;-:^,;::,;^;it-;'«-

■■' ;l- ;•"■';-" kin,l, ... a, Mvineeil OnnV

-n. ,„,ro,|,„.,.,n ,.| ,|,„ „,„,, ,,,. , .„ „,;/-;'

w,ll«o,l.a,„.rl,.,.t,-...„|,„i„„ i„ ,|,„ w„.,l-Kr, vi ,•!

■■I all ,„-.,,„r.,„n ,„ the inereasifof troul,!,, r,?)"'
pense. N,,r .i„l we wonder that the iiron, iot, « | rt^
refused what sounds like the extr'tvU./,, V 1' c
?r,5(, ,„. their best stnok sheepr^'Tlnh'tirr,',;
cnterprme, whether as reipoets the value of tl„. i,,
pnrlatioM ,.r (he sueccss of ll,,. i„i|„,rfer, iu ,. '

■;"■«- 1- '■■"■"-''■ ''V .ien,a;,',i't;;h ViZp":

sleaMv inoroasing, a,„l already e.xeee.ls the supply
For the handsome illustration which follows this
arucle. and for th,, article itself, wo arc indebted to
the puhliHhers of the PI, n.h, Loom, and Anvil a
^grk wiO, wUicii most of our readers are familiar'

176

SPANISH MERINO SHEEP.

[SppTt ^nu f{

1^52.]

V «

nORTICULTrRAL S()(MI:tIKS.

CI

rcnnsylvaiifa IJoitiruMinai Society.

Tho stated mt'ctinnr of this Society wns held in the
v^.iinrso Sal(H)n, Pliil;i(l«'litlii», on 'J'ucsrlnv Pvoni..,, # n

:^u.u..l7.h,-l)^.\V^]).Jt„„;k^■,\■ ,.' f.^rS' v„not?7,7 «; ''r 'r',"'^-' '--l.-.s.,f ,. ,,,„ek

There l.ns „„t b,....„ at a„y Conn, r ..m-c-I. ,,: ; r ,^ I ^ S;Ao j'n'i,- ""''"':?-'^ ,'" •''"""'* *'"-''■"'■
month, so tin.- a display of Ihiit.s as on tl.is„e,",s m ' J S , I , ^*'^''^"'' J ''"■ t'"-' second \h:>.i u, A

The co,npetitio„ was unusually spirUe.l, , ZtZ ' vht v 'S'v ni" u'l ';'''m """ ' "^'^ ""' '-^ '"■='
,„„„.o lor awanlin. preu.iuu.s soldo,,, |,ave|,ad S tho In;" 2'. 'v ';';,'; ^"^I'V" iV.f' •^"■'"' ' ''"

from h'T'}') ''"/'''"'', ''"^'=«' •""' ""-'^ '^nuu-.U.

•• . ' . -J ■ I""' w, .11111 ijh; coni-

niittf'P lor a\vanlin;,r pnMiimms soldotn liavohrul tlioir
|K)\vors of (litJcrimination more tliorona-l,ly te-ted — -
In (irapes there were some ten cont"ril)utors, who

the seeoud best (VVhi.o Tok,;;)^,;'winia;: J .'is -
iVec/«r„»..s— r„r (l,o best (i spoounous (the N,' L.

|:,ble.sof .he Soc'ety. Tl,,. H,.,!. ii,^>^::^'r^^\-V:^^^^^^ l'l,„nl

,„„,st beautdul. OfNect.,,.,,.-, ,|„. |{,,, ,{,„„.„ S^J^p^y ' !">l.M,„r fiaff,.) t„ Thns. f.

.),own. or i>...Mi„.s ,i,„,., ,v,.,-,:a f. w 1, 1 .V „'. I v' s , '■;';'''';' '''■■^^ (-'"'''''''^''^ i:n..h,.,i,),„

particl.rly line „f \Va,-dV_,|,.. ,reo rais,M ,:/, KclflNH ..,''''■ ^^P"'--^"^ the l„.st 1, .If
|„ Mr. .•,,,.•« „-een,,„„s,.. The d,sl,..s l.^'l^Z To jth,,' l''vi <,;;:'"''^ "'"' '"^ ""' ■^'■^■'""' ^""-' "••'^'''"■)
wcru vury liiiMicnuis and of iiiaiiv vari.'ti.v^- , I r., ,..,.. /.;.,.. ' .. ... ,. .

wcru vury liiinicnuis and of inaiiv vari,"tirs; ainoiicr
thrm wure the R.inr^ ClaiKh-, Fln.shinir (;..,, r,., jj,,,,"
Jmiji Ma;.--,,!!!,! Hcnuiii, (iUJish, W'ashiiio-I,,^/ ]\l',^.
belle, .Maiiminih and nfh r kinds. 'J'hr taFdc (V i',>,-i'rs
u-asabeuatiful si-lif,tl„. s[).'cnn(>ns wrre prrf.v: a'nd
in (Treat variety, 'i'l,,. Applrs m must jnstaners re-
laarkably fine and ot' many kinds.

Thi.^ exhibition JMtnk. IK- iiinu^llruiirul reason, and
jsth." harhiiKn r ol a ru-l. -Ijsplay next month .1 liiu
American Pomolo^rical Coiiirrcss, nixl the o-rand an
tiiinnal of the Soci. ty, hnti, nf whiCl, will ,MTiir dur-
ini: the week, conimencinn- wilji the \:\\\\.
The collection <-r [.l.ints >li,,u n as v(>rv mtrrestinrr
Peter Mackenzie's contained very inany ciioice
Fiichias, Gloxinia.s Geraniums, Verbenas, etc.

Caleb Cope's had several recently intrtxlljced'plants
an.l were ^^hown for the first time—Oldenlandia I).,,-
P^?i, Franciscea Vilosa, Gloxinia, Madanir ,\r Son,-
broil and G.Napi.l-on.and l,M-:,nt,rnl sp.Timens of
Kusselia Juncea, A.h;mm„ s Vrnn>fa and -randi-
ttora Also a cm llou , r nf tl,.. Virform Ri-Jk,, the
Wil trom the same plant, and simh fnr th.' Ilr^t in its I
second starre of orowth, and a (leMir,, ,n,on.r the i
timvers ornaincntinn^ the same, were thnr sorennens '
0 U.eCereus ^hvucxi^ {new), ixm\ hcantif,,! f,,,kets
Of e.X'otic and indi«renons flowers. In John l.amh.-rt'-
c*ction were tinr phn.ts of Rentas carnea, Ros<.s,
n\(.ranfren.s Acacias, rte.

K"l)';rt Cuist rxhihif,,! a beautiful Houvr of tin-
Victoria re^ru,, the second from a plant rai.ed from
^'^•ed obtained from Caleb Copo, ni a tank ereetod

\vgclahlrs~Vnr lh<- host display by , „K,rkot <r-,r
'I'-n'-r, to Anthony ^^•lton, Jr. ; for th!^ h.st by " "
v;.te.ardem.iMo Thos. M...|n-an, .ard.m.r to'

All hnnyreMonJrliir a display of K.^

,to ihos Me^^hn.ntnradisplayof n.■^y Corn ealh.i

|_ ^to\vel]s. v.Tur.M.n .Mi-ar cnrn," bi.in.-- n-n.;, rK-;,!,lo

m size una repre.enled a., ^vy^■ pro-Mirtuv and mij.-

rior fortb.f> tablo. ^ '

Vh.. C.nnnJfrr^also notice with pl-asnro, and (•■•ll
^7'''^|;"";'";">J"tJ"- NneiVfytoa mu v;. n.t y of Sal-
ad, rail...] the spockh-d salad of Austria, ^rrowu from
seed obtained from Vienna, and exiiibited by J)r J
Khra Barton. ^

The Fruit Committee nibmittr.,] the followin^r ]{(.
I-rts of objectH shown }(, them,./,/ ,nUrnn ,7f tho
ineetinfTri d' the Sucicly.

AD RX'J'KUI.M RKPOR'J'S.

RnrnAi.nm.Hi^. July tjO, l^^o

. , '" '■'■^^'^^■■^'"""^^'•'^risprrtlullvpresr.nf -n an ad
mt'Tiin report, sonio notice of tle^annns knuU nf
ruits submitted tn iheir mspectmn sine.' iho last sta-
ted ni'M tinif of t\\G Society.

J}<';.nlif(ii specimens of'th.^ Mnyauionsner Slravy-
^■rry, . mu n |,v AI r. Jas. AI. Ta;,,, of iinHnmton.
.\. Jersry. J ],,s linn J'mnsy fya nia straubnrry is (,f
a dark erimsnn eolor, quite Jar-.' and of a deJieious
ilavor.

A basket of Hoy-v\s Seedlinrr Strawberry of ex

^prcs«lyforthatol>jeet,athisVreniisos'aUlosedd^^^ ^*^^' '>"'" ^^r. Jn^^-ph J. JJatdi, near

^infr;5Pj,j^,jjf^^ ' Camden, A. Jnrsny,

The De^rns, Baskets anr] Rorpiets were hand- L- '^^'''' ^T^"" "^' ^^'^'^^^-^'^'s Sm.llinn- Strawberry,
^^mo and very creditable.

u-plht ^""f ^f^l« t<^J>l«s n-roaned with their ^rcat
'tS '", r^^ contained specimens of tin.' finest
.^roMii, e.xhibitm^r much skill in tl.o cultivators.

ifslrtr/^'^^^^^^^^"^''''^"' nttraetod attention from
^s^^I.ottcd appearance, called ^ Fan He Knpf Saint:

Irom tin- Hon. Saninnj WaJk.M-, of RoxImiiv, Ma.^
a new dee]) criin.sou starninntn yar;ety, ,A' "-ouJ size'
and of ^rcat excellenen.

A basket of White l^narmau Clmrry, in -rcat por-
fection, from John R. Rrinekle. "

.^ rr <"...iu;e, caned ^ranl.'r fuwl Saint ' "^•''?'^^^^ ^/'?^'" '\"'^ iKuidsomo spceimens of seven

lol >' ^^''''^^^^^^ «''^J-i "^' Austria, ai4 1 oil u"l ' I'' ^nT'''' ^'"'^ ^^'^ -^""'^ ^^' ^^•'^^""-•' ^''
od brought from Vienna, on the ov^^^r^^Thy ^^ Amon^ these was the JJJaek

J^r. J. Rbon n..f^.. ^^'" fcrounu, d) lartarian of g:reat size and excerient flavor.

A box of \Qry lar^o. Napolean Birrarreau Cherries

ini .^Mrtiii..! i Of ^.e 1\I,..,« ^ . ...

^^'' J. Khea Barton

Premiums wore awarded as follows:—
toMn? ^^.^^o'-^'— For the best and mnst interestinrr
Z^J^^vJ'"')- "' ^nrdnn. r tn John Ramberl. lioauct
C CrTnn"~"i''''J'"' ^^'''^' to Thos. Mnehan,i:ardnnerto
foremin.' 7 ^ ^' ^.^'^ ^'^^"^ ^^'^^1"^'^' ^'> ^'- ^^- ^^^^^^^'s
tlie bes/k 7 ^'"^^^ ^^^^^^^ «^' C"^ flowers, and for
And 8non 1 ""^ '""^'^'^ flowers, to Thos. Mechan.
Meelmn f ',^"^'"^s ^or five new plants, to Thos.
, and for a fine collection of cut German as-

from SamnnI Oft, of Mont^romery county, wei.rjimfr
a (juarter nf an ounce each. ^ ^

From A. M. Spamrler, of Lancaster, a box eon-
taminn- boautifnl specimens of the Cumberland Seed-
Imcr Cherry, and of a lar^e Strawberry that on>i-
nated with Mr. J. 1.. Grosh, near Lancaster Tiie
box was directed to a member of the Committee who
unfortunately was absent from the city on its arrival
consequently when examined, the Btrawberrics were

\

I

178

IIORTICTLTURAL SOCIETIES.

rSE1«T!:MHi:R

not in a condition to liavc tlicir nicrils properly test-
ed. But the cherries were in ifood condition tliouiih

JulieiHie

le

[Kiau, and

Specimens of five varieties of Apples from I) ^,1
r, Jr., Carlisle. The White Queen, Suinmpi

>uinmer

J51ood^r(KKl, Rosti(!zer, one of the very best Hummr
pears, Mannincr's Elizabeth, excellent, Wind*!/
rather under ripe. The Cumberland St edlinjr is a Dearborn's Seedlin<,% Early Catharine, Edwa 1'
new native IVnnsylvania cherry, of frrcat excellence, | Meadow, Shenks, Skinless or Poire sans nean [j.
lart^-e size, j)urj)le color, obtuse, heart shaped, com-
pressed at the sides, sli;,^ht depression at the apex;
stem l\ inches lonn^, set in a broad open dej)ression.

A box of the Triumj)h of Cumberland, from Mr.
Cocklin, of York county, throuL,^li Mr. Sh;ifler; fully
ripe and in fine condition, a P«*nnsylvania cherry of
larire size and excellent (lualitv.

A box of the Conestofra Cherrv, from Mr. ('isper
Ililh-T, from the original tree in Conestoo^a Imw ii<liip,
Lancaster county. This is n larnr^', firm tlcsIiiMi pur-
ple cherry of superior (piMlity, w cii^iiinir a tifih of' an
ounce, and said lo !;<' an u in form am! abundant hearer.

Specimens ot" a ]ari,n^ Kaspherry from J>r. J. K,
Mitchell. Tins ra.-pl)''rry is fully ecjual to tin? true
Red X'ltwt rp in size and llaxer, and closely resem-
blint*- it in form. It is an accidiMital Seedling- which
sprun^r u|) ;it t!ie c(,!i!itry seal dt" Dr. Mitcliell, on th<j

Clueen, Lancaster Queen, E. Co<llin and a Soedlina
Tlie Amendment to the Ry-Laws, as proposed at

the hist meetin<r was adopted, providin^r that con-

tributinnf members shall pay only a ))ro-rata propor".

tion of the year in which th(^y are elected.

The thanks of the Society were ord(^rr(l to Mr

JJurnell inr the ^ntl of "2 vols, for tiie library.

The felhtwlnir appr(»;)riate resolutions were [uw.u.
inously adopted ; —

Resolved, that we d(>ej)ly (le{)1ore the afHirtivA
prr)videiice whi(di invo]\e(l, in the deslriiclion of' tho
Henry Clay and the trae-ieal loss of many valuable
lives, the removal of our est(M'm<'d fellow nicrnhtt
A. .1. J)ow.M\(;, ot' IVewbur<:h, in tlie pride of man.
hood, and in the toll maturity of his powers, tVomthe
scene of liis usel'ul aic! Iii>iier;ible exert k in <, ;it ;i timo
when his services were so nni\ ers;illy and liiL'lilvan*
))reciate(l, a?i(l when hi--- etl'orts m life were jjroducin?
throuii"liout the land, the heu(>firent and !)oautit"ul re-
sults ti>r whieli he li;i(l >-m Innir Inlwirfil and OVPf

which his bene\e)l(Mit s[tirit W(juld have so generously

re joUMMl.

Resolved, That we reo-ard as a Xatinn:il biToave-
ment and allliction the loss ot'one whose powers were
so diliufently and successfully de(ii(^ated to the purest
and best interests of his race and his country : that
the deceased was endowed bv nature with a vinforous

Wissahickon, where no raspliorries had j)reviously
been cultivated. Thuni'h entiridy unprotected, Dr-
^L assured us that it lias w ith-tood the two las! win-
ters, without ha\inuf received the sli^^htest injury. —
Tliis variety we have n;niied the Wi.-sahickon, and
strongly commend it to the faM.nihle notic" of horti-
culturists.

Fine specimens both of the tree and dw art' Service
berry (Sorbus domestica) from i). ('. McCammon,
and grown near .Middletown, Danphin countv.

Pnii. voi;mmii V, Aul^ 17, H.")^.
To the President of the Penna. llurticulluni! So-
ciety :

The Fruit Committee report that since the hist ' intellect, w h;ch was elevated by liberal and prac-
?neeting of the Society, specimens of tlie f)i]owinL'" tical cultivation, and directed by an expanded phil*
fruits have been received liy them: anthropy and a l'-Iowihl'" love ot"n;itnre, to the promo

The White Juneating and several other Anjdes, tion of those- pursuits connecte<! wil rural life and
from Saml. Ott. rural happiness which, while they contrihiite to the

A Seedling Apricot of fiiir and heautil'iil appear- solid [lower and prosperity of a pecjple, reline andel-
ance, larcfe size and fine flavor, from ^frs. J. K. Lat- . evate tie ir tastes and (Mijovments: that the cuunlrv
imer, of Wilminirton, Dela., to whom we are also will hold m (xratefnl aii<l enduring rf^membrancehis
indebt(Hl for specimens of a ]^ear ot' hindsomo cxte- I valuable and popuhir contrihii!;ons lo the literature
rior and jrood size, hut oi" inferior (juility. ^ oi' horticulture — his aid in the promotion of Land-

Moorpirk and Musch .AIiiscli Apricots, both very scape Gardeninif — m the impr(t\ ement ot' the 'd'Vuita
fine. — some of t!ie t'ormt^r w eiiihin'jf two and three- , and Fruit Tr(>es of' America," and Cottaire Rcsidcn-
(jiiifter ounce:^-, — I'nMii 'I'hos. P. James. | ces, and his able and ;issiduous labors for the i^m oral

Pears supposed to he(lriss(^ Ronne of pleasant 11a- ; advanciMiient of Pomolo<.ry and rural eeoneiny : tbt
vor. but speedily decays at the core, from Mr. 1'. his efforts in tlu^se branches have ])ro(luc(^d iin im*
Patnall, jr., of Wilminirton, Dehi. I'Vom the s:ime provement which is jxTceptibh^ in ma.ny sectionsof
fXentleman, the Holden .\pricot, a valuable Delaware Our couutrv- and th:it his sudden and iiicl'incholy
Seedling, though not so large and fair as tln^ Moor- d

park, of a fairer and more saccharine flavor.

The Washington and two imported Plums from
France, of excellent quality and good size.

Green Chisel Pears from Mr. Win. S. Cleavinger
— fair specimens.

A Seedling Raspberry, labelled A'o. 7, from .Mr.
James Powell, of large size, roundish t'onn. iiglit-
yellow color, fine flavor, very late and very productive

(!<\'ith is a bereavement whicdi will I )e long and deep-
ly deplored t'lr h-wond the atf'ctionate and afflicted
circle of which he w;i-- the ornannMit and pride.

Resolved, That as the loss of A. J. Downing is»
national calamity, calling f >r an appropriate nations
commemoration, we cordially aj)))royeof the action
of the Pr(\'<idenf. of tlif^ .\nierican Pomolgoical Cod-
gross m inviting the lion. Marshall P. \Vii(lt'r,aii
intimate friend of the deceased, to deliver at theap-

the branch sent Aug. 7th, having on it about fifty proaching session of the Congress in Philadelphii-

ripe and green berries.

From J. Rutter, West Chester, five varieties of
Pears — the Bloodgood, fine specimens; ()sband\s
Summer, excellent; Trimble, too far gone when cut;
and a small pleasant Seedling Pear from the prcnii.
8es of Dr. Darlington.

Specimens of 14 varieties of Pears from Mr.
Thomas Hancock, — Belle dVlout, English Jargonelle
or Epargne, French Jargonelle, Limon, fine quality,

nn the i:Uh proximo, a Euloo-y on the life, character
and virtu(}s of our lamented fellow member.

Resolved, That we sincerely condoh^ with hisb^
reaved family upon this afllictivo dispensation ot ^r.
inscrutable IVovidence ; and tii at as a manifestatJOii
of our respect and sympathy, the Secretary be dir^c^
ed to transmit to them a copy of the foregoing rci
tions. On motion, adjoiirned. ^

Thomas P. James, Rec. Sccf

I

1 ^52.]

COMMUNICATIONS.

(--w-Mi *-.^m^,^mifmt.Kwm.-'»an

170

(pro,inal (Tannunniiatiaus

F'licoura^enieiit (o Sliee]» IJk edcrs.
Mr. Kpitor:— Having noticed in your last No. the
ion^ list of liberal premiums offered by the vSim,; So-
rL^ty, fur cattle of almost every age and description. T

offered for each of the two first naun.l breodn, and
?80 offered for the most inferior breeds uhi!,. ii umy
bo seen tluit tin. list that I propose for the beKtbree;i

of sheepo,dya,n.un,.toSr.l. 1 :,,n a groat adn.ir
or of good stock of anx kind, an<l not long simc vvi«
luced to visit sumo of the best herds of shortlnu-nfl

f..lt very much di.scouraged to see the few and low , ' , ''"'^ "'"'' ''^^'''' '"^^^ ''"^''^« of shortlHu-nfl
,„os ofTere.l for sheep. Now my opiuion is that the | r" ^'"-'''"*'' ^^ '"*''*'' ^'^'^ " ^ I'^^^^i iiios. Batos }<'',25
tho most liberal inducements slnmhl bo held nut by I "" 3'|>'>"g bull ; but since that time <.xp.rience has

tho Society, for the improvement of ,l,at kind of stook ' 77'^'7 ^'''^"^f ^ '■^^' "I-n f the practicability

whioh most needs improvement. I th.n.h.-e n.o.t ''^««*J'"^"'^»^f '" ^^'^ ^^ business, to advantage, nnd 1

r.spoctfMllv suggest the propriety of h.,Min.. ,.nt more T !'"'" T^''" '' '' T' '' '"" "'^' ''"'"''"' .i-'^'-"t.
liboral iinh.e, ment. to (he Invodcrs of sheep Will '•'',"""' ' T" '^ '"" ^'^''"'' ■•"'''I''''' '" "'" '"--ling

n.tallth. lovers of good mutton sav so? Therein " !7'^' ^'"" "' '""'' ^'"'^ ""'^ ''*' "":/^"' -'uhI

1 . • '. .v//o///,/ vnrpa-s most other State's in tl,..f i •

no country that Mii-pa'>ses ours in tlw (lualitv of it^ r. / ., • i i- !<u.>iness, an

Wf At the fir^t Koyal Agrienltnral meeting at Ox- " "" K'^tucky surpa ses u. incat.h.

f.rd in ls;;'.>, 1 saw a I.nlhn k that was IuvmI and fed
in our (Jroen Mountain r(>gion, and whi(di was d(>-
cld' ily a h'tt"r animal than any Imlloek exhibited
there. \ow \'"V a Imll (d thi^ kind we are (dlere*! a
prrmiuiu ui.'rl'), while f .r the best huek of a.ny brood
wo nro offered only ;^0. I.et any candid judi^n- \It>w
the condition of our stock maiK-i ano oecKic \\ nich

of the breeds, cattle or sheep, n.'.'<ls imorovemcnt n

* I 1! a\ (■ ii;

JWerec^ivt that there . I, ,,bi ],..,„, ,.^^,,^,.^^,.^.^^^^^_

T'^""^ '" '-"g'nl to tl,e pnaninni list. ^\' r bave rea-
son to km-w that the ( '...nnittee ^vb„ j,,,^.^,,.,} i^ .^^;^_

'''^•"''•■^'>- "^'^1' •''•'■">••■'"•'• t"^vhatlhoy conceived tho
bosto.ten......r..„ '-h.y erred In judgment, ihu

orror wn^ une ,d' the hea.l and not of tle> heart.

most.

The difforenee in ihe anionnt of preniinnis is one
of the grounds of my complaints, ilic nnmhor is
another. For cattle there are sixteen premiums of-
fered (exclusive of six, amounting to ?4G for fat cat-
tle) while for sheep tliere are but six. Whv n^t say
IrlO for tho best bnek. i whi.di is the pr. mii m i!lere(i for
any kind of bull,) I^S for the second best, and ^ij for
the best yearling buck.

I Have patie,H'o friend Cope, and ail will vet be ri-l.t
Tn a bw y^ar^ we s}, all nn.lerstand these matN-rs
better than m.w. — En. j

Working s;alli<.ns.
Mr. Kmronr-Itis I thmk. a well estaldi.^hed fact
that Arneriean horses, instead .d' iniprovin;r i„ ,.!,,^j.-
acter, are ratli-r dr.g-.„erating. Thl> is certainly a
'--r.nrce of <b.ep regret t<, every l.^er .,f tlnit nobh;
aioniab and the cause (,f the dogenera.y bee,,Mies an

My stock of Downs cost high prices, T paid .bdm SV "''T'r' ."""^-T '"■"""'^'^ " "^""""^-
Kllnian ?150 f;,r one buck, a^l L e eh f.r ewe^ i : , 77 " ' ^'-'-'-'^ '^ ^--1

and he now write, n.e that he In.' lately s<dd ewes"; ^ TnT I'' Ti T'' '"" " "'' ="-"-

Puhhe sale, a^ Ingh as lii- .nliea. or -;■> o(. each ' '\ T' '' ' ! ■ I """" '"^' ^'""^ "^•"^-

I ,, ,. - • ' "^^ "• I cises a detrimenta in ucnee I mIIimI,. < . (i

1 ;.-l-ralIy dispose of my stock to tho^e who exhibit tiee r.f keer in.. .- If " -M *^^ ,"^^ ^** ^"" V^''''^^

flu.iM V • ♦! • , , ^'^' '^ ^''"",^' •^J^^ibons m idleness (iirrio the 'rt-fif

tlifia. re, ei\e the j)reminms (,r t lem and for au'dit . f r *i • , ' '""^, nn^n at^

"OLlltrSol tliein; and I Oelieve eyer\- v,,,|,Mt,,, l.^pp,] 1. . , , . , • 1 , ,

,.r.. II- • . • ■ 1 '"'•'* '"^^^'^ ' k'd't :it Work (Juring thewh.de ,,ftlio vear ev,., , ^

Ifur, orro.nark.,l,aO,s,l,.,,ree.lcrsofp„rc ™arc.s" that wo .sl.ouU have .tro^r " I Jt
a ;:":""•;,"'""■ "-'-'ff ■•"'-'•-v-d horse, tha,, «. ..o. ,:.... An i,„,. Z,, .^Z

'^ir l>Ot\Necn, the interests of t lOSe few nii-ht larn-. 'e 1 Itl ) • , "'P''^'^^

t^ advanced l,y l.nncrin- a ,.„r„.„ „r n„.,r s,„ k '' ^'l /\ ' ':'" '":"'"" '" "'" "'"'"'•■'- ""■

f?«l.er occasionallv i '" ';';'" " '"' '^'''"" ""'"-^'nou-lv ,|,,y 1,^ ,l;o. M Uy

Iwnin„„. ''i ., . Isliould nut tlio sani"' results f(jllcnv idleness indie

1 wm n w pr,„,ed w„h such a list of pro™i„,„s : ,,,,e. The^ do. ia the selection ,.C a stallion ,

f» he best w ht„ " V VT f/ * ' r' '''"''"'' '"' "' ^'"^''^ '""'''''^'' '''•'"^' -"^■"-'' -
it should) r . "" " ""■■" *'"" i '" """■'■ '"^'•*"^"' '■■"'" ""' """' ^^'"=n •'« recowrs from

rnor, „1,!.; T "'" ''"'°'' ^"''"^''' '""" ""^ I *'"' ^'^''''^' "'" '"" ''P""^ service, to the tin.o « i,en he

*tock • Zl T """"■' "'' ''"^ °*" ""'' "'' "'"'" ''«'''"-'^« ^'"""'i ^"^ «'">"■'>• Pu^PO'M's- If Kood

. "ut just view the difference. There arc !?U0 ' parentage and form arc deairable in a horse certain.

.^£^JjJSiM

180

COMMUxMCATIONS.

[SnPTFMlJKR

D,

ly Htrong must-lcs urn none tlio \rss so: ami If tho ^^nMMnsli yclhjw and rod, iind covered with a tl"
j;o()d and ])ad quiilities of the sire are transmitted wliite Iddoni, tliroii^^h wliich the colors ajjiicar t hi
(even in a partial <le;:ree), to tho oflTsprin;^, is it not I blcnchMl to<^ether ; stalk half an inch Ions;, slender'
the part of wisdom to use such measuros as will l)e | sorted in a narrow, small cavity; flush yellow' h
most likely to implant those ^:;ood (jualitii^s in the juicy, and multln;; with a sprightly, vinous fjavf .'

separates freely fi'oni the stone; ripe last of Au^^ust

sire? I think so, and fully believe, that if tin; stal
lions intended for service, Mere worked as other hor-
ses, are, or rather should he, we should soon see the
result in the more muscular forms of our colts.
Cuijihcrland Co. E. S. Pratt.

Seedling- i'ruils.
]\Ir. Ph)lToK. — ill \ian- .iuiv nmnli!'!-. \iiu iT(|ii(st
of those know.ir.i ••! si'iMiliii-j; IViiits nt iii'':lt, that
they make th' lu kuo-Au l. the pnl-lic !li!-..u;i;h th(^
medium of the Farni .Toun':il. Th ■!•' -.w'.' >\ri;il
secdlin;!;s of merit in tiii- iM-i'j.lili"rli,ii)(i, m-hu' .,|
which have been cultivated to .i liiuii'il cxitnt, i.ut
are not known abroad. In coniplitincc with y)\\v it -
quest I offer the following :

Coltimhia. — Fruit large, roundish, skin smooth,
yellowish green in the shade, streaked im] m :ir])led
with yellow and red in tlie sun, stalk m^Mliuiu riih-i-
stout and deeply inserted; calvx set in a -h;>!!()N\
basin ; flesh yellow, tender, witli a very ruli, peculiar
flavor ; ripe in^Octobcr and November ; a profuse
bearer and worthy of a place in every garden.

Traders' Fannj — Fruit medium roundish, i. arrow-
ing a little to th(5 eye: skin smooth, aha i-i wh.llv
red, except in some specimens in the shade, with an
occasional bloted of russet; stalk half ;!:i inch In
length, deeply inserted : calyx set a ribbed basin of
moderate depth and partially closed ; flesh tender,
pale yellow, very nearly sweet ; a fine keeper — April
to June : The trees arc fine growers ;iii'l good
bearers.

I'M MS.

Of these we have quite a number, I will, li<jwe\.,r,
describe but two.

F>hrpJcr' s Favoril'^ — This superb looking' ]b;rn i-
undoubtedly one of the finest of early plums ; ii -u. -
coeds admirabl}' in all soils ; bears abundantly, keeps
\vell when taken from the tree gradually ripening,
for a week or ten days, and frequently grows larger
thn Coes Golden Drop; branches smooth and >l"n-
d(»r ; fruit of large size, oval with a f:i!nt -uture
on one side of the fruit ; skin first reddish, but be-
coming reddish purple in well ripened specimens,
profusely covered with a white bloom; stalk three-
fourths of an inch long, sot on one end of the fruit ;
flesh pale yellow, juicy, an<l, when at full maturity,
rich, Fugary, and excellent ; it separates freely from
the very long, pointed stone ; ripe flrst August.

Spotted Gajc — Is a fruit of great excellence, and
is much admired ; forms an upright tree of thrifty
growth, young branches, downy fruit, rather above
medium size, roundish: skin beautifully mottled with

CHEUIMES.

EnrJ;/ Mnj—X variety that originated here about
thirty years ago ; fruit rather small, about as lar^e
as the Uauman's .'May, rlp< nin.: at the same time-
skin deep red; stalk an iu-h au 1 a lin1f l^f, glen-
der, set in a moderate holhjw ; llosh tender, jujey
swert : a lir>l-iMti' variety, etjiial to liauann'., M.,^.

L'lir/t ifi li'ii — 'i"hi> elierry \\'a^ orl^-lnati'ii hv ^].
Lawrence, nl" this cnunty, fVum t he sc .] of t!;c Aiucr-
can 1 b'art, aiel nr i-t un.^h i il^t"'!! v 1-

;ii''' o! ail hi':i I't ehenie> : llMI!
I c 1 •■ ir t - 1 1 ■ I » .1 ■! ! •

e Sc U (it t

!y i> the p.ir excel"

Ol nieiliinn j^jjrp

r(anmi.'v!i, Ueart .- !i;i|i"U ; :-.;,in vi v\ sm.adtli and trans-
))arent. Juice colorless,) ot a salt leit hively reJ,mottleJ
^\\\\\ .•imh r in tlie -^liadi? ; stalk inserted with little
or um depression ; IVui' liune thickly i.a clusters-
flesh very tender and melting wIlIi a luscious, .sweet
flavor; ripens from the fifteenth i.> uscnty-fifth of
d nil".

/A IS J]i(j(irrcan — This vabi:i])le late cherry sprung
up on the farm of Mathias lieis, in this county ; it is
purtdy of the Digarrcau class ; it is a regular and
great bearer, and is (julte an acquisition, ripening
Irom t<'n days t'» two weeks after the cherry season.
and hangs for ahuig lime after ripiening without rot-
ting; fruit large, obtuse, heart-shaped, borne in clus-
ters of three and four ; stalk one and a half inches
long, set in a pretty, deep broad, hollovr; skin ptile
yellow on the shaded side, with a beautiful blush
cheek ; flesh quite flrni, juicy, with a ri(di, sweet fla-
\nr : in p:rfection from the tenth to tho fifteenth of
July.

IT.ARS.

l)iiin<i l\ir — Tills Iruit was erl'rin.-'ited fiy au old
ladv. by tlie name ol jtoncy, <u\\\r thirty years ago,
.■ind has been cdn-lderabl v (ailii\aied in tlii'^ neigh-
"die tree is rather -hni-t jointed, with yd-

.1 iriii " >■

lowish bro\N 11 W'" d, i^ a moderate grower and a reg-
ular bearer; fruit scarcely of medium size, turbinate,
ro'.Tvdarly formed ; skin smooth and fair, clear, bright
y(dl<t\\. \\\\\\ an^occasionai blush en the huu side;
-talk :in imdi or more loii;r, ]>i"''''y stout, ini=ierted
with lliMe (,r no dej)ression : ealy.x snuiU, closed, set
in a basin slightly shnk ; flesh white, buttery, sweet,
and good : ripens first half of July.

Monon'jahda /^?/n-r— (Wakefields)— This very ex-
celhn* [lear nri-inalcd hero, Iriuu the Seckel, it 18
much largei' than its parent and equally as good;
the tree is hardy and forms a fine compact head,
succeeds well on the quince — no garden should W
w^ithout it ; fruit of medium size obovate ; skin a fine
golden yellow, with a blush cheek ; stalk prettj
stout, an inch long inserted, even with the surface

■ •• ■ '>_ ' m^.--**. 9*^»f. v*?-*-!

COMMUNICATIONS.

l-l

or with a slight depression ; calyx small, party closed
and set in a sliallow basin: flesh white, buttery, juicy,
and melting with a peculi:ir, rich, sweet, flavor, ami
like its parent ; ripens gradually in the house for a
month or more ; ripens from the middle of August to
the middle of September.

rF.A( IIES.

Of this fruit we have several fine seedlings, some
of thiMU are very fine.

(/oc'.f Gdldcn MammotJi — A very birge, freestone
full fleshed peach, worthy of general ( iihivai! -n ;
rijie in Septeml'i-.

HalVs Yellow — .\s lar-e ;is (hMf-e the I'Murth, ;iml
r(lU!iIly as g.n.d -fret — iip,- Jlr^t ha!i' (.1' Se.,te,,iher.

lljll's CJ'trrf- \ h' Mn;ijnl (din-, (if lii-.' (|ualitv,
and large.-L .si/a;: t!d^ is mie ( f the he-t (din^s with
uhlch I am ac'jainte<] : id;,,. Thm half .d" S-|,temher.

! *. Il((i e!i W \],\,\ iiaa,.

Mononf/aJicla Xurscriat, Far/cite Co., Pa.

Th(> (ien. Hand plum, from the trees of Dr Parry
'TciKd, Price, and 1 h . Muhlenberg, we were nmch gra-
tdudai seeing again. This m .,„„.. .;h P. nimyh'a-
nia variety is l:,r..:.M- fh::M the Washington, uh-id, it
(dosely resenihlcK ,n <p.aiity and appearance. iMnay
bo distinguished, however, fn.m the hitter, hv i!,'e
^^'"- ^'•''"■' 1^^'^i'i.^-a larger stem. lak,. th,. ^ elluw

^'^.^'•^"""" ''""""• " ='l"ha^ail.:.ln ring in the ca-
vity wiiere the stem is inserted.

The P.ottle idiim. a M.,.drn,- freni thr. C,.,,. Hand,
IS a Mian-.' !'Hd-an- and uni(,ue varietv. It pre.e.its
not a sIn;:le,dianieier,Mie<,r i,. p;,na"ila-e, heing „['
'■' '■""' '■'"'• '^'''f "1" :i I-"- pyrifdnn sieipe. As Uiis
I''"'" ^^^'-^ ""••h"'- v.-e >li,add he hapi.v la reeeive
^I;'-'-'"'"";"'" 'f ;i;;ii!. when it has arrived al a slate
'd matiiidfv.

Tlie r.ai

r (

1 .,

T.anr.ivfi r ("(iiint\ Seedling l«'niif.

J/'ffrrfrom fhr Fruit Committee of the Pcamijlvaxda
Jfortirulfural Socicff/.

Mr. Editor: — Your valued ra\.,r of the 'Jlth inst.
te^.'thr, with the box ui inii;, w.is reeei\ed la-day.

Please accept our cordial acknowledgments for
giving us an opportunity of again examining the
beautiful products of Lancaster. There is something
in your soil, climate, or skill in cultivati.ai. which
gives to your fni its a size and hviaty that almost
prevents us from recognizing familiar kind> \\l.,-n
grown in your region.

The four specimens of Ilosen Sclienek fn>m the
premises of the liwu. J), i;. V'ondersmitb, are noble
specimens of this Pennsylvania p -ar. Two years
a;;o, wc received the ..am,, variety, \\itiiMM! a name,
friOia Pr. IMihanan, (wh.. is d,d;ig ^,) laiieh Ihr the
advan.vni nt .d" P(aii..l:,-y in Penn-Jvania :) w..v.,ae
fdeased wiih It, and calh'd it the - K-dd^nan." ]\\u-
of largo size, bv.ttery consistence, and i.! ,: ant I'avcr

1" \ ;iriet 1,'s (d seedliii'' ], la Ml s we vri-^re
]dease,; ulih, !)i-!i,.ii!ar!y with ilial lr,Mn .M -ssrs.
J(dm iiearand d^din /anine.rm in'- .\,.. i', (•<[., M-iallv

ill'"' that wer

e L' ro v\ n hv yi

those S))eri!il"I|v , ,1' t ii

F. A\' lieateH.

Vwth su(di ce.ir, hieing evidences -diJi,.. eaj. abilities
of Lancaster for producing fine (ndi, we Mn.-er. !v
iiopo you will be induced tos( nd a strung d(degati(.rn
with an abundant supply of y(.ur noble specimen- t.,
the American Pomological Congress wliich will as-
semble in Philadelphia on the l.dth of September,
and to the annual K.xhibition ,d tlie P- nn-dvanh-i
Horticultural Society, wld.h v.ir, 1 .- ie.ld at ihe-ame
place on the loth, Peh a;.d 17ih ,,; th,. >ane. ni-.ntii.

Very truly yours, \\. i). Pi.in. k,,:.

A. M. SpaiKjkr, Esq.

Heuplng >T;u']iiiies.

'y^ii. PniTOR:— In t'e- jir,.-e!,t eiiv.ard maridi of
"'■""■" '' J- .'.ratd'yinu^ t.. ,d ^,r\e iJiat a--rlculture
ehiini- no snia!! dia;'- ef !(-, at!e|,ti,,n. It 1. e(jiiallv
gratifying to see wh::; lauthais, yei .steady and cer-
tain a])]dieatl.,n the iai'ne r niake^-, .Svli-n e aivlnee(l

It should he cxten-.lv^.Iy dis.,.niin ited. M;-. iI,,fTy ' of the-r ii! lllly. ) of the -. arhai. inipn a ene-nts ral-ai

has taken a colore. 1 (irawin^^ (,t it
Tho pears, Xo. '1, from Jacob A in wake, Esq., and

latcd to eniianc ■ t!ie pi-,, fit mj' l,hs ocenpati,.n. f have
been induced to ask a place in yourcohimn- fr -m the

called the butter pear, there must bo some mistake j fitet of witnessing with wliat rapidity machinery i-^
a^'out. They are evidently identicj.,] wdth the Ilosen | made applicable to the use of the farin in this section
't-'henck of Judge Vondersmith, and th(j specimens «'f Pennsylyania. Li-t yi ar ushered in the u*e of
are equally fine. the grain drill, winch was f.inid \u he u[ rrreat

Ibo pears, \o. 3, SeedlingsfromdMJni L. Wright, , practical utility to the farmer, in the reo^uiarity and
oiumiiui, not being in the box, were probably | depth of sowing, saving of seed, prevention of winter
accidentally left out. Could you not yet send them i kill, and in various other ways ; and this year wo

find the farmers of our beautiful valley making prac-
tical use of tho grain-reaper in harvesting tlu; fruits
of their labors. Wilhln a lew weeks past ihcre have
been introduc?d into our valley, and ]n\^ in successful
operation several of McCormick's reapers, which meet
the full expectation of the farmers, and accomiilish
all they are recommended to do. It is to the latter
article of machinery that I now wish to call the at-
tention of the farmer. And it would be well, here to

to us ? *

ihe six fine peaches had no numbers marked on

^cm, or on the papers in whicli they were separately

^-nveleped. We were, therefore, unable lo di.scrimi-

natc between them. All, however, were clings of

^arge size and good flavor.

A he handsome apples from your garden we are in-
clined to think are largo specimens of the Maiden's
lilush.

m

* ->f5*5" -v - -'^(i* '7!- <»■

-!"^-i .

182

COMMUxMCAl IONS.

ro

SEiTMnrp

COAfMrilVirVM

say, that I am not anyway personally interested, and
do not, for any individual interest, attempt to ur;j;e
upon the farmer the use of the reaper. < M IIus.sey'H,
I am not able to nay mueh, as I have not had an op-
portunity of \vitnessin<^ its ()]>erati«)ns, although I
liave Leen tohl that it works very well. Let us caiter
into a ealeulation of the two modes of harvesting
■wheat, i. e., ])ythe usual operation of the " Dinn-pow-
er-cradle-reaper and the " horse-power-^rain-reaper."
It has been ascertained here that " MeC<M mick's
reaper" by the day an'l wiih ! Ihu-M'-, will harvest
20 aeres allouini; s min to l>iii(l, f-lmrk, iVc.
IJviIk' u-iia! luii^l.' l! iiii'iMN i!l liarvcst 'J a<Ti's pcrdav:
M» we see tlial while .^ \\)<]i Avith tlic " i-fajwr'' will
harvest IG acres in oin' dav : it will takf thf same
number of men 21 dav> t-- hai\r>t the >aiiit' nunilM-r
of aeres, in the ii-iia! v, a\. AikI it i^ admiitcd that
the "reaper" saves at least 1 hushri |H-r acr.', and
many think 1^. I think it wonhl hi- sal" t'> ]tut
the standard atl bushel pcracre. Now, ht us Mini it
up, and see on which side the gain will bp in har-
vesting U) acres. J»y the u>^iiai mode we tiavc cS

hands 2.] (lays at .^1,11') each day, $;2r),00

Board of 8 hands 2^ da3-s, at o7i

cents each dav, T.^O

AVith the reaper we have, i532,r>0

8 hands I day, at SI, 25 cents each, $10,00

Board of 8 hands 1 day at 37 i ets. each, 3,00

Use of team, 1,50

Use of reaper, 1,<mi l."),r)0

Add 1 bushel peraore and we have.

7,00

i; Of)

The sum of $33 gain in favor the reaper, $33,00

in cutting but K) acres. Does this not look surprising.
But who that will give it afair investigation, will iioi
admit thi' fact? N tliis imt an iin[»'.i-t;iiit itian in
the ex[)L'n--<'s of the tarm, and wni-thy the car. 'fill at-
tention of cNci-y fainiiT? Sur.'ly it is. 'J'hert' arc
many instanco \\h'rc the ;irain is [\crv hca\ v,
or hnl^cfj, in \slii( h th-' r.'ip'-r will do the harv<'<ting
with considerable more gain ilian al» ^a*' ijimti'd, as
it will cut lodged and heavy wheat as easy as
wheat that will yield but 12 bushels per acre. Con-
sidering the advantages the great West has over the
Eastern States, in the richness '^tf hor soil, and. in the
increasing facilities for transporting her pi-oducts to
fill our eastern markets, thereby ( r^wding out in a
measure, the products of our own States, and dimin-
ishing in price that which we are able to sell; would
it not be well for all our eastern farmers, in order to
cope with this great competitor, to npply the use of

these, and all other machinery that \\i!I in any way
reduce the cost of raising, and bringing tw market the
productions of the farm. The application of labor,
saving machines in all the various operations of
the farm, is a subject that demands attention, and
one that is sadly neglected by the great mass of our
farmers. C. M.

WyomiiKj Valleg, Pa., July, 1852.

The llo^cn Srlimr^- Pcai.

Vr.. Editor: —Being sorely alilicted with th
** Tear mania," and a little ''cracked'' on tho s }
ject of truit in general, is sufficient cause for my dp.
lay in asking several (piestions toucliing the alx
subject, that interest me very much.

In you! June No. appeared a very interestintj »
tide, whirh from n sub^erinent comnmnication fr.
your ahle correspondent, Mr. (Jarber, I suppone^
from him : in whi li, speaking of the Fruit of Lan
caster county fm-ty \(ars ago, he m< riti,,!i< tj,,. jj
tei- Pear and a "" Scr(J/iii>/ I'mm il sim, rmr In if» »^
/•'///." Now, will \n\i or he be so kiml a^ le ffivei
history and description of said S(.M'(HinL: ?

What is the origin of the i*ear UKnticiicl ,.,];», .;.
ally in the duly \o. ]>. *is, undei- th" name (»f ' Hyjpp
Sehenck, than which m-ne is earlier or fnir?"^
Alnait its earliness you certainly made a diyht mij.
take!

1 ha\e been acipiaintid i\,r several years with i
vcrf/ good butter pear which 1 supposed a seedlingof
T>ar.casti'r cminrv, .aim a^ 1 fii'-i p!-o(Mii-c'i it Irom i
tree grown hy a p;a-stai ol" my own nam'', it was some
time so called, laii geu'rally ennmer.atiMi asXo.D,
I'riv. Cat. 'i'his season, fi»r tlic lii--t time, 1 harein
bearing the llosen Schenck, and iind them identi-
cal. I wonder very much if the seedling in Mr. Ga^
ber's mind i-; not also identical?

AV'ill vt»u he Ml kind as to investi'j:;"ite tlii< mutter,
and let u>< ha\etlirmi_h the i'arm »)ouiaiaI tli'^rosulL

Jhtcninf/fown, An./. 1.;///. Is". J. J. G. E.

[Mr. (iarber ha^ ]iromi-ed [n answer these inqui-.
ries in our next. A\'" ircrc hIkjIiIIh mi>r;ik''n in re-
gard to the time (if rip< ninii:. It rij)ens about th^
latter part nf August. In regard to its line quality
ImwrVi'i", we think we were right, as we kiinwofn
]>ear. unless if he tln^ liartlet or Seck-'l, ever wL. .
we wouM not unhoitatingly give it the prelerenw.

Shelter for Slock in Cold ^Veullicr.

Mk. KniioiJ : — Althou-h the warmth ^S the jiresent
sea^du ahiK'vt fii-hlds the iilca d' wri1inL^ and moff
especially of w laiing upon the subj(H;t of keeping cat-
tle comfortable in the winter season, 1 will vet at-
tempt a few lines, detailing my experience on tbu

Suhjeet.

The barn, or building rather, in whicii my cattw
for a numlx^r of years wcM'e sldtered, (il ahclterM
cduhl be called) was in a \ cry <lila}>idatcd conditiot'
E.xpecting frr>m year to year to be able to replace:
^\\\\\ a new one, I delayed many little repairs. wb>
I am since convinc(Ml it wouM have been trie' econom.
to make several years before. I know the animai-'
suffered much from cold, and to compensate for tw''
sufferings, 1 led them well; but while pursuing il^J
system a seeming necessity compelled me to adopts
could not but observe, on comparing notes with m, |
neighbors, that my cattle consumed consideriD.

Ifl52]

mere food than theirs, whih* at the same tim(» tlujir
condition was not only no b(»tter, but S(!arcely as
good, 1 uttibutr^d this fact to any other but tlie right
cause. Knowing that some animals (<af more than
niore than otliers, without impi..\ii,:^ in an e(|ual de-
;rree, 1 presumed that mine were of this lean, hun^rpy
kind, and thus dismissed tlie subject froni mv mind.

Feeling somewhat stroncrcr in jiocket twu year.
pince, I built a new hani. The shehrr it aflur.h'il
my cattle wns, ns you may >M|.p(i-i^ hi'ter than th-
old one. Tlie j'rr.l -i\..n my cattle (hirin;^: th.' fir-^t
winder was tiic sam<' in (inahty an<l (juantity as that
,,1 i!ir |,revions winter; hut I was sui-pris.'d to find
t!iat ill th^' -prill-, there was a d-'cidcd im])ruv(auent
ill ili'ii" .■. (iditM-n o\('r that of the j. receding sprin•^
La.-t winter 1 f.amd that I could keep tliem mi at
least one fourth h's^ f,,nd than ev.r hrf.re, and as I
am satisfic'l that they jiave nut chaii;:^,! th.-ir natures,
I cannot attiilAite tiiis saving of IcmmI to anv other
cause than to tlu^ cemf.rtahh' sh< Iter provi(hd fur
th(>in in tli(? ni-w barn, durin'j- the ruhl wcMthoi-

1 ■I'll :i^\.';-'' that there are scieii t ilie priiieiph'S upon
which this ehaii-e may he a-'cmnit.'-l fnr; hot aspir-
in;; to no prouder di^th-ton than that <.f a jTiin prac
tical laniier, 1 leave scienlifnj expl;ination< to those
more competent than myself, being content to record
the simple fact that 1 save one f anih of niy cattle's
food hy providing them \Nith comfhrtahh' .shelter du-
the winter season.

Cedar Farm, J)(. J. {[.unnsL-Tus,

I 1 \ >"

163

The Next Agricultural l<'air.
Mr. Editor :— In lookinir ov(m- your Farm Journal
I see that the next Agricuhnral bair is to bo hf-ld in
Lancaster, a place as suit.a),!o, I supp,,..., a-; con!,l ho
found, hein- a fine agricailtural di-^tri.-t and <'asy <d
access from the difh-rent part.- (d" the Stat<". Ibit'my
object iiMt hoin- to dwell upon tiie a<l\anta-es or (li>-
!viv;ii,tages of the location, you will p,.rmit me to
t'lr.'Wouta few hints thron-h your Farm dmirnal,
'^"'' "'"' ^" make siane in<juiry ahout some -;tate-
ments that I have heard : and in J.ang so, poj-mit me
to do it in my own way. Tlie fir>t hint i>, we,
country folks, are opposed to imposition. W e do not
wish to be invited to Lancaster as we W( re to llarri--
I'urg. and cdiarged treble or (imnlruph' for lo^frin-^
'''"' '"'^''^ 1 think if the inhabitants of Lancaster
Wish die Fair iud<l there, thoy should certainly see
that those coming from a distance should not be im-
posed on, unless their object be altogether to make
money. One thing is certain — such conduct will soon
nd you of a portion of those that wonhl otherwi>eat-
tend. I do not think it right for men tu sub>cribe
largely in order to obtain the location, and then take

the advantage of necessity to enrich themselves there-
by.

Again, is it true that the Society gives a high-
er premium for a goose than for a colt ? The re-

port hero is-tliMt Mr. Newcomer received a higher
premium for the best goose than Mr. liru-h did fbr
the best colt. Both of these men are fnun Franklin
county ; and if this is so. whi. h I cansearndy crdd,
I would like to know the reason it is not— it shouhl
be eontradieted: su<d. reports being cah ulated to in-
jure the Society and tun, it into rirlicnio. Th. n- is
I nothing of a Worhlly nat.nc that i wouhl rath.r sus-
't;iin than an A-ri.aih ur:,l Societv, an-i j h:uo no
''""''' '•"" '^ ^^'" 1- ^ii^taiicd ii,\,nr State if it is
'■;"■''""' •'" "P"" l'l-''al pill. ci, ,!,..; |„n ,fnot, it must
sink. Th-sust.aitati.a. umM come n.ainlv Inau the
, rarmers themselves, and being hard listo.i Hew ,h. n.,t
' L-merally ,lcal in humbu-.. It is .,uite pnihahh> I
'^''^ '"'^^^ ^''" "•■^' Lair witii ago,„l numhor of nn
neighbors, sh.aiM we ;r,,| a-nranco that .air nec,...>i-
ty will n,,t ho taken a(!\anta"(; of.

»**^\MI Ei. ThoMso.N.
So'lltii'l, i'r>J ii!:!iic CO.

Li "ur laM uo cnJra\ored to satisfy the public
ind that a spirit of liberality towards their visit-. rs
wouhl charact. i-iz,. t!io condu.-t oi' the citi/.-ais (.f
Lancaster .hirin- tli>- hoMin;.: of tho <\-a\.^ Fair.—
^^ '' '':^^*' l''id r.|H., ■,!,,! ;|.Hirai!c, s fj,;,f .,ioh will ho
the ,.a.se; so that, friend Thomson, we hope to see
you and all of your neighbors with you.

In re^rard to the award of a higher premium to
Mr. .Xournnn r than .Mr. Lni-h, a refrronce to the
puhhdio.l "livt of i.remiiims award..!" pr.,v.s that it
is incorrect. Tie- premium awanhd to Mr. nru'_Hi
wa« criven up.ai iho r-Momneaelathai ..f the Commit-
^•'''- ''" y. un.lrr th,. pn'.livhcl r.-ulailons not havin-

• * . ' ^

'^ '" tli'-ir p.iwcr to designat.' tie' am mnt. The ai-
ramicm-aits .i! tla-iir-t I'^xhihit i.ai \\.-re nec^ssarih-
iiiij erh'.-t. Lidar-. .1 c.\|)..rienoo will (>orrect thes(r
imperf.'ctions. as ret(a-ence to the premium Ikst l(;r
the comin;r fair will <how.

m

Clifton,

Mr. KniToR t—Tn y.ajr last number 1 obsorve vou
lia\e ;;iven th.' pedigree of the Horse Cliff. ai, (which
took the pr. allium at the last Agricultural F.xhihition)
I together with a notice of one of lii> ladts, a two-v ar-
! ling, which was also tie re ami .sold ])y th.' .Avm r at
the time for ;;?li(H), which colt found his way since to
Lhihnh'lphia, and clianL'"ed owici-s at Sii7.'».

1 am p]ea>i'.l to s.av this must he chan""ed so far a.-'
regards the sum sold for. In the changes made wiili
this colt, he has given such satisfaction that the
preseiiL owner of him would not take eight hundred
dollars for him — 0\r: wrio kvows. C.

r/nl,rl.li,/na, Aug. 13, bS52.

BircKs CauNTY Agricultural Society. — The an-
nual Exhibiticm of this flourishing Society will Ix;
held at Newtown, September 29. We hope to be pre-
sent, as this exhibition is generally one of the best
held in Pennsylvania.

.

\

, as

J,- < ,■«£

184

EDITORIAL.

rymmmtvmmwwmwm

fSEITRMBKi

THE FARM .) 0 i; UNA L.

Af^ciits.

The Farm Journal iii;iy bo had at the following
places : —

W. 1?. ZfFiJER, South oil St., principal a;^cnt for

Philadelphia.

W. II. Sl'ANr.LER,

15. F. Si'A.\(;i,ER,
Oeo. 1Jek(;ner,
If. Miner,
J. 11. Sfikvock,

ll M. IvAU'LINS,

A. L. War FIELD,

Liincastcr, ]*a.
Coluiuhia, Pa.
llarrisliur;!;. Pa.
Pittshul•^^ J>a.
('hainl)ersl»ur<;, Pa.
Carlisle, Pa.
Y-rk Pa. /

and (»f IJookscdlcrs ironorallv

SI a It' Fairs, lHr»2,

New York, at Ptica, Sept. 7, S, 9, 10.
Ohio, at Cleveland, Sept. 15, Ki, 17.
Michiu^an, at Detroit, Sept. 22, 2.'^. 24.
Canada West, .it Toronto, Sej)t. 21 to 24.
Yeruiont, at Kiifland, Sept. I, 2, ',].
Pennsylvania, at Lancaster, Oct. 20, 21 22.
Wisconsin, at Mihvaukio, Oct. 0, 7, 8.
New Ilani])shirc, at Meredith Pridw, Oct G 7 fi
(Jo,.r;:ia, Oct, IS to 2:L ' ' ' ^*

lAIaryland, at Paltiniore, Oct. 20, 27, 28, 20.

' -ieal CongrcsH, at Phi'ludc'lphla,

•-■amrjmjLVMJKJi

Untmii Sl'hs( Kill i<i.\>.- — a niHiil^er oi' our suli-
«cribcTS who were in ari-ears have coinpliei] wiili the
request exjirossi.'d in "ur la-t. l^r whieh they ha\e
our thanks. There are >till a lew Irit i'mni wiioni we
shall he happy to hear.

'AVo have been comrudled to omit srv<'ral edi-
■' turial articles a.s well as couuiiunicallous in ine pres-
ent number. They will r»ppcar in our next.

To Correspondents — A request. — Persons send-
in;; in communications will please send their names
with them. We have at this time several articles on
tile without signatures, which will appear so soon
as the names of the writers are forwarded. ^Vo pre-
fer that correspondents should write ovn- th' ir own
names,but wdien this is not desirb.e, wo of course will
comply with their wishes; but wo 7)ui,sl know the
name of the writer, if the articles arc to appear in
the Journal.

MEMRERSHir IN THE StATE SofiETV. — For the in-

formation of such persons in Lanea^ter count \', as
may feel desirous of becoinin.: i.aemh.M-s of the State
Society, we state tint < i o. II. liuchc;-, Fs(|., of
llogestown, Cumborlaul e-uutv, i-< tlic Treasurer,
and the person to whom a] plieati-n f.T inemlM rship
.should be made. Jacob Pram/, Ps<i., (d' Paradise,
Lancaster county-, is the Yicc President f u* thi^ Dis-
trict and as such is duly authorized to receive the fee
of membership. All that is required on tlie j^art of
applicants, is the payment of one dollai' in a^hance,
with the name of the applicant and his Po^t ( )lliee.

The Eagle Plow. — Messrs. Savery &Co. of Phila.
have sent us one of their No. ?> Eagle Plows, the' val-
ue of whicli we have as yet had no oj^portunity of
testing. This plow is one the most gracc^ful (if we
arc allowed the term) implements we have ever seen,
and but for the fact that it is a r {[/ It f -hand plow,
could scarcely fail to become a general favorite. A
full description of the implement is now on our files,
but has been unavoidably crowded out. We will
put it in our next.

American I'omolo

Oct.

.\ nniicai! In-^titute, at Xew \'oi-k, 0,-t. ,"■).

American Institute, Kxhil.ilion of Slock Oct 10
2<>. 'Jl. ' ^^'

PIiimIi' Island S..ci<'ty of Impri.V( nieiit, at ['u)\\.

(leliee, Se]»t. lo. |l'», 17.

The Pennsylvania TTortieultural Sodcfv will hoM
their 2 1th ;rrand autumnal Kxhihition in th^ .Musoiim
huildimr, Mnth, ])e]ow ( 'hotnut st., I'hihi.lclnhii
Sept. i:., I<;, 17. ^ ''

Mii. (!o\vr.\"s l>i,i i:\cE. — lu aiioth.r ji'iri ef ihi^
month's douiaial will be tound t!ie reply <>i' Alj-. (}„^.
en to some slrietur(^s liv tho late 1-Mitor r^rtjio " jfor-
ti(Milturist," on the subject of turning in green crow
as a manure. Tiie position taK-n by Mr. ( !. in hi^
address bclore tlie L;inea-tcr <'i,iin!y Agricultural
Society, last v inter in relation to green croppin;r,has
been the snbjec) of a number of communications in
the Farm Journal, in all of which opposite grounds
ari^ tak^n. In the artieli^ which we have copied.'it
will be seen th.at Mr. ( i. eoni(nil< that a fair and im-
]iartial reading- of hi> a«Mress will not warrant the
inference that he is (,tp|»ose(l to green cropping under
all circumstances. I n justice, therefore, to his view«,
we cheerfully give the article itself, as well as the
remarks of the Pditui of the " llorlicalturist," a
place.

Meeting; or tiif. 1'\i:( i_ n \ i; (\)MMiTTi:r.. — Tho Ex-
ecutive Committee of the State Agricultural Society
met a; Laiir;ivt,r, on the I'.'ih in>t., for th'' [iiupose
of examining the site selecLe<l fur the Ilxhibiliou.-
Tlio Coininittee \vas unanimous in its expression in
regard to the admirable adapte(lness of the ground.
After consulting with the Committee-of Managers of
the Lanca.'5ter Co. Society, in regard to tho ar^ang^
mcnts of the enclosure, and appointing the fulloMicg
Committees, the board adjourned:

Messrs. Pa\id W. i'atierson, J)enjaniln K.-hleman,
John Miller, Jacob 1!. <Jarber, oi' Lancaster county,
a Comnnttee on behalf of said Sttciety, to confer with
a Committee of the Lancaster County Agricultural
Society in niaking the necessary arrangements for
tho State Fair. Messrs. James Evans, Jacob Frantz,
Christian !>. Uei-r, Lightner Sharp and Joseph Ko
ni;:ma(dier are the last-namtMl Ciunmittee.

I

I

I

n

Sale of \'aliarle Real Estate. — If an) of our
readers wdsh to purclmse superior property, we ad-
vise them to take a look at the superior farms offereu
for sale by Messrs. J. & C. S. Ilaldeman in this
months Journal. They are most desirable properties,
and as such worthy the attention of capitalists and
others.

iNr)2.]

SilOUT-lIOUNRULL.

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180

SHORT nORNKO RI'LL.

'■I'TrMnrn

I

T 7 T 7 7 i I intdiuti- l)fariiijf, aiiJ embracing aoiiie l>j

I<> the hihlors of ihc ] lo}t<jh, the ]j)om, and the An- them now m fruit.
vil " "

mtai

- - - . - .. t.i«,'rtti( r with ti

. •lIli^tMH, 11. j 1)V I'x'lvid.Tf (1,7<»'>); L!;r. <j;. d. I L:l<ly '>tlier artitlea usually found iii similar well ronducled est;il);i,|,.

liarrilliTtnlil ))y a vm,, of Mr. .Mason's H.-nllilun (.'HHJ: T)nier8 hv riiail promptly Ht.-iuh.) t... an.ltr.-.s and pl.nU r,r.
gr. o;!'. ^. (1. I ^ oinrj; Alirial 1>V \V (indorlul (/'•'>): ^r. fullv packed, and torwuidcd as directed, ratal.. ^ni, ■« fnriiig.iti;,)fl

' ^ "^ ■■■ appiic-ution. FASCMI Al.L MOH KIS A Cu '

Sept. Nursery, J^eedameu tV Florihts, West Chrster, p,.

J^^l"

gr. gr. g. d. [Old Aliriaj l-v Allivd f'J.".): -r. ^:i ,
gr. iz;. (1. by Youns; Favorito. son <d' Favnrito (Ll-VJ).

Motoor, tlio viro of Maltoii, was Ir- huko of \\'(dl-
ington, 55 (.'),(>54) ; dam |l>ihlio^s| l.y Mr. liatcs'
CHdcbratiMl J)uchoss, j)rizo bull, I)uko of Northuiii-
berland (l/.MO), Ac. etc.

Tjixdy Hjirriii'^to" '<' Dnidnws! -mm] Dnlro nf \\ <d]-

ini:Cf<)n, W»'ro lirT'd by th.' late 'I'llomas liat(>S, Kstl., of , -^');/;f' =^";' »'>r;""inal l-ear I'rces. o,. (puMce stocks ahouu
,..,,. , \' , 1 • 1^ 1 1 1 • 11 <KK). embracing cverv hue variety that can l)c so worked, i

Kirklovington, ^ ork-lnr.', hllu^land. and llllj)ortod by ! <,M, trees low l.ranclied.vo^oi, , us and heauin'nl,

Mr. Vail. It will bo soon, tlioroforo, that llalton is
d(?scendcd directlu from the iu^tlv cidubratod JiAXKs ,
Stock. I

Speaking of the Barrington family, Mr. Iio])ort
'B(dl, the friend and tenant of the hite Tho8. Bates,
Esq., in a b'tker to Mr. \'ail. of July olst, 1851, re-
marks: *'I liave no hesitation in sayitiiz; that thoro is
not a l)etter tril)e of cattlo in Knoland than the Har-
ringtons. I have had >>ovoral apjdirations for the
old cow I Lailv liarrintrtoii i latolv, althouiih sh<' is
sixteen or seventeen years old: Imt 1 would ni»t sell
her, inten<ling to keep lier a^ l"ii;^ as sh(> will breed.
.... I have now a heif(M\ from a (lauL:;htor of your
Lady Harrin;!;ton iii,, by fourth Hukoof ^'ork, |thr
sire of i\Ir. A'ail's imi>ortod hoilor. " \'arm Lass," S.
P. CI not vet a year old, for whi(di I would not take

h^ss than 1<"> guineas (SoOd). 'J'lie reason why 1 , ine it ^

think so nu„.|, „. ,h,. l'.arri„,,„ns is, fh<,,l:->rn!'^nly f^,^^^^:;l^-^l^^^^^

of hdir, are good fi((n<lh'rs, a/li/ ftiosf exerlleid nulkers, i .jmi t„|ip trees, in large ijuanties, ciieap. ,

(|ualiti.«s tha't imuiv short-horns do not possess." Mr. ' Rare Ornamental Lawn Thkks, embracing the most nnv^.^

VWVVV ct OKNAMK.NTAL TKKKS.

Kr.L\VAN(;K|{ k IJAiniV desire to call the a.tenlion of No-
serymen, dealers and planters to the immeiise stuck nt" Trt.'f«no»
on their grounds eniliracing Krnit 'IVees of every description,?!!
Standard Apples I'ears, I'lnins. Cherries, Peaches, ic , on fret

stMcka f(ir Orehnrds — viiTurnns roid well t'nrnieil

ahouut 100.-
2 yeaft
lus and beanln'iil,
Dwart and I'yrainidal ('hemes. (>n mahakb stocks, fine iine,tn

and tree year old trees ; well branclied and hnely fortn-d.
Dwart Ap[)lc Trees, on paradise and doueain stocks, beaatiful 1
year old trees with heads, for ininiediate bearing, beside* Vigoi-
ous yearlings
Gooseberries, large Lancashire Sorts, Strong plants for immedute

bearing
Currants, including the Cherry, Victoria. White Grape and no.-
[ other new and fine sorts. See onr catalogue

Uaspbeiries, the new large fruiteii monthly, Fastolf, ic, ic. A
I complete collection of all desirable varieties.
Grapes, hardy native s^rts, such as Isabella, Catawba ■nid Clintft
strong 'J ami 3 year o!il varietu-s of foreign grapes tor vineritt
strong thrifty plants in pots.
I Strawberries of ail desirable varieties. Rhubarb, a large stock a
the best varieties in cultivatn-n, and aU other fruits cultivated.
I The entire fruit ilepartmeiit is under our own personal suprni-
eioii. The bestipiality of stocks is used, and the most SCrapttkW
attention given to ensure accuracy : we Matter ourselves, that »
; Nursery collectMn can ofl'er a stronger guarantee to purchaim
this r:-8pect The slock is all grown on lU'W fresli 8<iil,aiidii
healthy, well manured and hardy. We ask purcliastrs to ei»

I ,, ,,

\ ail. ill a 1« ttor to me o{ th(^ l*.Uh Aujj;ust, LS51, lol

low8 tliis extract bv savinir: "1 have now four eows

ma:kal)le and beautiful trees, and 8hrnl)8. both deeulu( ui li
eveigreen that can be grown in our climate, t'or particularJ'
refer to the descr native catalogue.

and heifer

'S I

t!;

tribo.

arc all (food milkers, whiidi corresponds with what
JMr. Bell says about this family of short-liorns.'^
Very respectfully yours.

S. \\ CllAl'M.VN-.

Mf. riem^nnt Farm, Clockville, Madison County,
N. r. 3A/V. 1^52.

>IV tlnv.^ whirh -iv.' milk i Ro«ks _(>ne of the ;.rhest collections m the c,.unUv,niHi.>i^^

*^ newest and best I'.uropean varieties, selected by iia la8t«uai»^

mm: siiaxou.m: fowls.

The undersigned is prepared to furnish fine fowls and chickens
of the real Shanghae breed, from the celebrated stock of Dr. Jas
McCIiiitock. of Philadelphia, at reasonable prices

Sept.-4m8j FRS. A. THOMAS. Columbia,

Lancaster CO., Pa

FOR SALE.

Improved Short Horn and Alderney cattle of ditTercnt ages the
greater part of them bred on the farm of Thomas P. Remington,
Ksq. Many of the Sliort Horns are descendants of the hi-rd of the
late Mr. Bates, of Kirkleavington, England, justly celebrated as
one of the best and most scientific breeders of the age.

The Alderneys are fiom the best imported stock. The cows of
that breed arc unrivalled as rich milkers.

Apply to AARON CLF.MKNT, agent for the purchase and sale
of improved stock, &.c , Cedar at , above Dth St., Philadelphia.

Sept. 1852.

f

III pel SiMi.
Bulbous R.wt^, imported annually from Hoilaiul, can be WPF

after Ist Sep*. _

Dahlias. The new Knglish and French prize varieties ot 1"

besides fine olderones

All articles pncked in the best manner and forwarded to .""/^
of the U. S., Canada or California. Orders strictly compli*'''
in every particular. The following catalogues are sent 1,'rat:!-
who apply and enclose stamps to cover postage winch ni»^
prepaid. k

,\o. 1 — A Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits. ,

No o._ i' u Ornamental Trees. Shtnfi-

No. 3.— A catalogue of Dahlias, Fuchias, Chrysanthemurai
budding plants. »», i r

No. 4.— A wholesale catalogue, for Nurserymen and oincr»,
wish to purchase iaigelv. I'jviffl.k'

Postageon Nos 1 \- 'J—rx-n miles or under .3 cts; 500 to lo<JU<»-,,

" ' '^ '-'-"" MOUNT Hor'i.: xrn.KK.P.;

Sept. 1, 1852. Kochester^^

SUANGIIAE & COCHIN CHINA FOWLS

For Sale. . ,

The subscriber has on hand a number of young Cochin C
Shanghae Fowls of the latent imprirtation, which he Win "^
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to .

PHI LI r " I ij j
West Phila., Chesaut St.. 2ud door West of Pub. School tt<^

] 852 ]

AnVRRTbSEMRXTS.

1^7

vAbi Abbb i;kal kst.\ ri-: at i>i hlic salf:

On T I' ESI) A )\ the [dh day of Oetnbrr next, lH5L>.
The undorsirrnod will offer at pnldic sal(\ upon the
einiHes of No. 1, the Avholo of his valuabh* real evs-

PKKMIUM STKAWHKKIUK.S. lU IdJS P.F.OX-

WM. K. n:i WE, (^' CO.,'Linn.'V!Ui(JardonH and
Aursorios, Musldn- offer tho fwliowin- Strawborri(»s,

prenuHCJ' oi .'«.-. i, mr >wm;i.- oi iiiM vaiuat>i(^ real evs- Nursorios Fhmliiiwr „»•....»»,,<• ii • v* »

,te, situated in Conoytwp., I.anraster eountv about whi d, ...'. 7'''"- '"f^/^^r ^''^''^^V/'-.' ^'''''*'''''''' •''
\, -lo and a half fro,;; I^/inbrid^^e, as f^dlow^.' . mtm k : J:' tl^'' tr'"\ ^"" f ''"' ^"^'^f^ ''\

No. 1, Consisting of about 24! ACUKS. im.re or , ^ th ™ M^^ n^-^te-b und

lesH.of Huperior limestone land, urwh r j^ood f^.^^ces ! of IhVo ' '''^^^

an
li

nd the best of cultivation, l.'bono bn->holH of lir„o | T.o Ibiron lar-o
uvin^ been put uf.oii tln^ fiojds within tlio hist si.x ,,r uH, s2 pi'r '(hr/.o'n

yirochictivo. and lii'diest flavor of

v.^iirs. Thr improv.amnt.s are tlirec piod DWKbb Monstrous Swiin^ton*. x n i ir- ,i

S\-,' Ti/»i'vi'c 'i\. 1 1 / ,. > , ">ii.'^Liuu.i ow.iinsionr, Norv lar<'"e (lelieious uor

]\(. nni ^I'.S. I NNo hir-robarns, ((,no,,f thon, now) iS;i p..r (bizon. , utntious ikim.i,

m,,l tiio ii-n:il riumbor of ut-buildino;s. 'i'ho Wood
hind c(iiii|trisos about lio Acres.

Maximiis SNNMiiKtnii.., vorv hir^/e, hi/li llavor, ;^1
Ihis proportv ad- per d.i/on, ' *■> ^ r, » ••

j,,in,>tli.' Su.s(|m dumna liivor, Pennsylvania ('anal. Charlotto

and thr Ivail lb>:id loadini^ from ' 'ohimbia to Mi(Mh'- ductivo oo

t,,.n nnd Ibn-rislmr^, dinvtly upon ^^■l.hdl an; t^w.. | SwpoHativo, si-iov, rid, Ih.vor. a prodrndivo sood.

ol ,lio ho.t L.mo.st.mo (,>uarri,,.s ,n tho Stab', with <;■ i;,.. of liurr's n.-w'^mo. .^I .:.n p.,- .iI,,,,,,;

ii-^^«', dohoioiis, .<pri-htly l]a\nr, pr,,-

ot-^. poj- (1(,/,.|,

Kilns capahh^d burnino; from lo, ()()() to 2<>,0()0 ],ii.
(,!' liiiio {icr month, to;^cthor with a new l)w(dlin;;
11 11-'', >hoddiii;r, and all nocossary fixtures for loaif-
iiii; boats ill tho Canal, if dosiraltlo about MX) .\cres
Avill ho sold sopaiato with the JJuildinirs and IJari

('<,ronation. \ory lar;;o, vrr\ pnidiictivo, soodlin'r
of lar-o Kaily Si'arlrt, doubh;* in si/.o, and thric a's
produ<-ti\(\ <'l <\>'v d(,/,cn.

I'rimato, lar;ro, doop s<-ar]ot, produoti\ <>, Si yry do/,

• 1, , M ,,, - ^"''''^'"I""". ^''^v lar;;.', scarh't, (ddwn- cwno' >;2 iu>r

now occupied by damos ^b-Cluro, us a tonaut. 'fho d,,/,,.n. • r, - , „ ,.-i i

b;d:iiHM', !iirlndin<,r tho (^narrios and Limo Kilns, two
Tuiiani Jboises, and a new Ibirn, will be sold with
the Stone Mansion House, ji,^ NO. j.

No. 2 is an Mand, c(,ntaininn: a1,ont ^7.^ AfTdvS,
situated In thr SuM|n. hanna Kivor, directly opposite
tho town ol liainbridi,^-, whi.di is under ^'.lod fence

1 wioodioariii"- S\vain'-t(

S.

and

Tl

'•nlti\ati..n. i no imi.r..\ mu-nts aro a .<;ood,
laro^e Barn, New Tenant Ibmse, new and commodi-
ous Tobacco Shed, and other out-)iuildin<'-s.

No. 3 is a Lot of (Jround in tlio I'MiMtiJrl, of Fdiza-
hethtown, upon which are orected a, larj^ two-st..rv
Hnck hwcllni- HoiKo, staldin^r. A,... A-. This prop-
trty ]>• now in tho (.(•enj)aney (,f Heiirv (Ireenawalt,

who\Mll-ive any further ijifnrmatinn nM,nired.-- > ,,., ..

lersoiis desirous of viewincr the above iiroperties , double, .".o ,.(s. por dozen.

"ino, a soc, nd rroji m .'^<p-
tombor vorv nr 'diii'f i\o si lui- .)ozf»n.

SyljitiKlo, \rvy la)-L^', li'jht scarlot. beautiful, excel-
lent, Si per di/.ori.

I^. P). Wo ;:iiai-anti'o tho ;ib(.\o ll! \ arictios to Imj
suj)-rior to any (/t!ir|- .Im/.h that ca.n bo prodnood,
and tho first four are Mipcrior to. Ibirr's now Pine.
Tlie following, l?l per dozen, except where price<l
otherwise :

(Vimson Pine, conicab sweet, ri* h, very productive.

riii-tor ]Iud-<,n, colli, -al, >carIot, \vv\ prodii.tiNo.

Corniieopia, laro,., g,,od lla\or. prndiictiNo, ,'.<> cts.
jH-r do/on.

i'roi'u.<o Scaiht. liko ilaidy Searht, but produeeq

will nlease call upi.n the suliscribor.

Sale to eommonce at 1 ..'dock P. M., np..n tie
premises of No. 1, ^^]|on terms will be mado known

,, JOIPV IIALDK.MAN.

Al^o. nf the same time and placo, I will (dh-r foi
sac' part oi my property, adjoinin^r fjj,. above No. j l^'arer," :;7 ets. por do/.on
coiitamm^r about ir)0 ACKKS. This fa

Primordian, boautifnl Scarlet, i>r(Mluctlve, not hi-h
I N I ir, .) ( ( ts. p< r (h (/en.

'fivoli^ Scarh I, \ory large, beaiuilul otimable, very
pi'od lie five.

I nepio Searhd, li'j:ht scarlet, rich flavor, nexlerate

...rm is under

:nod lonees and in a lii;xh state of cultivation : has a
^iduiihle young (hehanl (just coming into full bear-
in^'), a good jiroportion of Timber Land, ^^reat fpian-
titiesof Locust, ami several Limestone (,)Marries.—

ihc iniprovoments are a two-story Dwellin^r HOISI-:,
hani, ^M-ain-house, and tho number of out-builnin<^«^
r;''l"n-"i npun a farm. This Tract is also adjuinim^

'•,'Sus.piohanna l:I^or ('anal and Ibiil ib.ad, and
the well known Locust Grove, (ndst Mill, and I)i<-
tjllory, (forming a market at vour door) as well as
tlio Mansion n'si.lence id" the saibscribor, who will ho
bl''!if<Hlatany time to give further inf.rmation and
P;irticulars. The terms will be (»f tho ea^e^t do.crip-
il^^i— ____^ CYIUJSS. IIALDLMAN.

I5L1LD1NU HAKDWAKK AND TOOL STOKE

,p, , EXCLLSlVKbY

1 he If

Lodoisk, searlot, excellent flavor, produetiv<>.

Spiral, elongated cone, usually produces second
crop in Soptcmbor.

\ iidorine, large, fine flavor, wry productive.

Ihdo, very largo, ri<di flavor, pi-oductive.

Iphigenia, large, fine flavor, prn<luotiv(\

Sylvestris, scarlet, conical, \oi'v productive.

('amyragnia, large, crimson. ])riiito(] cone.

.M\ tolene, crimson, roundi-h, rich t!a\or.

l*-\ciio. Large, beautiful, excellent, very productive.

Amanda, li;j.hf searlot. juicy, prodii(ti\e.

AN arringtnii, la'ge, crimson, conical.

Proflonia, large, pointer] entio, prodmdive.

Triumphant Montc\ id,.(». o\ato, monstrous, deop
scarlet, Sd per do/en.

Note. — The preceding o2 varieties were originated
by ourselves, and most of them are no where else to

♦u ,? '.^^^^''^t ftn<I only establishment of the kind in ''^' olitained.

the Lnited States. AVM. M. MCld HI-; a IJRO., I -^L'Avoy's Superior, Sehneick's Pi<ti1lato, Long-

^0. 287 Market Street, above 7th, Philadolidiia.— i '^'^"^^'^'^ Pr.difle, Mnyamen.^inL', M'alker's Seedling,

Manufacturers' Depot for locks .d' all kind<. w:M-ran-
tod quality; Premium Porcelain Knobs, over (30 pat-
terns; Silver Platod Ilinires, etc., with the most com-
F'to assortment (d^ all tiie modern pattornsinthisline.
Aiuibiors and dealers are invited to call and examine

La2 IT* ^'^^ Catalogues sent by mail if directed.

W" Hot Air Ilegisters and Ventilators at Factory
^"'^«- [Sept. 1852— 5m-G

Huntsman's Pi-fillate, Ibct-n AN hite, .Mvatt's ]^-olific,
Surprise, and llaiitbois; Kivei- idi/ai, Californian
IMne, Mexican Aljiine, La I)(di(dosa, A'ictoria, La
Liegoise, Brittania, all at ?I per dozen.

Merville, largest Fri^nch variety, i?2 per pair.

Montevideo Pine, very large, beautiful, %2 per doz.

Gcdiath, very large, $2 per dozen. Crebcent Seed-
ling $3 per pair.

188

ADVKRTISEMENTS.

[Sn

\

•iiMiirn.

Tho fulowln^ at 37 ots. per do/.tMi, and S2 j>cr liun-

TO FAIIMI-KS— SAUNK FEirriLl/KpJ

Tliis prepnrfition in (Ifsigiipf] to furnish the soil the vnrio

1

ADVERTTSEMEXTS

Mvatt's Kicanor, Maninioth, (ilobo, British Qlioon "al or inorKanic matermls abstracted from it by plants in' tl'el!'"*

an,l- ITolili,. Hn.„.,„is: r-i.,,ie K;u„l„l,,l,, Ula.k "rw'.l.Sr ',':.„. p.,p,..io„„f t„e .,.. .,r r,,..., ^Z

I nnco, Jenny S iSLMMllnio;, lowa, i5rlnll<'r, Jiurr 8 new Animonia, combined with HiI'liospliateofLitne, Animal Cha
Pin.', Rival ITudson, S.-arU't IMoltino:, C<.lunil)us, und , '""' "l''^"'" '"^''"^'''^''"K '"'''^"^f i ^^'« ^■'">'e formmg'a highly cun,?}
C • * m 1 T> > X' 1 At /I trated Miaimre "^^°"

^eioto ; Klwan<:;or and l>arrv « vso. 1. iMonroo, («on-

TO FAKMJiUS, A(iKl(:LLTURLSTS AM) riAK-

DKNKRS.

ISO

ossoo. Climax, and OraniT'* Rrdlifu- ; 7)ur HisI

lop s

()ran;2;o, Rlack Kock, Abyssinian JVinco, Khorloin,
(Jroon and Flat Ilautltois, Red and AVhito, Rush Al-
])in«) and Klton Pino.

Tho following]; at 2;') cts. por doz., and SI por liund.:
Larp:o Early Scarlet or Karly \ irtrinia, Criiu-MU
Cone. IIdvov'h S(»odrm;r, RostdU Pin.', Ilii-Nni. \\il-
1*»3% M.'tli\<Ml Scarlet, Necked Pill.', Plivli-h >\llit"
and Red Wood, Wliiteainl K.d Alpiwc and Ihmdee.
lie/ (hK'CoUs PiCnirs' (tf' alnive 1(H> spl-'ndiil Chinese
deuhl(» vMri(>tios, i-tkI 'l'r.(> Pdiiio^ of jo variotios.

Tulips, llyaciiiili-, Japan Lili-'S. and all (»tiiiT PmiI-
hous Fl()W(»r runts, includin;!: flic W'liite and VcIIdw
Caloehortus (►f Palifornia. \ ict.r.-ia. Cilo-^^al and
other kinds of Rhu])arl) ; Sea Kal-and A^para'j:n>^.
whioli can now bo transj^orted. Tlelinest Puiopran
Table drapes, in pots, S5 por dozen.

The followin;! Strawberries liav>' Immh rejoetod :

Richardson's Karly, Lato, and ( 'ami>ridi:;e : linrr's

Seedling, Mammoth, Profusion, and Late Prulitic ;

Dcptford Pino, Myatt's Eliza, Pnrd Sp.'iicrr, Old

J*ino, Cushini!;, Princess Alice Maud, Swain^tnne,

( 'uruniber.

This article is c..mp..8.;.l ni tlie same materials as .ir.- found hv
naiy.i.mlhc.Wioi plants. JtconhiBt«„f u mixture (m propt-r

In thus ofTerinpr a new article to the attention of farmers, the r. aii.il)ii» m the nsk ol plants. Jt conhists .,f u mixture hn nr.m r

ative value of which remains to be tested by experience, it i,d; i.r.MH.rti ) of B'-Fhn.^p/mte. of Lime and Mn^„^,ia inr boiKH , ,-

Jired not to venture upon any assertions respectiiiR ,t, calcuiatedtl •"'vfil "i r^ulphnric Acid,) SulpUat^.s ,,/ Ammvnial I'vla^h s:.'/«

'xcite expectations, which perhaps inijiht not be realized; kim* awlLwi', Animal Ch'trcoal, Silicates of Votash, Alinntna ,uJ \l,i^.

iiiij, h(»wever, that the principal constituents of this cnmix.uiv!
have been proved t(»be higlily valuable separately, it is cniifideiiii
belicr»-(l tli:it their roinliin.ition in proper proportions in the *^^
line Fertilizer'' will funn :m fXct;ll«Mit m.-iiinre.

DliUXrioNS FOR [ r<i:.
Tlif FeifiliztT Rh.iiild be .•ippiitil at tlie rale "f two barrels to th

•aet on the Burfacc.

iKTUigl

Keen's Soodlin;:;, Duke of Kent. I^cinh
R\val Pino, Buist's Prize, howniMn, Knevett's Pin-',
lloyal Scarlet, Princessc Royal, Prince of Orleans
and above 40 others as stated in our Catalogue.

All will be well packed and f«>rwardod as directed.

Descriptive Catah)gues of all Trees and Plants
with prices will be sent to post paid applicant^ who
rncloe stamps. | September 1st, 1852.

THE (iREAT STOVE WAKKlIol SE.

J'ersons in want
of Stove.^ o}"anv
*>; (h'seri]ition can
I'l' ac('( minioda-
t('d liy callin;^ at
t h e estalilish-
ne'iit (J'tlio sult-
scrioer, North
Queen st., Eaii-
ea^tcr. Pa.

ilaviiii^ixroat-
\ enhir-riMl his

acre, and spread broad-(

If. on (ipenins; t!ie barrels, tlie salts vhonlii be fniniil .,,,,,, ,,, , ^
pcthcr in lumps, they should bt^ brcikcii, say with the hack f/t
shovel, upon a floor or smooth surt"ai'»>, mid if convtiiit>iit. ;i litfu
uoorj drv mould may be added, and well iiiix«'d before spreudinif

I'or Wheat or rye. our barrc! piT ;ifre iii:i\ be \\srt\ befcire gow.
'/inp'. and Ii«jhtly h.irrowed in, and llie other applied ;is;i top ^\J^^
llitr (-arlv II! the spriiifj, ;it tin- fotiiiiieiii'eiiuiil of the lir.st tli;i\V

Upon (Jrass It should be sown bro;id-r;ist. and, ii poBsiiile. whfn
the proniid IS wft, or when there is a proliaiiilitv of rain, td (Jn.
Solve the fertili/iiiL: snlts; irencrall-,- I.ate in the fall or early in the
Hpt iii!x, will be fouinl to answf^r best-

I'piMi Corn, it .vould perhaps be advisable to apply one hnrre! ,:;
the hill, and (ine tiroad-easf.

If added to the uiMmire or compost pile, the Fertilizer will doubt.
less increase ;:reatl> the »'frie;icy of the mixture.

The experience of afjriciiltiirisls will probably gujjirest other
modes of employing it, as soon as they become satigfied of it« utili-
ty It should not, liowt"ver. in any case, l)e mixei] with quick-lime
which wall cause a loss r)f Aininonia, nor should it be buried deep-
ly 111 the soil

l"F" Vrwc, ^■:! -n per barrel.

.Manufactured and f r sale bv

CAirn J{ Ac SCATTERGOOD,

June, 1852) OiFice, ^4 Arch st, Philadelphia.

Old li'Ti/oiibil.) (»f any size or capac;tr,
lie coiistructioii are well caleiilated for Fnr-

PUMPS, FIRE EN(JIXES, CAST IRON FOLV

TAINS, Sec, &c.

The subscrilier niainir.-utnres Poiilde-actintj I. at and Fore*
I'nnips. I [)t'rpendienl;ii
which from their simi
tories,'Mine8, Railway Water .Stations, Tainurus, iJreweries, Ir-
rigation, Ilytlropaliuc establishments, or any other situatiuu whtff
\vater is rerpiired.

\ llJ,A(Ji: AND FACTORY 11 Hi: i:\GL\K9,
Ilaviiiu' a double-acting force punij) They are Uglit, easily handled
and Worked by (>w men.

Cistern and \\i II I'lunps, for in or out doors.

Garden Ihiijines, wiih a sinall size double actinp^ lift and fdTM
pump. Arr.aiiijed wither without suet ion. Tiieyare so adjuitid
that one person can wheel them from jdace to place, and are well
calculated for a;^rien!tiiral and horlicnltural jiurposcs.

Ornamental cast-iron I'oiintains of various styles and i'ru'ts.

Copper Rivetted Hose of m11 sizes, ilose Coupliiiys, J^lnp clk.'!*
Lead and r-ast iron pipes, \-c.

I am now ready to receive onlers and build Steam Jliieiii'rs iron
3 to 10 horse power, portable or stationary, horizontal or p •rpeiidi-
cular. 1 shall build tliem mas a simple a style as possible, cnm-
hincd with 8tr<'iij,'tli and sure of gettiii;.,'^ at every j)art, and adapted
for any purpose recpiired. When an engine is recjiiired fur raiiini
water of any amount, I can adjust the pumps iii a compact fortJ

having

tored into an arrangement with the colebratod
Stove ]Manufacturers of Troy, Albany, New York,
Philadidphia, and Lancaster, ho is pi-epared to
pell Stoves for the Parlor, Kitchen, Rar-roum, or
Store, at Mdiuifartiirers 2)i'ires.

lie also bofi^s leave to state that he is the sole
Af/cn( in Lancaster for the Celerratei)(jIloi{e Stove,
and would caution the public aj^ainst the imitations
of this celebrated Stove, now in the Lancaster mar-

A\ arehou.se, and i ea.>ily got at, and (liscojijiecteil from the engine, when not required

also en-

for pumping. In manysituationssieam is the jnosl profitable mode
of raising water, as the engine can be used for other purposeii
advantage.

Also prepared to receive orders or give information upon Lathet
Plainers. Presses, Sliafting, I'nllies, and machinist tools in geiiert,
from the hrm of Messrs O. Snow it Co., Meriden, Conn.

Any coniiuuniratioiis bv mail will have immediate attention.
G. n. FARNA.M,34 ClifT St., near Fulton, N.Y

AGRICULTURAL IMPLKAIEXT W A REIIOrSE

ket. As they are unquestionably the l)est Cookinn;
Stove in use, it is important that those who are look-

infr for such an article should know that the only lilace ; most approved patterns, warranted to cut, by iiand power
-nrK ^...^ i-iw. .. . • 1 1 « 1 : ^i- I • / 1 r I one to two bushels of roots per minute ; liamborough's ceic

where ihi>(/enuin<i one can be liad is at his establish- j Gnnn Fans; Grain Cra.lles, Revolving Hay Rakes, self-sl.

lie is able to refer to more than fifty rcspec

ment.

table families in Lancaster co., where there Stoves
arc now in daily use. Wherever they have been tried,
they have superseded all others.

G. D. SPRECIIER.
Sept. 1, 5m.] North Queen st., Lancaster.

Ao. G5, Chcsnnt sfrref, Plnladdphia.

Till- subscriber offers for sale. Ilay, Straw, and Cornstalk (>
ters; Cornstalk Cutters and (jrinders; Corn Cob CrU8her> «■
Grindeis; Corn Slietlcs and .Separators; Root Cutters. <>r »«

' • ir :i

_ _ _ n . ''"^P*"'

ing Flows, various paterns ; plain jxdnt Flows of various j)atter«»i
Subsoil Plows, Harrows, Cnltivatorsor Hoe Harrows, Churns.^*
Drills, Corn Planters. Corn Shellers, Scythes, Grass Hooks, SpaO*
Shovels, Rakes, Hoes, hay and manure Forks, &c., &c.

Orders received for any and every Agricultural Implement no*
in use. which will be furnished at manufacturer's prices

D. LANDRKTH.

August, 1852.)

No. C5, Chesnut st , Phila-

I

iiwiLitH'^ — , ^.. .....,.,.• ,y i i/n*,^«, yiiumtna ntvl ^In^-

n,»ia, and, itl these constituents indicate, I8 intmd.d to restore to
I!,,, soil all the inorganic materials abstracted l)y vegetation Jt
iias been ascertained tliat a soil containing a suihcienl (lu.intilv of
. ts. i«alwa\8lertiie.- a,.,! their absence conat.tutes uh it

818 of ricli hoiIh shows a

t)ie»e nits, IS alwa>s fertile ; an<l their .•
li railed •• H'era-e;'/ Lnnil.'^ 'I'lie anal>
g<>.x| supply, and i)oor land a de|,cieiie) .

T/ie inorganic matter al).>^lracted from the soji by the j/r<«\vtl. of
diir»'reiiter..psi8the same, v.iryiug only in propMrt'ion ■ it ih there-
f„re evident, that il we .supply to the soil a siiiiieifnt '(luantilv of
eacli material thus abstracted, we restotc its i.rtiiity

The eorre.-tiiess of the above h.as bt-en fully sustained by the u.se
„f the K/t//|--'r. tlie last Beii.v.n. It has b.-eil MMvl oi, ,„„ ,r I llid'

uiid twenty-hve to twenty eight buslu-ls of wlieat .d.i.ui.ed u'ltli
a »u;)erior crop of clover. A.s a t..p-dre.ssiiig o). u h.al, eu-hr buKh-
cHad.lltional )ield liasl)een re.ilized. On tin; k,, ring crops o(e,,rn
• Kits and clover, the >ield li.aH be.Mi (h^hb-d. It h.as been used ,,n'
Itiesanie held (asaii expermiei.t; wilhthe best I'.ruvi.m (,u .no
|,.,th Mil corn and oats, and the jnld h,-.s resiiltt;(l m lav,.r o( ' the'
Fertilizer. Tlie nio.st respectable reference cun b.; .'iveii .^C as
value and effects on poor lauds.

This article h.iving been used with .such favorable results the
maiiulaeturer now (.tiers It to a;,'ricnltnrisf,s, with the ml c',,m'i
df-Mcc that It will largely repay for liie outlay, inid that it ih the
ch'-npegt niiiiiure they can use

Oiivery poor land, two barrels to the .or,- .should be applied • ..i.
that IH better conditKMi, (me and a half b,,rr( i.s It is c ik in it.-.i m
uiing two barrels, you supply to the soil suihcient salts for'a rota-
ti.iii. Anntop-dresBtna^ima barrel put(ai aiVr a ram, or when the
land .• wet, and in ail casea near the surface and not i,loNL'h,(l m
t.r(«id-ca«t and harrowed when practicable. The Ammonia m thu
preimratioii is a >ulphate and tiierefore not volatile as in Uuano-
the Hi-l'ti..8phat.^saiid Sulphates being soluble, the rain dissolves
tli«;iii,ai,d they thus saturate the s.ul with prepared f.MKi, read v for
ttie iinuriBhuient ot the plant; being rich in Sulphates, they are
l^wertul absorbents of AmuKmia from the atmosrdiere

One fact peculiar to t!,i« co.np.mnd is that such portion ;.s mav
not heuhstraeted fri.m the soil mc hrst crop, remains in the^r.-un.l
until consumed by after vegetation One l,;.rr.d of Chapne.r^ Im-

I,l'.n1m h""p'' """^^';''""" """^' ^^'"V"'-/^ '^fUm.nM contain-
I I I ^1 J. n » '"'" """"' ^"^•'■^^"riN ''> the ap,,licaln,u of two
lorrelMliH)lbs)toaiiacre the ground is .uppl.e.l with as m c
pansphate of ime as if m lbs. best IVruvian (Vuam, had been used
and the h ertilizer is furnished at Uc, than Unlf the cost '

VV e add a few certihcates. We could add ot/ur,, hut this mode
e vX'^r !' *;f' -;'^'^'^'-f^-- «'""^!'t '- sufficient to reccnnmend ,
^"U.ve'the;r^:m '''''''' ''' "" ''''"'"''' "-'-'^' ''> [

Ti.ef.llovviiig from gentleme,, ..f hi^r), Hf.nidm.^r. testilies to the '
^Miuf the Fertiliser, conipaicd with I'en, via.rand Patag,:,."
'^^.iiio. (1 loui torn. r. Ai> C. .Jont-s, W a.siiington.;

p c* ;. ,.. ^'^^^^ J'i^'»^'''-CT Hir.i,. Va , A|)nl -JO, 1M2

^ dm^^^^^^^^^^^ -.py of tlie n,.Mnnore Sun. , f ,7,h .M.rch.

11. iL^' Isl-ii'd hav,. sooner ,arknowle,|.od ^<^n^utu■u-

^u^'v^r^:'''''r'" "■'■■ =' '""^^'"-^ -l-velopnient ol tiie dice u
ot y., r he tilizer h.-iore I wrote. Vou mav recollect that a tout
a )ear ago] purchased the hrst Fertili/.er, " a ton) with w 'hi

wislS . ?^'''''''':^ **^J"'" ^•••«^- The effect on the barley

V..l^. ; ^' '" ^'"'V^ ^''« Fertilizer beyomi all question ; w He
> . U e I;""' """' ^'''''^ '^'•^ difference' was scaVcely dice a!

; t el ufnr''''.'^^''''''''-. The ground on which the i.-^rley grew

pu .In ha' !r.^''''''''' ^'^ '" ^^"- '"""t heart, 200 lbs. ni I', ruvi m
'-.^wlw^s done' ;;:;?"'!'> •" ''?•" ^''""^vlng,butbeb.rej;:;i?
'^■u.io w?s ^ar Jm^^^ 1 V'-niock-s dnil. The last d.essmg of

'.'ressinPofJ^^', ^ f'"^" broadcast transversely to the sirnne

I'X whifh 'J''' ''■';' V\'''*^'^'^'' "f *''« Fertilizer, through t?
^^^^^'Ci^^^^^^ '^'' Peruvian and Patagon.an gua.n, a ,'j

"» which the Pert, I "■"''*^' obliquely the belt of about sixt)' feet
Mv whlJ ; J''''^«'- was used about a y(-ar ago. ^

'ni.d wa8nIo,\lh . ""'"' ?''"'•■"' "^ ^^'^- ^'^^'^o"' '^^''''t middling ; my

•^'Tthe less t^ ^ «^verely irom a rednndancv of moisture I
-i ^tZil^J' 7^'-'' '''' the part on which the Fertilizer was

Pr-misin^ than tl.l. »f better color, and is m everv respect more '
d"uble dresR* ,i r ""''^ "" ^'^'^^^ «"'« '>^ it- notwith-standing the
a^'res of por^^n'.mf. "''"'' !" ""^ "^ *^^ Fertilizer. I have also ten
and sown in P,.r!, • ^" w^'f'^t. on which your Fertilizer was u«.ed

"""^of •ovvin^y "u" "^'^'^ Peruvian guano and repeated at the
.1.^.... r.^"'R the wheat: thn p^rf.i.^jl. »,x r„- u.,- ■ •

First— Thatat an erjiial co«t, U'/M /^vWaif.r nii.i r,.r . .
vemencemits applieUnm y. ur l\ rt. .^.-r Z- /; ^^'''"'*'^ ''"'•*
average quality o'f'peru v."; V-n. w 1.^ a "t ant,?""', '" ^"f
more dinuUe in its .(reel. o„ uUer crop. "i'P'ud, and iimch

^econdl\— That SIX hundred ix.iindHftWo b•lr^..|»^ r

zer, incorporated with the «ml vitl th(. • r mw be "r ' ';""'"''-
P '"'ting, IH b.tier than ((,(, p.umr. P r^J n. , *" "■''''"'« '"
"'•■ fanner is compHled to add w O. v -rv . *^ ",'"' t'» WJ. ch

and a half hushelJ gy .«:;. lH^ "^ U'^^./^h wlKi , ^i;'"^' ""«
at the lowest ratcH, to w»iu u will uriiig theguaim,

Wliilst C(»bt (»f 1,00 liju fertilizer *r.0O

Difference in favor of f( rtilizer,

Veiy rtspeellully, \r

T AP. C.J(;.\j:.s.

81 60

i

;..Ku,. ,„r ,,„' ,..„„.,„.,„,. ,n ,„".' r: ,",:,»i:.':;'';,t;", ','■'" 'f'

lime toHay, that tw.. or three ^, os .e.. i , '" 'i/t. I I, ,ve l.nt

''-relsbywa>oM.perin..n.- I :,':,', r,;;'^^''',*'^ "'"•'^
enty, and this >earl vill drop ,t ou everv I , V "''^^■"''^ •" «• v-
My experience of ,t. use on ('or , n tl e o ' ''"'" "'"^ ' '''^'"t-

j iiH.'U.vKh.j \\(,i; iniN.'/j'ox.

I ^.Mo«,,..,„cllully, j:i)u. U WoKlHlM/rox.

(i'r -n Kev i)r Johu.. Kcctor of r|,r..,t rhureh, Haltimore )

v.-to,>eiawar.,;[h:^reVh:d\;:op:;;:;;./;.r.;:i;::;:::^^^^

..IS (f y,H,r Agricultural Salts, in l,,e pr..tu(-t,on ..fwl/.-it T.
were applied to two field«-„ue ,.| twenlv a Ves V .. .l ''•'^r

^^•^';t>-e.gMt. The,,,r,neri.suuiforu.k.VMd_ 1 tT.7 IH '^

has been.b.mag.d by the growth of blueV m !,'"''" '""'

^.r.-shedm.t.an.,c.^;:i;ci;.;;'ih:ab,:;;^!!^^^^^^^
?;;;ri^;l:^i-:rr;n:v::r;:-;;;;;:;;-^

Vour triend and ol)'t fi rv t

l)r.J.d,n8 purchas.al, last n.Il, ,hirt.'wi^:: Lhe;::',M^^
above on lorty-nine aer.-s, n.,t more than 1 bMrrM *'^

been applied t.; the acre. ^ '"^ ^« t"-"« 1 . l-arrels could have

sVu«''!u\'' '■',', '7' ■•'^""[.'^"le of stable and guano m.annre- the
use I f. '. '"'' ""' '''^'^'«^ Potatoes Where ,|,e S s'w s

use , the land wa. thin, and on a h.il snJe ; I used ab.an i bMs

to the ..ere ,n the furrow, with the usual att, nt AI l^on l !*

came up to my expeetati.a.s ; the pot .»o, . wce lar e ad f 1^
P'Tior .p.alilN , and the crop (nil, oi e.,hi,,i e ,- , r f / ' [ """

;;-'^' -'-I— i-.dw;lsmnch rich, ;;^an ;::/;. ;;'!

-I, .rn.y potatoes. The same ,., c- .,n,,, , .^../.V; 1,
'. ulrat the (nrn.w.e.M, be seen d,8l,inrv s-o.ne ,;;.,, ^-l
showing that the Pertni/er is .till aefm^^ m the s,,il

sha^

lis.- the Fertilizer this year

l)e|ii(> fij!

y

Hatished that it is the cheapest and be.^t ma,,, re ,l.;,r | ,.,n nse ( r

.^.t cr,.p. Several (.f my neighbors intend uso:.l|'. '.';.'

I..S year have paid great attention to the cnltivat,,,, o ,,.'.'

K.r the Haltimore mark(-t f<.r n.my years, and from my expe n .c*

.,elg;:b;:rs'^:!i.;';;^^e-t;!eZrrm:^^

encem quality. Yours truly, L^kkin" Vouio

iJalto. CO., near Ilarrisonville, March 15.

""i«of H)wiu<rZ T » f-uvian guano a

•fi^uld I live t,.- wheat; the Fertilizer so far holds"it8 own, and
TheconcL^rfjy:^V'>^*^«.y?"P«rticular "

The concluBinnff 't, l will give youparticulars of the harvest
experiments are:l '"^' ^"'""^ *" brought by the foregoin

j I'xtract of letter n from Dr. K CifANOLER.

I CiiKSTER Cou.vTY, Pa., Alay 2.5, IP."-,"

I On the 20th (;f August, 18r>0, I applied JaO lbs. of ynur Ferhli/er

, on a fourth of an acre of poor land, that h;,d not been farm, !l br

i f..rt> >ears previous to the application of the Fertilizer. I h.-ul the

ground ploughed n, April and htieued over it 10 bushels of I,,,, e

and about the same of ashes, and chip dirt fr.un wo-.d yard har-

rovvcd It w.dl with cultivator, and when I put on the Salts J s.'.wed

m Turnip ^e(;(Tim.th> and Ch.ver and fim.she.l (Mf with a brush
rim crops Ol rurnips ^vns7^) bushels, that at 2,". cents brou.. t
SI .,.,0 and at the rate of i?70 per acre. Last summer < 18.31) t I
crop of good hay was 1,100 lbs , or at the rate of 2i tons per aci-e
and now f.Vay, 18:2) the appearam-e of the grass ;,n the^sar^ ef,;
far better than it wa.s la.st year Many persons have beeii to «e^
this srria. though satisfactory exp^nuumt, and are bee r .gem!
Vinced of the benehts of your Ferti'izer. «- ^iinng coii-

Price-iif.lper barrel, and containing GWlba

Pamphlete C(Hitaining certificates can be .detained hv nddressinir
j„,vi IP-. P-STO(KTONCilAPPKl,U

M n 'iv''- ., ,. 115 Lombard St. Baltimore,

for fh!?!, J'n"^ ^'SHPPointment, farmers desirous of a Bupply
for their Fall Crops should order early. ' *^ ^

•

{

W-S'T

190

ADVERTLSEMRNTS,

[SEp-rrMnKu

:«

fau3ii:rs! jAHiiv TO \()Li? intkiiEstT

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1 lii.s Macliino was I'atent.^,1 ,l„!v U. I«0. and lias
l-.eoiv,.,ltl,olii-l,t..st ,„■,.,„„„„ at all 111,. Kxliil.iiiniis
"iicri- It has ever bmi .■,,nt.-stcil : in,-I»iliii<: Now

h.'^ )H ,?r!r' V"^'^^^-«•^^^ A.^riruUnral SuciotN , ()e•t(,-
A-ri(MiUiiraI Soeioty, Oct()ber iTth, ISod; Marvlanil
.state A^ncultural Sociotv, October 23(1, 1S5(), and
U-t.)l,,T J4th, mi, and Miehi^^an State Agricultural
Njciety, .Sept.'rnbor 25th, 1851.

TIIEAliOVK hlin.Liv n..t liable to <n>t nut of
repair, IS cxceedsnly simple in it^ e()n.s(rueti(.n, will
!>o\N point rows in all irreo;ular shaped ti(Ods, and pos-
fiossess superior advanta-es to all others in the ease
and (pnckness witli whieh it ean bo re-ulated to row
Jinj (losired (piantity of (irain per Acre, whilo the
'11 alt upon the horses is twentv-five per cent, li^rhter
and eonse(|uently with the same labor, can seed one-
lourth more <;r. und p.-r day than with laost other
mar uno. now in us «. TIh- obj.M-tion so nmnn-.n in
"niliiiu- M:u-hnu'< ,.(■ b.-cniniii- ('hokkd if the s<mm1 is
not perf.Milv cleaned, i< ciitin-Iv obviatod in the Sim-
p.c and l'r.-u!i:ir construction of this Drill, a< ^\hite

MYK|;S' ('HKMTCAL ANIMAL MAM KK.

!l u-.nr ^^ ^^''«''^«l-'ts vhrupuv^H ami .M.i ,,ris,n- eflVrts ,n pro
q'lalitTeg?^" ""''^ '" '■'"■ '^'"^^ «f 8«''l-'s l^'SUnfi and ei.durmg

eZll^?'.'!'^''"''*"'" '-'"(^" '•''« '"^^'^''^re to the public w.th a f ul I knowl-
iinrM .'...? I^'^veriul effects npci -n.UMci where use.). Tins Ma-
U..,iJ r , '^^ precedence above all others ; its adaption to all
nr^J.r. ?'"'• ^"^' '^very particle of fertilizing properties bem^
preserved in the mode of manufacture, render it at once cheaper
inauany other mannre used for all kinds .ifrr-.ps Its rffrrts are
woiKU-rlul A supply alwa\ 8 nil hand, \\M. MVK|{s,

seventh Street near Germantown Roarl. Kensiiifrton, IMiila.

READ TllK FOLLOWING CEKTIUCaTFS

T,AT «T ,r „ Gkrmantown. Octobers, 1851.
Mo Alyers-Sir— Having tried your t hemico-Animal
manure up,,,, potato -round, this season, I find it produce one-third
"">reand larger potatoes than the best horse manure mi the same
S'"^""^»- WM. K. Cox.

The following additional certificate just received, speaks tor itself.

, , , ^VooPBURY, N. J, lOth mo. 'iOtli. 1851.

I have used upward of 1000 bushels of Wm. Myeks' Am.mal
-vtam'Re, on corn, potatoes, turnips, melons, and some other crops
during the present 8eas(ui. and am satisfied that it is an economical
an.l powerful manure, for turnips, radishes, and other r(K)t crops—
niy experience has shown it to be especially valuable

David J. Griscom.

enps aTid <hort straw will not interfere In the lea«
with the re^nilar <listribution o{ the seed. It is w;ir-
rant.M] to distribute the se. <] evenly; to sow an?
.piantity per acre commonly s(.wn broa-lca^t : to'nMt
cut or break the orrains; to'be well made with -.x^i
materials and durable with proper care.

Having sold about d(Mi of the above Drills the T,hFt
season, all of which met with the unqualified appro-
bation of the purchasers: and after can'tnl and tho^
oun^h experiments, whirh have resultd in Sriil (In^at-
'•!• lni))rovcments, we now feel wanantr:! in sivin;'
that Moore's J*atent Seed ;ind Cntiti I'linr-r iniprn\"
ed, is superior to any other machine for tli.' jiurpuse,
now in the market.

llavini; made arran,n;ements to furnish 1000 of th"
;il>ove Machines ftr sale the coming!; .Season, wo shall
be prcpart'd, at all timev, to supply (.rd^r^ wiihout
delay.

|t»^>?"Al] ordors addrossod \n the undersi^rnffhvill
warrant ]>r(>iiipt attention.

id:i:, i>Kiit(d: .^ \a:k.

Aun;ust, J,S52.J ErrHdoiui r. (>., Chester Co., Va.

nialMainirealiout .IP acres of tlie poorest land on inv firni. aiiri prt
ii.ilt ill Oats. ;iiid tie hrilauc' m r,.,M, A Itlmiioli' it umb R't :ii
(piite late, and the SeaS'Mi very unfavorable lor the Corn iTop pfn-
eraliy, yet iKitwithstanding, I can say that it is decidedly the t'e«t
Corn I ever raised, althoii^i, j 1,;,^,. farmed for 20 years, and have
had good Corn land, and M.inured well, as I thought, in the old way
While my neighbors' Corn was quite yellow and leaves curled op
with the drought, mine was green and growing rapidly; therefore,
I consider it one of the most valuable manures I ever used, and
shall take pleasure in recommending it to myneighborsand otheri.
Yours respectfully, E. M i^KKi.?.

M xxr «r -r^ ^'*^'No ^ »"'" Farm, Cecil County, Md.

Mr. Wm. Myers— Dear gir— I manured with yonr Chcmico-Ani-

siihj:\s jiub, augur and box reoula iok

Tin: subscriber residing in Dillsburg, York county, rtniifylva
ma, has invented a new and improved Augur for the Intringof liuh«<
and setting the boxes of wagon. carriage and other vehicle whedi
for which I have obtained letters patent.

The Augur will bore both ends of the hub at the same time,o'
either separately— and is the most useful and important invention
of the age for insi-rting wagon boxes and the only Machine in n-
istence by which they can be inserted exactly true— and is 8«» p*"'-
fectly simp'e in its construction, and cruistructed on such just \w-
ehanical principles, that it cannot possibly get out of repair.

With this Augur a set of boxes can l)e inserted in a few minulfi

— Avhere under the old system it requires hours to perform the

same amount of work.

Persons wishing to purchase Territory or Shop rights will ple«»<

11 sell on terras thnt will enahle the

HENRY SIDLE.

address the subscriber, who wi
purchaser to make money.
Dillsburg, April, IBS^-tf

t

ADVKirPfSEMKXTS

COKNKLL'S JMI'K(>\ Kl> SKId' KiOliULATlNG
JloliSK i»()VVKK,

On the endless chain plan, for wiii.h letters patent
^ere obtained in Fcdjruary, l«o2, is now <,ffrre.| t..
the public with the assurances that it will be found

ini

TO TIIK IWb'MKi:^ (.!■ I'KWmi \ \ \ i a

i RonUCE & CoM.MI.s.S|oN .Ml K( HANTS

. J^n w '^ '''-'■ ^^'"'^^ ''"II.ADKI.PHIA.'

t-c fully iMfnnn I'nrmers, Millers and otlie,B that tl.^v „

.to attend to all bn.in.-ss entrusted t,. the r V ' "'wa^^

lO nrdlniif ■■••■a liii.t ....41. ... . .. • ' ' *»'ll| (III).

Hespectfully

pr<")iu"f

— . ; [August, lbj2.

Til

■v pauK (i( ( (ii.icp yoniig

'"•K ••W:islHli-t Ml.'"' iiuvv

,,, possess advantages over all ..thn. ,^•^^ ,„ n^r. U l-^»' «•>•« P'omptueB.'amrwah^M';^'^;^^!';''' ?''•• '
vrill op.'rafe at a lks.s (;radk, will ;rivc , nor, power at ""^^ »'"'^'>'"2e them. ' ^^•''"^" ^^i^ ^-the n.terca oi ti.usewho
the SAVE (;kai)K, and irllh Irss hihor to the horse thaii
,ii,y other. The C(»mparatively small elevation at
Mliich this power operates efliii,.iitlv, ulirvos that
ruinous amount an<l kind uf labor wirudi i^hor povV-
ers generally imiHKse upon horsr^, .,,,,,{ it is beliovrrl
that its advanta;;es in thi.s inip,.it;uit respect alone
ifit p(»sse.s.sed no oth-T, imi.M -Ivo if .liiira^.i',.,. .j,,,j
l,riii-it int.. very general n.... |5,j( ,),;, ,.,.,;,jj |^
further pp.iiP.trd by a iiio^t happy cninl.inat inn of
lorc.'s wliirli -ivo^ to It ;in e.\,-,'("din-Iv li-lit and ea<v
nioti..!!. Til.' pi.iilonn di-iini,s an- Inr-o,' ;ind tlic ar-
rftn;;<iu.iit .d il,r whujo <lrivinn; ;ipj,;i,..t,,,,, , |yj^._

ti..ii rollers r-hices the friction ol the iih-udiinc to
.such a .di-lir :i]iiMiint tli.it an jjnin.t iiia|.j.n-ci;ibl<'
fniction ol til-' p ,\vor exort-MJ bv llio li<,r,so will' , nit
iho whole in motion. It i^ tliei-of';,iv poculiarly adap-
ted for .Irivih- li-lit !ii;ic!iinor_v, Ashoivan exro'ss'of
speed would eiidan;i;ertiio ni;iri,i,,,.fv drl\rn • and vt
thes.dhlitv and stren-th o| ih,. p.,u,'r uro ,<iir|, tliat
it !.«< e<|ually well ;id;it.t(d to iho ,lri^ in- ..f ti,^ heavi-
est kinds ol jiiaennnry.

But it possessos (dhor ;td\ ant;i;res— the Power is
under the eontr.d of a ( io\ i:i;N.,ii ,,k Skm d^Kor f. vn.i:
\- If MM' l'"'>v..rs are s^enor.-illv conMnirt-d n.. ofll'
cient means ar.. pno.idod i;,,- n-ulatin- th.j .s.^vd <.i

I<r

^Ui

ardiu

- acrainst accidents arisin;^r f^,,,, „„jy^
veloeitv A portion of the machiin-ry driven, or
of the Power itself, may be thrown out of ..(sar and
from this cause or Home otli.r, a -ready i,p.r';i<rd
velocity may be -ivon to t!io r.Mn:iinin- part ^ of thr
nuennery, and an inrrea.se of spocd .bin-rorous to
tlH> hnibs of the h.PM^ AH sm!, dlfr.-nltie. :,re
''ntiroly obyiafd ly a (Jovernoraiwl Friniou Hrake'
which re-ulate aad eomrol all nndu^^ Nob-itv nf the
lower. Corneirs i>ower thus ron.Mruet.d, n'.M.latod
and controlled, IS sin-ularlv cnpable of the hi^d.e.t
••xm,t,n which Hi,-h ni:,:i.Mnorv .an :.Main '^
with safety. It is adapted to one" or more horsos

lri;l_V h" desired.

Ahlioiiidi but
nuriiirr id th.

•■'« to (■n;il,;e uk to

liiiaiitity

i'-O (JO
7 .00
8.i (Id
10 00

H.'. (.0
10 ( 0

as

<'UOI('I<: SII\\(.il,\F FOWLS

Willis, -ol.rr .ilfrrs \nr hii!,- ;, (
>li.Mi;4li;o- (o\viH, Hirt-d l.vtilf ( , ,.•!,, ;>r.,v
('Wdi'd l)\ Dr. .M"Im!,..'Ii .mkI i .■•,iif,.,i i., '. . n i . ■

">'- ■ Al. .n>M.--.o.\v,,;t..s,;:,,,;.';;;,,'.:'^' '■■"■' •■""■

I'Kll.l.s: M;ii,i,s:i |i|;ii,i V,. ,1

i'.u.''::!,"iV:,'r,i;:;;;r'» "■'"• '■ '•• •■""• "-■- --: :i:z

\\ e have HO improvrd i,i,,| Hi,i,pli(i,.,| ,,nr Di

St'll It at the followini,' l .(iurrrl r;il.K

One with H.'veii luheH an,! w,,. k|, a ."S.'td K,i

r»-«4ulated by Sert-w-,
For eaeh additional Tnlu',

^?"" Vt'."" "V-e";"' *^ •'■'' ^^""^rs, rcpniaterl with H.rrws
l.acli adilitioiial 1 uhe,

r>cven Tubed rlo,Sni-l.- FlMpper.aiid Paf. i;t [p. n •<,,,,,- |.,,i|, ^^

Whl<-h,by the lliovrmeiitnrii kiiikI.- hc,<u- i s r," iila t r'u

te seed «Hy desired (piaiititv per acre, "^

l.aeh ndditioiKil Tube, '

In ad.l.ii,,,, to the loregr.iug, ^e are building a lar^e number 'of

Slide prills, which have been sainfactoriiy trste.l and a/e war

ran e,| dee.dediy superior to any other SSI.de Drills'ii t e n.-.S"

part.cu arly in the even d.str.buti<,n <.f the Grain upon run "l h' I

and hilly ground ; also m the facility and pn.ionl.y wh.e l,t i

;r' : VT'o ""^; •'•■«'^-'n"""t'typcra!.re, „s v;...ll a«, the

iKiitneHS .,1 draft, and jienrral Hiinplieilv and diirahilitv

J-or one of these Maehines with aev.-n TubcF, vm iki

'• cachadditioii-iltidu.. ' ' ' ( f,

Tli.-ab<,ve.Marhin,H;,rr\\iirrant.d ii.,l to Cut, Hr.-ak, (,r \\'L-l

f.rain , to be ma> i il,,- Im-sI materials, in a KuhMantial and work-

manlike rnaneer, and t. doth., w-i k mure perfectly than any oth»-r
Iheyare Uot ii..l.le to choke with white caps or straw andare
suited to rough and hilly, as well as smooth and level land

Owing tothe peeuliar form of onr depositiiip tul.es, tlo-v run
^l^.si.-r and to-e theniHelv.slreiM fiUh better tl.an any ollo-.s — .
I liese luhcH arr siippM-.l \v,l!i R.-versible ."-t.-el IVniifH. .itiM-r .-nd
ol whieh can b- exlriidcd as lln-v become worn Thr .s,n,ir!an.-
ons throwing into ••md out of operation of ||,..s-. d distrila.tiiH' and
depositing apparatu.M.wliir.h wr hav.- patmtrd r. lul.rH onr ina-
eiiine eap.il.l,- , ,( |„ing riiaa:,gr,| \v-,t.!i inndi nion- .-as.- and ( .•rtain-
ry, parnriil;,r!y i,, K.-cJing pnintaud ,.ther ine-nlar land.s. than any
otli'T >eed I'lanter. ^

We also m.oiur.actur.- lb .r.sr-P.uvrrfl and Tiirrshfrs, Ch.vrr
Fliilbrs. with and vviIIimuI Jans. llMrs,--Hak, h. C, ,rn->l,rilrr«. Ao-
Also. Mrarn J.;iigiiu.saiid Mill Work, Sr, cu' ('n-finir d..n.- to ord.r-
rasnngsof evrry (le.scri|ilio|,, ui ll,,- l>rst .jualitv, fumisli.-d at
\\ iliiiington rriiTH. s A .M. I'LWoi K

K'eiinet Sr|uarc, ( "li< sicr cMniity, |'a
r.>— raschall .Murris A Co, We^lChester. are Agents lor any
Machinerv we build. '

July I, 10.V2— 3m.

GUANO AM) TLANl I:k.

"T Til' subscribers ..fTer for s.tle at the lowewt market rales.
^ 1000 ToiiR Dry rafagnnj;, (Jm mo.

\(vy rer-ently prodneed. ;i larcrf*

• ,., , '"^^'•'■•^ h;ive be-n sold in acomniunity

nwlnehtho.o.d' Wheeler, Fuierv .V ( 'o., and ot he.-I

iia\e Ihcii 111 ti<o.

•^' the I xlnhMn.n ol the Fiiiholelphia Cunntv A---

KMiltural Society, held at the Kisi,;. Sn, ()eL,be7,

.1, me lii;.host premium was awarde-d to Cornell's

^•'«er, althou^r], i„ competition with that of F:mery

^^ J <»., and others. "^

The p.nvor exhibited above wa.s new, atid nia.ie

ll^u^'h subjected to the eh..e exan.ination of tlu"

moml'r.'"^*r',"^-'''^^''^^"'^" ^'^''^ eompo.scd the oflieial
tTe rn 7.1^'^''''' '^^^'>'^'^itions, the result has been of
"le most flatterinrr kind.

founf? L' 'ilr.*'''^ ^'^^^^^^ ^'^^^ exhildted at the Uucks
and It 'i''^'"" held at Newtown. Oc.t.d.er, bSol,
netit;!! • . Il'" '"-'"^'^t premium, altliou-h in com-

P^titon w,th W heoler'8 and others. " I . , , ,„,,,,. .

'^'Iditional infirnnflon r.or. l.n r.^k.\^^A V ^ ** : JLJL Mreet, I luladelphia, a large stock of Seeds of his own
as alMivo ,\\r. '"I 'rmation can be obtained by letter growth,a,vry .wporta»r/7.m ^,;,wrf/,«.Hr.s,nshei8apraetical grow-

inspei '■ ' '

Fifth.

ope

ies and Seed

• 00 " (iov'Tiiiii'-nt rtrnviau Guano.
')00 bbls. ryreiind IMasfrr.

The fpiaiitv of tlie aljovr i.s unsurpassed, nnd enii be recommend-
ed with conhdenee to farrm r.s and otIicrH ui want (d" the articles.
A liberal deduction made to Country Merehants.

AI,f-K\ .V .MIKDIJ'S.
No. 22 fc 23, S. Wharves, First St.)re above Cues, st., i'hila.

NURSERYMAN Sl SEED GROWER

11

AS al\v;(\,s on hafid at hiss^ed Store. 97. (^hehriul

atKIVe (1 r<i f 1 11 T^ • "^ •^"^•^'^ I b-'""^")- ' ^'y •"■/'<"'-"'t"^"i M/ //M^r/|u.>^^.^,MB lie IBU praencai grow-

uuccreu, ana the Power is always open to ^'^•'*"" ''•'* ''*^*'" *^"P''*P*"'' '"'"s •"■"Session over 30 years. Ilisnurse-
jectionat the Depot No Infi Vino stroot Uolnw r>'^'"''""'!"''*'"P'>'*''"^'*''*' ^'^*' '''•""''•^''^''^ and Ornamental Tr^-es,
t'b iMliladcdnhin TJ 1> ; . " : accurately named and properly cultivated. Kyery aiticle sold a[

tiation f , l^'"^* ine l-'atentee is open to ne;^0- '-be lowest rates and warranted to be as represented

Ri(rbfo ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ Township, County or State '.^*^^^^"l«' ii^ S''"""^^^''^""^' ''^'''"'*^'P'"''' ^'""'^"'^ "~
'S"«- A „ '„„f 1 ono '>^ i '■ ^/™' ^^^^y R«^i *wu miles below Gray'* Ferry.

August, lOJ-J. — Jm. June 1, 18ol. r

i:

f

I

M;.--!;';*?''

. ..^ . ,.Vj3!ji!»^"-s

192

ADVERTISEMENTS.

r^^

OEPI !

I

J'.

5r

EMORY <S6 COMPANY^S

KETATL VVJCV. T.IST OF IloKSi: POWKKS, TIIKKSH liUS, SKPAIIATOIIS, SAW MILLS,

Feed Mills, Fiinniii«i: Mills. Ac , .\c.. iirmiir:ift':r''(] l^v th.-ui
elves, iiiul (lelivt-reil uii hoiinl luiy C('iiv<;> aiict's at All):m\. \. Y.,
or at any place m llie L'mted States, by the uililitioii of freight :

Emery's PatHut Chaiigeal)le Power, Thresher, Separator and

Uaiuls eoniplete, for '2 liorsoB, 81-^0

do do do I'JO

Joinery's Improved Wide Rack and Pinion, with Tiircshcr,

Separator, and IJands for *J horses. V20

dn do di> 1 d.. Do

Common or Wheeler Rack and Pinion T 'Wer, Jhrcihcr,

Separator, and Rands, for 2 liors^s, 1.V)

do do do 1 do IIU

<w
111)
1£

If sold separately the fellowino; prices nre charged :

Emery's Chamjeable R. R. Ilor.se Power, for 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

Emery's Wide Rack and Pinion Power, for 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

Common or wheeler Rack and Pinion Power, 2 horses,
do (\o do do I do

Thresher, wifli cylinder 21) inches long, 11- in diameter,
together with >eparat(>r and Fixtures,

110
SO
90
CO
0.3
73

Fanning Mills with pulleys for |]aiid,

92 5, 28, 30

! \'i'X\ il'le CiriMilar >a\v .Mi'', 'Jl iiirli saw. (ilrd and Set tor

s:i\viii<r |{aiiroad-wood. slitting fences, iVc.
I pri^lit i>T lelloe Saw lor Win tlri^uls,
Chiiriiiiig attaclrneiit, for dnviiiy oiu; or two cliiinia at a

tiiiic, dt l>arrel size, exeejit i liMrii>.
Si tt. lliiiils. W'n iiehes. Oil Can, and Kxtras,
Croos (Jilt Si s\ ai raiigiiiienf s lor huttin;^' and oiittiiig offlogs

including Saw, guides ami connections for use,
Feed Mill, Cast Iron ' ialrs,
P'rench Burr Stone Mill, for grinding, 19 inches diameter,

" do do do 'J' I do

Power Corn Sheller tVr 1 or '2 hor.st s, 35 to 30

'i'KL.MS — Cash, or ajJiiri'Vcl lilies, or acreptanci s wiih jnterf*
payable within four months, m Albany, \ew ^"ork, JJostoii, lin,
adelphia. or IJaltimore, aa may best suit the purchaser.

All artic'es warranted made of good materials, and tooperateu
represented, oi may l)e returned vitliin three months, iit the n.
pcnse of manufacturers for Inmie transporiation, and purehaif.
money refund«'d — the purchaser being his own judge iii euchc«'
j For further paiticnlars see previous advertisement, or addtesn
siiliscribcs. Liberal deductions to (leuli I s [.I'cal Aircnts vv c ;
to sell and put the above 111 oper.'ition I",.MI.K\ iV <i'

June, 18.V2. 360 <V 371 I!r..ail\\ ay. Albany, .\ V.

r

:*--.

as ii«iial. bvthe

(iatcliers I'aiiis \v\ I |>c p'lt up when prcfcrri
81,'bseribcr. \\ ho h Ks crcrte^' Lu^^o: iiniKlifi .s l' l!) '.an in various p:!::?;
of the coiiiitrv

-• '• ■ J> ■

■ --'XJMi wl .-, ^ -^ I As to t 'ic (jii nit itv o! water clrx-at) i". bv the abnvc ram. a r\:i.'
.' ' jt'j^iiJ ■] lenge t"or iii't Ics.s than ( Jnc llmulrtd Uollars is stii! o;h'11. It any
_' '-^ , ' I or all of tlM>se pi'r.^ojiH who a Mcilijc that thc;r raii:.^ \\ ili tlcvatf J
. .• ! greater a 111. am' or p'T cent I f w.iliT, Thi- 1 1 nt :i i.s tliat a ivrti..
per cent . i' walcr tniiy Ix' raised !iv the ram. iKaMrflini; t) kii"'.Vi
a ws I.I iiiccliaiiics an.! pli i li is. ipliw and he who pr'"teii<ls t" ni s?
more may be set ilowii as an ai miit iiuinbiig. and intc.i'init: t '•"■
ceive the public.

Farmers and otiicis wanting Rams will subserve their iiiterrt

by examining the above Rairir • ' - -

mav

t .^■iiMiiiiii^ luc <i.-wvc iv.mis before purcliasing elsewhere (OM
ay be seen in practical operation at the store at any time.)
Pipes of all kinds furnished, and (;onlracts for plumbing at the

lowest rates for Cash. A large variety of pumps, with pipes to suit

always on hand.

The subscriber w<ai]d also call the att<Mi!n>n of f he pu'.i'ic t. i
article of Lightning Rod. constrncted iip.>n tlir principles laid
down by Professor ilare, F.arady. Dr Franklin. Lardiier, Arafo
\V. Snow Harris, F.U. S , and other philosopliers, who li;ive writ-
ten on this subject.

GUK AT IMPROVEMENT in il M)i;.\ i LK ' i;.\ >L^. -^'i"^' 18-^«J-

They are cheap, effective and liighly approved of by all whr
tliPin. Call and examine for yourselves. A. C. FHIOW

IW.) M.irket St., Third door above .'•th St., N. side. Phi!adol|
at Thomas F. Croft's Model Seed Store.

N.

;lphl».

The subscriber, during llic past six years of practical experience
in putting up Ilulraulic Hams, has seen the neees.sity of Konie im-
provement, and would now most respectfully say to the communi-
ty at large, that he has completed some very important Improve-
meuts. which renders the Kam much more durable — (there being
no friction or wearing of metals against rnetal in any part of the
machine) also less liable, t«) breakage — isucli parts being made of
wrouglit iron as are liable to break, instead of cast iron as usual)
the me/hod of regulating the quantity of water consumed is more
convenient, with greater nicety and no possible danger of getting
ut of order ; and another new feature is the enameling or coating

G

HENRY A. Pni'KR'S

SEED AND IIOIITICL LTlilA I. AVAIIEIK 'rSV

No. 59, Chesnut st., near .'id, Pliiladi'lpliift.

Constantly on hand a large and well selected assortment oC
arden, Field, Grass and Gardtn Seeds, Fruit Trees, Grape ^'"'•''

Keses, ^c.
Horticultural Implements in great variety.
Catalogues forwarded on post paid application. (fep.**

"A..*

VOL. 1

LANCASTER, PA, 0CT()B1:R, 1^51

m. 7.

Til K LA KM JOLRN AL.

A. M. SPAXCLKR, Fditor.

Ag'cnts.

The Fakm Journal may \>r Imd ^t the followin;;
plaoos: —

W. B. ZinnER, South 3d St., prlm-Ijial Jigcnt for
Philadolphia.

Laneastor, Pa.
<^^>Iuml)ia, I'a.
H:irrisl)iirjj;, Pa.
Pllt^l.urir. Pa.
('lKUMl)tM-^))ur:x, Pa.
Carlisl(\ Pa.
Y<»rk Pa.
Wm. Domtr, of Altoona, IJlair ('minify, is our au
thorizod ajront for H!air and Centre Coiinties.
A. K. Bradv, (JunilxTland and Perry Counties.
S. Presto.v, Kounct Square, {\^r Clicstrr and I>('la
ware Counties.

JoN'ATTiAN DoRWART, LaTica^tor Couuty.
an(i of li<M>kseller.s 2:''n<'rallv.

W. II. Si'ANT.IiER,
L. F. Sl'ANUI.ER,

Gfo. Bfr(;ner,
II. Miner,
J. R. SiiRVorK,
II. M. Rawlins,
A. L. War FIELD,

Tlie State Fair.

As this will },.. th.' last .-pportunity ^\v hIkiU have
bt'fnrc tlir State I'air, wt; a;^Min nio^t earnestly invite
tlie (VieinN (.{■ a-riciiltmv mid the uieclianic arts to
become «'uiiti-il.iitnr«; 'ri,.,f tl.o display Tvill }^o nn
ininiense on.> we have every assurance, not only I'n^w
our own eiti/.eiis hut iV.^iM the-sf residing in <Iistan;,
States, \\eha\e ju^L recrived a letter from A. S.
Bingham of Wobl Cornwall, \ermont, vvliich informs
us that he will attend the exhihition with a . hoice
flock of his celebrated Merino Sheep. A few of these
will be disposed ni\ If pinvliasers can be had. Mr.
B.'s merinos took thf pr.'miiim at the last State Fair.
We have also letters frMm evrrv se-tlon of Pennsyl-
vania, advisinij^ us of delegates who will !..> in at
tendane", and stock and articles pre]iaring fir exhi-
bition, so that those wlio purpose attmdin"- merely
as spectators, will he gratitinl with a. large and va-
rie(l display.

r>(M) ACillMS AV v\Ti:i).

»> 0 are desirous of sceuriiig one ur moro competent
agents in every county in Pennsylvania, to canvass
for the Farm Journal. Cor terms ar.' liberal, and
we are assured by well-informed friereN in every por
tion of the State, that competent and active agents
could not fail to succeed well. We therefore invit
p^^rsons desirous of taking agencies to address us
ipodtpaid) on the subject; furnishing us with satis-
factory reference, and stating in what particular
tounty they are desirous of canvassing.

I'npaid Subscriptions,

Thoso of onr subscribers who have so promptly
com[)lied with our rcciuest tore/nit the amount stand-
ing against them on our hooks for subscriptions, will
idease accept our thanks. To ihoso still in nrrrnrs
\v(i renew th'> refjuest. contained in our last, viz: that
they will have the kindness to st^ttle up at once. The
number is not great, hut as we are desirous of mov-
ing upon tlie cash i)ririeiple as nearly ns possible,
we liope our request will be corni)lied witli.

Aj^^ents at the State I'air.

We shall be glad to secure the services of a num-
ber of efficient agents at the State Fair, for the pur-
pose of soliciting subscriptions to the Journal. Per-
sons who arc willing to engage in the work, can ob-
^m information in regard to terms, &c., on applica-
tion at our office, either by letter or in person.

Eulogy on Mr. Downing. — At the earnest request
of a number of our subscribers, we publish entire, the
eulogy on the character of the late A. .1. Downing,
[pronounced before the iValioual Pom(dogical Society,
hy Hon. M. P. Wildor, of MassnchusottH. It is tlie
tribute of a warm pt-rsonal friend to the memory of
one who has endeared himself to every American
citizen, and as such, it will be read with deep inter-
est. Its length has crowded out a number of inter-
esting articles, which will be presented in our next.

"'*:^*1Sa

^j^^j^siiij^;,.!.;

194

FPTTOIUAL

■-'»■»■ I .^.-...im

Peiinsylvaiiiu Pouhry So< it t>.

The poultry breeders of Pennsylvania have at
IcnfTth became sufficiently infected with the hen
fev^r to fonn themselves into an association, the ob-
ject of which is to improve our poultry generally.
We are rifrht down glad to hear it, and u i>li ijif en-
terprise god-ppced ; as we are perfectly well satis-
fied of the fact that no department of our domestic
household require or dest rve it more. There are
those who sneer at the efforts making to iniprov the
character of our poultry gcncrnllv, r. n.iplin^r tJie

The JJoani ol' Managers has especial care of tK
Annual Exhibition ; it has, indeed, entire control J
it. The officers of tiic Society are, ex-officio lu.,.
hers oi' iL. ' ^'

CoRNELi/s Patknt Si:i.. - Reoulatinc; TTonsK Pov^
ER.— We li:i<i iui opportunity a few dnys snice of
witnessing the operation of this superior horse power
atid if we are competent to pronounce u[Hm its nicriil'
feel nn h-sitanry in recornnninling it to the attention
of f:,rf„ers g('n.-rul!y. If possesses, ur t!,,nk, a rrrcat
movementas one orjginatinir u ^j, ^prcuhanv<, and "'■«">' a. lv;mta,Lrcso\ .-r the p.j'.vcrs m .-n^iHTai , ho s
designed to .nirap th.- unwiirv. Xow while we are i '^-^ '"^ gr.Natur amount cfpowf^r, at a ](<s eh.v.r'
tree to a.liiiit that most sli;iiiiet'nl impositiuns liav*; '^*"^^-'''^-l^l•l^•''^ ^^ !'i<"'i <^'^ntrols its speed in a most f
been practisr.l hy sowi,- hrre.hTs upon unsuspecting ^'^'^^tiial manner,— and oth-T j)()ints which Will b.stbe
persons, we are hy no moans willing (o j)oli,.ve that ' '"id^Tstood l)y an oxamination ot the marhiii,. ^gpir
all who Ir.iwr h.Mij .'ii-i-vd m rearing poultry are of | ^^ ^-^ ^^^- ^'"rtiell's intontion to exhihit it at the State
this class. That tho movemo:it will result in the im- I '■''^'^ '""^ rliallenge every other i)ower on t!i.' (rround
provemenl of uur jnmltry wc hav m,t a douht, just j ^^> '^ ^•"'" ^'"'^'K '" ^'I'd'^r that the suponority inay be

as the introduction of improv< ,1 hrecds of cattle,
horses, &c., has been t!ie moans of raising the char-
acter of other portions of our farm \;!rd stock.

We have not seen the constitution of tins new so-
ciety, but understand that the membership fee is Js].

— that there will be an annual oxfn'bifinn tliat the

first one will be held in riuladelpiiia on the last
Tuesday in October, at the Rising Sun, Phila. Co.,—

that an address will be delivered on the occasion

that II. J. Brown, M, J)., has been selected as liie
orator, and that the following is a list of the ollicors:

Peniisijlcania Poultry Society, oryanizcl m riiUadd-
p/iia County, Sejjtcmbcr'^-ith, 1852.
I'ursf iu:.\T.
James M'Clintock, .M. I)., Phila. county.

VICE IlRKsrniMS.

Rev. S. A. Burnstead, Philadel])Iiia count v.

he cr('<lite(l t(» where it proi)er]y holongs.' That ii
the right spirit.

it

liC

Mr. K. K. C,,po,

.lames (iiliespie,

Aaron Clemens,

William Hill,
David T.iggart, I]s(j.
A. M. Spuniiler, ''
J. M'Knight.
Sam'l \\ agner,
J. K. Eshleman, M. 1). Ciiester
M. .M. Newcomer, Franklin
Thomas Lyon, M. D. Lycoming
Mr. E. P. Lutz, Columbia

((

n

.Xortlmmh'd
Lancaster
Allenfheny
Vork

14
»i
it

H

Ai I aiK;tiiieiiis i(»j me .>t!ile I'air,

The arrangements lor the coming Lxhihition are
fiist vor-in-j- to com[)letion. 'J'he Chairni;in of the
Committee of Arrangements ]i;is politely mtbrniedos
that the Lancaster County Society have contracted
for, and have everything ready tiir putting up the
fencing, shedding, &c. L;,rg- handhills have been
issued hy the committee of arra iiff'-nKMits, inviting
tle_' attendance ul' the public I'rom i;l! quarters.

The same committee linve nKi(!e arran"-ompnts
witli the forwarding men of Lancast.T, who, with the
Imnherand cda] mot|, h;i\e kimllv promised nil the
sidelings (of rail-way 1 that tley can span-, and will
charge no storage for arti(des sent to tli- Kxliihition
or any expenses, except what may he actually paid
hy t!iem to persons, assisting to unload.

David IIakt.man, is appointed rt cei\<'r at th(^ rail-
road, and any article sent for exhibition, not accom-
panied hy the owner, if directed to him will be L'.keD
care of and pmpiTly dejxisited on ih<' exhibition

I

grounds.

roRRrsia)Nni\Q srrRrr \ry.
ii. J. Urown, M. IJ., Pliili. county.

REroni)i\(; sia liKT AiiY.
Robert Smith, i^sc]., Philadelpliia county.

TREASIRKR.

Morris Keen, Philadelphia county.

BOARD OF MA.\A(;KKS.

William Wistar, Philadelphia county.

** Morris W. Ileston, *' '*

William K. Morris, Esq., '• •«

Jos. Priestly, M. D., NorthumbM ♦*
Mr. Jas. C. Cornell, Bucks »«

H. N. McAllister. Esq. Centre "

TJie grounds will be arranged in the best and most
complete manner, and the hotel keepers and citizcnJ
oi i/ancasler are making every preparation lu iniike
visitors comlortahle.

I

I

Pexnsytvama Mutuai, T;ivf: Stock TNsrR\vcK
Company. — Attention is asked to the advertisement
of this company. We are assured on the best au-
thority, this the association in a r'diahle one, and it
so cannot fail to ])rove useful, it ijoiiig the only one
in Pennsylvania, we presume, persons desirous of in-
suring their stock, will give it preference over thoee
located in distant States. An agency will shortly
be established in Lancaster.

•^52 1

<'^>MMr\irATioxs.

(L'^niiinal vTonnnnmraftona.
F ii: rF:\( II via r iumhu.

10-

rgrrla exltosa Kemak-.

This insect holeng. to a destructive fnnily of Lopi-
clopl. nai> dmrnia, and tor many years has u'm known
a.s the ronimor, onemy e.f the pea.di. and h.-nc- h.-is re-
ceived the app.dlatiMU of- P.-ach Troe !^,rer." AI-

tlioughitsdo>trnrtivech-.nictm-mayhofullvknount.;
all peach growers, y.t the m>e,-t itself who,, f.,]Iv
matured may not he so generally known.

The above illustration represenls the female i>or. r,
and is the only oim to whi. h that nam.- <mu he .strict-
ly applied; (the male, I prosumo, nev.r approaches
the peach tree again aff.r emerging Irom the ehrv-
sahs. It was described by Thomas Say, years ago,
m the Journal of Natural Sciences, of Ph Un.h Iphia,
and again, with colored figure, in his Amvruau En-
tomoh.y. Dr. Ifarrishasalsogiv.nahi.torv nnd
<:-^criptionofitm tho litth v.dnmrofti.o \< ic Kug-
lawl rann.r, and m ,h;s Tn atis, on Ius< rts injvrU
ous to vcg> tation, jKiL^o 'SS,\.

^ The body of a specimen m my collection is three-
Tourthsofan mch m ham th. and th- wm- if prop-r-
iy extended, would reach ean- inehand three-ei^^hth.^.
i have also anotlea- sp.-c,mou, i,(,t so large, ^i'he'co-
^•'ri>asteel blue, with a hroad oran-c-colored h.dt
around the middle of thoahdomou. Th^nait win-s
^-'^ ^i'^t'iuo, and the limd o,ms transpar.-nt with a tol-
'•rably hro-Mlopaquomar-m. Tho antonua. are three-

<^«?hthsof an inch in length and slightly curved at
the ends.

The male differs from the female in having all the
^vings transparent, with an opanue bar rnnnm^r ,cro.s
^^e front pair, ahout an eighth of an inch f.a.m the
^nd; ^''^''""iyiiioro..ha,doran,!rvl,ndr,cal, andtor-
rninated by a prominent tntt or hru.^h of h.nr ; and oth- '
jT minor differences not important U.yr to mention.
^_|^o not know precisely the period the female dcpo-

ler eggs,— without a doubt sometime durmr the
summer hr ir • • '^

'• "r. Harris says its traiislormat ions take

pace from June to October, consequentiv the foun-
^|itions for new colonies are laid at diHWoni tunes
^^l '!" ^^'""^^ periods. On one occasion, I found the ma-
^ure insect in tolerable abundance upon the blossoms
uckwheat in common with wasps and other Ily-
^nopterous insects, for which I at first mistook it.

-i Jhich It somewhat resembles, especially tim

We cannot, however, he mn.h in orn,. as to the
«oatol their destructive operations up..n tho ,... h
tree; their presence being generally indiratn.l ,., ,,
flow ofgum from the parls ailict.d. Thmr attacks
seen, to be most injurious .houm^ie-nthol::!^

runkofthetreem.arthoroot... Ihave..e,.M!ano.Mmn-
borsofuien.hg,mbsofddl^...m...s,varvn;g,ron.

r' "'.''''•'' ^'^^''--''---■.nha.,th,oarly,u

f":'"'"r'"'" '"' "^" ^'-^">ttof a peach troe, ev-

7'"'' 7' '''''"'•' '^^^'•'•^'-^^'---^^t -ass. .

' ^"";7'' •^"''^^•"''-""^^"dpouetratmgmsomo

!;"""^'"'.'7 '"••'""^'"^---'.lyp.rtofthotree.

'^'-'Sno.dpei-.uaded, wen- tlm larva, of the n.aeh
';;:'''""' ^''-''--^''f'^vhich had boen deposited at

''"";'■" ^'"'"^ "'" I---- soason;althon<rh 1
l^'"'^^" ^'" l'^^'''-'l^"- <Aa,umat,on of th-n. J ,he

;""■"• '^'^^"^''^'' "'- ^^""I'l -,.„, to indicate tiiat
I "there are sevon.l h..,;, ^„,,,,,,| hy successive
^'^^tches,yet,tho,... ,.,,,,,,,,. ,,,.,,.,^^,,P^^^^,,^^^_^

OSes consummated withm Ww v.Mr."^ JJohts ,,t -.d
sizes mny, tinTof „•., ho fiaind'at a n v sea^a^of tic
year, more or less advane. d. That they .hould pass
one winter before they appear in the perfect or win^-
ed state, seems however, to be necessary.

Various remedies ha vo been tried and n.eounncrM]-
ed lor the destruction of th- ornh of tho borm- ■ hv

remnvinn-tho..ar!h trom th- In.- ..f tj... t ro. and af-
ter e,;ft :,;;r ^nd scraping all that ean ho ^.^..^hly .^j.
out, to fill the cavity anamd th.^ fr- <■ with tan. 'l, me,
ashes, or strong decoctions of t(;bacco; but all thco
romediesseem to [„■ mom or ]o.. ;„;„r„,„. ,, ^f,^^
treeit.sadf. I have u,„ro conhdouro ,u th,- pian of
Dr. flams, roe,„iim-ndr.d by hmi as r-arly as the y.-ar
I-'Jf), whudi IS hr.ro submittoe', ><l^r^■v,,\]y,,^ | y^^^

V '''7' ""'" '■•^'■1'^- ^"•'' '•"'i''- "l'.^<TVa(ioM tAVo

gnil,> ni- I.ovaof thr p,.aH. tre,. herer. ()„.. j. juU
I'^'Han Mnd, ,n I-n;rth. and I !h otle;- i- a ^..ant qien-
^•■'- ""•'• it'" h-lyi^divi.h<l iMtoihirtecnsegml-m^-
upyu tJie iirsL, second and ihir.i ,,f v.hhd, ar-. iju-eo
pair.s of legs; the fourth and liitii are with.uit 1--^ -
the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth have each .-i I'lir
ot prolerrs. surmouuffd by two rows r,f sniaH ho(,ks

I ''/'"'■•' '"^^anl ; th.. na.th and .drNuilh - uKait. are

[also vuil),ait b-^s, but thr t.Tiiiinal on-, has .-i pair of
prolegs armed as those aforenamed. Th • ],..,ui i.s
large and retractile, or cafiable of being drawn about
tvvo-thirds into the first segment. The mandddesor
jawM are short and strong, of a dark brown a- near-
ly black cob.r at the ends: but a light brown at the
base; the head i-- also ji light reddish bro\\n. TfuJ
body of the snialb'r s7M.(Mm'.n i^- whifo, that (d' the
larger one is tin<;ed wuii light rrd : but this ari.sr s
from the contents of the stomach secui tliroii"h it —
After voiding a ligfit red excrement, the j.aia of the
irn thus evacuated is clear white. TIkmo are a

aoQoniL „., V. ,«,v^«,.i,v..« J.-, v^iv-tii \>iiinj. iiKM'e area

few white hairs distributed over the whole body and
divergin;; from the head and anal segment. The
in.sect voided a yeilowish liquid from its mouth, but
I could not discover that it had any odor.

196

C(ntMf'XKvvrin\:

'Oi

•TOBIR

o 1

^^OM J! NICATrONS.

r^vvm^tmmm*

197

in my own experionco, no bottor one to rccommcnri.
It is as follows, and, no doubt, would well pay a trial
of it :

*' Pcomo^ c tho c.'ir'ih around the base of the tree,
crush and destroy tho borers and cocoons wh'chmny
be found in it, and under the bark; cover the wound-
ed parts with a composition of common clay ; and
surround the trunk with a strip of sheathinf: paper
^'J-ht or nine inches wide ; which should extend two
inches below the soil, and be secured witli Htrinjrs
above. Fresh niurtar should tlion be placed n round
the root, so as to confine llu! p'i'f iinii ;iriv*'nt a'--
ccss beneath it, and tlio roninimnL: '"avity Iillfil with
unexhausted loam. This oprration -'hmiM be per-
formed in tho pprinrr or diirin/:^ the monili nf June. — -
In winter the strin;,rs may be rem* .td, aii'l iii tiic
spring followiu'^'', the trees should a;_Min be eAainiii'Mi,
and the protecting apjdication be renewed."

Lancaster, Sept. 18, Is'yJ. S. S. R.

For the Farm Journal.
Iruil '.. rowing* in !*fnM«>N U ani;i,

Tiic fruit growers of Pennsylvania during the last
forty years have so far improved in tluir modes of
culture and selection of varieties, as somewhat to in-
crease the resulting profits. But the growing of
fruit has been considered a branch of general farm-
ing, of less importance than raising of grain orbreed-
inf of cattle, and therefore has not received the at-
tention necessary to make it highly profitable.

In many sections of tir? country, especially those
remote from large towns, fruits were frequently raised
from seedling or ungraded trees, and therefore a
very small proportion were good or first rate varie-
ties, but apples and pears were abu!u';:]it of' such
kinds as wlto suitable for CL>okiii„^ aii.i fur c.d r. —
Fine seedling varieties v.'or** occasionally (.iv' iiiat. d,
and sparingly propagated by grafting, and tliii.- he-
came partially known in Mn..]l districts, and almo.4
unheard of beyond those limits. It is true,iliat liitvre
have been many persons, who have given considera-
ble attention to tho selection and cultivation of fine
fruits; but they have labored in the cause separately;
with little connexion with each other, and the kiinw 1-
edgc and experience gained by each in his life time,
was chiefly lost to tho connnunity at his death. —
William Coxe, of Burlington, New Jersey, published
a work in 1817, describing 130 varieties of apples and

the growing of fniit and created a demand for tVuit
trees of the varieties described, probably by shewinff
that such existed, and that they might be ohtainod
The varieties descri!)ed were principally thoHe known
and cultivated in Nrw York and New England
small prf)i)ortion only of them being in cultivation
here. The result has been, that our own best varie-
ties have bf^en neglected, and a great number ot'kinds
liavtM)een introduced from the eastward; some of
which have fully answeia d tiie exj)ectation9 of those
who introtluced thoni, and others have not ; but neith-
er the surr-'.-^-; iinr the d isapjiointrnt'nt. lia- ahitedthe

illrfasia] atteiitlen In tlie (Ml|fur«' of tViilt. 'I'l|,. ,.y.

[)erieriee till' has l)e(Mi liad u itli varieties intriMiuced
tVoiii otiier places, li,!S pia .ilue-'d the h: lirt' that there
are iirinv warieties et'tVirts that are pi>t!v reputed to
K'e of the fir-t (pialitv both in flavor and prodnctivo-
ness m one' locality, ihat -iin'r change m those re«
spects when pl.aeed m (tl!ier sitiiati(in<; aiii! the ef-
fect of climate seems t(^ he shown m the rarher ri.
peuiijg of Iruits when grou .i m .i mwre southern lati-
tude. Thus some vari« ties that are ren-ardei
ter fruits in the norlh"rn part of .\. K'erlariil

autuniii IVm A< in

a>win.

)L'coine
Pt'nn'a. aii'! further sijuth. There
is therefore less danger of being disappointed when
we select fruit trees of varieties that have originated
or have been sufl^ciently proven in our respective
nei<>-hborhoods than wlieii we prnrnre tliein from d is-
tant places.

Agricultural Societies have been established in
several counties in eastern Permsylvania, within a
few years past, and at their annual exhibitions held
in autumn, there has n>ual!y h-m tVuit exhibited ol
the kinds ripe at that season. Ky m^ans of these ex-
hibition ■ and ol'the incpjiries and researches made by
ama1( nrs and hy tin- fruit eouniii1te<>s of thrse socie-
ties, a cons:d(n-a!)l(> numb-r of fruits of f\r<\ (jualities
li'ive been disro\t'red and brought into cultivation;
and tie,' pa 4, succ<'ss author zes the exp-'ctatieii that
impiiric^s more carefully mad<' and widely extended.
will bring to public notice fruits of first quality
suited to our climate, soil, situation, and exposure.
superior to many kinds at present m cultivation. To
.aid these impiiries the inenibfTs of the rr?p^ctive
societies shonh! be invited to forward To the nienthlj
meeting of the society, or to their exocutive or spe-
cial fruit committee, monthly, or in shorter period?.
duriniT the fruit season, such seedling or little knoo

G5 of pears, and some other fruits, but I judge tliat v.irieties of frnif as may be deemed of exce e .

its circulation was limited in Pennsylvania, and fh.it
its effect was not very perceptible, except that some
Jersey varieties were introduced through its means.
No work of that kind had a large circulation here till
about 1846, when A. J. Downing published his"PVuits
and Fruit Trees of America," which seems immedi-
ately to have awakened the attention of the public to

ouai.lv and highly deservmu ef cnltivation: and I!
we now cultivate more than a >utiicieni mirnt)er
varieties, no new one should be adopted without it
possesses some valuable property rendering it mor*
worthy of cultivation than the variety to be discon-
tinued to furnish it a place. ^
Perhaps there is nothing that will stimulate fni"

jrrowers, generally, to increased activity, ro much as
a conlid«'nc(; that it will be profitable as a business.
The p^rsrm whose apples ar.- of inferior quality, unfit

is put into bags nnd taken to IMiiladelphia in wagons,
becoming more or less bruised in tho transportation!
and ujKm arriving there, it must there bo sold for

fornmrketas fruit, and a ho .:,thers them and makes consumption ; because merchants will not

them into cider to sell .at th-- hiwest price to the
vine^ir merchant, may well regard fruit-growing ns
unprofitable. For liim it is so ; but he who raises tiie
the finest fruits, in large (pn ntities, and obtains for
them the highest market j)riccH, will discover that
fruit culture is nnich moro prMiit;,h|,. than ^'riia ciil-

go into the

market to and purchase it for sliipping, on account
of tlio difiiculty of getting sufTieient (pmntities to-
gether of well known und widl reputed kinds; of
the trouble of i)acking in casks; and of the injuries
already rceived in the bringing to market. Phila-
<hdphia now has communication with the interior of

< anp.ar*

ture, nm! will hedisjx.sed toahan.lon it. l^ut m ordrr I the State by ra'lroads and ranjils th .t iv :'! .
that fruit--T(»\viiig >h;ill ho i)r.)ductive of profit, car<- ; f^'ivorab'y v/lth th.- liK-' ndvantages enjov.al hv \. vv
jnii-t he taken to .adjust tlie cpiality and (in.amitv to ^■ork,an'l P i,-- iinDorta nt t.hat th" "mv'rr' r I' >
thf .inuand and stato ,,t' the market. To those v. ho ni Pennsylvania l-iri t",..|r attention to the advanta-
reside le 'ir t(» lar^/e towns, .and attend the niark<'t \ LT''^ thus onened to them.

once or ^tP le r in each week, it is important to hav(.'
tlie several varieties of lir.-t (jinlily fruits ripfniinL"" in
succession diirin'r the season ; so that .at each ma; ket
day a portion ol fruit may he readv for sale; ;i)i.l
those who r;ii>e frnit tor hoino coii>Minpt]on onl}',
should puruse the same course, s.; .o- ... niw -a coi;-
tinous toUpply of liie he.-t fruit, sullicient tor liberal use
and enjoyment. Hut thoso who 1;\.' remote from
large towns, .and do not .atttnid market t"re(piraitl\- ;
if tliey engage in raising fruit for profit, will find
it to be their interest to restrict tin ir cultivation
to a few varieties (probably better to a single one) of
each species, so that the entire crop of enrh kind of
fruit, may be gathered lunl sont to market at the
Rime time. In this ease, varieties mn-t jx- selected
that will hear tran>p<irtat am wall ; n\' <j,u)i\ merchant-
able quality, and such if p.'.-sdilo .as have an fstah-
lished reputation m the market to wlindi they are
sent Such has been the course j)ursued hv some of'

I Will not. trespass fnrih-r at tlnstmi", lap (h'sirc
to be permitt.yd to add somirtlimg (ai t.his suhj.-ct
herc'rift' r. At i v w r \..

Montnmncnj county, \)th M>ulli, li}th^ i-^^i^J,

Seedling rvuit.

-Mr. Kditoh:— [;, ;],,,. J uly number of the '' T , rm
J-nrn ,1," yuu lake strong ground in favor of southern
l''nn^\I\,ania as a fruit growing region. Vou call
U])on those -'having the evidence in their possession
for a confirmation of your assertions." I will give
you a short hi.story of one of the seedling fruits nrm-
tioned m your .arlicle, w'lich you may insert if c.»n-
salcT 'd Vsorlh tho space.'.

The - //o.v. n .\/,- /,/. l'..;,r," as yon designate it, is

generally known as Slirji/r, Prar, it is a seedling

of ahMiit Paty yt.'ars dnratdon. Mr. John SJienk, of

Manor tow nship, in this rramty, whom I well remem-

'''■''• ^^'''' ''--^ ^vide pintaloons, his nether members

the 1ruit-i:rrowers of New Y'ork St.ate residing from ' I"'iiil^ apparontly thrn-t into t v. o t iir -• hiih.^ls h;ifrs

liKl to ;]()() nii'es fVom their {)rincipal citv. It w.as .a frefpinif remark (,t"h:-, th it e'lirin"- his ki;'-

Downiuf: in the '' Fruits .-ind Fruit ']>ees of Anier- f!"i''' tho<.- same trows. rs haf! ho. n throe; tn/e ^ ni

ica, ' .-tates that one oreh.ard wvwv K.-o{)us, on the
Hudson river contains 'JOOO hearinir Xewtowu pippin
trees. The mode there pursued, as I liave been in-
formed, IS, when th" scft-on arnvos tor t.akin^r in the
fruit, a sutlicient number of nen arc employed to
pick it off the trees by Ii.a.nd, carefullv, .and JKiving
barrels Ijronuht into the orchard, t!ie tVnit is careful-
ly {Jacked and taken to the North River, and sent hv
steandu.at to \ow \'ork citv, and wh'-n stored p m,iv

t'-hiori. II.' war:, -on, -rally sp< ak;n-, a somowjiat
sin;j-n!ar (diaracf* r. Hi-; farm was greatly ne^-hTfrd
barely raising gram Midie. n! tr, Mipplv the fitmilv
his time being .almost exclusively devoted to tiie
raising and planting of strange trees and pl.uiLs, and
smcllijig iidti r ; that is, going about th- countrv
wherever called for, witli a twig <>f I<ai<l^ as a -'(ii-
vinin;r ro!,"to (liscover^subterranean w at-r-conrses
prior tu the digging of wells. Tho trii?!i or falsity

be sold to retailers there; or if it can be more advan- of this " science " I shall not now attempt to sub
tajj'eously dis])osed of at IJoston, Philadelphia, or even stantiate; suffice it to say, that Mr. Slienk was genc-
at London or Idverpo(d, it i.- m order for shipment rally successful, and was looked upon as an ornrlr^ in
^vithout loss of time. Thus tln^ market of the world this matter by the community. I give you the .ahove
'® J'l^ "• impirfect sketch of the m.an in order lo a better .ip-

1 iic course generally pursued m Pennsylvania has, preciation of the merits of the fruit, bearing his
^'ith some exceptions, been different Orchards con- j name.

tain many varieties of apples, some, little known be- 1 Mr. Shenk planted three seeds found in one pip or

)ond the neighborhood in which they originated. — cell of a pear, (the kind now unknown, but think in

ne fruit gathered (sometimes without proper care,) 1 all probability it was the old butter pear, or St.

198

COMMUNICATIONS.

rn

^_ __ ^ ^T^rnji

Michaels, Doyonne of the French,) about the year yollowi.h white, buttery with rich sucrarTw^

ISOo to 1810. The three seeds produced trees, and n.vor : a httle gritty at the core which is T'T

all bore fruit, two of them being worthless. This ' Seeds long black nnd pointed.

one, being planted near the smoke-house, first went ; Tv,^ i.- t^

by the name of smoke-house pear, nnd the i-nui Dote n in ^ town, Chester Co., Pa., Sept 20th \ 'o

being so superior, soon became well known all over " '

this part of the country.

The tree is a vigorous and strong grower, far out-
growing the old butter pear, and in comparison with
that fine old and now almost extinct variety, is supe-
rior in every respect ; the tree is largor nnd mnrr
thrifty, the fruit ];ir.j-T, and if possible, more lusci-
ous ; the tree a ^^rrat l,rar.T in a fa\()ralilc soil and
situation. It riprn< {'vmn the middle of Aiiirust to tli(>
middle of S('pt(Mii!ier, ae(^)r(liiii; to the seasons.

Vou designate it. as ono of tlie lurlirst, this is nn
error, as there are many varieties ripening l)ef )re it.

.1. IJ. (I Aiiin;R.
Floral U(!n-,it, Xitaiisf 'l\\h, \<y^.

[We are ready to endorse any thing our friend
the T)r. rhooses to say in regard to the DiHor \\.j^^.
ueil knowing that hi> tine taste in all that relates
to pears constitutes him an excellent jiido-o. w
tasted It 111 iMiihidelphia and consider if mi-iir;ns,sod
i)y .any other with which we are uc.pia int<<!. Tin
drawing was })laced in tlic hands ot' the enrrravcp
hut at too late a date to have the cut in time f, r tl o
present number. \V.> will hav(> it readv for (mr iioxL
Kd.J

>Vest Chester Horticultural I'xliiMtii.F!.

'J'liis atliiir IS now on hand, and in order fn ho Jn
time f )r tln^ next issue of the Farm Journal, I {intici-
pate the regular report, hy giving a slight sketch.—
It is generally conceded to be the b(>st display yet

The Diller Prar.
Mr. Editor: — inasnnjch as you were personally

, ^ J -- -~ ^v...^.^». , »,v..wv-wv^\^ K.\j uv^ Lilt; in-.-M Mir<niav vet

present at the recent sessions of the Amerirui I'm. <. i i 4i ^< , , , '■'/"'

. , ^ . , , ^vmtrican l ..n.o- ,„;„ic hy this .^ociet v, i)articnlar] v m tlie .irrnrfmonts

logical bociety, and heard the eulogiums j)a>sed hy - - i

the most eminent pomologists and commiU<'es, upon

the Diller Pear — most probably a native of your
county— it will be superfluous for me to say any
thing in its praise.

The reports of that society as well as a committee
ot the Chester County IJu,. cultural .S>,cu.|y-«l,„ ; ;,|mut .,- u,„.^ lh,.,r u;,v O ..siaMish ,l„ ,r h.a,! ,|uar.
kno;vagooJpcarfromalK;rsi,nmm,-w,n;W.«W.,/,trrs n, our n,..rr s.uih,.n. :,n,| conc.rn.nl atmos-
intrcluce to the notice of cult.vator.s ,-, ,„.„r .ahu-i, pl.ore. V, ry crla,,, ,t ,s. tV ,he oxl,il„tion here

f fruits and v(\n^(^tahles, which wonM he creditable
to any e.xhihition m the country, indeefi, it would
appear as if Flora and Pomona were becoming wea-
ried With their long sojourn amid the rough and
rocky soils and inhospitable climate of our friends
ot the IJay State and rt^gions rnnndahour, an<l were

lias very few superiors at any season ]

and in i'hiladcdpliia, that the land ul' Wooden Aut-

A description and linear drawing to assist in its ; niegs ami of Pears ^'ar c.xcelhMire) must concede
recognition, will appropriately appear m y..nr j.air- i hereafter, that as re^^anls the latt-r, .hv is .lesHai
nal. I have therefore prepare.] as carefnily as the \ uf her laurcds, and tliat while in respect to tiu^ iiu^
few specimens left, ami my knouledgo of it, will megs, we do not even hope to equal her, we rnr."

enable me, the following, which I hop" mav appear
when it suits your convenience.

safely challenge her to show liner ]^^rtletts, l)ur!ies,«
d'Angoulcmcs, St. Ghislaiiis, Scckids, and other tin-^

D.il' r, among the very be:,l August pears and | varieties.
deserves a place in every collection in this State. | or the large contributors of Pears, Dr. .1. K. Esh-
It IS named after the person on whose property it ; leman, A. Marshall & Co., Thomas 1 larvcv. Jona-
grew and by whom it was most probably raised trom : than iJahlwin and Paschall Morris & Co.. exhibited

seed, one hundred years since. Tradition says he
brought the tree or scions from (itrmany; but this

from 'J.~) to l;{ variet,iesi each. Finer or heller flavor-
ed specimens W(>re never shown. The premium for

is extremely doubtful, because of long voyages and (he h,>st dozen was awarded to Dr. J. K, Kshleman,
want of horticultural knowledge. It is more proha- h.r St. (Jhislain, tor ti.e h.-st quarter peck to same
ble he brought seed of some favorite pear, planted it, | for JJartlett's.

and raised this tree. Its growth much resembles
the Bloodgood, short jointed, wood-redd ish-brown,
not a rapid grower but bears regularly and ahun-
dantly. Fruit of medium size, ohovat(^ irregular or
one-sided, thicken'ng abru{)tly into the stalk, uhich
is an inch long and obliquely inserted. Skin, at
maturity, golden yellow, sprinkled, and one side
mostly covered, with light cinnamon russet. Calyx
mostly open, set in a slight smooth depression. Flesh

Ol apples there was a large display, and remark-
able specimens in size and quality of some of the
new and fine varieties, as well as those more gener-
ally know n. 1 have never seen ]^^ldwins and Rus-
sets to etjual those of the growth of Richard J-
Downing, near Downingtown, in this county. A.
Marshall & Co., exhibited 71 varieties of apples.—
Joshua Embree 60, and received the premium for the
best display. R. J. Downie, 42 varieties. Jonathan

lO'sei

rOMMrxii'VTTOXS.

im

C. Baldwin 32, and II. Darlington, 32 varieties, and
thrre were several otiier smaller contributors.

Ot' peaches there was not so great an abundance
a? usual, but several plates were show n o!" extraordi-
nary pize and quality, inclu<ling some new seedlings
The premium for the best disjday of fruits of all
kinds ^vas awarded to A. Marshall & Co.

T«jo much cannot be said In praise of the vefrota-
bles, as regards size, variety, and (juality. Sinrrle
sjX'cimens of cahhages, he. ts, tomatoes, eg;^r p|;,jits,
gccaied as if grown to snpj.ly the tables, not of a
gmpll I'aiiiily, hut a small rieighhorliood. p, is (jues-
tionnble however, whether such mon.^ters an,' ecjual
in flavor to tho>e (,f smalh.'r si/.e. Th,. |ir.4 premium,
ft.rthe he>f .i!>play was awarded to Josiah lloopes,
for >--J varieties ; the second to Paschall Morris cV
Co., who exliihite.i 7.') \ari:'ties.

in the th.uer department, tii- f]r-t premium was
awarded to Pa^'haH M,,rris .V Co. 1;, their collec-
tion we obsorv.-.l inu. specimens of achimenes, also,
Veronica Pindleyana, Hahrothammis I'lh'o-.-nis, l-'i].<.
cilia Syringaflora arhor.'a, Forivnia. AMatica, Pentas
Carnra, .Mari.ttia (Jlahra, Plnmhagos, Fuschias, ,^r.
They also received the first premium for the best 12
Verbenas, and for their display of 3", new and choice
Dahlias.

This firm also exliibited 120 specimens of Kver-
green Trees and S!,riih,s nnny ofth^m. new a;, .1 rare
varieties, whicii attracted much att-ii'ion. Amon-
them was Cupressus Funebris, Arancana Imhncata
and Braziliensis, Deod;,r and Lebanon Cedars, Crvj.-
toincria Japonica, Pinns Insignis, Pimi^ Dunulani,
Ta.xodium Sem;. rvirens, j.", varieties of ILdlies, P")
of Junip.rs, several nf Ta.xns ^c

<-»l" Hoqu.'tsand AIoss Pa>kets t!i( re was a good
collcctiun, an.l tli.- tout (m>emhle of the \s\in\v exhi-
bition wa> highly creditable to the Society aiul to the
county of Che>ter. .Many of ,,ur native and seedling
Fruits, give promibe of great merit, and only rcfpiire
to be known to he properly apprcciat-.i. Pnon,-h ha-^
been done to prove that m this county, and in our
own State, the different kinds of fruit can be grown
equal to any other section of th..- Pnion, and much
etterthan m many— nothing he^ig wantm- hut at-
Mention to this as a hnmch of the business of onr
^nne, the same as we bestow on other crops, and a
proper underst^inding of the principles of Fruit Cul-
ure. Why cannot we have here as in Ohio, a State
iornological Societvi ^ ».

j^fj-'JI we have a State romoloj,'icaI Society.

R. Editor :__ Returning from our attemiance at

^e meeting of the National Pomological Society, a

nend— one of the most devoted and successful fruit

growers in our State— asked, »'Why can we not

ave aState Pomological Society in Pennsylvania ?"

|nid we now repeat the inquiry, Whv can we not?
Ihere is no good reason why we should nr.t have
^"<f: a society, and a very great nuiuy cogent ones
^h- we should. The recent meeting of the National
I omological Society in Philad.dplna, has, we are
pleased to ob.serve, had the eHect of (,p(u,in^r the ey.^s
of our own Irmt growers to the fact, thai uinle our
eastern fnends deserve the palm for endless variety
of pears, Pennsylvania certainly takes the h'ad m
■■^" '''-■'' •■••"s!,tnteHreal,..x.:..lh,„,,, With our Pa.t-
-ni Irieno's, rarely any thin;r ., ,!,„„. ,,^. ,,,^,^,,.^.
N\ bother m chickens or cattle, no,,„ns'or pear,
those who lead the van never stop ,sl,,,t .f n mm-
pirfr assort, runf. This feature n, their chanu-tcr

wasstrikin,r!yi!!n.^trafedattheNafionaM'onvention.
Tlie e-reat point m comp-t it ion appe.,r.-d to h.-, not
who shall display the (ineM p,,,r.,' hut who has tiie
greatest niimher of vineties? The simple frnit
gn.w.Ts rlike ourselves) m.m the i„t,.r;or — wh..
though we knew that Fre.n ,. p,.;,rs an.nn^Je.i ni
•ndh'ss variety, had nev..T before h;,,! ..,n opportmiify
of examining so many difTr.'.it kin-!, — g:,/...,! nn ifm
varied displ'iy m utter amazement. ]\v this we
would not be understood to say that we were amazed
at either the beauty or cxcelleuce of the pears e.xhi-
bited, but that so many of the boasted Frenrdi pears
w.T.' ill reality .-.o little wortiiy of cnlti vat ion. 'JVu,.^
many of the specimens o\}iJh;t.<l wer^' tar from he;nir
matured, and perhaps had an opp^-rfmhty of tavtm;r
their tiavor been given, a majority of il,.!,, would.
ha\e pr,,.>,,| muster as "good," and some u ell kix.wn
varieties as /r.v/ ,■»!> ■ hut the halo of gh. ry wl^wli
'""i hJherto invented French pears, dejiarted fr,,:;i
the minds of many upon fir.^t si^l.t. If,.,s the se;,son
iH'en niij.ropitions .' \\ > think not. ff;is I^,^■tnn
skill in j)ear ciihivation de;^-. n. rat.'d ' \,;t ,}• ^^c
'■If' ^" helie\r- their journals. Have Ho^ton cniNva-
torsofthe pear ever succeeded jii bringing French
varieties t(; the p.'rfection with whudi they nre
L'-rown in France .' This lias been repeatedly claimed
for them, rm.! if the claim has be.n tnithiiilly ad-
vanced, then in our bumble opinion we must go
farther than I^'ranee fir pen rs superior to the IJirt I. ;tt
Seckel, a few standard French varieties, and a liost
of onr own natives, nrnonnr wliich we are pr^ud to
enumerate the Diller and JJosenschenck, tjie Kinrr.
sessing and Rrandywine, the Ott and the l^ennsyl-
vania pear. We do not by this design to underrate
the energy and skill of the rr^ntlenien \vho (N»nfri-
buted so largely of ea.sLern jicars. 'Fheir spirit is
worthy of the highest commendation. We honor
them for the zeal they have manifested in the culti-
vation of this delicious fruit, and thank them for the
opportunity afforded us of examining the products of
their laudable emulation. But while we thus ** ren-
der into Ccesar the things which are CffisarV we

.•"■f.

200

roMMi XirATTOVS

[OcTO

h} u.

cannot forbnar tho pxprcssion of ourhonnst opinion, I hopo that imnHMiiuUi stops lor (lie or^ranization f
that we have a sufficient niinihor of native pears of j State Poniolo(rical Society will be taken. \V| .»

the most delicious character — ripcninijrat all seasons
from the earliest to the latest — to supersede the ne-
cessity of importing more from abroad. Let those
who have the means and inclinations, stock their
grounds with all the different varieties, but to such
persons as are desirous of securing truly valuable
fruit, we say, stick to the old standard kinds.

JJut to return to tli(^ point wiicncewc* -tiifr,! m
the couiuu'nci'iiicuL ol" this art iclc, .-iini tVoni which
we have so wid(^]y divf'ri!-r(l ; ''S!i:ill we have a
Pomological S.KMcly iii l*<'nn-\ !\ aiiia .'" WC jiopc
thtTc Will lit" I»ut a siiii^Ir rt'>j)(itisi' to this (jii'Tv — a
iim\rrsil )'<-s .' and that imnitajiatt' stt'ps will he
taken to L'li<a;t an ufain/at ion. ll niav \)c ur"'<'d as
an obj<M'fion that tin r»' alroa-iy cwists a State llorti-
CU^nral Sorictv. I'nie there does, and a nohle one
it is , but it docs not iireciselv moot tiie wants of the

take the lead 1 — En.

A<!\ ;iii(;i^e8 of 'rii(»r«)ij^!i Tilla'^e,
Mr. P:i)itor:— a century ago, Jethro Tull advoca-
ted with all his powers, the theory, that the loil
might be rendered fertile, merely ])y effoctina- jtg
complete pnlveri/ation. AVhih- piactico has proven
Tnll to 1,.. wrong in expecting such groat rosidts. jt
has pro\.'n al^otliat to a \ ery eun>idiTah]f ..xt.'nt
the auihoi-of "Il'>rse lloe llu>han(h"v" wa< ri'ht-»
Indeed it may l)e ;i>ked whether his system was not
as nearly eorrect as that |iursue(l hv the inaieritvof
farmers at the present <)ay, who plow shalluw. hi;-.
row sli-htly. ne\cr u -e the roller, and en.l.M\Mrto
nniki- a eait load ol' manure auswi-r for an ai'ri' of
LTounil. I^it as my o])j.'ct i-^ ndt to institute a (.'(im-
I>ari^on hftwecn Tull's and this nio<h'rn " skiiininc"

•system, hut siiupU t.f show the advantages arising

fruit growers of the int. nor. It is too h.eal m its r,. ,,, .. . ..>. i f , ^i, ..; , f- . i- ^i -i •

fc, iv^v^ _ lii.ni a ciiniplett' pul\ ••nzatmn of the soil, periuit me

character, althouirh it oxtends; the most cordial invi-

tation to fruit grower-^ m e\(ry section to participate ' ;^,.,.
in its transactions. .\l!Mi.uL''i! in existonee tor many

to cuumcr;iLc briciiy WiiUl ouiuu oi unx- .iu\ an Last's

years, it is clearly maii!te>t that Mi-to ;iro tliousainis .,j

It is well know II tn all Vegetahle p]| vsloiM^;istvS,that

liter a certain period, roots do not j'row hv a "■rnoral

of choice native fruits within the limits of. ur State, ' distension of their tissue, but by the addition of

new

matter to their points, and that these points are oi
ceedingly delicate and very liable to injury. The

the merits of which have never been known beyond
the immediate vicinity in which they originated, and

it requires a new organization— a innre LfenfTal feel- Imp uMant funetion^ tliese .s'/^om/W' /.v p-'rlorm. i a feed-
ing of interest than has hitherto mariifeste<l itseh", to j ing the plant, clearly iielieate the necessity of the

brmg these treasures to public knowledge. A State gr. ate^t , ar.- on tlie part of the eulii\atur, to put

Fruit Society would best develope them, and the his soil in -ueli c.-nlition as wiil 1>i>l enable them t-j

holding of annual or s'^mi-annual exhibitions, in vari- diseharge these funelions properly. Now what is

ous sections would have the effect of in!"u-ing a sjjirit this ron<litir.n. It i^ ..\ idciiily t-i k''«'p it in hueha

of emulation, which couhl n^t I'lil to be pro iuctive i ^^^^^r^'^' of pulverization, that tlie greatest jtussible

of the very best results to the fmit 'jrowinix niterest. ;^!>i"iiiit n\ nutriment f.u' the growing jilant, may be

We again put the (pi(\-tinn., '•Shall we liave a I*enn- ahsiudied by the d(diea(e spongelets or fL'etlrrv—

sylvania Pumulugical Society .'" It'anv are oj)po.>(al Again, as a s.pnire yard of soil contains mere riu'r:-

to th(^ preposition, we shall h.- ;:!ad to ]]^'-Ar tVom tious matter than a s-pnire foot of the same .|iia1ify,
them tliroiii:h the .loiirnal. J. (r. \].

[VVc h'-'arlily second th-j motion of our corres-
}>on(lent, for the immediate organization of a State
Pomologcal Society. The readers of tlie Journal
will remember that from the first, we have asserted

it is e\ ident that if the roots of ;i plant are en;i''!»d
to penetrate (werv portion of that S([uare yar'l :i'
iVe.dy as tiiey could ha\e tie' s.jnai-e foot, tie' a'iviin-
tage derived by the jdant nvmuM be greatly in.Trase^i.
The filirous roots are too delicate to penetrate the
clods that abound in t.>o many of (air n.wly seeded
groumls. I'onseqneiith , all the fei-tili/.ing preperties
c<uitained in tlh.-^e- lumps are lost, and the plant sur-
fers.

Hear what J(>thro Tull says upon this point. "1

the superiority of IVMinsylvania fruits, and (-ontend-
ed for sucli an arrangement as would bust dtivelopu
tlieir cliaracter and particular localities. It is a source
of gratification to us to find that we are begin mug to

be sustained in the position we have taken. Hvery j ij^vo had the experience of a multitude of instances
one who attended the sessions of the IViinological | ^yhieh confirms it (good tillage) so far, that I am in
Society, could not fail to have been struck with the \ ^^ doubt that anv soil be it rich or poor, can ever
immense superiority ul" I'enjisyhania fruits cxiuhit- ' i^e made too line bv tilhiL'-e. f .r one eu])ical foot or
ed. There was perhaps not such an endless variety, this minute powder may have more internal f-uper-
and not as many contributors as there should have ficies, than a thousand feet of the same or any other
been; but enough was seen to convince every one earth, tilled in the same manner; and I believe no
that we have within our borders all the elements of

I

a first rate fruit growing district. We therefore

two arable earths in the world, do exceed one anoth-
er in their natural richness twenty times, that is, one

I

1«52.1

C0MMrINIr^\TI()NS.

'J 01

cubical foot of the richest is not able to produce an
eaiial quantity of vegetables ru'terhf jmribna, to 20
cubical feet of the poorest ; theref.ui; it is not Strang*!
that the poorest, where, by pulverizing, it has ob-
tained l'^^> times the internal superfieies of the ri<li
untilh'd land, should exceed iL in 1' rtility."

While 1 do not endorse M:-. 'full in all that he ad-
raiic**.'^ 1" '!"' iibove paragraph, 1 d^. tbluk bi- rea-
sunin"" highly satisfactory ail i (•oncdusive. It it will
not hold good between tb<' \try riclest, and tie- \ery
poorest 8"il^, it certainly will in tleix- o( nearly
e<jua1 'I

A gentleman thonMjgnly acquainted with our na-
tive evergreens, to wliom the specimen sent was sub-
mitted, thinks it the Kdstrrn ]VUil^- Pine, and the
flower the Hydrangea Arborea. — Kn.

ualitv.

Plow ill- in I)j3 is.C^iTCii ('!i.\cr.
Mil KniTou: — 1 have read with interest the re-
marks of James (Jowen, Ks<|., aUu thos«» of Mr. d.
W. of Kisliacoouillas, du t!i" -ubi<'et ni" i.lwwln.r
down green (dover. (>ii all -ubieefs of .-^U' h ciai-
se(|uence to the (arine]-, ll i, ol' tbr fii-st importance
that aceurate and wdl di;j-i>ttMl id^as should be
If l,y tlp-rough tillage the internal superficies of j.la,..-,! Indbre the public. Altliou;^h Mr. (iown is
of the Poil is increased an hundred i;,ld, is il nion; ,|,,lt,. scientilic enou-Ii in hi-, nniarks lor all practi-
than reasonable to suppose that the growing }ilant w ill ^>.^^\ pui-po.s.'>, it is('\i(b'iit his ini'-rence^ and courlu-
|)eniuch iii'-re vigorous, (betMuse better f'd) than in sions are drawn with bss care :ind circuni-'jMMtion,
the ether case. A\ "U'e tlu-re no other rijxsoiis in fa- , than is cvidentlv dm- to a suliject of s^ much inip'ir-
vor of tliorciugh tiIlaL!,c, those alreiply iriven are suf- ' tance to agriiuilt ure. d. \\"s. remarks are purely
ficient to con\ince everv reasonable farmer (d tie' practi( al, and as 1 am w.'ll a'''juainte(i with the '/>'i\~
imiii«*nse benefits vJiich niu^t result from it. .\s 1 tlenian, I can fully •'nd'>r-a' bis remarks, but at the
huv li'Wrver. alreadv e.\c(!eded the limits 1 intended s;niie time would b''_' b-ive tu tidint out what I c n-

wIk'Ii I commenced, I .siiall reserve the Inilance tor
another article.

d. 1*. Ak.wis.
Liurel Grove, I'a., 1852.

"^lorr abeiit the "Vew I'vergrren.
Mr. KurroR — in answer to your invitation to com-
municate fartler in rib'rence to that new evcr</re</i,
I would just stati' that I am uiuibl.', I tiiink, to add
much to what was containeil in a former communica-
ti<.>n; however as several b'Lier.> hasc ri':ieb, d nie late-

ceive to Im' a want of jircci-li ai in lii> statement. He
say.', be eu! down bis ( lo\rr " wbi-n it was about fit
to out fbrs.M'd." Thru the stalk and bea 1 are dry,
and nearly . if not altogether di\.-n'd <>!' tb<ir -ay),
and yet ho calls it ]dowing down yrccn clover. N-'v
my own experience has been, that win n 1 |.l .w> 1 m
clover wb' n it was green and in lull blnoin, nn ^iir-
riii"" the ('round at'tiu'ward, 1 could scarcely ob-erve
any trace of rottrn cbarr. The (dover being in a
green nndpulpv -tate. my own imjua'ssion was that

it had l>ecomc as Mr. < b>wen remark-. " mere acidu-

Iv eniiuiring !)artieularlv concerning it, I will now!, ^ , ^ ,, i i ,» n ♦; ii ;,, • tMbitinii morn

Jint . o ' , J.^t^(3(j water, ano bat tlie in iM m a < I'lioiioin moio

give as mimiti' a de-cription of it^ growth. apjM'ar
ance, &o., as my obser\ atinii willju-tify me In dwiu;:;.
Tliis evergreen srldoni attains a leigbt of nmre than
two fee b A central stalk does not usually pass p'r-
pondicularly upwards, tluaigh sometimes this is the

case.

like a eorn stalk tallow , liian a (doverlicld-ratber
sourint: than bemdittin;: the land. Dut when I ad^^p-
t<Ml ,}. Ws. method, of plowim; in dry clover, at
alu.ut the sam<' stag" <d' ripeness as that described
bv him, I found on stirring the gr.Mind that the titdd

file bran<dies ;reneral!v spread out, an<l leave , ' , ^, r i ;„,, ,., ....-.., 1 wifb ricdi black

" .1 had the aopearance oi being co\ei e(i w iin re ii oia" k

each uth'T at the surface of the ^rroiind runnin;/ from
two to three feet and eviui fartlnr o('casi(,iiallv, from

lookiu'^ manure,— the clover not entirely disajipear-

in<r as in the h.rmer case. It was, however, pretty

thiscommon oritrin, niakiu'^ an aiede with the ;rround ," ii i .a .>,,,! ..^ i l.'ic Mvstcm has nev-

^ ^' " ^ tliorou|_dilv decomposed, ana as tins sy so m iia?^ n»

er failed with me. in a - -od sea-.n to pr.Mlu.a' a g.od

crop of wh(>at, i am led to give h the pr. frrence

over the other. Whenever there is t(K. much sod

or blue grass to admit of stirring, I fouiel that the

rotten clover did equally good service underneath,

so soon as the roots of the wheat fairly pmctratrd it.

lu hopes that some of your ne-re scientific writers

on agriculture will e.xplain the relative \alie- of

green clover and dry lu the iurmatcai id l(jud iur

wheat, I remain yoiirs.

of about fiftv deicrees.

The stems in appearance are not unlike the Scott-
ish Fir, having a buffy color, and principally covered
with leaves. Ill structure the leaf resembles the ctjin-
nioii licmluck, l>ut it is a great deal iarg-T and of a
deeper green. an<l its apjiearance is more gb-sy and
luxuriant. It bears no flower as I am aware of. —
One of your correspondents mistook the remarks you
niade in reference to that flower I sent you, as apply-
to the Evergreen, 'f he S(dl lu \s hieh it is f.mnd is ui'
^ I'ght loamy nature, and it is generally shaded by
surrounding trees. Should any wisb to see speci-
naena of the leaf and branches 1 will hold myself in
readiness to accommodate them by application to me
^^y ^^^^' Very truly yours,

Baristown, Pa. A. McLean White.

J. A.

Union iicp.j MiJJlinco., Pa.

J. A's experience stands in direct opposition to that
of our best authorities. l*rof Johnscm, says:

We have seen in the preceding lecture, how im-
portant air and water are to the decomposition of

*«■■■

,. i^.ifi^

202

0OMM('XT(V\TI(>;v.q.

or^-anic inatter ^ow, green vegetable sub.stanees
contain within themnelves much water, and under.'o
decomposition more rea.lily th.nvfore, than such as
have been dried, and ar..m..re immediately servicea-
ble when mixed with the soil. ^

In the sap of plants also there generally exist cer-
tain compounds containing nitrogen, which not only
decompose very readily thenisrlves, b„t have the
property of persuading or indncini: the elmients of'
the other organic matters, with whirh they are in
contact, to assume new forms or to em,,- iww ehnni
ical combinations. Hence, the sap .,| j.l.u.is aln.uM

Kiaiu remained quiet for a few hours, howevrr ,h
went to work affoin an if nothtn-r had happ.no,| 'I
then took the j^rain to the field and sowed ,t wi,h«,
loss of time. "^

'He- tart is, by stacking the grain for one Bea,«^n
until alJ tt rrnentation is over, sny some six or eirrhi
weeks aftor hnrvcst; you mny then take it to the

barn, and .hnuLl tU,-]r h. uuv ^'„M rnsidenters''
Inrkinnr nb-nt the rrevicos, tfiry may //re on it for a

invariably undergoes more ..r 1..,. .'l mpnsition * while, b„t nre Hieapahl. of A;vv///. nn7 V

even wht.n]>reservedrr,.,u the contaet of both air. mditn.,,. ♦ r ''^^-^'/^.^, nnd ns tho dd

^•^''^- ^Vb.n this .1 nipnsi.i.n has onee com I ^ ^ " '^"" -way annuallv, th.p. an- n,.,. h.^

nieneed ,n th. sap, it is gra.hially propagated to the ^'' ^'''^'' their pla(u:>.

It IS the fermentation of the grain and straw ^^■]rr\
takes i)lace in the mow soon aft.^ housiier ,i, ''

'in

Translated i.,r the Farm Journal.

i:\i)erinuM.fw in ■•..f-.fo rultnre.

v;""1n f,|„v ,u,.l nih.r sul,s,;,„crs „f,vl,ich tho ,nav.

lie::;;. r:.:::;^:':;!.;;::;;^;::i;v':-i; -;-r:t:;:: rr: ""'' ? •"" "- - ""- "■•--■ •'■

paratiyely rapid d. composition, rven when l.urie.l to I '" ''"^ ^^''' >''^""" ^'''''^'- ^< ''"' "M ^-tn,•k r

a depth iMweath tl..> soi^-and th.' eh'inrnts of which ' ^''^ "'^ ^''^''^^ to the <rriun to lay their o<nr^ ,,,.,,• ,

i:.'.'::;si';-',: "''i ,;:„:";: .::;:;r;;;;l:,r;;',:,;:: ;:,;'" "■■'■■"; ■■("■■ «::-" '" "- '"•' '■' •'-'"

many forms of even partiallv decomposed ye-vtab le ' '"•^'••patu.n sgone." J. H (;,,^„^^,^

matter would und.i-o no ehani:;e what-vcr "^

>urther-when gre(>n vegetable niattrr is allowed
to aecay in open air, it is -laduallv ivsoK..] ,n,.r<> or ..x.M-r.m.M,,. ... ......to r„ifi.r^

p:p'^i::zcriT:c::;;:z^c::;:x ,. '■■■v')-'-',' ' """ "' '- "■■■'

thesurf^iee, this fonnationof rarbonic acid proceeds 1^"'. and nianund an,| ploughed in A,.\]

less rapidly, and other c.anpounds— preparatory to ^'^•''' t^"^"^''"' P^'ts each containing tm vnuare ru.is
lrnnr?^'''i^.''^'''^ ^^^^^ carbonic acid and water- Uh: soil of which was of similar character and ouali'

land in their green state, the practical man a.tnallv ' ' '' ' ^"'**^ ^'*"'''^^ ^^^^'^ ^^ potatoes, nearly alike
saves a portion of the oi-anic b)ud of plants, which ''' ^^'^'"^ '^'"^ '''^ "^" ^'"' "=^""' ^^'"'i- '''l"' P'-ratucsram-'
would otherwise so far run to waste. up woll, were firM harrowd and .affrwanb cultiva-

trd with tlic hoc, and moderately hilled. A\ hen they
eame into blossom, a series of expcrlnc-nt . u;,-. rom-

Crain \Vic\iI in I Jams,
uu.ma of Daoohln. „n,, A .•,■,,.,.,... • ' ' ' , ""■""'"' ^'>- "^"^^:'"^' "'^ "-• -^'-Ik. on one «ett of the

both right as t. tlK. j,l„„ ,;,r ,ho deJtrl.i ," ; . ' ^ '" r"""'""' " " •'"' "'' '" '"''"' "" """

DP,. f« fl... f , , '"« ucstniDi.m „l l.,i> („M,lur,..l ,„, II r..nv.| 1,,,;, series o„ „l;i,h tlie

pest to the fnrmi^r, nn. ,t nic confirni tlinr sf-it,. i . ii i i . i , .

' foiinnn tlu ir M,it<- ; st:ilks I, ad rmt |„.rn i,i,>,vri, sm a< ultimatrlv L. a^oor-

drill 7'"" '"" """""" '"" ■^'""'""" «■'" t-">l.".-o,„,.arativ,.vi,.M,a„d„f ,.,„„..eU.cl.m.|i.
(irive tiem trom t lo rir,.i, .;.,.. » . i-

drive them from th,? preniis,>s, unr years' starhiynr
out is sufllcient, if at a considerable distance from
the barns.

Mr. M. recommends "before putting the hay in
the barn, that ,t should f)e su-ej>t clean, in order to
disturb the weevils as much as possible." This is
entirely useless as regards the \vclmI, but is never-
theless commendable as regards cleanliness, and
weevil or no weevil, should be attended to by every
farmer who has tlie b.;,st ambition to see his farm
buildings in proper order.

Mr. A. says, " there are various ways of prevent-
ing them from eating the grain after it is thrashed;
the best (he believes) is to sprinkle dry slack( .1 lime
among it, OS it is placed in the garner." fat one
time had some seed wheat infcsfcd by them, wliidi I
soaked in strong brine for six hour.^ tlen spread it
on the barn-floor to dry ; next morning found the
wheat alive with weevils. I then sitled air-slacked
lime over the heap and mi.xed all together. The dis-
turhance caused them to leave in a hurry, after tlie

or injury resulting from a removal ui the stalk< pri-
or to the rii-cning and harv. voting of the cn.p at the
usual period.

)^talks niowt'd off
on jilot No.

July 2;],

'' 20,
Sept. 0,

- 1.^
Oct. I.

1
3
5

11

Potatoes taken up] ^'i(dd in jKHiii'li
on plot No. I of 4n s(|. rods.

2
4

8

VI

16
73
247
262
363
414

On the loth (/f 0( tol)cr the crop produced by plot
No. 13, on which the stalks had not boon mowed,
was taken up: as also that produced by the seyeral
plots from which the sialks had been removed at the
different periods stated above. The f.dlowing ^n?"
the result,

No. 1 produced 300 pounds.
^' 3 " 240

5 " 279*

7 " 317"

9 " 354

408
519

((
((
(<

'' 11
*' 13

((

n
.t

\

11352.1

COMMUNfrATlOV.S

203

n
<«

llriico it app<'ar8 that

Xo. 3, produced 120 pounds loss than No 1

" 5, ** 39^ " more - ' •^'

7, " 37^ - - - 5:

9, " 37 " " '* 7

11, " 54 '* '' '« 9'

13, '* 111 " " «. Ill

On those plots on which the potatoes wore taken
up at the time when the stalks were mowed oil on
c.»rre.sp()nding plots, the hdluwin^- diliercnce of yield
resulted :

Xo, 1, produce(l o7 jxiunds mor<' than Xo. 2.
" b, " 174 '* «« 4

" S, '' l.-) " «i p/

" 1(», '* inl '' « ^'

'• 12, " ol <' « li,*

" 13, " 1U8 " " p)*

• >'»'S pounds.

3!)2

503

9, " " 17, -

11, " Oct. 1, -
13, not mowed, - - -

A similar series of experiments instituted in 1,^47,
resulted as fdlav : The crop of plot No 2, taken up
Jn July 23, was 49 prmnds ; and the avera-" from
July 23, to October 15, on those plots from which
'h- M;i]k:-, w.Tc removed at dilllacuL p.Tiods, wore as
follows :

<-)n Xo. I . moW( d di.lv 2.'., - ,

3t)o ponnd-^.
2:. 1 '•

■' 2ii, - - 'j'.»o "

'"^'■j'i. •"', - - ;;i:>

" IT, - - 414 "
Oct. 1, - - 4r,'.)

o 1 7

'ihe two exj). Tin, ruts demonstrate the iii;^hly in-

n', "

not niowad,

. . -•!■ ■■•■■' in- o.iutiii^^iniie me ni;:niy \n-

Onc.m,par,„;4 llu. f..rnK,„„K ,ll(r,.r,.„c..s ,.f vi-M. it;.iun..us .ir.H-ts „„ ,1„. ,,„,,„, ,, ,,,„„„,,i „,■ „,„ ,,,,„^^

,>„„.av- .l,:,t wInM II,,.,. w,.,v nearly (iM.sau,,. i„ ,|.,. , ,,ri„r ,„ ,-i,,„„i„., .v.-n ,l,„„j:h i. ,ak„ ,.la.,, I.u, ,«„

0.8O0f^o. ,i, ... , i„„l .., .1... ,liir,.,.,.,„.,. „r|,,„,l„rt „„ w,.,.k. l,,.!;,,-,. I,ar^,■>,i„.. Tl„.v lunhrrm,,,.,. .I,„w

tlmscplot8onul,„.l,lh,. stalks ha,l„„t I,..,.,, ,„„w,.,l the imi„.naMco „|- ll„. Malks t,.' tl n.wil, „r tl„.

ofT, kit tl„. . n)ii8 of «l,i,..]il,ad ht^uii Uik,,.nu|, al ,llf. crop, sinpn, iM.tli i„ ls(7 ,„„1 in is',? |,l,,t N,, I

f,-rent pmo-Js, vh : X„s ,(. f,, S a,,,! 10, ..„ .,.,_.- ,.;,.,,,,„ ,, „„„,, ,,,^„,, .,„,,„„ „,^_,, „;^ ; ^^

proa. (h. ti>..,.h,.,- I,a,„ ,1„. ,liir,.,.,.,„ ,■,,,„,,„, ;„„,,,,„, „„„„,„„,,„„,,.,„,,„, ,,^.,, J,,,.,, .j,,,,^

onplos N„«. 0, I I a,„ .;. an,| „„ X„s. ,o ,,„, „. ,„ , , ,„,„|„^„.,, __ ^„ , ,.,. ,^,^. . ^ , ^.

co,nou]cvo,,v,i,.a,-lv. II,,. ,.x,,la„a.i„„ „| ,l,is ,nay,tl,a„i„ 1 ^ 17, a- ,!„. ,ii,V,.r..,...,.. i„ ^..'.l.l sh„us.

rrhap, bo .ou„,i ,„ ,„. fact that oonsi.l,.rahlo rain ! In I - 17, V„. o yi„,j,a 40 i „„,, ;„ ,,,, „„,

f''li at the boginniiii: - Ainnist and -iNo ihonf tl,.. ic i i • , , ^

,•„,-, A , , ", V I ^ ' I"^'^^^^^ J^^^t ^« in the latter year the season was

JM^ormninprof hoptembor, while durm<:rth.' i-^r ..ftlie I„nf,vr,rn11. 11 i r * i ^ ^

• , ,, ,1 , . • nnTa\oraMe tJM- plantm- to:.k two wc-k^ later— a

period th.. weather was pr.donnnantly dry. This d.isadvanta,.- whi.h was not oVLn^.n. durin-^ tic
n.O aU. b. reason why tle-yndd ofph.s Xo.. <; and j rest of the s..a.,n, f,r plot Xo. I:; vi.hh-d ^.;3 n^mds

10 was proportionally -n-aler than th;it of Xo. ,s._ \,,\.r ..,,,1 .l,--!'. i -'.v-i '.a'

Tk/. ro" i- • . 1 ■ »• • m i>l/.atcl Mniv-.l.t jiouieN ni 1,^.» . Ihr same

Ihedifferenccs oi vedd m Nos. 5, 7 and !♦ on the i ■ i r f . ' >■ , .

•, , ' ' " ^'"' , kind of potatoes wa^ u>rd in both ('xiHjnmi'nts.

s. because tlip vf'JL-u iv,.*-,. ..,..v, 1 . '■

1C<'S o

contrary, vary less, because the stalks w.r.- removed
from tiies,. rc-pertiv(dy on the 2(>th .d" Au^rust and
3d and 17th of Sept.anber, and tiny conse.paaitly
derived le,ss beiielit from th<> rain.

(iiH lies,

Mr. KniToR : - In y.cir la-t numlnT T iiotic.' 1 in a

note, apj.cnd.'d to dud-e Wat.'s arti.de .,n " Smut

Th.' diti;. pence of yields on plots Xos. 9. H and ^'* ^^'^"'^^f'" '^ Hii-nlar anti-smut infhn-n xcrLed

\-K .-Mrresjw.nd more nearly with thos.^ of plots Xos. I ^'^' '^ '"''.'^''' ^^'*"''' '^ "" '''''"' '''^^'"^ ^'"'''' •""''"'"^T^'"'
nd 12, b.'cause ].^' fJ.r. ,,,;-mt-. ,.r vj,.... i ,._ .i dents f.r an ex]d:inati..n. ANillfh.'V not be kind

10 and 12, b.M'ause by the middb; of S.>ptem}>er tlw

Plalk.son th.^ plots which had not been mowed, ha.l

l-cora.,' withered an.l ,lry. (hi th.' eoniparativ.dy

ar;^er produet of those plots, the rains whi.di fell

about the ciu.e of September may Ikin,. had som.^ .d-
fect.

The larger product of No. 1. from whi. h the stalks

^ere mowed ,,n th.' ;;;;.l of July, is explaine.l ])y the

lact tliar the second -rowth of stalks was very vi-.j-

r^us an.l abundant. . . ., , .

As the crop of idot Vo '> av1.;,.i, i,-., . ♦ i have these little mysteries elucidated; because they

tV, o ^*^f' "1 ['ea .\o, „, Which was taken up on *' •'

^^e 23d of duly, weighed only 10 pounds, it may be i "^''" *''''''' ^*'''- ^'''' imp^'Cf^H of Innuhu,:. e.,„,.i-

assumed that the other plots would have yielded an | ""^^^ *'''' '''^^"'- " ''-'i'^''^^ stronger iaiih than 1 an
^qualcrop. if if had be.'n tak.-n up at that time 'p|^^ I P^^^^essed of, to Udievc that the saturation of so n,l
^"crease tleivfore, fr.,m duly 2M to October 15 on ''"^^ ^ ^""^'^ ''" ^^'^^ "^^^"' ^'"'"'I' ''''^'' ''''>' parti. -ulai

enou;.;h, to explain abo the sin;:;ular y/nuf influ.'uce
attribut.'.l to the liarberry bu>h ? I w.)uld aho be
bajijiy to h'arn ujH,n what princijde, tic soakin;^ of
turnip si'i'd-^ in hdi oil will pr.'vnt tic attiicks of
the turnip fly? Does the seed become so thoroughly
saturated with it, and does it take np such a r|u;;nti-
ty, as to iin])ref^nate tie' leaves, and thus n nder
them di^ta-t.dul to the tlv ? It would eiv.' not oidy
myself, but my neiejJi),(,rs, also, sincere pleasure to

Increase tleivlon., fr.,m duly 2M to October 15, on
^^se plots, from whi(di the stalks were removed at
^^fferent periods, is as follows :

^n^o. 1. ni.nvcdduly 23, - - 354 pounds.

^» " Aug. G, - - 224

5» " '' 20, - - 263i

'» " Sept. 3, - - 301

(i
*t

u

n
n
a

oil, would have the eih'ct attrihute.j to it by the per-
son who recommends tic plan. That oils are gener-
ally unjdeasant to insect, is W(l! kieun. ^\■ould it
not then be as well to sprinkle a small quantity on
the turnip patch before or after sowing.

Hanover, York Co., Pa. Query.

204

^OMMFNI(^^T[0\S

! OcTO

fn;ir

'I' N\ itlmut one.
'iiiiJ, carries with it tli<'

Use of the Holler.
Mil. Editor: — Tht-ro appears to bo a less thorough
ai)pro(;iat'u.ii of tho value of the roller, for agricultu-
ral purposes, than almost any other iinpleuK'nt in
use. This isratherrcniarkahle, from the fact thatevcry
Well informed farmer knows that it is almost indis-
pensahle to a system of complete tillage. ! am, huw
ever, pleased to observe that for «ome ihnv pa.sl, our
agricultural publications have been pressing its im-.
portance upon tho attention of their readers. W li. n
the use of the roller is properly iind' r-l mmI, it
appears to mo that ik. man \v!i,, lav-, claim tn the
titl(! of f uama-, >liMnld m- \\ on!.' ' ' '

Tidier over newly sown
imprc.^biuii llial it.s elfccts inu>t prove detrimental.—
This lalse impression lias it^ ••ri^iin in the fact that
the great object to be aceomplivh, d 1)V pl»»win;^'. is
the thorough loosening nf the vnil, and that aiter
liaving broken nj^ thegr(innd,it is r,.llvtM turn round
and press it down again. Let u>, h..wev. r, look for
one moment, at the advantages which reflection
ought and experience certainly will necnrd to tho
roller; and here permit me fn ^tate mv nmde ofusin*'-

it.

Immediately after plowing, and preparatory to
seeding or planting, I invariably use the roller. This
is done for the purpose of crushing these clods whieh
in a stiff soil, and especially in n dry pensnn, ]iresent
such formidabh' (d.stacles to the harrow. The liar-
rowing, which follow-, is not only ni<a-e etfective, but
decidedly easier of aecompli-hment, as the large
clods are generally la-k- n by it, anil the {'ra«:inents
pressed into the mellow soil, where tin y are mure
readily and effectively operated upon by the teeth
(»f the harrow. It may, however, bt> said tiiat in
li^^hter soils, this necessity for tiie use (d the roller
before harrowing wonld not exist. It would not be
to so great an extent before the lirst harrowing, but
it e<'rtain]y \\ould aftrT the last.

Again, 1 u-e the roller after the seed has Ihmmi har-
rowed in or drilled, (1 seed with the drib,) ibr the
purpose of pressing the earth more frmly ar.amd the
seed. My own impression is, that if the roller were
used to obliterate the small drills made bv the te(>th
of the harrow before sowing, much greater regulari-
ty in the distribution of the seed would be obtained.
(This of course presupposes broad-cast seeding)

Let any farmer who doubts the advanta'^e- arising
from the use of the roller, try a sijiple experiment,
and if the result does not justify its further use,
then let it be set aside as worthless ami ex}»ensiye.
Set apart two strips of land of e<iual size. IvoU the
one before the first harrowing, and after the hist. —
Seed the second in the usual way, by merely harrow-
ing. It is not material whether the seeding is done
with a drill, or by broad-casting. And, my word for
it, he will find that his seed in the rolled strip will

COMMf'MCA rioXS.

k)

germinate more regularly, more rapidly,— the ^1^,^,^
will be m(>re thrifty— will withstand the effects of
frosts better, and produce a better crop than tl
other.

K^-ir" "NtjlM— Ti

L'()r>

< In light soils it is of the greatest service in

iving

more tenacity than they naturally poss(»HH. ()t|,.
advantages have been dilmed for it : such us pre.sft.
ing into the soil the roots of plants which have he.-n
detached in part by the action of the frost. 1 i,^yg
not the sUnrlitf.st doubt that such a nelli.,(l Would he
beneficial, although 1 ha\ e ne\ er trnil it. Aiiiithor
advantaLT'' is the crushing of iris(>cts \\hicli injure
the growing plant. To accomplish this. 1 un.j.r.
stan<l that the farmers in several parts (,f Kumj^e
roll their lields after nightfall, as the-e pe.^t. th-n
make their appearance on the surlace of the i-r uind.
It might Im' tried with great advantage with us aW
Cht,^(cr Co., Va. p. Uoufrts.

NAM HVr IIISTOHV <)l i I! I : C II lUHV.

Tin- followin;: interestin;: fads in the .\a;iir:il II,-.
tory of the Cherry, wt^ <"*'py lieauanold Kn^li.sh llur-
ticultural ]»u]>licati<»n.

Tt is thought theCherry was proeurr-d ;>ipl hrouMit
into Ian-ope by Lucullus, a Koman (lenernl. who
drove iMithidrates, king of Pontus, from his duniin-
ions. The tree was found growing in Cera.su8 (Ker-
esoun) a citv of l'ont\is, which his armv destroved.
This cii"(aimstance is supposed to bi- the ori;_'in of the
name of the fruit, Cerasus. \Ua\i Mithidrates and
Lucullus a]ipear to have been bntanistv. ani] although
tlu' firmer van»jU!shed twenty-four nations, and learn-
e(l to speak their ditferiait languages, w itli ease and
tluencv, yet he lound tine' to write a treatise on bot-
any in the (ii-cek language. laicullu-^is --ai'lt'have
planted the cherry in It;dy <»^ years before thei'hri-
tian era; at the end of twenty-six years fniin that
tinn; their culture hiul become treneral on the CuDti-
nent, and they bad even extende(l as far as Ibitain'
this makes its introduction Vl years Itefore the rhri-
tian era, althoU"rh it is believed l;y manv to liavt^on-
ly beoii planted here in the time of Xew's reign, whioh
was A. 1). ,"),■). And about A. D. 7t', Tliny wrote his
work on Natural History, and mentions eight differ-
ent kitids as being cultivated in Italy.

Kent has I(.ng been celebrated for the (piantityof
eheri-ies it ]irodu<'es. and it appears probahh' that in
this pan of Knglaiel the trees were lirst planted, h
was supposed that during the Saxon period, the whde
race of cherries brought to this country by the Ro
mans were wdiolly lost, an^l, during the reign of Hen-
ry \'1I1. they Were re-intro^lui'ed fi-"ni FlantlerN but
the writings of Gerarde seems to prove they were not
wholly lost, for he says, *'thc Flanders chcrrie differ-
eth not from our English cherrie," &c.

The cherry seems to have been an highly esteemed
fruit by the court, in the time of Charles the first, as

in the gardens of his Queen at Wimbleton, in Surry,
there were upwards of 200 trees.

Cherries, when eaten to excess, are nnu h(»le8ome,
and vice versa. It has been asserted, (upon what au-
thority we know not,) that if eaten fresh IV-m the
tree, while the m(»rning dew is upon them, swallow-
ing the stones also, they will purge so effectually as
to eure those who have the gout in their feet. When
drieil they are mmh esteeimid for wmie,- [mhlings;
and the wine nni'le fri m lhi> fiaiit nnie]i i-i--;(anl)les
Rid Constaidid, botli in color ami t!a\-r. The ^mnll
black ones, with good branly, j.roduce (.ne of th-
uiDvt whole^emc, as well as agreeable li.jUors. The
I'll III wliich exudes Irom the tree is a mil ago us t(t ( lum
Tra^'aeanth. A variety of the small-fruited Ibr.l-
Chorry ('''ra^us avium) is used in the \'u^ges arid
the Bhick l"..re.-t. for the preparation of tho li(pior
kn"'.wi t'\' the name of " Kirschen wasser," ami the
leaves are employed as a "-uli-tltut- for t'-a. The ker-
nel of th" (\ oceidentali-, i^ u-ed for ilaMirire.^ the
li(jUor A'f >//'/". l>r. Clarke >a\-, the Sweif.s llavor
their distilled spirits withtlie hlo->,,nis. Tiie Cin-
lunders use a strong decoctiun of the hark to cure
syphilitic complaints. A d(x-oction of the fVnit is
pometinoes given in •lysPTitr-ry. The w..,).} is next to
oak for strength, and has some resemblance to malio*'--
any; it is much in request for making chairs, musical
in.struments, &c. The limljer comes to perfection in
al.Mtut forty \eai-^.

A' Jlaniiiurgh there is an annual least celobratcd,
called "the feast of cherries," vshen ehlMrcn. carry-
ing green boughs ornamented with ch"i le^. parade
the streets. It originateii in the Ibliow ing circum-
stance; In 1 !.".'_\ the 11 ns-'ite- threats ned the eltv ^^;,}i
immediate destruction. The clti/ens, a; ih- ^i\'^<^i\A-
tiun of a person minieil ^\'olf, airreeil in this emi'r''i'n-
cy te >enil all the children, from 7 to W ve;u-s of a'.:e
in niuuriiing as supplicants to the enemv. The chi"!
of the Hussites wa-^ so tiaudied at this spectacle, that
ho rtcrlved the young supplicants, regaled them with
cherries and other fruits, ami promised th-ni to spare
the city. The children returned crowned with leaves,
holding cherries and crying "victory I''

to be, smce unusual quantities of flints and other

stones have been gathered f,,r tin; use of turniuko

and other roads, in the parish of Serena-,' in

!brttord-<hire, there is a fndd known bv the name <,f

Chalkdell field, eentaining about two Imielied acn-s •

the land ir. this field was formerly cpnil, if not sune-

, nor, to most lands in that country ; but Ivin.r ^-on.

vetnent for th<. surveyors of the* roads, the v" have

I p.ek.Ml ,t so often, and stripped it of the flint and

, small stones to such a (h-r.M^ that it is now inf.-rior

i to lands that were formerly reckoned not much over

half Its value, acre for uere.

I ':N"-i^it('h:dk,Mhh.l.lalonethathasniaterialiv

^"■*''';'"' '" ''"' '•'■'", ;ry by the above mention. ■'!

1""="'^""'': .-'s. ral thoii.aiM acres h.,r.h-rin- on the

turnpik.- roa^U from \\'elh,vvu an.l MaMm-k have

''"'■" ^" """■'' iinpovrJ>he,|, li,:.; th." loss to inheri,-

:i"ce f.r ever nnivt I,.. cmi,,|,,ii-1 at a /,•> at many

j thousand poiin.U. ^V!l.•. t pin. ,i h v oel a d uh; lia i"t

' the prodi-iou^ impo^,.^;dMne,,f ,,f "i!,,. f.^., | ,, ,,,_^,,,„

' to no othei- .MU^e hii! piekiie^r :i,,,j ,■ trrviu/ a\\;iv the

Mones is. that tle-e Jan^U have gen.-ra 11 v Im-m" ne ,^L

""l"'^''>"'^'""i- \vh'.-h ha\e been most often pi. k( d •

' ^'-^y- 1 '•" '\'' ;i f"! I. p'Ht ;d' whieh wa> pak- ;, .and'

' ^';*' •;''"•'• I'^i''' plowed up hefbre they had i,me t.

' pii-k it, when; the niirt that was picked lost seven nr

' '_o. |Mii- oi o!;. 'M I wo sueeecM.ling crops; anil

; e.n-h i!ie whole field was nianurt d and managed

n

respects alike. y,>t Hie iiupoverislnnent was
vi-ihle when; the stones had been picked (df. and
extended n(»t an inch farther ; an ijicontestible proof
of the benefit of the stones.

Deep Pie i\ ing,

'fie present season has proved t> i he' satisfaction
of every (d)server, that in deep plowing is to Ix; found
the principal security against drought. Firdds tilled
only to the depth of six or sc^ven inches have suf-
fere(l from s(nere dry weather, while hide by side
with them may be seen crops that have not seemed
to feel the drought at all. In passing over several
river iarins :l few days since, we found pieces r»r
corn wdieie the leaf was roiled, and th.j color v>as
l;;rht aiel verging towards a yellow. < >ii oni; of tlieso
we pa^.-ed \vitli a step fr.aii ,• ,;a ..f i.ai ,1 .•••oiti,,ii
to that at least a foot taller, of a de<p \\\ Ay 'rreen
;irel a bn-ad uneai-f'd haf. Lverything indicated ail
entir. dy do'f t. n; ci-.^p. \Ve immediateb,- turn-'d to

cair companio;i Ji;

,1

was

Mtones <»n Culllvatcd S.and.

It IS an error to sujtpose that stone> sliMuld be en-
tirely removed from land wlii(di is under cultivation.
The stones which would be in th; way of the scythe

h* 1 • •> V

lie mowing, of course should he rem<»ve 1, but all

the smaller ones shoidd remain ; and if wliolly or par-
tially imbedded in the soil, they preserve moisture
during a drought, and thus serve materially to in-
crease the crop. The following arti.de from the
OentkiiKui's Magazine, publislie<l in 177:'., i- to the
point :

" It has been long known to experienced farmers,
that taking away very small ston(^s and flints, is
uetrimeiital to plowing lan<ls in general : but more
particularly so to thin, high lands, and all lands of
a. binding nature, it was, however, never imagined
that the damage could bo so great as it is now found

in evjilanarii ,n. Tlie si-m; m
the sane' with the >in_ie eNr.'ptioji i^' the u- ,,f ;,
sub-oil plow on thi> latt<>r part. 'The gentlemim had
n(!ycr used the subsoil plow before, and tri-d it upon
this piece as an experiment. It was tohna perfc(;tiy
satisfactory, (it certainly was to the looker on) and
he said he should use it on all his farm.

W(» have no doubt that subsoil or deep trench
j)lowing would be equally ben(;fici»l in a season of
much rain. Of course when the supply of water is
fnmi springs or the under current of higher land, it
must be cut off by draining.

To prevent crops from suffering from the drouo-ht,
plow deep and stir frequently the surface — Granite
Farmer.

'Vr\\ {{( asiuis iur Cmlcr-Di ainin"".
The following ten reasons are worthy of being
committed to memory:

1. It j)revents water wdiich falls from resting on
or near the surface, and remh'rs the soil dry enough
to be worked or plowed at all times.

2. By rendermg the soil porous or spongy, it

200

EDITORIAL.

r^^

< I'onrr}.

'^.';2.i

takes in water -without flooding!; in tiin(3 of rain, and
gives it off again gradually in tlio time of drouth.
. '^' }**y preventing adliesion and assisting in pulve-
rization, it allows; the roots to j»ass freely throu"-h
all parts of the soil. *^

THE FAJtM J oi; ux \[

AGEICULTURAL FAIR.

rested by the absorption of the soil.

(1. It ahstraets in a simihir manner the heat eon-

talned in falliiii^ rains, thus winniiii: the snil. tli
water di^-<-h;iri:<M| hy dr;iin-in<Mit lis MriiiLMuiin v ilcrees
colder tiiaii Itv ordinarv raiii^.

occasion. The exhibition itsd!, th.- pIcH.nr,.
derived from it, and its profitable effects, in th,. f^
"T tin- >l-iil,!> and fears \\\\\r\i always b,.ar \u-^,i\\
uj'-'ii iirw projects, wrr." beyond ,„ir rcasonalil.^ ei-

7. The inrn-ax'd pnruHty (.1 the soil rendrrs it Ji p»'*'t;ili"i»^- N«»w, tliat we know what can !»(> J,,*,,,

more pe'rhn-t iKju-coiidueinr of Jicat.and liie r.x.is «d
jdants are lessinjurtMl 1»\ free/,in<r jn winter.

S. The same cause admits the entrance nf air, fi-
cilitating the dec()m|.n>ltion (.{" enriciiing portions of
the soil.

'.). By admitting early j'l'iwio;:, crnj,s mav liex.wn
early, and increased amount rea[ied in CMn'-^e<juenc...

10. It economizes labor, !y allow iii-thewm-k to^r,,
on at all tim vs, without int Tiaiption i'r^nn surplus
water in spring, or fr-.m a ha id baked soil iu -uni-
mer. — Culticator.

Hob's \ollon of l?<Mik l^'arniinir.

Bob, the farmer's son. tlms expresses liinivclf ,,f
an imj»roved system of firniin:/. iu tlie Indiana Far-
mer :

Editors Farmer : — I have only to say to you that
I wish you would keep your agricultural })aper to
yourselves, and away from our hou'>-f\ Sinr-e the old
man lias been raking it, there is " no rest to ilio wi(d<-
ed," certain, lie keeps us hauling murk (as iie cajl>
it,) manure, old ashes, and ev(m makes us clean out

we ).rop(Ksu to hohl our"Secon<l Annual Kxhihitiun
at Lancaster, on AVednexlay, Thurs<hiy, and Fri.l;^;.
tl..- 'JCih, 'Jlst. and -Jd of October, Is:,- to y;\{^
we invite all p.'rsons, everywhere, uh,, (,.,.1 ;;n :^^,,
rest in the Mibject. We have niad.- arraii-cmonta
l.»i' the niost ;tnij)I'' acconniiiidations and care of all
tlie animals, products and n;a<-hinery which shall be
brouLdit thero : and we t/ai«-t eyory Farmer. Horti.
culturist, Manul'.irtur.r. Mecdiaiiic. and Inventor
will partake with us, and consider himself as one
engaged In (he work ofmakin- this ureat Kxhilition
as interesting and prolitable, as is our dosifTi it
should be.

Our Society especially desires to recognize the
infhience and power that niotjers and ^laii-I.tf^rs
may exert in promoting our objects, and \\v there-
fore cordially invite th( ni to our meetin-, and solicit

«.ut the pig pen, and put the filth on our fields. For- i the contri])utions of their taste and industry to dve

merlv there was some mercv -!iow!i tli> horses for I i ♦ . i • * t. *. i- i -i • •

*i 1 1 i.1 • 1 'i , " '^^'^"i njr Ijcauty and interest to our Lxhibition.

we plowed only three inches deep, but now, nothino-
less than ten inches will do, and the corn '^round is i wtDERinc Watts, President.

to be plowed below that with a new plow h,' has just
bought.

The next thin'.'. 1 think, ^vi]l be to take the bottom out

of the well ! W'e u>ed to take the [', I ^ '>(> h' !f ilf , iiud llC

would suck down the luditics contained in it as e-os-

Nrw SrHsruirrioNs. — It afll'nls us sincere plea-
sure to state that our fall canipai^^'n h[\i< opened nioet
auspiciously. ( )ur subscription list has been larfjely
pel truths, and ha<l plenty (d' tiuK* to« spend liaH' a ' increased (iurini;- the })ast month, for which we iir^
day, and time to talk about who should )).> elected, . jiidebteu to a miinher of kind friends who have been

and ^^•!lo -Ihaild not. liut h'> don't read that iiain'r ' ,-r,c^tr,,T^T«„i- i •,, ff- i i i * ii ♦,•:

, , . . , .1 /' ' ', 'instrumental in -i-ettiiiLT up clubs; and to the acti\.-

now, and he is as anxious to -jt the htrimr, as hi- ^ - i

Avas formerly to have the .l(M.(i,,n ,|,,y ,.onie round. —
He is all the time talkingabout new " fertilizers,'' itc.

He don't only talk either, but he makes us bo^'S hoe
it from morning till night. We have had to tear
down all the fences, and re-set them, and he has got
the old lady in the notion rtf white-washing tln^ <rar-
den fence. ' AN hat foolishiuvss I and the phiiruc^ (d' it

• 1 '111 'ill • •» k

ty of our airenls in Centre, (>uinh Tlaiid and f'hester
counties. Keep the ball rolling" g^ood friends.

Hcp'yts of Countx i:\}jil)iti()iis.
Will not the Secretaries of the dilfcrent County
Societies, that purpose holding- exliihitions durinfr the

is, we boys will have it to do — ;just wasting the time ■ ^^*^^^ favor us with hnef accounts of thcin, or prevail
we might spend in fishing. So keep yvuir paper to I upon some of their friends to do so. We shall bo

yourselves, and we will have some rest again. , 111*7* , 1 , ,.,;th

•^ ^ largely indebted to any person wlio may comply witn

Importation of Egos into England. — From the ) our request,
returns prepared hy the EnHish Board of Trade, if ,, ,, ,. ru

i.s stated that during the five months ending the otJi j ^^^^'^'^^^-^^^^^^ Lxuiiutio.n at I'm is,n K(;.-lhe
of June, 52,83S,(376 eggs were imported and entered annual exhibition of the Pittsburg Horticultural ^o
for home consumption. Of these two-thirds wt>nt to cicty, was held in that city on the 23d of Sept., and

supply the London markets. The average inontlily
consumption of foreign eggs is 15,(K)0,()()(). Tii'e
importation of butter during the first five months of
the present year, were 117,797 cwts. against 129,920

in the corresponding period of time last year. — ofl^ on the 7th, 8th, and 9th of Sept. Although the

is said to have been far superior to the horticultural
display at Cleveland.

New York State Fair. — This crreat affair came

I

FDTTOT^TAL.

attendunce was large, it was not ccpial to that of h,Kt^T7 \ 77. . ^"^ "^"^ -

ynar. The display of stock, ^c] was also nf -rio vi;irth7n I'^h' '". '^'T ^'^"^^'^ '^' ground is covered
U'hy this should he we cannot understand. Hon .' ^ ^nf ' X n^ciV t'^''' 1 r''' '"''^ ''''"' K-'at be f.
Seymour del.ver.n^^_address^ Shl.r^Kanl!' "h 'u^e'of .t.ir 7 "'" ''-'-'^^

attention t,.fl'. .,;.'...T''\",^**'''' ''■'''"' -•»'t'-.'n-i.'d

l.viivi from Thonia!9 .IrfTerson

Thefdlowing letter fn.in th. ■ disfineu, >|,o,l patriot
and statesman Thomas Jellbrson to Mr. JVyton of
Washington City, was handed us a few days since
fur puhhcation by Lewis Hamersly, Esq., of Lanr-n.-
terCity, who has the oriirin;,l ,„ |,i„ f)()ssess-ir.n \\
is interesting Irorn tl,." lact that ,t shows tliat " not

withst;.n<ling the pressin;/ and important duties ..f "'"'"^ ^'
the h.tty pns.tions held hy .Mr. .leiii rson .hirin- fl,,. I,'"" ','

att,.nti„„^Ml,,..o,,^•„,^,rsl,oM;;^; ; V I '
'"« "ir.-.-t. It will not ,1., at tl.is u,. 1. V ■'■ "'~''-

am LT'

iiine-tentlis' .dall r.-il t i-. i\ i ^ ■ -^
.reatcr i-ortum „( |„s l,r,, |,.. „,,! i;„„„l ,„:.„ ,, '''' 7'^ T' ""' 't'"'''''-^ ^''^ ^^^^ ^''^'- ^'^ ^^ \^)^,
dcvoK- to a::riciillunii |mrsiiits. Fr,„„ ,|„. ,„„ii„„.„ i " •' ''■»■. '•>nn.-i> l.av,- „sr,| it wiih.,iit ["■ivcivin-inm li

•,v,ll, »■ iMcl, I.M ,«-o„rs,.s ,n rr.ranl to tl„. v,.,r,.,nl,i,.s '■ „,' '^ i'.''"'''' ' , ' '"'^ ""'-',""t '-"I to il.s ,.o„.i,.„,„a-
rd.rn.,1 to „, tl,. l.ttrr. ,t ts ap;M,r,.nt tl,:,t t(„< s„l,- ' ' i.l ,' , , -"'" "" '' -^l-u.,, ( I'laM,,. of I'ar-

ject was a lanuliar ,nu: U, i,„„. j \V ^ ' V^''''''""^ :'»y l„,„.|i, (■,,„„ ],, .„,,,:'

To .Mr. l',.ytoM, .Mount Ka.I,.. ,7,", , ;' '"^^, y''^''" f'r ' ^'t'H-l ,^'v|M,m t,', il' [

^ nns.Jrinrs^ rot„r„slnH tl,a„Ks",o Air. I-ovto,, '"; '•.;'"■:•■' "7,' '-' —I." ''I- al.-ut on'

gc of

nns. .hjr.rsjM^ rrtMrns i„s ll,a„ks to .Mr I'ovto,, ' .1" "l ,l'" , iT,
forth.-cal.bn...sl„. l,a.« l.nrn .o k„„l as to s,.,,,| Vn C ' ,1 , , , '' ',";" '■""i-n' ■> i'V a H.a,,
wh.cl. an. v,.ry tin,.. 1|,. «„,„,, .m,. ,,,^,,„„ '^ , i' , i,',: !' '■ ;,""."'.•, ■■'- ■-;■!• '• ■ l' Hu- II, l,i v,as

kimlsol see, Is lK.ca,,-o tl„yaro ra,o a,„l valuable, th.loi-t di i.. ,. . i .'.'."V "''.-^ l.'.l.l,. to ,„.,,,.,>,.
The Sprout K^-i; '« to bo sown au,l .rau.-;,lantea as the ^anv n,,, ",^.,! . , , ," V, i' ''"■^"""■•'
cables, but not to bo taken up in wintor.' It b,..,,,. .lr,.....,.o „ „'o' ,„..,:..,. ■,::,.| .,",',:;■' "" !'"■■' ""*
m Deccmbnr to |,ut out a uhiHuu.I.. of .,,rout. „C ■•'I— ' •" ' •' ■ '■ '■.'.'..' ' """'i ''^iv as tb,
wluchjl uili lur.i,..|, tuoor tbr-o .,„,.,.o..siv,- croiw
thro tl,o u.„I,.r T;,. ,„au, plant ,.-, not oataw'.,
re(|U!res rich land. '

The Dwart tomato is earlier, later, and hardier
than the common kind. It will spread it.scdf into
waste I arts of your garden like a weed. He salutes
.Mr. Peyton with esteem and r«\'5pect.

Munticello, .Mar. 11-24.

U.--' T h;

a\e aiihlict

1 IMi: A.S A I IMiTMJZIJ?.

Hious.. ,,f I nneasa f-.-filizer of our soils has of

at.heon nnid, d,...u.....i by some genthaien. v, ho

rADk amon^Mntelligent farmers, and f „• whos, or>in-

onR entertain great respect. Tli. discussion re-

r.;rrod to m the last number (d' your inten-.tln- nnd

k'hlvvahial.lej.uri.a!. I have read with deeplnter-

•^ .:ini an advo..,,.. for the judicious use ntlinie,
^n havenevt.ryot sen it prop-rlv anpli.Ml. where

i';^''":;,rV'?*'l--.'.'nt. (ortlieouthlv' in its pur-
.. ;;. I iH.re.s no article, so eheap, ^that can be

:-N^.a7 ;t '"'"■'' ^;"---"-^'-"f!swh^.le.rit
Z^\^: :T Ifllw.far- t.r no ...Me ,

c ^s as the application ,d" lime. 1 am yet, to., to find
msuchahi;,h state of cultivation, a; not ore
r unT?'^"^^ ''-^ ^'r ^^PP^'-^^i^>n of a coat of goo'l
rTdo rr'''"-'^V^'"^^^^^ sufTicontly with the

lar^ t ; P^'^^^'"'';'i>' ^l<>ver. This increase will en-

''^^'d.idd to us enriching properties,
a'lvortisod tT"^ ^"fijicuU mannrn; so extensively

.^^ni n""^"'^^ ^>r the effect is soon

'i^^'ih.n r«^^'' '"'"• ' ^*^^" ^'''^ "P^^^ ^^^'•'"-
^nc' hundro 1 f ^^;^" y^''^^-^ ago, at the rate of fifty to

foct« of K *^ ^'"v'^^'^-' P^^^ ^«rc, that still sliow the ef-

years to co*^ '^PPlication, and will continue to do so for

^onderr' o"'-^ '''"'" '^"^ ^'''''^ ^'"^« ^'^^ accomplished

^rs of tLpK ''''''' ''! ^^^ "'^^^'^''^ ^^^«J^^'^^ ^>y the was
tne thesapeake Bay, there are large deposits

'"'"■'■*"''"'■''"■ ^"■'•i-" ^"11 ia,nauad;oc:;i;..rH,,

"'''"'''■ ■■■ II ' 111"" fias },r,-n uscJ

lwa.sw,.|lm.|uaintc,lwitl>anint..ni<;ontef.ntIc.uiin
m tluH county, who lost his lifoi„ a limo.pL" v «i o
was so ,l,,M-on.|,ly convinc-,.,1, Iron, pra.-ti 1^,'..;'^

!"■'. "rtb,.Kr..at a.lvanta^-o s,.,nn:| I,-, ,1„ ,, " ,^r
l.m., that h.. ofr,.r,.| to fnrnish ,1„. ar, ,1. ee f

<l>''>''<'Jlllf .sUcr.MuiJ cn,p, ,,,.y:,u,\ al„,^,. (1,„ '.f

\\ !■• n I took possession of u,v prr..,,,! fann tu, Nn
years s,u,,, ,, „,„ ,„ .,^,„.„ , .,!,_,, ,„^;,'" ;_ -

;;■'.■"'■'"'•' "■■11 ™vor,...n,ya.-n.ot.M-oun,i. 1 I il
th.Hyea,-,..,:,,,,,,-..,! (o:- ,.,„,, an,l potatoes /;„-/,.//„„;

".''■V l^'iiiJ'i'"lii'-"i.M;„-ul...a,, and I lin,| I ..1,,1|
M:llhav..M,ll„..„i|,.l, ,o,l,,.-s ,w.,„vliv,.or,birv

';;,"■;■'■'","■•''■■;'■'• ' iia-n..,.,., „.,..,, i,,,,,,,,,,';

"■ i'"-:ii'-ii.:Mnr.. u;i;,in il,.. 1-,-, |:.„- ^rars. .\|v

in tin- IUi'Im' val's

»a~ Witn liuh

..I /"o'v '"■■■'.'"../ /.".v,',,/.v on al..,u'i L.-.il
acres oK.u,t,vate.l laml : I now „..,,! l,nt li„l,.. a,„i
shall this year uso only al,out two Inn,,!,, ,| hnJlnU
I an. r...a-,mn; the honofit of pr,;viou« a,,plications'
an,l n,y so,I w,ll continue to' i.uprovo ' 'v pro,:;
care, w.lbout II,.. uv,. ofnn,.!, lino fo,- ,w,.niv\,.a;w
tocon.,.. UnnuuU that usmI to l„. plow, ,| lour jn-
che.% an; now turned oier to the .i,.p,|, ol „■„ in.l.os
and this with good results.

To test the sincerity of my remarks in referener>
to tho advantages to be derived from lime, 1 will make
to any re.spectabb; farmer, the following proposition-
Leth.mseecta field of uniform <,uau7ity of J\^
On one half of this let hin, .-.pply, on the sod, i\„
years prevn.us to plowing for corn, si.xty busbeh ol
good l,me ,,er acre, from the kiln, in a fine pulveris-
ed 8 ate. Let the whole li,.ld ever .after hi treated
e.'jaotly alike; and at the end of six years, il the
part land does not yield of all crops tnoro than tho
other, send tho bill for the lime to me and I will pay
'•„,,, . „„ William Stavely.

Bucks Co., Any. 20. [Qer. Telegraph.

-^^^■*M*^

208

EDITORIAL

fO

'"T'onr;;

■ '**"«■ ar"W»n«»n-T»-jBP MB* »"

1

852.]

TFn-: !■ \ini.

National I'umolo^ical Soricty,
We have not room this niontli for more tliaii a

Moss ami jituu;;h Ikiik «,n Trees,

All are porhaps ready to affrce with mo, that m

idance was lar-e and lh<^ proceedings of a hicrhly ^'j!:'^^': ^^/\,^^'"1 J'^-^t consuior tho cmuso, second il..

* ., . . "^ ! rfirrt, and then the remedy. 1 Ik; centre nfL-.t i .

terestinn: character. A Constitntion .nn! I^-Laws ,,^ ,|,, ^tem or trunk of a tree, is in the iL of •'

3rc adopted. The following propositions were then marcation between the bark and the wood • an i

mere list of the ofiirers of this association. The at- ^"^^ rough bark are heavy drawbacks on tho .

ten

in tore

were

tak«^n up in order and discussed.

The Business Committee projx)sed for the action
of the Pomological Congress the following subjects:

1. To revise the list recommended by the former
session of the Congress for general cultivation.

2. T" r- \i^t' iIk; list nt" rt'jfcti'd varieties.

)}. '!'(; r. citMiMieii 1 siicfi \;!riet:(-- ;i< are worMi

ot

rrfutera! eult i\iit ;()ti, (ir Inr part .rul'tr lncalii;( s.

4. ']''> ailfi til llie rej'jcleii li>t such as are uiiwortliy
of cultivation.

."). Tn aitpoint a tom{)or:iry committee of sev(Mi on
Bynonimes, who shall sit (liinn'_r tlie ('nn\enti(»:i.
The following are ihe n* w otlicerti chosen :

rRrsini:N I.
Col. M. V. W 1LI)!:K, ..f IJoston.

\ n i: I'KJsiDKNTS.

Caleb Cope, Pennsylvania.
A. 11. Ernst, Ohio.
S. L. (loodale, Maine.
Col. B. Hodge, New York.
Lawrence Young, Kentucky.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

Thomas P. James, Philadelphia.

RECORDIMi Nl ( KK lARIES.

r. K. FJliot, Cleaveland, Ohio.
James U. Watts, Rochester, N". Y.

^'ood ; and it
recedes from that point both to the centre of th
wood and to the surface of the bark, until in old tre «
can be found dead wo^l m tin; centre, nnd dead bark
on the surface. By a law otnatun , w h. n lifeceagrtt
to hold organized in itter, (lissehitK.ii .'iHii decav foj.

low. It then Ix'eomes t'M'.l tur (»ther orjr.-inizations,
and thll:- llt\iT etidin"- ehail'-es are o-ninir ,,n w

IS ;i kind of parasite that grows from the {h-uj \y,y^.

u\\'\ IS >uj)[)orted by the decayed matter el' Hi. ■ ,i..a,i'

hark, and also by drafts of sap from the Iivr b;irk

Tiiu- the mi,<< strals, as it were, tln> ///< -/>/(,0(/ ,,!' the

';■'■'', .ind It hises its healthy a ppearaiicf^ and iL>< truit

IS h'ss"!ie<i both m (pialily and (jnantitw .Moss and

roiiijh hark are all nhaecs ot' (h'po.-it fur inst'ct^i in

uhleh their en-ns arc (h'positefh Thev also hold

water (hays alhr rainy weather, and I'V Us rrradual

evaporation, keej) thu temperature ot ih'' tree too low

1' >r a Cold elimate.

As a remedy, u^o a scraner fir«?t, nnd then on vounff
trees whose hea(!< are not sunicientiv dnveloped to
shath' the stem (»r trnnk, n-e whiteu'a^h, \vliich will
reflect th.- hea:, and relieve it trom tlie extreme hf^at
of a snmne r -i.ti; hut on har^'-f trees, soap suds, athcs
and water, or lye, is preferable. In washing young
young trees, lye should not be too strong; otherwise
unless it is washed off or put on immediately before
a brisk shower, there is no danger of injuring them.

In or(h'r that these hints may he pip in practice,
and that good may he the seipieh 1 will cite the
reader To his own ohs ■rvatioii. Show me a mvs6\,
rough harked orchard, that yields a fair return of
good frn if, nnd \ will show yon n phenomenon.—
Cor. (it It . 7'' r//i' r.

Ohio State F\ir — Was In hi at ritn-eland on the
15th, lOth, and 17th insts.. and is represented as Li ^peakin^- of the g(»od and l^ad '|ua]itics of the
havinir been mere larirely atteiiihal than any similar D^'Von Cattle, ^'ouatt remarks: —

exlid)ilion ever held m t!ie Lnited States. Tlie re- j For tlu^ dairy, th.' h-'Vonsmn^f ho a^'k^wlf l;:c(l tn
ceipts wero *1 l.."t(l()an;! nearlv •S'JtniO were dlstribut- : h<' inferior to se\('ral other breeijs. The milk is px'd

I • . , w n i .. . •> .1 1 . I and yields more than an av(>ra'"e ]n'"i»erti'iii id (.•ream

ed as nremmms. Well .lone, ne.j^hnoi'! i ', . , ,, • • i ,• 1 »;»,.

^ and hntter: hut (fenerailv it is (jidieieiit in (luaiitu).

Tle're are th^ise, however, ami no nifun judges, who

(1 ny this, and -eh'et the Hvo^i^ even for the dairy.

Such is n-t, hMwcvn-, the common opinion. ThoT

are kept principally I'^r th.ir other good qualities in

order to preserve the breed; and because, as nurse?.

.1 t ■, ■, 11 . 1 . 1 1 .1 .!. .» iW.m

Action and lli>AeTio.\ in rAiiMiN;.. — Fences oper-
ate in two W-iys — if good they are a defence, if poor
an offence.

any a farmer, ny too sparingly s-^'odiniz his new .i * i i n *. i ^i i . fU-ivn fmr

, -^^ 1 > 1 i. 7 1 • 11*. i they are indeed excellent, and the calves tnrnciror

eadows, has had to (V'ffc Ills whole la I'm. i.i • n *v r -n • n,. ti.on /'iml

» _ th(nr -nn;i!l quantity ol milk more ra[)idiy tlian coui

roin

meaUOWS, nas luio lo (Tfu; nis wnoie laimi. i j.i " n *.•*. r -n • n,. tl.on /'imlil

" " » ^ th(nr -nn;i!l quantity ol milk more ranidiv tliancoum

Every fj\rmer should sec<laily every animal he has, I pos>!l)lv be expected.
and inspect its condition WVekly 'visits, as with This* aboriginal bree<i of r>ritlsh cattle is a very
some, soon result m weakh/ animals. , valuable one, and seems to have arrived at the hi?li-

The man who provides well sheltered cotes for Ills I est point of perfection. It is heavier thari it wa'
sheep in winter, will soon find plenty of^ coats for his j thirty years ago, yet fully as active. Its aptitude to
own back. | fatten is increased, and its property as a milkP^

A irood housewife should not be (me of ",,Tie idea," ' might be improved, without detriment to its grazing
but should be equally familiar with the Hour garden qualities.

and flour barrel ; and though her lesson should beta j Those points in v>hieh the Devons were defi''ient
lessen ex]^ense, yet the scent of a fine rose should not j thirty years ago, are now fully supplied, and all thai
be less valued than the cent in the till. If her hi.s- j is now wanting, is a judicious selection of the roosj
band is a skillful sower of grain, she is a equally | perfect of the present ])reed, in order to preserve i
skilful as a sewer of garments ; he keeps his hoes | in its state of greatest purity. Many of the breeders
bright by use; she keeps the hose of the family in are as careless as they ever were; but the spirit o
order. — Albany Cultiixdor. emulation is excited in others.

I

200

in I : I MMI.

[see frontisfmece.]
We have frecpicntly, within the past twelvemonth
tftken occasion to call the attention of those of our
readerH interested In andiiteetural pursuits to the
^ork now in course of publication by K. S. J(>nes k
fo., of Philadelphia, edited by Sammd Sloan, Fsq.,
Aridiitect. The want of a more general difbisioii .d , in detail i> t;ik.n
a correct taste in Arehit«'eture in ,iir ( amtrv has
ever been severely felt. The nnueari^ I • i! ,,n (,f

anything but exquisite. The want thereh.re of Ar-
chitectural works, based up.m crrect principles, ha ^
long])ceua source of coniphiint ; and a. -uppi'vin-
this want in part at least, we again e,,n.,n...,d h> the
attenti.m of our readers, the Mo^hj Architect, from
whi(di superb work the frontispiwo contained in our
present number, as well as the f dlowing descriptm,,

It is gratifyinir t-. (d.serve, \]va\ f ere 1< ;, -n.win;
lisposition ,.r. the p;u-t nf sMTehani. and pn?h-s>ion

the late A. ... . .vning to mspnv a |,.,. ,., h. ,, „.,.,, ..,„. ,,,„ ^.„.^, , ^^„^,,^ .,^ ^,_ .J_ ^^ ^^^.^^

beautiful n> t.e. hearts of .nr | ph, ha^e ma. i, is (rmn the ;.,!.. pur^n,. whieh leue en..e..l thei.

true, been unhm.t t!e .r e(h..t. ll,.,. ,,.,| ,„ere we | whole I.ve.. a,.l .,,,,,- 1„ n.e country tl^- ^^-omh^rt.
^'^'"^^'^ ^'^''f'--^ "{ '^ "!"Sire, at h.,.!, m improve i and peKution thev have .„ laithfnllv earned To

upon the grote-p'.' ^4>h-. ,■( 1 dln^- whieh pr. vail ' Mmh me,, the value of a reliahh. wurk o,. arehitee

so universal]: ihr-ae;!..,, :he Fni^.d Smtes ; but tlu> , lure is indi.pen.ahh>, a. the n.n.,.val to the .ountrv
desire IS far from Lang general; and the ta.fe man- I is gene,:,llv prended hv t!e> erertim. ol ^ eonn^ry
fcsted in most ni' these attempt, at ,mp;-ov, ne„f are | hon^e ,,nd th^. impr, e .n.ent of the .,-onnd. surround

'";;it Tm thi' arehit'Mt liims. If, the ,vork is if po<-
8'blo, still more valuable, from the fact thai his rep-
utation and success depend upon the taste displayed

»n designing, and the skill In erertln-^ buildinirs.—
" Tl r »' -in

Aii'^ rarm nniy l)e regarded a^ a fair sample of

the character of the illustrations presented in th.^
Model Architect, and to ir and the work itself as far
as completed we refer the reader.

In the second volume a new feature is introduced.
AH the principal designs are exhibited in landscapes
laken from nature. There are snrnnmding u^ in all
<i>rectionH a thousand of beantilnl spots, suited m
^very respect to become delightful places ed' resi-
dence, which are altogether neglected, and ])y many
unnoticed. It is believed that many valuable thoughts

Ji bo suggested by locating our designs in the
"^Kist of scenery suited to their character, and being

ngravcd in a superior style they will furnish also
pictures of various interesting localities.
Ane view presented on Plate I. is taken from the

nei;_dil;orho(,d of Cray's Ferry near Philadelphia.
This is a spot int.Te^tin;: t<, ,^yrry student of Ameri-
can history, and W'll known ;i!s(, f,,r abouielin;:: in
beautiful quiet views, in the . nirraviie' the buildin"-

II!' • 1 '"' '^

1^ pla-ed at the intersection df two roa<ls. now occu-
pied hy a stone man-Ion. In front is an or(diard.
and m the rear is ^pi-ead nut a large tract <d excel-
lent farm laid, 'fhe creek wireN its wav to tlM.-
kSchuylkilh se.-rrin the distance, 'fhe read which
erosscv the hri(lgc is piavate, and jemfs to the farm;
the (»ther in trmit id' the |iou<>'e i^ a hi'-hwav. 'fherc
is nothing \ei-y sUaking in tlie \ie\\, hut l-,r a (pijet
pleasant farm scene we think it Imn no superior,
thougli it may have many e(juals.

Plate \.<Si 11. ytrevriits the flo(,r plans of the dc-i;^!!
The building is frame work throughout, and we ^ub
join a comprehensi\e (h.x, ription and a bill of (pian-
ties wbi( h render many remarks here unneces-ary
The post of the front verandah may be either of iron
or wood, and the apartments on the extreme of the
wing may be placea elsewhere. It will bo seen at a
glance that the building is large and roomy, furnish-

'<if'';«?Sf9»-r

-.•>^v.!

-•' »ri

210

f'Mi: FAfni

fOp-ff.,.,.^,

inji; sufficient spaco im- tlic ilurllini; ol' t<'n p*'!'--!!^,
which is a lar<;o number to coiKstitute on*- lamlly.
From the hall of the second floor tho winding steps
ascend to the observatory. Th«' hall fjelow is sepa-
rate(i from the entrance by an arched door-way.

The l)uildin;^ is to have a cell.ir In n. ith iiv . ntirc
extent, at U»ast six feet six inchos deep in ilic clear
ot the joists of the first floor, uitli il! i."iM\ssary
trenches for the foundiitions at least sixincluvs below
the cellar floor. All the work mu^^t be graded around
the buildin*:' as niav be direct(Ml.

Tlie walls throw;i;hout the cellar must be; composed
of frood (piarrA' buildin;::: stone, laid in the best lini<»
mortar. Thev are to be sixtetMi inches thick, in]
have all fieinirs sniontlilv dashed and w hitew i-h' 1.

The till"-; Imi* warm air .-m ! 'j;)^ a"'
bricks, and so afvaiiLrriJ tint I'ith'T

to 111' built (il
^ti'Vf'M ()!• a fur- I lii"!

otlior framin;!; timbers ari^ to be of white pi no, except
tlie studds, which are to be hemlock.

Tlic exterior is to be emdosed wltli half inch pine
sidin;!;, well seasoned, phunni, jointed, not over throe
inches Avide, and securcvj, overlapping, by six pennj
nails. The corni(!e and (djservatory are to be con-
structed according to the drawings. Tlie floors
throughout are to be laid with one inch C:irulina
heart pine of a good quality, well naileil to the joisti*,
and afterwanls smoothed off. The roof is to be closo
sheathed f )r metal covering.

'file windows are all to hav(» a plank face ^vith a
large sized moulding. The sash must be uin' inch
and a half think, and doubh; hung with axle pullics
;md p it.Mit cord. Tl:e first story windows are all to

Til- V ;i !''■ to 1).' w 111
jU'ess l)rieks, ai ba-t

Tl,

Il ! liev issue.

f ■

ar-.-tt('d
our ("M'l
flues of

nace m.iv b-- u-,.,!

and topjMil >'\\\ \\'\i

above the rool Ir-' im \\]\\

the mitti buildinj. pi-^ ilirough t'a' obsiTx at' ry.

There is a well beneatii th(^ extreuK! witi:: ol the

]>uilding as deep as the water gravel, wall. • 1 in and

provided with a ventilating flue.

The superstructure is to be (M)nstru(Ued entirely of
framework. The sills ar(^ to be six }>y six inches,
the corner posts, four by eight inches, the girts four
by eight inches, the ])lates f )ur by six iiu lies, the
door and window studs four by six inches, tic braces
ft)ur by four inch(?s, and the intermediate studding
three ])y four inches. The joists of the first floor lUi)
to be three by tw(dve inches, and all otlnu-s are to be
three by ten inches. They are to be placed sixteen
inches between centres, t(» have threivquarters of an
inch crown, and each tier must liavo a course of
lattice brid^jini!: throuirh the (;enlri». Tlie (^<;ilinir
joists are to be three by five inches, and also placed
nixteen inches between the centres. The rafters are
to be three by seven inches at the foot, cut in the
usual form, ])laced two feet b'^.twcen centres, and
etrongly spiked at the plate and ridgepole. The sills
are to be of good oak timber, and the frames of the
verandahs arc to be of oak inferior in quality. All

Iiav

tl a-i, an
w i n d ' \'. -•

i:aniM''<''l

liili'ts ;in

■ il! I on till

to !i;l\

\

lutters one inch and a half

mouldings on the face an'l

;.K. The second st(try nnd

nitian j >. ^t blinds, one in^h

and a !:i;l I nirk.

The di^ors throughout the principal rooms arc all
to be one inch an<l thn^e (piarters thick, in six paneK
with fill" ts and lai-ge moulding on both s'diS. Thcj
are to be hung with four by four inch butts, and
secured by four and a lialf in(di upright mortice
lock. The (doset doors are to be one and a quarter
imdies tiiick, with mouhling on the outride. The
principal doors ii: liie wing are to be one inch and a
half thick, in six pamds. The entrance doors are to
be made in liko manner to those first desoribo^.
Those on the front are to have an fight inch upri^jal
rebate lock, and iron plate fiush bolls of a su:talw8
length. All other out(!r doors are to be secured wiin
;i knob lattdi and two bolts each.

The dn?ssings of the princi|)al rooms on the m
floor are to be eight inches, and moulded. The wa« •
board must be ten inches wide, including a three
ineli ba.se. The moulding on the top is ^nvo mctics
and a half high. The dr.>^sings in the second storj
main building are to be five inches wide. The wa^
boards are to be nine inches wide, with a mouiaiHo
on the top ^

The stairs arc to have a continued rad, and l>c p

1852.]

'J^nr: lati: \. j. hnwNiNo

up in the. best mannor, with on 3 and a (piarter inch
^t4'p hoards of the best (piality. The newel is to be
t<Mi inches at the base, and the balusters three inches
neatly turnc<l. The rail and the new(d are to be of
l.hick walnut. 'I'lie private stairs in-,. (,, i„. ^Am-
Ptructed in the usual manner.

All tlie walls (d" the building are to b • hithed
plastered and hard finished. The princij):il rooms
are to have cornices in the angles of th,} eellin'r.s
TJ,«> roofs are all to be overlaid with the best (uie
oros.s leaded nxding tin, painted on both sidrn the
upper receiving tu.. ,.(.ats. Ail tl,,. exteiim- ',■,,,.]
inten(»r niti^t have U, ,-,".. ,.,,.,x ,,| purr w !,iti. \n-i,[
paint. 'I'll- n 'vvel v:u] and h.ilu^tiu-v ,,,uM h.ivi- t lire..
coatH "T \;iriM-!i.

211

i:llo(;ii>i o\ iiii: la ti: a. .i.nowMXi

(Iclji/na^ S'pf., '];;, |s,v_>.'
i;\' Hon. m \k^ii k\.\. e. w n im;r.
TheaiuiM.il ntun, .d" t lu' 'JSf !i of.l,.|v will ur Istm
thr eyes iind ;i.;.^ni/r tin- hraias ,,1 j,,anv .XncThMu
citizens.

On the niornin- 1,1 (!,;,( .li^astMus day (wo steam-
ers, the A laie an a and Jirnrv ("lav, witli nunnM-,„H
pii8.>engers on boa-d, stau .i mm uh- capuoi i u- t'n>
.•hief commercial p-.rt of tic Knipuv State Like
"stately sailing swan>" tlnv glnlr .wifflv over tlw
''mouth surface oCtln^ lluilsnn. Tl,- jiiv u',t!,!n \\u-in
waxey warm ; t li.ir a wTu! .•niM--ii< arv rn,i.i.,| ■ tli,.y
run abreast— anon, the ''bird of the west" darts
ahead and distances her orient rival. Sin; ealls at
her landings, swells the number of her passen<rors
an.l with f.-arful v.docity bears them onwanl. '^ '

They adniuv the varied lambcapr^. tli- .•'.(tao'os

villas, towns, cities, bold cliffs an-i h-it , , mtaTns'

which have given the scenru-y about tin. maiestic
river a world-w n!.' i-aiou n.

TliMy near a city whiidi rises in beauty and -rrace
run, Its western bank back to the brow of the dis-
tant hill. There, is a

^"rowir";:' 'r" '? '^^ T1 ^^ *»- -«--• Am^t
me ero\Yl af ,!.,. ^u^ru. stands a man of tall and

''""■•\.''^'''"' =^'"^ *'i '''-ugbtful expression vho
-netra ing eye surveys this perilous 'cnu l,] ! ^
t'H' most favo-able chance of' escape. His a< vtHt ni-
ed se l-possess,,m fails him not in\his awiu^.x"e^^^^^

•uituhisfnend.sandtlH..sealM>uthim;t!..Lli,n
;'^'''';PP"'-'rV- ••articles from tl.Murn.ture f

r.turn.s, but h s b,dov..,l wif. and parf .,( I,is r..,
"> have alrrady be.rai (jriv.-n um ,
;'"■ '-f, and last of ail hnn
flood.

" ',^'""''""" "Hicart. and by s^^ nv .|,.,uvu
,,,, V'""I"'ll<'d rr.luctanr to [!„■ fait!, bss sea "
1 -yMnk;tle-yns.. W .t b , 1,. ;,..asp ..f deal b tb-v
■n^ to Inm and again subnea•;^• bun and tbian.i.h..^
.'"'-^ves. lb>bnn;;-stb..m,.n.-..nMn.totbi.Mn-
:^'7 7"1'-^^^- "rtbesh.n, Ala.: it , . vain ; In. ..|:
l^ras to sav.- oiImts p.-ril bis ou,,
'■xbau-fiMl. (!isab|(<|

pMTi oi tiis compa-
board. lie; ciaiMiMis
■ a bo, t,, (II,, ,.,^,,1

aitau'jlfi

pen

l»u! ( 111' par! U'a
wliM wi'i-r nn-nirii

ii'-" --"11 unappii/;.! of Ins in-iani-bu! y iair" ami
-arch for h.m in vain among the n^n.nl.ed .nv^\un.,
but the cry, she sinks ! she sinks I : fill, ,!„ j, i„,^rts

I0l;< to a \\ ;itiTV ;'r:i\ !■ .
"'' '''^ i'l". b' T -\\-V Joi'.l b,-i,tbrr,

'^' '"•■^<aio.l In 111 till- ia-',v. olMrafl,'

"Cottage, hall < mbowered
With modest jessamine, and there a ^j. .t
Of^Mi-drn ,^ivun.b v.lnTo, langid in n.at arrav
'Tow cduntb'v- ^ \\eets."

, ''^ ^I'-'liit-'eturo is in tbo m,..! appr.,v.'.| Kb/a-
•'••7^'^; ^bvl^.. it. .ronnds are tavt..!ullv bini out
'P ;';'"'■'■"■''• •""' '"■ ^^1|- i'limed it - II irhlniij (iar-
•"MM accurahlv traindat.d tbe nafur;.! lannnn^e ,d'
^"('' place. It o^,.,•lll,,k. tbe ritv and lb,, river" and
l^'rnniands a view of one ol tb.- most extensive and
•"■iutilul lands(-ap(is in 1!:,. world. The very site
ems designed by nature for the birth-place of ge-

'''^.amlf..rtb,.abode.,fc.MnrirUa.steandlearnimr.
n« propiartur, nitb bis relative, ami frbauN, silc
"ail, tuKe pn..,L- in tbo ilblat.d |„,;,f. Sb- bears
ZZZ ^'''?''' ^'"^"' l'">"^ "^ dcMinatMin ul.,„ smi-
th n L ?. '''''?" •''■ ^'''' ^'"^'^ J''^*- ■'' <i' "i' l^nell
ire3i ;'^ j'^'^iting sepulchre. The passengers

shore r ^^ ^' '''"'^ '''^ '« ^^^^'^'^^'^ ^'>^' t''^ ^''^^tern
whi r 1'^ "^'^»nf^ntall is consternation and liorror,
Hketrl "*\ ''"^^'''^«*' ^'in describe, no painter's pencdl
Ihpl '1 ^^'''"''' '••!'ti" !> Oil lire. She strikes

« ^^aak two miles below the town of V,,nl .;, The

and fl'^^^^^^f' ^^''' multitude on her stern m smoke

escano''?/'' ..^'^'' •' ^'^''^^•^"' '"'•^'^ '" t^»'- chances of
betw. ^"« <'reat Destroyer oilers them their (dioice

on finm" r -}^ ^^ ^^'^^'- ^^ "^ <^cath i)y flood. Alas !

then ,1 "^ '','1^'^^^ both— they are first burned and
^uMi Urowned !

^^7 are driven before the devouring clement, and

wi I. d.ri.nii appnlPUMons. Still tbey cding to the

;'"'":""""!■"'''■'' '■■" "":•• ^'" among 'tho.se rescued
y^^^'jl'" ''^■" •^'•""■•lia, ,111. ! burne to the city of New

The (d.ject of; his conjugal love returns to her deso-
<date home, j he tidings of this awful disaster fly
njum the wings of the wind; the mystic win-s trem-
ble at the sho<,k: the presH utters its haul lament;
the note of Woe rings tbrougl. «Mir streets, fills our
dwellings, and convulses our hearts with <n-i.d' The
nation mourns— minute guns are fired upmi th.^snot
to arou,,e the inhabitants (d thu surnMin<limr counrry
and to start tbo dead from their lowlv n-st" Multi-
tudes ru.h from every quaiter to ^he mournful
scene: th.^y .-rowd around each body as it i.s raised
and bn.ught to the shore, to indenCiv therein a rel i-

I tnm .,r frieml. .\mong (h.-m his brotiier and part-
"' ' '•' b.inn -^ arrive. At leiigtii, another body is
'•"^' ''• ' ^^ 'Oiit. nance is rec(,gnized ; and lhed,de-

1',"' ;^'"'""iri!i,. n- IS madr; tlial A.sdukw Jack.so.v

, I 'o\\ \ I M, i-, tiM more.

" Lovrdy in death the beauteous ruin lav."
^ Hi^ precious remains are borne back to thoirnative
city, an.l to his hous(; of mourning. There tie-y
me,,.t his widowed wife, wh<»se ear, <lurin<' the fimr-
te.m years of their W(«dded life, had been so qaick to
eat(di the sound of his returning footsteps, and who
had been ih(> first to greet and welcome hjni Alas 1
she IS suddenly b(Teft, bv one fatal blow, ui' friend,
mother and husband! 'J'be funeral rites un; per-
formed; his body is committed to the tomb, "earth
to earth," *' aslie's to ashes,*' ♦* dust to <lust !"

Thus terminated the (airthly c.in-er of our lament-
ed brother and associate. But his name shall bf^ per-
petuated by fragrant flowers and delicous fruits ; by
gusliing fountains and murmuring streams ; by grate-
ful shad' and balmy breez'^, aiifl by many a^airal
scene, and many a tasttdul honn;. He shall be re
membered

"Where cottages, and fanes, and villas rise;

Where cultur'd fields and gardens smile around."

But to be specific, the results of his toil appear in

the forests whndi he has preserved from the men:ih>sa

axe— in the trees which he has d<vscribed and made

to contribute more abundantly to the taste and com-

212

'T

; ni", LATIC A. .1. DOWNINd.

r^

< T' HfR

fort of tlioir propriotors — in tho avenues which ho has
adornfMl — in tho hiwns ami ph^asure grounds which
ho has hii<l out and appropriately onihcllislicd — ;in(l
in nuinh(M'h's.s lmil<lini;s which stand as monuments
to his architoctural skill.

Tho fruits of his hiljors aro also gathered in thou-
sands ot'irardcns and oonsorvat(»rios. Tiio nuui'TouH
cotta^i^os and villas which have lately sprunjL; up in
tho towns ;ind villages about our commercial cites,
an<l throuii;hout our l\a]>py land ovinirc his <!;*onlus ;
and it is (luo to his worth to say, that few h:ivo left a
mark so do(^p and broad on the generation in which
they lived.

in responding to the calls which havi' b^wji iiuil
U]>on mo to ])rononnce the euloL''V of mn- deceasrd
frien(i, [ shall aricmjit ihittiin;; tn ii-i\ aiii (-an cer-
tainly 'I

nothin:j:: b(^tt<M', iliaii !■» ai! inili'r tlir laii-

Im :_ii \ c jr.''' u; ' 'Tain e t' i

II \i'\\ I ■II!"''']!. \. ^ .. 'Ill

guage ot his USelu! lit'i', mih
your own convictions of jii^
Mr. I > i\N iiiui was boiai

tho world is much indo|)tod for his useluhiess l
gratidul r«Uurn for her valuable sorvicos, 8lie n<
enjoys the connnisoration and condolence of ins friend
in AnnM'i<-a and transatlantic countri(»s. IJm ^.:a
all those aids, still Mr. I'nwnirig was, in tho strictest
sense, selJ'-ttUKjIif : a fact whi«:h dosorvos to ho recor-
ded, not only to his praise, but as an encoura^onient
to thousands of asj)iring youth. If ho was lujver a
pupil in the studioof an artist ; if ho studied natural
science in the laboratory of nature uKtro than in the
sch(M)ls of scientific chemists ; if \ui enjoyed nut the
advantag(^s oi' a liberal and ])rofessional education
valuable an<l de~<iiMble as thro^ iin-ans of improve
iM'Mit certainly ar<' : yt li • \\;i< at .ill tiiu''^ ;ni,} ,.v,.ry
wImto a I'-anea- : anl ilp- l.--(i;i- .,t' wi-'imn whioh
lii- receive'l, li" |ii'Mni;tllv r'-dun'd in jUM.-ti'T ; a ri.r.
cuiii-taafi' wiiii-li iiiaii'- hiiii tanitcallv I'i'actirul miij
national, '' //"/// oj' /n's own a(^e and cdiutfji/.

I XN'l

I

11

W ' II 1

a w :i I

; rate hi:

li-' iiliii'k

'lala

a

•\ari -n anil study.

th*' t liiri \-

tiiM

lav (

' K'tobiM-. A . I >.. 1 -- 1 "). 1 11 111

enltivatr'd
li

) ^ ] r

an

boyhood iio manilested a fondness lor botany, miikt-
olo<ry, and oth»»r natural sciences, which at the ago
of sixteen, when hi^ left school, ho v.'as able to ])roso-
cute without tho aid of an instructor. At that ])eriod,
his father liavin;; died when ho was but seven years
of age, his mother desired him to become a clerk in
a dry good store ; but ho, following the native ten-
dencies of his mind, ]M'eferre<l to i' iiiaio wirli his el-
der brother in the nursery ami ganhai. w li>so accura-
cy and practical skill in horticulture gave special
])rominonce to tho same traits in th<' deceased, and
with whom he might study the theory, and perfect
himself in the practice of his favorite arts.

In tho formation of his character, we also recog
nizo with gratitude the agency <d' Uaroti do Lidroer,
the Austrian Consul, whose sunmu r residenee was
in his native phice, a gentleman of larg»» ondowm. nts
and attaiinnents, of eminent ])urity of niind, ani i<
finemont of manners, a minerologist, and botanist,
^vho discovered in young Downing i mind of kindred
taste, who mad • him tho froipu^nt inmate of his fam-
ily, as well as his own companion in numerous ex-
cursions for the scientific exploration of th o sur-
rounding country.

Ibit Ins ^etivij.il'if V (() iii'tistic be;nify wa-
and developed by the laanait'd Kapha.- 1
Knirlish artist, residing in N'WMiru. u\\'\
irnnsclf, went down to an .'ailv 'j,\:[\". la".
him specimen^ in I iU'l-eaj.M paintiii'.:^. :tai'
and of remarlvai !(■ delicacy of colonraiLr.
ners were much improved and adoiie d iiv
iar intercourse with his neighbor, Mr. Kdward Arm-
strong, a gonthnnan of refinement and wealth, at
whoso fine country seat on the Hudson he was intro-
duced to the Hon. ('harles Augustus Murray, an
Englishnnm, whoso book of travels in .America has
b(H'n admired on both sid(»s of the Atlantic. There
he alst> made tho acnuaintanco of many other distin-
guished men. who subse(piently became his corres-
pondents and personal friends.

Those associations had, no (h^ubt, much influence
in strong! honing his refined and generous nature. —
lie devoted all tho time ho could rc^daim from physi-
cal labor to reading an<l study. In the bowers of his
garden he held frequent converse with the muses,
wdio inspired him with tho poetic fire which illum«;s
his pag(\s, and inipaits peculiar vivacity and energy
to his stylo.

At the age of 2t?, on the seventh of June, 1838, lie
marri(*d Miss Carolin i Eli/abcth, daught(U" of J. V.
D' Wint, K^q., of Fishkill Landing, a lady of conge-
nial spirit, of rcfiucmont and iiiteiligenco, to whom

W M o . ; 1 K I

a LI' 1 H ■! 1 1 ; 1'
t' • nat ui'i
111- 111 in
1 1 1 - la 11 ) d

t VI an an o\ laaiaii'jiii'j- Ikiui'Ii a
^iiii:!e Irat, examine-, its color. JMrm and -rnicture*
inspects it with his microscope, and lia\ing recorded
his (tbsorvations, presents it to hi.s liicnd, and divites
liim to study it, a^ sugge-;tive of some of the first
piineiplos (d Jlural Architecture and Kcononiy.

Does ho visit a beautiful cuiiuiiy .^eat, he sketches
a view of it, and of tho grounds about it; notos
whatever is true to nature, accurate in taste, or ex-
cellent in <l,',-i:n ; and iron; Ids enpy, a pja e is en-
craved, and in tlio next numder '^\ In- II irticulturist
the whole scone, with his valnable eiamaents, is given
to tho lovers of the hindseajio and tho garden.

He returns from tho forest. A short extract from
his journal will explain tho o)»joct of his t(»ur, and
alford a fair specimen of tiie beauty and forcoofhis
stvle :

"Aalur.' pdanis some trees, liki' the lir an I the
pine, in tho fissures of tho rock, and on th- ' i,.;' of
the precipice; she twistB their })oughs, and gnarls.
theirstoms, by storms and imposts — thereby addinj;
to their pii'lvn-squn power in sul)linie and grand
scenery. But she more (jfton developos the beautiful
in a tree of any kind, in a genial soil and tdime,
where it stands (piit(i alone. stre[(diinu' it- bough*
upward fVoelv t" the slo;. and untward to tie' breezo,
and e\(ai downward to the earth, aim i.-t touchin;;
!:> r Ml Iht -rae-'lnl .-w, p. til! only a ^di"ipS'' of tliJ
line tiaink is i . I.o -e.-n at its spreading haso, and
t1),> wIimJ,' tpp i. (.ii" ;;!•. at glol,,; of floating at. '1 wav-
in'j.- liixnrianee, giving us as |.erfect an i*!. a el -ym-
me;ry and pr^pttriion a> can be fonnd ,-liert of the
(Irociaii Ap-ilo." "(hio woiild no iii->re \vi-h to
touch it with I lie pruning knih . the axe, or the saw.
(unless to remove a decayed br.mch) than to give a
nicer curve to the rainbow, or to add freshness to the
dew-drop." This description, for beauty, power ot
diction, and ("a- trutlifulne';;- t,, nature, not only har-
monizes with tlie pictures, hut r\.u ri\ a!-^ tlie hne«t
touches 01 the pi ncils ol <dande. I'uussin, SdlvalcT
Ivosa, or anv other great ma.-K r oi lantlscape.

He makes tho tour of New England, and st^ps »'
Xow Haven, that city of elms. He walks out troB
tho Tontine upon the green, admires those gratetui
shades, their majestic lorm their gracefully waTiD?
boughs, and the'y revive in his mind the history o
the elm. its varied use for fm 1, fmlcr and ff^'''
Ho arrives at Hartford. The tirst object of hi3 ^
tontion is the " charter oik." Ho hastens to fis
it, stands before it, and tilled with veneration, ei
(dain)s, with the bard of Mantua, tiaLS.iiteU uj

Dryden,

•' Jove s own tree,
That holds tUo world Iq suveieigntyr

|fl62.1

'f

^NH. A I. OOWMNC;.

21.3

worth ana l,,r a philosophical judgment of himself
ano OI niH works.

.Mr |)„«„inf;waH just what vv,."!,avo r..,,n.s,.nt,.,l

lie f.ketchos it, gives you a copy,, fit in his "Land-
M-ape (Jardening," together with his clas.sicaj juul
wdentific account of this king of the Anierican fbrrest
\U journeys up tho beautiful valley (.f the (Jonnocti-

eutt<> Stockbndge, Massa(diu^etts,\vhoso streets are in-r • ,,„,ii.,, , , ■ -i-j'— ..• an rom-

|i,„,a with th;; .up.,- ,„;,,l,., •• ch>a„, ,..,.,|. „,„„„t,, 2, ; ^.W.H'/'u^^V.l'i^^ '';'•'■'' "s '""" l'/''^

,in.hrap'"us." lie there iiicroiises |,is h.ve „ii.l •,.! vxnvn F,-.,nLi;, r. • , . , '"'"'■' '^'"■'•'■"■in. I"'n-

„.i.Ui,,n of the A.nerie.n ,n.,,le, „,e l,e,.u,, 'I'^'hot anrx'/l^-i^ ::,;,. '"'^l ;:'-:; 'T'i"'"';' ^^'^^
WUmI IS surpassed „nly l,y the unrivulle,! j,,,,.., „f I.r„r„un,llv seienll ' 1 "t, perhaps, so

i„„ua. Miage. dyea with the tiuts ^r depart- , |,e,e.aM;^^;S!-:;;J'^^ ^— ;i ■"

Ik scene- Ilk.' t!ir~,., ;,,,d by seientifk! refh^-tion
thereon, he prepirr- hini-cll t.. Lnve tho^e last aiil
well tlirei ted blows at tii.it " A"//v ///// " i,-,,,, ip^ _\jp
jintlui-. and al-o at the .Mnde i»,,pl;,,- i„,,p ,,| ^^ j,j,.|,
hekili- off in a most clrslmi mann-r. to i,,;,!,, ,•,,„, ^
j(ir th'' aiore dr-rrvini.:; ami tiaiU- .\ m>M'i,..i:i M
Oak-. Idia- and .\-lie<, for the " .M:i_;ii,,l j., jj^,.
and otli-r-. y M' the laM<T, h.av hemn j j,,!i^ ■

flH' arts to which nis life was dev«,ted I'.n,

sovenagu of his own powers and acquisiii,.,,; I

le

le

. 1 pO'S,
1

I imp
h ' ' - p ■ a |\ .M
in the l;i-t I.Mder Irnni |,i- p,.,,_ ;,> _,, i,i;,,;ii,.r so easy !
and tl"\'> in J-, and ^o (diaraetcri-f ic oj' t h,. i,i;in. '• \\\.
m'-an the 'f idip trr... ,,r th" L'r.idiaidv, ai. W ii:i! can
henita-e beautihii than i;- tnnik. ii-M'h pi-oportionoil, '
and smooth as a (ireri;,,, .• ,|,i!an '. \\ jnt niovoarti.s-
tic than its !■ af. . nt lik-- an arabesrpie ja ^^ ^b>orish
palace? What more clean nnd lustrous than its
turfsof f.liago. dai k green an ! rich as deepest eme-
rald? A\hi:ma-e lil\dike ai:d spoei'.ii- than its
blossoms, golden an 1 hniun -haded? and what fair-
er and more (p niv tlnm !<. v. hole figure, stately

and regal as tliat "i /■•nobiai'''

In the progress of his journey, he rea( lies tho com-
mereial metropolis of New England. It is the annu-
al Kxhihition of the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety in the city. He tMifers its Hall, i.s groot.al with
aeordiid w.lr.m ■. and in\it.d tu examine its C(dlec-
tiun, paninilaily tho oxt-nsiyc simw of pears. In a
puhse(|ucnt di-cussion with its fruit committee, he
proposes to th. ni a .pu'sti(m in his direct, practical
and impressive m inner— '• \\ ill ,,h -a vou please'
t^' give me tho nano'- of th- l..-t three varieties of
the pear, togeth. r wltli ih.ar reasons for that prefer-
ence?" He ohtainstinar opinions, and jaiblishin-r the
f-amo. put- the publir ar one,. i„ possession of Th .ir
h'ti- and dear bought expcri(aiee.

'Ill" same practical and -tudioin habit i- r'-marka-
h!y 'Xeinplilird in his foreign travN. Inlike oiImt
t'lin-t-. who vi>it the towiM- (d' L aid'.n or W.-tmin-
if'ter .Vhh.'v, he ha-t. ais IVom tli- p ii-:.> .d' that city

t" ^^ ohnni A IiIm'w W arwick

horticul-

•' ".Id .nstantly brmg them to boar on the subicet of
III- in\-o,'<tigation or di'-,'oni-.,. "^

'■'"".""'■'.' '••''''■"' ""■""'■''' /e ..v. Onthi- d,'p,.nd-l ihe
suavity «d his manners, tho sincerity of hi. i;;,,,,|
■'^"'P' ""' '!"■ b-'kaii ol his hospitalitv. II
always ivceived ;i h. in . w. Iconie. an'l r,m

^

■eni' ;■.
■\\'''li-di I,

;'in-t.s
ai his
\N lio^O

::ht n-

er

I- ''liat-W',! th, th. II
b'astk', and otina

I'l

ICC

Wlicfc

agriri

-eW

Iture

tiiro, architecture, and all th,. hue arts have for ages
Med with each .,th r ill \\ h.itsoover is ornanK^ntafin
('mhelhshment and princely in wealth, and where are
scenes of natural and artistic beauty and grandeur
>^ln<'h nttraet the chief masters oftlic world. lb. i-
r<^e»Mve(l and entertained wit], kindm-< and piMiili-
ty hy the Karl -d' llardwn-ke, the Dukes of Devon-
^fiiro and Hedfortl, and .d' others with whom ho
J-nued many warm friendships in the motln^r coun-
}' iToni these places, where wealth, art, nature ,
ami genius have congregated whatever is most beau- !

nr" a'! ^^'^' .^"!''?^ Jipproved in taste, or most iin-

P ''ssivo to sensil)ilitv, he prosecutes his journey;

verywhore obsorving", noting ami studving the ob-

r.l f'^" 1 •'^^^"^-'^ '^l>^»'f i'ini. To him not a tree, a
P '"It, a leaf, a blossom, but contained a foli(j volume.

|Ve have necessarily amplified this part of our sub-
J^ b in order to giyo a correct view of tho manner

hi« T^^^^ ^^ ^^''^ oduoati(m, of the peculiariti(;s of

•« st.yle and of the formation of his character, and

^ lurnish the materials for a just appreciation of his

rosidi'nco a quiet home. Ij
faim. in l.-tters is like (hat of ti,,
gah- ii, ,-ong, wrote tho introdm-tion to <n\^ ,.t ,,. ,
works ; and in speaking of his kindness and la.sni-
tal.ty she says: - 1 never shall forget, n.,r over be
abl«; liilly to acknowledgo them, feeling as I hero do
at this mom.ait, all t!io blessings of 'Aperf.H hoinr ''
He also possessed, what is randy found in combi.
nation with these rpialities, hen pemptiun, qrciti ni
crt/y, drnswa and hufdncss. jihvssed ^^dth a'n almost
nituitivenerception .d character, he read men at a
glance. A\ hen h(3 was in Londnn, ho desired an as-
sistant, who wouM rrdurn with him to Ameri(ai and
aid him m the ar.diitectiiral department of his husi-
ness. H<' visits tin* anddtectural exhibition in that
city, and seeks an intro<bi( tion to the Secretary of
that association, to whom ho n^voals his object, ^md
by whom ho is introducerl to Mr. Calvert \'aux,'as a
gentleman w.dl (pialified for the place. Thev ex-
ehango referenc<'s : and so readily did ho insj.ire
confidence in this stranger, and also perceive that lie
inight safdy repose tho same in )dni, that on th(dr
mtcrvioAv tho next nnu-nirig he comdudes a contract,
agrees upon tho protdse time Avhon tlo-y will start
from Liv.r[»o()l for America, leo^tens to l^aristoeoni-
jdete his unfinish'd business, fulfils his e)igag<Mn(!nt,
and in two weeks they aro unitedly j;ros(Miiting their
labors at New burg. \Such was hi's activity, pn^mpt-
ness and despatch.

Th • increasing extent of his business v.oidd ha\o
<anj)loycd several common men; his corresji inhncc
alone would have occupital a jtrivate secretary; yet
th(! numbrT and urgency of his duties never do-
pressefl him, never canfuseil him, never made liiin in
a hurry, l>ecause he was always the master, never
tho sJurc of his business.

Having once thoroughly invosti-ated a subjr'cf,
h • rested w ith confidence in Ids conclusions, and pub-
lished the same with a boldness whieai arrestofl at-
tention and commanded respect. Witness his just
cond<'mna,tion of ''ichifc houses" amidst rural beau-
ty, a color which no master of landscape would dare
to transfer to his canvass, yet which is as common
in tho country as it is opposed to economy and good
taste. Witness als«) his condemnation of the iui[)uro
air of stov(;dioated and unventilatod dwellings, air
which, with equal truth and propriety, ho dt nomi-
nates " tlio favorite poison of America.'* This arti-
cle, copied by numerous journals, read by thousand.s,
and commending itself to their comnn^n sense, is fast
producing a reform, conducive alike to health, com-
fort and long life. But his kindness and nia(/nanitni-
///, his freedom from envy and jealousy, onai)led him
to admire and commend whatever was excellent and

i'WH

214

THi: LATE A. J. ()nu\\|\G.

r^fTOBRt

18.52.]

THr: i.ATi: a. j

praJRCworthy, as freely and docidcdly as li«» con-
di^rnncd th'Mr ()))p()sites. Thcso cliarai^teristics arc
cxf'mpliliod in his monthly reviews of tho pross. and
in th<^ notice of thn works of otiicr writers, wliioh
appear in his volumes.

In a word, Mr. Downin;; was ii» manners moth'st,
polite and geutlemaidy, — in perception of fitness and
propriety intuitive, — in taste accurate aul letined —
in tact and practical skill rem arkahle— in lovo of
country strictly national, Amen'rxin — in sentiment
pure — in life incorrupt — in most respects a Wixfcf
in<ni — in all vnfjne's oini rhih^. If !n<^ ju'^tlv said
of him, " at whatever point of vlrw \\(> n-iai'f him.
■we are «'"miM'Itrd f,, a.imit thi' synim 'fry i>r hi< char-
acter, th.»\i^n,r (,t' his miiei, th(> versatility of hi^
talents, an(l ih it healthful How .,| eiit husiastiC feeliji;j;
whicli marks liis writin;^^. ThiTe are those wlio can
work (^iit haiMil'ul thou;!;hts in marhle, who can
cloth(3 them in th" tow-Jnn:;- hin;.rMa'j;t' of podrv. or
hi'l th'in 11 i\v 1!) th" roiKi.f'd peri xjs an 1 eon vineitcj;
Strains of oratory : h:it lew miiei^ se.-m moi-e fiilb'
possessed of tie' p e.v,r to a Id ai't to the hf>autv of
nature, and make tin* desiM-t hlossom like the rose."

His writin_rs are a fiitiihil trans -lajit of his own
character, ll his dit'tion -^omieim 's contains unii<ual
and even sUauge words and phrases, possibly un-
pjrateful to some classic ears, the worst whi.'h en-
li.L^htened criticism can say of lh> n» i-. that ih.-v -uh-
ordinato elegance to originality and f.rce. W'wi his
language) is generally pure, (diaste and i( lin^ h not
unfrcquently boautifu! and iiii^hlv orniite. His stv[e
is peculiarly his own, not rigidly methodic, some-
times abrupt, but always versatile' aiel flowing. It is
romarkablo for that of which he was passionately
fond in nature, and to which, with some latitude of
expression, we will appro|ddate the woi'd '' ju'ffi/-
rcsrpir."

A single (piotation will truly illu-trat-' our ni -an
ing, and also these qualities of his si\ l.. \\'m v, l.^-t
the words with which he introduc(Mj th • 11 .r'i. ultu-
rist to his readers, with the first breath of sunimer.
**BRi(jnT and beautiful dune! embn»ider(d with
clusters of ordorous roses, an!
cherries and strawberries : 1 i. !i
of spring, and the hixuriitic"
June ! I r any oie's hfart diM's
unwi-itten thouL:;hts that Ixdon:; to this vra^on, thru
is lie only lit for MreaN/n. sfrifair''m atid ^poil-,.'
He does not ]-)raefii'al!v lidicve th ,t (!o(l mad*' the
counfi'i/. I*^'.'>i^^ and I'o.mon \, from mnid the blos-
soming gard-n- and orchav(N <.f d nic, -m le u^inei-
ously as we write these f.'w inir.Mlurioi y woid«« to
their circle of devotees. * * ■*«' * ^- ' • Angry
volumes of politics have we writt(^n none, but only
peaceful books, humbly aiming to weave something'-
more into the fair garland of the beautiful an<l use-
ful, that encircl(\s this excidhuit old eiirtli." Such
passages enliven and adorn hi- works.

Of these we can give but a brief acc(nint.

The first is his "Landscape <^ vkokvixo," which
introduced him to the literary and scientific world,
and gave him a rank among the distinguished writers
of his age. For years previous to its publication, he
Boemed retired from tlie world, abstracted and ab-
sorbed, but in r«\ility, he was occupied in intense
study of his subject. A\'len he niastrred it. and
adapted its principles to American climate, scenery
and people, he published it on both sides of the
Atlantic.

Think of this young man, at twenty-six years of
age, without the advantage of a liberal education —
with no precedents to guide him, with only a few
p acical hints from such men as Parmenticr, seizing

how \ivo.

o

up(m the first principles of this science in tho ^y„rk^
of llepton. Price, lioudon, and others, Mith a n ^
prehen^iv.'ness «)f min<l, with a pow(»r of analysis' '^
originality and fixe(lness of purpose, that would l,'.i^

! '. d"n witli rn I id V
with the ri-<"«lin<'>>s
(d' sninnn'r— li'af v
not swrjl with flic

Om-
an

done htmor to the first sidiolars'in other denirtmlA^^
populan/ing and appropriating^ them to his own
period and country, and actually produein*^ 1 \. l

I'll 1 . 1 . j~i '* '")()r

uch becomes at once a . tandard urnversallv
knowledged by his own countrymen, and praisodu
Loudon, the editor of ' Kepton's I-andseape (liinlf-n.
ing," wdio pronounced it "a masterly work," and
after quoting ten pages to give his Knidish rof^rlor,
an idea of ifs excellm. 1 <, r.inarks, "We li;iveni„,t,.,l
larLi-dv from fhi-; \void< beean-'\ in so iloin^, Wr t),;, 1.
we shaU gi V" a Ju-t id.-a (d' the gr,.ut nwrit of tho
author." This work the (Mdebrat"(l j),-. b;,iH, J
critically re\-io\vs, in suinlry arti(des in his (iar.jrn.
I er's (dironi(de; and whil" le- di^^aits fVuin it ..jj
! some minor points, _v(d in rr-pect to if< eardiiiul
: <'xc(dl"nci<'<. he tl.n^ remarks: "On the \v!im1,>, ^,-.^
I known of no work in which tic InndMiieaital iirinci-

])les (d' tilis profession ai-e Sfi W(ll or conrisely ox-

pr(^ss(Nl." .\nd in regard to Mr. I * 'U iiin;L;'s e.xplain-
tioi! (d thi-; scienee_ ;i,id hi-, g(Mie!;d dejinition of \\
he add>. wliat is etpially ci'iajdinientarv to our
autlioi- aiel to .\nieriean L^enin^, "no Enqliak Land-
se.tpe \ i;i I oen.f na> wMuen MO cicariv, Op with so
muidi ri'al in»en-!t \ ."

(dos'dy allied to this sejenee i^ the subject of Ar-
chitectii!-'. to ^^ hieh our author ie\t ttirns his atfon-
tion ; atel in the following year he publishes his "Cot-
ta(;e KEsmFNCEs." Of tliis work Mr. Louden also
o})serves, "This Ixrnk is highly creditable to him as a
man of taste and an author, and cannat fail to be uf
great service." This latter w rk, in time, creates
occasion fivhi-: '*.\ i{eii 1 ri o ri rk oi Corsiiiv llors-
Es." niihnJ inj di\si(insjnr ('o/fa/jcs, Farm I/uscuvii
Villds, irif/t 7^r)7ia7-/,:s' on (he itifrriorst, J'm-niture, and
tJif hrs't modrs' of \nir)u\nn nivl rrnfifafiiif/.

Of these, the English and Anvrican press offor re-
marks so similar to those whitdi we have alrea<ly sulh
mitted on hi-- Landscape Oardening, as to sup'^rsodc
the necessity <d" ninch am jdification. "We select the
(do-^inj; ^^o^ds of an Ln^li-h li"\ie\v of one of these
work^ :

""We Mfref(di oni- ai'in acro--^ the ' bi'_' wntir' ti
fender our Yankee co-adiutor an laiidi-li sl.;ik'' ir i
a cordial reeo;_nution." We will add f\vo exiimpl'S
of the Ain"riean estimate (d' lh'"<e proijuetidn-. ^i"'-"
a '.'"iitlenian resident on the .\tlantie >lioi'e. uh.! is
eniinejitly <|naliiie(i fo form an eidiLrhtene,! iud^inent:
" Much of the iniproycment that has taken pki<'i' in
this couiitr\, 'lurini: thr* last t\yelye years in Kiiral
Ar(diitecture, and in Ornani'^ntal Gardening .ind
Planting, may be aserilxMl to him." Another f;<'n-
theiian. eijuajly \\el! .jicilitied to jndge, speakin;^ '^
subuid):tn eofta-e^ in the West, says: " I asked the
origin of <o nineli ta<te. and was tohi it might pnn-
cip.illy be traccMl to h-wnin-/'^ ('Mtfage Kcsidenccs
and iiis Horticulturist. ,,

Of his remaining works, the " IIoRTrrn.TiRifT,
his monthly journal, whi(di has enf^t^red its sevonth
year, is extensively cehd^rated for its appropriate,
interesting and eloquent leaders — for its numernuj
and able correspondents — for its varied learn ini;!^'^'^
ripe (»xperience — for its just and faithful reyiews—
and for its tasteful embellishments and rural decora-
tions. „

His "Fruits axd Fruit Trees of AMERirA, j^
volume of six hundred pages, was printed in b^-1^
both in Xew York and Lf.ndon, and in two different
forms — the duodecimo with lineal drawings, ami the
royal octavo, both with these drawings and with col-

ored cngrayings. It has passed through thirteen
editions, and originally combined hks personal (d. ner-
vation ami experience with those of other Aiiieru an
fruitgrowers down to that date.

Besides thesj? ])roductions of his pen, he edited
with nc.tes and enu'udations, *' Mrs. Loudon's (ianlen-
ing for La«li«'s," also, " Lindley's Theory of Horti<ail
ture." delivered various addresses ; submitted rei)orts
ta puhlic bodies, and ci.ntributed numerous articles
to the secular, literary and scientific journals of his
day.

In addlticm to these labors, he rend(ired eflieient
.Kcrvict'S to the cause of agriculture ami agrleultural
education. IFc ccmstantly superintended^!, i, honi'e-
fctead— \v;i> a <-orre:-p,,n.ling or aeiin- nend.er in
nnny horti. nltnral and kindred a v-oeia;i,ais- -wa^
'"""'"^'''' '""' prominent in tic e.,tablivhm,,„t of

this Cngre.vs, and from it > oi!-i,,, cdialnnan -.. ,.-•
fruit ceinmittee— the author (d' liie rules of - Ancri-
C;Ui 1' in >Io^ry/' \vhi(di, with -..nie m.-dirat !, .n-^ l,a\e
hoenoxteii^iv, ly adopted. He ad\i^ed and aid'e/i in
theiaymgoiit (d ,j.r. lind,-, in the plan, and >pe, ifiea
tions of various pia\ate und piildie laiild:n-s and at
tho time of his dea'h, not .,niy ha,.] .■ -niraets ]\,y i,',i.
portant professional .services "in Xewburg, \ewp(u-t
Georgetown, Albany, Boston, and oth. i 1 daces, but
was actually un hi.s wav to Wasiimgnui to prosfVute
the husuK'ss m whndi he |,ad engag.-d by the natiim-
al government, for the lavinj: out and adornment of
the public ground> in that e,ty. lb- \r,u[ al.M. pro
jected several new volumes in the .lepartnients (,1
hif^ peculiar studies and labors, as well as the revi-
sion of his present works. The last effort of his pen
wasapostscnpt to a set of working plans to illus-
trate a design for an observatory-, proposed t. be
erected in one of our jtrlnelpal idtics.
^ Alas: that one v,, , minendv useful, with sm h bril-
liant prospects befor.' him, and whose place it is so
difficult to fill, should h.; s., sndderdv removed ' Su(di
IS the common exclannition ! Ibu tins general sorrow
iiKiyfind consolation in his own devout words in a
letter of condolence addressed to me but a few dav^ i
k-f .re his death. T]^,y seem protdietic of this hoJr. ]

' tmd kllMAys wdiat is best \'>V lis.'' I

This di-pensati.ai i>; indeed m\>t."rIons : a wonder '
oflrnvidaieesueh as t he All- W"i>e and Infinite rare-
^\ l-Tiniis. He take.s away (uie to whom wearencM
••"•^'■li"''. :iiid that, to ), when we can has^t ail-rd to
^I'"^'"'' '"'"• ''"'t l"t u^ hope that this inekanehMJv
ev.-nt laiiy awaken public attention, and dirert it
Iroiu the man to hi. pursuits and to il,..ir eonneetio,,
with the publie w.dfare, and thus become the occa- ,
sion of raising up a host to carry out and consum-
mate fus worthy enterprise.

We have thus spoken of the last hours of our la-
mented friend— of the dreadful catastophre whicli
terminated his earthly career— of the eirenn. .fauces
an'l inlluences in whi.di his (diaracler wa> lorncd—
|;I tfie great events of his public life-of his publish-
ea;\(,rks— and of his plans (d' future usefulness.
^ As your humble servant, appointed to sf.-eak of his
^\K character and virtues," it is not ])roper fu- me
^J indulge personal and private partiality. It has
oeon my endeavor to form su(di an eidightened jud'^-
mcntof his worth, and Mirh an unbiased estimate of
fi's numerous excellencies, as shall be in harm.my

rJlT''^^^'''^'^ opinion, and shall comnmnd public
confidence and respect.

!'.> speak of his faults, if he had any, was neither

u,, '^^f'ntion nor our duty. Frailties are incident to

m,n 1" "•'^^"'*«; ^'"t happy is it for us all that com-

''>n Ueneyolence spreads the veil of charity over the

6 a\e, and hides these in its sacred trust from pul)-

1 C oWm. ,„„. It ,,, ,|,„ ,,,„vi„e,. ,„-,|„. , i^, ,„

, |"'ak ,.( wi.at wan «„,-,l,y „( |,„n,„- «,„! i,„iu,7 ,

H0I.OI... „.an.sor,|,,. |,„,„av;.,l. TIm.s u. , ;

•xp...-tat,„n Oa.ldmKt,. ll„. lustr,. „ri,is (a,,,,.. Il,\

,',''^V"'o ' '"^■^' ,">'''W ; the mo«t euJunn;; ,„ „.■
uinents uf his worth.

Ihit he has jroue' Ifis, m.-if ;>. t\,;^ n

, 4 ., ^ ' •,, '"^ «<-'it in thisL<,ngressis Na-
'i" • Anoth.rud Inrake therep,,,; uhiel, u as ex-

i"'^!"^^'-''"' '"';»'. ^W- shall nne iMui.- In. w,. earn!
' --n.ge.an.e.,^,,,,.!,!..,,,^^,^^,^^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^^

'';l''-'''''I ■■''''' •••;'•'■-'••''• a.-tion in our er.hauors to

,>'.""■""" ^^'"-''k^- "''.i-^-d thi. a^.oeiation, in the

ori,,iMiml pro.re.s of whieh his a.enev was M. ..on-

^'"'■"""^- '•■''- ;-ne: lie is numben.d with those

'"■^"""V"^'"' I";;""""'-d •I'-onanientaland u .dul

'";■':' ^^''"'rV ''•.'"" \'"i'- '=^'->-.^^ With the .rudite

•'"" ^'''-" ' "l-'n'i-Mhe wi^eand lahori^ai. Ibnd the

"'■'''■"' ;^'"^7'"""'i''>l"^'-.ihe|oMMoron.and p^efie
K-.>end..n. the praetiea! and enterprising: L,.well, the
tas(dulan. enthuMaMie Dearhorn. the indefai i.-alde
and versafde Skinner, the... |..nt;iie and N^hnnmou;

I Lomlon and other. „f nolde .le.sigu.s and of endnrim
! fame. Ihese have falbm around us lik. ih, ..a>e^

;"''';""'""• ^^"1 '•'•'^'■l">-,. now calls np,,n ns to in-
iscnheon that Mar^pan,ded rwlj 1 1,, . her,-i„ d nanie

"^ ''"^\^''^'-^,";"-k doun Mcid.nlv, when hi.s .sun

\va ■ a! tile zenith o| its 'dory.

. *^''JY-^\'." ^''^' hosiuirof ids mother earth, in the
city of h.s birth an.l the sepuhd.re of his fathers, on
the banks ,d that beautiful river where his boyhood
sported, and where the (dodcest secenery inspired hi.s
opening mini v,,,h th,' h.ye of nature^ a sp- t whieh
^^''.' ''•■•l''a'-'" '•"• thousand., of bi^ .diunvrs, and
which our loye for him will constrain us to \Wi[ -
\\ e max rescu't to his hospifabk man-^i.m, but he will
m» huiger greet us ^^;th his cordial .-alniaiion n.u-
• 'Xten.i to us the right hand of f.Jlo .ship. W .• may
wend our way throu-h his beautiful groun b ; b,,t ja^
will not b(; there to ae('ompany us. In^i, ad d hi-i
pleasant and ip..frnefi\e voire*; whicdi once dropped
'^"'■''^ "' ^M-l 'Ml an 1 d' Ii_dif on onr ear, we ,.h;ill
hear the t.,w.> nioinnliillN n-hin- in the bree/e--the
r\pp-< moanin- his funeral dir-., and the uiih,w
we,.pni^ in revpnn-^i\e ori.-f', " Leaiio. h.. j^ nut.' —
Ili^ mortal ha> put ..n ininiortalif \ ."
When we flnnk of the pjaee whi'di he occupied Jn
''"' '"■■•ii-t^ ofhis eoiintiym II and rotemp ,raric s--of
the exf.an.jin- interest ^^ hieh he ha^ aw.akened in the

rural arts, the ivfitP ue iit> and e-nifMrts of so, defy

ofhisunfinish (1 phm^. whi.di others, in.pired by his
genius, will unf(dd and consummate— ' and of" his
works, which will be admired uji-ai the fon-nes that
now praise him shall be silent in death. onTsense id'
justice accords to him an earthly imnioHality -a
fame whieli history will cherish, ai t'adi,o-n, .and grate-
ful posterity revere. ^
^ n<- is dead ; yet how little of ,9?/c7/ men can perish !
The clayey tem-ment may indeed fall .arel crumble.
but to him who dwadt in it, a )da<;e is as«igne(] in the
firmament of American genius, fir above the storm.s
and convulsions (d" earth — "in that , har ujiper sky,"
where he shall shine forever to illutniie- tic j.ath^d■
intelligence, enterprise and virtue, and hencelMrth to
enkindhf in the human mind a loye of order, ta^fe
and beauty. We rank him with those who start im-
provements which advance ages uiier they are dead,
and who are justly entitled to the consideration and
gratitude of mankind. Washington and his illustri-
ous associates are d<!ad, but the liberty which they
achieved still lives, and marches in triumph and

-, :,'. u IAS

216

TOPPING rOUN.

ror

Tr.Ttrn,

glory throu^^h tho oarth. Franklin is (load ; ])ut the
spark which his miraculous wand drew from heaven,
speaks with ton«!;ues of fire and clectrificH the ^lobe.
Inilton is dead ; hut lie awoke tlie spirit of invention
which turns the machinery of man — aye, and he
awoke also the genius of navigation.

"And heaven inspired,
To love of useful glory roused mankind,
And in unbounded commerce mixeil the world."

Downing also is dead ; lua tlif j.iliu lj>IeH of ;i!ti--
tic propriety and ornament, of rural ecoUMiuv au'I
domestic comfort which he revealcMl, await a iimr*'
full and perfect develu|Mriifiit ; an,! as tlirv ailvaiuc
towards their ghiridus coiisiinmiat inn, ^^i-afrful mil-
linns shall hoTin)- and rli('ri>li liis nani"'. His uiciiin-
ry shall livn forever.

0\ TOPIMNC. C()l<\.

We gave In a former numhcr, snnic rcmarlcs on
the cultivation of corn, an.l ijitiniat.d (,ui- intcn'inn
to refer more partimlai'I v tn the piactirc of tnpjiiiiM
ihe stalks, as often iitaiticMl !,v lai-mris. WC now
procee<l to redeem that pinmiv,., a^ i;u- a< we am
able, and to suggest a few ili.,iLi^lu> which have oc-
curred to us, based on our own, and the experience
of others. The sulyect deserves uiMitinnal import-
ance the present year, on account cf the slmrt crnp
of hay, which r.rges farmers to greater ecnnnniv in
the securing of their coarse f'.M, i-.

In discussing this rpiestion, we may perhaps, as-
sume the following positions as admitted facts, for
we believe that their correctness is very generally
conceded: 1. Tiie greatest ijuantitv. in pnuiuN. nf
corn is obtained by allowing the grain to rijien on
the stalk. 2. The greatest vieM is getmrally ob-
tained by cutting at the roots liefort^ injuiv iVom
frost, and curing in the shock. ?>. The li;:iit(>t
weight of grain is generally obtained by llie system
of topping the stalks.

If these facta are admitted, we tin ii stait \\\\\\ a
very strong argument agrtinst the prai-tirr of tnpj.in--.
Let us see whetlnT the system has nr iias nnt a<l\an-
KiLres tn cnnuiii'ml it tn f'a\nr notw ith.^tandinLT these
causes operatim:; aL'iin^t it.

Tlie principal ari:;iinien1s in l'a\nrnf' tnpping ar(^
that the ::, rain i> bet t^T en I'dl a^ a ii;i-neiMl rnle, than in
any oth-r wa \ nt' ha rve ■-tin l^ an il is dn ne n\ it h le>s hilxtr
and expense. It is thought t -n. that the stalks sa\e<l
are in nnieh b(>tter condition than when liar\este<l in
any other mode, and many farmers seem to ]dace but
little value upcm the butts, or lower part of the stalk,
for fodder. This opinion is, we think, a mistaken
one, for in our ex|)erience, we have fonnd the >)utts
worth more for fodder than the tops, especially Avhen
properly cured.

The labor and expense of harvesting is nnt materi-
ally different, whether the stalks be topped ami the
butts afterwards cut at the ground, or the whole crop
cut up at the ground at the first instance. The
extra labor in cutting up is generally made up in the
greater expedition of husking.

The great ol>iection of cutting at the roots before
frosts, is in the difficulty of curing the corn and
stalks ]iroperly. AVe are aware that manv ( laim that
tliis is an easy matter, but our obser\aLioii goes to
convince us, that in one half the cases at least, both
grain and fodder is poorly cured by that system.
T'lie fodder when well cured, is unquestionably more
valuable than any other mode of harvesting.

The conclusion to which we arrive is that in cases

where great care and attention can ho hostowcd un.,
the cutting and stocking, and where tlie autumn j^
not apt to be too wet, cutting ]»y the root is the beit
method. If this care cannot bo bestowed upon th*
cr(»p, aiel if it eaniiot ha\" good care in drying, some
other system hal h tt.r })e resorted to. ^'

We have seen large quantities of corn rut and
stooked, but seldom have we seen a large field save«l
in good order. <!enerally the stooks fall down, the
'■■'li'i injnrr- tlein. the corn an<l stalks all sufiv'r in
ijiiality, and the i-roj» turns out badly. But notwith-
standing!- all tlu^se drawbacks, we are eonvineod of
the manv ads antaLn'.; re<nltinL!; frnm <'nttiii<r at the
r( M >t s.

()rth(> Aalne nf cnrn fndder, and tlie inij-jortari.-o of
sa^ing all ^^[' it, tnn nnich cannnt be said. It i-. f, ^
many purpnses, superinr tn hay, and al\\av< y.w^
liberally for the labni- and expmse ol securin";: \h\\i\i
lie.vt nnmner. -A". )'. Fdnmr.

Wii AT n r.wo i< M \nK OF. — .\s Cnann i- gottin? to
be one nf the vexe*! <|ne<t!nn< n{ the (lav, the follow-
inix anah'^is, of out Iiol)os (iiiann. ri'ciitlv mado in
li -ndnn, ha- an interest, jsartii nlai l\ tn tlir mTicul-
tui-ist :

k'^alf of ATnmonia. 7-^ parts.

.Xiiinnil nr^ianii' matter. S,] do

Sidpliate nf mni-iate nl' pntash and >uJa, 2^ do
IMinsphale ul' lime and magnesia, 52 do

San<l, 18 do

AVater moisture, \\\ do

Liebig says that one pound of Guana imported
into a country, is equal in value to eight pounds of
^^heaf. nr twe]\e and a lialf cents. It \\ as stated a
day ( r two since, that ten tnns of ;_rnano at $50 per
tnn, \va^ wnrtli \^^ the fai'mer ,Sr>0(< net prnfit.

r.r.W'O AM> LiMi — William Boulware, of Vir^rina,
has Inrnished the American Farmer the statomcnt
(dan interesting ex])erlneiit, ^Imwing that pjuano is
nnt so evanesc<Mit in snlN a< it has generally l>^on
bidie\C(] tn b-'. Three Years aL:;(>, 50 bii-lh 1 ef lime
]>er aere was ap]die<l tn a field nf cnrn in -jirinp.
The next autumn, two lu-res nf tlii< field w«Te dr'^'^^^d
with 200 lbs. (d' Patagniiian Ciuann, and t!l''^^ll"le
field s(»wn with wheat. A pait was s(,\\n with cl'Ver
th(> next spriiiLT. The wheat Innked nnieh tli»' hest
nil th.e gnannr-d part diiritig spring, hot In-t iiiurhof
its snperini'itv in the di-nught id' vumin')-, the soil
being light. Ibit the elover took well, and th-' noxt
yearyiehhd a luxuriant crop after the guano, Imt on
(►ther parts of the fi(dd was not worth cutting. After
second crop of clover, wheat was again sown, and on
tlc' two guanoed acres it was nne hundred per cent.
beit(u- thati nn tliat wdiiidi was linnd nnly. and other-
wise i){ (Mpnil fertility.

Making A'inegar, — Vinegar, according to a writer
in the Genesee tanner^ is cheaply made. ^Ve re-
publish his recipe : —

" To eight gallons of clear rain water, add three
quarts <d nmlasses; put into a good cask, shake m-cU,
and add two nr three spoonfuls of good vf^ast CJikes.
If in summer, place the cask in the sun ; if in winter,
near the chimney, where it may be warm. In ten
or fifteen days, a<ld to the liquor a sheet <^^ '^'"'^^^^
paper, torn iii strips. dii)ped ,in molasses, and p^>^
vinegar will be produced. The paper will, in this
way, form what is called the 'mother,' or life ot tne
vinegar."

(''>^'K NOTKJivS.

*•'-»» . -IM^. ■>'«

217

J}ooU 'Xoitccij.

fhf North American Sj/Ira ; or a description of the
forest Trees of the Vnited States, Canada, and
iVonr Scotia, <lr., Ittustrafed tnj 15() colored cop-
verplote Ewjrarings, Inj Jicdoiite liessa, etc. ]iy
f, Andrew Michaux, Uol}ert I\ Smith, Phita.,
Put, Usher.

"We are under heavy obligations to the enterpris

in

Nun di comprises three magnificent viduines, em-
bra, mg all the newly discovered trees of Califnrnui,
New Mexico, imd Oregon. In speaking (d these
volumes Mi. :-mitii says:

•* It was a singular circumstance, and a iiappyono
it has proved for advancing sci<'nce, that Mr. Vitt-
AM, arrived in thiw country the very year tlia' the

younger .M u mm n left it. riMMi tl at'ti'me he de\t.ted

, 1- I r Til- T > MM I h's tab nts to Botany, and aff. i- \ i-iiin<'' a l:ir"-e nor-

(rnuhhsher, f>r a e(>pv of this superb w.rk. Ihe' r tl,,. r,.;»<.,l <<» f i ' ^ ' '"n ^^ '-^i^r' r<'r

f^ ' -1 1- 1 r • "'""•' i»>t''d States, wiihau aptiludeof obser\alinn,

accuracy with xshiel, the enu^-avings are executed, | a ^,ul, kn>-> . d' ry, taet in di^ i immatinn. and tena.-
and the beauty and fait hlu!nes> of tlie cnh.ring. to- j ''v nf mem .ry, larejy pnss«^ssed hv one man, lie pnb-

....ther with the valualde desciiptinns a.-cnmpaiivin" ' '"''''■'^'"' '•^'•■"•J'''!. ii"d nmst hajipilv execut.d bo-
'^, I, , , ,1 , • /■ ' ^Itanical work, the Mienera (d .North Ameriejm

1 1.111. ail ser\e to remier these volum.'S indispcnsa- I , !..,,.» i,, icm , i .1 i. , m •

' j pl.nits. In IN.,} li,. cn,sv,.,l iln* Koeky M.mntains,

1,1c I. Mlin^e desirous nf fannlian/.ing themselves with I and exjdored the territory (d ()re;:,,n, and Ipper
tlief>rc-t tre( ■> (d" North America. M'aliforniu. ^\ ith his petadar (pialitii-ations, he pi-e-

From the preface we learn that the f aindation of ' \'^^''"} ^'"' ^"l;!'!''""'"t to .Mi<duiux's Sylva, in three
' 1 ,. 1 ; 1 1 .1 11 Ml 1 I handsome vnhiiMe.s, correspojulmg in size with the

t he ''i-.'at wni-k \Nas laid hv the elder .M lehaux. who ! ,.,, ,,, ,1,. .,,ir »• r i- i r. 1 1

^ :, . ^ . picseiit, the puldieation of w li i(dn al t er niai! V dehi vs,

devoted t(!n yars from 17.^5 tn 1 7'.'i;,~tn an exidnr- was cmnpleted in Isl'.i, l,v mv snii. in IMiiladejph'ia.
atiiin of North Amerira, finm Idorida to llmlx.n's ' '"' ^^^" ^^"rks are now nni- and hnninM(.(,,.,,u^, the
Ijj^y fnrmer innst highly \alm'd by all h \er> of trei'-.and

,p, ,,• . r\- .1 \ • /> 1 1- 1 / the hitter de.tine(l t.» l,,- eMuallv sn. when tic tine

I It jii-tcrv of Aortli Amei-iean Oak- whi.di orm- ' ,,,. ,1,, («•,,. 1 ■ ' i

products nt iiur mwlv aeiinired u<'Mern rcL^ons

ed the nucleus of the complete woi rx. u,,- [.unn^n.'o make near way i<« our garu<'ns ami plantations^.--
shortly before the d-'ath (if the lalhci'. 'idie vnun::er ' ''*' Ireipient nd-u-enee'^ I ha\e made to .>Ii-. \ i -r-
Miehaux visited this cmintrv subset, uentlv. and the t ^ i.r/s v.dume-, nn ill .j.ow t he r,,nh'r lliat his a-ldi-

.^ , , 1 i' " , ',,.,• ''"" '" '""■ •'^^l^a, are both e\frn^!\e and important ;

mairiimci^iit \nlumes hrlorc n-, are the i-csn t o hi- ;, ,• =11 ■ 1 • .1 . 1 .i .1 . 1

'^ , in-p''''tinn will .-.inNiiire hnn that lM,tli authors stand

visit and extended researches. on the highest pedestal of merit."

Persons desirous of examining these splendi<l vol-

The iSylva was first published in France in ISIO-

13. The first English edition translated hj, Hill- nines can be gratified )>y calling at our of!iee, (,r lull
house, was puidished in Paris. Thi-\\as sonii ex- i'd'ormatinn can be obtain^'d b\ apphing to Knbert
hausted. and a seennd ju-nduced at X-'W llarmonvin 1*. Smith, I'u! .li-he]-, Thilada.

Indiana, unth'r the sup'U'inteiiilenee id the (li>tin-|

guished William Maelure. ddie-t\lein which this A'piculln ml J^nducHons of P' nnsylvaii'm acroidinrj
edition was got nn, was so bad. and it abnumh'd in ^" ^^" ^""'"' 'nisus—m<):
80niany, and su(di -ross typographieal error->. ihj^t ! ^^^'''■' ','' '';M"\'^*'^ ^'''''I-

;♦»-.! 1 11 1111 1 , , .Acres land unimproNed

It proved nearl\ worthles>^, and w Imll v uiisaleab e. ., . , ,. ,. '

• ' < asli \alue of farms.

After t!i<- death (d' Mr. .Ma(dure, his l,i-,,ther ami ex- ; \ alue of fai'min;: Implements,
ecuier, presented the original jdates to Hr. vSanund Maidiim^ry, ,^c.,

Oeorge Mortm,, ,d' riiiladelpida, who desirous of V"^'^'"'^\f ,

. , . . . As.v;cs, iMliles, itc,

seein;: a liand^ome Ameru-an e(litinn, suceessfullv >J iidj ( \,^v^
exerted liiiiiself tn pmeure a publisher, and j»revail- AN'orkin;: < ).\(.'n,
t''J 'd" n !ii- hroth-r-in-law, .Mr. d. day Smith, to be- ^^^^'''"•' < 'attic,
conio the editor. I'ndcr the hitler -.ntlenian's su- ^'".''d*'
penntendcncc the present beautiful e,iiii-n has \alu.' of Tdve Stock,
been produced, the translations having been render- 1 U heat,— bushels of,

ed more accurate and tic plates rctou< bed where ne- ^^yc,

n«,,jQ.,, * I , ,■,,•■ • r Indian ( 'orn,

«^8'sary. .\ fiance at tlie work is suflKucnt to satisfy : '

8,r,2^,r.i9

Sl(»

( ."( '»,'

lO(

*'J

sib7i:-J,5U

.'<;;5(),;v.)K

i?5:',n,'Ji21

Si,i..VJ7
s:,(;l».1'.i5

si.si2i^,;;57
sidiiii.-Uir)

S l!,o(Hi.nr,;i

i5,;;()7.<v.ii

4,805, i(;o

i:),835,2I4

everyone that the col-ring .d" the plates }, as ],een j '

done at heavy expense, by experienced artists, and TlIi: ITAXSV I AW .M A .Mbd I .\ L M \ K Sfn( 'K
ai^J'^r most able and careiui .^upcrw.sion, and swll IXSUK A \( d-i CO.-CAldTAL, .s50,(HH) !_(Jharier

. . , Perpetual, d his Coniftany i- now fully nr^cmi/ed,

compare favorably in every respect with the original.
The notes added by .Nfr. Smith arc extremely valu-
able, and every departm. nt nf the work has been got
"P in a style creditjilde in the higln'st degree to all
Concerned in it; and v. hat is also of great import-
ance the price has been reduced onedialf.

■•■fie same publishers have also issued the continu-
ation of Michaux's great work, by Nuttall, who be-
g»ns where Michaux left off. The continuation by

_ jrpeti ...J - .

and prepared to insure against thecombim d n-k-- '^{'
/'//•< , Water, Accident and Disease, all descriptmns of
JAve Stock, 8U(di a- Iforses, Mules. Tattle, Sleep, Sec.

hiKld'TOKS; "AI.X. d,|N,nes, !'re.ide!it; rHiiJ.

M'Lain, 8(;cretary ; Win. l>ay, Alex, lliland'-, \\ ni.

0. Leslie, James Mathews, Henry A. AVhitc, W.

Bakewell.

Forms for proposals, and all necessary information
n be obtained by calling at the oflBce of the ('om-

can
pany.

[October, 1852.

218

ADVERTISEMENTS.

bo

WAUMN(i and VKXTI LATIM; according; to

rn .7 jy'vic^ -T''' ^''" '''""^''"^^ "'" H.at and Air.

< liII.M)\ Soolohnitod Warniinn;a),d VVntilatin-
App:tr..itns. J 1,0 ^.,,:,t suporiority of this apparatu^
overall othors fur warmin- and vcntilatin.r dwrllin-M
Btor.s an<I puMi. huildin^rs ..f .v.ry .lass, acknoV
led^'o.i by ni..r(. than //ro thcwmnd trstimonials.

iRt. Its ^roat power of <i;ivin;r heat ;

2(1. Its great economy in find ;

3d. Its orreat (hiralMbty ;

4th. The purify of warm air prodnced ;

orh. Its simple* and easy niana;:ement

All pnrtios are invited to exnnTin-^ thj. apparatus

fore pnndiasino; the old fashi(,nod furnace.

Manufactured and for sale l)v

... ,,. , S. A. IIAKIMSOV,

I J'' Walnut street, .Sole A-.nt !;.,• Mm^Tson's V.-n-
l.I,rtors.__ [UetolMM-, l^v>;ijvr.

vim: siiAxoirAi: i-owi^s.

of t . r,':.l Sh,.,,^H,ae hree.l from the cH.-hr.l,.,| st.rk , V J «

^'■'**^ *""J IH^ A. THOMAS. roIuinNia,
■ L.tiK MHter Co., I'a

FOR sale!

Improved Short Hon. and Alderuey caUl.M.f di»n-rnit aces i',e
gre^ucr part of them hr.-d ..„ t)u.f,-,rmof Tl..,n..8 P /nf/n.t on

late .Mr B.ites, of Kirkle.iviDKton. Kn,?!..,..!. i„sfl^ i^t-r-o'd r^

thnthr: ^'"^'■^"''"'^'T*''*^ I'e8r.mp.,rted Stock." Tl.c cows of
that breed are nnrivjilled as rich milkers

Apply to AAKOX CLK.MMN r, agent for the purchase a ,d sale

rOcTOBtU.

Fii(lil>01L\AMKNTALTHEKS&SIli;(i{

male. N..rw«y Fir., Ilainn of <;,I,.;„| \,MriZ^ .i!"' T ''^^

Flimu.-.yrni ^pni'o, srvrnil \:Mutir,s ,X ]] .. .^
n.ne^varu-tiesof J,MHp.T«. MnRhsh and' Insh Yew

roHcH ami

eollpctKMi of, hanh

i|;>lly-..oeks, very ehow'e H-n Hanti;;.;„;, 1 ^^ "' t. ' ^gi;"'^ "'
other^art.cleB usually found u. .nnlar well condJ;!;:!:;;-;

T»r^^}^^^}^ ir'^^^^^A FOWLS FOR SALE.

«.^ . V I ^OUf.S, of his own importation, warranted

pure hlood and true t.. their name. Orders fo tlie sam^,^ it S
addressed to the suhscriher, will receive due aiL-ntio" ' ^ '
, __^_arvRI,I-:s SA.MI'.^oX, West Kox!..iry. M.iss.

SIIA\(;iL\KS!

I !;.'';l?r;'^?^^''' '''"V""'''^*^*'^ iufornnn^ the citizens of
X l.ane..8ter andyiein.ty that they have on hand and for sale a

^ 4m.?. . r ; 1 '''^'"".^ ''""""^ ''^' surpassed by anv,,; the country.
th^v r '"'''"^''^"*" '" tf't^^«e fowls fromSiianph.r. Chma

FnX d sf;" "'^' r^^' »^'«"*^^»"y k"..wu, pa.tnularlv^n the .New
nn .n'r i. f'l """^ '"'' *'"^^^'^' "'"-''^ '''^"^ '""^ f loir j^Mnral ^'ood

t m 7ar «n'' 'V''^ properties and early n, ,tur,tv, whuh render
Ihtinfar superior to any other towl in Anicn.a

I hese fowls can he seen at C W Arnold "s, m Sonth Duke st
opposite he public schools, or by .all.ng on T H r.-uld. arc4>-
June 852^ T.lJ (iOlLl),

'T. c^' T>. FFLLKXRAI^M ~

ManufartuTjr^ofnll knvlsofStmm Engines and Ihvler,, Sli,le awl
Hand Lathes, Mm ant J'r,,.s Screws of all sizef i'c
'^Veyf Chestma ^( J.anra'^trr'. Pa
We a so furnish castings of the best materials, an.! at the most
reasonable prices. Having had fifteen years practical expcrinn e
m the manufacture of various kinds of machinery an din n work
we are aMe to warrant our work to give satisfaction to all wu!
may favor ua with their patronage. f June, 18.-2

FRUIT AXlToRXAMEXTAL TREES FOR SALE

4n'l«in '*?■"■'' T?uu^^'! ""^ and two years growth, from the bud I
40 00( Apples; .-i.mH) Cherro-s ; f, (MK. Dwarf I'ears, eachcont.m-
ing all the most e-teenn-d varieties, and of iar^e size AIh..,
Quinces, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds, rjrap.^s, Raspber-
ries, (»oo8el)erries, Currants. Mrawf)errie8. .Vc , A-c w (H)() sIiIv.t
and Ash-leaved Maple Seedlings of one years growth ; .'Jd.OifO Ap-
ple Seedlings. The above will be sold on the most reasonable
terms Persons residing at the south and west should send their
orders early. Catalogues with prices annexed will be sent to all
applicants jsaAC PIJLLKN,

Feliruary, 18.';2-2mo8.) Tri;''is>,,wn. .Mrrc-rr.- \ Jersey.

ALDKRXEY AND IMPKoN ED SHORT IIURV

(\ATTLE.

THREE thorough bred Alderney BULLS, from nine to eleven
months old, raised from the choicest imporfed stock. Also, two
thorough bred ymmg short hnm Bulls, ten months old, raised on

hv\ aSov nl iTvivv^p'^i"^^""; "'•'^' »'»iil^'«elphia, and for sale
by AARON CLLMKN T, Agent for the purchase and sale of im-
proved stock, Cedar street, above 9th street, Philadelphia
fr.ebruary2d, 1852. *

I)

P<;n'ca Ch.h ,V
'■^^'"'r\ita,Ho||j,,;

T"-pH a,., fiyac,nt,;s,--i;np;;r;.';;phl.::::^vi:^::;^^^^^ i^^l::i

tti aii

iljiiih-

Orders by mail promptly ett-ndcd to. and trees -UHi , L. ,

fully packe.l, and forwarded as ,lire<-t.,i. Catn'-Lo ! " ''''•

^ei.t. Nursery^eedsnnn .^. FI,,r,,sts. West Clu-sJc;; Pa.

•''i'''T<t()H.\AME.\T\LTl?FF9 "

ELLWA.NfJKK .V BAHH V desire to call the a tm,',. rv
fi.'ry,nei.. dealers and planters to the .UMnense 8t<>ek f V ' ''
"" their ^ronn.lK,.nibra.Mn- Fruit Tre.-s of v. r l ' ^"^■» ""*

Standanl Apples Pears, Plnins. ( ',.' ru- Pen, .rT''"""';''=

no;Ke;nbrac.ng'everyfine^;n.:;V'tLtc^

old. trees low bran<-h.d.vm.,rous and f.eaut.fuT '^' " ^''''

invarl and P\rainidal Clierri.s ..u mahil.-h RtM^'i-p r
aiid tree year olu trees; well branrdtldS
uarf Apple I re.-s, on paradise and doncam stocks leantifnl 9

ousVearn;:^ ''''' '''"'^^ '''' '"""^"''^^^ "earing.t-:d:;?^i,^

Currants, including the Cherry, Victoria, White Grape and maiiv
other new and tine sorts. See <.ur catalogue ^ ^

KaK].be,ries, the new lartre fruited monthly, Pastolf &c Ac A
complete collection of all .U-sirable variAies ' ' ^

'^"Jir," u.'!;'"'-; '!"'"•* ";'/'• '""■'" ''' '^'^''"'l''- t^atawhaand Clinton.
8>ro„g .nd.Jyearonl varietirsof foreign grapes fT viiut,..
^ btroni; thrilty plants in p,,t.s. ^ ^ i

Strawl.eir.rsoralld.-sirablevarb'ties. Rhubarb, a large stork i-f
the oes varieties in cultivation, and all other fruits cultiVHted
1 lie eiitire fruit department is under our own personal sunervi-
8 on I he brst .]ua!ify of stocks i.s used,an<l the most scrunuloui
attention given to ensure accuracy : we Hatter ourficlves, that no
.^ursery collection can offer a stronger guarantee lo pure l.uwr.m
uiis respect I he stock IS all grown on nrvv frrsh soil, and ii
Healthy, well manured and hardy. We a«k i>ureha.s^-r8 to exam-
ine It.

OR.N'AMK.NTAL.— Large trees for streets, paiks, .Vo. S.k ii n
horse chesnuts. silver maples, siiowv abeles, in.,untaui asl,. .■ r..
and tulip trees, in large cpianties, clieap.

Rake Ok.na.mental Lawn Tkkks, embracing the most novel, re-
markable and beautiliil trees, and shrubs, both decKhmus an]
evergreen that ran be grown in our cliinalti, for particiiliirs wc
refer to ttie descriptive catalogue,

Roses —One of the richest collections in the country, mcluiliiietne
newest and best J^iuropean varieties, .selected by us last tuiiiii.ii
in person.

Bulbous Root^. imported annually from Holland, can be aupplied
after 1st Sept.

Dahlias. The new English and French prize varieties of 18^1.

besides fine olderones

All articles p.-xcked in the be.st manner and forwarded to any pad
of the I'. S., Canada or California. Orders strictly complied with
111 every particular. The followini; catalogues are s. -ill gratis toall
who apply and enclose stamps to cover "postage which must be
juepaid.

No. 1 -A Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits.

j);' '-'— " " Ornamental Trees, Shiuhs. Ac.

fMo. 3.— A catalogue of Dahlias, Fuchias, Chrysanthemums and

budding plants.
No. 4.— A wholesale catalogue, for Nurserymen and others, who

M'isli to purchase iargelv.
Postage on Nos 1 \ 2— .5o() miles or under 3 cts; 500 to 1500 m. 8(t«-
" 3 «k 4— -LUU " '* 1 " " " 2 •'

MOUNT HOPE NrnSFRTF?.
_ St.'pt. I, 1852. RocheSter.NJl^

siia\c;tt.\e & cocinx nnxA fowls

For Sale.
The subscriber has on liaiid a number of young Cochin China*
Shanghae Fowls of the latent imprirtation, which he will dispose
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to

PHILIP HUNT,
West Phila., Chesnut st., 2iid door West of Pub. iJchool llou««

I

ADVERTISEMENTS.

210

rOKNKLL'S IMlM:()\Lh Si;Lr REUULATI\(i
HORSE ROWER.

n tho endless (diain plan, for which letter.'^ patent
(.re ohtained in February, IS.VJ, is now otrerecl to

l<> Till

r\i:Mi:Ks oi< I'kxnsvln axia
swnw in »s. iirij:\N,

RUOIU ( !•; vV ( 'o.MMl.^- I..N

34 S. Wain- S/rn/, i
Re«pectfully

nil. Mdi.iiii \,

Ke«pectfully inform I'lirmera, Millets and otherH ii.'.o »i

ri!i;sil i. \i;|,|:.\ .•. i ; i; i ,.k.

' [August. Ih.'")2.

<''">i<'i: sii.\\(.iL\i; luwLs

Rlll'H( I ib'T .ilfriH f(,r h;i1.

|an^llae (ovvIh, sirrd l)\ t

rm;

a I'W p:i)i »
III'" ' '■lf!i,;itri| cifk • W

-wiH-dhy Dr. M'In»o,.h,and,rpMt..d to b,- th. b.-st ( , w
8>lvania. A iso a lew pairs o| Wjiitr M,;niv; ha. h

August, 1H.V2.)

it ' he ijco ) oilllg

'■'"li"i;,'t Ml," now

in Pciiii-

I" n \vi-rr.M:\-,

N'> -Ul, Mark.t Bt , Plula.

On

w

the puhlic with the UHSurances that it will ho foiuKl
to possess advantagcM over all others now in use. it
will oporafo at a less (jradk, will ^ive more power at
the SAME GRAUE, aud with less labor to the horse than
Riiy other. The comparatively sinill elevation at
which this power operates efficiently, relieves that
ruinous amount and kind of labor \\hii!i idli. i- pow-
(T.^ ;;''n<'rally impose upui iior.^es, uikI it is believed | *^
that its advantaj^es in tliis important ri'speet nlono.
jf it |,o<i,^ss;rMl no otiior, iMii>t ;:ivo it ( liiiract.T, and
hrin^ it into \<Ty ;j;on<Tal ii.s.'. jJut this r. suit i^
furtlitT pr >in<.to,l by a iiiM>t happy coiiibinatiun of
forces wiiirh ;j;ivos t(> it an e.xcocdiiio;ly liojit .j,,,! ,..,^^y
motion. Th" platform diaims arc lar;i;i', ainriho af.
riini^eni'tit nftbo whole drivin;; a{)paratn> iipini fric-
tion rollrrs i'oihi<'o> tho IVicti( II ot the luaehiiio to
such a sli;:ht aiiiiMiiit that an almost iii:ippiTc]ablo
fraction oi the pi'W.r exerted by the hor.^e will put
the whole in nudjoti. It is tlu'i-ejui-e poeiiliai'l v adati-
tcil for ilriviii;:; liL;lit maeliiiiory, wIoto an e.\ee;.s nf
speed Would endaii-or (he UKU-liincry liriven ; and \et
tho solidity and <t)-..iM.tl, ,,i tfio pr)■^vor are •■oeb that
it is equally well a^laploj to the dri\in'^ (;f the heavi-
est kiu'l- o'i" niarlino'i'v.

Hut it possesses other a.]\intan;os — tlo- Powrr is
undtT the control of u ( I a kiinor om Ski.i lu.ei i, \tor.
As Horse Powers are generally constructed, no effi-
cient means are provided for regulating tho speed, or
niiinlinf; a;rainst accifh^nts arisinr' from undue ,..» i i . ■ • ^ -—

nf the Tower itself, may be thrown out of <n>ar and '"""' ,'""^' ^{'""'"'; nl«<> "i the faeibtv mid pnsion by whiVi, it is
from this cau.se or some .,tl,or, a L:nat I v inop-a^ed [Xh'hs^!^^^^^^^

, . , . ' .■". . '^ ' ^* ; "K"i'>' S8 "I <ira(t. and g.-nrral Kirnplieilv and diirubilitv

velocity may be given to the reniainnej; part^ o| the 1'*"" ""i'- of ih.-se .Machin.-H with seven Tubes Sot eo

machinery, and an in.-rease nf ., 1 dan-or.ais to " «»';""i''''-">"ritube, ' ■-_.,„,,

tli." limbs of tho horse. All moI, difflenlties are o,I|^^^^''r''''^''''';'''''r^'''^':^^ ''^^-•'•'•l'^''t tr> ('ut, HrPak^ or Waste.

IHvlLLS! DKILLS! I DIMLLS'"

.. v,.n,l var„.t,.., ,„ win,.], u- Inv , M v „„ 1,. T , „:

quaiildv

I'TH r' lMll;if,.(| Willi BrrcU'S

s..V',t 'o'tT T ;;">'^"^-' ■•'•"' •'^'.'"I'lifiH our PriH, as to enable us t

Sfil It at llif t.iili. Willi; 1 fdufrd rates :

()n<- with seven tubes and w.-nl, ,i S. .-d R,, 1, r

'■■•'•r'rifrd !;•. S, ,. .> ,^
l"or cacli additiMiia! Tube,
^^•■V(•n Tul-ed do , ir.iii .s.-rd R,,
Jlach a(iditioiial Tu!m-,
Seven Tubed do,i4iiigle Hopper an,! |';,|, ,,, Ir. .11 Seed Roll, rs

which, by the movement of a single screw, is regulated
to seed any desired (piantity pr r afr<'
Each additional Tube, "'

In addition to the fr.regoing, we are building a large number Tf
Slue prills, which have ben, s,;tiHfactorily t.-si.-.l, an.l „,.

^•ho 00

S., (H)
10 0(J

8.*) 00
1000

wnr-

entirely obviated by a (iovern-
which rc'Tulate aad .•(.nir.,! all

, ,, . . '"i ^" ''♦"'"■"'•■ "f"- •"■>*t inatmals, ma substantial and work-

niid r rictlon IJrako, manlike maneer. an-l tii dothe work more perfectly than any <»tli. r
lidue veloeitv .d the ' V";V "^e Hot liable tr) eh.. ke with white caps or straw, and are

Power (\.rnoir« l> XV.,. H .. "^^«\^^\''^>0 '" snit.-d to rouuh and hilly, as well as smooth and leveMand.

lover, tornell b louer thus ciHistniete,], regulatod Oumg to the peculiar form of f.ur depositing tubeg they run

and controlled, is singularly eaicibhi ..i th<' hi<rhest 'p'^"''" """' free fh.ms-dv.-s fn.tn filth b.to-r tir.u any othrfK ._.
f'xecution whieli Mieh mar-hin.TV can attain ""and '//';'';' ''j'^'''-" ='['' "''i;i'''7'^v'''''f''V'''rsibi''M,.H Point,, eith.-r nid

with .nfotv It- 1 * \\ ^ .nam, anu .d which can in- ..xlmdrd as thr> breon..- worn, 'i'li- sinniitanc-

»iuis,n'T\. It i> adapted to (die or more ho^,-^e<, jis ""« I'Towing into ;uid nut of oprratiou ..f ihrS.^d .listribidin.' and

IiitV h-' (lo>ired. depositing apparatus, u-hich wrhav p;itri, t.-d r.-ndcrs (air'' ma-

"\ lfl,,,n,rl. 1 ..f ,- ,.,. ,. *1 111 ' <-'"'"^ f=M'''''l*' of being iiian.itrrd with ininh tnorr ease and certain-

Altlin,,::! b r ^er^ roeently prodneed, a large ty partna.la.Iy in s.edin, ponitan.l olher irregular land tlj^^^^^^^^^^

"iiinh.'r id tho rnwersiiave been sold in a<-oinmunitv -»'•■•' ^""''" ■ ^ ' ""^

ii> whirl, t!m>e of Whe«der, Emery ct Co., and others
ii'ivc licrii in n-e.

i'lr.^f l*rnnl}ini at P// i/ti.J, IjJ, i,/ ('.>u/if'/ Kj/iil>/'fio?l.

^ At I ho Ivxhibition of the Rhiladolphia ('..iinfv Ag-
ricnltiiral Sin-iety, held at the Jii^n- ,<un. Oetob<'7,
1>>1, the highest premium was awarded to Cornell's
1 ower, although in competition with that of Emery
a Co., and others.

The power cxhil/Ued ab<»ve was new, and mado
^ithout reference to sioh p.ublic exhibition, but, al-

otlu-r Seed Plant, r.

We also maniifactiirf Ilorse-PrJWfrs and Threshers. Clover
Ilulbrs, With and without Fans, IIorse-Rakcs. Corii-MMdirrs. Ac-
Also. Str.ani I'aigiiM's and .Mill Work.Scr.'w Cult ing .hiii.- to <.rd.-r'-
(\.Ktir.<rs o( .-vrrv d.-.scriptioii. .,f the brst .jiialitv. furnislird ^t
Wilmington Prn-rH. S A M. PF.WOCK.

Ivtimct S(ju;ire, Cht'stcr r'ounty, l*a

P. S — Pasrhall .Morris Sc Co., West Chester.ore Agents for ai
Machinery we fiuild.

July 1, 1SJ2— 3m.

ny

GUANO A.M) FEASJ EK.

TIIK «<nbsrTi!)rrH .(f'T for k.iI»- at tin- lowest market rates,
*■ 1000 Tons Drv I'atagonia (.u.oio,

5<'<> •' <ioviriimfnt Perm lan Guano.

5f)0 bbls. (iround Pia.st.r.

though suhjecte.l t,, the close examination of the

^'f-ry competent gentlemen who composed the official The quality of the above is unsnrpnRs^d, and can be recommend-

niomhera of fl...J?v « . • *• i.i li. 1 i c ed with C(»nfidence to farmers and others in want of the articleg.

i.moers ot those associations, the result has been of a liberal deduction made to Country Merchants.

the

most flattering kind.

First Prem in tn at Jhichs County Exhibition.
^-orneirs Horse Power was exhibited at the Bucks

^•"•unty Exhibition bold at Xewtown. October, LS51,
^nd ohtaiiuMl the higiie.>t preniimn, althouirh in com-
petition with AVheeler's and others.

dry

Ald.F.N \, XFFDUKS.
No. 22 Ac 93, S. Wharves, First Store above Ches. st , Phila.

NURSERYMAN &, SEED GROWER

n.\S alwav.«« on hand af his s'-ed Sior** Ul Chpsnn't
I .* , I ■ *^ , i^treet, Philadelphia, a large itock of Seeds of his own

^Y JI^' inlormation can bo obtained by letter | growth, a r^ry i//i;»ortr/;jri(^m to ;>MrfAa.v.cr5, as he isa practical grow-

;

. ^UOVe directed, and the Power is always open to er.and has been engaged in his profession over 30\ ears, riis niirse-

"ispeetion at the Dnr^of \r,^ KiAVi'nn afrnnf I.oImw O' P:r^"i'»i '"amply str.cked with Fruit.Shade and Ornamental Tr.-es,

Fifh PK-l I ;"^.^CP^^;> ^'^- i^'^ ^l^e street, below accurately named and properly culUvated. Every article gold at

V ' ^ ^''ftdelphia. The Patentee is open to n ego- Ihe lowest rates. and warranted to be as represented.

iiation for the sale of Township, County or Stat^
^'^^'^^' August, 1852.^3m.

Seed Store, 07 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia Nurseries and Seed
Farrn, Darby Road, two mi'ei below Gray's Ferry.
June 1, 1831. R. BUIbT

tj-Ij • • '

220

ADVKRTISFMENTS.

[October,

The fulowing at o7 cts. per dozen, and 8- per liun-
dred :

Myatt's Eleanor, Manimotli, (Jlo]>o, liritish Queen
and l^rolific lf;iutl)ois; Lizzie Kaiidolpli, Blaek
]*rinee, Jenny'H vSoodlinn;, Iowa, ScliilN'r, Hiut'h new
Pine, Jlival Hudson, Srarl.'t Melting, Coluniljus, and
S(;ioto ; F'Iwan;;or and Harry's No. I. Monroe, (Jen-
ewsee, (Mimax, and Orann;o 'iVolific ; True Bishop's
()ran;;o. 151ack Kuek, Aljyssinian J^rinee, Kl>erlein,
(Jreen :nid Flat Haiit))ois, K<Mi and AVhitc, lUish Al-
pine an<I KIton Pine.

The following; at '25 ots. per doz., and SI per liund.:

Larp3 Early Searlet or Early MrLnnin. rriiii^nti

Cone, Ilovey's See<llin;r, Boston* pjnr. lluNun. W il-

W, Methv.ii Sr;irl.t, Neekr.l i'lf,,., Jln^rlisli White

TO FARMERS— SALINE FKI;

This preparntion is tleiiigned tn fumieh the S(.il tl

erjil or ninrgaiur :natcriul8 al)8tractc-il Croin it bv Dlimf. . .u
ci-Mof veir.'tatK.ii. ^ ' ""i» iii the

/Kit.

'•; varioiu min.
pro.

It {(.nUmBU lurge pr'.pnrtioii of the wi'ta of Pntash «*..^
Armuoiiia. cotiihiiie.l with Hi I'hosphatt'of Li,„e Aiiwiiairh '""^
mill other fertilizing matter; the whole foririinff'a hu-i, , ''^''
trated manure * ^" > ^''^"ccn-

la thus oflVi iiig a new article to the nttentU>n f)f farmeri iU
lative v;ilue of which remains to he tested bv ♦'Xperieiice it 5''
sired not to venture upon any aegertions respj-ctine it ealriilnl'l
excite expectations. wiii( h perhaps might not be reniize.l k

ing, however, that tlie principal eoiiBliluenls of this

.■tii-l K d W.M„1. ^\'!lit.• ;iiid i;..,l A IjiiiM'. ,111(1 himdcc.

Hi'thdCCOUS r<l lii, ,: u\' :\\^n\0 i "< ' >| il. • lid i ( 1 CirUK'Sr

doiihlt' varieties, and 'I'l-^' iVenics <»i' In \ ai-iot i<'^.
'J'ulips, Hyacititli-. •! ipim Lili--. arpl al! ntl^T liiil-

hotl.S FloW.T Ynn\<. ilichldilio; ttlC ''\llit- Mild VclldW

Cali»ehortus oi' Calilornia. A'ictoria, Colossal and
otlier kinds of Riiu}»arl> ; Sea Kalo and A-]>ar!ir:;us,
whieh can now he transported. Th.* finest Furdp-wn
Ta1)le (}ra]»es, in pots, Sf) por doztn.

The following Strawl^M'ries liavc Imch i* j.mpmI :

Richardson's Early, Late, and Camhridge ; lUnr".-
Seedlinj;, Mammoth," Profusion, and Late Prolific;
Deptford Pine, Myatt's Eliza, Lord Spencer, Old
Pine, Ciishin<;, Princess Alice Mi-nd. Swainstone,
Keen's Seedling, Duke of Kent, Frem h <\ieuni])er,
R lyal Pine, Ruist's Prize, Downton, Knevett's Pine,
Royal Scarlet, Princcsse Royal, Prince of Orleans
and above 40 others as stated in our ratalo;rue.

All will ])e well packed and forwarded as directed.

l>escriptive Catalogues of all Trcr-^ and Plants
with prie(^s will be sent to post paid apjiTu ants win.
rnelo e stamps. [September 1st, 1852.

•■1 little

r-M.

» kiiuw

liave been proved to be li'ighly 'valualdt separaU-iv iV'is (wr'"'!*^
l>elieredthat their rombmation in proper proporn',,,,, ,„ th,l u li!'^
ime Fertilizer" will I'Thi an excellent inainire ^'

!>iin;c:Ti<).\s [-on rsi:

The l-eiti!i/., r sl,,,ii!d heappli..! al the rate of t wu Jurre's to »K.
acre, an. I spread broadcast on the siifface. ' *

If. <Mi opening the barrels, the salts >li(-nl(l be fonud adhf-r
getlier 111 lumps. tli«.-\- should be broken, say with tin; !
s!inve(. upon a floor or sinonth surface, and if convenirnr
good div mould may be added and well imx,-,l h.-fore spreaiiim.

For NN'ii.Mt ,,r r\e.one barrel |)er arre inav be used !.,M,,r,.
'/iiig, and lightly harrowet! in, and I he otb'T applied ;isa tnn ,
iiitxearlv m the sprincr, at the comiiieiic.in.-iit o( th<- lirst th.iw

I'poii (irass it shaihl be sown broitd-cMst. and. a poKsitde whfn
thf groiniil IS wet, or when tlierr is a prohal.ilit v <•! ram to dii
s.!\'.. th.- feTtilizing 8a!ts; gr.i.T.J's la,- 11, t lie fail or early in the'

K|irillLJ, \\'\\\ br binild to uilSWf-r best

I poll Corn. It Aonid perhaps be a<lvis:ible to apply one barrel
tin- lull, and one hroad-cast.

If added to the m;inure or compost pile, the Fertilizer will doubt-
less merease yreatly the elficacy of tlie mixtnn'

Tlie cxper»enr«'. of agriculturists will proljably sueeegt other
modes of emploving it, as soon as thev becoine saidll.-.i ,,r us iinii.
tv Tt should not, howeyr iii any case, be mixed with quiek-liine
w!ii'-ii will cause a loi>s ot Aiiiiiionia, nor should a l)e buried decr>.
1\ III the soil
' fF" I'rice, 82 no per barrel.

Manufactured and for nale !)y

CAHTr.ii .^c SCATTFRdOOI)
June, 1S52) OlTiee, 84 Arch st , Philadelphia.

la

'nn: ckf.vt <tu\ i: wakfiiolse.

J^ersons in wnnf
of Stoves of anv
lb

►-description can

jlio aciMoinmoda-

incnt of tlio siib-
f^ci-ib r, \, rth
Qnoen st., Lan-

oa^T'T. Fa.
'Fi\ ino-^-i-,.;it.

ly tail I r'_'-od \\\<,

M areliouse, and
having also en-
tered into an arran;:!:ement witli the celebrated
Stove Manufacturers of Troy, Albau}-, New York,
Philade phia. and Lancaster, ho is prepared to
Bell Stoves for the Parlor, Kitchen, Har-rcxan, (a-
Store, at Ma nv f net urers prices.

lie also begs leave to state that he is th(i sole
Acjeni in Lnneaster ft)r the CELEURATEnGLonE Stove,
and would caution the public against the imitations
of this celebrated Stove, now in the Lancaster mar-
ket. As they are niuiuestionably the best Cooking
Stove in use, it is important that those who are look-
ing for such an article should know that the only place
where the f/enuine one can be had is at his establish-
ment, lie is al)le to refer to more than fift}^ respec-
table families in Lancaster co., where there Stoves
arc now in daily use. Wherever they have been tried,
they have superseded all others.

G. D. SPRECIIER,

Sept. 1, 5m.] North Queen st., Lancaster.

PUMPS, fm;e fxgixes, cast IKOX FOUX-

TAINS, &c., &c.

The subscriber manufarture.s Doulde-aeting Lift and Force
rmnp.s. perpendicular and horizontal.) of any size or capanly,
which from their simple eonstructioii are well calculated fur Fac-
tories, MineH. Hallway Water .Stations. Tanneries, Mrewfrie*. Ir-
rigation, H ydropathic establishments, or an> other siliialiuii whtre
water is required.

VILi.,-\GF AND FACTORY FIKF. F\ni\F,?,
Having a double-acting force pump. 'I'ue} are light, easily handled
an. I Worked by few men.

t'istern and Well Pumps, for in or out doors.

Garilen Kngiiit s, wMih a sm ill size double acting lift and fi'.rce
pninp. Arranged with or williont .sm Hon Tiieyare sn adju»l»d
that one pcr.son can wlierl tlirin Ir. in plicr to jilace ami arc well
calcsilatetl for agricii Itiiral and horticuaiiral nnrposis

( )rii,uiieiital cast-iron I'oiiiitains of \ arions kt \ leg and pr;i' 8

Copl'er Ivi vetted llo.sc it" ull Sizes. Hose Couplings >liipcu(.KS.
Lead aii<l cast iron pipes, fiC.

I am now ready to receive orders and biiih! Steam Fiigi lies from
3 to ]') iiorse pow<'r. portable or stationary, horizontal or perpciidi*
ciilar. I shall biiilil them in as a simple a style a.s p^ issiide. coin-
biiii'd with streegtii and sure ofgettinu' at every part, and adapted
for any purpose reiiuired. When an culm :ie is reipiired fir raising
water of any amount , I <';in adjust t'le jeinij>,s in a compact feriD
easily got at, and disconnected from the engine, when not required
for puminng. Li many situationssieam is tlie most profitable niede
of raising water, as the engine can be used for other purposes t<i
advantage

Also iirep.nred to receive orders or give inf'nmntion up'^n IjiU'C*?
Plainers. I'resses. Sbaftina:. Pu'lies.and ma(diiiii8t tivils ill general,
from the firm of .Messis () Siiow.V Co., Meriden, Comi.

Aii\ coiiih.uiiieat io!i.^ b\ m;iil will have immediate attention.
(i. H. FA K\ AM, 34 Cliff St., near Fulton, N. Y

i A(>UiLl LTFliAL i.Mi'LFMFXT WAJlFlIuFSE.
I iVo. 05, Chesnut street, Philadelphia.

' THE subscriber offers for sale, Ilav. Straw and Cornstalk Cut-
ters ; Cornstalk Cutlers and Grinders; Corn Cob Cmshern and
Grindeis; Corn Sliellers and Separators; Root Cullers, <>f the

' most ajiproved patterns, warranted to cut hy hand power, tr«>ra
one to two bushels of roots per minute ; Bamborough's celehratea
Grain Fans; Grain Cradles, Revolving Hay Rakes. 8elf-»hsrpen-
ing Flows, various paterns; plain point I'lows of various pMUeji'j
Subsoil Plows, Harrows. Culfivatorsor Hoe Harrows, Churns, -J<»
Drillg. Corn Planters, Corn Shell ers, Scythe-,Grais H'>ok8, Siiaflf»)
Shovels, Rakes Hoes, hay and manure Forks, &,c, Ac.

Orders received for any and every Agricultural Implement now
in use, which will be furnished at manufacturer's prices

D. LANDRKTH

August, 1852 ) No. Q5, Cliesiiut st., Pb»l«-

I

1802 I

Af»\!:p/rfSEMr^NTs,

221

VAIJ AHFK KF.\F FSTATF AT PFBldC SALE PKi'Mii m wtl . Ai'i,.M>»r„o ~~

UnTl'ESl>AY^the:.thdayojUk:tol.>rne.t,\K:i:' ^^'^^^^^^^^ S1KA\S HFRRIFS, RFIdJS, 1>

Tlin undcr.siLnKMl will offor !it niiLllo wf.L. .,.„,., *i..' ,, ih>, «xc.

MiOX-

|)<'f (!<>/,•■ 11.

'iii''ti\o. ,,(! rH. |,or ,j.,/on. ' '^ ^ i

lI"'l-!:itl\o, spi.-\-. rlrli

l;r. "I-. ;i |>i'M Iiirilvo Hf;ed-
lm_^(»l liiirr s no.v Fino. .■-!,. .n j,,.,. ,|,,/.,.„^

,\'"'"""^V'"'I' V''^' ' = ^'-"' ^'''■:^ I'n.-iu. !i;o. Hccdli,,..

|i!'o(li|(l i\ o, .•-«-J (i, !• ij, /.,.|,_

'''•i'"'>"'. lar-o, .looj..s.-ur!ot. pnuhirtive, !?! per do/,.

* ";ii"|""»h very hir^M>, Kcuiln, (ddong cone, .^li por

dii/o|| '

l,.s^, ot supe ^ ^ ^

an.lthehest of cultivation. 13,000 },ush7ds ot' lime "' L'.r'iUror, lar.m r.. \ • > ■• ,

having iMM.npu! wpn,. rl,o l.Ms within tho ha.t six .^l,]\^^^ll^^ h.^^du-.t llavor „l

vcirs. Th(Mniprov.inoi,ts are threp jrodd h\\!;LL \L.nJfr,>nc ^»! '•"'.

IV; IIoIH;.^. 'IV,, I:,,-,,. l,an,.n,,7,.„f them ■„.«■) ^il::^];;;;^''^^'^>^'^>^<^' ^''^y ^'"^,(^>^<^>'^^^^^>r,

land n,m,.rlM, :,l,.„t -, A,-,v.. Ti,N ,„■.,,. ,-,v ..i ..i , ■^" •""-''-■".■, Nrry la,w, l.,;J, ll.vnr, ^1

j ijns til'- Sii-.|U. liaima Fl\rr, I'.'iinsvh aiiia rari:il.

anil til-' IImiI F md jo.i.lin- ii-om ('Mliiinl,ia (-> .Mi,l.l|r-

towii ;uid ilari'i>>liur^, dii-ortlv ii|n,ii whi.li aio two

of the Ite^t Lmio.xtdiic (^iian-io^ ji, t ho .*-iat.', w ii h t;

Kilns, cap.il'li' I'l l)iiniiii<i; Iimpi I ^(Mim tn -JOJHMI lai.

of liiu'' i"T iiiiHth. tu^ctlior witli a iio>,v I hvoHin-'-

House, -l!'■'Mlll,L^ and all H'm-o.^hi'v li\!ui-o> Imi- l,,ad-

in;: lioa! - in i ho ( 'anal. IT d''-ii aMo aluait 1 1 1< » .V-a-ov

will be sold >o|iar;Ltr with ilio Fiil ldiiio;,s and Fani

now occiipifd hy Jaiiio^ .Mr( liii-e, as a louaiit. The

l.uhince, inrludin;: tho (.»iiairio.s and Finio Kiln.s two I ' Twicedx'-irin.r Sw-iin^f-.r,, . i •

T,.„an, ll,,„....s, .,,,1 a ,.„v,. lian,, uill ,„.. .,,,,1 V,,,, ' ton^rvl^v ;"::i,'; "-^ '^e d rr' ""'' '" " '"

v.. 2 i. an Man !, omtanini, al.ut ST' ACKFS, ' lo "'^1 i', 'r .hZ^"'' '^'^ --'^^t, h.autiful. excel-
situated Ml thr Sippndianna K.vor, directly <»ppo.site .\ . |;. \V. ^nirantr.e th. ahuvo F^ varieti.s t„ ho
thotownof Fan.hr.d,.., wln.his un<hT go<,d fenc. .superior t., .n.y uth.T dozen that can 1. rod m-o I

an.l culti\atiMi,. jj,,. iini.rovements aro a m.ed ,.,.Il H... <;...f r.: • .. . pnMiiiM.j,

lar
ou

Xo. 3 is a Lot of Ground in tlu; liorouj^h of Eliza-
Mhtown, ii|M,n which aro erected a lar<i;e two-storv

Hrick- hwi II tor II n . f,ii;M. f t "^'vx- ^ ;,'"'^^" ' ':""•"""' ^""5«"»i, Hcanoi, very i^rudurtive.
M.k l>w. Ilm- ILa.M-. m ihlm- .^o., &. 1 |n.s prop- Cornucopia, lar-o, ;;ood Ihtvor T.roductivr ;-,0 cts
crty 1,. now in tho o.-. upancy ot Henry Creonawalt, y.y ,].,/, „ ' ^ "^'»^^^''' ' "^ ^^S-

wli.iwdl^ive any rurtlin; inh^rniathm rcpdred.- , Froi„..e S.arh't, like Farly Scarlet, but produces
IWs desirous of vH-wmn; the ahove properties dou},le, 5«» cts. pr.; dozen ^ ' pK^iuc s

^v.ll t.lease call npon the suh.<erilier. ' Frin.ordian, heautilul Scarlet, productive n.i hid,

bale to c.,mmence at 1 o', d.-k F. M., upon the ih ^or, i;7 ct... per d<.zen. ^ ' iu( t.^( , n , In J,

promises of Ao. 1, when terms will ho rnade known. I Tivoli Scarlet, very large, beautiful estin.ahlo, very

•I'MIN II A l,IM,\l.\ \. |,i.i.|iictivc.

AKat!!,..san,' tin,.. a„.l |,luc-,.. 1 will cir.T In,- Ini.,.,.- .--,■;„■:,.,, Ii.,l„ ..,-.,H,t, ri, I, li.tv.r, ,„..denu.

I w .• MM • '^ ------ .^ui.< 1 n/i II, ,ioy oiiirruozen mat caTi oo nnK m-iM

,1 oulma.H,,,. li,.. n„|,n,vom,.nt. are a good. Jl tl.Mi.-.st lour arc MM„.rior to C ' T > ,

s lohacco Shed, and other out-buildings. otherwi.se • , «^i «- pin mi

No. 3 is a Lot of Ground in tlu^lioroui^h of Eliza- Crims.^n Pine, conical. Mwoot ri.-l. .. i....*:,..

I

Crimson Pine, coidcal, .sweet, rich, V( ry productive.
Cluster IFkI.^^oii, conical, scarlet, very pruduetive.

sah' part ol" my property, adj.ijidii^ fh" ahow \m. 1,
coMtainin- ahnut l.d) ACFKS. Tlii^ fann i> nnd-r
f^ood iojHM's ami in a lii-h state nl' onlf i\ atiMn : has ii
ViiluaMc youn<; Orrhmil (jn^t cdmin"- in!', full hear-
">?), a ^'oon pr(. portion of Fimhor Fand, irr-at «juan-
titles MJ hornet, and ^o\rral i,imo-tniio <^>iiar-rios. — .
Ihe iin[.rnvcmciits ar.' a two-^t-i-v hu. Ilin- IK )['<[],
"'irn, ^raiii-li,,u<(.^ and tl.o ihiu'Im r n|' out-hiiilniii-r-,
rj^Muircd upon a farm. This Tract is also adjoining
tlieSusipioli anil I Fiver Canal and Fail Road, and
thpvoll known Locust Grove, (Jrist Mill, and Dis-
) V ' (^V""'^*^ *^ maiket at your door) as W(dl as
the Mansion residence of the subscriber, who will h.
pl<'ascd at any time to ;:ive further information and
particulars. The Prni^ will )..■ ,,f il,>> .•a<i"^t .h'-.-rip-

^!!1!L_______ FVIM S S. IIAFFF.MA \.

^^'IFFLNG IIAKDW.VKF AM) TOOL ST(TiTiir

KXCLFSn FLY.
iho largest and only establishment of the kin<l in
the Inited States. \VM. M. M'CFIMJF ^ F.KO.,
^^'). -S7 Market Street, above 7th, Fhihidelphia.—
I^lanufacturers' Depot for locks of all kinds, warran-
^^ ^lu.'dity : IVemium FNircelain Knobs, over GO pat-
t^rn.s; Silver Plated Hinges, &c., with the most com-
^"^fe assortment of all the modern patterns in thisline.
^ddersand dealers are invited to call and examine
our^ek. J5^ Catalogues sent by mail if directed.
p ?^ ^iot Air Kegistcrs and Ventilators at Factory
'^^^8. ^s^.pt, 1852~5m-G

!'"'arcr, .".( ct^. j.ci- (f./on,

Fodojvi^, -caidft. f.\.-( liriit f!a\nr, prodncf i\ .«,

Spii-al. td(i||M;at.d i-<tit(\ iiMiilly prodiic-'s sccmikI
rrop in S''jin 111 Im'I'.

\ irtoriiio, larLT*' line flavor, verv p'-oilui !i v.

Ihdo, \rry lafL'''. rii li llavcr. pro<li|ct i\ !■.

I plii;j.inia. laru*'. liie- l!a\or, nrnduc; i \ r..

Syl\r-tri.-, >rail''l, r(.iniral. May j>ro(tiiv'tive.

Campagnia, large, crimson, printed cone.

My tfdene, crimson, inundi.sh, ri(di flavor.

J'syche, large, beautiful, excellent, very productive.

Amanda, li;:ht scarlet, juicy, productive.

M'arrinj-ti'ii. lage, crlin-on, coriic;!].

I'redoni I. lafji'. pointiMl ((ae'. niiiductive.

rrininpliant .^lM(|t(■\ idcM. M\ato. monstrous, deep
scarlet, S3 per d../cn.

Note. — Tin; jtreceding 32 varieties were originated
by ourselves, and most of them are no where else to
be obtained.

MeAv(»y's Superior, S(lmeick's Fi)-tilhite, Lfm<T-
worth's ProIifi(\ Moyamensing, ^\.llker's Soodling,
Huntsman's Fi^illate, Ficjton White, Myatt's Frolific]
Surprise, and JFiuthois: Rivers Fliza, Falifornian
Pine, Mexican Alpine, Fa Drdiciosa, Victoria, La
Liecjoise, Rrittania, all at $1 ])er dozen.

Merville, largest French variety, .^2 per pair,
^lontevideo l*ine, very large, l»eautiful, $^2 per doz.
Goliath, very large, $2 per dozen. Crescent Seed-
ling $3 per pair.

'"^^•^Si^i;

^iserm ','

222

ADVERTISEMENTS.

f^f'TOBER^

-^rJ^

EMORY Sc COMPANY^S

im:t.\ii, ri:n i; i.ist nr iiniisi-: powkks,

Feed Mills, F;ii)nin!» INIi In. «Vc., A,r,., niiuiufiKtnrfd by tlu'in
telves, aiiil ilciivt-rect on lioarti any (•<iiiv(*y;uicc8 at All':ni\, N. V.'
or at any pi. ice in llie UiiUed States, by llie additiMn of fri-ii^ht :

Kiiiery's Patent Changeable Power, T'lrrslier, Seiiarat< r ami
Banils eoinpicte, for '2 linrai-s,
d<» do d(»

Emery's Improved Wide Rack and Pinion, with Thrislier,
Separator, and Hantla for *2 horses,
do d(> do ] lio

Cotnnion or Wheeler Rack and Pinion Power, Thresher,
5*eparator, and Hands, for *2 li«.rS'-8,
do do do 1 do

If 8i)Id separately the fellowinp j^rices are charpjed :

mery'o C lianjjeabte R. R. Horse Touvr, f.T 2 horses,
(to do do <)(> 1 do

Emery's Wide Raek and Pinion Power, for '2 horsi'S,
(to do do do 1 do

Common or wheeler Raek and Pinion Power, '2 horses,
do do do do 1 d I

Threslu-r. with cylindrr 2i» ineheB lonp, 11; in di iiiu'ttr,
to-ifthcr w.tli Separator and Fixtnrt'S,

120

U5

no

110
80
90
60
9.5
7.)

,T

Funning .Mills with pulleys f.r Hand,

fttO ■'. 9^. 30

TIIi;!:SlIIiUS, SKTAPvATOltS, SAW MILLS,

1 ortablc Circular .Saw .Mill, '21 iiirh saw, (.led and set, i",ir

sawing Hailfiiad'woinl. slitliiig fences, &c. W5

Fprii^hl or I'cUoe Saw for Wilt tlrigiit.s, ^q

(Jliunung uttach'jient, for driving one or two clinnis ut a

tunc, of barrel size, except cliMriiM, ||

Sett Haiiils. Wrmches. Oil Can and F.xtras, j

Cross Cut Saw arrangements for butting and cutting offlogt,

including Saw. guides and coinic( lions tor use, j;

Feed Mill <"ast Ir.Mi 'Males, 35

French Hurr Stone Mill. I'lr grinding, IS inches diameter, luO

" do do fin -JO do 1'25

Power Corn Sheller Pr 1 ( r '2 licr.si s, 3.1 t<i lA

Tkkms — Cash, nr apprnvfd nntrs. or acccjitanccs with intereit
payable witi.in four montlis. m Ailiany. >.c^v \ nrk, HoBton, I'hil
adelphia. or Halliinore, as may best mil the |)iirchaser.

All artic es warranted made of g<MHl materials, and to operate ai
represented, 01 may be returned vithin three months, at the ei>
pense ol manufacturers for home transportation, and purchaM-
money refunded — the purchaser being liis own judge in each caste
I-'nr further partienlars sec previous advcrtiscnient, < r addiew the
8ubscribe''8. liberal deductions to dealers J-nral Agt-iitHwaMtfd
to sell and put the abt)ve in operation. r.Ml.KV \- ('(»

June, 18.V2. 369 fc 371 Hroadway, Albany, N. Y.

i

5^^

^vn f-

• • • • •

_ ...

1 "S' A •^., , .'

1

■*■ i.r ■ i.. ■ r

«v

■■ ' m

■;;:

.'f^'^. ■

r^-

Sxl^W^ I '

»..y"«»

«fc».k ■t^.W^mta.'j *.t*.».i^S . ^ ^ Vi\'ll<^ w^rx J^

'T' >.. . At;.?
r'*r. 'i?f' •■ ■

nilKAT IMPROVEMENT IN ]Ivr)U\r[jr RAMS.

The 8ul)8eriber. during the past six years of j^raetienl experience
in putting up llNdranlie Rams, has seen the neeesBity of home ini-
provenicnl, anl would imw most respectfully sny to the conimuni-
ty at larue.iliat he has completed some very important Improve-
ments, wlueh renders the Ram much more dural)le— (there being
no friction or wearing of metals against metal in any |>art of the
rmeliine) also less liable to breakage— 'such parts being made of
wrought iron as are liable to break, instead of cast iron as usual)
the iirerhtxl of regulating the quantity of water consumed is more
c<invenient. with greaternicety and no possible danger of gettingii
out of order \ and another new feature is the euaineimg or coatiu

he inside surface of the Ham with glass, thereby pn .serving it
from rust, making it twilh water-proof paint upon the outaidei al-
most imperishable. Tlu se Ramsare wrirraiitcd to be more durable
than any others made in the Cnilcd States, without any exceptiou)

Gatehers D. "uble Acting Rams, have become very valuntile 11
raising spring or weil water, by means of a cree^ Tlifae Rami
with suitable Pipes will be put down, i^aiid warranted for one year
at the lowest possible piice tor cash.

(iatchel's iritiis will be put up ^when pr* ferr-'d as usual. Ky Ihe
8 d)8erili. r who has erected large numlirrs ■<( llieiii :ii v irioiis partin
of the C(Uiiitry .

As I ) the (jinntitv < C w iter elevatet". by tin' nbove rain, a riial-
leuur lor 11 I !■ ss t.'i.i.i (i.ic liundred Di.liafs iS Htill (i|Mii, li' any
or all <d" itidse pi rsoiis who alledge tliat their rams wiil elt v:il'' a
greater am aiiit nr per cent of Will r. Thctiulii is that :i ccrl^iin
I" r eriit >•( wal-r may lie raised \>y ilie ram, accnrdiiii; to kiiDwn
aw.s (if niechaiiics and pliilo.sophy, and in- who jjri'lcmls tn raiK
mine ma\ be set down as an arrant humbug, and inteiidiiig tade-
ceive the public

Farmers and otlie 8 wanting Rams will subserve their iiiterert
by examining the above R mis before purchasing e!gewliere (one
may be s -eii m practical operation at the store at any time.)

Pipes of a;l kinds furii .-bed, ami contracts for plumbing at the
lowest rates for Cash. A .rgc variety of pumps, with pipeatoiuH.
alwa>s on iiand.

The Buliseriber would also call the atl'Mtion ..f the public loan
nrtmle of Liphtiiiiig Rod. (onstrnefed upon the prineiplpa laid
down bv Professor Hare. Faradv, Dr 1- ranklm. Lardmr, Arajo.
W. Snow lliirr's. F. R. S , and other philosophers, who have wriir
ten on this subject.

They are cheap. eflTeetive and highly approved of by nil w'tj^ •**
tliem Call and examine for yourselves. A. C. '^^^, , ,'■

300 Marki't St., Third door above f^th st, N. side, Phitadtipn*.
at Thomas F. Croft's Model Seed Store.

June, 1852.

UKNRY A. 1)I!I:i;K'S

SEED AND IIORTICULTIJUAL WAKEIIOUSB,
No. 09, Chcsnut 8t., near ;5d, Phlladelphin.

Constnntlyon hand a large and well seleefed a«8«'rtment of
Garden, Firld, Grass ami Gnt>hn Seeds, Fruit Trees, Orapt MW

Rose s J ^f.
Ilorticnltural IrnplementB m jjreat variety.
Catalogues forwarded on post paid application. (•«?

•41

1P52.

AlU'KnrrSKMFNTS

00

TO FAliMEKS, AliKlCULTL Rl^TS AND U \R

l»i:.\KRS.
CHAI'I'KLI/S iM.'RovED n;KIi!.|/f:R_s„,„t,t^j^ f<>r (i„,.u,„
l,c H.ib.eriher would call 11,,: .m.,„iu,n of il,« Farmers of P,- "
,)ivuina to the chemical compound or manure, mamifactuied v
biinM the renovation of "Worn-out lands." ami known ai

'CllAll'EL's I.MI'HOVKI) IKKTILlZHt "

This article 18 composed ot the 8ame materials as arc found bv
aM.ilyni- III me n^h ot plants, it consista of a mi.xtare (in nron?r
pr,.,...rlioii8) ol Ji'-l'kosj,liute of Lime and Maan^stn, .,r l.onen o «
Lived ... Sulphuric Acid,) Sul,kaUs 0/ AuL,..u /^JZ/.^ V ^

„,.,a, und, astlieseconHlituemsmduale, ,m lat. 1. icd l,, ,,^1. r- t
thcioilall the inorganic mat»;riala aljhtractcd by vcet .imn It
),H.becuaacertained llmtasoil eoatainmg a Hulh.ienr.ju .niit'.' .\,
U.ese ants, IH always l.rti.e; and tne,r ai.Kenee con^ia'^tes nh
..called .>lV..«...r y.,./." Th. a,.al>Ki. of rich si.;.'
g,HKiiii|)ply. and pour I. Old a deiicienej. ^" '*

Tlieniw.gon,' mailer ahHtracle.l Iron, the soil by the irrowth of
.l.rtrrn.t crops is the same, varying only ,n proportion ■ ft ,« Ui.Tr-
,,.reeMdent,(liat it We, supply to U.e Soil a sutiie,eai cjuantitv of
cacli iiMierial inns al.straeled, we reatole Us iVrtility

Tliecyrreeiues.s of the above has been fully sustained by the use
olihe l-atUiz.,, the last seas.Mi. it has been used on iLur honl
and twei.ty-hve t;. twenty ci^;la bashels ul wheal oblaine.l with'
H,..periur crop 01 clover. As a top-.tresa.ngon wheat, eight bush-
el, udditiuiiai >ichl liasbeen realized. (In Hie spring crooB of cnrM
,Mlianddover,the >.eld has been doubled, u' has la.en nse.l .j
l„...mefiel.l(asanexper„ne..t wilt, the best Peruvian (iuano I
iH^hHii corn and oats, and ibe j.cld has resnktd in favor of tl,,'
Ktrl.luer. Ihemost respectable reference can be given of ,«
v,ilue and eflects on pnor lands. b'vciioi ii«

Tliiaa.ticle having been used with g,,,.}, favorable results the ^
mai.utacturer now odcrs It lo agrKMiliurisiN, uuh the lul eonti
ilnice that It will largely repa> lor the ..ullav. and 11,:. r o ,, the'
tliraiifsl manure ihi y eiii ij.sr..

Ui.very p(K)r land, two barrels to H.e acre should |,e applied • on
that la belter condiUon, one and a hall barrels. It is caltuiuteti m
uiii.g twi. barrels, you .supply to tlo- soil suHicenl salts for a r.'ta '
tion. Anatop-dre.sMrig..,nr[y.nTrl put on alter a rain.nr when the
land n wet, and m all easeg near the surlace and not pI,m,.Hm-.I m

'-'3

v.::;:re;?";;;.;;;;.7i;;:;':;;';,;;-;/;;;,/;;'7;-;..,r,.^

average (,ualit> ,.f Peruvian y.ian, Tl . ! -^ '" '*'""' '" l''«

DUrerence in favor of fertjljzrr,

Very respeellully, Ae.
T AP

tiou

81.50

C J(»\i;s.

iskiMj; for m\ t XI

erieiM r

II iMiswer t,, your note of this date

tune to «ay, that iu r , li;: i".';:: '^ ' '!" '•• [ V'^"^' "' ' v- l.it

i'-rre!Hbyu^•.^o, ..xp,rln.^,, - , V'V.A ^ "'^-^

! ''"tv, and this vear I will d,,, , 0 , , ' : . ""' "I'^anin . , h. v-
' My experience. ,f.,«::;.;;';'-J^,;;'' ;'-'';■ "...t lp,:.nl.

'"y -Hi decidedly r.vorabi.. V ! ! ;';: J;;,'::,;:/^"^;;;';'";:'"""-

iiH ilAKD.I. UdKflil.M.'ld.N.

111

(rp.mRev nr JuhiiH, KeetorofChr,,.t<hnreh,Maltun..re.)
'i:, l), l> ^ t'u ,, ■ "^' "'^'"Ki-" July 2, IB.,1

'■- " >■;■" A.,T,.„l,ur,l S:,ll,, ,„ I ,^ pr.HluA, , , W , f •';,'.;

, ^ ■ , -..i..»v»., mill M'lL 11 oiii' led in ^ ' " >»'iiioiii i/ie I enill yiiiir nrlifil** 'ii . 1 — •-

br.Md.ca-tandharrowe.1 when pra.licable. The Ami lonia in ll m "'^'-^''-i '"-t. and co C^dl theabov . f '.'" '"" ^'\^"''''

preiwraliou 18 a Sulphate and therelore not volatile ;<« ... « , . general obRere-.r...,, ,>f 1 ^ al.ove o|.iiiio,i rests meiely on

..e,h.i.,.^diate8JiidSuphates being l'Z!::Z ^^i 'd ^Xi -n -tiHh;^i 1^^ It 1 0:^ 'uZlT'^tX T''' '''" '

hem,a„d they thus saturate the soil with prepared f.HKl, ready f.-r >"" will have several ..r le f ' i ,, Jr '' ;\ ' ^''^ ^'•^"••»

liicouriihuientot the plant; being rich ,1. Sulphates, they are fcrrcd to. Very resnectfuM ' " ^'"^ Vicinity re-

pawerlul absorbents ..fA.nmoMia iron, the atmn..nh,.r« ' ^ "" V.. .' r..'. ' V.' . ...

pawerful absorbents of Ainmoiiia Irom the atrno.sphere

One t;.et peculiar to tios compound .« that such portion ns may
ni. heahatraeled tnan ihe soil the hrst crop remains .., tlicKround
untiic.M,Ba.nedbyanerve.4etat,..n One barrel of Chappe.l's I,,,-
[T'^tM'' 'u" ^•'."'^""^^'" '""^^' l'ho..,>hat.afLnn.nH\l contain-
ediaJ«)0 1.8 /^drue«r„i (,,,,, „o, theref<.re, by the application ,,1 two
mel.(4(,U baUoanaere tbeground Kssapplilal with '. ind
pl..«l.hi e.'f lime as il lOll lbs. best Peruvian (,nanohad been used
and the Fertilizer is furnished at lees than half the ro^t.

»Ne aiKl u lew ccrtihcates. Wv roulil n^l/j ,,ti,^r^ i.io »i.;- ^ 1
ofalverlisiag .Bexpensive-./...s/sho:idbe , ■ u^.^,^^r^^^^^^^^ SiuV";; ,;:!"; 'T I'^'T:'" "' ^^'"''« ""'' '^"""" "•••^"-•.

the Ferlilizer to the favorable notice of all /a ners d -^ r ! ' used tie-.! !'" .? "'"' ''."^"'' '"''"""»• ^^''"^'^ '»"* ^''"^ vva.
impr.ve their lands, 'armers, Ochiring to used, the l.ind was thin, and on a hill side ; I used abnui \' bbis

Your friend and ob't serv't
I l,|.v= u.e<l •' CliappHP, Frmlizer" up,,,, potntnei ivah.l. .lIkI

In:;;;;:';,: r;:;,;;';;,;;;;; i;;;,;>-,",;!;""' "■■" " " •'- "- -■' ''l«;.p.-.i

imprave their lands
Tiierillo.ving from gentleinm of I,,.!, Htandi,,:;. te.stifies to the
^':".'" ";«»'^ftll.zer,e,.mpa,ed witi. Penivi.uiand I'alagomaa
(From (.0111 r .\p C. J.n.es. Washington.;

Guaiiu,

p c. 1. ,., ^'i^^K '''((.sPKCTHiLr-. Va , April '29,

)jii iSe

|V'\V2.

r, „,,[,. I .. - «..,-,...„., , ani indchl'd to

r-urkiailaessiora c .py ,.f the (f.ltim,,r,> Snn. ,f iTili M ,r I,

^^>^^^n^ notice .f tran..fer of >-S,uth Hailunore ClHinn';;

ll.i. an u!.^;'"- '^'•'"'^""'V'': •S'meraeKnowl.d,,d M.uraUe,.-

*:«>rm';;t 1T;"'7"'^ T f'''^^''^'-'-' --^ f'"0 with which 1

wi -. . . '"^'' *'^"'^*\'""' t-"ni.nt the time of planting, and on

a^ d Pu? ^'"*;" " ' '•' ''^^-'^'-'S;- «" '■" f'""P"- i-n with Peruvian
w /;S'':.''^''^''' '•'•'' '-'^'-'J'':'' '•••«t- The elfeel on the barley

.Tu , w ; ^ '" '•''"/'" ^''^ ''Ttil-icer beyond all question; while
M Wheat, enra and ^r ass. the ditfcrence was seiVe-lv disce, ,a^

^^,m, M,,r( nee whe.af on the .'M d i\ of ( )eto-

I'S of P.riivian

'ler Ih-i . "•»■■» I. M, 111 ,-, wiii-.ii on Ul

p.. I '• tT'""'"' w.is III the lin. Nt Im an "2-0

uana having been plou^.he.l m after falh.wln,^,. but before seed
(f.rJw\a''""'7r''"" '>""""^'k'« •''"'• The last dressing of
5r« iii^.f ''''"^"''^f'''^*' ''r'>'«''<-'««t transversely to the spring
C V- n^;;'*''''''^'';' V'/''^^'^ '^^ ^'"^ Fertilizer, through ti.e
tf'e'niu.e ,r''7' ;■'' '^'^ '\r'-^vian and Patagonian guaim, and
^■nvvh.ch I, , '':» r"" "'"''"' '• ''-n-'Hy the belt of about s.xtj' feet

.Mvwl » ' ••utilizer was used about a year ago.

I'>iid'w,.ni .'*^ """'^ '''^^''' "'" "'« *^"«""' 's l'"t middling; my

tt)' W^eat 1,""^ a '''*? '''"'^f"" •'""'• '''t''''''^''' '^ '« '"irh I rolling,

'"•v^rtheL. "..""'"T'' "'■v^T'^ly from a redundancv of moisture;
"•"d.ittCt.'i ' r''"'"'^"" the part on which the Fertilizer was
M.,/,, ;;,?'' ''^"''^'''.- *'•« '^•■'^'n', '" April, I«.-,I. isn.-t only
rf"ni,i I H ^7• ^'f '' '•<**t*'f '''>'"f' "'"» '8 i" '-v^rv respect more
'l'"il,|p a, . •" ^''*^ wheat on either side of it notwith.st.andin'r the

totheaer,. inti.e furrow, with the usual atleidion Mv cron'fullv

came up 1,1 my .•>,.,,„ ,|,e potatoes u , le lar-Ze .,„/ f .u

P|-r.or .,ua,.t>, and t„e cn-p (ullv one-third greater ti:,.n anv o , y
ne.ghbor.s, whi.se land was much rnher ti an th- p,, , .■ . , i,„„| i

'wh:at''''il'r':^'""" ''•'''•-.McpneeofloM , it, ve put d^w,^
11 Uh...t the inrrow. ein he seen dlH.imt, . .„ e ,l,fcii„ce ofr-
showmu tli.il Ii,,- I . rtli/. r is still acting in tlie ..,,:!

I shall ,1V,. ,1,,. |-,.rr,,i/.,rlhi.s >ear on m; pot;,t.oe,.. bein« fn'iv
sat, Shed tf,.,Mt .stl,i.-,..a;,e.tandbe.«tmannre that I can use , ,,
rial crop >, v-ril ,,( my neighbors intend URim the Ferti 1/. r
this year. ha ve paid urc.l attention to the cultivation o( potatoes
lor the Haliiino.e market tor many yea.s. and irom mv ex per.ene,
of two seasrins with the Fertilizer, can lecommend it w. h confi-
deuce upon that crop ^ ""

I will add that I sold mv pnlatocs at 81,00 per bushel- mv
neighlu.rs sold at fM5e-the difference in pr.ccw. ng t, the diVfVr-
nij-einrpiality Vonrs truly. Fakki.n VoUNO.

13alto. CO., near llariisonville, March l.'i.

•'•rV.nf ^'^^"'"^ '>rjriiano to one of 'the Fertilizer"' Ilnv

• ^H Ml r*firit «•.. ... I

lllll) l,

I'S . ten

'•"rn ground m wheat on which your Fertilizer was u ed

'"neof ,, '".^'""PTison with IVruvian guano and repeated at the
•^"ii'd I b '"^ wheat; the Fertilizer so far holds its own. a
The r-iMiir "'^'^ "' ' ^^'" ^'V'' ynuparticulnrs of the harvest

"iig the wheat; the Fertilizer bo far holds its own. and
""•eia.pr ^"'"^•^'^ ' will give yrMiparticulnrs of the harvest
*»P«rime 111 """"' ^" ^''"*^'' '"^ '"''"^ '■ brought by the foregoing

Kxtract of letter a fron) Or. F, Cuwdlkt?.

CiiKsTKK CouNTV, Pa., May ^.l, 18.-52
On the t?()lh of August, 18.-30. I applied VA) lbs. of your Ferfilizer
on a fourth of an acre (»f po/>r l.wid, that had not been farm, d for
lorty years previf»u8 to the application of the Fertiliz- r I had the
ground ploughed in April and slre\^•ed over it 10 bushels of l.me.
and about the s.ime of ashes and chip dirt fn.m w.»od yard, har-
rowed It well with cultivator, and when I puK.n the Salts | sowed
111 runup Seed. Tiniotl.) and Cloverand hnislud off with a brush
riie crops of Turnips was 70 bushels, that at '2-, c.-nt8 broucht
SI7,.jO and at the r.ate of .«i70 per acre. I.ast summer i l,'-.->|) tim
crop of good hay wa.U.KK) lbs , or at the rate of 21 t. lis per acre
and now ,'M.iy, \^:,Z) the appearnnee of the grass on the same is
far belter than .t was last >ear Many persons have been to see
this small though satisfactory exp-rimcnt, and arc bcconimg con-
viiiced of the benefits of your Fertilizer
Price -8-'J per barre', and containing .lOO lbs

ramphklK containing certificates can be obtained bv nd.lrei.sin«
, , , ,^^^, P.STO^KTONC 'Ai»PFI.|,

ii b^'i.''^ , ,. . II.-) I^>mbard St Hall.mnrc.

, ^\": JT".'''^'^ "' disappointment, farmcjs desirous u( a sui<pIt
for Uieir Fail Crops should order early.

222

ADVEiniSrMENTS.

fO

rronER

EMORY 86 COMPANY^S

RETAii. riari: j.i^T nr iioiisK i'()Wi:i:s, TiiKiisiiiius, ski^aPvAToiis. saw mills,

Ferd Mills, Fanninsr MI'Ib. Atr., Ac, iiutiiufactnr.Ml by llniii
lelvt'B, ai»il ilelivfred (»n Uoaril any (•(iiiv«-y:iii(i'8 at All>iii\, .\ . \' ."
or at uiiy pl.ice in ihe United t-^tatcB. by Dm- ad !i'i n of fn ii^ht :

Emery's ratcut Cliaii«:;eahW- rr)W<T, Thresh, r, Scj.arat. r and
BaiulB cnriiplele, (oT '2 horses,
do do do

Hmery's Improved Wide Raek and Pmii^i, with Tlir.-Hher,
Separator, and Hands for *2 horses.
do do do 1 do

Cotninoii or Wheeler Haek and l*inioi\ Pi)wer, Thresher,
S^cparator, and IJands, for '2 h^rS'-s,
do do do 1 do

If sold separately the fellowiug prices are charged :

mery's C hangeaMe R. R. Horse Power, (ot 2 horses,
do do do do 1 <i«)

Emery's \Vid.« Rack and Pinion Power, for 2 horses,
do tl<» do do 1 do

Common or wheeler Raek and Pnii«)n Power, 2 horses,
do do do do 1 do

ThresluT. with cyliii<ier 2<> inches long, 14i in di ntirt. r,
together w.tli Separator and Fixtnres,

120

120
95

13.-,
110

110
80
90
60
0.3
to

1 ortable Cirenlar .Saw Mill, 21 in<di biw, Idrd and set, for
sawing Kailioad'u'<»o(l. slitting fences, &.c.

Upright or Felloe S.iw \'<t W lit-t lrig!it.«.

Chnriiuig attaclriienl, tor dnviig oac or two olmrns at ;i
lone, of barrel t>ize. except ciiurns,

Sett Hands. Wn nches, ( )il Can and Fxtras,

Cross Cat Saw aiTanti'-nientK lor laUtint; and rnftmg off Idgs,
melnding Saw. guides and eonneetionh tor nnc,

Feed Mill. C:.«=t Iron "lat^-n

SI*

1)

J

Freneh Burr Stone Mill, for f^rnniuig, 1>- inclies diaiiietir

Fauning Mills with pulleys f • r Hand,

?2 I.

2^. 30

0
luO
do do 20 iio m

Power Com Shelier b r 1 ( r 2 horses, 35 to 50

Tkhms — Cash, or approved n<iteK. or neoeptanreg with inKiat
payable witi.m four in 'iillis, m Alliany, N<w \ .>rk, Hoston, Phil
adelphia. or Baltimore, as may best snit the purchaser.

All artic es warranted made of gmnl materials, and to operate M
represented, oi may be returned A'lthin three mojiiiis, at the fi-
pense of manufacturers for Inmie traiisi^orlation, and purchiif-
moiipy refunded— ttie purchaser lieing liis own judge in enrh ca^e
For further particulars see previous advertisement, or addiesi tbt
subscribe'-s. Liberal deduetions to deaicis Loyal Agents wanted
to Kell and put the abt)ve 111 f'l'ciation. I'MFHY A CO

June, lSi2. iKilt <*t 'Mi Hroadw:iy, Albany, NY.

^m i-

-(

-I

Ky-T^

.■./.♦■«

:-1

'■\\

1

Vf*

■ •- ■ -^ m

» • t^ ■ • / s >. •'

r^*'

ORKATTMrKOVrAIKNTiN li^ IMIALIJ*' HAMS.

The snbsenber. dui mg the prist 8ix years of prnetieal experience
in DUtling up llvdraulic llam». has sen tlie neeeKsily oi home iin-
nrovement, and would iiow most respectfully say to the communi-
tv at lap^e ihathc has e(.mpleted some very important Improve-
ments wluch remlers the Kain much more durable— (tliere being
no frielionor wearing of metals ag.iinst metal in any part (.f the
miebine) hIro less i.ible to break .ge- such parts be.ng made of
wrought iron as are liable to break, instead of cast it.ui as usual)
the ure/h<Ml <.f regulating the quantity of water consumed is more
convenient with greater nicetv and no possible danger of getting-^
out of order , and unolhtr new feature is the euameimg or coatm

he inside surface of the Ram with glass, thereby preserving it
from rust, making ii iwith water-proof paint nj)on the outsideial-
mo8t imperishable. 'I'ht se Kanisare warrant.-tl to be more durable
than any itthers made in the Fnited States, without any exceptuiu)

Gat<;lier8 Double Acting Rams, have become very valuatilf ii
raising 8(iriiig or we 1 water, by means of a cree^ These Rami
with suitable Pipes will be put down, (and wan anted for one year
at the b>west possible piiee I'or cash

(iatcliePB Runs will be put up i when pr« frrr^'d a.s usual, by tht
8 diserib' r who !i s tr cteil laige iiiinibrrs .1 tlieiii m v inoiis partin
of the eoniilr ,

As to the ()iniititv ( l" w it«-r elcvafci; by tlie above ram. a rlial-
lenge t"or n t b .'^s than One llnndr.-d Ddllarsis stiil opt ii. l<' aiij
or all of tliosc persons who allr.lgf tliat tlitir rams wi': f':(v;ilea
j;reater am ai!if or per cent of w 'Ur Tin' tint i is that a cfrUn
per cent of water may lie raised by the ram, acc.rdnit; to liU"»'^
'aws of meehuiiies and pliilo.sophy, and he wli" i^r •tenil.'< to ra.K
mo:e ma\ be t-et th)wn as an arrant huiiibiig. aiil inti'iidiiig tad^
eeive the public

Farmers and otiM' s wanting Piams will subserve tlicir nittreR
by examining the altovc I{ iiiis before purchasing e'sewhere (om
niay be s-en "ii praetieal Mp» ration at the store at any tune.)

Pipes of a I kinds furn >hed, an.i contracts for plunihiiig at the
lowest rat«'8 for Casii. A o^^e variety of pumps, with pipes toiuii.
always on hand.

The subscriber would a'so enll the aft-Mition of the pub'ic to«J
artiele of Ijsrhtning Rod. coiistrueled upon the jirmeiples law
down bv Prf)fe8sor Hare, Farady, Dr. Franklin. Lardiur. Ara?o.
W. Snow Ilarr-s. [■ \l S , and other philosophers, who tiavc v^rl^
ten on this subject.

They are cheap. eflTectiveond highly approved of by "|| ^.vv*^
them. Call and examine for yourselves. A. C. '^'^^' , ,'^

:ion Markf-t fit.. Third door above Hh St., N. side, Phiiadeipn*
at Thomas F. Croft's Model Seed Store.

June, 1832.

HKNKY A. DRKKK'S

SEED AND IIORTICULTIJKAI. WAHEIIOUSB,
No. 59, Chesnut 8t., near 3d, Pliiliidolphiii-

Constantly on hand a large and well selected a^fV'^"'''"'!
Garden, Fuld.Gras.s and Gat<hn Seeds, Fruit Tree.^, Orapt Mn-

EoKfS, ^r.
Horticultural Implements in great variety. -^

Catalogues forwarded on post paid applicatioa. (•^P

I

I

ie5? '

ADVERTTSKAIKXTS

•|0 FAK.MKIIS, AGRICULTUUM.s A\l> t. vc

DENKKS.

CUAPPFU/S IMI'ROVED FKKriLI/KR_S„b«l,tute for Uu-ino

T/,f rihucril.er would eall tlic attention of the Farmrm of iVini"

nivani.! t) Die chemieal compound or manure, maimfaetuied bv

„■„,, fa the renovation of " worn-out lands," and known as

'cnAlJ'KI.'s I.MI'KOVKU FKHTILIZKH."

First— That Ht an equal ro«t, frith le%% lahnr u.,.i r ,

»...'. '...!«:",;,',;■: .',;,:,",v;;;; „";;;.:;:",:"■" '"" '"■'■"•"•-•' ^

Neeondly— ||,;,t hix hnn.lre.l pounds / two barrels) of tl.M V -.r
2er, ineoriMirat.,! wm, the ik.iI L,,i, ,, T ' "•'"^ "' l'»e Ferlili
nl ...t - K...... . ' ^". .■"" ^'^'' ^''•" harrow brior.- needing or

h

'(;nAe.-Ki,'s imi-kovku fkhtilizkh." planting is hnier than M, n.nn U , V p '"""•■ "•^•'•'"'K «'r

This article IS composed*,, the Wime materials as arc found bv '*''^ '"'''^'''••r '» '•'•'npcHMl to ad I ol/ ' J ''', ^'';'!''\ \^^ ^"'''

,,ul)».. in the a>h ot plants, it consist, o. a in.xtare m nr ' er "'"* " ''^*"' ''"»'"'« R) Phui. e e « of vv ;"V'.'"" r,"''''^ '"'""'' '■"«
pr..puil.on«) ol ii'.Phosyknte of Lime and Mngnena, (or t!onei / I »^ ^'"' '«'Wc.t rates, to ' '^ ''^'"''' '""" ^""8 t'"K"»"o

' » w 1 1 » , X ,.■ , . — "6..-.0*'*, i(»r nones uis-

».„ve.l 111 sulphuric Acid,) Sulphalts v/ Ammnniu, l\,tn^n Suda
,iKdlA,n-, Animal Charcoal, Si Ucates of I'uta.h, Aiu,n,na umU Mrv'
H,sta. and, as tliese constituents iii-lK ate. is intrn I.mI to restore t(.
tue soil all the inorganic materials at»8traete<l l>v v«MM-filioii it
),.ti tjecn ascertained tliata soil containing a snlhrienl (jn* antitv ol
,,,.«, «.,lt»,i«alwaNH..rtiie; amltlnir ansenee eon«ia,a,s wha
..called -nnrn-out / W." I „o an.iljsis of n.-h «.m1«miows a
g(HKl iiipply, and po<,r land a dtiiciencv .

Tlie inoig onr iniU.r abrttr.ietrd ir.an the Soil by the grovvlh of
.J.rtWent crops is llu- same, varying onl> m propo,i„,n ; ii is llK-re-
f..reevident,tliat it w.- supply t,, ti.e soil a snihrient unantitv of
cacli inuterial Ihns abstract. ■(!, we restole its lertility

Tlie coricetn.SH ol tnc above lias been fully Bu.«,laiiied by the use
..f the Fertthzer, the last season. It has been used on i.u,,r hin.l
and iwnt>-hve I;, iwnty ei^hi biisiH-ls of wheat obtainr.l with'
a •up.r.or erop ot clover. As a top-dressingon wheat, eight bnsl..
diudditioiml >ield has been realized. On Hie spring crops of ,,,rn
.uUaiid clover, the \,,.ht has been d.^iblrd. It )ims Ih-cii used on
li.eBimefiehl (a.saii rxperunei.i with tlie best P.-rnvian (iu.no
lx.thHn corn ami oats, and the > itjd has resulted in lavor of ' the
Ktrtili/er. 1 he most respc.table reference can be lmvcu of its
v.ihie and etiecls on |)oor lands. "

Tins article having been used with surh favor.iblc results the
manuiacturer now (.licrs It to aj^rHniiuristH, witli the full eonh
dnaethatil Will hugely repay lor Uie outlay , and that it is the
cheapest manure they can yge.

Oil very p.Kirland, two barrel to the acre shuuld be applied • .ai
lliat la belter eoiidilion, one and a hail harrels. It is cucuiated ui

at the lowest rates, to

Whilst est of (.00 lbs. fertilizer.

Dilference in favor of fertilizer,

Very respeelluliy, \r.
i" AP

J||i7iO
(>00

SI. 60

C .InM:s

.'::::'t^;:v'''^.:t[;-;;;:-^^ T

I •,;';>,•■ •'—.ow,,:,,, ...''•:;.;,',';:.,':;'':",■":,-

I l^Iy eX|).TIc|ICC nt Its .|s,- nil .•,,r|| i , , | 1,.. V , i I , 'I'' 'lit.

i"y .■..,...,...,„.„.>. n,v,„..... v; ;:';:. ';;:::,;:,,;■;;":„:;;';'';;:.' •

/• .^

/.; , ,, ,. ,, MaI.to Corvrv, Maodi '.'-J I |k-,|

(From Rev f)r JuImih, Heej,

If (

Chrift rliur(di, RaltiiMorc.)
Haj.ti.mojce. Jul) 2, \H:,\.

'v^'i,t>.. M.-ht. Ii,elormeriKnnif,,rnii> goo,l_on the l.-.Uer. a part

..iiig two ,.rre,s, yon supply to ,hc s:n7 sXie,. ..',« Vor;!';:;;;! i^i^ ^:>'.: ^^ma,;;; *r^,:^;';;;^,;'j;, > J^-^V' J''; '--r. a par.

M... Asa^,/.^^..s«n,^o.H-barrelp^fona,terara,ll.^

and. wet, and in all eases near ti.e sur.ace and n-t ploughed ,n, ' — - without the fertilizing a lie ^W' ram ^^.^ "'"

br<ud-ca-t and harrowed when nraeticuble. Th,- An. ,„.,., i... threshed raif ..,.,1 , .*^...i. .. . . "" ''""" '"'" ""' >'l '"cn

br<ud-ca-t and harrowed when practicable. The Am, noma in this
rreiuialion 18 a Sulphate and theretore not volatile as m Guano-
V^t J{i-i hosphates and Su:phates being soluble, the rain diss.dvci
them, and they thus saturate the soil wilJi prepared f.xnJ ready for
tiiciiuuiishnientoi the plant; being rich in Sulphates thev are
pnwerlu! absorbents of Ammonia Irom the atmo.S|)here

One tact peculiar to tins compound m tiiat sun, p.Tti.m as nnv
iiul I.eubsiratted from the s,.il ii,e hrst -r.-p re,„a,,,s ,., llieL-ronnd
until c.Mismned by alter v.-getati<,n ()„e barr.-l .,f Chapi.eil's Im-
prove. 1- ertiiizer containsaH >mn I, Phosphate of Lini^ -.^h is cntaiu-
ed u^,m\u^ Perui'innUunno, therefore, by the applicalion ot two
barrel. (4UU lbs )t.. an acre, the ground is supplied with as much
ph .«pl.ate of .me as if 100 bs. best Peruvian (Vnano had been used,
RikI the V ertilizer is furnished at lers than half the ro^t

We add a few certilicates. We could add „t',ers, but this mode

th eshed out. and conscjuently the abov- opinion rests meieU on
gener.alobservatn.nofthe crop mnnediatelj before harv Vt ,
amsat.sheditwiiln<.tbefound ineorrect I think .v^ryceu^^

ou w.l have .everal orders f.,r the .Salts, fr,m the vic'.mt el
icircu lo. Very respectfully,

Your friend and ob't serv't,

iw I 1 , . . ill..Mt\' V I). loilN-i

Dr. .Johns pnr.d.ased, last fall, thi, ty ba.rels : as he usdu „-

manure I can u.se for that crop cneaptsi

s,Z'';''"'7,L!\":'l::!:f?'.'.'':.".'" •':'';'•■ ''"■'.'^■'"'•■••- -ith.

"»i'r..v.- tlirir iu,i,l«, Lirmtrs, tles,r].,g t„ i^e I, the hinJ «-..b l , „„,l ,.„ » j„ii n.le ; I u.e.1 i.l..,„i I • 1,1,;,

o.;^:;:;!:r;;rK;r",!;:::!;;:;:::;.;;';j;;f,,-;:;:l:f.;';itT'-^

,, ,. , •'^''••*K PitosCKCT Him,. Va April 2't 1^V>

r,...ru I " TA^rZ'^. /-hear Sir :-! suppose I ;.„. im-IH.i. d" b,

Vaurkiadaessior :. c ..-v of ll,c Halliiin.re Sun. ,f in,, M,p.|,

uw'''f ""^'^•'V ^^■'"'^'■^•r of "S'uth l:,ctiMi,,re Ch'emical

*.rK. to you. I .vh -uid have sooner nk ,„ .vvledi-ed \,'iiratten-

l';". iMit wasanx. n.s t , see a further deve!,.pmeMt of ,l,/..;| .efs

'ise,l ,,,r iny p,,,;,toe.s. I he B;,„ie pi. ee of l:,ii,| | I, , \ r , m ,l..wn
111 whe;,f ; ihe liirrowsci I,-, seen dlHlmetly k ui c dibtaiiee ofT—
^howiiiu' tii.a ibr lcrf.il/-r 1^ Hill acting in tile soil

'''."'; "^'" ""■ I'-r'-^/T this year on niv potatoe.s, b, i,:" fudy
satisfied th.if If IS the eh,.:,pest and be^t mant.re that I e,,,, l^,. f,,;
that crop s. veral f)f my neighbors intend usinir the Fertilizer

..l^nurVJr ii ,;.'"'''■' '''■'■' ''''''"'"''^ "' ""• ♦'■'••'•"' ' , ;'^'rai Ol my neip|,|„,rs intend usin« the Fertilizer

a vrr a, '"'."*'. ' ?'""''• ^ "" ""> ^' '•" "'•^ "'^'^ '""'"t ' r \r':, ''"'^ ''="^' ^'^''^ ^.ttentna, tothe cult. vat...,, o( pn,at. e,
Miara,.olourehase.l ih. f,r«r P..,,..... ,.. ..... .. . . i f'-r the Jr.|i,„,ore market for ma,,v vea.s. and in.m my exper.e.iej

i of tw.. se.s..n8 with the Fertilizer, can iee.,mmeii<l it with confi.

j deuce upon that crop

I will ad.l that I 8..1d my potatoes nt 9l,n« per bushel ; my
neighbors ^dd at 9Gc-the difference m price ow.ng t, the difftf-
eiiee in quality. Yours truly. Larkin YoUAO.

liallo. CO., near Flarrisonville, March Vt.

Kxtract of letter n fr 'in Dr. K Chandlkp.

CiiKJiTKU County, Pa., May 2.^. IR-SO
On the 2nih of August. l.a.OO. [ applied |,'0 lbs. of yo„r Ferfilizer
on a fourth ol an acre of poor i.uid, that had iK.t been farm, d for
forty years previous to the application of tiie Fertiliz- r. I had t)ie
ground plonghc.l in April and streued over it 10 bushels of Ijme-'
and about the s.nne of ashes and chip dirt fr..m w..o<| ynrd, har-
rowed It well wiih cultivator, and when I put on the Salts I sowed
111 Turnip .^'eed. Tiirioth) and Cl..v.raiid f.nisind off with a brush
The crops of Turnips was 70 bushels, that at 2'. cents brontjbt
SI7,.'30, and -it the rate of S70 per acre. Fast siiinimr i If-.Ol) thn
crop of go(,d hay wa.? |,I(KJ lbs , or at the rat.- of 21 t- ns per acre
and now ,'May, I^'.'.2) the appcarnnee of the gr^.ss on the same xn
far bett-r than it was last >ear Many persons have been to see
this small, thondisafisf.artory experiment, and arc beconimg con-
voiced of the benefits (»f your Fert.l.zer
Price - 8:? per barrel, and contai.iing .300 lbs

Pamphlets containing certificates can be obtained by nd-Jrensinf
,, , ,„.„ r.STO. KIONC Ai'PFLF.

July 1,18,02 145 Ix.mhnrd St Raliimore.

, ^•."- '^".^vod disnppointmei,l, farrneii desirous of a supply
for their Fall Crops ahould order early.

'i M- 1 t^ . ' . ""^ '':*'' F^''^'"'^----' ('' ^"") w'th which 1

wi,.a nl.r ''''*\'''''''^^

a .d P." ^ ';" " ^ '•' •'^^■"•"Sr- all i.i co.npai i.o., with Peruv.an

w. dead 'n''' ;''''''••■''/■''"•■'' '•""'• '^^'•^ ♦'ff-ecton the barley
^S. 1 whe.;'; i' r' „"/'" ""' ''^^'''^er beyond all question; wh.le
, "^ heat, corn and i-r.ss. the dKference was scarcely disceina-

■at p. '^'"^^'"'r 7"'''^- ''''•^^ >>"-"""t •>" which the b.arlev grew
;'" \!;!', ^v"8 seeded w.ll, Florence wheat on the .'M dav n( Oeto-
riiVn. V. ' ^''*-'P"""<' was m the hnest heart. 2m0 lbs. of 1'- .luian

.ritneh''''''T'''''''''^'''^''' '" ■•"'^"^ r'«l'owIm,, but before sed-
vfZtt '""" 'r'lV ''■"" '•^'>'»"^'<'« ''r"'- The last dressing of
Ki,rV''^"">'f"'^" •'^■»''<'<-'-'«t transversely to the spring
CrU*li.''r'''''' '''■'' V'/'"' '"■'' '^^ ^'"^ Fertilizer, through ti.e

!e . .:,rV r\r''7'o'' "'^ fVruvian and Patago..,:,,, gua.m, and

'n w a hu;: I' '. • "" ''''^'''' "''''^'""'y ^''^' 'x^'^ '"•••">"ut sixtj' feet
Mv wi . •♦•utilizer w.,8 used about a year ago

„;,/..^"-.'^-'"<« "i..^t wheat of the season, 18 !)ut middling; my

th.- \vh,...r C^ r, V "'-^l^' **""• ^'though it IS hiffh and r-dlint
"^v.,th;.|L. o" r' »"V^'rHy from a redundanev of moi.mure
n-dif.i . V'"'''^"" the part on which the Fertil.zer wa

"•"^••itth.- t,

m^'ofs.w.ng the bar'ey, in April, t«.-,l. is not only

vasplon^hed very deep. and. although it is hi-h and r dling,
rthelefs

pSi',!',','! 'n "''^7' ^''f •' '"''^^^ color7a nd ■ is'i'n e ver v respect more
'<' "1)1,. ,\r I , wiM'at on either side of it notwithstand,ng the

•'•r»'«,,f;"''^"'""' *"""«"<■ the Fertilizer. I have a's. ten
"'Hi ••)\vn7" ^'■""'"' '" Wheat (mi which your Fertilizer was u ed
'"n^-nf .nil'^'"!'.''""'^"" ^^'''' ''^'fuvian guano and repeated at the
•'^' I'd I h "f wheat; the Fertilizer so far holds its own. and

The CMi.ob *''*' '^' ^ ^^''" '^'^'' yonparriculnrs of the harvest
*»Perime ,ti a"'"" *" ^''"'^'' '"^ '"'""^ '* brought by the foregoing

|.*rl''"'.

224

ADVERTISEMRNTS.

[OcTOliiP

FARMT:HS! look to YOT R !NTI KL.Sl i

o

H

;^

o

H

o

C>1

This Machino was Patontod Jul}- 2, lSr)0, and has

received tho highest pi'iiiiuiii at all ih^ lv\liihiti<»ns
when* it has ever been citiitestc^l : !ii<*hi<lin'r X<'W
CastU^ County, Delaware, Agricultural Si)ciety, Octo-
ber 9th I8r)(); IMiiladclphia and Delaware County
Agricultural Society, October 17th, 1850; Marvland
State A;:;riculturarS«HMety, October 23d, 1850, and
October 24th, 1851, and ^lirhigan State Agricultural
Society, September 25th, 1S51.

THE ABOVK DIMf.L is n .t liable to get out ..f
re|)air, is excecdsnly simple in its construction, will
sow point rows in all irre<;ular shnpe(i fields, nnil pos-
Bessoss superior advant!\;^es to all others in the ease
and (piickness with whii-h it can Ite re<ridated to sow
any desired ((uantity of drain \\oy Acre, while the
draft up(»n the horses is twenty-five per cent, lighter,
and consequent 1\ wiili tie- same labor, (^an seed one-
fourth more u'l" unij p.'i- .lav than with iimst other
machines now in us '. 'i'hf nbj-rtion <o (•(•imudu to
lM-ill:ii:X Maehines of biM'omin'j; t 'hok i- d il" t he sfcii is
not p<'rt<c; |_v ••l.'aiifcl, is .-utiivlv oli\ iat'(l in the Sim-
ple aiel Peculiar consirurtioji of this Drill, as white

MVKiiS' CllKMDAI. ANLMAL MAXrUK.

Thnt (if offering to fiif pnlii. a Manure wliicli compriS' s n!
thnt could lie wished — its clie.ipiiess and jurprisine^ effects in pro
duciii)» liirger crops iii any kiudof sml — is lasting and enduring
qtiilities.

The suhscriber offers this Manure to the public with a fuH knowl-
edge of its powerful eftects upon ground where used. This JNIn-
nure, must take its precedence above all others; its ailaptioii to nil
kinds of soil, and every parliide of fertilizing properties being
preserved iu the mode of manufacture, render it at once cheaper
than aiiv other manafeusHd for all kinds of crops Its effects are
Wi»iiderful A supply aKvi\s (HI h:ind, W,M. .^I^'1"US,

Seventh Street nenr (ierinaniown Road, lveii8iiigtt>n, IMiila.

READ THE FOLLOWrNR CERTIFICATFS

Gkrmantown. Octobers, 1851.
To Mr. Wm Myers— Sir — Having tried ynur ( hemico-AnimHl
Manure upon potato ground, this season, I find it produce one-third
more and larger potatoes than the best horse manure « n the same
ground. WM. K. Cox.

The following additional certificate just received, speaks for itself.

WoonnuRY, N. J , lOth mo. '2()th, ISol.
I have used upward of l(M)n bushels of Wm. Myek.s' Animal
Manure, on corn, potatoes, turnips, melons, and some other crops
during the present season, and am satisfied that it is an economical
and powerful manure, for turnips, radishes, and other root crops —
my experience has shown it to be especially valuable.

David J. Griscom.

Pprino Field Farm, Cecil County, Md.
Mr. Wm. Myers — Dear Sir— I manured with yonr Chcmico-Ani.

caps and short straw will not interfere in tho loast j
with the re^riihii- 'li-tfilaiti^ai (if the sc.-l. It i.s war- I
ranted to distribute the seed evenlv. to sow anv
(jiianritv per acre comniordy sown ])roa(lcast: to not
cut or break the grains; to !»e well made with g.x)d
materials and durabh* with proper care.

llavino; sold about 400 of the above Drills t ho past
season, all of which met with the unqualified appro-
bation of the purchasers: and .after careful and thor-
ou<rh experiments, which have resulted in Still Oreat-
t I- Improvements, we now feel warranted in raying
that Moore's Patent Seed and (irain Planter improT-
ed, is superior to any other machine for the purpose,
now in the market.

Ilavino; made arrangements to furnish 1000 of the
above Machines for sale the comin<; Season, wesnall
be prepared, at all times, to supply orders without
dolay.

t-^.ii All (inh^rs addressed to tli^ mid'Tsi^nod will
warrant jironipt attfiitinn.

LKi;. PKiiK'K .^ id:i:.

i Aui^nstv, lsr>2. 1 ErcUdoun !\ ( K, Chc^in Co., I'l

mal Maiuire about 38 acres of the poorest land on my farm, «ndpoJ
half in Oats, and tl e balance in Corn. Althoiio|i it wai g"l m
<jnite late, and the Season very unfavorable for the CoriuT"p P"-
eraliy, yet notwif hstanding. I can say that it is decidedly the brtt
Corn I ever raised, although I have farmed for 20 years, ami hin
had good Corn land, and Manured w.-ll, as I thought. in the <'l(Ivwy
While my neighbors' Corn was quite yellow ami leaves cnrlpn op
with the dr(»nglit, mine was green and growing rapidly; ^^'^'"""j
I Cf)nsider it (Mie of the most va'uahle manures I ever uspu. and
shall take pleasure iu recommending it to my neighborsaiid othff*
Yours respectfully, i- *' ' ^ ''

SlPrr'S TITTB, AUGUR AND "ROX KEGUbATOK-

Tlli: subscriber residing in Dillsburg. York county, ''''""'•'''^
nia, has invented a new and improved Augur for the boring "i^" ^^
and setting the boxes of wagon carriage and other vehicle wnee
for which 1 have obtained leters patent. . ,

The Augur will bore both ends of the hub at the same time,
either separately— and is the most useful and important "'vcn'
of the age for inserting wagnn boxcg and the only Machnie m
istence bv which they can be inserted exactly ^""ue— and is»|'P*^
fectly simp e in its construction, and constructed on such ]""
ehanical principles, that it cannot possibly get out of 'TP''^"' j^,

With this Augur a set of boxes can be inserted iiia i«^^vinin
—where under 'the old system it requires hours to perform
same amount t^( work. .,, i^^

Persons wishing to purchase Territory or Shop rights wii P ^^^
address the subscriber, who will sell on terms thnt ^^''' ^c?ni j.;
purchaser t(» make money. IlENB* oil^

Dillsburg, April, 1852— tf

t,./

^^

t / fili .....,• .-V-,

......t'^

"<•-.„>■

v,v

i^rm— — Mil

T II I' I' A !\ ]( ,H) li I( N A L '^^'^'^^•'''•»»^><^»«^>>^>»«^^»<>i-5^>« *<%*.!.

I li ^vi!l b- seen that th^ wiHc" of pnhli-'if i ui mT t lie

A. .M. hPAM;L!:il. Kditor. r-inn^.h.umal In- i, .•-, -h-i n , ■ 1. aal !!.a' f.r th^fu-

_ tero, it will hi- 1 .r,.',. 1 ^' W,.,t ('h-.-^t-T. A varidv

.\p^ents. of iieliici'iji .■n; ^ h i;c Ici to Uii^ dian j;-, promiii eiit

The Farm Joirnal may bj had at the following am^m.^-^t whieli, are, assurance.^ of iticr,.'ased stren^tli

pliices: —

\V. 15, '/av.v.fai, S .Lith od .'^L., piiiic![)al a;:;cnt for
Philadelphia.

lianeastfT. iVi.
Oolumbia, Pa.
Ilarrisbur;::;, Pa.
J^ittsbur;^, Pa.
(Jhamljersbur<^, Pa.
Carb^l". Pa.
Y.,rk Pa.
\V.\i. l)uMKR, uf Alt'H,na. I'hiir <'.)unty, is o"ir au
tlu>rized a^ent lor liiair and (' airr- bounties.
A. K. BiiAnv, Cumb^^rland and P.rry ('ounties.
S. Prcstox, Kennet S'piare, for Chester and l)(da- |
ware Countie?!.
Jonathan 1>mk'.v.\ut. I, iin-i-t. t <^'ounty
And of r»H,kvi Hers ireiea-allv.

\V. II. SPAN^il-ER,
B. F. Sl'ANdl-ER,

(ho. Beruxer,
II. Miner,

J. 11. SURVOCK,
U. M. IIVWMNS,

\ . I.. W \i;fii-i.t>.

ia otip Kditoriab a-^ well ri-j in in <Mir contributor'^ do-
parriM M^. \\'\\ il it w.i,lir.-t proposeilto fciM'.h fh

1 .

inn -1 Hiriiil. ir wa^ nn-er contcinplat -d that t!e)
pr.Mont editor should be connected with it editorially,
t > \ ;;roatf)r extent than attention to the business d(»-
pirtment w )uld rcpiirr*. Circum-ttances however,
d vnande 1 a now aTan2;em'nt'. Trnm-'deit'dy iif'ter
t'l 1 State I'.iir ai ll.irri>d)ur_' la^' la!!, Prol'eH.ioi- Ilal-
d ' n Tl, who un t) that tini hi I disvlia.-^ed tin; du-
tio.'i of Kditor in chief, was called to (m" "fth'^ S aitli-
ern States, wln;re he r.jinained until duly of tlie prov
ent year. His absr»nce and the j^reat distaneo ]to-
t\veen his plaf> of residence an 1 Mio olfi ;<» of publi-
c ition, at onco deprived u< «d" his \aliiiMe S''rv!ef^<^.

l!;> naiii'' ha- CMHtimi'd at I'l ■ li a 1 nf lan- eduinii.i

.\(;r:\T.*5 I^'OH Tlll-i .IOI^KNAI-, ' under the hop"" liia^ le' wailfi r.aun, ;^i|,l jr-,ino' tl;e
"Wp ar.' d.'MiN.us of s :Mairin'4(»ii<^'>r more <M,rnpetrait : f^ ''t'^i'-^^'il'- In tli- nvao tiiiv. ii -ity (N^iip.dled

' I

a'-ont^ in -vrv eounU" in Peini^vh ania. to eanvass ' "^ ' v<"ry nn\vi'lin_'lv t i r i!:- t'l- .n'ir:' e!i ,ru'.> of th"

for the rirni .Jmn-it'iL Our terms are liberal, and
wc are a--':red bv w.'ll-informod fri'nels in evei-y p«>r-
tlon of the State, that eeni[.of.Mit :ind !i -^ixe a-^-nta
could not fiiil to succeed wtdl. We, thcridore in\iLe

in _'h," t I r If! I' t hi' '^n' in' cfi ii-"-.
•' » irnai. a!il l":" t'l ; la^t t'.'- I;-' inMiitln it. Ini'^ lieeri
n!id"r my e lit ana! control only. It i-. tIe,T<dore duii
]*r d. llaldoman to state, that whatovr inaylmve
be II til'' faults of the Journal durlji;^ that time, ho

persons desirous of takinj;; a.i^eneies to address us | is not responsible for them.

{postpaid) on the subjec^t : furnishini!; n^ with -ati.«-
factory reference, and '-Malin'j- in ^vhat part' ailar
county they are desirous of canvassinf^.

Til" rapid iiierease of our '-ubsin-iption list, and

the consptpumtly multiplii'd bn-:n<'^ - r-lntions (d tle^

ofice, have compelled me to secure a<Iditional as.si«-

t'lnce, which •• ail 1 be done profitably, only }>y chanp;-

^) prevent mistakes in een-"''M"''Oce of the chancre ! . .. . * *i " .^i i ^i

I ii.>i III im uvK ^ in V, \ , jj ^]j^ placn of public'ition. Ami now that tli^

--iced m the f.dlowmj'aitich'S, communications, ad- 1 ,^ / , ,,/.,, • • . , .

vortisements an.l letters to the Editor, will ],e ad- chann^e has been inade, the f)nd hope is mdul-ed

T

noticed

that with increased strength in tlie several editorial
dcparfninits, and a^^ nirn7e''''S tli.at n 1.irjx"i- nnmi.'r
of able c )ntributors, will I n 1 tli ir valuable aid t<>

dressed post paid t'« th

^'Editor <if til • Farm JMnrnal.

West Chester, Pa."

And all letters on business of tho Journal. Hubscrip- , t , •,. ,

tions and money transactions, will be addressed post | our columns, the Journal will bo a more welcome
paid to visitor than over to our m iny readers.

**Bowcn, Meredith Sc Co.,

West Chester, Pa.'

A. M. Si'.VN'.LKU.

22G

lODlTORIAL.

X

OVEMiif.R

Tho second jinnuul Exlii))ltijn of the State A;;rieul-
tural Soeioty, took placM* as announced, on tlc^ 2l)t!i,
2lHt, and -'2 I ult., and may l>e considered as eninent-
ly Buecessful. Full reports of the several Oommlt-
(■oes will be found in our columns. The niunlK»r of
visiters was estimated at from 50, to 00,0(10, and the
amount of money received for memhership and ad-
missio n, was over ?0,0O0. The amount received las
year at llarrisburp;, was about 4,500. The (pT^^tinn
as to the prosperous continuance of the State Society,
and th(i annual recurrence of the State Fairs, lu ly
now be considered as settled. Al'h r all . ypi n^.s arc
paid, there must be a li'',.;'- -ur;i!ii - r^ in linm i; t'l ]»c
appropriated i - a lar^^ increase «'{' ili ■ iniminT and
amount of premiums, by anotlwr season, and .■.\t<ind-
ing the field of competition. Wiili the f-itire ^access,
both north and south of us, ot these Stat" l'.iir<. and
witli the interest recently uiinifested at L measter,
the projectors of the State Society may congratulate
themselves on what they have already accompli-licd
and on the prospects for the future. AVe have in
Pennsylvania the material for making our exliibitions
equal to any in the Union. It only we.ntM drrrjnp--
menf. Meagre as the recent one was in several de-
partments, we yet regard it fully satisfactory as a tri-
al of strength, and showing what may be done here-
after. Some of our counties showed the ojreat pro-
gress already made in an Improved and enligliieu'-d
system of farming, others in an e.jn il degree, show-
ed the tr((«^ of improvement in liieir stock, imple-
ments, and productions. It is almost incredible, the
distance between these two extremes, even in I*i nn
By Ivan i a.

AVe have not Fpaco to particularize many of the con-
tributions well worthy i-f imtirc; Imt mw-t ret', r !<»
the ofhcial r-'j^rt^. In n^'at caMir. we were -rreatly

ceived the first premium. The display (,f Hheen
though not large, was good. The i>ure Southdown'
and Cotswolds of Messrs. Worth, Clen)ent, \hx^
('adwala<ler and II(^rr, wen; deservedly admired
The swine, also, had but few repres(Mi tativea and
mostly frv)m a distance. A very little exertion In
Lancaster county would have brought out a fino
display i:i this d'-pirtment, and there was no
excuse for th«» deficiency. Professor Wilkinson of
Mount Airy, exhibited his celebrated Duchess sow
*'0M Piuk," who carried off the prize, as sho h;w
done in several wMer States. We should have nicn-
ti"n" 1 in ]>'i • ■, tinr liiere Avn-r .^n tl: ■ grounds f-w

:\\\ \ a \ I'rv l''U' i^e'i-l A vi
M']\-<. ii. II. Twa'liil''. ol

airi'^-,

AM

'•'■n"v< ;in,| ]),,.

•liila^l-Ijihia, had s()in«

\''vy iiii • AMern'y hfifi'r-, and tlicif w ■; ,. ;il^()^jj ypj._
file' boll (if i!ii-> l)reod exhii)it .1 by .\ ir -n ri-oinent.
I'll • Horse-; were in e()n->i'l' ra' >!'■ laimber, but cliieflT
!'-r (1; an;;!it. fnrthr (!xcellence (.1 Nvhich the cuuntrvi,'?
somewhat ceK'brated. The most extensive dipnlay
of live stock was that of the poult r}-. The number
was not only large, but they were very fine. Then
were Shanghai and <',,,!, in Thina, white and speck-
led Dorkings, (ianie Fowls, Hantums, < hittac-on'^
lir ne n and <'hina (i eese, Muscovy and other Ducb.
Golden I'lie i>ani>,l'aney I'lge 'ns,&e.,airordingan ex-
cellent opportunity of com]>arison. Some sales wor«
ma<le at high prices.

The show of ininh^ments was large and excellent,
and inelnded 8om<' \'^ f>v 1 J wheat drills, various p.u
teiai^ of hiy. >ii-i\v, an I {'udd-'r cutters, horse pow-
ers, grain fans, sausage (-utters, cultivators, a greai
variety of ]doughs, combining some important im-
provemciiis, and corn shellers, one of these latter, a
recently patented innrhine, epme on the ground too
late for competition, hot was ratle;- i!ov<d in COD-
struetiMii, andint'aidel to lie worked liv a on-' linrse
powor. Tie' owni'r infornii'd n< it had ^dlellod and
was \varrant '<! to .shell Si i bn-hfis if eoiai |m r }i"Ur.

d isapnoin'i'd. I'nt very few v.iro on th" ground, not
80 n\tuiv a^ at sonio (d" the eonnty e.\liibitions, and I \Ve ho|M'ioha\e an en^l■aving and (h'serijiti'-n for
had it not been for I'liihuhdijdia and Chester counties, ' anotlier number of iho diananil. The corn i> ini'^n-
who forwarded some of their best stock, this depart- de^l to bi- thrown into a hop]; a- liv a ^h'lvc'i "r wffol-
ment would have been a bnidesque. < M" o\(ai and fat harrow load at a, lini". instead oi .a -in:,!-' ear urtwo.
cattle, Lancaster county, large, populous, and fr- i as is the common m thol. fu case of a smlden rise
tile as she is, contributed tTO yoke, and one fat steer, in grain, as was the case a fe»w years ago, when u
As an exception to this indifference on l!iepart nf jicr w.a^ wanod f()r export, sneh a maiddne would }i:iv«
farmers, we would redcr to l.saar bandis, who show-
ed six excellent Durham Steers ol large si/e. and 11.
Mclntyrc several fine animals of this breed. His
bull and cow both evinced high breeding, and had
«omo good points. Gen. Cadwalader, of Philadel-
phia county,however,carried offtheialm in Ihirlnims,
having over twenty head, several of them imported
and of great beauty, and comprising some of the
best blood now in the country; a very fine cow of
this breed was also exhibited by Samuel Cooper,
of Philadelphia county. Jas. Gowen^s superior Dur-
ham Bull, "Rockland" wivsalso on the ground, and re-

(piit<* an effect on the market, and would hr vr}" val-
uable. W'eshonld like to !.artieula!-i/.'' ninny other

r

implement-, but are coLi]"'ll"d to be short lor \van»
of space.

In the other departments of the exhibition, flow-
ers, fruit, vegetables, dairy i^roducts, articles ofdo-
mestie manufacture and line arts, samples of ff^^-
&c., there were very great didiciencies as to num-
ber, and inexcusably so. We cannot account for
this except that the premiums to be awarded wer«
not considered sufficient to pay for damage, trouble
and expense of a long journey. Wo saw one fir»^

!,«'.'> 1

FDmirviAL.

00*

,,f butter which had Imm^u detaiue^l on the road, and
arrived too late. It was from SusjpKdiauna county,
and tli'^ aetual cost of transportitlou was over $8,
mere than the highest ppMuium offered Ibr less than
tMi firkins. So far, mu;di commendable public s[)ir.
it has h^en evinced from all sections of the Slate, in
l»rlngii»g o'l coutriliutions to both tin fairs, more for
t!ie credit of th ? Stat:\ and to sustain the great en-
frpri/zN than for any prospect of remuneration,

times in various parts of the State, s., as to ex-
citj a general interest, it would not be best to j.erma-
nently establish it at some one location. Much may
be said on b(dh sides of the question. There is no
doubt tluit the accommodations (an be rendered
much mc.re complete, and at much less annual ex-
pense, if one suitabh> place was selected and retain-
•d for this purpo.s... AVe h.ok forward befbre lonn-

o tin; establishment by the State Legislature (d* a
Hereafter, we hope the means of th- Society will' m<d.d and experimental farn, urehr the amoices
allewof givatiy augmenting the numb t and amount ,f the State society. The absolute necessitN f, ]■ tl.js
„r prehruuu^, so as to a;v,ro\-ini .i- fho-. i-, .eh.T it, d the absolute duty of !].,■ I,"gishitiir.' o, .o.-mt ,,

■!.;•

M Ol

I M e : a I ■

ifi 'eijcr
Stall's, liberal p!-"m;nni> w ill b:'!MT''il oar tr'n"'!!

;indt<tiniidate coinp-t itaai. !,i r. •-;.-, a to iji,- arrange- j tiyjustice t > t'i>' l^"'' f pnr^ait of tli • u.- ,p!,. ,• ini ,,t be
nrnts, we have a f'w u ..•Is to say. Smi' vry d-.'- ' 1 .iv; d<'ferrcd. I; - , tli.. \i,'iii!tv o! il- ),;.„!.
cided iuiprovem Mits, an 1 ,a ! i'rional aeeoni a . la'' n^ would he th • plae- l.r tli.. State exhit.i;l,,)i

1 an

fjr centribut ars were ma ! • o\i'r those a: 11 in i.^aurg, , Una other matter struck ns, nii-lit |...

liro\ ide(I

as

which gav(^ great satisfa^'tion : partieulirly th-tran-- ' pa-f of the arr.mgera air-- .i.. ,;,..,. i.uv<, -.uvi with
pjrtation o( articles to an I from the grounds at the v-ry great advantage. A series of lectures, addres.s-
c^jpMise of the S jciety. T'lis very difficult d:i' v was ' es, or meetings, each evening on -uhjccts of interest
dev(dved on Sa 'riff II nimiii, who performed it in to the tliausands of farmers cfdlected from all parts
♦hf?b»n manner, so as to aeeomm) late nl' v very | of the State. Many mattors of ^rreat importance
large p artion of the stock, &c., arrlvin'^' at Lancaster ' might be treated .if and elucidated at such tini s,
at tlR' sam; time, occasioned soni- liarry and d(day, ; which wtjuld make the.se animal gatlle^in.^> \\\r,a
hut we heard of no accideuts, cither going to or re- 1 they really ought to be, and to a -r-it exnaii are
laming fi-om the ground-'. The canal c;)mmission- , places of instruction and improvement, and affbrdiu"-
ers arc al^o entitled to the thanks of the Society for , material for thought and reflection aft.-rwards. At
tin accommodations they rcntlere 1 on the road, and the late fair in \ew York, on one evening there was
in the arrival and <leparture of the cars. j a meeting of l*om(dogists, whose discussions hrou-ht

As regards the arrangem'mts on the ground, new ' out a list of Pears adapted f)r the <piince, and em-
as <uch immense gatherings are in our State, it could bodie(l m i h practical and val lable experience.
hardly be expected that they should be entirely com- : An 1 ree-utly al Lancaster, Fet(a- A L; >,\m,,,i pjiil-
plete, and free from all objection. Some discrepan- adelphia, was prepared to giv»; a lecture on woid, to
ciijs occurred in the classification of artieles for the which he has devoted much attention and < mpiiry
appropriate committees, some of the unenumerated j formally years, and is prepared t: d- ne n f rate sonn;
articles were overlooked, but wliatever confusion an 1 ; fft^-ts as to the capacity of c<;rtain rtions n| ,,ur
mistakes occurred, w,> thou-ht .--nl 1 wry r-eidily .-Miniryla- it.gro.vtl,. Hi- (ii -|da\ .d ovn- lu rlvc

havebi-en obvi It 'd or rom .v.'d. hy th - pi'e.. n d' a huielr-d -p^inen- fr^on all }»ar(s .d th- world, at-

M ir-lial an Mh^ ai l-;. di^t in iui^l; - 1 by appropriate : tract .d mn.;i adnurati. ai. lli- lortur- wa>- however
badges, wli. miglithave b.-ai on lujrsefia-k. and liad defeated by all tie- Miitald- r^miK having bc<n pre-
tlu! general superint aek-nce. >f'Mnber-^ of th'' differ- engaged. Such iu(rliufii./l anm^'an^aits as Olc jhill
ont committets were constantly aopealedtoby Mran- tie- Fi Ml-r, th-' h;fatit I >runirn.T. thr*'" aiel a half
gers or contributors for information, about which they i years old, (probably eighteen,] and plavimi-over one
knew nothing. Neither the offijers of the society, j hundred notes, and the fat girl, weighin(r five hnn-
nor executive cmimittee could be distinguished from \ drcd and twelve pounds, seenuMl to be in the ascen-
the crowd d'iie only bad'jres were those of th" dudg- i dancy. and attraetcaf -mwd-d f\--^. prf.ips because
es and Police. In tiie Fi or.il li ill an 1 Trnt appro-
pfiatn a lj Fancy articles, much damage was dane,
.'ind irreparably to many articles, by the dimt. This
might have been prevented by th(^ ground either be-
ing floored over, or slightly watered every morning;
indeed a water cart over the whole grounds before
the influx of visitors, would liave be-^n a good thing.

On the whole the FxhibiLiou passed off well and
^ith th" experience of two years, it may fairly be
'•nticipated that th? next annual display will surpass
the two first. A difference ot opinion exists wheth-
^ after having located tlje State exhibition, for a few

these ulIivT attraeiions W(a'e wanting.

PO>i()r()f:v.

We hope, in future numheTS of the dournal,
to devote m;)re space to this department, than
it has liitherto received; and as a commcncene nt,
our readers will he I in anotln^r c<dun.n, fia- the
first time, the list of Iriits a loptcd ("t general cul-
tivation by the American Fanologcal Society, at
its first session in New York. We also give in
the present number, engravings of two of our na-
tive fruits, of the highest excellence, for drawings

I

ft.

•.<-l5(»;

228

KDITOKTAT.

XoNFM

nn,

and description of which, w*; Jiic in(l»3htod to our
friends — David Town.«ond and l>r. J. K. K.^hchnan

T«) Correspondents,
All coininunications having; rofcreneo to tho F-
of this county. In our next iiiiin))i?r, wo shall also^ | Journal, must f)r th(? future he addressed *'fo fh A'/
givo the result of th:» I'oniolorrioal discjussion at it>^ \Ui)r of t!i- Funti Jinini'il/* J^f.st Ckrstrr, p,] t'i
recent meetin;r in Philadelphia. Avhich will ^rive some ro8i<hMic » of th(^ editor, A. .M. Spaui,d<T, is still'''
addition to the f)rmor list, ^or th'^ information of Uncast-r, vvh-ro thos- havinj^ p.-iv it.^^tJino., ^vi^'"
soma of our readers, w; may montion, thathy tliede- j him, are rcpiested to direet'tlieir eummuni, -itii 'n,
cision of the Con;rross, all fruits are divide.l into , Bu.inoss c )mmunieations relatin- to the finmrM

three classes, desi;;nat'}d hy the t >rm^, "j^iood, very
;j;o!)d, best." A fruit not comiuj; uud t either of
these, is re;5arded as unw )rthy of cultivatioM; wliile
the adopted listconta'iM n )thin^ iin .v >'•; 'ly of .-ilri-
ration, anywhere, s > 1 v \\< a^en't.rn • I. a i 1 1- \v"ll
d3servin^ th ^ attention of I'niit (!iM\V('r>. 1' i-; n>
less true, that ther-- ;U'(> hmmv mT nwv \\\\'\\<' \'v\\\\<.
which have been /^ro/vj^^to be hi;j;hly vil lalJ ■ in IVini.
sylvania as regarih flavor, productiveness an 1 Mrlif]-
good qualities, which \s\T.> n >t pla'--' 1 on iliis li>t, our IVi
but onlyreccoramendodfortrial. A>!ia-I» -n w-l! re-
marked byone of our correspon 1 Mits, th(U'e <tre |)ci>p1c

in this State'^who can distin^^uish a ;; > > 1 fruit (V uii a of t'l -Ir n"i;4hl);)rhood.s, a
persimmon. '^ There is no doubt of this fact, and,
althoui;h our P^astern friend-, ni ly !)• uMwiUlnj; to
have recommended for general cultivation !»y the (^)n-
gress, till th'^n fruit'^d th-^m some years hence, such
choice varieties, as the Jefferls, and Smokehouse Ap-
ples; Dillcr,Brandywine, amiOH Pears,&c. )fvi have
no hesitati«)n in uri^ing these at once, as exactly
suitable to our section of the Unici. There can be
no difl'erence ul' opinion as to tlcir -up 'lioi- ij'ual.ty,
and if the lists of the Congress arc to be ^if m

concerns of the paper, must be ad.lressed post pii,]
to Bowen, M^rclith k <'o., West (-hester, Pa.

AVe sliail !.■• much o))ligc«I if onr corrospondcntiJ
will f>rv/'ir<l tli'ir contribution- fc- \\\ ^ n<>xt Xo nf
tl)t' i''arni .Journal Inini Mliat"ly. Th" ([■■lav in tli"
present issu" may, al-o, pr 'vcnt tlic issue o!' t!, . ,, .;^,
nu)nl».'r -'x i.-tly on th ' Nt prox.. Icit !• i> rlic jnton-
ti"ii <»r t!i ' piN^-^ Mit puMi-!i"i-- to !> ' mm-'' iiunrtail in
ill! > respect tlian ha- hitherto b^ui the case. A\r li,,|,f.
•icnls in all p a:-' ^ o!" tic counfw, will ^'ive us
th'ur ;issistaii • ■ in wi-i'in;.r on' for tli^ .iourn.ii such
result- oftlci:- ..wn c\-MT;ence an 1 practice, or that

V iiavo lal'jai under
their observation. Agriculture, in its cumprehen-
sive sense, embraces a wid.> field of iiivcstii^jitlnn and
exp"rim''iit. lu 011.3 or m tc ot' its \aric'l <l''partnicnt5
it Would S'.'cni occasionally to come within tln' ran;r^
of thought, and attraet the attention of all classes of
the community. The citizen, confiued to his small
gra-^s plot, and his narrow flowor border, his ^rape
viu'' tl•olI;■^ au'l [t'^rli ip-; hi- t \", > ( u" three shade trees.
a- w ■!! a- the practical firnier with lii-^ broad acres.
From one and all, the scientific, no less than the prac-

fluence in determiniu'^ the choice of varieties,it is right | tical experimenter, we invite contributions and aid.

that we should avail ourselves,in addition, of surh

of our own seedlings as have been prov.d and tried.

here. (!)limate and soil have much inllu'Micc on fruit,

and m inv xari'dies of fine (juality in '^ tme ^c.-tioir-;.

are indilfercnt elsewhere. It'tli' dfdfcri^ apple Inul

nri'^inatcd in New KiiL^hni 1, it would bv this time

have hid a worM wide reputation. We c ui-id^r it

second to no other apjtlc kn-wn.

Tlr> importance of brin'jin-.; b 'fore f!ie public our

Pennsylvania seedling fruit-, wliich w' bdiinc

arc fully cfpial to any now known in ;!ie Tni-n. has

been for some time past, felt to be a great di-sidera

t Mnak(; th ! only strictly a_Ti''Uitu'-al paper in the
Stat(\ what it nughf to be.

S'veral comm inications, crow»led out by the State
i'i.vhibllion ri'p )ri<, -hall app'car in our next.

lyabel"* for l-'ruit Trees.

Wc have found the follovviui; rt\'eipt.tak''n {\''^\\\ ;in
Hii^lish woidv,to make an indelible Ink, for wiitiii,^'
on Zin •. an 1 one n(»t affected by th ■ w'a'ha': Cut
ip the comai m sh > -t /."nc Into sti-ip- ab^ur !i lit inidi
wi<le bv 2 or 3 inches lon<r, and ^^•rif•■ with a t[uill
pen. The zinc should previously be made bright.
turn, and we arc pleased to be able to say that at the ! Throuich a hole at one end introduce a thin copper
recent State Fair, a meeting of Pomolo-i-t^ f-r \ari- wir-. Ion- enouirh to ••neir.de a braneh or \nn\K .md
ous sections of the State, waUi-ld in the Floral Hall, it will r-main fo-ye,'-.. ^i\ing to th- own. r of a
at which it was determined to cstabli-h a Sta^- Pom- icwly planted orchard the satisfaction of knowing.
ological Society. The first meoting, .d' which notice , at all tin. -. hi. varieties. Care in respect to labcd^
will appear in'our next number, to be held the com ' wmld obviate much of the confusion in all parts 0
in^ winter at Ilarrisburg, at the same time as the | the country, as to correct nomenclature. " Take
St"ate Agricultural Society. i drachm of Verdegris, I drachm -al annnoma powder

Wo shall be pleased to receive from any of our and lialt a dra-hm of Lamp P>laek, and mix vrii
readers, specimens of such fine seedlings as may be ^ b ' drach us of water." Shake before using,
found in their neighborhoods to be engraved for the | ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ obli^dTf the Secretaries of the differ-

Farm Journal. | ent County AgricuUural Socicties.or some of our oth-

The processes of the manufacture of Butter and , ^^^, ^^^j^^j ^^.^x\ forward us accounts of the diffcront
Cheese, of some of the contributors in this depart 1 ,.,..' , v ,•

ment, at the late State Fair, shall appear in our next. \ exhibitions for pubUcation.

18.V2.1

PIUTOIITAL.

229

m Huroduclng as a new i.-.uurc nuo the Farm , times, and the rapid increase in their number, and
.I.,urnal, monthly notices ol the busmess oporations ^ extent of circulation, is evidence of this fact beim^
of the Flow.-r and \ «*gotable (Jardcn, Fruit On hard, ' appreciated. "^

and, perhap*^. in future numbers, (d' the Farm, we ' -

mav remark that the reconnnendations will be con- i yy Calyst«-ia !»ubrsr<„s.

,l,„sedfn.m practical observation an.l experience of ^ . .V'" '"'"*' "'^ ^' '"•'V'";.' «'""'>' «^r(.ug suspieions that

kinds \\V\<i b* phliltc 1 an 1 :• itli

'!■' tin I .

V \>\'')\)'^T

a! I'iur

)\ i M'

SelS Ml. .»; I'i U !■'• - m l--t t» ' a j >p|;ei;, 1 ., . A u;

atilicipated by tini dy pi'c[)ara!l ,n. F\ (•■••/ we ■!<, and

and hahit,t!Xce[)L tii- dou))Ie blus.smn,i!cat (!xceedin-ly
great p<3st of F/.glish farmers, and h. :v. \d,(Ue\ . ; it is
known. Ill- ('(Civob.uiu-^ .Vrven.sis. \V,ha\e In 1 -ur

, , . o'^^'u troiiidcs wi'li t'lN, and r,ii; • ■■ •

,i!ni)st everv «lav, lias its p"euliar duties to be per- i.,- ,.,,,. .,.♦ 11 • 1

*. . ' ' 'O iep"at(il hoe;ng>, and (mu i 1
firmed at a certain t an \ ,r n>f a* ai!: and on wliieh ' ,._,f ...,:. .

•iujcess or failur;i de[)cnd>. W'iiat is som iim ■> call

ed ^^'KmI luck, in obta ii,ii •; an (^xtra crop, nsiring a

line aniiu;il, exhibiting cludce siieeinrms of fiuelv fla-

vored fruit, <(\'., is nothing more than tlie ti, !}<•!{( at

tontion, to olten very .'^niall matters, and the erdight-

'•ned praclic<;, which sci(uice applied ti^ agriculture.

'' est nuisances to he m • w ith. I-

liai'MI V ext laiate It

■ it (►ne (d' tie' greal-
\ 'TV pi(»fe of root,

however sm ill, - •.•-!- t . m ac- a jilanl, irom its joint.
and from our observation (d' tlie Calystcgia, it ])roM-
agates (pilte aseasilv, and w,' fear will bias dlllijult
togetndof. Wr' liave known of a sin'de strou"
plant, h'ftunr over winter, to tlirow up at least ofM)
fine young plants th ; nc^xt season, without any^?o

has hr)ught about. 1 *• man v of our readers.of course, i- -, ,• . ,

\, , 1 • . -M " 1 . • , . li'-itation or slnnuhi-c. I licre is a dillerence of

tiiese monthly holt- whI merely serve to remind tlieni • • , , . .

c ^ ^ \ I 1 .. opinion wiiether It is pretty, and t » those who think

of work to be perlormed m proper course, witnout, ,, , , . .

. . . ' ..... «<>» we would reommeud only to irrow it in a lar;:e

perhaps, giving any new suggestions. Our aim will
ho to give simple pnictical details, rather tlian spec-
ulation, often both useless and expere^ive. We ^hall,
however, hope to keep the readers of the Farin b.ur-
nal fully ])osted up with respect to all the improve-
ments and discoveries, with which the Progress of

ly 10 gi

pot, or a box, atid wlieti they berome tired of it, by
no means to empty tin; contents on to the border,
but remove, tiuaaearidully to a vacant spot, and sur-
round it with a larg- <piantlty of dry busji. Tlie
brash shouhl be qnid dri/. The application of a Lu

., i • fii 11-11.? ^^^^'^ Mat<di, ami a wisp of strav;, will soon remove

the age, and scientinc research has illustrated, opera- 1 ,, , ^ .,,..»,

. ,, ., 1 ,, ,, , , r. , all danger troin (.alystegia Pubesceus, the "charm-

tions in the soil, no less than other brandies of indus- . ,,. . ,,,. , * ,,

. 1. . , ; iiig t.nnese Climber. '

try. iNcience applied to agi-iculture,is no longiu* mere

Serap(5 the loose bark off ol 1 trees, ;iiid anjd' t.
trunk and forks of limb<, wl;n a wdiit > wasli icu-!i,
sole so;ip and lye, in '■ pial parts. 'I'liis w ill d -Jr^v

visi(mary speculation. Slie can point to res-nils-. Men

may stdl phurj-h and sow and rc;in. an ! pe;-!iaTi>; in

the saiin' ^ivl.- a« was done f'^ome centuries au,o, but

they will fall behin 1 their fellow^, an-l he hd't alom; •*• 1 r • 1 1 1

•^ ^ '^ '^^'' any [)arasit!cal rungi, and break 111- !!. \\ lilt r (|inii

hy the stdl progressive mareh id ininr iveinent and ,' ters of insects. The bark (d trees liius treated, Ije-
discovery, unl'\ss thev are wlHin'»" to read, examine <""'ii«'* smooth and pliable, jind we hav(? known great-

iind lio o<.r., •;,.... 1 \ .• n 11 • ^ 1 ly increas(vl lu-odijctivenpss to follow. Si)ad(Mn a-

«ina f)e con\inced. Agricultural chemistry has open- ' "^ , ,, ' n »^ • r.i, • '.

, , '^ -^ ' 1 round the roots, w«dl njtted niiinure. ihis i.s (^spcci-

••a to the farmer a knowdedge of the secret infiuoneos ^^1]^- nc.a.'ssary for Dwarf Fear Tr.-es. Apply leach -
which affect his daily operati(ms, — that his cro[»s must ed ashes freely ov»'r the .surface. J*Iant (»ut (Joose-
ha adapted to the nature of the elements contained in \ '"'^O' '^»''^ Onrrant busln-s, liaspberries and IJlack-

hl<< *!n;i <^n o ^»^,^.:«^ r 1 r 1 r *i • 4 i berries. Dress up and weed out old Strawbe'rrv b''ds.

ais sou, or a specinc food supplied for the occasion. A- , , , , ' , • , , .,1 * ,

. ^ ^ ' I and inulcn two or three inches deeji witli spent tan.

nalyscshavebeenmadebycompetentchemlstsofalmost I oi- h^.aves from the v,'oods. Young orchards ii...y b(j
'•very kind of crops. Xew mi nures have been and are planted out this month. S(dect, if Dossible, hi;;h

'^eino; hrought to light. New principles have been ' S!!^^''"'^' '''''^^l northern exp.Ksure.s; a pryc e<ling cn.p
«nni;,wi 1 ^ , ^ , ^ . I ^u potatocs IS a good prtiparation (d the s(jil lor

^Ppiiul, and new modes of culture, new plants, fruits, I ^.J^^,^ j,,.,. ._ j^^.^ ^j,,, jj^^^.f ' ^cp hr, to enclo.se with a

And vegetahh^s in our own and foreign countries have 1 substantial fence, the ground re<piired for tii(? orchard,
l^oen discover(.'d; highly improved and simplified mi- ' f^^'^ then procure one of Powningks, Tlmma.s', or

'diinerv lioa lw.^» • ^ i 1 n i-i ^ Inirrv's Fruit Books, for directions h)r planting, pro-

"i'i»-r) nas been introduced, all which, to some ex- 1 ,-. , , ^. „ .,u .,. 'in. ;♦ .S,!] 1

. . fi • 1 . per distances, and after culture. 1 he-e. it attemh'*!

"ot, the intelligent farmer must become fhniiliar ' t,,, will repay in a single season ten timcK their cost,
^'ith, if he expects to succeed in his vocation, amid 1 Fail planted tre(js should be s(;cur(dy staked. Sojne-
fli'-5 competithm which surrounds him. A-ricultural ^''"^^ ^ mound of earth tlirown up around the stems

l^eriddi/.nlu oc *u r r • . II- ,r *i ' to the height of twelve to L) iindies, to be removed

• »rio(iioais, as the medium m mtellinrence of the-. ., •'^ .m , 1 , ,-, . r *i * 1

^ in the spring, will be a good substitutrMr)r tlie stakes,

[raotice of other districts than his own, and of im- .^^d also is valuable in warding olf the attacks of

proved cultivation, are absolutely required by the ' mice.

P

ft-

i'fc

i2no

L

rOMMUNirATlOXS.

ilv I'll

^"VEJIBEl,

ir I'liruislii'd by M)n.s. F.miuk. wo shall t^i.i^orly^i^j.
pLS't its nrriva,!, throu;i;h .Mr. IIovkv, — pl"*l«;iny ^ur

^r.itjful ackiio\vl<'ilL;iiiL'iits, whuiiitduuscuruL'.tiinjucl.
th'» Fdrm Journal.

It appL' irs from tho a. 'count of this r!'in,irkil»le

Lay down ami protect witli a few inchea of earth,

t(3!ulor raspl) ;rrnv-^, ;^i*ap'3 viiif^j, &'\ Pnin^ aw.iy

old wood of ra^phorri(»s. Moderat' lall pruoiii;;

of trees may now he done. Winttn* apph's an I j) ' irs

sliouhl he j^athercfl I>?for(^ severe frosts. 1 1 th.'y are

desi<j;n(Ml for kei'pini^, of course th'^y must hr^ car;)fal- plienoniMion, that tlio "wihl ;;rass ' so suc(;essfullv

ly hand pick(Ml, in a dry d;iy, and without Itruisin;^, operated upon by Mons. Faiwik, is (me to wliiclj U,'^.

laid hy in heaps for two or t!u*ee we:;ks, wlien the-y | mvius «i;avo th(; ^-juerlc nanii of Ari/i/ojts^ ^tf^\\

should l)e a'^ain handh.'d, carefully sorted, and phu;- known to tlie llotaui^ti ai Southern Kurop'. Xlif-
ed ill harr((ls in a dry, cool <*ellar or fruit room. A plant is somewhat allied to Trillrnni, or Whoat.-^
fruit picker, Orchardist's Hook miiI Liddu", to Ijj and oJieof the v/)^/,^ was actually rel'trr<'d to T,i[i.
obtained at any of the A-^ricultural Warehouses, are cunt, hy Ji"'iiiroi.f. The on:; in (ju^stion st'oms to Ip
in lis|)ensahl(\ With tlnvse, the tines! Iruir, j^enorally a rdri/t/ of A'l/ili)/}-: (fr,if,i, L. and has been calkd
at the (;xtremiti(\sof the limbs, m ly be safely reaohed. i tridtioidcs, from its res"m)tlane(» tf) Wlieat.

Travelers, in former coi'^, us"l t) report, that

Org

inal ComniuiiicationG.

I'uDii J(*virii;il.

t ; lO •^, US"

Wherif <;-rev.- sp )nta:i ei ly io Sidl//. \i is now
known tiiat they had reier.jnce to ihe A'';/ili>p.i (tcrUa^
whit'h is :iii 111 1 iir tur >u-1mii' th i*^ 1 hm 1; and iu

, that an aii.

grain So niu-'li resembles tii.it fi' \v!i •;!

oient 'U)[[i\uM [C't'\ia/niniis,jiil< l> /'A''/.v) nani-d ji

Trifirmn s>/!v'^sfre. Vt hen rip', tiiis ;;i'ass is <,M'hor-

Tran^niuf .iti'»:i of Thiols.

AV^ ' perceive, by li >\ j»'s Mt/izui' oj' Jl jrliruHurc
f>r September, that th ? editor has b(VMi stirring up
tiie o;d tluvni l-bare topic ot the tnnisinidalio.L <>/ ed by the *V/'v7//r/t /*.'iV((./'/;/, v.lio li • tii' heatls up in
]>!(i!i,fs ; and, alt!iou;j^h h" professes a forni'^r want of, bundles, and set them on tire; they luiru wi'Ii rapii]-
faitii in that doctrine, he seems ni)W inclin'! I to think ' itv.and so "^ive the grains a sll;!;iit roastiii^, whii-li Ar»
th 3 process has b^3en dtmioustrated by .M >n^. FAiittE, , tlms c )nsldered a^ijreeable food. T!ius much of tho
a F/enoh expjriniental A<;riculturist. Tiie b-^U^fin \ nhmt, in its ?r/A/ state. Xow, every body knows that
tra ismutation \i certainly very ancient, ]):^rliipi a^ ! loni^ and skillful culture will improve the size anj
old as that in transuhstdnlialiun : an^l if wc m ly con- qailHj/ of all vegetable products — :ind of courso the
tid ; in the ev'ul'iicc furnislied by po))ular tra lition, ; grain of .le;/i7r>yyv may be so improved: But, wu think
an 1 wiiich is still pertinaciously urged by many cul- it yet rinnains to be shown that culture can essential-
tivators of the soil, tlie doctrine was fully establislud \ ly'chang* either tln' f/rnrrir. or the sprrific chnracter
long before Mons. F.vmn: was born. We kn>w that, of Plants: and until Mons. Fadre shall establish the
s>) long ag) as the mid lie of tlie last c Mitury, this be- alh^gitlon by uuf/fulir sp'cuncii.^, skoa^inii the Irani-
lief Wds so prevalent i.i Europe, tliat it was deenud nuilaiion, we must believe — for all anahjgy, aad all
t;.xp;dient, by the great Swedish Naturalist, toiLMuon- i our ob^^ervations compel us to b dievt; — that his mv-
strate its fallacy by an el ib orate argument, — wnieli male \V!i/''it is nothing else than real Af<Jilop.'<,—m(y\'
^\x^ pablished, und.T his au>5pices, in theoth volunu ; iiie 1 or improved, it may be, and probably is, by ser-
of t.i) AnijjuilaUi A''a'kini'' i'.\-- l>ut, oi whit a- 1 en years of careful cultivation, — h\il atiW A>'>/iloj)s,
vail is it, to exp :)s ) the fall.icy of such notions to j )Vest Cluistcry Oct. -7, 1S")2, D,

those who are dekrminrd to cherish them? I rY\,,, worthy diseiples of tliis doctrine, in tho "good

lie that s convinc d against his wid, j ^^,j ^^^^,, ^^^^ ^,^, ^ h^\n,y^A (with th./ir f >llowersof

Is of the same opinion st.ll.^ , ^,^,^^ .^^^^^^^ ,j^^^ ^ ^f,^^ ^^j^,,^f ,^,^,,1^1 ^^^.^^ ^,, ,/,,,/. \,^^

^ Ihe^cV/r/ continues to find comfortable q^^^vrt'^rs , • ^^^,^^^^^,j^;^ ^^^.^^ .^ ^^^^^^l^j ,^P^^^, ;un, a whole.«v^
m the minds ot scores, and hundreds, of our Agri- 1 ^^^.,„,,,,,,,^.,. •„,.. ^ff first into 7i>//^, then from llv^
eult-iral telli)W citizens,— while it laughs to scorn all .^^^^ f,^^^,-, ^^.^^^^^ ,> ^,.,^^ .,^^,, y ,^.;,,;.^ ,„. /;,^,.,,,/. from
t\x'^. arjumcnfx, drawn from < ni -rural i? .tany. t.iat j^^j.^^.^^ .^^j^ nru,,n< nv Cnmf: aod Ir -:.i fMi^at into
can be directed against it. To^' a Kocat.-s ol the no- ^ ^^^^. .^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^j^^^^^ ^,^, ,,, , , v;v-Mrles could l)e
tiondeal altogeth-r in a^^erti)n>, ;i:id a sore of soc- ^•^^^.,//^,^^ ^-/a 'n, ),Hoil- an 1 fir. wi" h skillful man-
onddiand facts; by winch tho <iuestion is conclusive- j^,,;„^.„^I ,,,,. i7n-iMe plant nj: -lit b^- loa^h' to rotro-
ly SPllled, with thmi. _They have all seen, orlr-ard . ;-^^^ ^ ^^^^.^^^.^ .,^ pri^tin > state,'^it least a. lar i.ackiu

of, lields s )Wi» with IVh'af, which produced little else 'J,' /
than ch'uit, when the harvest came round: and they - "

1

very confidently ask, what better proof, of conver-
sion, can be required. Mi*. Hovev tells u-^, 'dntelli-
gmt cultivators, and mm of veracity, have afSrmcd
tnat such changes have taken place, and have ofy,-r''d
to fiirnt'sk sp'i'ijwus' of th" trans'nuitalion.'* So we
have often r''xd, before; but we n3ver yet s:tii\ nor
cmld find, the person that would "furnish speci-

m uis. Tho
want to see.
If, as Mr.

''spicinieui'

till OS'S we

are the verv
II )VKV sivs, Mons. Far?vF- ''d-Muon-

strates, beyond all further question, that WlvMit is
itself a transmutation of a kind of wild gra^s," it is
to be hopjd he will let the drnio)i-il ration »lo it^^ per-
fect work, by furnishing u? with ''spiciui^ns'' in all
the sta'jes of tran^anHtatiou. As it required .s-t-yc/i
succes.s'ivc crop i to comoleto the m itam orph osis, we
would like to have specimens in its ahitrii/iwil stfilc of
*'wil(i grass," — and also in the m )difi)d condition of
€'i':k sacc-'^'dre year, as it went on approximating to
geimini JV/ieaf. These would afford very interesting
evidence in tho case; and as it can no doubt b: reai-

I'(»r t.li« Farm Journal.
Theory nf the Action of L.iiue usedin Agiicuitiire.

A great amount of matt. )r has lately been writ: n
ami published, to show that Mr. James (;owen,ian;
Address before the Lanc.ister County Agriculturi.
Society, has been guilty of uttering false doctrinei,
in relation to the use of lime as a fcrtili/.er. And aW
in respect to what he should have said, in regard to
ploughing in green crops.

T\v) most unaccountable part of this discussion tf.
that not one of the.=5e critics has offered the readff
anv theorv ol hl.s own, or any reasoning in support
of*his position, other than the naked fact, ot litt?
havin^ lo his mini proved beneficial in a siu;;!^ *
•tance^ Not one of these gentlemen has di-'^closea
the manner of application, or the attending circuiu-

Htances
'if I mxv be allowed to ent.T the list, without plee

ing myself wholly to sustain Mr. Gowen's P'»f '^'^"'
will ofbr some suggestions, which I think will go w
show, that in the main he is correct.

I

COMMI'NICATIOXS.

2a 1

First, as to the Lime: Let us inquire what Mr.
tj,)\vcn said in regard to it ? He says: "I hold it not
t» l» Ml manure, in the C(»mmon aeceptation of tlu;
tTin." if Mr. (lowen exehid.js caustic lime from
the li.st of manurt's, b M-ausc it only aets in a «^'e-
oiidiry manner, and does not to any extent bo-
e.iiiie iiit.'orporated with the produe<>, I um willing to
rtirr,'.' with him. liut a^ re;^ards earb(mate of liiii;',
this distincti«»n wiil not hold good. 15y reference to
iiis address it can easily be seen, that he only speaks
of caustic lini '. S >miM)f the advocat(;s (d' the iu-
di.^.riminate u^(; of lime have taken exception to this
expression (d* Mr. (lowen. But after all. tie* wm- 1
manure is but a n.ame, and no very -r 'ut <!i-Ld\.iii-
liv^e to the farming eoimiMniity can cuvh,* JViuu cali-

il Uii'

I

alioA

a;ii lii'!^ t ;i '- •'

tiiings woicM ;ir

'\\Md til:

Its too
f your

iii'l -. i ^ not oiil\

ill"- it by ail , ••ihoi
enjoy its pro])er nla •
u^iftul !') Iiu-'''itidry.

Mr. (i >,'. , M |ti-{jCeeds ;i;id sav"^:
"frcpiiai! .ipolieatioM iij> ai a la
"land, till.' iuavy loom and rlav
*'(h'.-,tru(;tive of tlie real iaauu;f appli >! to i iai ;(> soils,
••but to the inherent organic fertility louo 1 in t!i en."
is this latter in substance correct?

Allowing the cliemistry of Agriculture to be as yet
in its infancy, and many of its plieii »i.e na n ;i oor-
footly und'T-tood: still we may confidently look to
that science fu' asolutiou of this (piostion.

The vegetable kingdom is composed of a verv few
eloments, comparatively speaking, buteacdi of these,
with very f<;w exc(q>tions, is "a sine ((ua non.'' And
as to those few cases where substitution is alleged to
have been inflected, they are not well authenticated.

In the progress of tin; science many theories have
bicn advanced, as to the sources from w!ii(di these
several elem"ntary constitutcnts are .lris(.l. fhe
theory that I have adopted, (not my own,) as to the
mamii'r in which humus is instrumental in (he
;^rowth of plants, has direct relation to the part ta-
ken in th(» same W(u-k ])V lini". Im u -int: tin; term
liunius, I wish to be understood a-^relcrring to woody
ti!)ro undergoing eremacausis. Woo<ly fibr(> consists
of carbon and oxygen andhydrogen in \h>' piopu-fion
t')f»rni water. By the absorption oi 'ixy^ioi Ir.eo the
atniosjdiere, the vegetable ioatt'O- in tin' soil under-
goes a ^\n\\' doeay, and in this w ay is a constant
S(jurce tor t!if >npply (d" ear'oonic acid. d'!ii^ arid
h'^"" 'II" p'OA'T (d fciidt'i-iiiL'; tin- miiea'al re(|ui>it."s (d
the jd;ni!s more soluld<' in wat.a-, wli-r>d.v tli^v ai
more easily taken into thr <drenlatioii.
perfirmed. tie' a-dd in tuiai lM'.'Min"N the
utwnnposition, .mkI rnrni->hi'> carbon to

Tins latter i> m .r,' particularly the ca.->e . _

plant is sur)pli(id with leaves.

A'le pnM^ess of decay is mueli retarded by tho
presence of any uncombined acid, hence the iicids
are called antis(»ptics.

The presence of the alkali(^s activates vegetable do-
cay, and this is nnjre especially the case with lime.
1 will not, at present, go into the complicated theory
in relation to the acids retarding eremacausis, but
Will endeavor to explain my view of the action of
hme in activatinirdecav. AVe have seen that woody
nore is composed of carbon, and hydrogen and oxygen
in the proportions to form water. Caustic lime ha^
» powerful affinity for the acids, and although car-
home acid is the h)west in the scale, and will be di.s-
placod by almost any other acid, yet when placed in
contact with moist woody fibre in the presence of the
oxygen of the air, the vegetable matter being dead,
or deprived of its vitality; and the temperaturebeing
sufficiently (devated, yields to the decomposing pow-
<^r of the lime, and new compounds are form nl; the

I til- idH(;e
subject of
tip' ]i1aiit.

Ijei'iie

t nj

to' 1

earl>orn and the ().xygen <d" tlie woody fibre form car-
bonic aeid, whieh imniMliately combines with the
linii', andthe l)ydro;^i'n of the woody fibre eombine.s
\viththeoxyw;(.nof the atmosphere and water is forincMl.
Tlie presence of carbonate of lime in the soil is
also in.lirectly favorable to decay. The roots of tho
plants cultivatiid, ;ind thos»» (d the weeds, as widl as
all other vegetabh; matter phtughcd under the sur-
face, are susceptible of fermentation as well as erema-
causis, and considerable (piantity of acid of different
varieties is thus generat. d. The (5arbonat<> (d" lime
is decomposed by these acids, and couse«|uently they
are himlered fi-.aii excu'tiiii; their antis.-pfic (pialit i.-..
a!id dnririLC tii'' jM-oee-s of '^:it nrah. ai v.-iih tle'>i' y-::
ct lb! • ai'i'l-, iiiii,'li caidMaii.- a<:d i-. lil."iat'd
• '■Ol j; f a^'Mi 1)1 to I lie ciri
a- I ha! i\ . ii \ td

|.Ur;, ,v

at
i la! i^n

'\ tllr

niiiiM^

and
ain>'

abo\''. I'ii'-t
til'' -1 m1. mil

liat

lime
Mip-

^'^ hat il ) V, • learn Iran i !i
applied in ii ^ < .m-" ;.• -^tat'- t

plied wall an ;iei I it' 'Wi - eon' -hi r'-. d li a \\ 'e n aj)
pli'''! Ill doses ah' i\' I III aim Hint necessary tosilnvaie
th • \ ''jii'tabl" a a I - ill ; he sail, that it \n ili prey uji ai
tie' li.tuius for its .-ajpjdv, and that to tie- <1 ii'ia.-; ■ ol
the growing i-rop.

Second that carbonate of lime will e'l'iallv W(dl
neutralize the acids found in the soil, and that m so
doi?ig, instead of consuming the humus, will come U)
its aid in furnishing carbonic acid to the growing
crop.

If this i( the ease, will may .'^Ii- d iines < M)W"n call
it a \N isteful cook — when apjdied in "over doses."

in tin; section of i-ountr}' in which 1 r(?side it in
much ])ractiseil to jdough in lime in its caustic state
with the manure. I have remonstrated with th(.» ad-
vocates of this process in vain. 1 am always met l>y
their experience of this method giving a good croj>
of e;rain.

In tills section the grain is very subject to })eing
thrown out by the winter, and a good start in tha
fall is of infinite benefit to the crop, lly the proc"s.-<
above described, the ammonia is l)rou;;ht int<> iinm<'-
(rKit<' action, and the roots are enabh^l to run de^'per
into the soil than tliey (»therwi e would. Thi-: same
effect can be ])roduri'l bv tie* njtplication of fertili-
zers cimtainiiig anini •m a. an ' a: a nn.e'i ele^ap' i
rate, than ! ' b'' ^iibic-'-d t.ie '.rlniiiai :iiu' lilty I'iislnd.^
di' liini' t ' ! !i" a a':' a: t ! \ p' n-' i.i' t !"• laannre.

jbit w ' a!-'' 1 lid \>v Mr. W'lllia n S'a\''!y <>[' Ibieks
caintv, an! others, that tliev have r. 'i\'l -.rv'-at
bioe'lit iV an linn'. Mr. '
was limestoii ■ Ian !. .m 1

ta \"1 \ in p.irtleular say-^ bin
\s an ('it by croppin^r. I
presume his land is ;-u|tport,''d \)\ iiuiestone r )ek ano
I not formed from <lisintegrat(^d rock. .Muali land
that lies on limestone rordv does not, after scjvere crop-
ping, eont.ain sufficient lime. This is nothing new.

But [ d ) n )t understand Mr. (I »w m to reptidiate
lime aUo2;ether, but only to speak against over-dress-
in"- (d Miiick lime. H' does not w.irn the farmer

O 1 ^ .

against carbonate of lime.

I have come to the conclusion that it is best to let
the lime lay on the surface one year before ploughing
in, and that if thus j>repare<l, or allowed to obtain its
acid from tlr) atmosphere tlu; land will Ix'ur any doso
without danger. I have said one year because all tin;
liui'^ now in use contains mtignesia, v.hi(di i.> longer
bein«r saturated by the atmosphere. If any plan
could be devised hy which the limestone could be pul-
verized in a cheaper manner, than by burning and
slaking, it would be a very great improvement.

I will take an other opportunity (d" si)eaking of tlie

ploughing in of grain crops.

Gwynedd.

G. BLIGHT BflOWXE.

i

1C)L\

SOlTir.MiV.V SlIKKP.

233

/,;/'

r.^'c,

'if i** .'1 /!

I. ' V- ,>, ■>■•' -

. < ■ f, *.

^?1

.1- --v.

I

(

i •^'!•

, J W./.V..

^^.^I

1^

h'i.

I '.

|i;;i.' '' i'i',':i

■ii'';|'iMi';'' *H!r :

i

o

Si

S

a

xs

u

(0

o

I

o

o

3

SOI TiiDDW \ Sili:i:!>.

Tilt' Kn.:;;riiv'm;;^ <)f S!i('('|) in mir prcsiMit ir.iinl)(>r
arc from «lii;iU(M'i"H)typv» p)rt rails of pure; iSoutlnlowus,
|,!-,'<l iuitl ownc'l )ty Jns<'[>]i (^)p(» anil .Fulin Vv'ortli, of
tlii< ••'Minty. Tiin oxci>1!<mk;»; of tliis livo".! of Slicop,
I'.r li.i!*'!''"'"^"^' ('(iinpart fuMi, (Msy f(i(M]iti--, as well as
ill,' vt'i'v supifrioi* ipiality nf tlii;ir mutton, is now irfu-
onillv a Iniiftc'l, and \\\.' a'/f pleased to he at)!.' to sav
tli.it tli'T'' is no 11 ).•!<. of !),Avas in tin c oimtry, more
pur.' in hlool, an 1 wljirii evini-e nuro cart' auvl skill
in Itn'o-lint:, than ili" (locks from w'l'rli tlir's' por-
traits aro tak'n. Tiic I'.u'k fi;r;uri'-l in t!.',' 'Mi^firavin'^.

si(l«', i^nora it entirely of her dispoHition, had -i^n
t!j«» real exp-ession ot Ikm* eowntciianef.

AVc hope t) enricli cudi nnmher (d' tli(! Farm Jotir-
nal with d;i;:;u('rn'otyp(' ]iortr;iits of th'' ;:;oo(l Ktoek of
our own and oth.-r «'oiinties thron;;h the State, and
shall (•<immen"e,if pMssilih., in our next nninh'T, with
Homo of tie' fiie^ Pnrhams from the herd of (icn.Cad-
wala.ler of Pliilad., and as tiny eontain somr (d'tlie
hi'st blood n )\v in th" countrv, we jn*omi> • onr readtTs
rpiite a tri'at in sndi admirahle snhjei-ts for Htudy.
We arc also p* imi^"d p»rl raits of Sh •■•;» and (/Vit'l •,
from thi' farm oT 11 m. V. Kwife.:, FaV'tt" eount v.iind

, • 1 ,, „ ' 1 , , f . V ., \- • 'P. . " "i th<' superior AM -nevs of I, !l T .-, , i I 1. Pnilad.
li:l< siUi'" 1> ''"n so.'i lo;r)t<) y<r\v ) oriv. 1 hey 'eivc I ' ^ ;

, 11 ,,, , , .],, ( . < V' ' " 1 I eounty. Ur-fders of line sto:-k, who m,iv wis:i to

aNo s.»M .- en 3 reciMitly to ;j:o l>) .\ia.i;im:i, ;iii 1 a! . '^

.1 . ,;.,^, ^ f,. TM ,.;>.. • ,...,.f r f' I- 'I" • iivail thcms(dv<vs of this ni'thod oi intro.hutin*' th 'm

utluT tinv'S to ^arloll<^ parts oi i.ie Lnion. I ncn- *^

II . 1, .,-,.♦.'- ., ■,^,w....,l c... f r .. .-.,.. ^ hefore our manv reid'Ts, will a Mr ' s us (iiost r>;;id )

jh.vns Irnc ta.v;.;n sj^'Tal lirst preijiiums at our own • mi/

a:id t!i; M.irylan I Stat.e Fairs, tiii.s .season, as wdlas
in [tri'vious y'ars, and we c;in reeommrn<l tli'»m with

at an earlv dale

Tie' puhlish^''s of till' Farm d nn-n.il \'l-i!i jo and-
.,.,;,tidenee, knowin- tha^ they have h:"n uhtained | „.i„, r.^ tie' la', i.su.', hv savin- that iVom some'-n-
fiuni P'liahle sonreo., and th-ir hi-h eharaet-'r eon- 1 tirely unaee )un aMe n.-h-et in i.ue-usi.'r. the type
firm'"lhy iud;<-ionseros-v'., ],.;h h,"r' and fro,,) th- and materialMuive horn s.'nt hy p-aerm-'al, no one

part compli'te. FiVen now,(l7th inst.,) tliey have not
all arrived. For the fuLure thi'i'f will h' neire [unn>
tuality.

0^'iginp.l Communications.

For ilie I-'jiriu Jimnml.

llicks of (Jrantham an 1 Ki!man in (Ircat Britain,
wliioh \v.T'» vi.>it.;d hy Jurseph (^-pe him^Mf, ftr ihis
iitirnisv'. Those in our enn*;n in;' are only V'.'arlin 's.
luit already develope sum:,' of the ;^o od \ oint.s »)f this
valiiiihle hi'(M>d. The artist, howo\er, h;is omitted tin;
l)l;i''k faces and le;;s of th.j ori;;in;il, whieh are char-
ii.'teristie of Southdowns. We hon.; tlie da"uerre >- ' Slate l''ai:-.

type proce.ssmay become ;^enral, wiiore itisdesii.d t , | Mr. Forroii :— This immense ;;atherin;; of lannfrs

\. •„ „ „ 1 1-1 V • \ -.1 i. /I and others is now dispersed, eaeh eontomplatin;; wiih

i»l)t:un a real likeness of an animal without fladrrv. I , ,. 4', ,r ♦ * , •, T »

• 1 pleasure Ins sueces'^tul »'ttorts to promote Us objects,

Wh-Te there is no trutlifulness to nature,there em Im' I or whh re^n't his apalhv and indifp-rence.

II I ;idv:intage ultimately toeitheri>rGederor purchaser. I Will yon acept the remarks oi" a eorresp mdent

The ohjeet ou-ht to be to show the true form,the -ood ! '^" ♦•o"';^'';;;*'" ^vith iv^nlar nports ? Ifso, l.-t us lo.,k
, ,' . . rliroU':;h I lora! Hall and s"e those' nelifst treasur"s,

or had punts of the anim il: not to maive a pretty ^'lo^vors and Fruits, nr tin- former, a evy/.r h,-au-
pietiire for ehildr'^n. W" ha\' o]>served expensive tiful ho<piet.s ami nrfii'n-iojs, {\)r wiii. !; th" contri!)!!-
tngravin;i;s in the be.^: styi*.' of the art, in somi of our tors deserve praise, a.-,, to |,e se.-n. Why so f.w ?

[••'riodieaN, eertainly unlike anythin*:; in iinfnrc that
we ever s.iw either herfj or in ihi<:Iand. I'he farmer

\)k) the Laueasterijins not love fiowis, or love them
so w<'!! as to ke '[) tie in in thjir ;^i.rdens or conserva-

tories ah 'lie .'
an 1 till' lu'eeder will unly appreciate these pictures, | Kver^reen tnvs and shrubs in p )ts, Ix'auiifnl!

wlien they ar.e true to nature, and consider nothin- 'I'^i^y -I'^J" 1 """•'' >" ''>" \"^;''"';:' "^. tins deparrmynr

and the contrihutoi's, rasrjial! .Morias iv Co., (d West

hiiaiuitul that is unnatural

Ihere are V(U'v few artists, however skillful dfdine-
ators they may be f;:}Uorally, wiio have sulficient fa-
miliarity with tlie striking; j^oints of good stoek, as to
be able to properh* .sketch an animal portrait. The
lilt;. J. A. Woodside was without a rival in tliis line.
Uis likenesses display the hand of a master, and were
so true to nature, as to be recoirnizcd at once. The
Hviii;^' subject, whether of horse, dof];, cow, })irds, &..•„
»;oin ! I 1)ef(jro you. We have heard an anec<h)te (jf
his heiii;^ en;;a;^ed to draw the portr:iit of a tine cow,

Cliester, wh(» ha<l ll!n sfjeclmens, I). Miller, of (him-
berland eounty, and oth;'r.s, deserve tlie thanks (jf ev-
ery m embtn' cd' the Society.

The collection of apples was not what mi;;ht have
been anticipated. D. Miller, it is true, hud InC, na-
med varieties and ."»(> see(llin;:s; A\'illiam Co(d{lin, of
York county, F'O named varieties; ('asp(!r llilhr, of
L.mcaster county, 17 named varieties; d(»nat!ian Mc-
Williams, 121 vaVh'ties without names; H. (iarber, a
fine colleetion; Henry Kaufman, somt.' of large size;
S. (J. Slaym:iker, six varieties without niimes, ])(m-
f^ect and beautiful : Asalp; Walker, s.. me huge and
finrMoo!;ing; David Kyer, Pound apples: Al)raham
IJiv-nner, ()rang<; l'i|)pin: Raeliel Taylor, (iolden l*ij:>-

iind after it vras linislied t!ie owner, anxious to make pins, cd' elegaiit appMranc"; and display from Pjrry

^•'r appear perfect, conrolalned of his having given 1 County Agriculturni Society. , ,^ ,^ ^ , ,

U- ., .,. , , 1 , ,. ,' .,.;„ I Thespecdm'-ns of (lumces, bv d. 15. ilart, Asahel

'^r a cross look, and rather a werce eye, obserung | ^^.^^^^^^ ^,1 ,j, ^^. ,.^.^^^^.1 ^^^^^^ ^.^^,^-^.^^ ^^.^^^j,^ ,^^. p^^,.,, ^,,

tliat she was the most gentle creature in the world, • ^^^.^.j y^\^^, |^ ^j,^ |»,,rtugal (pilnce not more cultiva-
"ot at all vicious. "Wl:y, then, "it vras replied, did you ted? A single ])late of these, uniformly smooth and
'^^i-ry a stick whenever you w.nt near lijr?" Wood- perfect, was exhibited. To these, iu c(maecti(iii with

• ^^^I«'^ ^'t^SbM

2:u

COMMUMOATIONS.

X

"VEJi,

wi-y perfiv't Apple ipiiiiccs, l)y tlie saiiiu cjruributor,
won? iiw.inUvl tlm (irst pr.Miiiuin.
_ Of pi'jirs, Mr. Snmmy \i.v\ proha/jlt/ tlio ;^ro;it('st va-
riety; a few only n.un*vl, the rest a ')erf«;ct h il)i'l.
Mr. Baxter, of Viiila.l.'lplna, lia 1 -.i ir^xhl olloetioii,
a slip^lo speeiiii ^n of his Duchess (rAii;^niiK''m • woi^jli-
iii^ IS] ,)/,. ,F. K. Kslicliiiaii, of Ches:er e )unty, ex-
hibited :^J varieties of his ownpro-hietion, aiil 0 from
t!ie eAperiiiKintal groinuls of Tlioniis Ilirv'v, of
Djlawarr^ e;)., some of which w<M'e :ie\v in tliis re-
gion, ai\.l looked vi-ry teinptin;,^ Prol)ahlv, the hrvst
on Gxhi!/ition was a plate of "French Butter," hy Pe-
ter H-'rn'e'i-d, of Dauphin ouuty. Would it not
h^ juflieious to olfu- a premium for the be«t d.)zen or
l)"st four vari(>tiis, a doZ(ui each?

or (Jrapes, Mr. Baxter lia 1 >'> , irie;i<'> ; M •. Sum-
ray, of Lancaster county, nn ' Mr. Cckliii. wi' York
county, had hiseious (th.'s,' 1 LaM-l'l l^;i!).;li:i. u,!
Catawhas. Fine lookin-* Sv/eet WatOi- an:l sm ill-
er paree's hy oth-rs. Cherries and ot'i -r iruit
preservi' I in alcohol i/rarrtl the ttiljhvs. 1" >v what
pui'p )s^ ? To learn p s--)ns to beconi;.^ spirifioil or
hIdw the size ot fru't? 0. Fruit pres(?rved in su;^ar
a!)d jelliiM, tliere wa-^ t!ie >:;reate.?t d-art'i. Why^so
little? C'rta'nly in T'litPiK private hous vs wliile at-
tondin:: th ^ Fa'r, I saw liu-n- lookin;; jellv than any
on exhibition.

The Cases of Birds elicited much admiration. But
8. T. R ithvon, of Lancaster, with his ent(Mnolop:ieal
collection, capped tlie climax. Here mi^ht the' Far-
mer, Mee!);inic, Florist, Arlxu'iculturist and 11 mso-
wif(; meet face to face their best friends an I worst
enemies. There mi.i^ht be seen the apple tree borer,
(mpa'da hin'ffnf,t,) the peach tree borer, [J^J/eria ex-
tiwm,) in their perfect state. The former is rapidly
approaching us. and cultivators cannot too .soon make
themselves acipiainted with its appearance mm 1 \\\\^-
its and best mode of dt^truction. But hall ..f vour
Journal w )uld not afford space enou;.:h to do justice
to this collection. Space and time fail to write of the
otlier !n>velti(v-! and .vkytAv in this tent. Excuse the
errors and omissions of Onk ix Tiit: Crowd.

in ^1

For the Farm Journal.
Cofciuellii !l >rca!ls.

""\V/

This insOvit be!on;^st:) a toler.iblynumerous Coleop-
terous family, coccincUidiE, commonl}' termed la<ly-
birds, and ni ly l)e regarded as a benefactor to some
kinds of ve;^etation, or those liable to be infested with
Aphid 's or plant lice. The larvjic as well as the per-
fect insects of the various species of corciwlla feed
almost exclusively upon these plant lice, uponwiiich
account they .should be ieti;arded with car»', ratlier
than wantonly destroyed. Th) body, (of which the
above cut is not a faitliful reore.sentation, the le;^s
and the antennio Ijr'lu;' entirely too Ion ji;, an<l the
head antl tliorax t')0 narrow) is of a hemlsplieriol
form, of a yellow or oran^^e color, and havin;^ seven
blajk spot^ on eicli wing cover, arranged in trans-
ver.s(; rows, with four smaller spots on tlie tliorax or
chest. On being taken in tlie hand alive, they e.x-
udi; a yellow mueus, which has rather an offensive
smell. Next to coccuifJla iti'iU it is the largest spe-
cles of the genus common to tlds regi(ni. Tiie larvii3
is composed of eleven segments, to the first three of
which are attached thrco pairs of legs. The form is

mations tal^e place in M ly and dun ■. m ^lo ^,j.
ter they creep into crevices, (the femile^ ;it lo^stlor
u.i ler the bark of decayed wood. I liave taken num-
'"''■■^ 'f tli "'1 iii '■ i:'iy spring, fi- Mil ii;iil.'r t:i" harkc'
d'.' tying tre--^. It* is of i'm;,. .ri,i!iee t;) tho iarin-
•I 1 1 the cultivator of veg')tables .mm 1 .] - veringphmN
Lo know tliM*- )lii->' Insei^ts visit plaots only f)r th-
purpose of I'Mlni^ upon tluse pests of all t.jii'ljrv,^..
elation, namely, J/>'i/<A.'.? or plant lice. And in „"..
der that their young should have their necessary ?>.;
near jit h and, tli ' provident f(Mnale deposits \m >-<^'.
in tlie mid-^fc of a eol ony of ])lant lice, and then lo;iv".
them for tim 3 t > bring intj life anl active uWul-

j^'*^«- ' s. s. n.'

For the Finn J lumal.

EoTiiehtox, Se[)t. 2;h'J, 1802.
Mr. Stanglkr :

1 Si aid you the result of a carofn
exp^rimeiit made with di'f'rent manures, appllji].: ',
diiferent wavs in planting l\)tatoes. [

On the I'.kh of .NLiy, 1 selected 12G Morc.ir P.;,.
toes, without core. :is nearly the same size as p!w<ii}i!^
and weighing abtuit three to the pound. IcutM j
potato lengthwise into two pieces, and planted th?L ^
io ley g;irden in s-an<ly loam s ):i. iu hills twoanili
half feet apart, three ))ieccs in each hill, rows side bj
side, and attendi.'d to them from })lanting to raisiCj'
myself. '

No. 1. Contains 12 hills. Applied Kentish Ciuanc.

nianufactiired in X. York,
2 oz. to the hill. Cov.-r^i
the potato one inch wit:
ground before applvin:
the (juauit, and onc3 ina
after.

Applied S ili;i'' Fertiliz--
niMimfactur'"! in Pliihv
cover' 'd M- \ '. ! .
Potatoes first rolled t
Plaster, tlien appli!^d'2u'
to thf^ hill, and covcridi-
No. L

Air slacked lim»\ •' ""•^'
hill, covered as Ne. I.
Widl r(«tted, short Bart |
Yard manure o)i. th.^ h ,
tato, and covered - ict'
OS with ground. I

Short ]5arn Yanl ni.inur '
vndrr th(^. Potato, an J cov-
ered as No •').
J\'ruvian (luano, - <'Z|
the hill, covered ai5 ^o.'^

.Vo. 2.

No. 3.

12

.■> ((

No. 4.
No. 5.

12
12

n

n

No. G.

No.

i .

(I

((

12

12

To day 1 raised them.
No. L yielded 44 lbs
No. 2. * " Ci'V,
No. 3. '' 42}
No. 4. " 41

Beautiful smooth skin.

Found one llottenPotatft
and think the _r«'St vrili
not keep over winter.

Ve. ')

« ti

long, flattene.l, and tapering to rather a p ;,i„t,.j t^^

(and by no m jans agreeable in appearance) |,.^v:./

rough surfa...e, of a blarkish color, with yellow « J

ihe translormati.>ns usuallv take place un-.n th

leaves where they fe:Ml, and" it is not an UMc..,nmon

thing to see (^'^^^j^-^, larvas pupi, and the matur.nr.s.r

all at on- tim • ; from whi(di eircumstanco wo m-T

safidy infe- that thereare several broods in on'^sciKin

It chau'^'\s to a short oval clirysalis, attach,' (l},vV

terminal s •j;.n uit or tail, iu.vai>jh th • futui-e p.rlV

insect is visi:)le, and also b 'ars som'^ r(M(.ni))lancol

tin lirv.'o, e<j)ecially a> to color. Tiie 11:-^ tranJ,,

H.v:.l

So. 5. vieldetl 134 lb... A

411 '•

roMMl'.XICATIONS-ClIOK'F FlU ITS.

2;io

Wa,|i»'»»Hi^lMl>**— ■JKll

About one iitih nibbh>d I Will some »)neofyt)ur many r «ad"rs, irv th(} experi-
by mice jnid moles, aiid m ait on Lime stone atid Slate soils. 1 ha<i be|.,re trie<l
think tin? seed must have IV-ruviati (iuano on Wlcat, C.an and Hats. On the
be(.n eat. Ml by them. j O.its there w:isa marked b(melit, the growth being so

Also eaten, but not so ma dj tall"ranl ranker in thosespots where it had Ixum
badly a-i No. o. sown as to be observal)h' at llie dlstaiKje of a hundrr-d

Hven in siz. — smo >th , yards. On wheat and Corn I could perceive no dif-
skin, and free from ex- , ference. A. O. iirSfllU.

crcHcnces.

.1 ;:i"!-'::i,i

Vi*i I ,

/'

/

/

\

\

\

X

F'df tlic Fiirm Journal.
.lefi'ciiN Aj>{)lc.
.\- I'roit eultar" is attraMin;" rli" a'tMui on of Far-
mers and others, 1 II ei^ vour corr"-p ei l-nt^ will
from time to time, es in !:lr'lr }>ower, give inlbrin ition
of such see(Uinir fruits \\\ are deemed '\vortIiv of cul-
tivatiun. It is believed this and the nei;rhborin;r coun-
ti'-'s do rurni>h native fruits of a-> much excellencv as
;iny portion of our countrv, manv of whi(di are scarce-
ly known b^'vond th'.' n^iirhborhood of their or!<:;ln-
lliis is to b:.' re:;rv'tt(!d, iiarticularly as the soil and
tdiinate where they originate and have provetl thcdr
;^o(»d ({ualities, arc sur^.' guarantees that in this region
At least, they may he cultivated witli suc^ces.?; and it
iniy also be presumed that what suits this climate
will succeed well in a large portion of the Union.
As you have shown a liber.il spirit in giving accounts
imd representations of Animals, Implements, k?.,

interesting t^) farmers, it is hope:! you will encourage
^'"^ dilfusiiui of the knowle l;i;e, history, properties,
ueseripiiou of new fruits, particularly of our
•liitive seedlings of worth. Some of your subscribers
'>|dievo yiju would rendfu* good service to the commu-
^''.y by ealling more })articular attention t«) an cx-
<^*Ldlont Apple that is known to perhaps bnt few, al-
^hou^'h it has been exhibited at some of the II ortieul- I

tural Fxliibitions in the eastern part of the State Tt
several \-ir--. 1 lo mm lie "Jr.r; ii:i- AriM-n.*' U
originai'Ml un \\v t'.inii '^i' l-.i:i'' d 'tl'-ie-. in N"'.\]in
tf)wn^ii!ii. <die-it'.- CMiioty. I'. I., and w.i^ ,l.y Iimu fv-
liil.ii, i [M tie' <Me'<rev C.e.niPy 1 be-f ieuUural Society.
af ilirli- Aoiiiiiiii.d iAliildtion, in bS4S, and bytli-
r .lu.nittee on S'-vllinic Fruits, n'-iined .! i ; . i,;: is."
by whi(di liiia ii 1. i- since been known. A: ih •
h'lte ni-etingof the "Ameritian F oi dogical Society,''
the Conunitteeon Nativ(; Fruits pronounced it "best,"
which, in Pomologicid language, iikmiis "lirst-rate. '
TIk; following is a description of th" fru;t.

SiiAi'K, oblate-spheroidal. Skin, in its ground
color, lemon yellow, streaked and stained ^yith \'^\^\,
but on tin; si'l-e next to the sun, deepeJiing int;) rieh
red, dotted with white s))ots. and a little riivs(>ty
round the stalk or stem. St.vlx, about half jhi iiu h
loner, slender, inserted in a narrow, deep cavity. —
CaTx'K, woolly, nearly closed, set in a rcLTular, well
formed, deep !)asin. Flesh, wl!it(\ crisp, tender,
melting, juicy an<l of exceedingly pleasant favor. In
use froni the middle of Au'iusl until late in ()et<d)er,
and is an excellent fruit both for cooking and the
dessert. Its superior, for the season, I hav(i not met
with. Tin'K, a rarlnu- moderate grow(!r, with upright
habit, and said to })e a constant and al^undant bearer.
It can be had at some of the Chester County Nurse-
ries. DAVID TOWNSFND.

West Chester, Penna.

(Wa

. J-, ,j,r ;:. ~ i-'j,"%!»«j

1.T,

"■■** *' ■■■ I H Mil

OlIOICi: ri!tlTS-_\Vol!K FUR TIIK MO.NTH

lift** lai t^*^^^^.— -,. t, j^

>*^km iiBiii

TJ:e Ih.J I- I'car.

in potstl.run;,^, summrr. Tako u,> also for V^^

Alvssu.u, Stock (nllys u,.l Chines. IVinnvl'! ' 'J'^
p.un.l IS very dry, wator mvII I„.(;.,ro lirti„.r * ,/ ^^

lav^l

WORK FOR rUK MoVTTf IMPORTED ('ATTLK.

ha

It
tJiiadiMl.

ve somo oarth adhcrini,' to t\u^. roots "'uiT^i''
|Mtt(Ml^l,Luits, should A»r a lew day. he k^tcl^

Cut down and nrry away, all suoh nhmts as h.
l>"on hurt hy frost. As s(,<.n as Dahlia tons arlu
H,l.fttho root-: onttin.^^ off within a fVvv in.W
tlu; ,-;roMnd. Dry thoiu a short tim.'
move candully, i\io (Mrtli which adin
thrin for a few d:iys, with tops (l.w
uioistu:- . aft-T whi'-h thnv nniv !•.. r,

'"08 of

movo carefully, i\io (Mrth which "adhcr!^, thcrin;^

'» <*> <lr;uu 0}

'''1 "X ImI til tlm;.

wintci- -(uart.-rs. «•:,;,.!, ,„,;-,- i :, ;, -l.-lri,,.,

c.-llar. IV.v ln,>„ l:-„,t. ,„■ ,:;., i..,,v i,,; ,ack,.,! i'„S

hill all t;-n:l.- !:,.li. , To',,rosP, (Uadlolus Ti...
flowcrs,^A,oarvilis,^,... ;,n,l hya'.vav as Dahlu^i^
adry |uarc. If ,,,.1 ahvady d .... ,,;,.m! beds of Tu.
lips an I llv 1, n.ths. Trench a piece of -n.un.l en-
nchni- w,ll with short ni;inur.'. Plant tlie \ii\\»
nine inc'h-s apart, and iUvrr. in.di-vs deep. \\y^
hanl weather approaches, cover with lun^r w^^^/^
loaves. Xow is a }riuu\ tinn^ to divide an";! replant
liei-haceous plants. Peonies, .'cc. Pnt n„t j.-,.n!|in.
lloiiyhocks whore tijey are to hlooni. Lift Carna'

plants from drawnifi;. lake up Cahha-es, arran,::;- ; in order t.. obtain his full share ni tli^ pnu-erds'
i„;r tli.Mii iu b'!ds, aiid burym- roots and l,.W'«r leaves I A number of bidd.'rs were present fr'm K.'ntu.d.-v
in cartb; cover with I'oards, straw or eornf xld.T on I and also Inmi distinit parts of Ohi.. btit tho vvu-U
;ippn).i"h of sevtM-e weather. Di- up Crli-ry, an 1 t-r u,.,,, .■i,tii-lN ai. .s -• t :,,',r ,,1,. , . \lit'i.' ,,M-ri, .-■.••.
winter use, place m b • !•.. p' im' iii^r ij,,. ji,.st r,.,va- :,r ■ r^-/id:!;- s ,,r ih.' tiT.iturv ..,nhr;i.'. ,1 n, ' t Im> ^ ann.

-.■un.starid,<;e, t!, Ml hil in ..arrl, nr.irlv t > th • t .;., \ai!,.,.. 1 1:. •'. . 1 i!,. nrllM' binl^,,,, 1 a^ p.M.'lr,.-

thf'n another row o) ( ■Lay. I^mvim ;■ i.iir .,r iivm rr. i^.',' rrpr,. -..Mfr i\ ,• ..f a .•.MUiianv -I ri-i .-iibMrs
ohe.S of eartli betwi'.at .M-Iiruw. L\)V(a- the out ^: h' rlnM.,. | i .-.eh.a- r,;- lli.. i. u'-, „,..■, rv-ot Mr Suili-

: I < ■ ' M M 1 1 ■ i 1 1 \

V -e M

then anothci* row o) (''l.i'y. li'avia;- i .ur nr i:\.' m ci
('hes of eartli bet\v:'tat ca -li i-^w. L'>)V(a' liie out
r,)\v >vith straw co- mii'iui-''. and a <rood C(»ver;ri.; ol \:iiit, an
striw or cornfo(Mia- o\ iT I !i'' ;.'ji. Manor'' Kliu!>arb to".

bt*.!-* with a heavy Co r, b . 'i on plm'^a-il in all-vs, '

vriiich «li)uld bedii:^ in tliiitnr: r.^vn- wit'i ^: -.rr, T'llMi' C V'l' \ I.Of . I ' i: oi-" Til!: A'Vll'.HICW

litter or (ycilar ])ruv!i, i\o;'. (Ldtuee, Spina -li, •- ' an cNnioroc.H \i. S(M'li;'r"\.

Salad and J\irsl(7.) 'rak(> up U n-,' HadiOi, .nil PIuriT.S WoKTllV <»,' i.i;m;i'\L i I.IiVAIImN.

!\y away in sand or earth Ibr wini 'r use. Di^ up I

l*ar"!ii:ps for <\arly consinnption, an 1 pluec in barrels, '

■1 « 4ttl. a^ •■

.M'l'I.FS.

tions ana I inks wandi have been layered, a:j(i place uther rubish, and hand to ;be manure heap.
ni a cool rrimvi for the winter. Water occMsi„nal!v. . ,

(• iV('ririir with sod (\.n<.,.f aTel pi-.s..a-' - '*"a sti<'ks, ' 4^,,,.' o ._.. t> ,^

„ 1. ^. . I ,i /'I > 1 , — ^"^^ " "^^^'"^^^T Pi-'armam), (Iravenst^an.

Bean pules, <v:e. (.ath.rup ( iibbap^e stumps and a i>..i,i„.;, H ii i

pvelresh air in mild days. Chrvanthomum.
It taken up careiully and potted in la:-;;e pats and
w<dl watered, nniy be retained in bloom fbr a cMnsiij.
rvn , erable tim-'in the house. The I.illinuti-in or .br.r*

Daler, amon.^^ the very best Au;,nist pears and I varieties which are n-.aerally nun Tter^ ^ la^^^^^^^^^
<l'^servos a place ,n every collection in this State, others, should be tak^n up at^,nce and no ted^^^'^V^^
It IS named alter the person on whose proj.erty it bloom nuu h finer in the nnr^e. VVat ecti^J^
j; ow and by whom it was most probably rais' d iLn with Ciuano water, or liquid manure to n i^ '

-"tnT " ^'"-^ 'T'' ?>'"'^^"^^ '^-^^'-^ ho size of flowers. One po/nnl of (JuanMo ft e ^^^^
!)K».i.i;nt the tree or scions from Germany; b.it this : of water, is a suitable stren-.-th.

le e ;^;';\'7^^^";^\!^'»"^^^l*'^l^^''- . it is more proba- ' commend for this. Pink Dailies,Tind most of the Bon-

. nd r . o 1 u! T t'""' ^''"'V P''^\^'r>l=^"f^^'l it, : -als. Tea Cels, Devoniensis, Souvenir de Mah.aisoa
and i.u^ed this tree. Its -rowtii muc h resembles ; and Il.nanosa.
tlie 151ood;,'ood, sliort jointed, wood r .<ldisli-brown,
not a rapid grower but bears renailarlv and aben-

^ale of Importfi! f'atflc.
CUE AT IMUCF.S.

Ibddwin,
!' iIlo(tk's Pippin,
i'anvcr-c AV;nt»;r Sweet,
K:ir!y ll.irvcst,
Karlv Strawberrv,

II

iiectr-'i-t Ml Vi eisueli.

I

dantly. Fi-uitof medium size, obova?'
one-.siiled, thic!Lenin;j; abruptly into t!e' >;
id an inch lon;i; and obliipndv insert'-'d.
maturity, -oMen yallow, spriiikb 1. an I
mostly covered, withli-ht cinnamon russet.

To make an a'tracdive display of flowers in-doors,
wiu>n t'l 'v will be m .st hi--ldy valu-

I'lai

pri!i

.!;.

1 1 1
1

'• 1. tako a p at!
PiM'sian iala.'s.

1
> 1 . 1 i *

in I if_-e ]-'

1 'O

AVie;;iiia rnsea.

wduai i'lM'sian lala.'s, >pii-ea P ' \ '-li,' Prnnirolia. and Fnr-
n,jit : sythia \ ii-idi>sima. Our na:i\',: Kabnia^ Patifulia L«
side , inuch esteemed in Ent.:;land, for early >prin^- forcing

<'il\x in i>nts. Hardy annual si^eds, such as dwarf Gorman

niostlyopen, set in a sh-nt, smooth depression Plosh , Larkspurs, purpl" an 1 ^vbite (^mdvtufts, Cdlinsia
y«nlowisn white, Inutery with rich sugary luscious , IJicolor. ditto A'erna, Clarkia Orandiflora, and £!•>

Havor; a little -ritty at the core, whicii is small,
feecds long, black and pointed.

J. K. ESIILEAIAN.

Work for the 3Ionth in Flower (iar.ii a.
Orange and Lemon 'J'rees, I\)m(^granates, Lagcr-
stremias,Abntcilous and such half hardy ornamental
shrubs, as have been standing out should now beta-
bin up immediately, and placed in a dry cellar. Or-
anges and Lemons should be placed wliere there is
no danger oi frost, and to prevcint losing their leaves,
should have plenty of light and a free circulation of

gans — (Jillia Tricolor, slKcald have been sown last
mouth, but if the weather kee*)s open, may still do
on a warm ricdi border; cover up with leaves on ap-
proach of severe weather.

For potting eartli, mix well decayed sods, with
short manure, (Mjual parts of each. Plants in win-
dows should be turiKul around onc(3 a week, to pre-
vent growiiig one sided. Tinndy hints will be given
how to treat jdants through winter.

I

Vegetable <^.:inh n.

- ^ .. I I^ig or plou'j;]i up ground for next v cars crop,

a'r m open weatlier. Should their leaves drop, tliey trenching witJj spade or subsoil plow. The exposure

Will not^ flower the next season. J/ift and i)ot at
once— (Jeraniums, Sa'vias, Heliotropes, and such
otiier plants as are fenacious of frost. If taken up
with care they will reward with bloom, through win-
ter. \'erbenas with good roots, if potte^l and placed
iM a warm room, where they will continue '-rowin'^

to frost and alternate r.^ezing and thawing.m dlowstlie
soilanddestroys weedsand insects. Cut oirAspara;rus
top-! close tv) the ground, and clear out thoreu^'ily.
all weeds. Sjn'ead manure over the bed three inch-
es deep, covering s'igli'ily with earth from the alloys.
These slionld also be manured, the whole to be fork-

... . — '. ■-•--•'- -"^j "«-i V.1JIILIIIU': ^louiii^, iiicsc s.iouiu aiso oe manureu, me wnoie lo ou i'"

Will keep flowering for some time, but i'o): this pur- 1 ed in and spaded in spnng. Take up and securo b

I

The sale of the ►•^eioto Importin;: Company s Cat- i^ nn-
o 1 ^- 1 • 1 i. i. 1 1 r /ii -I- ''all I ippm,

t!3, aivertised in our last paper, took place at Chili- y ^ ' ' '

cotlie, aceardin-' to appointment, on the 7th instant, c' \^

, /. ,, ^, ui 1 • -^ f 4i 1 • I I summer lloi^o,

and far the numl>er, weaitii and spirit (^f t!i" bnlders, o

. . ^waar

and the hi<rh i)riees obia nc 1 for the aniin.iN. we ,. ' ' '

•nuht wli:»ther this sale ha- *'\ -r JKjen equall'l m !b«' ,v, o i t^ ^
i: •. , t:* ^ White >»oek-no-r iirtber

L nitcd ^tates. ,.;-. . , ,,

>V ine Ai»pl(\ or ilavs,

ANIMALS SOLO, PRICE AXIi NAMES OK PURCH ASERS. ' W' y

Fur Pedigrees see Catalogue in Ohio Cultivator, '' " ' ' '

f)ct(d)er 1.

NoBLEMw, 20 months, $2,oin, d. \',;nmeter, Pike = » ,..v

county. lAnana.dKte,

MT> .1 10IA ri n Andrews,

„: 1 . ,, ' " h •111'' laen-at :\ >■ -t r m

nioK, senior, iioss c(uint\. ,. .

boRi) Nelson, 2 V(; irs, sJ,^2 », d. L. .Myr^, 1 ay- -n - r v •

otto count V. ,, - >• » ,

All.: :;m \\. .', V'Mi-s. ^l.l b', A \\ addle, Clark ro. ,, . ,,

''\'-ii, !■» , J I HI )ntb-,>l, l't'> -M. L. >iilh\ant. 1- rank- ,.,1 1
iin coniit\ . ,, ,.. '^ '

'.OUM 1-Mir.\i, 11 ne-ntb-. >'2.1,o. N. I\-a-i!l. ,. , . ^ ,,•
pi- . ■ I > 'aril aai s >ee(ilinj;,

Minten (oiuitv. I IX AfVi,

Ym.v \u I 1 .1 ci-o \ w ^^ Doyenne dhte

loiN'; WiriTTiNGTON, II months, SloO, A Watts, t.. - • 1 i> ,,
R«»s county. Umusl. I$.auty.

R.S.N., Sl-n, 8 month,,, $1,300, G. \\ , liorrodtl,, , l;!^; n,,rr^ ,f i,;,,,,,,

ociotocountv. T - n it

T.,,„ o " ocAA /< w ,- i» 1 Louis«' Ii aine do Jersey,

ISAAC, z years, ^bOO, <x. \\ . i*v<'j:'^, i hkawav co.

Moss Rose, (cows,) G years, >^l,20i), A. Waddle, |

Clark county. ; j^ j

Strawberrv, 4 years, i? 1000, G. W. lb niek, Ross |';^ *' p ,
county. I ^'"o^ r^ariy.

RAsrnFRRY, 2 years, fil,100, G. ^V. Cregg, Piekco. !
'"^''NRisc, :\ TcaVs, 55;i,2:]n. .] I. \ anmeter. Pike co. ! l;""*^"^^',"' ,
Makv, 2 years, $1,050, Al.x. Wa^ldle, Clark co. I ^'^^'^y \ nAuL
J'A'ciiAVTREss, 2 years, .S'.mmi, Alex. Ketiiek, P '^'^ eo,
l^M'E B(»NNET, 2 years, §1,223, Felix, W. lb-nick, Bergen's V-llow.
"ick county. " \ Cooledge's Favorite,

, The foregoing embrace all of the recent importa- I ('rawford's Late,
^'•^n, e.tcept one young Hull, Adam, no^ yet recover- Early York, serrated,
<^<1 from the effects of the voyage, and which is to be
8oM within thirty days. It is at the farm of M. L. ' Early York, large,
^ulhvant near this city. The sixteen animals sold i George the IVth.

l/ei V A !']'!'',

Purina",

ib'il Astrachan,
llli«>de Island (ireening,
iloxbury Kusset,
And for jjuiticular lo-
calities.
Cana I iP."],
Ksopus S[>itztinburg,
Newto^^ n Pippin,
Nnrtlcrn Spy,
Y(dlow HclleFleur.

I'LAU.-^.

Ma I'leine.

I * ira ii-'- li' A u'lMinne,

S.'.-kJ..,

i yson,

I rl ani^te,

I 'sfij.tl.''-^ S;. ( baaiiiun.

f'O" bakinj:.
^'l^•al• I 'i' \\ nikii"l'b
AVibiam-' Poiejreli'-n or

i'.artl.'tt,
Winter \''ba.
And fur particular lo-
ralitie.f.
Orcy n lyenne.
White I ''VCT'ne,

ACIilf oT-.

31u«irpark,

NECTARINES.

Elruge.

PEACHES.

(irnspe Mi<fn(>niie,
Muia-i- W liite.
Old .Nli\. n Free,
And for particular /o-
calitieit.

Health Cling.

'><A*'..

FIUqT-IIOIlTlCULTUJUL S0( IKTIKS.

X

"vrvnrr

PLUMS.

llloockcr's fiii'^p.
LnvroiK-e's Favorite.

iJ.iU'k Fa;:;lo,

15 lack Tartarian,
l>.)\viH'r'y liate,
J >v)\viitun,

Vddcr 67(/.s\f,
15lai*k II iial>urg,
lilai'k l*rin(!n,
lilack Froiiti;j:nan,

Peaiisylvaiiia IlorihaMural Sotlety. ^**
J*ur]>]e (tdcro, \ Th<» stated incftint!; of this So.'ii^ty was h..},!

INirplt* Fav()rite, Tuesday evenin;^, Oi't(»l».'r I'J, IS.V2, In the L'^t^"'

^V■a^liih;:t( 11, II Mnn (>r tlie Musciim lUii diiitr, lMiihi(h«lp},i;^ T

A/i'I Jor pnrliruhiv /v-^''»|»e in th('('h;iir. Tlic d;s[t!;iv l;()n^ist(•d of fi
<-<iliti(s. I Fruits tmd B uKpn-ts. Th ? prLMnmnjs a\vardo(l ^^f?

Imperial <I:>';o, I as follows: By the Cominitt.^o on IMants and yC''

era. ''^^'

For the best ]»on(piet; for tli«' 1>e>t haskot of \

CHERRIES.

Fdton,
Karly Jllchniund, for

c(»okin;r,
<^»raffion or ]iiii;arrena,
Kni<;ht's Karly Black,
.M;iV J hike.

(iRAVES.

A\ hit'' I'i'ollt i .' !l;lM,

AViiit- Mm-, lit Mi- Alx'a,
Catawha,

ors

.a

'D.
r.

'in

tJliasstdas d(» Fontalneldcau, IsabeUa,

(iri/,/,lv Frontijjinan,

Fa8t«)lf,
Franconia,

Boston I^ine.
Hovey's See lling,

F>la(<k Naples,
May'H Victoria,
lied Diicli.

RASrnLRRlES.

Jlod A ri( w . 1-p,
Yellow .\nt\\erp.

STK A WHERRIES.

eTonnov's Soedllnir,
liar;r(? K irlv Scarlet.

CURRANTS.

White Dutch,
Wiiite Grape,

Crown IV »b,

Fiarly Sulphur,

(ireon (lage,

liaurel,

lied ('hampa'^no,

NEW VAltlFTIES U

GOOSEBERRIES.

Gro'vi \\';i!nut,
llouirhton's Seedlini:,
Iron-jn<»n^(T,
Warrin<]i;t('n,
Woodw'dsW iiit(sSmitii.

'<;i im:<).ms>i: )vi;ll.

ATl'LES.

Autumn Bough,

llawley,

Melon,

r>! andywine.
I^raiide's St. ( ierin:\liij
li'.'une < liilard,
<Jhancellor,
Doyenne Boussock,
Dovenne (loubault,
Duchesse d'Orleans,
Duchesse de Bcrri,
DiUer,

Mother,
NOrti

<i

li-

lt Til • ji\.

■ ,-Ib'U^o.

\'\: \\\<.

M iiMiin.::'^ I'/li/.aho(i>,

,\i)ii\('au I'oltcaii,

< hion(iai:;'>,

Ott,

Pratt,

Paradise d'Automno,

St. Michel Archange,

Steven's Grjinessce,

Jalouise deFontenay Vendee, St^iTw^l MaihliMiie,
Kirtland, A'aii Asscnc.

PLUM^.

McLangblln, lliver's Favorite,

Prince's Yellow Gage, St. Martin's l^uetche.

CHERRIES.

Biggarrcau Monstreuse de ]>a-

vay, Jteirie llcjrtcnse,

Early Purple Guignc,

GRAPES.

Diana

RASPBERRIES.

Knevett's Giant.

STRAWBERRIES.

Burr's New Pine.

1 flowers, and f-ir a h i-^k'^t iA' indii^enous flo^v
: special premium, all to Th:)mis >! 'clian, frj^rj"',!;
i to r. <'<>pe. °

I Tiie (V.nnnltte<>, with pleasure, notice twu n.^T-
\ plan:s. th' (\<ncr'! /<ih'/n/i,/. U'nm ('. < a)pe's collMctii.D
au'l th" )f'i'-in^-i>,'rnvtin h'd/onoi.lr.-t^ fiMuj J>^ Kih-inr
toil'-. i-aiM- I liMin s '.'d, (,!)tain(d from the iM.rrlo"
of T(»xa<. a b'VMii iliil jihuit.

Th<' Ciiumitlee (.11 I' r nit- report that tin ro -^yj,, ,j
very !iir' disr.lay of _l\'ars an 1 Apples, and aomi} (f
th":ii <! delicious kinds.

FiiARs. — V.^r t!i(' h.-sr t\vfdv(> specimens, Duchesse
d'Ang'»ul"ine. tt> Th(ima;s Meidian, jr u'dencr to C
('"p". I' "■ the secoiid b(^>•t, tlie Moulie b;)uclie, t)
Thomas 1*. James.

AiM'i.Es. — For the }>OHt tW(dve to,\. W ii(,p, f„j.
GoldiMi i'ippin variety. For the second hr,>it().I. H.
Watts, K Chester, for St. fiawrenee variety. Ani
special ]»reu\in!ns fi^r Black H amhuig iiiid Muscat
Grapes tn !!. \v. S. (Cleveland, and for fine Beum
d'Ar- niberg !*ears to P'ranci^ douin, gardener to Mr«
J. P.. Smith.

Tlie ('«'nunitteo notice a fine display of Pears fmra
Mrs. Smith; adish of Bavay lleiiu^ Clauile Pluni«.
from (). Gope's hou-^es; and speeimons of the Diaiu
(irape, from i>. V. French, ]?rnintrce. Ma:'S.

I'lui.AOKia'iiiA, D.i. I'.), 18.V2.

To the Presiilent of the l*ennyylvania llortieuiti;-
ral Society.

The Fruit Gommittee ref^peclfully present the fol-
lowing ad interim rej-H)rt:

On the 2<)th of vVugnst, they received a basket of
the most beautiful specimens of the Tyson Pear thfj
had ever seen. Th(^y were from tlie grounds ut tlu'
oriiilnator. Mr. dontithan Tvson, and were of an un-
usually lav'^e -!/.> ao 1 d.iii-ii w- flavor.

Fvoin SaniM' 1 (lit. (ni the lii^t of Auuiist, fin^
S]i.M';iii ■!,- 'if t'li" Ott, iK.t-t d''l;>'i' 'i!<. Tin. .Jdlionnp.
an.dth'Mill'r A.[«['ii', :i [dea.'-a!!! ap['!", ';1' u 'lark,
ci'iii!^' lU color.

On t'lo of .\i:ga-r. a h.-Ji 'ii-iei of the B<-

haiiiia!! Apple was received li'ai; Lewis >aMinl' rs of
Gras- 11 'I!. !<■ ntucky, acc(UTipani.',i !.y a letter to the
President, a de.«cription of the liohannan, and an
interesting communication on th > season. TheK
Ap])les were unfortunately In a bad condition whrn
they came to hand. The specimens were of larp
i size, and tine appivvranee, but so many of th<Mvi wen
j in a state of ]'irti;il or comph'te d-^cay, that tii»' .ter
of those thai ifinained sound wat niaterially impair-
ed. On two foiiO' I- occasions, however, we have had
an opportunity of seeing and tasting specimens of f
this d(digh'!ijl apple, from the groundA of ^1:" i^an'
dis, which ciiables us to endorse all that he says id
its favor

Oct. 5th--Froin Mr. il irtwell, fine specime»s of
Wintrr \olis, Glout Morceau, Figue, Urbaniste ant
Beurrc d'Aoi'»n, all true to na)ne, , .

Oct, Tih— Fioni d. ^Yarncr Johnson, five varieties
for names, the labels having been lost. No. I;^^ i
consider Louise Bonne de Jersey. No. 2, UrbRBi^«- (
No. 3, Duchesse de Angouleme, No. 4, Napoloon ^
No. 5, the Old Jalouise.

f

llOPTlfTT.TFRAE SOGIKTIES.

2.10

Oct 'hh— Froiu James 11. Watts, of lio(dieHter n ' liv V w i» i /• !■ .» .

...eontaingthe Sheldon Pear, and S, Lawrnn'ea,v nnlin '^ '' ^ITI'-, '-olden P.ppu. ; Fall Pear-

j,,,,. The latter will be seeu at thr. m-eting of the By Mrs. Krider, Butter r>ear.

S.K'icty on the I.) h. I he p.ears were too npe to keep By M. Suyd.r. Fall i>ipi iu ap'„les

Jill that tmi.'. aud were in .pial.ty "good;" somewhat , liv Mrs. (lallip, tiue (>!ii„o. 's ' ' '

,ntty at the c-ore, ar.l abounding in hlgi> flavored From J. Ans;n.h, very large Tomatoes f^-on, a

j^lw P>fh_From Gh irlo. K. <]nr ir r i ^'' n'^ V" ''.'''^ '"?''' ''"'^ ''' ^''^'^ '" «drcumference.

0,T. Uth I . ni ( I arl s K.'>s]or,of boa<i,n-, a box By Anthony F.-lt.,,, Jr., a display of vcrotahles
r.,nt:uningmostb<'autilulspecunens(d 12 varieti..s of Oa motion adjourned '^y «'i >< o' tablLH.

rippl.'s, 2of ptMrs, anda fine, n;,„,dsi/a.Ml, and well til-, 'VunM,< l> Kut-. r? c

vl.U hhie lall plum. Th<. apph's ^vere chh-fly seed- ' ' '"''' ^^"''- ^'''^

lin;;.. among whieh were the lI^Mster, Yorl., Fall PEWS \ l.\ A M A lioii; ICL L 11 .LVESOGIITV

.[ 'PI. _i^
nxm<>< The pears were the Beading an<l th<' J),.v
(Mine Bl 10''.

Fi-"m Sanm ! /-ilr r

I ; I ■ : i 1 1 ' ■ 1

The stated Mie!ting (»f this S ,cieLy was h-I 1 .ii ti..,
AiiMe^<» Saloon, oa Tii"<.lav evrriin-- "U' in^tM.r

Oct. I i I' r"m >aniM I /-ilr r. nf i;';i.llii;_r.
KfiM'^T, II 'ltii:-eus a:i<l X^n - i!rli ;i
sufti'"icnll\ I iji • to tt'^r.

Oct. 1.') — From [;. \. I'l-.-in-h, d i;:Mi;

. M,. 1 itt'TSM,,. pn.si,|,.nMM t'p.rhair. 'j n.^ nnnutps
"' ''"• '■'•'_io.'.!!ii.; v\.T.. r,.,i,|. •pi,;, i,,.^j,_, , •

Srhnii

'oeetuig, there was n . ^lisplay, yH (;, .:•!,.,,•
Oct. 1.)— n-on. r.. \. 1 r.-ndi, ..A KraimPM. M-^s. ,• ''" '"' '"^.''d .a tine .lisph, v ,.t' ,-ut Hc-ilin;; j ,.j

a Imx containing il.. ^atawba, Isabella and Plana '?r' ''''■•' '' '^''"1. ^'''^'T' i'"'' ' ''"'^"
.rapes, the latter much superior t . theGatawba ^'if •;^l>'*''"i .ns of s-nel ,r 1 varieties.

1

The Ghair state 1 that it gave lii., iiiindi satisafi.-
tioii to announce t a' !h' I,;' 1 r(!ceiv. 1 rli-iirst <io-
iiatiou in money evia* prosiaited to the Society, tlie

^'>ii, :i iianiher of

III" rr|„,rr of t',,; (J,,inmili • Cr awarding premi -
uiii. a; th ? 2bii Exhibition, were real a.-i 1 !^ | ,;,.<• j
as follows, vi/. : ' '

Mrsri a ili : i im vi;, Sept. j ',. |s ;0^

fo favored.although situated in a wealthy community I s a : ' ■ T\ "' \ ' '"'''^"'L '^T.-' ^'' ^' *-''''' =^'''
\h hoped that this was the begintiin,^ of a new era, : on '(' .rl. .''i <lT :}'''''';r' ^-'fi^^i:, parti-col-
an.l that our institution would T.e enabled to extend T ' • ^'"''^^" ^''^\'''\^'''- AV;'v-hor the best dis-

Fliuwingthe 'J;M birj ..fA!,.. \ j.-toria In t!
boquetof conef

' I display in Hower, to Tli on t-^ Ilohertson, <rai h n.,- to
""""^'•"^••^ II. In-er.w!I; ir: }!,. ,, 1 l,est, to Wi!i;,nillall.

iiii- 11 ■. !m Tlpaim

// //'/// /•.'/•./ ./i\ I'll

«''h I ' I'nist. l>< stilt,

jhnr. ,.<. r/r.— f.,!- i;,,. |,,..t. r. I', ■(.•;■

: I'-r the

dio bani-

l'"i- fh(^

best formed of .Musses aiel lyichens, to itobert E^^ee.

boquetofeonef.rMi.Mrnani.a,.. lwiihil.,a.MlM./hranA,- r.W/" f.u-' 1 1, \ ''>h ,^ ''

tiv.fi'll^^'^" '^ >;'-''^'"-, ;^-'-"" >■ " '■• Co,.,.

Duchess .!-.\u,.,„|,.„„, |!.l|,. ,|,. s,. M „■„..„. h^v- ' ,." ' r ;''.'''■''■'■•''';-'';'■ '-, ;■;-'■

jnne si.-uiu, (ii,„n M „■,. .„,. I! „,,■,. .V ::u:^j... iV; 7 //V'^r,:;;,' K 7 /■ T' ■ '

liaini.-i \' ,,, M IP «i .» • •? tti,i.l I.' . to -Mam !'•<■ r Mill. ( ,:i,vj"ie«r to J<

fce'^pl^''-- '''-'''-■ ^'-^-^^^ Ua-t i.r.ie.t.n,ah I.., t, .l.hn K mnier.

l^^\!^\^ '''^''' '^ ^"''^^' '^''''^ ^'"^^ i '^'^^'^"^^^ ^^^^^h'^"' f"'^ thesecond best, to II. A. Dreer;

Bv il W \ ri , 1 1 r !» 1- . c I forth- f hir^l h.-st, to Tlnain- MAian;for tli- 1 t

buMches < ( I, .; ''-■^*''^^'"/- A^ E>Tl.ngton, very fine ■ f-,,,.,,,,.,, ,,(■ •„„,,.„,„,,, „, ^,, ^^^^

bunH.e,<,f-the li-'in^ ; ^''T''''^\ ^^^^;'^^^";^';^^^' /' -r.-For the l;est P. Maek-o./.e; lor thesecond
tawh. 1. 1!' ^^^'" (•' «^^•'^^'^^n^) i^abella and Oa- i, ,,, to Thomas Meehan; for the third best to Robert

tawha grapes.
% S, J. Dick, Isabella grapes.

% -J il. Watts, of Rochester, specimens of the
^t. Lawrence apple.

% Thomas p. James, pears, M.aillc Bouche ; 12

i^uehpsse d'Angouleme, weighing ISoz., l.")^>z., 14i

J, ■' \*- ^^•' i2j uz., 5 of which W(dghing nearly 4jf

^^' St. Dennis; Brown and Yellow Beurre. Also.

piuins-Frost Gage, October, &c.

% A. Parker, Butter Pears and Pots of Chrysan-

Kilvington.

Sprriid Premiums — To A. 1 > ry h u rgh, .?.') 00, f,,r a
design; to 488, §2 t)0, for a design: to Urdiert Egee,
$2 00, for a design: to l'i\i I For«.^ussen, S2 00, for
a design: to ANiu. Saithworij. .^1 (mi for a desi"-n; to
Mrs. M. \'u kirk. >I <"'. fer a 'hvsigu.

Til. < ' iiiMiittee on (Oapes report that they }ia\-e
awarded the following [iremiums, viz:

Graprs, (native,) for the best named collection, to
Isaac B. Baxter; for the second l>est, to Enoch Rol>-
erts; for the best six bunches Isabella,to John Stokes;
for the second best, to L. Chamberlain; for the best six

ti»'' %, '

■ • '"Si

yy^.

■m

^

^Ji»«f1ii

i^

m

240

iioiiTicn/rrrvAL soriKTiKS.

No

VF,V

])inu;hcs Catii\vh:i, to W. W. Dorr: loi- tl»" s.-cMud Itcsi, ^ tli ; l> 'st oii m> 'ck, t ► .N. tLohniii. lor i'all l^p))in•f
to Stacy Si'<»tt; f(»r tlu'ln'st KlsinUor.ui;:;!!, t > I*. TvialM!: I t'lo sf^ m nd h.Mt, t > N. Il)linin, Minion's IJlush- f^
lor tlie seoon<l h 'st, to Xaoiui I)Muiis; for tiw^ \)^'M ol" i}i(> ])i»>;t s!:( '^pM^invn** of a iiviii^ I var"p'}v. tt M \
iinoilicr vari'ty. (sofMllinLT.) to li'.oyd .Jon<v-; for tli<' rulton. lor (fP'^on's (Mi »ii*:^: f.r tli.; sncond host to th
K!MM)n(l l)Ost, to .lolin Sit 'r. (For(>iii;n,) fo:- th<' I)'"*! fuMt, i-»t^r S v > ^t-^. AV'/.v — I' or th^ 1) Mt t\volv»» ST^anj.
namcil colltM-lion. to (ri»orti;(^ La/(jn)»y, i:;ar(l<»nor to |). mons to-l. -1. Sliol)' »: for t!^-^ spkvxvI b;\-it to Wilii^jv,
S. IJrown; for tlio s'hmmhI l)<'st, to Willi.uii John^: fo.- ' Hall, (i'dw-y — For tlv^ ])"<♦■ hilf-p"ok, to J. K;l(ii.
til • Ix'st thnv 1)UiicIh;s II unhiirij;, t't 11. W. S. Clt^v'- boi-ri: for tin' Sf'ron.l l)»st, to li. ('Iiainlxa-hiin.
laul, f or t!»o S'^'^ond l)^st, to fjo'iu Itili'V, jjjar.lf'ncr at j Sit^'^i'il pr<'ini>tn}< \' )T intt»rt'-t,in<^ sp»»'im-»ns of

Th'> (Viinniitt:^^ oii N'l'if^^-'t-aM'-'s r-^no'-t ;h I'.llow^- .
/^''/.'o-",' — FiH* tlio b^-^t on-^ Inish I tn Tlioinan Vei-

Iiisano Asv'iini: for tli«'» l)Ost W'liit > .^IllS(•at. t o II. i>. dI'm oxhib^'Ml. of two 'loilars oai^h, viz — to I),tvi<| M.l.
TililvMi; lor till' lj"st FroiU|i:un(*, to ii. B. Tii.!- ri; lor | I't, -Ir.. f»;- II". varioMc-s: to .John Pi'rkiiis for <)2 w
tin* sccon.l b"st, II. W. S. (Jl;'V(^lan 1: lor lb-; b 'st of; rietlcs ; to (.M»orL^'» U. Dtvicon, Ibr f»;^. variotcR; t()P^^
anotluir vari«'ty, swoot wat»M*, ♦• 11. 15. Till mi: (or tlio ! s«>n< k Co., for \1 varietios ; to A. Fro-it k Vo. for 4;;
soooiid bust, tb(^ F'ranlcontbal to Joliii Ilili-y. Tho I varlctic^J.
(Jomniitt<'(; notice tlirco l)UiK*ht's of ^jjrcat si/*:, of llic
variety of AV'bit*^ Syrian, brou;;-ht in too laic, but for
wbicli thoy award ji s|)"fial prrininin 1" two dollar.-^,
to A. J. Sniilb, «.;ard('ii(!r of Kdcn II ll.

The Committivi on stone fruits rt^spictfully r<'p )rt
that tlu^y have awarded the foUowiii'j; ]>romiuni> :

I\'.ii''/ics — For tlie bestoiie busb-^l, (Crawfor<rs lato AVi'li no
^I daeotan,) toKniinor 11 )berts: for the seci>nd le^st, to j Atithony i'''lr»M'. d ;•. : forth' sec md b.'sr, to Jumo;
1. 'P. II lines: f.)r the third liest, t ) J. (\ Chirk: Hir : Jone^, (lard-nier at ''.'riH C ,11,. —. f/,m/.v— Fo*
tlio b«st peck, to Isaac 15. Daxtcr: for t!ie ^"oon I b vst ' the bi'sl one do'/^n to A. Fi'lt-'o, d i*. : for thn seoon.;
(seodlinL!; free,) to J. 0. Clark: for the bi^st one do/(^n, b'^st. a dilfer'^it vari«»ty, to the f,amf\ Sal.<lfi/^Y<^r
(Uark<'r'^s seedlin;::;,) to C. X. llarker; for the second th" b'^st to d rn'^-i Jon'»s ; for tlie second best to
best.(\V^ard's lato free.) to Isaac Webster. AVc/'t ;•<??, y: N. ll.lman. ()/uir}'<—\uK' the best thr<»G dozon td
for the l)estone (lo/.en.(lv'd 11 )man,)to Tiioinas Mee- G.^orn;e I). Parisii ; for the se-Muid best to A. Fdt^n,
ban, ^^ardcner to C. Cope: for tho second b«^st, (El- ir. CaJMir^Vor t!i- best <^i.^ heads to William
ru;;e,) to II. 15. Tilden. /V?/.vi.s-— for the ]>esttwodo-. llamilL «r irdener to C. II Fisli^r ; for tho second
zen, (Golden Drop.) to Wm. Dorris; for the second h-<, t > II Miry 15 >lt'^'>;-, gardener to C. Vezin ; for th"

bci. t> <ri».)rT' ^^' . II ''to • : 1 '!• iIh' \,-^' Amncan
Seedlin', tod I'm d. di'nnin'.rs: f>r i'k b ■• ^^^^^
one bush<'l. I > d esse Kanibo : for tii' s-xjond hf'st, h

fi^rfs — \\rr fh > li -t liue dozf^n t'

Cooke.

Parsons k Co., for tiio b-'st Seck^d. one peck, to T<;ru'
Hccvcs; for the second l)est, to N'. /"lly: for th" ^
six sptcini'Mis of another namvl \ iri "\. fCliM!!

iM'St

-t AV:v

;iin-

to Joseph Greene; for the second
to Isaac 15. Baxter. F'oreirrn — For Hm- best collection,
named varieties, to Marshall 1'. WlMo-: r..r the sec-
ond best, to Ehva,n;2;er & Barrv: for the best Doyen-

Clcv'lind. r-!,,>i:\-iH ■-- \'.>v t!i." iM'^t to William
llaTnill. ir.ivd 'leT to<'. II. Fi-hrr: for the second 1«^
toC. W." II .liii '. \r,/./,',f,\^—Vn-\\\'^ b'^st (li«^plij
by a in irk-"; - ir.lco*--.' to Antlp.nv F-'li.n .Ir. : for
the second bo^t to S uoe 1 Coi|h i- ; jor
private gardener to I 'Im liilev, lmi'I-d'T

• ■ ■ li.i : fe- iM.> second' b -t to dairv'S JoiK^'
(ib-a-d (^>lle^^o : Imi- the ihinl b^ft l»

tir

best, m i,i;nuni bonuni, io R d)ert l*arbani. MJ'ms— • be-<t re 1 Dut<di to Williaui llnindl, ^rardcncr to C. H.
for the best three, to Thomas Mechan, ;^ardencrto C. ' Fisher: f.r tln^second be^t to Thorn is Kihw. ir^udpn-
Cope; forthcsocond be:,t, toStacvS'-ott. If'/Vn//"/- ' nr to (r. A\'. Ciirpenter. J.-Hnrr—Vor the best nix
o;j.s-—f)r the best mountain sweet,Vo Ilichard Ddve; for I heads to Anthony F.dt ^n, Jr.; the sect nd hM i.
the second best, to Stacv Scott; f)r the second best of Th nna^ M-i;bran. '^inb'ner to K. C^mobu^. CW^ry
another varietv, (Spanish.) to . ; —For t!ie b^^t si:c ^hmts to danv^ d .n-s; f)rthow-

The (%)ninrrttej recommend :i special premium of i on 1 best to John llil-v. irarden'-r at th<- Insano A«t-
$2 00 to Wm. Cammack, of Wa«^h'.n-t on city, f)rone ' bim. Kju Plants— Voy the best six fruit to Thomi^
peck of verv superior Peaches, (ll-eve's late yclllow) Kineck ; for the second best to Charles Lnt/. Tomv.
which arrived too late for compctitbm. j o*s'— For tb « b-st one p'-ck to Willnun 15 rr.v <;tf

Tho Committee fn- awardin;: premiums on IVara ; dener to Alfred Cope, for the second besttoJaraei
at the Annual Exhibition, respectfully rep^u't that ' M. Ti-'. Tor/i— For the best three dozen t^ 11
they have awarde.l the fdl.'winj^ premiums : Davis, <rardoner to S. Mason: for <b" second be'tt

i\ar.v, (Xative).— For the best colleetiim, nam-l A. F.-lt.-n. d .-. V^^/ro^r y/^/W/f.v— lor th- pMhF*
varieties, to TI)Mni:w Hanccx'k; for the second best, to to Jo^o^.b ( i. T ;'- : for tl,- ^-.^ond Iv-t to II- > • •

th

bcst^TS
;ir tho In-

I

san'

A>

nc Blanc, one peck, to George Li;;-n;ett; for the second j^ardener at

Lest, to Mrs. Gum; for the best half-peck of a dilTer- Thoma . Me-hran. -irdener to K. C.)rneliu>. n

rnt varietv, Beurre d'Anjou. to William (A.flin: for —For the best display to Vrancis Parker^^n ; lor

the second best, Pucbesse d'An.u-(mleme, to H. W. ^. ' second best to A\ . V. . D"rr.

Cleveland; for the best six specimens of anotiier nam- ^S^./^c/V// /*/-e,/7/>njK— Fi)r disy>lay of v-c:etal)le«. o

cd variety, I5artlett, to TT. 15. Tilden: for the second : t-vvo dollars to Wm. B,irry, (Jard.mer t • A. ( ope ^ '

best, Flemish Beauty, to Wm. Cofiin, j committee notice ?ome line Mexican pumpkins ar.

Special IWmiums'. — For a disb of the Lod^^e to j pquashes.
Wm. Jones; for (me of the Kin^ses^ino; to Isaac B. | j^^^ ^^^^ p',.,j;|. Committees, a special preraiuni
Baxter; for anoth(>r, of the Duchesse d'Au,2;ouleme. ; ^^^^ j^j|^,^^ Medal, to Townscnd Glover, for a. dW^:
to Joseph p]wen,and one of tlie St. Michael Archangel | ^^ ^.j^^, ^j.^j-j. nioJ(»|s.
to IT. W. S. Cleveland. . \ ,^^^^ Secretary called th.' atooit.on of the SViotr i

Tho Committee for awarding premium^ on An

Schedule that coir

1K.V2.1

^"^MTK FAIR.

Ol' c<»iMUTi:i:s \ I im:\>v| ,

VAMA STATi: I All;.

241

ACJIICI l/niiAL l.MPl.KMKXT-, (*|,\SS No. I.

TlM- Coiumitt.M' (,n AgricultuiMl Iniphancnts Clas"

Slrrr.'tt, of Juniata county, prnsented two furrow
pl.)ughs, for plowing in grain. AIIpmI Hlakcr of
<u::'frTi^ presented a v.ry lin. bar sh-ar plow.

''i"\\ IS \v(dl con-

liai"'' adi] iiiL' leiiiji
ii('^li;iii\ ciiiii-

A^'

1-1

ofbo'M

exprc— t!i

a inihii l:;i

tlie second premium <»f S.'). Tin
titriK^tcd, its shifiijiL!: p"int of tip
to its worth. To 1 1 i!| a Sjh h , ,,t
ty, for thei^r ni,,. I,,,,-- • ir ei plnu _\,,. 'J, seroi,,! p,-.-
mi a III of Sd. T.I i'i-,Mi! V ,V IJan-rit, ,»i Pin! i-j-lplii;,
tor their '» lie horse pi ^nn! the fir>t pr- luiiiia nl > .' To
Frouty k Barn^tt, nf Philadelphia, for their dw,,'.!'-
Michigan plow, a preninio. of .<'). This was ti u-

ly plow ot its kui.l exhibited, and isworthv til., aif.u- ,,,..„,,. , , , .
tionof Agrnailturalists !,„• its good (.ualities 'p„ j \'" .'"^''.'''-^^'^ <' Agri.
Ibill .t Spear, of AllegL.nv e,e,M^^. '.•;[;,.'• tl ;: <^''ties y.wort y.f:,
hdl-side inm plow, of juboiraMe ewn.trn.ti.n, a pn- Itcspcethnh, -

miuiu of ^o. [\, Pruuty .v Pinavt;. ,,f Philelrlpiiiu
lor their sub.soil plow, (i .\>,. -. ,h, tir^; nr....M.nii -.j
^'». C. B. Roger.M, of Philadelphia, pn'slaited seve- 1

)iiat(di,

V.mrc.a.nnitteee;,,,,-..,. r.^iram tnan evpre.Hie- 1 1,, ir
regrrt that .,. {,.,, j,;nr.,w.s r.iltiv;it,,r' ;,n I r ^ILts

;iii

"!'I"

'' '"'"'a!'!" rMin;. tin. n, :iin| I,
'!■ Iiop-e that at Mill- MextanniM
Li'i- display will !.■• iii:i(|(..

I 111!

(,'.\

■.i\.' to

ilbition

lea-

"* : ••""iii.itt.'e al.so J....] th)it the exf.rti.ai mi,,]

ergy di>playc.| by our mi hp, nieehanics t- hii
the int.'n-sts of ALcrieulturr.Ls in his many arduou.s

(11 praise,
pectliill;. -irMinih-d by
Til \i \ r K vox,

S-.MI i.I. 11

! I I.M \ \

Al;\ER iUTHKKKokl*.

Committee.

cuiinty, presented a very fine plow, with a fine shift-
ing point— a premium of .S2. John Miller, of Lan-
<:aNter county, a double corn harrow (,r plow— a very
useful article.^ To Savory k Co.. of PhilaJelphia,
ler t lOir hill-sideph,Ny, Xo. 3, second pivmiaia .If Si'.
lo 1 routy k Barrett, of Philadelphia, f,.r th. ir extra
eidtivator-lirst preniium n{S\.' To Savory & (\>.,
'u Ihiladelphia, f.u- their imi)roved cultivator. No
la, second premium ot S2. To Savory k Co., of
iniln.l. f.,i. their expanding harrow. No. 23, first pre-
mium of >\, For their improved expanding harn.w,
l^i^c.ii.l premium of -;2. To Irnr.I ( :,„• I „,. ..f Vurk .-o.!
'•r his lin..!y construrt.'.l r,. !!..,•. and tie- muIv nur .'x-
liil'ited— the first pnaniuia mT .s,,. y\,, (i,,i-.i,,n '

pre.serited a most ingeniMu^lv eon<fr(i.-'..i oei
'»r harr

l;or th.. best drilling machine f.^r grain and grass
t.) S. it ^l. Pcnnoek, of Chester county, for their drill
-N". Pb.SK). For the second best drilling ma.diino
V-n v"''^'^ '^ fl iht,of Cecil county, Md., f.r their

1 Au-'V ''''' ^■'* ^''"' ^^^^ '^^'•'^^ ^"^" planter, to Sam-
uel V, itherow, <»f A.lanis county, f.,r machine No. 17,
a drill with a jJow niel grain shoe, ^1. W^y \,f.^[
niowingaml naiping ma.-hlne, to Abner Th.anpson
(d Mitbncounty, f.r .MeC,,rmie's lb"ap<^r, So. IVJ $]()'
For second best, to Ibairy Sullenbcrger, of Datlpidu'

al-'i

row, to which 'he attaeh.Mi a rhaiii a'li 1 rol'^r
I '>ur Committee do. mi.
prtMiiluni of .'<lV |r

ry .^uiieiii>erger, oi j>»au|i
county, for M.innys Reaper, $o. For best h-.r
to ^\ illiiiii Johns(.n, of Chester(!ounty, fji- j',.i;..

<\\'\i\:: imIo', .\m. ji'.. s|. |\,r- !,cstox yr.ke

rake,
nock's V'\

[' 'h-.^iitvA i;,haM!. ..r r.'ola l> lo!o' 1. r..r yoke \o.2d^
^■' ''■ 1" hest Ln-aio .i-.i-II •. • , jb-nrv U'.Jfe, of Vork

h'

tiii^ puiv.'nzer ^VMr:ll\

, ori^rjiiii j(, i(;y coii-i nietion,

'•na wrll adapte.l to the wants of Agri^uironsts.

»". Kote, of Lancaster count3^ pi'osente.l i patent

"'^^I'low, peculiarly adapted to plowing out pota-

lo/^S and many (.tlier useful purposes on tlui farm.

>>"!. Dnjger, (,f Vork, Pa., presented a fine subsoil

P^'Av and cultivat..r. ilall k Spear, of Alleghany,
•^vcral very fine iron plows, simple in constru.-tion
'"»d well calculated to do good work "
'•^ '>^. Saumel Withrow, of Adani> c^amiv, pre^.mt-

dir>

hri'iiiiu!!!

, county, to- lii. eradle \o. 2, Sl'. For best farm wa'r-
t :i on, to To aii:,. C,-t.T. ..r Philadclpliia, r,-, ,I;n,Mp;te'
wagon Xo. .;;, .s^. l\,r b.'.^t (.x cart, to Israel b no-
b Tue, of Chester county, $S. S..me embarra.s>m(ait
WIS experienced in de.'iding upon tho awar<Is f.rtlie
drilling an 1 j lanting maeliines, in conse(pien<'e (vf
the large numb"r exhibited, which, in t!ie opinh.n of
th" committee, possessed nearly equal claims, so that,
nothing short of continued u.se could settle tiieir re-
f^pe^tive merits decisively.

For the best horse cart, to A\';n'n,i Gerrecht, of
Lan.^ast(;r f.r cart No. 18, .^b. For best cart gears,

'^l a self:.ban.'n " nl' 1 r ] " \\ ^''"iT ! ^'''^''^'^^^^ ^'>'- '^'^ ^^- 1«, ^^>- ior best cart gears

'^••iHian , n r ^ "' ''"'i '"^^ '^'>»;[? to William (ierr.Mdit, of Lancaster, f.r cart '-ears No

^^'in^nn^J^^ presented a hne self- 22, made bySchaffer k Son, .SL ^^

pr.' nt"^^^^^ ^ ^''^^^^ ^ ^^:'''''\^ ^f Philad.dphia, ^ j. c. Crkssov ]

m^ Vr''' ^^"'^''^- ►Samu-l Plank and Jacob Bow-
fino'' ;^'^'"'j"rland county, presented several very
made'^'" h*'^ ''^"'^ <^"»tter S(.d plows, strong and well
cnrn* 1 '''^' Wolf, of Lebanon county, presented a

An.\M IIlK^T,

Wm. M' C.\ux.

J

CoQim'dtee.

cornnk,,^,, \} "r ^-■^'^""' .^"""^>' P^'^'^"te<ia| AGRICCLTCKAL IMPLFMFXTS, CLA.'''«'S \o T
V^'^^^^!t^Z ^""' ^^^^^''' 7f 7^ ^''^t the We, the nn.lersigne.l committee, clas.s N.^:).',; a
J»'^tly entitle It . n ^'" •"" ' % '^ wouhi have been Agricultural Iinplem^mts, make the f .llowing report •
^^,,,, >, ; »'titlul t.) a premium. Savory & Co., of Phib Henry Young, <.f Wyoming county, ona railn.a.j

horsepower — a dipb.ma. Martin II, Cornell, of Bucks
county, horse power and threshing machine— a di-

j^,!,,]". ^' ^" ii premium. r>avory

I'JiM, presented several very line self-sharpening
improved plows, of different models. William

242

STATE FAIR.

II u.pioma uacoh iviiiiu-er, ol l.an- , Th^ Coinmitteo on A-ricultunil liui.l.'ments\i *

corn yhollor and ool> separator, b^ | No. 4, after cart^fiilly attending to tho dutioa immil!!

i''^''.''~'\ ' i*'"^'^- '^"^''^ KilHn.-or, | upon thnn. snhmit the follovvin^r, viz : ^ ^^

To William Dincree, York county, for bestportabl k
Hay PresH, $20. The name jijentlcrnan also exhibited
a horse power hay lurk, which is, in our o[>iiiion ^
article of «^reat utility, and \V(? Would HtroiLrK- roo'.l
itH use. Joseph l5rued.>rly e\hibitetl two hhak-
in.ij; forks, for which we award a discretionary premi"

ploma. O. C. M. VJams, ot Lancaster cit\, one straw i AlilUCU LTUllAL IM

cutter, patent— a diploma. Jacob Killiu;j;er, of Lan- , The Co

caster city, one

hand or horse p

of Lancaster city, one Hweep horse pow( r, ^iu^rle^ Cov

el wheel, premium, $5. Ditfenbach X Iveneogy,

Lancaster county, one sweep four horse power — adi-

ploma. John k. Landis, of L;uieaf»ter county, one

Land straw cutter — a diploma. ^Villiam Kirkpat-

rick, of Lancaster city, one swciep horse pow<ir, Uur-

rell patent, premium, $5 F. W. Zeidler, of North- i urn of .^2. There were a variety of hay and mnuT

umbd CO., one cover luiieranci eleaner-a diph.ma. j fork^ of which were neatly and sk^

William Brackbdl, of Juniatta county, one clover fully made, b.it, as the Committee consdein'

hulling and cleainnp;inavhnu» — a diploma. .\l<ooiio "^^ '■•" •*• '■ " - *«nn^

patent (dioppin;; mill— a diploinn. A. .1. llow-ll, of
Juniatta county, one patent cl(.\ n- Inillin.:; and <'lt';in-
ing machini'— a diploma. S;'.niu"l M. linia, L:ntc;is~
tfT county, nnc patent strav.TuU.T- -:i, diploma. Mills
I'ry tt Co., of liucks cdnnty, nic' cl..\cr liullcr and
(deaner— a <lij)loma. li.";>.-liVr, M:ii-ni»li ^^ IV-ct-h.T,
Lancaster county, <oi<' (■|m\..i- Imll.-r and clraniT. A.
I>. Crawfor(r> patent <! •., prcnilnin, Sl<>. (olbtM-i
Kittenhouse, Moiit^romery ct)uni\. (Mc railroad lior:se
pjwer and thresher, second }ir« nnnm. So. Also, one
horse power corn stalk cutter — a dioloma. Israel
Lamborn(\ of Chester county, oiii> \iiiratin"- <traw
cutter and grinder — a diploma. Pr.nity A Kairctr.
«)1 Philadfdphia, one large doulde corn ^li 'll-'!-, s-'pa-
rator and cleaner, horse power, a premium of St. Al-
so, one corn sheller, cob crush'>r and ;/rind<'r, l»v hand

,» , ,, ,. -lerin?

.Murse s manntacturc sop-'iaia-, li-iiin the tostH thp
e,\hil»itor-; siilmiittcd tlinn t'l. aii'! tlfii" iuil
tin y award a pi'fmium <»{ .^2. Sinnn m-.'
thi' (iniy tine that cann' under our n»tirc,
a prcmiuni of S2. A variety of e!,nrn
• Mir noiic, ami not beiii'^ aide t-i ;^i\e tin ni
er test a<^ to their ni-rlt-. ue <'Mijli| luit jud.
pi'aranr.' anil tic prineipi''. and
others pi-cs,'iif ad\;nn aii'i's o'.t-r

NV e Vt't afe of t h'' ooininn til It

nn'ti'i- ( "Imiimi i- t le' iii-.i, and
Si. Tic \a'-iety of t'aunin

,-"l"tlt!*,

liay-nike,
wo award

^'■'.Mv uiiiiei

oiu .|ua,i,c by an.

a doing so, whit

our ordinary churns.

t Savory tt (Jo's. Ther-

1 a\'. ai-'i a preiuiuni of

I i 1 1 s was very 1 ar^^e and

e-xc'll-'iii. It being an important item of maclunery

to t!ie iarnna-, (to sej>arate the tares from the wheaii

wc gave ii a thorough examination, and while i'm-

plieity in construction, changing, &c., are worthy of

notice, in a tan that d i.'s tic work w^ell, we ret'ard

that e\!iibited by John l>ainl;orough as host, and

award a pr ininni of .So. We award a second pre-

or horse power, a prcniium ors5. Samuel li. Ilaiin\-,
of Lancaster city, one sweep horse power, single bev-
el wheel, a premium of 8-5. Also a m-del sweep ' miuni to II. & A. Stoner, for fanning-mill. of si.*^ A
horse power— a diploma. M IL Steever, of Dauphin premium, to Samuel Cochran, for third best f\maiii^'-
county, one two horse railroad power and thresher, mill, of $3.

a diploma. Edwin Clarke, of Lancaster city, one
meat and root cutter, a premnim of So. Savory &
C >., of Philadelphia, on(^ vegetable cutter, a promi-
umof $5. Also a diploma or e''rtilieate oi merit for
the variety of articles thej exhibit. 'd. Alfred iila-
ker, of Bucks county, one straw and stalk cutter, a

premium of $4. l). T. Taylor, Thomas & Co., Xt-w ^ .

Yorkcity,an excelsior straw cutter — a diploma. Isai- | We further awar<l a premium of J?20 to Proutyi
ah Aldrick, of Philadelphia, three hay. straw and P>arrett for the largest collection of Agricultural Im-
cornstalk cutters, alike in construction ani opera-' ph^nents.
tion — a diploma. Anthony Sandy, of Juniatta conn- | A ]ir.niiiini of SIO. to Savory Sc Co., f(u- the second

To Edwin Clarke — a diploma.
*' MontL:oiu(M-v A r>ro. — a <liploma.
" IVouty I'C liirrett — adijdoma.
" Mart in Slinin-.r, Cumberland CO., -a diploma.
*' Jesse KolM'rts, Montgomery co., — a diploma.
" Samuel Sheble, Phihnb'Iphia — a diploma for
manure forks.

tv, clover hnllcr and » leatcr
O. Reading, Frederiekt,,wn. N
o.orn sheller — a dip'onia.
Ohio, six or ei«j:;ht hor-e |

.)

Ii j»h iina.

on" liors>

Ib'Urv livh'T, .^l;

wtT tlu'e-her and

Pliillip
' power
1-- iilon,

■-'■oa ra-

ter, a premium of $<'( and a dipltmni. Pasehall M >v-
ris, of West Chester, Chester county, Webb's patent
fitraw and hay cutter — a diploma. S. (i. .McParlan 1,
of Perry count}', corn planter — a diploma. Samuel
H. Kohr, of Lancaster county, a meat cutter — a di-
ploma. Jos. Fawks, of Lancaster county, an im-
proved seed planter— a diploma. 1\ ITk bardson, of
thiladoJphia, one hay, straw and corn stalk cutter,
a premium of S2. Alexander Major, of Chester
county, one railroad horse power !ind threshor, aprc

largest collection ■!

dol

1)\

J

\'Criiultui'al liuph-ments.
oi. \l . I'l; \\ i/,
IN 11. lilAK.

\ 11,!, 1 Iki:i;,
'. INiiiaiM A V,
L. Lkkkv Hi;,

I- Committee.

STAI/ulUNS AM> 1JK(H)1> MAKES.
The (atmmittee on stallions and brood mares, Terr
respectfully report, that they have carefully exam
ined the stock presented for tludr inspection, andaK
please(l to stat'^ that a larg.' mnnberof very superior
horses came under their notic(\ indicating a decided
iniprovemcTit >ince rhe ja-^t annua! I'xliil.itien, ana 3

mium of l?10. William Dripps, of Chester cou?\ty, ' laudabh^ ri\alry amongst those engaged in rearing
one grinding machine, eccentric universal mill, a ! this valuable stock. In our opinion, the best stallwc

premium of !i?4.

Your committee are pleased to state that the exhi-
bition of Agricultural Implements is highly credita-
ble to the exhibition, and your committee endeavored
to discharge their laborious duties with impartiality
and careful examination.

David Cock ley,
John S. Isete,
James Miles, I

J. Franklin Regart, J

1

Committee.

for heavy draught was the "Fire King," of the Ches-
ter Lion stock, owned by William C. I\itterson, d
Alexandria. Huntingdon county. Entitled to a prf"
mium «d" iifteeii dollars. ,

The second best stallion (or heavy draught was the
four year old horse, "Bell Founder," onrned by_>||J
Thomes Moderwell, of Lancaster county. Kntitle<3
to a premium of ten dollars.

The black stallion owned by Mr. J.Allen, of tuDi'
berland county ; the grey stallion of Mr. Vn ■ ^J!^ff '
the iron grey stallion, "Duke of Normandy," of ^ '

\

1882.1

J^TATE F.Ain

24:\

llolhimn's, un imported horse; the grey stallion of
samo breed, owned by Messrs, Styer & \Veaver, and
u number (tf other.-*, are very supeVior draught horses.
The two N«»rman horses we deem entitled ea<-!i, to a
jifomluni of (dght <hilbirs, being thorougli bred and
T)<)<isessing unusual nius<Milar strenirth.

ThV best stallion for quick draught was the "En«^-
lish Clifton," owned by Mr. J. Hhh], of Dauphi'Ji
county, entitled to a preiniuin of tifteen dollars.*

The second best stallion (,m- piiek draught was the
.hin stallion, "(iolden Ecdipse," owned by Mr. Amos
Young, of Bucks county, entitle^' t. a premium of
ton dollars.

The best stallion f-r tic <'v]']\", '•'!', ,ni >[or_r;i,i."
'iv an imported horse own.Mi l.y .M,-. .r,!i,i <"|;{rke. ui"
I'liila'lelpiiia, entitle. i to a prcminni oi' filt^'.ai dol!;u-->.

The sec ai! h^'-t -t;) I ii.. n f.-r the -loMIe, '• j{l;i,.|;

> MMWUmbwm

flcult to determine to\Nhi,h premuun^ .sLwuid bo
awarded.

A. V. WlLSO.V,

Jonas Howmw,

Wm. CoM.KK, Jr., .'Committee.

A. K. Kait,

(ieo. McCuLLouon,

1

)

gci^ K DijAi.iwrr a.vd sAhhu: iionsi-s.

The Committcc()n(,)uick hrau-lit an I .^:cI.JIm Mors-
es, respectlully report, that \\ da. (iiiflith, .,r Danphb.
and Samuel Williams, of IMnheiHphia, b. an- absent'
'"*'" '^-^ '; •""•' "i!- "t Ibnk.. wa^ appoint/'d ('hair-

'' ''"''^ "f 'he a(,s. •;,[,.,.., ^vas mij,

ni;M;. aid tli.o f 1,-. p

<Tiften." o\\ ncl hy .Mr. S.miuel liu-fon, ,,(' ( 'iii!i!/-r-
l.in 1 ciumty, cniiteMl to a preir)inm of tru doHai--.

The grey stallion own-.i b^\ .Mr. ll. b.-wi. ,,( l>\^\\.
iulelphia county.

The bay staili-an .cvn.'l by John Sfcait, - f Tiiiia-
<l"lp!)iji: the bay stailioti (cac 1 bv .>r>;.srs. Bear it
.Ma;;innis, of Lancaster county; the well-bred h«u-se
-Sir Cinirles," owned by Lucian Wilson, of Jjiniata.
The sorrel horse "Sir Henry, "' own.' 1 !.v ^Tr.
T;iyl(.r, and a numb'^r of oth"r w..||-bred h .r> -s (»f
the same class were presented, and were considered
;i8 all very Hup(U'ior.

The best stallicm C(dt, between two and four years
old, is the (h'ep bay of the "Lion" breed, owned by
Mr. Jeiin Mylan, (d Lancaster county, entitled to a
prcminiu of ten (hdlars.

The second best stallion colt, between two and '
four years old, is the dark bay }>y "(ilolden Farmer,"
owned hy Mr. J. b\ Tfoover. of Lancaster county, en-
titled to a premium of MX d..llais.

The best horse C(dt, between one ami two years
old, "Cobham," (»wned by .M ,-. T, f i- BruLi;h.of Frank-
hu county, entitled to a premium of six dollars.

Th(; second best horse colt, ' W iM M. itle,'' (»wned '
hy Mr. E. Trout, of Bedfonl c(»untv, entitled to apre- '
iJi una of lour dollars.

The number of brood mares was limited, and, in
th" opinion ol the Committee, nniny superior to those
'Exhibited owned by inenib' r< of the society were not '
prosoiit. Jn (air jud-nt-i.t. none of thjj'first (dass t
y.-ere offered. The b"st broodmare f .r heavy drauMit '
Js the brown mare of Mr. dae,d) Ib.hrer, of Lam^iis- 1
tircounty, to V. !:ich the Committee award the pre- i
ninim of ten dcdlars. I

Tile second best, tl;- ba;. m ire . f Mr. I' ivi 1 Styer, '
''I Lancaster CMonty, a prianium of ^jy dollars.
Ao superi<.r niart^s for quick o'r.aghtwere exhibit-

\r k'^'^'' ^*^^^ ^"^^^ *^ ^^^''^'^ mare, owned by Mr. (/.
\ ither.H, of Lebanon county, to which a premium of
s'x dollars was awarded.

I ne best Filly mar.; c(dt, between two and five years
J^l'l, IS the dark brown Filly of Mr. A. b lughfin, of j

•Jinherland cmnty, a in-omium of eight dollars
'i^varded, •^ i « i

[''"■ * ''.^' ''"' -ld'"ii""e lit o}- Cjiri^tian Kerr-a.-v of
bineaa.M- c aiiit;^, and d<,hn P. d-aikin., of I'hihnle]-
!•'''■' '■'"""y. Tiiii^ CMi.-fimied, th" t'nniiaitte,. pj-,,.
'V'"^"' '" '''" p'Tl'-rnnaicr .d' tic <lutie-. a.wi-n -d
U n n n ^

Tie' exhihltioii .d' paiis of (' ,rri,i-r Horses, wa^
not as lartre as the occasion would -ei in to have n -

asonahly li;i\,- Im-.mi exp-cted, liom

'imre,!. II- iai':!i! n

The second best is the iron grey Filly, "Wild Met- i

le, owned by Mr. J. W. Beuhler, of Bedford coun- 1

7; a preniuun of five dollars awarded. ;

Same fine horses, amongst them the black stallion '

^I'^lJ-. Quinett, of Pittsburg, arrived too late to be

•^^g'stered under the regulations.

ne stallions of heavy draught presented were nu-
^'rous, many of them approaching the first class,
j^ large number for (piiek draught, saddle and light
: ^"^^%^ere exhibited, many of them, also, approach-
«g tUe first class. So as to reader it extremely dif-

the mirkerl eom[)etition in"'h(»rses inidrr ,,ther classi-
fications.

C(d. S. C. Stambaugh, of Lancaster, exhiland a
very superior j.air of ('arriagt; ILu-s.-s, .,,i the jUt
inst., but not having had them regularly eiit«'red, tliey
were not for that reason :ilom> considered bv Ih. V, ijf.
mittee in th<; awarding (d' Fremiinn^.

For the best jnir of Carria.;- Iba-.x.. tli.. Cninmif-
tee awarded to .lonathan S. Beekley, of Lehanon ,o
th(» Prem um of SKI.

For the second best pair of Carriage Horses, tlie
Committe<' award to Wm. L. Smith,"of Alle<dieny
county, the premium of .Sb. '^

(Miarles 1*. Stein met/, <d* licbanon count}-, also ex-
liibited a pair e,f tine r.arriage Ifor-es.

t<!uitc a number of HUf>erior <ie|din;rs f,,p (inick-
draught and saddle, wert; exhibited simde, and al-
though in the printed schedule of pre.niinns, no pro-
vision would seem to have been made for tli is (dass
the Committee call the omission to the attention of
the Executive Committee, and most respectfully re-
commend a premium of SlO for the best ({u'uk draindit
llovHi^, ( ) b) John W. i: Iwards, of I "1,-

caster c(ninty, and a prem'nai of v'x dol|;ir> i.,v i|;,.
second best <piiek draa-hl and saildle Jlor-e, i^, j;,.,,.
jamin Ifer-hey, (d' Lancaster counf\-.

Tin; < ■ aainitteo also took plea-iii-. in n(*;icin" the
fa(^t that d. 11. Strickle", ot bmcaster CMuntv. ex-
hibited t vo superior tpiick drauLdit and sa Idl • heas-
es, and that < 'yrus S. iliehinni. ol' Lancaster coun-
ty, exhibited a very fine and perfectly tiain< 1 laniilv
Iiorse for single harness.

F. S. Bletz, of iiancastcr county, also exhi])it jd a
very superior saddle and quick draught liorse.

The Committee also r"port that a nninber of gel-
dings between two and iou." years (dd, \\ a-e exlijldt/ ,!,
and as tln^y too would seem to staml in the predica-
ment of the class last mentioned, th • conimittee re-
spectfully r(H:(jmmend a pn^mium of Sli) for the best
colt gelding to Samue Ilauston, of Cumberland co.

The Committee beg leave also to remark, that Jas.
Lee, of Cumberhmd county. exhibite(l a very line
three year old gelding, and Kicdiard Anrlerson, id"
Cumberland co mty, a three year old Filiey.
All of whic h is resp.ectfully snbmittf-l.

JOHN A. lU: AT. MO NT
.M \b'K ('(b\M Lb. .Jr.,
H. .\. M((VAIJJ>TKIl.
CHRISTIAN KFXEAGV,
JOHN P. JEXKINS,

Commiltee.

■UAi

'1

KftT'.. -'.t

.«.is

244

RT ATK FATH

"llORSHS, HEAVY DIlAlUillT MULKS AN1>

TKAMS.

To the President of tlio rcnnsjlvaiiia State Agri-
cultural Society.

The Ct)jnmitteo on Horses, heavy <lrau;^lit Mules
and Teams, make the roHowin*^ report, to wit: That
they have awarded to Joiin lienson, tor the l^est pair
of Mules, a premium of ^^H. To David Mast, for the
be:rft Jack, a premium of IrH.

The Committee regret very much that the Society
have not directed premiums to be allowed for th(;
best and second best draught Horses, and presuiiK^ it
must have been a neglect on the part of the Commit-
tee who arrang(Ml the list of Premium-^. W ' . ;i- a
Committee on tii:it iinj»oi-i:i!it Im-ch'Ii nf A--i-i-iiltii-
ral interests, woiiM ros))eetfuHy r<M' mnii -nl ih.at a
premiimi nf ;^S be ]*aid t'» ll-nrv l>auiii;j;;ir(]nrr |nr
the b"<l 'lrau.:lit ihir-". Ainl. aU" to Saiiiui'l Hii'i\',
of York county, for tiie «eeoud l>esta prtiiKiiMi >A ^-y,

Y'our Committee regret ex.'opdiivxly that ' iic (.-.nnp'-
titioniii t1ie exhibition of drau-lii 11 .:>.'s, Mules and
Team>, lias Im^cu so extremely iiiaiird, and v.'ould re-
commend to the Society, at its next annual exlii Virion,
to offer premiums that would be souk^ inducement to
the owners of the kind of Stock to exliii.ii tiie same.
Wc would, therefore respectfully recommcnl that tic
following premiums beoff'eredfor the next exhihition:
For the best team of live Hi)rses, .^15. For the sec-
ond best ditto, ditt(», SKL For the third best ditto,
ditto, §5. For the best team of six Mules, !i>ir>. For
the second best ditto, ditto, SIO. For the third best
ditto, ditto, ^5 For the best pair of Plough and
Farm Horses, SlO. For the second ])cst ditto, ditto,
^5. For the best Cart and Dray Horse, SS. For the
second best ditto, ditto, S5.

The above report is respectlully submitted.
James Irwin', j

C. !!. SuEAir, I

Charles K. Hiester, 'Committee.
Charles L \\' am pole,
David CoiiLE.

Lancaster. Oct. 21, 1852.

CATTLH T^VO YEARS old), AM) irw AK!>S
The Committee on cattle two years oM. an. 1 up
wards, would re-<]>ectfully report ihar i!iey have in-
tended lo the duties a-^>i;j.ie '1 tleaM.aiel in e ,iiiin;.r to
their decision, have ,i:i\eii -u -Ii time an 1 att-mion in
their exauiinal;-n. a^ its ini[)ortane.' dcinanih'il.

Your conuiiiUi'e \v->re very mneli Ln-atilio.] t" lind
so large a innuber of line cattl" -n the -r-nnd I'or
exhibition, Init shouM have bt'-ai j. leased to liiel a
more general competition in some of the breeds of
cattle. Y^our committee feel the importance 'ind
would urge the adoption of measures for the estab-
lishment and publication of a herd book for tin* State,,
similiar to "CW/cV English herd boek, in which to
enter the names of stock breeders, their stock pedi-
gree, &c., as well as their issue IVoiu year to year.
Such a record would be invaluable to breeders, fur-
nishing a safe and easy source heretifter, of tracing
the pccligrce of cattle brought f«)r exhibition. It
would also furnish purchasers of stock important in-
formation. Six three year old Durham steers w^ere
exhibited by Isaac I/indis, of Lancaster county, fine
animals. No premiums being fixed to such stock,
they are recommended to the favoral)le consideration
of the Executive committee— premium awarded, S>^.
We would also recommend the iin(^ herd of cattle of
various breeds exhibited by General Uetu-ge C\adwal-
ader, to the attention of the Executive committee—
projuium awarded, Slo. Your committee congratu-
late the society upon the great success which has so

far attended this noble enterprise. The pi .^im i.,^,^
and respectabh' disphiy of stock and other usofu'l a^,^
tides in Inisbandry, speaks well for the future, and
W(; hope that at no distant day the l^ennsvlvunio
State Agricultural Society will rival, at least, any
other Agricultural Society in the Union Tlio fuilyw.
ii7g is a list of premiums awarded :

Durham Stock. — blames Cowen, of Philu(l,.]p|j^
county, first premium, best bull, "Rockland," sf.j
Charles lv(dly, second best bull, "Billy Rluff," :*lii
Henry Reneilum, P>erks county, best cow, S12. Sam-
uel Co(^per Philadelphia county, second l>es(t row
ST. Hu'zh Meliitire. Laneast(»r(:ou!iLy, l)est heilTer.^^^'

I>i,\ 'iN-!iiKF. — Ri.haid l*iin, Chester county. I^wj
huH, Sll!. .)<din M(*(rovei-n, l,iiicaster cnuitv, mv.
oihI h '-t huH. SS. Kiidiard l*iiii, <'iii',-!.r cuuntv
he^t c \v. Slit. \',';il Lagan, Lancast'T eitv, gecond

A \ K-^ii 1 i;i:. — A. i;. M' lUaine, chester county, bent
bull, '■ Laniokin:" Sl:j.

Ai.oi KNiv.— If Mirv Twa li'll". I'hiladclphia coun-

tv, best hull,
Henrv Twaddle, Philad. co., 2na h.-st bull,

best cow,

" " best heiflcr.

Vl.l

((
((

best heiffer, g

N \ I i\ r.s OR Crades. — h'hn <'larke, best cow. I^IO.

liicliard l*im, second best cow, .s7. i)avid Mast,

Lancaster county, ])est h<'iffer, SC. Frederick Keller,

Lancaster county, best bull, SlU.

Wvn. llElsEif, ~)

]* AX iiAi.i- Worth, |
A. Hershiierger, (
Martin Newcomer. J

Committee.

CATTLE UXDKll T\V(» VEAIIS OLD.
The (-■emmittee on Cattle iindvitwo years ul»l re*
spectfidly repoit. They award to dani'-s (lowon, Esq.,
of Philadelphiacounty, for his exceed inLrlyfino.sliort
horned Pnrli.nn Ihi^;. "L"opard," the tir^t premium
of $8. To Kiciiard Cartwright, of PliiladalpliiacouD-
ty, for the sectuid l)est Durham Ibill, J<o. To James
CJowen, Esq., nf l'hila«leiphia e ouiity for his Durham
HeiffiM'. "Daivv Maid." ei-lit''<-ii in -nths old, the fiM
premium ot' S'». To |[uL!;h Mclntyre, of Lancaster
count v, lir <fM'ojid he-^t llietfer, under twoyears.tb
premium of Sl. To Uaa • Landi-^, (d' Lancaster coun-
tv lor I'e-t r>nil C.iir, ov.'r I'ou!- month- old. the li"<
pi'aninm oi' So. '|'o<h'o. ( 'adu alader, I 'iiilaJelphia
countv. \'< r his I'miII ('all". •" I)]-;', vo," o\or f'-nr m:."
old. the prtnnium oj' S.',. 'f.i (i.'oru-,- ( 'ad\v;i! li'".' •
IMiilad' l;diia c Miiit\ . tor ids Heifer Call, '■ lUos.som,
over lour months old, the first premiun of SJ, and for
his Heifer Calf, "Myra," jver four months old, the
premium of i?2.

NATIN ES OR GILVDES.

To Dnvid Mast, Lancaster county, for his na-
tive Ibilh tv.-lve months old, the first premium of
SC). Tod,,hn Mu^-hanan. Lanea-ter rnunty, f'T b''
native i'.nl!, idirhte.ai inonths old. the second premium
of So. To W. 1. Craighead, i'umberlnnd countr,
for his best Heiffer, over one year, the first prcraiuni
of ^5. To James Long. Lancaster county, for n»^
native Calf, over four months old, the first premiuni
of S4. To ( Jeorge Ilauck, Lancaster county, for hi'
tv.-in Heifprs, ten' months old, the discretionary preni"
ium oj' .V). ToH.nry Lenneaum. ot Dcrks countv.
for his Bull Calf, of over four mimth.s, A. Bovd.<,
Lancaster, owner, the premium of .S3. To^Sarou^^
Feather, Lancaster county, for secod best tail, to-
premium of S2. ^

Hoi.sTEiNs.— To Jacob Boher, Lancaster com
for his Bull under two years, the first premium om

I

I

18.')2.1

STATE FAIR

mryvrtu^^K'W^nm*

2Af\

To Joseph li. Taylor Chester county, for his hest , especially in districts aljoining t .e location of the

1, ,(..r, one vear .,l.i the first premnnu of .>,.. show ground., at least for tl.dr^own benefit, to se d

I^FVovs.— lodacob Itolirer, L:incast<'r eountv, for on their stock

|,..von IJull under one year, the first premium k>^'). They award'the first ],reun,n., for the host pair of

ToK.hert McAlhster, dun.atta, county, l<,r best Ih.ll ,..,/•/,,; o.r.n t<. C/n-i.fiL Ii. N.rr, of' Lancaster eo

Cal, over f.>ur months oM, the first premium of.Sh f.^ ^ large pair of fine animals, of active step und

•I„ Isaac Lruhaker,of New I dland, Lancaster (.mn- superior working Mnalitics, and ren.arkahl.. forhei„.r

ty, for Ins bill, six months <,ld, the premnnu (»f .^1 un.ler perfect command, workin<r on either side witP

Te.Iacoh llohrer, Lancaster e.mnty, for hest Devon e.pial facilitv. Their wei-dit lo.'iT) sir, Thev awin

lI.Mfer call, betwc>Mi <>ne and two years (d.l, fir^t the secm.l premium to ./,/,y,rv r/o^r.,, AV, u\' I^hila-

yv.uunm S^K 1 o Jacd. Uohrcr, tor second b st, S;j. ^hJphia nnnihi, for a heautihd pair of' cattle, full br-d

'J'., .Jacob K. urer tor best Hell. r calf, over {our months Devons, showing evidence of j.hilitv f.r active work,

( )mbined witli great endurance.

li I I i •' ph la
und'-r \\\'\
V 'l\v;i

1

<dd, Si

AM)KriNKVs. — 'I' . li iirv d\\,iil ;', I

eaunty, lor tie- h-'st Ald<'rnrv lb ih-r,

vears o! 1, the ['w^i prianomn Sii. To 1 1. mi

i'.ir II mI'T one year (dd, ^\. d'o ILmii'v Twadd^i

f.ir li''ifer four m tn'hs uM, Sj. To A.m-om r|.oii,.nt

j'liilailelpliia coii'iiy, lor t Ik- l.o-i .vlhincv liall, an

der tW(> vears old. tie- lir-t pi'omium of >>

1 1". ;»vohahly, th" l> r.ni-: af uii
■ ' '\ :i "d tli" tliir'l nri'iiiiiuii to ^ '

l)r(d-;' n ;ind ol' i \
award the first

■!1

ronnii/, f" r

Th'V \v(rre (d" tine

;i jiMir

For W'lki?!*: cat-
ur]i;|sse(l. .-^l". Thi V
. I . Tli'ninis.'ii . id .//•
iir •" vcar--; I'Id. '■. . 11

'"'■d. >/ . !■ wri 1|.. I,,'-,! t'.lt (ti-rn tht'V

lium !■> Hn h,ir'l /'nil (d' ( ''/'y,'<V

]'\ivr I ►,■■, Ml- wri'jiiiii'j- :;■- 1 I llip.
"■11. fninliiion/ tin"ii'v->, nf hi^ie

AvR.-HiRE.— -To <ie,,ru^f' r idwalad'-r. I •iiihidelptiia wit h great disposition to fart, n. :-!o.(Hi.
countv, f»r hi< ex-.-r-'din :ly heautifnl .Vyr^hire ILdf- There was but (me fat steer .-xhihited by /'-//oJ
cr Calf, "lied Lil\," un I a-one v-ar. ilie tir.^t jtrem- L'-amon. «d" Ijuir.ishr rotmf'i, four vears (dd' an.i l(^r
ium of SL d'ho Conmiittee als a award discretionary which tliey recommaitl a conipliiirmtarv i-rentiun: . |
premiums to the following: '1'^ li. Moore, L inca»<te'r , S.;.

P.\seirui, MojiRis,
D \N III. bwius,

l>\Vil) l\I!a.lN(;ER,
I>\V1I) Ib.srjER,
l>.\vii) St VERS,
John IJe.nson.

1

Committee,

county, for liis very h ind< am- 11 it-r Twins, thir-
teen months (dd, native stock, the premiinn of :?S.
To Christain Ehy, Lam^a'^ter county, for his Twin
Calves, native stock, the premium of So. To Henry
IJrackhill, Lancaster county, lor his native T\^in
Calves, (Bulls.) cdeven months old, the premium of
•*?•'>.

(Ireat praist; is due to C(mtributors for their zed in SHEEP AM> WOOL,

furnishing stuck, at much expense and trouble, and The Cnnuittce (»ri Sheep, appoiiUcd by the P.-nn
without any desire to diminish the honor due to all sylvania Agri(!ultural Society, beg leave to report that
Contrihitors, the Committee cannot con(dude this they have attended to that (luty. The suhj(;ct Pub-
hasty report without special reference to the excee- ! mit'ted to them has ]>een distrihuted under the follow-
dinudv fine StDck of Cattle, turnishefl bvOen. O^'orire ' in;r lieads:

Cadwalader, of Phihidelnhi i count}'. Thirty head 1st. Fi.nr AVoor,. — Your Connnittee regret to snv
of Cattle of different grades were on exhibiticm by j that there is not a Merino or Sa.xon ^I a-ino on tii'e
this gentleman, and his exam[d(» is now referred to ' ground
for imitation hv !inare coutri!)utor« of finn stock.
Tlio C(unmitt<»e re;j-n'i> that lirni a--^ in ih^' iiii)n''di
ate vieinitv of the Exhihition irroumN <uhmitrrii so

Pill

i!l an ani'Mint of Stock. They tru->t th:- will not
t'aiiid a caus(3 (d' complaint at fiiture JOxJiihitliuit;.

Ibu-aiHT I)iiV-o\, I

AnM. I\ A IK KM AN

AVm. St w elv,
. I o 1 1 \ i\ 1 . N r. I ) V ,

( "ommittcc.

' CATTU:

\ATi\ES OK (iii\l>r.<. WollKIMi
OXEN AM) 1-Af CAld'L!:.
The C(mimittee on working oxen, gradr»s and fat premium of !?•').

'J I. OoTSM-oEi), f improperly called Long \^ o<d.)

i 'a- tin; j»cst Buck they a\vai-d to Pxaijaniin il 1. of

' 'iicstcr county, a prianimii ol >».. |"i,r th<' ^. i-,ii>l
hc^t to Aa Ton ( j. iiiaif . of i'hiiadij jdiia. a pr<aaiuai ' f
S j. Tip' She ■]! of t hi'-r t Wo txlidiifiu"^ \\ la'i' so jnuidi
alike ihat \(Mir ("oniniitfrc f .Mnd it dilHeiilr t • ;_d\e
t!i.' prri'T-aifi'. i'or the h.-^t i-iwes vour < 'Mininitte"
awai'd to 0,»n. (ieorge ('adw.aladi r, of I'liilad< Ipliia, a

pri iniuni ol >fi. I'm- t!i" ^ >!id hest your (oiiiiiaitlee

award to U^m nam 11 md, of ("Ii '^ter ei'untv. a
jirMiimm "t '^\. i'or ih*' best liiuTo^ \oiir <',iinnir-
teo award to iienjandn Hood, of ('he^-tir 'onnty. a

For the second best t(; l^l]r^ O.

>f s:i.

The C(mimittee on working oxen, gradr»s and fat premium of !?•'). For the second best t(; l^l]l•^ O.
cattle respectively report. That they were mmdi dis- 1 Ib-rr, of Lancaster county, a pr(!mium of S.'i.
appointtid by the very small number of animals un- '^d. SoirTunowN. — For the best Buck tliey awaii to
dor this class, submitted to th'ir inspection. ThelJ'dm \V'.rrt!i. of Ciiester county, a p" in ium of .^0.
exhihition beiii'^ in a eountv wid'dv knoAn fm- it- T" .\arin < 'laments, (d' Philadidphia, lor the second

a^ruadtural rijsources, it was expectcMlthat le r'fM' re
Wouhl have been a large representation of at h^astour
nnficp and gnuh sfoc/c. A few only were brought to
the gnumd, attributable, no doubt, more to the fear
often entertained by farmers, of their stock not being
«ucees.sful comp(;tit(u*-!, which deters them more from
hringing th nn out, than to any actual (hdiciency in
die animals themselves. The comniittee would oh-
^'^rve that the comparison of stock, attainable only at
these exhihitions, and the interchang(; of views as to
their several points of value for feeding, for work, or
f'>r the pail, the different modes of rearing man-
aj^ement, etc., are objects which it is the very de-
'^•gn of the State Society to promote in their schedule
w prenaiums, and they would encourage the farmers,

«i

hest. a [ireniium of Sd. \''>v tiie hest lot of Ewes,
to John Worth, of Ciiester county, a [ireniium of .50.
For the second best to (Jen. (ieorge Cadwalader, of
Phihuhdphia, a premium of ."^4.

.')d. Mixed Bjieeos. — For the ])est Buck to Cyrus
Miller, of Lanctister county, a premium of J?o. For
t!ie second best to Benjamin Hood, of Chester countv,
a premium of S.'i. For the hest lot (if Ewes, to Jacob
Rahrer, of iiincaster cainty, a premium of i?^('». For
the best lot of W(!thers, to Banjamin Hood, of Ches-
ter c )unty. a premium of $.'L For the second best
to Henry O. Herr, of liancaster county, a premium
of .^2. For a Lamb of mixed breed, your Committee
award toMiss C. Yates a discretionary premium (d $2.
Your Coramitte in awarding these last premiums beg

■sm.2

^f^l* U,hJXfS-''

24r,

STATE r Ui;.

Wveto remark, that they do nut a;.i.ruvo oi' those
amal;rainati(»n'3 uf woul.

Tiie aul,jeet of \\\n,\ not liavin- spocially Ruhnii'-
tO(itoy(»ur Cummittee, they do not feel themselvea
mithorized to do nion^ than state that Mr. Jatn.'s
i;.xvin- of Washington county, and Mr. James (i.
M-ream, of the same county, liave exhil/t-d samT.l-s
ot tloecej? of fine Saxony-merino v.-ool, of a very su-
perior quah'tv, for \vhich they are each entitled to a
premium of $').

All of which is respectfully suhmitted l,v

l\ A. JiuoUNK, } '

Jno. II. Kwj.vc;, J ^"^^^'"^^t-^-
SWLXE.
Thefirst prize tu.j. Wilkinson for the l,e<t boar
over two years, SC. S-vn;..! prize to (\ S. Ualdeman,'
M. iMrst prize to J. Wilkinsnn iovt}v, best boar, on.'
year old, S(,. Xo secon 1 prize iu tJiis class was
awarded. The first prize to Cyrus, MilJcT, Ibr tho U^st
boar, SIX months old :,i, I wiiJ r ..no year .So Tli.-
8ec.md prize tod. Wilkinson, >}. TliJ lir^t'prize to
J. U ilivinson, for the best sow over two years fbr nis
celehrate.l Dutches .Sow, "Old I>ink" wl, . !, \, ,. t i-
ken the hrst prize in three States, an<l in r ni-s ji-n-e
been sold for hreed, to go to all parts of the n.untrv
in the past five years, for over ono th.»u<r,nd dollars'
a premium of Sti. \o second pvi/.^ in this class .yas
awarded. The first prize to d. Wilkinson, fVr the
best sow over six mouths and under one year S']
1 he second prize to ( Vrus Mdler.S-k The firs, priz^'
to J. W ilkins(m, for the best Neapolitan sow, ov-t
two years old. Si;. There was no second prize award-
ed lor tho small breeds. The first nrize to H.'niamin
ll.ekman for the best five pi;,'s, SG. The second
prize to ('yrus Miller, Sb

Tiie number of Swine exhibited was not so lar'-o
as w^vs expected, thou-h there were a number of v-^y
fine tat ho«!;s, for wdiich no ])r.'m'.ums w-n-o offered
Amon- them were two very iar-.), fine fat, barrowsi
by dacob hheidel; another bv Daniel r(»tts,and two
beautiful sow shoats by Mr.*C. Miller. The -r^wtest
curiosity, by far in this department, was Mr. Wilkin-
son hairless Neapolitan Sow.

All of which is respectfully aubmittel. with tho
confident hope that t!»o .ihove decisi(,ns will be con-
curred in by all -mm,! judges on the iri-Mun 1.

■•^^i«/»iiw— r.» ■■ I

1^.'^2.1

STATE FA I]?.

county, :;;:> 00. The Committe etmsider thVj^
lilu.^s unworthy of notice as a distinct breed ' '
IH)HKIN(;S.-J.dni N. A. Kolb, York i>, f
the best pair ut' White Dorkings, $2 00. it t'L
Germiintown I\i., f„r the second best piiir of' U i •
Dorkings,Sl 00. Master Wn.. W. SpanMer Ln.
tcr City, for th6 best pair .>f Speldded Dor kilt
>>- (K>. Ihaekara Smith, xMarshallton Chester p/
second })est. Si 00 ' ' %

SlIA\(ilIAES:-John McTlowan. ]iri.l,.shu:„
1 liihidelphia co., best pair pure blooded, S2 00 Jl.i

^J^''T"\^-!'7r^ »^'"l-'!"!pl.ia CO., second h^
MOO. i,, I. A. Il.mii.h, ni Lancaster, for a Mr
ol Mi;inudiaes, S-J. l^"*''

j;";'MlX CllXAS. d;..].oH P.n.... llvWrr
!,!,a<!eip}ua e,. !...-:t p;.;r. >- (Ml. .I.,n„..(;illi,,-.
Wesi 1 oii;Ml-lp,u;i. -:•.•-, lid l-.-t. si (»ii, Tur th/j-ir'.
gest eoncciion ul' Fowl ;. 1 >r. dri,.M.-s .M.i iintoek Piiil
ud.'lphia. SS n,). T!ir C,,nninlt..e rer,,nu,inpl thefol-
I"-\!m;;- ^p^cial pr..inii;in-^: -To II.^Ihti Purves, By.
'•'•ny, INid id.'lphia.jor abeaulilol di-pla v of (Vliin
I'll.;, a l''»vls a premium oi"SS on. dani^'^ CiHospJe
We>t Philadidphia. S> 00. Wm. b^Minard, I'liil^
l;''''^-"""' '*"• Aar(.ii Cl-neaits I'hiladelpliia, Sj UU;
(io'il,! .V Arii-M. L;i!ica-t. r City. So !)i). Tliackani
Siui;!). .'•! irvlialton. Ch.vtrr eo., '.^3 00. John Feli'
llarrrisburg, AVhIte Muscovys, SI 00. Jacob kX
rer, fora cage of lilu.. d. .. Si (m). dacol) Uuhrer.

lu.hrd for Wil-i
Pa., lur a |>air

1 '•' ii )

J.KW

<'

Jamj.^ I; vu I i.vs, [-Cumniittee.

rUcilAlii* I'xRKER. j

DAru:\ HAMS,
The Committe on l^acon Jlains awnrj to Joseph
Konigmacker for best Ham, S5.

SiMox Cameron, ]

KoiJERT Ki.nER, I Committee.

Thomas P. Cociirax, )

POULTRY.— >The Committee on Poultry beg leave
to report that after a very careful exainination^of th^
very large and beautiful display of Fowls, they have
agreed to award the following premiums:

For the best pair of Turkeys, no. 2:b Jaeol) Roh
rer, of Lancaster co., apnnniuni of S2 00. Hon. D.
B. V'ondersinlth. Lancaster City, second best Si. For
the best pair of Bremen (.Jeese, No. 2S. to Albertus
Welsh, York, Pa.,S2. Samuel C. Stambauirh,of Lan-
caster, second premium for one pair of West India
(iee^e$l. For the best pair of Muscovy Ducks,l)lue.to
F. W. Beates, Lancaster, Pa., $2 03. Second best
to H. P. Carson, Lancaster. SI.

COMMON DUCKS.

Bost cage, Richard Cartwright, of Philadelphia

for CappMl Furkevs, si m i .)
(Jeese,,Sl 00. Albertus Welsh,
of China (leese, S2 00.

SllAXdllAKS. — O. M, Zahni, Lancaster co,
Shanghue fi)wls, .S2 00. Wm. .Mathiot, Lancaster
CO., ditto, .S2 00. William Leaonard, Philadelphia.
ditto, .S2 00. 8. T, Jones, Harrisburo, ditto, .Sll m.
S. T. Jones, ditto, ditto, .SI 00. Thackara, Smith.
Chester CO., ditto, ISl 00. Horae- Rath von, Lancas-
ter, ditto, .S2 00.

WiFITi: Sfl \\(.[I \F.S.— R. Fraley,OennantowD.
best pair, .s2 in). Dr. J. MeClintock, iniladelpliia.
second ])est, SI 00. John Metzler, Sporting' Hill.
Laneasfor co., fbr best display of White Shan-diaes.
S2 ()(».

CorliLX - IIIXAS. -Mi^t,.r Willi, ■ W. Span-lor.
Lancaster, Da.. i:.r a pair . -i ( '.M-liin ( '!iina Fods.
S- "!): ;:. Purves, lUherry, Philadelpliia Co., ditto,
dit <>. s-J ();).

A\'iliTK D()PKI.\(;S.— Cyrus S. llaM. m

f

•in. !<.i.

bricge, Lanea<t«-r

ei I

< 'harh- !)ou:xlitoD.
;f Ar-

Lancaster, < I'.d'lon Pl.^a-ants, S2 <'i>. <<mu1
nold, ditto, dittd. si (iii.

OAMI-: lOWL<. All.ertii^ Welsh, Vork, P-i., for
superior Sumatra G.ime Fowls, S2 00. J. X. A.
Koll). Y(jrk, Pa-, for Sumatra l*[easant (Jame F(»wk
S2 Oo. Dennis Marrion, I^ancaster, for (iaiue FuwK
•S2 00. George Albright, Lancaster Pa., for two
pairs of African I5antuins. S2 (H), William Leonard,
Philadel|»hia, for pair Sebright Bantunis, $2 (XI
William Leonard, IMiiladdphia, for pair of Japan
Fowls, S2 on. Barnes Broom, Lancaster, Pa., for
pair of (irey Eagle Fowls, .S2 00. R. Fraily, Oer-
mantown, for pair of Orey Chittagongs, S2 OO.'^Jt'nas
Bowman. Piiiladelnhia, for pair of Pheasant Fowls,
82 00. AVilliam Leonard, Philadelphia, for To^ee
Diploma. Danitd .Miller, Carlisle, la., exhibit-
ed a fine Grey Eagle. John H. Landis exhihidi-d*
fine Sea Fowl. George W. Fcdix, Harrisbur*;, for
the ])est display of Fancy Pigeons, .S2 00. Morton
Morris, West Chester, for Madagascar Rabits, Si ^•
Tlie Committee feel gratified in being able to state
that the display of Poultry was creditable in the high-
est degree. Many of the Fowls were very superior,
and so close was the competition and so numerous

n *. s- . ■^«i i*-""*^

Oie competitors, that the aw.irds were made with

much ditiiculty. In consecpieiK^Md this cominenda-

1,1.' rivalry, it was :igreed, alter consultation with a

niimhi'i* "1" the principal officers of the society, to re-

rMiiineiid a larger number of discretionarv premiums

than was perhaps at first contemplated. The Poultry

0,'nartment is one whi(di (h^servedly attraeted great

•if.entien, and should b(^ liberally encouraged.

The C(nnniittee w^ould ask the attention of IO.xhib-

itors to the following. First, correct nomi'iudature,

ftud secondly, to arrange their contriljution^^ in tie-

c.>ops, in the [)recise niaiue'r 1!! woirh they are en-

toreJ upon the botd:^ >A tli" Sio-'iv. If tliesc ^'wn-

idt' rules \\ -re I'll- ''r\ I'd. niui'!i laliMi- wmi! 1 h,- -a\cd

the C(immitt<'e. and lie' !-i\liile,i i-ei would pro\t' nior*.'

interesting and oi-fditablc ti*tli" sp'jctators.

A. I'. Niwe.oii), "I

A . ^I. S,- \ \(.Li.i! I ,

, ' oniiniitec.

for winter's use, and, as a consequence, the mar-
kets and tables in many of our towns, durin" that
season of the year, are supplied with an insipii?, pah-
butter, in>tea<l (»f a tine, fragrant, golden-colored lut-
fer, laid down when there is a superabumhuu-e in
May and dun(>. Again, tin? proper limits oi the re-
part forbids anything more than a mere hint, hi
several counties'of the State, tin; firmers sell none of
their butter fresh. They pack it all, and they find a
liiM price. The best dairies in Susfpndianna e 'Uiit y
are now selling at the fann i - houses i o- i\s' ntv to

twenty-five cents

but*' r i-! e^ti'Liii,.

1 t!p

.mill'

; 1 1 ;

t ii

luosl vahiali

I,

\ le; I \ \ Ci )i: N Kia.,

C. jlol HI N< I 1'.

J

D.MbV A\D IIOXKV.

The Comniitle" mo Daiiy and II locy r-'ooTt, That
the e.xliihitioii (►fdairy prinhe-ts i-^ vto-y sni ill, an! )»v
ne m^ans suidi as tie' 'j:r'';it iinjrirl.inc'' and wiia*' n\'
this branch of Agrieiiltur.' woiil 1 seem imp rlMii^jy
to recpiire. A reference to the retmo- .o the last
cen.'*us (ISoO) shows that in-' n'llll^ t wf mihdi cows
in the State, was .'joi'.'JJ I. whirl), at a price of .Slf) 00
per head, amounts to S7,Or);),;)!jO. 'I he num'>er of
pounds of butter rep()rted to b(; made that year was
oI},87«S,418, which, at a price of twelve and a half
cents pep pound, would amount to .S4,77*','^o2 2o.
The number of pounds of cheese made was 2,50'),O;U,
which, at six c:'nt^ pi^r pound, is Sir>o,;502 Of. Value
of both, ^d,U.)0,10_'. file value o{' butter and ch<>ese
per cow, at the above prices, is only SU 21) per year.

Th(? Committee think the above an under estimate,
both in <[uantity and |>rice, and have no doubt that
the value of the butter an 1 (dieese in this State this
year, is quite eight millions of dollars, ft is estima-
ted that the dairy product of Sus(jueh;inna county,
as stated at their late fair, is on(; (juarter of a million
of dollars. In -nni' p'>rti"!m of the Srat'', t!i" f'arin-
ors are tiirniuL!; tle-ir attiaiii'Hi alnei^t e\-clu-!\ '-Iv i"
the dairy and the rrarini:; of stork, anl tle'v fiini ii
profitable. 1: iMJona'^ ii"t to thi-^ r-auininrr to di--
i'H--^ ihr \ aliir of t lie diti'rrt'nl ItrmN of ea'l h' for dai-
ry purposes, tiiil t !ir t ■-linioiiv of .);iinrv ( lowrn. i;v,|..
(most eminenl aii'h'H-itv) as will a- ot' liiany otlea-s
of our eminent ])racti«'al faiaurr- i- in i',:' 'T of tie-
Short Horned Dm-liam and its crosses, as })ossessing
finer milking yn-ojierties than any other class. That
the bre<Mling of (jows, with r<'ft?rence to their milking
properties is ii'^cL'ssary, in order to proper success,
neod not be aifirmed. ' It is too evident. In nearly
all our ordinary <lairi(;s are to be found cows whieh,
>vhile yielding consideraljle ciuantities of milk, make
very little butter. Every farmer ought to test the
(luality of every cow's milk when fouryears old. The
test is very simple. Strain the milk for a few sucees-
«ive days into tumblers about six inches deep. Com-
pare the thickness of the cream wit i that of cows of
established milking properties. Weigh tin' miik for
a few days, and churn it, or the (;ream from it, by
itself, and make a similar comparis(jn. Many cows
^vill be turned ont of <lairies by these simple tests as
Worthless, and th<dr places supplied by those which
are valuable. There are other rules given in treatises
on the dairy, for testing the milking(pialitiesof cows,
whi(di the limits properly assigued to this report, for-
bids us to notice.

in a lurg) portion of tho State, no butter is packed

iity

Miy aii'l dime

Tie' lair yirM

i • I 111!" \ Ii Vr t »

r"i| ii! |i - in I ':■■ \ir:n!-

'l' I |- lillt trr t(i

prirr>,
lilly <lnl-

pi-<>rrv-

/ r e.iw, ni t tir b"-t iiiaiia'^ril .jiiri,
lorty doll ar- prr >■• ,\\ . In t !n
ty of the grra! rltir-, t!i • farneM-^
n»:irk<'t ahnost il ii!y, and iiii i!lv 'ile:iiii hi :!i
Honi" nj' rli'ir tl'M-k- uf c.iw- \ irl'linr \nr\y tn 1
lar-; p -r lir;il. 'f h^ inipiirfanrr uf jir.eiril v
ing tie' sunnu a- and tall biift<T fur wiinri- ;iim1 spriiej;
usr, canriut 1» ■ tou ra;ae'-i!v runiiie'iid 'd to tie- fann-
ers ol lie- S;at". Tli t*' uii.dii tu b ■ ni irr pruiit fruni
the sin ill d liri"-, an 1 batt^o- uf a better > jU ili' v oiiijb.t
t ' b<' prudiir •{, 'fli ' < '' aniii'ttee coniariid tlir j>ro-
i'"s:s (| 'vri-il, ,1 l,y yii- \] \ hirkev, of t iirstia- ronn-

ty, to wliuiii tin; scL'oud jo-.-iiiiiim is awarded, a.~ wor-
thy of attention.

The pres(irvation '>[ butter dep"ii 1- maiidv up 'O
thrc" iliiiij -. 1 -I. tiir .|ii li;* y uf tie' milk. 'Jnd, ibe
car<« ill workintr out ;iM ib • l.o't.#r milk. ','>V'l. lii"
keeping the milk ami butter ol an even tein|terature.
Thesi? hints, thus brietlv thrown ont, it is hoped may
be of service to this int(M"'sting ami highly important
branch of Agriculture.

The Committi'e awanl th" pn'minnisas follows;

For the l)e>t butter, of five pounds, to .lonathan F.
Garrar<l, of Sharpslmrg, Alleghany county, l^o. To
F. \ . i)i(;k(\v, (d'Oxford, (Chester (;ounty, s<*cond best,
1^2. To Mrs. .NLirgaret H. Zook, of Lancaster coun-
ty, 3rd best, S2.

The specimens of butter put up by Isaac L»kman,
of Lancaster county, adorned with llowerH and in or-
nniTiented cones, w.as very beautiful — a splrndi^i ui--
iiaiiirnf to an elegant table, didighting the eye wine?

if rr;:;i led tin' tll^te.

'I'll.' < 'uiiitiii 1 1 r.. li;i\c -ufir r\trii(ir(| ilii ir irniark>
uii laiit.T, tli.i* tin V cannot ^rIlIl;;•lJ to intrude any
II] r ei rheese :i e. 1 \r aiey.

'i'iir ).! ifiiiiiii^ awarded are as follows:

Fur ill" br,; (heese, they award the pr' iniiiin t i
.l(d, Hayes, ot Chester county, .^0, For tlie best trn
j.oundsof honey, to W. tt S. Creen, of Xewtown
Square, Delaware county, So. The hive of bees ex-
hibited by ^bissrs. (In^en, is the most perfect of any
wdTudi has fallen under our (d»servatif)n — diploma.

The exhil/Oion of firkin butter, from Sus(piehanna
county, bv W ibi'Mi dessiip, consisted of one firkin
June butter, laid down by Mrs. Joseph Decker. (Me;
ditto, duly butt(!r,by the same. One ditto, August but-
ter, bv Mrs. James Waldie. One ditto, S(>j)tember
butter, by Mrs. John Harrington. One tub «d Sep-
tember butter, bv Mrs. Jani"s Waldie. On" ditto, by
Mrs. Hiram C. Conklin. One tub exhibited by Miss
Sarah jL Walkr^r, of Woodburne, Susfpiehanna coun-
tv. These butters are designed for winter's use, jind
were put up without any reference to exhibliion .at
the State Fair, and are "fair samples of the ordinary
dairies of that county. Th"y are warranted to retaiu
their fineness until .May next, if kept of even tempe-
rature and away from the air. The Committee award
the first premium to Mrs. Jacob Decker for dunt; but-
ter, So. Second premium to ditto, for July butter, ^'5.
The Committee also award a j)rumium of five dollars

248

STATK F.\!i:

N.

ov

each, U. Mrs. WiiMic, Mrs. ilarrin;^'t()n, Mrs. Coiik-
lin and Miss Walkor. Tljcv also award tlio s^icond
priMuiuin for c!im vsc to Mr. j.»hn Tiiriil.ull. of Sus'iuo-
haiitia county, So. Thoy also award pnMnimns of
tvTO dollars ea.;li,*to th" f<>llou'in;;<'xhil»itors of ciioese:
Mr. Charles Loomls. of Siis(|U('liaima county, Mr. J.
liirnott, diito, and Mr. C.d. Curtis, ditto.

Kktculkv Morton, '

Hdwi.v James, - Comniltteo.

John H. Adams,

(Jko. HhKiiiT.

The methods of niakin;^!. utter and cheoso, adopted
hy several eomuctltijrs, were attached, and will he
jeahlished in the pro("eedin;j;s.

EUBCI,

growinjr in thn mountains, ahout twelve niiloM fT
Oarlisle,-and the William l>enn, of ;:oo<T .i',,','!
no8sessin;< a n.-markahly delicious llu\or, from j'w
Houston, of Colunihia. ' •

AV. I). r.KIN( Kl.K.

J. r>. < J \Ki:i:ii,

1>AV1I) MllJ.KU,

J. K. Msni.KMw,

CaSI'EII Illl.I.ER,

Cuiinnittce.

FUllT.

'fii ■ Ja'l;.Cf'« on fruit nispectfuUy K.-.ort ti,:i; j.m-
viously tj enter"n;; on tho prM'forrn:m.'.' «.f tli.'i!- du-
ties, they appointed Do-tor. I. i\. !Mi!. I, ,:,,.. nii'lies-
ter county, an 1 M . Casper lllller, of L i!,r,i.t> r
county, judo-c^s to su}»ply vacancies occasion -(j |,v th.-
non attendance of Messrs. Wni. I\ ll^rrvvt^, of IJucks
county, and J. ?d. M -Minn, of Chester. Thefellow-
in^; awards wjro then made: For tho best and;i;reat-
ost numhor of choici» varieties of apples, to David
Miller, Jr. of CumUerl.md county, S"). For the hest
<lo. do. to Jacol) CvJv'klin, of York county, S'2. F(»r
the host and j;roato<t nuinh 'r of choice Varieties of
peaclies, to J. ^AVilliams, Thorne, Chester cojinty,
^'y. For t!ie seeon<l bi\st do. do., to John .M. Sumy!
Laa3astor co.,^2. For tho best ;ind ;;reatest number of
choice varieties of pears to Dr. J. K. Kshleman, of
Chester c )unty, S^o. For tho second best do. do., to
Isaac 13. 15 ixtcr, F^s-p, of Philad.dphla, S2. For the
bjst and i^reatest number of ^hoice varietich of (piin-
co^, to Dr. J. Iv. Eshlem in, of Ciiester county, So.
For the second best do. do. to J. \) Kast, Cumher-
b»nd county. Si!. F'or the best ar. i ;;reatest varieties
of grapes, to JoUn M. Sumy, of Lancaster count v,
$'). iMr the second best do. do., to Isaac 1». IJ.ixteV,
of Philad.'lpliia, S2. For the ^rreatest nuniher of
choice varieties of different kinds of fruit to Casper
Ililler, of Lancaster county, S8. For the second ])(^st
do. do., to John .M. Sinnv. of Lanca-tiT en., <.').
To Enos Coii;ir.K fMi- App'l'' trees, $5. To L^uis
Li<»;!it, for peach trees, .So. T!i.^ Judii;es notlcd with
much ,2;ralification so fm- a display nf Fruits ; in this
respect, the improvement nn t!ie la-t Staf(> Fair was
particularly strikin-. A hcautiful c .Ih'ction from
the Hon. Joiia. McW'.Uiani^, nf lluntiiiLrddii countv.
Cjntainini; twenty-one varieties oi' apphs. fur whi.-h
a premium of .^r/was awarded. Thjy caiin .t. also,
refrain from noticin;:: specially, tho larnre an i fiir
spocimms of White Doyenne Dears, exhibited by Pe-
ter Koinheist, of Dauplun county, and Dr. Fmanuel
C. Carpenter, of Lancaster city. Tho branch iMiled
with ((uinces of Inrge size and beautiful appearance, '
gr.jwn by G:or;;e Jk'ar, of Lancaster. Themai^nificent
belle-fleur apples, from It. S. Zahm, of Lancaster.
Tho box of dried prunes, by Miss Ilelfenstein, of Lan- '
caster. Tin; lar;^e and fine collections of a native
Pennsylvania aprdo, exhibite<l under tho several sy-
nonyms of ^Fallen AV'ater," *'Tulpehockon," an'd
P*)und, by Abraham Brenner, Asab(d Walker, David
Miller, Jeremiah (Jrelner, au<l from tlie Perry county
Aj;ricuUaral Society. They also noticed, with much
pltfasure, many promisin;]; seedling; apples, of Penn-
sylvania orijrin. Amon;^; these wo will notice the
•'P.o.do's Choice," from J. W. Thorne, of Chcjster
county, "Cocklin's Favorite." from Jac<d> Cocklin, of
York county, and David Milh^r, of Cumberland co.
The Mountaineer, exhibited by David Miller, found

VIKiLTABLFS.

The C,)nnnittee on Ve-.'iablrs of the second Annu
alF.xhibitionol th^' Pennsylva.iia State A-rin,hurai
Socn^ty. II, piHMini-.- nil!,,, -hities detailed to tliom
be-moM i-^iMTtlully to !•.•,,. ,n ihat tliev have nia'fle

thy Innwwoi-a-Aard-ac^ hiej; to t!i.> -•n. ill..!, uf Mrts

miinii- laiil hi-lMrc thrm, vi/. : ' '

•N'- '•>. To ('avjuT Ili!l>. ,-.,,;■ Lmcaster county, for

t'l.-lMst a^^MitiMrot n( \.'-viahlcs, a i)rizeof >5« 'Vr.

' '• ' • -Jo,,.,,!, (,. I ,ivl..r. < h, .t.r c.untv, for th<'

!.--• IJ Iialllniij- hi, mm! iMM'ts, >-J. \,,. p.). to (Wr

IMhi-, Liiira-t'T ('..iintv, f"i- on- (\iy/.vn bfst turnir

ruoted beets, S2. No. 12. To !'. S. \o-el, Lancaster

county, for the best six heads of caulitl owers, S2.

No. M. To Flias BoIkm-, Lancaster county, fur the

I best iJh^'ads drumln^ad <■ ihba;xes, ;xross weit'htof

^ clean li^'ads, 20:, lbs., S2. No. 1(5. '|\, Casper Fliller

I for the best dozen (-arrots, Si. X.,. 21. To baiiiol

j Sternman, L;incester county, f )r the best dozen cele-

I ry, SI. No. t'>8. Cyrus Ilaldenian. Lineas(er countv.

for the best peck of onions. Si. No. 72. Joseph (j.

Taylor, Chester county, for tin; be>t doz-n ])arsnins,

, Si. No. ()4. Jose}»Ji U. Cornell, liucks coimty, for

I the 1)es^t .] bushel se(Mllini^ potatoes, named stone liill.

Si. No. 11. Casper ILller, Lancaster county, ft.r

the best peck of sweet potatoes, SL No. 'J. ^lartiu

Nunemaeher, Lm -aster county, for the best 3 field

tui-nips, Si .

They would also award the followinj^ si>eoial pre-
miums :
, ^ No. 10. Tw r. S. \'ogel, Lancaster county, a spp-
I cial premium for 12 roots chicory, .^1. No. 11. F.
, S. ^'o^ld, Lan<^a<tor connty. ^^v 12 heads of r"] cab-
' ])ac!^e. a special pi'ianimo oi >1. .\o. :\H. .b.hii I . li^in-
it-!i, Laiica-t-'i" city, ior a choir • l-'r.ar/ii i.af:< i- i.iimp-
k'li, \Vi'i!j;hiii-- < i2 I Ih-.. a .-jM'i'ial pi'nniujii ol >1.

It Would iiavc ailordiMl y.uir coiinuit t'^' iiiii 'h more
;j:;ratilication to have scai a nmrc iiiini. ;'ou» (li>;il;iv
{or eoiii|)etition. 'i'hfy \v^ leavii to u^r the IrotHldm
to su_ij:;<i;»*^t that all who ha\i' aiiv icai'drn jii-oiiuft- "H
coining:; occasions, shiaiM hriiii:; tleau ior\\;ii'ii lr'"lv.
a- in manv instances the ]>ri/(;s far eclipse tiie value
vi' tlic articles oil whii-h th- y are ]»estowe(l. 'flierewas
no article clos.'ly eonipelcd ior, unless that of cahbapc,
two other lots of which were within a shadf of being
erpial to the twelve that obtained the first prize. Wo are
inoebted to the spirit of our fdlow memher, Peter
Bright, I^-;({.,for havini;- broup^ht to our notice the
great seedling; potatoe, from tlu^ Waljash, Indiana,
called ''seodliuLi" pink eye/' There were seven of
theni, avera^in*^ 2 lbs each, and some hnvo l)een known
to be as heavy as 4 lbs., and are in quality and pro-
ductiveness (as report says) erpnil to their size.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Pv. liuisT, I

IIknkv T. AVeigakt, ; Committee.
Den J. Hi; nil. ]

AGRICULTUR A L PRODUCTIONS.
The Committee on Ai^ricultural Productions hav-
in<;^ carefully examined the various articles in that
department, and critically compared the samples ex-
hibited in competition, beg leave to present the foi-

1^:i2.1

STATK FAIR.

240

,. Willi r»'p"il. P«»r the be^t buslnd ot White; Wheat,
(IMiic Stem,) exhiliiteJ by C. R. llcrr, Lancaster
county . they award the pr.-niinm of S2. Pur the next
lM"»t do., (Craii;:*',) exhibited by Abraham Jb'ss, (.f

Jijuipliin. tlx'.v recommend a premium ol Si, Porthe
ti.'Xt h''>t bii>^!h'l of K'mI W ht-at. (Mriht'Tranean,) ex-
),ihit'*d by Mr. (J. P., care o( David liartman, lln-y
jiwanl tic premium of S2. Por the next best ditto
(.M'MJitcrranean,) exhil)ited bv Jolm 11. Mdler.of Lan-
rastcr cinmty, they recommeiKl a j)remium of SI.
Ker tiic be^t bushel of (Jourd Seecl, (()re«j;on,) ex-
liii.itfil by Ca>p<'r Ililler, of li an ast-M* countv, they
iiwiird a }>r''miiun of S2. Por the b.'st bushel of
mixed <'oin, exhibited by Daac Kckman, . of Lincas-
UT county, they awaril a pr-jniinn ol' s_' i',r the
n('.\t best ditto. exhilMt.'ii I .y ( 'ii;i rl - <'.i-
baneaster counI_\. th' \ reeonnniiKJ a jiri m'
P.ir th'^ best bush"! ot ( )ats, exhi liited bv < .

tv»b». (.f M ont'j^omery < ii'y. rh.-y aw.n 1

()( ^2. P"i- the test !.>■-! diiiM, rail -I ' '
iilently th<' potatoe,) exinhn ■.,
of baneastor count \. t !ii\ r. ■

fl.
h

SILK

ii! e

eah •'! <
l.y P.!
Ill II ear I a iir^aii ,i

elay.
II! ot > I.
■^. W :iiii
'(■'■nil ilia
I a II. (ev-

f

TheCuinmittee ot Silk have examlni'd the Hpecim<'ns
of silk CocooiiH, raw and n^ded 8ilk, Hewin;: and spun
silk exhite(l, and tiny award to Pavid M. Pverly, ol
liancaster county, a premium (»! So, for the l»e.st lot
of (Joeoons. whieh Jir.' of the pea-nut variety, and ex-
cell in liimness, cempactiveness and wei*;^hl. To
Miss llairieit Summy, ol liant-aster c(.unty, a pre-
mium ofS'i.for th«' second Ix'st lot <d the same variety,
distin;^uished by the same (pialilies, but in a less de-
cree. Also, a premium of ^ii for beautiful specinn'us
(d" Silk, spun from perforated (.'ocoon^, and suitable
fir the manufacture of Cl,,vs or Ilo-e. 'j'o Pavid
M. Pvei-Iy. tle-y likewis(si\vard a jtr- mium of S". for
tie- !"•■ ' ' 11 ''•iiot'n-i <>i' raw ainl r.'.'l. il sill;: one i

I I II li>.'e

[Ml IMl t ' ij'

1 1 a \ I i I .; 1 _'
t ie 1 r r''.rii

to li IMl i 1. V>-<'

(d" sewin;; si

' •iiut-re

!•"> \\\>v>-^ \'> till' tlir. a.l, •! \h']

I n"''-' t' I till' tiiri-a^l, l.oiii rrjiiar
aiiivaiil perfeetiou. Amltlievawa

ahl

tlie
lite,
for

i] to

ia !■
tie'

: ' in: 111! lor the be<t Hpeei netn
ai'' twisted and e 'iiiaiii I'lO

r.

U\>r<

!o III,- V.Wi-

a lei a!->'

I,

nil of [ and appareully of ^reat streiinih.

< ||il 1 1 t !iirl;!ie8S
'I'liere all' two

I. For tin* be>L Imi-1i''1 oi Potatoes, ^ Mercer. ) ex- speedmens, each of considerabliMpiantity, and dyed
ihited bv S. C. Slavmaker. ol Lancaster (Muntv, thcv Miss Sumv exhihite(l a small sriecimen ol' IS skein:

award a premium of S2. Pur the the uext be.^t ditto,
(IJeiiuuda,) exhibited by Dr. John Kerwin, of the
State Lunatic Asylum, Dauphin county, they re-
cnninicnd a premium ol" >l. Por the best iajshel of
Sweet Potatoes, exhibited by Benjamio llijekwalter,
of Lineaster county, they award a premium (d" J^2.

In eonclusii II, tli" ('ommitt'^e award h';;;h ]r.a!se to
numerous Pxhihitors of Aii^ricultural production^,
whose several nani(»s and articles will be s[»e(ified in
the ^ceneral report. They cannot, however, avoid an
expression of re^^ret that ;:r(\ator comj)etition in many
particulars had not existed, but as the subject is cun-
piirativdy new, in central Peunsylvania, the pre^ient
offart will doubtless leatl to increased exertion. All
iif which is re-pectfully submitted.

Pwil) L.WDRETII, ^

S. T run ITT,

Marshall P. 11i<;;ma\,

James L\ a.ns.

Committee.

J

i'(>i'> Acct).

I'

(d sewin;;; silk, twisted from the raw silk, and retain-
in;; tin? ;;um, whiidi the Committee think is not <piit<'
ctpial to the former. Mr. Jonas Jiaum;»n, of i'inla-
delphia. exhibit '<1 h>r the v^hakers of "White Water
Villa:i;e," Chio, a handsome sjiecini'-n of raw and
reeb'd silk, of six fibres to tlie thread, which tie- Cnin-
mittee ailmire for softness aiel b-auty, but as it is
not th(! e;iowrii (A' .Mr. IJauman, they believe* they
hav(j not the power to award him a preiniutn, thou;;h
they commend him for the exhibition.

A. I. IIWKS, I

A. i'. A NDiusoN, ,- Cumiuittee.

W.M. U Cl.|;(.K>, )

_To Frederick W.itts, Presidiiit of tie- Peiiii<y]va-
riia State A;;ricul:iiral Sieii-tv.

1 ll" ' ''UnmitCOe on Tolnec) be.r le ive to Ml ik" the

r>ll<nvin;»; report, 'f ii 'C lia\''. alter a earern! e\ imin
ation of all the samples exliile'" I. a\'. ird th.' tir-t
premium of S8, to John li. Smith, of Lancaster
<''unty. Pa. The second premium of $<!, to Peter
Roth, of ^ ork cf)unty. Your Committee also re-
comni'Mid a special premium to Henry Pn.iiile, of Lan-
•^ii^-ter county, of S:i, for a sample of Sf>ed Leaf ex-
Idhited. JohnS. (iable, of Lancaster, and P. C. Pb
^rrnan
I.

fi

an-A u.-uiier OI n,,» last named samples were eq
tiioso to whieh ]>remiums were awarded. »Tohn K.
R'Tr ami Jarnes Collins aNo exhibited jrood sam-
pl*''^. IhiMpiantitv exhibiteil, thouirh not lar;:;e, was
'jToneraliy (,f a ito'imI cpiality. Kvans .t Shultz, of
biineaster, exhibit<Ml a varic^ty of sejrars, of an ex-
<^f^ll«'nt ipi liity and superior workmanshi[), f ir wdiich
your ( ■onimittee recommend a premium of $5. All
"1 whieh isj respectfully submitted, &e.

David Mumma,

J. P. RiTiiERFoRD, \ Committee.

John F. Shroder,

I L'AVKKS.
The Committee on Flowcjrs report that there was
not exhibited any collection of ^rt^win;!; llowers, nor
of Roses, nor <jf Camelias, nor anv cidlection of
Dalhitis, as deservin*; a j)remium. They cannot there-
fore award pi-emiiini . a-^ inti'ii'l''! by the society.
Rut Cia-Laiii otlhT ariicl-- w n' juiiiri ai tie' list com-
mitted to t! <-ni, w iMeh t h' iii'.;!i II' I p;-' iniuni-^ w a i''' oiI.t-
e 1 lor t'leiii, yet tie- ( '.iiaiiiilti'i- !liiiil> .j"-' I ■. in / "it lea*
of i'\tra priaiiiiiin-, or li"!i 'IM !'!■• ii^ta- ' tli'T -"f. A
^Ooij, >niall eiillei • iMti I li 11 a if ai M
a fini' -piciini'ii of the "."^iTi'W P;
T ffi'. ' I'anana Tree," "Su'j-ar Ti"'',
t^c, exiiibitt.Mi bv tie' 1 loii. I '. P.. \ oi
casti'r city, to which liey awa.d .i
Hofpiet of' Artilicial flowers, of Feathers, by P'lrbara
Minnich, of Lancaster county, of ir3. Wreath of
Artificial Flowers, made ot hair, by Miss Mary M.
Kberrman, (d Lancaster (;ity, a premium of l^o. Hand-
some lio(piet of Xatinal Flowers by Mrs. A. I. P'h

ant

uilin;:;

iiii

, ill

'( 'iiiiiaiiioo
••Call- Tr-.'."
ii r-iii!i li, ot Laii-
]ir;'!i.iii!ii o| •<■>.

rrnan exhibited fine samples of the crops of 1 Sol, erts, of Lancaster county, Ot; varieties, and many o

ut your Committee think exhibitors sluaild be con- t*'^'"» ^'<'»7 ^"^'' <^ pr'"mium of .S2. Ro(piet "I ^■'J'"*iil

nod to the crr»p of 1852, in the receipt of premiums, Flowers by Joseph Tew<lall, nanlner to J. >» . ilwus-

nd neither of the last mimed samrdes were equal to t(m, of Columbia, Lancaster county, a premium or

S2. Two vases of Artificial Flowers, (d' paper, by
M. P>. Thomas, of Chester county, a premium of SI.
A basket of Artificial Flowers, «d' ].ai)er, by Master
C. Ivine, of fiancii^ter city, ajn-amium oi Si. 'fhreo
vases (jf Articilial Flow(-rs, of wax, v>«-ll nnnle and
colored, thou;.di not (juite true to nature, by .lames
S. Cambell, of Lam-aster city, a premuim of Si. The
Committee were also ;;lad to see a ^ood collection of
Evergreen Trees and Shrubs, by David Miller, Jr.,
of Cumberland county. Also, one by Paschall Mor-
ris & Co., of West Cliestcr. And a good, small col-

250

^T ATI: FAIR.

lection of Cacti and othor iloi-llouso Plains, v.iunh-
ited by A. N. Brrix'nian, of Lancaster citv.

|{. I'atikuson, ] n *^

Tiios. 11. HruRows, j <-^"»'"'

> r V T^nPiBPvsn

N"m-r»,

k

ilttee.

Iiorsi-HOLI) MAXTFArTlJllES.

To the President of the Pennsylvania A-rricultural
Soeioty. " '^

Th<? ('ominltteo on TI()u;?ehoM Mannfaotnres re-
port that thi'V have (examined the artieh^s named, and
desrrihiMl in the list submitted to thrir char;^e. Many
of them, in (»nr opinion, merited prcmiinns, which,
under the authority ^ivm us, w<' cmuM not award.

To Dana (Jraham, Lancasti r, I'l.. n v.ni'v ui
Horn Combs, dipl.«!na. daeolt W. Miiii!!:i]!. 1. i;"u-:is-
ter county, lor the best silk <,>iiilr. So. Mrs. i)r. Kt-
foot, Lancaster city, Ibr smiond best silk (,>iiil[, SI.
ISIrs. Barltara Kchtcnn i 'lit. l/,ui.M-r,'r .■ nmt v. Iicst
Quilt, $5. Mrs. I>r. i;. i;. (\i l,,-;in. ( 'nhimbia,' 1. m-
caster county, for tho KocMi.l l,.>>t (,>uiit. >.;. yiv<.
John(f. Ivlciss. Lancaster city, \'<>v tli.> b.-^t (" .imtrr-
paiH', §3. Mrs. Henry St;ivl(>v, ( icti vshui-::, I'.i., \')\'
eoeond best Counterpane SJ. " Mrs. Stnn-, L;ni,;iM r
city, for l)est small Quilt, di'ij, una. Mi<^ L;i-vV.
Swartz, L;incaster city, best lleanh Ku-. >;. Mrs.
liachel Taylor, Chester county, host sampb' of h(mie-
inade H-d Curtains,.*?!. H.-nry Hersh, Lancaster,
Pa., best Ua'j; Carp.^t. dipl una. Lancaster Cmitv
Prison, exhibited by !i ilrsli, for best pieces cot-
ton Kerseymere, SL .Mrs. il ,::ir.. Hu-hs ,.|,. L mcav
ter city, for ])est Ladies h»r I rn Stand, diplonia. Mi-
Abrahiim IIend(d, Lancaster city, be.t umsfad worst-
ed 8(da Cushion, diploma. Mrs. Anjia AVci<rand,
Lancaster city, for ]ar;:;e picture, diploma. Miss
Yates, Liincaster city, best Window lilinds, $1.—
Ephraim Xe\vc(»mer, Lancaster city, ])(»st Tow«d and
Pillow Cases, diploma. Minerva IJennett, Clio-^tor
county, best Nettin;; Work, iliploma. Mrs. .M, W.
Garman, Lancaster city, ]»est Tidy for Kockino:(1iair,
djj)h)nm. i)o. do. do. i for Quilt,*^ diploma. Isirs. S.
Kenedy, Lancaster city, best Pound Cake, $2. Miss
Lydia Miller, best Floss Box, diploma. G. Apph^-
by, Lancaster city, best home-madtMirral anl !',ais-
cuit $2. l>eniamin r>uckwalter, L:in'a->t(r riiv, second
best Bread, l?l. Miss Kat*' W-Mvcr, L inca^^r.M' citv.
for fam^y Tianip Sb.a-lr. diploma.
Fordney, Lancaster city, I'.r s '-Mud
ture, needle work, diplomti. Liu^ia
abethtown, Lancaster county, La- I^ -
Work, Si. Perry County *A;!;ri.iil'
best Domestic Linens, $2. Also, on
Matilda 15. Tluanas, Chester county, for best lid
A'alance, diploma. Samuel Branett, Cumberland
county, for ])0<^t pair of t^iilts, dijdoma. Catharine
L. Bear, rdiza])ethtown, Lancaster county, one Quilt,
made with left hand, dijdoma. Mrs. Mari;arett Wat-
son, Lancaster county, lor best worked Ottoman Cov-
ers, SL 3Iiss Krb, York county, best Sola Cover,
diph)ma. John H. Ducham, J^ancaster city, variety
of Jellies, $2. Mary S. Carpenter, Lancaster city,
one pair V/orsted Slippers, diploma. ^Matilda U.
Tliomas, Chester county, for Cake Cover, Chair Cush-
ions, one Cushion, diploma each. Miss S. IF., Lan-
caster city, for three sanijdes of thread Lace, premium
SI. Tvro pairs fancy children's Jlosc, Si. K. \'.
Dickey, Chester cunnty, best Reticules, diploma. —
^lary Ilof/inan, Lancaster city, for a pair <d" knit cot-
ton Jloso, diploma. Mrs. Eliza CJ.* Walk(»r, Alle-
gheney county, for best pair white wool half Uose, di-
ploma. ?diss Vates, Lancaster city, for best honey-
comb Towel iuiis, SI. Do. for best"^ Piano Cover, SI.
^liss Ann IL Burrows, Lancaster city, for pair La-
dies' half IIoso cotton, diploma. Mr.* Henry C. Luc-

iiaiii

1/

Mr. \\

bi'^i l-'ancv 1
Kciii-iiiLLi'i'. K
; picci' (jf \
ii:il Socicly
<,Mr.lt, (lij')lieii 1

her, J.iincaster city, one jur Pumpkin lUnuT.
Jacob 15. Shuman, of Lancaster citv h.r don,"
Linen Shirt, S2. Do. Crab Apple d.-llv ,ii"[,'^
Miss Francis ( Icrhart, Philadelphia city, for o,,;,!!"^
Qudt, dipl.mia. Miss Mary Ibdfman, Laneast«rdh
for unfinished (^lilt, containin'' '2iV.\') luicos .,«/'

• . I 1 • • •— I ■* ''•^) Mill] i^

IS said to be in th<',2dyear of her a-e dir,!...'
iss { . L. llaldeman, for one ,]ar of Aj.pl,. H^,.'
diploma. Susan K. Swartz, Adams c(»unty, lor J
ture of Pennsylvania Colle^^e, worked in woi'sto,! [*
hibited by Samuel Witherow,) premium. Si. '[<)%
Job Hayes, of Chester county, for best pair ol hom.
Til I I.' lilankt't^. " I

'f liiM \< P. CoCUR \N. ]

•'"'■'■ ''■'■ ''I !"''J, ;■ Co;-, mitten

1 Jwii.N Kiu,i;i{, I

, Mi-:! ll.VMC AIM'S .W i» IM:M .Mi;K\iK[i
I AKTK id ,--.

'1'''' ^ ' """>:''•■'■ N". 2^. oil me riiiiii Tired iirticK
and .Mr;-'i:i!,ir .\r!-:. K "|hwt tiiat tte-\- have diseharf
••d liiat (lutv. Ill <'.!n<iMpi('iic,' of tlio \ "I'v !:ir"o du&
b"i' id artiidc- ridfrrcil to thrm |,,i- <\:iiuinati()n, thf
lia\.'\\iiii -i-cit (iifii.nl; y com.' t.» the lollowingc^.- •
clu>,oti. 'fli'x \\oiild i-''-pM'ct!'iiilv su^XLiest to the Ei
eculive Cimiiiiie:', that, us w^reaL variety of urtici'-;
are pres -nted by Ladies and cntorjn-isin;^ mecliiimt> ^
lii i: wienever in their j.owci. ii would be deL'inP(i&. ;
\i-abh.' to allow a- iiiaii\ small {)remiums ofothervf
wards as they can with jn-opriety and justice to otli''i
'ranches of industry, but would particularly recci
mend the folio win;:;, viz: 1

Domestic (ilass Wans ]»y Francis IL McCush. ■
Alle;!;lieney county, was a very pretty si)Ocimen of vi
riegated and fancy ;:lass waiv. We recoiniiK'iid th-
a |)remiuni be awarded of S3. A Copjwr Kettle::
<\ V. Laise, of Lancaster city, was worthy of not:.
A Dressing Case, by Andrew' \V. Bear, (d Luiciui'
city, a lad sixteen years of a^e, is well wortliy oft
tice, and is deserving of a j)rcmium of one dolk
Geo. Flick, (d' Jjancaster, exhibited two cases
hiiid-Mii.dy Stuffed Birds. Wm. C. (JhamljerlaJL :
ol L iiicaster, also had two cases of Stuli'ed Bir:
wliiili w. 're verv beautiful. Fa(di a Diidoma. lieei-: ,
I'l'. llariii^M \v Beecln'r, (d" L;i:e';i >!i'r i- iii!it\ , •■.xii:
t'''i aTjoili slii'ariii-' iiiai'h.inc, \\ hirii w a ;i \"rv i:
ty spfiMiii:'!! of iMi'cIiani^iii. .\ prt iniinn 'u t."
dollai-^ av. ;i;-d"d. .^li->< 1 lanii'!> ! \ . ol Laiir;i>i<.'r. ..
hi^it•■d t'oiir (• ilorcd ( ':;t \ oil <h-a win.:-, o;' niiiidi l»eK t
tv and lii-hK (!■•- a-\ iiij; ot' iiotiro. \ j'ijduma. .M:-
P. Mail h'li. ot Lancaster, y)resente<l some very t
-|»'iniiii'- ( I needle work. >d i'. II. IJauni.irardD''
of Lancaster, (whibited some tine sj)eciminos ut Nj-
ticoke Coal. Simon S. Bathvoih?, of Lancaster, i-
j)layed a cabin<>t of very beautiful insects. A Dip
ma. F. W. Carf)enter, of Ltincaster city, cxliil^H'
a variety of superior Planes, to a\ hom we recouiraet
a premium of three dollars. John Stanini, of ^
caster, present(Ml three Planes worthy ot esjteciaii'
tice, and a premium of one dollar. C. A. ileinits' I
of iiancaster city, disj)layed a variety of jwmw
and ground spices. A Dij>loma. I. ivotluM-nii ,
Jjancast(!r, a variety of Brushes, wlii(di were jer
creditable to the manufacturer. A i)iploina. R^^
it Case, ol York, Pa., Hay, Sr(»ck and PlatJoim Scajfr '
for which we also recommend a premium of livedo'
lars. (^onesto^o Steam Mills, disjdayod a sjjeciDiei
of their manufactures, such as Prints, Sheetinp
Tickin;!:s, A:c., all of which was much admired I'jt^
committee. A Dijdoma. Mrs. Worl'-y, of ham;*";
cr county, a very handsome fancy chair, whii^^D'^''!

z' - _ , 1 1 - — 1_ i I \; • .1. .1111 I." I

to

fine specimen of needle work. A Dij»l<'iw^- " ;
\cry handsome fancy baskets, by Miss CaMw*-'!'' j

STAdi: i Ml!

2r)l

ppeoial notice, an
iiiver, of Lan>'a>t<
!,(• h, a I>;pl"ina
a handsoin.' \..ni t;. ' d

also Cal'iie
'■,1V, eipiM 11\

I in

I

l/incft><t^r county. A Dijd.Mua. (ieo. Kitch, of Lan-
^,f^^wr county, a lot of tine j)r>'ssed bricks. A Dij)l(>-
ina. Jl- ^ • I^"<'1>''''' ^ disj)lay of handsome Morocco
b.«aflj''J*. worthy of a ju-emium. A Dijdoma. Miss
Slirciii'T, (d" Lam'a^tcr city, a beautibilly worked fan-
ovwor-ited Kockin;; Chair. A Dijd(»m i. Mrs. Wm.
Miit'iiot, of Lancaster city, a ))eautifully ornamented
nirtun' Irann', made of leather, and also an elejrant
l.racket of till' same material. uMre j)articularly ad-
mired by the Committee. .\ Dijdoma. S ivery it* Co.,
of Philadeljdiia, for "X'arnish Boilers,'' and enamel-
ed inilk j):ins, ))oth of whi«di does (!re<rit to the man-
ufacturers. A h.ploiiia. < i .. I'. ii.)i(., ot l.iticaster
citv, .1 ''.iri'iy ol ('iLiieM Work in:.d ■ wortliv (d"

'are, |,\ ( '. Wid
'I'M I \ I .| at ; to ioii ,
' d I 'liihid •' |i!iia,
'■\"riii_\ ol noiiec,
A Ihjdoma. Josejdi A. Ivautl'man. of Lane i-^t.T ritv.
a j»air 'd' Fr'Mudi l)Oots of\.ny le a' \'. orMii inv:,ip,
worthy of a |.r.'!nnini <d' tlir^'o .IdJur-. Koni^'mack-
er n i> '"A ill m, «d Lanra-ter ciiy, two d i/.,mi (';ilf
Skills", and inn<» i"' 1i> ot line jenhcr m i diiii" li'dtinj-.
fur whi»di we roc .nine nd a |ir.aniiiai ol ihrei. dollars.

r I (rilourk, (d Lin.-ivi,.,- (iiy drab coat of

haiidsome workmau.shij), and W' 11 .r .f up. A j^re-
miuiu ot one dollar. ^Viidnw >io,ui, ui Lincast(?r
county, a samj)le of russt i l>rid!e l(;aiher, and e. v-rv
fino chaise hide, a j)remium of two dollars. A. II,
Locher, of Lancaster city, a lot of Lasts and Shoi-
makers TooN, which were v.jry credilald" to the man-
ufa.'turer, a j)remium of one dollar. 11. Sidel. of
Virk county, a very ingenious Hub Au^i^er, ami box
n'Ljulatiui^ machine. A j»remium of two dollars. C.
Anne, id' Lancaster city, a handsome manufaeturi'il
..ork bo.x, Ivobert Jackson, of Philadeljdiia, for a
frro'M and handsoui" d;sj)lay ot Zephyr W(»rk, for
wliitdi we recommend a j»remium of two dollars. D.
l>rawbau;ih, of Cumberland c(ninty, a stave Jidnter,
worthy of a |)remium of tv; i didlars. iJtdden it
Price, of Pidladeljihia, for their handsome disj)lay (»f
Adamantine, Stearine and Sj> rm < andles; Cod liv-
er, tanners and other Oils, and are w. ithy of a pre-
mium of five dollars. Mi--^ Kalxdhi A. Slaymaker,
of Lancaster county, e.\!ii'nit'M| a speciia.'ii o[ 'i'liiln't
nia le of Turk'V f-'ade'r-^, whi^di di>pl.ly•^ nin-'i i i-tc
;iiidingenuity. A D.jdonii. Mi-- ldirnia!i. ol L mcas-
icr city, al- » a \ >t\ hand-oMi' i-ai^.-d wor-t.-d worked
Ottoman. A D pi »ina. L icy ^ l'nil:j>-. ot Piiila
delj»hia, foi- e. ver\ iiand-. ni'"! s"t of <i a!!)le harness.
A j)rein iini of si-K. ddjars. rdnann ' Metz^L^ar, (d'
Lanea'^ter city, a premium for his 1. mlsoine sett (yl
dou'd" harness; second premium (d four dollars,
ll'-nry Pinkerton, of iiancaster city, for his s(!t of
•loulde harness. A Dijdoma. K Shaefer A: Son, of
Lancaster citv, for their very handsome ridin:; Saddle
and Knsset traveUne; Tru:ik* So eaidi. A. F. & S. C.
Slayinak(»r, of Salisbury, fiincaster county, for supe-
rior turned l)ed |)osts, a j)remium of S2. Hen-
ry Sliej)ler oi Frai\klin county fi)r his portable
combine»l cider mill and press a premium (d" S3.
There were sever d others exhibited of a similar con-
struction, wlii(di were also desorviu;; of notice. The
Committee also noticed a portaide, circular saw mill.
The owner not Ijcinn; present, we can say very little
ah'uit its ni'^rits. (i. \V . Waj^ner, of Uoxborou^h, of
l^hiladeljdiia county, for his supnrior lie;ht hu<^<ry wa-
^on, with top, a premium of So. l^uinu A: Palmer, of
Jf'^rK-, Pa., for their neat huntiir,!^ wap;on, a premium
^f So. B. Landis, Lancaster county, for his li;;ht
fimily cirriage, also a premium of S-L Jolin K. Lan-
d's, Lancaster county, for his sausago cutter, a pre-
mium ofSL J. Franklin Kcigart, Lancaster city,

I xhibitod a model of a cast iron brid;;e, whn haep. ai^
to be a very comjdete piece of meidiaiiism and in;;e-
nuity. He also exhibited two very line sjiecimcns of
fancy j)enmanshij>. Miss .Mary Lberman, Lam aster,
a Very handsome and ingeniously contrived hair
wreath, a dijdoma. S. I'. I !aines, ' Lancaster city, a
very well arran;;ed tew jnj.e, lor smith's lor;^e, wfiiidi
the commtttee consider hie;Idy cnMlitalde and ingeni-
ous, a jiremium of S'J. Lewis t\)oj)er, Lancaster co.,
e.xhiidted a lime sj.readin;; nia(d»ine, wiiich, after

I ■" i-\ .••■•■■■■•■ , .....^..,

trial, proved satislaciory — a premium of :5">. \S n
Kverhart, Fayette county, for samples of a handsom

Window ( dass, a pr- iMiiini (d' S*J.
Ilouo.d.i;-. Wax

W- eM(iiit w t' 1
lie.!' and li 1 1 1 n;: I'm.,,,. >, l,'..i

1 1 ] , ; , I \ 11 I . t 1 1 , .^ I , , I ■

p I V o ; w a !
and 1 M-

I -ai lo r.

e aetiii;r,
!

A

1 1 - doll

niiip, w ii,r!i w a . fo!! v !•■-!• -1 m

Mil ' M .. 11 .:r -on 1 - w \\], an aoipiM mi ji

■ ». \\ iiii.ini < imm: m 1

01,01 < '!ic.-,;fi- e.iUOi^N , ljo.il fX-

taiii-. ol very similar coiistriietion,
which seem to answer a very iroo(l

ale

1 • .''''■ ' ' ' ■ A 1 1 1 . 1 . ' I L .: o M o 1 I - Willi an a 1 1 1 1 ' i ' '
;i pi'' nniMii ol
^Ill:in - ■• '■
hibited liydr inl.r 1

goo(l jiUi-p()se, and
uoialiy ol notice.

The (Jomniitt(!e also notic • a In* .■,,iis',-,tiii_' (d' s' \-
*'ril b i:toU ot ('Ii'inral Mi:, or-, pii'pared \>\ M'",
A. l'..\-oii, :d I'iidil I'oMa. d'iiev retjret that this
gentleman \\a~ na present, to give the reijuisite iii-
tormation lesjM'riing this arti(de, but from theintclli-
e»'nci.! lh«;y Were abh; lo gam roncenong il, ihey are
inclined to the ojduion tfiat it is (les(>rving of n.itice
fro n Agriculturists, and lor its practical eil'ect as ft
fertilizer.

The Committee fe(d that they would fail in an ini
portant part of their <luty did they omit to notice, in
the strongest terms of commendadon, the very exten-
sive aiel inteicsting ctdlection of Wocds, oxhiljitcd by
P. A. Browne, Fsri., (d IMiiladeljdiia.

Tin; industry and j)"rseveran ;e of this gentleman,
inexamininLT and (ducidatin^ this imi)ortant branch
of Agricultural economy will, when j)roj)erly under-
stood and aj)j»reciated by our P(;nnsylvania Sheep
Farmers, da nnndi towards j>romotinga ])roj»er system
of breeding ami management of the different varie-
ties of She(ip. 'fhe Collection of Wools exhibited,
comprises above- PJOD sjiecimens, from vaious narts of
the world. M. !it 1(10 of them are fiom a c<dle( tion
\\ Mol. pro-rrifed to >L-. P>rowne. I^vjIm-

if r ,1! ,il ''V _ (llllliMcill '• \ an I le - !)■' Ill t il

of

K

J»rinrip:i 1
ddiei-c ar-

^L•. Pjrowne. \i\

liill ''V , clilliiMr!!!/- \ an I le - !)■' Ill

L'l- »\\ in;i di-!ries i>l the kiiiLid'ai'.

- !i oiii varieu- p.iri^

o:

c

Saxoiiv
1 1 ■• o t 1 1
■ ' h.' .

ipw' .r.K of |(i"\ai

tlio I'nio'd Siaio-. ani-n_^ win'di the ("iiii'iitt'e

are idfiast'd to find many from "H! > ■ n !'i ni.svh ;itiia

>!i' ' p banners, wii'hdi. t'"r liia ness of slaj^'" -nd ex-

c dlcMice "d" (piality, will comjtare favorably witii thohO

from any other [)art (dthe world.

Evans it Walker, of IMiiladeljdda, exhibited and
tested, by fire, to tin; full stitisiaction of the Commit-
tee tludr fire-'oroof safe'. A premimn of So. Moses
S. Woodward, Chester county, f»r imj. roved IJrako
for wagons and (;arts, a ju-emium of S2. T;> Saimnd
(irolf, for Sattinetts exhibited, a dij)loma. IL W.
Addis, for Daguerotypes, a dij)lomti.

The (Jominittee would resj>ectfully submit this n -
port to the Fxecutive <'ommiitee.

KoiJFHT T. PoTT-S

J.\.Mr.s Chksson,

JoSKI'U Ko\10M.\( KKR,

(1kok(;i: W. Sm-vfij kk, |
K. AV. H.M.K, I

Lkwis Lf:vis, J

The Committee neglected to insert Mrs. Louisa
Coffey, of Lancaster city, in the fo:egoing report, for
her ca^o of very handsome Infant Sh(»es. which arc
worthy a dij)loma.
Jo>Ei'ii KoNiGM.vcivER, Scc'ry of the Committee.

- Committee.

STATE FAIR

MhCUAMC AIITS A\|) (XKXl'MKKATKD
^ ^ ^ AllTICLKS, \o. 2'.).

ninifr i;'''^:'i'J;ntan<l OHi.ors <,f the l>.nnsvlva-
nister ' '^'^'''^'■''^^'*''^^ Sj.jicty, iir)^ mo^Hin- at "l.an-

Yol^r(^Mnmitt(H>ap^.Mnto(^tooxami^o articlo^ un-
<W ( ,la.s No.i>.», <,n LM (Mass of I'u.num 'rat.l Ar-
tie os, wonl.l rospectfnlly rop.,rt that th<>v h.v. att.n-

ro ,)rt '^ '^•^'' '""^ ''^° ^''''^''^ ^"^ "''''''''' '^'''' iolluwin-
ru-(. lar-.^ ITrns, marked on tho list silvor, l.ut
wliiel. UV.V i)l:it,M, prosontin- no novdtv, oxropt por

ll'lrtvl •> ri f I . < ■ I ■ f .r .1.. "a I I till •-■ . If

K

•^nir^|l

unal.lo HO to (l.)lr(Mn nn-ss lor tim.s tho lioiT^
pronuil-ition of th.' prcM-ntniont havin- arrivl!i?'

toroyo.ir (-'onnnittoo lia.l finished th.'ir Tu|V,r
KnuiN MooRK,

SAMriM I'»l .KMAX,
<i. IJl.KillT IJUOW'X,
A. I(. .M( ll,\ AINK,

\\\\\. .Makti.v.

■^''nvod I*

J

r Committee.

>

I liu'; i'i;(M)i' ciiKST.

rho Committor appoint.Mi to Hupprintond tho

M..-. 8,x samples of ],•„„ U,ilin.. i;v .i,,'i, , \- ^Z '{' . ,''" " "l' ''"■' l''^""' '" ""''<

S.::; r;:::„.^;, ::;::::r;:l;; 's { H;; - B : ''i' r:B '' -rif-i-rv'-^' '■« ^^

Chair: oil,. i|... ij„. "n.c 15.,v-,iii.' ,1. ,l l>.,. i , ■,. , •^' " " '■'"' !<■ ^ >!. n «i,

iW-J.

a

ll.'aSt(M', .,M"C:l.r I;-,MI .^/.|;,; ,,,,,. ,1,,',!,,
*]:'• *^'»- 'J''*<''' HoX:()in' (i >. ,1 . l»,uirl n\

iMMice; ono \Vrou-hr Inm (i.tte. Ti,.. ;:,„,. was v.-rv
well ma.lo, and tlio (!a->tiun;s o;,),,,]. W,- .-.miM n .^ -i
r^rtain wh.'th-r tho dosi^o w:,. uvri,,,! ,„• K^n^w^.
Kecomnir'nd a diploma, liv Tlm.nas II |5,,-,
Lancaster, two sctt^ Srho..! I »..!<< a, id ('i,.ii,.,
ploma. liv L'^.wis JIaldy, M Lm, a^f.,-. ono Ti.mli-
stono of Hntland Marhlo, a diploma. i?v I.mvIs
J>nd--ot \ork. Parlor Stovo. Kv Ajpxand - !'>.•, i-
iey, ol i*ittsl,iir- throe J»arlor 'Cotta-e Franklin
^tovos, two Cook Stoves, and one Coal Stove The
Iranklin Stoves were neat in desi-n and workniun-
Bhip, an.l the arrann:eniont of the damp-rs and l)low-
ern was very oonveni.Mit and superior, and for thoni
wo v.'ould rooonimend tho tirst ].romium of S5. Hy

Kt'\

t»rill'.^ cull
ll":it, til*' c.a
}«T('d t,) (•(,,,!.

loot as w !i 11

at -J
"""■'I- ""' 'dicM Iia\ iiiL'- atiaiiiiM
W'T<' drawn awav, and ihr ,

11- i th^
ut thr^

ire \V;i«
ttlr W

"P"iHii- flM' .-h.'^t. til" papers wv.f
""I !'•'■!>■ o'iscathcd, lait 8oundan(lper-
I'iaccd 111 i!i<> chest.

1 > \ \ ! Ii M 1 \| \! A, ^

II. \\ . Sv>, |,KK, I

i^. W . Hall, J- Committee.

A I;NF.R IvCTIIKRFORI), |
I'. liKARS. I

>u:!:iiN

<>!

'IFF T. V\C\STi ?{ COLXTY

" u >MMn<i KM'i^iiiniond tK^ rir<t itromnim nf *<■"» li,r i <. .• /• i . ' ^*

nuislie.l, and to all appoaraneos such ns wouM r.dloct
credit on any osta1)lishment, and \-.v t!i,iM v.- Nv.nld
recommend a premium of So. Uy ll.nrv Ki iMkman
ot Lancaster, one Cookinrr Stove, most of it wmn-ht
iron. We could, in the absence of the mak^ ;• dis-
cover no peculiar quality a}>out it. i;v (. :,. |» .^prech-
or, five stoves, very good articles. \U SainiiM Haines
of (umhorland county, two Axes a'nd n,c> Hatchet-
these appeared to he good articles, an 1 w.ll iornc d
though not so highly finished as oth-rs . xliil.it.'d \
dipl;>nn. |?y U.^srl A: C,a<:or. ..f l/nn-ast.-r. display
ol Stoves, luad- l.y .\..rth. Harrison c^ Chas.\ Ahh.^t
& Lawrence, of Phila.l.dphia, a trood displa\ '"
niado articles. " ' ■•'•■•■

A(.IU( J Ml KAI. >'.niiA\.

was read a"nd ordered to be published : °

. '''•'" '■''■"'' <■' "inuii^ ft!,,. Lancaster Coimtv Ac-

'•"•iilinial Society do roport to the Presideiu and
"i.'nilMas generally. That in tli- vrv pleasant dutt
M^signed th^ni. of examining and testing fruit, thev
have ha. I m- ninoting since their last report, Soptem-
ber I'll], 1-iL'. 'I'ho connnitt.M.had given publicno
tice of the tmi -. with a I'-ph -t tliat persons Imving
g(K)d hint, -ii.iiiM oxhiliir spociniciis to the commit-
tee. Hut with ir\v . xcrptinii-. their di'sircto make
KHuwiL and, a< a (•(msiMpicnc,., di->rniinar'' more
• 'Xtensivcly any n.-w and good fruit, v, as n.it re^pond-
<'d to witli that ardor wliich the coinniitrec \v,,uld
wish. ^ et the eonnnittf- believe, if their Inlmrs are

e<i

^ . .0...... .., , a,i,ooa.nsp,ay_ot w.Ml wish. ^etth nnnitte.^ believe, if their Inlmrs arP

i.^N 1. « Mi.lclleton, one <lo/en miprov- , eoritinued in .•onne.-tion with similar eonimitt.".- and

'\ ti,!e and Scissor- Shai-peiier,-
All of which is k

II", -t

iillv

\\

ibmitted

' >. Hi' KOCK.,

I'. 1: I'kras,
James 8. llruER,

CoiiMnitteo.

nidi\ idual
gi\f' theni
more gend-a

in other sections, the "sigO'^ ot tlie times"
I'lp ■ that there ar(> strong indieatiens ofs
ippr.'ciation ,,1" m^,,,,,! tVuit. aiei a desire
among tho gnatt ma.s.s of tanners and othei.s, to pro-
cure ami .iiltivate none but the most select. IJy the
few specimens presented, as well as from other 'sour-
ces, the committee are fully (»f the opinion that m.anT
valuable seedling fruits remain in eoinparativo ob-

■eiiritv f hr.»ughoiit

aintv o! Lancaster. Te hrinp

PLOWING MATrif.
The Committee on Ploughs and I'lmdiin'^ re

spectfully report that they have atten.h.i to tii'dutx ,,,,.. ugno.n :„,• e.,unt v oi ...ncaster. 10 ormj:

assigned to them am have awarded tho fir.t i.-emi- . these before the public, requires time, with aid and
^T f\fw^'^'Tf'^' *^ ^Y'^y ^^: '^^^^•'•<^^^ l'>^- ')'"'i- ^No. assistance from all sections of tho county, frcqueDt
^J, ot .NS. The second premiunit.> Jesse Pauling, of j meetings cd' the committee at dilferent seasons, to
M<mtgomery county, .So Ihe third premium to ilall ; test the various fruits of summer, autumn and win-
<fc Spear, of Pittsburg, for their No. 10, of S3. The ' ter.

fourth premium to Jacob Wenger, of Lancaster I At the present time, we find a stronger interc'^t ex-
county, ()t SL. ihoy have awarded the first premi- hibited all over the country towards the aonuisition
urn for plougning, to K. (L Gray, of SI5. T.he second of good fruit, than at any former period-and wearf

i?i ^ \ o\lr .• ^'''^ ^''""'^ ^'' Kobert IL greatly encouraged in our labors }»y the cheering

Llako, ot NS. J ho fourth to Jonathan F. f Jarrard, of S2.
The whole of the ^vork was done in a hi"Iily cred-

it<able manner, and there was much merit in many of
thejiloughs that have no premiumsawarded to them.
^ The Committee would much like to be able to no-
tice these latter more particularly, but are at present

prospect that, Avith tho aid of individuals, commit-
tees, so(deties and pouK logical congresses, mucj'
good will ultimately result to Pomology an(l Horti-
culture gonorally.

Among tho s[)Ocimens presented, the committee
consider the following as worthy of a brief notice:

lael

ADVrirnSKMFXTS.

2.')3

\f'iM,K'<. — Smok*'h<ni^r, — Spei'imens (»t this variety
^..pj oth'red by J. llershy, of large size and great:
}„.ftiitv. This tine seedling, of Lancaster county, is

TUK XKW VOKK AiHlICFLTOIl.

A WKEKI.V JOL'KNAI, I V I.AR.JK MWSCaI'KR |,.IIM.

.aw.'ll known a^-t"* rc<pun! no e.\tend<'d notice. ' P-n-oted to the interests of the Cr)M.MKi{( iai, as well

Suiiiiit'r Sirrrf y*//-./<//.Nr.— Synonyme— appl • Imtter '^^ Pk \«'ticai. Fahmkk and Plantlk, the Skm k IUkko-

upple. waterm(d<m apple, &c., by sev(!ral contributors, , *'"' ^'"' '^'■«^'' AuniiTErr.tho Fuirr dan Akhokk', .
J-ii largo, greenish apple, of fine Hav(.r ; native of i 'F^''^'^'^' ^''" '^^ ^'^'^f''' ;"'<! Kitcmk.n (iAHDiiNKu, and llu

n,-

Uiu'jvsfor county

Flori

st: t<»gethor with a completer Hummary of the

X ia(Mliunisi/.<Mlyellowsweot apple, by.) II llershy. '"''"^^ mip<trtant Fokkk.n and Domestic Xkw.s. l*ub
Another medium size, yellow, sub-aci<i llavor, by I'-^l*''*^ ^'^'^'^y Thursday.

Two apjdes, ))y .) . H Garbor, of large size, the
,,ni^ veil iw and the oth. r .lark re,), with fiinr veljow
.strip''^, both of modiuni .piabty. -iil, a -I'l llavor.
These wer(^ received for llinhni, ;,;,i ( , , ,1 •}'. ,,.-i.'ln,
hut neither of them answer i,, the .l.-.a ipLi,,,a iu the
liO«»k.

Scvt^ral others w^ro Ixdoi-.. th ■ ,• .a.mittee without
nmne or extra merit, ami. i!i,t. ! ,r. , i.m n.tes taken
of tli-'Ui.

Pk vr^. — .SV/^ nk's rear. —Synonym" — Ilosen Shenk.
.mnokcliouse, butter pear, itc, T.'iis very popular
tVuit originated in this county, and was considered
hy til" ooinmittoe as of v-tv siipej-;,,,- ,pia]itv. Si/o,
medium to large, color yell,,v,-, ui a true p^rilorm
shape, (piality sweet, juicy and vory pleasant. Splen-
did specimens presented by -1. II. II rshy.

Harlbltf. — Fine large s{)ocimens by Casper Hiller
ail 1 1. r>. (larber. This cehd)rated east(;rn variety
was considered inferior to some others as an eating
fruit, hut on account of large size, splendid appear-
ance, thrilty growth and Inirdness of thi^ trees, bear-
in;; y«>ung and constantly, the committee consider it
\^ one of the most valua))le pears.

SH'jnr Pear. — Medium tei/.e, pleasant llavor. J. II.
Hcrshy.

Apofhc<'(n'ii Pair. — Large size, rather coarse grain-
♦'1, hut (»f a peculiar flavor, sweet and very pleasant
eunsidered superior to tho Bartlett. liy tlio same.

lUffry P((ir and extra large Ser/^le^ by K. W. Car-
P'Miter, both of first-rat(! quality.

Pea< !i. — Among the numerous vari(ities prcsentcil
the following deserve a passing noti(;e :

A large S:>:dliiiij Clinjy red and yellow, superior,
C. Hiller.

Sairi/ri-j a seedling free-stone, mclium size, good,
:<ame.

Susiftfclianna, a very large fivio-stone, re I an 1 vel-
low, ratlu'racid, but excellent — _■, i-j vi, ,w Irui!, -ame.

Another large cling, n • n inc', .sweet an 1 plea.saut,
same.

Ikll'i <hi Pan's. — This is ;i first-ratc variety, of me-
dium sizo, color white. A\ it !i a faint bluslT towards

fbie Copy,
Three ( 'opi<»s,
Ki\ e ( 'opies,

r^!:^!<.

'fell * Opios,

Fifteen ( ', ipics^
T w^ait V ( 'i .pi 'S, -
T'l" first iiuai'...;- will
•Jl. Postage, Half a cnt p

-

$2

p(T

annum.

-

0

.i

-

fi

<(

-

I.'-)

t i

2<)

((

-

'J.')

( .

or..!

' .'1

I'hursdav, '

r w .

. k.

tr.jy'' AH Postma>^tors and others, disposed to act a~
Agents, will be fa; ni.hed with Prospectus and Si.e-

pe( lus and »>p
cimen nnmbe.-^. ,,,, ap[)lication to the Publishers
A. i:. ALLKX & Co., l.V.i Water ,St.. \. V.

Tin: WAV V''i:irrAT7\rT^7!7.i \-|,:,x_~

A M'MMIV lOlRN'Af,, OK TIIIRTV-TWO I'ACiE.S, nol'fiLE
COLUMNS, IMCI-UIAL OCTAVO ; MAOK I C, I'KI.\( 1 1'.\ M.Y
in SELKCTIO.N.S 1 ROM IIIE ULLKLi i'AOES OK "THE

NKW York AORicrr/ioR."
^ This periodical will be devoted exclusi\ely to tln»
Farmer and Planter, the Stock lirecder, the ilural
Andiitect, the Xurseryman. the (iar.h-ner and the
Florist.

Ea(di numlier will be iilhd entirely with I'erma-
ni:n-ti,v vau AJiLE reading malt('r. Xoadvertisements
allowed in its C(»lumns; ami not t;ven the lar"-e li"ad-
ing, or terms and contents, usual on thelirstlmd last
pages of similar journals, will be permitted. All
su( h matter will invariably appear on the cover.
Thus, th(; numbers <d the farm a.nd (;Ain)KN, bonnd
U}) at the end of the year, will have the same ajtj.ear-
aiH;e as a book. 'J'his is a new feature in perioilieals
of this (dass, and slumld the more highly commend
it to pu)»lic favor. JC^a)"' Published on the {irst day
of each month.

TLIIMS.

One Copy. .^!.nO pei- anninn. Tliree Copies, S'J.^"

])er anmiiii. Fight copie.s, ,s;,.(i() peraMiwai.

liower rat •> than the above will be madt; uiili Ag-
ricultural Soci(,'ties or ('luhs, by talcin;: a lartrer 101111
jjt r of copies. J^itiy" Postage, only onedtalf a e-nL

per month.

^rc^" Postmast'^rs and others, (lisposed to act as
the sun; llesh wiiitJjuic- rrieiiand plca^im^ ; Agents will be Airnished witl. Prospectus and Spc-

15. (iarher. •^ ^ - cimen N umbers, on application to publishers.

A large s(»edllng cling, no name, good, ])y same. | A. 11. ALLFX .^ Co., 1^'J Water St., \. Y.

A medium sizi^l free-stone, strong peach llavor,: JB^Lnoucement To(ii:.NTLE.MF..\ A( tino as A(;ent.^.
;;ood : liy 1. Peters. | — -'^'ly ])erson forwarding us ten or more subscrip-

A variety of cling-stone seedling, dark-red, good; ; ^j"^'^ ^ach. f.r either of the above papers, will he en-
titled to a copy, gratis, lor one year.

by sam

Plums. — Fine large specimens ]Ma2:num Bonum
'V C. Hiller.

.Seed and \;; r le n I f u ral \^ arcliouse.

No. 29. Market Shed, Pkila.

xl
r.RASs A.ND GARUE.N stKDs, of los owii r.'iisjiig, OF feccut impoF-

Grai'es. — Splendid bunches Calaw/tu grapes, by
•J. 1 eter.s

^^\JQl'\Or LiabeUa grapes, by Daniel lUloads. '' crass a.nd garue.n seeds, of ins own r.-nsjug, or recent impor

Also a sample of M. 1). Khoads' home-made currant tali'm, and warranted to be as represented,

wino *-. , 1 • 1 ..1 • , 1 1 • i.- 1 He 18, als.i, tnaiMiraftiiriMj? all tlu* moHt approved Affricnltnra

wme, to \Miich the committee done ample justice, and Im|)lements, arn..i.g winch he would call theattentiei, nf Kann.-r.

agreed, without a dissenting voice that it ''was hard to a new article of /'low, of his own invention, called Cast-Steel,,

to beat " hut "/)r>/ /,//>•// fn htlw '^ Kxtendiiig i^,iiit, Self-Sharpeniii)?, Surface and Sid.Boil Plowsj

II, \)\Vi not /HI) a to takt. ^y,„ci, f,,r ,|ural)il.ty and easy of draft is yet uiufiaalled.

^VUtne above fruits are m season from the middle The great advantaares these Plows possess over Mil others, art

of August to the middle of Septx^mber. ^'^*"^ peculiarconstruction and the suhstitutionof Cast-Steel intltc

al

8

1

Hespectfully submitted on behalf ol the committee
'•y J. B. Garber.

place ofCast Iron, whichonly wants to be seen to be appreciated
all of which will be sotdon the most reasonable prices by

May C.B ROGERS

&7h

254

ADVEUTISKMEXTS.

ACiUIClJI/rURAL WAKI-:iiOUSL: A.NJ> >:a:U ers; als., m.-k's l»orUb!c Cid.T Mills wl.irl.,

3i(Mti.. . from 5 to 10 harrpJM per dav. For sale by

The Hu])Hcribcrs, in addition to tlielrextonsivo Nur- ! PASCIlALIi M(Jlilll S, it Co.,

Will make

ADVEUTLSEMKXTS.

255

KWimmx^maimfmf i. m

w*»»nrw*-w«T -»m-fi«i*wr* «•*"»»«

»ery and (Jrren-llouso ostablishnicnts, have estab-
lished an A<^rieultural "Warelnuise and Seed Store, I
near the llortieultural Hall, >V''est Chester, and are ...

Agricultural Warehousi; and S(»ed Star(»

^V'est (Mioster, Pa.

(Jard'll, Field and Klowcr Seeds; Horse Power.-i and "'"' Clierry trt-es, AprK-otH, .\.rl.»riiicti, i-\^a, FU'erts, ii„,|™'

ilarrow-^ and ( ultivators; Hay and ^Striiw ('.itters: Also :i tin.- »-.'iit-ct,ioii of Dwari i'.-:trH ..n qmnc- .uiuptH f,,"
drain Fan, and Corn Sli.dl(M-s; Ve^retabh', m- K m.i "ic.iiat.M.ci.rm-, :in ! <Mui).,u:ing Horn.- -jj ..r ;jo varieties. s,'J-Z

Cutters: ILiii^l 'iraiu Mills Clover Shell. >rs lb.)
Hakes, Chiinis n[ \,irious patt;'i-ii-'. < I riiidvt.incs hipI
Jiuprove(l Han;rings; Hay, Straw mi. 1 M iimi-c F.irk-:
Hx N'.ikes ail 1 iiows; Pat<MU \»>\v riii>, (>v 'I'raen
and Iv.)^ and i'ow Clrains : ('ros.s-cut an. I d !i"r Sr.vs;
vSpadtvs, Shovels, Hoes and rakes; ( Vk .Mn/./lcs and
lUill liin_j;s ; Post l>i<5^ers and Crow liars ; \V'ii"'l
Bari'ows : drain Cradl-'s ; Seythes and Srytlicstones;
drubbin;! Hoes and Picks; Post Anirers, Prawiii"-
Knives, Axes, Broad Axes and Hatchets; (lr.ii:i
Jia;j;s ; drain Measures: (harden Trowels and Weed-
ing Forks; Cast Ir»n Cliairs and Settees: do. Hat
and Umbrella Stands; darden Watering Pots; Hy- 1
aeintli and Hulb dlasses; Pruning aal llulliniri
Knives; Wire Flower Trainers; do. Stands. B "» Hives,
Pruning Saws and Chisels ; drass and (irain Sickels;
Hose Sh'Mrs and Twig Cutters; Flower Scissors;
Butter I'rints, Bowls and J^adles ; Folding Ladders
Screw Wrenches, Pincers and dimldets; Kat and
Mole Traps ; Cattle Cards and Horse Brushes : Cur-
ry Conil)s ; Horsr» Lancets, Ox Knobs; Xest Kiro-< ;
Hoe anl Fork Handles; Hay and Corn Knives ;(iar-
den Heels; Tree Scrapers; Cow lid Is; Family Press;
PicNicB»xes; Potato l)ig:;ers anl ^llllers^ Whif-
fle Trees ; CattM-pillar Brushes ; Fruit l^ick'^rs ; B.)r-
der Knives; duan>; Piaster; Poudrette : Bonedust;
Lime, ite.

PASCHALL MOBlHS&Co.,

Nursery, Seedsmen and Florists. ,

Wes. Chester, Pa.
Onh'i's bv mail nroniptlv atten j-d t >.

sci»!:ii*PHosViiATi": of llmk.

till-Ill iiM\v 111 Iriiil.

Ais I Ia <Terci-ii ami Oniaiiifiital Trcfs amt Shriihg, t/o!h(.f m
tivf and liirciiri gmwUi. of a;l Hit- iiinat (IrBnahlc kinds for our c i'
III It. • Norway I'lrs, IJaiii .-f (ulruil, Austrian aiul J^cotdi |'i„|.'
li''li iii'ui .•(11(1 Ucodar CJciliiis, Cryiitoiiit-ria, Jajioiiica. C'luii fm '
Hiiiitiayaii -priKT, several van. lies of JJox, Arliur Vila, Hcllici'
iiiiif vaiu-lics of Juiii()(rs, i;iii,'li3li ami Irisli \ ,' ,v Alsonlar^e
<Mllt:rU<)ii of liaidy roses ami ^reeii lioiise plants. Uuiliaiig riKt^
Tiiiipsaml ll\ irnitlis. liiiiiorled I'liloxes, \'iilM'iias, 1) ililiig, c,,,!
Iiraciii^ 111 varieties, iinporteij the presi-nt s^msou. Kiii^^listi doutjle
M(»liy-li»'jks, viTy elioit-e cnrN Haiiliieinuiii.s, inc.. together with ail
otlicr articles usually fouii.l lu siinihu well conducted estiibujh-
ineiifs.

Or lers l»y rn'ul promptly etttMided to, and trees niid plants car^
fully packed, and forwarded U8 direet«;tl. Catalopiies furiiisritd.n
ai)plieatioii. I'ASCIl A LI, AIOKKlSi Co,

S'pt, Nursery, yeedsmeu »V Florists, West Chester. I'a.

FRFIT S^ ()ll\.\.Mi:\TA[- TIIKKS.

K[JAVA\(ii:!l \ lIAKin' desire to call the a teiitioii of A'ar.
8!;ryiueu, dealers and pianlers to the iininense stoek of Trees now
(Ml tlieir grounds einUraeini? l-'ruit Trees of every deseriptitia, viz;
Standard Apples I'etirs. I'lnin3, Cherries, Peacliea, «Jcc,oiiffetf

stocks for Orchards — vigorous and well formed.
Dwarf and I'yrainidal I'ear Trees, on (lumce stocks a hout 100-

(Kid, einhraciiig every fine variety that can be so worked, 2 ycarf

old, *ritta low branched, vigoious and beutiful.
Dwarf a/id r>raiiiidal Cherries, on inaluilcl) stocks, fi* e one, Iwj

and thiee year old trees; well hranclied and tiiiely formed.
Dwarf Apple trees, on I'ar.ulise and doiicam sticks, heautiful 2

year old trees with lieads for iinineiliate bearing.'besides vigoruui

yearlinj;8.
Gooaeberries, large Lancashire sorts, .strong plants for immediate

bearing.
Curranis, inciudiii'j: tlie Clierry, Victoria, Whi'e Grapeand many

other iii;w and line .sorts. See our catalogue.
Raap!)errihs. the new large fruited monthly, Fstolf, Ac, &C A

complete collection of all desirable varieties
Grapes, hardy native. 8.)rt8, such as Isabella, Catiiwl)a and Clinton,

sironi; two an I three year old varietie.s of foreign grapes foi ym-

eries. stroiiiT thnfiy p aiils in po'g.
6'tr iwijeiries of a 1 d'-sirable varietie?, Jiliubai b, a large stuck of

Prepared nn h^r the snpervl.^ion of Professor Man^s,

for sale l»v the Um or snmller (inantitV, at the A'/ri- attention giv.-n to ensur»* accuracy: we Hatter ourselves, that

-..lU.ii...! \V..».,J.,M,c.,^ r.., 1 sc^^i C4. «, '\l'^^i. rt" 7 Nursery collcctiiii can otfer a stronger guarantee to pnrcliaserg

eultuial W arehuise and Seed Store, W est Cncster, ^,,,3 respect. The 8t .ek -s all irr rwn on new fresh sou and

Pa. Also, No. I, Peruvian (riiano

PASCI!.\!,L MoltKl.S, ,t Co. '
10,000 PK.VCil TIIKKS.
Also fine Dwarf Pears, well hraneh^^d, many of
them havinu^ fruited the present setison : also Ever-
green a«d Deciduous Trees and Shrubbery in groat
variety.

Nurserymen ami Dealers sMippllol ^v■itl) iilii'k
Spruce, American A rbor V'it;v, Halm oli J Nad. White
Spruce, — Hemlock, from 4 to P2 inches in hci^lit, ;it
$^.U) per lOUO, well packed in crates, and dolivered in
Philadelphia. Also, Su;i;ar Maple, White Ash, Birch,
American Larch and Him, from 18 inches to 4 feet,
of handsome shape, and delivered in Philedelphia in
good condition a $10 per iO().

ROCK SALT.
Rock Salt in large lumps, for salting cattle. Tliis
article can b-^ ]daced in the open tield, and is not af-
fected by the weather.

PASCHALL MORRLS, & Co.
HAY, STRAW AND FODDKR CUTTERS.
Webb's, Hovey's, Emory's, Rice's, Potts', Catch-
polo's.and other Straw and Fodder Cutters and Crush-

t!ie best varieties in cultivat'.on, ami all other fruits cultivated.

The entire fruit departmi.-iit is under our own personal siipcrn-

eion. The itest (in ilitv ofsti»cksis used, and the most seriipuioui

110
8 III

pect. iiie sr icK is an grown on new iresii sou and ii
li'viltliy, well ininured and hardy. We ask [>iirciia8er8 to exam-
1 ne it

ORXAMLN'T \L— Large trees for J'treets, paiks, .Vc. Sadi »»

hoise chesuuts. silv'r in iples, snowy abeles, mountain ash, elmi

and tulip trees, in large qualities, cheap.

Rark Or.namkntal Ii.\w.\ Tkkes, embracing the most novel, r^

ma ktible and l>eautiful trees, and shrubs. l)oth deciduotis.and

evetgreen that can be grown in our climate, for particulars, we

reff'r to the d' H'-ripti ve catalojrne.

IldsHs —One of file 'K tiest eolleetioiis m the country, including the

newest and best I^iropeaii varieties, selected by us last suiiiioef

ill person. . .

Bulbous llxytt imported annually from Holland, can be BuppliC"

after 1st Sepl. _

Dahlias. The new English and French prize varietiei of Iwb
1 besides fine olderoiies.

All articles pncked in the be.st manner and forwarded to niiy pa'J
of the U. S,, Canada or California. Orders 8tiictl.\ complied witj
I in every particular. The following catalogues ai e s ent gratis to*
i who apply and enclose stamps to cover postage which mustoe
\ prepaid.

No. L — A Descriptive Cutaloune of I'ruits .

I No. 2.— '• '• ^ Ornamental Trees, Shrubs *<••

I No. :{.— A catalogue of Dahlias, Fuchias, Uhrysanthemum* aiw

budding plants. l-

No. 4.— .A wholesale catalogue, for xXurserymen and othera, ^n

wish to purchase largely.

6cti.

Postage on Nos. 1 ^ 2— .5oO miles or under3 cts; SOOtoljOOm «

u 3 jij 4 5Qg " " " " *' *

MOUNT HOPE NURSKRIKS,
Sept. 1, 1852 Rochester, IN. »•

T,. hVuMKKS, A(;RIClJi;rLUl;5i.3 A.ND i^AU-
^^ DKXERS.

ThiiRrticIe is composed of the same materials as arc found by

I .gij ,1, the ^v/i of |)lant8. It consists of a mixture (in proper

VuJOft'"'") '*' />'-^/"'''/"'*"^^ (^/ Lime and Magw.^ia, (or bones dis-

Lml III Salpharic Acid,) Sulphates o/ Ammonia, Potash. Soda

nnitLirn\ Animil Charcoal, Silicates of Potash, Alumina and Mufr.

I'lisL— Tiiatat an ecjuai cost, witu ic.'^.'i La'jor, and far greater eon-
venience in its application, your Fertilizer is fully equal to th»i
BverHge (luality (»f Peruvian guano when first "applied, and much
more durable \\\ its etfeels on aftt;r crops.

Secondly— That SIX hundre.l pounds { two barrels) of the Fertili-
; zer, incorporated with the soil with the harrow before seeding or
planting, is better than *?()(l pounds of Peruvian guano, to wh ch
the fanner 18 compelled to add, with very coiiHiderable lab(»r, one
and a half bushels gypsum, the cost of winch will bring the guano
at tlu" lowest rates, to JU7 r^y

Whilst Cost of GOO lbs. fertilizer, ' (j'ixj

« xKi supply, iiiid pool ^

Tie inorganic matter a!i.-<traeted troiu the soil by the growth of
ilirfrreiit crops is the same, v irying only m proportion ; it is there-
,-,,rc evident, that if we supply to the soil a siilirieiit (piantity of
each iiiiteriil tans abstracted, w re.stote Us firlility.

Tlie e irr'M-tiii'SS of the abov has liemi fiill\ sustained by the use
,,f th'* F''r<'7'2«'", thtf last season. It has been n.ied on poor laml,
and twreaty-live to twenty cl^'lll biisht-Ls of wheat obtiincd, with
.iiuperior crop of eiover. As a to[)-dres'siiii^((n wheat, eight bush-
es ad litioinl yield has been realized On the 8,)riiig crops of corn,
■ Mtsairl clovr, the yield has been donliled it has been used -hi
fjemne lield (as an e.\perimei-.t; with the best Peruvian (niaiio^
1). til oil corn aad oats, and the yield has resulttil m lav 'r of thr;
Fertilizer. Tiie in ost respectable reference can be given of its
viliie aiiiletfccts on poor lauds.

This article having been used with s leh favorable results, the
miiuii'.T^t'irer now oilers it to agrieiiitunsts, with the full eonli.
dfiice t!iat It will largely repay for the outlay, and that it is the
cheapest uvmure they can use.

Oil very p >or I i-vl, two l)arrels t > th<> 'wt.^ «?'|f)!ibl be applied ; on
that ill better condition, one and a half barrelH. It is calculated, in
uiiiig tw ) barrels, you supply to the soil sulh<uent salts for a rot.i-
tioii. As a f »/;w/r<<;8irtg, one barrel put on after a rain, or when the
land 18 wet, aiiil in all eases near the surface aod not ploughed in,
broad-caat and harrowed when practicable. Thj .\mmonia in this
pre;mrati()ii 13 a Sulphate and therefore not volatile as in (iuano ;
the Bi-Ptiosphatcs and Su |)hates being s tuble, the ram di8.S(dves
them, and they thus .saturate the soil with prepared food, ready for
the noiirisliiueiit i>f the plant; being rich in Sulphates, they are
paweriul absorbents of Ammonia from the atmosphere.

One fact peculiar t») this compound is that such portion as may
not heahstr leted from the s nl t!ie first crop, remains in th< i^rouml
uatilc Jiisame I by after vt-getatimi On'^ barrel of Chappells Im-
proved Perti izcr contiinsas much Phosphate of Lit/i" ns is contain-
ed 111 ^IMJ 1 1 )8 Prufianduano; therefore!, by the application of two
harrels (100 lbs ) to an acre, the ground is supi)lie.l with a.s much
phosphate of liiue as if 400 lbs. best I'eruvian Guano had been used,
and the Fertilizer is furnislieil at lees than half the cost.

We add a few certiiic ates. VVe could aid otko.rs. but this mode
ofalyertisiii^ is expensive— </)/;,<« should bo 8uffi(:ient to recoininend
the Kertili/cr t) the favorable notice of all farmers, desiring to
improve tlieir lands.

T.ie f dl uviiix fr )in gentlemen of higli standing, testifies to the
action of the Fertilizer, compiled with Peruvian ami Patagonian
Guaii). (From Com. T. Ap C. Jones, Wasliington.)

Meak PRosPKCTlIii.r, \' \. /April 20, 1R.V2.

P. StjrU.vi C'^ap;)e?;— Dear Sir : — I s ipp ..s.- I am iiide!)t -d to
your kindaess for a copy of the lliltioi.re Sau, of 17tli ,M irch,
cantuiiing notice of transfer of - South Dai ti more Chemical
Works'' to you. I should liav s Miier acknowledijed yonr atten-
tion, hnt was anxious to see a fiirth-r developm'-iit of the effects
of your Fertilizer before I wrote. Vouniiv r.-collect that about
a year ago I purchased the first Pertiliz^-r. a ton) with which f
experiment-d with barlev and corn, at the time of |)laiitin<i, and on
wheataiid grass as a top-dressim;. all in comp n koh with Peruvian
and I atagoman (iuano, at e(jnal co.st. Tiie elfeet on the barley
wasderndedly iii favor of the Fertilizer beyond all question ; while
upon wheat, corn and grass, the diirerence was s-.-arcely diseeriia-
f>io on the jrrowin-.,' crops. The gr.miid on which the barlev grew
'ait year wasseeded^j with Florence wheat on the .3d dav of Octo-
o^.T, ltj,)l; the groiin was in the finest heart. '2'H) Ib.s. of Peruvian
puona having been p'ou'.Tlied m after fallowlo'r, but before .s-,ed-
i'ii(, which Wis done with Pennock's drill. Ttw l;,st dic.ssiiiir of
?'un» WIS carefully sown broadcast transv-rselv to the 8|)riii"
L,""'?7.=^'^»'»'i:ii>'« to the belt of the F-rtilizI-r, throu-h the
»"iey, which separated the Peruvian and Patagonian guano, and
m\^l"'?^'" '•''' '''■'" '''■osses obliquely the belt of about sixty feet
«» Which the Fertilizer w is used about a year ago.

land'^vJ 1"^' ''"^^ "^'"'^ wheat of the season, is but middling; my
th« vvh » I*"' ' ^'''■^' ''•^**''^' •'^'^'>' although it is high and rolling,
iievert" 1 "^^^'i'^^-red a-verely from a re.lundancy of m.i^tiire;
unWatTr^'" wheat on the part on which the Fertilizer was
'it-W/, ;\ ''^''^'^^^"^- ^'^^ barlev, in April, IS0I , is not only
nrmnlBi ',"-"''' ''='» ■"^ '>*'tter c<dor. and is in cverv respect more
double 1 ^'"' wheat on either side of it, notwitli.standing the

"cresnf '"^'^'^■^'^"^"^"^'^^ ^^^ Fertilizer. I have also ten

and'a/iurf''^" ^^""'"' "^ wheat, on which your Fertilizer was u«-ed
bmeof J>""'''^'"J'^^""^" ^'''^ Peruvian guano and repeated at the
•hnnid I h '"^ '^^ wheat; the Fertilizer so far holds its own, and

The enn r ^'^ ^^'^ ''' ^ ^^'" ^'"^'' vouparticulars of the harvest
"pcrimenti '""* '^ ^^'^'' "™^' ™'"^^ '" brought by the foreg -ing

DifTerence in favor'of fertilizer.

Very respecttully, .Vc.

T A P.

$1.50
C. J ONES.

BLooMFiKr.D, Baltimore CO , March -J'id H'.i
P. S CItaf.pdl -'Di'.iT Sir: — In answer t,. \our note of tins date
asking lor my e.xperi. nee in the use of \uur' Fertilizer, I liav<' but
tune to say, that two or three years a^o | used but two or three
barrels by way of e.vperiiiient Last yeir, i used upwards of kcv-
entv, and this year I will drop it on evrrv lull ol' com that I plant.
.My experience of its use on corn. 10 thr hill is most lOKpiesti mia-
bly and deeidedly favorable. \t :v resinctl nil \ . voiiim. \c

j nil iiAKD J. \V()K iiilnI, 1"0\.

Dai, TO. Cor.Mv, March 'J2d, Im;,].
P ^. Chai'p-ll, F>7.— Dear Sir-I liavr iis.-.i your Fertilizer in
many ways iipm bo/h wheat and corn, witii ^n-iit anecess
j Voiirs, rrsprctlully. i:i)v\ W. \V( )|{'rn i N( ,T( )\.

(Fr en \{ v Dr. JoIiiih, Rect /r of Christ ('liurr|i.J{aItimore.)'

I _ DAi.n.MoKr., .Inly 2, 185L

Tu Dr. I' .S. r///;^yy/,7/_l)ear Sir ; I hav.- just returned from a

' vi.^it to Delaware, where 1 had an opportunitv of observing the ef-
fects of your Agricultural Salts, in the prodne'tion of wheat. 'I'liey
were applied to two liehls — »iie of twenty acies— the other of
twenty-ciijht. The former is uniformly good— on the latter, u part

j has beeiKlamaged by the growth of blui; «:ras.»(, but my impression
is, the crop, on both, will be (»ni--thirtl greater than it wcnild have
I'c^n without the fertilizing article. Tjnj grain has not yet been
threshed out, and consequently the above opinion rests merely on
gener.alobservaiion of the crop immediately before harvest but I
am satisfied it will not be found incorrect I think it very certain
you will have several orders for the Salts, from the vicinity re-
ferred to. Very respectfully,

I Vour friend and ob't serv't,

II F.VKY^V. D. JOHNS.
Dr Johns purchased, last fall, thiity b.urels ; as he used it as
aljove on forty-nine acres, not more than 1; barrels could bavti
been applied to the acre.

I have used " CiiappelPs Fertilizer" upon potatoes with decided

benefit and am now fully satisfied that it is the best and cheapest

manure I ran use for that crop

My first trial wis alongside of stable and unano manure; the
: Slits gave me the best au(f largest potatoes. Where the Salts was

used, the land was thin, and on a lull side ; I usimI abotii 1.' bbls.
I to the acre in the furrow, with the"usn il attention. INIy crop fully

came up to my expectations; the potitoes were large, and of su
i perior quality, and the crop fullv one-third greater tliaii .any of my

neighbor.^, whose land was mucli richer than the piece of land I
' used for my polafoes. Thesmie piece of land I have put down

in wheat; the fiirr iw?' can bi- aeen distinctly some distance »;lT —

showing that the Fertilizer is still acting in the soil.
I I shall use the I'erfiliz T this yir on mv potatoe,^, being fully
. satisfied t!i at it is the ehe.apest and best m umre th.at I can use for

th It ir .p Sevril o! in, neighbors intend using the Fertilizer
: this yeir I h ive p lid :,'re it attention to tin- enltivatioii of potatot-s
' for th ' Hiltim ir." market, t'or many years, and iroin mv evpcri»oice

of two S'Msoiis with the Fertilizer, can recoinmend It with eoiiti-

deiic(,- upon that er. 'ji

I will add that I s .id mv potatoes at !ifl,or) per bushel ; my
neighbors sold at 9dc — the difference in price owing to the differ-
i enee in quality. Vrturs truly, Lakkin Youno.

! Balto CO., near Harrisonville, March V).

Extract of letter a from Dr. E Cuandlkr.
' Ciik<itkr Coitvtv. Pa . May 2.'), IS.IQ

On the 2()th of Aui^iist, l.-!o(). I applied If-O lbs. of your Fertilizer
on a frmrth of an acre of poor land, that had not been farmed for
fortv years previous to tlie apolicatioii of the Fertilizer. I had the
ground ploughed in April and strewed (wer it 10 bushels of lime-
\ and about the same of ashes, and chip dirt from wood yard, har-
rowed It well with cultivator, and when I put on the Salts I sowed
in Turni|) Heed. Timothy and Clover ami finished off with a brush.
The crops of Turnips was 70 bushels, that at 2') cents broujjht
!$I7,.')0, and at the rate of «:7n per .acre. f>a8t summer (l^.'il) the
crop of good hay wa<< LIOM lbs , or at the rat«.'of 2J tons per acre,
and now f.May, I8.V2) the appearance of the grass on the same is
far better than it was last yenr Afaiiy persons b.ave been to see
this small, thomih satisfactoryexperiment, and are becoming con-
vinced of the benefits of your FVrtilizer.

Price — !??3 per barrel, and containing 300 lbs.

Pamphlets containing certificates can br; obtained by nfldressing

P. STOi KTON CHAPPELL.

July 1, ia52. Il.'i I^imbard st. Daltimore.

N. B. To avoid disappointment, farmeis desirous of a iupply
for their Fall Cropsshould order early.

-« .»■%

-.**;.

2-)r,

ADVERTISEMKXTS.

^'^^VEjrna

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FARMERS! LOOK TO YOUI: IirrEEZSTS.

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This Macl.iiio was Patontod July '2, 18r»0, and has
rccoivod the hi;;he.st ])remium at all tho Kxlii]»itit.ns
when- it has evor Ijoon eontostod; irKdudini; Now
(Jastlo County, D.dawaro, An-rieultural Societv, Outo

ber *Jth lS")(l: riiiladolphia and l>(da\va!>- V,,umv
A.i^rioullural Society, October ITtli, IS^O; 3Iarvland
wStato A-TiculturarSocioty, Oct(d)or 23d. ISOU, and

()ctobor 21tli, l?;;")!, and 3Ii(hi;^;an Staio Agricultural
Society, Si'])fcinbcr 'Joth, lS')l.

THE ABOVK DIUELis not liable to ^et out of
repair, is oxeeedsnly simple in its constr(uti(tn, will
sow point rows in all irregular shaped fields, and pos-
scsscss superior advantages to all others in th(» ease
and ([uickness with whi(di it can bo regulated to sow-
any desired quantity (d" (Jrain per Acre, while the
draft upon tho horses is tAventy-Hve pi.T cent, lighter,
and consequently with the same labor, can seed one-
fourth mon* grund per day than with most other
macdiiues now in use. The\)l)jection so common to
Drilling Machines of becoming'riioKr.D if the seed is
not perf.^rtly cleaned, is eutircdy ol»vi;it<M] in the Sim-
ple and IVuuliar construction of this j)rill, as white

MVKKS- ( lIKMirAI. AM.MAL M A \l UE.

Thnt of offering to the public a Manvrc wliicli comprises al
that could he wished — its cheapness and turprisinp: effects jij pro
ducnig larger crt>p8 in any kind of soil— is lasting and eiidurinjr
qualities.

The subscriber offers this Manure to the public with a fml knowl-
edge of its powerful effects npoii ground where used. This Ma-
nure must t;ike its precedence above all others ; its ad:iption to all
kinds (.f g.nl. ami every particle o( fertilizing properties being
preserved in the mode of manulacture, render it at once cheaper
than aiiv other ininareused for all kinds of crops. Its «-ffect8 are
wondert'ul. A supply :ilwa\s on hand, \\.\T. M \ KUS,

Seventh Street near (lermautown Rofid, Kf^nsuiiZtoii. I'lii'la.

READ THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATES

<'r.RMANT0WN, October 8, 18.)!.
To Mr. Wm. Myers-Sir— riavmg truvl your ihemico-Animal
Manure upon potnto ground, this season, 1 find it produce one-third
more and larger potatoes than the best horse nianur*' « n the same
8r"""'J- WM. K. Cox.

The following additional certificate just received, speaks for itself.

WooPBUKY, N. .T , intli ino 'JOth, 18.51.
I have used upward of 1000 bushels of Wm. Myeus' A.mm.al
Manure, on corn, potatoes, turnips, melons, and some other crops
during the present season, and am satisfied that it is an economical
and powerful manure, for turniiis, radishes, and other root crops—
my experience lias shown it to be especially valuable

David J. Griscom.

,_ ,„ ,, ^PKiNG Field Farm, Cecil County, Md.

Mr-. Win. Myers— Dear Sir— I manured with yonr Chemico-Ani-

^ -'

caps and short straw will not interf(,ro in tlip l^asf
with tl:e rrgular distribution ot the seed. It is war^
ranted to distribute the s<H,d evenly; to sow and
(piantity p-r acre commonly .--owa broadcast- to not
cut or break the grains: to be Avell made with ^oo-l
matorials and durable with proper care. ^

Having sold about 400 of the above lirllls the pajt
season, all of which met with tli.^ unqualitiod ai.prir
bation ot the iiurclnisers: and after careful and thor-
ough experiments, which have resulted in Still Great-
er Impn.vements, we now feel warranted in savin"
that Moore's Patent Seed and (irain Planter impm^
ed, 1.* superior to any other maciiine for the purpose.
now in the market.

Having made arrangements to furnish lOOOof thp
above Maciiines for sale the coming »<eason, we shall
be prepared, at all times, to J upply orders without
clay.

B^"- All orders addressed to the undersigned will
warrant prom[»t attrnt-ini. °

J.KIO, J^illiCi; A [,!;!■:.

August, iH;3L\J En-iUloHii r. (>., C /tester Co., Ta.

ma! Manure about f]9 acr. sof the poorest land oii inv farm, and pnt
halt 111 Oits, and II e bal.ince m Com. Although' it \v;i8 gut in
quite late, and the Seas;)n very unfavorable for the Corn crop gfn-
eriliy, yet nr)twithst:iiidir,g, I can sav that it is decide.lly the belt
Corn I ever raised, although I have larined for *J0 vcMrs, and hm
had good Corn land. and Manured well, as I thought.iii the old wav.
While my neighbors' Corn wns (|uite yellow and leaves curled up
with the drought, mine w;is green and growing rapidly ; tla-ufoK.
1 consider it one of the iiio.st valuable manures I ever iistd. awi
shall take pleasure in recommending it to my ueighi)orsaii(i othfri
V'oura respectfuliy, E.M. Sbklx.

SIDLF/SIICP,, AlUa'IlAM) IU)\ l[Ei^UL^ml

Tin: subscriber residing in Dillsburg. York county, I'eiingylw-
nia, has invented a new and improved Augur for the boring t'f hub*
and setting the boxes of wagon, carriage and other vehicle whetli
(ot winch 1 have obtained letiers patent.

The Augur will bore both ends of the hub at the same time. of
either separately— and is the most useful and import^mt iiiveiitioD
ol the age for inserting wagon boxes and the only Machine in ex-
istence by which they can be inserted exactly true— and is so p«r-
tectly simp e in its construetion, aixl constructed on such just nie-
ehumcal principles, that it canii(>t possibly get 'lut of reprnr.

With tills Augur a set of boxes can be inserted ina few minalrt
—where uiuter the old system it requires jiours to perform the
same amount of work.

Persons wishing to purchase Territory or Shop rights will plea*
address the subscriber, who will sell on terms that will enable th«
purchaser to make money. Ill^NRV SlDLK.

Dillsburg. Apiil, 185*2— tf

Viif,, 2.

NO. ().

. I r;""""^ ^'"' '■"■'«'-^'' -^o"-' !-■ .-„. i.-,,,,„ ,,„„,,„i^ ,;„.

=^,^,,,^=,^,_^_ ■ lo«..l,C tsubs.-,-,,,, ,,„| ,„||,„.t ,,, „^ ,,^^^, |_._^_^

„P. " == ...bscnlKTs .,,1 alwrtiMTs. Tl.. IVl,,,,!, „l ,.„■}.

acos: — I • *i • laciijties a.s are

HI tlieir power.

Sub.scriptions will be received and copies of the

i-armJnnrM;il,n:iybehad:,f,..|ltim.-s. of Mr. Won,)
Mt \n< ivHdence, corner <,f Swede and Marshal] .sL. '
Aorristown, Montgomery county

{'lacos : —

W. ]}. ZiEHER, South od, St., principal A-ent for
rhiLidolphia. ^

■ Lancaster, Pi.
- (\>!iiiii!ii;!. |*a.
- llaij i-lmrg, ]»a.

- PilHl.urg, Pa.

- ('lianib(M-sl>urg, Pa.

- Carli^lrv I»a.

... - V'tK-. P:i.

, ^\M. DoMKK, of AUoona. Bhiir ('.Minfv, is ,,nr an-
|thorizodagentf..r Wl-.ur :,„d (\M,tro .■^,,i,;i ,r..
I l '■■, I'MIM, <V.)'lH.,|:nHl and |',mtv cnuntlos
I '-s. IKESTON. K,.n,.|i Spiaiv, for ■Chester and
l^eliwaro coiijniis. ' ;

•^"V^Tit\N- h.,i:uMrr, Lanea^t-T e(,untv.
J^^Mit,, il. \V,,M,..o| .\nrri.t,,wn, ioi-'Mon(g.,i,nTv
ari'i 1.11,'k^ counri.-. i

W. II. .Sr.WGLER,
H. 1'. Si'ANOLEFl,

''E(». I>erom;r, -

II. Ml.NER, - -
•1. K. SlIRViH K,

II. M. Kawmns,
A. L. Warfiki.o,

'lo ( orirspoiolnits.

We slnlj be obliged if nwr correspondonfs will
•^^■"'1 '" '!"■!'• <'^'nimnni.ation8 eariv In (lio nx-nth
.N'.nolat.rthan ; !,o L'dti, will ]„. i„ n,,,. /;„. tho .-ur-
r-ntnuodv.r. This re,,:;i!ation i. n.rossaty to sor„re
timely iv^uo. Several now on hand, .hall appear in
our next.

>V e coninionil tlic to-i/M o««ov /.r. '' i *•

I ' "^ c.sj>.i\ , on abortion in

ricni

'^ows," to tlir aitonti.,1, ol onr n'ad-rM,
thenn.stvaliiaM.' and [Tactical aihe!.'.
■'■''^1 l>v a Imii- lime.

It is ono of

lat V, (; liavo

AC. IMS I ()[{ nil, .lOMix^i

^'tZV'^, '''"^';^ ^" Pennsylvania, to canvass !

'the ham JuurnaK Onr ...no. an- n.oral and

ti'nT? r^r^ ^'^ well-inn.niied irlond^ in ru-ri ilor- ' "'*^^"> ^^^'^^y^

'^'^Mr^T^^^^ eon.petonf and a uvo agents ^^ '''"" <'^'^ pn^t Iw.dvmion,!.. ,,, ],.,,, ^ ,•

Uy.ht':"'''; '•""' ^'•"■'"S i" "v'>at particular '>^^™ ''"^''l; '">"■•"■" <mr .„vn .t.ck, b„Un„„ „ih.r

J "*^j are ucsirous of pnnvocc;.^,* sources. As tlilsi <lni«..r./i i...^ /

sources. As this demand has, for somr. linn. past
been largely on th. in.Teaso. and as o„r fnfuro resi'

I ^'Jprovont mlf.i • " M"'^" ""'^••'.y "n in.' increase, arni as our fnfuro iohI

te* ''"'I ''^u^M to ti.; Edit.; :v?i;Tc\1 ^' "'■'"''''■ "^''''^'^'-"•'^'•^'"-^^^

I ^%\'^l'^ ''Vl'," P'y. at nioUeratc prices, every variety „J Un.U „r, r

■ Mitor of (Il . l'.,i.„. _T„„.. — 1 ;., ,i.„.,„„,i „„,i .i,.,i 1 , '

"Editor of th) I'Mvm .Toiirnal,

in <l,.,nand, and tl.iit we pledge our «ord to pay tho
:„t»'''ettersonl,usino..,orthe.W,7^s^;eri^ n>o.t serup„lou,s attention to the purity of anj wo
.id r^ money transaMion., will bo aSdL" d po^t T- """;' *" '^T ''''" '^"''' '"'^''"'^J *" f'"-"^ "« ^'th

their orders. Letters addre.sscd to us at C. \in<rcr>,'

"BOWEN, MERFOrTII i Co.,

West Chester, Pa."

Seed and Implement Store, No. 29. Market Street,
Philadelphia, will meet with prompt attention.

K'^ J^*-

258

EDTTOrJAL.

I^BCFJ

I

Bucks County l^.xliibltloii.

In Company with several a;:;ricultural friends, we
attcnfh'd the annual Exhibition of the 15ueks County
Agricultural Society, hehl at Newtown. Tlie lii^h
reputation whicli these exhibitions have always main-
tained, prepared us to expect something fine, and in
this we were not disappointed.

On entering th«» enclosure, our attention was im-
mediately directed to the exceedingly neat and con-
venient arrangements for the exhi1>iti(;ii. 1 IvcTy tlmi^
was in order, and every officer a! hi- ]•■ m, i« a 1\ lor
the discharge of his appointed duiii s. Near th''
western rnd of the enclosure stood thn|.iiiiri[iil idit
or canvass, beneath which, fniit<, veg''tabies, ll.wcis.
and articles of domestic manufactur.', S,r.. wcT'^ ex-
hibited. This structure was 100 feet long, by a'-nt
40 feet wide, and was commodious, ii "at anl tast

the many elegant and useful articles it cuntained
merited a long and careful examination. Our atte
tion was, liowever, directed to some beautifully exc(.„
ted colored crayon sketches and paintingn, executed
by the daughters of our friend, AVilliam Stavoly, E«o
The display of cattle was very fhic, cmbnioinff
some choice animals, all in excellent coiulitioii
Messrs, Adrian and J. C. Cornell exhibited a larw
num1)er of fuie animaN, from their celebrated farmg
There was a iinjv nuiiibcr of other exhibit(trsof stock
-I' \ai'^Mis kind--; but ba\:ii;x b;i<j the iiiisf.irtuno to
lose (T iiii-lay til*' le^trs t:ikcn on liic L:i''iiiii.i \vo afp
(■i)inp(:llL''l i'.> i'ori'gvi the pleae<ure of presentinf^ their

Tie- dNpbiy i^? iinj.leinont^ wn^ excellent. Amori'^nt
tb' 111 were some very ing'Tiicn^Iy constructed ones
from the mMnufictory of Mi-. Ibicknian, of Pinevill^
We hope to present Illustrations of some of those nhort-

ful. On the northern side of the enclosure, the shec[

and swine pens were arranged. The cattle were not Ij. Incoi, •in ling thisliasty sketeli, f.,rwhielnv(>haTe

kept in stalls, as is usually the case, but were f\isten- beencomp'Mledto rely solely upon our memory,wecaii.

c<lto pannels, so arranged a^ to have an avnue of not forbear an expression of thanks for the many kind

at least twenty feet between, thus enabling the spec-
tators to view them most advantageously. Another
commendable feature in the arrangements, was a
lar<^e structure, intended for the accommodaticm of
the ladies, exclusively. Beneath its spacious roof,
comfortable seatswcre placed, so that the ladies, when
fatigued, could rest themselves in the shade. The
fencing, pens, &c., were whitewashed, giving to the
whole enclosure an appearance at once beautiful and
neat.

The attendance was numerous for a county exhilji-
tion. At least fifteen hundred persons were on the
ground during the day, a large proporticm of whom
were ladies.

The limited time allowed us for observation, pre-
vented as full and com[dete a report of the cxiiibitlon
as we desired and intendi^d giving. "Wo saw enough,
however, to satisfy us that the farmers of Bucks coun-
ty were doing their duty.

The display of fruits, especially that of apples, (for
whieli Jiucks county is famous,) was very fine. Tlic
different varieties of apjdes exhibited, were choice,
not merely in point of size, but also In flavor. Amongst
thera we notice some superior specimens of the Fall
Pippin, riat Sweet, Royal Sweet, Fallawater, Maid-
ens Blush, Bed and White Doctor, Newtown Pippin,
Farmer's Fancy, Summer Pcarmain, Cider Apples,
Cornell's Fancy, Jersey Pippin, and a host of others,
the naiues of which we do not recollect. The other
varieties of fruit, in season, were also fairly rcjirc-
sentcd.

The display of articles of domestic manufacture
did great credit to those engaged in getting them up,
and we earnestly commend the example of the ladies
of Bucks county to those of other counties in our
State. We were so pressed for time, that we could
not more than glance at this department, although

attentions extended us by our friends in Bucks. At

thesniii"' tini'^. ^^'^'^ e.in^ratnbUe them upon the j[^ati-
fylng success which has hitherto attend(Ml their ef-
forts to build up the cause of agriculture in their
county.

M()nt,e;omf ry C>>\tvJ\ I'xhlhltion.

Althougli pressed by engagements on every eidf,
we could not resist the temptation of visiting our
friends of Montgomery county, at tht/n* aimual Exhi-
l)ition, and we are happy to say that our visit wa.s
as usual, a source of much pleasure to us. The ex-
cellent arrangement of the Exhibition grounds, a
detailed account of which .vas given in the Journal
last Fall, have been materially improved, and the
character of the Exhibition kept pace with tho other
improvements. We thought it mu'-h better tlian that
of last year, in many respects. The display of cat-
tle was cerainly better, many of tho animals being
of superior character. The largest contributors m
this department were tlio Messrs. Jones, of Consho
hocken, whose display of dairy cattle, was certainly
creditable to them. As the notes of this exhibition,
taken by us, were contained in the same book with
those of Bucks, Berks, Philadelphia and other coun-
ties, (wliich book we have lost,) we hope our friends
will excuse the general cliaracter of our brief do
scrlptlon.

The display of implements was not as fine as la^t
year, although a number of excellent ones were ex-
hibited, but the meagreness of this department ^a^
amply compensated for l)y the quantity and excr
lence of the articles exhibited in the department u;
domestic manufactures and fiincy articles. ^

The roooms in the large building, a['propnate ^
these articles, were fdled to overfli)wing, ^vith W
nious, elegant and useful articles, attcstiug the tas

I

I

I

1852.]

KDITfil;! \L.

259

of the ladies, and ingenuity and skill of the mcchan-
,\.q of Montgomery county.

The display of fowls was not equal to that of last
year, although a few of the cages contained crcdita-
l\o specimens, while that of sheep and swine was
niiK^h finer.

The attendance was larger, and the warmest inte-
rest ni:inifested in the examination of the various
animal and articles on e\'bi])ition. Tlie Address of
the Ib'V. Samib'l Aaro;, '!r];\rr d <.n tb^> alb'rn'M,Ti
of the last day, wa«. with i.n.' (>r tv..> trifbn;:; '\xc<'{)-
tion", sound and {M-a'tieal, and w;is li-tciKMl to wiili
marked aft'Oifi^]! I,y a v-tv ]:\y<n> aiidi'Mii'". Wo J!a\<>
to thank (»ur {'n- reN lO >bait;;.iin(M-y I'cr inanv kind
attentions, and only regret tliMt it is not i.i ,,ur p.w-
er to repay their kindness I'v a more C'lnpkjte re-
port than this.

Uviks Count \ i:xhibiti()F\,
Anxious to witness the first efforts of the stout iai-
flicrs of Berks, to awaken nn increased interest in be-
half of Agriculture. \vr paid a visit lu liic beautiful
ami thriving city of lioading, in the occasion d iho
firj^t Exhibition of the Berks County Agii-Miltnial So-
ciety. The arrangements for the Exhi'oltion, although
not as curjiplete as those of Bucks and Montgomery,
were, notwithstanding, all that were needed. The
enclosure for cattle, implements, &c., was situated in
the northern part of the city, and (^uite a number
of excellent cattle were exhibited, amongst which
were some belonging to Wm. llobison, of Furnace,
Mr. Bennedum, of Womelsdorf; Mr. Keim, of ilead-
ing, and others.

Of Horses, we thought the display better. Several
Tery fine Stallions were exlilblted, as well as a num-
ber of fine brood mares, geldings, &c.

The implement department was pretty well repre-
"f^nted, the principal contributors being the Messrs.
K<'ini, of Beading.

Of Fowls there was a very creditable dispIay,show-
'ng the interest felt in the county in this department
"^ agricultural economy.

But the gh,ry of the Exhibition consisted in the
Burtioultural contriljulions, and the department over
^JiK-h the ladies presided. In the first the display
^'i frmts and flowers was very fine. .Alany of the
specimens were seedlings of merit, and deservedly
^ttractcd great attention. V/c hope our friends in

"rks will enable us to give greater publicity to those
fine seedlings, than they have hitherto attained.

The ladi<.':^ did their part nobly. Tho specimens of
worsted and needle work were numerous, an<l many
<> them very fine; and in several other departments
th^ir handiwork was plainly visible.
>Ve congratulate the friends of agriculture in Berks,
^P|jn tho bright prospect before them. Another year
^' enable them to stand side by side with Bucks,
'lontgomery, Chester, and other counties, which have
'"tlierto raainfained the lead.

Itiiproved l»(»oltr\.

Tn another part of the Journal will ].^ f.un.) lU
re},ort of the first Exhibition of the Pcnns^Kania
Poultry Society, which will doubtless be read wiui
interest. Ever since the establishment of the Farm
Journal, we have endeavored to impress up(ai tli.;
minds of our farmers the importance of greater at-
tention to the rearing of fowls; and we aiv pleased
toobservr (!,;.t it Is at length br,.,,niing a loaU-r ,;f
serious iri'joiry \\',\]i liirni.

j 'I'-* the lie .St ca-^iial .,b...rv r it must 1m> apparent

i that the rai.Hii- of pi-ultry will yrry soon b.,ronie :i

j lii-lily Imjiorhiiit bi-aiir!i of the farnnng lnter(>.-.t. The

j >tradi!y ahanciiigprics uf \„.r\\ p.o-k, »V:c., togctlier

wilh t!io I'ai t that oui- popukatioii is iucivasing uinvo

^^'I'^'iLv than th.' Ml]. ply ol th.'M. m^ats, ull" p,,ij,t

oh":n-ly t , th^ f;irr, that at no distant day, tb.- supply

willn(*t f.pial thr.h'ii)ui,,l,uMd !hat as a conHM|U^nee,

none but persons of hirgr ni.aii> will be able to in-

dulgo in thoir use so freipimtly as Is now fhc ra.se.

With tluj ris(; in the price of brr-f and pr.rk. iImto

must boa correspondiT):' ri-- in tb- pi-lr,- ui p-uhrv;

and if a^ pr.-.oit ]irie<'s it can be luaih' profit., hi, ./is

not the prospect ahead encouraging? We think so.

During the pastmontli we liavehad frefjuent occasion

to pass through the Philadelphia market^. Curiosity

prompted us to inquiro iho prlco of pou]ti-v. We

found that a pair of ordinary fowls (which, (.l.-an

dressed, would not have weighed more than five

pounds) commanding from eighty-seven cents to one

dollar, while larger ones were sold at correspondinn--

ly high prices. The demand appeared to be equal to

the supply, and we were informed that pundiasers for

the New York market were anxiously awaitinir .in oj)-

port;iiPty to -"cure every (owl that <-..ii',| ],r h.id, r-

von ;U tlo.c^o pi-jr^oq. v,,v; if fi,,, rMiiui) 01 !)ung Hill

chlekoo at -iv niMiuhs old, weighing two o- throo

pounds cletmed, will eommand r-Ighty-sevrn cont-- tht

■pi'v in Pbiladfdpliia, would not the larger varieties

tho Shau'rhae, Cochin China cv Cliittan-ono" weio-h-

ing, at the same age, twice as much, command double
the sum? Simple arithmetic will demonstrate this to
dullest comprehensions.

But, cries one farmer, " the prices for these fann/
fowls are too high now, we v/ill go upon the good old
system a little longer, and when wc can ])uy at the
prices we now pay for the little I)ungdiills,it will then
bo time enough to stock ouryards with thcMu." 'TV-n-
n3^-wise and pound-foolish," econcmiy. Five years a'^o
the same thing was said, and yet good f)wls cannot be
purchased at any lower rates now, than then. Ao-ain,
the idea that the Shanghacs are mere fannj fowls,
intended only as an ornament to fanciful gentlemen's
poultry yards, is a wrong on*^. We are perfectly sat-
isfied of the fact that they are the most profitable of
all fowls, and that they must, fr«>m the very necessity
of the case, eventually supercede every other upon
tho premises of our farmers. There are those who

Vim

wfsSmSumm

260

Enrroni \

^rrrvnr.j,

assert that they arc not luirdy cnoun;h for ourclimato. j Shan-liaoH iindor ono yoar old, tirst prf^miu
Tho intense C(dd of last winter ought to satisfy the James (iillespie. Second premium to U(jl,ort Vnr^^
most incorrigible skeptic upon that point. We can give ' and Dr. James M'Clintock. Tliird prrmiurn tTT
a case in point, during that hitter ccdd weather, one 11. Smith, J. 3T. AVilliams and S. (A Kadford '^ '"
night, by some neglect, all of our little stock of fowls j Special premiums to Dr. dames :M'('lintoek f.,r f
were prevented from securing their usual places of pullets ; I:. II. Smith, 1 stag an.l 4 pnllets- VV
shelter. In the morning,the IJantums were frozen stiff, William^. 1 stag aixl 1> pullets ; 31. Kauffm o
while the Shanghacs,with a single exception, escaped stags; Dr. dames T. Cra]d>, ! y^nir ''> niontli. '"^^^^ "
unhurt.

We might go on and enumerate what we (^-^n-
ccivc to be their many other good (|iial!iir-; |,ui hav-
ing done so on a f.'riiK'i- occasion, wc will (dose our
remark^ hy -^imjily stalim:. tliat wc (•(•nc'ivo it to )).'
the interest ni" <'\rr\ faninT w Iim rviiniatcs his pmiliry
yard as he slutiiM. ( ami a> \\ !• think all u ill do l,.'f;,rr
many years;) to <li-card tli.' iiii-c!ii.'\ni!^ liiM^' DniiT-
hills, and supply ihcir places with the .stat'-lv Shan-
ghacs.

PcujiN\ 1\ ani.i |*()iil(r\ SoclctN,

The first exhilntion (d ihi.s Society wa.s hel I in the
city of IMnla<lelphia, on the 21t}i. 'iuli. and 'J»»tli of
November. The display of lowis wa- liijlilv < !■< dii-
able, embracing some of nearly ev( rv kn.wn \aiir!\ ,
Tho Shanghae, or Cochin China, Iimwcmt. \v. r.- hy
far the most numerous and fine. We were pleased
to observe the deep interest felt in the matter, no.
only by those who were exhibitors themselves, bu^
by the thousands who visited the exhil.itiMn

Tho expectations uf the Society in ri-ard t<» tlic
extent of the display having been greatly exceed.'!,
the arrangements were not as satisfactory, perhaps,
as they would otherwise have been, yet ev.rv iliinir
passed otf well, and we think au;.ciir.'d wall fi.r tiir
future prospects of the Society, 'i'he fnllowinL: [xr-
pons were the prineipal exhiltitnrs :

Till' ]>i-ineipal contrihuter i-> I )r. danit's Mel 'lintoek,

President (d" the Sneiety. There are others who have

contrihuteil many splmilitl sp(^eiui(^ns, Itut Dr. Me-

01inti>ck's are the nio->t nuinrriais. Anmnij^ these

are Sa uuud <■. Kadford. \h'. danies T. ("ral>li<\ j>a\id

Davis, and \l. A. Smiih. ^'f \Vcst IMiiladdpliia ; 11. u-

ben Ilagy and Samuel A i'.iimstead, of IvMxIiorongli;

AVm. Chancellor, L. Wist<.'r, Ji. Fraley an<i llannan

Osier, Germantown: luidiard Cartwri;i;Iit. NOrth

Penn ; F. G. W(d!»crt, Trankford ; Peter I>ark<'r.

Penn District: Stacy Uilson. KeiiMiigu,!. ; \\ ill, an, I ,_, <■ ir i
_ ,,.,,, i> .1 o. , , brccdo. lIn-< lias irorie so <Mit

Leonard, Dr. 11. J. brown, Cjcorge Simlor am Wm. mi • n ^ •

' ., , , 1 . . ' , 4 ^, come so scarce. There is a fashi

Krouse, Philadelphia city; and Aaron CleuKmt, John

B. Perry, R. AVister, Jr., and James Kellen, Phila-
delphia county ; Dr. D. L. Heist, Iilm^ Pxll, Mom-
gomery county, and John S. Lippincutt, Mount IIul-
ly, N. J.

For Shanghae, or Cochin China, over one year old,

a first premium was awarded to J. S. Lippincott, J.

B. Perry, and Dr. James M'Clintock. The second

premium was awarded to Robert Purvis, M. W. Iles-

on, Dr. M'Clintock and W^illian Leonard.

White Siianghaes, first ].remium to Harmon Os-
ier. Second j)remiiim to A\'. \V. riarke. Sneil
prnniiini to S. A. Punivt--ad and P. I'rah-v.

'Jray Slnni-liars (.r ('liitta-.;n,-s first premiuni to
P. Pr.alcv. S.'coTid j'rejniuni to Dr. d. M-riint*,, l-
Third prenilmn to Aaron Plement.

lila. k Spanl>]i, lir-t prcmiunito Dr. H. J. Brown
Si^cdnd preniiniii to (1. Dj-avton.

Plack P(.Iand-, over one y(>ar. fir^f pr.-iainm to
^Villiani l<"..iiard. Seeonil preiniiini to M. ('nmsn
Under on.' y.ar, jirvt preiniiiin to S.iiiiurl [ln^M,
Second prcniiiiin to j'^. AV'i^^ter.

Dun;; Hill, lir-t ].rrmiuni U) St:icv WiNon, fcr>s
oi liie Ciiittagong and common fowl.)

(':ipon'-\ fir^t prriiiiiini to d. S. Pippincoff.

'''h" pivniiujii for the best and largest collection
was award''d t^' Dr. d. ^["i 'linlock.

Pigeons— Blue Croppers, first premium to John
B. Perry. AVhite Ptough Necks, first premium to P.
Barker. Buff Carriers, first premium to B. Knoass.
iViiin^. lir>L premium To |> Kneass.

'fni-key.s — Pir>t premium to Anrnn Clement. .Sec-
end pi-e'niium to dame-, (.illespie. Spceial premium
t(» S. C. Radford, for a goljbler.
Geese — "While jiremen-, lir>r premium te y\. Crouse.

Mii-k Dm-ks — A'ery superior — fir>l premiuui to L.
Wister. The While Duek^- of William L.M,nanl .-in^l
didiTi M < lowcri ari> (if »><jnal (piality. C( amnion Puoii.-,
fir>t Primiiim to S. C. Padford.

Guinea Fowls — Pir>t ]»reinium to Reuben IfaL'y.
.SiM'ond premium to A\ illiam liconard.

P.olton (irey^ — First premium to Dr. M'Clinterk.

(Jame— Fir>t ])remium to P. Wkstar. Second pre-
mium to 1\ < 1. AV'olliert.

Plack lianium^ — Pir>t premium to I. >r. .M'Clintock.

Seabrights — First premium to L. Wister.

» here are the nerkslifres?

Wi' liave greally regretted that this very valuable

of fashion, and be-
ion or periodical ex-
citement in tlie matter of farm stock, as in other
things. Xfw breeds are sounr-ht aftor with irreat eager-
ness. and in the thermometer oC puldic opinion, and
under the (^xeitcment r»f their heing 7?,<"2r, arc often
run up far lieyond their real value. When the fever
subsides they as often fall fir l.<"]owit. This is the
case, we think, with Berkshire Piers. We have ^ea^
ed and fed a great many of this breed, and consider
them the very best we ever owned, Jor certain p^^
2)oses. They arc not exactly the farmer's hog,a3 they

1852.]

FDTToplAP,

201

*,s*"«a M« .■uii * ^>i» -HI )M«<..^ ttw-aaMiinM'nMumbHWfJh » rx<-«:«

do not make sufficient lard or fat, but they would be To be on the sale side, let two or three lanners join
pore properly called the citizen's. The fat and lean in the purchase, and try a part of their fields intend-
ed for corn next spring, with the subsoil plow, and
we have no doubt as to tlie results. The advantages

aro well mixed throughout the wdiole carcass, even the
hide pieces, often rendered up into lard, have the de-

pired mixture of a"streak of fat and a streak of lean." ^ of deep digging and trenching, W r t lie vegetable gar-
Their hams are plump and >/e//, and just the size dens have been observed by all. The same princi-
i;,r the housekeeper in the city; none too large for ! pies and practice will apply to fitdd culture. The ti ear-
th^ table. AVe slaughtered one fall, sixteen <d' pnri; ' cr we can approximate on tlu; farm, to the culture of
blood, wcigliing from lot) to 250, and tie- most beau- the gard<Mi, in the de'pth of soil ami liie' puh.Tiza-

tiful lot(d meat we ever had, juiey. of a tine rod co-
lor, and non<' of it t<'0 fat to he eat<Mi. Tin' lierk-
hliires will seldom attain the wei-ht of our Cliester
ouiiiiiy hre( d, hut we always ( (•n-id<'r"d, from their
hein*' so \vv\ ea-ilv k( r-t, that the same food would
make more wei<_dii in tin; agu;regate, than any oth-
er breed. S'-me (tltjection us mI to l,e made to
thoni (/H account of their app'-arame in the market.
the skin showing the hhiel.: spoi-.. and not so white
as the white haired hog. Tlii< pnjudit-^ however,
would soon pass off, as purehascrs became acpiainted
with the superior 'pialiiy of the neat.

l)o any ol our reauer^ kikjw wuere any pu/'c Berk-
f hires can be olttained.

tion the betier the su(;cess.

SjiLsoil Plowing.

In our monthly notice of work for the Farm, this
is roe( mnended; but as we consider it of the great-
est im[)ortance, will add, tliat we have proved it so
in our own practice. The best sul^oil ]ilow w^ liave
used, we consider to be Itoger's. and whiidi can he

purchased at his establi.shment in Phila.lelphia. an^l t|,^ V)pen euliui e in our South rn States; all valuable
at the Agricultural AVarehousc in West Chester. It , .^^(luisitious. TUo. dapane>e a:v als„ said to be en-
has several advantages, amon-whirh are that it stirs ' ti,usiastic and skilful florists, and particularly sue-
up the ?/'//o/^ ir/V///<! of till' fun-o\v, and i> ea-ily regu-
lated by the one lianlle. and whieji enables the olow-

Trees and l^'lowers of .la|>au«

Now that ill'' lon;_^ talked of exjxMJition to (^p'^i the
]iort> of dapan to the eommeree of the country has
saih (K it mav rca-on.ililv he e.\pecte(l, that thehoian-
ical treasures known toe.xivt in tliat hitherto forbid-
den "Touii'l, m IV soon be lirou^ht to li;j;ht. and the
countrv ojie'tieil to l.otanical exphiration. W hen we
consider that the (limate i-< similar to our own, and
that neuiv. perhaps nio-t of the dapan trees and
plants arc hardy here, and that some e' ■ '"' "'"-'
beauiif'.il :-pe,iniens are from that eeiiM!i-\, it is fair
to pre-ume ihat a rich har\est is in store \\)V our P>ot-
anists and IMoi-ists. in the event of a treaty. \\ (i
have already, Paulouia-inpcrialis, Sali.sburla-Adian-
tifolia, Cydonia Japonica, Ancuba Japonica, Crypto-
meria Japonica, Sophora, Deutzia Scabru, and Graci-
lis, arel nriiiv others, all perfectly hanly: an 1 the
Camellia, wliieli there grows wiM an.l \<> tlie size of
a tree; An •men ■ .Piponica. an 1 others which stand

ef t'/ihit^- liirou_i.h e!;j;ht or fen inches of loo^e earth.
An eii j;ra\ in.r of it wa-^ i:i\en in one of the f'ormei'

ccs-ful in .Iwai'fin;- all kinds of trees, training and

cliopin- lleaii ino> fa!i;a-li<- shapes, and lia\e I'^^'^n

man to walk <.n the hard ,-i-ouml,or land sid-. instead ^.-rv <uccessfulin gral'iin- and dwarfin- the pine 1am-

ilv. Pike the rhines(\ wdiose standai'd of beauty in
the human ftol is ha\ in^ it arl ifieially eomp;esse,l into
nuinhers of l!i • Farm douiaial. Subsi^ilin'j: is (Uie of jj,,, ^m.iii,,^! jH,..il,h! size.so the dapam-e c(.n<ider th<;
the iraprovem ait- of the i\i\: sov:m[de in its theory, produi-tioii of a dwarfed tree or plant, as the evid-uiee
and yet so etfeclual, thai it muM nocesarilv become ,,j- ^i-jii^ :,,,,i m ,,1 '1 of heautv. The liotanii-al P-'^ris-
goneral, with good as well a> hael lai-mers; the ol)ject , l(^Y frives an account of a d wai'f tre<' being exhibited
of both boing to extract from the sail remun -rating at Jed do. in a lacquerd box, \\ith /v/a;ic/ie.s',oeeupying
crops. The only wonder is, that it nvdkiis its yxay \ ^i^iy (wo sqiiare iac/uis. Uncivilized as we call them,
to public attention so slowdy. There is a mine of jt is niore than prol)al)le we -hall i^et many new- ideas
^<;;ilth, laying dead ami unproductive, beneath our m,,l l,.arn some useful hints, even from the .lap an-se.
ordinary surface plowing. wdn(h only needs sliiaing \\',. oltM'rve the expedition cirri •> .lut a loc )motiv(;
to the vivifying action of sun and air.to be imuietliately ' ^,,,1 railway cars, >Piguc-Lic Telegraph, and many
available for tho use of crops. The evidence in th > oih r production^ of our superior civilization, caku-
case is cumulative and positive. It has been fully hued to "astonish the natives." It also numbers a-
tried in various places, with satisfactory results, and
the rea.son of tie- thing is so ob\ious, that argumemt
would seem superfluous. Todjc-sure, it involves ad

ditional expense. This is not so important as the ques-
tion whether that expense is a profitable outlay, and
whether it will not return a compound interest. The
simple fact of an additional outlay for an extra team,
w not of iUelf an objection to meet the whole ca.se.

bout 4000 men, and over 300 guns,mostly heavy or(P
nance. The steamers mount Paixhan shell guns,
mounte<l on revolving trucks, so as to sweep the ho-
rizon, and discharging shells of 08 to l-l<> lbs. each,
and long 42's."

Such furniture as this, is intended, and no doubt
will succeed in making a very decided impression, and
we doubt whether the Japanese will be able to resist

i»

2C2

EDITORIAL.

8uch a forcible domonstratiun of our sup.vhn- intdli-
gonee^and civilizat{^>n^v\\\ be .xhibit.Ml by thosolon^

De

<"f'M!,,',.

HaisiiifT Calves.

For the following, receipt for raisin- calves ^

42'H. Wo presumetho intention of fh.r V ^'" '/ '"^ . t^ ^"^' K'liown.^^ receipt for raisin;, calves
SI.OW them tho op.ratinn of tl„. ■r,.l,-ru,l, t fi , ^''' f'"™"'-'y »" K-sH.l. Farm M,

Much «„o,l as will .l„uM,.s. result fro,., commercial tho extcli b ", ^ s , r"'"' ""'"^''^^ «"
.n oreou,-.so w,,l. that co..,„ry, it U ..-cafly to he hop. I .nar, o , J '" '^ ':""';"'"' "' ''■ S"'
cd a resort to furco n.ay ho ,„„„.cessarv. vnl,:.,.,, „„,.'?•. " 'f ""'= '.'^ "■■<"" »>i"rt, bo,

valuable an,| practical receipt. «l,ich, ba.cl on ,„„
expor,e„ce both here a„d i,. Knglan,!, is ealo , j
to confer a large a.x.ount of goo.l. Many of „, C

-'- '^'llcali; have allowed it to go to the buir
;■" accunt of the expense and uncertainty of ,„,;

JJiXiK NOTICr,.*.

We have before us, the first number of the IV vol
"the Wool Grower and Stock Itcgi.ter. publNhd

at Kochester by \K h. T. M.o,.e, an.l cliied l.v T C ,t ,„„,,, ,,„, , ,
raters, .single copy 50 cent., an.l ,, ,.,.,l„cc.r prie ' ,. ' " '""f, " ' "f -

to clubs. i.cvote.l as .„. a,n,., ., ,,.,.: ^Z > ;;';:;;";'- '^' -;■■; ':- l-'^-nvl, U ,- .^

«anly.,s,toa ui-ic range of topics, ,vc arc nk.a,c,l ', ','".''■■';"'"'" '^''^ '■-•"Inl,. . >

tl'at such in,portant interests of tho'country. ^ C n e i i '^^n" "^ f """■ ■'''■" ""^•"^' ^-

growing ao.l n.u-i,,,. „f ,st„ck ,a,-e ,. I.ue 1, ,1,',.., 7' ''''"''• ;'''"^'"i- >'""' '^. ;: lM-,a«^e«n.

apecial advocate as the above paocr. It is pnn'„ ,i i,', ', ' ";''"-" ^'"; '- 't ^^-.r, an,; a. ayear«ld.

-.^! ^'^"'•' -"• « ' in„strati,;ns, and th,' Hito : :%:;■ , r'?;" i";'' -"■"■•:'■ '"'", " '-''H i«

ev,d.^,Uly at honie in hi.s treatn.ct „f Ins subject, i takin' i, "-'"' "^■^■^•'" ''"""•" t'"-™ «'^ scour while

We think .such a paper is wanted, and «ish it the
best success.

be.^t success. ' ' " "'" i''•'■"•^:— Mix one pint flaxseed with 4 .-alWis «a

'•'.'■••'*"""""'• "V*"- stove for 2 or 3 hours; wW.„i,

MOOHES RfR.u. \kw Youkep., a weekly ncwspa-h" '"'''"""' 'l"''" ''"Py. n.id on getting cold wU
cr, P-hhshed at Rochester, N. Y., and conducted by '^" "" f'ick jelly. Give a calf, according to a.c,'fr„m
1^- l>. 1. Moore. This is well suppli,.,] with „riginal """ f "" '" '* 'l"."-t twice .-, day, mix,.! with a li„lo
communications on ntrrl,. iiif„,.oi .,.,i,- ,i._ ^ .,, sklinnipi] mill- .^v T.^.i;.,.. ,>. i aii

supphcHi witii ori^.w.n
communications on a^mcultural subjects, and illus-
trations, combined with a variety of literary and sci-
entific matter, and new.s of the day, adapting it to
the home circle an<I fire side of the farmer especially
It 13 very ably conducted, and hasa wide circulauon

skimmed milk or Indian -ruel. When it gets a lew
weeks old, the milk may be omitted, if not couveni.
ent.

^ AcrthutMlxrlruHl A;;riciilt,!ial Society.
We are piea.^ed to observe that our friends in

IIoRTirri.TrRisT.-This well known n,n.;„i; 1 . ! ^'""■""""'" '' 1 ''<'>dtheirfirstExhibitiunlastm..nth.

been sold to J. Vick. jr., orilXZ a i 1 . I r"' ''l ' ''''' '" '"« '"-' ^-^"-«'"« ^"---
after be published by him at that plac; lie ■ so ^'"'1 :^'^y-''' "'^^ "''H represented, and the in-
cured the services of I>. Uan-y as edito; well kn .ni" T !" , " Prosperity of the Society, is «.„-

as an extensive Xurservman. and ainhor of one of I '' "'-""f.''"' "'« <="""t'T- Many .lifficnlties Tvore
ourl,.st works „n V..u,.l..,,. w. ',';,., T.i """" "■"' "' '''' «"'""" "'1' "'' '^'■■' '-^l-il'Iti'-n, but

our br^st works „n l'„„,,!,,.v. W. p,.,„li,t f,„ ,,,„

Hort.cultnrlM nnd.r its n-n- a„--,i..., ;. su, ..|ul

career. It could n,.t bav.. fM-n int.. al.l.-r hands.

M:\\" V(i|!K ACKIcil.Tdi;.

A weekly J.mrMal in htrgc .\.«--,Mper fnrni, un-l, r
thcabovetitle, is about being published by A li
Allen * Co., N. York; also the \ew York F.,rm and
Oarde.n, a monthly Journal by the same parties.

with iii.l, init;il,!.'rner-y, these were all triuniphautlv
sunii.,uii(..], ;,„;! til.' result was a .Ii:|.l;,_v at .,nce
^nitilyln- and (Mimur;.:;!!,-. \V-> li;i,} fully intended
l>-in- pn-vi,f, JMit nihiT cngageinujit.^- ).rc\rntcd.

^^' '"'!"■ ''^"'l boliove that the stuiMv nirmors of
XorLhumbLiland will not stay thrir laudable efforts,
but press on the gu.ni work thoy have so triumphant-
ly begun. We have not the space for a more extend-

We also ob.orv. ur'n ' ^": """^^ ^'''''''^- ^^ "^>tice, which we can but regret. The hope was

nLo d ast th e. n'^ , --.km.vx" an- indulged that .e should be favored with a , en' al ro-

ra week ,t I b r T . ^^^ ^ ''^''"" '""'" ''''' '"" ''''' ^^^'^^-^^ ^^ ^^- d iff.. rent Societies
^ ; Zr r.'^^t tr iT' n ''' ^^^'^-^^^"- -<i - -- ^- the present number, but in this we have
!:!': ::'„^ -t^generally. J hese signs of the times, been disappointed. Our friends in the various coun-

1 • • 1 • « ■—

indicate a spirit of enquiry abroad in relation to a^-
ncultural matters which is healthy and encouraging.
The more of such periodicals tho better. Supply
creates demand, and there is yet a Tvide field t . b.
occupied. -Tis but a few years since there were but
two or three agricultural papers in tho Union, and
now there are probably a dozen in New York State
alone.

ties in which Exhibitions have been held, which it
was not in our power to attend, will, we trust, bear
with the meagre reports wo are enabled, under the
circumstances, to present.

I'Bob, is that dog a hunter ?''

"No, he's half hunter and half setter. lie hunts
bones when he's hungry, and sets by tlie fire when
he's satisfied.'' ^

O 1

1?52.

WINTKRING STOCK— CUT 1 KK1>.

^•).>

M intcriiitf Stock.

,, ... ^ I in the yard, either by a spring, or a well witli a ^ooi

Klitor— VUh.)Ugli there was a good crop of 1 pump. I wish to say hero, 1 have used the chain
urod the i)ast '"season, and considerable old I puinp, and lor supplying water lor a stock ot cattle;
hay ^''' ,.,cred over the farmer should, nevertheless, 1 1 consider it second only to running water, 'liu^rc
*''^'\'^"e strict economy in feeding it out to his sl..ck. ] are some good fanners who keep their cattle m^ the
irai'tKt - sin^en came to the barn about three i }>arn most (tf
Our cattle .luu. 1 ...,.• I. ,..:ii 1 — u.,w,r,wi i. *,. a.,:.>

1

a^ well

V -l'<'l!l

ciirii-stalk-, ■iir

iod

tlic-r diet

(•' •lldili"!!

li;i;,
cni ii-tdy "H silt

will 1 i-f ill llt'-di,

' 11 a iii-ati fi iii-

1 i.lMW tlial Sniiic

eat ])'"!i
■••d "lit ti

( 1

lav, unless
w i-wi'ii-lnd-

^"Vrc'i'rli'er tlian usual, which will make a long fod-

I!rhe' time, unless the spring opens mor<i favorably

IVn usual, for getting our stock to pasture. Most

rs Inve more or less coarse fodder, such as poor

i''^!- corn' butts and the like, which, some make it

1 -Vr i.rictice to feed out, exclusively, tlu^ first ])art

f the winter; )nii I have practised ditlerently, bc-

nViii'' that stock of all kinds re(iuire as good keep

;,,1 jutention, the first part of the wint.^r,as any nine.

Cattle and sheep l'di« a change ••• *' i...f ... ,,..!,

aiman. nnd xvIpmi kept m -o-d
t,, relish ul'dd. TIM- ot ni-aduw
straw occa.>i.'ually ; i)in n 1' d
<jer the first hall' ul" th.- wiiU'-r, tli.;>
and be apt to come <»ut '\u Uir spiin-
aition, in spite of Kngli h liav ' '
fanners say, their .atib- \vnnt
they starve tie "i lo n. >o \\\r\

der first, then their swamp .md la :i l^w li;:}-, aiel
fo.d ndieved wh'M! ii is gon(\ 1 iiiiiik r nai l-dd.-r
Wiirth as much a^ eoinmcn stork laiv wht'o h d m
connection with it, but to compel cattle to live wled-
Iv on such tare, is ab-dutely cruel, as it makes their
t'eeth sore when fed lur a length of time. A better
way i^ to give cattle one foddering a day of corn-
Imtts, and that at tie- last feeding at night, and if
they 'have a pretty stout allowance giv-n liiom, they
will eat it up nearly clean before morning. Some
Eupnose, all that is necessary in wintering stock is,
to place a sufiicient amount of fodder before their cat-
tle and sheep, no matter when, how, and where ; but
this is a mistake. Every one who has the care of st<.ek
ghould make it his practice to f •<•.! iv-ul:n ly, for the
animal system recpiires it ; and in.>lead ul throwinL^
lar'^e, solid Hakes <d' ha^ before them, it shoul<i 1h
carefully pitched off the mow and well slniken, t(j de-
prive it of dust, and laid down lightlv ;uid teinj.ting-
iy by them in smill (piuntities, and fed as often as
thoyeat it up clean. The number of times cattle
ehouhl be fed durln- iwenty-lmir Iimui--. depends
8uineu-hat nii the .iinility (d the fod.l-r : tie- p.M.vcrtlie
hay, til" iHtt.T niii-t 1)c'llie attention- Suinc lanin rs
will' iii;rK'' tleii- stM, 1; tlirive a^ well on in"ad..w hay
and r>. null i"dd.a-, a- others will on Kn-di<h hay, and
it i- .-iLid of them, '-they hav(> a it"<-uliar L-nur/: to
makt; their stock look well ;" now, this ••knack"' con-
sists in good attention. Slock -d all kiiyN, -'maid
bo fed under cover thrai;:1i tic winter, in cno- ^r
racks, instead of feeding in the yard- or ^nt ni^Mii
snow-drifts, to be trodd(>n under hH)t, or blown away
by the north-west wind. But with all our care and
attention in feeding, our stock will not thrive wel
unless we provide comfortable l)!\rns and stable-^, nn<l
pay attention to the (deanrmess (d'tlndr food ; I have
been into barns so o}.eii. that a person wnuld be m
some danger of loosing hi.> hat on a wiidy d;iy, and
so filthy, that one could hardly move without coming
in contact with the filth of hen 4, turkeys nnd geese.
It is useless to describe the appearance of stock un-
der such treatment, 1 have often wondered how a
man could turn an his ne:~e <.n ol)scrvinj:^ a mote in
butter, or sit and toast hisshins before the fire, when
at the same time, his cattle are shivering in his riek-
ctty barn, and his fowls roosting over their heads,
without thinking of their miserable condition. Many
farmers are nen;li<r(;nt with regard to water for their

the time, only letting tliein out long

enoui^di to drink, and to cleanse their stalls: hut I
(h)ubt the utility of the practice, bebu'ving it is i -r the
health of the animal to enjoy the influence of the sun
and air, in moderate weather, and it is also necessary
that they have e.xercise ; but in cold, stormy weather
th(>y should be kept under cover.

Farmers, as a general thing, pay too little atteni i >n
in fecfling, atul sidectin^ that bnM^d .deatth; and oth-

ll 1- nie(>
111 t lli'-e

i.triii stock wine
are more puriieuhn
"•(■( the " r«'ater nr<ilii ior ilcar

and liai'
l"i'-| M-et -,
^^e.d<. -I

t h'i-:e who

111-,' tiiey who
. M. l>lSli\R.

stock.

iuM''i- li ir

C:ul l*\'c«l lor l''ariii

The ;id\,mta'ies ol taittin
t,, 1m- w. 11 -^'hl 'd. th-U'di hy no means

iated. r;M-ueT- are prMvei l.ially slow

M'k, HCeni

ip-

'ai'ii.

iieiii'i all V

to

pi'eei; . -

and it alwavs a ddtieiili nouteriM ,)V(>reeme t lieir pre-

for the wint'r, r.ie

rot, to make it ^o as far as p'ssi

in that ibrm ni

judices in favor ol old hal.i;.^.

of culture is proposed, th(>y are sure to ral^" the cry
i,f "book farmin-," and ev.«ry new fangled implement
they consider a design upiui tle'ir pockets. Thestraw-
cutter is not a recent inventien, hut it had !i'»t ac^pii-
red mutdi p..pulaii!v, until NMihin a lew vears. Its
merits are such tliat w are -hul to s'^e it becoming
more and more common, and we bidieve that the dav
is not far distant when it will be deemed as essential
as a plough to every cultivator of a dozen acres.
It eosts'a farmer mmdi hard I ibor to secure fodder

1 it ir-- hi-<luty. as well as his mte-
l)h\ liv ;zivin;j; it out

,,, .,,^, .,,., which itwillh- m<^stch>-ely eaten up,

, and will do the aninuil.> tl.e -reatest amount of -ood.
I It would be thriftless in the extreme for h-.m t . wa-re
1 what he ha< lunvhased by so many h-ur- oi patient
I ji-ml-erv lb' uu ditto studv economy III all tliin.i:;s,

-in'the barn as well a. in'the kitehe,,. W lu.t he
! saves in thi- way is ch-ar gain. l.r in^t:,nee, i!, !y

a little mammement. he can keep his ..toek .m straw
' and cornstalks, and so have three tons o hay to Hdl

\u the M.rin-, he adds something like thirty d.dlars
to h;..vearlN^prohts-en.,u-h to buy Inm a new suit
.,{ ,|,,t!,e.. 'We do not wish him to >t.nt hi-^ catUe,
;„ tp,.;, nirions, inr tliat weuld he mis-a-alde policy
—eo.tin- him niMre to brin- them up m the summer
tl.an it wuuldhavedonetokcep them all the lime in

; food (jondition.
° The straw-cutter i.^ an a.bulra!,!.. inv. nli..n. an.l
it. use in the barn or stable should ncv.T be d.spens-
,„1 «iib Cml" an.l bnrses xvill -at "cut feed whIi
a vn^tlv n„,,.-.,v...l a,.petitc, and it "ill d,..;est, (-uen

•„, „,■,; );,nn.Man.-h nn.re rca.Mytlnu., ..:baw,s .
We reeonunend the cutting of lo.M-r I"' ^''' 'V'.'ai,';:
stock-after a thorou-h Inal of this loud.. ..I iced .,;;
-eertain as we arc that aimnals can thus be kept a
eonsideralde less cost, the food does then, .nore j^ood
for bein.^ cut, an<l they will thrive very much better
pn, itUno, n,H,n the old faslu.med .node, while a
n.,ichb.ss.,o:n'tityof material will be rc.p.n-c.l tn
satislv them. In point of econon.y a,..| ...nv,, n nee
both, those who have yet to try the c.M"'nment, «il
find that a palpable saving can be made at once and
continuallv by adopting this means of fcedin.; stock.

tanners are ncglig<!nt with n>gar,t to ^^aler lo. u,.... ^ Ewjlaml CMivalor

stock, of which there should always bo a good supidy > — i^e'" ^-''J'

Qi'•^^.y r.

)

I

Sl'BSOIL PLOWING.

I>l„«in- i.s 0.10 „(■ !(>.,. ,n„st ii>,|,„rt,iiit I,van,.I,os „f
„.n>M.ltan— n,.o...ssar.y evrn t„ i,.s ...istci,,.,. Tl
i,„,,r,.v,M.i"Tit ,.( ,,ra,:lu-al aKH.nilt,:,-,., i.s i„ nr,,, , r"
h„u to!,.. ,n,,,r.,v,..„,.„t „,;„1,, ;„ ,„, ,,.1 „1 ,|,„ ! !
inj;. II... ;.n.,.-.,,l,.s «n,«l. chc,ni.,(,-v li:is n.'v ■• U
„,._v l„. n.i. .. ;.l.„rtrve-llioir ro.sult,- doroclivo-l v
iiii|.r(.{M'r (tlo»vm;r. '*^ ^0

Ti,.-'..l;i,vt t„ !„■ „l,t,-.ino.l l,y plowing, is tlnvcf,,!,-.
d...... ..1 soil (.. I,,. a,N,on of tl„, at,,., s|.I,oro •"• r

bv r.('H a„.| M,..w ami al,s„il)iMl l,y (|„. x,,j| " "

I, l,...M.,,.-s „oc,-.sa>-y to p„h,...;,„ „„; s„\\, so tint

a<.,.t. ,„ lil,ri-al,i,- iis .alts, .-u,.! i„ :„,'„.,;„,. :, ■ ', '
that .■;.„.iu.OM Wliirl, is (!,.. l.r.stlitl.ri 7 ' ,"

l.s.l„.avv,.M,ks,„lo,l,... oil „!,.,, M,all„u„|„v,,
fi,-l, s..:l IS sooner aflo.-KMl l.y li,,. ,l,,,„,i, i V '

«.a..,.at,.r,i,.,,,,. .,,,., K.,,p;i;;;i,:':;r,^^;';;jj,;;;^^^

*'-'"<■ '''•""^^•- ^--HK, J :^l;;.^''•;;7'^--
.m-n..ticM.ommon pl.nv with th. sul,.(,il ,. , ' V
tin. ltd ., Ui.it air can poniiouto it, miM u i; ■,• ] ,. '

fitno!;:::i^;^';;i:i--,r';;---.rti,o,
tel:i::f;:::ir^!p'r'V'^'''''-^^

205
».a;„,,-,, was n,,,,Iio.- to ||,„ a,-,-,. }^^^~~^\ T

was tl„..n v,.,v n,.,v,.r,il I, 1 • " '"' ;\"K"''t, Hl,icU
!'■■< l.oa„tin.l I,-,.', ,^^;."''-"'l;'lr;a.t,etai,„.,l all

:'i"M-ito ti„. . , ,n., /,'-','"" '«;'"^^"''r"^^'' parts

i\n- ,li(r..,-,.,„., „ : ;""• ""^'"";'. «itl, tl„. spa,l,,

"111,,,, a fooitl, ,,r,„ ;,„ ■'■,'"' ••■" .'-""l"'! I-ort,,,,,,

-1- J it was ,1^; ,;,':;""'"■'■ ^ '■"""• ""-

"'.;•" i;..h.u-,i,y,.,-ti;;.„ ,1,:.;,,:;;::'."'

I.

w as

\". li

••"! i:. 1), i!H'I.;i|-
i" Koanrh of foofi

' "Til 1 (!,,[

-•'-.ilni. this ^u.'/:; ;;;;/'• .,;'''\''' -l-'ion that
^•»<'l»"^ oiiP hiiiMliv.) i",.. 1 •'" •^'l).'iita-(. to tlio

"i.tditchin^r. ^•'^'''^'*^^^"'^'^<'jii"^'wc'thintlNvi(h-

-■-^r „.o,„.,,. T,,,;..ot,;ir:.a:'::J',:',';;;„::7"'>---«

^'o. 1, notsuhsoilod, .ravo - *n/- n

^, «UljSOlIc(l, - _ . .

- (J70

5-i^ino.,;:;t.;:!,,;:r;,r----'-^'' •

s-u.iII.Mv, with those (.i • •

i'!'<\v ill"

< "illtll;,|| (,)■
'" . '

'■'" t ik;

:!iti'('ii
las

'■'"'•'■r. as I l,.,,v. '•, '^ ^ V "'" •■"■•■"•'■Ihii- la|„-oot of

""^'I'-xrain -Li" ''"■'•^' '" ''•'n^'^qnonuo of ,.„.-
^' k'^'P th.« I, ;:'■'■•■'•""•'„!;.>• "■I'!«l'. I was ,.nal,l .

r r." <''o,l,:, ' ;f '";-^-<ti,>.; it stoo,i tilick-

'" ■■'•■'y last I 3; "" ^"''"""' ""f ^"l-il'-'l.

"^"•in a fid i,o:r;:;;l'^"' .""-""> -I.air a.,-,, n,

o,v,l tl„. .s„I,..,il .,r : ;"l "'."'-'''"'X. I vo,.si,l-

was any cliii;.,-,";.,. ;•,;'*" 'j" '^'■•'^"" •'»" : if tl„.,-e

-M,o,.-inos;i,, i,: i :x":fr^'''^'^''f''-
J. -orvat,on or^l,,, „|!;.,,.t- of .nl.'^i ;,:";, ..,"'"".;'
las l.eci, piuefi,-,^,! l,y ,„v--,.ll .,,„i . r' ' " ' '' •'-. ' '

cn,ps-u.,,.||v',.:i::.,M,;:\,';;'''''''''-'' '-■-■-"■ a,„lall

i:^:'^n:;;^,::i''!o''s::;r;'L';r-''''''"

"•iti. ov,...ya,i.ii,ion.i i '^"' •,r:r;':'^' •"'■"","'

salts of tl„; low,.,- st,"if, t t 1 ' • ' ''y"S"'o llio

""• i»CDty loads of unfermented

s.,v vl,.,ii 'I lallv, ,1 tl„,s short ai„ „„,i,',-f..ct cs-

sr ;s';:,;''"s,i''r:i',':: f

tioiiN 31allorv.

2G6

STATISTICS.

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Gucnoii's Metliod of Choosing Milch Cows.

)V'e soinewliat wonder thiit tliis book is not morn

p?nerally known among farniors. A N3\stom whicli

approaclios comparative cxaotnoas in enabling ono

to tell the milking qualities of a cow, the amount of

her milk, its quality, the time she will be dry a

system which is applicablo, also, to a calf, or a heif-
er, and enabling you to judge from certain external
mariis whether she is to bo valuable or worthless for
the dairy, is surely, if true, one of the most valuable
discoveries of the day. h it trur ? We answer wiil,-
(»ut having much practical ex])erien(!(^ (uirxhc.. ti,;.j
inthis, prohaldy the b«st Aa'w\ (li-,trict in ti,,. riii,,ii
and which has contrihnt.d to mak,' il^. excellence
of Philadcljdiia butt, r pruverbi-il, it is hrVirrr,] j,,
fully and j>ractised \>y some of mn- hn-. ■-.•>[ aiil
be.st dairyne-n. in select in, r tli.ii- cmw^. That it
8houl<W/;>y>M/- absurd, and !•" inexplicableas re«Mr(N
the connection between ceriaii

1 MUi

y].

1 1 i ' ' ! I a I r and

the capacity for deep milking, is no nr-oni^nt wh-ai
arrayed against furls. Some of uur Irieiid.s have
proved it fully. One In particular, has giv. n if mindi
attention, and made him^'df acouaioted uitli liic
method, and although engaged 'in business in n,,
ways connected with agricnltnr.'. is ,all' ! n^^n by
farvvn-s from various quarters, to purchase their
cows, and we have known of one case of his attend-
ing a vendue of cows, and refusing to bid because
they had not the right joarks, to have the effect of
thfdr going off at a very low figure, and miking a
difference to the owner of a very consid('rable smn.
The anual value of butter and cheese, made in this
State for 1.S50, was >^4,930,102, estimating the butter
at b cents, and the cheese at G cents per pcuunl

A(,Kl(;i l/ruKAL SOCIETY OF AURILLAC.

At its general meeting of the 2Gth of May, the
following U,>port was presented and read on the sub-
ject of the experiments whieh I had been called upon
to make :

V^Y'niT.-Gnillcmcn: M. Francis Ou^'non, a hus-
Ijandman of LilHuirne, has established a Uiethod
deemed by lum infallible. ],y means of whieh, upon a
mere n.speetion .d'any Mil, h Cow, she may be ud-

ed of, and we may kn^w the .,nalit v of b r" nnlk tL-
quantity ol ,* whn b >he is (.apabl^ <.r yield. n;:. and
also th.' time doiin;;- ubirbsbe ea,, ..ive milk

A |Vnnnittre;,p,„Mn,,d ty ,!„. Aurienltiiial So.d.-
tyol l>..r, ..anx.an.leMnino.vd wkv^u-ra! uej! inform-
ed agneultur.M^ and .d a very .li.tin;^ui b.d I'nd.vs-

sornltbev.t.rinarya.rnltl.e|).,,arin,e,,t,.r(iir.n(ln,
iKid already boaie te.line.nv, aloo- pntlin'.- it t-. !,n-
nao-nu. to^ts to lb., elfieaeion.nessof t!;esyst<ou of
:'^- <"'*'''-": and tie' n-.-ilt o| it. .d, ,a-. ;,t i,,n > bad
''7"" P"bli.!i..d in a veryr.niirkald- re|M>ri, address-
^'d to all Hie Agrienltnr.il Societies .d' br.inee.

\o,irS..eiety,rMnHd. 0011- that tbi^ discovery mioht
pC! ol bi-b loipo.ianr,. I,, nur connrrv. wldrb^b-riTes
Its incone^ . biefly Iroui the product' of .Milrb Lows
entered into correspondence with its author, and'
gladiv aecepted his obliging offer to come to Jvii-
vergne and Mibjcrt lii> neobod to tb" t»
ment.

oi ex peri-

Vestenlay, the l^Itb of May. M. (in.'non arrived
at Aurillac, ami munednitely proceeded with the
members of ynur Committee to the Vei/rac farm be-
longmg to the President of the Societ'y. lie exam-
ined with the utmost care the fife'cw staldc; of that
doma.n, \\bieb .mbraces one iiondre<l cows of the
best varbti. .> that we possess. Uo then be"-an his
experiments upon a number of cows whiidi were pre-
sented to blni. and which bid designedly l)een se-
lected from :ii.i-ni:t!i(> best, the moderately good, and
the iie-t mdili^rent of the establishnrem. [ [.a.
each of ihcse separately, 31. Cncnon pronounced
with pneisi.m. both in regard to her daily yield of

^ ""• 'liirin'4 wlii(di she eontinue<l to
.-■!V- milk after b,ing ^oi with .alf. AVe must a.-
kllowl-.lg(^ gcntb nnai, ibat bis de.-iMons eori'. ^pond-
ed ali.io>t invariably with the statement. (d,tatned
ln>m tbe^ jM r>on in ^\ box- (diarge the c^vs ar. . Tbe
'Oily \ariancrs we bad to iiotiee were .vonie \c)'\ --li-bt
> IV'Oii tli.dr not : ^"'■" '" '■'■-r:ii-d to tbe (jiiantity of milk. ( »n tb'i^ jMant

we must eall your attention io tbe faet tbat tbr eows
of that establishment are alwavs f-d bigb, upon (do-
ver or otiea- artificial grasses, v.bicb "considerablv
augment tb.; quantity of milk ; and timt \]u< mav
have caused the mistake of M. (Jnemm, whi. b e.ai-
sisted 111 bis pronouncing the yield to be a little k-ss
ibaii it really is. It is to b- remarked that b.> was to-
tally uiia.-.|iiaiiited wiib tbe usages of the country in
re.ii.iid to tbe feeding of cattle.

In onbo- tborougbly to convince y(Mir Committee
of the reality of the discovery, M. ( ; ui'-non made us ac-
quainted with the differcMit signs upon which his
method rests. With reference to these signs, which
are external and apparent, and stamped by the hand
of Nature upon eacdi animal, be ha^ established (d<dit
classes or families, tbat coinj.reband all the vari-
eties of the cow found in the variuu,-, rruvincc.^ of
France. Each class is divided into eight orders ; and
each of these orders into three sectiims, according to
size, as being high, of medinm height and low.

According to the numerous observations of the au-
thor, all cows belong to some one of these classes or
families, and take their place under some one of the

"niJin^thenumbfirof ,Kn>mIs of butter l,v tlio ,„,:„- inilk, :n,.| |,, il„. ,

I'orof cows, Wfi fin I ;,„ ,,v,<rn;re vicl-l i;„- ,,,cli r.„v

of only about Ir, pnnud.s ol bu;ter"ii r ■^»nmn. TIms

small amouiiimay bo ;««■//,/ nwi,,.;, ,„ ,1,,.;, ,„,, ,,„i„„

mall cases so k..,,tnr„l t.-,.;!..,] a. o vi,.] i ,l„.i,-f„n

capacity, but n : ,l.,uKi ,l,i, |!v nv

poHSCsin;^ ,!„ /-■o;.r/y..r,l.:.i,„nlk;„.. A.i,„;„i„.

the system of Guonon to bo o,„.:v ,, V, ba.MKo u,., J
Mtimate the increase of dairy products in our own
■■"■■>", .f It Hero generally known. M.any a calf goo,
to the butcher that would make a valuable milker.
•iMy acalfis raised to make almost a w„rtl,l,.s
«"». This new method guides il.O:,, ■„,.,■ i„ ,,,^1
ease The book is in ,,an,,,!,let form, and can be for-
«rded by mail, and may be obtained at the agricul-
ural warehouse, in this borough. It w.as critically

a'Tl'u ?'' '■'P"'"''^' "" ^y ■'•^■'=^'^I ««=<'"tific and
a?, "7, '"'''"*'' '" l"""'"^' "■'"' «"'^J<"^ted the

ormly favorable, and ho was presented with me-

a?'"; :;■' I""*'^" '»' themselves. AVo give below,

which iJwT "^ *''' '"'=''' '^S^ic'Itural sociotios,
's but the counterpart of many others.

•ff

1<J -i.

2CS

rnoosixr, MTLrii cows-fowl fkvkh

De(

EMBn,

eitrjit ()nl(M\s of tho class. Kach class possesses marks
(lirtViin;!; in sliai)o and si/c from tlioso of tlu> (.tlicr
clussos; and tliosc marks arc easy to (listiii;;uisli, on
merely l^xikinjz; at tli(Mn. In cacfi class, tln'^ cows of
tlic fir>( orders are the best <.!' the das^, and tli"
vieM of milk is in pmportictn to liie (U'der ; so that
the two hi;i;her orders are the mo««t |»ro(lm'tive, the
third and lonrth ord(M-s tiileral.ly ;;oo<l, and tho (till-
ers fallin:^ oif more and more, accordmi^ to their
grade.

M. Gnenon apjdied his system, in oni- presence, to
a nnmher of cows v. hii-h were present**! to him a
f^econd tinie: he made ns icmark their varions si-ns,
whicli (!liVi;rcd in si/e and sliaiie, and wi're lar"-(/r or

1C'.«1

smaller, aeeordin;;- as lh(^ cow \vas a ^o<m1 or had
milker. He infoiined n , ih.n his system is (Moiallv
applii-al)!e to yonnii; animaK. and tliat their liiimv
(pialities in re_i;ard t.> ihc pi-odnriiou ormili; can l>e
jud;j;t',l (.{ wiih c<,nal certainly. In ( wn ,.horalion
of this, he caused n. i,, notice the same si;»;ns nnon
calve-* three (u- four m(»nlhv djl. ,iii ] .i].,, iij,,,ii j.iills
destin^Ml for tho next covering;- s( asi.n. The cowherds
Rtat;'(l that thi» calvc^s which litnl been a<siL:;ned hv
liim to the lirst orders were from cows that _i;ave a
pjr<\it <leal of milk. Tp-.n two sphnidid hulls, of tho
fine hrocd of Sai.kPvS, which were of tho same ii.;;'o,
and exactly alike in hair and si/.e, M, Cucnuu pass-
ed very <]ilferent judgments; tho one ho pronounced
jj;ood, and assii;nod to the first order of his Fltnulcrs
class; the other he pronounced had, and assi2;ne<l
to the lifih order of tln^ UmizonlaJ class.- He justi-
fied these jud;:;ments hy very ]»rociso comparisons,
and made us reniark the dinbrcncc that existed in
th<^ sii2;ns of the two animals.

'J'liis day, tho 2<ith of .May, >T. Cluenon has made
new experiments at tho Cattle Fair of the town o(
Aunllae, in pres<Mico of several members of th<' Cen-
tral A;;ricultural Society, and of the Sub-Societies,
and of a great number of land-owners and aixricul-
turists of Cantal and tho nei;;ld)orinL^ Deparlmcnts.

The following is tho maninn- in wliich your Com-
mittee have tlnaight proper to proceed. * Each cow-
was examined sei»arately by ^T. (Iiionon. wlio wrote
liis notes upon her, and delivered the pa]>er (dosed,
to one of ns. Immediately affi-r. another npinljor
of tho C )m mil tee (pn^^tiMivd th" nw ikm- ".f llic r.w . («v
the ]K'r-<Mi iii rlmii:.' '•!' hei. in rs'-ard to Iht daiU
3'i(dd ol inllk. il< ((iiality. and lla' Inn^ dm in -: ^^ oicli
sho coniinii"d 1.. -l\c niill^ al'i-T bcini:- i:"i ^\ilIl calT
Tlio aii-wiTx \\,.i-e tr.k( II dnwn in wiitii!-. and th- ii
compared with ih ■ notes wiittrii bv M. inn'oon.
They \yere g(>nerally foioMi to accord. "and pi. \, .], to
tho satisfaction of your Committee and of every one
present — all (d whom altemled with lively interest to
those procoedin^is — that ^I. (Jucnon possesses great
sagacity in judging of cattle, and that his method
rests upon a sure foundation.

An incident occnrnMl to confirm us in thisoj-iidon.
A farmer played the trick ofbrin'^ing up fur i^\A\\\\
nation a cow that had already boon examined and
pronounced upon. The notes written by M. (un^-non
on this occasion, accorded exactly, in every respect,
with those he had written cm the former.

The method of M. (MUMion has not tho merit of
being a brilliant theorv. It rests upon facts andlon;*:
experience. It is only after repeated trials, and twen-
ty-five years of toilsome researches, that its author
has accomplished the task of establishing it.

AVe are of opinion, gentlemen, that M. Ciu'non
ought to be encouraged by you in the publication of
a system which appeal 8 to us destined to exorcise a
happy inliuencc on tho advancemi^nt of one of the
most important branches of rural economy. AVliat

immenso advantages may there not rcMjlt, mm'.
larly in Auveigne, wlnno the raising of cattle 11
the mannhiclureof cheese, constitute the chief ^^1?
(d industry, from a method which should oiiahl'
to distinguish, in a sure way, between good \\\\lux
(M)ws? \\y ap[dying this system t(. calves a„j.:
Ijiills, our stock would ra[»;d!y he raided to a h"!
point of exc(dlence, and we should soon liaveiu''!
mountains none but cows of the best kind. ^ ^

I n view of all these considerations, your Cuinailiiee \
have the honor to propose — 1

1st. Thdf lltcfi' he (uninl^tl lo M. Gufiwn, a mU
mahil, u'ilh the (Jjhfu o/' Oi.ivikk do Skures. '

2iid. Thai hi- ht! iHin.laiin*:d a corres-iioiulinn m^m.
her of ihc Sodc/i/.

'.\i(\. yb snh.scfihefor lire nh/frv capites of hin wor];
Joy (Uslribulion aniomj ihe SuO-,'jocitfieiS<>J')he druarl
incut. ''

4th. T'> raifse this Urpovt to }>e in.sdlrd in thf \^^.
RKTi.Ti KM, Pia)i\\(;.\i<.K. and ii liaiini'.t a coiiy to
all the Prelects and Ai:ricultni-al Societies of Fraiiu-
|Signed| COINT ^• MCXI-S,

(ji. hi. LAbAl 1:11:.
(iKM-ilAL !:\i;o.\ iiltJOMT
y. DE VIA i\L>, UqMkr uj tk
Com wit Ice.

XoTF.— At the same sitting, the reconimoudatioDS
of thii (.'.unmitteo were adoplc^d by the Central boci-
ety of Agriculture of Cantal.

*Se(^ tho nam^'.-! of the several classes, in the chap-
ter Oil the dijff rent kinds oj' Cows.

Tlic h\)\\] I 'ova-.

li would seem by the following paragraphs, vdiich
we extract from tlie Xew England Ciillivatur, that
iliQ/oivl fever has by no means abated:—

At the late ]>oston fowl exhibition, in Soptoniber,
tiiree ''Cochin Chinas" were sold at Slliol A jiairof
grey Chittagongs at S.'.OI Two Canton Chinese fuvls !
at SSO! The grey Shangbio chicks at i^T-V. Three
wiiite Siianghius at St"»4! Six white Sliangha? clmk-
ens SIO to S-l'); and these prices, for similar sam[»les,
could now bo oljtained, again and again.

AVjilTn ill- • niontlis extra samples of two y^Ti
<'!d ImwU, ot' til!' lai\: ' Chimv'^e varieties, have b<H'n
s.dd ior SlOO the pair II. Several pairs, witliin ('iir
own l;iin\\ !(m1'j;(\ 1i ive coninianileil >'>>) a ici.;- within

■ of

aw a IMO

ill:' pa^i ,s)\ nii»nilis. List week,
V. liiiC Slianglncs sold in 15oston ior > U. Ami the
best specimens of Shangh;\}s and Cochin Cliiuii fo^^l?
now being S20 to ^25 a pair, readily, to purchasers
at the South and A\'( st.

These ]>ricesdo note(jual, however, the sums vhicb
have been recently ol)taineil in England ior i^c^
fowls. 'J'le' C(»ttage Caidner says:

A\itiiin the la.st low wcidvs, a gentleman near Lon-
don lias s(dd a pair of Cochin China fowls fyr ol'
guineas, (Sb'iO) and another pair for oS guinoi*.
IS 11)0. He has been ottered ,C2(I for a single lion:h;^j
sold numerous eggs for one guinea, (>^')) eacn.AI'^
has been paid down for chickens just liatohcu, -
guineas, (:^G0) tho half dozen, to be delivered*
month (dd. One amateur alone has paid upwards 0
XiOU for stock birds.

Jl^^Ovcr thirty tons of Eggs were brought mto
Sandusky. Ohio, on Thursday last, on the Sanduskv.
Mansfield and Newark railroad. The Register Icaritf
that they were all from one point, viz: Mansfield.

I

I

I

BTTTTEU-PEAUS-CIIT II A V-COMMFNTP ATTA\^

2G9

Taste of Turnips in ISutter.

\|)eutsix or seven years ago, I saw it stated in a
pMvinciarn('\vspap(T, to feed cows with turnips im-
uiediittely after being milked, and (m no account to
jfivi.' tlM'ui any a short time before milking, prevent-
0,1 the inilk oV butter froni tasting of turnips. The
nif^tlied I pursue is this: Immediat(dy after being
niilkod in the mornirig, tln^y get as many turnips
rt< thi'V can eat. During the day they ar(^ fed on hay,
and iinnu'diately after milking at night they get the
s;inif^<iaaMtity of turnips. The milk and butter ar'>
vprv iuutdi admired bv all wdio take them, 1m. lh for
color and Havor, and i have often })ecn called up an
to j;ivo a statene lit i^! lOir leiMiiii _' i,v \isitors. I
haveseveril tin'- ;:i\eti tiie cmw.s (nrnip-^ :i ^dlo^l
time Ix'ftire being milked, io-t to prove th" t'ning. (Mi
such occasions t!ie milk an I l.nl'or la-ied stron-dy
of turnips — [(Jaid. « limn.

Criginnl Conini unicalious.

Pcar«^ Mu Qjiinrc.

At a Peinological meeting durdu: tie' late State
Fairat Utica, an<l attended by iiiny, Tlioina<. 11 1-
TPy, Elliott, Warder, and other experi(»nerd I'ruit
Gniwers, the follow in^:; li-^t \v;l> voted, as Iiising prov-
ed after several years trial, to be the ni .-.t desirable
fur Quince Culture, the vaii'^tifv^; nam • L b dng both
vigorous and productive on that stock.

boui.^e Bunne of Jersey, Capiiininont,

Dutchess Angouleme, Napoleon.

TrMirre Diel, JJeurre d'Amalis,
"Wdiite and Cray Doyenne, Easter Beurre,

bangCireen of Aurornn, Sohhit Laborour,

boyenno Boussock, Fv dale's Sr. Cermain,

H'Tiry IV, Dergamo^r ■ radetle,

iSummer Frankreal, Beurre d'Anjou,

Mad(deine, Doyenned'lli'ver^'ouveau,

Steven.s' Genesee, Frbaniste,

Vicar of Winkficld, ]'. ninMJirisd liivcrNo'vu,

Clout Murceau, Catillac.

<'ut lla\ lor Milcli ( (»u<.

We copy rnao liie \,.w I'lngland Farmer, an exper-
im*Mi'!.y Wiiliam S. Lincoln, on f(>edin- tli'al.ove:

*'-My indkiii^r ^(,,ck con-i^te(l oiOne cmw. w !d(di
cam.' ui ihr i^.lil, nf last October, tie- tw.. trial .'m-a^.
anduneothor wliieh ,-aKed h-^r .\piil.and Nslii.'h is
expected tM caive again the m-st ..(■ next Apidl. Smhic
fxjmetnii- hefore cuinmenein- this exprrinient, 1 u a.s
leedmg my stock— what would be called poor stock—
With hay, with an allowance of roots. 1 commenced
eutting this hay for all my st(X!k, young and old,
lHixteenhead,)()ccupyingmeonoIioura!i<l-alialf.lailv.
'■^imo.^t simultaneouslv with feedln- ilo' cut liav w.as

'f milk \ery perc(^ptible a- i

\N as ni

I" the pad. An in.piii-v was made bv 10 v \\\U\ who

1,'!^^*'''T i^*^*"''' •'*'''■ '''••"•■•;e of the dairy, as to the

cause ot this increase. An evasive reply was made.

rem day to day, the milk increased enoJgh IVom the

wcK 1 have described, to re(piiro the substitution of

I th- T T ^^* ^'^"*'' ^^''''*''' ^'=^*^ ^*^^'" previously n.sed.
niniv Janl^Mlhin bounds in saying the ii,erease

hovif'^r''''^ J''"^ daily, per cow-, occcasio.e'd. tu tic
"cstot my knowledge, s(ilely by the use of cut hay.''

vill'o u ^ Poi^'i-TRY Breeding Establishmext.— Or-
sand I "^"*'^' Watertown,N. Y., keeps five thou-
^. u nens in a ten acre lot, with large, suitable buib
^ ^^rroostmg, laying, setting, and rearing chick-

din
ens.

As long ago as one can re/,i,. ruber, when a stranger
visited our city, his friends mad^ it a point to drive
with him to th(^ Woodfonds, as one of rh<- m>M at-

j tractive spots in (uir vicinity. Fair-Mount and biur-
el-IIdl did not then po.ssess tleir present attractions.

I (iirard College had not b.'en dr> imM >,r. an 1 /!i>-
Ir. tin's Cud' II had fallen out of mind, except \Tith
tie' s,-l,.nt ilic ie-.v.

I Beeently Dr. I >ai lin-tuu's bo ,k has awakened
1 pu1d;e a!!t-nti.in to the >p,,t wdiieh liartrani'-^ name
:im1 lie' V'MMd' Si. John I >e Crave, 'Me, ir loak- (da^-
«i'''i': -"I'ld the (-tate ,,r the Ilamilren's afr-r beini:
Ion- negl(M.'ted. ha, iireh r ihe e-,M,d-ta-re arel good
auspices of the Cemet.-rj Comparir, ha<l \u beauties
developed, cultivated and impiM\,.,l. uriril it [.rumisrs
to become ,,n- oi' .air Unest speeiniens .,!' Laud-cane
< ear hnnntj:.

\< the season of the year i> with us, v.h.n ^neh
places api)ear most iuterestiui' to all whose oieriiri"-
siiu \>rgestoits Occident, let us take a giaiae at
them.

After crossing the Permanent Bridge, turning .south
from West Philadelphia, you tiTel your->elt' ,ei ihc
Plank r.>ad leadim: l^ harhy, and il it bo in tli.. ,-.v,.n
lele (,r the year, soon come to where the I'alling leaves
say to you — mnnrntomori — It is"tle Wondlands," a id
as you drive thrMii-ii tia-e pleasant gr(;unds tlic in-
stincts of your nal nn; re-echo the ever reeurrin" —
sisto viator. Yiui have again and aLMbi to iinjtrov
these S(demn injunetion- -and admii-e ih.. braut

' around yi-u. V(air thoughts, if rightly trained, af-
ter loidving down, looking around and lookin"- within
are led to look up. Fcrhaps you mav .sav to V'lirsvdf
\s 'dl. alter all tlie-e tast'diil and beautilbl memorials
id the dead, a siniple ;j;;reeii turf is the Covering VN hi (dl
oiir uetuMering (day shonhl mo<t covet for it-i narrow
house surrounded by all that is alive and beautiful;
there is then no sciilpture'l niarlde to awaken en\y, ,,r
eulogistic epitaphs to provoke in<pii>ition, -when "cor-
ruption says to tie' Worm thou art my n, other."

, Should .snrvi\ini:; IViiaids Avi>h a more cert.ain index
to the spot where your bone> repose, let it be in the

I simplest form pos.-ible, (d some enduring niat'-.rial,
with an cpnilly simple Ilic Jacet.

Requiscai in Pace.

"W hat with the *'ev(>ntide of tlie year," tie* ^\ood-
hunls; is now potad' .rlv attractive as a bT^t r^^tin^'
plaee !o|-the poor body wiien done \\ith lite.

Leaving the woodlands, to find the old Bartrara
Place, turn to the left a little below the "Sorrel
Horse" — crossing the railroad on a bridge where the
cutting must be at least thirty feet deep, and you find
yourself on the spot. Much of the original Bartram

e

CM

:rC'

: '\-X

270

COMMUNICATIOxXS.

Oara.n is on the west of the rallroa.l. which, in fact, I rious, and highly oniumental" in7t,s archite

passes tlirougli near tlic mi(hlle of it. The original
dwelllng-hoiiso is quite elevated. The moment you
enter the ]);-cmi.ses, through a gat**, about one eighth
of a mile from the great southern road, the trees,
shrubs and plants all indicate that you aroapproach

its tower and cupola, and in the character of tl,e ' '"
parations making for what arc to be its surruundir^
which might, possibly, excite the envy of our /„,7/,ot
aires towanls any other than a Philadelphia hand',
craf.s-mun, whose industry, energy, cnterprize' and

ing classic ground; indeed, the double row of ancient in-enuitv have won fr .m Hi. V ^'''

11 •.! • 1 « I '"«*''"' ly iiave won irom tlio haiperor of nil n.

ctalpas ono on ..„l„..r s„lc of you, on leaving the lU.,.i„s, tl,e an.plo moans which onablo 1 in J "'

:::::^!::'' :";^;':' ""•-": "-^- ':<■- --"- much for the a.io:.n.ont of o,. own wi:,;:;:

and add new attractions to the many already exist.

ing the gate. AV^ilking over the grounds tlio first

thing wln.h surprises you ,s their cxicnl. V.u,r next ing in that intero.tin<. h)cality

surprise will be at the vast nunibor of intoro^tii^.^ m^mLl n.. ,. ; ir " i /•

4. r 1 , ^ oliouM those jottings dowiM^ a corrc^nondonf

.•00. of an a,o n, , ,..,..,..,. „„,i,.ati„, „,:„ B.,- ,„,,, „„ doopl/tin,,:! ,,y ,he inflnonce« "

tram h.m.olf had .'.antod and fainod tho,n-son,e of and ,,.!! .v I,.,-." „or yot a.aio I,, dovot. ,t^h"

rrod.ft.ous .,zo, some vory rare, and nm„v .f extra- ,:„,:, to .I,e nam<- of IJavtram and the Ilortieu 1,!!

ordinary heanty-the ever^^reen., parti, ul.nlv, I„om h. Icfi ixdund luo., tl.oy are.t your s-rvi,-,.

not
sere

up and attract you; Th»^re, too, close l)y the
Fouth east corner of the old mansion, stands tim La
dy Petre Pear tree, with its thousand interesting as-
sociations. The present proprietor is entitled to the
puldic thanks for the genteel courtesy with wliich he
so clieerfully accords to strangers pcrmisson to range
over those interesting groiinds, and for the facilities
which he has provi<l.Ml. All the luu-t interesting
trees and plants are labcdled in a fair hand, conspic-
uously, in a way to indicate both their botanical

October 20t!i, \sy2.

fATOR.

For the Farm Joirnal.
AdiiitioMal Remarks on the use ufUmc.

Every reader of your valuable Journal must have
been pleased with t!ie article in the November num-
ber, by .Air. (;. might l^rowne: "on the theory of the
action of lime in agriculture."

The views which he there gives are unexcoptiona-

character, an<l the name ],y which they are general- ^^^ T'''^' '''''^ ^''''' ''' '^ '^'"'^ '^"^ '^'^' ' "^^•
ly known; His arrangements and improvements are i ""T '^^'!/'' ^''"''^ '''''''''' ^'' sufficiently recommend-
all in excellent .rood fnMo nro.onH-n.. n,... ; ..^ I ""'^ ^^ ''^^ ^^^^«^^ ^^'^'^> ^"^^'^^ *^^ ^i^ive their ideas settled

1 1 1 • . 1 . "!« iisiia ir

abound, combine true luxury, with a neatness and ' v • . • t . ,

^inlnluM'^- u-li; K ^oii 1 11 1 it. i ^^ ^'^^^^^ immediately after being slacked; instead of

simpiichjr >uiicn can hardly be surpassed. Eve'»'v N • /• ^ n i ,

wlw^rr^ ^^,1 ..^ ^ • 7 r .1 1 . 1. ; 1 ^•f'^";?^!"^^ allowed to become perfectly carbonated by

where, you see ovidenee of the best care-takn'^ and I /« • . . ., • -r , . i

n , , , . , ^^'' "^ ''''"'"^-^' ''"^ sufficient exposure to the air. In the former case, if

ot an occupant who undoi-tands and appredatos the ' c].,,.]^^,! i,,. ,,.,<„, u , • - .• i r i • r

. I, , . ,, . . , , ^' I siackcU l)v -N.ator, it consisc3 entirely of a combination

unrival!ed precious things in the productions oi mr.th- • r i:,„ . ,, i , n i xi i i . r i- Tf

^^ ,, ., r I • 1 , 1 , , . "' ^'"^'^' i^ii'^ ^V'^tor, called the hydrate of lime, an*! if

er eartii, oi which he has become the pn>pr ctor ; and • i i i r ^i •, " • , i

^1 . , ^. . ,. : ^ ' air-slackod, of the same compound, with more or less

„i 1 /» ., , ^ ,.„ ... ., ' I uove uic amount ncce;?flary to saturate the acias in

able for its age, but still so k^, with scarcf^an ndica- Ui -i -i. -n i , , i i

f,-^, ^f 1 Ti -1 r ' ^"^ I the soil,it Will prey upon the humus, to the dama;^eof

tion of decay. Its window-frames carved out of solid ,i • v ' i • i ^r ri • ^^.

. 1 -1 \i .„ , ., j the growing crop,'^ind even vath Mr. Gowen swords,

stone, while tho. pillars, and wide steps, and nave- <* i i • n x. i r -i . i •

, r.i ,. Vp ,, c^p-, niii I 'i^^ <'v,hen his allotted means fail to appease his growing

mentot the portico, arc of the same endunn'^ matn *•*. ? -n r i ., i . ,, i ;» t *»,,

rial. Ihe niagnificenr vines which cover its entire ' i u r. a- • xi i ^ u «,>

c ^ ^^J.^ -, ..,,,, I latter case, after suflicicutly long exposure to the air,

Iront, add the j;/fV?^rmme to the double real ty (>f its V • , ^ .• i • . i / r r n^fJa

,, ^ ^ ^ ,, „ -^ '■^ It is converted entirely innj carbonate of limo, that 19,

green old age. Long uiav Mr. Eastwick's life be L , i- r r r i i • -i i • i. iia«

^ ^ . .. , \ '■'^ i a combination of lime and carbonic ac:d, which na^

spared, to keep alive as he does, every thiu'^ connect- m n i- l- r ^i i i t ritmp

\ .' , ^ n , . ,, J ^ »•'•„ V. uuictL none of the alkaline properties of the hydrate of lime,

cd witli the name of John Tjartram, in the same taste- i„f :, «i,.fi , i \ i i ,i • ^ ^ «„.i nthor
,,.,.. ' . .iULia. Li. but IS earthy and neutral both in taste and otner

lul, juaicious and magnificent way with which he' i- i .^ r ^ ^^ ^ - «iM,nRt

, "^ , ° -^ »>iiii >MiiLii lie properties, and may therefore be applied in almost

any quantity with impunit3\

Wh.at I would particularly point out In connection

has commenced.

lie is building for himself a residence upon eleva-
ted ground, entirely without the original premises
cultivated by Bartram as his r^anhii. The traveller
has a glimpse of it in passing, by railroad. This
building is of an extent and style of finish, novel, cu-

with this matter, as it probably is the true cause o
the difTeront results obtained by different experlmen
ters, is tlie different facility with which different ts.
rietics of lime absorb carbonic acid from the air, and

COMMUNICATIONS.

271

tlo iliffcrent lengths of time, which even the same
kin»l of lln^'^ '"«^y require for its saturation, if placed
unil'T different circumstances. This is particularly
the case, when the lime contains large (piantities of
ma^'nosia, when It is exceedingly slow In absorljlng
the carbonic acid even when spread on the soil, and
this is probably the cause v.hy magnesia in lime was
fur some time considered injuri<jus, altogether, for ag-
ricultur:il purposes. Some fourteen years ago, when
tliis notion was quite prevalont — the writer of this
arti<'lo being desirous of settling tlii^ '|!i'"-ti'-ii (•..nmn-
jjj.r tli) injurious effects (»(' iMitgiiesia in lini" u-' 1 In-
ft'^ricultural ptirposes--!i;i|)piMi'^d to visit :i '|ii;irry in
Beiks county, the li'.n-' iV-it) wlii. !i w;is used lai-gtiy,
(say from o') to 40 bn.-li'-N tn tlo' aoi-e) with<ait t!i(;
least injurious effect, ^'o ii i'lirv aljoot tlio liiiit!
from fin adjacent cpiarry oiiiy a few ro<ls distant, it
\Tas stilted that it was not used f-r the same purpos-
es on account of its containing magnesia. Specimens
of the limestone were procured from both quarries.
They differed in appearance by their color, the repu-
ted laagnesian being of a light grey color, while the
other was of a dark 1)1 iie. l*y analysis they both
were found to contain the same, and and a very large
prttporti(»n of carbonate of magmssia, (44 per cent.)
It was thus evident that the preference of the one o-
ver the other could only be due to its blue color, caus-
ed in this, as in similar cases, by the presence of a
V'^ry small portion of carbonaceous matter (less than
one-half of one per cent.) It proved, however, con-
clusively,that with proper precautions, even such high-
ly maj;nosian lime is applicable to the soil with equal
benefit.

Before leaving tliis subject it may, however, not bo
wltimat interest to state, that another and en-
tirely different use has by :ome been assigned
to lime in a caustic state. This use depends on
the property of caustic lime to decompose clay and
Elaiil.ir minerals associated with it in the soil, when
mixed with 'hem in the moist stato, by which the po-
tas.>a, and perhaps also phosphorie acid, which they
always contain, arc liberated, or at least put in such
a state of combination as to be taken up readily by the
plants. If this view be correct, so that it should 1)e
pos-il'ole to apply it fur this purpose with advantage,
as this effect could not bo produced by it as carbonate,
it is evMont that it would bo necessary to apjdy it
in a-: caustic a state as possible, and abundantly. It
must, however, be admitted, that on account of the in-
jnnoiiy effects which ?;Ir. Go ven has so ably contended
again >t, it should be used for this purpose vrlth hesi-
tation, f(jr instance, only on entirely worn out soils,
for which the best time would bo in the fall, owing to
the constvint state of moisture during the winter.
This same property of lime might also suggest the ex.
periment of slacking the lime with Avater to a thin
paste, and then mixing it with a proper proportion of
clay, so as not to render the mass too hard for break-

ing, when dry, as the same effect would be still mi.o.*
enhanc(Ml by a moderate burning of the materials, it
is not improbable that certain clayey limestones, such
as are fre((ueiitly fouml in the ct.al-mciisurcs, might
be preferable for agricultural purposes; but they
would require particular care in burning, as too high
a heat would probably Imp;ilr their slacking proper-
ties, as also diminish the desired effect.

:m. it. ?..

?iiiladel[.li!;i, Nov. 30th, 1P52.

V'T till,' I'urm Jijuriml.
Hll-lit in Pear Tvn<,

n

Some popular writor^ on tiM- IJi.ilit of p^'ai- iv

,^,>q

attribii!" as one cause, irec/lii^.-; wl' ;!ir ^ap, {■,ii'*ivMi-
larly wli.'r' ti-'i's iiiak(3 a vo^y vigorous growtii late
ill t!io season, .itf' 1m not mature tlie wood perfectly.
If this reasoning be correct would it not be prrqx^r
to remove, at this season, with the knife, all inima-
ture branches of late growth ?

Novice.
Chester county, Nov. 27 ih, l> j'J.

fWe have no doubt that the alternato froezin::
ai.d thawing of our open winters is the frequent pre-
disposing cause of pear blight, causing the sap ves-
sels to distend and burst, anil also that there is a
greater liability in immature wood to be affected by
these changes, and which may sometimes be prevent-
ed by the plan suggested above, but this will n(^t af-
ford jicrfccl security, as blight occurs fre([uently
where there is no late autumnal growth, and d(jes not
invariably occur where there is. Prevention is, how-
ever, easier than cure, as when it has once commenc-
ed, it progresses very rapidly, and nothing l)ut the
free use of the ].riiTiing knife, behnv the parts affect-
ed, can save the tree. The presence of the dlseaso
is often indicated the latter part of winter by discol-
oration and shrivelled appearance of the bark, which
may be stopped from going further, by the use of tho
knife before the ascending sap in the spring has be-
come mingled with that of the diseased parts, and
extended into the general circulation.

Any cause which suddenly cheeks or interferes
with the coiUimious growth and vigor of the pear
tree, tends to produce blight, and which, in other
trees might merely stunt the grovvth or produce somo
transient injury. AVe have knovrn a line lot of seed-
lings, in the seed bed, to turn black, and die off in a
few days from a sudden change of weather, and we
have ha«l blight to occur, owing, as we thought, to
being transidanted from a very rich soil to a poor
one, and vice versa. We have heard of its also oc-
curring from excessive and Injudicious pruning, and
from the premature dropping of the leaves in mid-
summer, owing to a long continued drought. Any
thing, as before observed, which affects the health
and vigor of the tree, is apt to manifest itself in the
form of what is called blight. The leaves turning

"■%")4^S^«i

^^\i:

</ii<.4

C0MM(\[C.\TfO\s.

Bt

•"Mbei,

black ,in,l th.p,vs.jncoof fun.u.i. wl,i,:l, hau- boc-n I

<:i7;w of a ,,revi,..,.l,. ,lisoaso,l .ondai,,,,, .,„,,„:; ';! I . '•^■"■'^^'-""» »•"".'.."«'.•.-.. to„vc„„„„.

c<„>.^oUt. Tlu, instincl „r insects, l,v ,. law „f „a.

turo, al,v„.v.s a.v loJ to nroy urum oven- kin.l „f .Hs-

eascd ordocajinu; animal and v.-iUaM,. liCo Tli'.

romcdy wH.avc to off, >• is ,.|,i,.l]y ;,y uav uf p.-oven'- ..„

!"'• ,^''' "'?,f' "' l'« ""I' '-"l-"il.'<l I.c.fo,v plant- lin,

At an inn.n.iiil m.H'tini; ,,f Poinolo^ri,., .,, ,
7^;l--in;;thc Into Fair of iho Ponns^lv^ ^ ^^
A,vn.„ltu:-:d Society, the .n<l.rsi,noa wo ,'^^^

roncior tho tree loss lial.Io to be aff^.to,] I.v .Iku... H ■ inf • ""■'.'' ' ''"''^ ^'' ^'''^•^) to

of tc,np<.raturo. Plant on I.i.h .n..,. .in. , ^ '^^ ^ ^^<>;--.l..at.on tho oxp.lien., of or,anii

due, ,,, a p.n.uun. ,.„ ,. .ii, ,,.,,,,,,, ! . ^ J _ ,.;:":::;:::;'';;:-• -• -i^-t.i . ,.;., .i,

wmtor .r eaHy spri„. A.l.pt tl.. plan of lo. i.^ads, : eounin' ^ c, i:" T '" :•'''''"" "'' ^'-

80 as to shade tl.o trunk or shield it ln,n. d ,. i,;„,; I ^"''''-^ ' ^- P' ^ ^'^^0 tho.e ul .i:aue ......n.

ous action of the sun's rays, hy straw ti,.! ...u,,.]

and above all, ke(.p the -roun.l oonslanII^ ,1.,;! I,,,!
Tlie pear tree soenis, constitution.':!! v, n..,, tender

than other fruit trees, an.l any thing to promote its

health and vi-,>rouH groM th, (we do n..t nmnn forced

and over luxuriant) will enable i. to r.p., Uie causes

usually producing blight. AVe believe our native
seedlings are less liable to it than foreign varieties
as is also the pear on quince, whieh is (,nc cause of
this mode of growing it increasing so rapidly in pub-
lic favor. We shall be cd.ligrd bv anv facts or ex-
periments on the subject of pear blii^Hit from our cor-
respondents, throwing any light on the cause or rem-
edy for tins great drawbaek to pear culture.]

Jii>b»'it !',ii:'>r^on.

''• K. !'Mil.-ni;iii, .M. h

!»;iiii ■! .Mil!,.,-. .!)•.,

Casper Jiiller,
Jacob 1). ( lar!)('r
A. M^\r^h'}]].
Th(mi i^ ]'. J, lines,
Jacob Coeklin,
Sani!i(l ]Mill(>r,
D. ^iimlreth,
Paschall .AI.,rris,
Jonatlian McWi'iiams,
AVin. (;. Warin<',

ri.il;.,i..!j,hi;,.

Cln'ster countv
CumbevJaii.l ,,•(».
'' nicaster county.
Lancaster county.
Chester CiHJiity.
PJiiladelphia.

York countv,
Lebanon cc>untv
Philadelphia.
Chester c(ninty.
Huntingdon co.
Centre county.
''■'i'!ad--1|.h;a.

^V. 1>. ]\inekle, M. D.,

a^^Agricuiuiral, Horticultural and other panrrs
interestrMl in t!,e promouon of Pomology, are respect-
fully re<pii\^ted to notice this call.

l>e('. 1. 1-Vj.

Cm. I Mm \, (),.f. .}^ ]^j2.
l^oiioii OK Tin: Farm .Ioiknal:

I tliiiik tlirr" ciii

For the Farm journal.

Mr. Editor : —

The sale of the imported cattle, by
the Scioto Company, eomes up to the Holland hilip
mani.i. wln^i 40()() giMers was paid f^r .,no lail!, h
app<.ir>. n Mr. R.anvk sj,.,,! s 1.;;:;.^ ,,, ;.„pn,vf his

Btockof cattle— asm;- Ii.,1,. s„„n.),„v a ,.. | ,•.,,,,, ,,-,111., , ' nuni^ nna- .■ m

with, that will maintain a wl.„i„ fanilvTI '' ^''^^'"'^''''^'^ ^'';^^ ^''•" -.v Ever,..,, .f y.nr Hart.-

portation of n)reign cattle !.. !.• v,'..,,' " .f lai. a ""'V;"-'-";l'""';;"^ ^^ ^'^'^ Taxus, Cana.b ,..;>, or

80urceofauunnurspecu]a,i,.n. ii !.. laken conside- ir' f '"•""' n:

rable money from farmer's pockets, without ^^'u^ ^ -closer,., on ,alln. exactly with tlie anpcaranec

Btantial benefit for it. My opinion is t , e ' Tr " ,"" """ '' ^""'"^ ^'" ''^^^"'^^^'"^^^

imported cattle have verv 'little, if any; impr d "\ ';' '''''''''': '" ''t'''''^ ^"^ ^'^ ^"-^^^^'^•
increased our stock of n;ilk and butt.': .r '■::t , ., J Z^^T '''' n"' ' ''''''''' '' ''' '''
the quality of meat. Of this latt.r ,ualny tl. 1 •or- ^^^ , "i; ' ""^'T' -'-s^about the size of a

■ - - ^ -^ l.ii-e uin.mt.nl an ..v,-.! -!,..,,.. 'laving a yweetihh

ham breed is very inferior t(» our own domestic Imv, ,1
which is a succulent, interlarded nnat wliil.« tliat
of the Durham is dry and coarse. I hope the col-
umns of your journal are open to a free discussion
that the pro and contra may sift out the merit (,f mv m,

assertion, or bring out such positive facts as uUi ., ^I'^T'^"^ ''^ -"^H^ ''^ ^'''''^^"^ ^^ ^^'^^'''"^^^' "='"
disprove it. . I w ':!! .1, IT "' '" ^^''' >.'■"'' ^'^"I^' ^''^'^ #074,42;].

ill "\;il .-.Map-
taste, and a slight Uavor of inrp-ntine.

Truly Yours,

S. U . MllFM.V.

ir. SlIUBERT.

Bethel, Berks co., November, 18o2.

ELEniANTs live for two hundred, three hundred,
and even four hundre<l years. A healthy full-grown
Elephant consumes 30 pounds of grain per day.

ilie amount of sales lor the uhole city of Boston,
the same year, was not less than one million dollars,
ihe amount of eggs sold during the sam^' v(>ar at
Quincy Hall Market, was l,ll2l»,7:]r, dozen, burinp;
the same year, the whole valu(; of eggs, consumed
and exported in France, is estimated at 57 million
do lars; the amount invested in poultry in the Uni-
ted States, .S12,17G,170; in Great Britain, «?50,000,-
000.

mi.]

An()iiTir)\ IV cows

Matem.a.ts ,.! tra^, iltTs and other persons eoo.pKt-nL
OHpeaktH.Lht.Mil.jr.f, its.wMnsthata.Mo,..Mi'. V

Ma.-k

n r',/;! f ■l"r.K.stl.at,.,|,,ar.. l,..s :„.,i|i,i,,||y

H>ot llH'kH,^.!,,,,, al.,rli„n, ..xr.ptasana.^Hl.n-
--tM,j,Monu,,,.,,,| tU..,,n.,,.antl.nnan^'^^^^^^^^^^
ltl,.a.f;l,,.x,,„s,.,| tu tin. apparent l,anl.l,i,,M an,l ,1 s-'
comfort „l a savaK. lif,., is v.-ry raray ., I,i,.,. t .^
;;■■•-" Wo.n..,Moo,inonro«.nan,io-,l„.,.,^ nti.H
m t ,0 lojy..r ranks „| .-ivili.e,! .so,.i,.,v, ar... on l.e
«1. .1-, ,nl„ut,;ly h-ss habl,- to abortion ,),a , those

From Journal <»f Ki«>mI AKricullural S<uit>ty, by J. IJarlow V y v-i
iiitiiirt^- V.-t.-riimry ('o!l<.-,.. "", ».o., i!.a

. ,r VI • . , , i»'»>^. I ; "., "".!'■'• 'I f^''"'iis mat anion. r ij,,. ..'.vt

AnoKTiov(troM. Aborior, to 1... barronlis th..(,>rM, ''^nls (d w.hl cattlo inhabitin.^ th. lu-,.^ • , ■
um\ to imply rxjuilsion of tin- eont.-nts of tin- g^a^i.i •''"'"f'-v ">' tl'o enntiotaits nl' the o!tl and'nrv ' h'i
utora.s ofuny annual bofon. the usual period of '^ ""lion is unknown. In t l.oso m.nuitain.a.-, d, tnct '
p.vstution is completed. J ins period, or tin. • in. -In "■ ">"• ''^^^ <"wn!rv wla.l, vv<. hav.' vis t.-.i ...

,H between (h. process of iVm'tful ..,„,.M...ti.n oi tin' '*"""""" ^' "' ' ' "-^^'M^^.t. -i, nm,v es-

fenide with ih-' nialo, and tin' a<-t ol natnra! partmi-
tion or hirth of tin' yning, diffrrs in dur;ition in va-
rious animals. In t!io cow the time of gestation is
cominnnly eonsidcr.'d to be fo.-ty W('<'k«^. Mu(di differ-
ence, however, is seen to exist in various cows; it is
no iinuMial eireumstancf; for some to exceed' this
period by one, two, or.even three weeks,and for (.thcrs
toCHlvt! t-'n (lays (.r a fortnight l^efbre its expiration-
all these variations being }.erferct]y consistent with'
Leiilth hi»th of mother an<l voun"

\f -r ■ • .1 7' . r' ,"■ "" '^ ''""■^ 'liiun; 10 aoortion than tho^o

M. Icsn-r ni a roport founded on forty years' nh- ' "^ tjie.r se.x who participate fully in the lux -iU nJ
..rv.tio,,. a.id presented to the K,.val Acadeniv .d l^'-^'^H-i'-^l refinenn.nts of life. These facts an of .n"
ims, says that nilJ.;i, cows which he (d.seried, "/f-n-st, and, as we shall presently fin.i altho i.;
tho lon...st pernHl of gestat.on was 1121 davs, or for- ^'""V 'J'> '-t prove what the Vauses of ah.;. ... ,^'
tj-Ml weeks w.thni one .|ay; that out of .^77 individ- A"^ "" the other l.an.l, they instructively show wl.. t

<-•! ^j/'Ht value in medical evidence) that while „nc
'•la^s of annuals ,s exemjit from the operation (d' the
< .ui^es in o !i»'>;t 1. iti \\ i\ jnesf" cTnopf f. '' ' '

-us,, act, and an' tt. be f;>,.nd^n special iau^^^^^

^v thsome p-euliar conditions under whieh the affeel-

'■d arnmals are placed. ^'•

In every season, and mid. T every variety of cjr
cumstance, there are occasional eas.-s of ah.a-tion met
^vithnipartnular stocks of eows; lau if there be a

continn..dreenrn.n,.e,d' this year alt, ,• ^,.a^ i,. ,1,.'

'•'"'" i''=»'"'\^\.'^' •.'"''■'I'P'ly. "iten tlio case,)ue
'".ty g-n.-rally hnd it c..nn..ct...l uith sorne local
rause. A cow winch has cast Ict calf one s.-as.^i,
1^ v.ry lil^tdydothesa.nein the pn-gnancy or year
succeeding if ,.e^,.,-al cow. aneoig a sto.-k have cast
n.sarlyar the san... tnn.., and if, ..n again hco^-min-
l>regnant, t!i..y are alh.w.'.l to r-anain together and in
'• 'liipany with ..th-'r pivgnant eows, it verv -.aieral-
lyliapp.'nsfhat for the nn.M part tliev not .^nTy al.'rc
again loit m..n,' ..1 tinar (■ninpani<.n.; a-lvaneed to a-

uals no trw<r than L'o caKvd Ix.'yond the L'D.Sth day
an.l tiiat ill." >li..rt.>>t peri.nl was 210 davs Kari
Sponcer. in til.- '-d.Mn-nal of the Ibiva.l A .r;.;',',.if.jl,ji
.Society ut i.ngiana l.-r I^IVJ, considers th<- avernr',.
period of gestation, as notic-d i,. 7i; 1 individual co'w.
to l,cLS4 or LNo days; but l^lU ealved after tln^ 285tli'
dav, three went to the 30(;th day, and .»ne to the
•> oth. A cow pregnant with a male calf is more
hkply to exceed the -jo weeks than she is with a fe-
me. Urn IS shown m Earl Spencer's observations-
lieloum that amonir calves born between the L'DDth
au'l oOOth day. ihe,-,. wa. a pn-p.-nderanee of male^'
intlieprnportiunof 7} mah's t.. :;l> females, [t ha.
boon fuun.l ,n the Innnan f.anale, as uella.in th.-
cuw thut tie. period _.d' the first gestation is fre.p.ent-
J horter m dnrati.n than <ub<e,pn'iif .an-s This'
probaUy depem^^^^ th, ut-ru. .d" a v-aing fenia
no he.ng adapVd f„r that amount of exp:rnsi.ai of
V"--iMtisren.hr...lcapahh'bv n'peaf.l pn'.r,.anev
alvcsbornbefhrothe!'n.lo.i,,J.,v.nthmar^^*'

dum survive ev.a. if I v, " f •;':'" ''""y ■^''i- .^•^■■;- ■" ".' •"';' ^ ""'f^'''''''^. aivaneed to a-

rablo r' o ,' i , /". ''^'"'' "'"'^ '^ '" ^"^^''''^V desi- i ^'\"^t th.,' same jM-rio.! of gestati.ni, will slip <ailf like-
h ei i; r-^^'"''''^ '\'^ ^^' '-^-'^ l^^'^-- thel'ud of: --^e Next year, if no precautions are ak ..at.
«!!•■:, V ' '' ''"""' ^^''^^^^"'^'^'^ ''^n'l diminutive ^.'''-^ become worse; and in a few seasons m.,re a

J ';;; r t,,,„, comparatively valueless. ti-n. to a d..strncti^•e and uncoutrolhihle extent'is tin;

'Vln're this state of things has ex-
ler, it i> not an uncommon eir-
;it th.' farmer will entertain the
nr.ns n-ar.ling its causes and
ii"ari>of pre\,airion. he will nail
doors ol' liis co^v Idus...; |, ,,,.,.

, ^, , ''' «'*^''it ceremony, aid under

r, tlie observanee of mvM.Tioii. incantations; keep m ats
I ' among his -\nr]<, or m.t alb.w his c.,ws to tak." bull
fronnvhirii .," \"''^ '^^^"^ \>oinro. the g,^rm or ovum, ""'•'"•^ under a fa\ ..rah!.' "sii:,, ,,i the mon,,.' y man
'''0-<'f it norm'.. ''!'''"."''''''''•'' i-foianM.l.ha. assinm-a; ^^'lio has obsepv ..j a disea-." makin- yoarlv a st.a.'lv
"•^^•^andcell i • ^^''^'■''^'^^''*'''=^'''^ •^'"" 'f issomi- '^"'^^estrnctiN. pr..grc<s am..j.g In^ 'ca:;|.'. wl,,. n..;,
^^•1^ to tho mil '^1 ''^ -structure as to be har.lly observ- 1 ^''' ''^'^^'P^'^ ^ ^^i>'P;l<' eftective iTTecauti.ai u hnl, ..a.'uee
^h^- embryo or fi 7''* ,. "^^-^^ ^^^'' ^'^^'' V^'"'''' ^^■'"'" i '''''^ '*'"''^ ^*''^''"" ^"^^^'^'^f to prevent i(> extension is
^'^'•clyreeo-mL 1 '*'"''»^^^'»tary animal outline, is i J**'^^ ^'"' P«^s^" to fall a victim to dangerous,and even
^n'ntniayl;Ja/'"7-.^''^' contents .d" the uterus, t^up^^rstitious ideas.

7"''nsof theV.eHI 1 Z'','^^''' vanousm.anlM'rsand Aborti(m occurs among animals ..fall a.-es ami
V-V"^nt. 1, 1 'i " '". •'^^-■""."•j ''.^•"'<' l'"i-f-'-t tlio.i,::!, s.an.tinc . nmst eoinniwi in tl.^-,. Mv'o'o'aia

^^^C'Zlrft ''^" "^"^ ^^^" l'^--'^ ^^^ ^^^y P-riodof I t?>^^ obse
I'.tb week r/ ^ ^^onimon between the '.'th nnd ' '^'"''"^ '

^'•••nnvhich fi ?'^^ ''^"^"^ ^'•^'"''^ ^^"' -''''''' '''' "^"••>' ""'*''■' ''

''"y<'f ittJ'" '""''■" ••^"""=^1 i^bM•mM.l. ha. assumed; ^^'^'O has

J 'M'<^rinanent (di.ar..r.fn,.o i ..a. . -. • . ,i.wl /in.f

i,i,;[;['|-'.;nns the first si.u,..,.,

iiale, il'this expulsion j the first time, it i- on (h.. wh-.I..,
n weeks of gestation, mong cows which have had two o

armer's Magazine," ?ol. iii. p." I5G.) Ci,ws, whioh

274

AliORTI(L\ IN COWS.

Hrr

EifBRll

for monthH together have repeatedly failod to con-
ceive, although they have been reguhirly in hoat and
have had connection with the m ah', are very liuble to
abortion on conception takin;^ plac(s

When a cow has tak<Mi tin; bull, and conception

Before every act of abortion, and at whaicvf r pe-
riod it occurs, except, perhaps, boforo tlio tiiir.] ^f
fourth week oi g<'Htation, there Ih a di.S(.'hiir;re of
brown glairy fluid and mucuH from the organH ot gen-
eration. If the enil)ryo about to be expelled \)ft vepy

follows, the tcstruni, or heat, soon passes away, and . small, this discharge may be so limited in qiumtity
she settle? down, t<.) manifest no return of sexual ap- | as entirely to escape ordinary notice, and on that ;k*.

petite during pregnancy. Some striking extM'}>tions
to this rule, are, huvN-cvcr, found, for we hav(i known
cows, although in calf, display a desire for the male.
The calves of som(^ of tin; ujore ]»rimitive ])reeds
of cattle in this and other countries, ar(\ at birth,
small in size when compared with some of those
borne by our '"iniprored" animals. The milk yielded
by the native breeds, such as those inhabiting high
land districts in this kingdom, is comparatively small
in quantity, but rich in ((uality. These cows gener-
ally pass through the periods of gestation and partu-
rition with immunity from many (lis(>ases to which
higher-bred animals are during such times especially
liable, and for the most part bring forth their young
without that mechanical assistance which we are in
the habit of affor<ling to the slu)rt-horn(ui cattle. It
has, however, been found that, in order to keep pace
with the interests of tin; age, in a commercial, eccm-
omical, an 1 scientific point of view, the ingenuity of
man miglit be protitahiy turned lo what is called tin;
improvement of breeds of cattle. The objects aim-
ed at in effecting this end are, by judi(;ious admix-
ture of animals, to produce such stock as, combining
excellence of external form with milking and feeding
properties,8hall be most valuable for the reiiuirements
of mankind. Any animal that is readily domesticat-
ed, and a<lapts itself to what may be called artificial

count it 18 highly important to be accpiaintod with
the appearances which it presents. At firnt it jj
brown in colour, and of sufiiciently thick consistfnce
to hang in slimy strings from the vulva. Aft»;rwar<ig
in consecjuence of containing a «piantity of blood, and
possibly li(jUor amnii, it becomes thinner and n.'dder
in colour. Tlu; discharge is caused by a broach of
the; natural connections l)etween the ftjetal m«!mbrane«
and uterus, in onsequence of which the fluid con-
tents of these organs, after escaping into the uterine
cavity, are thence expelled. During pregnancy, al-
most all cows have other occasional discharf^os from
the organs of generation, which must be distinguish-
ed from that just mentioned, inasmuch as their aft-
pearances are perfectly consistent with health. Thu
consist of a thick, roI()url(,s>f, frtmsjinrcnt, and almost
iiUfilorous secretion, sometimes very copiously su^
plied by certain parts of the vagina and uterus in
the vicinity of the os uteri, and by their consistence
and tenacity assist lu reiainiiig tiie ur^au ui u cKwtj
condition.

If the cow about to cast calf be in pasture, she
may seek to be alone, but on the whole she is not so
secluded in her habits as when at the full time of
gestation. Cows in the same stock will also smell
at her, as though some peculiar odor attracted their
notice. If advanced five or six months

in ;j;e8tatioD,

modes of life, is, in the course of years, under the j ^]^^.J.^. [^ ^ sudden and slight enlargement of the ud

hands of man, made subject to important mo<lifications
<tf external form, accompanie<l by intrinsic constitu-
tional changes. The cow affords an instructive il-
lu8trati(m of this fact; and while we can but confess
that some diseases eft'ect our improved cattle, which
?<eldom occur among intligenous breeds, yet we must
also admit the great national advantage of that prac-
tical application of the science oi breeding, which
has produced our choice animals of the present day.

Symptoms of Abortion.

If abortion take place in the early weeks of preg-
nancy, it is but rarely that any symptoms are observ-
ed which foretell its occurrence. The speedy return
of txjstrum, how^ever, soon makes the farmer aware
that the contents of the uterus have been expelled.
It is an interesting fact, and one worthy of attention,

tliat the sooner abortion occurs after conception, , , i » .nrUin

the sooner also does o\strum succeed the abor- ues, and increases in <iuantity, we may ^>^''^^_^,
tion. In some cases the two conilitions appear to go to-
gether: and we shall often find, on observation, that

der; and if she be yi(ddiiig milk at the time, it will
be yellower in colour and great'-r in (quantity than
before. The external organs of generation become
enlarged and loose in appearance, the ligament*
which connect the sacrum (rump i)one) with the
bones on each side (ischia) are relaxed, but nut near-
ly to the same extent as before healthy parturitiin.
In young animals pregnant for the first time, and a-
bout to abort, none of the foregoing symptoms (except
the discharge) are HO plainly seen; in fact they are
seldom detected by those in ordinary attendance on
cattle. Hemorrhage, (or copious flooding of blood,)
although so frequent and dangerous a precursor of a-
bortion in the human being, is not common in cat-
tle. .
The al)0ve symptoms may require afewdaysior
their development, or they may be prolonged over a
week or more; but if the ]>eculiar discharge conim-

the periods of abortion correspond pretty closely wdth
what would be the periods of recurring heat if the
animal were not pregnant. Thus a cow will often a-
l)ort at the end of the third, sixth, ninth, twelfth
week, and so on; but except from accidental causes,
she does not so frequently abort in the intermediate
periods.

If abortion take place within two or three months
of the natural period of gestation, it is denoted by
iymptoms which, although modified, resemble those
indicating ordinary parturition. If it occur before
the expiratii»n of the third month, the system of the
cow will not suffer much derangement; but if it hap-
pen at such an advanced stage of gestation as the
■ixth or Beventh month, it-is productive of serious in-
jury, and frequently of great danger to the constitu-
tion and even life of the parent.

that abortion is at hand. The immfMliato approac.
of the event is shown bv the animal beconiingeTi-
dentlv, uneasy, by her shifting from place to place,
resting alternately on one hind foot and then the oi
er, twisting the tail, lying down and sp.'cdily rl^Inf
arching the back and strainiui:, quickened hreatiin?-
and acceh.Tated circulation. Th- symptoms an-ipr-
cess of abortion generally occuj.y less V"^^^"u[,i
tract less notice than those accompanying nea .

parturition. . , . - -^

When abortion is caused by mechanical injur^^|
such as blows, strains in leaping, concussion i
ning, and so forth, the fcetus is suddenly P;^*^^'**'- ^
the neck of the uteras and vagina, an<f r^ <

there several days. During this P<^''''\* ' ^7raiDini
ihe early part of it, the cow is contiuuall} e^r ^^
and suffers a great amount of irritative te\e ^^^
some instances part of the foetus, as its heao, ^^
or legs, will protrude from the vulva througno

I

1R52.1

ABouTiox i\ rows.

whole time, and become so lirnily compact. (1 in the
outer passage^ as to withstand any reasonable amount
nf mere pulling fbrce employed to extract it. In

27.')

i(ctus or the organs containing it. A cow forln-
stances, wlneh has been severely g<,red by another

t|u..e cas'es the life (,f the fietusluis in all probability j 0^^*11*: ',; I'', '' '"T." ^^'""'"- '"• '<''M'i"g violently,

|„.en suddenly destroyed,and the uetrus has contrac- si e ' ,., ul ^''"'' T "''T' ''-"''''^''^'^ ^'^ ^^•'»i<'^l

t,.d to exp.d what has become a cmparatively foreign the mLl: / 'r .\''"7^' '' 7'''^' ^"^'''*' ^'l ''^^^ ^'^If, and

lK»dy, before the external passages have become suf-

tiL'ieiitly dilated to allow its free expulsion.
It abortion takf^ place during the early weeks of

p\^-tatioii, the fletal meml<ranes ((tomnionly calh'fl

<l.ii[iv.irigs, ) not having formed a firm c(»nne<.'ti(»n with

flic iiteru«<, are usually expelled along with the fuotus.

ill the inaj(»rity of cases occurring at more advanced

p.-riods, the cleansing is not expelled; this is partly

ewing to its firm attachment to the uterus, and part-
ly to its (»wn want of development and deficiency of

/i.'iilthy tone in tin; uterus to effect its evacuati(m.

This retenti<»n is often productive of much distress

.md injury to the cow, and as decompositicm com-

fierice'* in the membranes on their separation from

the fictus, they ar<' the contiHued source of a most

offensive od-'ur and discharge.
Th<'re are cases in which all these premonitory

symptoms are seen, hut, instead of being followed

by abortion, there is a gradual arrest (d' the dis.diarLn

. ... y on/Mij tiim iiiinu'^L iiiip(;rc(7>tli»iy

diminishes in size, the (luantity of milk is notleisen-
od. the general health of the animal continues good,
nnd after a ti/ne even shows a disposition to fatten;
It will also he observed that she is never in heat, and'

t\ .,. , ' • ^" J »i<i>»M- tu ( asL call unit
l.« n..,re „u ,t sl„. !,,. „„„.,. ,„„„„„ ,,,,^.,^„ \<- ^^^

t t paunch In ^a-. v,.ry lr..,,iM..,(lv nlins I,,.,- ..■■If

Lot ,;.M,n,...t>„„s, t. su.-h an cxt.nt a. to ,lovLJ Z

n alK,rl,„„s ..ons,.,,,,,.,,, „„ blows, th« injury b'omc'
tauos ,nfl,.t,.a «. d.rectlj upon the fa-tui aJ o 'Ze

ts nmn,.d.at.,. .i-ath; i„ abortion <.m,,., .n .Zn
l.""v,. th. ,l,«t,.,„l,.l .,on.a,-h ha, so f„ ciUyZ"
[..■.■ss,.,I the ut.Tns a,„l it. contents l;y .Iriv „i^ .. "
;-";' "- I";lv.o eavitv or o.herc,,n«traiL Qm an
to hr,,.;,^ ahout the san.e result. Th,.se .necmniV al
causes are mostly aeci.Jen.al or the result of car, Iss
"•■ss on the part of those having, chargo ,,f , a tie
-.Ion the whole, the „,.n,l,er of cows^ effec t

til' i.reuUent upiuiun ;;„.,, ,, merca.

the belly of the_co«8hnvij an,, amiost nnpercept.My „,,e„r l,rn or a r}niflrt>ZTl J/'T' '' TTI>
diminishes in size, the ouantitv of milk is nothMsen- ,.„;.... /;. .' .• ^ •' '"^^ '.« " ■'''"'''' '•«■'< tkfir

J J, . ^ "' • ' "* "' '^i"r/\, rase fafLr

'a .«, t/,. ranges o,w. of an o.ri.lrnf,,/ a,ul .n.rhan.-
uil rl„m<-l,.r in the hun.an (emale nh^eration of the
08 uteri IS a frequent cause of ahortion. So far as wo
know, however, re-anliti^ tl... cow, this has n„t a«

.hiatho ext.Tnal organs of veneration bocon.,' s.i 1 y be na^";,3v sIL!' ''■. T' "''^ ''•^" '""■ <^'
and (irni. ll..ie, ,ieath <,f tlir' fo'tus has tak-n r,I-iee I ,u', ?T ?■'!'"'■''.'""'> - ' »" ^> I"' a conunon cause,
buti,sex,u,|sl„n has been pre ente.n.olik,'); ' ! ^.V ,'^ 'im... possible that, from the ,li(fi,.ul,;

^van. of sufficient dilation of th uteri em. clrr U ' 't"uT^t^ makinj^an examination in the part
-l.'fi.i.:»-.v o, tone in the ut,.rus it^dll We U:^J if t^'r^pi^e^ '""''''■""'"'■'' '"^

...wii iMs.anees of this kind, in which the fetus has 1 "i , ..,„.■,./■ r, r , ,
li.-n r.-tain,.,! fr..,n filtcn to eifrhteen months after' , ^.'""''"■^ "'"■^''.'"'"'""'^■'''"'•'"■/'■'•.--In ,ome ycarg
the parent had ..onneetion with the male, and was i 'T T n ''''*^ *> 'T'''''!''"''', '" ^'''"^ *'' '^''"'-■''i''"''. «l-
'■"'•■■' •■':-" ... ''!'"""''.''"'>■ '"'■K"'ai-ly take thi! bull at every recur-

only detected m the uterus when the cow was slaugh-
tered, :ifter being fattene-h The f.x^tus, iinder the«e
-ireumstances, ,s s,, much altered in external annear-
Hi.ce,asto present little resemblance t(, its natural
form,and its internal structures lK>c(,me converted into

de 'nuir''Tr "V''' ^•^"^'"^'"ly possessing but lit-
' men. rhes-e .dianges appear to be natural nr(»-
isions made to effect such an alteration in the dead

muH as Will a.low it^ retention in the uterus with the

. , '^ [. :' ,^ . "•" «»'i ' >«-iv recur-

ring period of heat during the season. If fhese do
not depend oii sextual impotency of the bull thev
must be c<.nsidere(l as cases of ab(»rtion. In the e-
vent of their being dependant on sextual inefficienev
in the mahs uwill be found that all, ornearly all the
covys having connextion with him fail to ciinceive
and other cows in the same neighborhood, and probal
bly in the same stock, who have taken another bull
are n.»t effected in the same manner. If from a-

!,.„„. • V,. ., I, ..Muu UI um; uterus witri ttie

•v. I inconvenience and injury to the constituti.m of I i , — ' "" "• ^', i«w"i a-

- parent. I„ some other in.Lnces wl'rthrprl hIm^V'" " "K'T ^'"''"^^ '"'^^"^ *" "'« ^-"^

'""m ory sym,,to,ns .,f abortion are not folio wcf bv ' f '"""""['•'^ '•"tieeption taken place, and a-

'Pusion, there will be a recurrence ef e m , a n" ' T '"' T'' "^ '•""'•.'■P'i"") '^ ""en In others, a«

'-fstraniinj: for weeks, and even m ,nt sTcom- :,"■" ''^ T'^T ^"■'"'^■""K ^" "'" expiration of the

l'«'.-l lo- a <-ontin„e,l dischar.^e of va,! •;,!;.;"", '""'^? ^"''.':'^-^. ^-''-'■'(•"'■"l t'. connection, it is fair to in-

ti.inu.rJ 1 .. • ..." "* ' "^ " iiiouLii^, iiecum-

ion e'^^.e'^y-r'.':"''''"'^!;'"-'-''- '''•.^--.-"^ --'--'•

iwrtions ,,( .1 "';^'^';'"^'>b- contains f,ctal b.mcs.or

fmndin 'he*,'""""'"';''''' ''"'•''■''• ''•■'"« •'^"metimes
haX „ ti "" ^'='"fe''"<^^i''S "'« '■•"v^- after she

V-AUSES OP AaORTIO.V.

^"-lin tj, '*'"" '""' '".'l'"0- i..t., their operation.

proposo >T.l •'. fi"V''''''^'' ""■'■' <'"nsid<;rati<.n, wo
I P'"'0 t« consider them under three he;uls:_

^"'W.' .0/<,c/, art dircclhj u,,o,i llu- f,.:t„^, i,.

ir.
III.

fnrmij^anct, or the nfrru.<; i/srff.
^uu.'ics of a ranstitutwualrhararfrr
^au^esu'hirh, int(naiaiHg the ^y,tem or a part
I. Cau.;i ^V'^'^t'^f^^-origh It upmilhc uterus.

'^' m.^Tnart h/ ''"f *^^r(/-The8e may also for

'''^^g. JihJo^'^''Tf'''^ mechanical causes, con-

^' ^ tUey chiefly do, in injuries inflicted on the

ler that that the fault does doe.s n(»t lie with the male
It IS a singular fa.'t that some few bull.s,in cows whVh
conceive by them, beget twins, and in other cows fail
to produce any offspring. Some bulls will ho very
prolihc <me season, and seem almost dcHtituteof pnt
creating power the m^^t although, to all appearance,
the sextual appetite is as energetic as formerly
Some males are not good slo<'k-getters,in consequeney
of the too gr<'at numb.>r of rows tlo-y are ref|iiired to
serve. The above facts sh(»w tliat the male seed or
scmm vanes in its e(mditions in the same animals, as
well as it does it diiferent animals, and that all easeg
of apparent early ab(»rtion do not depend on sexual
(h'ficiency in the female. In cases, however, where
it is known that the males are in themselves pr.dific
the oestrum will still cimtinue to recur in females
having connection with them. This is frequently
seen in hot and very dry summer weather, and at>-
pears in some way connected with it. It must be re-
membered that at the period of ccstrura, there is an
increased quantity of blood determined to the ova

270

Ar.ouTiox IN rows roMPO^T.

^^f-'PUi;!!;

I

ries, uterus, and, as is visibly soon, to the vap^inn,
and \)y the iiirunal in hoat rauiMin^ ulxnit, or y)ro))a-
bly rearing on othor cowh, the oxcitjii)lity ot tlioHO
parts is so additionally increa^^od as to rxri-ciso on
the male seed an inHuonce unfavorable to conception.
The nnilo, too, in many instances in very hut >v(':ith-
or, for various rcjvsons, is scxutilly Ifss competent
than at some other times. Tlie icnmh* sexual a])po-
tite is most perfect and most re<:ular in its periods of
return during!; the months of spr'm^j; and earlier part
of Huninier; these neasons seem to i'a\(>r its develop-
ment, and it fretjuently happens that <'(iws wliicdi eal\ e
in autunui or winter do not take l)\ill until the ToUow- j
in;^ spriii<!:. _ _ ^^ ^ |

Wiiat is called "hi^h breeding" also seems to in-
duc(i such a state of constitution in animals, as in :
course of tinii^ to pr<'dispose them to abortion. One
wf ihi; most eminent breeders of short-horns in iScot- 1
hunl inliirms Mr. Ciimintr, a vt^terinary surgeon re-
sidintr in this vieinitv, that when he h;is <:ot a section
of his stock brou;:ht to a hiij;h ])itch of perfeetion as ^
regards fec«lin;i; or milkiuLi; ]>roperties. the animals i
are almost sure t(» eeast^ breeding;, either l>y not tak-t
ing the bull at all, or by abortiuLT. mo^t commonly i
by the twi) C(Uiditions (M)mbined, lb; adds, also, that
the best preventative he has found, is to work the an- 1
imals in plows {< harrows like oxen, this is a very
instructive fact, and S(H'ms, so far as it ^'oes. to eon-
firm the o])inion that when the art of breedin<^ has j
been pushed to sueh a suec"ssl'iil extent as to produce j
animals of ^r«nit ]»erlection, nature seems to set lim- ;
its to their further propaj^^ation. Subjeetini; animals
to labor, as above stated, may act favorahly on the
procreative powers by operatinir as a kind of tax or
counterforce on the extremely aitilieial stat(i of con-
stitution induced bv hiu:h breiMJin;;. It is alwavs ea-
sier to breed from inferior animals oi' all kinds, than
from those of a superior class, and their ]>erioils of
f];estatiou,as wdl as of ]»arturiti(;n.;Lre ]>assed throuirh
with less dauj^er to UMther and oifsprini: than is the
case in those more hi;j;hly bred, 'j'hus, we not \infre-
quently see a very }>erfeet eow, or a iuiml»t'i' of cows,
put to an equally perfect bull, and are disa])pointed
to tind that pri^^nancy does not iollow. In sueh cas-
es, as these certain "7>oe///.v" and 'Vy//^i/t7<V.v," as th»\v
are tt^rnr^l. already (»xist in such a state of perfection
ill tilt' male and female, that sexual connection fails
to eiisiirt* any further advance; nature can do no
more, and then^ must be limits somewh(*re. In rela-
tion with the system of hit^h breeding; we must re-
member that various collat^'ral circumstances are to
be considered, which materially influence tin* consti-
tution of the male and preL;'nant female. Tht'se ani-
mals, for instance, are most lii,L:;hly f-d fVnm hirth,
arc carefully and warmly housed, and have every at-
tention bestowed \Yhich can favor their ra|)id and
perfect maturity; they are dcsceiubMl from ancestry !
which for ^generations has been 0(jually W( 11 attcuided I
to. and which was all exi'idlent stock in its day; in i
fact, they have, as it were, Ix'on »j;i'adually ap]>roa(di-,
ing limits beyond which art cannot further comman(fl
the resources of nature. If, however, cows smdi iiM
just named are put to inftu'ior or ceniparativtdy ''ill- 1
bred^ ^ huWSf they will lor the most part conceive, and
the perfect male animal will be^et stock in cows nuudi
inferior in ''blood.'' WiM animals very rarely aburt
or fail to conceive; not bavin;:; heen suhjected to the
same modifyino; influences which artificial interfer-
ence entails, they maintain a uniform stan<lard con-
sistent with those capabilities of ]>ri)paji;at)ion which
have never been forced ]>eyond the natural or ori^^inal
conditions of their constituiion.

A cow (and especially a young one)which lias cast

lit

0

her calf once, isvory likely t** do the sam*' a-mn ,,
usually at about the sane' period of gestation, l,
such an extent does this liability exist, that .s(inio^r.
imals abort for many times successively, and f-ycl
without any apparent cau.-e ))eyond that wliidi, ^^
common observer, app<-ar^ to depend on //^/A,/ j
tn(^ human female this ].<'riodical (^r rep.atfff rI^,^,
tion is also very usual, and most difficult to evf^rcome
Jt seems owing to a peculiar disposition in 'litutoru«
to (evacuate its contents, when, in con8e(jUf'nce of
their developmont. they have produc^'d an iununuhjf
distension ba_)(in<l wliiidi the organ containint^ tli*>ni
has be»>n unaccustoine<l to ext<'nd. Thus it in thai
cows liaving carried several calves to the full perl,,}
(d gestation, although afterwards siihjectf'd tu ahnr-
tion, are less liable to become habituated thorctothan
are young animals whi(di cju^t their first calves. In
the latter case the uterus never has expaiuhd t
full cajfability; and second, pregnancy is dispos,.,! j
em])ty itsidf at about tin* same period, and umltTthe
same amonnt of stimulous as it did )>etore.

[to he rONTIMEJ). 1

Compost Heaps,

From TJir Miclti'inn Farmer we collate: ''TIiptiI-
ue of yard manure d(>pends upon two cnriditions;

Ivf tie' loMTiTTi-r in win. -It jt iM in'olo fitui T*fcw^jrr,i<)

and 2d, the statt.' in \\hi(di it is applied to the soil."

(t shouhl be born<> in mind that the ino>t valuii'le
proportions of the manure of barnyards ciins.-.>n{
the gasses that are at all tiuK^s liable to CM-ape into
tiie atmo-^phere, and of salts which are washed away
with every rain. So that af\er it \va< laid oxpu.oedin
the yard half a year, a large }>art of its eiiriohing
qualities are gone. In th»' best agricultnral districts
cellars are constructed undtT the stables with trap
doors into whicdi all the litter is thrown and all thf
li((ui<l manure runs mixing with alternate layersof
miud<, or swamp earth.

"Tlu' following analysis sliows tlie superior value
e»f sheltered manure over that exposed in yards.

Sheltered manure. Yard manure.

1

I

i,n;

-,o«

10,07
5,42
4,2S

o,o;^

2,00

71,00

4.W

1,8*:

2,19
0,26
0.(^

Water,

Xitrogenized matter, yielding
aiumonia, 1<>*I parts dried.

Salt soluble in water, contain-
ing organic ami inorganic
matt(T,

Organic nnittor.

Inorganic,

IMiosphoric acid,

Alkalies, potash and soda, .

and adds, here is the advantages of scientific a^rrKU'-

ture it tells the Avhole story at a glance.

lb ]>refers shelters or sheds constructed in a cheap
styh^ and if even covered with straw and the fiJJ^
])()arded; manure may be preserved in thoin ''|'
years but a<lvises in tins as in all tliin-^ ^^1'^^;'
worth doing at all is worth doing W(dl, and \^ ^'
(dieapest in the end.

"Thoy should adjoin the slables, that tin' ma"";
miudit be easily wlie.drd into them with barro)^-
and a ])latform will need to be erected on eaofi si ^
restiuL^ upon arms morticed into the postf, W
which to whe.d the contents .d the ^^=i^'^*'- ' '^"^^f,;.
tribute from end to end (d' tli.^ buildin-r. '^'- ' .
should ever enter this building except in the K' ;
urine, nnl.-^ it shouldl.e found necessnrv ^oniem _
to reduce the temperature of the maimiv 'j^'^rP^-^^i.;
water. If the soil is dry within tl
be shoveled up and mixed with
stables. AVith the addition of a
sionally, this makes a powerful
6hed is" to be deposited all the roug

1852.]

COMPOST— STOCK,

277

nittV be loimd uhmit the farm. >-ucli as refuse slravs

,i

to|

un<i corn f^talks not used for h.-nding, weeds, pot:ito
iH. tnrf or sods, leaves whenever tle'y can be con

more lime should be added until it is brought into a
state fit for use. It should he turned over'^as bef .re

K'l'''' ,, r ' 1 r 1 .11 r' 1 ; '■■■ I ^^'^^''*^' <'very other day fur ten days, and tion mixed

,,,,d mlo he foo, Is of plan s, should be care ully at the rate of four hu,4els to the conb This p ,
husbanded, to add to u^ pro.luce of the farm. Prop- ^ven by Prof i\ W. dohnson. and it is found t. he
,r attention o this is he very starting post m good I the most economical an.l profitahe mode of prey.u'in.:
farmuig, and will enable a farmer to nearly doulde ; cold, organic matters, fbr applicati<.n to soils "L },„"
the average quantity of fiis crops per acre, with the Artizan. "

fianie amount ^4' lahor as before given. ,

PniLAiu-.i.niiA, Aug. 2:>d, 1852.

Mk. Editou

Ij(piu} }f<(uvrcs.~'V\\\ii part consisting mostly of
the urine oi' cattle and horses, is, by fanners gener-
ftllv allewid t(. run to waste, being considere(i hut of ; t i, .,,.,, r ..,.1 i- »• , • ,

little acc'unt. In Man<lers, when^ are found the ' „,,. ,1 /• . , , ,. ,

he^ffarm.Tsintheworld, theurineof a cow is con- ! ^ '"' manure greatly henehtted hy slacking it
^id. n"d worth !?10 a year, so highly is it esteemed. ' ^^'^'^ ^''^'^^ water, and then sprtjad upon the ground in
If is fi.uiid tint there is voided by a cow in a year tl><' usual way. I hav<? never seen an arti.de written

1 ■'■ • "'^- '•^' "»''"^' ''^ "^^''^y -^^^^^ ^^^'' i« «'>li'^ i"''^f- <'M this subject; but still it may not he a new i<lea with

nn-^. As you said y(.u would like coinniunications on
any f)rm, I therefore take the liherty (.f sendin'Mhis
whudi, if y(.u think worth a place in your djurnal
you are welcume to it.

I remain in haste,
Your truly,

l". •' • • ....... , ,, . ........ , i.y.', 11. nwil\* mill-

ter, b>" ure:i. asubstan^;e yielding a large quantity
of aiiiiieniia, and 2,')0 ammonia, ijolnisfou.) 'The
urine ef the cow has been analyzed in several States
by Sprfngfd, with the fdlowing results in 1,00(1 pjirts:

llippuric tt lactic acid;
Carbonic acid,
Putash,

.Sulphiirit' acid,

(^hlurine,

Ma<;nefiia,

920,2 Urea,
0,1 Mucus,
2,1 Ammonia,
0,0 S(jda,

4,0 Phosphoric acid,
2,7 Lime,
0,4 Silica,

400,00

2,(10

'^ 1

0,0
0,7
0,0

W. 11.

The great ndvantage (»f slacking lini" with salt wa-
t<'r, sp(d<eu ,,f ;iho\(', is no new thing. Salt consists

..^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ j-| ^ I of chlorine and soda, and is deconij»osed hy the lime,

Aluiunia, oxide of iron and oxide of manganesa, 0,1 I ^'^^'^"« ^^®^ ^ ^^^^ ^^'''^" ^''>"ipounds, carbonate of soda

„ ,, . , ' ' 1^"'^ chloride of lime. The carbonate of soda ;hus

Here tlien, every farmer who keeps a cow or an f,»ri>.oJ i.,.. 1^.. c 1 «•

.1 ' 1 • ,' , "" lormeti has iieeri h)und very efncaciou< in sodsi 'i-

ox, can havea manun> e((ual m value to thehestofi, ,. , . ^ » m^.vciou. in sous a

theniiKh lauded guano, if he will only take the "" "'^ "^"' " ^'^^'''^'^^'^*' '"'^^^'''■'^^'^'^'■^' '^ <^'""^^'"<'*^
preper steps to preserve it from waste; and estimate(l ^^'oh ami renders solnhl" for the use of plunt^, and
uttliMvalu^'of guanr., ^vould be worth, if the whole also in the speedy <h'C,omp(,sition of inert vetretahle

substances, su(di as leaves, corn stalks, itc.

c^iul i !,-• s.ived, :^2() a year

It being evident that the urine of animals is quite
as valii.ihb' a^ the solid excrements, the n \xt stej) is I ~

to preserve it from wa<te. Something must be used | Don't lOxpose your Stork.

runte'\ll^'!'^ ^t^ '' '" ^^^V^^'^-n. For this! Liehlg, the <listingui>hed (ierman ClcTiist asserts,
ma 1 .; 1^: .) ''''^'•"^'', ""'"'^ /^^' '"":'^ ^''^^"^ i ^^'^^^ "^^^^ ^''''^'''^'^^ ^-^ ^" »"' considered nearly in the

vend Til " A'"' Tl"! ^^^T^ndence. In truth, light of an equivalent for a certain amount (d' food."
usel , n r r; '.^ •''':; V'" ^'"''''^^ •' ^' ^"^ ^'^ ^^^ situations where the body is kept warm and
d 1 / u ; ''^' ^*"\^^''' ^''•^^''' ^^''^'^' ^" be ; comfortahle by the protection oY suitable garments,

te tit i . 'nV7? ''/'•''' ^'' ^t\ '''^•"" "['''" ^"'^ ^'"'^ ^^'^^ '^^-"^=^"'1 ^<'''- ^••<"J' ''^ ^"'•^^''' to sustain the natural
are urn el -^ I "T' ^'r'" "'^''^ '"*^' ''^'''^' functions of the system, uill he less than where the
t lurn . a hy (Icposits fnmi the annual overflow of pr(»tecti..n is scanty, or hut ill adapted to subserve

a ninntl rT""^ J ^ • '*' "T^ 't^^7 ''" exposure of the purpose for whndi it is designed. Now, this el-
uiuek P- r* 1 '^ ^'''''^'^ ^'*' ''''^^"' ^'' ^'''^ ^"''"^^ servation applies with 110 le.s f.-rce t<. the mana-e-

thantn.l" Z ^'>'*<>n't^'»" '•< -'quid manures, ment of .luniestic animals, than to the imina-einent

hoH^4er '''V /'''"" "^^ '"^'^ '''•'''^^- '1''^^^^^' 5-^ of ourselves and our chihlren. A cow, loreed to
mv'be 1^^ ^"'^'' *T-'''r '''''*''^'^^>' ^*"' t''''^- Muck; stand expose<l to tin- weather in inclement seasons,
Miinde r '-^''"H><'«^J;d in f^^mr to six weeks, hy a very 1 to repose on the c(dd ground, <.r a harn (.r hovel where
^r'-lifroi"'fr\-i ^^ ^'^ "^'^ bushels of (piick lime, the piendng blasts iiave free access, necessarily r(v-
^roport'i' n j. ''^'; ^"*^ **"'' bush(d of salt, or in this quires a far larger am<»unt of fo..d than on(> carefully
i"ie witl t w''*'\'' ^^^^' ^'^^t ^'^ ^^'^^t'''* '^^"1 ^l''^'^l^ t'"' sheltered and provided with a comfortable stall and
erdavfor t \ thoroughly, turning in every oth- ; bed. The dillerence in the amount (.f food con^iim-
deposital " ""' ''"''^'" *^'''^^ "'^ •^"^"' ^u<i^ and ed by animals treate.j in the difb-rent styles above
^pntiklilj.r^'^^H"^?-'' ^^'^' ground, and give a good ; indicat.Ml. has been demoiistrate(l hy actual and re-
'^>»'l an nl^' *'^ the lime ; then another lay<T (»f muck, ' peated exjierinuMits. to he from twintv-nine to (Uie
bil .bvu,/^'",''^^-^'' .''■^^'^ ^'"^^'•^"'^^'* <'"• A power- hundred per Ci'ut, in fiv^.r (d the latter ! liut this
f'»ur woek'^'^-f'^'"" ^^''^ *^''"" ^'"sue. After three or ; is not all. I^Kposiire torpifies and .'masculates the
you will l"^ ^ ^"'^-^ "'^'^ ^" ^*^' ''^'^^^^'^'^^'^i over, wlwn system, and ojietisihe (l()(.r f.r the introdu<tir.n (d
"^ill n„j |''^|^ '^. ^'"**' ^•^'■^'■•^ I">^^<'rub^nt mass, which : many a fearful disease. An animal habitually (>x-
^iire, but" II •'""^^* ^'"' ^'M^id porti(ms of the ma- | posed to cold, usually falls away. If acow,**'she
'^^'StimnoV Y ^ f^'^^ '"' ^^'^ source of some of the shrinks her milk," it an ox, he wi'll experience a loss
served not^tl^" "^ <»f plants. Care must be ob- : of vivacity, and hec(»me stupid and inert, and hut fee-

dissolve the }|^^ "^^''*^ water than is necessary to ' bly prepared to answer too exorbitant drafts made

^•"^uantitv T ^^ ^^^ ^'"^^ ^^^^ "^^ ^^^^ "P ^ ''^^^' I "P**" ^^'^ muscular powers under the yoke. ''A mer-
J. in case too much water is applied, ciful man is merciful to his beastj^-^'armcriS: ^/7/>a7i.

I

^' t"? .

27«

MEAT CU'ITKK T('KMJ>S, KTO— AUTTFirMT, FPOVT*?

"■-wmiOT.wwwiii wt-^

Decj

»««1^

p ATI-: NT ms:at ci tti:h.

The nhoTo U a prr^poctiv^ vlow of n macliino fnr

CUttlM;; lilcit tor ^aiis:i;j;rs, ilivt'lltrd },v 'riioin;is Vaii-

donsher. of Viiih y For^o, Clicstor roinity, Pa., ;iii(l

for which a patent was jrrantod un the Mh oi" May,
1851. lb J,

The claim is for the mode of adjusting i)ip cutters
by means wt the a<r)u>iin;: j.lates. Tlii.s meat cutter
is a very simpl.' («n.\ aiid it is not liaM(Mo ^^t out of
onh^r. All the parts can hr niadc strong, so as to
eii-iiirt' for a l(.ii;r tiiiic. It is Wi.rthv of the atten-

lurnips, Carrots, lUc. Their Inori^aiiic Composi-

lion.
Accordinn^ to the analysiy of Professor Way, a crop
of 20 tons ot hulhs or ro.^t-i. an<l 1 tons of h>avi\s ol
turnips, n>an;j:;old ^vurt/rll, ami carrots, will resjx'c-
tivcly withdraw from the soil, or, in common [)ar-
lanc«\ to exhaust it, to the extent here s<'t forth, viz:

Turnips. Man^^old Carrots.

lh!4.

50

1)0

14

110

33

urtz(d.

Ihs.

lbs

21

?:.)

oo

57

21

P.)7

20

\\\\\

1:M

70

103

ir>o

85

l^hosphoric acid,
Sulj^huric acid,
liime,
Maixin^sia,
Potasli,

iSoda,

Chlor. of Sodium (salt) 57

From the ahovt\ it may ho seen that turnips, man-
fi;old wurt/.rl and carrots, remove from the soil similar
inorL]:;anic constituents, and in not dissimilar ]>ropor-
tions to those r(Njuired ).y the potato, as descrilxMi in
our present numhor. It may also be (d)served that
potash, phosphoric acid and lime, in the proportions
to form super-phosphate of lim(>, sidfthuric !ici<l, in
about the proportion used in the Improved Siiper-
])hosphate of liime, to \\\ the volatile alkali, and so-
da and chlorine, as they exist in c )mmon salt, are
the j]jreat loading re<|uirements : and f )r these crops,
ammonia in the form of a sulpluite, seems entirely
sutficient in soils but moderately charged with or-
ganic mntter, provided the inorganic constituents,
named above, be present in the proper proportions
and C(mditiona. This will show the chemical agri-
culturist why a thousand bushels of Kuta Baga tur-

tioii of those en;::;a,']^ed in the business of

niincmg

m<\its, vegetables, &c., and for private families it is
also a conniiendablc machine; it will save a f^reat de»I
<y'i long and arduous labor to those families whu m
no other macliini^ than a common mincing knife.

More inlorination a)>out the sale of rights, Ac, maj
be obtained by h^ter. addressed t> Mr. VaniVrslice,
at his residence in Pennsylvania.

This Machine can also be obtained at tho Ag-
ricultural Warehouse in this borouirh.

nips, or nearly an equal m<'asure of carrots, mtjbe
raised from an acre sup|)lied with Improved Supe^
{)hosphate of Lime, not exceinling in cost five dollars;
whih^ similar rosults would not b»» attainable from
tln^ use of six limes tiiat amount of barnyard manure
alone, without increased (juantities of phusuhurii
acid, sulphuric acid, and potash. — ]Vorking Farm.-

Artificial Stone Fnmts on Houses.

A great number of houses an? now built vrilb
coarse brick fronts, which afterwards receive two or
three coats of hoi lei 1 oil, and are then coY(m^l with
a coat of p'H'uliar mastic cement, which is cnmfx^seu.
w(> are told, mostly of dried sand, some boiled oil
some red lead, and a little plaster of Paris. Thi»
cemt^nt resembles moist sand when put on, but it
stitrks w(dl, tmd in a short time becomes as harda*
friH^stoni", which it greatly resem])les. This plaster
is streak(Hl oif in blocks, and a building so covered
looks like one built of hard brown poiisixHl freestone.
Wo have heard objections made to such huildm?^'
))ut not (.ne by a person who had taste and cxperienf*
in arehitecture. This cement does not scaleon:'
endures and forms a tho&iJgh coating of artifici*
stone. The only objection worthy of note, urp _
against them, that we have heard, is this — "altera,
they are not so good as brick buildings, whit'" 8^
no shams;" these words, wo have remarked, for iK
appeared in print in a daily paper in our citj, ^
the objection urged against tho artificial stone tron^^
can be as strongly urged against the P^'"]'?^ ^
any building. Paint is put on to preserye and w*
tify, and so is tho artificial stone cement.— i^'*^"

I

i »

19.S2.1

CATTLE SALK.

279

.Mr. \ ail's 1 attle Sale.

The public sale of Mr. Vail's tine herd of Durham
eattlc, took place at his farm near Troy, on the 1 Uh
Jh^l month. Though tht; attendance was not birge,

40. Kirklcavington 2n(l, 1 yvir, O. Slate, dun.,
Esq., N. Y., :?;',H().

41. Kirklcavington .jrd, calf, Mr. Calkins, Ma dl-
8on CO., N. Y., $220.

42. American Comet 2nd, 1 year, Oapt. A. Root,

a;;e(:

the bidding was more spiritnl, and the prices aver- 42. Am
ftired much higlu^r than at any })rcvious sale ever held j ^^hio, ^liiO.

4.'). Amf^rlcan Comet 3rd, calf, P. Lathrop, Esq.,
Mass., $125.

4 1. Prince of Wales, I yi^ar, Harry Ingersoll,
Es.|., riiiTa., :?'.>5,

intlie Suito, as will l>e seen by tin; annexed list:

1. Y'arrn Lass, 3^ years, Messrs. lleber Sc Co.,

Ohio, $h7U.

2. Yorkshire Countess, 2] years, do. do., $'>S0.
3 Yerkshire Countess 2nd, calf, (Japt. A. Ivoot,

Ohio. $;ur).

4. llilpa ist, 12 years, Messrs. Ueber & Co., Ohio,

$32(1.
T). Hilpa 2nd, 4 years, Gen. Geo. Cadwallader,

riiira., $2r)(».

n. lliljta ;'.rd, 2 years, do. do. $300.

7. Ililj.a r)th, calf, Capt. A. Root, Ohio, $2»')0.

8 bulv Harrington 5th, 4 years, Gen. Geo. ('ad-

Wiilladrr/rhira., $320

45. I'rince of Wales 2nd, 1 y(;ar, Mr. Bullock, Al-
banv CO., :?50,

40. Mount Hope, 1 year, Linus Rlrdseye, Esq.,
Conn.. $'.).!.

47. Lir Arthur, not K(d(l.

4S. Earl l*i«!rc(;y, not sold.

4VI. Prince Albert, 3 years, Mr.W. Pcc.k,N. Y'.,$155.

5i). Dairymen, calf, fl. Parsons, Es(p, Canada, $150.

51. Red Rover, not sold.

52. Trafalgar, calf, H. Morris, Esq., Westchester,

0. bad V liirrincrton 7th, 1 year, H.tt R. M.AYatts, ^V."o, , T» o it \r • r i ^tc

w J, ('■ ,..,,j.^ <^'^40 ! '*'*• i>bii>ch Hose, .) years, H. Moms, hsq., do., $7o.

' l(i.'lbittcri'up'2.id,5years, Mr. O'llarra, Madi- i ''^ *• ^'^li!^'''^' ^'^ years, \Y. R. Gast.m, Esq., Now
V V 4^^i\(\ 1 Jersey, S/ ;>.

ion CO., J>. 1 ., C-'"'- rr " I 1 ^ ^ , 11

Iseye, Esq., Conn., $75.

■I'll V v., i '.••,', — r r I 111 .11

11. liettv, 7 vcars, (^en. Cadwallader, Phil., $150. •;;• ;'^^»*l<'r(hile, no sc. Id.

12. lictty 2nd, 4 years, Mr. D. A. Baker, Ohio, ! ^L'" Ir^'l:,^ ^"'^''' *^- ^I'V^
m^ J ' .7 ' » 'j 5/. May IK.wer, not sold.

l.l' Bcttv 3rd, 3 years, calf, Gen. Geo. Cadwallader,' ''^^; Butter Cup 3rd, calf, Mr. O'Hara, Madison

p, •]._ ^-•- " ' CO., !*.)0.

1 1 ' u Vm,.,.'r>,. i'>,'«ar.a T <i Ti.jf, r. Vf Ci""; •^>'^- Eil'i'^k 4th, Calf, Gcu. Geo. Cadwallader, Phil-

14. ISclltiowor, I. J years, l. i*), lialton, V t., o/o. . i i • ^r-.

T I o 1 vi*^ \t ir I) n 1 aoelnnia, .>.>0.

lo. Laura 2n 1, ,>h years, Mr. 11. Parsons, Canada, .,,; ,, . , ,,, ,, , ,, ,, ,,

•lor^ o't. hncliant(»r, call, Peter Kcese, Esq., Essex,

10. Laura .'Ird, calf, Richard 11. Dulany, Esq , " '., "' ': * , ,^ ,, j n i^ ^ i>i -i

tr .1 c ,,i \ einn * ''!• ^"' Waiter, calf, H;irrv Ingersr)!!, hsq., Phila-

tc *i w .1 \ (210A ' ' "1- '^^"" *» iuicr, can, iiiirrv iniiersoii, riSQ.

Itrom tlic oouth, bP"b i i i • c? >/> « r. ' i

1<. Cherry, 7 years, >V m. K. Gaston, hs((., Aew / .,, » i ^i t h i o.i ii t

J i2;l(i'o '^ ' '1' It will be seen by the above, that 32 cows and heif-

iQ V\i '.-11 '> 1 r TO r AX- *. ^rs, avera(red$2(»l.()2^ each, $f).430

i ». LFtherviUe ..d, I) years, L. bpencer, Ls(i., \\ est- l>- i 1 1 •/ i " i*ion oti i o^r

M.o^ tor \ Y ^t\H) -^ ^ '1' i Eight heifer calves averaged $120. 37*, 1,03,»

vii'~o.i,*'.i., '.."'I''. /"x ii 111)11 irr

One three year old Bull, 155

1,315
725

10 L' »i "ii i.i o nr iy \ e n ynir tiireir veiir on; nun,

i.> h^tht'rvilh.' 4th, 2 years, Messrs. Reber it Co=, ..• i- i n i com km

Ohio S^ln') ^ix yearling bulls averag<Ml !51il'.>. 10.^,

'^n u';i) ,. -M r „ „ n ci *. T -c x^ v Six bull calves averaged $120.83,

J'. \V iiicy < t!i, o years, O. Mate, dun. Esq., N. Y., n -* >

5200.

'oi' ■i\':n..„ OiU o r^ /-. n i o i i AveraiTC of the 53 sold, Sl^<2.C4,

rhiKa., SlOU

22. Lady Ann, 2 years, H. Parsons, Esq., Canada,
$130. ^ ^

-',]. Weldham, Cth, 2 years, lion. Adam Ferguson,

Canada, $275.

1 w.iL.^ QfU o r< n n 1 n 1 Average of the 53 S(dd, ?1^<2.C4, $*J,(>GO

1. Uillcy.sth, 2 years. Gen. Geo. ( adwalladcr, '^ » . >

[With the view of keeping tln^ farmers and breed-
ers of our own State posted up with respect to tlm
owners of high-bred stock, and as a matter of rofcr-
ence hereafter in tracing pedigrees; we extract from
24. Eunice 4th, 4 years, Mr. D. A. Baker, Ohio, ! the Cultivator the account of Vail's cattle sale, near
^ ").• . I Troy, with pric(^s and names of purchasers. It

I'liil'u $120 ^"'"^ ^'''*''' "'"■'"''^' ^"S'^"""'*^"^-U-'ll"l'n seen that «ov,.ral of tl.om an. now owned in

do !^00 "^^''" ''^^'" State, The hint thrown out in one of the

$»)'). reports of our State Exhibition, that there should he
a State Hen Book, is w(dl witrthy of attention. With-
out an official register is made and k<q)t of thorough
bred stock and their issue, there is constant danger
of imposition. Those g<Mitleman who have shown
their liberality in ])uridiasing pure bloods, at high
prices, an^ especially interested in this, and to prevent

20. Aurora 2nd,, 0 years, do.

27. Aurora ;')rd, 4 years, Giles Pioult. . .

28. Aurora 5lh, calf, Rii hard H. Dulanv, Esq.,
(South,) $80.

20. Cherry 3rd, 0 years, Giles Boult, Ohio, S75.
•jO. Cherry 4th, 1 year, Capt. A. Root, Ohio, !?75.

31 Cherry 5th, calf, I. Spencer, Westchester, N.

V. $110. ^

oL. SnowV)all, 3 years, ^^)t sold.

33. Blossom passed not sold

■!.». Hl.ssam 2u,I, e'alf, (Jon.' Goo. Cadw-allador, ^™'l-< '«•!";,' pal.n.'d ufT un.l.r fUl.,. n.|,ro«.ntatm..«.
1 I'd <i.. ?')r). The present high prices of Durham stock are a great

temptation to this, and it should not be forgotten that
the only safety of purcha-ers is in a well-autluuiticta-
ted pedigree, running b;ick through a line of am^estry
sufficiently long to confirm tlu; blood. Many <>f our
grade animals ar(! beautiful in figur , oflfm erpial to
the thorough bred, but there is no rortaiaty in their
issue, and they cannot be relied upon for breeding.]

•'^•'j. LilaekSrd, 4 years, Or Slate, Jun., E.sq., N

''^^- i-'dla, 4years, Mr. Giles Boult, Ohio, S120.

37. BcUiluwer 3d, calf, Linus Birdseye, Conn.,

38. Salley. not sold.

39. Earl Dcrbyr, i year, Messrs. Reber & Co., Ohio,

♦•->io.

28<^

rrj zr: (Tams ntiANO.

f)r,

McliK.ti ul Curiii;r Prize II;ums.

p-whes

The fullo\vin;j^ roccipe for curing prizo luimR, after
the manner practised m Maryland an(i Vir;;inia, has
been puMisljcd iH'fore. It in Heasona)>le a^raj,,.' jm,!
itH usefuhicss will commend it to those interestrd in
the kind of knowledge it imparts.

T. K. Hamuleton's Uecii'e, 1st ruFMii M. -To ev-
ery lUO pounds pork, take 8 pounds of ii. A. salt, li
ounces saltpetre, l2 lbs. brown sugar, U ounces 'of
potash, and 4 gallons of water. Mix th.^il„,s,>, and
p(mr the brine over the meat, after it has laid in tli.-
tub some two days. Let the hams ivjnun kjx wcrks
in brine, and then be dried several days before ^m..k-
ing. \ have generally had tlh- uvut rul.ixMl w/h
tine salt wh-n it is packed down. The meat should
be perheily .•(.(.! |M-I<.r,> }»aeking.

J. Ulew's Klc ii'K, LIm> riiKMirM.— Tn loo pounds
pork, take half a bu^h,.! and half a p.'ek nf salt, o
l)>Mm Is nf ^altp.'tre, ;; pounds su-ar. an. I l2 <,uarts
molas.ses. Mix— rah th.' l.aeon with it well; keep
on fnr thr.'o weeks in all; but at the er.d of oino days
take out th.- hams, and jxit tlmse which were at the
to{> in th.> l).>ltoin.

Iw. llu.K.kE, Ju.'s Recipe, ^rd Pkkmum.— Ono
bu.^h.I hue salt, half bushrl grouiel alum salt, on.-
and a half pounds saltprtr.> to to the thousand pounds
pork, left to lie in pickle four weeks, hung up and
Fmoked with hicki^ry wood until th.- una i,ecomes
a dark brown.

C. 1). SL1N..F I ff's lU;«n>K, dth PiiKMUM— T.» ion
pounds green hams, take ?< pounds ground allnmsalt,
2 pounds brown sugar, or molasses (•■|uivah'nt 'J
ounces saltpetre, 2 ounces pearlash, 4 gallons water ;
dissolve well, skimming olf the scum arising on the
surface. Pack the hnms compactly in a tight vessel
or cask, rubbing the fleshy part with line salt. Jn a
day or two pom- the above' pickle (►ver the meat, tak-
ing care to keep it covered .Tith the piekle. In' f,.ur
or sixweoks, according to the size and weight of the
hams, (that is to say, the longer peri(Ml f.a- heavv
liams,) hang up to sin-.ke, hwk up, smoking with
green hickory wood. 1 hav(^ put up hams iT.r th-
last twelve or fifteen years bv th. above recip(\ with
uniform success, eiiu il at alftimes to the sample now
presented.

Tv) the ab( vo wo a.M the f )llowing, wdiieh we, as
well as many ot'iers, hav.^ very satisfa.'torilv proved :

I-'or every lOO pounds of meat, take 5 pints of good
m.dasses, ^or T) p.)unds of brown sugar,) o ounces
biiltpetre, and S pounds rock salt; a.ld o gallons of
Avat(>r, and b .il the iii'j:redi(Mits over a g.ntl(! fire,

which we have tried, and believe to bo th(j b^i^r
all, and is quite a common method in Chester count^
\^y it all the juices and virtues of the ham are suved'
none absorbed, by the pickle : '

Lay the hams on a plain board, and as an avora!>«
quantify, ]»ut which may be increased or lessened
according to size, rub in w,dl, and sj.read on thesur-
face one pint fin.^ allum salt, luvl one toa-spounfuj
saltpetre. Nothing more will ],e nMjuin;.! tliantobt
til' in lay till time to smoke, whi.di will be in gij ^^
♦Mght weeks, and hang up with slianke end down
if the salt should be absorbed, some more may i^^
rubb'*d on.

Srwimnnng ..ff the froth <.r seum as

It rises,

(\)ntin-

ue the boiling until the salt. Sec, is di^^olve.l. jfave
the hams nicely cut an.l Irimm'd. p.i.-ked in casks
with the shank end down, as the pickle will thus
strike in better. When the pickle, prepanjdas above.
is cooled to blo.td heat, pour it over (h.» hams. They
may lie in pieklefrom two to six \\eeks, aecordin"- to
the size of the pieces ..rih.' stat.' of the weather, im»re
time being re(piired in ct)ld than in warm weather.
Beef or mutton ham% intended for smoking an ! (Irv-
ing, may be cured according to this mod?, an.l will
be found excellent.

Much of the goodness of hams . I. spends on smok-
ing. They should be hung at such a disfanc*^ fn.m
the fire as not to be heated. They should also be hung
up with the shank end downward, as this will pre-
vent the escape of their juices by dropping. .Sinall
hamw, wanted for iuimediate use, will answer with
two weeks' smoking, but larger ones, and those want-
ed for keeping, should be smoked four weeks or more.

In addition to the above, wo add the following,

Tiie liObos Islands and Cuaiio.

The fallowing from "Dickens' Household Words,"
• 'clipses all previous estimates we have seen iist^j
the amount of (Juano at the Lobos Islands. ^Vji-.th.
or correct or not there is at least no imm.Mliato dan:-
er ..f the su).ply running short. Our own diffu-ulii,
with Peru as to her right to the Islands, wlii,-li w^^
<piestione(l bv tJK' late secretarv of State, liavo Kooq
all settled, and her title definitely aekn.'wied.'rd. h
is probajjh^ tlie price of (Juano, will bo abuut tk-
same as heretofore.

"Th(^ three Islands lie nearly due north and south
the breadth of the passage between them being about
a mile in one instance, and two miles in the other,
The south island is as yet untouched, and from a vis-
it I paid it, I shouldsuppose it to contain nioro puano
than is found in (^ither .d" the oth.-rs. The mi. idle is-
land, at wbi{di w(» trad(>d, has been moderat(dv work-
! <'d, but the greatest (piantity oi' (luano is taken
j fr((m the n(trth island. In their general f a-nuiti 'H
the islands are alike. They all rise-, on th.^ sile
n 'xt the main land, in a per})endieular wall of ruck;
: from the edge of the pr'cipiee, the guano then slopes
. upwards to the centre of each island, wlier(» a pin-
naele of rock rises above the surface; from this point
it descends to the sea }»y a gentle (h^divity, the guanu
continuing to within a few feet of tlni wat(;r. Kach
j Island has, at a distance, the appearance of atlatten-
I ed cone, })ut they have all Ix^en originally broken into
' rocky hills and valleys. The deposits of guano hav-
I ing gradually filled uj) the valleys, and risen abovi
the rocks, tlw^ cuttings of the guano diggers varj
j from a depth of eighty or a hundred feet, t.) merely
' a few in(dH\s,

"The guano is r(>gularly stratified; the loWtT strata
are solidified by tin' weight of the upper, and have
acquireil a dark red coh)r, whi(di IxMJoines graduallj
lighter towards the surface. On the surface it hiw a

whitev-brown liirht crust, vei'v well baked bv the sun;
.•* •• *■. 1*11

it is a crust containing eggs; being com|)lettdy n*'Q'

eycoml)e(l by the birds, which scratch deep, "Mi'jne
holes in it to serve as nests, wherein egg^, ."^tluoio
more than two to each nest; are deposited, Inese
holes often running into each other, f »rm long ^ftH^
ries with several entrances, .and this mining s v. stem is
so elaborately carried out, that you can scarcely pii>
a foot on any ])art of the Islands without sinking to
the knee.

''Though the Islands are not large— their averft|^<?
cinnimferance being about two miles — the accumula^
tion of guano is almost incredible. Calculations M
to the probable quantity must, on account of the va-
rying depths of the deposits, be very uncertain.

WOKK roK TIIK MONTH AhhRKSS.

281

ronnnih< 1" making an average of tiie depiii, and d.>-
dijcting therefrom a rough estimate that the three
gniall Islands alone contain upwards of two hundred
and fifty niilli<»ns of tons (d pure guano, whi.h. at
the rate of supjdy >\hi(di has be<»n going on duriiiL:
jIjp jjtst five or six years, woul.l requin- about oie'
humlred and ei^-hty years lor r.'?iiovah and at its Kn-
cliph value — whi«'li, aft(^r dedueiin^' tV.i-ht. is alx.ut
jCo per ton — wouM be worth twedve hundred ami lif
tv millions sterling. This is .'x.du^ive of vast (piaii-
titios which have been used by the l'eru\ians theni-
iclvcs;''

^VOHIv FOR Tin: MONTH.

m*miw'mm ■

■rwaHiPw«rw laiff

Farm.

I'.'fere ground is too frozen, and while teams are in
bett'T ('<)ioliti.>n than they will be next Spring, jilow
and Mil M^d, « .•'ptcially en be a^y hinds, the fhdds
fif reming ( reps (d e<irii; attend to sto«d< in barn-
j.irl: provide slieijs for shel'o-r; fodd.T judiciously
with straw, e.irn-fo.Mer, ami (.eeasi.m.all v hav; nr
niem

remaiiimL' branches, instead <d' being distributed
through tr-e and lost.

l''I()\vor Ciardcn.

Th.' principa work f tr gard.ii in this month, will
be cleaning up borders and decayed plants aiel weeds,
renewing walks, tieing up to stakes ami protecding
half hardy plants an.l shrubs, liunning r.»ses should
be secur.ol lirmly to their stakes or tndlisses, to pre-
serve them !Vom b.dug broken by storms. Chroinatrd-
las, Solf'atares ami smdi like, not perfectlv hardv,
should b.' w.dl e.tvere.l with straw or eedar bou'dis.
Teas ami other dwarf varieties may be protected
with c"dar iMaighs tied together at top. Mulch well
all rosfvs and plants with short manure. Tic up juni-
p)ers and other bush.'S with straggling branches.

Persons wishing early blooming plants in spring,
mav keep them throu_r'i winter in cold frame. Di"*
out a hole a fo.)t deej» of si/(; re(piired, and fit in a

.... . , , . box, shqiing to the south if jMissible, two feet d(Mq) at

ibcring It is ei-ier to /:rrj, them in a thriving , , i iv • i • /• i i i r

... hack, and l^ melies m fr.ait, l)ank uf) (^irth from

(rendition, than to ;/,/ them inN> it. ( 'ows and vouu'^ n . i i .. * -i ii \ \ r i i • i .

. . I ^^^^ hole (jn outside, and lav a bed uf(!. )al ashes m l).>t-

iri>il(Mri!iu-(.llTi.»oii'>fpd stables*

Pt/)ok slionhl be ^^ "'
and supplied with a few earrotsjteets.or turnips ea.di
day; use the ear. I fr. .piently. IIa\i' v»ater alwavs at
hand, and two or three lumps of rock salt in vard
for stock at pleasure to lick. Hconomise havaml straw
by use of straw-cutter. Corn fodder siioiiM also
bo cut, before feeding, and if no steamer is at hand.
ampty the tough end of the stalks, or buts, which will
p.iorally be refused )>y the cattle, into a large hogs
head, into whieh p.iur b.'iling water, and e.)ver the
top. Afr. r h.'ieg sofnaieJ by this process feed, with a
little bran or m.al sprinkled ov(>r. Have manure, as it
gathers in barn yard, e.dl.^.-t.'.l un.hu- ii rou;_di she.l in
centre of yar.l. I'l-ovide some soil, or mu(>k from

tom, to make drainage ana prevent ingios oi v\orms.
Cover with sash, ami protect in severe weather with
straw mats aiel shutt.Ts. \'erberias, Primrose, I'oly-
anthus, Pansies, Petunias, A'., will keep nie(dv in
this wav, and bloom earlv. Forward annuals in
pots by ]')lacing tlean in trame early in spring.

See that plards in win<lows are not killed with
watering. The o/iii/ nih' f )r this is appearance of
Soil in j>.)ts, water only when it appears drv. Ke(q)
th.an near light and turn roun<l occasional! v. The
lartherplantsare fromliiiht ;rive the less water, tdian^io
water in hyacinth glasses, every week or ten .l.iys.

\ g<'tal)l (hardens*

Attend to dir.'etions f>f last month. Finish cov-

Bwamps, which mix tlirough it as heaps is firming,

aji 1 giv.. ..ccasionally a sprinkh; of plaster. Prevent \ '^™'^ ^^■'^'' '^^^=^'^' "'' '''^^'■^*' everything that needs pro-
tection. (N)mmenc<' composting manures, so as to
pr.'piire them for spring us<'. Attend to arranging
and securing all such sc(.'ds as will be re<juired for
spring planting.

drauiage passing (df, by collecting li.piid in a pit at
on." en.l, v.hiidi sh.iuld oc<'asionally be pumpr-.l up,

aud Iiolire.l

•r watered over the surfiee. Manure
sa\tMl in thi- way is worth at least fmrfold more in
PhriiiL'. than where it is seatter(Ml ov v yard, and ex-

po.sed to weather, (\dleet an-l leai^e carefully all ^

tools and finnin.r i,fr.,-.^;io n .^ i-v, *i r i • ' We, the undersijine.i, Hrew.Ts and Malters of the

<--'^^i» .uiu Kit ming utensils. Open the nmuths of drains ... ' '^

Address to the l<'armers of I'ennNylvanla.

and dit(dies. Avoid turning st..(dv into j.asture fi.d.ls

City and County of Philadelphia, embrace the pres-

in soft Weather. S.jcure c.irn cribs from mice. Haul fu- ! sideratinn of theFarmersof Pennsvlvania, in regard
el WiU'ngr.iundis fr.tzen. Civ(^ identy of litter, either ^" ^'*^' demand that exists f)r Barley, thereby hoping
Straw or k-a.-'s from wo.uls, to all stock, cattle, hors-

ent apportunity (A^ offering a f'W facts for the con-
sideration of theFarmersof Pennsvlvania, in regard
to the (bunand that exists f)r Barley, thereby hoping
that their attention may be direct.ul t.) its cultivation.
gg j I Within the countv of Phihuhdjdiia, there is annu-

.^ »eep, ami swine. For the latter b.dl small pota- .^\\y consumed fir 'th.' purposes of Brewing, about

^"^ punijikins, and any r.diise vegetables. \ six Innuhrd thousand lnisi,r!.< <>f liarlry, supplied

I''riiit Orchard. I ^i*om the State of New York, whitdi has sold in Al-

Attend to general <lirections <.f last m.mth. Bank ''=^">' '^' ^''''"'''^ '^^"l"'^' ^''^ P''^^^ three years at^an
CD thn <...r.i 1 , ^. . . • avera„n' price of from s(rrnli/-fivc in junrhj cmts per

i,; ^^^, ''•/'' ''"''''''^ y^^''' ^>''''"^ t'» ^^^V *'f^ ">'<'''-^ '^'^^ j bushel, which, by comparison With the prices (,f oth-
■inure, or guano when ground is not froz.-n. Take I or grains within the (!.)rresponding peri.id, has yi(d<l-
Q'lvantage of open weather, to })re|)arc for spring ! ed a mmdi larger profit to the cultivator. 'I'ln; de-
planting, by deep plowing and subsoiling. Where »"''}'^'^ '', continually increasing About erpial quan-

° titles of the two an.l tour-rowed are used, and the so

called spring barley is much preferred to the winter
grain for the purpose of Malting.

The State of New York now produces an annual

e object of pruning in young trees is to promote
^owth, now is the proper time. The amount of f jod
coUected by roots through winter is thus confined to

., —

282

ADDRESS- noilTIOlILTTRAL SOPFFTY REPORTS.

Be

CBX

ave^aJrecropofab()ut/^^o,;,^//,wt//lv'A,^m/m7Mo?^?a;l^ Sheen's Nose' Van divor W~?7f . .. . ^

Wt./., wluch meets with r.ady purchasers durin;,. S Wm iT u^^^^^ m , '.' ^"; ^'^^^r
the months of September, Ootoh or aii.I November i WM/.n^^^i^^^^ n.tldMn, Ilu hhanlson s \on.Such
but the farmers there, continuing, to sow .seed jT N •', '^;7'^'^>c''';""' -'i^'^ •> >'arn.ti.s Mnk„o^

eaeh year of the previous crop orPth. sam. and th. ' Hn.u 'iarsv I rT>;r>;^ '^'''"^^ 'i^ '' '^•^^•
quality of the .rmin i« .lohorw^MM.,. fi.:. :., ..r L . , "1*'"' V ' J,^'^^''*^"^ Morecau, Lo (\,r... ]]'

DArnnbort;, Rleekers' Meadow, Winf-r \,.li. i
Reurro DiM ; Mrs. U. V. I>.nnyp;u.k.r, iiphu, fT^

quality of the ^rain is deterioVatini;: this is of ^reat
importance both to tli" raiser and consumor, as the
heaviest, bri«rhtest, and cleanest Barley always ccni-
m inds the best price and readiest aalo in th.' mirk.'t.
The present time is conceived to be a favorahl.; one
for the introduction of its culture in our own State,
and its becomini^ a staple articde in ..iir market!
whereby the sum office huu Irrd /honsawi ilnlhns, or
more, now annually transniitt.Ml l,v the Rn'w.o-s <.f
this city of \-w Vork, would b(; elijoved by tlie a«-
nciilturalists of our own State.

bella (Jrapes of delicious flavoV ; L. \\ iloor),.^ v n
wator apples, v.ry fino ; P. Morris & Co., ( Vjerv'n
(^lulifiow.Ts, iSsp.M-ini.'ns of (Mirysanthonuims anH
a_bo(|U.>t: al5o several varictios oj J>]:ints in hLm
viz: Ens(dna Syrin;c'»'fl'»ra Arborea, (\u.h("i PI.,,
a, i{.'jr(»nia J- usdnoidcs, (Miinose Primr.K.M 1),'
bl.- lilu" \'iol.'ts, Lechnaultia Ponnosa, Ardisi'if"""
nulata, Erica Moditerranca ; Josiah ll'x.pos vixrot.
bh's, viz: Caulitlowers, (^dorv, Tomatoes Carn.t!

^^

The <'ntire a<laptation of th(» climate and soil nf I P.,^..;. , ^ i t h " ' i- ;i "•',' ' ""•"^^'"■■^. ^ Hrn,t«.

.TCMsi,,;- ,l.m.:uvl in this oitv as w,.ll as tli,. oi , : , ' ' '"•^- , V ""}« "[ ""''"t^' t'l^-Stat,.,! Me.,.

boring on,.s of N,.„- V,„k -ana 15 1 „t r,._tl, ,t ^ laV " t'i ''nH'-n 1 ''''' tI '/'ir'' •" "'" "T""' ■"""■
fa«iliti..s tliat ar,. ononi.iir fur its trai,s.,„rfifi„„ fr „,, ' ^ ^ • . • '"' '^^'"""''"K K"'itI.Mii..,i wor,

pun.hasors, all ,u,„.. as .tr„n« ,„.l„eon ,.,„,s to the .shall. I'i.r,-. JIoo?^ .^sl^;a KnZran;! A iT

an;riculturalists to turn their attention to its produc-
tion.

Should any furth(»r information be desired, it will

Darlington. Mrs. Dr. J»ennock and Dr. Isua.; \\,x\i.
er were duly elected annual membrrs. A ri.inniun;-
cation from dud^ro Andrews, of Del. county, wjy

tt:::^ !:r:^^^yL:^^--^-^--^^^^

undernanKvl. from whom seed may be nrocured.
POULTNEY, COTJJNS d- MASSEY,

Rrewerv ']\Mith and Filbert Streets.
KUREKT SMITH,

Rrewerv Fifth and Minor Streets
WILLIAM C. KLhMAX,

No. 121 (ireen Street.
AV. BANK SON TAYLOR,

Nine Street below Ei;:;lith.
GEORGE W. GRAY,

No. 24 South Sixth Street.
RnlWlRT NEWLLN,

No. Sf) North Second Street.
FREDERICK GALL,

Gor. of New Market and (\illowhlll.
WILLIAM GALL,

No. 55 North Fourth Street.
DITMMAR .t BLTZ.

N... 520 North Third Street.
I'FTER HALL,

No. 50 North Sixth Street.
F. 'k W. S. PEROT,

Vine Street below Fourth.
Pnii..\DELPiii.\, September 25th, LS52.

8ptr,;iinen.s wrre exhibited at tfie autumnal Kxliil.jtion
statinn; it to be his belief that it was a seedling' of the
L><abella grape. °

Chester County llurticuUural Society*

The stated meeting of the Society for November
was held, as usua'., in its Hall, last Saturday after-
noon, the 20th inst. In the a])senee of the regular
officers, Dr. J. K. Esbeiman was calle<i to the Qiair.
The following premiums were awarded :

To V. Morris, & Co., for the best display of Chry-
santhemums; to A. V. J'ainter, for 2nd do. do.; to
P. Morris & Co., for best display of Cut Flowers • to
Jonathan C. Baldwin for the best peek of a))r)Ies • to

Continuation of Reports from the 1 ite F.xhihitloii of

the State Agricultural Society at rancastcr.
Mttfiod of makmy llutter on the Farm of Wm. Jemp,
Muntrosc, Susquehanna count'/, Pa.

The milk cellar is deep, cool and well v.'ntilatod,
being provide<l with shutters to the windows, so as to
ex(dude the sun when necessary ; it being de.siraUe
to keep the milk and })utt('r of an eijual t<'mpenuurp.
The milk is straine(l in tin pans and stands ahoiit.l6
hours. The churn is a eonimon barrel churn, worked
by an upright dasher, and moved },y a dog power.
Cost of power and churn, ?1:L TIh^ milk is ehurned
civery morning. The butter, on being taken from the
churn, is worked until all the butter-milk is out. A
half ounce of pulverized rock salt is then added to
the pound, worked in, and it is left for twenty-four
hours, when it receives a second working, and n
then packed in firkins and tubs. This is the usual
method pursued by the Susquehanna county dairr-
men. They learned from the Orange county dairy-
men.

Mii. DicKKv'.s Method.— This buitiT Wiis made in
a dairy of twenty cows.

The process of manufacturing it is this: After th?
milk is strained, it is set away, in the pans, which
are surrounded l)y spring water. In eaeh pan ispui
about one gill of sour milk, (which is kept f)r the
purpose,) which causes fermentation, and hastens the
septration of the cream. The pans are allowed ^3
remain thirty-six hours before skimming, and nolon-
ger Then the cream is tak(ui off and put in iarf^e

L P.IIoopes for 2nd do. do. ; to same, for best dis- ,^.. .„.■.. L..e cream is uimm on ana pui iu uw.
Play not less than six varieties, do, ; to Jnnathan (\ tin cream pots, where it remains, immersed in water

Biridwin, for 2nd do. do. do.; to Dr. J. K. Eslndman, — ' • "^^ - • . . ' • v

f()r the best 1 dozen pears ; to the same, for the best
display, not less than 4 vari(>ties, do. ; to P. Morris
& Co., for the best C> heads of (\dery; to Jos. Hoopes
for the best 3 heads of Caulifl(>wers. A very fine
display of specimens were exhibited, especially of ap-
ples. There were by A. II. Darlington 22 varieties
of apples, viz: Hayes, French Pippin, Pennock, Peo-
ple's Favorite, Grindstone, Grej and Cartliouse,

until time for churning: being well stirred at each
addition of cream. We (diurn twice a W3ek, by horse
power— hence the cr(\'im for (duirninjr is thrne dayf
colhu'ting for the othc^r four. The cream is straincij
into tlo; cdiurn at a temperature of 56 degroes, ana
'•burned about one hour. We never allow the ga^
which is set free in the first few revolutions of th«
churn, to escape — thinking, that by retaining it, ^^
improvo the davor of the butter. When tho butter

I

REPORTS.

2s:

is BulticK'nliy gathered, it is taken out and placiMJ on
a triangular table — the base of whi<di is lower than
the apex— on whi(di is placj^nl a tinted cone, having
its ftn«*x affixed to the apex of the table, after the
manner of a ball and s >cket. 'i'his cone is rolb-d

manner

over the butter

over uie i)^*^^-< .teeasionally, turning up the .-dges
until the butter milk is complet(dy worked out. Then
the salt is worked in, after whiidi, it is set away in
coijh^rs, until the next morning, when it is again tho-

CO

rouirhlv

I

rim .../ worked on the tal)l(^ weighed in half pound
j„,j(j,^f and printeil in a box [)rint. I send my butter
\^ {\\o l^altiinnre market, where b»it ten pounds have
\)Qon ."^old below 2o ccnt-< |)er lb. this season.

E. V. Dm KFV.

W.m.kkk's Mkthoo. — This was ma b> in a well ven-
tilated milk cellar. The most entire neatness is ob-
served in every thing connected with it. Th(» cream
skinnned before the milk thickened, stirred freipient-
Iv till suflieiont to (diurn, which must d(»ne slowh.
When well gathered, washed in cold water an<l salt-
(.,1 to the taste. A very little saltpetre addod to that
desiijiied for keeping. S. M. Wm.kfr.

.J. F. (iAKiiNKi)'s Mktuoo. — In compliance with
V )ur retjuest, I herewith transmit you tin* mode ol
inanntaeturing butter, such as exhibiteil ))y tlu; un-
diTsiLnieii. In the first place, I wouM say it was
made from six Durham cows in the following manner.
The milk, a^ soon as taKen irom tne cows, is strained
into stone milk pans, ai)out four inehen d.'ep, where
it is alloweil to stand twenty four hours : it is then
flkimmetl with a^ little milk as possihlr and put into
a stone crock, and kept cool and sweet. When
churned, an<i the milk worked out of it, which is done
entirely with the butter paddle, (we do not wash our
butter,) a sufficient quantity of the fine.'^t (juality ef
palt is added and thoroughly wroke(l in. It is then
printed as per sample. iiespectfully Yours,

JoV.\. F. (i.MUlAKO.

N. B. — We use a churn of my own getting up. It
is called "(larrard's Revidviug Rarr(d Churn." We
have churned in it forty pounds of butter from four-
teen gallons of cream at onT* time, in thirty minutes.

C().\TEs' Mi-.TUoi) OK Makino Chkese. — The nights
'Ik wlTudi is intendeil to be warmed, is strained in-
to a large copper boiler, and put into one of Molls'
Orange county furnaces, and water is |)ut into the
kettle. The fire, consequently, d(jes not come near
the milk, to scorch or affect it in the least. The remain-
der ol the milk is strain(;il into a tub or vat, where
the morning's milk is also put, and the heated milk
is also poured into the tub, so as to have it as ntvir
the temperature that milk is, when drawn from the
cow, as possible. The rennet is then put into it. The
amount depends entirely iijton its strength. It is
then all thoroughly stirred tog'^ther, and allowed to
stand f(n- half an hour, wIkmi tloi curd is cut up with
a curd cutter, and in half an hour is ready to have the
whey dipped in the boiler, f )r the purpose of scald-
ing the curd. It must not be hurried too much in
this proces>^. else you n'ill diminish the amount of
curd. The hot wli -y is then poured on to the curd
and allowed to remain until it will sijueak when
slightly compressed by the hand. Aftc^r this is dip-
ped oJT, a pail of pure cold water is poured upon it,
and remains until the whole is cooled. It is then put
into a sink and salted: a tea cup being allowed for
l'> ounces of curd. It is then put into the press, and
jn half an hour is turnfMl, a?id then remains for 24
hours, when it is taken out, and a bandage is then
^ut on, and it is pressed in a heavy press for 24 hours,
and is then taken to the cheese house, and is greased
and turned daily. C. Q. Curtis,

Susquehanna CO., Pa.

Pho(^ks.s ok .Ma.nlk.\ctuiung Cheese as Fi kmsuf.o
nv don Havks, ok Cuksteh Co., Pa.— The milk, im-
nKMliately after being drawn from the cow, is strain-
ed into large tubs, and a sulii-'itnt quantity of rennet
a<ldid to (;urdle the milk. When eunlled, it is bro-
ken uj* line with the hand, and then h-t stand for
about half an hour, when the whey is drained olf. It
is then broken up with the hand, and a sufficient
(piantity of salt ad<l<;d to make' it {)alatable, when it is
placed in vats and sultjected to |)ressure in proportion
to the size ot the (dieese, fur IS liours, bfiu"- turned
four times while pnissing. Ntjxt, they are j)la(M'd
upon shelves in a dry and airv room, and turned and
greasetl daily.

The object throughout, with the manufacturer, i.s
t<j imitate; natur«j.

mi

Keport of the Committee on Domestic Wines, Rouu-
ces, and Cordials, at the late Statci Fair.

Th(» (^)mmittee on Domestic Wines, etc., respect-
fully report, that tbe'y car(dully examined and t(;st«;d
samples of the differ(>nt Wines, Cordials, and (.""iders
e\hil)ited at the Fair.

Tie; Crabb Apple ( 'ider of Mr. II. (i. Ilerr, of Lan-
caster t'ounty, is sw(M>t and pleasant to the taste, and
mi hifblv (diar<»'ed with cas. as to in«OMt the anoidhi-
tion of "sparkling." It retains, in a great degree,
the flavor of the fruit, but a-i Mr. Merr dtMdined to
communicate his r(»cipe, the ( 'ommittee do not feel war-
ranted in re'commending it as a beverage, nor can
they, in the abseruM* of all information from him, un-
dertake to say whether or ie>t it wmild Ix; economi-
cal and advisable to prepare it f »r general use.

Mr. .Josej)h Koniirnia<dier. of Lancaster (M)unty, ex-
hibitfMl Mountain Cral) A[)ple Cider, wdiieh tin; ('(mi-
mittee recommend as a mild and ple-asant drink.

The (Jider of Mrs. Ilorst, ol" Lancaster county, is
clear and strong, and although eight y«;ars old, is aJ
sound ami sweet, ap|>arently, as when first made.

The ('urrant ^Vine of .Jacob I>. Ts(dinety, <d' Litiz,
Lancaster county, possesses much of the fiavor and
odor of the fruit.

The Wines manufactured from Catawba and Lsa-
b(dla grape, by John M. Summy, of Lancaster coun-
ty, are rich, fine, and luscious. They can fairly bo
classed among the good kinds of swtiCt wine.

Mr. Jacob H. Shuman, of Lancaster county, ex-
hibited some Cherry Bounce, and a variety of domes-
tic Wines. His Rlackberry, Elderberry, and Cur-
rant Wines, ar(; exc(dhMit domestic Wines.

Mrs. Wealthy IIah\ of I>radford county, (exhibited
some (^irrant Wine, t ree yi^ars old, which, although
free from all alcoiud, except that formed by th(^ fer-
mentati(»n of the wine itself, is sweet, smooth and
fragrant. .Mrs. Ilale puts in a ten gallon keg ten^
quarts of currant juice, and thirty-three pounds of
maple sugar, and then fills tho keg with warm water.
In a few days it begins to fernn.'nt. After it has
worked itself clear, she lt)ts it stand in a cool ]>lace,
three or six months, when she botles and seals it
w(dl. A few good raisins may bo ad<led to each

bottle.

Mr. N. Longworth, of Cincinnati, Ohio, exhio-
ited some sparkling Catawba, and sparkling Isabel-
la Wines, both possessing a fine bouquet, and fairly
comparable with many of tie- brands of Champagne.
As a rich and fragrant douK'stic Wine, the Commit-
tee consider it entitled to rank in the first class. The
Committee award a premium of $3 to Mr. Long-
worth, for the best domestic AVino.

They award aprcmiumof S3 to Mr. Jacob B. Shu-
man,ot Lancaster county, for the best Cherry Bounce,

284

TTOTrrTrf'fTf'RAL SOCIETY.

ited by him.
Theyawanl a premium of $3 to Mrs. ,> ..unn
rvi ^^'^'^^'^^'^ c«»unty, for the hest Currant WinJ
Ihey rocommond the Executive Committee to
^ranta premium of ?l to Mr. -Ino. M. Summov of
Lancaster c.>unty. for the Sweet Wi„os c.hif.i'ted
by him and a premium of $1 to Mr. Jacob IJ. Tsch-
nety of Litiz, L incaster county, for hia superior cur.
rant Wine. '

Jami:s li. Wacier, )

Commit tee

a.d ^u. tl. variety of good domestic Wine, cxh.b- Committee on i „nts respectfully report^

the last me 'tin- ol the Society, thev l,avc hail
portunity of .examining a variety ot^ fVuits fV„m . •
uus parts of tlu; State, and many of them ne w kiL7
of Pennsylvania ori-ri,,. '^^^^,

ACER, )

ANm. M. Watts. J

Penns\Ivaniii Ilorticu tural Societv.

Thcstatr,] iii,.(>tin^r of this S,
Chinese Salo.ai,

From Vt-r W .av-r. M.nt-r.mery county-Tnom» »
October Plum -mrdi.nn si/<^ pale red 'Voo.l'' ^
ty, native of Pppcr Dublin township ' ^ ^ ^l"^'''

Thos

LU)

en Nov

S:iniu..l Ott. Ab>ntp.m('rv e.mnty— /W/r P,>nl^^'

>, sf.->cnii.'n>;. tin.' size, wilted

eat-

petr. ,lav..^ .i;,v..v- M7;.;://T;;.;;:r',^;;'^^^^^

nose, l!u,rhunf A',/.-.,/. Xruiown Pnnnn sno.'i.n
remarkablv lai-.> ami fine- ^^ ^ptumeus

K'l

on 1

Vs m. ( }. Warinn;— 'JMie lioalslnirq and Dale \t
[»les, botli natives of Centre eo. Pa. ' ''

1>. r. Me(\unmon--r.,. rULshrm,hn',ur l>ittsbur,h
1 ippm, from Dauphin <'o., hir^re and Ira-rant

Charles kessler, lieadin;;~Two Sr.dUn,, Apr,].,
from Berks eonnty-o;/. {n,n Uoh.son 'towushin'
arn;.'— the oMw- in,m Kuseombnmnor townshj,,.

'ty was held in the
,, uesdayevenino;, X„v. 10th. (len.

latterson. President, in th<> ('hair.

The exhildtlon was very fine, and comprised seve-
ral collections of ehniee dirysanthemums (In-en
House plants in ynU, ]\.ars in variety and beautiful
specimens luscious (Jrapes, and hand.^.une Apples to-
getlier with extensive tables of Esculents. '

Premiums awarded on the occasion were a^ follows- -• -. i>on-.>o. i - v i ir-o Annl.. „, t,! i
ChrysaMnnrnns^V.r the best VI varietils, '^ ^trip<.l with red. <.n a gn ."h v^U v^.^^^^^^^^^^
Ihomas Fairle.v. f.v.Mnan .. .>,.,,ert liuist; for the ty ^o.kI, originated with Jas. AdamJ o^^^^ 1^
second best, to Jlenry A. Dreer. PJanf, in B.f,^ ' township, T^nion co.. Pa. Xo. 2-Me:iinn\^^

For the most interestin^^ collection, to Thomas Mee- -mI red apple,,. 1, oriunnated with Al >u lVv2

han, gardener to C Cope ; for third b.st, to Maurice "J' ^-vI>bu,',^ ironi a ^,.'.1 ..f ;, I^-M. I] , V '^'"'

Iwnn, gardener to John Lambert. Buunuet Drsiuns^ ' '

--i^ or the best, to Thomas Meghran, ganlener to" K
Cornelius ; for the second best, to Th(mias Meehan *

larg'' —

Alan WM^a•.on--Tl.e('^twf.rd Apple, a lini:;,,.^.

lin^, of M^ntj^omery CO notyet in order for .-atin^.

II. W. rs.,ll-No. l-A lar-e Annie, niuttl,.! u'[ii

d. H. Houston, cV Co.— -TIk! Wm. 1

and for the l)est basket of cut flowers to the same
1 he Committee notice the following new plants

from the houses of C Cone evlnl^fn/l f,>v ♦! r I

X-, . f . J v.opc. ( .\ 1111)1 t«MJ lor the first • - w,,.^ .^ v. ..wiuc — ;t .srnaii red 'Uh

tinu, v,z: Jafropha iHindurifvlta, Ii,nir.mna h iintfni I''^'- ^vith peeuliar markings, (.uality "verv iroud "

mid Ihca assamica. Also, a splendid collection of I'^itive of (^hester county, l>a. "^ ^ '

grey, native apple, of high flavor, from CohimlHa''
Jacob Cocklin, of YorV—Cocklin's Favorite .small
roundish. truncat(Ml apple, native of Allen town.ship,'
Cumberland county; (piality very g(H»d.

J. W. Thorne— People's Choice— a small, red aj^

l»e<ides the above fruits, fine specimens of the fol-
lowing kinds weri^ also examined, viz- Summor
Swe.-t Paradise: Winter Swet Paradise; Cocklin'fl
U hiro Winter: Jonathan : Larg.- Cile ; Sternoman's
Sweet; (;i.,riaMun:li and Fall Pippin.

Also, a collection from das. II. Watts. Km]., fn,in
Rochester, containintr fine specimens of Hailcy's

^4 cut flowers of Pompone Chrysanthemums and L>o

ot the large sorts, of the newest varieties, fn.m the

collection of J. Francis Knorr, West Philad.'lphia

15y the Committee on Fruits— /Va?'.s>— For tli,^ best

1- specimens, the Duchesse d'Ang.,uleme, to Isaac

'. IJaxter: for the second best, fnrdlont Morceau to

i'rancois Coinn, Mr.. J. B. Smith's (iardener. Ay. ^ ...... .....uner

;>^^.^—l^or the Inst JLspeeimens, Peim'ttedu Canada, Sweet, Jonathan, Xorthern Spv, Pomme Gris and
to the same : for the second best, Iloman Stem, to X. Canada Ped. ^ "

\ S' ' ^ . ' 'l Amendmr'nt of the By-laws off.Ted bv Dr. A L.

And special premiums— One, of three dollars to ^''^""<'<'v, lies over for consid,>ration
>Vm. Johns, for a elioiee display of (Jr ipes.embracing Objects sh.»wn~bv Thomas Meehan, Cardonor to

several varieties : another, of two d(dlars, f(>r a has" ' '

ketof Grapes, the Blaek Damascus, just arrived by
Steamer Atlantic, from England. Tho (\.mmittee
notice, on this occasion, ,dioiee collections of Pear^^
which make a very fine display, and many of theni
01 delicious quality.

By the Committee on vegetables— Cf/^ry— For the
nest — - 1 - . ^T^ ^, .

Yarn
garde

K;e*Ltt^'nriflf''T'Tr- ^^'''xr''f^ ^y^- ^'^"''' K„orr, about CO varieties of the

ror tlie best silk stalks, to Thomas Meehan • for the ' ' • '•

second best, to Maurice Finn, gardener to John Eam'-

bert. lor the best display of vegetables, by a mar-

C. Cope, twenty-four select (Jreen IIt>use Flants;
twelve choice Ciirys;inth(>mums: a Bo.piet and Bas-
ket of cut Flowers, and a display of N'egetablos, con-
sisting of thirty two varieties.

By Pobert Buist's Foreman, 12 very fine Chrysan-
tneinunis.

By Mauri. 'e Finn, (Jardt>ner to Joliii Lainh.Tt, a

six plants to ^\m. Early, ganlener to Charles collection of Plants and a display of Ve-etahles.

en r to C Conr^^''^''' r' r '""V" ^'^"''''=^'^' ^'^' "^""^'>' ^^' ^^^'^-^ twelve ^select Chrysanthe-
tner to G. Gope. /?rocco/7— For the host five mums. "^

choicest Cerysanthemums.

By Wm. J.»hns—GVa/;r.9— Black Hamburg. Purple
Ghasselas Muscat of Alexandria. Malaga. Tekaj,
Hanst.Tretto, Ghasselas de Fontainbleii, and Cataw-
l)ri.

ket girdener, to Anthony Felten,' dr. For "the be^^t
by a private gardener, to Maurice Finn : r.,r the s<c-
ond best to Thomas Meehan— and a special iiremium
of two dollars to Thomas Meghran, gardener to R
t-orneiius for a superior disnlav

a }tl !-f^ '"^ '^^^l^^^? attention of the Society to ' St. Germain, and Vert longue?

lanT denl;f^oj'r''l''^''^^'^'v*^'^ '^"^"'^ ^^^"^ E"g- ^y ^'^^' ^' ^'<'^^''^ /'e..r,v-Mons. Le Cure. Dnch-
AdrT.r ^ r YT^^''t^ . r. essed'Bngouleme; Broom Park; White Doyeniie,and

Ad interim report of the Fruit Committee— The Napoleon ^

By Mrs- J. B. Smith's Gardener— .47>7/A.?—liei-
nette Franche; Ileinette de Canada. Pca/w— Bourre
(FAreinberg; Belle de Martigne; Doyenne Siculle;

I

.\dvfptisi:mf\ts.

2.S5

K ..111 ^' 1' Watts, Jlocdiester — Apjjles — Bailwy
.,,t Xorthern Spy, Canada Bed, Pomme Gris, and

Jonathan

Of-

IW

Tin: NKW VOKK AGUIGI i;ioK.

A WFKKI.V JOIRNAI. IN L.\K(;E NKWSrArF.U H)UM.

Devoted to the interests of the Commkrciai. as well
\V. Hoe— r-^'Trv— TTulland Burgamot. ^i>- ! as Practical Faumkk and Plantk.k. the Stock liidKn-

TEeT.the Fill IT dan Aui.oinc i i,-
iid KrreiiKs i ivKDHNKK. and the

/^,l_Thc Autumn Pcannain and B^.inaii St<an. y^^ t|,,. }:, ku, Aie iir

iw Geo. D. F.irrish— A specimen of the Belle An- ti hist, the Maurkt a

Ijovicnne Pear, which he bought at Paris— its weight Florist: together with a eomplete sunmiaiv oi the

^-vs fidl .'^<> ounces. most i'mportant Foukiox and Domestic Xkws. J*ub-

By U AV. S. (M.'vcdand— Wint. r N.ll- Fears. lished vAi^ry Tlmrxlay.

]\\' [1. ( . M Gammon— I'lLt.- Inirgle-r Apples.

]U Thos. Meghran, gardener to U. Cormdiiis — A
(lisiilav of vegetables, a bo<pieL and basket of cut
flower's and apples.

P,V Anthony Telton, Jr.— A large display of veg-

etal'l''"^'

T'/'/y, by II. AVetherill, James Jones, William |

Firlv "ardeiier to Ciiarles Vaniall, and d. Kenriek. '

•'"^ TliOS. P. dA.MFS, Kee'g Secretary ^o

A'Ticiiltural ami Horticultural \> Orks.

TUF. subacrilitTS li:ivi- oil huiil ;ui(i f.ir 8:ile, ii l;irt;e assortinpiit
of Aifrn-ii tiuiil ami 1 lurticiiltiiral W'.irks l^r the runner mid
(jardcacr, luiMiiif tlifiii :ir».' tin- inllnvving:
V'oualt (HI Horse,

•• rig,
" " Dop,

Vouatt fc Martin on Catt'e,
r()tnnl«*te Kariru" -V (ianltMier. bv Ft'Bueiulen,
Uovviimgs, liarry'h iv i hoiu.ib i- run Book,
Uovviimfs''8 Country Hoii8«'B,
VouaU on Slii't'p,
i^tcplnMi's Bo 'k of the Farm,
Nortoii'.s l-'lt'iiit'iits of Scientific Agriculture,
CottiiKt* '""1 I !>riii He*' KfHpt-r,
Johnston's Agricultural Chemistry,
Hiiist's Flower Garden Directory,
IJuisi's Family Kitchen (Jardeiier,
Breck's Book of Flowers,
I?uiRf8 (*n the Rose,
Allen's American Farm Book,
Browne's Aineriean Mu(;k IJook,
Diirlingloirs Flora Cestrua,

;! Agricultural Bntaiiy,

Guenon on Milch Cows.
Fessenden's I'arincr'g own /? ook,
Kubank's H vdraiilu-H

?2 ])rr annum,

,s

I i

i i

lo

((

n

tio

( 1

1 1

'Jo

( (

( 1

TKUMS.

< )iio < 'wpy,

'J'iil'oe ( 'opies,
Five ( 'ojties,
Ten Copicjs,
Fifteen Copies,
Twenty Copies, •
The iirst number will lie issueil on Thursday, Oct.

I*ostage, lialf a cent per week.
Jf^j-.j)" All Po,>lniast<'rs and others, disjioseil to act as
Agonts, will be lurnished with I'rosjieetiis and Spc-
cini"ii numbcM's, on a)>plication to the Piiblishers,
A, U. ALLK.N it Co., IS'J Water St., X. Y.

Tin: NKW VOKR FAllM AXD CAKDHX.

A .MONTH I. V JolRXAL, OI" THIKTV-IWO r.\<;KS, DoniLR
('OF,rMN-^ FMl'FKM' "< r*v<i- « \ oi' i e ewi\('(e\iiv
BY SKLECTIOXS FRoM TIIK WELRLV 1'A(jI:;> OF "TUB
NKW YORK ACltK ri,'loR."

This periodical will be devote(l (Widiisively to the
Farnn'r and Planter, the Stock breeder, the Pural
Ar(diitect, the Nurservman, the (lardoncr and the

Florist.

Kach number will bo filled entirely \\itli terma-
NENTLY VAi.UAULE reading matter. No adverti>eni<'nts
allowcfl in its columns; and not even the large head-
inf*-, or tonus and contents, usual on tbehrst and last

TllK MODEL iSEED ^TOKE,

300 }fark':l Slrcrf. aJmrr Wi sfrcpf, Phihuhlpliia.

MODFL SKKl) STOKE.

VFdFTAnij: SKKDS, overj
known varietv.

FLOWFPt SEEDS, 5U0 varieties
GPASS and FIELD SEEDS.

pages ot similar journals, will be ]>erinitted. All
such matter will invariaiily !ip[)ear on the cover.
Thus, the numbers o( tie r\i;M and oardi.n, bound

Also, antheieiiding Atjricnltiiral and FTorncudiral Periodicals i ..,'the end of the year, will lia\e tlu'saim' appear-

PASCHALI- MOHltlN. .V CO"S. _,U[».iiiii iii ii j , it

gricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, West Chester, I'a. auCC as a book. J lllH is a lew feature m pen-MlMMls

of this (dass, and should tie- nmre highly c(»inmeii(i
it to public favor. JS^./;' Fubli>hed ..n tie- first ilay

of each month.

TEllMS.

One Copy, SI. 00 per annum. Three Copies, $2.00
per annum. Eight copies. So. 0(1 p(U' annum.

Lower rates than the above will b<' mad(> with Ag-
ricultural Societies or (dubs, by taking a larger num-
l)er of copies. X-'ir' P^«tage, only oncdialf a cent
perniontli.

J[^^^^' postmasters and others, dispo^oil to act as
Agents, ^vill bo lui-nlde-d with Fni-p<ofu- and Spe-
cinien \um])ers, on application to publishers.

A. r>. ALLEN k Co., 180 Water St., N. Y.

Jgf^'lVlU ( I MINT To(iENTLEME\ AcTIN'G AS A(;ENT5».

Aiiv por.>on forwarding u-- ten or more subscri]--

tions each, for either ol tho abov<' papers, will be en-
titled to a copy, gratis, for one yo:ir. ___^

.Seed a.nd Agri<ultural \S arclKMisc.
No. 29. Market Street, rkilii'

n^IIFlU' the fill'. serihcr liaii opened an extenfiive aRsortment of

n ,.RAss ANnGAUUKNsF.KPs.of liis o wii ra I Hiiig, or reccii t luipf >r-

tation,;ind warrante<l to l.casrcprrHrnted. , . • u i

He i» alHo, inanufactnrmg all the most approved Agrirultnral
Implements, among which he would call the att.-nt lo,, o| Farmers
to a new article of /'low, of his own mventum, called CaHt-Steel,
Fxtending Point, Self-Sharpening, Surface and Suhsr.il i'iwws,
which for durahility and easy of draft is yet unequalled.

The '^reat advantages these Plows possess over all others, are
tneir neculiarronstru'etion and the substitution of Cast-Steel mtlie
place ofCast Iron, whiehonly wants to be seen to heappreeiatedi
all of which Will be soldoii the most reasonable rrices »»>

May ^^ RUUbK^.

Agricultural and llnrticultnral Inij.lemcnts.
THOMAS F. CROFT, Proj.rietor.
Aiient of IV-nna. Farm Journal

( imiCE SIIAX^.IIAE F(>N\ LS.

THE 8u!)8cril.er offers for sale, a few pairs of choice young
Shaughae fowls, sired bvthe celebrated cock "Washington, 'now
owned by Dr. M'Iutoch,'and reputed to be the best fowl in Penn-
sylvania. Also a few paire of White Shanghaes. y-

^August, 1662 No. 311, Market st ,PbiIa)

28G

ADVEUTISKMKyTS.

PUMPS, FIRE-ENGINKS, CASE liio.N tVUS-

TAINS, &o., &c.

The Bahscribrr manufnctnrea dnuble-nrting, lift ni.d force
Pump, (perpend.culnr and l.or.zontal/, <.f »,„ s.ze < r rHiuu-.tv
Which from Ihr.r ..inple construction are well calcul.urd for Fnc'
toriCB, MuH'B I<«,U'ny Water 8lat s, T;uu,ene«, Hrevverw. |?-

J?.1Jr?' ■^^"''!I^*"^ e.tubli.hmeMts, <.r uuy other siluutiou where
wuie r IB required.

Vll.LAGK AND FACTORV FIFtK KNGINFS

Having H doudle-acting force pump. They arc light, tasilv hand-
led uud worketi by few men '^ ' "•■) naiiu
CiBtern and Well TumpB, for in or out doors.

]H:,1.]

ADVKIITISKMKNTS.

287

iMi'oni AM n, I AK^iiKs:

rm\ hi: r;4riMer. Who n.ake the moit money are tho«e ^u

■t.>ck, BO a. to receive ... return fof ti.e.r , J I'T"^^"
yield ns pMBMl.le. The truth of this aMertion will I . "^" •
every one The only ,ue»t.ou lla-u, the farmed 1 ' ^"'.'''^'''^

about K) purchaiK^a new implement ib. which i» ihr,'"',",'''^'"
those m want of a Wind Mill or (J, am Fan "^

To

Copper Kivitte.l Ho«e of ail «izeB, llosc CoupIingB;j<ton"cockB,
I^iad and ca.st ir(Mi pipeB. *c. i r> > » ^

I ;im now re:oly in re.r.ve <.r.ltTH and build Steam KneineB from
3 to I:, horBe power, portable or stationary, ho/.outal or" perpen.li-
cular. I Bhall build them in as simple a Btylc aa possible, combin-
rd with Ptrei.Klh i*i.dBnre..f fj.ttinvr „t every l>arf, i.nd adapted
fornny pnrpoBr re.pnred When i.n kngmne is required for raiBiiiK
watrrof any amount, I can adjust the pumps in a compact form
raaily pot at. and tliscoimect.-d imni llie engine, when m.t rkfpiired
for pumping in main Bituatioiis steam is the iiioat pr.ditable mode
of raising water, us the engine can be used for other purposes to
ndvnntnge ' '

Also prepared to receit'c orders or give inf«.rir ation upon lathes
plainera, presses. Bhafnng, pullicB. and marhmiKt tools in general
from the firm of M<'5.^fB () Snow 4" To , M.-ndcn, (\.iin

Any c<*minuiiicaiionB by niau will hayc immtciiatc attention.
Gf. H FARNHA\[,3l Cliff Bt, near Fulton, \. V.

A(;Ki(( LT( IL\L I.MI*IJ;.M!:\T WAllKnoi.SK.
No. 05, C/itsnut ahref, J'/ufcK'efjJn'a.

The subscriber ofTcTtj for Bale, Hay, Strawand Cornstalk cutters-
C(JTnrtalk CutieiB and (JniuleTs; Corn Cob Crushers and (innders '
CurnMielieis and t5eparat««-8 ; R«K>t Cutters of the most anj.roy, d
patterns, warranted to cut. by hand power, from one to two bush-
els of roots per minute; Harnborou^h's celebrated Grain Fans
Oram Cradlei. Revolving Hay Rakes, self-sharpening Plows va-
rious patterns, plain point Flows of various patterns; Sul,s..il
I lows irirrowR. Cuitlva^.re .., Hnr Harrows, cburni.. Jieed Drills
Corn I'lahters. Corn Shr-llers. Sc\tlie«. Grass Ho.ks. Spades, Sliov-
«l8, Rakes, Hoes. Hay and .Manure I'orks, Ac . \-

Or.lers rernvcd for anv and every Agricultural Implement now
:n use, which will be furniehed ni manufacturer's prices

D LA.NDRFTH,

Auguat, 1PS-2 ] No. C5, Chesnut Bt,. I'hilad.

TO FAI<Mi:i{sf

LAXIMIKAK.t JKFFKRIES.

RESPKCTFl'LEV invite tfi.- aitHnhofi o( FHrmprs
' and <»therB to thfir FstabliBlimeiit for tne manufacturo ol
haruiiug Implenients and especially to their ce'cbruted

IMPROVED (iRAIN FANS,

which they confidently aBsert will do more work in a shorter Bpac«
of tune, and with I.-bb laln^-. than any other Fan now in use These
Fans, wherever intr.Kia-cetl, have given complete satisfaction and
• large number of testimonials could be |>rocured, testifyin'r tc
their superior merits. *

They also maniirn.<ture. to order. Agricultural Implementsof vu-
riouB kuidB : such as .SCrao* Cutters, Cultivators, Ploughs, Harrows

Having had many years' experience in the best sliops in the
country, they are prepared to do work of a pnperior quality n 'ittlf
cheaper than any other e^tHalishmciit in the .State. They w'ii war-
rant all their Work to be wliat it is represented A warrant given
with every (irain Fan. giving the purchMser the privilege of re-
turning it, Bhould it not tlo good and quick work.

Thev will dr'iver thetn, free of expense, any distance within
fifty miles <>f the manutactoiy. Their .Shop is at the junction of
the Marietta and Columbia Turnpike. Lancaster, I'a . where they
will be happy to have Farmers call and examine for theniBelves
I rice of Fans, No. 1. large bikc, ... gi.)| ^^q

" ** " 2, Biiiall size, . . . .Ji.OO

Several gof>d and responsible Agents wanted in the Western
and Middle part of I'ennBylvania. to whom a fair percentage will
be allowed. All orders addressed to Lanphier and Jtfferirs,, Lan-
easier Fa., will meet with prompt attention. June 1-tf.

ALDERNEY AND IMPROVED SHORT HORN-
CATTLE.

THREE thorough bred Alderney RULIi^, from nine to elev«n
months old, raised from the choicest imporfed stcKk. Alw). iwf)
thorough bred young short horn Rulls. ten months old, raised on
lh€ farm of Mr T. V Remington, near I'hiladelphia, and for sale
by AARON CLEMENT, Agent for the purchase and sale of in-
proved stock, Cedar street, above 9th btrect, Philadelphia.

Fobruar)'«d, 186«.

JiaiiilmidUfjn's linprov.d raiinlnc Mill

i8Confidentlyotlereda.«ther,ry/...rarli.le..Ithek,iHlthal,H,l u .
lu M, v,..nt:.g.B over all other Fan. can be t..ld in a f e v w , " ^'*
U utll do nwTf undbftttr work inU^s tnn^ nwl ir.th h,^ /<,/! • ''^'

pr.Mmnma over iuuner..ns coinpeiitors • a " larre"iVi'iinl.Pr"].f"'^l'"*
medals and .l.pionias can be seen bv calling at my bI, , 1 ^ '"'■"
^^T he following is (me of many similar letters almost daily rccei,.

Mr. Ramborough-Dear sir ; J see by the reports nf iJ\,fu
rent Agr.cultnial exhibitions that you have been'g t .^, ]!^^J it
mmms and honors for your c-lebruted patent gram f a n^ Ai [ « :
should >v,u not ? Vou .urelyare justl'y ent.tld to a y that vTl'
Hwurded you. In my opinion, the ecpial to your fan , ,u . u^.
to be found, much less its superior The millers say t ah th!
farmers who i.nn;: „, their wheat "that it is not very cleai t It
they ought tog.t a null like / pot of yon to clean their whr.t,
we have no use for rolling ,r-reens or smut mar-hines.for anv Jra !
cleaned on the mills /got of you JOHN T. S IC[U)\ ^l

IS—/ am now making out a bi.M to send to v.u foF a' iHr'pt
iinmber ot your fans as sooii as the navigation op,-,)-* J T V

Mills for sale. wh<.U Bale and retail, different sizes nn,i ,„,',.„.
I roni '2\ V- .. . ,

>ears, and made and so d e..'',n(l. Direct to me at l^iuasicr I'a
/.ins sent to anv part of the Fnitcd States '

.)OH.\ l5AMP>OR()F(JH, Pjitonfoo

Fevrrnl trusty agents wanted to sell rights. Orders may also bt
sent to I rt-Mtoii. ^rw Jersey.

Ci4fT/0A' ---All ptrsnns are warned from trustirg anv nerion
on account o( the subscriber, uiileea he hue a wriitcu order J R

July H , t f . 33

TO FARMERS— SALINE FERTILIZER.

This preparation is designed to furnish the soil the rari-ms mirv
cal nr inorganic m iterials abstracted from it by plants in ihr i.ru-
eress ol vegetation. '

It contains a large proportion of the salts of potash b- Kin and
ammonia, c.nnbmed with Ri-JMioKphale (»f Lime, Animal Cnarceal
and (ittier fertilizing matter ; the whole furmjiig a hithly coiicei)-
trated manure

In thusoirering a new article to the atlention of fan. .era, the re-
lative value of which remains to be tested by experience, it is de-
sued not to venture np(ni any iiBsertiMiis fespecting it. calnilatfJ
to excite expectations, whnh, perhaps, might not he resiiz.-.j;
knowing, however, that the principal constituents of tins com.
pound have been proved to t.e hij;hiv valuable separately, it ii
confidently believed that tbeir combination in proper pronoriioui lo
the "Saline Fertilizer" will formau excellent manure.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE.

The Fertilizer should be applied at the rate (;f two barrels to th»
acre, and spread broad-caet on the surface

If, on opening the barrels, the salts should be found adhering to-
gether in lumps, they should be broken, say with the back of a
Bhovtl, upon a floor or smooth Burfae*. and, if convenient, n little
ge()d dry mould may be added, and well mixed before spreadiiiff

For wheat or r\e one barrel per acre may be used before •< w-
mg. and lightly harrowed in. and fhe other applied as a top (ire*»-
mg early in tiie spring, at the commencement of the first thnw.

I pou grass It should Im; sown bread-cast, aiul if possihle. whm
the grouiul is wet, (T v\ hen there is a jirobability of ram, to di»-
solve the fertilizing salts : generally laic m the fall or early in thi
spring, will be foimd to answer best.

Upon corn, it w<m!d perhaps be adviaable to apply one barrel in-
the hill and one brond-cast.

If adtled to the manure or compost pile, the Fertilizer willdouhl)
le.«!8 increase greatly the efficacy of the mixture

The experience of Acricu turists will prol)ahIy suirgcst oth^r
mfxies of employing it. n8 8<MMi as they becomi- satisfied of it» utili-
ty. It should not, however, in any case be mixed with (]iii.'klime
which will cause a loss of ammonia, nor should it be buried deeper
lu the 8i>ii.

tF" Price, $2 20 per barrel.

Manufactured and for sale by

CARTER A SCATTERGOOn,

June. 1M2] Office, RL Arch st., Fhilad.

6IIANGIIAE .1 rorillN CHINA FOWLS

For Salr.
The rubscriher has on hand a number of yonng Cochin China *
Sfianghae Fowls of the latent importation, which he will dispol
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to

PHILIP HUNT,
Weit Phfla , Cheinot St., !»nd door West of Pub. School WoVM

.,,iiu ti/riiH AL u \iti:iioi Si: \\u si:i:i)
^^ sniui:.

The sul>HcrIbnrs, in adiiition to their extensive Nur-

irv si"'^ (lireen-House estalilishments, hiive ostab-

r'sheJ JV" Aj:^ri('ultur;\l Warehonsf' ami Se<'(l Stons

nortr tli« Horticiilliiral Hall, West (Miestor, and are
in-pared to till ordors liy whidsonalt.' and retail, of

erw; also Hiok'.s l'oi-tabl(! ('ider Mills, which will lucko
from 5 to 10 barrels pt r dav. For sale by
RASCHAI.L .MoKK'lS, k Co.,

Agricnltuial NVarohouso and Seed Store,

W 08t Chchter, l*a.

all kinds of iinproveil Ai;ii<*ukural and Horticultural
|jj^pl,>,n,>nts, ve^etalile and flower Heeds, itc. (,'oun-
trv storekeepers supplie(l with any of the following,
^•ith reasonable diseount to sell a<rain :

(lardt'u, Fit'ld and Flower Seeds; Horse Powers an<l
Thro.shers ; Wheat Drills an<l Seed Tlanters; Ploughs.
lluToW^ :ind Cultivators; Hay and Straw Cuttors ;
(Jniin Kan. and ('orn Shellers ; Ve;i;etable, or J{<n»t
Cutters; Hand (Jrain Mills, (dover Slndler.s, Horse
llikt^s, ('hums (d various patterns, (J rindstones and
bnurovi'd Han^nn;!;s; Hay, Straw and Manure Forks;
Ot Yokes iind liows; i*atent How Pins, Ox Trace
and iiO^z; and Cow Chains; Cross-cut and otln^r Saws;
Spades. Shov(ds, Hoos tvnd rakes ; Ox Mu/zles .and
bull iliii^^s ; l*ost I>i^<i;t'rs and Crow Bars; Wheel

FIU:n\tOUXAME\TAI/rKKi;Sv^SHHL(;iiEitV.

The Buliscriliers offer f ir s.ile tin- pr<-8i-nt full, at their
.Nursery, ^( I. trden S. <irefii-!io(iBe I isiablihhniriil, VVi-st
riieslf-r, I'a., a InrK'e and seler-l asBortmcnt ol llie ditltr-
eiil kinds <.f FKl'l'l' TKllFS wlinli th<-y oiler l.y whole-
Bale or retail, atreaMinibie prices, vu : Apj.le, I'ear, I'rai h, IMum,
and Cherry trees, A[»rU(»t8, Ncctarinea, I'ik", Filberts, Unglish
W'alnnis, .Strawl)errie8, KHSpberrics, (ioosriicrries, Currants iii
jj;real variety, (Quinces, Almonds, hardy and tender (ira[)e Vines.
Also a line eullection of Dwarf Pearson tiuiiice adapteil for im-
mediato bearing, and embracing some 2.j or JU varieties. S)me of
them now in fruit.

Also l^verf^reeu and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, both of na-
tive and tofeign growth, of ail the most desnable kinds for our cli-
mate. Norway Firs, Halm of (jilcad, AuBtn an and Scotch IMiic,,
Lebanon and Deodar Cedars, Cryptomeria, Japonicn, Chili /'me,
Himalayan Spruce, several varieties of Rox, Arlmr Vita, Hcllies
nine varieties of Junipers, Hn^lish and Irish Yew Also a large
colleeti(>n of hardy roses and greenhouse plants. liulbous r<H>lB,
Tulips and Hyacinths, imported Phloxes, Verbenas. Dahlias, ein-
bracing 4b varieties, imported the present season. Fnglish d(mbl«
birrow-' ■ Cirain Cradles ; Scvthes and Scythestonos; I il^dly-hocks, very clnnce chrysanthemuiiM, Ac, t<.K. ttier with all

(Jnihhin- Hoes an-l INcks^Post Au-ers, I )i-awin^ i ''^'V;:'''^'^'^" "'""''>' f^"'"! '" -""'l^-^' well conducted establish-

Knives, A.KCS, liroad Axe'S and Hatchets; dram orders by mail promjitly ettended to, and trees and plants care-

Ha'Ts • drain Measures ; Garden Trowels and Weed- f""y p^K^i^^-ib 'I'^i forwarded as <lirected. Catalogues inmisnedou

",', , J' f T fM • 1 Q tf^ I >' ! application iM^i "H a I I , MniMn«< .v « ..

mi; loiKh, last lion ^, nan.-, ana r^eiU.es ; Uo. . i.it , ^^^.^j ISurscry, Seedsmen .V Florists, West Chester, Pa.

and I'lnbrella Stands; (ianh'U Waterin<; Pots; Hy- im>im'p p i\v\' kwvkt k \ 'v\>\\^<i

a/inth and liulb (Jlas.scs; Prunin- and Huddin;; F KL li ct OK.N AMEM A L IREES.

Knives; Wire Flower Trainers; do. Stands, 15ee Hives, KLLWANJJFR ^ BARRY desire to call the a tention of ;Vor-

. 1 /n • 1 /' 1 r^ • w 1 1 servmen, dealers and planters to the immense stock of 1 rees no\r

Truuin^ Saws ami ( hisels ; drass and dram N«'kels: | ..n their grounds embracing Kruit Trees of every desenptioa, viz:

Rose Shears an<l Twip; Cutters; F'lower Scissors; ! standard Apples Pears, Plnms, Chernes. Peaches, Ac,onfre»

Hii r) • * I> ...1 . -^.r, 1 I wJl ... V l,i;..,. I ...1 1 ,«o I Bl<i(ka fur Orchiirds — yigornuH and well lormed.

Utter I rmts How S and Ladles ;h . 1 Im- Ladders , ^^^^,^^^ ,^_^^j INramulal Pear Tre.s, on quince stock, about 100,-

SoreW U renches. Pincers and dlinblets; Kat and: ixm. embracing every hue variety that can be so worked, 2 ycarf

Mole Traps ; ('atth- Cards and Horse Brushes ; Cur- old, trees low branehe(i.vi},'..ron8 and t)entiini.

,T , ' , I I . I \ \' \ \' i. L' ' Dwarf aad Tyramidal Cherries, on nuilialct) slocks, fr e one, t^vo

ry tombs ;^ Horse Lancets, Ox Knobs; .Nest E(r^^'S ; j „,„i three year old trees; well branched and hnely lornnMl

lloe anl Fork Handles; Hay an<l Corn Knives : Car- Dwarf Apple trees, on Paradise and doucam storks, beautiful a

year old trees with heads for iinmediale bearing,'i)e8ides vigorous
yearlings
nooaeberncs, large l^neashire sorts. Urong plants for immediate

bear iiig.
CurraniB, including the Cherry, Vietoria, Whi'.e (irape and many

other new and fine sorts Sreonr catalogue.
Raspberrihs, the new large fruited monthly. Fsl^jlf, iVc , Ac A

com|)lete collection of all desirable varieties
Grapes, hardy native sorts, such as Isabella, Cat.iwba and Clinton,
strong two and three year old varieties of foreign grapes for vin-
eries, strong thrifty plants in pots.
Strawberries of all desirat)le varieties. Rhubarb, a large stock of
the best varieties in cultivation, and all other fruits cultivated.
The entire fruit department is under our own personal supervi-
sion. The best quality of stocks is used, and the most scrupulous
attention given t<» ensure aceuracy : we flatter (turselves, that no
Nursery collection can offer a stronger guarantee to purchasers in
this respect. The stock is all grown on new fresh son, and is
healthy, well manured and hardy. We ask purchasers to exam-
ine it

ORNAMFNTAL— Large trees for streets, parks, Ac Such ns
horse che«nutH. silver maples, snowy abeles, mountain ash, elms
and tulip trees, in large (pianlies, cheap.
Raiik OuNAMKNTAL Lawn Thkk^, embracing the most novel, re-

ma-kable and beautiful trees, and shrubs, both deeiduous. and
evergreen that can be grown in our climate, for particulars, we
refer to the descriptive catalogue.

dcfi Kcids ; Tree SiTapers ; Cow li(dls ; Family I*ress;
Pit; Nil' 15 oxes ; Potato I)ijz;i^ers jind Pullers ; Whif-
fle Trees ; Caterpillar Urushes ; Fruit Pit;ker8 ; Bor-
der Knives ; Ciuano; Plaster; Poudretto ; Bunedust;
Lime, &e.

I'ASCHALL MOIIUIS .t Co.,

Xursc.'ry, Seedsmen and F'loristf.

West Chester, Pa.
B^* Orders liy mail promptly attended to.
srPEiriMIOSPHATE OF LIME.
Prepared under the supervision of IVofessor Mapes,
for salo ]iy the ton or smtillcr quantity, at the Agri-
cultural Warehouse and Seed Store, West Chester,
Pa. Also, No. 1, Peruvian (Juano.

PAS(JHALL MORRIS, & Co.
10,000 PEACH TREES.
Also fine ])warf Pears, well branched, many of
them haviuii; fruited the present season ; also Fiver-
green and Deeiduous Trees and Shrubbery in great
varietv.

V.,- 1 i\ 1 T 1 'a -nu. .1, ' Robes —One of the richest collections in the country, including the

NursiM-ymen and Pea ers Slipphed with BJu'^ ; "^/^..^ ^\\:, .^t Furopean variet.es, selected by US last summer
^^prure, American Arbor V ita,', Ualm of d dead, W hite 1 inperaon.

good condition a $10 per 100

ROCK SALT.
Rock Salt in larp^e lumps, for salting eattlc. This
*rtiele can be placed in the open field, and is not af-
fected by tho weather.

PASCHALL MORIHS, .t Co.
HAY, STRAW AND F^)DDER CUTTERS.
Webb's, Hovcv'8, Emery's, Rice's. Pott*', Catch-
pole's, and other Straw and Fodder Cutters and Crush-

who apply and enclose stamps to cover postage which must be

prepaid.

No. 1— A Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits ^„ , .

is^'j, 9^. o " Ornamental Trees. >hruli8 «e

Jvjo! 3. — A catalogue of Dahlias, Fuchias, ( hf > santhemums and •

budding plants.
No. 4.— A wholesale catalogue, for Nurserymen and others, who

wish to purchase largely
Postaeeon Nos 1 <V 2— .V»fi miles or under3 cts; 500 to 1,'iOO m nets
" 3 A 4-500 " " " " " 2 '

MOUNT HOPE NUKSFKIFS,
Sept. 1, 185« RcKhester.N.Y.

288

ADVERTISEMEXTS.

J?;

FARMERS ! LOOK TO YOUR INTERI^TS^

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Society, Septem])or 2r)tl], IS.n.' , ,. . ^, -- --v. ui.-iuum

^y. point rows ,„ all „-r,-ular sluipo.l lieM., and po,s- ! diat Moorc'.s Patent SocUn.l ( r , , U V ' ""■"""

^« superior a, vanta^os to all otl.or.s in the case N-1, is ■■^"porior t, m y /, ,,r, ■ d l" ■ ;!^ H.';';""'"'''

u.ckncss w,.h wl,u-h it can bo reRulatoa to sow now in t ,o market tl.o purpose,

losircdnuantitv of Oriin n,.r A?.,.„ ...i.:>. ,, it.,..: J '' .

sow point rows in all irrc-ular shapo.l licMs, and po-
and q

anj desired quantity of " fl nJn* "ptlr AJr^'whil!^ ui^
draft upon the horses i.s twenty-live per cent, li^W.tor;
and consequently wuh the san.e labor, can seed one-
four h nmr. .r„n-l p.r day than wirl, nmst odier

!;;.i;';'''"M''7-'''''7-, '^'''" "^'.'""^-n s,, common to

n-'t p^Yn^lyHean.d, — niiivl v nl,^ iar-.l in th. Sim'-
I"" •■i'"l I 'viil,;ir construrtiuu ui^ this Drill, as white

I ITavmir made arran^rements to furnish loOi) of the

I al)i»ve Macliines for sale the comin- Season wo shall

be prepared, at all times, to supply ordcr^ without

i^^ All orders addressed to the uiiaur>I-ut'd wil

warrant j>r-n!j,f ath nti(,ii. ' ^

hKK, n:iK('K .^- tj:i:.

August. 1852.] ErcUdoua 1\ ()., Chester Co., Pa.

th

imvi:ks'(iii:mi( Ah ammal .mamue.

Tt'cou^ld hP w'!«f ';' ^1'^ ^"'^'"^ '•' •^''""^'■'-- ^^^>'^'' comprise al ' .'"aLManurenlmut 38 aoros of the p.n.r. st land on my fr.ru., R.ui pnt

diicuur |.,r.r^r ^r ^w^«|iicBB iUKi fuiprisinp effectfiiMpro : '/..t.,, Hiiu lie naiance in Corn. Althonch it \ruts got in

qua ,?ei ^ ""''" '" "">' '^'''^^ ''^ «""-'« '''«'''>« «"^' enduring [^^l]' '^^^•^' ""^ the Season v.ry unfavorahle for the Corn crop%ei.

' The sui,scrn.er offers t,o., ^U..r. ... ... ......:_ .......... ■ Co 7| Jv r^rlrsLd 'altl.'I.'nJh \ T'l T ^""', ') " iT "'^"">- 'lll'"^

j.„ I I % ^'^'°^^; 'I'tliongh ] have farmed for 20 vears. and have

imu ^ood Corn hiial,and .Manured wHi, as I thought. in the old way.
v\ hile my nei-hbor.' C-rn was quite yelhnv and leaves nirled up
With the drought, mine was tureen .ind growing rapui,v ; therefore,
Icons.der it one of the most v.Hnahle mannres I ever used, and

The subscriber offers this Manure to the pnblic with a fuU k-n,»t,i
edge of Its powerful effects upon ground where used Th.« T
nure must take Us preeedenee'aboje all others ; its adapti to aU
knds of go,l and every particle of fertilizing properties beimr
hnn n '"■'^ ;? ^'•*' '"""'^ ''^ manufacture, render it at oiuechea-r
than any other manarensed forall kinds of crops Its effe ts Jr
wonderful. A supply alwa>8 on hand, WM M VFR<

beventh Street near Germantown Road. Kensingttui, Vhi'la

READ TUB FOLLOWING CKRTlbIC.\TE!l

T.) Mr. Wm Myer8-S.r-Hav^inrtn'lJ.d''v'n;r^i'^f''''" ^'' I^^^' , ' '^^I^' «'>'>«criber residing in Dillsburg. York county, Pcnnivlva-
Manure upon potato groun th.sVJson 7fi, ,' f , *''7""*"'- An.ma ni.i has invcMited a new and improved Augur for the boring <.f i.uh..
more and larger pota^'e^ ha the bes horse „ V n^ '-le-third and seltia;? he boxes „f wagon.carriage and other vehicle whetli

irroinid * iuu*K,e8 man uie best iiorse manure < n the same f"r which 1 have obtained letters patent

1 .1 . , . '" ••*'i«ii/iu iii'iiiiii c-B 1 ever ufru, hiiu

snail take pleasure in recommending it to my neighbr-raniid othcri,
lours respectfully, K. .M. Skkly.

I SIDLES nnj, AUUUU AXD BOX KKGULATOK.

ground.

W^r K.Cox.

The followmgadditional certificate just received, speaks for itself

UoonBt-RY, i\. J . loth mo 2(tth, ISol.

The .Vugur will bore both ends of the huh nt the same time, or
either separately— and i.s the most useful and important invention
of tlie age for inserting wagon boxes and the only AJachine in ex-
istence by which they can be inserted exactly true— and is so per-

I have used upward o( l(MH) n«he I. of wlv <r -'"^ i- l^^I- I 'stence by which they can be inserted exactly true-and is so per
M.^NL-UK, on corn p/aa oes irn.n« nil 1 V ^ ^''^"! ^""'"^''^ '?'^^'^' ".'"''"^ '" '^« -""^truct.on, and constructed on such ju>t me
daring the prese t seas m u. 1 am^^^^^^ »m.I some other crops ehanical principles, that it .an'not pos.siblv get out of repair,

and powerf il manurrV.r tu^ J^ l 1 1 M"', ".k '"' ^^l^'^"^'^'^" i ^V''' ^'^'^ '^"-"' " ^^^ ''^ '•^^**'« ^•'^" ''^ i.iserted ma few minute.

m expeneuce has :hownr;;"b''e e^prciaUV^^;' ut.7 ""' ^^^^^^^ j ;;:;:' ^morl^^f ^^ k!' ^^"'"" '' '^^'''''^ '"'"^^ ^" ^"^''^'" '''

•^^^'"^ J- Grircom. I IVrsons wianiiig t.) purchase Territory orShop rights will pleaii
<!pBT'»r Pftn r'.T, , r^ 1 ^ .- , ' address the subscnbdr, who wil! sell on terms thnt Win enable

l£r- U'm \fvpr-_n.„,.i I /^^^- ^^^'' ^**""^>'' Md. purchaser to make money. H UN RV SIDLE.

BU \\m. Myers-Dear Mr-l mauufed with yonr Cheraico-Aui- I DiHsburg, April, lS.52-tf Ui->Ki sit i^

I

VOL, 2. WEST ClIESTEIi, I'A., ,(.\M-AI!V, isxi. No." ]o.

I1II;F.\I!M .11) I! UN a 1,.

,1 I IMIM rvoTov EnrroR.

A. M. Sl*A\(iLER, AscTSTWT Edttor,

A(; i:\Ts.

The F\K\f .h.i k.nal may bo had at th" f>ll..wiug
places : —

W. B. Zjkuek, South ,3d, St., princi|.a] Agent for
riiil;i(lt'l|))iia.
W If Sr\\<;i.Kii, - - Lancaster, Pa.
K. F. Si-sN.;i,F;R, - . - Cobimbia. I»a.
<«K... i^KK'i.NKK, . - - llarrisbor*:. I*a.
^i -MiNKK, ]'itf.>.bur-r, i'il.

•J \[

'II liV'M K,

- Chanibt'isbiir;^, I'a.

ii M. i:\uiF.vs, - - - Carlisle. }\i.

A iv WMiMKrn, - - York, I 'a.

'^ M D'iMKR, ot Ah<»oiia, IJhiir r,„Hify, is our au-
thwnzi'd jiixi'iit i(»r Bhiir and Centre couritics.

A. K, l>KM)v, ('umlM'rland and I'errv counties.

•'■>v Pkk.ston. Koiinett Square, for ^Chester and
b' lawaro countios.

'^'vniiAv hoHWART, Lan(;aster county,

'"j^MiKL H. Wood, of \,»rristown, for Moutcouierv i
and Hacks coinitios-. ^ '

A't'l nf Pxiokscllors fjenerally.

iruit ( ulture in Pennsylvania.

It 18 8ai<i to he a trait more pecriliur to Tarmerfl as
acla.ss than others, to be generally indisposed to va-
r.v tr.m the boaten track of thoir p.rof.^ssion. and slow
toH-iopt innovations varyin,!^ from thoir accusb.me.j
routine. Whih- it will ho jidmittod that (his hesita-
tion ha.s often sav.-d from trifbin- loss.it will !,e foun.i
«till oftener to havo ,/rhn,u,f ^.poat pecuniary advan-
•'^l^^- What, Willi th(; merchant may ofton be called
a J'azardous Rponthition, involving tlio loss o| fortune,
^>th the tarnuT who introduces a now implomont,
^'^80me unusual rotati.m of crop., the disappoint-
^^nt fnun the experiment, if thore if? any, occasions
J trirtuig inconvenience, and often no loss whatev-
titi 1 ''^''"'''''^ •''"'^ pursuits of business are con-
^^^y changing. New markets and means of com-
^ Jication are opening. Commodities unthought of
e lew years since, now constitute active and im- |

portantartlch.s of commerce. The rapid cxtcnsi<.n

i of llailroaiis and tho T.>Ir>.M-.», J. n l •

I -uio HI. i( ir -laph, tiio groat increaae

: f'f strain iH.vcr both on hind ao.l u-.f... h.,. rnnf\rMi.

ed aiel uMpr..o,Mlont..d in.roaso of population, partic-
^ilnrly.n.,nrlar;:e cities, has givon an impulse tn
husinos., and oeca.ionod a change i;. the relative
sources of supply and .j-mand as regards agrieultur-
al productions, whi.h it ^^U\ h. w.-ll i\,r the farmer
to consider and adapt hi. hn^ness to the n-w state
of things. In a verv ..hort time there will bo a c.mtin-
ii"us Pailway (•(unmunication between IMiihulelphia
and St. Louis, through the heart of our ( 'on.monwealth.
Already, bit eattle, wh., nsod to travel from Indiana
'^"^1 '^Ino, to ih. Atlantic cities, at great e.xpense, and
loss of time, and loss of wei^^ht, are brought down in
cars built f.r tho purpose, and ean b(> rushed m, by
a telegra-bie eninniuiiieati(»n, advising of a rise in
tlie market, at a fe-.v IiMurs notice. Recently thirty-
five car loads of live h(»gs arrived in IMiiladelphia
from tiie West. It strikes us that the n.atnral course
of things, very soon, when our main lines are com-
pleted, and intersected as they will be by laterals in
all dinvti ms, will be to creat<> a competition in the
heavy arti(d<'^ of binn produ,.o, such as beef, pork,
grain, tiMur, .'(-., unfavMrable to tlie farmer noar the
Atlantic coast where land is from ^r>0 to •Sl.'iO p.r a-
cre, and that ..iir farmers, particularly in Kastern
Peno<ylvaniM, should avail tfiemslves of tli<'ir pr.»x-
imity to I'hil.adelphia.now with a population of half a
million. :nid .h-vote tnoir atti^ntion than hitherto to cer-
tain pcri.vhabic articlcs,which do not so well bear lone
carriage, such as fruits, vegetables, .lairy productn,
butter, milk, Poultry, &c. We believe these to be far
more profitable n.w, than fattening cattle or raising
grain. We wi.^h to speak, however, at present, par-
ticularly of Fruit culture, as we believe there is no
product of the soil, in which the supply is so far
short of the demand at this time anrl for some years
past, and which will so well repay, for interest on
cost of Land, labor and expense of marketing, as the
cultivation of choice Fruit. We speak of all kinds of
Fruitfl, apples, pears, peaches, plume, quinces, cher

1 ' iT.uL

290

EDTTOIUAL.

ANUlf,

rics, raspberrios, »tniwl>erricH, l)lackbt'rrios, goctselxT-
ricH, &c. Nt)t th:it wo rocotnuicnd every I'annrr to
go into the cultivation -t all iIu-m,', hut only that they
will all pay a handnome protir, ami that each one
must judge for himself, from }\i.s s.mI, location an<l
facilities of access to market, whirii «)r \\n\\ many ot
thciu it will he most profitable to cultivate, Tiiey
will always 8»'ll in Philadripljia, an<l in many of our
inland towns, there is a better nv.irkct, the HU{)ply be-
in^ p'.ort'r and the prices hi;;her than in the city. — ■

We Mpf'ak now of eultivatin;; fruit as a re;^ular V>raneh
of V)UsineMs, ^ivin^j it the same att»Mition as corn or
potatoes, seli'Ctin^ the best varieties of each, and pur-
suing it prop<'rly and scientifieally, from the planting
()f tlie tree, tlif c(in' of it, which involves judicious
pruning, manuring:; and cultivating of the soil, to tin;
tinal preserving, gathering and niark»'ting the crops-
It is customary now to see tho orrfntril, and fruit gar-
den consistin;; together ni' ()ne-<juarter or one-half
Bn acre, tl^i' most in'irlri'tt'd nart of the farm. An-
plea are apples, and a trt'c irom a nursery erammed
into a small h(>le, and often [ilanted in a tou;j;h sod,
and allowed t" take its chance, if it has escaped be-
ing broken down by the cattle, at tiie end o( ten or
twelve years is at last visited by the owner. :ind if
he finds no fruit, or i-rhayis some kuMtty, kiniily
Bpccimen, calculated to set one's teeth on ♦ilgi; U) look
at, — Fruit culture is pronounced at once unprofitable,
and that there is nothing like the good old rotatit)n
of corn, oats and wheat. While hii)i<lrnls of acres
have been, and are being planted out in New York
and the Eastern States, and many thousands of bar-
rels of apples have been sliipped the present fall
to Europe, the sf/sf' mafic cultivation of fine fruit as
a material item in the business of the farm, may be
said hardlv to have commenced in Pennsylvania. —
W' e believe our soil and climate as favorable for it as
elsewhere; our diff»'rent Horticultural Exhibitions
prove this and show what can be done. To ]h^ })n»Jit<ihlr
however, it must be attended to properly, not only
the varieties to be ol th»^ best, but the specimens as
large and fine as can be ])roduc(nl. 'I'he price <){' l*en-
nock and Grindstone apples, the Ile(lgt> and Uell and
Choke pears, and hard <'ling peaches, must not be
considered evidenci^ of the profits of fruit culture.
We have seen this season in Philadelphia, Duchesst^
d'Angouleme and l>artlett j)ears selling from 1<S to 25
cents each, Beurrc Piels l-^ cts., fine Seckles 3 cts.,
while inferior varieties were dull at 75 cts. to .^I <Hi
per bushel, and the same relative prices will hold
good with apples and all other fruit. We have nt>v-
er known the time when really fine fruit would not
sell well, and believe that more can be realized from
a few acres occupied in this way — in many instances

than from the whole produce of a farm, with any

ordinary rotation of crops. There is no danger of
the eating of luscious fruit going out of fashion. Not
only is our domestic consumption very great and con-

tinually increasing, but tliere is also increasin*
idly a large deoiand lor export, an I the (•,>;;.;{ ._ i
llundreils ol barrels of aojiles have l,,,. , ^i ',
this last fall from Phihvd.'lphia. f.>r CharlesUm %^
Savannah in tiu; steamers, n.ow ply ing reiruj.^j.;., ^
our exchang«^^ inform ns liiat ov.r GOOO barrel
W(Mjt to Eiiroj)e in three of the steamers fVnin \
York, and which brought, (the bi^st .quality) from 1^
t(^ $',> per barrv-l.the freight charged l)uing ouly«,l'V.
each. Ualdwin a[>ples and Whitt; l>oyennc peur.'^ jiav.
Ikhui shipped to the East Indies, and arrivi^l n, f,,
condition; and also apples, peaches, and evonstravr
berries to the West Indies. Tlie introduni,,!) •
stea n on th(! ocean, and the ice house, have ninr,t
the ol)stacles to transporting fruits safely to r,ri"-
countries. In rcsj)ect to idioict? pears, it ^^ciih u*-
It^ss to spe(;nlate al>oiit a foreign demaad, \vh ii v
are not half siipplieil at horn ■, and will not l^' f-
years; but there is no doul)t that their e.\'j>irt;iiioii
particularly to Enirland, will b(»come an it.'indf (rn»g
profit and importance. The Hriglish clinjale inunfi
v*M'ablc U) many kinds of fruit; apjjles. penrs, anf
])eaches, especially, being too moi<^t to dov.'loi) an.
m;iture those saccharine juices, on whlcli ius excti
lence so much depends. The regular quotutionof
pears in Tonvent Oarden market, London, is fur p*»ar«
SI to Si per dozen. Peaclies (> to S cents each-
^'rnit culture, like any other business, reijuires to
l)e successful, jmhjriitrnf, infrllijenir, and cixcrgy io
its manaLr<'ment. Noi only must the he^t v;inptii«
bo select(^<l and projx'rl// cultivated, hut a .lUpplv i:
season and onl o| season nnist b<' funiislie*] for ihf
market, and for this a properly constructed sml w"i-
ventilattjd Fruit room or cellar is absidutely n''i'f's»:kr'
Thi} merchant do(.'s not force his jioods te salt' "n i
dull and falling market; but with wise foresight anu
pates th(.' seasonofcom[»arative scarcity, ami nali/-*-'
four-fold profit. S) it must l)e with tho cultiv:itor
Fruit. Apples a few weeks ago were sellin;: «'
SI 25 per barrel, now they will bring that umch^*'
bushel. Winter N'elis, (ilout Mor<-ean. lietirre J'i
remberg ])ears will s(dl now at almost anv yvicf"-

With the view of showing what has been done t^l*
where, and to give som(^ idea id" what /;*'/// hedoncit
Pennsylvania, we have collated below a lew stati'U •
of Fruit culture. One small township in Mv.*^.'^''*''
s(>tts, lias raise<l, the present se;is«»n, 1 b'*<M» hiim':'
apples, which S(dd at an average of ir^'l p^r («'!"
An apple orchard, chiefly of tho Rhode Ishini *•''"'
ing, of one acre, in Wayne county, S>vf \"T-i.f
duce'd, in IS47, 200 barrels (dselectiMl Fruit. An •
or ont> in the same c<,>unty of .^ acres. (>•') tr^r,
Robert L. Pell, of Ulster rounty. New York, ha^ r*^
e<l from 4 to GOOO barrels of Xewtown Pipp'" «P^'/
in one season, whi(di have brought, in New i'^^^
per barrel, and in London, from $10 to $1'- ^■
derhill of New York, has a vineyard on the H" ^
of 20 acres, and sends some thousands of '•^'*'

1«1J

EDrrORIAL.

291

ikea l»y our State Society at its :ip{>r(»acliing
DiCPting. Something of the kind seems re(juired
^rtpci to N«'\v VMrk, and which bring from $(i to $!j
p^r 100 lle^ He thinks tlu're is room for 20 vine-
yards in the same locality as his own The yearly
corwumption of grapes in Paris is said to be ten mil
lions of pounds. C A. Cable, of ( 'h'Vfdand, has an
orchard of P"* < luTry trees, which has yielded in one
year, over $100(1. A farmer near Parby, Pa., has 20
apple trees of two varieties, (.ecui)ying lialf an a<"re,
whiidi have prodnccMJ .iOO bushels, and yifdded a pro-
fit $-2.'). IV J. Hand, of Monroe county. New York,
liaH Hi Id $440 of Northern Spy, and Uoxbury Kus-
(lot. from a single acre. A single orchard in Kockim'--
liiim ceuuty. New Hani|)shir(3, of two acres, produces
anuii'illy, "^on bushels of first-rate winter apples. In
()r;in^n' county, N. V., over $;}(K» worth of jdums have
U'cn s(d<I from one-(piarter of an a(;re. The Roy-
It.. !d-. of Pidaware, hav(» nearly lOOO acres in T)each
trees, and have sent oO(m) baskets in a single day lo
markr»t. and have realized in one year. $20 to ^^0 f)00
clear of expenses. An acre of ground in strawber-
ries witli proper culture, can bo made to yield K)0
bushels. A friend of ours in New Jersey, lias mar.
keteJ in Philadeldhia the }tres(Mit season, over 2(Mi
bushels, at \'2\ to 26 cts. per .piart. The Patent Of-
fir*^ report states that in 1^ fs, in 17 days, 4,072 bush-
els of Mlrawherries were Sold in New York, r)14 bush,
oh 111 a sin^^ie day Over S0,()()() bask«;ts, equal to
833 bushels, and weighing probably 2') tons, were
brought U) the city in one day by the Erie Railroad.
Of ra-^pherries, Charles Powning, nurseryman, near
Newhurg, N. Y., states tliat one of his nei-rhhors

put out, thus makiii- almost inuncdiati! returns. We
have known of a dwari pear tr.-e in Philadelphia
the pr.-sent Heas(.n to have produce<l five to six husli-
els. The cultivatit.n of the ground between the
trees where orchard, are planted, and the planting
of the smaller {nuts, root crops, &,c., will often
ii"l only repay all expr-nses, irjtorest or. lan<l, *lc.,
till the larger tre.-.-, come into hearing, smdi as Ap-
ples, Pears, Plums and Pherrios, but will in many
localities, cover tin; cost of the land also. A full
gr(,wn apple tree will yiold from ten to forty bushels.
Four hundred bushels may b<; considered a reason-
nble estinmte f.jr an acre. We close this artiele,
which is much longer than we intond<Ml, by advising
all disposed to go into tin; fruit business, to pnu^ure
one of Downing's, Thomas', ur Rarry's Fruit Books,
for directions as to h(dection of varieties, planting,
pruning and general nnmagement.

Affrlciiltural CoUeji^e and a Model Farm.

Wo learn from tho American Farmer, that the re-
Muisite funds, $oO,000, have been raised to establish
an Agricultural Department in connection with Del-
aware College, i^claware, and that efforts are now
making "to secure tho services of one id" tho best
Agricultural (diemists in the country, '\as on<! of
the Professors. It is also contemplated to establish
m connection with the same, a model and experi-
mtiital farm.

The State Agricultural Society of Maryland atitfl
hM $:;(»() \v,,rfh fVom one-third (d' an acre, one sea- la e fair, have also adv.)<;ate(i "that a memorial bo
•"11, and iroiii ;; acres realized a not profit of Sl.oOO. addressed to their Legislature f.r the endowment of
P'-y w.'P- of tho true Rod Antwerp. The culture of ^ a Professorship of Agricultural Cliemistry, to bo
Ouo.vdjorries is also very profitable, and we have ! <-otmoeted with St. Johirs Collog.^ Annapolis."-—

Ill , *^ »

•i"inl, tfie present season, of nearly $:J00 worth being ' 'fhe public spirited men of these two states, without
?"Md from little over half an acre. As regards pear reference to party politics, ap[)ear to bo unanimous
' -1 lire, the field is almost wlndly unoccupieil, and an 1 earnest on this HuhjcM't. It seems alr(.'ady secur-
s'.nco tlie introduction (d' the Pear on (Quince; ohviat- • e 1 in Delaware, and there is every proliability that
'ng to a great extent the liability to blight, (»ccupving ' .Maryland and other states will soon follow. Is* P.-nn-

sylvania going to bo b(diindhand? Are our furniers
so far ahead of those north and south (d" them, that
no instruction is needed'/ is tho thoorv an<l jtr;ictico

but httle ground, and making (piick returns, we"^ \Z
Iieve it to be as much, if not more profitaldo than the
others. One of our friend^j in N. Jersey informs us he

t •'. years ago, :iOO dwarf p.ear trees, which i of :i„^ricultur(; in I^ennsylvania already nerH'ct and

pl.iiited uu

;iv.rii;;e,l him this season one peck'each, and at ten

'^'^ apart, they occupy less than on.^ acre of gnnind.

H' do not kno;v wi.at the wholesale pri('o was, but
^« know they were retailed at second hand from Vlh
^^^^cts. each; less than half of this w<MiId realize

are the great fundann'ntal prirndpIcM. win. h lie at
til" root (d all good farming, everywhere and in all
countries, bettor understood here than in our sister
states? Does our land [»roduce its greatest <'apal)ili.
ty, with the least labor, expense* and imj)overis}inient?

\

'"■^ruit business, by the length of time before tho
^^-^ come into profit. This depends entindy on the
*J''mun they receive. Apple trec^s may be t,m or
J2^ve years before fruiting, or they may be made to
Pr^uce a bushel each in five years from the plant-

^- A>warf pears often bear the first year they are

^•J to t le aero, and of course the produr;t will an- I Are our agricultural macdiinory and implements

■'. increase. Many pr^rsons are deterred from more p(.Tfect than cisowliere/' Is our live stock-
tie- r nnt )>ii^;., i . ■ , . . . '

thr(»ugh(»ut the state, cattle, horses, sheep and swine,

poultry, of the best and most improved breeds? Un-
less these questions can all be answered affirmative-
ly, we also need a model and experimental farm,
and an Agricultural Professorship; and it is to be
hoped that some decided action on the subject may

'■IJW

292

EDITORlAr^STATISTICS OF STO( K

by the tunes, and tlie v'xjunple around us. It would
result in a vast amount of ;^ood, to the substantial

StatlstlcN ot S(,Mk in the I nltcd Si^t^,
The following is from the .J. urn a! ci tl I

interests of the state, au^^mcntirif; au;^r«'frate and in- States Agricultural Society, and it c
.i« • 11 1.1 1 ... inter'^st.

dividual wealth, and we cannot think t!i'' necessary

legislation would be refused, it the suhject were well ! , 'f'"^-^'^-^-- ^^" 't should be necessary tn nj^ee ..^
1 t 1 . ,. , I tanner in t i.' iikju on horseback tl,..,. . "

understood, and a suitable report prepared in tho 052 horses in the counti^f^^^

Legislature. As itwould be for the purpose of pnt ting has the honor ol rearing un^l keopin*. nio^^\^''
money into the pockets of theix'orde, not to take it ^'^'^" -^"J other stat(» ; the whoir nnmU r r<>rv!«* 'i^

,325'.

"• reported U
anil

money into the pockets of the jx'ojde, not to take it , t'l'^" :i'iy other stat(» ; the whol. ..uu.ih r roportp
out, the action ot their representative, would be su.s- I !>",?, t,!"!"*'^^; r^''"'"' T'"^.,'-'''^ 4}7,m1|, vJ ^
tamed without doubt at Imme. Att;ul,.d t. a m mI^I Th. inipn.vmn.nt of inur and a hitlf n.iili,,
and experimental f.Lrni of tin- kind w.> allude to, worth ;it Ica^t •S-<>(),(i(in,n(M)Js an (•!,;*. ,.t"" l
there should bo an Agricultural ( "In'oii^t, compotent "**''■'' =^'^'''"'"" t'»;i" it lias liitljerto Ti'rv\\,^,\^^ J^
to analv/.e .soils, for tho b.-n-lit of the farmers of the ' T^ ^^""nty Agrirultural Societies have done .1

, , \, , .,, , . ..' thing, and tl... high price of gnnd animals mnro r,!!

whole st:ito, who might also at certain seasons, visit \ courag<> the breeding and rearing of superior

the different county associations, and deliver lectures sters, and <:-ood horses o\' all work Hio t\

.service rendered lyamajority of them up l.,,', p^
they ou-ht to be ,n this .-ountrv. To {.n-k-ri'^ tlit
lives, ami increase their valu.', their imturaUmti'
const ituti(»n ami diseases most l,e more stu<iie.J an-
better umh'rstood by those tiiat <.\vn and uh' iheni'
We nuglit to <xcel all other miti.,nK in the iiumL.
of fine horses, f'or we possess unequakd udvanta«,

for urooncili"- tlierr! t<> :}r\y /Ir>^;v^|,jp p..|^ ( "

A.SSES -wo Mri.KS.— Of these USefni nni'.nnlo a.

on eci(uititic and practical Agriculture, on ^ieology,
Mineralogy ami Botany, so far as they are connected
with the same, and v>!io should be rcjuireil to col-
lect agricultural stalisllcs and make annual reports,
as to the modes of culture ])ursued in various sections.
The model farm should be the repn^iiory for the re-
ception and cum\aiii>noi ipw ami lorcign [iiants,
seeds, vegetables, &c. \ew imjtlements should be
tested there and reported upon. Kx}terim(Mits in the \ }
culture of various crops shouhl be aeeurately made,
and their adaptation to our soil, climate and relative
profit for particular localities, made pnlibe for tlie
general benefit. Careful experiments should be made
with the \arious improved breeds of animals, the
best and most profitable reare<l, and ]ilaced within

K'se useful animals th^
censu8gnes only 52*I,(M) in ail tli.; States and Terr-
tories. New Mexmo had X,()r>4, and onlv -xoTO horse,
Tennoss^^e is the hirg.-st producer of m'ulrs, renortin-
73:Ji^?> ; Kentucky had (35,009 ; .A la ha ma 08,8% w
eorgia i>t -ot J. j

The gr(.^ving of mules is profitable, and the busi-
ness has bc'cn considerably extcnde<l v.itliin thek
two years.

3In-rH (^(tws. — The number of cows exceeds tb'
estimate that W(^ have had o 'casj " '

•u i. 1 , c^ ,1 i^ ,. .^., . 1 ..1.1 1 . -.1 • ..Mihcu I (tvvs. — 1 lie numiier 01 cows rxceeifs fh.^

best and most lirofitabie reared, and idaced witiiin ..• . 1 , , , . 'Antusic-

' ,,••,.. estimate that we have had o'casioii to make of th;«

the reach of purchasers, who couM vi-.t the farm, i-jj^.i of farm sto<-k, in all the states except New

and obtain reliable information as to their respective , V^rk. where the returns are below what we expect-

merits. This \^ould be a very valuable feature of it
The model farm should also (•ont.iiu an arb<»retum
of our own and foreign plants, trees and shrubs, oj)(>n
at all times to the j)ublic, and scientifically arranged,
and also sht»uld have an ex})(^rimental ground for
testing the different kinds of fruit, and their adapta-
tion to our soil and climate. The experiimmtal gar-
den of th(^ Horticultural Society of London, coi^tains
*)0i) vari(3ties of fruits, and upwards of 1500 liave
been tested there.

Without consultation with any one, it strikes us,
these are some of the benefits to bo attained by leg-
islative action on the subject of agriculture and the
establishment of a model farm, and we much hop(3
the present session of our legislature will not close,
without the initiatory st(»ps being taken to bring it
about.

PouLTiiv AND Eocis. — Fowls Hkc! th(! warm south-
ern aspect, where they can hmldh; together in the
sun during the middle of the day. Provide them
such a place, and plenty of food, such as corn, bar-
ley, wheat, cobmeal, mixed with S(>alding water or
hot potatoes, with occasional feeds ot the flesh of
young calves, plucks of sheep, and constant access
to pure water, gravel, old mortar, oyster orclam sh« lis
and bones, all broken finely, and they will yield eggs
in abundance through the cold weather.-iV. E. Farm'r.

od from the number given by the State census of 1845
The wh(de number of cows in the I'nited Stotes tw:
vears ago. was <», 01)1,040. Of these New Vurk ha
0:V1,:^)24; Ohio. .^44,400; Pennsylvania, 530.224, aD.
Georgia, :]34,2l2:j.

Cows differ more in value f )r milking purp'»«0'«t!;r
is generally supposed. Thousands fail to )i;iy ttr
wav, and are a ]iositive tax on their owners; vrh:
a first rate milker yields a large profit on \\v t'
consumed, IIow to banisli all indifferent and u r"
less kinds, and fill their]»l'iees with superior animah. (
is a ([uestion for tln^ intcdligent growers of n»'at stoci |
to consider. P(dcrioration is praeti('e(l l.yahundp
farmers wln^re im]trovement is duly studied by nrr
As a general thing, cows ami tindr offsprini^nm^t'-
better kept before any decided change for tli'' I'Cttfi
is attaina])le. High tpiality in ancestral hi o^ id avail' ^
nothing in the veins of a starved ealf. A\'ithnutgooi|
keeping the breeds of stocks are ntt<Tly werthless.

WoUKiN(; Oxen and otiikr Oatti.k.— AVe arenc:
informe<l to what age 3-oung steers must attain b^
fore tiiey are e-ntitled to rank as "working nxen;"^'
whether, in case they have n<n-er been subjecW^d ^
the yoke, they are excluded, no matter wliattbflTl
years, from the catalogue? of "working cattle. '
suspect that entire uniformity in reporting "\^'i'"U.
oxen" and "other cattle," has not been observed »
ail the states. He that as it may, the latter uum^ ;
l<t.'2(')r),lS0 ; while the former are set down :it 1.^^'
201. By adding together the milch cuw>, ^^ •^'^i^
oxen and other cattle, it will be seen that tii' le-
gato of neat stock was 18,355,387 head. New m

IS-S

f 1

STAT1STI(\S (M S4()(K -\RW YORK MILK lltADi:.

293

contains nearly threr' times as many oxen as Ohio or
jVnnHvlvania. New \ mk has ITS, 000; Oliio, (;.'),;;si ;
jVniifylvania. 01..VJ7 : Missouri, 1 1 !,'J(W, wlindi pla-
,,^3 llie latter ne\L to New '^ ork in thi> kin<l of stotjk.

Sh-ine. — It is pretty evident that many Ann'riean
fiiriiKTH think more cd hogs than of >hec|,, for their
Ji,.i;s out number their sIkm'p by nearly t( n miriions.
This is a singular fa«'t. and in the ju(i;j;ment of many,
indicates a l>a lly cultivated state which so greatlv
prtd'tTS the flesh of swim-: tn that of siieej>, to sav
tiotliing (d' the superiority of wool to jiair. Over
tliirv ni llieii li 'gs, ( ■JO,."-; I "), T 1'.' j are asufficient stock
tu jeiiiiei- p,,rk and bacon making as it really is, a
verv inipertant l)ramdi of Aim-rican husbandry.
IVi'mess-e takes the lead in this department, keeping
nearly 1""" limes more? swine than sheep. Of the lat-
ter, the ceioiis ^rivcs her only Sll,.V,)l ; l)ut of hogs
8fio claims .'..1 I U 1 1. Kentu'cky has L*,^') 1 , 1 1),'.. hi-
dianaisabad Mf(>liio in the pi;r line, haviii"- li,l20><.-
77t» : N\!Mle Ohio is content with 1 ,!*(')4,77i>.

Valik or Lr. i: Stock. -The value id" li\e stock in
the I'liited States is relurneil at S.") i;;.,si:il.7 1 1 . 01
this large vum. \ew York cdaims .^7.".,o7<>,400 : Ohio,
$44,111,741, and Pennsvlvania, $ H ,r)no,or)3. If
^^•'Hddtbe v,l.:. '• - *• : ;_ ^ : ...Icments and
machinery, tu that of farms, the whole investment

i> found t<» he $ '..O02,:;o;;,:;or). if to this be added

the usual nicrease of two vears, and the e>!i!nate(i
value of til' slaves engage*! in agricultur(>, tlie whoh'
ameunts to five billions, or five thousand millions of
dollars.

I ;

New York Milk Trade,

The number of tanners engaged in the milk busi-
n<"S.s, according tu the New York Kvening iV.st, to
whcih the following facts are due, is ]i;ile"'over ;;<ii>,
and the numii r df cows nossessed by thcni a litth-
•ivernine loiiidred. Thes'e, at fifteen dollars each,
\vill come to $135,000, and the h-nd necessarv lor
their support, (d" three acres to an animal, 'will
iimount to twenty-seven thousand acres, d'he value
of horses engaire.l in the distribution of th.e milk, \%
f'rty-five tfi ousaud «Iollars ; the horsrs connected
"'til the traiis|M,rtation of countrv milk alone, trav.d
•filly twice ;ts far as fVoni X.'York to Liveq).„d.
i»ei-o are three hundred wagons worth a hundred
d'dlars each, d'en tliMusand cans are used, valued
;it S,J;),0t)O. The loss for w.'ar and tear of those
Hgreat, and estimated at al, .ut ii\,j per cent, on the
praht of sales.

Two hundred and fifty companies and single deab
"8 are estimated to receive milk from the country,
sell from 200 to GOOO .piarts daily. Manv hotel res-

aurantsand boardin- h-u-e. uiake contracts with
tne farmers, and get their milk fnuu them directly at
tiir-'o and f.ur cents a.piart. TheMuu paid f.rpure
"I'lk la,t vear in \ew York, was over one; million
♦■';?'i hundred thousand dollars; about onedburth
-MMuch was paid for the water with which it was
^'lutea. The amount of the milk and water was
^x'ut thirty-one milfn.ns and a half .luarts, and
wor? one hundred and roriy-..ix thousand dollars

'^^'- paid for transporiine- it

thinl^'^f 'l'^^ '"'"" ^P"^'"'' "^ comprises about one-
counr n '^^^'"^^^ consumed, and is called piue

thp 1"^ ' ^^^^ ^^t'^<-^ two-thirds are composed of

« produce and Hwill of the grain stables of New
fedi«fi?. th^' vicinity. The number of cows thus
tv.fi, ^^^° thousand. Their value is less by twen-
drv«^ P%cent. than country cows; but after being

J ^na tatted, if not enfeebled by the disease so

incident to su-di catth'. they willhrin- nearly aMnnndi
It IS said, as grassded eatl"le, and are prid)ablv serv-
<^d uj> at tabh's with no suspicion <d their history.
Ihe cows fed on ei;,,i, ;i,id swill are estimated to be
worth one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and,
tieoi-h pioportiomilly less in vabn-, vield a profit
ahout two-thirds gr.aler than that reuli/e.ion the
sale of the pure country article, ddie swill mdk is
adulterate. 1 ahout one-fioirlh niure than tluM-ountry
"iilk. Tlie nuinher <d .piarts daily produced by
tlu'se estahli-.hinents. w hich undei-c,", -t reniarkablu
"X'rcase in the liands of the hmd.sters, may be esti-
mated at one hiindre<l and (dghty thousand (juarts
daily. This is three millions s ven hundred tln.usand
yearly ; whi(di, at f »ur and !i-half cents, amounts to
nearly three millions of dollars.

fhe nuin})er of persons one way oraiutther engac-
od in the distribution of this milk in New York, Wil-
liamsburg and ders.-y City, maybe set d<.wn at tw(dve
hundre(l, at weekly wages of ahout six dollars ea(di.
Horses conn M't'd with it are about eight hundred.
Worth eighty thousand dollars; and wagons, cans,
klc, one hundj-.'d tliou-^and dollars mor*'. The tot il
value ol cart-, horses, cans, other utensils ami cows
m cus aii;; uwuntry, concerned in the pioiUicl and
distribution fd bt»th kinds of milk is estimated at
TKMidy si.x humlred thousand dollars. The total an-
nual receipts from its sale may be reckoned at six
millions, as f(dlows :

Pure country milk, ... - $;l,;j50,000

Pure swill milk, 2,55(),()nO

Water, chalk, magnesia, molasses, itc, 1,1250,000

:^r),<),3»),000

The la^t item s]i(»ws an ininK'Use sum paid f »r wa-
ter, tlough it i- ccmmonlv ech'hrated as the free gift
ot liea\eM. If to thi> be adde(l what is paid for ie(»,
and hv the inhaliitant s id Xew \(ud; lor the ('roton
it will be f..un<l tliat few arti(des are more expen-
sive than water, eoveririL: th aiLdi it ]■»•- three-fourths
"i" t hi' -urfaei' df the earth. In it- -inipl" >tate, the
lar'jest amount (d'milk is eonsume.l bv infants and
children; and wlien its deleterious miture is consid-
ered, their extraorilinary mortality can excdte no
Wonder. Ibit the great proportion (d th" milk sold is
pridiably u>e(l in co(d<ery and the manufaetur<' of
confection^- ; id' which there is an immen-e con^iini];-
t'eUl, especial! V ill the suiuiuer. ()lieof the lari'i^st
saloon- in N"W \ ork is reputed to ha\ e (•oii\ rrted
fire hundi-eil (juarts into ice cream in a single day
last summer.

On tin; whole, the million and a rpiarter annually
paid f tr tlm water, molasses, chalk and niagne-,ia
mingled in th;- tliaig, for so it then Itecomes, is prol)-
ably laid out at a better bargain than the tw(» mil-
lions and a halffir the product of the ^^vijl.

An Intelligent Horse. — Some years ago, the cit-
izens of Centreville, Indiana, were often amusetl by
the conduct <d" a h(jrse, when, with others, he was
turiu'd into the barn-yard lo be watered. (One <iay,
approaidiing the trough, and finding it empty, he
seized the pump handle, U) tin; surprise of the wit-
nesses, b(itween his teeth, and j)umped water suffi-
cient for himself and the otluT horses. Having thus
be;j;un, he was allow(id, when so inclined, to wait
upon himself and companions afterwards. l>ut it
was observed that he alw^ays drove the other horses
away until he had quenched his own thirst, after
which he pumped for the rest.

1

»J *

WiA

294

C()K\ SIIKLLKR.

'^^^lART

I85.r!

BKKS— STKAWHIKIMKS

o ( 1 r

!:'.»:)

^-" ^— ■''■ *•' - -^ '-*-'■■-

coHx siil:i.li:i<.

The accompanying: oncrravins: ropro«;ont'^ a Corn
Shell T in von tod by William Iv'a'linir, of FI'MiiiiiLrtMn,
N. Y., and fur which h' ohtaitit'd a patiMil l.'.th <•!'
July last. Thi' ah 'V'' i^ a sot'tinnal vi"'\v h'ii'j;r!i\vi'>".
n is a tiMithcd cvliii h'T 7} inches in <liatn('ti'r and a-
l)()Ut '1 tof^t Ion.:, and is placod in tho ccntn' of an
iron I'viindric il casinir n, !•') inclifs in dianiot<'r and
4 feet loriij:;. This cylinder and casinL!; arc snjiportcd
in a franit' in a horizontal {position. TIkto is a s|)aco
of ^onio .'U iindics ovcrv where between the outer sur-
face id the shellinii^ cylinder and the inner surface cf
the casin;^ wh;ch makes room tor the free action of
a mass of corn whih* it is operateil ujion 1)V tlie cyl-
inder. The corn '< admitte(l into the machine tln\ nirh
a good sized lioppcr a, placed at the end over the
driving pulley d, where there i< a piece cut out to ad-
mit it. An aperture is left at .the opposite^ end, at the
riwini' side ut the shellin;!: c\ lindcr. tlirou"-h wliich
the cobs are discharg'^l, the size of which openin;^:
should be varied accordin;.; to the condition of tln^
corn to b^ shelhMl. This is rea<lily done by a piece of
sheet iron, or stiff leather, beinj]: fastened bv one end
to the machine, and allowin'j; the other end to be
turned, more or less, over the aperture as the case
may require. The proper rate of speed for the cyl-
inder is seven or eii^ht hurvlrt^d revolutions per min-
ute, murtli less speeil will not answer, and too much
will break the i^rain: there are four rows of ttv'th n.
standing three-eighths of an itich out froin the surface
of tho cylinder n, and set \h inches apart in the row,
each row winding one-forth the way round it, '^hich
carries the cobs out of the sheller. An opening is
left in the bottom of the casing from end to end, in
which is placed a small toothed cylinder c, upon

which the corn falls and is carried out of tli^ casing
through a small space upon ea(di side of it. sllffici('n^
ly largo to allow shelled corn to pass, hut to prevent
the cobs: it is turne(l slowlv. bv the -^earin;:; f aud/.

This cvliuder mav 1)C dispensed with, aid slets (cut

• *" *' 'ill

in the bottom of the case half an inch wide ana 4
inces apart, running oiu^-fourth the way round the
case) may be substituteij, which will discliaru''' the
corn.

The principle of this (-urn Sheller consist?, in op-
erating upon a large nniss of corn at the sam*^ tlm^
with the whole surface of the shelling cyliii'lrr; and
keepin.: the largest portion of this mass alun^' tn^
ascciKJing side of" tlic cvlinder, which forms an el^^-
tic, 8elf-a<ljusting bi>d ior the cylinder to operate a-
gainst, and using no rest of any kind, (other than
that found by tin* ears an<l (M)bs,) ai>'l as the 8pac«
between th(^ cylinder and casing is large, it^ivesfm
plav for the c"ars of corn to l)e properly adju.sted by
it, making tiie action fre.> from any stationary iMTUO-
tio!i to the ears; and their own gravity the principal
resistance to its action; consequently it ^^'H ^^
much longer and run lighter than any other corn
sheller in use, considering the rapidity with w»i^
it performs its work. , , j

This ma(;hine is capabh' .d' slclling ^^,^^''-'';'^''"
corn per hour with one horse power. Th-^ f'!^^' ^
corn are thrown promiscuously into the 'j''PPt^[^
with scoop shovels or baskets, ami it ^^f*^^^"'^' *^/|^jj,^
them without regard to their size, and ^^^**'^'J''^'^L,pj,
cobs separate from the shelled corn without brea
cobs or corn. . ,

jJ^^This machine mav be obtained at the .-^f^^ .
tural Warehouse, West Chester. See adverUseinc

Fall aiitl ^^ inlri >Iana^tiiitijt o( llf*;s.

Your weak swarms that have not honey enough to
n»w tlio \V niter, mu-t be ted, (»r joined with other
tAmilit'-*^- Fc(;d tiicui in any manner you please to
effect the end desired. If your families are all rath-
er nhert of honey, you had l.ett(»r feed all at (mce.
This i« etfected by a trough, or bn\ mile tight, say
IS inches long, by t) wide, and 4 deep. The honey
(.r8}rup ut sugar, is poured into this trough, and cov-
ered witii a //(>^/^ or light board lilhul wiih -mall
holes, or sawed throu;:h from eriij to end as n»any
times as can be, with the interstices, cut out du a bev-
el with a k'lilc, to a'lmit tic honey to jias- up. West
lti'h:i h"iicv is the only article to Icc.j, unjc^^s you
US' br'^wii .<ugar. This honey is w^rtli 7o cents por
L'alleti. au'l weighs about I J pouicls ((» the ^ration.
i; iv K,'|a in all hirge towns. Ilall homv and half
Mil Mr iiia!\c a i^uod leetl. Any cheap (// // su ""ar will
do. I'll! uiw: honey and sugar into a pot, or ketth*,
with a (jiiart ot water to about sexcn pwund- of su-
pir, ari'l tc it t(» a bailing point, skim, ami it is readv
tor u«*c. l>j the same it the su;.Mr is u>e,i without
honey.

If y« u cannot g 't hon'-v easily, vou should U'i^d
lij;htly on sugar alone, as the wat^r is likely to eva:*-
erate '" ^h- - el!c .if>.,r q while, au 1 vl. -iigar to har-
den ill ilcni, con.-eqiiently feeding syrup of sugar in
the sjtriiig is nnndi more desirable than in tic j,il!.

It you h.ivc large sheets of emptv coinlis, yu c;iii
feofl very well !,y warming your feed, and turning it
from a pitcher n[..,n the comb till the cells are filled.

Wlmn honri/ is fed alone, or with sugar, there is
(lan^^erof setting all your bees to rabbin-; hence, be-
fore you feed, you must contract the entrances to your
hive so as two or three bees can pass at a time; and
if" the families are weak, so that but one can pass.
\(>u should contract the entrances, however, in Sep-
toraher, whether you feed ur not, to prevcaiL rtdjbing,
but not too close.

A.S feeding should generally be done in Oidober.
those who have not done it should lose no time. Take
the tir^t warm, pleasant days, and feed as nnnh as
yuu can, 1:1 the shortest tmie, so as not to disturb the
bees any Linger than is necessary. Vou can feed
th.iii irwui the c/i(imhc)\s, or umU'V parti tit/dr hives if
you pKase, and leave such as have honey enough unfed.
I •••ding Nudcr the be 's is done by rais'ing the hive up-
on a hex to lit its tiize. Then place the fcfvl on the

stand, within the box, it bcin;^ ,,pen at ti)p and bot-
tom. " ' '

Joining two Weak families is a good plan, when
one hive lia> Icney en(.u-!i to winter on. The ad«li-
tion of anutlier laniily \m11 not reduce its stores oHe
|'>t, strange, as it nniy appear, as bees consume less
than halt the feed \\h n in iar-;e numb.'rs that thev
ao m small numbers, ha\ing tu consume nuu-e food to
l^^'<'p up vitalitv.

'Id " • •

ine manner of joining is as follows: — Alxmt the

nrst of Occciiibrr, ^.i- ;^^ ^,„,„ .^^ jj. ;„ obvious that the
wees wdl not h^ae tlcir hives mu.di, take the m<»^t
iinmcrous family and )dace it over the ueak.r one at
evenmg, the latter being turned bottom up. I'hen by
rappnigthc lower hive with a rod the bees will ascend
anu Join tho.se in tiie upper hive, and il thev refuse
0 leave rapidly, a littie smoke applied Indow to pass

'^''j«>'i;;htl;em, will give theiu a start.

^ 'y _^'«'ilars will answer to wuuer bees in, and any

Y>',^iry upper room, but an outer box to cover over

'^';^^V^" the passage cut to correspond with the

passage in the hive proper, is the hesi pro'ecti(>n we

now of. Or you may take haij or straw and sur-
rv^uud your hives ao that the bees may be well ventila-

ted, leaving their entranics open and the hives raised
a little tr«»m the floor boards, llcn darken the pa^isages
with anything he|,,re tliem, so that the light shall not
enter and attract the bees but in mild,suniiv weath-
er, and yai can winter your l)e< s in perfect safety. —
Jill I at i\ ( w J 'orkcr.

I*rimcss Alirc >Iaud .Sli aw luir >.

AV e extiMct ])el(,u- (V.>m tlic reports of tic Ameri-
can IVan ilw;j;i( ai Swciety, some aecinnit ol this Straw-
berry, wliitdi would appear to be well worthy <d' at-
tention, l-'iuni some cause the nn-rits (d this fruit,
have we think Immmi overlooked. In l)ownin"'s and
Thomas' Fruit Hoidis, we cannot find it mentioned,
and in Barry, "that it is a very large and iiandsome
Kngli^h variety, very firo^luctive, but of inflifferent
flavor." We have fruit<'<j it f tr twt* or three* years,
and find it of very large size, and the flavor vri/ (/(hhI.
The l]c.->li is ratl.-'r firm, and it has always seemed to
us, line 1,1 our very desirable kinds, forgeneral cultiva-
tion, and have not been al»le to understand, why it is
not more known An enthusiastic Strawberry grow-
er in h'laware, aj»preciates it ns we do, and has liad
the like success. It is probable that as with the
"Bhck Prince," soil and climate affect its (piality.
It ripen^ in \ irginia eight d.iys before Ilovey's s<'ed-
ling. ^V(; think it much before tlii> latter in I'cspect
to flavor, and lioj)e it may have furtlcr trial.

Nl RSERV .\T LiNNKW 1 1 I i.I,, ;iCV/7- iVd.shl H>/tn)l, |

August ;ilst, is;VJ. I
.Mr. doHV Sk.vtkr, — ,\t a .Meetin<r of the Commit-
te(» of the l*omoloe;i(al t'ongress heM yesterday, I
was directed hy tlcm to re(piest (d' you any facts
with re;j:,Lrd to vour Alice .Maud Strawl)errv, that it
may be c(Uivenient for v<mi to furni>h. Vou will please
to mention the time it was imported, ami w here fr(un
— your LCn 'ral suceess in (uiti\ation — how many
days in a^lvam.-e (d Ilovey's Sm' lling it is generally,
in tin' same soil and exposure — wdiat is the ditference
in size of your best specimens of eacdi — how many
b'Tries to the (piart from your best crops — what has
l)e('n the best yield to any given (juantity of ground -
how have vour plants stood the (dimate — how affect-
ed by the hot sun of summer and the severe frost of
winter? To this you will a<ld your method of tmlti-
vation. Yours, trulv,

JOS'lllA riKlK'K.

Mk. Jo.nuia ririiCF. : —

i>ear sir,- -"^'our note was duly
received. In answer to your in<juiries concerning
my .Mice Maud Strawberry— first, you wished me to
mention its jaulls. 1 answer, none to my knowledge.
'Jd. When iiiij.ort. d, and who from Z .Mr. \\illiam
Ibirrat, ot Wakefi-dd, Yorkshire, Kn;:laiid. in the fall
cd 'do and spring (d '4b. .'hi. How many days it ripens
earlier than Ilovey's See<iling, on the same soil an-l
exfM)sure'/ <^i an average of eight days. dth. My
success in cult !\ at ion ? I ha\e mi>.>>e(i no crop sint t»
J commenced ci;Iti\ aiiiie; it; I bidieve it t(» be a surer
cropthai any V ir ty I am ac pi liiit 'd Mi'h. .'»t}i.
The ditference in si/.(i Z I eanmd say I am sati>fied ;
for size and (piantity Alice will beat Ib^vey's Seedling
or any other variety 1 have seen, two to one. Notc,l do
not sav but that a few fruit might be jdcked out of
llovey''s Seedting as large as Alice Maud; 1 speak of
the crop in generaL Oth. Given (quantity ? 1 do not

m,

a-rf-t. "* m n%^ >»L^#S#te|

ll^M^^^^^Ajii^S^

-^^^ftii'iispSswfe;

290

STRAWBKKKIES-TAnLK-SIIKEP.

know that my crop was more suporior tl.o past noa-

fj^Ui'f l'T"'*;'k' ^'""^ *' pitH3o of ground nu-nsur-
HJg (H) feet h.y 1 i^>, wo picked, on May l>(irh, almut
lo quart!.: on the 28th. !;;() r,»urt^; yiay;jlHt 400
quarts; June 2d, 250 .pnuts; June 4th, about' 200-
Jimo (,th, a .out the s.un. (,uantity ; at thin time we
Mit!ered with .h-..u-ht whirh 1 shouM think eut the
crop one-f.,urth short to what mi;;ht have been e.xpee-
tod. l-rom be-.nnin-to end we pieked fruit inan
the same -;round for three weeks; fn.nj \\{) to 40 (its
was the last pickin- 7th. H,»w it stan.Is thoeh'mate'^
I have never seen Ali.e injured in th.> h-ast ?,v wint.T
roMts, an. 1 know of no strawberry that stands the
heat and drou.<^ht as well. 8th. M.:<le of euhivatio,, >
niien convenient, pn-for sprin^^ pla,,,;,,;;. 1 .l.tnt
my plants from S (o l-in.h.. i,, f l' • r,.u-< .M.d A in
d.esb.tw...n ,!,.. ....vs. I . .ri.n p[:, ,. r )...;. .,.„ Trops

^umm.T, keep them rlear uf u. ..].. m.p! <To,.,,fr ll,:^
r.nners as fa^t as they uKikv: x\^. foliowin- sjM-in-^ I
throw m snm. kind<,f tra^h to k^.j. Ih- C-,,' f,:,u
he^.roun.K 1 ann.Ts' },ark is the ni.,>L e.nv.nieMt
turn-that I ean procure; it apjK^arn to answer the
purpose very well.

lours, with res:po^.f^

Jniix slati:r.

Table

Showing the munber of trees required to pl.nt
acre of land, from ten to fitly feet apart: *"

Feet.
10

1 1
12
\\\
14

ir,

17
IS

L'O
21

2.'J

KACII WAY.

24
2')
2<*)

1!7
28
2!)

:]0

Trees. - F(»et
435 } 31

KAril WAT.

4(
((

t<
((

t (
*(

4.^

*<

«(
<(
((

((

((
(<

41
<<

l(
(<

<I

«t

((

(.

tt

k(

t(

(<

«(
((
{(
t<
l(
it

45
43
40
37
3o
32
31
30
2«
27
2i;
24

—\

21
20
ID
18
18
17

iv^^,:^^f^:

Frvnch Merinu Sheep.

The importance of Improvinfr our flocks, ou'^ht to
attract the attention of every man in America who
nnderstands the meaning of the word improvement,
those who do not understand its meanino-, will still
continue to shear those little scrubby animals called
sheep, with bare bcllys and hairy backs, ^..ttin^r
fleeces wei^Hiin;r at most, not over two and a-half lbs"
on an ayerage, and of a quality almost as worthless
nsthat which a certain notorious character obtained
at the shearino; which ^-ave a jrreat cry hut little wool
lo those who delight in reading what impiovcment
has done, we commend the following letter:

^'Believing the subject of wool growing worthy of

some attention, I take the Ii))erty to sendyr.ii a wocd
cut engraved from a daguerrotvpe view of' a proupof
Fren.'h IMcrino Sheep, lately 'imported by WilJiaro
Clmmberlain of your city, and myself.

The buck Mafrhless represented, is three years old,
find weighed on the first of March last, 201 pound.^.
His fleece, sheared last June, of one year'? growth,
(after sufT.'ring the usual loss on thesea vovape,) ^'^-^
twenty pounds tvvfdve ounces. This buck I corpidf'f
equal to any that I saw while in Franco : and a-^ to
thickness and fineness of fleece, shape and constitu-
tion, he is acknowledged, by all who have examined
him, to be equal to any of the breed.

SIIKKP, &c.

tiou ; l>i»t my expiTiencc w n h tiiyiii iim
me to the cih !
(liniirv k'-'plii.'j;.

iilifd

\Vl M»l

r are

hi.h

ads' will Nii'M a-iiiiirli (.i- more wool m proyxirtioii to their

11 till i\'' \\.ll ni, (,r- si/"an'l i-.osL oi kr.-pin<^, tlian tlio-e und'T (-(.iisidcra-

tno »o the cniirli;-ion t liat i ln'V \m ...•■,,, r 1 lie x

'"^ ^^ 'I'jp.y r.^ionv nothinz ino.v t!,an a tion. ;>omo lew nnprovd i|,,ckH ot th>- old Spanish

p,n'l I'.l-'llf

(liinu'j: t lio NuniiU'T '~r,i-' 111

fork, \\i!i p.TJiap^ i-MiMpare lavorably NNitli tlirni fur

;. ',' ;:,|,lh- n...- iTi.- i.ast s-a^on. n-'ilher do 1 in- the prolitable pro.lueiion oi wool ; but the variety to
I! d to th.' yr.- Ml. Th.v :ire well adai^.M to our wln.h 1 have more part„ularn|-renee are known
^1 nt^^lnd will!.. n-exiH,;uiv to Morn... ■Mwally^ a^ tho>i!eMan Mermo.. el wh..;h 1 send yon a eul
:.^^e.,.,.ii. t e .oun.rv. A ,, -rt.on M' onr aiel will send yoo a ,o...pnon lor .Mu.inM.re lunn-
. twee lunldoir topa.tup.alioi. .lea..n..and, I.t of rnKlV..u. 1 nu -; wailed our ivneh slevp
: t;. to their winter ./narters lookm, remarkably ^ this year, an alter shearing, -11 send you t.e Je-
well: having iKtl i-o .holter Inun tie- storms dunng| Hul^^-//- l"v^. ^»-- ^^' »'»'•'••
thesuininT. I should beunwilliu-tosay that I be- l^c.-^ Wc^Lmin^t'T, \ t.

lievcd Ihe French she.'p greatly snp.rior to all other

Ciroup (d' Si!esi;«n Slieej*.

cheap Ua^li ler ( oltages ot Wood. |

For the outside ,.{ v.i.o.]cn eottag-^s, barns, out
)«uiMin<;;s, fences, kc, where ec(.nomy i- importtmt.
t)ie f(dlowin<^ wash is recommended :- —

Take a clean barrel that will hold water. Pot in
it half a bushid of fresh quick-lime, and slake it by ^
])')uring over it boiling water sufficient to cover it 4
or 5 inches deep, and stirring it till slacked. j

When quite shucked, dissolve in watT aiel aild -
lbs. sulphate of /.ine. (xshit • vitriol) whicdi may be
had at any of the druggists, and which, in a few
weeks will cause the whitewash to harden on the
wood-Wv)rk. Add sufficient water to bring it to the
consistency of thick whitewash. This wash is of
course white, and as white is a color which avc think
Khould never be used, except upon buildings a good
deal surrounded by trees, so as to prevent its glare,

we would make it a fawn or drab coh.r before nsing

it. , . 1

To make the above wash a i^leasiuL' oream color,

add -l n«s. vellow ochre.

For tawn iolor, take 4 lbs. umber, 1 II.. In.lian red,

and 1 lb. lampblack. , , i n

To make the wash gray or stone color, add 1 lbs.
raw nmb' r and 2 lbs. lampblack.

Tie' e-lor niav be put on with a common white-
wash brn^h. and xv ill be found nnel, more durable
than common whitewash, as the sulphate of /mcsets
or iiard. 'lis the whitewash.— .V. E. Culhra!nr.

AViNTER Feeding.— Stock when fed during winter m
well protected stable-sheds, etc., will consume one-
fourth less food than when exposed to the inclemen-
cy of the weather.

,f s , 1 ' ft;

298

ABORTION IN flOWS.

FrooaJourna, of Koyal A^U-uUura, S<.K.t>,., ..Barlow. V. .., Ed

tndurK VfUriuary ('oJleRe.
PKIZU i:SSAV~«,.N AIIOKTION IN (.>UM.

[fONCLllJED FROM 1>A(;e 270.1

C()mm,.n«'OH in ., ^"/^'i^^' ^'^•'•^ ^^'»''" abortion „ncu

.'..•uUn inside ui!ll:rNvMr'r'''''^' ''"■'•'''^
meiiiUor Mi..f t» • • """I'^trs. » inlst \v«' must rc-

iiiLiuoer tnjit tiii8 is not inviri-il.l*- fi.

r 1 I, ,, ,, „.„|,||,j, ,,, ,.,(.,1,1, sll its .■oMlM-inU-

us on ,n,ro<hKM„« un ani.Mal or aMin.al' . , .j

^\itn a Uksojiso Mmonir i>o.|)fi,v .n ■ •

Hcitu Dy till' same di.soa.se.

tons ir , " ;' {"■'•-•'■I'"'''''' -aWliu arresting ex- ,

tensions oi tJic maia(l\'. ^

connected « ,tl, the siek, are first affectea. ^

fectd «?;;„:"?: ,;;rdrnf '"""•'■; ^'■,"''''" """-

Mr., .i: 1^ »« nio\ do not mix with t im^.> whirh

ren^^r* '"^"'"""S "''^t iilMTtio., i„ i„ ordinary uoeur-

" ' .n lition.s hnrv laid down a., nrovin- tlio clririr
"-•i dis.as.s to h. ...nta^i.us/ For ca . t t
J ';-itosho.Mhatwl..non.M,rtw<>cowsina 0^^

<^ari> separation uf tho.o ^u-^i nhnruivr f^inn uthor^

tor Il^^ho^^T'"' f''' considerations to he en-
ter irsomoH; -n 7"^'^-'<'^'' ^^'^^ •'^^^"me, that nnit-
diffasod ^' ''' ^'^'"'' ^" minutHy and invisihly

dttused in a gaseous condition, e,nanatin<^ Imn, a
iHeased annnal, passes to some ahsorhin^ ^,r -tee in
ho body of a healthy one, and ther. h.oim n'r.r
t ler deveh)ped, produces dis.^ase also. W. thi.rk \l
trongest advocate of contagion, in the pr , i .

ftance IS not prepared to assert that thi di.cd ar e
incident to aborti(m can he transm.tt.d from he ho J v
of one cow to another in the ordinary eourse ohin.^ '
can l^rdlv '""'^K'^^^^^^^-- ->nM he effected, wo'

thereby. It is, however, said that the odor att Mi.lmt
upon these discharges, on boing sm.lled by e an
cows, causes them to abort. But surely this C,
cannotact directly upon the uterus, for tliis Z, ga n

ly acute in 1^'r^' *"7'T' ^^'^'^'^^^^^ are especial-
ly acute in detecting, by the sense of smell, when '

one of their eoinp.cMions has ealved, cuIht , ^

nrelyor at the lull time of gestation '7"';

;tk.^ plan; in the pasture, th. r.w^ will r.i , '/'''^'^

tho loeahty at the tim., aiul l.r .oa, ; , V'"^

weeks subs.<pi..Mt!y. will visitand sm^li at ^V'^

<l''f;ree of apparent curiosity and pl.usun I, '^''^

;'alve 1,1 th. house, other cows a,' at once a v "''^

the fact, as is shown by their looking aLu': '^

snuffing their noses, and by makii.^ tJ | „ ^^

noise „sm:i!1v uttere<l towards ,h.|r .Zu T^^'^r

so, .Mf.n-.M.ng to notice that if a cow at or no J'Y

I fnJ tune of gestation, calve am .ng a uuml" ri''

pregnant e.,mpanions, several ..!• U.,..n ."l \'^

'•nngi.rthth..,rvouogvepy..,,,,r,..Pwan dt^^^^^^^^

p'lr-s.' tiKU theiiMim . of p;unui-it.on woulV h, :
b-n d..r,.,l ,„.tead of ., .lo.ely eorn., ,, ?

^;;<'mg then that n.ws are awar- ol the p: rtun ii

''V'^'^'^f''^'"--' '"-'>" they i.vomes!"^;;;^

""t'^-H.g them at the time, and lor vari.e/s rl .
reasons, we believe that the organ of m H j ' j

c'KUiuel or m..lium through whirii the imprest
sense is .•onimunieatcd. I'^Mtiior

It n. mains, th.>n. to inquire wheth-r the sensation
P-:l^'-;ll'Vap.vulia.-smelh.,-od..r ean, by ; "

;:^^;-''''^' --^" •— ' 'i'-. l>4irato;

us snort in.pury (an 1 a. iihistrarmg the kind of a '
t'-n towlneh we^vould^e(W.),ve m:iVol,..rve that
'";''V^""";^J»'"<b', weoftenlinda cause of .li'^ease
a.-ts through one part of the .ystem upon another
lor instance, a person witli an irritably constitutod
stoma^'h iss(azed with nausea or vomiting on smell-
ing a p -euliar odor or on se.dng some disgustin- ob-
,)ect: her., ti.e eye becomes first c .gnizantof a clause
which operates subse.piently upon the stoinael,. A
person with irritable bowels b^vonr^s allccted with
purging on "taking cold," or fnmi having wet f-.t
Her.' cold, as a .-au^e, a,.ts first on the .'xtenial Mir-
hice, and operates subsM.jnentIv on tic b.nveKs Al-
most every aniniil has some part of the body more
susccpt.bh. than the iv.t, and specially liable on
that account to becom" affected by tic- rauses of dis-
ease. _ On this depends the difference oi eon^titutina
seen in the human being, and also in tic lower aai-
nials. At the same time, w.^ must n'memher th.it
the various ,,rgans of the body, wh.Mi in a state of
health act in obtMlience to certain stimuli ; air i< the
stimulus to part of the respiratory action, an. 1 [^^d
is the stimulus to tli(> digestive ..rgan^. 1 f surl, .stim-
uli are unnatural in amount or (piality, they in. luce
disease: impure air causes affe,'ti..ns' ..f tic Iun;r8^
and food un.lue in am Mint or b i 1 in -pialitv produux'S
diseas.>sof th.. stomal h and bowls.

The uterus and ovaries of tin; young virgin female
of any animal, are organs of comparatively small
size, and ict being concerned in tfie performance of
lun.'tions ess.'ntialiy necessary to the vitality of tho
body, th.-y re.MMve but a small supply ..f bloo.l and
n'Tv.Mis inlbi.'ucc. At tin- adult period of lilc these
organs, having attain, d their full development, exer-
cise u|.on the system an influence of the most impor-
tant^ kind. In tin; cow. at periods of (cstrum, they
receive a greater amount of blood, and their nervous
suseeptibilit" is gr(Mt(>r than heretofore. If she bo
allowed intercourse with the male, conception f-l-
lows ; the pres.Mice of the hetus maintains a stiinu-
.u.> in tlie uterus whi.di is continued till the time cf
parturiti(m; the (juantity of l)Ioi)d determined to it
is enormous, and the peculiar kind of nervous influ-
ence required to take cognizance of its functions pro-
gressively increases as gestation advances. The gra-
vid uterus then is the seat of a healthy excitement.

1

I

M'.tillTlON IN rows.

'290

i:^;;!:;;:.:;;^ tr;^;:.' :":i^hr:::r h:,.:;.;=u iMii.:;;;. ....n wo ,..,. on.. ..,. „, .,,„.,, a,,„r.

tion was fairly traceable to the action oi the a. rid oi

;;;; :,n liave Wn Ibllowed by abortion. tion was f^nrly traceable to

When a nre<niant i'ow, then, is so situate-l tb it she p-nsonous plants.

n Vl the "odor arising from another cow which Tkkatmkn r ok Ahoutiov

1 n M.rted we may reasonai)ly expect that tlic sen- cl under two In-ads; hr^t ti

f.^'^prod. 1 ^v.lb r-n. what lc,s been stated, .he n.nr.ln.l fr.:,n,..>f: ^\.'

ln.H,b.,lw,tb ,. ■collar .■..n^.-pienc.. The -irch- when c.naiu ^s.upoiu. p.

can
has

(»ati

|,P att.'iclcl with ].'■•

tliicni

'd

w 1 1 i c ! 1 ,

w

,,f ri ■rv.ais luniicn.'... _

bctuv'M. the or-ans of smell, the brain, and tic- nt-
ni. will be Intlucncr'd thereby, and the u/rrns-, from
tlie prdi^P'-inc; nature ..i" its condition and fui
especially rcMH.nds to this peculiar stimulus. Irn-
tifion aopli'^'i'-* n tvcs indu.-s action in or-ans to
whi.h surli icTNcs pa-s ami, in the present instances
(irtion, as a result of nervous excitenuTit, i^ induced
in til'' ut.Tu-. which or,i:-an continiu's from tim^^ to
tim'^ to act u[)on its cont.-nts till they are ex]
Thus we conceive it is that odors arisin<: fmn

abortion in otlcrs (d" tle-ir preg-

' }iV ndoptiT^LT ♦'''"* oxyil i lei t loll

—This is to \"- coii-i.ler-

1-' prrrcuticr, aid, -••.■ >nd,

f',)riicT is to b" tnlorci

IV, n^ t li.'m-i'l\ .'^

„M.n b.'h.iv shown, tliiealen abwiii.,!!, and is

;u.o to be appKcM lo pro\.ait -■.xt.'ii^ion of abortion

h.Mlthv animals. Th" ren.clial trcatin.-nt is

ml.tionandb.nct.ons to 1.- cnph y* I incases of actual abortion.

I'r.rrn/irr T, nil ,„r>if. -it then' are -rouicls tor

hieh establisln-s a c(,nic''t ion

as has

1

Ll

amoiiL'" li''ai

1

levili;^

tl

la!

beli

ry, the .iwicT oi" c.it! \<
oyer tliisc to wh 'in b
his st,,rk. 11" nil

..■Ih'.i.
roiii cow.s

a'.or'i Ml is .ause.l by nieehanical inju-

must exerc'ise stiict vi;;ilance^

intrusts tlic maiia^^cment of

ist provide aira-nst tlciu b"in'/ a])t

b

t,>suircrfVoml.-a!un.,a. theyarcliabKt. do when
mis.-liiefor .,tlcTindn-MMentst...npt tl.em to l.rea.

ca-^ting calf indu

nant cmnpa

we can ace

of abortion,

in reality. < >t!cr odors .if an olbn.sive ku

111

t!e-ir fences.
\oii'r!icirv -m

II

a

'Cl

has "hoove." tl

nrc-nint <'o\v tias - iioon.. uic
,n in attendance must

o-

'"• I

I'T

n, ..vi.h.mt ad.nittin^; .I.U .t ,. .■ ..it.^rn,,,^ ,,al, /.,.,;.; ''.'.'„-; ?;„„:„, „.!,.. .Iv .I;,.- >!,.• L< rust

1 are be- i'roiii Icr .•oiiipanioiis unnco

in reality. Otlcr ..ho-s .,t an oi ...sue kuio .n. .. ,"' '""•■■•-. ,^ ., situation that all c.mmu-

li.yed ly some (and ^ye think, with g.o --;:;; )^ | - f'-l 1,' j.^ of sncll or otherwise,

cause abortion.

Cattle will oh.-n colloct in numbers' nication with them bv means o

around places containing decunposing annua
ve<retable matter, and by bellowin^r and tearing the
earth with their feet and horns, will i^tray a ln;:h
de
an

1 and mav b.. prevente<l. She must be well s.u,,,.1„mI with

|,:.iainu^ which is to be kept clean by frequent cbang
(Vn-.. must betaken that tic .Ichar;;.'^ do not

i»

tnh with their feetandhorns, w.l ictraya h,;:h m^. / ^^l"'' '•;7.''- J Vc- placenta i. retained,
..rree of excitement; this, esp.'cally to pre;:naul colle.t =^''*"'\ '"' "^' '' ,,.-,./p„, the o-b.r arising
nimals, cannot fail to be injurious. . | means must be nse.l o -;;;-;- ;;;.^,^^ ,,„^ ,, •-

Overdeedings-ms sometimes to cau<e ab..rtion, , in .•ons..,i,cnM .i ^ ^ ^^ , .ore atmosphere, and

V promoting; mcI. a state of system in a cow as ,s mal nu.<t bj' k.| , .'-^^ nio.ierate .piantity.

unfavorable to th.> healthy d.velopment of the f(etus.
It is not animaU ma pl.'Mcrlc habit of b.^iy that
are best a^lapted ior br.-dlng ; iieb-.l. it is a .•onimon
remark that bit e.ws have g<Mcrally smaller calves
than tho^e not in -uch high con.litiou. Lar^^e (pian-
tities iA' r'ch ami ^limubiting foo.l may fiv>.r tic de-
position of fat in a pre<:nant c )W, but her .-irculann;^
bbu.d bv being highly cbarg'Ml with nutritious mate-
rial, berotues iess"a<fa].t(vl f.r the nMpiirem.'iits <.f
f(etal subsist-nce. In soine parts of the (-..untry,
wlcre cattle are f'd on low, marshy ground, or on
land yi.Min;: rank and su MMilent fcrbag', such as
g^ows^.n iicadox^s occasionally lloodr.l, ab-iriion will
occur to a ,;r.'at extent. It seems here to be induced
bv tho irritat n-r or stimulatini: action which theher-
1

a(
en

sunn bed with lo iM and \Nai
T ' -n I » ,- .A licit maiiv of the above ]wecau-

It will be obs.i \''l lli.ti n -Lii.^ , ,...vnnt-

tions which a..' here advi.^ed a- ncan. ol p.evcnt
r;.": si.nofMic.ll subsequent t . abortcn, are
luoh-dilvu^cbila^moan^of rem^dial tn-atncnt.

St ;;. attemion must b.. paMtotlc -- --^
which tb..aff^.cred animal wa. kepi. n.onb.^^M^^^^

,,,„,,„itory svmptoms of abortion m v '^^ ' ^ > '
' ,• I -.r"!]. ."v ( ccur The p.'culiar colored (lis-

.litem t.t It- ap]>carance. tie n is -i > ■ _

• ' r th<..,ut,ror-an^ of feneration and

..wM-..:o-.« HI -!/.!' o! t MC -an. I oi ^.lo ^ _

in.-rea-e m -'/. .

,ld.r bevond what tic percd ol ^
...-rant w woubl bav little reascm
■^"'' ■ - • ■{■ uv:iu< of pr.vcitcn are

crcvtation would
tu doubt that

come affe -ted, each in its own way, by nundi the same
common causes .d disease, provideil those causes act
with sufficient intensity. An ..pinion obtains in s..ine
loealitiiis, that abortion is pr.Mluced by cattb; drink-
ing the water of particular streams and springs
which contain an umlue amount of mineral materi-
als. Some waters are known not to agree with ani-
mals, more especially with man and the horse, and
it is quite possible they may exorcise an injurious ef-
fect on cows also, but whether any waters which cat-

we mav 5i<lvantageousiy ■- .j , ... tb.- fol-

cd-ie. None is better than such a f'>nnnl. ■"- ^b. to
owin.^- 2oz. of tiictuic.f .pnnn and . o . of n-
trous^..ther, mixd in an imperial quart of ,n,el.
and -iven daily, or sobmg as cir.umstanc<

s so. in to

r ub i C; Id water n.T.y be >:o,,i...sly .,.,.■.■ o

Wo Vn find that if tl.o above Hunple moans an
timely and onorsctically .-mployed, tho symptoms of
abortion entirely disappear.

- ^ .s**;

300

ABORTION IX COWS.

'^■^^'ARr

so before tlio acrovsinn />r *i • • , T "^"^^"^^

us toensuro tlioulinost nni,,.....! \'' ""T '"'"■. »o

^'^stniin will occur ... r.... J ^' ""'■ ^'^ '^'' ''':''■ -"'I l"-r i„ i,. ,,.m r,,,...,: i.., , . ' f" -"'i'".! ^^Mh d,.

i . . •••»'iuin->, will ri<» ovi>

'f-tnun w,ll ,H.cu,- :, f,.„ ,i,v ' '::',"• ""

nial... furl,,.,- „.-. ' ' ' "'"*■■''' ^"•<-'^-« I- iIt

a..- Mn.|,,...,,,,l, ;•..'"'■'.'■■'''','■,' ''"''"''I' 'I,,. Lull,,,,
lion. I iio /./^M' ^K .11 I . . ." — " ' ' "> * 'iicfii-

il

1"'^^ '" ';^""-^^ <■"'■'. u.l;H, I, .charari.T \ 1.,,..'
tai-iiin- .(MS 11, ,f in ,. , , n • , i'i<"'M..r or

in^ or M

'>ol.ovo, thai u,al,.r th. <ircun.Mances

!'"^';' •■'"^"^^'"^I'i.afKa.lca.t.ek, hyh!^

^_^.^^. , "^^^th.M, ..ir, .ill bo of any served H,

-;l-':-'a;;rcat.acrilic(sbul^
r"".'^^''"'' ^'•""«ap,M.a,an,v,s|.. uall n.allM
»"l't.Vincui-. ^vha^in.A.^,,■v vara in '. '"''^^■
. . n ' V'"^^ o. Ue.s, n-M- iniirii aiiinunt .,| milk

On,;;otHM-nH,ho,]. nf t,n.v..nti,.n, tl,.. u,„.,. „, [!

t'T.S UMiallv HM'OIMr- .,,,,1 1,,,,,,. , .. • '"'^^

a cow has irriMr,,!.,,. , , ; , •• <i.i; > lun^vr. I(

~^:r. terror '■" ••• '-•■ -'.-^^i^:^

Lave .H.n,.octio,';;i,h ihe n>.:i,' r'T '" ^"'"- '' "■

lowincTMlwrn^r ' •' Ijoasts mostly .-,, hoi- rin.r ,.. ' "^oiiK,, ami h. ,),■,. t!i.. i,n,...,taii,c du-

and jumid f iT^ ' "'^-^ ^'' '""■'f"' nuis^ 1, ' 001,(11;',^';" " '=""^'^'J '""inlj to ani.nal.s i„ hi„h

r;: ^ " ""^' ^^'"'s ""--b- -ortidess lir L.'.ji,;" ::', , ; ,'':;,!:r: :,T'':r".^,"r"';' ";■■' " ■'"■^ --

rr(„n.in,-v. hhn ..l,„„I,l .„..,.„ „ . '' ''"'''*^ ''"a;'';l'al.unv .,i any preveiitivo measim's l-ri,,.- at-
tend,.! xv„l, M,c;co.«, even if it worj worth .<l,ir- to

<M11}»1(»_V tlirm.

,-• ^''""'':^>"^ Tr.>.',n'nf.-~U lias])oon sfat.-l. that
Avhrnahort,Mn,.vui-.s .lurl,,,^- th-. li.-.t l.v. uaa-ks of
^'•'statiorMi .1,,,.. ,p.fs, tan f. occa.H ai nnirh infoiivo-
'y';'"''"":'-;"MitiitiM,ial .liMwrhancetoth-' ...w \t
[I'ls )Haa..!. a. the lectus hs of small yizo, thr naau-

'•"';'' •'';■ "'•"' '" ''^ i*"'if"..>ntary state of (k'vcl.a).
in. 'lit. aipl an. not .so iirmlv attached to the uterus is

, .- - '— - >''"ic still in heat sh,mhVl!r'n ^'''^'"'.y. '''^"'^'^tely become; ou this account they are

un^;r?r'"^^'^^'^'^^^I>-^'>-^-^^ -lulled with their contents. Little LI

unsettles them, and l)y smclbn*^ at I r il.ov T '^ ' "'''"^, '" ^^'M""*^'^! in cases r.f tl.i. kind, l^-yond kcci)-

in^i^ressrons whh ^ act iz^uriou^ly^' 'h n "n, ind;:' r '^ ''? ^''t^^ ^^" ^^^'"^ h.r e.mj.anioiil, and al^!)
position to conceiye or -w U \ '» ''"^ '^'^ '"'l''^- from th<- male. '

;Wm^W/," exists e::^i i^Hrh! :":t:Jk"r^f i, AWti.n .c.-urrin, sul.e.m ntlv t. th. ninth..

he cows jn numbers arc continually coniinn'l f ^'""^^•^' "'"^' ^^ '' m.-re serious matter. Il.avth- yu-
Uiey should all of them be confined^rtl Lus ' h! TT'^'^'^^^'r' '" '^^ =^^^*^ haveescap.,! notice, lu.l
oostrum IS about ^oing off, then be put to e male ' 1 l' T '"r^ ^'T ^"^'^ ^'^^^-^'-^ Miihoutany diifi-

nd confined f^^)r a day or tvvo more.^ f th fann ; ! I'V ''"' ^^"' ^'^^'^'^^"^^'^ ^'^ •'^^"^^^^t ^^^^^^^J'^ '^^^'^^
thinks proper he may bleed them • this bevond lo ' ' '''"'^ ^'"'"^T' ^'" ^^^^'^'^^'^'^' ^^^^^'^'^^ ^^^ annoyance to the
emng the.r milk for a few days' \ l?// /r ["T ''r'^ ^V"' attendants. There is sometimes very

The medicines which farriers and 1 women ) nlo' ' ^'^ • '•'' ' ''=^"-''^- ^'■'"'' '''" ^-J^"^^' ^^"'^ '^ -^-^^' ^1^-'"
times recommend to make cows '1 oM . I ^ n '1^""""^ ''>' dischar.. of a very peculiar

or conceive, are unworthy of dependence ' 'T^ n.ost offensive odor, is establishe.I in the protru-

. ^ cow^yhich has cast calf several times in «n... n"^' J'^'^'I'l^' *'^» ^^^^^" ^-^s that retained in the uterus,
sion, acquires such a habit, (if it may ZhoVZlT\ 7^^,^P'^«»f^^^'^ ^^ commenced in some cases before
of doing so, that it is cxceedinHy clifficult i? '^ '^^''''^'•\'^ ^''\'^ P^''^'^' «^^^ ^'"^^' «^ ^^^"^ ^'^ the cleans-
come Notice should be taken ol the neriod of n^'i: "'^ T'" '''•*'^.' ^^' appearance for some days after the

abortion, and in her ne.t pregnl I, ^a rrtiilh t or ' ?,?•"'? 1 •^'.Z'^'"^' ^^'' ^^^^^^^^^ «^ ^^^^ "^'^

lb ^J, a lortnight or foreign body in the uterus and vagina induces an

pregnancy. \She should ~iuAho'\\\ "" ".

;vitb the male until t!.e la c™

'""•i^ -ind aft. a- takir.- rh i u \ . I"'''""'^ "'

'--iy,an.ic..n<in'V :J:.|':i^''',/'^ '""'''""'

<i'-fT^ared. hur.n;, th i • :,^^-"' 'T^'"''' ''-
^'HKlcrateamountofherusu r 1 "''^'"■J^\ '"''''^

;;i:.r^i;em;^r^-^^^-^'^^^"-^^^^

-^i -aer-m^lln-mi;^^

ally over the organs (d Jen ra i 1 ^^^V"""''- ^^P^^"'"
king the bull, a"ul whil" - '-^^ •"• ^^ '^^'^ ''^^^''^ ^^^

1?^53.1

Ai^oirnox IX rows.

?M

nheaUhy inllammatory condition of the lining mem- of liiu^^ and inject a diluted loiin ol ih*- same into

» rane of these organs, and, from the irritation thus the vagina; tiiis, with i pleiitdul supply of idiam

st'il)li!^h»'d, it is not unusual for the cowtolnaajmo fc- litter, will in sonuMueasure, ovciaa^me the . fllnvia al-

vorish refuse her fojd, :un! rajiidly fall cfT in cauli- ways pr(\sent in thcsi^ casf"^. S.nne firn)(a,s Miiear

• ' til.' walls and wood work .'!' (h.ir .^'W h<.uses with tar

The fetus is to be securely buried as soon after and nielt(;d pitch, to count, laet, 'a-, a.i the)' thitik, t<)

ftbortion as possible. All persons agree in the pro- pr(!V«'nt the huiell allude. 1 to ; th.K; is no haiau in

prictv of adopting such a practice, l»ut a siiiLMilar adopting such a practice, l»ut there is litth' ani< unt

difference of opinion exists with regard tM \\\^- pr .pri- of go(»dderived from it in .Mmpai i-wn with (hat at-

etv of removing the cleansing, or of sulhaing it to temlant up. .n taking the cleansjiig awav. n^^idly .s<p-

remain. Those who advocate letting it n main, ad- arating the affected animals IVmiu ..tlnas, an. 1 ..iher-

\W that the i)assages conta'uin,: it slh.nM \«- kept as wise tnaitiug th an as here advised

•11 ...1 »i. . .....: ..: • 4<nL..>^.a..., a..,, lo " ^,. ■...H/..1 M

clean as possibha innl that antiseptic pr.-paratiMns
kIi.hiII b" u-<e I t'l .h'^tr.iv tie' (lif'ai^ive (.ih.r whi.-h it
rrcnerates. Th.'V >i'i \\\ to imagine that <langer wliich
they c:iTU\ot .l.'s.'i'ihe is likely to ari^^e if nn'fhanical
inean^ ai-' . inplwyed to renuive it. A jht^mi, how-
ever who untlerstands th.' anatomy ;ind functions ol

'(Meansin;:: .irink'J," so calh'd, are extensi\('ly pr»'-
seril.e.l l.v larri' i'^ aJid <lrug;j^ists in \ari<»us parts ot
tie' ctuntrv, under th.' i.lea that smh e anp.»un«ls in
sonu' way or other pr.iinot.' expulsion oi the cleans-
ing. Th.'-.' drinks a.e, i;,r the most part, composed
..I' stimulating aroitiatie ini^redicuts, c.)mhined with

ever, \> no mi'i' i. ^.u.-i' ■■.• .».ii.i,i .n.j i...... ,,.... ,.-.... .. . ^ ,-,

the or<^ans com-'-rned, is fully '.iwarethat sm-h an idea purgative and diunti.- nie.in-ines
is fallaci"U-. an.l kn..ws that, unless un. ler s.ane pe- pr<»<lu.'ti.-.' .d ;iny g"od .ffe.'ts

Tl

K'V are St

'Idom

1 .ffects li'Vond those which
,h'p. lel .ai th. ir purgative a.-tion, whiUt their aro-
inali.' aiel r.'-iie.ns pr.ei.-ni.'s \^\\ {"r.-ipientl y render
tleau highly injuri.ai-, hy acting dir.'ctiy on a class
.,i' organs previously irritated, and prohahly in a
<tat.' ..f inllanniti.»n. A do-e ..f saline purgative
medicine, .-.ui-h as half a p.auid t > a p.tun.l of bpsom^
■^alf*' v.'itli an f>nnef> of irinrrt.t- mo. I halt a nound (d
tr.'aeh', inix.'d in a .[Uart .a' three pints ..t meal gru-
.1. is ti-.'.pnaiilv <if -.'rsi.''', an.l foians alio\it the on-
1\ -a-l-ansin;; .Jrink"' whi.h tie' n in-proh-s^ional man
Miouiuanv pan .a i.c nnannranc- n.- i,an-.ii- i.-io s'had.ltru-t hini-'l ft . adml ni^t.'r. It tie' annual be
the vulva, they must be taken hold of by the i.ther reallv w.ak and in h)W conditaai. h-ilf a pint t.. a pint
hand, twisted several times round, (so as to render ! of good ale may be combined ^.v ith the .iren.l, here
them less liable to break,) and pulled at gently. By ' recommended. If the bowels an; alnaidy sutlicn ntly
thus stretching them th.M)perator is better enabled to open to forbid the u-e,d lavaMve medicine, ale \Mtn
fetd with his han.l in the uterus wlioro tin' attach- treacle--ru.'l may he giv. n in>tead. hrgot ol r}0
mentsl,..t^v...n it ami th.> .l.'an-in- are -ituatd. lie is much rMi..l on by s.,ne-, as .aiusn.g expulsion ot
graduallv pasM'S his haml roun.l tie- int a-i-.r ..f tic the clean-in-. We have not fouinl it to 1..' a medi-
uterus and loosens the points of conneeti.ai, can- eln.' to be mu.'h -l.'p.-inh'd on in this resp(«ct. It lias
mencingat the entrance and pn)ceeding to the horns ])een given m tw..-.iraehni and ha ll-oun.'e^.i.,ses to
of thewonih, to one of Avhich the ch-ansing is main- pr.-gnanl rabbits and lat.'te'- .iaily or v\ .'ck^ togetn-
ly attached. He may require to exercise st ine .legree i er NNitle nt produ.in;: any p rc'ptihle ut.'rine acuon.
of pulling or separating b-n-e with th.' harel thu> .an- I — Sc -Kdmhurg M-iiea! an-l Siir-i-'a! Journal, lor

is fallaci'iu-, ami kic.ws that, unless un.ler s.ane pe-
culiar circuni-tain-.'s, he call take the ch-an-ing away
with i)erh'''t ^aletv. It is sni* 'ly bett.'r to ilo this
than subject the c.»w to the w.ll-known incia; \ eni' n-
ccs of its rct.'iition. In ord'r to satiny nim-ell ..I
she propriety ot r.auovingit, tic .iperat.u', after hav-
ing' the cow seen r.'ly held, washes out the vagina with
warm wat«"' • ^'- '' ' intr.wluees bis haivV "v^'eM .,*!rd
to feel if the OS ut.a i is sufficiently opiai t.» aln.w it
to pass into the ut.'rus ; if so, tleaa' is not th.' slight-
est .fiii'j.a' in at !■ Dipt in;^: to taki' the ehaiU'-in;:; away.
Should anv part"!" tic nnanhi-anes li.' hanirin'^ fruni

ployed, .aiel > houl I h.' careful ie»t t> tear th(> cleans-
iic ni'ire than he can iiossiblv aM^id ; it is alwavs bet-
t.'r t'l r.'iiiov.' it ;it .ac.' (if possihle) than piccm.'al.
Wh.'ii the hand can be pa^^sed int.» the uterus, an<l

If the placenta is retained, and the han.l ..f the op-
erator cannot be intn.duced int.. the_ uterus in con-
»n.'n in.' nami can ne pa^sea mn. uu' ui.'rus, ami s.'qiience of .-..ntra.tion .d th.- <.s uteri and it no part
if d-.-av of the td.amsing be not too far a,.lvance.b (T the cleansing can he taken h-.ld ... tlie <ailt-nea
tlcn-are v.'rvie.v caises in which we cannot n'move must be syringd with warm water, ly means or a
it ly exercising due precn.ution. After extract!. .n suitable in^^trument, which the veteianarv ^"rgeon
has been accom].lislnMl, the uterus rh..uld he g.aitlv f.rthencM part, is ahaie competent to u.s.'.

1^11 1-1 • 1 1 • 1 * ■ •• • .,t». ,..t f f,.»iw.i'i 1 lit the clc!

hat well synnLr.'d With tepnl water, among whcha
small (piantity .)f .dilori.b^ of lime mav b-' di<<.il\cl.
A com{)etent operator inein-s no risk of injuring tlie
uterus, for all the necessary force of manipulation is

applied to the attatdied points of the cleansing.

S ime person.^ who have objections to the above
mo.lc tif { ro(aM'(linMr_ in cinserpienee (d' the extremely
otleiisive stfTudi, the disu^ustin^; nature of tin

iniprwpcrt..att.niit r.'moval of the cleansing, asj.e-
fur,' a.lvi^e.I. if the han.l cannot l,.Mntr..due.Ml into
the uterus hy applving a m..derate .hgn'c ..f .Mating
pressure, or if tlie cleansing is so lirmly attache.l as
not to give way to the application of reasonable

*' Aft.'r some cases of ah-rtion, as w.-ll as after some
of or.linary piirturiti.ai. the .'..w is afb'.t.'.l with sc-

oii.aisive stench, tic .lis^rusting nature <A tin .lis- oi on.m;iiy ,.a.t... ■ ■ • , , , ..(>,.,.,..,;,,«

charge, or fr.au an ernm.Huis i.lea of injurh.us c..ns.>- j vere straining, ..r Larm;; .ioun, ^'^^ ;;'^;;;^ . '/ ? "
quences which they supp..se likely to'ensue, attach I These Mill, .n '^ases of a ^aMi^n M.m tim. .nt . e
weights to the cleansing in order, as they imagine, ; for several .lays, and m.luce a highly . r i tatc
to drag it away. Th.' f.7r.'e thus applied mostlv cans- | of system .n tic ^ufr.'r-ng animal. > ' ' -^ . '' ^^

" ' ■ sionally ac(U)mpani.'d hy a discharg.' ot hl.xHl, and

are mostly (d)serve.l wh.'U th.« cleansing is entirely
retained in the ut.rus, and apparently d.'p.'U.l on the
already irritahh' calf-b.^l suffering umhu- a.lditn.nal
excitcm.'nt induce.! by the dead weight ami p.-.-uliar
position of the cleansing, now to be regar.hd as a Or-
eign body, and which it is desirable t-. ♦•xp.l. Alter
ordinary parturition, these straining . O.-rts are some-
times so energetic, as to cause "throwing down' of
the uterus. Although this accident seldom occurs

es the membranes to break inshle the vagina, ami m.t
being determined to tin' r.ail j.oints of atMchment,
is seldom <d' inu.di b. audit ; moderate pulling force,
occasionally a[.plie.l hy the haml, in a horizontal di-
rection is mu.di pr.derable, although but rarely ef-
fective in bringing the cleansing away. If the pre(b
judice of the owner be such as not to allow of any
mechanical interference for its removal, and if he be

^ . . i. : • • 1 • , , . .1 1

not incorrigibly careless and ignorant, ho may wash
the cleansing repeatedly with a soluti

solution of chloride

i • *i'"*^ ill

302

AHOllTION IX COWS.

J A

after aljurtion, in coiitjoqiience of the email size of ' f jr «l..l-.v -.♦ ti Ti ^ """" ' ^

the 08 utori and oufr passage., yet, for tho n 1 • f f ' ^ml . if h I' , r'^ '''^''^'^'' "^^''"^^a^^^ th. ,i,„„,^

the animal, it is desirable thaT, if ^oslsihi.. t h. e nai s I i i ] "^^ ;^'^T7^ ^^"^^ ''■f /^''•^•^ ^^'-^ver/ ^

should be overcome. Twoor thrLouncosof tin^ u" • v . ? 1 "\V' '' ^"'"'^^ '^ ''^'*^^ ^'•" '- ut.!

of opium and two ounces of nitrous .oth.r n.ay o^iai i ;;;;:^i;;:l';:.:''^';:':;"\'>':::':''!\ ^^' '^'''^ ^^- "eo..,!;;^

Bionally be given in a quart of warm gruil. The
hand should be introduced to ascertain if th ) cleans-
ing be loosened, and, as is soiuetimes the case, entan

gled upon itself near the neck oT the uterus- if it<-nn r,. . >/ . . . , ..r^..

ing mosily ooascs. v.'„m.v,sti.u„ ,. .am. .,,,1. N,m,. ,„,r«on.s a.lvooiit,. M,,',!,,,,- Z

". •' . I tins iM -1 ri.i,i<wl,. ■..-i,;..! 1 _ II • "V- 'JiU

A cow, attcr abortion, sb.Mill !..• fed on good food,

but of such a (juality as will indii.'c a lax 'l-onditicri

of the buwels ; boiled barb-y or Im.s.'rd. cookod roots,

as tuniip.s and carr.»(s, l(.nn excrUcnt <li«'t. Jf, IVoni

prolongtHi straining and (»th«T caiis.'s <d irritation, .sh«^

IS »o feverisli as n..t to W'cd at all. she must be (iff.'r-

ed plenty (d drink, and if .sh<' will tak(' Hour or lin-
seed gru.d, sweetened with tr.'avlr, we need be under

lio great anxiiUy re<»-;irdin"" brr not f.w. liner l>i- .v-;

tlio tini. our l,ost o,..l...v„rs .,•,. ,li,. .,.,.,.1 ,' ■'.''.' " ! """'^^' "" •■-l'''rj,'-Lm.;nt of tl,e

the time our best (judeavors are directed to the remov-
al of the real cause of irritation and fever) support
her by ad-ninistering gruel with a born or bottle.
The stimulating drenches of tbr larrier and eowle.'cb
must be strictly avoided; il any tonics or mild resto-
ratives be really needed. th.> usino-.'f tl,,.tn cm o»ih-
bandy be intrusted to tic \(»terinary surgeon.

Wlien abortion is caused by nijclmnical injuries
8ud lenly inllicted. the uteru.s' somenmes b.wr'irs to
contract, and forces the icctus into the ns nt^ri and
vagina, before these organs have been suiricientiv di-
lated to allow its free expulsion. The cow may even

»'i:tnipulation ; snch l/cing ibo case, stemlv ntr'^'^
may be made to dilate a, ami ^ufiici^-nt tiiL\ &
for the purpo.se. If the p.ins are very ,, I '^'^
occasional dose of bunianum mav be ..iven t< n^' ''''

he same end. Nune persons advocate blee.bn. Z
h.s IS areme.lywbich, underall circumstunc.'.H
the ca.se, we would rarely advise. Other practition
or.s recommend the application of extrac^; , ! '
d-nna and other sedative substances to the ,>s uteri-
heir beneh.:ial acti.,n, however, is very doubtful \V 1'
(ydieve that cautious, continued attempts at dilar-/
tion, by expan.ling the hand in the contracted r,J"
affording due timt,- for the efforts of nature heL f
ami the administration of tinct. opii, us advi^d'
are the safest and most efficient means of ,,r,;

OS uteri. Wiien

the opening is sufficiently increased in size th,.
presentation, if false, must be rectified, and Dwi'mu,
tak'n away. The methods oi' remedying tlie.se j.rt^
sentations must be left to the practitioner, luul are
cliietly the sameastho.se re(juired in like cases -it

frndir.f ,,n O' !":...; , " ' ' '■ '

. I'-*' ^'*'*i'""- M urn (leliverv iH
(•(unpleted, the cleansing must be taken awav' hv
ad<»pting the method before advise<l for its renioVar
After aborti(.n, even in cases where the cleansj,)"-
has b.en expcdied, a discharge ol a p.'culiar kn^i
usually flows from the uterus for several we-ks ^ue
continue straining fbr days,'and ali'^be;;f^':;;i ii^l" ^fl^' ^VV^'^"'"' in character from thenatu-

seem t.> impact the foetus ^till more flrlnlV !!;;d V.: ^ | ^ Tbrco: .n ':::X::^ TT'' " 'l '''''''''
part of it, aa tlio lio i.l, nc'k or fpci ■i„".l I,..,. ,,111 u.ni ort .in.l li.altli ol th.. animal. «,■ ,„„y

lor this period, pro.rud,. froin , o „I l7 ' ". ,: ! ] 1 ""'^l^—lv co.,n„.ra,.t ,ts ill ,.|r..,,s l,v ocasi,,,?-

canes, lier str.mth l...conu.., .-xhuuM... M ' ,. • ' f ^\" '>""" '"• "t-rus ,v„h top.d wat,.r and dilu-

da- undelivered. This untoward .V'n n ,, ,•/ l^J ,'. . ;;;'','''ir "' ""; ''^'^7'^\ "' ^"'l'- '^"'pl'"'- "'
ularl, oc..,.r, ,o youn. animals, wh.-ro .l,'. .'^.i.^s | ^^"itZZ^ "m'. :;";;, '," '";'"'■;'• ""' '"'"

a,oy aU,nd„r.nK tl'; proce.s, of natural parturi- resting tin- diseharp. an,lin r.sto . I , ' " ,"

" • , ■ , r'-^''"'f f ■'"} ''''FHonced pra,.,i;i.,nrr „,.,„l,7an,. of tho n^^rus t, i h oa i^, '
IS reciuin.d here, and. for thcsa etv,,r il„. .„,,tl„.,- 1,.. ,, i._ •„ o. nc aiui\ t. n. .

is required here, and, for the safety of thr motln'r, he
fre(|uently finds it mMNlful to dis^i-.-t a av th(> fcrtus
pie«-omeal. In some cases, jirm and judiciously ap-
plied puliing lorc<> will be sufficient to effect its ab-
straction ; in others, an incision may be made with
a suitable kifd'e along the lower p:irt*of the belly and
*'h«'-^t <d' tlie t(c:us, tho viscera (d these cavities re-
moved, then, by drawing it at its head and legs, the
bides (d' the bjdy are compress, d, and d. livery is ef-
fected.

*'6'/(m /nVM.9," or "false presnifafwns,'' seldom In-
terfere with delivery in abortion occurring at an ear-
ly period of gestation, but if it be delnyed^untll with-
in six or niim weeks of the time of n-itura! parturi-
tion, they sometimes present expulsions of the fuMus.
False presentations with aiMtrtion aie oheii more dif-
ficult to rectify than when they occur at natural par-
turition, and in cases of this 'kind the aid of an (\\
perienced and dexterous practitioner is required,
^vhose l)est care is neede(i to ensure the cow's safety.
If she had been straining for some time, and the li-
quor amnii is partly evacuated without any app(\ir-
ance oi' the foetus, the hand of the operator must be
introduced to ascertain its position. The presenta-
tion is almost always unnatural if the frotus is not
expelled within a reasonable time after rupture of
the membranes, yet in some instances, althougji the
water-bag has burst, Uie cow is cruelly allowed to
pa«a several days under labor-pains, without attempts

p,«.c cv>euu ua^ys unuer laoor-^pains, without attempts place, the uterine discharge becomes lighter in color,
being mode to relieve her. This is culpable neglect, and eventuallj assumes the character of pus ; return

Oows, and especially young ones, which have abort-
ed, and have had great difficulty in delivery or in
getting rid of the cleansing, are frcfpiently a Ion*;
time before they will again "take },ull." This indis"
position for sexual connection with the male, iiiuii-
ced by injuries which the uterus has sustained nnd
the shock which the system as a whole has receive,!,
is b.\st overcome by giving t,»nic medicines, using
every possible l,)cal application tor,^store natural ton-*
in th,' uterus, and especially by allowing plenty ..f
good food, air. and ex.Tci.se. "infl.ammation of^ho
uterus sometimes succeeds abortion ; it is indu(;ed
most frequently by the rough usage to which the
uterus is occasionally subj,'cted. an<l is known bv tho
animal beconiinir feverish", being of}^ her feed, brralli-
ing quickly and laboriously, arching the back, strain-
ing, and voi,ling considerable rpiantities of j)r<»\Mii.'^h-
looking fluid, ting<Ml with bl,) .d, which, in advanced
stages of disease, is inix(Ml with portions ol the inner
lining of the uterus, <'mitting a highly offensive
odor.

In treating this affectl(»n the nt(TU.'^ must be fre-
quently but gently .syringed with tepid water; hot
sacks or cloths ^vrnng from hot water must be laid
on the loins ; the bowels must be kept gently open
by means of mild laxative medicines if required.
and plenty of tepid water or gruel must be given to
drink. When a favorable change is about taking
place, the uterine discharge becomes lighter in color,

1853.1

SIIOKIXO IIORSKS-rnOPS TO MAUKKT.

303

77 r.r>Ptite speedily fellows, and a rapid abate- ! over the shoe, is, in my opnnuM, go.Ml as a genera
°^^ r rT. fever iValso obvious. This ,lisease, when rule, not only preventing that unpleasant »»;"«<'; ''"j,
"''" . ' eonsi.b'rabl.' rmt or tear in the uterus, is ' rendering horses less liable to overrea, h and pull off
ownv.:to Yl" In a diy or two their tore sho-s, provide,!, however, attention be paid

^^''^Cre are some few cases in which death succeeds in roun.ling the inner e,lg,.. //,(.,

|U,re ar. «;^' ^^ ^^ ^ , ^,^,„.^ „j ^ime, an,l I 7. In rnspuv, thr nndrr part nj th.' rhnrhrs, far-

•^^^^'^^''to come Ol w tbofit any appar,Mit cause. It ' riers are yry apt to apply the ..Ige ,d the rasp m.

'"n 1 LT Jn.uilU h^ found that in instan,...s pn.p.rly to th,' crust, b.rmm^; a d.>ep groove nmnd

^:V:^^cU^^^^ 1'-^ »"- -^'^^''^V ban- th. sam,.. wb.cb ,.ann,.t but InMnjunous t,. th,> foot

,t th.H ^^^-^^y f '^^ ,,„a may be days. ,n pam- and. t^.g.th.r with taking away too much ,>1 the crust

fr i 'r; s ial "nomshment a.fonle.ll and m finisbing off the foot, must have a t,.nden.-y to rjni-

f,l l^^*''-'^' ;^7^^^^^^^ ,,,,,^ i,, the ,>ut,set. der it sb-lly. Curving the shoe at the t,.e, after he

vas. ]»erhap.s constitutionally aK ^^^^^^^^^^ fashion, where horses g,) near the ground, I

Practice of Shoeing Horses. am very b)nd of; but I cannot see any advantage in

Bv CiiAUi-FS Tkjk ivAi., Vetekin-akv Slrof.on, Ib»v- it as a ^^''^'Tal practice.— W/<rt;iar<a/i.

AI. AUTII.LF.UV

Mk KniToR— Sir: I have lately been devoting
nnich'attention to sh,>eing, and Hatter mysell that
til,. bors,>s under my care are as well shod as any m
b,'r majesty's service.

Tlie'vhJe 1 foun,l in use //nv was made concave
next to the foot, an<l flat on the ground surface, than
which, ill my <q.inion,n,)tliing can be worse. 1 his
f^lio,' 1 have'had rever.sed, making the latter as con-

Fortohcllo llarrark.^. Jfiil/lin.

Til

Adaptation of Crops to Market.

. .le farmer who is wide a.vake to his business

should wat<-h, as we'l as follow, th,^ markets. Ho

should know what cr.)ps will sell well. So far as ho

can form a probable or approximate opinion on this

point he shouhl conform his cultivation to it. In

Moine'nlices le' can nroduce mdk t,) advantage; in

,hor 1 have had reverse,! maKingu.e latvei u. . >m.- « ' "' '' \*' ': ^, ',^^.,.|. ^-ain, he mav be so situ-

caveastheb.ot will possibly admit of h..v.ng on y ^^^^^^'.^^^^^^ ,,m >ay bim so

MilHcient room between the shoe and the foot^for tb.. | >^te,l that jo itlr r ot^^tli ^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^ .1 y^^.^^ ^^^^^

will b'bay, th'T,' fruit; Iktc potatoes, tUere s.piasn-
,.s and otlier vegetables. . , . i

\ farmer in lievrly. last y^ar, raised on two and
a iVilf acres ,.f land is,(>i)() cabba-.-^ p<'r acre, the
nett re,M>ipt nf which av.Taged him .S45(». Another
f^,rmer, in Danvers, cultivated '^"' =^7'' ;!^.\;;;;^ ^^^^ ),
wa-,. and realized the ha.eNoin.' jTotit ot MOC I b'^
cuTti'vation of th,' onion in tins latter t.»wn gives em-
ployment to many hands, and is the source ot large

^''olb.'.r examples might be cited to illustrate the Im-
nortanc of adapting crops to th.' markets, such as
lh„ nrn.luction of the smalb-r fruits m th.' n.'ighbor-
l,.„,d of cities. It i^ not tb.'.Topon which the farm-
er bim-lf sets th.' highest valu,' that shoubl be rai.s-
ed bv bim. but the ,'rops b.' .an pro.lu.-e at the least

tb,' heels of the sho,« 1 hav,' giv.^n an nndine.i plan,'
outwards ..n the foot surfac, with thre.^ nails on tlu'
iuMde and four .m the (.utside. The he.'ls, instead
of iM'ingcut of!' straight, an; well slope.l, an.l ab..ut
the same thickness as the toe. The shoe one third
as thick at the heel as the toe, recoinni.n.l.'.l by tlu'
late profesfu»r, the majority of our hors.^s cmild n<.t
iravrl HI. Tli.Te ar.' many pernicious practic-s
which smiths in g.'ueral, if left to tbems.-lves, fall

into, viz : • t i

Mntilaihig th^ fmris tnj imj)r"pn- rutting. I liav,'
at length got mv iarriers to un.lerstand, that the on-
Iv par7 of^b.' trog which ever requires .-utting, nn
l,''ss rag-.'d, is the point, to prevent the sensible fro<
being i»ruised betwcn it an.l tin' c<.f!in bon.'.
27 [fillirdti'i scrioKs injury to the cnis-f, by an i

,,,'1 srrunis injury to the rnisf, by an nn- ."i r.v h.m.. -.. ... ,^^,.. .,^^. ' .,,r,t

, th.. rasp, hu't ,-;p,-,-ialb- .he eoarse side j exp,.Mse, a,.d ^^Ml '■ • tlj;^^ .n a„ .t p, ^„ .^. ^^^^^^ ^^.^^_^^^^

pr.)n(;r use ot the rasr>

^^ it. 7 , ^' r .11 <..,ten trai'k They tro on, therefore, culti-
•A. In mnr, thr shor.^ hy ruttinrj too wurh out oj fr.nn ^'>;;^; •^;; ;;'^;;;;,j,,,ts ^an I often ..n the same
thr mist nf the tor, toadmif thr clip. The shoe iscon- va ing ttie ^ .i , , , farmers seem to

.pi.ntlv s.'t too far ba<.k, instea.l of being f^tte.l full h.'bls as , i . '^ ;^^;,,,,,, ,i.,, ,,;,, the heav-
to tb.' crust, an.l afterwards rasping away the crust, i ent-rtam the opinion that un. ^ .^ ^^^^^.^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^

making the foot in fact, to fit the shoe, ii
sho,> to tit the foot. This is a faulty ]

seq

[y i)ractice, an.l — \n< } .n' i' ' * h

L,'t them
ahei.l. I^et

very seriously so, which smiths in general are v.'ry
apt' t.,. fall into; one, t<i.». wbi.di r,'n<b'rs tb.' .Tust
shelly, for that part into wbi.di the nails are .Iriven
froin time to time, is in this way rend-T.' 1 weak.

4. In turning shoes, smiths in gen.'ral .do not at- ..^ - . ^ .^.^^ .^^

tend suflicientlv b. bev.dling ..r sl.q.ing th.' edge ..f of tl><'t<'W'' " ^ „t the tast.'s also. Let them rai.so
th.' sho.'. from fhe fo.>t t.. the groun.l surh.'e^ which --;^-^-; ^^ / |;'^.^, ,,, , ..olit! Why not? The
1 consi.ler .d- gr-at importan.-e, especially if horses ^'^^^^'/T ^;,.,, ;, ,,,, u\unrvni and rati..nal <.ne; why
are given to .-ut .)r interb'r,' in their actu.n. _ ! tast. to „r',titi,MP

^'Uut'aw^y with such idle f^.irs and f .olish n.,tions !
Let our farnvrs .tu.ly their true interests

not Stand still wbib- others ar.' goiii,

^h n i .' UP =-•! .h>in.-m..thing t.> supply t lie wants

' ' . . . • j||„j|. viiiiiity: and not tho

0,

C!.ain:;7h.'h:':h ::fthcsh.,r,.pyrni.,hl This sh.;uld it ;;; ';;;,;;'• ;',';"}■, „„, ,p, eoUivate.l to any
extent am..n, u;. that .nay d.,nl,.lessj,e ra,s,.d^^^^

is also a v. TV bad practice. If well sl.)ped, like a
shoe f.)r bunting, to which there cannot be any oh

o..„u MO ouMii..-, tw >, ...^ .. - ^ ,r r I ' 1 fnrro For »''Xani]d.'. soiue vegetable product.

jcction, they are less liable to be pulled off by the a-lvanta . ^^^^^^^ ^^j, ^;,.^,^^ ,„i.ht b.' intro.luce.l and

hind shoe catching in them, an<l .'ontnbute more ^^^ ; «*\*'^ .^V ..ff,.r<l an oil for a .bmiestic li-ht, or f.)r

raised, to aiTor.i .ui nrodneod

lor norses tnat lorge, or cany tut: i..»"....^- "--ii »^^:i
pincers," as it is termed, leaving the horn projecting and Anvu.

'.i tiAf-Si-'Ks&i

304

PUBLIC PA I; Is |\ u kst ('Hf:^

VAl

•^UT,

l>rBL!i' PARK I\ WKST cnKSTKR.

^r

^^^;; n w.L Strfet.

iJiDDLE (StKF.KT.

."»»'',

i'lliUS

SjrrinK'-- \ iti^urifl,

Nepal Pino.
Lilac.

_________ 8KCT10N NO. 4.

' r7r^«'^5»'"^ *^^"'^'^ *" •^'^'"■'*"^'* '''*"'^'* ' ^^^""^ Li i-.i laiMl.Hi Mvta«inutt, Sweet*. um

^'"* . ' l»a ' as in Sertiuns ol i:u-ra. in- opposite-, l;"'"'!- "^'K'-

Ma^jiiolia Cnii-piiua,

RctuU All'!^.

MaiJDoii* Kr:izeri,

Aocr Ku»»ruu»,

A,,r I'souaophilunus,

I^irio.lon.lron Tulipilera,

Acer N>K""'""'

fapre>:>us il.uNui.lr.s,

Cyfini* I-ilbUMUMll,

Chiunati!!.^!^ V,r-iMira,
ActT Mur.'piivllinii.
Liirix Ai!wrHiin:i.

I^elwia !'m|'^''''"'''''

l-iiixinu-> Aiii.ricuia,

Arrr riafiM"! ;'''>.
^,.^.|• .-«;ir,haiiiiiiiii.
Cydoui^i .lai-'iiH-a,
r'yrnu^ Floii'li.
gftlinUuria Ailiaiitiruha,
Pinu? Sylvcstris,
»{-uIn- r.iii.; ■uii'la,
Cetlni- l.ilMin,

glipjiluflia Ac^'ontoa,

W hitp I^iri'h.

l''r a/' r'- M ii^i]'>Ua.

fii Maple,

IL.. ...,.,....
Kuropoun Sycamore.

Tulip Poplar.
I'.lack Mai-l.',
l';tii;Iif<h llui.st> rif-sthut.

I'',iijlis!i Laliurninn.

Atncri'an I'lmuc I'rcc.

()r(';X'tn .Mapi<'.

l>hi( U Lai'ii.

Sweet (iuiu.

P.tplar Lenvo<l I'.irch.

Weeping Willow.

Wiiite A4».

Nniway Mapl'\

SiiL^ar Maple.

Japin t^»inii''e.

A iiicficaii Ihio^wond.

.lapaii ( Jiiikn Tree.

Sent h I'iiie.

llr-l Fli.w.-ir.l H. riiestniit.

( '(• lar ut" LcliMiKii).

P)iifTa!.. Deiry.

sr.c I I'lN N'

Abies NiK'ra,

I/Kpiidaiubar >t vr.i^^flua,
M i^n<»!ia (ilaiiea,
O.slrya Vir^:iuica,
Ac^r Ni^TUin,
Magnolia IJtnbrcll.a,
F rax inns Kpiptera,
Fvaria Triloba.
Acer S.jcclwiriiuun,
Qiiereu.-f I'alu-nis,
Ai-or KrioeaipuiM.
Maijnolia Acuiir.uata,
Salix Bal»ylotii(a,
Picea pL'clinata,
Bctula Papyracea,
Acer Ruliruin,
Qiier<u< .Macro arjia,
Tilia Olalii-a.
M i:,M->iia MaiTopliylla,
CoriMis F'f rl la,
!'.'■( uia NiL'ra.
] r ix'iMii- 1", \'-'-l;-ior,
A err Ni".:ini(i ',
I';, r '1- ^ .1 Inis,
!-aMx \'arii';_';ita,
'I' ax i- II I (>• 11 lie a,

^E.^culus Iluhiciui la,
Larix Ame'rican a,
Pyrus Spectabilis,
Majinolia CorJata,
Acer Platau'tidcs,
Pinus Donglapii,
Acer P.«»Mi'loplatanu8,
Fraxitui> V'n.rieaiia,
l*»ul(>\vtiia liiipcrialis,
.-'K^ciilu.s Fiava,
Acer Ni;^ium,
l^etula FiXcelsa,
Pinus SylT.'.«tri8,
Salix Rahylonica.
liirioil'.'n'lran Tulipifera,

Quercus Alba,

Celtig Oeeidonralis,

Cornns Flori'la.

THXo'liiim Distirhum,

Ma^'nolia rmbrella,

Acer Hiihriiin,

Cupr^Hsus Thuyoides,

Populus Alba,

r.laek Spruce.
Sw-'t (!uni.
Swamp Ma;j;?iol\a.
lIo[) II II ii*i am.
l^lack M iple.
TItnbrella Ma;;no!ia.
Wintrod Ash.
Pa paw.
Su^ar Maple.

Piu Oak.
Si'ver Maple.

( 'u'';imbiM- MaL'nolia.
W'r.pin.^ Willow.
Silver Km-.

Pap.r r. rrh.

ll-.l Maib-.

Mo:«sv ("p OaK.

Anicri( an Limlen.

l>oU'_r Lea\e<l Ma-polia.

A'nericati l)«)r,rw()o(l.

l'>laek r.ireh.

Fliir.ipeaii Ash.

Ash lanved Maple.

Service P.erry.

Vnri"L'!>t'Ml Leaved Will

Iri-h Yew.

() w .

Acer N izrnm,
FraXlii'i'- < h iiui,
i1«'!jcnlii'' I'i.iva,
Acer Kulirum,
Picca I'.Mtiiiata,
Salix I'aiiN ["iii'it.
Ma jnol la A''iiiiiiiiala
Ac'i linMi-arpiim,
I'ra.xiiius I'.piptera,
Acer Sacriiiiriiiutn,

" Nc^'uii'lo,
(^uercufl CerriK,

Ma^Miolia Fra/eri,

Fraxiniis Fxcelhior,

Abirn Nigra,

I'lmus Subero.'^a,

Pimi." Pinaster,

Abies Pvulira,

(:hionanthu>< Virginiea.

lUaek I'.ii.ii.

J ) 1 1 j; W < I o i .

("Iiiii'so .Ma);MoHa,

Ain-ri'an laiideii.

pl.i.'k Maple.

Flowerini; A«h.

'^rllovv I'l iwerinj^ 11. Cheslimt.

1.1,1 .Mfiple.

Sil\ I'r I'lr.

Wee pill ^' Willow.

Cueuniber I i fc.

Silver .Mapb'.

Wiii)^e<l A. "ill.

Su);ar Majilo.

Afli l.eaveil Maplo.

Turk.y Oak.

l'ra/.er'f« Magnolia.

Kuropean A.ih.

Plark S|>ru( f.

Tink FIrn.

Cluster Pin<».

P,c(l Spruce.

Wl.ite Friiiijo.

KKCTKiN No. ;•.

I'luoiivmus Atroj>urpur»'Us,
Tamarix (ialkna,
Finns SylviMris,

I . A . . . t ^ . .> ("I

I,niru< SM!«^a^ra«,
Uiiauuius <';ithartscuR,
rrmiiis pori'iilis.
I'vr IS Aiicupaiia,
lin xu« Sriupn V ireti.",
M'l. Iar>i Anfan(!ai-a,
(}ord«»nia Piibe?<ent;,
Cerasti'' >!abalrb,
Pieea I'.ct in a ta.
Stapl.N '.•■II '1 ri'olia,
T;iXM« <'aiia.lriisis,
l',ij,uU;> Alba,

lied riowrred II. Cbevtiut.
Black Rnrch.
Chinese Fluwerin^ Apr>le.
)Irrivt Leaved .Ma;;nolia

"Niirwav M:iple.

Calir rnia l'in<^.

]v5r 'iioan Sycamore.

Whit- A-h."

P lulow rii a .

Yellow Flowered II. ("heslnut.

Black .NL.i''^*-
Tall Birch.
Sc'it(h Pine.
WcepinjX Willow.
Tu'.in P 'pbir.
White Oak.
Nettle '\x<^<^.
] > (> IT Wood.
IbiTd (\vprePB.
Umbrella Tree.
Bed Maple.
White Cedar.
Silvor Leaved Poplar.

Lauru< Sa^-affas.

Pyni." AiU'ruaMa,

CnlOMnia Pubr-r,ti«,

F,,pu!u« ATtia.

.l-'.-'Cuhi-^ Hippoi-a^laiium,

Luiiinia P-eiphn acin,

r.M Ml- Seii'pi-r\ iiTiis,
! Larix Fun p;ra,
j Acer Fri'" arpiim.

Ilex < )paca,

Tarodiiim I (i^tichnm,
I Maclura A i rant ia' a,

AImu" Olufiii'i-a,

Tarnarix (;all!<'a,
, I'ieea Pect na'a.
j Sfai'Mvlea Tnfoiia.
I Colufca Arl)ori-( •■r.s,
j rim'n<- Aiii'T!! ana.
I .Tunipcrus \' ir^iiiiaiia,

P.etnla lienta,

Acer Striatum,

Kuonymns Atro)>nrp!irfnc.

f in-'u-- >Lihab'b,
tJuiTccs L\ rata,
Llriodendron riir'pi''cr;',
pt l-a 'I rilolinta,
Ailantbus Clan-luloaa,
Abies Fxcelsa,
Codrus T)codar.T,
Maj^nnlia I'lirpwrta,
llhus Cotinn'-.
Taxn^ lbic( ata.
pupulus l/.iviKatn,
Fraxinus Salieifolia,

IWirnihK Pn?']).
French Tamarisk.
Scotch Pine.
Austrian Pme.
."^a^sii ira.".

Pur^'in.s' I'uikthorn,
Chiikf Cherry.
Miinntain Atdi.
Tr... I'.ox.
( Kau'i- OrariLi;**.
1- riiiiklinia.
Perlunied ( lieiij.
Silver Fir.
I'.l.xM' T Nut.
Ameru H!i \ ew.
AbMr Tree.

glit HON NO. '".

^u^^ali as.

AiiKiiian Mountain A.'^h.

I'ranklitiia.
A! rif Trep.

n^',i-li lloi.sc CLaslnut.

I o( u- 1.
IP X Tree.
Wl i'.' Larch.
Silver .NLiple.
American Holly.
Paid Cvpr' ss.
O^a;," OraiK*"-
Ami ri' ati Alder.
yren< h Tamarisk,
Silv.r F.r.
Blald'r Nut.
Blad.br .^enna.
Anwri'-Hr! I'.im.
F!rd ( rdar.
Swirt r. inh.

NvFSft Mnltiflnra,
Cern.sns Serotinn,
Abic.5 Cnnndenpi*,

Quercus I al n;*,

Moo.'-e\\(>"'l.
BiirniiiL' F-nsh.
l>,.tfiino '1 Cli.Mry.
Over ("np O.ik.
Tnli!' p. par.
,t;i,rnbb\ Ti- foil.
Trei' ot ! i ea\ en.
Korway Fir.
Iioodaf ' '«d»r.
I'lUplr -Ma^'inMa.
AmtTiran I'l .nge Tree.
Fln^rlisb ^ ''w.
,^nio( th Pcplnr.
Willow L'-a\ I il Ash.
RKCTC'N *<'•. 7

hour ('Uiii.
Wild Cherry.
Hemlock Spruce.
Spanish Onk

306

i>"8»»^-«»raw..-i»i*iM»wn»"««Ktts m

^'' ''^'^<' i'VHK T\ WEST rriKSTKR.

Acer Nigrum,
Fa^UB Purpurea,
Magnolia Acuminnta,
I'<»|'u!u8 Tremuloides,
PlalanuH Occidentaliv,
Fraxinug OrnuH,
QucrcuB Robur,
I'opulus (irandidcntatn,
Tilia Argerjtca,
Fraxiiiuts Salicifulia,
Thuya Orientalis,
Pinus Variabilip,
Pinu8 Kifjida,
Stuart iji Malachodcndron,

Black Muplo.

I'urplo lieecb.

Cucumber Magnolia.

Quaking Aspen.

IJuttonwood.

Flowering Ash.

Knglihh Uitk.

Large Toothed Anpon.

Silver Leaved Liiidei).
Willow Leaved A.-^h.
Chinese Arltor Vita*.
Two and Three Leaved
Tl.rco Leaved Pine.
Stuartia.

'*t^lT.

Pine.

Uvaria Ti ilolia,
QuercuB Ilcterdphylla,
Acer Negnn(l(»,
FraxiriuK I'endiila,
Fag 11 M Sylvalica,
IMatnuuH Occidentalism
Magnolia Kra/.eri,
Salix Aiiiiularii',
Quereun I'hell'is,
IIal<>ia Diptcra,
Pitiu^ Strulius,
Magii(«lia (ilauca^
PinuH I nops,
i'ioia i*iii¥aj)(),
Pop.iUis Hoteruph} !ln.

fEcTloy NO. 8.
Papaw.

Rhainntis ('athariicuH,
^^uereu." lttii»rH.
Acer Kriocnr[Mita,
IJlinuM Amirleaiia,
Slaphylea Trifolia,
Quercus Nigra,
Populus Treinuloides,
Acer Negundo,
Quercus Coccinea,
IChus Typhina,
IJetula Lenta,

Lartr.iiii O.ik.
Ash Leaved Mai)lo.
Weeping Asli.
ICuroju'an Heech.
lUittoiiw(Mid.
Fra/«r's Magnolia.
Iling Leaved Willow,
Willow Oak.
Tw(.\Vinged HaK'hitt.

Willi.' Piiir.

Swamp Magnolia.
Jer.m-y PiiH'.
Mount Atlas Cednr.
Various Leaved Puj)lu? .
HEOTfON .M,,. U.

I'VTUh ('oronaria,
fUiiis Tvphiiia.
Hobinia Ppeudacacia,
Lirioilendron Tulipifera
J'lrnus Latifdlia.
'juercus Tiii'-tona,
" M(>ntana,
Larix fMirojiaa,
Hetula Alba.
l*Hulowiua imjierinli?',

riex Opaca,
Finns StrobuF,
FraxinwH I'emlulft,

*' Sanibucifolia.

Junipenis Virginiana,
Plati'.nu.s Orientali.*!,
Fagu.s Ferruginen,
Quer<M.K Prinus,
Sali\ annularis,
Jial'"ia Diptera,
Ccrasns Serotina,
Acer Striatum,
Nysra Mukiflora,
Populus Anriplia,
Zat! t h () X y 1 w in Frax i n c n m ,
Thuya Orientali.-',

Tilia Tleterophylla,
Fraxinns Juglanflifolia
iJymnocladub Canadenais,
Acer Nigrum,
Quercus Inibricjiria,
** ('oeeinea,
" Ca^tjinea,
Rohinia Pseudacacia,
Halesia Tetraptera,
FraxinuB Sambueifolia,
Abies Oanadenpin,
Andromeda Arborea,
Janiperos Virginiana,

Purginir IJuckfluirn

H.'.i (>,ik.

Silvt r Maple.

American l-."lm.

P.ladder \ut.

lilark Jack,
t^uaking A.'ipen.
Ai-h L4»ave'i .Maple.
Scarlet Oak.
StaghoTO Sumach.
Sweet Hirch.

PRTT'OV N(,. 10.

<'rai) Apple.
Staghorn Sumach.
Tiocust.
Tulip Poplar.
Lroad L'\ived Kim.
Llaek Oak.
liouk ("he.-tnut Oak.
European Larcli.
White liirch.
Paulownia.
«rrrioK no. 11.

American Holly.

Whito Pine.

Weeping Ash*

Black Ash.

Rod (Vdar.

Oriental Huttonwood.

^^ liito neeeh.

Ohe?»nut White Oak.

Ring Leaved ^\'il^.w.

Two Winsred llalciia.

Wild Cherry.

Moosewood.

Sour (Jum.
New .\}iclo Tree,
Tooth Ache Tree.
Chinese Arbor Vil;o.
SKCnON NO. 12.

Various Leaved Idndcn.
Walnut r^eaved Ash.
Keutuekv Cotfoo Tree
Black Maple.
Laurel Oak.
Scarlet <»ak.
Chestnut Oak.
Locu.st.
iSilver Bell.
Black Ash.
Hemlock Spruce.
Tree Andromeda.
Rod Cedar.

Kalmia I.af.luha, ,^„^,,^,

ra.xinu.s (^aa.lrangulata, Blue A'sh-

llib scu.i Svr aciiH i-. -f*"'*-

.^yriacu8, (o.nmon Althira

- ^l^'^'l-^JendronMaxiumm, Mountain Laurel

SECTION NO. M

LMbe centre Of thi.. circle, an I n..^ the contra .
Square, ... a ^f.,nol,. ^'i^"-"-''. a magni l;; 1^ '*
«row,ng tree, and one of tho noblc.t of our nat / , "''
bav.ng wide-spreading, horizontal branches A ^

or the e,rele,aro our native I'.alm o, (ii|.,,, ,, ( " '^^'

>uda.Tree,eightortl,em.p,an,cdalternau; I rr
t»>''^>- smaHcr circles n.rkca,;,..AUcsl.;.J;,;:^'

Public Square at U est Chester, Pa.

With tho viow ofindu.inn. othor. of our inWi
town.., to t.ko .arly -..uros to upj-ropriuto . f. j
acr.« f<.r the purpo....s of a ptiLii. s<pmn^^re en.bnc.

the opportunity to inform our ro.-.l.rs. not what , nu
be <lnne. or what ou^^ht tu 1>. d.-no, hut what /,..,'.;
don,MnW..t(1.est.r. Marshall S,juaro,coMt.inin.5,
acre., and laying on the north (.istern section /,(,
boron.h, was moro than n.tn- y.ars ag,, appropr.ated
by tJi.' horou-h authoritios to th^ purp„,ve. of a PuK
he Squar., hy th.' nanio of Mars/uiil S.^^u-r i„ com-
mornoration of tiio 'V.x.tnplary character and ,cm.
tific lahors of H.unphrcy Marshall, whose butanii
^anlon an^i iv.id.nrQ was a fow miles west of th«
borough. Tho desiorn in lUr annexed enj^ravin. wa.
arrancro.lat the Mig^^rostion <.f, and the aeeoinpanvin^
l.Ht of trP.es and shruhs, sHe.'ted hy three ofourmrxt
eminent hotanists, all residinojat thisplaee, hr.Wm.
Darlin-t.m, David Tuwn.ond and .Joshua IL.opoi.
They were furnished from tho extensive nurserj
|2;roiindM of Pa.ediall Morris k To., of West Ch-ster,
and the plantin- aNo att-n<Ie<l to hy them. Thoj
are all now ^-rowing, and nniny of them of eonsidcr-
abh3 size, and it is h«lieved furnish tho larj^rit, and
bestcolloction of ehoico troes and shruhs, f"r public
pleasure ^-rounds, in the State out of Philadelphia.^
The taste for ornamental planting, puhli.' and pri-
vate parks, and arhoretums is decidedly -m the in-
crease. Kail Kojid line.s completed, and others prc^
jectmc^. will soon traverse every portic^iof the StAtf.
New towns and villages ar" ^pringing up out of the
native forests, and whi](^ lanil is (Munparativelvclieap.
and every corner is yet unoccupied with tlio renmrHf-
less demands of trade and coinmorce, we shouM hope
t}i(> appropriation of a space for a public square, in
all our new, and many of our dd settle<l towns, miiv
not be forg.jtt.n. AVe sh(»uld ho willluL', indeed that
no act of incorporation for a uow rown or borough,
should be granted by our Legislature without a provi-
sion re(|uiring something of this kind. Future f;rn-
eratlons, at least, would thank them tur it, in the in-
creased health, comforts, and attractions, which iiivari-
aljly accompany thcHO "lungs or breathin- plnces"of
densely populated to\Tna and cities. The wise fore-
sight of the Fo mder of TMiiladelphia in reserving

i

I'-v^i

PUBLIC PARK 1\ WKST ClIKSTrill Til A NSPLA \ 11 \> . TKKKS.

(.unds for the Public Si(uares which arc now ila in lud '»ut of doorH for ilo students, its groun<ls well

Tef ornanient'. is well worth v 'tf imitation througli- planted with fine evergreen and l>cituluou^^ trees, -^(.un;

the St;ite. Indep.'nd-nt .d the ioer-Msod vabie '-f hirtn- si/..', ;iih1 m i;- Iupl'" an<l well kept «rard.n,

f r residences of adjacnt property, tlieir exc<,'eding is acknowledged t<> b • tic- h'-t private e.^t.il li^liincnt

Ic'iuty, and advantage in respect !>» health; there is in tiie United .States. There is attach' 1 to if a huiu

1 ^Q think, a liigli in -smI inllu<*nce of no mean of over !<><» acres of (excellent hind. Tlf fiio' herd
'tunortaticc cm the popului in ( f ;i large city, exerted (d ! Mii ham cmWs, antl other Hiipcrior stock, the l",irm
hv tiiese oi»en spaces, taHte!ull\ l:iid out and mt.t i,uildings. cow h mim-, ci.n\ enh iiccs Imt boiling hxtd
Bpersed witii fnie trees and .-hrul.b'rs . II wo- Tarke. {^rst.'ck. aii 1 tli'' n 'at ;uid ^-u.,' v-slul iManageiucnt of
in IiOnd"ii. consists <d' >^<>0 acres. Ke^'-nt.-. i'.uk oi tic F.irni. ^h ill (> ■ adverted to itt auoth.-r time.
'VH\ with it- U o'^'^il Ib.tanic and /ooh.u'ieal (iardeii, We had intended unly to sp.-ak, in this artitde, (>{'

(iie latter (d" *J'> :iercs. Fifty th. ai^and pe •pie, of all the /'a/»/o' N/'//;v at West ( 'liester, but ihesi' other ^
classes, of a line afternoon, (dten r.-sort to these park" matters havt' unint ntionally h'aketl dut, and as they
f,r h'ulth. recreation or pleasure, and the extint (d are g.-ri'Tally secr<ts known o!ily to a h-w, we b't
,|;,lr b</H licial inflin'nec can hardly be estimated. them go f .rtli. and are willing to o.injxm nd's with

li, addition to licr public sipiarc already plante.l.
\Vcsi <'lii-.i^r. with a popubition of iliMid iuhabitante.
isFunplied throu.:!i .ut with pure - oriii:; water. thrown
up to ih-' r-'^^ervoir. in on.- t-orncr of the -(juare, and
\Thich is the highest gr -and in tii-' liorou;_'h. The
Btrccta and public and private buildings are lighted
with gas. It contains a new C'lurf If<>v\<\ co^tin-
rear ?'''h^''^". with six majc-ti.- ca'^t iron column^ of
the Corinthian ord'T, in front, with oneii space all

anv other town in INun- vhania (d" twie-e the size.

■•There are !j.",^ tre( m and sbnilis in
• lopnsing al'out 1<>" distinct species.

tl

IV >(juare,

The fdlowing aceou!it of the succossful removal of
large tree^, and <d' a kind too. nmre than usually
ilifli'Milt to tr;ui-plant. e\.ii \shen small, is extracted
from a r< cent number oi llovey's Maj^a/.ine. As it

round it, planted with trees; a Hank, ol pure white | ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ conn, aratively small expense

marble, with pillars of the Dorn^ order, a llorUndtur- ^^^^^^^^^ ..3^, ^^, .j„ ^..^^^ j^j^i. • ^^,,,1 ^.-,^1, ,^ ,^,,,,,3. ^,,..
.// IfalLcminvj: ^('.000. in the \orman style, the i ^^^^,,^ ,^ ^^^.^^^^ .^^ ^^^,^^.j^ ^^,^^^^^^^ ^.,^,,^^ ^,^. ^^^^^^^^

wecoiid only in tiie bnion, built by a liorticultu ral ^,j,.,.;,,, -j^ ^1,1. ca--, the m<.«t remaikaMe nn e have

Society for Horticultural purposes, </ Ca/y*^/ of na- '^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ .^^ ^j^.^ eountry.

tural scicnee. (Muiaininj; tic In-st collections in tin- . t m 1 n

^ . ])...^r Sir-— fhe accunpanv^tig snellbarks -w(dl

State, out of I'oiladelphla; xJni', built witlon a few ^-^^^.^^^i^p^ .^^ ,..,„ ^\\\ f;,,.i them --rew, this s.-ason,

years, of substantial con.>tructi<wi, and the jirst for ^j.,,,,j i^tree which mv brother and myself transplant-

s(ditarv contincmont, of anv interior county in the ' cd twenty- .ne months a;ro. ur.. m January, 1.^51.

1 '1 1 •) r e „ . ,.1 The tree was moved, at the same time with three

State or comitrv, and s'\ en large buildings for puh- l '»< n-. \a , , 1 .., ;. ,...iin,l »l...

•' . X V \ 1 • f- others, a distance of two miles, by wiiat IS calle<ithe

he worship, imhnbng a large ( atli(dii; chapel just ^^.^^,^,,^./,^,/^ „i,.,i,<„i ,d trans[danting. It is n..w in a

erecting. The site of tin' U >rougii is on elevated |*|jjj^. }j^.j^|{|,^, ,.,,y^,jifi,,n, and. with the (dhers, — all cf

•jnamd, m arlv -00 feet above tide-watcr.and overlo ,k- whi.di are bver thirty feet, and one (d" them forty feet.

noj

tbfv^e fe\\ line^. KicCvving— as no one bdter <h>e
^p^^,, you— the great -Idli -ulty of transplanting our
hard-wooded f.rest ire.s. particularly tin' oak and

,. , * , ,-,1 1 1 » n- ► 1 I in hci"-bt -starves at once f'r ornann'nt and shade,

.me o the most );eautilul and best cultivated ag- >»»"' V^'"' .1 . . 1., .<. ,. Hr... r.q-....f ;,.

p I Tnon our new plaee. they prodm-.e a line edect in

ncultural districts m the I ni(»ii. U e have already; ^.J]^-,,^,, ,,(p ^j,d r<dieving the inevitable rawness (d a
one Railroad c uinei ting with t!ie Columbia llailr-tad, i.(.(>f.nt settlement.

and a (;i;ovs ino atiaciimknt to I'iiiladelphia. in)W , Thinking that a simple statement of these facts
progro-sin- to coiopleti ai. in the shipe of a Ihrcrt I miglityncmira-.' otlcrs to ,lo '■'''^••^^'^'■; ^1;^' ;; Y'/,^;'"
Kailroai, which will brin;: us witiiin uvciitv-six miles
of it, a!i«! less than one hour apart, and which

it is expected will bo rL<-q)roratc<l bv man v <d"its |,'^l\!,.ral spech s of the hickory, you will <-on.'ede t at
citizens, and bn.ines. nnn, adopting AVc^t ('heater, , our experiim nt h a^ been ennnently success lul. The
,, . . 1 •• 1 'exnen--<.f transplanting did not excee<i iwi he d(d.

us tljiar oermaneiit re-Kh-nce, so so(Ui as it isc((m))le- '^y <■ '

lars n u" t ne.
tod. In addition to tiie above, West Chof^ter is eel- ' ' ^^ ^,_.^ ^^^ ^^^^. ^ .^^ ,^ :,,,,. ,,,• i,,,,;.

(irated for the exc(dlenco of her Bcho<ns. In addition . ^^^^ v.inijdv as a word of encouragement to t lose
to80V<ra! Moal! on, -^ It .■ uitains three hir^ie U .ard- i ^vhoare cnmpelled to locate themselves and ti.e.r
ingschoob., all well hllcd and llouri.bing. That ofihou-dcdd gods upon a naked ^pot of card.
A. Bulmar is widely and faxorably kiunvn ovei- tin

Tl

le

Union, many of our public men having bo<ai eihicat-
cd under his care, and his s(diolars coming, nniny
of thorn, from the S uithern States, Mexico, j\nd tho
West Indies, His building is large and imposing,
and in the general management of the echoed, system
of thorough instruction, conveniences and comforts

stat<'ment, you perc•■i^ ''. i> "f what A.rW,- . ;< .fme, md
what mny he done. What has (trfnalhj transpired, it
scorns to"me. i- ^^orlh a. -reat <leal more toyour read-
ers than speculations in regard to ;s hat 1- ,,'.^.ildr t'>
he. done !

Truly your friend,

(Ikorge Jaqves.

Worcester, October 20fh, lft52.

308

FUl IT.

''^^^■i AHT

1 ii;. 1.

^ Fig. 1. Glout M.u-coau. (nioo. Morso:) nom;>h va-
riety, fruit ratiior lar-.-. Nurvin- form. I 'i:t u.^u:ii: v ob-
tuse oval, an<l taperii.^T t..w.u-.l.s the (•l•..^^!l, Min'acr
green, becomin;: p:iIo -n-rnish v,.jl,,w ^^hrn rqw,
stalk moilrrat.lv stmit, an inch or nior.' Ion;;, an<l
Bomewhat sunk In a .Mnall n-nlar cavity; calyx
larp\ usually witli op-Mi divisions, set in a nio(l(>rat(-
ly deep hasin. Flesh \vhite, finf> nrrained, and smooth
in texture, hutt(;ry, very nieltin;^. ^vifh a rich sugaiv
flavor without acid. Ilipc in De.'cinb'T.

A\ e have fruited this \ariety this s.>as(.n,on Quince
stock, and there can bu no two opinions as to its be-
ing of the very finest qualitij. It mikes a beautiiu!
pyramid on that stock, is a very vi;j;(>rous ;; -ower. and
we have found an early and prolific bearer, and al-
together one of the most d(>sirabh; varieties. It is
easily recognized by its pale, ash colored l>ark. It
is said not to be so fine on Pear stock.

Fig. 2. Winter Nelis. This is a Flemisli I\ar. and
was originated about twenty ^ears sirce. by M. Ne-
lis, of Mecklin; size mediuu], roundi>h obovale, often
slightly pjrif()ini.\N it h a neck small and short, surface
yellowish green, mucti russeted, stalk an inch and a
quarter long, bent, cavity narrow, calyx, stiff, short ba
Bin, shollow. Flesh yellowish white, fine grained, but-
tery, very melting, rich, sweet or sligljtly vinous, per-
fum:!d, aromatic; in perfection in December, and keeps

r

g-i^-

till the middle of January. This is also one .f th*
very best of pears and ha^ no suf.erior. It or tli^-
J)reeedin;: mi-ht ),.> pr- f.-rred, accordin,:; as the tusN-
or sli-;htly vin.fUM or su^^ary fUvor pi-ed(.iniii;itrd,
l)o^Tnin;;• says it r.ceupies the same rank anv)!)-" in-
ter Pears, as the Se.-kle amon^ autumnal varirtie'^.
It will not do so well on (^lince without double work-
ing, but M-hen so treated prochices fiiedv. We had
about i\ dozen Peafs this season (;n a double worked
tre(\ about tivefcet ITu^h, whiidi were larirer and fiii'T
speciiiKMis, than any we saw at the different exhii>i-
tior)s. Toe tree i-,of rat hei' ^1. nder. ^t ra^'dinf" rrov ti:.
with somewhat pendent brancdies.

We hope the meetin;]^ at Harrisburp; on the iSth,
to establish a S'ate Pomoloo-j,.;^! Society, will n'*t ho
foi-;^i)tten, a!id that tlcre may b.- a full re}>resent;Uion
of l*om do;^ists iVoni ditfrr-erit parts ot" the State
Penn-jylv inia eonlain^, we )»(diove, as fine seedlinf];
Truits a>any other State. These have been toe l"ii,i;
overlooked, and re(julre the concerted action of ^
Ntate Society, to lirin^ y>roperlv before the ])uMii'.
I he re-uhar liutice ,)f the tinn; and pla<-e of meeting
^^ as published in our last month's nuiu}>er.

In the account of the Bucks County Exhibition In
last number, 1500 visiters should read 15,000.

53.)

APPLK'=?"-^Ail')I.l\" A IWrii n\n\[\.

3\)0

h^iM^*im»fmr9mafm-fM.^ imi *-^j.'"awtiiww urn. '.■■>»«— Wi L»Hfl— Wiua

lliwl<'^ ^PP'*' ^'<''niAda Uvd aful N'ortlnfrn ^»p\. tain hicabties. I in»ld ii, m tiu; iughcht e.sliuiation,
Discussions at 1'omoi.ooical <'on>;rkss. | *"*^ ^'/'"^ '/ ^^'^"^^ ^''^' ^'^''"^ generous soil ot West-

I. t \ V I 11 1 ' *''■'• '^''■^^' ^'"^1<

>^ ^ ' ' ' ' . , , ,, M ,1 ' , , • -^l'" <"><»i»M.i-, ui Maine. Mv father lias it, and il

trial, and call on .Mi.bari-y tor his ;.,,(■„

' 1^ pi'ett \ lair.

I»i. doNCS, of Ohio. It hns with us all the reputa-
tion ii;iven it in regard to qinility, though it is not so

^'iiat a b Mier a- 1 suyiposed it to he.

Ilawhy Apple, tor t

opinion.

M: |!\IMIV, of X(;W York. It is verv highly es-
teemed, and 1 think wortliy to be nlaceti on tic ll^t
for trial. If i^ producti\'', the tree is a ;:;ood ^I•o^v<■r,

aiK

raf<

, , , - .1 Mr. Watts, of lloidiester, N. Y. One day previ

1 ,|k. .piaht.N IS v.-ry good,thou;:h p-rhap. not tust- ,,„, ,., „^^ ,,„„;„^, |y,„„ ,,„„,^.^ j ^.^^^ ^^.^ ^^ji^, {•,,,„,

■ <■• • .f 1 I' 1 . I^M■||. strr, w !i re ther<' were twenty-three trees /low-
Mr. Ilov KV, n\ .Ma>'^acliu-''tt-. Irini the speei- :. . i i ...i.i <..ii ..r r....:. ..i ..... i...ir

'»'■ ■■' I 1 11 I ■ ' " '"^^- ' l"Uh i t lif t !-ecs fill! of fruit about half ;::ro\\!i.

in.'ns Ihase sern, I should_ cla^s It amouKlhe Neryi,j ^„,,,.,,,]i, |,,.,,, ^oli, and i^ a thrift v -rower. -
l-t :tpp!<'^ we huve. It is tender an-l ndreshm-, 'p,,,,^.. j,,.^, ;,,, ,„,^ ^,,,,,^^. ,,„ j,^,. ,.,„i^ ,,, j-,,,. ,,„,,,, ,.f

,,,ti, an a-reeabl.' mi.K^ure ol acnl and sweet. ; ^,,,^ ^,.,.,.^ ,,,. ^^j, ,.,.,. ,,,,. ^„„ ,..^„„,,j ^..^ .^^ ^,„.,„^ ,^^,, ,,j-.

CM. llo.x.E. «.f N»'W Y'Tk. think very well <.f ^ ^,.„ •,„,;. ,i,,r. Ahout K . he.ter they ar- c.anm.'ucing

tl,i> apple, and have never heard any thing d.sparag- i j,, ,.„pivate it very ext^ UMXelv. and on hards in tho
in^-aid in relation to it. , vicinitv (.f b .ckjrirt, have b.'en all grafted with this

Mr. llooKKK, (d New Y(M-k. I have known It f<T i^uit. " They hav been known ten ..r fiftern years
Boinc years, and tliere is but one opinion expressed ,n ! ^^.jj,, „^ .^,;,j j,„. j,,,,.,. p^, „,„p^ recnve ,n marki-t for
<,ur Mcinity, with re-ard to it. It is e.Misidered hrst- i ^j,,.,,,^ j^ ^,,.,^ dollars ami a half p^rbtislnl and they
rat'-. I ^vill s(dl sometimes f >r five dollars -in tie" sjirin;^

Mr d. d. Thomas, of New \,,rk. 1 ha e known ,^,,„„. ,„„j ,,, y.-w York, hmunht nine dolhu-. The
thisur>pl" a -reat many years, l: -iwin- on old and r..p„tation In W. stern New \ .^rk is hinli. and if t he
yonii- trees, on liirbt and heavy soi's, and the fruit is ^,. „,!,,,„.„ .;i,v \^ j^rowin- tiny would l,c perfectly
unifoiiiilv L'"od and fair. | ^,.,*\^^

Ki t I -tied \\ 1 1 II it

liir Vote nemi: lawi-o on m\ . \> aiis moiion, ii was j, ^vas vot.'d t hat it b- ree, ,niin. ,i.|ed for gon-.Tal cul-
decid.d that the llawley apple be adinitte.l inlhe list ti\ation in certain hH-alities.
. f th'i-" pri'mi-^inij: W(dl.

Mr. W Atts, (d lvo(diester,N. \. I [iroposcMlie Cun
ada lici, whi(di is the Massachusetts N'oiismdi, for
l^eiieral cultivation.

Mr. J. J. TnoMAS, of New \oik. It has been
widely cultivated, ;ind \ Miiiik it alin"st m orthy of it.
Ithaspro\'d ;:;oo<l m Ohio, atid in .Now \<)ik, lait
whrtjii !• or not lar south I am unable to say. j

Mr. Wa'iTs of lvo(diest'-r X. \'. At bofdiesn-r it '
is coii^hh'red oTiC (d" o\ir best Y\ esterii ;:;rowin;r np-
nlcH, and i-> patitailarly fine as a desert iruit. (Mr.
\Vatt-> hi'- piosciited a j-aintiuji; of tlie apple beauti-

fullv < 'do! rtl. 1

.Mr. Ka.iKi 1'.\k<on.-. .d Lou;;: [,-land. On L<in;_';
1-laiii, wo think it is (.tie of the best we have. |

-Mr. li.M:uv, (d New NOrk. It has been tried a.
I'lti;:; wliili- aiel is an excellent apple. |

Mr. W'ai.kkr, (d Massa(diusetts. All I have heard
ha- l)e<'n lavorable to it. It is very e.\( a llent; but o- :
ver'tM ars itself.

Mr. ( Joon.M.E, of Maine. It is well known in our j
markets, and is almost uniformly sjiotted. and is the j
laM Iniit we siioull want there. I

Mr. I>o\\M\(;. of New York. I am to d that thit
is the case throii(j;h the State of ('oniio.ti(ait.

Mr. liooKKi;. of New York. In Y\'»-tern New Yoik
throe-fourtliK df the crop liav(> been worthlc-s, but
Ml !cr -UM(I (ailti\ation it is excr'lcnt.

I he i!ioti(;n was amended so as to read that it be
reeoniiie rnh',! f .r ;:;eneral cultivation, in certain lo-
''iiliiirv, and then unanimously adopted.

Mr. Sm I., (d" New York.^ 1 would FU<r;]ce8t the
Nortiurn Spy as worthy <A' trial.

Tol lioix.K. .d" .New Y(M'k. There is but one f»pin-
ion in r(>^rar(i to that aj.ple with u^. AVe eonsiiler it
<aie (,j the very best winter varieties. It has lieen said
t" he 6y)(ttted, but with us it is not so. 1 esteem it so
hi^ddy that for two or three years, I have been platit-
"■/ 'lit lar-r ondiaials <d' it."'

•^Ir. Md (r.H. It has been fruited in Pennsylvania,
•^'id has hecome knurley.

Mr. AValker, of Massachusetts. It has not proved
in the neighborhood of Hoston what we expected of
it. When I tirst saw it I thought it the best apple I
had ever eaten, but now I think it suited only to ccr-

S I

For the Farm Journal.
Carolina nurklhorn.

Kham uis Carolinianus; unarmed; leaves 0?al eb-
lon^, obscundy .serrat<-, j;labrous; umbels axillary;
fh,wers perfect, pentandrous, petals minute, embra-
cing^ the very short stamens ; styles united to the sum-
mit; stigmas three; fruit globose, three seeded.

Native of the Carolina?, Georgia, Florida, and west
of the Mississippi. This beautiful little tree is found

nio

CAROLINA BrCKTHOKN-KOSK-lU OS-AI I>LKS, Ar.

'^AN

to be quito Ijardy in JVnnsylvMiiia; jind the ('lo<:;an(0
of itH fnlia;^,' jind fruit rondor it a vory desirable or-
nament for country resideLces. The beautiful gloss
(•f the leaves is not exceeded by any other pl:int with-
in my knowledj^o. It exhibits its fniif, nliioli is near
the size of a pea, in a red dres^ for a few weeks ;
during this time it is quite showy; it th(»n chaniroH to
a beautiful glossy black, presenting a v.'ry rich iip-
pearance, which it frequently retainsuntil I'lt^- in d,*-
winter, Somi'times a flock of ro))ins will :ut:i.k tlp'
fruit late in the autumn, and devour it in a ,l,iv or
two. In the autumn ..f IS.'I. thr fruii nf tl,.> trrr a'
bove represent.^ w;i-. .juickly .Mt.-,, },v t}. ,s." l,inls.
I countrd f,,rty ;it ..n.> tin..' thus .mi, -a-.-,!, and cnn-
clndcd their taste difr-r(Ml n)u, I, fmni my own. as to
my palate it is very r)auseous. Tliis tn-,. ,rp„vM fVoni
1 ) t

''Air,

»

having ),.en carefully hand picked in baskets, sh,,,,.
M' laid on a floor, by hand, without pounn<. from, ^
l»iiskets. uut.I they are fith.n ton^htorn inclwv.Z;
HH.i c t to dry ami s.asnn tlnv- uv.ks ; wl,.,, J^!
carefully park,,! n, .-I^an |,arr.l«, th-y ni in 1. ^
without rott,,,::. any n-a^.naM.. l.n^rii ot n,„M !,S; J
;ut lvs..nt toany part of Knn.pe or r}.. Kast h,[,^
lli(!planof <lrMi.^ ;,n,l seasoning m tl.,. ujr b.-fura
b:lrnd,n;,^. pn-vail-'d generally some v.-ars W „,
though, now-a-.!ays. it is mostly .lis,;.ntinu. ?! *.' i
twu-ht us.l,..,. W,. nr,. d,^p ,s\vl ,,. think w.'.Ji ,
tins proiMvss wh.Mi It l...CMn.s in.portanL t , kr r, -i,

pi-vs safrly till IM'X^ ^pri,,;; to >.mh1 to jor..i.M, roui.lriM

for w<> ha;. 'always o!,>erv.d that on opmin-:, larr"j
a f.'w days alt»M- hang put up. in r'vor so dry wcath.r
that th.' nioistuiv ..ftrn stands in drops o\or wh,,],'.
surfa".'s, and alihough loos,, barrels will a!I,.w a
mostly to rvaporat... yt whrre thcv conie in coutact
tmMwo surfju-cs retain it and rausi^ n.t.

'1 00 carrying of appl-^ in a conunou wa-^on, cither

t«-'f.otl„;;!,,..,Hl n, (..v,„-.l,l.> s,„l un.l .lin.u,. ! l..i:.r.. ,„■ arfH.UT,.l,„,r. is ini„n„„s-,l„.v sIh U

h'W l-lt .r.ro,. r ..If.:.. I.I , ,. I 1 • , . ,.,. . * 'i".nu !/♦'

Hon.e^N hat larger. I ohtaine,] (!„. ;,!.on,. f.urteen or
fifteen years ago. at li irtram's ( iard.n. on theSrhuyl
kill near T^liiladclphia ; it is now about liftoen feet
high.

I have another species, the i:!,:n,n,n«» C^iUhartictic
which, though less beautiful, is Uiueh eslecnied north
and east()f us for making hedges. It is also ni dl.-i
1 al, ami is used in the arts.

West Chester.

[The annexed engraving is from a daguerreotype,
which we had taken, with tho view of bringing a very
beautiful tree more into notice. We haxe ^^wsx a.l

moved on springs or slrsU. The l.-asi abraMuu ,,( th.
sk F1. or crushing of tlx ,-eIl of the pulp c .ntaiiuii.'
tlw'juiee, allows f-rrnentation and (ieeoiupositi.,,). n,^
the consequent de.-ay of th" whole ma^s.

Apph-,^ will not frer/M until at a tenq^eratiiro uf

from .) to 1(1 den-pps }»«'!. iw tl... (V ,;,.,, .. :. » v _

■ . . 1 fit-

ter, and It IS heneiieial to ke.'p them as eool a.s pn>.si-

'•'''' <'^'" 'J"^^" "• •'" degrees. Apples inelos^'d i,i :j

Nsalei-Mglit eisk. iniy I,- Irft in a cold loft all wi.,t( -

without iurtlpM- care, ate! will !„■ «<,und in the sprint

and perf-'tly [:,^sh.—[aciiese(' Farmer. "

Slate II 'rd R . )L.

^ With the view of facilitating the formation of a
State iler<l Book, a« sug-^ste,! |,v ..ne of the stock

which have been collected by hi;n an 1 planted within
the last twenty years. Mmy of tie in aiv rare here,
J^nd the collection is one of much interest to the
Botanist.]

Cure for Hos -Iiuirs,

Keeping Apples.
Mr. Pell, of Ulster county, the celebrated exporter
of apples to Europe, recommend* that apples, after

find it necessary to make up an extra sheet of a f'vr
pages, but after being once fairly posted up, a p;ij''
or two of the Journal monthly, we think will he suf.
ficient. In l^ngland, \\c undersiand that a Herd
Book for Devons' has also been puMished.

Sul)scribers to i^irm Jnnrnal in f^hilail'l[>hia. in
addition to W. IV Zieber, South 3rd st., can he sup-
plied with the work by A. M. Spangler, at ('. B. Ro-
gers' Seed Store, 29 Market st., who will also receive
subscriptions.

I

mired it, standing in the arboreiuni of our iVi,.,!.! ' ^''>"^'"'^t<'''^ 'it the late Ttir. ami to aeeonimM,];U.^ ^
Jo.shua Iloopes, with its branches bending witli the ''.^nier. and lireed-rs. we an- willing to .hver,. a
weight of fruit. This arboretum, by the w.-iy, is well i P'^^'' *'^' ^^"' ^''•^''"i dnurnal. at the riose ..f th- road-
worth visiting, and contains in litthj mure than hall '",^' ''>:^^t. r in e,i,h niinilrT. to regi.^tering Pedigrees
ftn acre, nearly 200 varieties of trees and shrubs, | '^^ ^'"" I""'""'' "' '"* '"'"^^ '''i'"''-

K\''ry number of the Journal will heTeafler con-
tain its own index, so that they can be rea'lilv ro-
fernnl to. at each separate Imsmc. and wIkmi the vol.
is (tlosel. an index of st >ek will also a. 'company. Ax
our Journal will from time to time be illustrated with
portraits of the l>e.>t animals of tie* State, the whelo
A subscriber wishes to know if anv one can su;_- will we thin'.;, wh-n boun.l up make just surh 'V

fhf r\'l'l'^'^''^ ''^ pn>venting the yearly im.ur.ion. of H.pl ]> ..k as i. want^.l, and prohaMv mueh cheap-
tho rose-bug, and IniMng h-ard c(»nsnlerab.e com- , •. , . m • a u p

plaint among our neighbors at having their cucum- ^'^-^"'^ 4"i^" '^^ complete as any plan that ran he
bervs, grapes and other fruit d-stroye(nry these in^e«'ts. I P^'^P'*"^*''^- ^1" ^'''- ownt^rs of fine animals appr^vo
I will suggest a rem ?dy.— IMant i'n the centre of vour i thi.> plan, an. I send us tle-ir pedi'Te.-s we shall o>n\-

f^''''J''^^;^'''''^f publication in our next number. The

light on anything .dse. AV e have a large garden with •, • i .. , .

almost every kind of fruit, vines, shrubbery and How- '"'^'"'^' '^ " <ommenc(Ml the better. At hrst, we ni.v
era, with several kinds of roses, and in the centre we
have four bunches of damask rose-bushes, and I nev-
er saw in the whole gard<m a rose-bug on anvthin*^
but the damask rose. When they are in IiIossmoi. T
go into the garden once a day witli a pan of hot water,
and shake the bugs from these roses into the water.
and get about a pint at onetime: this 1 j)racti(;e for
a few days, and then they will disappear.— [Z^av/o;i
Cult i vat or.

18.')3.1

COMMrMr.MloNS.

,". 1 1

PeN.SSVLVANIA IIoRTirUI.TURAL SoCIKTV.— The pro-

cedini'H of the renn^\l\ania Horticultural Society*
were received just as we were loekin^ up the f ,rm
for ill'' {'H'^J*. ^^^ ^'-^'^ withhehl >])ace till the \ery
latest meinciit, l»ut owing to their length and the late
hour nt which they were received, we are comp^'llcd
to defer tln^ir pu])1ication until our next numljcr.

"We call attention t'> the advertlsem-'nt of Adrian
Cerreil. "i" j.ure Suil'olk pig^- This is a valuable
hreed, "i g'>'"l f"rm. and very ca^y feeding. The
.4t,M k of A. ('ornell has been (d>tained from the best
- ,iirees, airl we are assured is well worthy of atten-
ti;.ii of tliose wishing to improve their breeds.

soon as daylight nr the sun appears. It is saifl. that
in '<i\tv bushels of in lul'l tak'ii from a field wh(>rn
the larva of Peviral species (allii-d to the one we are
conslibrinu') prevailed, there were twenty-thriM- bush
els of the caterjilllars.*

It apjicars that what first di.-^closcd from the egtr,
they subsist on the \ari<iu^ grasses — and on the aj)-
proaeh of (mM fiMhty weather th'-y ^o down int(> tha
j^rttund aid remain inaelive. and app.-ar in tin* spring
agun about hali ^row n, which is the tinr^ they cx-
hihit their (lestructive (pialities. Dr. Mcdsluiinuir,
Ha\s"the moths as well as the larva" of this specii^H,
"vary much in the (hqith of their color, from a ])alo
ash loan obscure brown. The ordinary spots of the
upjicr wing-, of the moth are always connected ])y a
bl.ackish line; where the color is (d' thi^ decqx^st shade
these splits are V( atrerjy visible; but whiui it is light-
er thcv are \ery obvious."!

This moth is \ery abundant in Pennsylvania as
well as in the Kastern States, from the h(^ginning of
June until the middle of September, and bouicLliuoH
when the weather Is warm tliey may be found near tho
(uid of the month, and (>ven later. The transforma-
tion of the pupa ociairs usually in July, and the fore-
part «if September, aocordin;; to the season. Tie f)re-
wing- are geii(»rally of a <lark a^h color, with faint
traces of wavN transver'-c haieb; the innd wings are
This in^oct ]) longs to an old family ( Xodni'Jd') of a dirty whitish eolor. darkemMl towards th(^ margin.
nectunial Lopidoptera or night-Hying motlH ; lait | h expands from one inch and a half to one intdi and
rii .r" r-'e-aitlv, it and a nun)!) t of others oi similar il^yo .-ipiarters. In a stale of re>t the wings ov(^rlap

Original Communications.

Fur the Fnrm Journal
Nurtua .\|;rotIs* Clandcstina, Cut-worm.

characti r, hal/it^ and ap]»earane(", ha\e ]>'.i\\ group-
ed togetler and named Agr(»tidians (Ajroftih'hr) or
rustic dart moths : p'-ihaps. from being found )>rin-

each other Hat up -n th" back. During tin? day it
liiv, iiid in (diinks and ereviees of fences, walls or
barks ni' triM's. aiel appear.'^ at night with hosts of

dartin;: motion in their flight. 1 am per>uad'd the
moth is very little known as ])eing identified with the

cipallv 111 the ti.'Ms. and some of tlean maniifsting a others, and is attraeted by burning bunps, (^andlei*

or any otle-r luminr»us body. The cater{)illar is usu-
allv smooth, naked, and (»f a dark color, of a cylin-
l.irva or caterpillar whieh produce's it, and whose; 1 drical form, ta|)f'ring a little at each end, and is pro-
hi-<te.ry and extermination is the chief concern of the i y\^\^.^\ with sixteen leg^. Among tin; various r(uno-
a;.^ri(ailturarist and the vegetal)le grower. The larva , ^\\,.^ rec(»nunended for their destruction or to prcn-ent
in h 'tier known as the "cut-worm" so destructive to ; t||,.",r rava;^es, is soaking tlu! various kinds of seeds
all }oune succulent ])lants, and the very terror of the | j^^ c()pj»eras water, or ndling them in linm or ashes;
kitcluai gardener. The illustration at the head of i,,,t ;js tic eut-'.vtmi <1o"h not atta-k tin? seeds, this
this artiele represents the moth oi the corn <-ut- i ^^,^ j^.^y,. ),,,f p,fth. rffect, excej't pd haps to ac-elerate
Worm. It does not confine itsidf to any particular i ^j^^, gorminatiou and growth of the plane. Fall

vegetahle hovvev(;r: all that are succulent being alike
relished hy this indiscriminate devourer; but if left
U)\tH lAvn choi.'e, it seem-, to prefer the young corn
when it is only a few in( he^ hi.rl,.

They sumetimct mako their appearance in great
numbers and at racier irregular periods, and togeth-
er with others belonging to the s une gi'ouji, eommit
great ravages to the young corn, leans, cabbages, tte.
They usually bury themselves in the soil three or
four inches from tho root of the plant during tin-
day, and come up at night, or in cloudy days, and
cut the tender vegetables off near the surface of the
soil, and after having devoured a portion, if not all of
it, they return again to their former hiding place as

ploughing the land intendcMl to he planted in corn,
whereby the cut worms are thrown up and devoured
by birds, or exposed to the cdd, seems also of doubt-
ful utllilv, although I ha\e f.amd nnuiy of them in
places of exposure, dead in the spring. The only
certain mode i« to go to \\(.rk, wh.Te it is known they
havecornnieiHcd eutting the young corn or vegetabhjs
ami dig them up and destroy them by hand, a des-
cri|>tion (d" whieh is given hy Mr. Asalnd Foote in
the "Albany Cultivator" and 17th vol. of tin; "Now
En d and Farmer. S. S. K.

^Roller's Treatise, P. 04, Ac.
filarris' Treatise, P, 320.

i

fel^i* ■

312

<^OMMl \|( ATHiXS, <fec.

\M .'liy

F'lr the Fiirm Jourisnl.

Mr. Kditor: —

A fact of Hin.il! iinj.irf.'inco in qnmo,
but perhaps of jHvanta^e to otlicrs „{ y.-ur yr:,.\.TH,
came under my observation a f.w ,layH since. Whil,'
huskin;; out my corn, one of my hands, win, wished
t() f^et a few ears of the eight rowel kind f,.,- s. ,.1,
ascertained by finding two ears on m,,.' -t.ilk. tl.:if

Tlie Jeff.THoI, '{'..Wnsllip. F;url!r T. uiitv A^l

tural Society, held! i..n- tMst "aunua! KxhlluiC,;
Hrowr.svill.., ^n tli. LV„h and iTth m| ()c't(d»cr 'H
<;-^'"'"^" " -d' the diir-rciit k ; nds . ,f st, mR w;'m,,'"
fill'-, .-ind >nrpas>.-d ih,. ,,,^^1 s:inginn(M-x}M^ia't;,„',;^-
the Society,, a> to nunilMT and (juaiiiv. 'I'ljo diHt'l '
made in the Il.,riicultural d-par M.rnt hhowrd \2i
\ye are Imto, Minor ;ie,,uaint.d ,, ,,j, jj^,, nn|H rtanee of
, ^his l,ran( h (it |>, nu'stir liidiisirv.

one of them was of the eight nAved, and fh.' uth.r '""" '''N'l-^v nia.h" in the honi.'^tir .Manufacturing.

of the twelve rowd N.n-iety: and hv farther <d,s,.rva- ''^'''V'^'"' ."/; ■^l'"^^<•d urll 1,,,- the n.annhicturii,;; li,'

;:r ' '^:r' "-• ■"• •■•■ •'"»> -^■^^- -■■ '--'^ ; ^i^^rt:;;,':;;:;: '::;l,:: ■■; :':r'::;,!':;:;-::::;;,:t

tw(, g.MMl lull grnNvn ears, thirteen (d' the,,, were nf | -'tl:erwi.e weuid have hern, had the day hr.,, ninr.
a n,ixtur(\ the h.Nvrr (>ar being invarial)Iy the fidh'st, ! l'''"'P'^'"i'-^; nev."rtheI<'Ks great credit is'ibn; tu i!;„se
c.mtaining genei-ally tw.-lve n,w.s ,uu\ the unner one ' p'^^'"'";" •^'•ti<'{«-s for exhil>iti<.n, and nini-e jartuu-'
•dghtn.ws. rids ;n,n w-is (n,Mn.rIv ftl ^^"N l'\'''y so fo,- the taste, skdl and industry of ,..,^1..,,
^,^. ,,. . ,, '''■;'""/^'^'^'<""'"rh nrth(MM.n,mon Wivrs, and (hiughters nt the surrounding rou.itry
yelh.w ei'dit rowed variefv. but nnw ..n,... ..;..!.* . " ^-

I

We observe by the list «.f premiums, that tiir rn;ii,
agers of tliis (Miferprising Society have en.lr:iv,,r>-.i
to enlist the whole feeling and interest of their ct,i)i-
munity, by taking a wide swath and eiuhra- in- ,i

yellow eight rowed variety, but now aft.-,- right years

<Mdtivation on the farni. it has ,-ut, into <-ar"s of ten

twelve and fourteen rows. Th.-,v are ,ua.,v fanne,-.

>" this sectinn. who think that the ..i.rht row corn is

hardier ami .„■ Iw.ff.r i". > ", , muniiy, hy taking a wide swatl, and einhni-in.

iniMii. 1 ami oi ix'tter (juahtv. am with the (je'i th'it i i x • ,

••l.k.. l„....,s ,,U..;' ... ',..„,-, „ .„ , „„„; ; ; I '■ •■^-""1-; ■■> -„. ,.s „..t „M,.llv ..,„..r,.,l , „ .:.,

''ina r„rr,la,„ , ,.. -...ov. f.-t r.ndor t a ' '" ""■ ''^"'' ''"""' '''"'""""' ""

•fethcr snrw.rt!,. ,, A . ■ . • «'-a.u; great ftucce.^ft oi I n i.s Liiei r Ursi exo ) nu loii IS 1)0 (louU

' t, ;,^ ':^ '■'•"'^"'' '"''"^ 1-Ha..nl.ut.hl,.t„,s„oh....,„rs,.. in a,l,litio„ tothocusv

Ivr.. ' ' l" , ; "" "'"""■■'""' "^-i"-y'l-l-l^'yorarti,-l,.s,„Hi,„lpre,niu,nslKu..l„...„.-

large, r oar^ of the same kind of ,-orn .1/ i i- . •>• ,• ^

w aided lor liailies Itiding Horses, and light Harness

horses. Maltese Jachs, Merino, Saxony, French Merino,
and other Merino sheep, specimens of several of the

larg.,T cars of the same kind of ,-orn.
Wyoyning Vallnj, Pa. LSo2.

(\ M.

tnprnvod breed- of Fowls, articles of wool and cotton
lanufai-ture, ([uibs, eovt^rlets. carjiets, sewinn; silk*

[Selected from :in Ki,^-li,h Nv,„-k, n.r tho -F.irm ,-. ■, , ■ ■„

■T.'un,,.!,- |,y J,,|„, M. lUvUu, Kr.ilduun CIicsUt I '"'"' '?'' ''"""'' '"vrl.'ts. oar|„.t., ..nv,,,. s,H-

County Pa ! ' ' {'^^intings, Paguerr«M)types, Ix'c hives and bee^. wrap-

I'U'g }i:ip.er, drugs, perfumery, [icnnian^hip, itc; "al
so, ;t large variety of agrii-ultural imph m- n!", ;:rain
<li-i]ls, g,-ain reapers, clover and timothy howens cut-
tnig boxes, carriages, buggys. Scr., and an extcn^ivo
list uf our m't^t iipjiri/ved varieties of Fruits. We
observe also, a premium of $1(K) to li. l>utlir];^tnii, a
small boy, for a steamlH)at, and a *'pr»'miuiii to Mr.
Miller fnr vegetable eggs." These last '^cdipse any
tiling we have be<'n able to bring out, as yet, at vJ
Chester (\u,ntv Horticultural or Imlustrial Kxliil»I-
ti'ius. There perhaps will be some excuse for u^, in

Case of a !>.-.. ken leg. that had been ami)utated by
IVofessor dulm 'i'indall.

"In 1828,1 was sen: f.r to sec a three year (,ld heif-
^■r, that had broken her leg al..;ethe fetlock joint

^'"'^•*^«^^ '^••^'J ' " att.Mnied by another person for

ten days pr,-vinusly, who amputated ti»e l..g. Wlnm
i attended, th.> wound was i., a gangrenous state,
and I applied spirits of u ine, camphor, and the tinc-
ture of myrrh, with poultices made cd wheater, Hour,
jeast and honey, to the stump: and in the course of

twelve days, the wound was brou^d.t to a ^..od con """'' ''" ^"'^'''^'' '"''' ''" '""'' ''''"" *'"" ''' "

si.stence. The only thing to be ...lidenMrn-w was ^''" *"'' '''''''^'- ''' ""'* ''''''"'^ water, the Ih.u^y

how the animal was to walk and .-ra/e I therefore '"'" '""''' '^ '"" '"''"" '^'' *'^"^ '" ''"""' '' *'

got an artificial h- made of cork and . b...i ".ake navigation decidedly un>ai;; but what arC'TC-

got an artificial leg made of cork, and a leathern
hoot, to lace above th<' earvil j,,Int, to keep tlu' h'g
in a proper state, and I soon had the satisfaction (d
seeing ,ny patient walk and feed with little inconve-
nience. I give this case to show the iie,v»ssity, when
an animal has fractured a limb, to get a skilbill p.-r-
pon to set it, and it will in most cases, unite in about
thirty days,*' j^ y^ jj

Easf t\ili>w/irld, Chrs/f^rro., T\i.

We have received from our friend William Kllh t
a copy of the Brownsville Free Press, containing the
account of thci first annual Agricultural and llorricul-
tural Exhibition of the Jefferson township, Fayette
county Fair. It says ;-—

getabh' (\u'gs?" Have our friends out thei-e really got
to growing ''^/f/s on buslies for a held cro{»? if .'-'•. the
fowls may w(dl ex(daim — "their occupation's (rnm-,'
or are they what we call here, egg })lants, thatareir-
tended ?

AV o coTigraf ulate tlie Society on tlieir .success thus
far. and hope tlie influence of their (dfort will stimu-
late other counties around tb.em in the same cause.

Taricots Foil Horses. — The stable keepers are be'
Ldjining to find that these vegetables form a choap
and nutritious food to mix with grain for their hor-
ses. It is better to give a working horse a peck of
carrots and four quarts of oats or corn meal a day,
than to giv© him six quarts of meal.

1853.1

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314

SWINK -POTATOES.

Fattening Suiiie— Commenrt' i:aiJ3.
By the hist census it a

We have heluro ur;,^.,! tl,<. im|,ortanc(^ of an early
COinmoniTmcnt of tl..' pn^ccRs of fattcnin^r. ;nu\ n-.W
repeat that it is a(lvisal)le, lor tln' n'ii>,.i, that artid.-
of food can he nia(h> use of which woul 1 Mth.-iwi.,. h-
wasted, an<l tiiat inil.l weath- r i> miuU inm-r favora-
blo to taking (;n th.'fth than (chi.

At this season, m.^st Jaiiners have (juantit ies r fau-
tnmn apples, sunnner s(p::ish.-s, ,>ar!v potatoes, Sii\,
Nvhu'Ii wouhl p.'rish or (h'teriorate sadlv \,y keJpin^r'
but are now oi rousiihTahl.' valu.' — \>vll worth sav-
in;:, at Last— a.s 1..,.,! jor Nwm,.. Ih)ih'd
and mixed n\ ith in. -ah Ue-v an

(»r steannvl
w.'ll reii.sli.'d, and lor
a coninirru'riiicrif m lattcniii;:. answ.TaN wi'jl
be desircMh W Iwv,- apph-s and potato(>s
used. \vh>'n l)uil..il i,, ;i Jar^r,. k,.t(l.

It IS

as ean

are both

a ^<hm1 phin

to put tlie apph-s 111 ti,>t_thr r lour hu>he!s ,,f ap

blcH to one of potatoes, and ,-ovrr with the hitter—
well washed, of cuurbe.

1' ^■

.esameaiithontv a.lvi..s frrdin;: I ..dian eorn U
f.r.Mi ,s lullv hanirnrd. as it is thm ihmh- r.'J^
and lully di-esteil, and lu.th corn and o ih arv ,n',Mi'
as w.-ll as the stalks if -i vii to swine winl.. y.-t ..p * !'
Jln> phintm this sta^n. contains ,mi,di sw^^^ar, aini ih,.
IS a inost core-, titrated form o!" nutrinicnt.

To contdud.', we would say. coniinence early u.r
e.H.ked food— iiu-reasin;,r the richness thereof as il,.
process p)es on, feed re;,MiIarlv and fully, Rtt.'n.i tu
the comfort of your pork(>rs, and do not* for-rt iC
marnire heap, and no dnubt lar^^e profits wilf r.sn'i
Irom this branch of farming; economy. — \ Ohio far
iner. * ^

C^uano on Potatoes.

I-i'^t sprlnix T !>lanted f^ur acre.^ (.f t... tntoo... on a

i^ht

ivN o \ car old s.xl; the

St)l|

was a vtiv

. 1 oi 11 nil wnn water, iind - ..

when pufficiently cooked, .add enou;:h meal t.. make a l"nni, well cahulated to raise suuud r.otatoe.

thick puddm-lik.' nia^s. T!n« meal will bo cooked it '"vd hem hard run. and m-ver m mured it
by thus mixin«; w' > ■ ■'

-ravp

not be e.xp.'cted to produc

-1^'' bot. S .nw' farmers ^rind up
oats and j)eas, oats and ccjrn, (.at-^ and barlev, (,r
shrunken wheat for this purpose.

An Orleans county farmer informs us of a mode of
fattening which he has practiced with mm h hucce.«<s,

not ditferinn; materially from that ab..ve re. •ommended!

lie commences early, having th<> pen open into a small ''^"'^ }^<'bitoe*^ ]>lanted in the n-ws. from twelve t
yard ndjoininp;, that the Im-us mav ha\e exercis(^ and ^"i»>*'*''''» imdi-s between the setts. On tlHT/'mainin

V

jut as

'■'luld

. '^ l:^r-e crop. I p].,wrd

the land .h'cp and well, as earlv as the weather w^xU

,, , „ ..^- ^- 00b

108. or 1 eruvian ^uano were sown bn.adcast. The
land was then furrowed out in rows about three foK

to

permit, h-ttin- it lie till tin' t"ime ..f plantin^r_M:w
lOtli. It wa> tlien dragn;,^Ml, and un two acres GtiO

"^

two aci'es no e-uauo, oi

nianuii' df nny kin 1. wa> a|:>-
plied. though treated exactly alike in'every (*tiicr r^

Spect.

As Soon as the plants were u}) there wa!^ a rleciijod
difference visible, 'f he ^'"uaiK e<l ones bavin;; w rich-
er, darker hue. which thev maintained threin^liout

get at the ground at plea^ire. 'lie be;ri,,s feedij
boiled apples, pumpkins, carrots, p.^tatncs, ,\r., mix-
ing the same with some li^ht mill-leed. V. hich'he is
careful to measure so that lie may irraduallv increase
its ricliness to the hist, when he feeds nothing but corn
meal pudding. He is also j>articular to let 'The mush

stand a half day or s... until the saeharim> fermenta , the summer. In the fall, when the unguaiioc.j'pota
tion commences— which is undoubtedly the most pro- ' ^^^^^ ^^''^e rpiite rip.> and the vines dead'^the guaiiood
per stage lor feeding. He never fails in making the *'"<'''^ ^^'f^r<^ growing luxuriantly, t)ie vines covering
first .juality of pork, and a good deal of it. I the wdi(»le space between the rows.

A^ e remarked that mild weather was m.»st favorable The potatoes were dug the last week in Octolicr.
for fattening. Food is the fuel for keeping up animal i '"^'^ •^'"•''irattdy measured. On the unguanoe.i two
heat, and the loss ne(>d of expenditure in thi> respect, , «i''rcs, there was ll;^S bushebs, and (.n th<' two acrrsi
thenvwv rapidly will flesh bo aecumulat(Mi. Tludr i K"!^""^**^ ^H'* huslnds, making a difference in faver of
comf(U't should 1)0 studied as a matter (d' ecnmunv, ^'lo guano cd' M') bu. ])er acre. All the potatocH are
for a discontented, restive animal, In) vever nondi In' ]><'rlectly sound and gond, but the guaiexMl ones are
may consume, will never fatten rapidly, 'f heir sleep- j much the Largest, with scarcely a small one among
ing places should be drv and well littered,— and well ; ^'»^'"- The guano cost in \.w York two and a li:ilf
v/^ntilated, for pure air is of im}>ortancc to everything l <'<''its per pound: freight, br.'aking the lumj»s, sifiiii;:,
that breathes it. ' '^ and sowing it, would make its cost on the land time

As to the amount of f )od to be given daily, wo > ^^^'''' l"*""'^' "^ ''^•M^*''' '^^i*^'- The Sf. extra budi

think it important lo supply all fatt(Miing animals' with ■ '^^^ "^' potato<»s will more than pay f )r tlu^ guane, Ac,
just as much as tiiey will (-onsume witTiout wasting, ^'^'^ ^^''^^'^ ^ g<^'"' I*!*"^"' 'r""i'» the inv(>stment.

As regards the best mode of applic ation. I mar
state that in an;)ther field this year I had an acre ef
potatoes, pai-t of which were guanoed, as on the oth-
er two acres, l)V sowin;: broadcast, planting the po-

Tl

Hi

either by leaving, or by not fully digesting

Boston Ctdtivatijr \\\ remarking upOn this subject, il-
lustrates it as follows: *'A certain amount of* \\)iM\ i,

daily required by the animal to support lif<\ OI- sup

ply the natural waste of the b(.dy— -for the process of tatoes in hills. On part (d the acre the guano was a}
life is one of consumption and decomposition. The P^''"' ''^ ^^''' l^^^f, phuing the guano immediately over
accumulation of fat and extra flesh is onlv a deposit t;ho [x'tatoes, separating them with a little soil, othe^
of superfluous nutriment, wdiich not being reipiired ^'"^^ it; would injure the sett. The pot itoes thui
for the system at one time, is laid l)y for future emor- ! treated were much bdtrr than where the guano vrai
gencies. Now, if no more food is given daily than is | 8^>'«'i broadcast. Four rows loft unguanoed were not
sufficient to supply the natural waste, no surplus flesh ! "^ '^^^ than half as good as where guano was applie^i*
or fat can be formed. If, for instance, a fitrmer has ' I consider guano a most powerful and valuable m»-

135.11

STIIAW CUTTEll-WOllK FOJl TIIK .MONTH

3ir>

niirp. thou;i;li whether il will pay as well to apply it
to wheat, corn, orotluT grain crops, as it has in this
instance to potatoes, 1 e inn t say. I have 8<)wn
jdine on wheat this fall ai d «an already see how far
it extende<l, the differenee bein<j: very perceptible. —
II. C. IvKS.— itochester, N. ^ ., i8o2. — [(taifscf. Far-
mer.

taste of turnij)s, Si.-., in milk and butter; aecm-^t )ni
calves to the halter, by being reguhirlv tied u;. ,it
night in stalls; give extra food to working o.\eii ; have
Corn ground in e.ib fwr feeding ; atteid to niaimre in
yard as directed last month , pn.te.i all i"i'N and ye-
hicles from weather: h;iul lime, ashes, and such oth-
er ftM'tilizors as may Im' wanted ih.- caiiing h(>ason.
Sheep should have ^'(kkI sheddin;^, and be led, besides
good hay, with oats daily, and also roots, sufficient to
ki'Op them 111 u; ),m1 thriv ing CDnditinn. 'fhere is no
gam at laiaijing time IVom sheep poorly kept through
winter; liny should also luive access to water and
sail at their pleasure. At leisure times, and in wet
Weather, mak(; plain gates tt) substitute fur bars all
oNer the larm ; there is great economy in this, (ilivo
attenteai to poultry. bet them have a warm house
to go to, with stune rehise meat, grain, sand and ash-
es al\v;i.yi at hand. A lew well kept will pay better
than a largo number running at largo and uncared
lor.

I'Vuit Orchard.

.. ^,. ., , , ,, , ^. ,. ,, But little is to be ^.iid. lailhcr than directions for

Webb's ratent IFa> and Strwu ( ulUr.

rr^ y ■ ' I' 1 r i I last i I c -n I j i 11 lid er 1 1 II s 11 ead . R'anove all long grsM^s

The above :s an engra\nig of a ne.v and usidul j ' .

improvement in Straw Outteis. pat. nted in IH.'O. and nnd lul^bish from tr. e>. whieh attra<t mic«'. liank

up earth :\h Inlore recDmniendeiL Arrange plan ol
orchard and fruit garden for sprin;: plaulin;:: >elect
at this leisure season, from hult b^ks and other

not as yet widely intr*Kluced. \\'c consider it, fbr

several reasons, the best inacdiine for this purjiose now

in the market. It <'ombines siinplirity (d arrangement

with great efficienev, cutting two to thr<'e bushels in

u minute, ^\lth hand pnw.r. The l.nuoi, ,,f cut with ' sources, what Narl-ti--^ will pr-bably be wantoil : j.ro-

tliis machine i>i about three f. mi rtli'^ of an iie'h, l,a\in;i ^ jde i'-nein;:; materials and have them reaily for early

use; eiu ilown vvm-oul and decayed api>l(^ trees;
provide slakes and taUi.v^ luitrers; plant t he .>rchard
on pap'-r in winter, at, b-i^ufe. and tlius e-jirilite bus-
in(;ss in spring; Kproad limo over ol 1 -r. li.iids ; mod-
erate pniiim,^ may be allend"'l t^ in this month; dig

two knives ; those with three knives the eut i-- hall
ail iieh. Its construction is simply on the shear
principle, a straight knife cutting on a curved edge,
with adjusting and set si-rew^, to reorijlate the ap-
j)roa(di of the knives to the curve<l edge, Tlere is no
intrieaff rigging to brt ak or <j;ei out (d" oriler,and the
vli(i!e iiiaeliine is :^(( simple, and at the same time

cflicieiit. as to warrant its being reeoiuni' ii<|e.i yvitli ju (^^ano oi short manure. to ju-iunote vig^nais gruvvt).*
ronfideiice. It is Self feeding, and the pi-ice is .*^ Hi fbr |

the two knives, and ^'JO h»r the three. Several altera- Vegetable (iardun.

ti -us have Im'cu made in the original machine, making Attend to <lirections of last month; k'>ep a clo.se
it iiiu li lie. re perfect and easily managed I'eisens ^y.^|;,.i, ,,,, frames, so as not to f tree into growth or in-
Nvlmpurehasedany of thefirsf nnniulacture in east- '^,^^^^ ..xposure; attend b. composts, and procure
•rn 1 ennsylvania, are rccniested to return them, .and J > ' , . . • i i

tley will r,e exchanged lor the improved pattern at ' mater.al.s bn- forcing beds m spring: rep^ur sash,and
i'aschiiii .Morris A Cu.'s Agricultural \Varehouse,\Vcst make mats of straw h)r covering in cold nights; pro-
Chester, wiio ran lurni>h them at the above prices

retail, and at reduced rates to dealers.

>V()I«K iOK Tlll^ MOM'll.

Farm.

Stock reipiire particular attention, flivo snflicient
shoUer. soni." varie-ty in their food, free aud c ~»nvenient
access to water, and hav(> a lump of rock salt in the
yard for them to go to, whiidi is much bettor and more
economical than saltiii" at stateii times. Cut up straw
iiay and eorn f.uhh-r ; the savin"- bv this will more
than }iay f.ir a maidiine, in one winter. Keep cows at
night in warm, we]] ventila^d stables, well furnished
with litter, and turn out in tine weather. Use the caL
tie card daily, particularly on heifers and young

vide a i'ull >>ipply "f bean po|e<, pea sticks, kr.\ pro-
cure what gardening tools may bo wanted, and an-
ticipate the working season.

I'Mower (iarden.

If the hints given out the previous month have
boon atteiide.l to. there will belittle t'. do this month
in the flower garden. Fr..!"ctioii sheiiM be given at
once to all tender ro.ses and shrubs r^ tuning it.
Plants in windt»ws should bo car(dully watehed. and
avoid tOfj/m/'^ /i/ watering. A good watering when
necessary, is nineh better than (.'onstant wetting. That
pest the Oreen Fly, can be kept under by occasional-
ly syringing or immersing in tobacco water, made by
steepi.ig tobacco stems in water for tw(Mity four hours.

"tock; feed once a day, at hast, with roots, cabbages, Orange and Lemon trees in cellar, should have
Ac., and a little meal ; milk before feeding to avoid fresh air admitted when weather is open ; water only

'y^^&

3ir>

MA nrarrs-ADVRRTisEM i:\Ts

when dry. IMsmts in coM frame hIkmiIcI have air every
fine (lay. Tliey are \cry liable to be injured bv ox-
CC88 of moisture.

OvsTFu Shells for Frtit Trefs.— A oorrr-ni n-
dent writes to the (iiTniantown (l>a.) TehMrrapll, a.s

On(

Crf/miK OF CKAMiliKRY VTXK8.

dy an<l pmlifi... ' ^ '^'^^'''*'-

They .i,,!.. raised on unland uu rathor mam

loom— but .1 . the best on low. -lunif) or mnist M,]^

liiiiid, with a littl.^ sand put around the plant "

Thry may be planted out 1] to 2 feet apart oaoh

le of the most effectual applieatlciis I have ovor ' ^ 1\*.. r i . • •., , .

mudo to fruit tr..,.» i„ an „l,l [,,,1 l,a,,vM ,-m . L "' ! , ,' " V i"'"''' " " '" 'j'^-, "■"™' I'l'"'t» t„ ,he

the principal inRn.liont. ^ Tl,o suj^^. Z^.^^ iJuTr'l"' '" "''; '"" ""■ "'■■"^ '.',■■ "' '-''"' '■^•

thorn, inafrosl, Htat,., wi,l, s„m„- a„in,al n.at • ^n ' T : I "'" >"'''? "''• •''•■" ■'< l>""> ■"•<» >u i',

«'>l' " 1 a^lH.s-, nn,l sproa^lin;, i, tl.i.klv arouM.l, .l"! S,'r'''"'^ "^'''"' ''^ '''' '""'"' '" '"'^ -^n-^'tu.

tr.Mvs an<l ahjinst inini.'(li;it(« and d.-rided improve

■;f|

ra!

nuiit will take phice.

It is not necessary to flow M( adows in onlcr to
make them productive

YoUNC. STorK.-Th..^e should n..t be left onfindv -wf >!f ^1' ^'f ~^'''''^'''' ''''?' ^'^''' ^'^"^' ^^' ^^''^ '"^'i'T

;vithout .raindurin. winter;'Th:r;l!:^n:'na!r;^^ ^^^ '"'-^ -- ''^'"'^ ^'-^)- -t.

th.' format, on of niu.ch.s. I.or..'.. X-c.. aro not eo,.iui„. ^ ' ^

ed in suffiritMit quaiititl-'s in the Iohl: provender used
for winter feedin;;.— [/rorA-mv ^'^'innrr.

IU'\ i<\V of' 1 ho M

per

Jan. 1853.

F. TKOWlUlTDflK.
New Haven, (',,nn.

srpFOLK rrr.s fou sale.

1 III-: Subscriber has T.r sale a few pairs oi Suf-

r<»rR pi.L's warr..nte<j p„iv, PJ w.M-ks ohl. In.ni liis pn-

m lioar Lord K..<inar the :>d. and his fine sown

iiiiuni

Africa's a.lviccs imparted a Letter (oelinK t„',l„. ...ir- ''"""""']■ ^"^ '-» ^ '

kctfor FInur, and holders have realized an ad .neo f T^'u " '""

2<a H.],. por 1,1,1. since the elo.«o of las, u-,.,.k some "" '' "V^''-?

n.OOt.al2.(H10 1,1,1s. I.avi,,. 1„„.„ ,aku> l,v si i„p rs '''"'■ '^^•'-

l^ady Suffolk, and White pink. Th." siiv and (iiunsuf
the above piij;s, were bred by L. (J. Morris, of Mount

I'iiii.\i»K!.i iiiA. h.^eeinb.T 2.'), L^r>2.
Fri'it.— There isa f^'ood d(Mnand for f.rei-n fruit,
nnd store sah's are makinnr to a fair extent at full'
rates. A j.phs and peaehes ar.- in demand, and sell ^.r i

freejy at previous quotations. Flour .AM> MKAF—Tlie ,' ,\ ,,- , ,„ • -.

Afncii s !uU-i<.o« ;..,».o ..♦,.. 1 „ 1. .XX .„ 1- 1- , , I cKihain, \\ e.st I Ijester county. New York, from his

' d Kodnar. Lor furtlirr infuma-
ADKIAX COKNKLL.

. .-, ...,p.T8 Newtown, Bucks CO. I'a

and spoculat(»rs at -Xo lL>;,a.', \<<l and sinc^ at ^L> '>,-,a

5 aUtormixedandstrai-ht brands, inebnlin-" vome niOK'K IM'LLTKY FoR SALE.

eelect^M h)tsat $5 .".7^ : fancy brands at S.", .^wV'.a.-. i\'2k;\ C()M1'K1S|\(; tho followir.- varieties vi/ —
and extract $.) (»2^a.) 7.3 per bbl. Kve Flour is ' <^'Hiin China and Canton" F., wis- Buff Brown
steady with further small sales at S T'jr* per bhl. I'>1=1'-'k, and White Shau-haes: ('hitta«'on.- 'or (Inir
U>rn JMeal is also .stationary, an. 1 .VlOai'.dObbN Fenn'a Shan-ha.s; al.o Sumatra ( James " " '

Meal sold at ?3 50 pov bbl. Ck Mv^-lleceipts c(m- I '^'1"' subscnbo,- offers f ,r sale l),.mestic Loiihrv .f
tinuemoderate, atol with an actise d<Mnand f»r Wheat, the above varieiies, warranto.l true to their nain^Ouil
principally hjrmdlin- prices are I l.'ial I leper ))u. bet- pi»i'<'Lv hn^d—npmi in rrm/ rrsprrf p. any -tock in
ter; about 'J),(l())hu. iKnv been taken at ll;)all7c ^l'^' country. < )rders f.r tiie same, addressed tu the
tor tair to prime Penn'a and Southern reds,in(dudin"- ^^ubscrib'-r, will receive prompt attention
Home. mail lots of mixed at 117c, and j)ure wdiite al CIIAKLLS SAMLSOX.

Jan. \^:u]. ?,m]

West Uoxburv.Mass.

\J\': the htner IS scare, and Generally hehl hio;hor.

Kve IS ,n rcpn.st, with sm.all r.'ceipts: ami sales of

I enn a at .^oaM')c. Corn in steady d.Mnand. and the

receipts, 8(une 22,OOOa2r),0(>0 bu. fonn.l I.uv.m-s at (Vic

for -ood Southern yelh.w, and r,Oc f,,r white, mostly

at the former rate. Oats continue dull, with limited

arrivals, and sales of Southern at 40aL2c, as in (pial-

Jty, and IVnn'a at 44c. Wool is a.ti\e, and further
ar-e sales have been made at improve.l rates. Amonir | at the most reasonable "prices, iiavim^ nau luu..

the transactions we are advised of is a sale of 200,000 years practical experien<e in the manufa7-ture of va-

ibs tine fieece on private terms, said to he at ahio;her ^ rious kinds of machinery an.l inm work, we are able

to warrant our work to ^ive satisfaction to all wh')
m<ty favor us with their palronai^f. [dune, b^52.

J. cl' D. FELLEXBAFM.

MiinuOrrfujrr.'! oj' nU kiiuls of' Sf> din Fn;/inrs and

lU>i!< rs, Siirr dud Jfmnf Latlu-f, Mill mui

ric,^,sSci ( u's of' (h( srzfi.s, kc. Wvsi

(Va'stuut .s/., Lantyf.sfrr, /'</

W e also furnish castinf:;s of the best material^", and

llaviiiir had fifteen

rate than any previous sale in th(> market

Cattle Market.— The offerin^-s at AVashin^Hon

Drove Yard comprised 1400 head of Beef (kittle,

349 Cows and Calves. 900 Hogs, and 5000 Sheep and

Lambs. Prices. The demand f)r V>vv\ Cattle is

limited, but prices have under<ron<' no (dian<2:(\ Sales

were made at ?G to $8 50 per 100 lbs. Coodniihh, ^.. .,.,.. ........... .., .-

Cows ran<re<l from $LS to S3G, and dry Cows SS to ; nim; to eh>ven months old, rais(;d from the cheieest

""" *''" '""^'^ ~" '■" '' ' " imported stock. Also. twt» thorou;;h l»r(>d jeun«;

Short Horn Bulls, ten months (dd, raised on the farm
of T. P. Iveminjz:ton, near Philadcdahia, and for salo
by AARON CLEMENT, Arrenl for the purchase and
sale of improved '.tock, Cedar etreet.above ninth street,
Philadelphia. February 2d, 18^2.

VLDEllXEV AXI) LMFKOVED SHOUT IKMIN

CATTLE.
THBEE therou-h bred Aldernov P>1 LLS, Irora

$14. In Hof/s the sales were lar;:;er than th(>s(» of
the preceedinir week, but prices of live ho<;s are un-
chanjrcd. Killed hoo;s are arrivinrr more freely
Sales at $7 50 a S7 75. Prices of Sheep are steady
at $1 50 to $3 50, and Lambs at $1 50 to §4 50
each, as in qualiiy.

L^vri

ADVEUTISFMFXTS.

;;i7

A(.HI(CMI ItAl. U AlUJlOLSi: A M> SIAA)\^

HiOIti:. J

-M'h; also Hick's Portable Cider Mills, whi(diwill mrke
rum 5 to lO barrels p"r day. For sahi by
1*ASC11.\LL MoKlil.S, ,t Co.,

AgricuUur.d Warehouse and S od .Sp.re,

Wetit ChcHter, I'a.

pp'p.imi to till ord^r. l>y wholoxil.. niid r"!:i'l, wf FPj:i T.^ OltX AM EXTA LTllKES &. SI I lUl'liEIl^
fill kinds nf imju-ovcci A;;nculrural and 11 orticult iiral
iniiilcnieiits, vc;:;otaide and llower seed.s, t^ •. Cmuu

The subscribers, in addition to tie ir ext(!nsiv(^ X'ur-
„(.r\ :uid (Ireendlouse <-stahlisliiiicn! -, havo estah-
li.nhod asi .\j:rii-Mhiiral AVarehouse and Seed Store,
Dr,ir th" Ib-iticultural H ill. West Cio-ster. and arc;

Tlir Bu'.mril.frB otr.-r i ,r « ilf tin- |.r. k. in l.ili. al Uiiir
Niirnrry dirdcn A Orr-ii-liuiiai- I IiiIhImim iin nl, W « »t

trv .storckeepors stipplieil with any of the following, I **'^W^ Cu.hif.r, I'.i , a i o^r ^uM ».-i.rt j,N»,„oi„-,a ..| n.,' ,i,ii, r-
with reasM) ilde <lisco,int to sell a;i;ain : — | - •■a-^. '-iii knuis ..f i"|{io r r»iKj:s wim ii ti,.-) ..iUm i,y wimir-

(i^u-d.'n. I' .eld and Mouvr .S -ed-. Ilo.-s.. |»,,worsanl .... i .:h.-,r. tr...-,, A,,ru„t.' N. ....,,..•«, ^'^h V',i!rV«^^ V^^^^^^
■j'lirt'sll'Ts; \V ll'Mt Ib'ills ami Se(Ml Planters; PIouj:;Iis, ^N'^Ihuh, r^tr ivv'i)»Trits, I(iih;.!h frif«, <i<i(.», l-erro « i iirr.iuls iii

Ilvrrows and Cultivators; H.iy aTid Straw ( 'utt'^.p^' >"'"'^ ^ ''"'>• '•i""""''- '^."" ""'"' "''"'> '""' t. ...k r <,r..,.r v„„ .
. ,' I i< ci 11 ■ \- . 11 It ' • Am., a tiiu- <• .iU.i liMii ,)i Inv.trl I'c tf» ..i. (.^iii..(f atlapo-il fnr iiii-

draui Ian, aiKl l.orn r^Ueliers; V e«^etal)le, or Boot i im-mIi.u*- i..-;iriih.r 'I'l l ••tutir.ie-ing SMine -J^ <.r ;jU v.truins Sjihc i^i"
Cutters: Ilanl (Jrain Mills, Clover Sheller*?. Horse ; tiicm imw m looi

K.kes. (hums of various patterns, (.rmdstone. and t„, ,,.,, ,,„.«,„ ,,..,,,,, ..f aM t,,. m,>.i .i..„al.irkul .. r our "a-
Inprovcd llani:;ini:;s; liny, htraw, and Manui"e rorks; ; uuat-. N.rw.iy I'irs, n.iim of (Jil.-a,l, Au»tr,.iii a...: N-..icl. I'mc.,

()\ Yokes and Hows; Patont iJow Pins. Ox Trace ''"''"""" '""^ '■**'"'" ^'"' ""^'^>''^""" "* •^'i"""" < mli /'me,'
II lii ... (M, .;.. . n.. . i. 1 .1 ij 1 HiiiMl.i>;tii -priir.-, 8'V»-r.ii VIM ti.'B (.1 r.iix, Ari...r Viia. Ilcilifi

and Loj and ( .u ( [iain>, ( loss-cut and other Saws; ^ mm..- v..r u-i t* ..f J.i.,.i,^r». KukI.s!. a.Mt inaii Vr.v AiH..uiarB.i

Spades, l^hovels. j I (IMS ami Kaki s; ()\ Mu//des Jiml tMll'-i ti<Hi of liinh r-'ji'saul ^rt'.-ii h>iis»' |i::inta Hiiilcms r'.<.i«,

Ibdl Kiic's; Post l)i.-r,u-s and Crow liars- Wheel '''""'""""'"'"■""""•""'•"'.'''?'''''""■'*• ^'' ''""'" l>'«''""'»- ""-
i;vrrow^; (fi-ain ( radios; .Scvthes and Scythcst ones; HmII\ -i.M-kH, v.t) <-ii(.ic.-
iruhhiii;; lloos and Pit'ks; i'ost Auo;ors, l)i-:i\vin(r , oth-r ariKlt-H u.'^inil) loi

liriuMii^; 10 V iriftu'ii iiii,tiirlrtl ttif )ir«-ii' III Hc.iKoii Jji^lmd tlniiiiie

■•• (Mir\ ■ iiioi.-imiiii.^, iV (• ti,^' III, I v\ith Mil
oiiiid III Hiiiiii.u ufll cm. liiH It'll CBtabllih-

Knivos, Axes IJroad A^os ;unl llatchots; 0 rain '";;;;•. ^, ,,^. ,„,,, j,,„„,,^,^,„,. I i , a;„l Ir.-. » a,al ,,!a„l« rar.-

iJa;;s; (nam .Measures; daitlen 1 ro\v(ds and \N eed.- i fully pa.-k.-d, and i .rwiioit .i as .lo. .t.ii Caiaicmi. .h ino i«im-(|..m

l\i' 1 ' 11 r\ ". ' .i.-^l i I ' 111 '\ ii.v M > .11 1> i ^^cLLmis; ( io i 1 at I '^IM'"^''^^"-"'- ' ' ;.;..:.■»

an,l i;ml,r.lhi Slan.ls; (ianl..,, \V;U..ri.,^ l'.,ts: llv-''^'"' ..pT;'',"' ? '.'^rvT vU t':'," ',',':,", ."■."'"' ''"■
n-intl, .n,l li.,11, CU.....; I'rm,in.r :vv\ H„.Min. ^ '^" ' .V OllN A M KM A 1, IKKl.S.

Kliiv.'v; Wiri' I'linv.T- 'IVilillcrM: .1,,. S^^lll(N, I! ■:■ lliv— " Dl.I.W AN(ii;il .V llAllin .l.-.ir- I ,:l 11,. „ l,.„i f ,V„r.

,, ,. 1 /" ■ 1 /» 1 ' • »^-- I 1 ' S'Tymi-ii. rli-aliTB ait I piiiiliTN ti, I In- i iiiiii. i.h«- sImc k . t Tr,-. g nnw

Irunm;; ^aws ami J^.nseis; drass and dram Sn;ktds; , ,,,1 th^-ir utmulIh .•iii'.ranii,; . ma rr^ h ..r ,-v. r) .i.».r.|.ii .:.. viz:
Rose Shears and Tvvi;j^ Cutters; Flower Scissors- ij^tnulari Appi-H '-os I'lmii* citfrn*--* P.mcim>, ac on 0,^.1
liutter Prints, Bowls and L id-ds; Foldin- \^^,i\,,y^: \ ^^'^j^'* <>;' i;^^^^^^'\^^^^^

„ ,., '. ,,. .^iwiiiii^ "•'■'''*''• Dwarf HM<« |»\r;»iiil<lui IVar I r»-« >, mi (iiiiii«-t; ■torki al-iU 100-

oi'rew \\ rencnes, I'mcer.s ami (umblets; Rat and | uoe, «m!)ru(''m>f ev.-ry line van.ts ihat .an i>« ».» \v.,.k..i, '2 ^carf
Mole Ti-aps; (,'ivttle Cards and Horse HiMshes: (-ur- ' nid. tr,T» l..w l)raiirti»-(l vi^omuu iii.<ll..-iiiifnl

/I , , II T ., .. . .. *,-. ' Dwarf an I I'\rnrnnlal <'litrr'rs .-n ui iluilrl, nt-r-kn f"r .• our, l\ve»

r ( on.':s. II ,r>o Luico.^Ox Kno],.; Xest Ll'<:s; ' ,.,„i t>,,,.. y.-.r ,..i lo-. « , w.n Lr .„. i.-.i I i,„. n f. r.:,. .1

H(>e arid Fork Hamlles; Hay ami Corn Kni\es. (Jar- Dwarf Avpi** ttfcK. mm I'arMiis-- and d..u<'.oii m .rks i.r.oitifui *i

d"n Reels; Tree Scrapers; (Jow Bells; Family Press;; ymr old tr.-,H with le ;els r.rnn.n diatr l,,- .r.ng, l.. h.I. h v.^-roui

Pick Xic B oxos: Potato l)i;:<i;ers and Pullers; W'hif- (;,,M»rl.t-'rric«. large DnnraHlnrr s -rrs, Atron? planis fnr if,.n;cd.-Htr

tie Troes; Caterpill ir lirushos; Fruit Pi(d<ers- \\nv- Ih-uimv'.

dT Knives; (iuano; JMastcr; J'oudrcUe; Bonedust; '''''J^" "'''"'':?n'^:\ln^' ^

) ■ 0 I iitli^T ii'-W and iiilf' «i rtR > > Mir ( iiai. iiii»'

iiliue, ttc. n-,«,,l..<rrit,« ftl^■ n-w liri't- friiil'd ill nitlil v. I-'sl<df. A c . <

PASCHALL MORRIS & Co.,

Rasi'lx'rritis. Uif n-w l(r^!<- frinl'd in nitlily. i-'sln|f, A c , AtC A

(•<iin,ilftf c.ill.-cti"" ><( all d.«iral»i«' variflu*
(Jrap. B. Iiardv intivi- k -iIh mi'h hh \h di.-^la. rala wIki and ('lintr-M,

xf miiU f w> an I tlo c- v ir nhl vaoi l\cn ol (.(ft i^n i^rajM » fuj viii-

»Tir«. Btr^nu till It' V p aniH in p"'H
.^^tra w'iri ro'H "fad d'OiraM'- V oii to'j«. P Imliar!). n lai ^»- Flock f»f

tip- l)-st V irif to'H iiM-iCti VMfi'Hi. and a'l dtliri [i iiitH r ii li\ at d

The '-nt Tf (rnit dt'piri Mifiif i« iiiid' r inrioK'n j'trHona i Mipitvi-

Xiirsery, Seed.smen and Florists.

^\(■s^ Chi\ster, Pa.
JKay" Orders by mail ])romptly iitfendod t ).
SI' PER PllospH \ tF oy iixir

•*■ ' ii''> I ii.iiji \;i ijf.'lli, 'I||ci-MT'r''iriet'I''piroiifMriniiiui'i iiiiirwri jtiFiiii.<iMi|iii\i-

Propared under the supervision id" Pr(de>^^or Mapes ' mon I'li.- '"Rt (pi •Mt\ <<( hi... Kj* \» ii>.<-d, anil tii.- m ^t m. nipn'mji

f T sale by til.' ton or smalhu' iiu intitv at the V-ri- ^"^^"^"•" P'^-" '" "'"'"^; ■■"■"■;■•> ■ '"■ ^»"^"; -r-' v. H.ai no
eultural \\ aroliousc and Seod Store, ^\ est Chester, tdm r''iip«'r't Ttit* (''"-•k e* all t-r^wn on iicvv fr> fO ».mi, and ig
Pa. Also, Xo. 1, Peruvi in Cuano. !i.-j,!ihv, w.il niaiiurt-d ami Inirdy \Vr auk pnrcln, Kerb L- .-inni-

1 AS( 11 .\ LL MfMvRlS, A:, t.u. okn'aMI'A'T M. — T^nrpn i'<»cn f.ir ftrp.dH. paik». .
l<*,0nO PEACH TREES. I i, ,,.„,. ,.i,^- nnli*. Bi'vr inapirn gfu.w\ ali !»■, ni<amt

Also fine Dwarf Pears wdl bianohod miny id nnd tniip t p»-s. in larjf- quantu-a. ch^np.
tliem havm<jc fruited the present season ; also Ever-
green and DccidiK.iM frees and Shrub))ery in *;reat
variety.

A- (• Siudi »•■
oil awl:, fliiil

X

ina kaMe niid he-antifn! t rrn. and ulioilm l»olh drridiion*. a nd
cvn jrrcfii tliat r-an lu- vj( I'W" 111 our cliainte. (or parln nlai». we
refpi ti' tlif <!• H'M li ti V fatal •ent-
fjo^E^ — Oaidf th^ r ht-Rl o dl.-{ lioMK 111 thr r( Minlry, ; 11' I nd 1.1 jf fie

msenmen and Deah;rs supplied Mith T^>_ek | '^;;;;^^,, ;;,j /^^^^ ,.-,,,...^,,.^,,, ,.,,,.,,,, ,,,,,t. i,. n, ia„ .nnm,.r

Spruce, .\incrican Arb.u- \ila\ Balm (d'Cld -ad. White

Spruce. — H-nilock, from 4 to PJlnche. in lui-ht, at' /?"/'""" /^ '^" itnp,..lcd ammaiiy from IJollaiid.can br mpplud
^" ' - , _^^^^^ ^^j ^^^ , ^

Dahlins Thr mpw I'n^l isli »iid Frfltch prize Var ichri of IB.''*] ,

|)f R|(U'« fine <ddrr <n» «

AH nrtirlm pncked in thr It^^t manner riiH forw«rnfr' to Miiy i nrt
(iftlteU S raiiada or '"alirioiia flrd.^ ^ •! iitl w ir.Mli»-.l \^ ih
in nvfty pa ticnlar TIk- foil-.WMiir cata oijnrna p n rii j? jit » t- - all
wh'o apply and .■mcIobp »tarnp» Im ("Vo pM«!apr wliici, mii»ll»c

prrpaid

\() I —A Drscriptive ("atal"piir of \ ohIb

n^T^i ., — " " O intiifi ti' T'TS Sh n' « Aa

|\j,,' ;j \ rstalofjuf of Da id inn piirdna*, Ch i j KanOt nuin* ai.d

Ijuddmjf plant!
;^J^, 4 \ wliol''«'-''»* '•'»tsil'»pnr. for Nuriei jmni nnd (,Uw« wii*

\ri"h frtpiertnsp la priv.
roatae-eoii No« I ^ •> — '..() itiilrs or unHcrl cf*; £00 to i:00 m «ct«.
•< 3&4-:'()0 " " " •' ' 5 •'

MOt'NT IIOPK NUR'^F.RIK?*.

S«pt 1, 185S Rochcslrr.N. Y.

%'M) per 1();M). w(dl packed in crates, and .Idivered in
Philadolphia. Also, Su-ar Maple, White A«-h, P.irch,
American Landi and Elm. from IH inehes t-. 4 feet,
of handsome shape, mid .hdivered in Philcdelphla in
good Ciuiditlon a :>10 p.-r l(i().

KOCK SALT.
Rock Salt in 1ar;^»' lumps, for saltin;:^ cattle. This
article can be placed in the open field, and is not af-
fected by the weather.

PASCHALL MOPP.TS. Co.
IIAY, STRAW AM) FODDER CLTTERS.
Webb's, Hovey's, Emery's, Uiee's, Potts', Catch-
pole 8, aadother Straw and'Foddcr Cutters and Crush-

li

li'W -. 'f

s.^^rt'r

,/OT

HMEHM V*9BSF^ •■•^tawv >Jry "■■f t ■>* ^' V''? A vUh^

318

ATn'KUTISKMKXTS.

^^■'•ur

!<<,'')?,

r,-) 1

PUMPS, FIUK-K.MWNKS, CASE lllON KorN-

TA1\8, &c., &c.

IMI»(firi AM TO I \ir>u;us!

fl|"\m-: fanneri who iriukelJie most money are tl)(>«e uh
The i.nUcrihrr maMufnrture. d„ublc-.u.ting, lift nn<l force' JL '"[^"'^'y'-;'^;^^ '^'^V'^^^^'"^''^^'^ ^

whu-u. fn.n/lh.if ..n.plr conHt.uc-u..u are wril chIcu! arc f ' K c ^ r '"'""'. l" '" ""'" "' ['"" ""»^^''"" will he Hd'mfe*

n«auo..,,iy.ropa...ce.uu...h.ne..u,o;..y.u.er.aua:::;:':"i;;. ^^ ^ ^nuH w;;;;r.,:7:r(;.ao;vr;::'' '' '" '^

Hanihoidu^iiN ImpKutd l-'aiuiiii.r >jm

iBroiifidcnllsolieirdiislht' ,rrvb- ^r ,.i tlcir otllir WiikUii it ci h- i
/t»a.lvio.l!.j?. 8 <.vrr all otlur I'.oi. ran !>,? told i„ „ t^^y woni.
tt utll do rnorf and beittr work in less tune ami uuth le^s labm th '*
oiiirr (I. hci ipti.-M ol Ian ever <.(!< ml t.. tl..- pnhli,.. ;„ ,,r,K,, !'T
Kti.trniriit, / r«-|rr to the M^lit tiiouj.:,,,,! tarin*-;* m tlie p
r-t.it<-«Aho hnvc us.'d my Ciiim ;ii,.I Im ij,,. prorf-edm^s of th ""'"
ouH M.itean.l mniit y Ai^rirnlt n, m I N.r irtu-s held withiii thVl'

WUte r !■ redUlrrd " m<'oi^ m nttni. m n »»limniMl or (illlin Hiiii • II

Vli.LAuk AND FACTORY I IHK KNgINK?,

Having a dondle-Hcting f«.rce pump. TIjey arc light, t-uBily hand-
led uuil Worked by few men

CiBteru uud Well rump», for in or out doors.

(iarden Kn^ine, with ii small nize donl)lf actinj? lift and force
pump. Arriiiged with or witln.ut action. Tlir> arc bo adjuwird
tinit one pers-.n chm wheel them fnun place to plate, and arc well
walculated for agricultural un.! hortu uliural pnrpthfH

Ornamental cast iron fount:. ma .,f v,trHMi8Ht\ U-p an.i pricrs ' **'* >'**"f«- "^ wfii"'li "ly I an w.tH. t/t ,(U r<i^t>. u w:ird»-<l tt,,. i,,,!;"^

<:opper Kivitlcl UM«.-.,t all M/cB,lluBe Couplli.^», :<l. .p cocks, rr'-'""""«';vrrnunicr, M8CM,n;,ciit..,„: a larfr,. niun'..r i.f , '?,
Ld.Td and cavt ir. u piprH. Ac. » »' mrda'san.! dipinnias can Im- arm bv callinir at niv shop

I am now ready to recnvc ord.:r« and bnild St.-ani KngincB from ^, ,'.'"'' '*^'^"Wiiig i» one of many eimilar lelleii* uliin,8l dai',. re^.f;,,
-] to 1.) horse powrr. porta!)!*- or statioiiar\ , ho/,ii<tal or perpcn<ii-
<'"l-"- I friiali hiiild tii'-ni i ii aH «ini(>li' a st > Ic as |)o8«ible, rond)m-
r<l wilti Klrrn^th and ware of mtling at evfi y part, . nd adapted
for ail V piirjiofif rojiiired When an ktiKiime ih re(juired for raisin j;
water o( an V amount. I <"an adjust the pnnips in a compact foi m
«aKiiy got at, and d i.hi i .iiiiciti d I foin tlie cni; inc. wlu ii not rk(inirei!
for punipinp I n i!wr;i\ silu.it ioi,8 steam is the ino.si proli table mode
of r;ii«ini{ wit«'r, as the engine ca;i be uHrd lor otiicr j)iirpo8<;9 to
■ il vantage

Also prepared to rereiue oriIer.s or ^ive inforn ation upon lathes.
plaincrs, presses, ghaftnig, pn'',ie8 and nnriiinist l:>o s in j.;eiural,
from llie hrm of Messrh (>. Snow ^' Co", Mtuden, Conn

Any communications by mall will have immediate attentimi.
O. U. r.\i(Ml.^.M,3J Cliirst , near rnlt(Mi,N. V.

A(■;^J^M'[TTM^\^ i.mi'lkmknt WAiiKiiorsi:.

Ao, (JO, Chr.siiiit street, J^hitn'C' jihvi.

The subscriber olTers for sale. Huy,Strawand Cornstalk ( n ters;
Oomrlalk Cutleis and (irinders. Corn Cob Crnsheis aial (i. nun i«.
Corn bhellers and Separators; K«»ot Cutters ot the in. >t approved
pnttenis, warranted to cut. bs hand power, frciu one to two bnsh-
«!■ of roots per minute; BambTough's celebrated Cram Fans,
Grain Cradbs Revolving Hay Rakes selfkhar pening I'lows. va-
rious patterns, plain point Plows of various jiatterns; Subsoil
riows. Harrows, (.-ultivators or Hoe Harrou s. idmrn.s. "*. ed Dni s.
Corn IMahters. Com Shellers. Sc\ Ihe.i. (irass Mo ke. Spa^.ts, Shov-
els. Rakes, Hoes, Hay and Manure lorkn. .Ve . »V .

Orrlers rec«-ived for nny nnd everv Aixricn t nra! linp'nnrnt iu;w
M use, which will be furnished at manuiaclnrer's pru ( s

!) I. WDRI. Tfl

August. 1822.) No. f5,Chesnut «t li, lad

rd

/.''.r(/ii:f'>n, -Iff viof/ti. \nv 'M HM
Mr HambMroueh---I)enr sir : / Kce by the reports ot'ti,^ ,i,f/,
rent Agncultuial exhitntioiiB that yon have been getting iimrr J!]
nounis and lionors I(T your (-(debiared p;iteid ^r.iiii l.in \^^,^ ^,'
Bhoidd von not ' Von ►■irely are justly entitled to aiiv tint' wrr^
awnd.d you. In mv opinion. I he c(pialto yoiir tan is i,,, w>irf'
to he found, iniKdi Icks it« Hup-r i,,r Tlie niillerssay In all the
f Trriers who i,,iii- ni their wiieat -that it is not verv clean tti»t
they oui^ht to ^',-t n iniil like / got of \ on to cicoi ilinr whrnt i'^
we, n.avc i;o nse for rolling .screens or smut niacfiim n f .p :niy|{nj,
j r lea lied on the mi I Is / got of yon. J(»ll.\ 'I'. ,N /t Hoi.^^

I PS---/ am now making out a biJ! to wend to v-MbralBiM
i number of yonr fans, as soon .18 the navi(?iition opens. J. T N

Mills (or ?!a!e. U holesi !»• .•mil retail <l i fl »-r.-i.» 8t7!PRn7'd niirH

I from -.'I nouiirs, to L'O. L'!^ und HO 1 have hccn in the l/uiiiirtill

' years .and m;ide and po d p,.''>0(i pircet to me at l^iiiienstcr Ps

ianssenl to anv [)^rt of liie / nited Stales '

I '.l<m\ IIAMr,()i;ol Cll, i'atontro.

Severnl trusty at,M-;itK wanted to sell rights. < frders ii:ay alic; U
sent to 'I'rent oil. New Jersey.
' Cv4rr/f> A' - — All persons are warned from trnsting nny perw
on accountof the subscriber, unless lie bus a wriltcn order. Jl

July 11. tf. a

TO l< VIOIIJO f

L.WPllK.Mi A .H:i FKIIIKS.

rw
o(

.M^\j '«nd others to their Matahlishnient for tne manufacture
Farming linjilements and ej<()ecialiy to their ce'ebrated

I.MPHOVKI) (JK.MN FANS,

wliii-li they confidently assert wil! do ni'.re u ork in a shorter spar*
of tune, and wiTIi less labor, than an\ other I'aii now in use. Tnese
Fans, where ver i at rod n red, ha ve gi ve!i com;!( tc satis fact :( Ml. nnd
a large nninlicr of tr«tiniiiiiials coulJ I'e procnred. Icstil y ing to
liieir mpern >x merits

They also niaii'Maetnre. to onler, Agricultural Implementsof va-
rious kinds : such as Straw Cutters, Cultivaton, Plouj^hs. Harrows

Having had many years' experience in the best kIioj^s I'l the
•ouniry, they are prepared to do work of a. superior qimlity n nttlt
•heaper than any other eRtbaiishment in the .*>tMte. Thev wi w.Tr-
rantail Iheir.Vvork to be what It IS repreRente.l A warrant jfivni ' solve the ferliliziml' Knits : generallv late in the full oreanyinlbt

TO r.\i;.MKKS— saijm: fi:i;tiij/kii.

Tins ;)rei>ar-ition is d.-«(,;;iied to ;' irui>|i the » .|l the varwuiBmin-
ca! or luoris'oiic m ttrriaia .loKtractC'l Ir.nn it by plants iii the pt«-
eress of" vgelation.

II contains a large proportion of the s.altsof potash Kxla id''
airnnonia. eombmeil with Hi-l'ho«phate o! l.inie, Ar.mai! CiinrcM.
anil oilier t er tili/.ing matter ; tlic wiiolc lorming a iimtny coiice*-
trat'-d manure

In ihnsofleriiig a new article to the attention of ("arii.frB ther^
iative vaiiie ot wiiicti remains to br te.st,.-d by experience, it iidf-
sued not to veinnie upon any asserlions respecting it. caleulatfl
t> excite expeclatioiis, w li ic li . perha p», niii,'ht not be rcsii/f^l,
knowing, however, that the principal constit iieiits of thu rom-
pound have been proved to l/e hiuhly valuable separately, it n
v/ii(ifj«-nt iy be'ieved that tlieir Combination in proper po 'portions n
the -Saline Ftrlili/t r" will ("ormau excellent manure.

DIRFCriO.NS Ft)R FSlv

The Fertilizer hhonid be applied at the rate of t\\<i barrels Ifdlif
acre, and spread broadcast on the surface

If. on opening the liarrel.s. the salts should be found adhrrin^l"-
getlier 111 lnm|.8. they Bhoviid be broken, say with llie burk of «
hhovtl. up(tn n tloor or smooth hnrfaf e. and. if convenieiit.n !itl.<
geod dry mould may I e added, and well mixed bel'ore spremliiij:

For wheat or rye one barrel |)er acr<' may In- used lalert tv
ing. Jind buhtis liarr>»wed in. and the (ither applied as a t'P (iffi*-
ing early in the Kpnng. at the cr mmencenientf)f the first tli.'iw.

Fpou grass it should be sown broad-cast, and if pos«il»le. whm
the ground ns wet, or w hen there is a probability (d" rain, to di*-

with every Grain Fan. giving the purchaser the privilege of re
turning it, shou'd it m^t (b) good and (pock work.

The\ will de'iver them, free of expense, any distance withir
fifty miles of the manufactory. Their S'hop is at the junctn)n of
the Marietta and Colnml)ia Turnpike, l.ancaster, Ra.. wtiere tlie\
will be hap|)y to have Farmers call and examine fi>r thrnisrlves
Price of Fans, No. 1, large size, • - - SF'Jl (K

'* " " 2. small size, - - - t2'2.()(l

Severn! good and re/^ponsible Agents wnnted in the Western
and Middle part of Pennsylvanin, to whom a fair percentage \vi!l
be n I lowed. AH orders a (! dressed to Lanphier and Jefferie* . f.aa
•aster P.I., will meet w;th prompt altentum. June 1-tf.

ALDEllNKY AXF> I.MIMION HI) SlIOUT IIOUN

CATTLK.

THREFi thorough bred Alderney BIJIJ.S. from nine to eleven
months <»l(l, raised from the choicest imported stock Also, two
thorous{h l»red young short horn Bulls, ten monihs old. raised on
Ihefarmof Mr T. IV Femiiigton. near I'hiladelphia, ami for sale
by AARON CI,F>VIKNT, Agent for the purchase nnd sale of iwn
proved slock. Cedar street, abt»ve 9lh street, Philadelphia.

Febrmarytd, 185*i

spring, will be loniid to answer best

C|)(n! corn, it would perha j.s be advisable to ap;>ly one barrel m-
the hill ;nid one broad-cast. ^ ^

if added to the man n re or compost pile, the Fertilizer WilUooK
less meresse ereativ tlie eflicacy of the mixture

The experience of Acricu tnrists will [.robably siig?''*^ '^ ,
modes of eniplo} ing it. as soon as they become salistied ef iliu''''
ty. It should not, Jiowever, in any case be mixed with rpnck- i™<
wh'eh will c.Tuse a loss of ammoni.i. nor should it be tairica of'r
lu the son.

ry* Price <l'J ?0 per barrel.

.\Iaiiuraclnrefl and for sale bv

CAP.TMR A SCATTFFU^Onp

Jnne. l«vV2] Olfu e,f'J, Arch fct . I'tn ^'^

STIANl^TIAE & COrilTX CIIIXA FOWLS

For Sale. . ^^

The subscriber has on hand n number of young ^'^'^^'"i^'. !^
Shanghae Fowls of the lateft importation, which he will di»r^
of at fair prices on post paid application, addressed to

PHILIP HU^J",

Waat Phila., Chesnat st.. 2nd door West of Pub School HO^

ADVEUTISKMKNTS.

3 1 'J

ca

C/3

FARMERS : LOOK TO YOUR INTERESTS.

■•■iw* — 11 ■■

>5

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W

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>

2

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H

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H

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X

This >f,io|,ino wa^ P.itoiit, ,1 July 12. \^rA). m,,] Ims '
rcc<'ivr(i fho lM„'lio.t piainlmii al all tlio Ivv hi l,if ionH '
when- it h:is rvor l.oon oontovtcl ; indi;. in^ .\, w
<'a.stlr Comity. Dohiwaro, A-ri.uhm al S ,cu^{x Octu-
hfr Wth IS.Ml: JMiihi.i.-lphi.i aiMl Dolawaro r'uuntv
A^miMiltunil Sucioty, Octohor 17th, iSoO; Murvlami ■
Stato A;rrioultur:vl S .ojotv, Octnbor '23(1 iSfiU aii'l
<K-tol.or LMth. 1S.-,1. a.ol >li.-hi-in Stau' A-riciiUural
Nooioty, So| to„i},or l!.'>th. 1 s.", 1 .

''Ill; Ai;(j\ F hlUFLis lod liaMo to ^o.tout of
r-^piiir. is oxin'.MNnly sini|.!o i,, i(^ r()ii,strin-tion, will
«<)W point rows in ail irn-uh-ir .^hapo.l Hohls, rikI po.s-
80.S.SCH.S suporic.r ad^allta-os to all otliors in the oaso
an.l qmoknos with whi.-h it .an ho regulatod to flow
:inv .losiro,! ,pnintity nf (irain por A<to. ^hih-tho
•iratr iipni, ,1,,. lo.rves hs tw<'nty-Hvo pop ront. li-htop
fin'l <-Mn.. ,p,o„(ly ,vith tho >anio lah-.r, can seo,] ..nr-
I'Mirth inoro ;rr ;,n,l prr dav than witii most ..thor
'n.i<'hirM'vnow in uso. Tho\.hiootinn .s.x-onniiMn to
i^r.llmir Ala.-hiiios of l)o<a.inin- Chokkd ii" the .m-o.1 is
'yt porhvtly cIoantMl, is entirojv <di\ iato.l in tho Sini-
p!" .'uiil IVvninir (•<.n.structiun o*f this Drill, a8 white

<mp,s and .short straw will not intorfoiv in tho joa^t
with tho roLmiar distrihntion of tho hooiI. it is ^^ ar-
r;ii.to,l u> .listrihuto the sood evenly; to how and
(luantity por acn» commoniv m.wu hroade i^t • to not
rut or break the -rains; to l,n wcdl made with -oud
inaternils and dtirahle with proper care. ^

Having; sold about 400 (d" the above jinlls ibo past
.-'•ason, all of whi(di met witli tl,o uiKpiabtied appro-
hation .d the p.irehaserH; ami attor earolnl and tlmr-
oii^di experiment.s, whi(di havo n-snltod m SiilKireat-
er ImprovementH, W(! now fo, i uarr.ant-d in sayinir
that Moore's l»atent Seed .uol drain Planter impnA-
ed, J.s superior M any other machmo lor the p,jrp<»vr
now in the market. '

Having: mi^h- arran^n'mentw to furnish iMoo ,,f the
above MaoiiinoH for sale the comin^r Season, wo shall
h" prepare 1, at all time,, to supply orders without
olav.

/1-''Y-.\II orders nddres^od tn the undersip^rnp,] will
\^ arrant prompt attonf ion. ^

id;i:. im:ik<i-: a lkk.

Aili-iisf.lS.-,L!.| Hrru'dnJilt /'. O.. Chester Cn., Pa,

t-11^';'';'^'<'>'^:mi(\\la\imalma\( in:.

thstrouM ) '>' •" '"" '^"'^''^ " Manure which coniprisrB al

<IunMe • V:: ^^'"*'"-''-"« "f-P-iess and .nrpn^ing effec't. in pro
q-iitblies '^'""'" '" ""^' '^""l""' 8"»'-»8 lasting and enduring

mr^l'^rr"^"''"'^''"'"^'* ''''''■' ^^''''''•' ^v''^^« "»•'<» This .Ma.
kind. ? 1 I ? precedence above all <.lhers ; its adaption b. ,.I!
Pr'-i^rved ,n h"' '"y*'")' P''rti<-le of fertilizni- properties being
U./i on """'" "^ "'-'"utacture. render it at once cheaper

VT . ad'!.; , "T '"""^'" ""•■' '""^ "" •«'"<'« "rf-rops |r« effects are

wini l""'"'''^' ='^^''^" '"« f''""i. WM, mm:i{<.

•^eTenili Mreei near (iennaniown Flond. Kensington. I'lola.

KKAIi TIIK FOLLOWING CERTl FICATKH

To Mr Wrn \T a ^JKkmantow.n. October 8, 1851 .

■'^Tiure nn.,M 1 /V*'"~"^~""^'"'^ ^'■"*'' V'^r ' hemico- Animal
""•f'- and^«r»i' ? ^"-(mnd, this season, I fi„d it produce mie-third
Rrnund ^ P'-t^toeg than the best l.ors^ niannr- . n the same

WM K. Cox. .

« f'''""wmg additional certif.ca'^ just received, ^penksfor Itself.
I li.nv- 1 .. - \VoonBUKT, N.J . loth rn<. "Jdth, 1801

David /. GaiscoM.

f

Mr Wn, ifp... „ ^»*»i:to Fikld Farm. Cecil Conntv. Md.
rrrs— 5jear Sir— I manured with yonr Chemico- Aai-

m.il Manure about .38 acres of the poorest land on my f.rin and nnt
had in ()at». an<l lie balance in Corn. Altlioujjh it wan p,.t in
quite late, and the Seascni very unfavorable for the Com cr..,, gen-
eraby, yet notwithstanding. J can «ay that it is (lecide<lly the best
Corn I ever raised, although I have farmed for -JO \ear». and have
hud good C(»rn land.nnd Manured web, as I IhouKht.m (he old was .
U hile my neighbors' Corn was quite yellow and leaves curled up
with the <lr..nghl, mine was green and growing rapidly ; ther, fore
I coiiBider It one of the most va ual>le manures [ ever ime-d. and'
shall take pleasure in rerommendnii.'' it to my neighborsand otJiers..
Voiirs respectfully, j; M. Skkit.

81DLK\SIirii, AU(a;KANl) r.(».\ ki-cclatok.

THF subscriber residing in Dillsburg. York county, Pennsylva
Ills, has invented a new and improved Augur for the boring of imhs
and setting the boxes of wagr>n, carriage and other vehicle wheeis
for winch I have obtained Ictfcrs patent.

The Augur will bore both ends of the hub at the name time, or
eitlier separately— and IS the mogt useful and irnp(,rtant invention
of the age for inserting wagon boxeg and the only Mnrdiine in ejt-
istence by which they can be inserted exnctlv true— and iw ho |,er-
fectly simpe in its ronstruetion. and constructed mi suci, j.»6t me-
ehamcal principles, that it cannot possibly get out of repair

With this Augur a set of boirg can be inserted in a few minnteg
—where under the old system it requires hours to perform the
same arnouiit of work.

IVr».uis wishing to purchase Territory or Shop rights will nlea»«

address the subscriber, who wi
purchaser to make mruiey.
Dillsburg. April, 1853— If

on terms thnt will enahl

ilKNRY SIDLK.

320

ADVKRTISKMKXTS.

Ja

"^'iMn-

Agricultural .tad HoiIh dUural Woiks.

TIIK aiittK-rilieri have on h'iiiiJ nnd for •.-ile, a l^r^e avsortmeiit
of AgrieU'tuntl and H<>rticiilturiil Wurks lor the Funiier ttiid
Ourdeiier, »ni Mijf llif m .tre ilie foll<»\vii)£^;
Y'ouuit oil Hone,
•' I'.g.
♦« •' Dog.
Vountt y Martin on QlliljB,
Coiiiplett; Karrne' .V Osirdt-iifr, liy r»'B8ri\dcn,
Dowiiiiigii, Uirrv'B Sc Tliornus' Fruii n.ok,
Dowiiiiik's Country Houhcr,
Voualt oil ?*hfe|».
Strphfirs ll«»'>k of tilt* I'arin,
Norton's Klf iiif Ills <il Si uniific Agriiu.lLire,
('ollnKt- and I iiriTi \U-<- Kt « pt r,
Jii|iiinli.|i'« A frnciiUural vln-iin Htry,
Kiio-t 8 f-low.r (iMrdfii |)ii •< tor ) ,
Um»i 8 F;tmil\ Kit- !u-ii ( Jardf-in'r,
lU.ck's U'X-kof I'iowt-rs,
Hn int "a on l iie Knsr.
All*-!!'* Anil rit'HM rami IJook,
HrnWiie'H Aiinricii: MiicU IJ ink,
DarlliigtoirB hli>ru Ciwlfica,

;; Au ifiitiira> Hot:iMy,

(lUcii.m nn M i d Towt.
I'l-ssiMiliHH I'ar iii»*r'« own /iook,
r.ii'i liik s II ydranlicn,
Ainu. Hi; t;,,. |,m,|i ni^^ \<Tri( ii'innil and llMriicn tiiral rfrindicalB

I'A-iCllAl,!. iM()HH'5. .V ( (»"S
Agricullnr il Warrhnusf and Sfed Storr, W'rst riitsler, I*a.

TIIK MODKL SKKD STOKK,

300 }fdrket Strrct. d/r>r'' S/// .v//-r/, rinlivhlpJiia.

MO in: I. SKKD STORK.

VK(;KTAHLK SKKDS, ovor^
known variety.

FKOW r.U SKKDS, 500 varieties

(ill \SS and KIKKD SKKDS.

A^Ticuhuriil iini lloiticiilturiil hnpl'Tucnts.
THOMAS V. rROKT, Drwpri.icr.
A^ont ()( lV'nn;i. Fiisin Journiil

rrMRKUKAXD NURSKKIKS.

NKAK ( AMI,I-I,F. I'A.

rilhe proprict.T "t tlw ah')ve estaldisliin.Mit. in ciill-
JL in"" the attention of the imhiic to his pret^ent
stock of Fruit, KvcrLlic-n Hini Oin;inn-nt;il Trees,
Slirnli^. IMant^, \inrs, Xc. nv.ujM eiill rsp(M'i;il at-
tention t>^ h\< tine stock uf well jj:rnwn AppN' Trees,
which (Mnl>raeea en" oi ti\i' nitst cMinpli'tt' coUeetions
of varieties to ))e found in tlir cnuiitrv. As evidrnee
to this hist assertion, please Irt liini draw your atten-
tion to the reports of the various K..nv)l ^ieal and
Horticultural Kxhihitions as w.dl a^ State Fairs,, I.-.,
that have taken place in this and th(> adjoining Stales
for the last tVw years.

All Trees carefully r>ack.Ml so as to carry safely to
any part of the c<»untry, U)v which no greater charge
will be nia e than to cover cost.

Catalogues given gratis to all pi>st paid applicants,
who will please ench)sc a post stanjp to nrepjiy the
same. Address DAVID MILLFll, Jr.,

Cumberland Nurseries,

Dec. 1852.] Near Carlisle.

TIIK NKW \oKK At.Rlci KToji.

A Uhi K i.V J'O UN Al. I N i.AKOK ^ I \\ I' \ I K K V URy

Devid. d t<t the interests (d' the < nMiuu [ ^| .^^ ^^^u
as I'k \i 1 KM. F \i;MhK und I'l.ANTKU, the Sto( k linniw
Eii, ill" llLiiAi. A U( niri»T,the Fhi it dun Ahik^kk;^!.
Ti'KisT, the M vKKKT juul KiTeni N <i ^ Ki>F,N KR, and the
Flokist: togetli.-r witli w. eiMoplete summary of the
most iniji .rt.mt Fokik.n and Domestic Nkws. PqI^
lishfl e\ (TV Tiiursdav.

*TKU.MS.

One ^''(py, - - -

'i'iiree K 'opit^S,

Fi\e Copies, - - -

'I' i 1
l en \ opies,

FifKicn C'o])i(^s,

'I'wenty C«)pies, -

The lirst number will be issued on Thiirsduv, (),t.

"21. Postage. Half a cent per week.

j^a^"^ All l*ostmasteis and otl"M-s, disposed to a<t un

Agents, will be furnished with Frosp"etiis aiiij Spo-

cimen numbers, on application to the l^^l)li^}l('r'i,

A. H. ALKKN .t (\.., 1>'.> Water St., N, y.

5

per

atmum

S

If)

'JO

•J')

THE NEW YORK FARM AND OARDFA'.

\ \(..Vll!IV loritSM.. OK IHIKrVTWo V\'.\-. iJ.Mi.lR
Col. I M NS, 1 M CKIil Al, oi I A\ o ; M A UK 11', i'Kl M II'M! V
liV SKI.Kt rn)NS hKoM WW. WKKKl.V CAi.K.SoK "TilP.
NKW \OHK A(.Ki( I I, I oU."

This p M-iidi<'al will l>e devotetl .xrhe-ivcly tn ih.«
FarncT and Dlinler, the Stock lireeder, the Kural
Ai-chiii^ct, the Nursersman, the (Jardener and thy

Florist.

Kacdi nnnih" r will bo fille<l entirely with iikm.
.NKNTi.v VAii MW.r reailin,:^^ mattiT. No ad\er{i-t'iii( iii,>
allow" 1 in it> eolumiis; and not even the larL^<' Iku'I-
in^. or term- and cont'-n:^, u-nai on tlclirst aii'l !;ist
pages (»i' vimilar journals, will be pTimttel. All
such ni it'er will in\ariaM\- appear wii the cover.
Thus, tic nunih'O's ol th" i\i:>i am> >. \im>k.v, heund
ii|, ai th" -ai 1 of the year, will ha\c t he .s.iine appear
I ance as a bo..k. Tins is a le'W jea'ure in periodicals
' of this (dass, atid slutuld tln< morr hi;;hlv c aaiii' iM
It to public favor. JG^' Publiyhed on the tii>l 'lav

of eacli month,

TKRMS. .

One Topv, Sl.OO per annum. Three Copies,?-'"''^

per annum. Kight coj.ies, So.<'<) p.-r aniunn

Eow.'r rat.'s than the above will be made with A^-
rieultnral Societi.- or (Mubs. ],y taking a lar-.Tiiuni-
her of copies. f.-i?" I'^-^-i;;''. '"'L^' onediall ii <OLl
per montti.

C'^T' Postmaster^ and olle-rs, disposed to aci m
Agen'ls, Will be furnished with P.-ospcctus and J5pe-
eim.Mi Numbers, on application to publishers

A. r>. .\KKKN .^- Co., 18'.l Wat.a- St., >■ ^-^

P^^'\S\AV\ MF.NT To(ir.NTI,KMI N A. TING AS A^^ \T'.

— Anv t>e;-on f.rwardm^ n-^ tc, '''■'""'•'' :;!";! ''*
tions e.ich, f.r either ot the ahove papers, ^vlll td
titled to a copy, gratis, fjr ""C year.

Seed ana .AgriruHural Warehouse

No 29 Market S'reet Ph,Uu ^^^^^^^^ ^^

W ,,H^,, A>n..MO.KN -KKPs.of io. o.M, ra,«.nj;.-r red
tntion and warranted t . I..- a» rriTcscnt. (t i ^ririi'tar»i

lh-i«. also, nniie.fo-tunnv; all ""' "" '"\ "iM;r"V^(i .^!J ^.^^^^^^

loan.Wartn-U-of ri.w,of I^h '•v^'^''>7•'•^•••''' ^''1^ ,;;,.,,, /-.^'i.
Kxtend.njf P.int --If-Shaipeninp. Mirf:..*- «'"' ' ^.,
Winch for dnruhil.ty -and easy of draft .8 yt ""^^'j '•^';; ,.„,.ri.«^«
The j^rrnt ad vanMc-s H'-.e /'I..w8 p.^M.-«8 "yj " ..^t^-d "'l^'«
iiie.r peruliarconslnn'tion and thr «''''«»;»''''''"•';, V'^pnreo.al^
plnce ofC««t Iron. wloHiouly want, to he "'^l'"/'' ';;;',,
all of which will ue .oklon the inoil reasonable pr cr. ^-^QgnJ,

I

I

I

I

t

^.^^JteS,

r.':.-

Ci~ci

NIYLV

-•^ £= C

vni,. 2. WEST ClIKSTKII, r.\., FKIililiAIiV, IS5:i. No. t|.

rilKKARM.nHlilNAI,.

J. L. DARKINdTON K/,,r,.u.

.\. M. SDA.\(;LI:k, Assistant Editor.

vc; i:\Ts.

TriK Farm Joi ksal may be had at the following
places : —

W. B. ZiEBER, South 3d, St., principal Agent for

riiilad'dfdiia.

\V. II. Sr\\(.i,r.[{, - - Lancaster, Pa.

V,. v. <i'\\(,i Kit, - - - (• .linuhia. i'a.

<ir.o. RKia.Nr.R, - - - llarii^-burg. ]»a.

^' ■'^^''^f'^- Pittsburg, l>a.

•I i; >?!i:v(WK, - - - Chambersburg, Pa.

If. M. i:\vvi.ivs, - . . Carlisle, Pa.

A. ],. \\ » i:i iKi.n, - - "^'.ifk. Pa.

Wm. ]»,,mf.k, .,( Alto. ma, iilair (\)unty, is our aii-
then/.rd n^r.Mit f.r r»lair and Cenlro c.,Miities.

A. K. Rk \n^ , ('iuhIm rlaml and P-Trv eoiinties.

•h.^. Pk{>ion-. Kmnett S(piare, for 'ChoM'T and
Deliware eduiities.

•fiNMiivN DoRWAF-.T. bi iicaster C oUll t V.

^ ^ M r I : I . n . U' oo I) , ( J f \ o r r i s to w n , fo r "M . > i\ tg( , m . • ry
'did liiick- eianities.

And ot IJookst Hers generally.

I

Portable C-irain .>lills.

N''»w that horse-powers have become so common,
we thmk a good and not too expensive portalde mill
J'or grindin- and mixing grair. for h.u>es, cattle,
J'^'jrs, *.c., and ^^hich e,,uld be used ua tiic barn floor,
j'^'"^'^ find a ready sale. The one-tenth toll, and the
^'^''of time of teams and m-n i?) going some miles,
Di-ikes an item well worth saving. Such a machine
might also embrace the making flour and meal f.»r
^.uni y use. If they are in use any whore we sliould

'^ ^^*^ **' ^«"^'e a cut and description for the I'arm
•Journal.

-••^

^^ • • '^. L. is received. A hdtcr plan would be to mow
tJ^/T"^' "^^^'^ a^^i- harvest, before tliey have gone
0 sood and exhausted the ground. By -slcct time''
^''c mischief is all done.

Arial\sis of S )iis,

'Ihatlh.' inorganic conslifuents of our cultivato.l
crops as developed in tloir ah nin-t iMMh.riv.d fno,,
the soil, and th;>t whrr-- it is defr-tive in tie-.', a de-
fective crop is the n(;cessary result, arc I,;.;, \^hieh,
though not new, are cmly beginning t > be fully ap-
preciated by the gemaality of our farmers, As rea-
sonable is it to expect a mechanic to manufacture
his wares without giving him the inafrriaU of which
they are composed, as to expect a crop of wheat, In-
dian corn c,r potatoes where the soil is dotit'itc .,(
phosphoric acid, potash, magnesia, andoth- a b men-
tary constituents which analysis has proved to 'titer
largely into their composition. Agricultural < !iem-
istry has shown us wdiatrnostof our culfi'. at( d eropK
are composed of, and all that is wanting to an cr,-
lightened system of cultivation, is for th' [la.ti'al
farmer t \ make hin'-'df a 'juainted with the <'o?iino-
"-itioii oi his j;()il .>,, ;i- to a lapt the one to tin* other,
and thus he aide to apply sueh f((od lor jdants in (he
shat '' of nianur ■- and --nch (inlv a- ar«' wanlinir. or
may result from cleinicail Cdinbiuali'jiis LhiTein.

OiM' invariable rotatic»n (.f c-rnps, the uniform ap-
plication (d" the same manures, prevails in thi•^ dis-
trict of country, and in most others through Ponn-
sylvania. Barn-yard manure applied to the wle at
crop in tlie fall of the year, after being exposed for
nine or l<,ri months to the \se;iLlier, and an occasional
dressingof lime and plasterarethcthree great specifics
for all kinds of crops and all soils. That this xi'stcm
often results in largo products of corn, oats, wheat.
potatoes, <te., is an evidence of the natural f rtility
an<l absorbent power of the soil, an«l of the \.ilne of
these materials, but it does not prove that their in-
discriminate application, in the way they are nse<l,
is, in all cases, the most profitable one. Nothing is
more common than to hear practical farmers dif-
fer in opinion as to the use of lime and plaster.

One has told us that after using the latter for sct-
eral years, he had entirely abandoned it, never hav-

ing

observed the least benefit. Another, within a

J,- ^ . ,' t^-Tl''

322

KDITOrJAT..

Frp.pj'

AtT

r T r»» -MP- «Brsw»-w

!«5,^1

Hhort distance, has usually applied a small quantity
to each Iiill of corn, and has observed the V>enetit,
not only in that crop, but each succeasive onoof oats,
wheat, grass has indicated by its (i'M-p rri-.-in ;ui'l
luxuriant growth, where each hill •»{' corn hini
The Hrst concludes plast^T i- "f h<> u^>\ aii'l
no informs his friends and neighbors th:ii Im- has tried
it fairly, and it is money thrown awuy. AH within

it wants, so as to form the basis of improvement
AVe <'onsidor ii thus far as certain as matluimatici
and it^ ^reat imp(>rtance, to the skillu! larmcr, cannot
Im- t'M lii'^hly esLiuiat(.'d. i'laiil.'^, like Jiiiiinals, seem
U) have their instincts for certain kinds .it^ food, ami
• iin'"!- in tlirir powers of selection and assimilation-
tlie a^h mT dillVrcnt varieties, never exhibitint^

. 00

analysis, the samt^ composition. No substitutes will

his influence are thus disc()ura;j;ed from using ])las- answer. Hay, lor instance, e.^hausts the soil of sili,.,<i
ter. liis neighbor t(>lls a ilill'crent tale, shows its ; lime, potash. No application of so<la, inaLMirsia or
good effects, and plaster becomes a punaaa lor im- j chloriMC, whieh it contains in very f-mall fjuantitiin

proving land. One of our l)est farmers, who has
been in the liabit for many years, of applying con-
siderable (piantitles of ])Oth lime and ])laster, tells
us that on one occasion, wln^ro the jilaster fell short
of going over the entire fudd. leaving a whole land
across it untouched, this part could be observed at a

pKiTititiiM
will .sup])ly this deficiency

It does not seem to us necessary that fanners .shoull
(jualify themselves to analyse their own soils. The
practical ])art of farming is amply sufficient to ikvu
py their whole time, without attention t(t the laliori-
tory. An analysis will not «»lten ])e re({uirt\l m ir"

%

distance bv it^ increased luxuriance over the rest, | than once, but we hold it to be indispensable to ct

rect and profitable management, that they shnu]
in all cases, know the constituonts of their soil, bo-
fore they can judge what fertilizers are wanting, or

indicating tlu'r^ was an (^xcess <»f sul]>hjite of llnus
already in the soil, and that more produced a posi
live iniurv. The same discrepancy is found to ex
ist with respect to lime and barn-yard manure, little j in wliat quantities ttiey snouid he applied. p

(n- no advantage often resulting from their applicati.m I In Maryland, a State Chemist is employed on a
ular crops. The different results in these ca- fixed salary, to analy^e soils witliiait exjienso to the

8e8, is owing to the variable composition of th(^ soil,
and we refer to them as an illustratii.n ^f t]i«> impor-
tance of analysis— as indicating what is deficient,
and enabling us to supply it. liecausc a certain
manure has laibMl or succeeded under ci^rtaln circum-
stances, is no more proof that it will do the same in

farmer. There has been no liberality of this kind, >■
as yet, in Pennsylvania, but we hope there soon will ,
be. We have heard t]ir>re is an agricultural chemist
in Philadelphia, of some experience in thi- way, but
we do not at ]>resent know who ho is or where to bo
found. If anv of our readers have this infurmati<n

every other soil and situation, than that because the I we shall be oldig.d by h-aring from thorn, a-.r

Laplander (;an dig'-t whale oil and ttillow candles.
the same articles are suitable food for resid(mts of a
tropical climate. The orga:iic food of plants, con-
stituting over 90 per cent., is derived chiefly from the
atmosphere; the remainder, or inorganic constituents,
solely from the soil, and these, although in such
.small proportions, are equally necessary with the
others. The following tables, giving the composition
of several of our cultivated crops, will be found
useful :

farmers are making inquiries of us on tlii^ subject.

-••»-

ilndlan
Corn,

Whcat.lWhont
Straw.

Rye.

(\\rboul»- acUi,

S\ilphurlc at'i';»

Phii-.p^i'^'^'^ acla,

Chlorine,

Linus

Mau'nesla,

I'otash,

Soda,

SlUca,

Charcoal Ui asn, I
and loss, )

trace.

0.ft 1.0

49.21 47.0

0.3l trace

0.1 2.9

17.6
2.3.2

3.8
0.8
0.1

4.5

15.9

29.5

trace.

trace.
2.4

1.0
3.1

0.6
8.5
6.0
7.2
0.3
67.6
1.0

Oats.

Pota-l Tur- Ilay
toes. 'nlpa.

100.01 100.0

1.5 10.5
47.wi •i'^S
.... I o.:-s

2.9! 4.'t
10.1 ! 9.9

4.4| / ^'l
0.2! 2.7
0.8 0.4

0.3

10.4

7.1

11.3

1H.6 27

7.6 6.0
3.5': 2.6:
22.!*
5.7,

i.> i:v6
bA 5.:v

51.5 42.o; 1S.2

tnico.i 5.2, 'IX

8.6 1 7.9 37.!'

{iJb\ 1.3 1.7

0.7 ....

lOO.ol 100.0 lOO.ol 100.01 lOO.ol 100.01

The theory of rotation is founded on the fact tliat
every kind of plant requires its specific food, the
amount of which is of course diminished by the pro-
duction of every subsequent crop of the same kind.
Although analysis may sometimes fiiil of giving the
exact proportions, it may be relied on safely for in-
licatin- the general character, what it has and what

Cutting Corn-fodder.

flnos Smedley, of this county, and of manv ytiir*'

experience as a dairyman, informs us of his great

success the present winter in keeping his cows on

corn-fcdder, cut and crushed by a horse-powrr ani

machine. His plan is to cut off a foot or eij;ht.'-n

inches of the butts before putting it throiij:5h tho ma-

(diinc. TMiis is worked on the barn flour, with :i one

horse power, and the cut fodder dischart^'ed through

a funnrd into the entry below, contiguous to the cow

stables. Here it is emptied into a largo bcx made

for the purpose, and holding about :U bushel baskets

1 full. This is well mixerl up with an equal number

of quarts of meal, and the whole slightly moistened.

llehas.'U cows fastened up in separate stalls, and

one bushel, heaped up, is found suf^ieient for acowata

feed and they are led twice a day, eating it up clean.

Tnder this managoment they are iinproving finely..

and wintering as well as they usually do on the bes |

liav. ,

One sheaf of fodder cut up, making two^goodfeea^-^
is worth here, about three cents, making 21 cents ^^
week. Sixteen quarts of meal per week for eachco ^
is worth 32 cents. Total for keep of cows each, F j
week, 53 cents. This is cheap wintering, and a stro tr

KDlTOUlM, .M,T mil ANIM.VLS.

323

illustration of the great advantages of cutting food
for stock. Such evidence of what liaa been done, is
worth pages cf theory in convincing firie.crs of tin
great loss they sustain in f'-eding hay and fod.hr un
cut. Not only u ill on-' h,i!( or two-third- in .pianti-
ty he sufficient, but th<Te is a great savinj^ in resrx^ct
to waste. Tliose of us wh.) hiivc htMMi us"d to feed-
ing cattle in burn yards, (uit ol cribs, ktu.w th.'it not
less than about one sheaf to each animal \< a suffi-
Cif^nt allowance, and that whnn eltloT eorn-fo-id.'r or
h IV i- !'' I whole, a c(jnsiderable portion is dra"-<n'd
out ovrr tin' vard and lost.

Hav i^ now worth, from $1S to S'-.') per ton, and bv
this j)lan of feeding corn-fodder, a saving of some
ton>^ and tie' price of several machines may be ciTected
in oie' wintiT. AVe have found, in our (»wn (Wperi-
onc(S that when (; )rn-fodder is fed, merely cut, witli-
out iTushing, a very consideral)le amount is left un-
eat«'n. Tiif sharp and tough edges of the stalk do not ad-
mit of proper mastication, and, indeed, is apt to make
gore mouths. '!'!''' machiuf^ ,. .-^wJ i ,. pipnc: Smf^dloy
is of Totts' patent. I'rmy's jtatent is said to bf> able
to eut and eru-h from sixty to one hundred bushels
per hour. Our readers will find in another [dace an
excellent article, from the Mi(diigan FarnnT, on sow-
ing corn for fodder broad-east or in drilN. We \\a\'-
tried this ourselves, and found it a nin-t valua>)le
food, especially f(»r cows and young stock. We
consider it preferable to hay. When not allowecl
to go to ear, the stalks abound in riidi saeeliarine mat-
ter, and by the experiments .d' William Wfd>)s
of \s ilnungton. Dtdaware, who manufa(;tiire(l sugar
from ir. It wwuM appear to he equal in this particular,
to the sugar cane.

usehil, and we iiope to see them midtip'.ied n, dilb i
ent directions through the State. They answer an
excellent purpo.se in the diir.reiit tow nships us auxil-
iaries to county societies.

AVe are d^ Ipnus to obtain a li^^t of the various
county ugricuhural societies in Penn^^ylvania, f..r
publication in the Farm Journal. We liiink it im-
portant on several ac<-ountN, such u list shouhl be
'"■"^*' ""t- It will bring ne.re fully to view (he rela-
tiv.' condition of a-riculture in .lifferent sections, and
the progress of improvem.uit, and b- valuabhj for re-
ference in obtaining statistical information.

We shouldJ)e much obliged if th«' secretaries or
other persons wdio have the means of correia informa-
tion, will forward us an account of their county soci-
'ty ; the year it was established, the number of ex-
hibitions whi(h have been h dd, and a list of tho
president, secretaries and other (.flicerH.

<<•*

Agricultural .Societies.

One of the most cheering evidences of the progress
■'f ai^ricultural improvement In Pennsylvania, may
be found in the very great increase in the number
of these within two orthree years past. In a large num-
ber of ounties they have been established within that
time, and have held spirited and and satisfactory an-
nual exhibitions. W^Iiere county associations have
been found to be impracticable, we observe agricul-
tural clubs, for local districts (»r townships have been
f'rmed. whieh pn.mlse to be highly useful. One of
thes.. latter has been lately organized in TredvfTrin
town-hip, in this county, through the public spirit of
our friend. Dr. Walker. They Tueet at stated times,
and have a v^Mm\ in a central location, supplied with
agricultural peri.Mlicals and standard works on
agru'ulture and horticulture, and propose forming a
cabinet of specimens of newly introduced field and
vegetable seeds for inspection and distribution among
fjirmers.^ The interchange of views, and discussioun
on practical subjects, comparisons of modes of culti-
vation and general farm management which will ne-
essarily result from such clubs, can but be highly

Salt for our Domestic Animaln.

nv IKVI H.MITI.KTT, WAK.NKH, N. H.

Farmers in the same neighborhood differ widely
in their views upon the most common farm opera-
tions, suidi as the depiji (d })loughing; tin; width
and aiigle of the furrow slice ; the a[.jdicati..n <)[ ma-
nure.s* whether it should he -jo-ead ujion the land be-
fore ploughinir. (^r aft'r this operatiin, .Ve., ^c_ It
is less strange that they sin. uld entertain different
oj)ini()ns in regard to other rural matters, not so pal-
pably visible. Thus, while one farmer uses many
hushtds of salt annually for his farm stock, another
scouts the i<lea (»f its use in either lar;:e or small do-
ses. Some farmers practice salting tlieir hay at tho
rate of one bushtd of salt per ton. Mr. F(d], of Ul-
ster <'o., N. v., several years ago, gave, in some ag-
ricultural payx'r, an account of his method of curing
hay ; w hi(di was, to get it in very green, and sprinkle
on it one bushel of salt to each ton of hay. This
statement called (jut several farmers in reply ; and
oiuM)f them pronounced "his practice actually cruel"
to thus compel his cattle to eat su( h a quantity of
salt. Some farmers us(> but two, others four quarts
to the ton of hay, while, perliaps, a very large ma-
jority use nf)ne uj)f)n their hay, at the time oi stor-
ing it in tlieir barns. Thus, practical farmers disa-
gree. How are we to decide the question, wh(!ther
cattle should be supplied with salt, or md ? Reason-
ing from the instincts <d' our domestic animals, and
tlie researches in animal physifdogy, I can come to
no other concdusion than this : that the health and
thrift of our farm stock, in many sections of tho
ciruntry, depend nnndi upon a full supply of salt^
and that the peeuniary interests (jf the farmer ref^uire
that loi should, in sonu.' form, afford thissu[)ply.

'fhe Creator has given to man reasoning powers
ami speech, by wdii(di h(; can cunununicate }jis wants^
his likes and dislikes, and orally express them. Tc
animals he has given instinct, which guides them ;«
the selection of their food, and, in a good d'Mrree
teaches them to avoid that which is hurtfu'. or'^poi'
sonous. The almost universal relish on r doinestio
animals manifest for salt, indicate^ i,,,,^t^ (dejirly I
think, the necessity of their being supplie<l svith* i't •
and this desire for salt is not coniined to (.ur domes'
tic animals alone. Tho salt licks of tho west w
formerly much frequented by the buffalo, elk,
and the huge mastodon and other animals

324

SALT FOR AXr^NfALS:.

FFimrA

mmw aomim >.niti>wra«rm •y-s^r ■» ■-'m^-'-'t^-i^w*

nr,

purpose of ol)taining; salt, so nocessary to thoir woll
bciii^. Our cattle have not the use of an intolli-jjihlc
upooch, but **a('ti()ns somctimoH spoak ]»lairi as
Words," and thor/r//V;;j.'/fr(Mniontly nrmifc^t^Mllvy cat*
tic for salt cannot bo misunderstood. Th^'v ih'Mii, ^/wo
tis salt; the cravings of natur*' rc((uirt) it, and iimst I'ar-
mcrs believe tin? fact. Theroforo, some good tarnicrs
al\vay» keep salt in troughs, under cover of a shed,
where their (tattle have access to it throut^h tho year.
In such cases, it is probabhi tlie cattle just tako what
18 necessary, no more, no less. Others give siilt t«»
their cattle, sheep, &c., once a week ; whether \\\'\<
is as often as is necessary, (especially lit iIm' curly
part <>rth<" |';i<tiirlng s(!ason, when tin- t;rass i>^ ten-
der and succulent,) admits of ^oiiie donlit, Besidtv^,
thev may <*at too much at su(di tinges for thrir health,
and tie' Weaker ones niay not obtain their shar<'.

Chemical analysis long a^^o taught \\s that the
hone-; (if anlmaN M'T" chiefly forued of idKe^jihute
of lime ; but it Was n(»t known till the ])u1i}ii*ation of
a work on animal pliv>iolo;:'v, by Professor f>iel)i«:,
eonie three or four years ago, that the chloride of
■iiodinm, (common salt,) and pho^jilKite of >oda were
invaria])ly found in the blo(;d, and that the j)li(;^[»liat<'
of potash and the (dilnride of potassium were of' con-
stant occurrence in tlie juice of the tlesh. These
facts prove that these substances are mdispcnvalilc
for the healthy process carried on in iho M(»od, ami
in the fluid of the mu5«eles. Says tiic Professor, —
■"Proceedintr on this assumidion, the neec^^itv ftr
addiu«^ common salt to the food of many animals is
easily explained, as W(dl as the share which that sdit
takes in the forniati(m of blood, and in the respirato-
ry process. It is a fact now established by numer-
ous analysis, that the ash(\M of inland plant-, i:row-
inp; at a certain distance from tlo^ sea, C(»ntain no
fioda, or only traces of that base. The pota-he-i of
inland countries rarely contain nny caihonat"" of so-
da, while the ashes of the same ydauts, growing in
maritime countries, near the sea-coast, contain ])hos-
phate of soda and comnmn salt; tliercfore, tie* fxvl
of animals is not in all pla<'es of the same (juality
or composition, in rcspc ct to the two bases, potash
and '<oda."

"An animal feeilingon plants wlTndi contain ])hos-
phat''^ of (»tlier base^^, along with some compounds of
t^oda or sodium, produces in the body the ])hosphate
of s nla. so indispcn-ahle to the formation of the
])lood. Ibit an aninnil living inland, obtains in the
wec^ds, Icrbs, roofs and tubers which it consumes,
onlv salts of ]«otash. It can produc(\ from the |)hos-
phates of lime and magnesia, hy <lecompositlon with
the salts of potash, only })ho.^])hatc nf^ po/>fsI/, the
chief inorganic constituents of its flesh, hut ua jfJios-
phafe of soda, which is a compound never absent in
(healthy) blood. When, in inland countries, the
food docs not contain c mimon salt <>nough to pro-
due^ the phosphate of soda n«MM'ssary for the forma-
tion of the Idood, then more salf must he added (<> the
food. From common salt is produced, in this case,
by mutual decomposition with tic ]>lio<j(hate of pot-
ash, or with earthy phosphates, the phosphate of so-
da of the blood.

"Tho phosphate of soda is indispensable to the
normal ccmstitution of the blood, and that the pro-
cess which go on in that fluid cannot be replaced by
phosphate of potash, seems to me to ])e an opinion
fully justified by the properties of these two salts."

It seems to me, there can be no doubt in the mind
of any one, of the correctness of the views of Profes-
Bor Liebig, in regard to the utility of supplying farm
stock with salt, in sections of the country remote from
ih0 sea-board, especially when we take his views in

connection with other familiar and well-established
physiological facts.

Phosphoric acid and lime are indispensable in tho
formati(»n 'i' the bones of animals, and no other huI^
stances will answer that purj)ose. If the hayor<'ra88
upon \\lii' h a oiil -li cow is fed, is deficient in phos-
]tlmric acid and lime, instinct points out a remedy
the cow takes to eating bones, to sup])lv the deficien-
cy of the bone earth in Ikm- natural lutnL If sheciin-
not obtain a snfficien<'y (tf phosjdiates for her milk
:ind to supply tic daily v-a^te ui'ini]^ on jn her honog
and other portions of her svsttin, i n>ai 'cition >^■^^^\
Weakness follow, and sometimes d'-atli, from wiiat i«.
called the "bone disorder," A certain rciii'dv iur
this disease is found in giving to the cows the lino
bone-dust from the ))Utton-mould factories. A <;ill a
day, given to a milch cow for a few weeks, willruro
her of a [a'opousity to eat old bones, an*! rf^stor<' hcrte
health and strength. There is no the )Y\ uhout this,
it is a matter of fact, f h;iv(^ prociired several bar-
rels of" tlu' ]>one saw dust from the button facferv at
Hrigh.ton, as a metbcine for the cov»8 (;f f.^roiers and
others in this vicinity ; an<( the past suumier 1 f'nr-
nish(-d to a number (tf faiancrs the gr^icjid niiin ral
phosphate of lime ftr the same yturpose, and v,itfi
oqi...ilir i^'od results. F-inv* j^ tlo' principal mineral
ingredient \)\ tin' r)rmation id' an egg shell. P a Ip ri
is shut up. and fed wholly on tod containing no limo,
she nuiv occa^'ionally lav an clllt. hiit it v. ill ]i:iv.' no
-hell. A hen can no more gcn(>r<it(! lime than she
can gold or silver : nor any more transmute any oth-
er mineral suljstane'c into linn^, to form her egg-sholl,
than she can pro(luce the new three cent pieces of
coin from gravel stones. Sulpduir is a prominent
constitiUMit of the yoke of an egg, ilnit is dorivod
from the food upon which the l.ird subsists. Xo utli-
er >ubstaiice will supplv its plaee in the formation of
the p'crfcct egg, and "any hird whi^ h can organize a
perfect egg, witiiout a jtartide (d sulphur to enter in-
to the compo-^itioji of its yoke, ^•\u^ create and lay a
little \\-orld. \\\\\\ all it- inhabiiants.''

The blood (d' animals is made ufi of globules, Pome
of \Nhicli are whit<'. and others reil : the red glohules
owe their color to the oxide of iron. In tli"-'' (h-ea>-
ed states of the blood in whi(di the red ]iaitieles arc
(hdicient in rjuantity, the functions of ii; ■ arelan-
iruidlv ])erformed : 1»y the admini>trat!on va lU'-'Iicine
of the salts (tf iron, the florid color ofth" hlie.l aii'i
comph^xion is restored, and the general stati^ of the
health is improved. Probably, from some di-arran;:r-
ment of the assimilating vessfds in those persons
whose blood is deHci(Uit in colorintr matter, the ves-
sels do not take from tin; f>od sufficient iron; there-
fore, in su.di cases, it is given direct, and in larger
(piantity than is usually found in the food, au'l with
good results.

Common salt is acombination of lauriatie acid with
soda, an (dement, (in comiection with <m rtani ncid".)
so necessary t<» a h(\althy state of the blood- Plover,
red-top and* In^rd-grass," grown near the ocean, con-
tain so much salt as to rcMider the salting of the cat-
tle fed upon it unnecessary, while the same kind ot
'■rrasses grown h(>re, some GO or 70 miles inland, isso
deficient^in soda, that it hecomes a matfM- ()f nimdi
consequence that our cattle should be suppb-1 v itti
salt, for a certain amount of soda, from some source
or other, is required in ile- blood, an<l required, too,
by a law more imnmtable than that of the Medes and
Persians. ^Tis this law that induces the "salt hnn-
gry" cow or horse, to lick, for the half hour together,
an old cask that has been used for saltmg meat.-
Journal of Agriexdture,

I

I

\

1863.1

rx)RN r()i)i)Kn-]>oi'i;rPY hot^ses.

IMOllg

JSuwin- ("(.III Jor l<'o.l<((r. . „ ,^^ ,

M.,KMnv \ \ 1 o, . -a [^"'»^";J ^""i'^lHncs lor ten. Vet it is asloi .

xf IT. '^1^<^-'»<»V N- ^..'d mo.-l, l,s,o how reluctant ^.urftrmers an- in a.h.iuim^ the corn

M ivl.tor: 1 (0,.,.rve n. a 1 ne numher ol ihc lod(ha- (ailtivation. 1 hop. the larm.a s !^I d.l •

M.'k.ianl'anne,',.u nepnry for the best m(Kle of may s(.t a Inatcr ,.xamph^d c^,,mm. ^

raising corn U^r fodder, uud having tried several dif- Th.« In-st variety .d^ corn app.^trs to'h,- that whnd.

ferent ways, the result, uiay be of benefit to others. will aff.u'd th.^ greatest numh'el .d" stalks to the .n an

A common and a very oh.,ectionaMe practice, is to tity of seed sown. < ',arse fodder is not as go, 1 L

g(,w broadcast. Ihis n.junvs at least four hudef. fine. A r:.!.,,- ne.ist soil is hest, as immonse .pntn-

t., the acre, and even with this amount of seed, the , titles of moisture are thrown off hy such a mai. of

growth IS not d(»ns(; en(»ugh to keep down tic we^ds. leav.-v. •'

and as a conse(iuence, the ground is lcf\ in ,1 f,,iii

Condition.

The he-t way is to sow in drills. First plow and
harrew the ground, as if fir corn or potat()(>s ; run
fiirre,\. ill one directi(*ri, with one horse, ahoiit three

i'esides the ehe:Lj)Ue>s < d^ this (Top, MU^. the ^rj-pjit
«Mse (d itseuItivution.it pnsvMs^-e^ t he folio wilig ad-

vantaL'es: I. It may he sown after the Jninwing
W(n-k of sprin;: is accomplished, or at tlni eie"! ot
spring, ..r early in suimiier. 12. It may he harvest, -d

teetuparl: with a hand-basket (d" c(n-n on the h'ttiX 7i, ul '" V';"'"*''"- ^ ^' ".ay he harvested

arm, walk rapidly along^^ide of the furrow strew ,^ H ^^'T ,''";'•''"•' '"'"'' ''''" ^'■'"'•'•''- "'■ '^'"''"^^

th.^ ^. e,, with'the-ri.ht hand, at the rat.^ of ^hout i v ^ .'"'"-'"v";" ^, r"""" =""" =" ^1 '" ''.--

>rr:.iM, tw th,. (m, r ulo..l. ^vill ).. ..I .... ,• '""• :'• '^"; .^'''I'l'"!: a. iv -ram, itdoes not exhaust

u'l-ain^ to the fM,.f, which will he ah.ait two hu^ihefs
ttud a iialf to tliivc hushels per acre. A little prac-
tice will enahh; any one to do this evenlv and expe-
ditiously. Tin* s(M'd may be cover(Ml in the hest man-
ner, hy meaii> of a ore-diorse harrow, a ouediorse
cultivaier, oi- a t'.vodi(U-se harrow, passed lengthwise
witii ill- fmrovs^s. Tu-o ,n.o. ^v;Il thus put in five or
'^ix acre-- in a day.

Tlie only Huhs.'ipicnt culture neeifed, is to pass a
onedi<»rse cultivator hetweeii the rows, Avhen the corn
is ah'.ut a foot high. Xo hoeing i< re.jU!re<|. It^
growth will soon cover the whole ground, and ;ill
weeds, no matter how thick they may be,' will be
completely smothered and destroy,;d ; and u hen, at
the ch>se of summer, the crop is removed, tlie -round

the soil, and is, perhaps, the h.>t crop |m prece.h^
^^''"■■■'^- ■*• P is an adniirahle cr(ip lor .^mothering
ami destroying: weefls and ;_'iass.

A hrief glance at the advanta"-('s of the eeurral
tivation of this crop, may ,i,,t he out oi place. 'I'ho
value ol tlie annual hay crop in the Pnited States, i.n
ai)oUL one tiumii u juooon^ 01 oonar.H. i nose wuo
have already adopte(l the c(u-n-lodder croj», winter
tlc'ir cattle at less than half their former ("Xpense.
\N (Mild if. therefore, he ex t ra va;.:an f to 1,. liev(> that
'""' quarter of thr pre-.-nt e\pei,.r ;,, tl,.' u-.e of hay
throughout the country, would he saved hy its (x<Mie-
ral use/ Vet one (juarter is ahout twentydive mil-
lions (d" dollars yearly— enough to endow agri. ulfu-
I ''-^^ schools, and huild railroads })y the score— an<l is

have I ever seon i^, oJ , tl ; V i "•■ ^^ '*''"'' ^''''" ^^'"^'^'v^' "<' ^•""" ''xertion f .r 'ilv b)t ro.bictioii at

n.UL^l ever seen e.pial to this, for re(luein- -rassv, huge. -J//, /,,./.,., rnmnr.

will })e left as smooth and .dean as a floor

have I ever seen e(jual to this, for re(luei..^

weedy soil, into melh.w condition, in a simdt? suiu-

nier.

T.

*%*-

ii the crop stands erect, it is most conv. niently
cut with a stiff scythe. A litth- practice will ,Miable
the Workmen to throw it all in an even swath, with
the heads in one direction, .^o a-: to admit of ,>asy
hmdmg in hundlev. If much thrown down hv stMrm's
It must he eui with a corn cutter. When hound, it is
to he put up in large, substantial shocks, to stand
several weeks, (»r till winter, unless the ground is to
be sown with w hear, in whi.di case, the .-rop must he
drawn off, uu.i dcp,,>it,.d to dry, elsewhere.

Pvery beginner spoils his first enq), bv its lo'dfinrf
in tl,r, stark, l■:^ cu after drving several weeks, there
Ls moisture enough in the >ialks to cause violent fer-
mentation. The only ium},. nf preventing this disas-
ter, is either to leave the sho. ks on the ground till
winter, or to huild very small stacks, witirthr(^(^ rails
placed upright together at the centre, for ventilation,
ana applying plenty .d salt.

i^odder thus grown, and well cured and salte,!. U
greatly preferred by cattle, to hay. A neighlM-r
uiinks three tons are as good as four tons of^good I ♦''"J <^"<-* ^^ '^-^^ of the-e publications may ))e real by
^av. It should he grown so thi(d^, that the stalks the farmer, and he^^ill close the volume with the
by caUkranVnonc U^^^^^^^ bo wholly eaten feeling uppermost in his mind, that the inf.rmation

I liave'tried different quantities of seed per acre, ^^^'""^ dosire(l, has not been obtained. True, he may
anfihml that a much less rat(Mhan about three 1)usli- ; Jiave read uith some degree of interest tin^ origin

American IVmlterer's ( (Uii])anj.»ii.

■ I IVactical Treatise on the Jiretdiny, Jieariwj, F>it
tcniiKj and (,\-iu riii )[iid'i<i' i,i> itf nf' the Various Spe-
cies of J)o)nrs(i( /'e///////,- //•//// lllnslidli'm^ aud
I'dilimlsoj' Foirls !'ily-( II J'lom lunl Li I'l . Ill/ i).
\. IJi.MJi.NT, Jijtk Kdition, lLu\inr d Ijkis., Xcuf

"Within a few ^-ear-- pasf, s.",cral publi'-alions, [)ur-
portiii;:; tit tr* at upon the rearing aii'l nianageiiuuit of
domestic poulti's, ha\(' been i>>ue<l IVoiii the .Ameri-
can ptes;s. Some of these work^ ai-e in re re-issues
of foreign authors, wdiile others assume an air of
originality, anl profess to guide and instruct the far-
mer in all the (1 tails nn'l mana'j:ement of an .Vnieri-
can p lultrv vanl. ^V iih a single exception, I.oweMir,

Stalk- '^^^^"f'*^ ^y.'^'^ ^ diminished crop, alth.u-li the ' and history of numerous varieties of "faie-y fowls,"

but liu^Tm.m^^illan^alf-'Is^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^''' ''"'''' willyield (^.^ich seems to make up the sum and substance of

.j.^^-'JI'^^ly obtain, on land that will viel.l thirty or «i^^«^ ^^'^^^•^•'

tons ^^ '^^"^bels of c(u-n per acre, from four to six farmer turn .. . _

inclmibi !^rf ^^ Jried fodder. Counting all expenses, | kind of information. He expects

inciiHuMnterest on fiftv dollars per acre for the land, ' , ,• w r. vi 1

the dried fodder n«.,« 0,.^, e ii ' make his poultry profitable, and w

- . ' ^ iouu( r, as an average for hve or six years 1 ► 1

past, has cost me about one dollar and a half per ton. himself by the facts and figures of an experienced
'/isj usually sold here for six or seven dollars a poulterer that these neglected tenants of his farm

s onjioulfry,) but in this real-izing age, the
s to his books for a more remunerativo

to be told how to
hen he can sec for

320

POULTRY HOUSES.

FKIiRrART

i<i.',.rl

POULTKY IlorSKS.

n':7

l'»M»na, (b-du

yard ca/i be made as prolitablo as any otiicr brancli
of farming, he will be likely to treat them with the
same conHidoration that he docs his more costly i)e-
vonsand Durhams.

In the book before us there ia more of the ri«'ht
kind of information for the poulterer, than in any
publication that has heretofore come under our no- !
tice. The author, C. N. Bemk\t, is eminently a
practical man, and the name of the aiiih'.r alone, is
an ample ^utiraniy tli;it his iicai littlr \uluiu(r in })re-
cisely what it profc^ssi^s to lie — a j)rarf(r(d tnvitise on
j^ho r(-\rii\;i; and manai^omont of domestic |)oultry.

With many years ( xj.erience in the mana^emcniyf
his own extensive poultry yards, lie is enabled togive
his r(!;ul('rs the actual facts and fii^ures in reo-ard to
profits and expenses, the most economical kinds of
food, and many other important results to bo obtained
only by close personal observation and exporionco
Hut, wi' will let Mr. Hement speak for himself, and
as a convenient poultry-house is the first and im^\
important, W(^ mi;:;lit ad«l, iu'lispensalilc ui r,ucj;.iii,.tit
ioi- the succes5.rul poultfnT, W' will srj.'c't tWD of Ifn
best plans — the lirst, H<i!nrwli:it costly and oinaincQ.
tal, the otlw^r cheap and plain :

^mmm

LIMJ

mi

CM'

tM«|
III

w.

OUR OWN I'OURTKV HOT'SE.

The above fi^^urc represents the front and elevation
f)f rather an extensive and costly establishment,
which would be very convenient, and add mn<di to
embellish the ]u*(Mnises. The buildin;:s at tle> <'nds
are intond<'d lor laying:, hatidiin;^, and roost in;; apart-
ments. The cupolas on the tops uro finished ^vi(h
l)linds, for the pur{)ose of ventilation ;vs W(dl as or-
nament. On the bottom of the cupolas, and inside
of tlie building;, should be a door, huno; on hinges,
with a cord attachcMl passing through a pu!l(?y, so
that it may be closed or opened :it pleasure, to m u-
tilate when re<juired. lu tlie giihle eiid>, ii' fa<'ing
the soutli, i\o\v cotes mav be formed; or tlcv niav
be made lU the roof, as in the ligure. >

Tlu i'>ng building with windows in fn»nt, (Connect-
ing tlie two extreme ones, is intende<l for a .vA*/'/;/-
iio}(sr, chicken saloon, or icnlk\ for exercise in the win-
ter, as W(dl as a retreat from storms, feeding, basking,
gravel, sand, lime, A:c. : beiugmade warm by filling
in with brick, or lathed and ]dastered, and the root
should b(^ thatched with straw. Th • front should be
len feet high, roof sloping to the north. The win-i
dows are intended to admit Innitin winter, as well as '
light. II" only for a storm-house, the windows may
be omitted, and the front finished in the form i>f a
«hed. It will 1)^ found verv convenient for feeding;
and watering, as well as lor gravel, ashes, linn^ and|
sand. Boxes f(»r nests may also be placed there for
laying and hatching. By partitioning it off, two va-
rieties of fowls maybe kept separate; or cme side
may be appropriated for turkeys and guinea-hens,
and the other to the gallinaceous tril)e. Doors from
each should open into the yards, whicdi shouhl be of
considerable size ; say, at least half an acre for two
hundred fowls, as room and space in the air is nec(\s-
sary for their health, when they are not permitted
the range of the barn-yard. The yard should, if
possible, be a little sloping, that it may dry, as mois- 1
ture is a most destructive enemy to poultry. It should i
he enclosed by a fence, at least seven feet high, with i
long, sharp pickets, and the timbers on whi(di tln^
pickets are nailed, unless some distance below the

top, should 1)0 on the outside, to prevent tI)o fowls
perching on them, as they seldom attempt to Hy over
a fence without alighting. AVhen first confined, if
they have ])Ocn used to roam over the ])remises, ttuy
will show sonif i)nj)atience, which soon wears awav,
il rvrrything else is made agreeable to tiiciii. U
luav, howe\cr. be necessarv to (diT> the winirs of some
of then^ when first intro(luced, partieulaidy if tak*n
from the b:irn-yard, where they hav<' always had
fhoir liltfrfy. My fo-wl- an' so attaidied to the yard
tl.ut they are un^villing to leavf it. ev: ri \vl; mi the
gates are o]).'n — the effect (if education.

The buildings at the ends should be thirti'-u fo'1
square, and thirteen feet )>osts. W(» Jian:je tlii-^ si/.i',
as there Would be no waste of tiaiber, being ju>t the
lenj/thof the boards and joists. If not too near tlio
dw(dlin'^-house, so that there would be danger <d tiro
from sparks, W(^ would recomuK^nd to have the root
thatched with straw, as being much warmer in Nvin-
ter, and cooler in the summer, and when well (.Liu',
it lornis a light and dura!)h' roof, and will hist for
twenty years. It should, h(»wever, 1»e made v.^ry
sloping, in order to carry off the water niore readily.
A hole one foot in diameter, about tw.. h^et frein tliB
ground, with a door, either to slide, or liungeii liinK'
OS at the top, whi(di mayl)e held open ly moans of a
cord, should be made 'in ea(di d. partmcnt, tor the
fowls to pas^ in and out, and to confine them when
necessary. There should be no floor in tlie first story
to prevent the fowls from coming to the earth; and
the litter should be often removed, and the bottom
sprinkh'd with lime, at least once in each week.

In the second story, there sh(mld bea tight floor
under the roosts to catch the dro]if)ings of the fowls,
by which means the apartment can be kept mucn
cleaner, and the manure may be saved and sola w
the morocco dressers, for which they readily V^'^^W
teen cents per Imshel; or it may be gathorea i^
manure, which, with the exception of pigeon s dung,
is said to be the strongest of all animal excrcincnw
—U is home-made Guano, This will add an itemw

>

»

»

j|,o profit of keeping fowls, that has heretofore been ;
entirely overlook<'d. ^ '

The ruosts should commence on one side, .it tie-
top, near the platv and slope downwards, at an an-
glJ. 'of about d') degr.M.vs, like a ladder, to within eigh- ,
teen inches of the floor. The spars for the roosts '
should bo about two inches square, with th^ (turners
trtken off, iin'l pb^eed eighteen inches apart hori/.on-
lically, for the fowls, and at least two fe(;t for the tur-
keys, so that they may not incommode one auoihi-r
|»v their droppings. No flying is necessary in thi>
f(irm of a roost, as the birds ascend and descnd )iy
pfps. If '^ I'Mdiunn'teh'd by ^^ono' wiil.'r<, to have
;hr ^-par^ rtr • ros.s-piecos for roo.-ilu;^, ut" sassairas,
two iiiehe^ in diameter, with the bark on, whitdi is
hitid to he a protection from vermin — in Hhi(di, how-
,.v.-r. W'' have no faith.

Til.' lower story is designed for the laying and
iiatclong apartment. When we first (Tcctedour poul-
try liou-f, \v e trie(l ranges of boxes similar to thovc
<rt>ntM-allv mad'' for pige<)UK, placed against th(* si(b's
<il' th"N\alls for nests — but exp'-ri'-nc', the Iii>st \){
teachers, pri/v-'-l it was erroneous, (■•specially when
hat(dung; for v, Ice. tin; setting lieu hd't her n<'st to
procure ler food, drink, (fcc., one of the other hens
would copy the eggs, an*! \<.\. ':: and \:.y \,.'V egg. In
the mean time, the hatching hen W(»uld return and
find her nest (^eeuplcd ; and finding it no easy matter
to eject the intruder— -as ]M>ssessi(»n, with Ik n<, like
m?n, is con>idt'r<'d nine jtoints of law— would seek |
the first nest she could find with eggs, and scuttle her-
Holf there very contentedly. The consequence was,
the other hen, after depositing her a^^^, would leave
the nest, and tln^ eggs would cool and spedl. There
iH another difficulty. If vermin shouM n\ake tlcir
.ippearance. there is mk' way of getting at tli'in eir

cleansing the nests ; to remedy this, we ha<l separat.
boxes ma<h» and Imii/ around the sidr'S, niMi pi u'ed
ill the corners, whu h ( an h > rrmovetl wdjen hat. iiing,
or cleaned aiel fi< i li ii.ini vermin \v hen necessary.

The foregoing plan, though "rather costly," as the
author remarks, is very complete in its arrange no ii in.
We had a huilding erected from this design — 'Ml frot
by l.'i, brick walls, shinirh' r-tof, plastered inside, the
w.)0(l-work thorougiily coated with (Mu'ster eounly
iniu'ral paint. ;ind th- i-staldishui' nt !nrnlHhe<l with
laying boxes and r«'<'iiin;: hoopers, att-'r Mr. IJiautntH
design-', as (I -rnhi'd h« low the eo.-t <d" the wdnde
being ;>")()(♦. The '*st<*rm-salo(»ir' has some se'/enty
feet of glass front, the tem[H'rature in whi(di. without
artilieial heat, avera^r-'s about In dee-rees in ordina-
ry winter weather. I>uring the extreme cdil of last
winter, wlien the mercury ranged at /.'ro, the water
III the walouu was fV<r/,en. .Moii;:; the hark wall oi
this salooii we ha\e a row of la\ in;^ ho\es, fifty ii'
niJudMT, which will aeeouiiiiodate at h-a^t o*>'> hens,
a" th'*v r)r"fer bi^itw^ t^ovoral t'»ir'^«+her in the o'hti**
nest. This building will aeeonmiodate abaif o^K)
fowls -we have some {*>'> in at [>reserit. without being
at all crowded.

The "Xew York Poultry House," fignnHl below,
of the same capacity, can b«» erected at one fourth
the cost, an<l will answer every purpose f(;r those who
are not disposed t* indulge in a more ' laney" e Uab-
lishmf'Pt.

(X

N[:W YORK POULTRY-h/M-^'i:.

After detailing the conveniences and manner of
construction of several establishments, we come now
^^^.■^'^•ry simple, complete, and to our mind, a very
eihcient fowl-liou.^'e, as given by a correspondent un-
<lcrt)ic bignaturc of IX., ia tlie American Agricultu-

rist The writer says, "The accompanying plan and
references rend(>r a particular description unneceR-
sary. The north, east and west sides of the house
are' of brick; the fleora are of cement to keep out
rats.

^28

T'orr/n \ ifMf'9p<?

((

F

nwls will n<,t lay well in wintor, unlesH thov

MiiriTtfv flw> ,1.,... .» 1 !• 1 . • J

KHRrtp.

eac is dcvsi,n«,. far this purpose; ll'L 'ii:i':t::i''iu '::::i^:::i;^^'^'^ ^^^^ ^ ^'^ ^^< ^ ^:::zi'^

■"TV"f»«f~'» -:*.;

''".■"■"'•*•■ ''V'lr', .»

n- 19.

— "— — " — ^^^^ — — grrT?H j

n»'. ?r>.

f.. ^ '"-'-

-t.TJSi / -;•» •

^. , KXPLANATIOX.

Fif,'. IR. Klovatioii.

Fi^^ 1<). (Iround plan-./, h, nportiirrs for admlt-
tinn; fowls, with sii.los for rlosin-; r, place for foed-
in-: .7. mxs in-room ; <-, layin-rooui with sechuK-J
nost»; /, bin for fc.Ml : r/, pass;io(..

Fifr. 20. Soction throu-h a, <hn\y\n'r the pt-siiM-n
<'l the roosts.

The houso l.oinor coniplftf-d, the ji.xi iinf-rtant
matter];, th- necessary tixtares f*>r feuJinir. laviii-,
&c.,&c., -Some farmers," says th(.« author, 'aV.' in
the practice of foeain^' their iowls from the }i;ni.]
Htrewin- It over the -ronnd^hile otln-rs throw down
corn m the oar, in a hoap, and permit the fowls to
help themselves. This, howevor, is eonsid. ro.l a
wasteful and slovenly mode, and well cah'uhit.Mj to
invite rats and mice.

We have fonnd it more economical to keep "ruin
constantly before them, and for that ]>urpose adopted
leedinn;-ht)ppers or fountains. Before adoptin<r any
plan, we examined several works of poultry, but did
not fiml any to our likin<:^ : we then looked into Lou-
don s LDcycIopodia(d- A^^riculturo, and there found
the desired object, but too complicate<l and costly
lor our purpose; we, however, t ok a }iint, and con-
structed one ourselves, of wliich tlie f(dlowin.^ fi<r-
ure IS a l^iir represenfation, which we exhibiicd jTt
the lair of the New York State Airriciiltural Socie-
ty, held at Albany, in 1842, whicir(>xa-ted some at-
tenrion, and which tli*^ (\)mmitt(^o hi^^hly commeud-
etl, and honored us with a diploma. ^'

>

This feodino; hopper, as may be seen above, i^
four feet square, t\Yo feet each way — posts eighteen

i

I

l^-.l]

POULTRY IIOrSES-BASKET W I! I ' *W

oo*

• ,hoM Ion", and two inches scpiare. The upper sci--

..rtho box IS Hix inches deep, and the sides arc
lion ei viK> "^ * ., 1 i ii *.t . 1.' ti... ; ..*

leaves a i)assaii»! Wiiy luailv a foot wide behind tlio
nosts. The to|i must slope from tin' wall, and o])en

t" '('(l into or naih'd to the ]>osts. From the bot- partly or entirely with liin^^t^s. 'rii.-,. nests are casi-
"*"'* "f thi'» suuar(\ the slantin;; part or tinite-l reach- j ly exjmrme'!, and irivc; the Ibwl.s ;iil tin- secreey ili'y
^'"" 'wiiliin half an inch of tlie tloor, whirl, nIk.uM j seem to i.'iuiir. Fi^. 27 shows the appearnnee (»f
T^ ' X inches from the jri'inil ; the tunnel ta|)ers I this series of nests when c1os(m1. I'ig. 2S cxhii)its a
1'*^ \vo tonne foot; and in < r h'r to brin;^ tlu; «;rain view of the interior arranpjement." '

• th 4 roach of the fi)\vls, a cone, (Fi^. A is a scc-
ti oil ^is placed in the <'entre, as much similler than
tlii' iiopp«;r as to leave b ilf an nich space all around,
^-hicli conducts the ^ruin to tic ed-.', where, as the
fowls pick the ^rain mw^'V I'""''' ^vil! lull, nnd l<e(>|,
a ceiistant Mipj.ly r.< Inn- e.s :ni\ i^ 1. it m tl,.- 1p p-
Tho ^^hi^"^ "" ^'"' ^''^''^ j)rc\.iil th<' lw\vl> iiMni

With these extracts, wc mu^L lorbear further no-
tice, at prestmt. of tlii^ valtiable work. We (Mimot
part with it, ||M\\.'\.T. \\ iili Mit a;;aiii reeommen'iint^

it to til.' u'ti'Mii-iini every f'.ifni.T \v]pMl.-i'.:ns " ;^r(»\v-

ni;

;i.'U

it rv with an e\ t- \n jn^Jif.

lb' cannot read

)i'r.

tlie book "il' lie t n<

without ''•'tlin,': \ ahif rec'iv

Tlii- Hub' \olinue i- ;j:ot up in tie- u-iial n-Mt stylo
i)t tilt Mr^-r-^. Il'(i[>rrs -to who-'' jx.lit' ie--;s we are

jrettinj in '-r rrowdm;: one another. ^ I In^ lountam
■W 1 nl 1 two liu^li''N or more of ;rrain, and proteits ,.il f )r )i;~ outlay in time and nioniy.
it from wet and in :v mea^ire from rat^. It occupies '
but little roniii. and from sixtcn to twenty fowW can

^ To mMlt^(^'the ^^^^^^^^^ ntore ..fTctually from rat^anr indebted lor the a..-on.p:in vin:r en::ravin- - -and is

mice we would >u;r;:;est that tliepo>t-be nni'le -oiiie jb,- -,il ■ ai tie- b i .k 'Jtoi-e-^ ;:en. rally, we pre-unn',

two feet Inn ;^cr. and a platforni of board-, al.out one .^,,,i j^ ^]v,o anion- the .•:.ll.'cii,,n o! a-ricultur;il works

fo..t^vide, placed round and fitted cb— ii]. totbebM ^^ ^,^ svarebou^.^ of V. >ba-n. :. <'o., WeM rin-ter.

toni, so that iniee rimnot cliinh uj. the p..<t< aiel -et

in. 'This plall 'nn will be iieccs:rar^ fur them t'- I'n*''. >^1-

«tand on win'ii ealin-.

\v \'i ci; I or \ r \ I N .

n;i>kct \> illuu.

-Therosbould if oo--il.le. b,. runnin- water intbe The eMliivation of Ibt^ket ^Villo•^ i,, tl:,. Inited
yard as fowls, like -onie mImt bij.eds <d lar^rer , Stales ap,-ar. Iron, tic L.t. winch have rune; to
crow'th prefer ch«an, pure water: and in order to ' our kuowicd-c, to be a subject deserving' ser.nis
prevent their drinkin- bv chan.-e what is bad or cor- | ct.nsi.jeration. It is stated, upon the best into. ma-
nipted stone or wooden trou-hs, or what is much ' tion, that the value of the annual impnrtatKm ot the
better 'a ke<r set on a <tool, nn end. wir), a small tube ' article int<, this enuntry amounts to nearly hM' no!-
exten.iin-fvT.m the h.ttom to a ^hallow diOi o,- lan, ; lions of dolhn-. an 1 that lai-c as the .iuanri|y may
which should be -unll, so that the b.uds cannot get ', seem, it Mo, . not satisfy the cnnsunM»ti<m. 1 he sup-

into'andsoil the water." - - - - ply is derived ifo.u ^ ---'''J, j' ••■■'^;'-/^ I' . i

price paid h-re ran<;es from -I'Hito M..<' ;h i ton
wei«dit. There are three varieties of the prmt re
carded as best suited for basket makni-, tai luiii^',
t^innin- and fencin-. Oi these, the Salij' 1 nnviah^,
is most used in the manufacture (d baskets, and, nn-
,],.r favorahle eiirum^tanees (»f soil ;ind cidtnr.', an

;,f l..;tM t ,v.. to!!< Wel-llt

TLANS FOR NESTS.

Suitable and attractive nests are indispensable ac-
companiments to the jM.ultrs ho\ise. The author de-
flcribos several jdan-. the most coin})lete cd which, in
onr (Opinion, i- ilw following::

'•The hell," .-.ay^ Mr. lienieiit. "i^ a yirnde, and
likes to steal a\\a\ in <onie sK idace to ijeposit licr ;

folh

American i' ii

io

;i,-re of -rollll'l W ill V )e. , 1 i.

jMi- ve:ir, c-.-!in:r. ut.-n prepared f^r market about

S:;:»'],er t,ai. The next -perie. i- tl.e S.iirr ( "jnn!,

,;,• lIuntm-IoM uillow. ad:o.t.d fa- ha-fet mak.n;^.

,hMt ncre ext..n^i-.el,v en.pN.ed hN bt.-b^l' <^>"uers

;j:;ratify ilcir or-an o!" sccretiveness, the j (, .. p, ,,,|, , . ,|,-. ai.d ieii-iii-. \N

■ ..•_.■ ,. . .. . ...1... A t,,,. pur-j.ose, tic nciiae r o!' plantiir/

wiu ^vim-i H..II1 i-Mi,i_v i,-.M-.. >.,,,..., ^ be "div I 1acin;i; the t'lid - oi theeiiti in:

Bays, 'has lateU been eoiitri\ed in ( 'ouneclicail. aiuL .,^,,,1 tij. ., \\orkinj: them into a k nd oi trell;- work,
,/..,.-, , rr 11 ; . . .,, •., ;,,-Miind the tops, HO a-to

le til -' '^^" y<-5^rH. ddio

■ t

e

owm^ inf2;eiii.ii
the ''American !*> a

1,1, u-'d Joi- the lat-

■ ,l,...,o-i!'ed to

in the e-ri.und,

.>-j., .•t,'.ic.-.^. , ,- , , ...,., » ... ^, .- ,,111 > II- II ..■/*i.-"^

1 have tried with eoiiiph le -access. Hens are well i .^,,,l j.as^injjj a willow withe ;

known to be anxious to depf;sit their e^^s in seclu- 1 i^(.,.p them in shape for tlu n^ i u

ded ]>lac('S IVtc secret nests here alluded to are well i t„ps are afterwards cut off yearly, and <old to l^aske
adapted to satisfy thi^ ])ropensitv. They arc made niak-r-. tlm^ ohtainin- a lenre :ind <rop Irom t i

Flp. 27.

* "Place n ydatform of
boards, two feet wide, and
say ten feet lon^^ (thou^^h
it 'may be made of any

same-n-outcl. fhe Imrdle bae-- ot Lnjano, re-

movable at theph.aHH-eor 'J':,,i'''''i'^''';':':';'^"V'ir

made fn n. the S>/u: Capua. Ihe J "^'J^;.'"^ j,' ; 'l
low to which we have rehtrenee, i- the ^.///./ Alha, or
.. i.Hty oc U..V.. .,. ...-J Bedford Willnw, whi.di is held in h.-h ^f^'^^'^'.^ll
len-th,) a-ainst a build- ,bade tree, and very ^^enerally cultivated for this use
j in- or a close board fence, \ ;,, Fm<dand. It is remarkable for its^ beauty ami ra-
about three feet from the i .,;,] .r^.^vth— affordin^r aor(»od ^hnle, it is san . im tv^.
crnmnd. Ahm- the outer ' V^ars after plantin-. 'lie- hark is, also noa h pn/e.i
ed-e of this platform nail !f,,r its superior tannin- ].roperties, while '^^'"'^'^'^
a board, Icn-thwise and i fp^m its fine -rain and susceptibility of a [.oii^l. as
upri-ht, about one foot 1 fi^o as that made on rosewood or ma lo^any is in
hi'di : leave a space open | extensive rcquisiticm for shoemakers lasts boot-tice ,
in'the middle, andateacb ,;uttin-boards, -un and nist.d stocks ""^/'ousc ira-

cnd ei-ht 'ornine inches wide, and divide the re- iK^r. '^'l^^' J^' ^ ;^;; j;);;;^^^^^ Inac^

mainin- space inside the nests a foot s^piare; thi, ' Kn-land in the manufacture of gunpowaci.

Fl'--. I'.-'.

iL^,/<^'lw''^TLVHii^VK£^y«^k /^-^^^'MM.^^k

330

BASKT/r Wlf.LOW-SOII.S VXD si'rAOir.q

Feu

of the wood, after ten years from i.lantln^r, has sold
lor .tioo.

As respects the j.ractl.'a])lllty of growing in this
country the willows enumerat«Hl, experiment by a
number of enterprisinn; farmers and hortieuIturistH
inxNew York and other states, has been niade suc-
cessfully on a small scale. T\u) soil and climate of
the United States arc, in many places, favorable to
the cultivation of the plant, and but little care is n<'-
ccssary to brln^ it to perfection. T!,..se persons who
have en^^in;ed m the enterprize, and iiave exp^ri-.Tice
in the work of raisin<; this spi^cies of ve;j:<'tnl)l.> |,>r
manufacturin;^' nurposes, assert c<.iifi i.-ntl v thai it

R'-A»T.

I

fain,.,l ,la.a. >l,a7 tl,..,v an. I„„„ln.,ls . f ,1," , „X ,r ; ' '"' .m. 1,,,,^^ m.uv l,..n ,U-.n..r,i i„ ,|„. ,,,,„„,.
.u r,.s „f luuW l,..r., oi,h,.r „„t iinpruv,.! at j i ,,, .''■■''" "y "' ''V"'' '"'' "■"■'' '""■""^'I'i.v I'V

.yi<.iai„j;lmtav,.rvsM,all|„.r,-,.nt. ...raniunn w hi,- , ' .' ""' '••|1'^'>'"-""<1 «'^l';'n,m.Mt. It i, „,„ „:,

Distins^uisUiii^ Cli.irarters ol Soils and Sub-
soils,

. . r^ thciti wiiii the o/Aor,
productive ol imnu'iis(» pmiits. On this point, an in-
trlh-ent gentleman, who ha> a prac,i<-al a.-'iuaintaiice
with the subject, says :

"Every fanihT w ill arkn..u l.sl^r,. niraliw land to
be poor that will not yield a t,.i uf hay to tl,. a<T.N H^uu-ath the inimrvliato surHico of s,/,] through
which, when cured and in niark.t, s.Moiu s.. Us for I which thr nlnn^-i, mal-.. it. u-iy, and »., 'vhi-h the
more than:>lL. All in.n wno an' aoiuamtc I with ' s.msI ,s <n\vu>[i-\, h.'S what is* .'-(.nimonlv distin-
the growth of willow for inark.t, w.ll kn..w that an -uishod by th.' nan,, nf suhsoil. Tin. ^.h^oiJ occa-

acre of land <)u-ht to yi. hi at h^ast .nr and a half j sionallv consists of a mixtnn. ni tlx n. ral con^tit-

tons weight ot It. 1 lie cost o| pn-parin- wiih.w for ' u.-nts of s,>iN naturaHv diir.'rnii Imni that which

market would not exceed .^ h» p.r rnn. \ow. cstima
ting hay at $12 per ton, and wilh.wat $12<l, deduct-
ing from the willow $40 per ton for preparing for
marker, there is a balance in favor of the willow of
Ji^8U per acre.^'

The feasibility o{ iho riiltiva'ion in the Cnitod
States, has been, hitherto, and verv natnrally, .l.M'i-
ded by importers, who have n^proscnt.d the rmp to
bo liable to damage from Hies aiid ha\e a^so alleged
the price of labor to be too high to alh.w .>! lair^re-
munerating returns. In contradiction <.( this w.-
here cite the testimony of Mr. W. {]. IIa\n.-,. ui\,'\y
York, who is occupied in the ])roduction of th.- wil-
low f r mechanical uses. He says:

_"1 ha\c grown as good a .pialitv of willow as i^
raisiMl in any part of th.^ wnrhl. Tlnit takm fmm two
acres >ut !a-i yca.r, \i<'i.lcd me, clear of all expenses,
the snn:; little muu '<A s:\:\:\ To. If [ },;i,l th.' means!
1 wunhl purchase' laiuls and plant tlmnsands of a-'res
of willow, and tin«i a readv market for it."

orms tlie snrface layer — as when ilay abov(? has a
sandy bed ]>elow, or a light soil on the surface rcsta
on a retentive clay })eneath.

This, however, is not always the case. The pecu-
liar characters of tln^ soil and snhsoil often rc.-ult
from the slow operatic iji of natural causes.

In a mass of loo^e matt''r of cinsi'lerabh; d-pth,
>}iread over an extent (if c:iunti v. it i~; easy to un(lo>
^taiid li,)W — even though originally alike throu<:h its
\vh(d' mass — a few in(dies at the -mi, ice should grad-
ually acquire different pli^siial an<l chemical charac-
ters from th- r(>st,ajid how ther<' shtuiil thus ]>o j^rad-
iially eviahli.dnd important agrlculiur;;! distinctions
between the tir>t lli (U* lo inches (the soil), r!i.' next
lo (th(> sn])soil), and the i-cnniining bo-ly of tie' mass,
wliich, lying still Iov.jm*, does not eoiiK^ uiiilcr lli'' ob-
serv;ition of thi' prai-tical agriculturist.

On the surface, plants grow and die. Throu;:litlio
first few inches their roots penetrate, and inth'samo
th(^ dead plants wvo buried. This portion, tie !•• ter'-,
b\' (h^grees, assumes a brown color, more or h>.-. tl.u k,
accfirdin^ to the (juantl'.}' of vegetable matter wliich

To Convim-e tie-,, xs ho have not investigated tlu
subject, of the lucrative nature of the trade, it is suf- , av^^Mv....^ o- ....- -luauu.^ <u >r-couM,- muilo i >
ficient to state that the large imp -rtaiion of ha-ket- j has been permitted to accumuhit.- in it. Into the
willow, made during last summer, by four or five subsoil, how^n^er, the roots rarely penetrate, and the
houses in New York, was not equal to even half the | dead ])lants are still more rarcdy buried at so great
demand, which is increasing every day. Funher- ad-pMi. Still tlsi > inferior layer is n-t wlu.lly dosti-
more, it has been discov(M*e(l by one wlio has Indus- tut' of vej;,iable or other organic matter. However
triously colIecte<l the statistics, that the amount (.f, comparatively impervious it may be, still wal^r maken
money paid for willow l)askets alone, in the city of its way throun-h it, mon^ or less, and carries dewn

New York, exceeded $1,000,000, and that the sum
paid for baskets shipped to the Southern and West
India markets probably reached S2,000,00() more.
These facts are certainly important, and well worth
the reflection of men who are properly situated foi

.soluble ori/d/iic ,suh.s/ance.s\ whiidi are continually in
the act of being produced during the decay of the
vegetable matter lying above. Thus, though not sen-
sibly discolored by an admixture of decayed roots
md stems, the subsoil in reality contains an appre-

tive product would always comnnmd a sale here, in
preference to that imported, by reason of the clean-
ness of the crop, and its freedom from bruising and

Again, the continual descent of the rains upon the
surface soil, washes down th(^ carbonates of lime, iron
and magnesia, as well as other soluble earthy sub-

**v.oc wi Linj v^iujj, tiuu ii» iiueuoni ironi uruising ana and magnesia, as wen as oiner soiuoio uuiuij '^^^
breakage occasioned by packing in a ship's hold, not i stances — it even, by degrees, carries down the fine
to mention that the imported article is the mere re- clay also, so as gradually to establish a more or less
fuse of the foreign crop, which is generally carefully - manifest difference between th^ upper and lower lav-
picked by the French and German basket-makers, j ers, in reference oven to the earthy ingredients whioh
who retain the best qualities for their own manufac- they respectively contain.

I

embarking in a business which, in all points of view, | ciable quantity of organic matt'er wlTe h may be dis- |
promises advantages so decided and great. The na- 1 tinetly estimated.

I?i53^

SOH.S A\h srUSOILS— FAUMEUS' BOILKUS.

331

turn into fabrics subsequently exported to this couzj.

Besides the Inducements which an e.xtensivo a f"—

mestic demand for tlu» willow holds out to'our r.m'lv

eulturists, Great Hritain ann.ially imr>orts from^I!*'
continent a large quantity of it, an.l there is n, M.
scm why producers of the raw material here sh. nh
not supply the consumption of Kngland as well Tlf
the Unite<l Stato.s. In short, the V>ioet orcuIiVj
ting the SW/x Vinuna/i:^: an] other' species of tl!i
plant adapted io manufactures, appears Worthytn

'"" ^''". '"■^'•'"'■^' nftemion of the American lariiiop
and, in view of the o!,\i,,iis rewaiM; ' "

f

R,,t except in the case of very porous rocks or ac-
uil'itionsof t»arthy matter, these surface waters
^"'iv devcend to any great depth, an<l Iwrnee after
'^'nLincr thnmgh a variable thiekness of subsoil, we
' , . m gon'ral. to earthy layers, in which little
lUible matter can be <leteeted, and to which the
jinio iron, and magnesia of the superhcial covering
h-wm-ver been aide to descend.

Thus the character of the .90/7 is, that it contains
more brown organie, chiefly veg.'table, matter, m a
-titeot .lecay— '>f the .v7^//.-o//. that tic organic mat-
t,.ri< less iu'iU'^""'^' =^'''' ha^ente,..! li chielly ni a
^,luhle Stat", and tliat earthy matter, ar- pre^'Ut m

itwhieh have I n wa-he^l out ol the ^nperior soil

findi'f \\v^ suhiannf ^//'/ , that it has remained near-
ly unaffecte.l bv the chan-'s whi-'b vcgetatiim, eul-

ture, and atmospheric agents have produced upon the
portions that lie above it.

From what is here stated, the effect of trench and
subsoil ploughing, in altering nutre or less materially
the proportions of th<« earthy constituents in the sur-
face soil, will be in some measure apparent. That
, whi(di the lontr action of rains and frosts has caused
! to sink ])eyond the ordinary reach of tie i.lou<rh is,
' liy such methods, ))rought a^^ain to the surface. N\ hen
' the substanceM thus brou-ht up are .lir-eily !,• netieial
; to Vc'^etat ien I It- are littt il to nn|ne\i' the t-'Xtuie of
(],,. .,,if iH f.-itilltv i-> liierea~e,l. Wiea-ethe contra-
ry i^ thera.-e. it- pr'MJnetive <-:ipa!iilities mav f'»r a
Imi n-r nr a -hur-'T iierii.'l be manlf'-tly diminished.
.Jn/nisln/i's Ajn<>Ut\iral Clu mist i y.

Farmers' Boilers.

We insert engravings of two patterns of i-ilors for
boilin.' and steaming food for stock, with the results

ed at any of the agricultural warehouses, iit pri-
ces varying from $0 50 to $25 00, according to
size. This mode of preparing food for stock, 'v< part
of the improved system ..f fanning, wliich farmers
mu.st come to, if they regard their own interests.
There is no doul;t about this. It is >.t.ly a m'-" """
of time. The sooner it is adopted, the greater the
profit.

Cooked F.od forCatt!r..V..luo of Hoot^ ia Tatlen-

in;r Caltle, etc.

below of some experiments, showing the advantages
of cooked over uncooked food. They maybe obtaln-

Weston, vSomerset Co., N. J.,

March 8th, 1850.
Prof. MM-ES-Doar Sir t-Knciosed you have an
account of my recent experiment, made a tyour re-
nuest in feeding eattle with rooked Jccd, dv. .

^" t lee ted two pt.ir of cattle from among eigh pair
^vhich were similarly conditioned, and which I bad

332

C00KK,>_F00r)JX^^

r

Tliey Were

ir.20 U)s.

17 M M,s.
Iti70 Ihs.

I. ''1(1 lbs.

fed aliko, and P,r about ti.e same time
weighed „n tlic first of January

>['». 1 wi-iKiita . . *^

Ao. 2 " . * ' -

No. 3 ••."."

No. 4 " ..***•-

Nos. 1 and 2 were fo<] flnrJ..™ t
corn au,l oat., (.^Xn 1 ' ?.? nr""'^' ^'" ' "^•^- "f

knti,. will r';;, , J.;,. ",'""' ""■ '■'■•"'■"•^ '■'•'!"■

I

!«•

o

NKSBIT'S ADDRESS.

333

1 Would niu-^jj^^ tj,.^t ](j jj^^ o7~^ """"^^^i "^ <«m1 of* iii»d wliat 1 |)ro|(uso to do is to ex- 1 ouh lujtioii ; I must nilurm vou tli.'it the manure ob-
^"^ P'''^'I»<'i*ti<>n l>eron' muuhmI, will \\v\!\ ^'"^ ""*iF ''^T^rikn'»wl<'<l;^'' '^ ^'^^*^- further; ho that, instead tained fro.n animals in always d.^pnuhuit, as ro^^ards
od, 3l]llja. I^' y<Hi think thoalM,vu'''^i^'''-'" '^ rr^tt<'riti<»n iTrin;; confined to thost; ^«!neraliti('s itn value, on the food wliidi the aninjal eatn . ai

>'im;i I.I,.

of hi" a^t

From the London Farmer's M,,.,y,,,, "
,,,,;.;^^^ I Home extracts fn>n. an addn.sH l,y J CxV"'^"

'-'-'- - ^^-^i^ --»t.t.,, ,, oonddi;;;, r'r^^

Mr. Chalrir.an and -.-ntlem.'n I r.,.J . .,[

\
that the exerementM of aniniaN are ahvays less \:il
\ia)>le, and less povverlul in manuriniz; prineij les, llmn
is tlie food eonsunv.'(l hy those animals whiNt |>r(»<lu-
einjj; the manure; the preen food, |>lo\V' 1 int'^ the
land, will "-iye moremanure to the land than tin- ^aiiie
food eaten by the aiimils. Not that I would reeom-
111' III you, as a rule, to plow in yo\ir vefr,. tables ; lait
I \\i--li VMM t" ri'iiein^i'r tliat VMir sh^ep «'aii drjM.nl
nMiliin" tin til"' land iiut \sliat llu-v lir~t r<'c<i\ .li hum

ht'i-r a

• I , . I

n
lis CVc],

•' ' ill.

il^ftli"'"^ '^ ,, 111 111

•lii.'li it Inis hitherto been tixecl, lu; should Ix;

^" jllciuiiinted with (>very thin<r in the s<.il, in the

. ;.i the jnanuns in the air and in the water.
erf' '" ^

W I ask you, s''"^^^'^^^'"' '^'^ practical men, to
whether yini consider that this knowledge would

'^,^ l,,MVorth hiivin;;, and whether it wouM not )...

",'.11 for everv man, an far as it tn ly 1." in hi^ power,

n'.,.,'k toattiiinsueh. Vimul.- 1--. W .IKn-w. Iiavin;:

fhim nrefwi'd niy subject, 1 vJiaU at mir.' .(Mum' Iu•.■
. .'.u-^'d<'i-atl mi -f the iiianur" made .,n th' land ;, amMiiiit d"p»<iied will Im' !.•<-. than that r.M-.MVrd
iT'^hi" aft. 1- ward ^ (lib-r a h'W obscrvatii.ns -mi th-' • Now let us l.n.k alitth-at this p(rii\t. Vou know that

Tr tiun -f rr ■;><. and th" nature of thos" suli^tanees ' in one of our ordinary iire-plaees, wh'-n coals are put

'•( Vi'i 'iP- "f? !-'"i ^ ' f^"' larnnT, under the name ..f ] into tie- ;j;i-ate and a li;;ht is appln-l to th*'m. an ac-

'*''I;!;.'i' .,',',,•.• Vnd let nir h.Te oh.rrvr that I'tion tak.'s placr u liieli makes tli^ air aliov diifer

the !"m(k1 ; and ilia?, under all cireum-ture ''s, thcj

y and corn stalks ms th^v .i

^n the farst of l-'rlnaiirv r I, , •

"lat (,

No. 1 wolghi.ti
No. 2 "

J>lrtlit. February 1st

"<'Ulit, January' Ist.

Wf) It,s.

•WU IIjs. Kaiii 111 I iiKMitii.

105 Ihs
100 '•

number of curious thin-rs

tllril-

oui:;|jI
"f w hie!

(.■llCUllrj,

priitliirj,^

<h;vll !••' very happy, nt the (h.^e ut" th
hour any remarks, •!• t* answer any 'pn
oiav eccar to any -ne present, havin-

"V'' .^"" J'l'h'l't hat.

^•^H. I and " it wIm'T" ";'"""^"' -05 lbs.

food dunn;r the month ,r , '"^"'^^ ^^"^' ''-^'i cooked
lbs. '-^it- monLj ul January, and -ain.Ml 2<):)

No. 3 wci-lied
No. 4

j;>'j«ja, February Isf,
»Vei-ht, January 1st,

1750 lbs., haviuK gained

80 lbs.
40 •'

;iiO0 lbs.

NOS 3 an.l J "' TV'"" ^'''" '" •""" "'''"^"' 120 lbs.

although in e;;i:^:l^f•:''.'::^:'ry'-^

care

Itliou"liia ..viMv,.!." '"..kcl.; ;„i,i still. , .sav, ■■aiv

arod lor "like t,,^m- '"""'■'.''''; "'"y "■^''■" f^d a,.,l ^ -r pracii,
^ very lar^' '-n?, .'^''"'■''■^.'" 'i'^?,'- "f ^•""ked l.nl , and a. if

, oi a.1.1 secure to vuu a Krcalor knowlod-e ofZl
.a«<cc. of aKncuUuro than .you already ,,o.;. , *'

ser at on. An,l, gentlwuen. 1 ,aust, in (act, nuane.

Mut I l„„k you ou^li, ,„„ i„ aain. fur yourselia

.;>a>;. -ar,. il„. |,ra,-ti,:,l ,n,n,- a> if iliero Avi'ron'ootl-

> leetnre, tw
^tinn- \\ hieh
es.MlT, na\ iiil: refei-ciiee to
anv thin;; which I ntay have said ; for s..me o| tln^
thint^H whi'li I ii-'-n 1 t . pres.Mit to yuur notit c may
t,e so new, and so contrary t^ ideas previ-u^ly mi-
proflsed on your minds, that you may doubt the irulli
.)f mv stat'-ments ; and the best way to H«*ttle any
qiiL'Stion of that kind is to ar;;u<' tlie point at the
, hs,. „f the lecture. (II(>ar, hear.)

b-'t us bep;in with the iar latn-'d farm-yaid 'bin;:,
'.diifh is supposed to be so superior to all etlnu- thin;;s.
It is that which ^rows the crops, and whi(di, in the

Irnni that lM'hi\v the |ir.' -. without an\ nieiition ol' th(?
naino of a ^in;_de eheniieal element, you ha\e only
to ajtply your plain couimoji --en-t- in or(hr to b(»
aware tliat' asi aeti^ai takes p!ae.- hetwe. n ihe air ami
the euab. proiluein,: h-'at. and lliat the air al-e,.. the
.•.,;ils, (ill tlie chimu'-y,) is very <lilVerrnt from the
air below the coals, which . tit. r-~ af the ^rat^ . Now,
you give an animal a certain amount of food ; that
food is taken ir»to the systom : thee ai-fanf aetiou of
th" I'.ir,.:-, whieh inspire atel ^^[lire the air, ha^ tlu*
effect of lriiuti;in:j; i:i' ' the -_\mo.,,, a hir-.' ;nie not of
air. This air a<'ts np'-n the iuod whiej, i- ta' 'ii into
the .system. i>y the coml)Ustion (u- hurnin^ ol a cer-

is very lar..-.. 'n "'"^'^"^*^' ''^ lavor of cooked lead
er th?n U fe'xp, n e of^e'^r ^'' ^T^"^^"^^ '^^'^^ ^^^^

Gain with 0(H,ke<l f,.,.(!,
Oaln with raw iVcd,

- 20.'>I1)S.

120 U.S.

•" ^'"H '" il- kino(h,ni besides ytur^t'lre^
"" "'"■ '■!>" Li'iderstood tlie nature ufthingi

It 18 tnat WIHCfl ^rows luo crou'*, .mu «iiuii, ill vii^^, vwv. w^.. ' *'' ,. , • 1 t i. • 1 I

Um.ti.m of th.. farmer, is n,.t Rurpasse.l hy any tain amount ol that fo..d, annual h-at ,h yr^M,

,...il,l mhiua.i.n of substancr-s. .\..w, what is wld.d, k.-.^i-s u,, th.' tenM..'rature of tho anunals, ho

1.1s num-vard dun« ? It is for.no,, hy a-tin. u,,.,n that th,>y ,ot ah.gh.-r t.n,n,-ra ure than ho su r., nd-
vc-tahl.. n.itter in ".me oth-r w:.v. Vou eith.-r tak.- int; atu,..s,,h.TO I h.- .■NpivM i r .-ontiuns the ...Hult
a.m.n.i.v of y.-etah|.. maa.r, an 1 pass it through ! of that ,■ ,M.Ku-;.m, a,.! r.-.n.hles m C"n'r'«'";';; •';
ti,' st.,n. ;,-hs ot animals, ^yhe^e it is Ivet,.! unon and , air of , .■ ,l,n„n..y : a,...!.,- ,..rt,on ono..d ..^ . - d
the n.hH- pass,.,l out, or yo,. put y.jr.-tahh. matter, for pro.lu.an;; an.t.u.l heat .» '"'• ''''',''■ J.
a. «r.w ,.r litter into ihe yar.ls an.l allow the exere- 1 tormina museh's, or In. : an.l what tl ''"H'!'!^ " "

V ,„ I ""^^^I'-x-'-ou uie nature ul tninn.

Aow,l nieanto < ontend that the tith' "practid"

aoes m,t belon. to the farme,- alone ; and ntavo ce^ I

ainlysomedottbt whether it tu,,ht ta he applied to j

'"' ^•^'■^"'■'; -\'^!J- 'n i's full si.-nitication. T will take. '

tt5 lbs.

"j- ;:xLn,de. the case of Mr. Tomkins. wiio 1. a cap.,
talbmmu'. He farms hi. kn.d ^^A\: iie keeps «to.i
atid -rows turnips, and does overv thii,^ in the be.*l
manner. Now. as a poor stmh nt in .science, 1 want

n 1 ( h I V (r/»i) f I. ., . . . __ /• 1 . • 1 •

t;> ;::iin f>-">ii this -enth-m an v,,nie usefbl pnictiealiD-
>> ith this (ilii,.,a ;.. X ;..,,- J ,^,y j^, \\.

forniati .i;.
'foinkins.

lis ()li),.,-t 1)1 \\,\\

at Jiave \nu "ot

ill

-,iy t^'
\ "nr s()il-

Oalii in favor of cooko,! fi^^a

""■',' !'^'.va„.|...,n, sialks ' ^'•''^" ''^O' '">■ .•nm-

Foariuj; the j^reat ,li!r.,.euee in I'l .,■ '■ II,,

s;S";;;-;:\:;:;;i;v-- £.;:'*■ flSr^^^ , ;.•,..> ;

cause, I now changed th,.„ .n, „„ \ s .;" '" "'"^^l i " i ^^'■'■'■\l""l-'^i"<''' tl-^ replies that it isi

the cooked feed, and Xos 1 . L 'o „■, T • " ^""' ,^ T ''*,"/, '"''' ''' '"'""-^ '"'^ ^'' •' «''^J '^"il- "Yes : ^
incroasin,, fi.„ , • ' „ '"'^ - "" ""' ri"v feed. I what haye you m.t in tl,^ ,.,> i ,..r..,. :.. ,i . . .i,..("

pound.

of jr.r;,'';^:;r;:;':;:;:;v: i-^^i •^•"' ^'■■- •'■->

flO!Tior..nf. ^'^*-'\ ''I'l ii.id been accustom.', i,, us,>

TcW; ' ram t r ^/"'k''''--^ -^^^
uanco of"tl>e roots ^''''''^' "^'" "" •"■^'^""'"-

and 4 c..r^;i.;,e':.rkSV:cT"""' '''' ''''''' ^^■-- '

^On the first of March they were ^yci.hed again,

mnnts of animals to be niin;^le.l with it, and a slow has no use for, is ca.st out ''^^^'•' ^3>J^'>" . ^; - ' '
.Wanpasition to tako place. The whole bein;^ com- obserye at once that t u ^n"";^l' »;y ^ "^ ^^«

min.ded and mixed tocher i^ ktiown by the name way on the ^ond, a.-tuallv d-prives it o e a,t. < .
nf fUrm-yanl duni;. Now, a ^ .tv little cm .i.|.>rati.m Utituent. an- at the ..ne- '";'' "a T-t n i^, i
will sh.wthat ti7ewh.de. ,!•.!.:■ m .t.^-ial whi.'h is ' nm.a.nt : >o that, ,n la.-t, the .,nl^ '- ' ' \
leund hy y.iu, ^ent|en,.u. t,i be practically so u>,.ful , which tak... auay eertam p.-rtion^ o h- 1, ami

oathei;.nn,is^.,Mvlv d..rived fr.mi ve.^taldes ; so i-n-b^s tl t h.-r. niov.. M'-'^lv so I . A

tlcityou are. m iact,'appMH, the plains and re^ ^olubl.- p.trt. .;f the lo:„l u.e I — ;! ' " ^' ., ' J
fuse of y^;;etabh-s toV.n;>Oitelhe lan.l. This is tl... and al in^ol,,],].. par; m the ";•'*';';;,'; ,^
whole ..rot of laiau vM-d .In,:. ; it i. vo,..table tnat- ' a re;,ular pr-...- l*'";.'"7r; ;''::;,.;".,, t'.
ter, which, when pariiallv. he anpos,.,l.i. re-anrlied ^tomaeh. tl.e oih-.-t of w b.eb i - ^^ h.it Iha,. t.ms.le

r.-a|

\\ le

oiau^ V.'LTeta

ov.r aLTaiii

■^-, X in,w cnan-^eat leiii nil onr Vm^- " i t i — -^ ■ t- ",„ ,lh-> : no replies mat it isi

cooked feed, and Nos iZd - uu T ^' ^^^V ""n'T'^/i"'''^^ ''^''^ ^'' ^^ clay soil. "Yos;bnl

easing the quantity of feed lo ea h' ^^^ ^^^'^' ^^^f '\f,^^ >'^'" -?^ ^'^ the oneand wh^
nd. ^ '^"^^ t^ c^^'i^ r^i'i-, one 'I don t know; I haye not -one so far as that yet."

rerinMc, f^ • , I ^ '"'' ■' '1^; '•>Miat haye you -ot in your manurer

'^"'' ^''' '"•"'•"- - beasy, praetiJalmanasheis,

t() tlie ire

SO that you are continually workinfr;, as it \m re in a

Serihe.l.
Now. t

-ani'

'^ays, i .-annot tell you." llVa-k I

ill u liat hiscropi

47 lbs.

22 lbs.

cook,^!l"r'. 'r fV ''~"' *''° ^'"'^''. f'^t althoi,.'h the

gnm nil, T .T """'"""'' •" r-due?m!;
Bti In.'.l ■ -^.'"'"'t''" same relatiyo proportion

take out of tho Jaj,.]. a-aiii h.' .leclares that he caD-
not answer my (question ; lie knows that thev take
away som<.thin- ; he knows that if he sows wheat,
harley or any thin;r else, somethmo; must be t;ikeD
away by the crop; but wh.it that somethin;^ is, he
ca^nnot determine. I..,stly, il I ask Mr. Tunikins
what i.s in the air ami what is in the water, he i.s still

thiti'^ takes i»la •'• m th" -h ( -inposi-

so tnai y.ai are continually working]:, as 11 wire, in a j ,-^"-: ■ •-; ^^ i.,v dr.wn a lar^'o

rircl.. Thus, the sauto particles ofanatfr i,„p:,r„.,l tion ol ^.^;^.,..al.l- ''"''^^^''^J^^^^,.^^-^'
iL /• I • 1 1 r -1 1 <;...♦ (iii'int tv (){ straw iiie vou let tlie Mater laii ufion u,

.>n the fxrm, perhaps „, the shape of o,l-,.vke, I rst : 'l'''":''-^';,,, ',',„,„,„,„•„ of animals. You nil O.^w

r:-app,.,r,n the shape ol a turnip a'.v.u ^ '"'''y- ";. ^^'^\X;';,',,'e Th- h..,,,. ,-n.du:,l!v h-ats, a,el
n.w as h.M.t-n.ot, now as ivIeMt - tie' .-vl.- nl ,-lian;;.-« Ovliat taKi s piac . ,■ ■,,,,,„„•■■ tlroi tli. .fl'.-ct

cmtinues until the hlentieal pa,-tia..s a,- . xp.Tte.l 1 tins ^ra.lud leaM,.^ 'V:/ j ;-,;/,,!,, Lr-
fn.m tl„. land as heet or mutton ,.r as ^.ain. N..W I of the cjM ^"V;" , , , ,;,...l , i Kv'the

h..pe I ,hall he ahle to offer on,. .,r . w. i.l..as will, re- tion.s of the ye^.-t^i . •■ . ■ '^ ,,. ■„,,■, ,„*!

air are consumed and taken aw<i\, auu m > '
comes less; so that, even in the process of a.tinj^
en ye-^etable matter, you lose a portion and it ^ocb

'pf'ct to the origin and nature of this fixrm-yard dung;
and let me say we can never haye our ideas too near
the truth respecting the origin and nature of that
^■hich is so constantly under our itoticc. Some gen-
tlomf'n have got an blea that animals haye a mysteri-
'»usp)wer; td" wdiat nature, it is impossible to say,
hut they imagine that it really exists; a mysterious

off int" the air, just the same way as the solul parts
of coals pass into the air by ni'-ans of the chimney.
You all know that the solid parts of coal disaipear
and leaye nothing but ashes l)eh.n^l. 1 he two eases

' *.*i>;,i..-5t .'.cn:5e, will a})piy to .>J r. lomkuis, wiiiie

ho actually knows nothing whateyer of those tliin;;8
nnwhieh the success of the agriculturist partieularlj

, t^-u vviui roots in ofM.fi r. • ;*ri^^^*'^'^- i .^'^''^iit you that Mr. Tonikins looks at

e;l much more rapidly than wdien fed on l^In"'''"!" ^'-^ cro|)s, manures and soils, in the whole, an.l that
clover hay alone. ^ " ^""^ ^" S^ain and j he has got some general idea of them as a whole;

^ut then lie never seriously considers wliat this whole

ol.li^n ;; r : : , '•' ''' '"' ^^'^^'''' '•' '•' . ^"'^''^' ^'^ ^^''»'^t nature, it is impossiDle to say, x^u ,... "—,;";,,,. ^u^s b hin.l Th.; two eases,

1 nfon ^'''"^^f V^^'^ ^'' '{'"' '^^'^ ^""^"- ^'''' ^T *^"^ '^''y "'^^^'^^^ t'»=^t it really exists ; a mysterious an.l leave "o ng but a hes b h . n ^^^

enen,Iappeal to yotj whether the term practical, pow.r, by means of wliich they can change aturnip, ''^^j:' ^" ^t' n t n in too XVp ^^ In that in-

ot/ rt ''"''' ''''^//''^'''^^'^"^^'^••'^•'^ or a quantity of oats or greens, into a sup.M-ior ma- 1 a hay '^^^^ P^l''V^^^^ place from the

ho actually knows nothing whatever of those thing's nure for laud^ an.l that food must have passed through stance an ""^^^J^V^^^ ihoToi^ hay, and that action

t

^ifi animal before it can be really useful on the land.
That is the idea entertained on this subject by nine-
tv-nim Virmers out of a hun.Ired. I must proceed
th'.s evening to disabuse your minds of that crronc-

contact of the air with the moist hay, and that action
continues increasing, until at last, tin; ^vhole burs b
into a flame. Now, gentlemen, in cither case in
makin- manure there is a diminution and a loss.

mm i^'H wmm^:

-i

Xss*>«A'

appear in tl,e air which y,.u cannot sel"'' "'"^ "'" ti^.l';;;;:? ;,;"' •''■- '/ - '-t to enlnrnt/,? l''' «' '

r , "^f"." "> -imic plant m..i,. n'lrti,.,,! 1 ^ ""is

[to bk co.NTi.NuKi).] such situationH. -/Vo/: J. II. aVC ' •^' ""''*''»

Orccn Crops for Ploivin- I'ndt-r.

_ The great feature in the modern Hystem of ii,),„„v
jns^hght «o.l« is the use of «reen c^op. f.^r .ICing

this Hilf; '?'''! ""' '"^ ""''"Pr'-"''<-n'l-I l>v far,„,.,s i„
this d Htnct, It IS necessarv l,ere f.. .May il,-,, wl,,.,,

cromth.K a,,. |,|„„...,1 wlulr ;:,■,...„ during .summer
a.d.lH..,. ,,at are h.ft until the ens^ing^prin",!

mcnt hv the use „| ^.r,.,.„ ,.,,,,„ ,|„.„, j^ , *_

ence as t,. the time „r ph.wini; in.

Veg,-tul,h. matter serves mlnv 'of the p„rp„s,M „f
C ay ,n retanung n.oistnre, and-prcventinlth I e , a

cont.un little elay, are yot very fertile, heonnse a
arge p.,r„on „, „,„„ i, vegetahle in its origi ud'

ewampr """ '"'' ^''^"' "'''-' -• >irained

Green cropping f irtimai.-lv ,.nnl.l..« ,,<, *„ mmnl^ '
the delloieney of veg.taM,. mat,,., mu.d mo.e "fS

and cheaply tlian that .delay ; he, it 1,;^, Ct.lll

» prominent leature in the nianagem, nt ol everi far!
mer who is desirous of .'reatlv a.lvm,.;,,,, tl,„ •' i
ofhislaml. The plan.s'used iV^ i 7 r", 'are nu'
merous, and speaking of .he theory or t i^rie. con
nectedwith their operation. I mav Vfoperly de vo'e a
few words to the mention of tlioseyarie ies wlijh are
most important ,n this and ...her countries. ere at
least in the Nsor.hern .Sat.-s, alm„..t tl„. „nly "..nv
crop emp oyed is clover. The properties and-a,mear
anco of this [.lant are so well I,,, ,,vn ■, ■ ,"
no description. I pon most soils i, is ..asily .-r ,wn
and in those where it does not thri,e naturalh.Vki":
ul manuring will generally l.ring it in. .M„re would
bo gained hy plowing und.r th,. crops „! ,«„ ,.,„■,• es-
8iye years than in any other wav. hut this plan wonhl
not work well on most soils, and there are uZ Z.
mers who would he willing ,o let land he i,|h. ..„ 1, „„
as Ins while u would hear any thing at all. Many
rder to go ,ui eropp,,,. until they can .scarcely get
their seed hack, and then areohli...] t„ let the lamUie
Idle loraserii^ of years i„ place .d'ono or two, until ^
It has regained strength enough t., hear another scan- ^
ty crop. Many, too, are unahle to resist the tempta- '
tion to cut and carry away the clover if its growth i.
heavy. Iheir intentions are good early in the sea'-

8on but as liaying time approaches thev 1 in to

think of the two or three t,ms per acre of' hay which i
might he obtained hy .utting. L.\ llnally th.^adv' ui
tages of present gains nmre than counterhalanees '
the prospectu-o improvement ,4' land They alter '
wards plow in the rowen. it is true, hut that" .'annot
make up for the far heavier growth of whi.h they
have already robbed the soil. Some excuse tliem^
selves by saying that so large a crop cannot be got
under but it is not so, for this can be d„ne by goin-
over the surface with a h,.avy roller, in advance of
the plow, and the clover then lies Hat, and a plow
with a sharp coulter has no dilKcnhy in turnin-r it
over completely. Others recommenda heavy clu.in
hung from the plow beam so as to dr.ag the clover
down before the plow sliare reaches it. On the light
soils of which I speak, these precautions will prob.a-
bly bo needless for some time to come.

.rhere are some soils where oven a scanty yield of

The r..ro.i s„( ,,^.^

Mr. Treloar, of laid.rato Hill r i

('■•'"'I'l'i-'. .Miowing ,i„. u',.! ,.'''■';"' .'■'''■^•^^

P^'r,>.,! ,l,..coco,a-n„ttre,.areap,,|i','.;| n '■"^■^■

"iimernus. 'I'll,, c;,,.-:,!,-.,. Iru " J""'"'^>'-'

lias ni„etv-ni„,. nses.'aud tl„. l,,',,,!';!;!'"^'' "''"«»'
discovere.l." K,.„„, ,|,e ,„,| ^.,„ ''.,"' '■^'""Ot i.

"rMs, carpets, baskets, sail ' t e . ,' V'V'' ■ '''■'^^'
Hures. Th,. c,.co.a-niit„il v.'arl • '"I""' '"■-

land, isvalu,.,l,at C 100 (Itlr^fl. ;;:''"■"■■''■'•'■ f:>f
cal processes, secnrcl i,v ,>at,.„" ,l'„',"'% "';'■'""•

found .mnfoJ r.... *i... ... , . ^ /'• 'f /la^ ]^,^

found su,t,.,l f,r th,,. pr,„h„.ii„n ..f mil

K.xh ution pnz,. m,.,lal was awan|,..| i/m, ,■ T'"
for theb,.st specimens „| M.at.iu., mat , T
mattresses, an.l o,h,.r arti.hs ,„.,,T;. c ' '"'"'"^

bre.— ,V,.,V«///,-c Aiiuriaoi.

Original Communications.

for the Farm Jonmil

C^allerra Ccrcana, ^iJce Moth or Uav .Mo,),.

, da^j or Craml,iaus. This insect, whi.-h was pn.hablv

introducocl into this nnnitry uh.n,:; witli th- l>iv,>-be;

{Ajn, mcUiJica.) is on., of th. ;;rf..te<t. if not t!.. vert

greatest enemy that that industrious and us.ful little

^ JToature has to eontend with. Xutwith^tandin^Mhal

'bees are well arnird with instruments of defence,

suffieiont. to.,, to re.si.^^t th. attacks f,r more formidable

'^""''^K'S yet 80 insidi(;us, so determined, and 80 pe^

severinp; is the pro<,^ro8.s of the hirv;>3 of the )>oc-motli,

aii'l so destruftiv. is it. ultiinate character, that tb*

I<^;i::il .|ccupan,s of th,.> hiv.- nrc often compelled to

desert it, and yiohl ,t „p tu these perniciou.s intruder!

alto-ether. The bee-molhs were known to the an-

cients under ,hc name of Tinm, and were noticod in

booksof luishandryhy Vir;;il and other,., hundrodi

of year,s an;o. Linnaeus, Kirhy Sc Spencc, and others,

liav(. mistaken the diff-Tenees in the male and female,

and accordingly r.-arded them as two distinct sp^

e>es, [ccreanann^mdloneUa,) but for the sake of

avoiding confusion, modern naturalists generally

adopt the name given by Fabricius,( 6^(i//c rm cercam.)

One striking peculiarity in the habits of this insect

is, that it feeds upon a substance that is indigesiible,

»

ho

COMMrXKWTIOXS.

335

flp„rds no nourinlimcnt at all to other animals— iiuui^ ol llic Acliua uf Liuie used in At;i i« uUuie.
moly bcpswax. The female moth enters the jjivc

the evening, when the, bees are at rest, and de
itshercfg^; or if fr.im the crowded condition of
the hive, she finds it impossible to enter, she is con-
tent to deposit them on the outside.

AsHoon as the feeM'- littl- tin a-Mike worm is ex-
Huded fp'iii llie eg}:, it Ih'-Iim to s})in {or itself a lit
llcsilk'^n tiihe, in whirh it shiehN it-lf IV -in tin- at-
tacks of ihe b.'cs, and tl.-.H piis^.'S siii-lv :ind un>i-rn

[Continued j kom Wkoy. 2'>0.|

For the last two niunihs T liiiV'' Ihm.h uinlh- tocon-
tinue to furnish to th(? readers of tlie .Journal my
views ol' tin- action of lime wh^-n applir.] t,> the Hoil.
I was oblit^ed ti- \i-it tl»e city of New Hrlcans on

j)r>)i'''S.-itui:il Im-iiirv^. Althon;:li thi- i- l;U" f r-'in !)'•-
'\\v mv iir-t \i^it to tlw «uniiv Sotitli, set 1 tins t;ni'«
made -nin«' i>i»--<'rvations durinii; niv journcv, \nIiIc1i f

in cv<

.rv direction thruu-h the wa.x.'U c-dls, wh.irh it ' j,,^,.,^,]^ ;,, cMnrsr ,,f time, to otfrr to vour read.-rs.

breaks d^wn, devours and destroys. It -enerally | ^Ve, in the Xovember number, considered the ac-
,urMi.-s itM work of demoliti(»n in tlie night,or in d;irk j ^j,,,^ ^^^ jj^j^,. strictly in a chemical point of view, and

J.iuly weather, when it v\u\ do so unseen

In !nr. e or f »ur week^, acct.rdin^^l v as circumstan-

1 trust that nothin;; was put forth that cannot ]»e sub-
tantiiit'd by tie' aeknowleibrrd laws of elienii^^try.

CCS are,favorabl.' or adverse, thes.^ larva' attain their i Xuthini; was re.juin'.l of the ima;:ination, and evrry-
fnll si/e, whicii is about one ineh in b'n;;th more or j ^j^j^^,^ tle'n'in so accords witli the results whi.-h the

less, accui-dinirly as they have been well or spanly
fed. Thrv then spin themselves up into a strong
Bilken t'»irele or coccoon, an inch or more in length.
and of an oval shape. These pods may Rometimos be
found in lar<.Te clusters in th*' up]»erpart of the hive.
In about two weeks from tiie time they have sj)un,

.•\pcriene" of the faruKT has ta\ight biin to ex]>ect,
that he even might say to himself, "why did 1 not
think of thai b-dore?"

Every larmcr will tell you that lime acts bo like a

coat of manuri'. tliat le' cannot tell the difTtTcncc.
Voii will Im- t'.M that a eu;it "f line' will inefiise th«>

they evijlvc from the pu|)a si;itc and come forth a (.r,,p^ i^j^.f render w,»rn-out Ian. 1 i.rtih'. Wle'u this
moth, measuring across llie expanded wm;;s nrarly piionomenon is the result of the applicati'-n of lime
one and a half inches; of a dusty gray color; th.; j,j ^^|j,. ^.^^ustic state, and folbws immediately afi<T the
fore wings are more or less glossy, and streaked with j application, depend upon it the land i^ n .t deficient

in vi'L"'taM.' matter, but liavin'j; Ix'.-n d.'li.-ii'iit in
can-tic and .arbona'.' of lini'-, the vegftabl." aei<N
form, d \:\- tie' .hM-Min]."^in'j; veL^f'tabl.'--. bad ae.aimu-
is iur'.^. r than thi' male and dark.'r colored. In a siat<' i \.^xr<\ to an extent ^iilli.i.-nt tob.' injurious a'^ an an-
of r-'-t, tlie wings close llatly on tie' top of the ba.'k. I ti-v,.ptif, Th — • a'jids r.'ne.ve.l hy the lim.-, hdt the
detifXi'.l at the sides, and turn up a little at the .rids; ! ^^^-j .^^ |,„^^| |-p... frnin any injuri'.us matt.'r. Hut if
the insect then m.'asures about thro.-.juart.rs of an I jj^^|_,,,^,| ,,j ^ppiyini; it in the causti.- state, it had
inch in h'ngtli. Two or morebro.Hls usually succeed | ^^^.^^^ applie.l in tie- f.rm of a carb..nate, tie' saiie^

purple or brown oii the outer margin, with a f.'W dark
spots II. 'ar the inner martrin. Tie.' hin.l wing-^ are
v.'ll -wi-h 'H-ev, with whilish fringes.* The f.'Uiale

each other in one year, the first appt^aring the latter
end of April, or beginning of May. When the trans-
formation to the pupa state takes placo in the fall,
th.y reniiiin in that state all winter, and the moth
evolv.s in early spring.

The moth usually hides in chinks and crevices
about th.' bee-hives during tb" <l.iy. and comes forth
at night.

The onlv sur.- method for the exterminathm .T the
Bee-moth is tin; frequent oxamination of the hive,
and tl
tie' eh
most

pccially in the months of August and September
Their presence is generally indicated by a deposit of
fine powder-like excrement on the bottom <.f tic hi\i'.

As th.' perfect moth i.-. Ibnd of anything sweet, a
vessel placed near the bee-house, containing a sweet-
ened mixture, in the evening, may attract many (»f
thera, and thereby drown them.

S. S. K.

beneficial efb'et would havi; r.-Milted, and over and
besides, the carbonic aei.i set free from th.i lime,
w..uld have b.'en e-pially b-'ueficial to the crop, as
thourhit had been furnished by the dcay of ma-

iiur(\

If (,n the other hand, we d.. not perceive immediate
ben. 'fit from the ;ipplieation of lim.' a[>].b.'.l in tho
caustic state, but Ml. h b.ie tit i^ fam.l t.. a.'<Tu.' to
subsequent crops. In this case the land did not ...n-
tain sullicientacid to be of any sensible ^injury, an.l

ion IS UK! irfMlUC'UL »'.\aiinii.viiwii -. .^.•- 1 •«.l. „^n./.f..>.lM in.iff(>r

.,,1 1 tl... Inid not h.' n" verv rerobte with vegetatile m.iticr,

ae destruction of the caterpillar or larva\ and th. fuel not ih m^ n n i

, ^ \ »i J T10 Moi.arent c lano-e took pla.'O until tti.' imif was

irysalids. Warm, dry v,-,.ather seems to ..• ,!.,• ..- .M-l'^' ' ^i ,:" e tli .a-.tle. Vnu- hv vi,.|,|ing

favorable for tl„. pr,.d,icti,m of these moths, cs- car),.nat,:d. Ihisonce _ r . j^

.. . . ' „ . , o .. !.„_ ;fa nnr}>onc aeid. came to the aid <jI tie .k ..tying

♦lIa^T^caU8e, p.360.

its carbonic acid, came

vegetable matter, and th-re was a consequ.'Ht increase

in til" productiveness.

In my opinion, tlie existence of a certain quantity
.,f lim.' in the soil, i^ a sine (lua n-.n. Witlemt line>
the process of cremacausis will soon be arr.st.'.l, and
no valual/c' fdant can be cultivated. I make no
doubt that other alkalies might be substituted, so as
to render small experiments successful, but the alka-
line carbonates, arc, generally, too soluble to remain

I I

I ,

l|

•■"'•V-Ml XrCATIONS.

I l.ivvo often romarkcl will, ,vl,„t • K*^'«'t'»mn ,I..votcs no more tl.an fiv,. ,i i ' "H'

.ioneo so„.„ of the le.rn > , " , I"' ^"^ ""!''- 1 '""« ^'^ '■"- to it,) are ent "l , ^ "'' '"'^^'
to a..U,.so a sa.nple of soi, V. t . I J f.:? 'Tr"^'' '^'^ r";'!^' ' "' '-''' .-■-". into L ' ''.r' "»''

tobepai,. Uy a con.i.Hn, fanner, re t : ";;i:;;":^^^ "" "'r" '' ""■ ■'-"*-'-- .I^r^!

ti.ei,- labors, and then vouchsafe to ^nve L; " ' ' f"''"'""" '"■'"'■ •'-I 'I'" -I... l.-, ' ^"^

fmnaod on the analysis r„ ., ". •, '""' """ '■"l""'^ '" I'^n. (;,„,„| .. „, , ' " '' <-'eml.
isr.o r .1 „r , •'^ ' ^1"''' '""111"!- nf This |;i, ,,,,.;, , ' ■* "•"'<■ "I tn,i-no,i.

8.2.ofth.Ar„rU„„ F.n„..,.,i. ,.,„„,;„.„, „„,. „,.„„„' '— '' "■■'■"- ^''M.-o ,„;..„,: J^

I

those s;„.;„l.r|„-,>i„clions (r.„n ih • i„,,'„f I>r.,f J ,','
iM.'ipcs. " '

The learned ProfoHSur (ir.t .tate. th. r..s„l, „r,h.
analysis as follows:

"Mr. , AV.ARRE.v, Somerset Co., \. .T.

*i'ac.r(liii:iry i|,i,rr,.,. ,,/■

ac,|ii,,v,j .,„
. • • , . ■■ "' "■^'''■titiidc ill I,:, ,., .

'■-"i'.-i.h„ot..,„„,,i,i,i„| '"'■•'""'■■•" >'■■

il, made by Mr. W. II 7:,. ,.ii , . ;' ■ '- "I ..v-r t„ mak. „i„. ,,,,,„,■, . ." "~ '•^■<M.i. oven

■ '^ "' a -^oil, mil,, I, j,,^^ I

Roil, made by Mi-. ^^ , u. r;,,,j, ';, ":".;■;; ';' v..n,.^ ,„
No. 1. The necessary an.en.hiv.,,/;.,',. l',;' i,' ';:;;.';;;; | ,'-

Analj'sis.
Organic Matter,
Silica,
Alum lia,
IroQ and Maniranoso.

AIa«;nG.sia,
Sulphuric acid,
IMio.sphoric acid,
Chlorine,
Potash )
Soda, I
Carhonic acid,

No. 1.

.00
87.12

•J. !i)

.45

trace.

.25

.05

bnngi:,,,,,;.:.., i.,,::' ^/'l' '^''^^^^'--^ be able to

No. 2.

in.

.07
.81

3.

o

5.
2

4.

<> ..!,,! , ' "^ '*uieio

h.|.nvMn„ , „. '• '■'■'^'•'''■'-"■"- r.-up"rii.,n

M'"l--iti-n. null. •If, , I i • , '"'^ '"•^"■

-"b I -• relic J on wh,.„ r,,„.., •■',•'""' "•"

made. "l"'-«ed tr.uls have been

.»lt:;,r;:;-:!::;::'r- ""■-.-

Wr.nl J . ^ ''^^ ''tninniif ,.[' ];.„.

V»(>11m Jilt ineAX'.i.. fl '""

I niat liuidoi'Pdif r,.,„

I

i

t

•^omctfiin;:

•^^•^ir.au^ laid down,,, ,, lor.nor ;nfi.I. Th.
^-tl.n..nwhosopositivel,l..i,,,.,,,,;;j^^^

^-.e matters .nto.on.id..j.:ui.n. lri.nw..rM;n

<.n.j:ij ::::v:^

wo will have 2,715,4S0 lbs. of soil, and if i. .• .nr.nj. J ;'. ""■'"'' "' """ 1^^ -'^^^- "^ Hm. ....jMj.d

1-
on

You will perceive by the ahuve that vour soil i.
uencient of ^ '

1. Organic Matter, 4. Phosphoric acid,

tI'T{ ' M '^.Chlorine,

o. Sulphuric acid^, . 0. Soda,

7. Potash.

[f ^v

n^^nnii' fhai

30,i7- l)U,shel.sotsuil,eac!i In

-•til acre of p;r.in,

45-100 of lime, we will have 12/2(m Vu, ,r j;.„. ,„ - , ''"'■'"""■ ■""'''^ ^^^'^ '- ^"'n.d to ).. snfli.i.m. A
the acre, (equal to 100 bushels.) lUa we sec b'v t!.. ' tir-T T"- '"'i^'" '"" ''"^' "" "'" ^^ """^^i^i";^- ^^^^^^
second column, that the learned Prof, has set down •-•- ' 1' .'"'f'. ''\"- '"'"'■"' ^* !'"f fi^io mo^jirh u;
the required amount at 3-100, or in ofher words, at

81,404 lbs. AVe then must supply 0l),204 lbs., which
would be no less than 1,080 bushels of lime.
Experience has tau.^dlt the farmer that a dose of

fifty bushels of lime will be a sufficient dressing for

almost any land. If such is the case, this soil already

contains more than three times the required amount. '

By the analysis, this soil contains 102 bushels to the

acre, and yet the learned Prof, says that lime is de-
ficient.

IS land to bnn"- it to ."^-l!)-) I i .

, -^ '\^^^ ^ ^''^ ^ bavc nought to say,

out that 111 my n.' o-hborhond if ,,- i 7 i •

J '' '&'*""rnooa It would juakt fujitea

sensation. ^

;^'";""^f^'-' 'Most fertile aUuvIuIhuKl in Ohio con-
;un.s but it shade over on.-hitll uf one per cent, of
Inne, but this lime is a carbonutr..

< <■ IUac.ut Bnowir.

JV^AVir.— Tuesc trouhl^.^ome pests mr.v I,.- kei-t
out of gram by using salt. Sprinkh^ a little line salt
on the bottom and around the sidos of the bin as you

old salt barnds will never be destroyed by the wea-

The reader will perceive that no care has be.m
taken, in making this analysis, to ascertain in what
state this 102 bushels of lime already in the soil ex-
isted. No attention is paid to its state of combina- ^, ,
tion. We have carbonic acid, .81, more than cnou-h < x^!^^ ox that took the first prize at the late Ken-
to saturate the whole of it. If this lime was therTa ' iw^^^J^!;,^;;-'"' ''''' ^^^'^^"'^^^ ''^^ ^"^'^''^^

is:..rl

SOUTHDOWN BUCK, Jlc.

%K

rtonr'!Trn-OF' ■ C'tt^^'^rv,

IMKi: SOT T11IK>\\M BUCK,

Otrn^'l I'll Francis Uotrh. Morris, Otsego countfj^NA
We present our readers, with the above admlraVde

true S lutlidown." These sh-ep, on the v..ya-.^ ^^ere
accompanied by an English Shephenl, thruugh ^hoHC
care thev arrived in fine cnn.litiun. In importations
of sheep especiallv, thin is the only safe plan, nnd in

f^pcriuwMi and.-urn^.t ropy liMin :i .l:i-uerr<>type llko- the chfapest in the ond. It is use.ess to pur(dia>*e
no.<s, .if ;i pur.' S.ui'lid.iuo Uurk, bu-'Iv iinport.-l, .^^^^^^.^^ j^j^j^ ^,^.-^.,.^1 stock, if ih.'V are t<' baN • .ilv
to-clh. r will. tbr.M. Kvvt- nl thrsau..' bn-lU .loseph : ],j^^^^^^.^, -attendance and feeding during tle^ voyage.—
C.p,' nf this .•■ninty. f T Frand^ UMt.-li. "^ ^'^^ ^ '»''^- j ^y,. j^.^t s.mie a few years ago, who died .n iIm- pa-»-
They xvir.« :il! tr,.m tlw t'lnk of .) . Klluian, aud bav- . ^^^^^ ^^^^^.^^^ also happened t.> some (.f the hu-: < >x-
in-stopp.d iu'ir fnr a bw d^^y-, i-n-vioXis to going to: f^j;]j^|^.^^. ^i,^.^,^,^ imported by Messrs. Ueyb(dds.

This importation of l>owns, selected a>- tln-v luive

if biiviutr the

\.\v ^■M^k, l::iv.' vi^ tbr' n^pnrt unity "
Tiu-'k d:v_'U«'rriN)typ<'d.

\V.' ar.'HMini'wbat familiar nv itb liiu- Soutlpl-wii-.
an-l b;i 1 an oppMrtuuity ^'^u\" y-ir< a- '. nt tb.' -rr-at
Souibanipton .•attb> sliow in llnLrbm.i. tn .-xaniiue
-MiM-nf tb.'irb.-t >p.>-i!noi^s l«ut w.« bavr nut the

been, with so mm h ear*', we c(msi<ler ^iUite an ao-

.luisiLion t" tlic country.

_ »♦► — — —

Alice M.Molc SUa.ubcir\.

.,..,„ ., We publish two (v.a.Miuuications n-spedif:;: tbl«^

nn|.r,-i..H nf ,.v,r sr-inir a lUMrHiiii^b.'d ^b.-p in all I ^^^^^.^^ _^^^ ^ refrain from any rem irks a' pro-nt -ur-
the cbar;M-t.'risti.- p-i.^t^ <'<" tb. S iiitbdown breed, | ^^j^J^^ ^jjj ^^ ,^.^^.,. |,,.,j.d from d. Slater, au.l obta.n-
than tb.- Hiirk n^w iVfore us. The engraving we ^^ ^ particular dMcrlpt.on of its growth, hab.t ar.M
C(m«=i.ler the host t/;//a^/tn'rf;K>r/rai7 of a pure South- ;^,^^^^^^^,^^^^^ blossom- We have also ordered

down, whiih has appeared in any periodical in this ^ ^^^^^^ ^ii^tn of him fi>r comparison.

conntrv. -*•►

Our tVi.-nl V. 11 .trii. in a b tt<^r t- u^ fmm whirh ' q^.;,,^^,, .^,, aecid.Mital eorifusicm ..f a I' ^^ I'^^l" '^

ho li t- p ■iiMittrd UM M make some extracts, says, 'M^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^ month's issue with that oi the vr.< rdmg

you have seen the sheep, sent me by Mr. Ellman. ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ our subscrib.T^ received the wrong

any comment on mv part is unnecessary. I request ^^^^^^^^^^^ .^ ^j^^, .January ever. Where such a m >-

ed'him to send me specimens of his very best sli-^ep, ^^^^^ ,,.,.urre<l, we shoubl be ..bliged by being inform-

nrul I bavp n-a^-.n to believe, that as a matter nl ^ ^^ ^^^. .^ ^,,^^,^^ ^^^^ ^,,,,..^t ^.„py will be imme<liatc-

Jnaul^lni.]^" ba^ ^"uo so. and 1 f^'cl under great ,^^ ^;,^^,..^,,i,.a.

(djli^ati-ns to iiim I .r thus according to me, what - ^

monoy ahme c(uild not have procured. I have seen <^^^^.^,j..^| valuable communications have been re-
larger sheep, but I think I have never seen more j^^^^^ '^^^^ ^^^^^^ appear in our next, having bc< n
beautiful or m )re finished specim'Mi>* of the breed. Ai "^''''^^'^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^, ^i,^ proceedings of the Siatc Agri-
Mr. Ellman remarks, I have yet to learn that *^'=f^' ""'IJ''^^'^'^ SocietV, at its late meeting at llarri.burg.
accompauied by coarseness, is a characteristic ot a ^

<

♦

*^^ 1^

338

Horticultura

'I Hf'

Floiieulliiral

t^<cu Tree on Qnl/i,

«<-,„. , ^'^T Hie >'unii Journal

strawberry, Affr. m n;,i.

t-^DiTORs OF Farm Joirxaj.;

wo oxpeet reliable .-.uthoritv, we can nuTj'
ll.ose back woods wl.ere writers ^Ja. 1. \
tl.fi Dotanists of E„.4u.,l •„, learned as

1 , , , ^'",,i-in(i, ,inl drnii that t be Siv ,«•-

Wry beonsMo a cJas, of plant.,, that ah, ,, vs b ol
Hums perfect ,„ male and f,.mab- ,„•...,„. ..■,.

oorrespon,b.,u-.„o,i..,.,,r,,,,. .vn,:;;,,,v ',;:;:;;

or granted. th.t.„.,.i,.,,.,i,.., Tb.. A i, . '

Ihavenev..,.s,.,.,,. 1 .„. i„f„,„,„, ,„, ...-j; '^

Keens ><. 11 ' ''' " -^^ '""' ''k" tb,. fa,„o„s

, „■ ''"^'■"■'!.v vab,;,bl,. usan in.pre.n-,t„r

^vber, the .,.,..,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,. .^ r^;^ '3

eontb-,>MK,,,b.,„,.,,,i„ „,,„^^ „..„.„,„;„

ont-half of a cr„,, „r p„,„„., |,„i,. If ,i„. uC
Maud w nhvays perfect i„ bo,b .„■.-..„. ,„,, „,',,

a full crop of large perfect fn,i, ' ' '"'

11, . , " I'liici iniit, ,,| •'.M)d iiiia tv it

-ouM iHMnvaiuaMo in England. tI. ,L. Zll
yet seen such a plant. ' ^"N'.

A ClXCIXXATlAN'.

For tlie Farm Journal.

, T ^ i'^A-SHiXG, Ju, 13, 1853.

J. L. Darlington, Esq., Editor, &c,

January ^o.. a description of tl \il..„ m.;„ ,■■

Strawberry, by Mr...,,!,,, s,ater. Tl,„ ,,;,.„„;,
docs not .apply to the varictv „:„M...i, an,l |„ „„„,
have some otJ,er variety un.br the nnn.. designated
The "Abce Maud" has been m„. ,„.. tesTod by

ni.m ^..j tiurt town, aj),i mv.solf jt
_..san early berry, of ,a.h,.,. !,„-ge size, .buk',.,,!,,, ,,.

ing on or verv „„ar tb,. ;;n,„„,l: ,b„ ,,ia,„ is v,.,-v'u;,
i';-" '"■•"'"•■ P>-lM.'in_M.M.ally b„, ,u-„ .,„„,.;,,„;, ,„,_,_

nes t.. a |,lai.t, an,l .,„„..ti„„.. |„,( „„„ ,.,, |^^,_.^.^. _

111

'■ M,-. I.

iieannexodi,,,,^

;lc -brsey variotft

'"" pages of ,|„rf!;;
■';""•""'■ !'"' mnt

''W' '■■'■" in lr„i, ■

advanf..|;;,..i ..(..;•",'
ordinary „i,„|,,,
stock. ' •

'■"/• I'li'y ar<. m,^
luirdy, and |,,., ,.,"
to bli^^bl.

-no. .'^.ii,).. ..;,r:,,.

"^'!'-^' P-H'Tt on th.
ches.so ,]A ,„„,,

Jind Whit. huyenno.
j^ ,]d. Thej come int..
f^'ariii- inticli soonff
;.^''nf>ral!y tliM =<.,..,.'

}>)iuit. .1, ana oit.'ntii.
tir.^r. ' [

4tli. Thoy a.jniitof I
close I'laMtiii^r.eightto '
♦''" ^"'f •M''irf.iinrlthus
r^'tuni itnitli l^r^pp

^•'ii.v. . juir. ■<•},,.,. tutb

''ii^i''l <■ ill lure between
other trees.

fil.n,,, n H ' 'I"''"" '"••^ ,i.'''ncrallv nuir}, more
in'i"U- than tlio.-.,- ., t K' ncir -.t.J J ; . V

Tl o! / f t!i.Mrnnur,..l.,n.nt from a s,n,all,Mv.p:,..
Whn>fororo,u,r.anVhs.>il and fnv .diva-

^'"•M"^^"^' ^'""'^'^ '- 'J'^^ around th.ir

• - m jii'if n>MTiY- .-*"*^i"> ''"' lollou 10"- season onJ 1,^- > ,'». i" a- '

Karsag,,,..<.,..,./.,,y;,,,vw,,,,... ,,._,,,,, ,,,;:;;^; v.-ungs ts n, wi.M,, r:\:^1;!^,'z';:';;':i:'i:

been the ca,so with n-cr;/ ll.;-m„phro,lUc mriet,, h^L ■ 'i ,l"i.„"."';V" '""■'"'" '• ''-"i* '"-I- ^r. s,„.n />>„„!

erto infro,lured from En,ilan,l It worl I 1 I si -no '"•">■■!"-..- as fo .ive (b. ,r,i,. pvr.uniJ

well if Mr. Slater had ■:tated t 1 ^l J;:!: '^ i ''l^n;,;::?; '';i: -- ' ;::^:?J--"'r.act t^

(

well if Mr. Slater had stated the sexuality V h" | •,' ''V;-'-'? .M--I.^-.he;;;u;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.Strawberry, as that might guide one in deciding up ' ' "'""" '" "" '''"" '

on US true name, and as I have a specimen sCaw-
borry Garden containing every estimal,!,. , ..-i.-tv t],.,,
has yet been tested, ho w,.,il.I I, . al.le to decide up
on Its true name by inspecting n,y Collection at the

ho, given to the httle spnrs to ft,r.n inallpart^
the tree. \\. h^vo had two and three pea's of

hodvuf the tp.,, nut n.we th.-in an ine!i ],., ^ \
small size, tree can tims h. ,„:„). to bear :,l.nHlant-

ly- 'riie.hapennd h.-i^-ht <■!• the rrf^i' "is ' entii^iv |
A^ithiii thr OMntrol of the cuitivat..,-, hv ihe judicious

fruitnig season. I am preparing nn article f,.,. ,i r , '■■'iM-ol of the cultivat..,-, l,v ihe inJiciou.*

Horticulturist descriptive of the ^LTf "'° P'';'''f"r"-"' ','""''';"- P"*««^«- '' 'aavbekeptat.il

"TbeStrawberrv''a,l\l charactenst.cs of ' '^''^ .''-"•cd, and we have seen tb, >,, l".' t,) 18.

ll.c btrawberry, and shall enumerate therein a!! ' '"■"" '^',"■ "•'"•" l>'^antir„l ornanv-n( (l.r a launji,:,,- i
the varieties that arc truly valuable, will, descrin ■ " l'-^'''"""' l"-'-"' tree ucli supplied with frnit. i

tions, for it is full time that the trash shoubl be ex l ^' V' ''^?"''"PP"''<'<1 that the Pear.. n(,»uincowo„IJ '

tions, for it is full time that the trash shoul.l l,e ov i ^^ ^T been suppo.sed ...... uh. x ear nnvmi nee woum

terminated, and that jndicious selection. U. / t^e a short ived tree. When grafted on the Angers

^ it.-.-i- ,. .V. "' selections based on stock, this is found not to be the case, as trees are

now growing in some parts of the country 25 jears

sexuality should replace them.

Yours, very rcspectfullv.

WM. ii. naxCK. decaj:

, , ^ ;'''"^ '" '^'^"*e P'lrcs or Uie country >i5 jears
old perfectly healthy and vigorous, and in England
and i ranco have reached 50 years, with no sign of

1 z-A ^

PKXNSYLVAMA ^-!:r,!>LI vn

I 1 m

Ij.'riivlnssor three Tcnnsj 1\ ;« ni;i *Te«llln;; I'ikIIk,

Fig. 1.

Fi^. l.nosen Sh-nk rear.mgravr^l fmm :ulrav;ing
hvi'ir. Urnekh'. Thi. l>e:ir is a s.M.llin- raiM-u by
JohnShenk, of .Manor township, LaiieasPr e.unty,
pupposorl to bo from the V;r,i:!i!i''n or liutter. d. 1>.
Garber, page l'.»7. ].resent vol. of Fann Juurnal. L'
whose article the reader is ref"rre<l, says, "the tree
i. :v ;i.-ruus and strong grower, far out growing the
mM liurt, r p.ear, and in comparison with that fine ohl
and n -w nhnost (^xtinct variety, is superior in overy
respect: the tree is largo and more thrifty, th(> fruit
lari'orand if ]>MS>ihle m..re luscious an<l the tree a
great hcar-r in a hivorable ^oil and situation. ^ It ri-
pens from the nii-Mh' <>f Au-u<t to the middle of-
September, according to the season. j

Fig. 2, Chancellor. This is a line vari-ty. whirh,
has been exhibited f.r several seasons at the exhi- 1
bition of the Pennsylvania I[onieultur:il Society,'
Philadelphia. Th ■ original tree, w>> vi-^it-d last fall,
on the premises of W. Chancol! r. .jn Scho<M House
Lane, nearOcrinantown, is of large size, aw^l appears
healthy and vigorous. It has |.rMh;iMy stood there
for the last 50 year.s, and is xiid to l)e;ir ahundauL-
ly. We annex description by \)v. lirinkle:

"Fruit large, nearly four inches long hy three in
Tvidth; form obovat^'. or obovate-pyriform ; skin
green, covered with minut.' br .wn specks, and some
russet blotches, with occasionally, though rarely, a
faint speckled brown cheek ; stem one inch lonf^,
rather thick, and inserted in a small, irregular cavi-

tv, sone'tini"S elrvat''.] 'ii on^ side; ealyx small, .'■♦"'t
in a <''nt raitf'd bain: e«'r<' medium; soeil jon;^.
■sril(A\ i-h brown: th'-h \<'ry melting; flavor rich aie!
exceedingly agretabh'. Ripe last ot S-'ptembor."

Fig. 2.

7 ':;f-AZl^E

340

*^^*g- 3, Rm()k(;li<mHo upplo
this eection of cou

PEVNSYLVANIA SKEnf,lvn.9._ni'KKV<.KY ,,||,Y.

'•"^H

u»e "ppio. Thi8 i8 tl.o favcrite of I its Mi,,.,. u T~ " ~— — >!

know.. thr.,..,..o..t .'.„ns,.vania. for its be n« ,o , n I L, 1 S ' k" """ •^' "'""''' •"^'-' ^^^L^

>n U.SO. uniformly fair appearanoo. an-I nl„,nl,„ i • " '''""■'' '"'■■"""'• "''i'>K r |.., ^

regu,aH.,.ann«. It i, a ver, cn.ked ; ': " i! r', J.';"^ """ ^ ' "" ^' -"-^ «-'^ t I'u

.n_ trunk an,l brancl.o., with i^rk-cMnro^ ,' The I J, 1 "'"S' ■^''•"'''•■- ^ -'>-^ '^'-cUet i„ , '"'.''

•nsmal tree grew on the (am, of WUiiam ClVl « , "' """'' y«"«wi^l' wl,itn, rid, .,, '

K',3.]

OUERXSEY LILY FLOWKll (lAllTU^X.

r.ii

L-1J .1 nr-icti<':il ""iirdt'ticr (jt" ominoncjo, mtiiiions Ik^ /mtiiii lllt^an^, Ualsuins Marvel uf I'cn.. Fill hoiiio

ll'Wt'r pMts witliiii ;in iiirh di tini top willi li^iit v\c\i
soil, >.)vv tlit> bmi and o.nvoT it iitrhtlv with liin^ soil
place them in tlie fruiu'-, kt'ep t e Hanli cloH«;d til
the seeds gorniiiiatc; it" tlin siirfaco f)r tho soil anpoarfi
'iry, fnvo a sli;i;hf \v.it"rin;i; wIlmi tl,.. planti havii

, , u.|,| tilt- -■5'i-"*'" THit-i lilow a'Z^ini ih tuur V'-iirs liuf,
J narticulivrly rci-oininfiidM that cart' >*lioiild hv.

uitent«> prevent the leave? bein;4 iMttm l.y the irost,
I ^y m, means to <Mit th.nm olf whi.-h wfvikcnis the

tiUnt s.) iiii: li t'i'tf tli<;v m I y )»'■ k«'pt twnty yrar^.

nJ never produce a tl'^W'T. Mi'lrr rccKnniitiKis fori j^fowii t\v.. or thrfc iiirli.'<, lili thf iVaiU'" with jn)(>d
t'lt'ir root^, tlie foUMwin;; compost: Take a third soil to six iiich.vs frum the ;j;lass, jdarit out the h(!(> 1-
nart ttf fV'-h v)r|;iii earth I'roia a [lasture ^rouinl ; ^i'V^^ <^^^'" ''r three in, ■jics apart, ;:ivc thcin a watcririt;.
whicii i^ h^rlit; then put near an e(iual part of sea ''h'^^e tlie south end, shade theni lor ;i i'ew (hiys till
«anL touhich shonhl Ijc added rotten dun<^; and , ^l»<'y ^''^^■'' ^•^*^*''i ^resh root, tiien ^ive them plenty of
aiitr.l lime iuhl)isli, (d" f>ach an equal (juantity. Tii" I ''•'r "» (dear day^. By this means, ;^ood stron;; planta

jjT.Mt Itii-iness in tlie culture f>f this flower, next to
■t ; r Iter >oil and situ:ition, seems to consist in givin;^
th''jil:int as liundi air as possiijle, antl in preserving
thf (ehajrt' in winter from Ixdng injured hy the froi*t.
Til' V lire ;:r)-,jwu in this Island in heds of many hun-
dr^id< t«igether, re<juiring but little care; the flower-

will he oi»taine<l for early Moominir. For tilimbint'
varieties, we would recommend Sweet i*(;as, Cypres*
Vine, Morning (ilory, Ipomea <'erulea and (/(xjcinoa.
as very showy and easily ohtainetl hy sowi g the
seed in the open ground. Thert* are other things
easily ohtaimvl and worthy of cultivation, and will

)

Fig. 3.

For tht> Fiirrii .lovirnn.],

l*nir,^DKi.pinA. Jan. G, Isf);',.
Mksfk-- F.'riTORs:

Your interesting n^ference to
the many interesting things udneh Horticulturists
might expect from Jai-vn, indues me to copy and
•|mdyouthef;,]l,,ving. Mind it in the Appendix to
»'yy s history of the Island of Guernsey, published
»^o long ago as IS 1 5: Have we this flower >

I

The Guernsey I.ily.

Thisheautlful flower, known throughout Kn^and
by the name of (itKKNsKv Lilv, and eultiv.»^ed to
^mdj perfection m tin. island, where the natural
iuil 18 80 congenial as to require hut Vm\,- of the .^ar"
<lener^'8care,i8 nevertheless a native of Japan,bro,rght
'Hto (uiernsey hy the effec-t of accid.M.t, more than a ^
tr-ntury smco, when a vessse] fnmi .Japan, havin-^:'
«ome roots of thi. , lower .m hoard, being cast awav '
upon th,8 island, they were washed on shore, and'
buried m the sand, where they remained unobserved i
till the beauty of the flower attracted the attention
of Hon. Charles Ilatton. (son of L.nl Ilatton, then
Governor of the Islan.l,) a great Ih.rist as well as
botanist, who knew the value of iU, pnze, had them
carefully transplanted, cultivated the plant himself ,
and sent roots of it to many botanists and florists in' i
England, where it is much admired, and has to this j
day continued a great farorite, and is now generally

known after the name of the Island, whi^h luw cer
tainly been its foster-mother, but mention^ un<].'
the name of Narcissus Japonicus rutito flore hy Cor
nutus. Narcissus of Japan, or (luernsey Ldv. l,r t
K.udyor,m his Kalen<iarum Ilortense; Amaryllis' Sa^ j
n.ensis, by Linncus; and by different author, by v^ f
nous names. I was favored with a long descriptive
account of this flower,in a work written by Dr Jam^^
Douglas, printed in Lond.m in 1725, called Lilia.
.Sarniense, wherein every particular is seientificallr
treated upon; but as their technical terms can .l„n^
amuse the learncnl florist and botanist, I shall rok
them f.rthis minute detail to the work itself, and
content myself with some fVw particulars respectin);
the general ruiture an.l cultivation of this plan;
which cannot fail of being acceptable to all. Thr
liave a light earth made with dung and sand, and a
little lune rubbish with it does vory well, it ke^
the root sound; f »r if the earth be too stiff or wet.
you may keep th(>m for many years before they l/'of
If they are in pots, t}u>y should be put in the house
in winter, to keep them from the sev(>re frosts, which
are apt to rot the roots. The time of moving them i-
when they have no leaves on the root, that is from '
'June to August; those that come with six leaves sel-
dom fail blowing the next year, and never bloora tii!
the p. ant has attained that number of leaves. The;
need not bo put into fresh earth above once in two or
three years. By this method of management, Fair

in; bulhs, as soon as the buds make their appearance, j remain much longer iu bluoni than annuals, sutdi aa

,ir.' M'lit to r.iigiand m great quaniities; pacKeU m i ^ ''J*^"'"'»''^» of* various colors, Pctuiii.i-^, ui>., iieuo-

U)\r^ witli moss, when, upon their arrival, they an' I trope, Scarlet (leraniuni, S(;arlet and Blue Sage. It

plant.' 1 in p-.ts (»f saml or light loam; thtjy blossom | i^ common to see all things plante.l together in IxmLi

in S.pi'iuber, the tl(>wers continue about a month

io perfection, and tletugh iuwdnrous, mak<; u\) for

that deficieuc}, by the resplendent beauty nf their

colers. The description given ])y l)r. I)oug!as ao

cords 80 W(dl with this superb flower, I cannot do

better than give' it in his own words: "Each flower

wip'n in its prim(\looks like aline .--old tissue wrou^lit should be without s«ime I'errenials, suidi as Dahlias,

'^n a rose-culorcd ground; but when it begins to faih; i Ibtlyhocks, JMiloxes, ( "liry>anthem\ims. Sweet Wil-

aii 1 deeav, looks more lik' a silver tissue, or what hijuii-, I'inks and ( 'arn.ition-. Primrose and Folyan-

or borilers, but they are nundi more attraetivti if
planted in beds or m;isses, each kiml liy itself, con-
tra-ting the colors as nmeh ;i- fri^-ib!''. \Ve would
al-o r'-i-omiu'rel fnr •■ Igings; id" tliwrr t)r N, the S'.ve«it
Scentetl Violet, tin; (iiirden Daisy, Dwarf Blue Iri«.
Thrift or S.-a Pink, as very suitable. No gar(h}n

ill' V call a pii:k-C(dor. When we look upon the
floW'T in full sun shine, each leaf appears to be

thus, Snap Drag m Campanula, Fox:;loV(!, and, iu
yet. iiuthiii"' has been sail about K is '■;. We will

tuM.dwith tlumsands of little diamonds, sp rkling I »itme a h-w remarkable :is free bio onie-rs. Souvenir

and glittering with a most surprising and agreeable
'u^tre; but if W(^ view the same by eandh; light,
tU'M' numerous specks or spangles, look more like
tine gold tiu^t.'^ In Guernsey, the sam<; bulb is of-
ten known to flower two succeeding years, Imt this
dues not generally hajipr-n. It is nnMitioned both
by Kaeinpp.r aiKl Thunburg that the Japanese re-
gard tlie root as poisonous.

-4**-

VtiT the F.i.'ia Juurnal.

Flower (harden,

li is a comnKin complaint among the ladies in our
Deighhorhoud, that they have no success in raising
annuals from seed. The n\ason we wi)uld assign for
tho failure is, that they are too late in sowing them;
perhaps, a few pr;ictical hints on tht^ subject would
^e acceptable at this time. Tht^ phin wt; fiml
Most successful is to g<^t a common garden frame
or box sometime in March, placj it sloping tossards
the south. Seeds of the following varieties we have
'Una very suitable for small gardens: Candy tuft.Uoso,
lWple& White, Sweet Alyssum, Mignionette, Phlox
l^rommondi,Nemophila Insignis and Maculata, Dwarf
"ench Marigold, German Aster, ten week stocks

de .Malmason, Mrs. Hosan(iuet, Pale Blush changing
to W hi te,lI(!rmos;i, Pink. Monthly ('ill )bage,D(!ep iiost;,
Julia Fjnten(dle, Diirk lied, Aggripina, ( -riinson, La
Heine, Hose Lilac, Mar((uis Boctdla, Light Pink; the
above are hardy bush Kos(;s gr(j.uing four feet high;
for runnii)"" Hoses, wo would recommtMid for cover-
in' arbours, (>ne,'n of the Prairit -. Pink, blooms onc<j
a year; f »r ever blooming varieties. Lady Washing-
ton, Purii White, Jaune Desprez, Hosy Bull, Souven-
ir de Ansalem, Bright Hetl, (ilorie de Hosamtme,
scarlet. In addition to Hoses, we would add the dif-
ferent varieties of Ilonysuckles, and some flowering
Shrubs, especially the fdlowing: Weigedia Hos a.
Spircas, Hevesii and l*runif)lia are well worthy of
room in every flower garden, fi'tht^se rough notes
should 1>'^ acceptable, perhaps we may olfer a few re-
marks ab-ut those boautifiil Tulips Hyacinths, Nar-
cissus, (-rocus, and Snowdrops, tiiat appear as soon
as tho anow is gone.

A LuVEK OK Fl-OWEKS.

-«••-

The Pig population of the Mississippi Valley is
estimated to be 40,000,r00,

,i.-^".

'^Mk

:]42

^Vx\ \MI \ i \L ., \i;nK\IXG— ROSES.

'Fnpr

For thf Fann .Journal.
Oriiamcnuii <..ii dt uiuj^.

Mr. Editor: —

In juur last numbtr, 1 sco some
very excellent remarks on the culture of fruits, flow-
ers and vegetables. Should you think the fullowincr,
(in my opinion,) necessary accomi)animonts, to se-
cure in the first formation of a place, re-ularlty in
the shape of a jdeasant landscape, or of a ih at tl .w
er<rarden worthy of a place, you are wvl^mw to
them. Toai^c..iii|.i;-ii tiiisi.. (,i,.. tliin-;iiid to ,lc>ir,> h
is aiioth-r. J I ,w olt.ii.lo wr > .wiLTsof pro|H'rtv

■ •ci -•'^-•tifmm^t.t :

M

Koses*

I !"• fn lowing remarks on the classification r.f ii
rose, with a deseription of their signs of dist;!.
may porhans hn of som.^ \l^fny.r..^^t.,. __. '^"''^"«

ifiln clagj*.

They an' fn„n (!„• Garf.n und BlummZrifnnn-
31. ( arruMv divides llosos into seven main oL
1. l*<'rjM'(ii:il or P.»rtlund Kosrs.
'2. \\\ l.i'i.i i\:rp..!ii;ils fi-ojii Portland
:>. Ij\l.iid l'.'i-)M"tuals Ironi liuurbon.
d. lionrbMii IJoses.
>'). .\i Mx'tt'' Koses.
<». ii'Migal l\oses.

< . I'M Koses.

Sic.Ns (»F l)i<'n\( riov.

in Lh- Loiiiitrv, not to speak of th^' suburbs .,( ..ur ^
owns, at a gr.at e-wt. .inplovl,,:: in^xi...ri..nr,Ml n.-n j/ ,': W j — ^ ' ;r[^'"^ '"• V^/7/..,../ /.'.,.,, j,,,^ g^
,...li;r. , ♦! 1 .■ ^ \ ^'""^ fborriv, xvh,,.}, jipp,.;ir very (■ MM' to.r,.,i,.„. ,

calling te.n..Kvs (.,u-..n..rs,u;,o^o to great labor th. branebe. nlino.t .^/tin-ly. :uel giv.- ti;;:,!; a^^^^^^^^

Cover

in mnril:niii na/un\ \urn\ux that int.* a stiff, ini- '~^'' it{'p''<'^J';'ne<'. Tlie hraiidi.'s grow ,.n,-t ]
seemly mass, whieb in t!i.- biiels of skilful workne-n/ ''"^"'''^'■'■"^'^^^•^ ="'" ^'^'""^ ^^^'^ •"'''^' =^'"1 <"arh ,'| ^i^ ..
would bav,. b... n advaulag:.ou^l v and eeonoKdealb- ' ^Tiul^, 7"'^' '"^ J!"^-'^' ^^i-"'' /' - a -niewh^
>nade pleasant to the eye, as welfa. ..ing mon.y in Ulr';:;;- l! Kr:;L.'^>'^^^^^^^^^
t^^n^^^r^C, Class 2.---//y.vV//vr;W../.s..fr.nilN,rilat,l-^^^^^

The m^st striking success in ornamental r.nden- ^'^''!^'"!'" '" ' - - :.-... bco, ana aie ,over«

ing, is where the effort has been to take advantag.^ of '^'^" '''''^ ^''*"-"' '"'"'''' ''^'-y ^" ^'^'^ '"^'^ "trcn^tL
nature and turn her to good a^v-ounr, le.t to pr .d;;
something groU)S(pie and uniKituraL L, : tb," p,
prietors of land about improving their grounds, ap

"o"

fbry assume tbr satiic growth a < the I 'ortlamj Kuge>
hav,' likewise ;l l.-n-thcie-d ealyx, bu! on tho top ,•
(he b!-a;irh.'s there are soinetnnes one. three, or-Mv
dowers, forming a stilf and erect boquet. b .

ply to nurs-^ymon, and make them responsible. These .\^ ^^^^isons may be taken as the type of tlw^ '

reter^to them, by wbieb plan, ^-ork wo,,M be more '^'»^fi<''Hand, Ainan<line, Louis lionapan:-.' ('l^niontiw i
judiciously ,iunc, an 1 liie respon^ibilit v lay where it i ^^'^;'"-"' ( iloire d'Anger^, Comt de Mont.iru^ r, &c.
could be l.orne. * " j ^i-^"'^ ^b— ////Ar/r/ Dr^j^fnafsi', iVoju the ilediour-

Ti,.e a-o t..oo distinct styles of G.,,.,.,,,. oaw, I';;":!!:.:::;.: i^::;;,!:;;;;;;::;!;,";;:,;;t; 'r;;f;.:^t; <

aniering in nEsir.N, City or Street Gardening, iSul-ur- ^ipproacb. howexr:-. i,, appearance, more m the 1«-
ban, and the Landscape stylo, adapted fur country ' ^^^' '^'^'^ S(>pals o| th.> calyx are generally verr |
soats. For t!ie first of these T uill n^t travel out o> :''"";'-'>' ♦"';^"'^'!"'- The rounded form ot the calyi )

yourroodlv F^.ronr^h Tr ;■ .i T • " ■" •"""'"■^" ''.^'" ^'y ^^'"'-'i tbev may bo distio

^ourgoojly I. .rough. Tr t.s the preva^bng praetice 1 guish-,! from the Portland hybrids. An invr^la: '

t4) have a griss pl,,t interspersed (U- rather dotted .'nul intricate position (d' the branches gives tli^in 3

witli rose-;. c!iry<anthemums, X:c. I lik(> to se,. tiie-.' I"''-idiar a]i])earance. Kxamples are Clenu^ntiiiP \^

iHiniature j^wns, r;rcen, v,U\rU is alwavs idea^'n-r l„,t ]:'^: ^^'''''^'r'^'^^Y^^^:"^^'.^^^^^^

to have th.. MMf .,.-.] 1 . r -. , , , " , I*<'i>\v, (.eant des Latadh^s, \ H..omtesse de Brlleval, '

10 na\e tlie iiatuial beauty .d it <lest roved, bv tliese ^l-c.

strange dottings of plants here ate! tler^, with little ^,.^... \.^fy,nl..n Ro,rs~Th<^ wood ef these h

circles of earth, rising round their r.M.ts like nioje smooth: their branches are sometimes short, tenni-

hills, is certainly not in good tast(>, and oidv wants "i*-^"'^" ^^^^'' '^ siriLde flo^^..r. ibit the luids of gome

to be noticed to be exploded ' ' k]wU are stn.ng, and produce vigorous shoot.sontlie

Dn n^f h.f rv.^ u 1 \ 1 . ,. tops of whi.h appear from three to twelve flower*.

i>onot let me be understood, as wisbmg to seo | The ,h,,rns at the base are stron- curved, and placed

lawns without such i'urniture'. Nothing is m.. re (h-- at sone- <li>tance frMiu e ndi oih:i-. The sepals are

sirable than to have choice anil well assorted viri- "^'^'' rounded, sti-ong. limbria'cd. smooili and dark-

etiea of plants, on these little lawns,alongour streets, ^''"' '* '^'^'' '''• ' '^ ''Vl""'-'- '^ ' !^*" ('.•W^"^.^^*'
but let beds be formed for them, cut with neatness
out of the grass, and <in these beds cluwj> the flowers
together. Thus do we secure the grand object,
namely, a flower Garden in its proper }dae<^;dik('

green. The calyx i^ ?-outi(h.,b ...,.,.., ...i, ,,,,....

the l)ranehes (d' som," jvinds in this class grow hori-
zontally. i;\amph'^: La Keine des He Bourbon.
Mad.aiue hevp,-,./,, Charles Souchet, Paul Joseph.
Sou\e(!ir<h' la Malmaison, Souvenir du 4 Mai, K-
mond, ^L\s. IJosatepiet, ifec.

,,_,,^^^ r,^ ., u o ., n ' ' ' Class 5— Ao/.v, /A AV.sv.v— Their fbllage has muii:

proper for the culture of the flowers, and also free resonibhinee to that of the Tea KosS, but their

from the Gardener's scythe, when mowing the Lnvn
In a future number I shall take up the proper for.
mation of a suburban Garden, and may perhaps ap-
approach to the more difficult and wider field for a
Landscape Gardener, in the formation, planting and
laying out thefirounds for a country seat.

SCOTICUS.

— ' — "■ -- — ^ . . . ■ , — ^
branches are more vigorous, much longer, and tcrini-
nated with numerous flower-buds. The barkcf tb^
branches is smooth and thorny. Examples: Li'
manjue, Ophyrie, Aimee Vibert, Rose Mille Ecu;.
Noisette Desprez, &c.

Class G. — Bengal Ilo.^es — In tliis class the brancfi-
es are nearly without thorns, the })ark is smooth, ti»^"
sepals are more or less prolonged and fimbriated, th<
branches seldom bear more than one flower. The*

T «t 1.. I

VvOSKS-EDlTPUlAL-lMPllOVKl) STOCK.

343

k ri wmf£^»mm

t , is rounded, the flowers have nearly always color,

liUtthusoof the Tea Koses, (\Mili Nvlnei, this class

•Inclose relationship) are. with few exceptions,

'ip white or y«dlMwish. It is also to be (deserved,

Iho flowers of tiie Uengal Hoses are very seldom

ontod Lxiiniples: liengale Ordinaire, Cranioisie

<"„noriJiire, Vnncv Eugene, Eugene Hardy, Boaucai-

miida Laxeuibourg, Augustine Il.'rsan, itc.

t^, .«7 -~'JV(i /^>vrv— The bramdn^s have a verv

• lUOl*

th bark, iind have not many ihorn-

written b)r it, as wcil as to others who have facts or
information of value, in a;i\ d'M iinucnt of Agrieul-
tur<' or ILtrtieulture, we no\s tender an Jnviuition
to send us their articles for publication.

We wish to make the Farm Journal emphatically
a Pennsylvania Paper. AVe have the means of do-
ing this if properly sustained, by a little exertion on
the part of those who think tin; cdfort worih n.;iking.
J! oiir f|-ienl> in aii\ part of tiie Stale would Li'et us
Uji (dubs (d suli-ciabei'S ilt theil" l-e'-;[',e -llNe neiHr|i))or-

hood<, it \NouM niuidi as i«.-t us in sli owing t h:;t our

Tie

i'.'iu'.s an; glossy, and the il,,\\er,> iij.pear oi, lii.' t-p
.,V the branche>>I w hieh are >len br and not veiy long.
Inmost ca.ses, thi- wcigiit of the l],,Wi'rs bends tin!
l.ruiche^ -• that onlv their under-side is seen. \ ig-
.,r(ms<'.va!i«l>i"> !''"'"1'''^"" '"^""i'''''^^'''^ sirouger stioots, , ell'orts to 'owcli t t ae larm -r . intercuts are' appreeia
which are not so ll-xible, :ind bear tliree ..r (dten five t,.d.
flnwors en their end, as 1 )evonien^is, Safrano, Souve-
nir d'ari A mi, \'iroiat.-M- Doca/.vs, Kli/a Smivage,
bur<-s, C.aibanlt, .Moire, S.c.—[(j\ii'L Juii,., JSoli,

n. I

-'2\.

PrwsiK'cts ot the l^'arni .lounial.

We in this nnmlM'r rianmence with an improvc-
mi'ii! m ear paper, l.y translerring :iil our aaveriise
mentstothe CMver. which will add about loor and
sometime.^ m .re a,d Itioual pages of reading matter
to each uuiubor. This ha.-, iuvulvcd the expense of a
uew fount of type, and very considerable expense in
other res[iect.s, bnt we consider it will greatly cn-
haace its value to our subscribers, ami when bound'
make a niueh m »re v;ilnable \ t]um", ]»v emliraeing

!*ortr iits of liiiprov<Ml Stock.

fbi account of the ei,ielition animal- ai'e u--uaby in
at this seasnn o! the year, it ha- been thouglit best to
postp )ne t'lr a time, the jl!u>t r.itions and portrait:^
wbi(di we have in pro'?pe(;t fur the page-s of the 1 arm

(

uuuriiai. Sonic u. ihc very best animals in tho
r Mintrv, of varlouOireeds, are only being drdayed

for a mill r season, t

thev ean h" (biguerreo* vpi'd,

We laive determim'd that h-r. a'.tei-. no m^ .-■' ;i:ti~tic
figures, and highly flattered, unnatural specimens of
stock, which have so abt»unde<l in some of our agri-
cultural periodicals, sh:ill be admitted into its pages.

If a highpri'-ed Tow, or ball, or Sie-ep i> ^ .d''fi-ieut
mI j. /ml - and genera! figure, that it w ill not do

only readiiiL; maii"i-, witiiout th" ad\ <'rtisemeiit>,~

-iM 1 'nil 1 • . ! • ,f I tu tell the truth in '//■ 'f/ /^"''^'■■'■"'- ''•"">' ''"'d better bt;

The latter, it v.dl be observed, an; jirinted n; neat, | i" ^' " ^'" uu>um < / . ^

. , • 111 I «oTU ti. the leiiehor \ >bt n"t" m,i\- he tnus saved

elear style; our eireulation extet:d> throu-h ,.very ] •'^c^^' ^' "" '"" "^^- '' . • ■ , . x

. r 1 • 1 I I , fi , <..f<.. I in navin^' an artist, who to giaitity the wish oi tlie

part of our own, and e.ai>iderably into other .^tates, "M''V"''-' "'" "' t-^ j

J ™, 111 1- r 1 i" • n (»\rjicr \ > make an imtiro', eiuiu; (ii nature might as

and offers a valuable medium (d advertism.^ on all <^^^'" ^ ' ' i"'i»^^' • ,

,, . • ■ , s .,.; .,'t.T .,,.,1 well nnike the drawing from t/e.5fc;v/;/i(y/i,without ever

matters pertaining m any '.vay t<' .\gricaitui <■ ana ^^" >-> *■

n a-tit iilture.

Thi' Farm Journal is now permanently estaMi>>li-

ed at West (Jhe>t-r. It is the oniy siri-tly Agrieub

tural paper in Peiiinyh aula, 'i'ini present [jroprietors

uiid'jnuuk it with the detaauina tiou, a< far as In

seeing tin- nninni

As we remarked in a( ormer nniiib'r.wliefj intr<,dn-
eini', the Sou'hdown Sli.'ep of .bein \\ orih and do^^. pih
Cope, ( whit h, hv tlie w;iy, had n -f jn-tie.. (lonethem

- miadi diffi -ult v in getting

ly t!-e cngr

n;

i nei-

their pMW.a-. to jiiake it fully .^piai to any .\ -rlcnltur- | an artist sutaci-aiily aeipjainted with tie- pMints ol
al puper ia tlie eounuv, and worthy ol the patrouag j good .>toek, to be aidt; correctly to draw an Muim.al
ef the farmers of vnr own SInfr. We a. ted on tlie portrait from life. F(T thi- reason, as regard.s ibij

A\'aere

presumption that there was enough Pennsylvania
leeling, and .State jiride, to sustain a good paper
within our own borders, in [m eference to those pub-
lished in other States, if it was as well conducted.— tlie ,nt<ntion of the owner is truiidi;
Not that we wish to object to our farmers takin- ' no difliculty. Were this always the case, there would
these others, 6y/.oM6'a/i^-, but only that they should be no such caricatures as we often see. Francis

Uotch, of Xew York, so widely known as an expen-

Pcnnsylvania Farm Journal, we shall exclusively a-
dopt the daguerreotype pr(»ces.s, it being always easier
to (oi}ij from it than to originate correctly.

t !e-re \\ ,,

be

not be the means of excluding our own Farm Journ-
al. There are eleven or twelve Agricultural papers
publkshed in Xew York, and a very material i)art of
their support comes fr> ni Pennsylvania. AVe do not
ask for subscriptions, as a gratuity. We expect to
give the worth of every dollar we receive. Those
who think it is not worth the price of subscription
(only 75 cents to clubs) had hotter not take it.

We also hope to be assisted by many of the able
pens throughout the State, resuming their correspon-
dence in its pages, aud to those who have heretofore?

enced and successful breeder of both sheep and cat-
tle, in a recent letter to us, coincides so fully with
our views, that witJi his permission we maki some
extracts from his letter, with his remarks on tho por-
traits of some of the animals figure<l iu the transac-
tions of the New York State Agricultural Society,
Some of these appear to be unfaithful likenesses in
not coinitty nj) to the reality. In this case, as in the
other of going beyond it, they had better not be pub-
lished.

;; 44

IMPKOVKl) ST..rK-A.;KI. I i;, , KM. vs,, ,„>,,.,, sOOIKTrKS.

►•HRr^Pr

I

L'

Ninor >.as n ^m^itcr nnsnum.r than '*7/./.v/n,//r,n.v' tions cf stork uv tinr k ,, u II , ,

ut torth in most of our a^n-.culrural immmo-Im-I' i '''"''' ^"'^ '^''''^''' ^^"'^ »>'-k that.ot.M iMM^ottenl
now not wl.v a man shoul.I not frrl hin.srlf as re- ^^ ^' ^'^»^'^- »"'^^J'' >. . m^.m "ia. to h.ivr eLr. -

v.r.o.. .. inasn^u^i/alr;!:' ;ijestt!:;:i ; ;; r^ v "^^:t'V'' ''" ''- '''' '''-' ^'^^^ ^^ - '^•

l.y w.jv of ///..v/.u/,.../ a suUjoct bett.r tl.an'it .• u. 1 ^"^^'^•''^ '"^ of th.nr choice armnal.. nil! f.,,^.,,,j
donM hy th.. p..n. ih^nr aa.^.i.rreotyp,..s. u'.> will au.,.,! to the .M.-^ruvin ^

piil>li.-at!on are not import mr t . f',,. ^y,,j.\. its,.!|l
thry an. oft-M. '"'' •■".h.-ili^hn. ■„> : !,„, i r ,, '• ,• if\„,^

iMnotthec:is,.wl,..n:tS::,r. A.■^;,.,.!.u■■:liS.,.I.■r^',.Ml.-
Mhes .t> |,,n,. a:^i ir. awa^U. .,M,1 ^,v...y..;./^ •/, .,{•
th.:nrn.a!>Mwh,,.hth.«yh.v.a!;u.l^..l |>,vn,Mnn.
n^rl.. I..>t,.| th..,rk,n,i.HS.e the tran.a.rion. of
to^' N. > . Statr A^'i-h-ulrural SM-i..:v Lm- |s:,|
;I-i.l Krvh.^lup.' isrviLntlv a .:;.k aniiuaL

. *^V^"''^'"" '^ 'l"if" 1 tiral. ai..i.h'!i - hf. th.' I,n'.--

iiiafinii. -<

'A^.lia.- I n,.,,t sunj,,..... ).a. h:ul ^n-at injustir.^

jiun.. n.r fM- su.h a h.a i an.l Mi..'. ,.,,ar.....s.: o.uhi
hnrJIy claim th.- h.-.f pr,-in;u!o ii. any sn,/,..rv wh-Mv-

a>ilhaveheenassun.,i l.y th.s.. .h.-.havr Mvn her. m r . . .

h,t she ,s a very superior row, thon^Hi not quite so ■^^^'""'^- ;^'' ■ ^ '^^ '' '' -" ml J Koni;.,.::,,!,,,

tm" in the h..a.| a> wn.il.i !..- .],..irahl.' , were appoint.',! to invit.- his h'xe.'lh'n^'v tl" (Jov.-'

'Aprio.f I .iuul.t n .r, is wHl ar.l t ror hfuH v r-pn'- ""'' T^ ^''" '"''■''^' "* l>-p:irtm.M,f . to hV'' pn.^t ,],.
KCnte.l. I 1... -n^MMvi,,^ f..!U ,, .,„ .1^,. ,^ ,,,„•,,, !^,^^^ nn- th.. nie.'tii.^r.

1 mature, hut ot^'(M><i pr,,ni;^.-. ' ''' I , ^^- ^ ^- ' ^"'"'^''•■- * ''>'^'''"^=^'» '>^ti>'' <'onimittee <,n Fi,.!,}

I now come to the pivininni "D.-von V..^y 'an I only ■ ^'''"^'^' !M'P'»J"t'"i lor th,« hist Annual Kxhihiti.m.in;!.!,.
wou.hM- the.»vner couhl do his IwM-.i sueh injustice as i '' ''''^'^'''^ '''"''''' ^"^"^^'"^'' ^^ith it. r.v.nHnomlation.
to publish so ;;ross a caricature; for Ain-rica I vilj I ^'*^''' ^*'' *"*^^^*^" '^*^'1'^^'^-
venture to believe, doos not poss.'ss nion- finish..! ' or

Mti'l see tliat :\ Cillh/al ropy i.. tak' n,

KHI l/ll i<AI. S()Hi:iv. "'^ ^^IV A(..

JIuiKi^r.t i: ;, Ti Ksi, a v, January Is, Is,-),}
I:i acc(>r,ianc.. \vit!i t!».' loiirtli section of its C
Ht.tutL.n til.' I»,-nusylva.u:i A.^rirultura! So.^v"
'"'t on th.' tlnr,l Tu.'s.lay of January Is.V; ;,, „•'
Ha!! of th.. l(ou>. .,f K>.pres..nt:Uiv,.s: ' "'

A .p. .rum of m.Mnh.'rs Immu- pn-scnt. t!,.. m.-otln.'
wa. -r:;tnu,M| hy tii.Muotion of J. S. Hahl-nia., elocs
tin- ( . IJ. Ir.';^^>as Srcrrtary pr.> tcin.

'hi ni.ti.,n a coininit'e.- of thiv.', cnsisiini? uf h

bctUT animals than !nl,,n- to it; "anj th,- NcNy V.,rk
A-ricuhural Society, howeyrr its connnitt.M-s may
bl.Huler. wouhl hanllv en-lorse this en-ravin- .^^ ,.,
;>mv<Wo,y the best D.non Cow ,n th, ir -roun-l in
t.iHt year. \ .^t this y.^ry representation is"i,.it forfli
l)y the ^Huety l,y way, I p,vsunr., of instrul'tin- an.l
faehin- the people ^yhat is the b.-st mod, fof a
Devon.

Lastly th.. ll..n-ror.| 15, i!!. " r.-onip." showin- aH tlie
H.aract.'nsti,.. of hi. hr.,-!. ,•, i !..,':;,„,,„ fh. r,r!n,
r'/';/ as th.Mi-h h.- w-.H d..s..,v.d t (,.. pnMniun) h.- wa>
awar l.'.l. stnk.'S m ■ a> i, .ih tru,' and artisti,- M ■-
' '"■'V^- ''"■ ^^'-^'-^^'I'-'^v. I d -uht n .'. wlia^ h.'.aw h-
^^n-i^. him. and li:i. h,>cn uv.l .soco.ulcd by .M;-. Carson
th(» enu:ra\ -r.

,.,^VV"' '■"^■^ ■'"" ^'"'■^•>a't.Mnr»t<ar j.-rtrnits whirl.
iihel th»Mr on-inaK. u- mu>>r h ;,,,;,•.• jh- p.^rl'.vt in-
tegrity of purpose an ! irnthlul intent of their o^vn■
ers in thus entrusiin- the dclim.atioii of their btviu-
titul stock to the artists, \vith.»ut oversi-rlit or correc-
tion. ^

These sfarid In str.)!i:r ccmtrast t<^the mor.'.^./s/yi^.,.s..
like !)ree.ler, who orders his animals to b.' .bawn li-
ter his ow,i conrrptum.^ of the l.'au/ifnl, ui ik.n - th-m
>vhat he \vouhl have th.Mu t.. b.\ ratlnr tlian'" wli at
they are, and puts th.Mu f.rth as portnvL'^.

KKPOKT OF Tin: C( JMMITTKH ()\ FlllD

The Oomnrtt.N' .,n Fi.d.l (hv.psin this, th,; lirst n-
I>nrt. b.-- l.Mv.- t.. .•on-r:»fi/}at.' th.. Societv, th;it
vvinlst th.' List .-rn.us pr.->.aits ..ur ni>l)h. Stat.>*a,s tiM
:uuon->r h.T SiM.Ts in ..om- ..Itiu- most napurt:iiu
"l^^'M'"'' 'i;']'^. in tin- a--ivi;at.', th.- interest exoited
byour .V-n,-n!rurai Kxhibni,,, an.! the compotioii
•''"''^'■'' ''.^ t!"" "!f'"r .d honorabj.. premium^. h;i>
l»r..ii-ht toour kM..wi.'d--' an<.th..r fa.'t, tliat witliuiu
.'Xt.aordiniiry atMiition. and without any i.h-a (.f.'.mi-
I'otm- forpr.'m-unsar th- tlni' of planting' aii-l .lu-
nn- cubivarion. w,- aiv also rir<f and f.n-m.7>t aninii:'
"iir ^ist.-r Si itc.v in tin' pruducti.ui of parti. -ular mI

.•I'ops.

Th'> diss,M)iination . f A-H.-nlmral inf..rni:iri.'i)
^■'U-M-aliv. and (h,- r.-p..ris .-I -perial r.-Mih^ fr.)m ji;\r-
ticulir ni .1.--:' ploum-. phmtin- and manuring, :b
sent forth by the Socdety. nm^t (^xcrt a most h.'iiltli-
f'll in!)ij. 'nc(. in a\yakeMin- tlio onerr^ies of thf- hr-
\n''Y, an.l ex.-ilin- a spirit »)f laudal>i.> rivalry ;iU'l '■in-
ulation throu>;hont ti... Srat.\ And if surl.* ar." to 1m)
th.' r.-Mihs .jfoiip -.r.its. w ■ miv \vil!i-r ^at propriety
<d;inn .-..ntinii" d bb.'ral patrona-.' an.j puli.'ic Ihvor.
ddi" Coinmitt-".' wonM most r.'sp.'.-f !n!ly at this

1S5.11

MMIK'TTTI HAL AM» MoClK I 1. 11 i:\!, SoidFTIF.S.

.'Mf)

.'M.i.j iiiDM, I .•>pi'C[ i (1 ; I \ HI 1111-^

j '^'^■'^^"'."^^'"'11' '*''p"'"b rccomnKuid a reyisi.')n of the
I cannot, h.>wevor, turn from the illustrations in I ll''*'"^""^^^ ^'^'" ^^-^'i crops, so as U) excite greater pul)-
the Transactions of iSol, witliout noticin.r the beau- ' ^"' ^^*^'"^'"" '^"'^ competiti..n. nn.j that piviiii
tiful and artist-like executi.ai of the p.)rtriit ..'f a '•"''''•'^^^*''' ^ ' b-dispenst ,' in a m .re lib.'ral and e.'?
French Merino Run. by M.h.ase. 1 have s,.,n not!.* ' '
ino;in our Arrieultural Periodicals so excellent in
either drawiu- or cnttin<r. The artist's nam >. wlm

made the sketch, I ams„rry to say. does not appear,"
We hop- to make the IV-nn^ylyania Firm Journal
a complete II jrd book for our Srate, and i( our su-
gosthm to breeders in the last number, in resnect To
^o-is^u•in.J;p.di^r^oe.,8houM be carried out, accom

nudeJ.w.m./ -.1 , t -.-.,.,,.,.,.,„.- wliere hut one ^ijrevv befor.., an.l ^ronermisly co:

punMlas<mrpa-s willbeby appropriate iUustra- nicate to the society his miiinor of doin- it. so

uiib

. ,.xten-

d"d minn.'r. W.-.,v.. ir t.i th." eausi> in whi.di \re
arc en-a-ed. and .mr present resources, and future
pn)sj>ei'ts wdl justily tlie ad<iiti,tiial in.Uicement.
The father of his ountry has written, anrl it li;i'<
now become a househ.)Id sayin,^, that th-) mm Avh>
can make two blad-vs of <^rass «»row wIhmv^ hut one
grew before, should be considered a pul>lic bont^factor.
I^et us liberally reward thi; )»^an, who by his industry,
skill and science, makes two bushels of wheat ^row-
where but one ^ijrt^w befor.., an.l generously coinimi-

rp may lay It. l)efore the pn})lie, thu^ aidinpj in an I Also, a eoniplim'rihiry premium for the same, of

iini)t>rf*aut 'particular the ^nvvt obj.'.'t w-- h iv.' in vi.'W, fifteen (l"/lars.

the advancement "I' th»i a;^rii;ultnral pro-pcniy ul the A.n. lIlliSTIdl., I

^^.^j,,^ MKdlAFL Jiori^LK, I Committee.

The Committee report that there are four appli- JATiM' IdiANr/, )
c:v!»tsf'»r premium^ on C )rn. wlio conform to the re-

quircments ^»<' ;'"" '^'^^''^^'u'' '"''n c i .SK( dlKT A K V S RFFoKT.

1st. (}e )r;i^e >> alk.-r, <d >V ooillxmrne, ^n-.(U.■il mna

C.)imtv. I*a., wlioprolii'f'bi- per accom|»anyin;:; state- d'he closing; of the seen.! \ear ..f th.' C-ni^svlva-

int'nt,' l(")'' bushels per at;re .mi five a.-r.'^, an.! tw.'nty nia State A-ri.Miltnral So. i.-t v, inrnishes the e\ id.'n.-e

ton-^ of >^op''rior l*nnn>kins. that its orjz;ani/.ati.in has be.n f..r )i..od, and that it

1,V|. I>r. J.'hn A. .M Cr.'a. of Whitemarsh. Mont- ha^i re.'cived attention from it- fri.nd>, commensurate

rriinrv (•oiintv. Fa., '*•*> busliels of shed.'d C irn per willi the imp.>rtan<-.' to be alta.die.l to an institution

jV(T'\ '11 .'leven aer.'s and twentydive ■ erches, intend. 'il to foster ami improve A-rieulttire. liorti-

.,,i. Jii». li. IJitzei-, W'.'st Karl t.>wnshi . L iriraM- culture an.l the hom.-.stic and Hous.diold iVrts. It

ter cunt , ei-nty-tive an.l tlireedifths bushels of has als.) allorih'.l sulli.d.'nt pr.).d' that there do(vs exist

sliclli'.l corn per acre on five acres. | in Feniisylvaina, nil the elements re.piired t.) carry

drli. Jno. 15. Bitzer, of W.'st Karl t.»wnship, Kau- lorwar.l and Ibster su.-cessfully a Sttite A-ricultural

c isf^r count v. ninety-six and three-fourths bushels of Society.

.,li.-ll.' 1 .• orn on ..ne acr.'. i The procee.lin^^s ..f the year, whitdi are those of

F .r Wheat th"re are tw.) applicants f.»r ])remiums, th" Kxecutive rommitt.', lune been nearly alto;rether

wi... |)i-oduc".l, as j)er a.;companyin- stat.uuent, <d' a business nature, an.l are made up from the min-

1st. U.'iiIm'u W.ddler, IJarevill.., Kincasier county, utes (d' said eominitt.'e, whi.di has b.-eu in session

f.rty bushels and twelv.; and three fourths poumls of, oi^ht times since the last aiuuial meeting of the So-

wh'\at on one acre. ' eiety. A very consideraMo amount of time au'l la-

2d. Jos.'jdi K.ndile, ..f Lyi^omiu;: county, thirty- l»'0- is re.piired from, and has been .di.'erfiilly ^nven

two hu->h. Is White Blue 8:em whe.i t.> th.;' a.;n', on l>y the memb.'rs .d" t le; Kxecutive C.Jinmittee, upmi

gixt.'i'n acres. wlmm has d.'V.dvcl all the busiuf^s of the associa-

l>cniaiuiu Huckwalter. Fancast.'r .'ounty, pro.lu.'el tion.
flpventy-three and one-fhird bush. Is oats pcT acre on ' 'i'he fbUowin- resolution was p;»^sed by th.' Kxecu-
ei;,dit a.-r.'s aiel FJ". p-rches. I tlve Committ.-.^. at th-ir in-tin- .mi th.' Inih of Dc-

Julin Wilkinson, Mount .Mry A rriu.ailtoral Insti- I cemb.^r, iSol^:
tut^ I'hilad.'lpliia county, i'a..' prodii.-"d I'llTbu^h- " U ■>o1v.m1. That .•xi"'-i"f"'" »i^^ H]u>^yu that our
el!» Carrot'^ on on.' a.M-e. Annual K.Khibiti(Mis hav.' beret. dore been held too

^IL'iiry A. Carp.Miti'r, L mcaster c.int v. ..n. -fourth lat.' in the s.m^.mi. an.l that <.ur next Annual Kxhibi-
acre Sii;^ar J5.;ets: ..iwdourth acre Knta "ih.-a. tion an.l Catth' Sli,.w -ball b.' hchl .a. JdiesdayAN^'M-

*J. II. Siuitli, Fan. 'a.ler cunty, oncdourlii acre n.'-.biv. d'bnr-liy and Fri.lay, th" "JTtli, 'J-Sth, 'JJth
ficM turnips. " and o"ib days ..f Scptemb.r n.'Xt. ' ^

,p, ., .,, . .1 . • 1 r In ac.-ord'ance Willi th" <'Mi-titntion ..r the F'uite.l

Ih.'( )mm'.tt(M'eLCi"''t that in '^o lar-e a < omnion

wealth, and sn.di an ext»Mi-iv.' ti.'ld ior comj..'t iii.m,
there were not m .r.- appllcanis, abh.Mi-h it was to

Statc'^ A-ri.Miltnra! So,-i,My. wlii.-b makes provisi.oi
f..r th.' .•sTai.li>hm.Mit ..I a' F. .ai'd ot A -riculture, t.»

II * 1 .1 . . 11 b.^ api...in e( by til.- r.'.>p.M-ti\e State A-ri(Mi!turalS.)-

havv} been expected, that on" <m- two sea'^ou'^ w.ml.i ". .M ,, • .• /, ■,, i .,, , ;,o,,,i r,...(rL-

' cu'ti.'-, tl).' Fx.'.Mitn.' < Mnniitte.' Iia>^ aj>p..int.'.! MeU K

AVatts. John IF Kwin-, and II. W. M'Allister, mem-
bers id' the said B.>ard <d A -ricultiirc.

It was als.. resolved that the thanks of th.' S.)ciety

be t.'iider.'.l to the Ao;ricultural S.)ci"ty of Fan. -aster

county, fu- th.' in.lustri.ms attention which they have

t.) tin' int.M-e-ts ..f the Stat.' Society during Its

■lip-" I. doi-.' Finn M's would fe.d sufhci.'Ut emulati.)n
1 1 a 'cnrat'lv sui'v.'v and measur.; an entire ci-.)p for
80 small a pr.'iuium as is awar.fed.

T'l" writt.Mi statements of (;.)m}>etitors are y(»ry
sitisla-tory for iirst r.'j)ort-, many of them btdn-fuU
and speriti" up.Mi evi'ry ]>.»int, f'x.'ept it be the nett

» their Kxecutive officer,

,..(.". 1 11 w I 11*.*'- <nv.Mi f.) rne inno-.'-is .». im

c )st p.}r '.n>!i('l or ]>er a.M-t\ >v e hav.' ri») (ioubt tnis ^ , ., . . , • n i

a,^r .* n 1 . 1 • r * 'r\ n •**. ex u etion, ami cs]ie.Mally t

defect will be t;orr.'c.'.l m liitur.'. 1 In* ( Ommittee ,-^". , ,,,' , < ,• ' • ■ ., ,.„,;,. ..v.^.-ntiror

i„ ,, , ,. , ... 1 ,. , anie I loa. s, Or his untirin- ener-y lu executing

deem the rules ol th.' sn.o.'tv t.. hav « ! n ."..mplied ''^'" ', ,, ,, .. ? \ ,.,.,. r:r.ouo.,t

•,x , * r .1 •• 1 .• 1 lii: the orders (d 1" ( "nimitte.. (>1 An'an-.'iuent.

withby most of the comi»"tit.)rs. an.l we timl no -lifh- „,, ' •, ■ , it ,. ..;,.-? r,.n, ^.U fr..m

-• - - ' Xhe Committ.'.' appoint.'.! to r.'c.'ivc pi.>p">a.s ]r.)m

oniMetin" for the next Annual Kxliibition,

cuity in mikin;]: the awards. After a carefnl exaiuin- .

ation and comparison of the dllf -rent stat.'m"nts and P '^' ^'^ ' . f ,. , ,.f .,t th.. npxt

^.,^ , ,. , ., 1 •., 1 . .1 c • rei.ort.'.l pr..i:ress an.l had lea\c to rep.ut at tlic ncxi

samples, wdii.'h ar.' h.'r.'with siibmitte<l t.> th" Soci- ' f . ', , /< •».

nf,. r .. I 1- . M .• .1 t^ •.. me.'tin" o the ( ommittee.

ot> f , examination am! .li.tributmn. the Committee , ,^^^^^ 7^,^lmitt.-.' anp..int...l to audit the a.v.Mints of

auar.l a< Allows: ^ ^ i ^^^^^ 'p„.,,„,,.,, r.-porf.l and certifi-.l to th.' c.>rrect-

C'o, Walker, first pr.'mium for best five acres of' ^^,^^ ^^j- ^j,,. sani".

corn, $1.3 00. I j^ jj^ to be r.';;rette<l tb;it none of the difTerent eoun-

Also a com])limentary premium for the same, of i ty A<'-ricuItiiral Societies in the State, have compbe.I

Mi!/ dollars. ^ \ ^ - -. • .. e. .. . ....:...,.

Jno. A. M'Cpci, for sec ou.l b.-

$••' on. , ^ - . ,

I r> T>-. n L • c I "all su.di r-p..rts or r.'tnins as they ar.' r.^piir.-.l t..

tJ. i>. nitzer, nrst premium, for corn on one acre* ' . _ ,. , ,

with th.' Act of In-'orporntion <.f the State Society-,
■St five acres of corn, ' which r.'.piires that they .hall annnally transmit in

I the month of Dcemb.M-. to th.' Fx".Mitiv.'( ..mmitte.>.

deman.l an. I r.'ceive fr..iM apjlicants lor jir.nnnms,

with an abstract of their proceedings durin;:; the year."

An adherence to that part of the law re. purine;

them to make report of their yearly proc«aM]in|^s,

•John Wilkinson, first premium for carrots on one i would enable the State S)ciety to acquire a ^reat

R. Weidler, first premium, for one acre of AVheat
?8 00.

acre, $8 00.
•No certlfltate of yield, or inoje of culture

Store of a;i;ricultural information, from the various
districts, juid a sufficiency of aj]jricultural statistics to
warrant the Leijrislaturc in following the worthy ex

-v.,v>*WTi5^

n4r>

Acrjcui/rruAL and iioiiTTrn/rrRAL soriirriKs.

Ffk

Pi

'nv

amploof th,.Stntr.sof Massac husotts, N„w V„rk,«)hio, .lisintorest.Ml att-nticn .'ivon to tl.o intcro,.- <-7.
.MKl„;;an an.l Maryland wl.o huvo l.a,l p„l,lisl„..| State Society durin^Mhr cxl.ibit^m "^ "'«

.nx. v.,-y .„t,.,:..sUM,^ and valnablo works call,.,l tl... Th. r,.;:isiry of the name. <7 l,o' „,..ml...rs ,how

tno^tato .NxMoty, on any subject of mi.t.ialilv, and Iv arran-od with tli..ir ™,vV,;ffi'„-;',i ,1 '"''"'-''''•
nearly al have no.Iected altogether the inn-rtanee I " CVMailieales o if .[e h ^sh , h w h^^^ |,,„.H.
of concerted aefon ,n the many ways that would fa- James (iowan. of Mount Alrv ' %• ' rv .1^
c untrV "' ''""■''^'"""" "^ "'« ''"'^l"'">">-y "f the ] adelphia, and S. C, Sra.nlKu.'i;, .f I.;,,' .. .; ' ft

country.

TIu'IViTV Countv A'n*i(Miltiir,i1 S

•V ;i

n'Li • <!ispla,v (»i

ll-'Ml-lln-iiiii^r tli,> l;-.-;ivin-V (1 (h.. S

ocietj

r(\»<entc'(l ;it the l;\r.''St:ifc Fair,

lino f^ui^ anl an ;.•].■>> .,!' .Imiu'-^;.- iiia;iiiractiiP', to
some of ^.vlncli i.n'fuiuiM^ wen- awar-i.'-l, an-l others
wore ^spoken o(»inm(ai<lal?ly ul" |,y tiir Coiuiiiitt.'c-.
Th<^ Exoeutivo Comi)iitt(^<^ passed a r(-.iiufion t.'iKi t-
in^Mhoir thanks to tho I^.mtv countv S.M-i.fv, I'n- t!i.'
liaiidsomo contrihntion tin v'nia'ie to ,air Annua! lix-
liil»iti(m, ail 1 rcquostod oih-T countv AL^q-icultural
Societies to iolldw its example.

The second Annual I-xhii.iti..!!. hell at I.iucister,
v/as ])y far more extensive than i!ie ,,ne .,1" t h.' pre-
ceding year, and for a Second Kxhihitl.iu was prnha-
Idvimpreoedentedin the history ui' Sullo A-ncuau-
ral Societies. The display of animals and* artiel.vs
from the various parts of tlie Stale ^vas vcrv ciedit-
ahle, and the numbers entered for comju'tion on the
books of the Society, was a larire increase over the
former occasion, clearly showiiifr that the zeal which Society !^' oOll or neirlv doohle

IZrZl^Tf 'V 'T '"''■;"'"". '■"•' "'" '" *■>" ' n.i"mi paid out H.C last 'ye ""-
ieast^ abated by the bipse of anotlier year. One

ytrikin- feature of the Fair, was the vabiable speci-
mens of pure bred Fowls, wliieh were exhibited in
great numbers and deservedly attract d marked at- .,......„ ...nn.nns .„■ n.e next nur. w

tenton while they showed the importance of every templated bv ,he Exe<-urive Connnittee.
larmer lookinj to the niterests of lis iiiinhrv vn-,1 i 'I'l, ' i-n i i i

The PI,, rl„?r \f .. v! „.„;. • '" . , -^ -V, • ^'"'' "''-•1""'W >'f "'c Jii'l^es who served on the ecv-

ettrredthi. , ? amon^ the _ plowmen who had three thousand copies have been ,.ul,!;.l,.d and dis-
cntered tho contest was charaeten/.ed by a c-d f,...!- ,,.il,n,,.d „nnnu^ th'e ,„, ,„)„.,.s „r il„. Soeie y ) show
jnK. and a generous emulation as to the reward ...1 iheir ., ,|,.,.id..d nnp^.-o,,.,,, .,,,1,.. p.n .f , "hil 'i;' °n

m . ■, ]'f''pann^' statements in re^^j^i-j to culture, metlnxb

ihe several departments of the 11 :h:^i[ion W(M-e
all well supplied with contributions, arel j^res.ait.'d
^'"■"" ii<'! il aitractions. The ue^ and intere-tin;^
feature til the l-;\hihi!ioii maii- up bv the collection
of valuable wools. owieM and ]ir^ .^ru;,..! bv Peter A.
Browne, Esq., of Philadelphia, allbrdel ijuit,' a feat
to the wool orrowers, who had tin; pleasin-- of .'xam-
ininj: the rare specimens, and su;;ir(.sts to tic Suiotv

the importance of aiding this distinguished gentle- , >...-..

man in his new and laudable endeavor to imi^rove the cieiy >o justlv demands.

ni 'ue ot ,-( I i-ii^, iiciuii^ (lie irea<in"\' (l th<

has beo|, I..., .v,i,.,.,>s.sful than niigh't Iiav. ,

}M-eted, for wliere it is ci»nsidpivd that the 1,'!. 'i*^
life membership is ,,nly ten dollars, (uie would n li^l-
ly bejh.vr that the dictates of economy woul.rjii.
duee be,, nn'mbers bv the s((»re.

Two ycai-s have exjdreil sine*' the organi/ati.ai ,,f
this Society, and would it ho impndiable to sapposo
tiiat eight years heiiee, hundreds who are ni-mb.rs
now will beuiembers then ? Who th.-n can ar, amt
for ther- beiuLT but ibur life nnnnlxTs now.wheti , i-i.^
years more .shall have expired/ All who euntiiuie
members for that p(>riod will have pai 1 the whole a-
'"""I't "I" the let^ i;,.r lili' nc'mb"i--hii). and nt tlio on^i
oi uiat lime will h(> stiil coiitrihuting th.'ir .i ,ll;ir
y'':u-ly. It miu'ht not b" impi-opor here to su^rgpgt
|!'''' til' ^ ice I'resi.leiit he (h-ii-cd to iii\ite !i)(-inern-
i'Ts jroin th"ir ivsjteetiv.' disiriets. Each \ ice Fres-
id.int lurnishiuir ten lile members, woiijil o-ive the

the amount of pre-

\\

It will be seen by the Treasurer's report that there
are fnnd> in the treasury to warr;int a very consid-
'M-al le (.idargeiii, lit of fh" ))remium list, ami an in-
crease ,,r premiums fbr t lie next fair, which is con-

sof
manufacturing, &e.

It will be seen also that (he Kxccutive ('■anniitt"0
have increased the number oi' davs for holding the
next Exhibition to four, so as to cimble ex^ibit(»rs to
have entered ami arran'j;cd, in due time, all thin'^s
iTiteiKitMl tor comp-'tition.and to triv" th" du'l-e- more
tini" in their adiud!catioii<: an-l t»» enable them to
gl^e that att-'utioii to the niaking iipoj their rep irts
\^ I'ieh th.ir importam;e to competitors and to the bo-

wool cnlture, by pointing out the distinct diff(^renee
between hair and wool, or between wo(d that wilband
that which will not felt orshrink together.

The Exhil)ition was deficient in the eustomarv an-
nual address, owing to the engagements at the 'unw,
of the gentleman who had been invited for that pur-
pose.

The Fair ground, situated on an eminence scarce-
ly a mile fnun Lancaster, and commanding: a fine
view of theConestogo Valley, the Columbia Railroad
for several miles, and the niagnificent farnn wliich
surrounded it on all sides, was a beautiful location,
and for the purposes of an Exhibition, every way de-
sirable.

Tiie (^mmittec of Arrangement, composed almost
exelusivcdy <d' members of the Lancaster Co. Agri-
cultural Society, upon whom devolved the many du-
ties to be performed, both before and alter the fair,
deserve the thanks of the Society for the untirinf^and

In submitting such alistracts from the records of
the Soci(>ty as have been designaterl, and which are
hoped will contribute to the interest of our Annual
Meetinix, 1 cannot refrain from C(jngratulating the
members upon the successful efibrt which has been
madelc,- them t(» firmly establish in Fennsvlvaniaan
institutmn, w liose two years existence fnliy demon-
strates that it is rapidly approximating to an eqality
with kindred associations, wdiose beneficent influences
have ai(l(Ml agriculture throughout the wcrld.

AVe ha\e reas(m to rejoice that as yet no obstacle
has been met with to retard tho Society in its gradual
advancement to the position which it this day occu-
pies; and it is a gratificatitm to know that the treasu-
ry of the State has been twi(3e opened in its liehalf,
and that the Governor of the Commonwealth, in his
late annual message, has recommended the appoint-
ment of an Agricultural Chemist to act in conjunction
with this and the County Societies.

Tho interest that is felt in every part of the State

1S53.

ACKK^FLTIM^ \!. \\T> lIOTrrTrrf.TI'b'A L SOCIETIES.

M7

to have succf^d th« first effi)rt calculated to benefit
the f.irnier, the Legislative aid so confidently t<» be re-
lied on, the m(Mnl)ers of the Society now numbering
thousands, tln^ money in its treasury, and the wil-
jjprr„,.ss <d* almost every one to assist in its promo-
tidU, all indicate a permanency of the I*ennsylvania
State Aiijricultural Society, w hich it is hoped will not
cease whihi agriculture conti ibtit(»8 to tho comfort

rtiid hai»pi'^^''*s of man.

K. C. WALK I'll, Sec'y.

oTitirc field, mucdi of it from 15 to 16 foot hij^h ; none under
12 ft. Tltf Dutloii corn with us iri not ol'tcn more than nino
or ton feet lii;,'li.

Thero was no manure einjtloyed, and the rapid prowih nl
thu (•ro])s did not pcrnnt it to Itc sliirt'd more thiui twii-c
with th).^ cultiviitor. .lAMKS A. McCRKA.

Ardeulitim rarm, Whitemarsh tp., ^bJnt. eo., I'a.

Monti^omcry cr»., Jan. Otli, IS.'i.T

I hereby certify that I snperintendo<l liarvestinj; and niea-

stirinirthe eorn cro[»j;r<j\vn upon I 1 a{;rc»i2l perehcs, rm the

tar II I w! 1 »! . .i.iineH.\. MeCroa, in Whitemarsh township, M-ut-

goinery county, and that said crop wn •■ I I'L'"^ Ipu-h-ls t.f hheli-

edcorn. .i()Si:rii nii:max.

I licrftiy fcrtllV that I mra-ur'd acciii aoly the I'e M of
■orn upon t h"- I'ariii i>t' I ir. .1 auir- A . iM<< 'lea , in A iiu;ti't last ,

Oko ^^' \ 1 Mni\>< IVbini: of Cfi.i ivArrns, -I pi i\v.' I five
acres of ^reen «\var<l for corn in t!ie he^^iniiin;; ui .May. \'^.>'2
j!nd haiih'd one Inindred load> of manure on the same. Af-
ter tlie niaiiuri' was spread the ^ruund was well iiarrownl,
•uul planted, tlo' la^l nf Mav, in r.ov,. :\k feel apart, runninK '^'"^ 'hat the .-ann; contains 1 I acr.- 'J 1 p.av!ir> .,1 hiiid.
ca:it and u.'.i, from 1 hr.c P. ii ve - rains in the hill. Tw-,, JUSKl'll JU ,-T( )N, Surv. ^ or.

husliv'ls ot line , !iii\e'!'\\ i'h tlirc'' liushids iit' pla.- 1 .r was ap-
plied to said fi\o ucrc> "!' '■'irn, v^'ry snon aficr it came up.
A plow di<l not enter t!ie tlrPl afoT the lurn \va- plant. 'd.
The ;^round was kej t loose and mdluw, and the ;.,'ra-s and
weeds subdued hy the usi,- of the enltivat'ir : inakin;.^ hut lit-
tle use of tlie hand-hoe. A >[H'cimin ot ttc c<)rn was ex-
hibited at the State l*'air, at banea^ter; it In ini^r oi lb.' wjiitc
Hint .species, ei^hirn'.v 1(1, .-mall ckI), and biii^^ fars. mure
than one foot in len rth. In addition to the enormous yield
(}[' Ifill bushels <>f sh^.itcac.iru lu the acre, '<',•■ , .i...^ ..,11,..!
five acre.", prftduecd twenty tons of superior pnmpkin>, sniiie
of which wei;^hed more than forty-one jiounds. ."<;iid field
IS situjited on one of the hif^hest hills in SuPiiiehanna coun-
ty, beiu;; an oak, pine, beech and su^ar niipl' ridge. Soil,
a santly loam.

Ail of which is respectfully submitted.

GEO. WALKER.

WoonBoiJitNE, Sus(['a co., Oct. 14, 1S.02.

The .subscribers i.ave this day examined the corn raised
by Mr. (ieor;^o WalKtr, 'oi his fuiin, ai tlii- jdaee.

We measured carefully, wit h a surveyor'sch.un, (mes'iuare
acre embracing an average of tho fill

lli:rio;\ \Vi:ii»\ian's .Mdih: or i 'i i.i i\ \i ei\. Th,' LTuund
w ;i'-' timothy sud. It wa ■•• a''i-nrati'|y >iu"\ryi'(l liy ^\illiam
W'eidnian, (ju the 1st of <>.t"h"r, I'^.VJ.and t'Oind toenntain
l.'j.'i^ perefies, bss J^ pi'ia h<',-' ili.an one acre.

'J'he mode nl' njltivati oil wa- a- f'»llows : rinn;;hrd in tho
Sprii .L', tie n joit in wilh pnt at -.,■<, and alLr ihey were raised,
a^Hiiit it) eiie h(ir~e cart loads of manure .'•pre:id o\ cr if.,
then again ploughed about h inches dueji an I harmw . I until

if. ■■■....!! -,.-,■!■!-...-,.]■,!, r • .'ind then ^nwr"! ■• •■'*' ' ' ■• " ' '■""

efwhat ;- calh'd tin- n!ii(. wheal u ith drill, 'llirwlual wa.-3
ri'apcd. .-h'ickcd. and th.;!! .-tacked .and remaiiu-d tier'- until
tho 4th day of Octub.T, \-^.>'2, wIm'ii it wa,- threshed and
yielded ^///r///' r//// o//'/ o li'ilf l>ii>^h< Ix by mca.^urc ; weijxhed
()l^n lbs., whicli makes f<>''fy htali'ln and ttcdce anil (ten ihird
lbs. of wheat bv weight.

Certified by iis, October ISth. 1S.32.

W 11,1,1 \.M \Vi-.li):dAX,
.J. U. L Eli Ell.

f)ats rai.srd l>i/ II njinniii llnrh imlhr.

East L \ \iii rcii, .■^■■pi. t;ih, ISj2.
This is to certify that tho oats licld ( 'mtaMi'd ^ a>rcs an<l
We then counted the liilLs of c(trn on cac h out.^ide row, i 125. per.dies— neat mea.Miro.

and found it 12S hills long, by o'.\ wide. We then selected
an average row, and beginning on one side, worked twenty-
Hi,x hills, which we shelled and measured, and there was a
little over a fidl bushel.

Tin) eorn was not dry, and ])rnbably will slirink from } to
\. The jtresent amount would be 1 00 bushcl.s of shelled
corn — 120 of dry, merchantable eorn.

A'eiy rcspeetfull V.

WILLIAM D. roPE,
\. CILV.MLlilMJX.

ALll.Ml \M 1'.' rk W \LTi:i;.
liENM AMIX I; I ( K WAI.'l LL.
This ii* to certify that tho above (luantity of land pro-
duced <) H) bushels.

HENRY (n?OFF.
bENJA.MlN JMCivWALTEIl.

Witness our hands,

Witness our hands,

I)r.,'ciii)/i(>n of Ihr
sou lu'od in'cn Ins

r

.IvMr- .\. .M' '"(iCA".^ MiMw: h!' ('n/ii \' v nov. — The und'T-
signed respectfully presents the accomp iny ing oirtitieates of
the nuasnrenunt of land, .and it- pr-'dmt in i-nin. in coni|)e-
liti<m fur the premium ofl'er*'! by tlo' .\;^'rii ultural ."Society
of the State of Pennsylvania.

Jr. this section of our State, such a crop is exceedingly be-
yond the average, and elicited warm encomiums from all , six inches more

M(inn>r in irliicJi JoJui Jlllldfi-
('/<>/) of' (.''irrof.s, ill ]>'>-, /tnas-

ur'iH'j b*17 Jld.sh'ls fn r Jc/c.

The :^rr(iund wa- a g(jod .-andy loam, principally mie.a an<l
.-hit'': thf lerlih' .-urlace ^ui! ab.mt eight inches in depth.

It had hern in Liiceric; two years previous to breaking u})

for ('arrots.

Theswnrdwas turne«| under nine inehesdeep in April, !'o!
lowing the surface with the subsoil plough, to the dcj '

II o

f

who had an opportunity of seeing its luxuriant -rowth. The Land was manured with four hun<lred pounds Peruvian
mole (d' cultivation was thitt usually employed in this coun- , guano per a. re, and twenty-five two-horse loads of compost,
ty, viz : I consisting of the -er.ipings of the niennre yar»Is, screenings

A sod of more than 20year.^ growtli wa- broken upin ^Lareh. of guano, d miiio-ed lle-h of llor.scs,(;ows, Ac, and gle.an-

harrowed thoroughly, then hoe-harrowed and furrowed out ings from banks of ditehe.N thoroughly iiK-orpnrated with
for planting' 4 and ;LV" feet. The corn was phinte.l the first week the soil. The seed was planted the .>th (d May in drill, ^i
in May, about two-thirds with Button and the rest with mi.ved feet apart, using two pound seed piT acre— the variety Long
variety. Myneighborfarmerswereot opinion thatifthemixed ! Orange.

variety alone had been planted, the yield would have been ' Thev were kept clean throughout the .coa.^on; were hand-
materially increased. Of this, however, I nm not s.atisfied. weeded but twice, and cultivated principally with b'.rses,
The irregular outline of the field rendered it impracticable ; u.singa cultivator made by C. li. Rodger.-, ot 1 hiladclphnv,
to institute a comparison with that accuracy which should expressly for the purpose; and also sul)Soiling the surtace,
always accompany agricultur.il> speriment.s to entitle them i three times during tho .season between the drill.s, y. iih a
to confidence. A iiven bulk of the mixed variety was found : light one-horse plow. The crop was liarvesti'd the la.t. ot

November. They were taken out by means of the birgo
subsoil plow, running it seventeen inches in depth.

I3y the use of the S. S. plow for digging carrots, and sim-
ilar roots, astrong team will do the work of twenty-five or
thirty men, and do the work equally as well as it can be

given bulR ot the mixea variety
to shell olT about 4 per cent, more by measure and 8 per
cenL less by weight than the Dutton.

The Dutton corn was selected with reference to its charac-
ter for maturing early — as the desire was to bring the field
back into grass in the shortest possible timo.

The unusual character of the autumn, however, defeated | done by manual labor.

the object, and al.so showed no diiTerenco in favor of the I preservo them in pits, cover them with earth, without
Dutton over the mixed variety, on the score of earlier matu- any other covering. I sell them in the city of 1 hiladcl-
rity. I may al.-'o add, that the fodder was very rank on the ' phia for feeding IIorse.«; the price vanes from ocj to iiHy

j.,ri|f#f»

■* ¥ -il?^

348

Aonrrrr/rrMMT. and uokticultural socrr/riKS

rontR per bushel. I hnvc sold thorn this year i«,r 4.> ceiiU

per l.ushel.and thus realiz' .1 upwards of I'l^o per acre.

All of whieh i.s respectfully suh.niltod to the Coiiiinittee on

Koot Crops, of the Pennsylvania State AKriculturahSociety.

J. WIKKlxsOxV,
Germantown, Dec. 22, 1832.

Th

IN'iiMs^lviuiia lloriicultural >.Mi ty,

T do certify (hat T assisted to produce the crop of Carrots
Kfown by Mr. Wilkinson, of the Mount Airy Agricultural
Institute, in 1852, and thut one acre, . surveyed l.y^Mr L U
(Jause. (Mathematical Teacher of the Institute) ir.Ml.ir.o.i

one thousand and neventcen bushels, pllTn,.:':;:' :' I 7"^''>' '''^- 'l-^il M .-: l^-y-nno Si.nll., St. (l-muin
acre, of the best shaped carrots, and b.-st umnnyiu'u ui •;=^""";„V''- ••^"'1 <'!">it .M,„v..;uis, nMn;irkal,Iv }iu,.:
tops to (he roots that I ever saw. and I have ben l.nu. liar , '?*'" ' '"""^l^ H-mcork. tlu' St. < -Tinai,, aii*!* I/f/
with their production for the past ten vcars. I'hass. -•.....

o«i nu 1 .K's.jay ovonin- tl,o21.i Ibn-iuiMT in thp
niM.so Saloon, (ienenil PattorHon, Pn^sidont. ,n ,U

Thn display on this occasivn .'-.inprisr,! acdl.vti.m
of intorost.n- plants fyn,.n Mr. (\,pe's I,„usos ('hrv

"'V ^'■""' ■'^^'■- ''^''^"'- ''"^^'"^ '" v.-iri..tv rr.;m

" ''• >""!!«. ' f the loll, mil,;; kirnls o't unu-

sMiithciinirn
Mr>. J..li
siiallv fin<

"/•/.^*'-- , „ K"irr. THOMAS.

Justice of the Peace in and fur the county of Phil:,dcli.hia.

M^tr'n'^'o'-'^'' ^'"^''-''^^^^''^^^ ^ -'^rnpassand rhain. for
Mr. .John W ilkin.son. of the Mount Airy A:;ri.M,ltural Insti-
tute one acre of the pround occupied by hi.s earrot crop in
1M52. which he subsequently h .,1 carefully mea.snrcd for
the purpose ot competing f.,r fh. ,,ri7.es off.r^d by numerous
AK'ncultural Societies, an I 1 am '^atisfie,! that 'the «uryev
was accurately made. L.Ii.lJAlSi:. Sury.-'yur. "

^veorn and subscribed before mc, this ICil, dav M De
comber. 18;i2 POHT. THoM \S

Justice of the Peace, in and for the county of Philadelphia.

lifincttc iVaiirlic and iirllc d.-s Cms; ironi Potcr Kii-
s'T. a niiMil)(T of sc<'dliii;xs. Of \'t'o;(>tal)l(">— A

We have received the Treasurers report of the State Agri-
cultural Society, ^vith the items of expenses and receipts'fur
Itt.st year; also the report of the commiuee on the subj.rt
of a State Agricultural School. They shall npp.ar in \.nr
next, and we regret havingroom only for tlic t.dl ,uin- reso-
lution in the present number:

Resolved. That an Agricultural Convention bo bold .M
JIarrisburj, on Tuesday, the Sth of March next. f. a,l,,pr
measures for the establishment of an A;?ricultu.al h.M.tu.
t.on. to be styled "The Farmers' High School of Penr,.yl
vania, with a model farm atta.hod thereto: anJ that th..
conventien consist ot a.s many dolegatos from eaoh di>triot

tural Societies, where su-h ar. l.oat.-d. and iu <.ther dr^tricts ^ ^'^'^^''^^V Kdf.'n Jim l.r tl,.- Lrst l>y a pri vato . ar-
il,on. ■ *l<''i^'''. to Ihomas M.';;liran, .irardpticr to K. (Nu-iieliiis;

tliony Folton, dr., prfsrnt.'d a vr-ry o.xf(Mi.Mvo dispjav
and very tine tahb's fr.)m RMl.ort 0(.rn.dins and C.i'l^b
<^>po. A l.cantiful basket of cut fb.wcrs fn.m R.
Corn.diiis's houses, and a handsome bo<iuet fn.m C
Copra's.

The fdlowiii;^ are the awards— Uv tlie C,,,n-
niittMe (.11 Plants and FIow.ts- -For the' mn^t luu-v.
estin^r collection u\' plants in pots, to Thomas Moo-
han, ,i:;ar.hM,,.r to C. Cope. Fn,- th.- I.e^t how.iu-t to
the sany^ and for the second best basket of cut flow
ers, to Th(.mas M -hran, ^Mi.bn. r v, \l. Cornolius.
The committee noticed a specinn-n of Centraderiia
flonbunda. a n.»\v plant ti-om .Mr. C.pe's lioinr..

Vy th.' ConiMiitt.M' ,,n Frnir For t}\i^ brst ,,ip' doz-
■n I*.'ar<, to Mrs. .John II. Smltli's i^Mideii.T, lor the
•'■'niifi"tt.': for th.' sccnd b.-st, to 'I'iionias P. .buui'S,
^•'t' ^'"' {nconnu.' \'ari Moj,s. For th.' besL..M.' dn/.^n
Apples, toN. W. Ko,., fur t!..- Konian Stem; Cr the
second best, to 'Di oinas M.' rhran, ;:;ard>'ii.r to K. Cor-
n.'liusj.,r .\rwtM\vn Pippin. An.l a special pro-
n^iiiiMi .if niic .iMJIar \n F. ( iu. .iii,--ar.I..|i('i- (o .M;--. J.
li. Sinirli, for a dish ol v.-ry lai'"-e
(ilont Morcf^au Pears.

H\ the ('oininittte ..n X'.'irerables — ]'..r th.' b

specimens of

)V>\

i'v the friends of agricultural .•.!(,,■:

Ai,(;i;i;\<)\ s. lionKKTS,

.). (• AKOTHKKS.

JUSKPli K<).\I(;mA('H1:R,

A. o. ii!:i< rKit.

^ ,,. ^ , , DAVID MKbblXrJER,

Published by order of the Executive Corumittee

IIOBKRT C. WALKER, Secretary.
IlARRisBURo, Jan. ISth, 185,3.

-••v-

OR«'iGSBURn,.T;innary P], 1S53.
The following is the list of Officers of the Schuyl-
kill county Agricultural Society, elected on the third
instant.

President— Hon. Jacob II.\m.mer.

Vice Presidents— Joshua Bock and Juun J. Pax,

SON.

Pi-cording Secretary— J. S. Keller.
Corresponding Secretary — Jxo. Bannan.
Librarian— J. S.Keller.
Treasurer— W. A. IIamver.
Curators— J. F. Treiciiler and Rirens Peale.

J. S. KELLEll, llec. Sec'rv.

for the second best to Thomas Meehan, 'Mrdeii.T to
L. lope.

^ Ad Interim Ib'port of the Fruit ('.)mmittee. The
Fruit (^.mlnittee respectfully submit the Ibllowing o^i
infrrii/i r.'port:

After fh.'ir r.'u'ular report had b.'cn ])resented and
acted on. at th.' last stated meeting of the society, on
the Ibthof Xov.-mb.M-, a sprcinien of the TJ.'llc' An-
geviiie Pear was exhibite.l by lurhanl Pric.-, wiiich
had ju>;t been been br.»u;;lit from France bvdco. D.
Parrish, This spfcinien was oi' collossal size, wei<zh-
ing.'J,"'. ounces, an.l measuring six an.i a half inclies
in its longitudinal, and four and a liaif in its trans-
verse diameter, and cost in Paris two didlars and for-
ty cents, lid!.' .\nLi;\ine is a fine cooking Pear. A
model of it was sent to tic s.x-i.iv, this season, by
An.lr.' Leroy, of Angers, and wa-^ »'\!iibit.'.i at tlie
recent m.jeting of the T >Mi.)logical Society. (It is
now on the table.)

From Mr. Johnston — Mammotu TIickory Xuts —
grown at Pottstown in this State.

From James C. Vodges — Shell-Barks — grown
near Norristown. These nuts were of immense size,
measuring one and three-fourths inches in their Ion
gitudinal and one and live-eights inches in their

m?.]

A(;Rh'(f/rri> AL wn iiobTirpfTrK \l sorn-TiKS.

transverse diameter. Weight half an ounce— oblong
compressed — of line fpnility.

From Charles KesHh.r, Reading— Tu.. Mni.ti.s of
Ap[>l''s. Tin: \'<»sT. Rath.r l;i!;i-. t\\,, ;i,,d ,l,r(.(..

eij^hthstothuM! and t!ir fourths wide. iMnn-iisli ..!.-

late, beautifully striped, an<i .l.'li.-at. ly m.)tt!.'d with
crimson, <»n a yell.tw grouri.l; stem sh..rt, le,>s than

oned'ourth by one-sixth ..f an inch tliirk inserted in
1 :*... <K...i II . • I . , . '"

.'^49

dull red on greeuLsh gronn.j. |,,s small si/e an, I un
n.v.tnig exterior uill probably pr.v.nt its ^..n.ral
eulf!\ation. <-> '^'

.'mm., a <...-.||in:r.d |'. Kus.^r. Size beh.w medi-
an... soui.-whai oblal.., usuullv compressed; nkin
greenish yelh.w, with small p:itehes ni green and el
evated rusnet dots, an<l s<Mn..f mies a faint blush • stem
^li.^it. ,-;, !!„.,- thu-k; r.-.vitv .i....p. narn.w. ru-Wt. .1

a deep cavity; tlesh yell. .Wish, t.-ni-r. nii.v T)leaM'.p( h... ;, . , • •

flavor. -Very good" <jualitv. ^ ' M ''\'" "^^'■'■""■- " '"■"l"'-^"- -I'l'th, >light)v pbuied •

Ix)Na STEM-beh.w medium: n.ni.lish ..bh.n.^ ! 't^ur''^' -'T' '"''''■ •'V'; •
sometimes an^Milar; '.km re.', in laint strin... uitii'ir. i' ii "':'^",""' variable.,, f.-rm. usuaHv

nun.l..r..f uM-ev ruv...t d.,ts: stem ion^ thin' .• litv / '•^•I•'r'^^ inclining to c.ni.al ; skin striped',

n.eb.nn a-.nnnate; basin small, shail.'.wy, plaite.l ! i^w' n'm'? U'''"'\''*' '""""' ^''•"»''"». -'""•times a
fh-sh ^rn'.'ni^h whit.', ten(l..r:agre,.ablvsuba,-i( lbiv<.r'l 7 V ^'■■'^'■'"■."'* ^^•;''''" ''"^•^••t. ; stem short, ra-

wHli Spitz.'nburg Hrorna;.pia1itv'^eryg ; '' X ; ^'";- ^'"'•'^y-'-'tniies ll.'shy ; cavity usuallv rather
the Long Stem described bv P Tolc '^ >^de and deep ; basin shalh>w, plaited : fh-sh green-

Kr .Mr. H.custon, Reading -Two varieties of ''^'''''^'' V'' ^'''^"''''' ^'■'''^'''■' ''''^ ''•'^''•'•'''^ ^'^ ^''^vor.

Appl-. JlorsiM's Reo; larg.' Obl.m.r conn.ress.Ml I wL- '7- . ""^'"'i ^'''•'!;^''^''- tapering to the crown :
.t'the si.les: >kin re.l, i„ strip.^.. vellow'-'at 11 . ' n,T'''" * T'^ '/^"" ""^ '" '" "•"^^'"^^ ^^vish

8tem ^hortahi.'k; cavity narn,w: n..t d-en .li 'h | V = ^ T T'' ^\^'' T'V '^""^ '""^^ '^"'^ ^»""'»''^ ^
russette.i; basin moderately d.'ep, plaited'fie'sh i.V ^ ? ' '""l^^'-^^^^'^V^"'"- '^^'''P : l>^t^in shallow, phiit-
fxture. f.n.ler. with d.'lightful in.lua; .pa ty ''s ■ I I i: ,\::;: t'V'' : "i ^'T'^'' ''''''" ' ^^"^'' ^'••"-
gM..i-at least. ' i ^ ''-^ I J'^l^l^ '»'';;• <''"'<•'•^t'''•'^t<■n.l.T,agr.•eable flavor ;'-g(,ud

(lioijiv MiNDi. Specimens very lar'M' -md r.' i-'"^' it i-

markablv fair. , ^ ^ n- K k.mvser -Jedium .size,roundish. conical, sparseley

io„n"iM..M.av P. James-Three varieties of P,.,rs ■ ^T^jt . ^v,th carmine on a gr ......,« ^nonno ;

ro^n^Ml; ni Hors: medium, ob.ivate, iui.-y -Verv I " i ''! 1 ', ' ^"'^y^v narn,w...ntu.e; ba>in shal-
froo.i." ' •' '• ^ • '> I 'V^^'- I"^'^'^""l ' •'"■'^'^ tender, of line texture, but <h'fi-

^'"'^•"■^•- -I Tkoit Vkkk. Sp.'cnnen unu.uallv "7'^ '" r'"""' ,>
h.r^e, an.l .-xc... din.lv beautiful;, ualit'\r";d'^^ Kekc.v. Pn. Medium si.., „blate. com-

,St. GEFtMAiN.-Very line specimen of tlus'oTd 'a- ^ ^""'' '^^""'"^ ^" ^'^ ™
riety.

From Peter Kuser, of Boyerstown, Pa., throu-h
Alan ^^ . (.\>rson. Tw 'Ivc varieties of Appl.-s nr'Tb-

- . . .. - • ^'viii greenish v.'llow

with num. Tons rusHott dots, ami a enrniin.. ", !,,.<. k •
stem ^ mel, by I-P; ; cavity wide, ae.Mimm.tte, ,,,..
setted : haMii shall. !w. j.lait..| ; n..f in eatin.r ,,'r.|rr
ably natives, as we do not recogni/.-anv'of'tlH'm'as JTT' ,/'^^' -"l 'j"^""'';''' -I'l'^n::. angnh:;; skin
kn..wn vari.'ti.^se.xe.'pt the I.vker, wlii.d, is id i fr'' ^"\'''; ^^''^'' '"^";^'"'' "< ""•"'^'- ''"-'^ 'l"ts,

cre.ia Penn.vlvania .ledlin.^ iT "'" ''''''*'' '^"'" '^'"''^ ''•''^'"' ^''''^^ ' *''^vity

V.M.r. Ab-dium, r.mn.li^h. strip.'d with r.'-l ,,p' ''""P. ni-ette.l ; bas.n rather wide, d.;ep. «<miewhat
virion Im . ,. ,. 11 • 1 1 . turrowed ; no in eatiic^ or. Cr

vaiiou. I up, .,n yellowish groun.l;strm half imdi -,'i -r • c : '

loPir, eight!.' thiek; cavity open, obtu-.- ba<in verv ' I"' I r. ;niirer s Semi-annwa! stat-m.-nt was rea.l,

'^liall-.w. plait. '.1; tl,.s|, fi„;.. texture tender, ph'asin't ; =^'\';,,^''^'''-f-'"l ^" ''"" <' -nimitte,. ,,n Finan.w.

lla^or. "\eryg.MMl." ; ' 'i'' Library r,,mniittee submitr.'d their annual

No. 2, a se.'dling. M.-dium size, roundish .d.lab' ' ''^'P'""'' •'»'"^vi";; :ui interesting eonditi .n. The t..tal
sometimes c.,mpressed ; skin greenish yellow with j "'.'"'^'7 "^ volumes composing it b.'in- ..ne tlmusand,
russ^.f d..ts on whitish elevations; faint blusj, to a !,'!, ^''"*'.'' fdry-tiv.' are gifts fr..m vari..us s.,urcev.
hright carmine, sometimes in stripes on the exposed I '"•'^'"t""'' '""st <.f [.urchas<',l bo.,ks is ..v<'r f.iir th..u-

'^urlace; stem ,5 ineh long, bv !-!> incdi thick- cavitv ^'^"'^ <I"llars, of whicli sum eightv-o lobars had

rather deep, russetted in ravs'; basin medium j.liit- i '*''/'" ^''''^''^''''^ ^rom members jor lin.^. Anappr.>pri
<''i; ■^f'e.i bn.wn, short, plump, obtu'^e • fh-^h fine • ' l^^'*'" '^^ ^^"'"" 'nindn-d dollars wa. or.lered lor the
texture ten-l.T ; mild, pleasant flavor ; quality -good.'' '"V:;^'''';; "'" ^'l'' ^''•';^''-^'-

'^lAicK. Large, of fijin appearance conical anrru- ' ^ '»^ ''»'"'"'^t''<' h.r establishin;: premiums reported
lar: skin -reenish vellow, with a f<'w russet dots .[;,,| ! ''^ ''^cheduh! f,r l.^'o.'b which, after amendment, was
on the ..xp...ed si.i; a blush ; stem short, thick w'av- '^'^'V^'"^-

Hy, wide, irregular, deep; basin deeply fin-owe.l • "'" =i"^*'n''ni^'"t to the bydaws, proposed at the

core large, holh.w ; s.-ed light brown short nlumi. ' '^''^ ""^'^^'''^ meeting, was taken up an.l .li^ o^....], and
nMii«A .<?.'>..!. .:- , .' '» '■' reterre.l to a special C.nimitt.M- ,,f tlire.. t.. r.iM.rt

-u^ ' , , , ' "n"^ "I o\-» II, Mmi 1 , iiiump.

ontuse. ne<h hne; texture tender, pleasant; (luality

gOOIJ. ^ -

^o L a seedling of Mr. Kuser's. Above me.li-
!";' 'y Nizo, roundish, obhit.^ ; skin green with brown-
^h stripes :sb'm huig, slender ; cavity acuminate;
t)asin, mall, shallow, plaited; flesh tz;Veenish wliite

^5'^oo"^^^^^^ ^^^^^
Lkckkr. .h'scrib-.l bv Thomas as La.piier with sy-
nonym Lacker. M.'dium n-undish, oblate; skin

larg^ Ibdit ([,7s -"s;!' shorr'^'7'1^' T^'' "'^'"^.^-'-^ Warrm Count, f A.rindtural Sori.fy,

af,...* ^ • ' Stem short and slender, sometimes ,, • . , „/

«t[>it; cavity russetted, narn.w, rather deep; basin At a meeting of the Warren County Agricultural Societj,

^ide, deep, plaited; seed dark cinnamon,' short, ^^Id at the borough of Yonng.-'ville, on Wednogday, the 22d

deb^^f' ^^^^ whitish, fine texture, tender', juicy,* of December, the following were elected officers for the en-

^ate aroma ; quality ''good" at least. " ' suing yean-Stephen Littlcfidd. Presidend; James Younic,

'O Keeping. Very small, roundish, stripes of Treasurer; Patrick Falconer, Secretary; 44 Vice Presidents

[ -'-- '....■■..1 ' ..( 1EII<< \ \ ' I ' I'WIl,

The Frt'sident submitted a c.ipy .d' a letter wlmdi
he had addressed t«t ('.•mmodore F.-rrv, requpstinc a
s.'iar.' of the seecN, bulbs, rar-' plants, A,'., c..llrcicd
by the botanist in tie: pr.)jccted dapan Kxpedition,
for the u>e.if the Society.

Five gentlemen were electe-i neinlwrs,

'i IIMS. r. d.VMKS,

Kecor-ling Secretary .

■■<um

350

AoiiirrLTriiAL and iiohtkjultuual societies.

Ff

•HfirART.

Pennsylvania Ilortlculturai hi>iicti«

Tlic stateilmceting occiirre<l Tuesday evt^n'g Jan. 18,
in tli!^ Ciiincsci S.iloon, I)r. W. I). Urinckle, V. P., in
tlie Chair. The severity of the \veath<'r preeliKhMl an
ext«!n.sive display, v«'t the eonjincndalile zt^al which
actuates TlioMi.is Mcehan, <!:ard(Mier to Mr. Cu})e, in-
due«'d iiim to hrin;i; i'roni a distance of some miles, a i kooM.' W(iia.i.i,.t(Mi loVtiir ui»U'ut'("vVMii'nK'i»artii'

iMi Uixii..ii:i^; ..V UD.M.^ii white, witli h'.iiirili.i,, .i i.ilnt oraiii-c hln.v.
st.'m '.4 ill) lii.h l.v Ml. 1iis«'rt.M| In a narrow, rai her 'l.'op cavifv'
(iilyx iii.'iliniii: l>a->iii shulluw, Irrt-KUUir; uno texture, "kooU-'' ii, -^
soil in.iii Oftoi.cr to Maah. ' '"•'■•

Fnmi .Mr. Thas. KcssU'r,<)f Readlni?— Spoclincnsof the follovvlncr fm,.
viirh't-icMti .\i.plr.s: »»Kiour

1. A riatlvf a|)|)!»'. snmll, nminllsh, oblato, nearly covereil with nvl
In -itrlin's. (<ii a wliltisli yellow uroiunl; stem short, iiiscrtcj |i, a wld/
deep eavli> : ^■^^\y\ Miiaji, «!(.,el; ha>lii wide, Imxlerutilv iUi-u- t\lc
yellowish whitr. tind.'r, with a splry. saccharine flavor; «'iuallty "very

colU^ction of beautilul liowerin^ phvnts, much to his
credit; in which were several of interest — the JMv-
poroue Ain/u'r.stt'i, new, and shown for the first time

)ar!i»^
elt-

2. Anotii.T native apple. sni;ill, roundish ol>loji;(. niottle.l.aiwl spi
y striped with red on a k'reenlsh yellow Lrro\nnl. contain' re,' m.iiiv nr-

vjiti' 1 russetl <lots. It possesses no redeeniinK <iuulUlcs lo tuiu'uta.sa'f*^
lor Its Interior size, and nidnvltliitf exti-rior.

3. A l,ir;,'e iippif. Ijoni a tree tlltecn years old. worked on a quince
'in l)loom — Raithiolcpis illdlCd, a lar;;e idant in ).ro- '*}"*•'«: '^>'l'»te..r a hciutiiul ..rani,"; color, and e-XceedlllKly lair; sU-m

_ „ • 1 I i. 1 .1 ' i^ I ■•'horf : c.ilyx lar,'c. oj. -n ; hasln wi.le an. I in...leratclv deep, lu J.

fuse llower, with ahoUt one dozen Otiiers. I |- .m tlw \ tra. llv.apniHraiice is ltschl.tfeconuiien.lat!..ii.

«!<im ^ ^.mrce w\'^rc a h-indsom.* hoiKniot S(»t it, m mnsisi I ^ "*• 'i'l»"' K-'ini. a native ..f llerk-i i'..\nity; small, roiimiish. indlnlnK
sam . SOUTH v>v.u. a num-^uiui. oou'nu l Mt i iii ,i muss | to conical, ul a wax.-n yellowish white color; st.-m Ion',', sleii,i,.r. |,,.

vase, and a lar^'e moss hasker, displavlnir <!ii)it'" cut '^erted in a wide shall. )w cavity: calyx ^mull, d.ised, set in u pUUk'd.
a .1 I ... -I ' ,. -1 Marrow. \. TV sM|>.'rliclal hasiii; tiesh w liitf. tender, •-L'ood."

fjowcrs ; -unoni:; till' latter w:i-; a s|)ikf of ;u» ;ur pliiiit ti. ^. ■.. r i^- . . ,

the fVa^r.'int Stanli "jMii maculuta. |ii-t'stMitinu' a wa.\-
en-likc !i|>]>»'arani'i'. ;iii(l -kJiI form. I\')h Tt <'oriu'li-
us' ^ar<i''iii'r ;i1>m luMuiilit a dcsi^Mi and lta->k''t ol se-
lect llowcrs. ri'Miiaiain ( lulli,--. a LcaiitHu! hand Ixai-
quet. Uf Irnii, Sainu-l < M t .'.xiiiliittd >rvi n v:iricti''^
of apples : Kohert Corn.iius' ^aiilrncr, thii'f kind^.
Mrs. 'I. W. Saiitii, sev(Mi vari'tics .»!' pfars, s.inn' ol
them ver}' line; and Ka i^* !>. IJaxt'T, a <liNh .»f Passe
Colniar pears. Tliomas M-'c^hran, u:atdener to I'.
Cornelius, a fine display of Ve<j;etaltles.

The Committee on plants and linw er> reported tli''
followini^ awards : — I'hinfs invots — i"<>rthe he^ttwdvi

The ('.uninittee uf Fin inee rejK)rte.i up m tli ■ Tr,
sin-er's seini-anniial sta'^eni"!it, niitino; tliat tlu'v
tound the s;i!M"' eorreet, ;ind alluding: to th.' lav(.r;it(ln
ciinditMn .)i" tie' in\estnient>, entii Iniliiiif; with tiir r!>.
('i>niiiiendaii<di of t!ie re-election ol the pre--nt Trca-

air.T.

Tiie j/ihrai-y Coniinitteo rcjiorted the names of
ni 'inli'-rs delinfjiient l^ r lines diie.

Th-' spei'ial (,\)nimi;tee to whom w;i- rt'C.Tri'il the
jir opo-e;! amendments, >ulimitted a, report, \\liii'h, on
imdion, lies ovt^r for c >n-^ideration.

-V packa:;.' eoni ai iiinj,' a sp.'eim''n oi" a ni\v k!iii| of

to Thomas Meehan, -ardener to C. C<»po. PJanf in I ^':^:^^^!l']T^.l'lz'^!y^ T^'^Tv^'^'^c

a })ot — lor the best speclm.'ii linphiohpi^ ntUc'i, to

the same- BoiKjnet desif/ii — f(»r the best, to 'flnmias

Me^'hran ; for the seecmd best, to Thoma- .Meelum ;

for the best hand Ixniquet, to Benj. (Julliss; for the

best basket of cut flowers, to Thos. Meehan ; and for

the second best, to Thos. Me«;hran.

The Committee on fruits report as follows:

Pears. — For the best ten specim 'n<. Passe C .Ini ir.
to Isaac I). Baxter; for the sec'Hi 1 l»est. tli ■ IJoerrc
d'Aniou,to F. (jouin, ^ardtmer to Mrs. Smith. A/'plrs
— For the best ten sp'cimens, the Xewioun Pippin,
to Samuel Ott; for the next bcist, the same kind, to
Thomas Meo;hran.

The Committee notice a fine colle<-tion of Fruit,
preserved in jars and cans by Pr. -i. 11. ]'i mih. .u''''.
of D'jlaware City, which they will examio'' ie'real-
ter, and ^ive the result in fie' text ad int'Tim i-eport.

Tlie Comm'.tt e ,,n vc j-ct J)le> awarde-l the j>remi-
um for tlie best disjilav. by a pri\ate irardenei-, to

Tiiomas Mcghran. i^ardener to K. Comrliu^.

AD IN !•;;;; ni iiKi'oirr.

i'iiii,U)i;i.i'iii \. .Jan. 17, l^:^>.■}.
To the President Pennsylvania H.)rtknltnral Society:

The Fruit Conunittee. 1« snhmittimr th«'ir usual a'l int'rijn report,
embraci- the op[>ortnnity ot"rctnrni!ii: th.irthinks to those contributors
wim have, at various time-;, so kitidly and irenerously j)laced before
them specimen-* of so inanv .it tli'- niilive fruits of 1*< in--yl\ aula. 15e-
lievuK, as we do. trom the e\ i.lence alrea.ly in ouri» >ssessi.»n, that our
C.)mmonweaIth cmtalns many choice varieties of fruit : that liersoil
ftinl climate are naturally well adapted to its culture: and that her Ikm*-
tioultural re^(mrces re.juire. lor their devclopju'Mit, eomhine.l action a-^
as well IndivMual exerti.»n— wchail with ph-asure the elt.irtsnow bein^
lua.le I'or the .inranizatl.t'i of a State l'om.>los,dcal S.iciety.

Since the stated meetinif of our Society in December, the followin;.:
fruits have been submitted for ex.imin.itlon :

From Mr. N'icho'.as Lott. of Upadim;. through Mr. II. F. Boa-<— speci-
mens (d' the Rea.lln-i pear. This variety Is extensively eullivateil In
the vicinitv of Keailini.'. and is bellev.'d to bo a n.itivcof lierks county.
8l/.e medium, pyrilorm. taiieriU!.,' \n thecr.iwn: skin i:reeinsh yellow,
w'itli numerous rus<et ti.ds; s^em an Inch lonu. slender : basin narr.tw
and super:Uial: tlesh uTcenish white, altoun linj,' in Juice of a mild and
aiireeahh- tlavor: cjuality at k'ast "u'ood."

From Mr. Charles Kessler. also tine specimens of the above pear.

From >Ir. I'aschall .Morris. (»f West Chester.— An apple known to the
RTower. who r<'side«< in the lower part of Chester county, "only by the
name of the White Spit/enburL'."' "The tree."' .Mr. .Morris remarks, "is
12 or 14 years old. ami has produced this season .>ver four barrels of
fruit. It is aconstaJit be irer every year, and the tVuit is always fair,
and will keep till March." Size rather lar..,'e. roundish oblon«: skin
^rreenlsh vellow. with a faint blu.sh; stem short, rather stout, inserted
In a deep! open cavity; basin moderately deep, furrowed; flesh tender
l)leasant, "nood."

From Mi-. D. llousum— M.uo specimens of Tlousum's Red, which
fullv sustain the favorable opinion ^'iven of it in our last a.l interim re-
port. Mr. llousum informs us that the specimens were from a tree In
Lebanon county: and that it is b«'lli'ved to he a native of Berks coun-
tv; period of m ituritv from OctobvT to February.
'From Mr. P. Ilousuni— Specimens of a .-eedllnir apple from tlie pre-
mises of Mr. John BochtoKl, near Stourchbur^^ Sl/o mo Hum, grcja-

nninication, ;j:ivin;^ its historv. Irian .\. II. l!in,st,of
tie' <':neiMnati I P a't ieultiiral Society, sNliifli was r (Mid
and the peas referred to the C.'nimittee lor tho Dis-
trilaition ..f Seeds, etc.

A small box of California Seeds was presented in
the name of C. A. Shelton, of Sacramento City, and
referred to the Commitiee. Adj. aimed.

TIIOS. P. d.V.MKS, Kec. Sec.

Th ' Annim, Mm iiMi was oi'iianized by Cftlling
('.\PK!; Popi: tM ih,' Chair, and appointiii-- i'u\fi.
P. Haves Secretary, and tie' el- eiiiai jiroceedcd with,
wliie!: resulted in the re-election of the following uf-
ticers :

President— Gen. RolJKPT PATTPllSOX.

A'ie" Presidents — lames l>unda"<, Joshua Long-
stre;li. i;. W. Kevser. ^\'. P. P>cincklc.

Tri-a-^urcr — lolm Thomas.

('orro-pi'iiiliiio- Si'cretarv — fhonias P. Percival.

Keea'dinir .'^. eretarv-- Th'dnas. P. dames.

Pr<d\.'s.-or (.){' Fntoinoiugy — Smmel S. llaldciu;iii,
A. .M.

Prof.'ssMr of Botanv — ^V;n. Parlin-.:ton. M. P.

Pror.....,,r ni ]Pjrticultural<'h,.ml>try--P-!'^ H.iro,
M. I).

-•♦^

Icntrc C'ountN .V^ricultural y.jcicty.
We have received from our friend, J. M. McMiun.
a foil a- • ain* o! tlw lirst exhibition ^^i' this Society,
whicb appears to have bt^en a v ry s[)iritiHl one, and
au<^urs well for the future. We re;rret that ourspacc
will not allow us to publish the awards of premiums
in extenso. We copy the following :

"Thl^ Kxhibltion was held on the f.th, 7th and-^th
of Octob(M', on the farm of II. N. McAllister,_Es.j.,
a short distanee to th" east of tlie borough of i3<^l''
fonte. It was extrdnely creditable to our county
and :ill were gratified with the fine disphtv of ttie
productions of our farms and ^.-ardens. N ory le
articles of inferior worth were presented, and tne
jud^^es acknowledged their inability to dibcrirninaie
justlv, in almost every department of the i'^x»»'^'
tion.''

I

1W2.]

— .-, "•'^- ^^^^y-K i-oii Tin: MoxTir.

-The whole K.vhibition exceeded the most sanffnino'uarv n is ' • o 7;"'™""' "^ " '■--^- .^.^

expectations of its most ardent frien.ls, and Wat th /r n '" "^ Huu.so,in the city of licadins.

credit is tiuo to the exhibitors, many of wh.mi sn^r- ! ^'';/""7'"S -ere oloctea oflleern for thccn«uin,. year ^'
cd neither pains nor expense to make it resmw.foMn . '•e'*"iont— Dr. Join, I-. Iloi.ster.

" ■ . , . ' '•"••"J wi vviKjiu spar-

ed neither pains nor expense to make it respectable •
especially is praise due to our very worthy citizen

H.N.McAlbster,whoj,'ratnitously furnished crn.Miid'
buil.lin-s, and every fmulity for the exhibit7on, and'
whose lar;:e display of stock and a;.,rricultural imple-
ments contributed so larcr(.|y to the interest .-f the
Lxhihiti(»n."

The display appears to have embrae-MJ, b.^Hides
agricultural impleTuent^. a lar-- numher of very fine
horses, of hi -;h blood, and also lor .Iran-ht. ' Tho

roiig

^ .CO I res.dcnt«-IIenry Shubort, Henry S. Kunp

'>rre..pondin^ Soerotary-Augu.stus F. *I]oa.s
i.eeor.ling Secrotary-IlculH'n F. Urown.
Trea.snror— Adam Lei/c.

»OI{lv I ()K IBIi: M()\ llf.

|;;-'- -'''n.maybeealN.lihe ],., lei..,,, „.,,,,,
""^''"'^'•"' •'---'"- ^ — m.nein.aenu..,,,.

I

w

h bred and ;;rad.' eattle. most of th.^ f;,,„,,, „j- 'f'^^^^ -ut of door., j^ut li,,],. mnvn~^r-uihyZA

;- t.'<;i'>.-..iinvtionsofh.. ,,,,,, ,,^^;;^;

)evon blood, Sh.M'pof a rm., be[vve..,i the P.tke- ' J /." ^' "I'-rve -lireefions of l;,.t ,„,,„j,, ,,.^^,^; .^
svll an 1 S mfhdown ; swine, poultry, dairv products | "'''^''^•' "'" "'""'' ^"' '^^^^ '^''-i'-^^ the uhole ..,son

mil lim.v. Pruit in <'onsid.'r.ihle varietv and ..fve-l'"''^ "^' ^'" ^ '''"' '^ '''''-''y^ '■-'■^'U- im- use. Hhv all
0- ''"•■ '!'>.!iry, eonsistin,:: of apple., p,,,,., j,|,„„,_M''''^y^=""l'"l..a-imnhaa..nts and tools examin..! and
p.^aehes, .pnne.s and -rapes. Of the bitter, W C ; I^"^ '" l-^-f ori.r: aPo ;;.:tr.. Haul f-n.-in- nia
Warm:: ...alhited ^pe.i.nens ni a new native s-.d- T. '''"'"' ^^'''' '"" '" '"' ''""^- ^^^^^" 'i^'i!>^ ">.e
hn,,cal!..l t!r-;i.llv ;,rape." ./. m. MeM.nn aPo = ' ! '''"^ '''' '''^' -w^, -iP.-s and fattenln.^ ani-
exhihiteda n^^v native ;;rape, .f a "peculiar .pi.v '"^!'''

flavor." We should he pi,,,.,, t„ f.,,, ^, ^,^^^. ^^,^;_ '^'^' " ^^'^'" ^ '="— Tab. oT eutt in^rs of .,oose|..M-.i.H
tiug.s ol tiiese for testin^j; m this re^^ion

andcurra.M>, an, burytfiem^ -'f their hawth in the
'""^''^'""^-^'••^ '•-P!:tntin. out; also .pdnee ...it-

^^ * 'li-pliy of lar-e .pe^.ini.Mis nf vecrotables

wasaP. made, and ^ampl-s of wh-'at, corn and ..ther I ""^" ^''^''^ ''' "f'^''"' !'"=^''' H'""- ••''•Tries', p,,,,,,;,

grams; timothy hay, flowers, and artiel.s of .hanes- """' "''■■"" '

tic manufacture ; the latter .,uite extensive. There
was also a ploughing match, and a trial of the sub-
soil, which "worked well."

-••^-

T.cdwiwn T.,u„,ia„. (h.-ster County Aff.I.uIt,,,,,]

The first anniver^arv mertin- .,[' fh,. Tr.'dvfTnn \cr
ncuhura Society, wa; held at^ln/si V ' C romn
U^^^^^^^^^^ on Monday ev.'nin,..the:>d in. Lt
hefo lowmg per.m. were eloef.d Uflicers .-f th- S.^
tiety f(jr the ensiiHi- v,..^j. viz:
President— dacol) .Massi'v
^^••o Pr-..;denr-AVni. AValker. Sen
-'■or.l,n._^S,.rrefary-dnshuadones- .Jr

;;'n--p a.d.ni^r Se-avtary-Psaae IP Waik.T
Ireasurer-riutrles P. Mass^y

^•\'j;'J'- Ivins U'.alker.

'^:'M':'t:1'^;;^:i['^;;;-;;[:;:';,:-;,;:-ivoa

"'^'>H.nvl.,.uku„a„.l ,„• ,.,,.,1 i„ ,i,.u„,, s.nMlust'

or earth till want.l. 1!,.^ l«„ latter must bo cut l,e'
fore any nwelling of tl..- UuU has tak. „ ,,I:„... ,„-,((
in- the cherry will nut .succc.mI umIohh poH:,r„„.l v..'
r.v :-.nU: |:,„M,.,| |,„„.|, ,,.,„ ^^,,,i„|, ,^^^,, , ^^.^^^^^

may hosucc-ssCully -1,1. .:nLli.: 1, if i|„ i„„i.s |„v„„„t

:"■""""■ ^'"I'i'. -l'"-!.., ,hl.ni..nl|, „r,- ,,a„„iv,.

lo.suro, ally..,:,,. Inn, trees. r,„„i„. „,„„„„ |,^
atten.h-,! t... II,,,, I ,|.„,„ :,ll...p,,l,„„i, ,;,„.,. „.,„,,

-I """l'l'-v.u-i..,i..,.,vl,i,.|,,;.„i:,r.raCti„;;„„.||.„-„,.

'"-'"■"■'■'I'- ''■■^'^■'■-""■■■'ni,.. |,„>,,. |,,,,,„.,„.,,,„.

'■'■ni.,valan.,ll„.,-.,.;i.,„|, Iriin,!,. ,,r.. |,,„ hu t:.r

^'i-altlM- th.. yunw.j; sl,„„(. whirl, will 1„. thr.nv'i. „i,t
may Im; 1,i.,M,.,| th.. i:,ll.,ui„;; (all. „r ,-,..,.,.v,..| f„r
,:;niliin.:; th.. lull.nvi,,;; .,„■!„;:. Tw., s,.a.„i,.. at l,.a.f
■''"'I'l l>.'.'.v„|,i,.,| i„ ,.|,a„;:i„„. th.. h.-a.ls „f lar. '

•ri.. r ,. . ■ " '■ li,-|Itlill'-.;li,. .,.j .. ._ '

'"■""'"- '"■"■^. ■"•'■ -aryt.,,M.,-|;,n„ this,,,,,.,-!.

t,...,tl,.,r.„,.J,|y. <■„,,, „talli„.i,|..sh,„4san.lh,-anch,.s

which or,.w.l the hoad, an'l ar,^ „s,.|,.s.. Those limbs'

which have free access t., s,n. a„,| ai,-. a,-., th- fruif.

and praise \ r.^ f ' '"" '' •'"'•"li"" """ "^" '"^'^ '"'''''^^ *" ^"" a„.l ai,-, aiv th- f,-„|t.

p--ns who have ::.;:!irt:;:ii:,rr:i' ;;:':';i:';"^' ^'i' '"t- ^""' i-i-^'veonos. p„.a„..i„.. .,,„„,, ,„,.

mens to the .-are of ,|.o l.il.,!u-i ,, ;^' ,, ', ,.''"''1'; ' '"" ''' "' ' ••■""^- — f'mnr .n..,-,!,.. (a.1,1 .„ ,.f an

Acnnunittee^wasa n^ , , , .' '>"Uo .ab.,ut the consistency of ,,ai„,. (io round

Soveri ''''"''""' '" ""■ '''■•e'''^"'V. ' ' '"'" •l'>f'Ut ..„.■ thinl, «„h the pol.. ,,r„„l„..-sl„.a,s This

M.^ndiiy VrnTn'r.!nr,?'' ""^^"'•"''•s "' tl„. Society on '""' ''^"n very lolly ,„■„,,„ t., re.ult i„ larger nn.l C
P««i'i«n to encoura";^i;;rn4i:j"f '''•''' '''"'«'' J'^' "''^ '-it, a„.l ,aay be applicl f, oti,..,. tn.es beside,

t''« P'^nc'i- Apply the wash, beloro recommen.led,

'^"■''■■i Count,, 7Z~i. T~, *° *''""'' *"'' '"'■*^'' "'"''''■ t'fape-vines shouhl I,. ,„■„„'.

^^^'^^f^:::^'"'^^'::''''''-'^^^'^'''. f-^^^^'^-y- 'JVim gooseberries and currants.

'''"'•-aUndli^oZ,' as ^ ^ "■*' Couuty Ag- by cutting out old wood and br.anches near th,^

lorfoultural .Socety, hew on Tuesday. Ja„. ' ground, so as to give somewhat of the tree shap

"hV^

.•■Maliiaw

L-^

352 AVnftK FOR Tin: Mr.VTH I'ATENTS. Felriaiy

CatolKat ground ol<l rasplj'^rry-wood of last year's hands, which collect the ^nun in p;avels, and Jon^^

bca^in'^ and shortMi in tho new growth ono third, it in rear of the harvester, as Hpeciti.-d, as tho »!
'^ , , ,. . 11 . 1 > . n ehinerv moves f >r\v;irl. whc

bea^ln'^ and sliortMi in tne new growin one tiuni, t«^ •«• «^-'*' "i mu imi >»:rsi.-i, ua r^jnicnicu, as tho \n^

, '^ , , n ^ 11 1 „, 1 1 » !> ehinerv moves f .marl, when annlicil to macK;,.

Leave only four or five stalks to each i»lant. Kisn- r \ ,■ i- u ' • "''^< "inei

•'^ I I r,,r harv.'stm;; any j^rain which requires to l>e ,.fL

berries must hi w.dl iiituurod Lo !>-' productive, auM ],.,., ,.,i .,,,,} ,irj, ,.ir,Ml. thr- CMjnl.iintiM,, ).■ in^oonneT

moved to a new plaeo at least once in live years. II t--,! !,y ;:';iiiii;j- \\ itli tli- <iri\iiij: wh.'-l ,.i the harvf%

fro.stsh.Mild he out of j:;n)und by last of m uith, straw- ^'''> '^'"^ up.Taiin- thi-oii-li in ■(•hani»;tl d.-vicn gyi^

, , 111 1 I » 1 -^taiiiiiilv as described, as an aut<»inatoii, to Dcrfni-n.

iw.rrv )»,mU ni:iv b(» raked over, and short muim' III !• , . • .... ' I" riorn

be
ra

fr

berrv beds may be raked over, and sh«jrt m iiim' <lii:r
in between rows. A good coat of ashes should be
spread over the whole bed.

Ti.owEa (jAKi)E.v. — Sjo direetions for pr^/ious
months.

Vei;etaiilk (1\ki>i.n'. -M umrevsliMuld now be .• nn-
pr)sted and prepircd lor iV.ini ■-. Tuni over (u'ca^ion-
allv to a!l'''>v li 't -"['Mill t > pi-^^ir. Fi-oin the luiiMle

>^i anil lily as described, as an automaton, to pcrj;
the above specilie«l operations.

Stra\s <'i i I i.|{-.-— liy \\ a! reii (Jilc, (.f b..uisvil|(>
Ky. : I cl.iiin (jonstnictitiLr; the iMtatin^ eiirtin''cv'
liii'lci-. <oli^t;uit i.illy a^ d'-s.-riln- i, with ;i series 'if
jiarall'l annular 'jrouM's an i n'l_:i'-, an 1 a series of
eut!i!iLr arm- nr knivev, \i\ (•■nnliinalidii witii a >,.pi^
id lixi'd knives, -i 4'. . .i

so

arratigetl that tliey eiii.'r the

i:;roi)\es and interlock or lap past the annular ril'..)

. ..-.,. I,,. .,..,...., on the eyHnd'T, and iherehy prevent the stalks of

t,, th.- I:i^t ni thl^ niinth. irani"< ni iv he ..-t up, and -^traw, .'(.^•., in.in d.-scetMlin- lictw^M-n the jixd kniv.*

, 11.'. 1 » and c\ I'm ler, without bein j; cut, •<uh>itaniial! v ih v-j

Home cabba--", lettuc, radish, toni.itoe . r-^-plant ^.^^^.^j^* '^ ^' ■'' -

atid nenper-seed >o\vn for <■ irly planhu;^. '1 he two ,. ,., * /< . r *r .^^

'^" ' i'^ I t -^ f ^ I'l.ows- — 15v >> ni. A. (iat«^s, of Mount ((.mfort

latter re. piirc rather ni mt h. Mr r'lm the others an. 1 '1',.^,,.: 1 claim the rhomhoidal ]d ite. h.-nt en one
should have a sopara'-' Iimui", au'l n "ver allowol to ,,|" Its diagonals, and con><tructe<l and arran'jjoil suV
become chilled. Selcol a -le'lt-re I p!a •■• for hot hed^ stantially as descril. -d, so th;it either h-at' can t.*

, ., c \ ■] \- ,■!*«•.. used a^ a lan^l-side or share, at pleasure, the vdz^t
on the south side of a '.u;Mi!i- or tight fence. 1 , ,1 . • » .1 1 » • ^

^^ . . • , '*^ the snare liecoming, wlieii the plate is revorsed
After seed is sown, constant attention is required. ' ^« j ^ ^i- - i !i ._ 1 .k _ / .. . .'

«'i »...> ....... ......._,, ....... .... plate IS revorsed,

, . I the ed/2;e8 of the i.^il side, and those of the land*

Ojver with straw mats in nights an I in c »] 1 weather, side, the edge>^ of the share, in the
and give air occasionally on fin'' day«^.

vSiiouid il )>e n"cessary to let oil" >t.'am. cover with
Romething to keep out C(dd, and prevent a check tu
bed or plants. Radish and Beet seed, early vartetie.s,
may be sown on a rich warm border in op n ground,
for early use, as soon as fro<t is out of the -r -un,!
Cover with str.iwin -evere writlnr.

By latter part of inin'li. l-xfa F. u-ly Te.i^ may b'
planted in rows for early cr tp. an i a! -o I itatoes, nu-uiHie ]>uiii'm m, ,'^'^ m-n in- v .n .-^(.u^- " n. ..u. ui
Rhubarb may be forced l.\ .-.aei-in^' pl.anis with a rectly upon the reeeiving arms, ami be ilicn.-*' di»-

1 nil- -,1 . ,,. i' ..t;,.., t ,;. charj:ed in Imndles upon the gr(Mind as si't f' rth.

barrel and fllbn"' up wit li m itiure. t, ontinu-' to gi\ .• - 1 ^ ...

iKirrti, .uiu „ I . . 1- I i,i.iN(. MiiJ.^.- By \\ u\. h. I nderwiMui, ofMid-

air on fine days to plants of la^t y-ar^ sowing, m ,ii,.||.,i,i_M.i_ . 1 rlaim the comhinaiion M' the sUip,
cold arnl forcing Irame-^. I me<-h;inism or it^ <'<piivalent, with the screw |«iillpj

F.v last of'month. if weather isjopeii.f .rk in manure | and the ela-tic baml leading to the pulley on the up-

1 1 1 ,;,-. .. , I .,.t;r,.l ,lr..<v;i,,r ,,r ' per roller, whereby the whole machine is f-topped.

on istiirafus Ii.mU and "^ ye a ]• eutiiui (iressinLT oi i , ' . • . , ... 11

on .i-para„u . . .., 1 o ^^.j^^^^^ ^,^^, ^^^ ^^.^^^^^ ^^^- ^j^^. ^.j^^jj^ ^^ .^rrested m tlu' man-

f^all. i^Mr described, an. I ceases to impart motion to theu[-

p(»r roller.

m, inner and for
the j»u rposes specified.

(iijMN Tiiiii>nKi:s A\n ( 'i.i:a nkrs. — Uv J. Jonpi
\ A!'X. Lvle, of lloch-'^ter. \. v.: W/ cl liai the
eomhinatiftn of the upriglit threshing and scpar.itini;
c\lireler< with the uprii^ht concave an 1 cylindrical
sieves operating in the manner set forth,

Mm/.f H vF{VK<rr.its. -Uy d. F. IImih, ef Mmnt
I'ulaski, 111: 1 claim the ;iriMngem"nt of the shaft
of the receiving arms, with one end restitii.^ up">nthe
t'utler bar piece, thereliv di-^jten^in^ with ;ui inter-
mediat<' ]>latf>rm, so that the cut s;alk> \vill fill di-

■<•••

Guenon on Milrh Cows.

WiNNowiN.; Ma< iiiNRs.-— By Samuel (\uihy, of

^ FHicott's >F:lis >F1. : I claim the comblnatien ofth*

lu answer to applieatioii-. from difT.Tent sections ; pi..,p,n. rack-rods, pinion, v, lives and eccentric pul-

,A the State f^r "liuenoi, on milch cows," we reply • ley, iti conncetion with a conducting chest luui l)lu»^

^' . , , , ., r •>-! » •., 1 er, f>r the automatie graduation or go\crnni •nl "i

it can be furnished by mail for .i^^ cents, remitted -

postage paid in advance.

-*•*

,1, l.ri 1.1.. .. .. I. .....IV .■ ^i .*■....... .. . ^

the bla^t througli t lie spouts, of a winiiewin^Miii
chine, arranged an*! operating in the manner anaJ'f
I the purjx'se set forth.

I Ih-.cKi.iN.; Fi \x ^^nl^F:MI^ — Bv d. F. .Vrimld, (^
■ F.uisvill". Kv.: I do not c-ntine mvsi'lf to ;uiv pa^

5. 1ST OF P ATF.VT rr AIMS

Issued In.m the Tiiltcd States I'atent Otfice. .-......,., . i"' ,"- ,, , , L.ni!

.1 tieul.ir form or arrangem-nt ot tlie paits, sn i>f"K

We shall hereafter coiuinue a m 'inhly n 'tico <»f'l^|^,, m icliine i'^ so coii^trueted that it will operate »i
all patents issued from the Patent Olhcc relating to , ,.et lorth.

a<^ricultural imtd^an^ait. and machinery, f.r the' 1 cl.tin. the ,n .le. 1 of heckling l.enin U^^^^^^^
^ ' Ml'' It to the action oi a series (d mi\e.l h".u< ■

month preceding the issue of our p.apcr. I oo'uib^, the te-tli of the latter b-in- of varyin- l"nr^°

RaivES to GftAiN II vKVKSTHlis. — F>y deaniiM At- I —some <d" them projecting so far. aiwi ';^!|''''^ '"'^''

lUivES TO (Uain 11 vkvKSTHHS. — r>v .JeaniiM At-l— someol tliem proiecnngso i.ar. ano ouh ■ .
kins, of Chelsea, III. : I do not cntini mys-lt to the I the beaters, an>l the whole operating substantial J

exact mechanical devices ami arrangements «lescrib- set forth.

^ " ... 1 .1 1 .i:»:,..i 41... ., -^of l..,,.:,ir,. .^ nni.r..xv wh»f nnen at one f^

t^XiUJt luuv mill i\- «*» x.v » .v^v/.. .- -• ^ ---

cd, for operating the rake, as they may be m jditied,
or others substituted for them.

I claim the combination of the crane post, rock- tui* fno m me v vim ivi .^v t...v. ./
shaft, and crank, to operate the jointed arm and set forth.— *Sc'i>/(///ic Arnerican.

Also, a rest, having a narrow slot open at one ^^
in combinati<m with a concave projectin;:; K^''^'
the end of the cvlinder at the open end of the res

tlGHT BINDING TEXT GUT OFF

'&' .-z

_ . w - - / - "^ . -^ ~

•"*^«'

YOL. 2. WFST CIIFSTEK, PA., MAIU1I, 185:1 NO. 12.

•tMJm immim-m^mmmw*

Tin: FAKlI.lollKNAL

.). I.. DaKLIXCThX. Fi.iToi:.

A. M. SPANGLFK, Assi.sTA.NT EniroK.

A<;i:\ rs.

Till. I-'arm Jul K.NAi- may I'c had at the following
places : —

\W B. ZiEiiER, South 3d, St., principal Agent for
Philadtdphia.

C. M. Saxto\, F52, Fulton st. New York,

AV. IF ,^i-\v..i.rR, - - Lancaster, Fa.

W V . .^r\N(;LLR, - - - Colimibia, Fa.

<o;o. r.iiioSKii, - - - Uarrishurg. Fa..

II. MiMK. Fittshur-, Fa.

.1 I' SiiKv.^rK, - - - rii::m!MM-iiuig, Fa.

il. ^F Kauiins, - - - Carlisle, Fa.

A. I.. W \i:i ifci.D, _ . A,,i k. Fa.

^^_^' F'^Mi.K. -f Alt-'oTia, llliiir i'.Minty, i^ our au-
thorized agent i.-r IMair and r.ntre courities.

A. f,. Fkadv, riuubei'laml and Ferry C(uinties.

•h'^. Fkk-tc.n. Ivennett Square, for Chester and
iJel.iware couiiti(^s.

doNATiiAN !>oR\VART, Lauca'^ter county.

AMiuiosF. Fori.To.v, Bu(d:ingh.am, for Bucks co.,

^AMiKi, IF Wootj, ^^)rri<t(CA■n, f(u- >F'ntg(unery <'o.

An<l of Hooksellcrs Lreiicn'-ill v.

I^K)t C'uHure.
The cultivation of routs for otock, either a-' a main
alternating crcp, or even an important adjunct to our
winter supplies, has as yet made but li-tle progress
in ]*c!ui.«ylvania. We ji,,l,i it to be part of the i)ii-
/?mY'(/ Kyjstem of fariij man.'igenient vshicl, is sl.)wly
but surely making its way to public favor, .anl is eer-
tim eventually, to make au important itcuu of our
farm products.

Like many othctr innovations on the old system,
the progress of root culture has been retarded bv too
friuch b^dng claimed for it. We do not believo "tlnit
m the Fnited States, for feeding and fattening stock,
roots are ever going to supplant Indian corn? which
has been aptly styled both meal, meadow and ma-
nure, and without doubtmakes a return per acre more
intrinsically valuable than any other known product
0^ the soil

III Fngland, where the ctiliure of lurnijts and other
roots, is con.>>idered the i'lisi.-^ of govid hushaiidrw as
W( 11 alsi.t as in Fl,ind'i'<. (serniany and I'l-auce, our
Indian coin do(s not ii.airi-h to the same (b'^roe as
here, and theri- can he no ar-umeni drawn from
thence to inde.,-e the cultivation uf ^o^»l.^ h'Tc to any-
thing ajtproa(diing the .same cKtent.

Iii'lian <',oru yiehis, on analy.-is, ah^ut 'HI jut cent .
ornn a crop of (j!) bushels to the acre, over o,F.JU ihs.
(d nutritive matter, to say nothing of the value of
the fodder and the crd>s. Turnips, siiirar-l ts, car-
rots yield on the othei- hand, hv analv.-is, 85 to 00
per cent, of ir^ifrr, v.itli only Hi to 1,") per cent, of nu-
tritive matter. 'risonlv(Ui account of the large yiehl
per acre, that any i:iv(e-ahle com]>arison can be made.
An aire of land, un ho- good c«ilti\ ation, can he ni.ade
to yield \i{) tons of turnips vr carrot--, or till, 0(10 ll,.s_
Ten per cent, of nutritive matter, ^^ill he (i.(»(/0 ll,s.
This, however, is a full crop, and to ni.ake the com-
parison more just, tiie coi'u should he put uj) to 5^0
or loo bushe/s j»er acre, which will give it the prece-
dence over the roots, corisidering the value (d' the
fodder. Uo(»ts com])are morc^ fav(U'ably with wheat,
oats, or barley. Tliirty huslnds of wheat to tiie acre,
yieldsonly LSOO lbs. O.it- about tlcsaiU" wei-dit at
r»0» bushels to the acre. We value root crops not i.s
a substitute in feeding or fattening, for Indian coiaior
oats, but as an imporlant adjunct, bywdiidi they can
eatdi lie nia<b' more etricict^t, and we tliink it ilic in-
terest of every farmer who has J 00 acres oi land, to
apf)rr>j)riate at least one or two acres <o tlieJi- culture.
Tlu;y yield, in the hr.^L [dace, a\ciy large amount of
nutritive mj^ttor per acre. They are not so exhaust-
ing to the cr.;] as grain crop.s, but melif)rate jiud im-
prove it, and l.y their succulent and jui'-y nature,

1 afTord a fair substitute for grass, promoting health
and digestion, and by this indirect action, increase
the value of other food, enable the farmer to winter

[more stock, and greatly augment the heap of the
barn -yard. In Kngland, cattle \i.r (ijltttcncd on tur-
nips. There is no occasion to try this here. "Where

I the food is so little concentrated, it must of course

I

m^>

>t'^y^^f'

3r>4

KDTTOrjAL

M

I

ARrg

take much l„ngcr tU:in whoro grain i. uso.i. Neither

must the value of anv A„„l be ju.lgod entirely l.y the

degree of coneenlratic.n of nutritive matter. ni,.|,lv

concentrate,! foo.l al„ne, would not M.pport life or

health ,n animals without a certain amount of bulky
matonal.s to produce the re<iui«ite expansion.

All fattening animals .hould have a certain portion
of rootH each day through the winter, but they are
part.eularly necessary for cows, y„„ng stock and
sheep, tows in m,lk may thus be k,,.! in nn.fit
through the winter. When carrots are o.,.,| , ;,,

attor has a (i,.. ye„„. ,..,I,„. .,,ve,,oal , , ' ,7'' i""'";'"' ' :'■•■■"•-'' l"— - i.^\'n,.,h

>i-l. "li.U the farmer i. „|,„„ .,,i.(ie,l, H he ea„

take them out to pastui- i„ „. ,/ / -,„„/,y,„„ a. ,1,,.,.

were put int.. n,,, v:,,-.l ii, ihe fall.

White un.l ,uu l,a,.,clur.,i,,.-, su^ar-beets, ea.-,„N

••O •A * •r-v n ».^ i. 1 1 ■

h^ast onco a week till planting time. Everv I " ^
"iXwill destroy millions ol weeds, by ,i ''■ i
l-t sun. as fast as they germinate, and weCT '
.-.urpnsed at the effects of this ]„,,., i ^'^^

tillage for the Hubsc.uontgromh of th;'e';r'?
excellent plan.recon.n.ende.l by, and we belli, '
.nat,ng with Professor M.pes. is to sow longj '
iad,sh in c.jual parts «,u. ,l„. carrots. Tl,L
'•i' -luiekly. serving to indicate the row, a,i,!v"'

o'^'^v,,,,.;. .i,l,„ „u;vato,. ao/ . ''>^

"> — i-. .H.e,,,rr,.r,le.n;aonei::;,f*'

ill,. >,,,;i I .1 ''I' '"wii

parsnips, potatoes, cabbages, are all „se,l wi,l, „,„,.«
or less favor iu different section- „r ,|„. c.,„,„rv as
food for stock. We have had some experience : „„

each of those, and raised one season 1200 ,,„.l„.l. „,' .1- la-fra, .he'ra,.. .,f or,,;',, '"*' I
sugar-beets, which we fed „;,i .,. . I ;„..: ,, . _ "■ W'O .i>s lo the acre are I

I'i-fcssor Wilkins,,,, ..f .M„n„t Airy- -loi; i,,"';",

;;'."":'■'■ "■^- "' - '"ill'--niei.„t,a,„lalU.fo

'""""'7V""- " ■^''■-'''1 only 1,0 planl,.,! ,,„ i„t

Jeep. II w,.,l n,!,l,e,i l,c,w,.en ,1,,. ),an,ls „ «,-,i

prevcn, „ss,ickii,^..„;^,.,h,.r. h, all root culture it

«lioiil,I be r,..ii,.„ib..,.,.,| pl„o;,l,ing aiel s,n„„i|i:.

heavy ma ,n- unn harny.ir,! manur.- „r f;uau.,,

sugar-beets, which we fed u„|, ,,„a, a.han.a.^e
Ihey require to be gathered bef ,rc hard lr.,sts, wIpcI,
affect a chemical change in the saccharine matter, on
which their value much depends. The difference of
opinion as to the value of the sugar-beet, is, perhaps,
owing to neglect in this particular.

The ruta baga is easily nxh,Hi, pro.l,,, ;„■. 1 >m
bushels to the acre, anl interferes less wish He. lar-
niers time at the busy season than either beets ,,r .ar-
rots.but they are m.tsonutritious. Aft.a- ~.,win.--,l,„nt
midsummer, no attention is re,|„ire,l till alb' r bar-
vest. In corn, oats, wiicat, the predon.ina.n, • prin-
ciple is starch in connecti.ni will, ,-I,iten 1,, p,„a

toes starch is „nit,.,l with albomen in about the same
rrnporn,,n.a> will, Jul.nin wln.at. Turnips hav,-

'■■-> s(a,vl, a, 1,1 nitro,r,.n„n. coiup„„n,!s than parsnips

7 '■"■'■'"- ■^"'' '''- I- ^"-''■. i;-ls ,.,ntain about
^" l-i- ■• 'ot. ol .Migur, una carrots aiol j.arsnips :, i,,
' per cent.

According to Johnston, an acre of carrots of 1(100
husheKs, of GO lb.s. each, contains more nn„i,iv,.
matter than any other crop of either roots or .-r.iln
excepting Indian corn at 100 bushels to the a,-,e an.l
oven this ,1 the value of the fodder is not estimat,.,l
Carrots require more of the season to n.atu.v ,|,,u
either of the other crops menti,med, and greater oare
in management, but from the experience of son,,- ol
ur bo St cultivators, we arc inclined to think, are on
the whole, to be preferred. The .seed is Ion,- in ve„
etatuig. and is apt to be ch,Aed with the weeds l„T.
th.8 is the fuuU of the farmer, and may easily be
prevented. In all root crops, but especially with
carrots, let the ground be thoroughly plowed and sub-
so lod very early in the spring, if „ot done in the
fall, which IS better, and then harrow thorou,^hly at

ind.sp.MisitMt^ tn sutv...<. Carrots aro latfr^rlv much in
domaw] as f„„l jor horses, aivl ho\\ rra.lih'a the lir- i
ery 8tabl«,vs in our iar-o cities, from '^b to 50 cents per
bushel. The proportion of two bushels of oats ao-l
one of carrots, keeps a liorse in finer condition,' and
giV3fi a )M>tttM- coat than ;; hush.'l,-. ,,f oat.-.

-••»-

DircrtioMs ihr IMantinir Trees.

As the season is at hand for pLmtin- out fruitand
ori,:ui,..nl;t! trees, we give a few phiin directions. It
IS a hackneytMl su)>ie<;t, hut ,t i. of -o much conse-
4U>nrr. to he o-rnrtlv .hnu-, that w-' may i..« rxcus-
ed for callln- attention to it a-ainat tin's tiiae. 'IVre
am many vxcvi^hm^ 'tis true, hut fVom our own ob-
s.'rvation, it appears to ho the i/mnal impression tluit
tlu' ])hint('r discluvr-cs his W^o/r ^hi/fj }y incurrin-
th<^ o.xp.Mi-c ot payini: the nnrsi-ryman for a tn-. ni-
km^- it horn.', and cov.'rin^r t}j,v r,,,,^^^ crammcl into a
small Iiole. with cirtli oin)u;rh to kcpn it in an ni.ri^ht
position, nv. prr/)ap-, in some cases, with extra care,
prevonting its fa 1 ] i ng over by being secured toft stake, j
Other moiv important <liities tlien engage his atten- '
tion, and il'thc tr.'e docs n,,t thrive, ar gets broken
down hy the eatlle, or if. witlnn a short time, it does
not produce some very lino fruit, equal to any in the
m.irket, the conclusion at once is como to that there
must be some mistake in the variety or in the health-
iness of t]u> tree, or that Iruit-i^rowinf'- i.- unprufita-
hie.

X'w, it slionld 1)0 recollected that a tree or shrub
is an organized living structure, having organs of
nutrition, circulation growth, assimilation, and
that every violent injury to these, or interruption
to their functions, as iu transplanting, affects, more
or less its health and vitality. The object in planting

rjarouiAL.

.'^r)5

\^^:^A __^^ _._. .„_ , . _ „ ,, _. _ „ „ „.__,_„..„

• ti r)la<'<> 't und<T circumstances to resuino these frequent failures in trans[)lanting cherry than other
fiin'tions 'vvilh th<' least injury and delay, and to ^ fruit trees.

)in»tc it^ future growth and vigor. Firsts in re- : Trees shouM not be planted for orrhnl colttirf in
j.ppct to prep.ning Indes : the size of these depends ground laid dt>vvn to grass, but should be kept nnlrr
on die niz" of th'' roots, but should be at least one i cultivation for a few years, at least. A cro)) of corn
to tw«' f<'''t \N'ider tlitm they reach, so as to ailmit of j w.ll be no injury the first season, if the exhaustion
tl («ir extending readily in their early growth into the . of the soil is nnido up, and afterwards, potatoes or
/.„></• earth. TIk'V should be about two feet deep, and !<'' ti'i' li "d crops should oidy b<' .ohm!!, I. ('lov(;r
fiurfiice soil, leaf nnmld or a compo.-si i'-rmetl tj two "'0 h.- > <\\\\, and ninam lor a r aipl,' ol y-'AV-, and
1) irts rich earth, with one pai't of bai-n-yard manuri- ' then )»•' plos -d dou n, a^ an ahi rn.iti ,n, w It li p .tatocK
T,rfpared some months befbrohand, h" lill.'d in arouni! "i" otlnr riM,t-^. W In-n tlii< i- d^Mir, cart' niu>L ho ta-
tle' roots and -in ill fibres, He- p,io]-f-t earth Immu^ k-ai to Icavo no ruhhi>!i as harhoj- ioi- inioc. As re-
T)la<MMl on the surface. S-nn' )i!.antri"s niakt; liolc-s ;j;ar<ls varirtir^ id (ruit,wo rofrr to li>i in lornnT
.''i to f) fe(it in diametei*. Th'- hirL^or the hole and ' n'lndu'r, (d" Aiu'-riean I 'oniolt>^Mral Soi-iotv, nn^rtdy

Miiiintitv of ricli, loose enrih, th.' nn.i(.' rapi^l will he
the growth, and earhor tie' profit.

Avi/id especially >]>'<'\\ planting, one (d' tin- most
common errors, and m '«i tatal. Altir tie' earth is
settled, tiie tree should stand ahoni tie- sain-' depth
jis beftu-e. Ihjlvt*rizo tlie ('arlli \\eli, and when the
hole is 3 lull, a huekot ot water poured in >eti!,'s it
well and th(;roughly about the tihres, leaxiiiLT no
hollows which oft'jii cause deeay, hut hi-Inyin:! it in-
to contact with every part. Avoid the too coinnmn
practice of settling the earth am(»ng the roots, by
phakir:g tlie tree up and down, which brings them in-
to a vertical and unnatural position. \\ h- n th<' re-
mainder of the hole is IJllmi:- lip, prv-'-^ tie' loot aroun<l
the tree, to establish it lii m ly. and secure \\ it !i a >tak'\
to prevent being disturbed hy tie' winds. Any root.'-
which may have been injured in takiiiir up. should
be carefully cut off at the end, with a sharp knife,
from the under side. Il tli-'i • lias been nnnh mnti.
lation, the top ami branches should I>e shortened in,
to restore; th- !,.ilaie'" of the ,sy-t 'in, or the evapora
ti(jn from tlie leaves may he "-reat'r than the roots
can supnly. After plantiriLi;, muh-h the ground with
short litter, of any kind. lea\''s, tan, c^e-., wddeh keep>
the^^roun 1 'i imp, and i< L^reatly pnderable tofreipn-ni
surface waterin-, xshoh luike^ the soil, and prevents
the fertilizing influence of the atmosphere.

As soon as convenient after the tree is planted, ap-
ply with a white-wash brush, soft-soap aiel lye in
equal parts, to the body and Imihs. The rdn-ek to
growth et)n8equent uj.-n tr.m^-plantinir. afh'cts the
bark unfavorably, making it dry and hard, and of
sluggish circulation. If more conveident, the pro-
portion of a pound of potash, dissolved in a gallon
of water, will answer the same purpose. It bright-
ens and cleans the bark, arid we h.ive foun-1 it very
useful.

premi-lng that we have !eai> that some of the fine
east( rn liants are not to jo-ove >.» de^irahh' in I'enn-
-_. Ivania, an 1 that it will he safer to plant e^'/, /rv//v7//
only ol such kind- a^ hase been well and luUv prov-
'■n to ])0 a'laptril to our soil and elimate. \\'(' would
i>y no means diseai'd all that !ia\e not h^'en jiroven
here, but plant moderately of ihcm.

-•••

>Vush lor I'luit Trees,

S )me vears a'^o,we were calh'I on hv a man nam-
ed Peter, ami hailing from Xew Jersey, lie had prun-
ing materials with him, and offered to perform that
operation, and also to put unhealthy and unproduc-
tive trees into siieeiK InaJanLi; coidition. AVe •'•a,r
iiim enijil(»vm''nt lor a h-w d.iy-- ainMin.r ,,u]. troos^;trid
after pruning; wa-^ all [m'I-Ioi no'ii, with some interest,
Went ai'onnd with him t^ find out hi-^ iijiplieation ro
promote f riiitiulness, and whieh le- eaih'd iii.s pana-
cea.

^\'e took lilin to the first trei' old enoiiLdi to bear,
oiling him, "l*etor, this tree sern-!> hi;^' < iiou;:h to
have fruit, has he.-n standing in ^/oml ^,,11 for se\cral
years, wlnit had better h'' d"ne."' I'eter wouhl \valk
r oirnl and round the tree, very <juietlv examin(; eve-
ry j»art <)( it, ami pausin^; firsi minute or two, as in
deep thouglit, wmdil break forth thu-:— "Well now

Mr. ' i/i ii"j "ji'/i'o'i, the /// .s7 thing for this

tree, is to get some soft soap anl ly<'. mi.\ them lialt'
and half, take a white wash 1)rii-h an'l inl» with this
mixture iij) aitd dtJirn to trunk and hr.iiedies." Tills
seemed verv reason.'ihl •, and wo would pass on to the
next, rennirking. "I'eter, hei'r i.-^ a tree dil!"'renl!y af.
fected \vt>\\\ the other, ///'// ho! heon niakm.: \i-v\ lit-
tle growth, hut this appears to have grown r;ipidly,
still tlere is no fruit; what had better be done with
//aV sulject?" Peter would appear pa/zded, would
reflect a litth' longer than before, pa^Mii^ aioiind and
around the tree, scrutini/.ing every part \ery eiu.sely,
and tie 11 break forth again, "well now, Mr.

In addition to mulching, cherry trees, particularly
Ot large size, should have, the first summer, rye 1 i/i wy oj>i/i/o?t, (laying considerable emphasis) the
straw tied up their trunks, to avoid the effect of the ! bcot thing hr this tree, is to get some soft soap and
hot sun. They generally branch higher up than oth- ' lye, mi.\ them half and half, take a white wash brush
er trees, exposing more of the trunk, and we think and rub with this mixture yj^ and down to trunk and
can often be saved by this method. There arc more ' branches."

X,0

KI'TTOIUAL, ic.

'e would tl.on pass on to a tl.ir.l fiulyoct, a ,,!„

oonsidorabl.. pans,-, like a physician in a critical case,

would remark, "„oll now Mr . ;„ ,»,, npUion,

the best thins 'or M,.v /rer (emphasizing i!„. word as
If a new roceipe was coming) is to ^et some soft soa

-•♦*•

It ilian Hyv <,rass,

Can :mv (.( (.111- rni.iti

andJyen,i.then,.,^,,7,,,,:,^■;::,;::;:;;»^
br.i.h nw\ rul. w.th this nuxUu: uj, an>f Ju,rn.

h'Mltf.y un<l vi;:on.M<; ),ut with two ..r tlin... li.nl.^
brok.n an.l tl,. l.n-k so.n.what ..hI...! I.v another
troefalin..: n,. it. -IVt-r. u hat l.a.l L.tt,.,' Im^ ,!.,..

here?" iU; scciiuHi Koin^wliit r^nfi

., . ii'M'M t(» k<M>

■ '"'""^ ""'•<'l''-f<'i'<-">nitv taniPTshav. , ', ■
^^^"'''^•••^•^-■^I'Na.Msp.akof itinth.. !,i„i,..;' "'
- l-n,,nf.apia .n>wtiuan,l jwvi;,-.-,.^ 1. ^i
"vrr. to our natural ;:,v..n;;ra^.. -I'na iVat-a^. ->

<'nu.Ml;r,,„vth tlirou-h til

tho tree a^ hoforo, pau^cl awhil,. as if

thoufrht, a.Hi wltl, thoojroatest «:i^niiy rrinark..!-

•' >'':i><»n.aii(l lias

con-

**woll now M

" i!iy opiiiiun. til*' \u^<{ thin-

ll Mtwl lv.> »^li\

l» ~y<yn Inv^.v than any ot!i..r vanetv.

• *

sup.

,ihosto,.kk<..p ,t,.at..n .l.wuv.M-y.-Iose. Jt JMu'r

for Mi'.v tree, is to ^(^t somo Foft Roa
thorn half and hall, tako a ^^\v.x. wa^h !,ru.h an,l ruh
^vlth themixtun. up and down." !r was u<^ I.^. to ,.o
farther. JVUt was rvid.ntlv a n,an nf .„,.. id."
Wefollowrdhisadw,... how.-^,M^ and fMi,,,] .o nimdi
benefit from tho application to all our truittreo. that
we liave recommended it with confidence? ever .i'nce
Peter scraped the h.^rk otr an ,.!d ( )u.>.„ anph- tree*
and applied his „hx(u;v pr.ttv .-.^piou^lv,' and th.'
next season wc hud a greatly innva...] ,.;,p ..f f,,,,
^ruit. It is a mixture ronvMii-.u! to niM>t fanners.

IXlDg

••*-

posed hy..mn. toh. pndcrahh.totlniuthv i.nP
withrlov,.,-, and will hear InMjn.nt cuttin.-. Kp,^;
ing that It h;m i.M.H .-onsni.Tahly ^r.wn in th. StatP

o^ I>"hiwan., wc:,ddn.>scdah.tt^r<.^iM'H,i^vtoBa^•
"<T Iv-jl-ld, IVoiu whi.h we .-xtra.-t th. h.lUin.

In answer to vourrn.juirles I would sav, that^mv
experience in ,ts use, has been, that Cattle She n,
Horses prefer it eith.M- for pastnro or hav, tlimoth
for pasturo^twdlatfoiM more feed, tlum"^^
■'\ "•' -'■^*^^' '•' ^•■»'•^ 't re,juiresto},.f..,l,io,seioke
; -m ...tin;: rank an<I.oin.t.. I Tho^S

itvtoh...,.wnp,.rarre,son.. p,vkir...wnwithCV

nl^;;;'^ "" f. '-;* p-vnulon..; I .avueuherin

the hill fi s|.rin,i,: I think ,t takes ti,. h,st in the

^*^'^- ^"" " ' '"'s ^V'•1I in thr ^-o-;, -r ,1 V

vnn c,.,^ iM I • '^i-'i'itr. til.' same tirae

days earl, or th.an IJ-d Clover: it i. th.r. fore better
to he sown with ('ins... than Tine. hv. It. fattenin,^
quahtio.s ;iree.,ual to the hrst natural -iveri ^-a.^s.

In th.> Kn-iish works w,> have examine^l, it ^VMu!.i
appear to he annual or j.erennial a.vor.lin- tu g^U
or bad soil, hein- in the hittor onlyannuair Iti'^sre-
^•ommended by some, and eon>i.h-rahly used for
lawn.s, wIkmv a compact sod is dcsiivd.

We should ]„» plcjise.l to hear more al.nut if from
some other correspond. -nts.

I

-••»-

A hoi^r of the riiester county br.-r I, rai.-MJ ana fed
hy William Ini^raham, of W.vst Chester, avms recent-
ly shiu-litered, whose wei-ht was dl'; IIh, \ine
months old.

<••*-

Potts' Patent Corn Stalk ("utter ami (^ruslirr.

Tho above is a cut of an excellent machine for this
purpose, which is now being considerably used in

Uiis neighborhood, and works v.ry xuisfactorily. gives .S.^.iii to eaeh person, voun^^ and ol,l :an.lcount-
Ouriosition makes u> feci fconn; hesitation aliout a |"^ /^^'*' ^^''^^''^^.^o catdi iamily.it would give the

strong recommendation of new ImpIfMuents, hut this ' ' '

cutter and crusher has been well tested in West Ches-
ter and vicinity. Enos Smcdley, an account of whose
experiments with cut fodder we gave in last number,
says, ''he has cut with it two bushels of fodder in one

I he aircrre^rate wealtli of the fJnlted States amounts
to .S1l>,()()U,0;m),()u(), and the population to 24,000,000
of souls. The W(-ilth divided hv the TM.j^ulati
gives ^.S.)(,)(l to ea.di person. VMin- ai
\r\<r tivo pors(»ns to catdi iamilv. i
handbom.' little fortune of Ir^lijOUO.

— 4*» — .

English G.\me, brought by the steamers, is quit«
common in ^'ew York market. English pheasanU
sell at five dollars a pair, and liarcs at two dollars
and fifty cents each.

i^r.il

JAi'AN I'KA- JAPANESE GA!:f>T:\[\T,, &c.

35"

I mm*'"' *r\m't^'^» "imi ii|

,l.i|»an l*ca.

\\q introduce the following interesting corresp(m-
a,.neofn>m a Boston paper, relating to the 'Ma[.an
p,.a " which is now exciting some attention as a new
artiele of farm crops. The whole plant with the seed,
isj recommended as excellent for fattening hogs and

cattle.

Massachusetts ITr)RTicri tiru, Society. — The ac-
.^ompanying letter (!• in Mr. i.rn^t, wa> read at the
last iMCt'ting of the So.Mtty. aipl hfin- <!• inu'd oj .^uf-
ticieiit impnrtatK'" to tie' A ii-ieuhnrai comiuunily, it
wa*^ ord'-r''! to !i" piiMivhod.

S;m;im; ( I \ i;ni. v. < 'iniMunati, < >hi(», dan. 1 1 th, 1 sr>;;.

\\\ I» ,ii->ir: I hrrcwitli send you h)r distribution
amoie'st tie' lu'inbers (d the M. 11. Soci<ty, a small
parcel id peas.

The growtli if tle^ plant is piMMiliar, Ixin^' <d' an up-
ri'dit aiil -tiinorin, >one'\vliat hranchiii;;- ; the leaves
are lar"'f li""lit- ■(••■••u and ilownv bi-neath ; the blo.>- ,
.mi isMnilT aiel ..f lilae-eoior : 's^M'-hpods num-rous, ' -nvat trimnph, however, is to bring both plants and
.mall are! woojlv : -rowin- in clusters over the en- : "■'";■''"'" t^"' ^''.""1'=^^^ "' ^he l,tth> -ard.-n attached
tire plant. provin-N-rv pro.luetive. 1;"'^"" l"'"^'-, •" the eite-s. U ,th thi-^ s ew: th-y

Its habit of giouth U sueh as to tit it to withstand I ''^^^" ;^''^'loa!ly succeed(M| m dwarhng t\v^ h-. plum
severe storms ; an 1 ^houM it prov valnanie as looa ] ^"'^ ^^*^»'^7 ^rj30s. and the vine, U> a si/e so dimmu

I>igeons, and is there called tin pigeon-pea. InMur-
tiiii(piethe seed is mu(di este( hhmI j:,i ili.> tal)le.

Being a tropical plant, i^ wouM hai-.jlv staiid our
winters. Yet, from th(> observations ol y\r. lirnst, it
is not improba))le that our climate might admit of an
animal harvest of the seed, which seems to Ije so
alnindantly produced as to make an experiment high-
ly intert-tin:j-.

Most truly your., .1. []. Tks( HKMAcnr.li,

JiosToN, pith Jan., 1 >.".;;.

' • •'^- Till -o pa!-li«iilar> 1 luiaiished lo Ibii. N'.
1*. \> ii'!''ra. Wfrk a;:o, iiua'^^inin;^ they would be 'aid

brforo tie' sorii't V.

To l»i-. )ju;n White, Cor. See. Mass. Ibn-t. S.^e.

•-HK-

.Iai'am.sk ( I a i{i>KNs.--Tlie gardeners of Japan dis-
play tie' most astonishiiiL: art. Tie! plum trt '\whi(di
I- a ;irrat tavMrilc, is -o trained and eu!ti\ alnj t hat
the blossoin> art' as bi'r as those of dahlias. Their

lea\f.-

<,

fir cattle, it must eoniniciel itself to the agriculliira
coiniumnty in field ••iilture.

In its cultivation it cvid- ntly reipiires ro(»m, to
enable the plant a full (h'\ clupiufnt for branehmg.
Its hearing properties are imm(n>e.

Accompanying the seeds, 1 scud a plant, to sho a'
its hal)its of growth and bearing pro}e')-tics.

Its ori;;in is said to have be-en Japan. It was in-
troduced into this eountrv some two vi'ar> sinee by
tho agency of out' ol tho-c cilaniitics which some-
times result in })enefit to mankind.

An American ship one aint-nd a -lapan vessel in
distress, and the crew were carried to San l'ian> is-
eo, California. Amongst the stores which wcretraiis-
forreil was the "Japali pea," a f 'w of wliioh found
lli'ir way into tie' hands of J'r. 1^ iw.iiJ-. ..i Alton.
111. llehandiMJ tie m ov.rto Mr. J. 11. La^iha (ii-tin-
gui.sheMJ hurticulturi-r, who pi-oMnt<'d the prodm-r to
our society. Tliov n(»w s'-nt vou were' ;j;ro\sii in m\
grounds ; Ij ivinj; {ully matured in our climate. Vour
climate may prove too severe.

1 have Sent muiII iia'-ka'O'^ (J' seed to kindred as-
sociatKms, w iih tiie re'|ue>-i that they be pla'/'d in
careful hand.si.

It- is possible that it mav not be any thin;.'- ii"\v
^v^thyou. I would be thanklul for any' mlwrmatiou
you may possess in reference to it.

A cry respectfully, A. II. Er.v.^t.

'he ph^nts and seeds were suhmitfe^f to the in- we always considered a i

} 1 ' ,* '111 'i. 1' •^

ti ve as s( areely to be cretlitetl liv an Kui'op«an; and

yet the-r dwarl trees are covered with blossom^ and

ane of the ;_'ai'(lens resruible pictiires in

wliicli nature is beautilully ncMh-llt'd in miniature —
bui it i.s In in^ naturel Ma\!on, wdiose work on ria-
pan was published at Amsterdam, in 1S.'>0,, -tales tliat
in 1IS2H the I)ut(di ajrent of commerce at Na^'an^i.
v.as offered "a siiutl \> ><, one iurh iu thickness, tmd
thi'ee inches hi;:li, in which ;.:rew a, ti;.:; tiec. a bam-
boo, and a plum tro m lull bloom." — [Kxehaii'jje.

-.t^

How TO Ji-ncK Catti-E. — In all domestic animals,
the skin or hi.|i' |onii> one o the l^isi mc.in- by
which lo e.Liina'.e liicir laltening properties. In
the handle of oxen. if th" hide be found soft and silky.

it atfor<ls ;i pro ij ol teude-irV to t;ike Ui'lt. A

beast h i\iirj; a pcrtci;t touch will havi' a fliick. loos*;
-kin, tlo.itiii;:.-. as it were, on a lavei-of soh ia*, yield-
in-- to t he -lightest prcs.-ure, an 1 sprin;cin;: back to-
\\arJ< the linger li!;e a piece ,,{' >ol't lea':er. Su(d)
a -kill will !»c u-nally (-(jvered with an ainindanceof
solt, '„dossy hair, leelinir like a bed of moss, and
heiK'.' it is e\er t-rne-d a nio--y skin. Ibit a thick-
s(!l, hai-il. -hoft liairal.,a_\s hanlle-^ hrd, and in-
dicates a hard lee' lei'. — \ i'. J'ainiei-.

There is a deal of valuable information embraced
in the above short article. The handling of animals-

iio^t iniperiant point, iu se-

ppfction of the Society's distinguishei bo anist and I , ,. ^ . i_. , i ;, ■ , ,;,■ K t , o,,.l.

ve^etahln »J. ,-..;, 1 • 4.' I I- -e 1 I !• lecting a good feeder, and it i- enti!-e!\ too juueii

n-^<ime pli}siolugist, J. h. le.sehemacher, h.-p, oh'

ana In return, received the f<dlowing note:

, My Dear Sir: The plant alluded to by Mr. Ernst,

H C.ajanus bicolor, a native of East Indies, Ambov-

tia, .Japan, &c. ; flower small, interior yellow, vexil

lum purple, erect shrub, pubescent, nearest in alli-

:itK*e to Lupinus. The seeds arc good to eat, and.

when young, very delicate. On soaking the round without handling.

seeds for an hour in moderatfdy hot water, they take !

exact ly the form and appearance of the common

no'dectcd. Nothing: but practice Will n: iko one nn-
derstand the difference in this particulai . ^Ve have
heard capital judges say, they would prefer to buy
with their eyes shut, if they were allowed to handle
an animal, rather than to judge by appearance only.

••►

White bean, become quite tender, an<l have a pure
and delicious nutty and oily flavor. The whole plant,

Breaking Steers. — Never use force. When you
wish to put the yoke on for the first time, coax them

?'-'//j Me sc.vl, is excellent for fattening hoys and cattle. ■ with an ear of corn or a little sjilt. After they are

b

&?jLfl:2>L>^li£jka!d

358

KXTRACT-ICfMfOUSR M.WACKMKNT, Ac

F.xdact

TROM ri.AYFAIR\s LEf'Tl RE o.V THE FKEI.r.V,; OF CATTLF

Most funnors aro aware of tl.o fact that youn.^

.^Ivossheop an, p,.^.s. fatten more ,,uicklv in the

dark than ,n the h^^Hu. The exphmation of^he f ct

iH snnply th.., that they pass n...re of their time in

wh.nth "^' •' V''^ ^"'7'"" "^" "*'^ <'t' «'vn animal
^hen the principal oirowth of its body takes phtee.
In sleep Hll the voluntary motions eease ; vitality
therefore, now mcroases tlie mass of the bodv as its
oivo IS not expended in prodm-in- moti..n. "It is for
th.s reason that we like those 1. than-i.- pi-^s whi •
^H;;:,eP to the trough in a l.zv n av^.nj s^" a'

Jjxpen.h-d n, ur,t„,n, t Im.v ra,..i[v io-Mva... in .,/,"
lhephc.i^m.me ('!.,...> • .„• \.. j,.,n,aM p,-- liut.o.
quickly wn.i.r th- uun.^.,.,..l 1.,.^. ..■:.l 1,, h

I'Hte ..xp<.ndsall,t. f . . 1 inih. produrtiun nn;.,....:
:vn(l (ines not ^row rapidlv.

i^tjrhaps ti»e p-eafM 'rr!li„.n>.nt in fttt-nin - I.
oxinl.nrd !u iU. manner of fe.-diu:,' ..rtolans. Tl,.
ortolan 1. a Muall l.rd esteem:.! a'^rnat d..lira>v Lv

rials emph)y,.,J in the erection

may ol,s|.rvethat stoneisof all othrrs th.worHfT' v**

I^M.i bnck are the best. The nsnal J.racti I ,f ; ''J^

ce houses to a ^r.at depth under Iho surf.^nT^

ndeed, it has only one re<leemin^ prop.r ; ^i"^'

he eonven.en.'e of fillln. fn.m iC \J U^.\u^''^^

lation to correct the dampness, whi^h, bui'l'V'tV'"^
Nv<' may, is sure to <^xist in under-.n-oun V '""**
induction .f beat IVom the sur^Cl .^ ^ir^^
^'^^-' 'I; fH:ulty of effcctin;; sufficient draita, Ih*^
yory far ov.r-babnu.e the advanta.^es uh/J!::

ltd)- (J

i''iit than
'■"""""""•'ates its he«

ii< iir,. Ill,, necessity ot

■hi.-!;

'tlll:U.<. it .Ht!.<.f,t,, ft,,. .,„,,,, ,„„.,, .-n,|..l,C,on.-

out it has a peculiar habit of f ■, dinu^ whirb is ,.,.0,^;

Odtoits rapid fattrn.i,,;,^-!!,,. i.. tl.at it i U,Lu-

|itthcn.u,^ U the .un. Y.-t ,n,> pvni.aniv I, as
not proved aninsovniMinialdocbstacIe i . tl,,- luli ,n
gourmands. Tb. urtobtns are placed in a w n'm

cliaui

ber, peri'r.-fly dark, wirli ,,n)v

*)no ap'iMiii-.

ino wall, lluar iuod is srau.avd over the tloorol tb.'
chamber At a certain hour in the mornin- the
.cooper of the birds places a lantern in the orific"^ of
the wall; tlie dim li^r|,t thrown by the lant.rn on the
floor ot the apartment induces the ovi^Uiu^ v, l.-liove
that the sun .. about to rise, and ib.y -r.-dily con-
sume the food upon the fioor. More food is scattere<l
overit, an<l tb. lant.,:, is withdrawn. The ort<.lans

7^r\T^Tu'' f'^' •^l^'^^'tn-'-^ of the day, think it
their duty to fal asleep, as ni.i;ht has spread its sable
mantle around tb.m. During sleep, littleof the food
being expanded m the production of f ,rce, most of it
goes to the formation of mu^r!.. ar.rl fht \^^^.j, ^^
have bcvn allowed to repose l^mn.. or ,w,> hour, in
order to com;. Irtr tb,. dior-'stion ..1 i;hm1 ta^.ai tln;r
keeper attain. .xl.ibit. ti,r lant.Tn thrnndi t h.- ' mo^t-
Uiro riPT:vin.:M,.na .v,.,nd tini- ilbnninatrs th.-
■ipartmaif. and iIp' lanl.. auakiiiir }>.>„! t|, .jr sbnn- i
'►•M-, apply themsrlv. . \ , Ma.ioiisl y to tli." To,,,! ,,n tlm
2lo(>r;ah,.r bavin;: di.,-;... si u !p:;.b tli^v aiv a.^ain .n- '
volopyd in darkn.'ss. Thns tl„.(h. Mm is mad., to
shedits rays,ntot!io,.I,amb..rf.Mr ..rilv,. (mipvs every
day, and as many ni-hts fbllow its transit..iv l.^ams^
Iho ortolans, thus treated, become like balls in a few
(lays. ^ Iho process speaks much for th.^ in-enuity
of IS inventor, if it does not for the int.db>et of the
ortolan. In tin. refined mode of feedii,.-. .^-ory con-
dition tor the fattening of an animal is luiiied-i e
vvarmth plenty of food, and want of exercise.-fXew
I'ingland Lultivattir. •-

i.-.^n,,.n.a.ianvofi..bon:::-;,^^^ /^^
''"'■''"- ;^ ■'""'• ■-"""•'' ^varni,a-t!.nMl,,.M,rrumr

^ "/'-'"I.aIi tii.^lf v,alls In, 111 til.
'V^''^'' ': .1 "lurli b.-ttri- ron.I
•iif'- "!•• in ofle-r wnwU, it
'• "lii'-r IxMiirs ('..iniiiLT in
•I'^i'-i^''i- t'i.m tlia! .hnuait.

'''";"- '""'^y;'" '''■•-"•''' ^^'"I t!ie ice some slJwer

.n. UtI. also ,VM.tdanip,u!Hl,..t,.H. does not, and

;^'-'" •' ••■nnd.MHlo,.,,.,. of heat, and instanct"^ iJ
beenknoun. .h,.,-. v,in water has pen.datod he^
roof.l an n-' house, that tl„. t. n.p.a-ature ha. bee
ra.M.d to Mx.y degrees Hence the necessity of
keepm;^ .M.rb bouses perferily drv. n„t only at the
top but ar.sotbn,u;rbout, by efficient draina/e of th.
ni'd ed ice and by ventilation to correct the dlim,.ne«
m tfie atmosphere and wall.s. Indeed, the walls of
an ice house, to be in pro|,er condition,' should beai
(Iry as those of a dwelling:.

Th-,. rlieapest and host uav .d' >■ uiMrurtincr an ice
house, IS to make its walls dnub].. ^v,tha8paceb^
twecn tu.an, wbieli sbnnld h.> liH.Ml with that exo-'-
h"ntnon-conduct(jr, "charcoal dust." Where timUr
IS the cheapest the house shouM be boarded in.'^ide
and out, with the cd.arcoal dust F>ctweeh tl«o walls-
where bricks avo < h.-apest they should bo used.
>tone may be sabdy used with such a good nuii-cun.
ductor between a dunbl.. wall. Dry saw-dust is ab
a -oo,] n..n-._.M,:diictM-. and it ran r'.,.]]y ],, obtain.-d

'■^■':''-^ '''"■''" '" '"'"' •'"""^'■V' '"It it >liould nut he used
nnl: .. It -s p. i-f,,ctly dry. — |Srlrntiti<. Auvn-l-.m.

I

W.

)i I

Kconomist
iie part ui

-^t^

Ice House .'^lanau^enient.
This is a matter of no small imporfanco, vet how
often do wo see it treated, not only with indifference
but upon the very worst principle possible to ensure
Its preservation; not one ice house in fifty is construct-
ed upon the correct principles-notonc in the same
numbor is mana;red correctly. When wo consider
Uiat damp and lieat are thetwo n;reat a-ents of tha^^-
ing, It should be our endeavor to count.u-act these by
every mean.s in our power. To effect this, ventilation
ir.ust be had resource to, and non-conducting- mate-

_ IN IHK rMTKI) StATFS.— Tin

says — ■' liy riTi'iii ^^irnt ilir ro>oai"ches la
Pcbr .\. Uimwii,.. I:s.|., (d l\.nnsyhania, it has beon
established that the United States can outrival the
worl 1 111 wool as in cotti.n. Thus, Spanish sheep,
yieldinjT naturally wool i:0()0 to the inch, carried to
Kn-land,d(»generated to lUOO to the inch.and brought
to the United States, recovered to 2,lU0, or liner than
the ori.i^inal. 'fh- fa-t brin.j; once established, th-it
our climate and s..il produce finrr w...,] than ctlier
countries, Avill givf to our manufacturers inevitably
the superiority in cb>ths, if the manufiicturer is al-
lied in his interest to the grower.

\

-*•*-

^ P.\CKixG Apples.— The fdlowing method is prao-
ticod in some parts of Maine for packing apples for
shipment to California: I]ach apple is wrapped in
paper, and then packed in the barrel in layers. Be-
tween every two layers of apples, is a layer of pow-
dered charcoal. The npples are thus prevented from
coming in contact with each other, and through the
anti-putrescent qualities of the charcoal, the rut,
even should it attack a part of the fruit, Avill be pre-
vented from communicating to the remainder.

\

1H.V2.1

TRUK SYSTEM OF FARMING— SUHSOIL PLOW.

350

The True System ot l^'artnliig.

West is, large farms and large; fields of grain; plow,

Trvin'' to do toonimb, isa common error into ' ""^v» 'i"'l »"»':MN '"^ the busincfss of western farmers,

■iVh tl^' farmer <dten fal's. His grcMit eagerness in /l'"'^^^''";^ <'"t the very life of the soil, and s<'nding

'"' ' ' ' «• 1 • away in the heavy exports that are constantly going

11.. hiiK-ies tli«'greainess(.i ii.at p , ^ r 1 • •. r . • r r

„rt<.„ th.' common estiinate,to be in proportion to the ; contiimal cropping, it m inil-sts signs of . xhan-tmn,

nunilM'r of ai-res, not to say cultivated, but <'mbraced «^"

SOI

within the b-nn hirn- 'd )ii^ d-niani.

Tnr
farm '

t;n

•t IV

now being sprca I a In^ad, that a lari.^" farm ■•\^>r^ ii,,t

iiiakf a laan i-itli.-r riidi, cwnttiitid ur hajipy, but on

the contrary, ih • r^v- r.-'' «d a

tilled, wb'Mi'bis I il-.r i- r-wardrd by amid.

fair succ^'S'^ in tln' \arious depart lO'-ufs in

JM ».ngag<'d

nnhv- w.'U

h' iTitps and

v.biidi be

\o liinn'T (",\.\i rt'ali/(> tin- lull lii-ie'tits

nlfiiMif" h:trr('i ess. Wlim tillrrs (»!' the
urhii.|--vtaiid t'i<.ir tru" int'. rests, they will cultivate no
ni'iiN. Ian 1 I liaii t li'.y can do well. T'li't y ar i-fs of land
f If t illaj;", liriiu;H)f t » a high >-tatc of <ailt iNatiiai, pays
Ip'ttrr than out. hui\ih-(.d run wyi.T in the way that
many do. — [drllrrson Farmf.r.

f his profession v. itih.ut asl'ipling a

ihwroiigli

sys-

New Subsoil Coinpanhm I*b)W.

j.,|jj ,t cu'itui'''. Ill-- >U('cess, coin!n'.n-.ijrat<. to hi-^ Tin. Oxford (I'aiir.) Juiini'il, in <p.aking of tia'
wish'-s, alwavs d^p' nd- up ui tin- niannrr in whudi Stow-on-th-'-widd and •'hipping Norton A ^Macultural

Society, says: "As smmh as tfu' idnwiipj: was oyer, the
• •'iintianv (•Mn':r<' -ati'd to \siln'>>, tin- trial (d a sub-
soil comjiaiiiiui phiw, iuanuta<t ur< d and ) al.'nti'(l by

lilts his seei!

am

r.-ars

■ 7 ^"1 1 - .-

ed that it combinoM all tli^ features r)f an oiMJiimrv

a .-iiir- a
d' (a'
riie combination m

plww, wimii may

hfd lU' >u-p('nded

t lu's ' ad'. antaLicH

he prepares m- -rnuml-. n

liis st*»ck, N'l' III'!' I .| I h.-i' iji'pa ri nn'iit^, xNiiiidi may
be considered the cardinal ones of hi- piade.ssiou, will

tak<; rare of themselves. The svnl may be ricdi, but Mii. Uilllti, of i5:.Li'
it nccil^ cultur''. TTis ^ecd may bo sown, but it

<»houldbi'in diuMini'.. and always (Ui soil wi-H pre- ' pfnv with tlu' addition
pared and "1 a ->uitald«' (piillty lui tic prwilurtion <d" be used at lh«. sano' tmi", ^r
the crop desired. His stork must bo con-lantly cared ' if necessary. The combinati

f(,,. — f,,r it derives its thrift from the soil, and' sends naturally excited considerable interest, as to whether
again to that soil the sustenan(*e it requires; )»ut this ^ the implement couhl futil what was expected and
is nut done in a loose, hapdia/aird way. The far- \ said of it, and its trial was looked to with great anx-
mer's care is required, and all his better judgment iety. The land selected for tin; trial was by no means
must be exercised in keeping up this .system of recip- ' adapted for it, becau-c it was light and mt ky: and,
rocal benefits that may lie realized by every int'dli- ' therdore, th' pl^iW imu id n.it sufficiently dc\,I<,pits
gent and industrious farmer. powers, and tliis wa- ;ii!aitt(!<l on all hand>: but the

Thorough cultivation and systematic atteuliun to inventor bdt satisfied ihat even under such disadvan-
all parts (it his business is indispensable to a good de- ' tages it would give a tolerable idea of its value and
gree of success. The very corner stone to this whole ' importance. In that c<mviction he was fully born(;
system of farming, is to do what you do thoroughly; ' out by the trial, for tin. w.rk was well executed, and
nature will not be cheated, and never gives full re- 1 th(i subsoil plow taking tie Imwi furrow and hilh.w-
turnsto the half-way work that is practiced by vast- in-- in :' le.rses' track, showed at once its perfect ap-
lytoo many calling tbemselvea fanier-. If rhclua I ^ plicability, (!Speeially f u- -tiT, hca' y land, wlieic the
has be(m worn, the extent of that exhaustion ml th'

fo(»d refjuired. niu-;^ )>" first con-ihu-ed. W h n a--
eertaiu"d. the iul! mea-^ure of tin'^-c rcquir'-mmt-
niu-f he given, t'" iu'ine;i)ut lull rctuni-J. It" th" tar-
uer has but a small sto'dc, and CMU-eipiently but a
small am mnt of manure to reo]eiii>h hi> land, it i<
obvi(»usthat hut a ■^inall t'ana can bo su]>pdie<l with
it; and good judgment at once dictates tliat t" < ulti

I e a ' \ 1 a n ' 1
horses, tread render.- th" ;:ri(i;nd sm li;iid a- t" 1 reycut
th" ]i">--ihilir V nf the w ater getting away. I'mi- all
root cr'.ps thi~ inipleiuenr a]ipeai> to b" admirably
adapted, and in pi •win;i I'u- l>ean-, or al'ter d'nrnips,
the manure ciii b" niia ad vantage. »u-ly jilowed iu^
so as to leave it iieai- tie- surface, whi(di every muc is
aware i< a nc-t de<ir;ih!e dhject. d'he general opin-

examiin-d this id.ow. and witnessed

I'UI

Wll' I

vate properly a large farm, artiti.dal fertilizers must ; even this trial, was, that it is oue .,! the dimm \alua-
be used if good crops are obtained. And so with | ble impleunmts that has yet been brougiit before the
the labor, two nv\n cannot suitably till one hundred | notice ot the public, for it not (mly possesses the ad-
-•res of land, when the laiior of two men and n^r- ' vantages of ph. wing and sule^oding ;it the same time,

ac

haps four, might be profitably einp!M\
five acres.
This is the great error in farminir

I

<m Se'

1'

nty-

Two men

and with one opi-ration, hut the cM>t 01 itiis coiiilun-
ed powa:r is l>uL a tride beyond tin? ordinary plc.v.and
the subsoil can be attached to any plow, whll • the

strive to do what four can hardly do, and thus thous- ' draught is but slightly increased by it. The cost of
ands of acres are run over, half tilled, and producing ' the plow complete does not exceed six guincas,and the
half crops. Tlie land is run over till worn out, sus- j subsoil alone, to be attached to any other plow, two
taining year after year the unnatural tax, till its en- guineas; so that the expense is not likely to interfere
ergies are entirely exhausted, and it fails to yield with the demand for an implement which must come
even a feeble crop, because its life is worn out. Much ' into general use as soon as parties become acquainted
of the soil in Virginia and other Southern States is a ' with its merits. We understand that the patentee
ty[)e of this. Tb.jusands of acres are lying entirely I has alrea<ly receive<l numerous orders; and ot all the
u.seless and exhausted, and will ever remaTn so, till ' improvements which have been devisee
the first elements of its power are returned to it.
This process is fast going on in many of the Western
States. The soil is treated like an inexhaustible
mine; the tillers crying give, give, give ! till in a few

years it will have nothing to give. The boast of the

'd for the prep-
aration of the land to receive seed, there is not one
which is so calculated to effect its purpose in a more
successful manner, and there is no impb-ment of the
possession of which a farmer may be prouder. It ia
not anticipating too much to say,that within a twelve

3G0

~ '"'^' '''"'^'-''!!l!2flj!li2!l^ '-.vr,.:,, .,

"a.i„u; f,„. all t..,.e X Cv 'u. ' t';';:! •;',""•

l'0.,.i, ivt „„rk a short timo ■iWo.,lT * • " '"'"

tliat it a,,.. ,n,..t .ffoclualiy'^ I "7'';,:. '" ■:*;'>•■"«

fosses. Groat ,,Tr,lit is ,lu,. t„ I , • , '^ •"'"■

'-'»;l.t tl,..ir skill and u,.^ ';'•''" "''" ''-'■

implement which ,„any v. ;! " • lin, /" ', 7"",' ^"'

ted „t no i,up,.ove,u..,.^ but th" r " I : ';:.'i':i'';''r'-

been developed in so eminent a de.^- ee t at » l' w
nut tho iiivoiitor will r,.,. ... ^ ' " ^^^Mjoubt

ty -an extent that, rerh,:,;?hJi:!,V;;:;::-;;; --•-

The i)odi-roo should be .rood rm i * *^^
l-ok,onhothth.s;doofthosiro ,ndtl T'^^'

A INrfcrt Shoi-t-2i(,ni.
We find in tho Wool Grouvr .u.J Sr .i- i> •
f(>ri\uvembcr, tli> foll,,^ i... d.^.-rirri , <

11) , rr '"^ '!» . 1 1 ,ti,,!i n| a nriit'cr

J5liOi-t-lI()rn — '•iiii-ni N..,I U . ■ ^

sons proeunn,. ,Sh„rt-.I •;.:,',:'"■ ^-'- IC'

jv «n„en nedi^re,., eerti.led to ( ■ " V'^'^ /^■'l-i^

l"T shouhi never purchase an an^„ f '?■''''• «"J

bred, wtthout « co„,piiane,. witii lid" ^"ui";;;;:;;;^^-

x\o inij)rovomont in tJio conduct of A •

-tiK. various uKud.inosio; •;:::, r::^^--u^^^

liod

:n:^^;::::;::d^:;n;::':i^!'i,-;i:;;---v^j^

I'V nriM nt ,,u,- ou-u <-itiz.Mls,

^•>'>'d or 1,,^,}

the w

'lit as U

h''iii;s.
11.11-

111 -

A

ail

are

'^';i'"-^e(ito thiuk

^■"•4'^";;,na.!u,„. nin.-h ha."vK' u'"'! /'"' 'i''^' ^^'^^l

T'^'^ "'■^'- T'^Mi.-, has i.;.n ,.;,;'■';■;■" ^'^^^^^

-i •'"!- ll.Sunth. ol'|5..,>,,kv \'''v'r:;'^^^ll-

-■•■^ ->-''i'---i;: :a;;:;ir:!:v"^^'

piiMN... i"i"uc iiuaiussex-

'I..-.., .....oiddasidoMH .;";l;"M':;;'«r'''°^•'''»-
h";?ers, are earn-d a,-,„uH , , ' . , "•,""""• «"!>

al«utai;,ot at eirh -,"!' n ''"'"■'""' '■"'

uareiuiiv ,„ u., i„,ij,: ^j. ';;,;, ,, ;^"'>' """■V'"; «'""'

'" the l,„„. oC a sheaf, wheeeits" .'!'"' ""P
-the machine and h u.,d ^tho ma;tnV,rs::

eoutrn,.,- V.":;, ,'"'"': '1- ^'"niu.s of tllo
"■ith.^n-u , , I ;.y.!a! „ u„uld also work

'■'■'M-..i.":;,ivaL /Lo"'; w^"" ''^ v^'^''''

u"' Workmen '"^;'' '"-"''" '^'•'^""'" int"Pnietioa
chu, -^i;'"^"''"'-''' J^'om, in New York.-lKi!

to spoak cm tiio suhieot '' Ir i ■ i
itur as follows:

Thelioadisthnm...ti,np,.rt:n.t fart. "
animai-aot,mae._-uuntol,(.,vt
uigasortof iNi;£x to otiua- .,,.!,. ,•

^ueri!^tr:rr;;;^;^^-^'^^

«bouid be sn.aii,tl;;::ii;: ;:.;':;;;-. ''•'- h..ui

rich oran^re color A «.. i i V ^^^^ "^^^ ^>i a

M/ bro,vn.t"dnd;'ih :'• ht. 'Tt'' l"''Ti "• ^ "'■'•'^
black. TheevesshouM I "'' "''''" be

^'>-«.r. yctev.Ce 1 1 r,p:r::;''r;'-^'''' '^' '■""■

«l.uuld he encircle,! w 1, a„ "r,,t X'^'^. ';■'"'';"■■. '''''■'^
ear.s should he small .' ,,",',":'"'"' -f'^red n.u. The

Wil'lln Tl... 1 i ' """' '^'"l "ran.-e-coh.r,.,!

Hii.iin. 1 he horns line short n., i ""n'. ^"i<ire<i

aoit the head and slLl w ' "'''•>'' '^ '"tie dat

neck .should le t n „e« ^'"'■r''^ "I'"-'"'^- '^''-f

good eonstitutiou-hut it .7. Tl '^^■"■^P evinces a

Uowntheneck.asthi:\;:r::i :;'f,-^; -•!-

coarse appearance The .^l " i """'^n a „•. ,

tbe cropVlull, th "l,ack str i :;: "'rr t"'u '"' T"^'

tl.o nhs round and well .' p " j' ^T 1!;^'^'^^' "'"^

peurs more inferior than a SI ... . '^"'1"";; up-
back and ll.it riij- such M „/ "' "■'"' "■ '^'-''V
flesh, and that f",,i; ■,'•"""''' •^\""^-^"-0- but little
sbould he Ion" hr,nd ^T' l'""'''.^- ''''- r„n,,,s
reacluno- well down th- thLd. vet m 'r'" '" ,""''•
produce coar.H.ncss. The , il" i ^",' '■""""'' '"
nearly on a level with .1, i , '''^ ''" ''*■'•'" "et,
tbe ruuM.. but diri? i "^ f;; ', --^"^ ",'-« it .ioins
brush. The hin.l le..s s| .T,, ", i "'"'""' "' "'«
^videat.art-strai.d t wh' ','";' "''""«• ''''bor
bone .sLdl an ,7 ' ,n Uhe'T'r^!''',"" '-'^''-'-tb-
legs wide apart, si u',;] , al fl "'l'- , ^'''" '"'•«
aboveanclim^rtvasetoVr";^ .•;;''"■ ^''^ ''"'"'■ '-"S"
brisket, full, pron i", nt^w > ', "' ""-' ''""'"'• '*''"'
back betweit^h fore, e/: win
great depth at the «i tl, tm o ' ^^''^ "•", ""''"'''
of chest, a strong^.onstitu i, ''"^it''- ''f ",'^1"'
great width {esp,.ciall • i „ ,"'?™ *''"'"'<' be

majestic nock. "P.J»"ied to an arched anl

thiciti'oovS' wi'ti/f ;'■;:' /■'■^"''■^' "^ -•-■"

wben par ed shall v i ', ,' '^"">' '-'"*• ^^bieh,

when ully ;'ii ' ;j ';■ " 3'>llow skin. The ndde,'

reachin.'weU f. S'u. , .' *-■",»••,«''""''' '^■' «l»are,
apart and , in' ^s ; , t'J'^ •■plndnnd, the teat., wide
'■',' well C.C; Vl r'' '^' "'""/"•J-tb.> u.Mcr bo-

^'- of tho si,on:iion:rt.:'^.ri:;^ l^i;;; :|^^,;''-»--f-'-b^Tud;^wau;::d caHUerisa.--

1 el ' ;"/ .""'■'•">i^««'- ionnins red a ,d ■ P r.' " "?;"'' ^^^'^ •''PPointed to receive i,roposition from the
tl'e iK-aut.ful, fashionable roan." ''' '"'■' l' '/"'"? " , ''?"'"r !"■ ^•i'i'-^'' desiring to have the K.bi-

' bitiou in their vicinity.

A -\kw ArtTicLE fsi i:\|.,.i;i
bi'id. .dr. K. i., a.„,„ ,■„.

On 'i

l.ir.!

I'' Ixaiiu auJilul-
iiil<'inan of irreat

':ii'<(l.i)- last,
l';i.. sliipjud

wealth, ownin- li-S,, fl ' o'"i'-"'an ol gri-at

tliese -leor MS l'„. , ' ^''""'t'T. who ordoreJ

." thos'i ^ountri;."-' '""' '"'^'^ "' introducing the oak

'I'-^i ''";'.-— r-ar;;n ,,uantites of ho-'s sliu<diter-
ed HI Columbus and t'leavehin.l , ' l"'"^' ^'''M'""
to \'ew V,„.i- I -i ''-,•'* "■">'J. •-'ino, and .shipped

to.M.wVok iij railroad, have entirelv snoiloJ bv
warm weather Tiv.oi.,- ; i» >-""" '.) spouca uv
heea,,,,. «> ,' '• 1 """t\-eiKlitear loads in one train
nuilu ce^ P "•"' that the stench was an intolerable

E.^,,ulv i '■"''"•^'' ^•■^"=— At ame.tin? of the
rl, b 1 ^""?'"'"';" "f the Pennsylvania Snite Ag-
To '■ u *'?"'^'; '"-'"'' ^" Harrisb,,,.;,., last Friday,
•' I o.-},'i ^''''."^r: 7' il'"«duy and l-'riday.thc 27th.
-;' ; 7-"'', '"';! -'»" "f September ne..t, were lixe.l
upon for holdin- the no.-ct State Fair; and a Cera
mittee, of which .Tur!-o Watts, ,d (^u-lisle, is Chair-

sTATi: A(iiucri;ri:uAL societv-commi nh^vtions.

301

state A{;rlcuUural Soclci\.

The r.lloNvin- in the Treasurer's account subuiltted
,, th. annual meetin;; in danuary. which shows the
'ruoim^ of the Lancaster Kxhi)>ition.

^^ I'l:.

r •.. 11 Bnrhrr, Treasurer Penny i/Icania Slate
A'jrieuUural Sucidy.

1S.V2.

j,^„';"7_T.) balance in treasury, as per
settlcni'Mit on 20th,
«' Admission fees for d in liters,

\i t -

' -22— <'i-'' "''1'^- '^- ''"-'^•"" 'i'''''''^'^^",

ot subsenpii"!!-^ 'i >i'i/,.'ii> oi

l!:irri-Kiii-, tMuanU rxp.'iises

,,I Male l":ui-,

u ;;i)-_To Stat.' :ij>p;Mju-Kaiuiii'»r l^-)L

' .1 o^ .John 1'. Kuiii'-rl.iid, Swatara

subscription i. wards expenses
ot tair a- 1 1 uri- I'lH';^,
Au'nist ^1 !ul»crs fees,

»"^0 — Subscriptions of A, n. 1 leis-
ter t,u State lair at liarnsljurg,
Sei)t'er— Members f'cs,

.. ^8— Cash of Wells Covcrly, a<--
eountof llarrisbur;^ suhsen[)-
tion,
*i Cash of ^^ . 1'. Sanders, ac-
count of llarrisbur;^ subscrip-
tions.
(J^.t♦cr — Membership fees and diplomas,
'• — Amount ol' fees received frnni
memljtirs and admission tickets
durin;; the hiir at Lancaster,
2nth, 21st, and 22nd.
'' 22 — Lite membersliip certilicate,

Jann's ( J.»wen,
" — I/il,. iji.'inl>ership certificate, Po-
le;; 15. Savery,
'• — Lijo membership certificate, C.

1>. Ko;i;rrs,
" — Life m<'ml)ership certificate, S.
C. Stajnl>au;;h,
Nov. I;;— Amount of .\. ^>. ]L:~f«'r, a=;
per stat<.MM"tit liirm-li-'l,
♦' — Suljscripliiiii "t J. ('. r»iii-iM'r,
to lliirrisbui'^ l.,ii'. l>y K. i-
Ktdker,
Dec'br — Meiul)ership fee,

" 10 — l*remiums retarned by Abner
Thompson,
1853.

Jau'ry — State ap})r(ipriation f.)r LS52,
" ■ — >LMnl)ersliip fees lr(jm 11. <*.

WalkiM', durin;!; y<'ar,
" G — Premium returned by liolden

6i l^ice',
" — Subscription (»f Lancaster con-
nected with fair,

By Stationary,
" Seal and IVess for office,
*' l*osta«^es and Tidegraphic despatch-
es,
*' Tents used at Lancaster fair,
" L!;r;iin, hay and straw

bou-ht for fair, ?29H 40

Deduct grain sold, !•)•''> 02

:v.\

17

17

50

00

rA

2f)0

00

(J It.

!?57S 54

2 I ' '< >

1(1 no

1 (Ml

*' Lumber jmirhased for
iair grouml,
Deduct amount sold.

103 47

:>\i\

2')

'J I li H 1

(III

1

(Ml

70

no

(

(II)

5

00

38

00

57 50

20 00
02 50

8,385 51
10 00
10 00

]n (iCi

1(1 01)

" K-ait ..!' ]il'aij.l.iii^ and lair Lir'aind,

" 1 1 aniiiii:, iVc,

" Lal.ur and -iindry .'.\|.<-ns(vs prcpiir-

atoi-v !<> and .lurin;:; lair at L;in-

ca^l.'r,
" I'Mlirr (Im'ini!; fair,
•• Siiji ■riiit'Mi'li'iit- un tair ;.M-iainiU,
*■ rrintin;^-,

'' l''i-ri^hL and .si<llin;i;s,
" !i\lMi»s<;s of busine^s oilices dunii;j;

tlir tan-,
'• I'.NjM'ii-'S in.Mir!-<'d t'V Secretary,
" I laidw ai''-. Nails, etc..

" .\!!iamt (if pr-'niium^ awarded at

Lancaster,
" Invested by ord-T of Kxe(Miti\'' <'"ni

mittee,
" Deposite.l in I)a>iphin Deposit liank

l)y order Kxecutive Committee,
" lialanco iu Treasury,

380 00

I 1' ')-

>) t

0 <.)T

:')\H)

■lA)

j;i

H7

00

».'.M'.

1'.)

IDS

.^'j

300

iri

(iOO

no

ivi

IS

H751

07

l,t).M)

00

5,000 00

2,000 00

2,nli

71

si:..li:; 11

Oriaiual Communications.

L:u-'e ( r.o.- ol Cra raided iu ( hc-Ki- enuiit>, I'a,

Til.' rollMwin"- account uf <..ni" extraMrdinary .tojis

By paymi nts rr<? jwt Vouckers fnrnishd awl approved

^J ^U ^^^^'- A'.<:cc/(/a't' CoinndUte, viz :
By rent of olHee and incidentals, ^'^'^ 00

'* Furniture for office, ^^ ^^

,,r rnvu rai-'d !,y mir iri-ieU, ti.e M.'^>rs. ! Mek.'V,
],; II ,,rtl:i^ .^aii.U. NNiill- r-nl witli iiiL-n-r. Tli^r^ are
tw.» -r liir-r point^ wortliy oi' .■^p-ial n^lir,'. 1st,
I that it wa^ dr.ll.d in, inr.As- .;: l-'t a).M-t, tliat the
land NNa^ i-l ai-h.^d ilcp, imd !.y tlw r^jwan d har-
rowing and cultivation, the wecl^ were dv.^lr"y-l
prevlmis to planting. This plan of lessening labor
by fre(pient' harrowings, previous to the crop being
put in the ground, we have adverted to in .air article
on root culture in th- jo-, -■•nt \m., ;M.d Mt^n at oth-
er times. ^V.- have heard of several other crops of
corn the present season in this county, varying from
80 to near 100 l)ushels to the acre.

It seems to take Chester county farmers to raise
corn. The late premium crop of (Jeorg(; Walker, of
Susquehanna county, of 100 bushels to the acre,
when rei.orte.l h.'re, excited some surprise, tdl it was
ascertained that he was one oi ourown Chester coun-
ty farmers, bornherc;, and had moved to that county,
carrvin-with him his agriciltural skill and knowl-
edg ; how to raiec big crops.

Ill (Mt

1 00

10 00

2,000 00

22 00

5 00

1,500 00

815,413 41

.J'l

302

WMMUNICATIONS

I'or the Farm Journal

COMMUNICATIONS.

MiiisSK^. Editors :

'^ three

and

and

corn i,

■'> not
f^round i.

discovered. . '" ''" '"^"'"'-■'' '""i , ^•'^'■" i" '!■'■ sau... Ii,.|,| ,1,,' .a,,," m.^,; , "'""'' ^""1

' IllUi* L(»Pf 1 111 ,* xl • ->'»^»< ♦virin

n.... .... ...„:;r • 1::: — r"-'-- '^r H,.. ■ ;j.n.. or o,i: ^^^ .Z l!!". --' '

«i..oo, a cr„p of eo..„ raised vS ' ' T II"'"' '" "" ""'^'' "'■"' ^' "^''t -l , r It "","' "'

t'H- r..-t .season. We Ipwo sin,'.: 7 '^ "'■""• ""' ''•^•'^'"■^"■« *" "'"•k the .round . f ^'"'■^■

quost ,0 mako,,,Hr,r .■. .7''""',^'"-^'- '''^"'""' -"J "P. than aC ,,'""" "'

-re in eon,„,in. We Mi^Z J' i:.?:';''" ^ !""''' f*"'^ •""-•--'• Afte, ' ""^ '''

•n«. akhou,,, it i.s now receivin.. 1'^ f ''.'"'■ '"" """« "'^'k.^ before itis

ever before. , he auention it. in.;.::, ; ,'

.« now a vanoin, „,„,,,,,;,, ,f,,,,.^ — ■;!

nine teeth'i7lt ""!,"""'"■' '""' '^^''^^iJc . , '"^/out'^lan of nTanulact.uin;; it, ;u.,l '

3G3

WJIMII

1 ! : n I

II

one hns„el .ore of eor,! : aJZ TT ^'i '^ , '?'■ '-^^ ' ' '> ^ -■- '■ ';',::::• ""'■ '"'

public good. Wel,.ave been 'suoc '■ , '" .'""■'''■' ' '"'"■' ' " '■ ^h. ":",;'-'■

"ome large erops, and dvel, '" '■"""- "'"■''>■ H-'in, I, in ,1,.. |,;„ ''..""■• ■^- ''nUnig,

readers for wl.at l', ;, t^:; "" ^■•^'•"'^-- '" >-'' , ""- 1-, „i,.. i,„,,„. .,,,,,'"1, ^; " '"f •""■ '-s

,^, 1 '^ ^^ -an „ehi eonuinin, ,... „„.„. ,„„';; Sr::r,:':ir ^^^'^ '"« -'^^^■' ^-^t

Aft.T t!

dor. and ,e, nay say her,., , I.,, u... i„, ,.,„,„ .' ; twi,,. a|„„„ „ ' ''""•■■' '""l'^«; a,.! u-e g„

^"-■■^=:::::;i':,::;;:::;:::,:;i ' ^-^ ^•'■^ ■■,'"■ ~' ' '

fho • ''"^""' ^^'^^'-n.' paimr nnil.-s -whi.h ,\

the m ,f,vo p„^v.., ^vo uso— U-. !

<5^sea |,air.,r ,.,ul,w on, I ■, v L / '

-pense; ,„;, .e a:;-:;L;:;:r:;";, : :"■■ •"■'t-' '": " """ " - "■■-'>■ '■' ■-' - "

the end. It was a sonree of considerate .I.;,,;;: i ..„:); ,' ":' '""'^ ''"■^''^''^ ^^ --■ '"-^i... 120 bu.
" 'thus for a long time, our not be^n-ahh-t, '"^ ! '"'" P^'^''' P-^r acre.

llZI^'r "'^f '"■•" -- " ^-- ^i tZ: I ■^•'■: --^ - -^•'>• ^ ... „ore e.traordina,, .till
.;;:,:: .'r.!'." ■" '.'"*-"'"-'' '« oursa,isfaction. sZ ' r"^"'''"'-: ^"-^'"^- eireun,stances. About t;']!!;

^;7T' ''"■'"'""''"'"■■'"■"'''-' been plow

""^ "'^'"^^ •■^">-^--^ that .uavl,av,...sc.a,..,l rh

' . ^ -^v^uij uusneis to the acre. The

next spr.ngweso.,.,, i,;,, oats, ,n,.| ue received

But t , ; r " "', "■''™ '^"-'''^'^ *° "'« ••"='•<■• We next

But to come back to the corn. After the ground ! hZ '" ?' "''''''' ''''' '"^'^'^ '^ g>-«»' "P ''"J

was p owed a very heavy roller was put on it a J 7 T ','""' "" ""'' '''"' " ''«" '' "'- ^^r fully
0 held rollcl. It was then harrowe 1 twice to I f'""",""" ' '"'' "'"'5™""'' '"— ' with compost

•'0 furrows, with a sharp ..pite harrow. We . , ' l"T r' *''",^^' '"■'"'" "^ "'••^''« '■'•"™ l^O to 200

th.a load, of excellent n,anurc every year, and we pur-

I

„;;,..,.,.ri,l-e regarding its benelits, for the •'Fan.,
I ,.,rn'r «••.■"•• »•'■' 'I'^V. when we have a httle lei-
' I'vvitl' ■'bout IS loads to the acre. It was then
. ,„•,'■ ill wheat, and the ne.'it seas.n. we had about
t«vi,ty Imsliels to the acre from it. The stubble was

then Pl"«''' ''■•^*'" '""' ""■ *^'''"""' """'"'""^ "" "'"
orc,-,.d.n" ye:ir,aiidliiu.-l again and seede.l „, ul.eat:
u.d'w.luid from it rather more wh<.itthan the year
before It was seeded in clover along » ,. !, , 1,. wheat,
ia , be spi-iiig, anil- main- 1 in .rra- Ir.n, ih a- In,,..
until U''tspn,.^-.nl. nit vv,.- pi. .V,,.. 11. .,•,-,„. lb-

clov.-r lui'l [■<■■■":■ '""'■'' '■''•'''■^''

_M\ '•

it UsL spnii- 10 loads coarse l.ini Nanl manun' prr ^
^ero on tl."-.l,nna iiImnn-IU uipI-t, :u.l tli.n Inn.-a ^
the 'iuverlc<i suil. Tuc cuitiNati'Mi it P..;lN.d wa^ |
just the same as N... 1. T!.i. ti^M o-ntaii..! ...lit
ami om-'-lourtli acres, and lia I -'.Hpinn-^I .-rn -n u,
makin- lOcs] bushels to the acre.

No. ;i ha<l never given us a heavy crojiif my hni 1.
it layabout a mile IVwi.i thr ))arn-yard, ainl lever
had but one coat ul bam-} aid i.mimh-. it bad been
Hm.,'.latdiirerent tunes, and iiad bo-ai m -ra-s abtuU
six years previous to being plowed. It was limed un
the sod in the tall ot 'oL Thinking deep plowing
uiiglit have some eli'ect on it, we plowed it some two
iudies deeper than ever belore. After the corn came
up it received about 400 lbs. Chappell's fertilize [. i
acre, and was culLivated tiio same as the others. The
Held contained ten acres and .sixty-nine perches, and
produced 'J'Jd bushels in the whole; making 'Jo J bu.

to the acre.

No. 4 was on a farm two miles or more distant
from the home place, and was not under our immedi-
ate oversi^rht. It wa^ pl-wi'd witb a WiLy [.l.w,
with ore pair Ml iniib'- attach. 'd, and of iMiir-.- wa-
not pLiWoti d''''iK li wa- imi'd wn lb.' ^o^ ju^t b. Imiv
plowing, and all'T the eom w a- up, \vr appli-d al)')Ut
,;(j) ll)s^ pa- a^T- IM It ni r!iap[H'ir.> f'Tt i ii/.-r. Tb-'
deed was not good, b^'ing picked pn.iiii.>cuwu>!y tmt
ol the crib just belore planting, iind at lea^^L oie -
ei;:hth ot it never came up. It was re-planted, but
the re-plants never came to much. Included in the
iield was a new clearing, of some three acres, and
which was outrageously ston^ , and witbal so gras-
sy, that the hoes though well applii:d, omld iiuL pre-
vent the i::rowth of much of u. It was worked by a
onediorse cultivator entirely, and by hoes.

Tlie tield contained 2d acres, and produced 1812
bushels of corn, which is 78'^ bushels to the acre.

All the lields were ajcurately surveyed by a prac-
tical surveyor. The corn was all carefully measured
in a iKirrel })y two persons, and the number of bar-
rels carefully ntjted down. The Ijarrel was of the
largest size flour casks, and was always heaped as
much as wouhl lay on it. This same barrel was fill-
ed by the same persons that filled ail the others, and

in th(; sanni way, with the same amount ot corn,
which was then sludled, and the shelled corn niea-
.sured, and the calculation made from that. Field No.
2 had some of the largest and Imest cars on li that
we ever saw. One weighed one pound and thirteen
ounces, and there were many others as heavy, if not

heavier.

We think it likely that the agrienliural Halts in-
creased the crops in lields o and 4, some eight or ten
ijushels to the acre.

Thr; vitdd <it tlu'se fields are consid r.ibly ab.aul,

we ba\riva-in b) \n:\\''\'\ -Itl"' ii\'a-a-f m-p. nf nur

1 lui! :tnd a"tld.k- '"•. I -"n.ty ; but sv,- see n^. re.i.on why Ue'V >l-uld be

' so. W >' u^c no nia;^i^', nritlirr ib. we r.-ort In p')W-
ta-bil and tr.m^l.nt >tinudants. rhnn>U'j/i wurking
of tb.- bind, w- o>n-/id.-r the ebn-f agrnl of our mic-
cess. Who i.^ ibrr." that eannoL do that? Fiv«- years
•L -o wr r;Li-'d H'r: bu-ln'l. ul' eorn to the ai re on a
tbdd r.[ nraily nin- ;ur- <. lint we rtla.\-d no •■ll'ort,
:ui<l nuw wr hav.', ou a small ti.ld, b-atiii that.
Who will li-al us? 1^- •'• ^'^•

iiopcwcll Cotton Works,

dies. CO. Pa., dan. 'J'>;b, lSo;b

-•••

For tho Farm .Jounml.

DiiTdbu.s loi- .>lr..sining < a({lt>oa. l„ ..sctrUiu
theii S\ eiglit wliile la\iMg.

SELECTED liV J. M. HAIILAN, FROM A lOKElGN WORK.

Tbl^ 1^ «.t tb- I'n-L utility for all those who ar.- not
experienced jutlges l)y the eye, bn- b) iilbiw.n;; tbe-so
direction.^, they will como to the weight NMtiim a

mere trifle :

Take a string, ].ui iL round ui'.^ beast, standing
square, just behind the shoulder-blade; mca>ur^' on
afoot nil- tie) feet and inches tie- aiiimal \h in nr-

,,,,,,U'Vrnr>- : this is rali-l th-.rlh; th.n with the
,tnn-, ni-MMire ironi that bone oilier tail which plums
tb.. luP' wiLii lie- hindtn- part ot tie. buttock ; direct
jl,,. biic' along tie- bark f, the hire part ol th- sboul-
,ba--blad.- ; take the .llnn-nsions on the bM.t-rule as
p.,ti,,,.^,vbiclii. lb. 1-nglii, and work the .hgures m

ib'^ tolhiNMng nianntT ;

it. m.

Girth of an ordinary bullock, - - - b— 1
Len-lh alon- the back, ^—•^

Whirl,, multiplied together, make ;;1 .-i>';uv su-
perficial loct. That again mukiplie.l by 2;i,tb.nn.n-
ber of pounds allowed to each ^iperticial toot, ol all
cattle measuring less than 7 and more than 5 feet m
.rirth, makes7l;Mbs.; and allowing 14 lbs. to the
stone, is 50 stone, i;i lbs. Where the animal mea-
sures less than 'J and more tlnni 7 b-^l in girth, .51 is
the number of lbs. to each s.ptar- superlb lal l^wt.

Again, suppose a pig or any small b.^asfc should
mearure 2 feet in girth, and 2 feet long.

Girth of a small pig, ^ feet.

Length along the back,

Wh-^ch, multiplied together, makes 4 square feet.

'" itccordance wfil, ., ^.c i .•
■"-tin. b, whioh tho c,u St „""■"; °' •"" '-

^•-■■'■'■nx.dt.meton;.,., ,,;:'''•*''';'■'•--«..'

il'at multiplied by J I /H„. ■ ~— ^

'"' •-■''''I' -luaro f,i of ^'"^ '"' "^ "•''• ""'"^ed

Length, ... " ■ " - -1 ft. (i in. '

;Vl.ie,,, nu-hipMod toiotia-r", mak'cs .,'," ' "
Tlio s,,uaro .su|R.rliei.,l Lt ' " '''''^■'' If'J «.li..iro ft.

p'-j ->. 10, tii ^v ;:^t: :.:' T '" '"'"^' "'

«uWn-ie.sstlKui,-, ..,„i,„ T ',' ""''" *" ''" '■^•"1" n„ , """■" "..u .' ■...ark.s • "- '' '""'O' ■■^ul.mit

2C-Hb..:wl,i,.|,, ,i,v„i,,j I ',,""■,■ '■"■""-'''"'• ">^'koi '"-^''l'.'>ti,,„ .n,„„„l,il, ,1

i»l«H.ono, IL'JU- • "■"■■"■"'^''' ""-^..m..s, :'■""■■'' ■'"'-,„ , ' i,,,,'; ' "'■"■■ - I'-'.:.!.!,...

""n, .«-i.,r .)„. ,,„,,,„^,, , '"■\''" ^"..v ,^,.„p,„a-
""■'''--Jwi.iW. .t :'■;'''••''■' ■'•^■^''■^'■■■~' ''-

pound.,. ' "'^'"^ '" ^'V"l« b, .u.v .,.hcr„u,„a„f!

tedlt7^'ifi:r''''^■■''''••'^-^).a''-fa^' , , ,ot.H„o, , ■

«"J fur a cou- t h u ■ ^^' " "'" "'■ '^ f'« one • '"""■'■ '" --'-' a .pint of in ' "■■^' *""

' "' """''"=■• f-""t boiu,p„.pe,,v (at "'^■'" '0 J-Mo their value u"?V '"^"^^^

Jan. 8th, 1803. '■ '^- n. •^"'"'"'''""^ '^ ''- '-.s of nan,,: "' '''''"'' ^"^

T M ( !..t , ,., .. ■ , •

I

^'■''' '''''■I''.-'— ».-! wi, V7' ■^'": ■''"•■'-■"'-

l'iM..-..sp,.,,s. ' '"'™"'" tl.e .U.XC.3 of

, '''"''■'■'•■''^i";^' tl- task ui;h,i:(Ii,I.,, , ,

'■■■'-■■'■-n-aM,,,,,n;,,i,;V'''':'''''^-^'^ ''•--'

''"--^' ' Von ;:::;:i,' ':'";,''';""'■-' P--

•"•V"'"""^ ■" i-'-on:"';:;;'":'^ ;■'-'";

'■"'"■'■ '•' awa!:,.,i.n s,.;„;. ,<• . "^ "' ""'«», but

Vog,.(al,l,. \,„,i,i„„.

Kor llic K.nrm Journal.

■i^ writer in 111,. ,
^'''-.or, ,..a; t r2;:-'^'-^n,.e A,ba.,-

coiiiurmitj CO tiio iaw.s

-y-d.t,.e,u.tio„';;.: .3:^::;'-''-.i'' ^

'"■a I 1.1.100 of vo-etation r. ^ ^"'"' " "' "'"-

we find .some .r.ini . ,?' . '''^"" «-^«- ^Vhile

ll.e theory, Innvever, as then,. ,.,1. , ,, • . "thei-s ini..l,tti.r '?,"''■ "'■"""- •'"'■'■-.

complote in its details, as „.., ,., ;;' '""• ,■•' ^° '"■ 'si „„ .C-Jif n "" I'"" '-'■'■'> ■' -..v,.,. a,„

«■• sufficient «n„„„, ,,,,^.,. ,„ ^ "-'' - -; -a.l- .„,, ,„,„.„;,, ■'■; ' "'"I-- La.l „„,. , „ ,„,.,^,,

" ?'-IJKroatIv aid H,.. ,...„. ,','" !-''"'""-'- „.■»■ ,,,a,„ ■',.:""' -",""-'■ ''-U-l.t f„nl, a

to their produotions. , ,,„,,,, '"' "'■""' "■"""^ ..a'-^ 1.,- a l,,.,.- , , " ""'^■''^ -ill,,,,,;;,.,.,,,;.

«'" Ji-u,ssions, and to n. it ,;"'"'- ' " '^' '' '''''- i'^'i - .1,.^ .:?.,;■ '■', "'■''''y '--'■ ''- I--

"o' reauirod that tho a o.-' , / '' r"'"''"'"^ " '« i «-"« a.^aii, u n '" '■'"'""■" ""'■'- ' -'i.

But when a writer en «: e VCto '"'i'''^ '""""• '^'^^''^ -J- ; .7 \^f ""^ ^^ '"' ^^^ being put too
^•e-vod theories as laid doVn I, f """^•''' "'" '" ' J"e regard s^ Z 11 i , T ""'" '''' ""^' ''" "" '^••'««».
-J ^awes, and .J^ZrlTT" , '" ''''''"' ' -"-at" tea ,, th ^ T "" '^"'^ "' "— '^b'

tl'ink the reader entitled tn "''" ^ ^•""''' "^""c, I ; il^ ,„ the u f . . ''' "''" ^^^etato as ro..d-

of the eonflietingtl ' /" """?,"'"" ■^"^'"- ^'-bin w i ' "^.T -''V'''^' '^''-- -'-tion, when

I'-r has not ^-ffit-ient J^defiLrL""'-;'"' '"" ''"" , '"'•"' -'- e ^ Uart'""'""^ •"' '"-'"^ """ '""'^■

"'.s r apprehend I will be :r P '"""''"'' "' •'*l"'^t of you ^1,!.^ '" ^•''"'^"^""" i.. all cases.

«f the ai'tielein que iorTn^H '^ "'^"^ ^-''" i J-bt e.x Con 1 "7 ?""-'"' '■"'""""- '-- "«
f"n.i.sh the readers of he r u '" ""'"'"" P'«--*«e ' tago • S , If , • '" ^■""'' '■"«■■'■' and dis.tdvan-

of his theory ? wVel J^^ •"'-"- with the details ' up" n tl b'st , "'° '^"' ^""^ "''-' and put it

->».J..,o.,;rir:;-;\;;;';;;'S.'-2;:;

1853.1

rOMMUXTOATIONS.

:m

\ .uti..i. wiiil<; many hoa.ls bein;- left on the ground,
hta HPn.iit.'d to considerable length. This is conclu-
j,ivo evi.lonco, that so far as vegetation is concerned,
'vhoat d.»os not ro.iuiro to be deeply l.uried, but will
most readily germinate on tli' surface, or ])y being
"ut in deep enough only to aflford the necessary heat
Ind moisture. And as our mode of treating it should
bo as nearly in accordanc<' nm'Ii tlie laws of nature
as may possibly be, we are led to th- .• -nclusion
that it^hould, in all cases, be covered ninuirh mily to
pn.tectitfruMi tl.." '•//•''//'' ^- "/h-rifan'J rnhl, in whlrh

places, so that it will not liavc sullicient room f<)r a
vigorous and healthy gruwiii, leaving none at all in
others. The former m;iv frequeuily be seen by the
presence »>f inmy Ip-ad- <>!' ;i dinntiutive size, Lliclat-
ter, as a natural consequence, by the entir(» absence
of any. Thus, we may c<mclude that by harrowing
in wheat, a great deal of the seed is entirely lost, not
only by not being covered at all, but also by being
buried too de(q)ly, or not en'iu;i;h so. In th.' later
case, it is also more d[)i lo )"■ Nsintcr-kili. !.

The ]i]'.\v is u^cd by many of our fiuiinrH in pr* -

1m' '-unhMl, in a L^rtMt nit-asuri^ liy th<- time, ' f.-rmce to the harrow, and is, no (haiht, \jn.itT many

circumstanr.'s, superior to it ; but it is, pf-rhajis,

chirtlv u-.Mh only h.rthfwant ofii ]><■*[<']' iniph'iiient.

Its u-'' is t!; ■n<'r;i!lv attend"'. I with ;in iiifrcii^'' t»l hi-

. ,. 1 ! hur S.I mil 'h -o. that th" ditl'.Tcne • of it uhfie', lor

arc mtormeo , ■ i

;i f.'W seasons tak'-n t..;.-;*'!!!"'!-, w.iuM purelia-o miph-

ment^ mm-li hrtt'T suited to tie' jiui-po^t'. l/ik.- har-

rowlnir. jih",i.r|,ii,^r in ;i;rain i^ aUo a w.istin;: ol s.mmI.

,. , . B \ 1 Whih" it i-, in tj;.'m'ral. m )re elh-etiv.' iii eoV.Ting

*hiin the trea.ni"- <. th-Mr o.xrn, asses, &e. And , , ..

than me Li. a ,_ t],,. ....-h thm- i< >till s.-nn- h-lt unr .v-nd, an.d the

liavinf*" been thu- rn.'.'v m-enariMl t)rt..re s.iwm.'- t le' ' ■ ' .

' » , ' 1 • • 1 restonit'' nie'vcm v, \n ne n \mU, ol course, make Us

rice tlM- saiiv- ^vas alterwards coveiMMl ni a smnhir , '^'"^^ 1 • • , , , i .

^^^^' , 1- , Ml • aiinraraie'.- at ditr.Trnt tpTio.!^. and h.- ne.r" or less

manii'T, hv these untutored cultivators. OileTsa-am, 'Ml . , , ,, ■, i i ,,.;,.„

, ,, , , retarded, crowd • I aiel nnc.,u illy nouii^le' 1 during

instead of the strong and wcll-CMnstru.-t-l harmw.s ' , ," ■ i i.., Iv m^

"" , , , t 1 i 1 its growth, and Siunc, perhaps, hunc I .v.. .l-cpl} as

that .arc found up.,,, our ,a,„.-, !,:.! a l^U^.. w J^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ .j., ^ ^^j^.^,_^^^^^ .^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^

or the branches of trees coarsely fed together, and .„^^^j t^^,,,„^.,„ Harrow, as a medium between
dra^^'^ed over the ground. \\\ many countries still, \ , • i • „ ^ . „',thnv nnrlor

wooden harrows are more conjiiiou than ih.i>e when

we lUU^t lie ;:
soil and eliniate.

As t' hlln^•l^cnt^^ the jiarr.iw, or sometliing sim-
•j^.. ,, -,-, u;... piMhahly one ol' tie' lir>t mad"
use uf fnr |iuitin- in -rain. \V
that in some of tie- Oiiciital count ric-, the mar-li- ,
es au'l w.'t ground^ alon- t lie riwrs were prepar- ^
od for th"! reeei.tl.m .if the rice by no olh<'r tillage |

nd'

grace our farm-. And in every instance, it will Ixj
seen that th*,' iiuprovenient ol imphmrTit- has kept
rcnilar T>ace witli the ad\an<'cne-!it ot au-rie'uhura!
science itself— leaving us still, as ever, m an a;r - -1
improvement. A h'.rg*,' proportion oi the wh-at now
sown, is, nodouht. put in hythe harr..w, jirincipally,
perliai.>, h. 'cause iL is a cle-ap in-triimeiit, and will
Hii-W' r the p\irpose. FrMUi what ha^ been said re-
!-|.ectiii:i; the vej-.'tation of wheat, the impre-'^ion miirht

the two, and is, perhaps, superior to either, under
certain cireum>tanee8. l»ut tie- whole ^y.-t.an of
bro a IcaM ->wing is more .-r le^-> defective, compared
with the oMre r.'_nilar one uf drillin;:, wi,icli i> ma-h'
;i;, parent hv it^ \iel.^!nL^ ir. mo<t ea-es, less 1-' r acre
irom the same (piantity of seed, and many limes,
even from a larger (juantity.

Prills were utterly unknown until ^om^ timo m
the .^ixte.'iith .-entury, and t- the .-..h-hrat-l ./ /Ara
Tun is aeeorde(l the le.nor oi havlii- heen mie <,[' tlio

h machi-

,„.,.|,;u,-, I,.. I.r, nn th.. mi,..ls uf s.,„„., that it was lirst t„ , ..r,,..t a,,.l mak. ex,.. n,,,..,,,s « ,.h m

Ih.. ..alv ,.,-,.,,..r i„su,iu,..,„ ; b-.t a. it ,„..st !,.• ,„■..- ..■•.•.>• in 'I'" ^^'t "I' '"'>"-■ I'"' '''•'" ^"^ -'■''"fl

te.-t. .1 IV.:,a .1 x!n.n,..^ ,.f heat a„.l coM, .m-l (..r a ^n-a. i,„|..-.v,.,....t .,,■.... all ..th.T „n|.l....,..„.s, but

,.;l,..,- ,.:,„-..., w.. lio.l it. us,. att..n.l...l wi>h .b..-l.b-.l lik- ..^.■,■,v thi,,^' ..U^' in th.. ,„'...^,-s- ..f „..l.r..v,a..''n.-,

disadvanta-^.s. Aft.^r sowing a r,..l.l broa.l-cast. a,. 1 i' "as vi.....! as an i,n,„va.,..,. ..)..... tb 1 -tal,-

harrowing over il, there is frequently, ii not always,
a considerable quantity left uncovered, which is gen

lished customs. T.ut after rei-at 'd triaN and e.Kp.-r-
iments, it established succes.sfully its claims and su-

» cousiueraoie quaniiiv leii uiicoveieu, >> iiiv.ii lo jj-^.i . , ,

erally destroycl bv the fowls of the air : if not, it porio,„y, a„.l bu, 1,„1.. ub... is ""^ «»» ■;;,'' "

w:!l i,a,„..,r,a,..lv vegetate, a„.l, suLjo..,..! ... ,be , o.i-t i,. ,1... .....s. highly .■.,l..va....l '"'-•■"'■-'•

scorching heat of th.. -„„ f.,- a f..w .lavs, i> witi,..,-, ' a s,,,-.. |.rc.s..g.. -f its neaat. ll ■- ..-;. -.I.v a «
anddb^s? Actual experiment basal-.: sb.,un that 1 of 8oed, wbb-b al...... i. a consulorat...,, ..1 .... 1. ^^

some which was sligblly covered anl exposed to the importance, b.it facilitates labor as ^"'"P'"; ; '
im,„e,liatc action of the rays of the sun, s,, ,„„ „,, the plow, a,..l besides, it seems " '<=-;■ ''>

suddcaly.bat not having BU.l.cent -th to re.ain .ulapted to conformity ...1, ,be '- ' ^^^ "

the requisite amount of moisture, soon laJcl awa.v, , av„i.nn.., expos,,,, a la,,... ,...rt,.,n ..f .!> e don

wbil. th.tt which was slightly shado.l, perhaps by a surface, by cover.og ,t all. wi„.b .< al.-..b.t.l> n.

few clods only, was enabled to retain its moisture,

and consequently grew up vigorously. I>ut again ;

unless the ground is entirely free from all rubbish,

the harrow is very apt to drag the grain together,

thus distributing it unequally, crowding it in some

sary for its protection, m our < lim ite ; as also its
being buried too deeply, which is a material injury
to it^ vegetation. A greater number of acres can be
sown per day, more evenly covered, thus considera-
bly lessening the cost of agricultural labor, and giv-

'.'"'> {

300

COMMUMCATIOXS.

''<«C1I.

ing .t all an o.,u;il cl.anoe to come tomatmifv r I.- ", ~ =-- — ^'

cast, i„ manv in.e.„,l r.! .. ' "'"" '""" l"-oad- J II„!stoin, so fa,n,.,I f„. .r," . "."P"^' ' '^""t tl,r,„.:

- ... man, in.taneo, f.,,. uv.nt, to t^^^^ | "'- ; r:!:.r: f-";'!/"; "'"-ein Z^J.
per cent., and s„me tiiiios even more

;^o .ai, u.t a. t,..e ....1^::;, ,:;';:,:;::':'

tracted lH.,ond their i„ten,l,.,l ,1,,,;,. r ,v 1 '

-t. wever. wi.Mhe p ....:.;:':,::;;;

ad-.pt ,„y vuMv. M,„,,K, Ku, ,.,„,i,l,.,„lv i;„„„„' , 'T' "*" ■■"'"^■-' ^i'' '--"in, uu.:., IZ,
to.)ud«o r,ir v..n,.,.|,,.. ' "i-'i. Iull_v -avin;;„C tl,..n.«.l„.,.,U ,|,..,v / i ' ' ''^ the

"' ";'i:;'-'-i-ai,ui,..„age.

ii.e Outd.y of JI„l,t„i„i, ,;,''• ,

ou,,o Ki,., .he. it fl.. ,•„,;;:;! ;^^ -..h

>'1I'0 i« one of the largest riv.Ts in C "• ^^'

eo..r.eof.00n,i,e..u;on,,,.?:rr;';2 '" i.
f-e";n.an,,,t bring, dou „.,;,,, .,,|,.vi ', f"'''" "f
-thrownbaektotheslH,re..,th ;,.''•''• ^'-'''^^

'''"-"'"-" -i'- '- in. „n J;;::,;:';""

to jud^e for v..m>t.Jv('s.
Jn C(>nclusion, J 1;,.., v-in -.rt . t-

r.it.M

^'i ff'■^^ on l,,.\u;^ th. statr n, "tl.

^^■s to r,.t I,,.,, f 1,,.,.

'•vpniti^r j^

tllp

tract., in eonlirm:Ui.m of ,„v ,.:-, l.-n ,„•,. l ,• ,1 ] u '"'' ""' '"-""'■■'■• 'I

Mr. John Jones, of New C.mI,.. eunnu, ' I.,.!!,;.;; | "''f "T.''"- "'■' -■■'-' '''-'-' --"n ,.,„. „ ,, .
ay V'When I oonunenecd dnlli,,,, .„;, ,;„, .J :'".'' ^""^ ''i""^' "- -,.,• K,„„ ., ,„„ „, ,; '"'

three >-oars, I was ridiculed ^v ,„v „..|,.hbors. ,'.„ i'' """ "'" '""■'■'"■ "^ -" i« I ' u 1 ""

would advise me to take the I.:,,,],:,,,,.,., 1 . "'' ^'""*'' '""''■ 1' ' "■■ '^ >'. .. n , ■ J- ''"""'

It up, and cook my dinner wuh it. 1, ,,.„,,;, , ' "^ "'« ^""^ '" ""P.^rt the iloUtei,, Cu,,,. l.^l f.T

regarded their jeer., an,l per..evered. A,,! ; p-k-...re i. .N„ „„,„„,„,,. '"- -'-the

best evidence that I can po.^ibiv brio.". ,:„.„„■ I ,'

fact that all my neighbors have adopted"the drill , r
soHin"- the r H-henf ,,,,,1 ,. ' _/ "nii lor

'■"■'■•■I'l'v,.:,,. „f,o.vs d.v.lope th,.„,.,lve, i„
.-l--;.u as 'i.e cows are well taken caro of a
.a,eanchp:.t„re. l>l.osph.te is a m .in re i i

■■ ■. " -. on.er..mall grain I '" ^'•"^"'■e ".e ,|uality and „uantitv of ,„IL tl

am n.uch.n favor of sowing with the .ini' i , J;;''"" ''-.nsylvania is deliJe '^ ' „ '''

thm sowing. I harvested /»„..,/„.,; , , , ' ' " .-!.t„ ,s..,,,... ,, :, ' "•'""■ '" our

„ • , . '^ •■•••'- uuoiiieu tne (In for

«ow,ng the.r wheat and most other ..,„all gr i .

am much in favor of .sowing with the ,i,, if
tlun sowing 1 harvested tweuf,,,o„r U.^u.,. ,,.,
aere from a field of ./,/</y ..eres in Is ,; ,,,„„ , ,J.

^'.A/w«-w/busheis.owing.„,,,..,,,;;;'.:' ;■

also says: -The cxpei-iments with the drill •, i
broadeastonDr.C.Noble-s«eld.resu,te,ii '.ii
of /wen/!,.sarn bushels per acre of ,,,„„,,.., .,
7 '>-hels had been sown : and M./.-//,.. ,„., . :,;:

aro,bes„|,.-„„. sa>i„.ofse.,. T,„. viMd of ,
dt.o,,.,Uu-..u„n,l..^,lnlledaen..lL' ,„.,.•,.„„, y, , ,
of additional wheat on ,l,..Jnll,.,l acre-, ,

For a more full account, see iV.'/;/ r)/r n
for 1«J« li-^ , ""^» at>t Ya/</i/j O/icc Report

for 1848, page 407 ; also Monthly Journal „f .Agri-
culture, for 1840, vol 1, p. 5>«;.

An account of very interesting ex,,.ri„„.„N ,„ „!,.
bjaniomber of the "Society of IV,;.,„N-,„;

ea rncattl.:u...sup.-i,.. ,,,!,.,>,,,,, ^^^^^.
^^ 'f •' tho app.ndagc of a pompous podii^^roo.

-•♦^

Fi.r L!if F.iiiii Journa],

Hybrid Ducks.

,1 ,,, , , , ^^'^ tlioa-s.scrlinn i„ tl,.. I^^kg*

1^"^^';'" •'"^''';''>'-^^P^^>^ony.rn,..ni..^..,aeo^
n on auc., -.wll pair with the common drake and
pwducc a good sort,'' ever been v,,,/; .,1 i

'" ' ""'f'v I-"k.— nonsen.sloal?

before the Councu'Jf thr'^^^^i, A^ricl^^uril'^S ' -^ I ^'"? ^'?'"''"' '" '"'^^^ ^^'^^^ ^^^^^'^ J'"- - l^'L
ety of England," prove, that wide dnin !! i Sd ' Zl 1 ^^'^T ^ ''"' ' " ' ''^ ^^^^ ^-^^'^^•^-

i^iore per acre H.nn „.. ., " ^'^^^ '\^^\ ^•^•'^^e size and h ,...,.„,! ..ppearance were much

admired, Ti,,,, ...._„ „ , .

' ^ ""'" '^^ *J"iiinor "Will VIP d

of^ied" tT-:;,""" "^""'■' ^^''" ""^ ^-- ''"-%

rii-y were as mud, n, ,].,n;uui i.r hnvu-
in- stock, as .Mr. X.wI.mM's Capons.

-apart See Monthly .Jo.rni; :fi;7i;;:t -'''''''' ^ ''^- ^■■" -^''-'apons.

1840, vol. 1., p. 401. - ^'" O, r,l„.nucstof ,he duck,, w.. K-opt all l,.t

SAMUEL BTIUGGEK If''""'" "'"' ^^ '"-"'■ '-""'mon drak,.. )„,. never pro-
^ j duced an egg. Will she begin when a year older to

Atmin "•,"""^*' - --- -nr "rrstrmr"

A premium has been awarded at the late exhibi- I

♦American VoxxMry Yard, by Brown.

COMMTNICATinxS.

307

rtM

For the Ftirm Journal,

,\ ^loil.l It. MM.

I A C>,rro.p'.ndont s.'uds us the loUowin? account of
, M,Kl..l H^rn, on the farm ol (l:,r,jc mUnn, hU^-,

„.arlb-llvilk-^ll«i"«""^"-^' ''^'1 ^, , . ,

It is a hundred and seventeen feet long, by sixty-

,„e wi<lo; there is stabling «nd,r the whole, except a

' „Mn shed a?tbe one end, the whole w.dtb »f wlu.-b

i.'t*onty-tivo feet, :u, 1 i- a- long as the baro ,. wide,

coutincd, 1 kucccmmI 3(1 in raisin;^ more ehickens llian
many of the large farmers in the vicinity, who gave
theirs the ran^e of tlieir lar^e domain.

Tlu! prai^tice obsorved was this: — On t ikiii;:; tlio
hens irom the nesl, I tu'd thciu Lo a k-iintl, laid
len;:;thwirte on the ground, where they wore allowed
to remain until the chicks became large enough to bo
phvced in tlu: yard. Ww 'w was to the feed that 1 at-
tributed mv Huccess. On taking th(^ chi('kH fr. m tin-

. 1,. to* drive tlirough; an :ir'-!i- 1 cAVxv .4 ^"^^^^'^y ,^^^.^^^ \ [^..\ ^],,^^^ ^n Irird hoilcd €[)<J3,<:\\<^y\'^-^\ ^

III ll !l f,

j-,,t in l.MV'th, .'unl .■1,1.; urt-nwnk-.tak... upapa.t
,^rth.' w,i-..ii^li'-'i. At-v.Mh>'.slahhn-atv thr hay-
'|_'^,„,. ji,'^n s.n-rn ..r fi-ht h^t abuve i.s tlie mam
|;|,,',,;,.;,i,,,.,li.Nvhul.. l.n;rthnriin> barn-the .n-
tP,n... b.in/at tln'md; und-T this i.s another lloor
j^^rtv l,y .ijlii'-n Irri running a.-n.ss th.' barn —
u,,,! i,,;-.l.ann. -grain; und.T tin' main lloor aro th-
grin-no.^.--'>n» tTili> a.r." ovrr th." wagon .h^d un
eithersidcoitli.npi.T tloor -^ihr.shmg nnud.ni.' i.
arranged wuh hm-^' powr m th.- mam lloor al one

!,,r th<' iir-t l-w ilayH. W ii'O tw.. (-r \\wy- dav^ nld
1 "-ive thfin an alh'rnatr If'd n{ »• -ni nwal, slightly
danij-tened, l.ul .■ntir''ly disfard'.l all ^l^ppV nil .Mnics.
Ai't'T til'' clap-'' »'!' a v^i'.-k or t^'ii days, I (•..nun -ni-fd
giving tli'-ni ii-'n''r irhiiil, wliirh 1 iiavc invanahly
loimd to :igi-r.. with tin'in hrlt.T than any olln-r gi'ain.
I .-^tilk Ihiwrvcr, fuiitinu.'d t'> I'^'d tli" egg nntill they
,r,,| t,, I,,, ten da\s or tW'> w.ck- old, and what sccni-
rd to be nio-t >iie.rulai- wa^, I had n^t a >ing!.- ease
,,t gapes in tip; \vl»ole' tl otk. Tiiat il was atirihiita-

Bide so a^ n^t t.. 1.'' at all in the way, and the horses | ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^ ^.^^ j ^^.^.^,,^ ^|^,,,,, | .^,,, i,,ll y saLi^iied. U was

w.-iK in u.c waguu .u.d bcneath,-an upright post

pa.ssing through the floor, and cmnected with the

cenamiy >ei;v paiulaOiu lo incm, and in my opinion,

is tie- most nalii,<il FmhI that can 1w gi\fn to Ihf nrw-
Iv liatrheil chiek. W hrt ii-'i iir w to y^^wv nimnrons
readers or not, lam n-t aldetosay. Th.' -ani" prac-
tice was adopted by some of my aciiuaintances with
like success.

T. however, from the small amimnt of liberty on-

,„^,„ ,,;,eeh ilm>.'.s and driver are always in the
Jry— prot-M [.MJ lr..m a leit >un m warm A.'atieT, and
from the chilling blasts of the cold, inch ne nt sea-
son. The straw and other things lor the manure
yard passes out in front over a scalfold level with the
upper floor, wliieh it at 1.m>i UN.mty Icet high, making .^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ,^ ^^.^^ .^ ^_^^^^^ ^.,,.,^^- ,^^,|,, ^j^,.,,,,^. ^,,

^^' ! eont.-nd with. 'I'ii-v.rmin !.<■, ans.. very iinm r-iis,

tli.' IViMi use of

>^' ! 1 e • 1 1

1

.uccc'lcil in -ni'oMin,

it very easy t- jait out a larg.' amount of >trau

hay all descends seven or eight h^ei hclow iho upper

floor before it rcarlns th- l)otlom ol the uiow, ^o ,_^,.,.j^^,, ,^^,j,-,^.|, [ ^ogard as the cheapest :inl ne-t .'on-

thatit is no troui.l.- t . unload it. hut witle-nt a more | '^i^^^^j,,,^, vmedv, and if ])(>rs«^vered in will nhimit.'ly

minute diseription 1 must say that tiii> is tie- most
convenient barn that I ha\.' ev.u" .sr-n. h is not the
"dnul)le docker" barn (d' whitdi ther-' are many m
Honi' jails, hut this one wa-- planned by th(M>wnur,
projp.-i.Mi hy him alone, his carpenters working lo-
ins dnvetions. 'I'ho wholo cost was al)out :>;;,<)(HI— it
is on 11 line farm id' near two hundred acres of tillable
land. 1'^- !•'• ^^'•

t'Xtcrmmat- tleuii. 1 have tre-l it. and alth-ngk not
new to vour rcadi,-rs, I de.sirc to add my t.-timojiy m
favor of its !:;enera] use. -l'- '^ • I*- " •

Mk. KditoK:

For til.' F;irm .lourniil.

I<'attcning Poultry.

iM-om an ..Id work ()n Agriculture

. 1

<«••- • , '

rMrth.-F:irni.To.inial. ' p,,|,p,slied in Ku -land s. .lie" M.xty yoars >ine.', i ex-

Managfinrnt of Pm.Ur>. ^ ^^^^^ ^,^^ following rem irk- in r.-l ition to th- lattrn-

Mlncv, Ta., i>cc. lIOLh, 1852. .^'^^ ^^ poultry, Avhich are at your service.

Messrs. Editors: —

As you sokfit'-d in a lat.> num-
ber of your vrdn able d.uirnal, an exposition oi the
views and experience of those engaged m agneulturo
and the rearing of stock, lam induced to give you
my experience in raising Poultry. 11 ivinglroin my

youth had a strong atttichment for the feathered I with water, so

rAMFMNo riHCKENS.— Very short time is neccs-
.sary. If a chicken i. not fat in a week, it i- diM.un-
percd. Poultry sleuild b- fatt.aicd in .-oops kept ve-
ry clefin. Tliey should be iurni'Ie'l uitli-ra\-L but
with no water." Their only food barky meal, in'oxed
thin as to serve them for drink. Th- ir

tribe, I procured, about a year since, a line pair ot
Chittagong chickens, wiiich 1 placed m company
■with six other hons. (the common duni-hili lowl,)
and from the seven hens I raised upAird^ of 130
chickens the past season. I confined the laying hens,
together with the chickens, after they became large
enough to be mischievous in the garden, in a yard
not exceeding twenty feet square, and although thus

thirst makes them eat more than they would, in ord. r
to extract the water that is among their food. This
should not b- put in troughs but laid upon a board,
which should be washed clean every time fresh l-od
is put upon it. It is foul and heated water which is
the soul cause of the pip. The preventive is obvi-

ous.

Fattening Geese.— As soon as the frost has set in,

,1" - . jBi

,?r,8

(^OMivfuyrcATro.vs.

i"(, cries of those kopt f^r I..vin<r tk ^" ^"^' ^'"^'ly dividod «ffifn r • ' ''^^^tion.

••"'•'•"■■«ivin.l,o,lva,„l,inu...sV r''"^"""

'" "'.V mind, Hi,. ,-|„.,„|,..,] .,

mod tvvico -i J..,r i • * tlion cram-

<^au.se the bill of the J^ , ^ ,"" '"'''"■""

a rrndi.Mo„s f, '„; "'^""■--•""•.^— n.-,,nir,..l""" -1-it that it ,•,,„ ,.„•,.,, .,| ""■ '="'

onop.,,,,.]. „ ,, ,,' , ■ '''■"'"■■'■ ".lu^hslV,,,,,''-^ that tl,..se rlV...;. , ., • . •"■"■'"■. I coo-

eat.; hut has a :,i ;:;::::'■-;;'•;-■' -'■•n-

t'"- liver of the d„ek ha. n , '" ''""••"'"'''

:::;rs;:r"^-''"^'^^''-'''^'''''^'^'^^^ioh

/; '''^': ^^'^'^^ ^'»e same as tho toi!,u... I

Here is the process for fatt

'■"'": 'i'"-Iv^. f <Ionot

"' """^"■■'l'>-^'irli..d„,,h,..aJrcand , '"'"

^'""•"■'^■■< Mhat this m!n„t .; """"""■'"

"■the acre, whi.-h , „,; . '"'l''-^' '^''^ i-Ms

<l'-.h.u.,.al,.„ ', • ••■•"«"iorod a („||

know how it willsul, ih. tastes .,,,1 • r •

jt'ur reaaers: but pf>rf.» ini,- *i i • ' ui

that have hoon.nZlt,^. ""•' "'"'^ "^ •"^''""' <l»>'k«
F..TrEN,x,V l)t,CK -When th' \" ,"""' '^'"'^''"'•- - '''" ''"'' '"^'^'^ ""'' '^n -re contains 4' ^ro r

bv the u.sua. .od^ „, I dTn^iheT.:,.-^ ^7' •^- '" ' ^-rf't'-f ^' "T ""'"" ""'^ --- ' ^^0^^^^
conipaniesof oi-htin-, I.,-!.^ ^ ■''- >iiut ,:,.„. ^' ^ ^^^^t for ,,,,i, ,.„si„.i „f ,j,„, -,, / /^o have

ui uny aie not a bit the wor^o f,,,. ;f

<IeJcarei.takentobIeedthe„,dir V ■ ''T'-
tunatebird. pa,..sU,,.iMir..,a,da^ ^/ '"''■'■■

oTr'n '■"'■;""''''■' '■■■'''^- •'■'■'■■ ■■-■-'^

n.o.n without brea,i.i,„, ^VU.u L^'^TT,r\ '!' , ' i", T^ "'"" "'^^™«^"'Pi'' '"ves, I an, nnaM,.,..av

spread,, out like a (an thevi a, ' f - h ""' •^''''^'''''•'^ ''-''' -'^'^-^

They are then turned out t„ ,,,„,, ' , , ' r!""^' ' ' T "" "'l'' ''''^'"' ''"-'■I'^ •■' -

tor whieh they are k J. ^^h.., ;.:'■;"''• j'";'''''^ l.ivd,.ee«or, who . ■,•..„. i, d„. „ l.au.ei,

cran,„ed have been pieked, they lee™ baL / :; '^''^ '"^^"""■"- -

"nJ m.ne of their n.ember.s are visible. s. '' \ ,7« "« t^'''' by tl,e learned |.,-„re,,sor at na«e "o;

Ills Deeemhor- .,,,...i r , .^ J 6 *--

„-eatmeeh,a„ieale(reett ,:;•'";'";'''"''■'«

,,,.-^ ■.,""■'■■' -'•''—' wn.e, „r ,i,„.: ,„ „,e

.:;:::':: ';:^'^:''"'-'' '-'•''•'•- !•'■<■'> -.....■.,.,:

'^"' '^'"'^^ ^Mth jincroscopic ovr.. I .nn ,,,,.,1.1 .

^f ,,;, n , f'Fessor at page 227

o ,s r>'vcn,ber „„„„„,,„ ,,,,..,3^8

.,r,"'^^'''r"'"''""-"'"f'-->'-.^-"'" addition „f
rgan.c matter ; other, are injured ,,y the applic-

4:"," ""; '^-''''--'''--^te panicles of'sand
are .phenoal, and they are often foundto be«o^hen
previou.slv antot^ iir^,.« i

IIV G. lil,l(;MT IIROMNE.

[Coiifinued from pa>;e 3:iC<.]

itno may exist in the .soil, combined with the acl.l 'S-n ., i ■ ■ ', '"'"nate particles of 8am

that .s the result of vegetable decompositi n „„ , .^^'T- "' '"^ "'' "''''" '"""J"' be«o.he„

may a so be combined with silex, and'in i h!, a, "eate tT '" T "''"" ''^^' """■•' «""'" '-- ■"''-

-- not be capable of perf ., its proper:4;:r'' n::;£ ^-^rsSi:; ^^1!;

* , * ".-r, *i .. « '"iiL ro such land, apphed
A^ late as in 18.50, we arc told I,v P.of j t \\ - ""; f ^f^t'c form, roughens these surfaces, form-
Johnston : "Lime acts in two w,avs-upon the sil, '"? -!"-'^;« "^ 'i-"^- and prevents the mechanical
"produces a mod, ..„;..„, „u.. .. • ^ " '"^ ^ "'• ^^ ' condition before referred to. Some hinds are mate-

"nally benefitted by the application of plaster, both
from the addifi'nn nf ;fo ,j -.,

18.1.1] <^^^'MMrA^K'\TIOxs.

'\IH ppcaliar mechanical action i?i the atia* lunciit of

:\r,r)

partich-'H.

Wear., here tol.l l,y the learned Professor thai li n'Hhr's'I'?,'^';^;,' '"/ ""'"'; ,

-H.'ns a M:indy Hoil that is c;)inposetl of round V M.,i r . ..,«>r>,ii. ,,j w|i,.;i( ,,, v, }ii,li u ..rr

the size a/,.i ^inalny ,.j ^i - m,

,. ' J ' LUL gr.un. Mt«' '-•Mine 'r,.j,t ,'-

uothrcshotl Kn.-U... .: ' ,. ^'" ^" "'"«<"»<'

^TfJin- .u:ii: tui.i "> '^"••"'irne.i I'roiessorthat liiM,. I urithrcslii.d Knikes / '" nir moiuo

lo..«i"ns a M.'indy soil that is c;)inposetl of round s:<u.i i„ r f^s, orr,,,. ,,( w |,,.;i(. ;,, v, }ii,li u ..rr

h,vaus,. it has a tendency to take tlie polish fr. ,, tl.. i tlu^ '' ^ *''"!' fT''* deposits o„, ,„• nestling, ronnti

urfaceofthe^and. In the first pia..e, I .]....' ihu Jvt'''^'' V^"^^ No. Lin;;

I > >»,iij iiiin, illl I « 1 1 I I i|u , ,j(^,r|sf I'll'

im.» fint.h*p<l in ilio caustie statp at the r-ifc of fiTtv ' ,.• ,■ , ^ ' ' ' ^^ '"" ^''^■•' no account of tli^. iriiu-

surface of the 8

hm(» apph'ed in ilio caustie stato at the rate of fiftv ! ri.Mis V \ ^- ' ^^ ' ^''^'*' "" '^<'^'<'""f <'' tli^. iriiu-
iMishcl. to th. a.ro. can or n IN ,1 . :;,y tUur^ .,f rU. [ -jmrL''!,! -^lir? I .'""' ''''" ?"" "^^"'^^'•''"" '•<' "'/'"-
kin.!. Cau>lio lime appli-i (,, , In.^se Bandy s-il. ^ ,; uktm H ^I '" ' '""' ^''''""' 'f"''^'"»""^ '" -"^^i^^ ^ ak-
^•ueh as- i-. hnn- do^.-rili -J. voi.M ,„,( Ion-' n-n,iin ' ,!,.; i .\ ' .' ""''•^' "^ < M-ri-antown, ;t la.Jv di.stin-

'^'-"-■:i4her;:;;i^: ::;:::— n... important

tt^ 1 " "iiv.s upon the s w 1

^ produces a mechanical alteration wliich I Imp,,
•"•tl easily understood, and is the cause of a seL

„, \, ■ ■' ""- •■ppncation (it piaster, both

from the addition of its chemical constituents, and

niUMtic. iMit would ,w,,Mr, 1... .-^ cirhonaf.- : I,,n^r h<.f,,r,, j .'J,, ,^^j,'j| '" ".' '"''^"""""t-s in Unit in>M important

ito.ild b. .o ,Mt,.rn,iy..i with .su.h an '.vorndit-ln,- l\,p,lTlru 'li'V*'' T',!''^ ""'"'"' ''^'" l"-^""pfly hon-
,n_'..n. nnif or.unl a. t,> fa,.... ho v s-mm hh- ..ff.vt ' | '' '^" '"" ''*"-^^ '";; ..k.trh t,f th. fharactcr

''^ ■^''''^^- ••'■'''"'• ^^-uldh.. too :m:tllt.,hav,.anv'l!!^^''^^ "^ ''" '"^'"'^ ^""'-^^ '"^ '-l-i.-t, has

«iji

J ^. ..-Mill- 1-11. ...f. I ,11,, I |..,|.|.|,|. r ii ■ '

Th.. .|!ianii.y uf lini.. w.iold I,., too small t.. haveany I.- n ' ' '"-'■'•I: and, at my r...|i,rsi, ha-,

rft.:, .„, 'A:-. u,d, r. ,.„ if i, .|i,| „„( |„ ,„ ,^ ,..^^1,;. I '!""> '■"'-'t.'d .„ us pul,|i,.,„|„„. „■ „,,,,,, i^ 1^,,,,^^.^

...le «Hl,..at d.lay (a.xtie |i,„.. d..,.s „,„ .,,,,„li| : i',„jj." '"^"'^ "' ""' ■""■hi"Vuo.s li,,|e ere,i(ur.., shall

comlm... « ith ^i|,.x, a. fl i-linarv f-„ipe,-aHir.. \ ,,,1 ! , !,' ""'"'«""* "''^"rvers t , pn,.,.rut.. lie. i.„|„irv,

last lM„ e.„ 1,.,.-., ( ,|,.„_v „,„ ,„•,. ,,a,.^^,eni d the '' T 77 ""'''" ""■'" ^'"■'■'-'"'ly t" couterart

-urfa.-.. .1 -,-h san.l w.,„Ui |,i,„|,., i, ,,,„„ j;:^,.^^,,,, i '" '■'•'• "'" ^"''J-t "' i.v he w,.,, „.„rll,.v ihe atlention

«r '■'"■'•■'- 'li- -ol „.,.,.,! ,,.■ ,„H, sand more loose' I agn,o!ioral „„,oniiv. and olej to a dig-

Itut.l,.. .*.,...,,■ a d.,>,.,.(|i„„. might easily he ei: I""""" """"'■":" •''"■"-'■

|.ecte.i ... .1. w.m.i.rs i.< a niec'lianieal way wlo.,, we ' . ^,f , ''t"" '""» .v, danoary 7tl,, fs.-,;-.

arot.M .I..a. pla^fr. of wl,i. h ..„ little "i. „.„allv W) '"r ' " ' '"' ''"^"" ^'f- '"'■ t'"' ;"'/'"• -f the

<.nvnatat,mea.s scarcdyto be perceptil „ the I P, 7' '•', .'"'■'"".'/'■' ^W/,W, loot th,- ■•||,.ssia„

Kround, materially benefits san.Iy s„i!. !,.,■ its peeuli i ; , ~"''";''' '" '' 'l''f'-ro"t '<pecic», calle.l r, .„/„„„,„,
ar mechauical acti..,, !„ the attachment of particles I ""'"'""''i '}"" '''"""■" '"■ f-^tler i,,/:,,,,..,,.. i„>ecS8o
The more we consi,|..r ihe.se niecha.,ie.-U efr,.ets '"",""''"'" """^ '"''■ ^""' """' ^''■^''"^tlly spread-
that an, a.tril.oted ... lim,., ,i„. ,„„r, absurd they will '"^'"''■""7': l'""iisylvanla. Vuor faianer h-i.^ids may
appear tf) us. "' i "'''I '''■''ad its approach; fori.o insect nee.l I.e m.>i-,.

The only m .ehanieal eli;.,.t th.at can fairly he at ' '!'"''''' '' '"'"'' '" """ '''""""" "*■ "'" "'"•a', "here
tr.h«te.| ,„ 1.,,,., „ ,1,,, ,,,^,^ „,. ^^ .|^^._^_. ,^^| ' -^^^ the ..ggs are d,.p„si„.,|. A,.e,.rdi„g ,„ „„,„„, „„.

<-na that take, ph,,, ;„ t|„ p,,„^„,^ „,. ,, ^^. ^^.^ , 'f^^^ I'at h m al,„nt .ight or te„ ,|a_vs:,l,e little v.-llow

';*'■*-■ "'■"" "'•■" i" the eourse of d y „( .l,,.' V, f,- '"'""""" T"' '"' ''"'""' "'"''" ""' '■''''"i' ^-'l-^'-f th..

'""■'•"i-r,:,„„.,i„,|„.,.,i,,, ,^,,,,^^^,..j^^ - ; |?r.>.n and do ,,.„ ex d .., ig|„l, „, ,„ i,,,^,, ;„

'■■'"'•'■'•■ '-■■ '"■- affinity i:,r li,„e „„„ ,,H,o,.ic , f \ ;"'" '"''■' '" '"'■"•-^' '"" "" '''■''"""'"' --'"-
-"' '"- \Vh,.„ the carbonate of lime yie f"'""';,'' ^ "-■;^-"' —tim-s on ...ery grain i„

"^'■— ••^••id in favor of „„e or th- other of the. ' ''"'' ■"" " "'''-" """■"">'-""' ''J them,whe„

-'■'^- 'I- .-.-h otic acid is s..t fr i , . / ' '''T '"'" ■ ™" '" '""'"'''•'' "" ""^ ^^""" ^— '
^•-- ■'•hi, earheoie acid oc c, i s m .l' "^ ' ''^ ""■'■' T '''"'' '•''^"'"" "' "'" «■•''"'"'• «'"- «'->'
''■"•■■ - "■ ;^ase„,„s state , n il' v T r'""," "" "'""■""• ""''■^^' '"" '" "''" '•'^■-••' -P '-

-^' f'kos place. In other w . , w "'"?'"■ i ?' .' •'"■ """^> ^'^''^'^ -"' "- -•'^- -W "h-.

'"; -™e way that ,t „,,,,,„ , , .' ; l'; ^ '' '" ''- «-"' I"'";; ^ l.ar,h they d t hurrew i „„,

' I'^heve that i„ ,i,is w-iv o„|v I ■ tl „ , ' '"" '"" "" "'"' I'""""' ^""' "" th.' .-'ft mat

\y '- presence .d' ,i,o. , | .i t ' .'j 7' '"'■ '"^•'''' '- '"' ""' ^""- ' "'" '"•'- '" •"" '--- ''---'

'««» it render it ne.re conl . '' '"^•7"- i ""■'■"-'"'■ ■'"Iv. an.| the he„„ning of .\„.o,.t, „,e

f'-'cal and mechanical -Zt t' ■« t ' . ^ 'T i '""-^'' " '"''■^"'"■^ '-^ "'^ •■••"■■"^'' P-Pa.-.a,ory to

"^ "' ' Wicve that none sud ' „ i' , . i '"""""'^ ''""■ ^'''"^ ''''"' '-!-' '^'ate la.sts nofv a
: '' "'" ^' «"l-''^"t'ated. f,.„. days: aft.T uhiel, tie- .osect cast,s off ,ts sK,,.

tirc.at inioihcr.s (jf th.. east skins are l,j l„. sen. im"

I

'ity of cha" wl r ■■• ^''"""'" *" '"« '^ <!"'">■

'"« ''heat 'in K , '''■'-'" '''""■" "" '" "-'nnowing

^-y. eo;oonlok inn".' ^''""' """'" "' ""'^•

"''"Sin., to 8„m " *^"''' "■■ P"P'" «viJ'^"tly be-

" """"^ '"»'-•<=' «hich had materially injured

'^"^ '" '"■ ^ a^M .>iMn>i jirc ro iic .seen, jj^j

mediately after t!i.' m -ultin- is eoinph't.MJ. S.,nir-
times the in,io;frots descend and moult in th.- -round.
The hite broods are often h,u-v,st.',l and carried int..
the barns. It is not usually till dune, tliat thoy are
transformed into pupae. The hitter part of June,and
in July, the perfect insects may be seen rising' from
tlic fields where the parent wheat had been <!;rown.
Their progress is about twenty or thirty miles a year.

370

rn.MMi y[r\xio\C!

I

III Dr. Harris's new edition of his treaties on Insects,
he gives the various rao les resorted to in New Eng-
land and New York, to destroy thoni; a few of which
I will mention, as the best: Jhini all the rhnjy vliere
ihey are to be found ; ]>!ou(/Ji the old (/rain ^fields with
a dee}) plough ; Jirst sprinklinj the ground well with
lime. In those parts of New England whoro they
have done the greatest injury, the cultivation nf fill
»own or winter grain has been given up: and tiiis,
for some years to come, vlll !' ili- safest course.
Late sowiii;:; h:\salniost entir.-ly l>;t)ii-~!i''(l tin- \]\ I'mm
those parts of \ criUMnt whrrr tlicv tir.-t a|»jH>;ir»'d;aii<l
there is irood reason to beli'vc that tin v will l^e starv-
ed nut. ^vh('n thoso nionTis an' L:''in'rally adapted lor a
f'w years.

«

The above extracts liavr b'M ii t;ikcn from II amris;*
I'lH tle'y are only a ^nial! porti m oi hi-j lon;j; paper:
yet all, perha]is, which arc ali-nlutiiy nccessai-y I-t
farmers to know. I can assure them, }io\M'ver. that
they had better Itc up and doin^; or th( y v.ill sorely
repent thoir iniiinenoss.

I will put these pupae in a ulass jnr wiili ^onl('
earth, and hope to raise some t)f the Flics; \vlieii, i*
I succeed, 1 will send some in the perfect state to
you, that the enemy may be known face to face."

Dr. Harris says, this insect seems to have been
long known in England^ — as appears by an extract
of a letter , written in 1771, an 1 pul.H>h' 1 in the JMii-
losophical Transactions foi 177J. "'rhe wiuat lly i^
said to have been first seen in Ameriea, abuui the
year 1828, f in the northern part of Vermont, anduu
the borders of Lower Canada. From these ydaees
its ravages have gradually extended, in various direc-
tions, from year to year. A considerable part of
Upper CaiKida. of New ^'^rk. Niw llaiap-hire, and
oi" M,i>saehu>ett> havf h.-en \i.-ited l^y it; and, in
1S31, it appeared in Maine, ^vhieil it ha> tra\ fr.-.ed,
in ^\\ easterly cours>\ at the rai'' ol twenty (»r thirty
miles a year. The eonntry o\er whii-h it has spread
has continued to ^utlei- inoi-e or ies> from it> alarniin;:
depredations, — th-' 1"^- hy \\1ii<h has hern found t"
vary from about one-tenth part to nearly the whole
of the annual crop of wheat; nor has the insect en-
tirely disappeared in any place, till it has been .>tar\-

ed out by a change of agriculture, or b

tution of late-sown spring wheat for the other vn/

ties 01 grain.

West Chester, Tenna., Feb. 7, 18.33.

y the 8ub,ti
if^r var

-••»'

*Thf Tr?:\tisk ON Tnskct-« iNJCRior-s to Vkoetation, \<\ lH Miiw.is
WILLIAM IIAKKIS. M. D., is an iiivalualilr work, whii h oiitriit to ho
ill «'VtM"v Library, puhlic i\n<l private; ami jiliouid be ilUJHM'ntly stiulied
by evciy youuK AuutIcuii tarniiT.

+ It mav. perliaps, bo doubt eil, whethor tliis was tlie date of its FlrST
ni»p.'!\raii(H'; as I tind. In Dcnlap's Pennsylvania I'ackht. of Fcbniarv
IT). 1777. a noficf <M" •'that di.si iu ctivk inskct cvllkd tiik W hkvt Kfy/'
by Thomas (in. I'iN. wlilch s'tMus to rcft-r to an insci-j similar to this:
tlimiuh i»ossil)lv it may liavc hi-fii soiin' spfri-'s of Wiavii,. '•TlifSf
iiisocts."^ says >Ir (Jii.PiN. "bosin tobat*h. or rather to ronif out oflho
pralii ill th«> tly state, soon after the wheat is reaped, and these are the
pro Ince of e;:srs laid on. and In the heads standini: In thf field: when
the 1,'raiu is in the milky state, or betore liarve-;tnil: tmni this brood is
pioduee(l a sutcession of broods or t'les. vM-h female rl\ liiNiiitr from lit"-
ty to seveiuv eLC^^s. wbi( h hateh and p» info the ;,'rain. pnciiuiiiLT others
ill abotit six weeks alternately, until thev have eat mt. eoinipted. or
spoiled all the Krain they ean eomt» at. nni il winter lomes on.— at uhieh
time, or soon after hard frosts aiM^^'iir, 'bey eease. anrl all the tly with
out the i;rain (lies, and those within, in the ina;:^'ot state, remain iiiae-
tivo. oriioarlv so. till spring.'; wb»>n. some tlino In April, but mostly In
May or June! tlu-y biteb. and the siirin^: tlies i>rodn<e 1 from the win-
ter inactfots are mueb stroiiirer and liiri,'<'r than the fall tiles; these,
when the wheat is in the ndlky state, tly away to the lielils.li.rht on the
.s»;uullncKrain in the dtisk or evenlnu twillirht. where they l.-iy their etrgs
i;i .ml on ih" ears, whkh produce Us before."

For the Farm Jyun^
Ins r(x ami UlnK.

AVithout a doubt the great preponderance of nox
ious insects, is in -onie degree occasioned by the io-
diseiiniinate «le-t laiet ion (4' birds. TIutc are lam
• n!inih( rs ol the Teaihered trihe.s th;it live ahi,,,..t .j
elii>i\ely upon insects, and these should, under all
(•ireinnst;ujct's, receive the encouragement iji.} p.
teetieii of nn-n. The llirundin-r, or sw;ille\v triU
particidarly, ar<' the ino>t industrious and iielrfntii^rj.
bh' little friends of nninkind that. p< rhaps, htluiit; Uj
that e!a>s ol the ;inintal kin;j:doni. Several spopjesof
them, too, arc heini-(loniostie;it<'il, and jirefer th^' L iV
itafions p.rovided by men, as j>lae.'> ol' >lH.lt..r in
\\ hieh to r.'iir their ynung. The coninii'U chimnpv
j swallow, [Aeanthylin pclangia,) the barn swalU.
[Ilirundo /•/'/;/.] and de' j.urple or Imus. martin,
[I'logne ))urpur€o.] are f;unili;ir, especially te furni'T?
a id vilhigers, if not U) those who reside in larger
towns and cities. But their general usefulness, con-
nected with the destruction of insects, may, perhaps
\ not have been so duly considered by those, even, wh.)
have been wont to greet their coinino; cverv vear, a.*
the harbinger of a ne 're ^<'nial ^'■;i-wn. When it i»
iullv considered tiiat thc-e Mrd-^ u>ual!v r-;'.!- from
j two I'j three bruui.T k)'( yoiinii; before ihcy lak'j tbcir
I departure again in atitunm; ;ind that insects coDsti-
I tute the entire food of tin- asIpiI'- family, the impor' ,
l.int .'ffice they perf)rniin the econidey o[' \ature,caB
oidy be estinnited and properly appreciatnl. JSumf
years atro I >!iot a. (diinniev swallow ;is a st-t'L-imen for
scientifie ])rcpar;ition, that eoidd not liave feeu more
than ;in hour on the wini; in the inorniiiL'. \\l;''n, ')D
openin;j^ its crop, I found tb;it it cidilaiii'd ovlt t«^0
hundr. d "f the smaller tribes (tf in.-<n*ts. principally
two-w inured llies i l)ij<f< rn). There are abo oilior fami-
lies of Ijirds that :ire partial ti> or live ^^ holly upuQ ID-
sects. The fly catchers, {Musicapidtv} the warblers.
(>'y/r/rt'/^r)amongst the latter tlnMndustrious little wil-
low wren. I S>//n>i froclnbis) and abo tie' 'fitmuU«o«.
[Varu,i) i\\(: common Tdue liird, (^V(//e/ >SVa/'V) thf
Oriole or Golden ll-.hin, (/e/e;m- Baltimore) an^*
host of others that visit forests, orchards, and gar-
dens, in early spring when the trees are in bloom, lof
the purp>ose of feeding upon the various species c!
insects tiiat arc attracted thitluT by the odorandno:
tar of the flower-, or for the [airposc of dopositic-
their eggs in the opening calyx. When it isknov^
that this is the time when the eggs are deposited tba.|
produce the insects so injurious to cherries, pluDJ-
pears, &c., it will also be seen of what service t •
birds are to the trees and the fruit. Often whcnt
fruit is rijie there are certain species of birds

!P.'i'>,.1

r(iMM[^VrrATTO\S

'>7l

vi.it the trees for the purpose of searching aftor in [eye to chastity ul dcM n ,he l..,«t van .t, . ,
ecot.s; and even where they have perforated the fruit which will mak. tie nv h'.f. a hurlesoue '"

it has been more on account of the larvio it co.,t;,I,ed, If the Ktructure is ol the i'.ri'o "

I r i.1 r -i. •* ir c ^»viun, i.-i Ul Me \ oimtliiat) on er then

th:m for tho fnnt .tsdf. bon.c jour.s ««„ ii n,.i^r|,i,„r ; tl,o <■..„■,. |,i:„„ ..,1 Hi,„|,|. ,l„. I.,,,., ,,,|,., | ' /
of minf was wont to take astatiun near a lino trco „f , in;; lif^ur.^ n,ail„.n,ali.-allv,«uh box or oil,..- ' 1 '""
ox heart eliorric!., ami reniaui thero (kim, ,„ l,a,i,i ami the wh.,1,. f.,,,,,,,,,, |„.,1, for tl„w,.r« t„ 1 i ', ''

1 n 1 11 rn i\ n i i . . ' ""<-> "^'-»» lOr nowers, to lie j( ante, jm-

powder flask well hllecl) all day, shootmK iM-liMmm- j oorU.nj; ,o their .liin-rent s, ie, „r hv lav.n .

ina.ely every thinj, hearing the forn, of ■, l,i,.,| ,l,a, ! whole down i„ .ra.s, .„„l ,.,„ ,.f \L , nnin'- i,-^,. ','"
dared aporoaeo „: a,M a, ,..„h >h.,t 1 u...,, he de- , lar li^ures or «crolU. ho ,l,a .rass ,. Uo, ,.l:,^■
stroye.l n. .!•.■ Ini.Mhau ail l!,,- „inh that vi-ited il'of II,,.,,.. .\.,tl,i„.- 1, „,,r.,. i|,.,n , ,1. 1
for.ha= ,,o,po.e w.„M it, a wio.l. da,,- l„.,d,., .lo- «itl,,„ „. ..".la,, ^ """ '" ■^^'"' "^ '-"

• :. 1 . . I . I I • • .1 . . _ ' f~r

]]]': :in inealciil;(h!e injury to the ti'e<' in j)ennittin"
i-et hrn.Mfs t(j mature, by keeping off their na-

tle' 1!

it is of the greatest ,mpt,rtam-e that the ground
. should he properly gra-le.l, and to .jo this it is not

tnra e.e.nne. I have often even douhted tie. utility neee^-ary to turn every tlung up si.le .hnvn- all alt
of setlm.Mip :.eare-crows, to prevent hirds froiii Nisit ■ ^ n I i oou n, all alter-

ing corn fields in the >prin-; f)r th.y ju.st as (.ftei
are after th.' various kind-, of insect hirv;r, .>>p,>eiall\

cut-worms, (which their instinct.-- teach them at
somewhere in the \ieiuify of the crn hillj as they
are after the corn itself, particul.irly after the com

:ttions are not iniprovnea.t.; which w see hy vu^ry
lily's experience.

"<'llt, <'Ut, he Ci-ies^ y,,,, ^.],„,n)V tlM^OS.

li.iy htw y.in i\ i, li pine."

Thi^ is easier ,l,.n.- t han remetlid afterwards. The
u-'haier -hMiiM

1 . . J ,,,., . . ■' r^" '" \^"i.v cautious! v. In '<v:[A\i\<r

,a» -ym.nated. AV.tness, ,or m»tauee, how indn.,- and planting, for .- „at, ,a, „s, „ ,. ,„. :,, ' i',

truH>.ly and re,„Ia,-lv e,ows,l,lt.,.k. h„.,N, l:„,„o.,te., ' look a.,„„d, a„d tal.- ad.aota,,. ,.r all that i, l,!a -
wtll follow the tnrn.u ,„ ^|o .„^ ,,!.. i,,.. a„d .a,,.., 1, .:rol. a„d ,■,„,,• o,, una, is divt^n....!,!,. I'lant ev
darttttg after cyor,v-iht,,. of a creeping natttre that. t.-'U-grec.,. of dens.O,alo,..,ke,.|, , I,,. |a,o..,.„,,,f.i,,,,t
t,n-„ed up hy the farmer. Some of the Gallinaceous | .ueh as the Norway F.r, un.I gntde the .roo,„l .: ,.'
famdtes. or common fmvls, &c.. especially Inrke.vs. , to open np even to a landsoa,; view of^,,,,,- .oid
perform an important office as insect seavenKers, and bor's glade. All this etu. easily ho done l,v a ^.t/

there ore large stocks of po„l„y,„i,)„ I,,- ,„ad,. |,rolit- ' ,y.<n?e„<.,-, wh l,.,..ta„d, 1,1, i,u,i„os. ' Au „ii

ableto the former I. „„.,■,. wavs ,l,a„ „oe. I, i. .,11 „:,,|„ „ ,„ ,, ,„,,;, ,, „„. ^^,,„^^,,,, „,;„„,;.■.',:.;

known to tobacco growers, that a ,l.k O totk.ys j it mi^l.t ha.e c„,t y„u „„e l,alf loss andlo.k.l.',
turtted into a tobacco field, v,i!l, l.r the tim,: bein^, -retvt deal hotter. The fa„U i, ....,r ou„ y.,, k,„ „
perf.rmas much labo,-, ahoo.t, tu.d as well, as so ma- ; t.othing ef ,|,„ ,„ ,u,,, ,„„,,,„. ,„„| , ,„; ;„„,,,,„,,

uy person.s. lu order to restore a healtl.v e.|„;iil,ri. it to one who knew le.s.s." 11,.,,. is il„."floo,.,.t .1 -

urn between lords and insects, the destrncti , ,1„. y.-nm , a„.| professional ga„|,.„,.,. .a„ - , , .j.'

frmershonld be prevente,| ,,,• i„,l,,ie „,,i„i„„ or , I „-s a ,|a. : tl tl,,,. v, ill u.'k T.r a d„ll .

s.r,n,ent laws. 1,, „.i. ,.,.„, „., .,,., „„ „„.,,. ' ,„„,, , ,^^^,.^. ^.^ , l an „

less destructioFi o! Tom-Tits, CathinN, and Sparr.av.^,
is a species of ''sport" of a very e,Jui^ncal character:
and the sooner it is hrou-ht to an end, the better f-;.
the cause of .\^riculture, iind of common humanit/.

S. S. 11.
Lan. Feb. 7th.

For the Farm Journal.
Landscape Cardcning, \(w II.

• id, look w.ir.^f. The other would have accomplisl).
"d in t.vo we(dv-«, and made if hM,k ri;:Iit. Which is
thi; (dieapest ?

After grwineb ar^. pr,.perly adjustd ami put in or-
I T, no -reat tal-ni or fai-.' experi-aice is i-ftpiireti to
keep theni so. The little exertion re.piired, comhinrd'^
as it is, with the purest and most rational onjuvment,
amount.-, to but recreation; and <.ffen re,<uiis ni reno-
vated health, increased appetite, and at ni,-ht refr-.^h-
inor ^leep. eJM.atini: the !),„•!,,:• .,ut t,f 1,1^ fee. I ^,(^^.n

fpi • , ■■•- ' )■• " •""'- "" I'll' lo. (Mil 1,1 jij., j(.,'. I oiter

this embraces three distinct branches, „„it..d, yet I hoar Ia.li,.s (to whom the cultivti.i,.,, „! flowers prop-
UHtenngrn,vterially,n their scientific principles. The etiy belongs) exclaim, I like to have my beds and

first, street gardening, I briefly alluded to in my last,
and .shall now speak of the second or suburban style.

In f

l)Orders in proper onlcr, hut house work interfere.^
and takes all my time; and hesides, if fixed up ever

•nning a garden, around, behind, or before a I .o well in the morning, the ehihlren will have i^^ mH

liou.se in the suburbs of our cities, the first thing to
J^o looked at is the architectural structure of "the
»^"'l'li"g. U it be in the Gothic style, the gardener
p^t study, as f\ir as the ground will admit, to con-
form to the same general effect, viz : to have an un-
<iven surface, introducing groups and walks and
terraced borders. This must be done with a strict

torn down in the evening. V,y y<mr leave,fair ladies,
this objecti(m will not h(dd good ^Vhenev(;r I .s(;e a
disordered and dirty garden, I am prepared to neo
the same kind of a kilehen: and the cliildr(;n may be
as easily trained to let the flowers alone, as the por-
celain. You have taught them not to break a cup, or
enter tiie parlor with dirty feet; and surely, the little

TOHT BIN

372

OOMMf^XTrATTONS.

»BJFPan— aww i— in i- %rp-<>^r-t-i

MARrn^

Miesos CBpccially, will take more doHprlit in a full
blown ro8c, and other beautiful productions of 7i<i/;/rr,
than to wish to destroy. Instill into them a love of
the beautiful in nature, and you will have no difficul-
ty in keeping your borders in good order.

SCOTICUS.

-•••

For the Farm Journal.
I 'aim I"*ences.

Messrs. Editors : —

Within the last y^iir I have uh-
tAiiKMl [)i»sses.siou ul" a farm eoiitairrm;^; a little »>v<'r

-one hundred acres; l\iii^' \n the form oi" a rl;^ht an-
gle paralh'lo'cram, and wliich, ac('()r(rni;j; to thcadvicM^

• of HPiiK' of our most skillful and most cxpericncod
farm-TH,! (h'si^n dividing; into ti'U ciirlosurcs of'iMjual

'dimensions; but whi.h 1 find, a<H'ordint.'; to mv esti-
inat<i of intended improN' nimts, will nMjuiro 1.1.''.')

, paneld of post and rail r<'ncc, oo^tinij;, licrc, Si li^.]
per panel, makinL" :^l Vxl r>2.

This appears to be a very hir^n sum to <\xpend for
the purpose of confining my own cattle in my tields
and those of other persons off them: liut as we arc
required by the laws of our State to ereet ecMxl line
fences for the benefit of others, or .submit to the dep-
redatione committed upon us by their cattle, I sup-
pose it is idle to complain of so unio^t a tax.

If our own State can be taken as a criterion, I feel
confident there has been more money expended with-
in tlie hi'^t two years, in erecting:; and repairing' fen-
ces, than one third oi our iarins wnuld sell for. and
that it will exceed tiie cost ol all our towns an, I cities
vombined. It is this enormous burden whieli, like
an incubus, has been keeping down tlie aicriiailtural
interests of our country; and the freedom from it
Nvhieh has enal)led the .\orth of Kurope, witli a cli-
mate not as genial as our own, and a mor*^ inditlerent
system of culture, to uuder.sell us in tiic mark(!ts of
Kngland.

And sine(^ we are d(;nie(J pr()teetion from foreign
imposition, 1 think if we wish to compete with Ku-
ropean lahor. we must seek a releasr; from tiie heavy

'taxes imposed upon us at home, both by ourselves
and by the laws of our State; and expend those tax-
es in improving our farming.

My design in writing, Messrs. Editors, is to call
the attention of farmers to the enormous cost of fenc-
ing our farms; for 1 am eonfiih^nt not one in a hun-
dred could tell you what the enclosing and subdivi-
sion of their farms cost them; and also to in(iuire,
through the "Farm Journal," of some onc^ experienc-
ed in the soiling system, whether it would not be
greatly to my advantage to remove all my (Tuition
fences on my farm, of which there are are enouL:;h to
form the half of the out lino fences, and to expend tin;
money which it would require to divide it into ten
iields, (amounting to $855 00 in the erectionof sheds
the making of manure, and otherwise improving my

farm 'i it so, wliat gram and grasses, and wimt num-
ber of acres of each it would require to support '>5
head of cattle through the summer? AVhat kind of
roots, and what quantity, would be necessary forwin-
ter feed? Also, h(.w many acres less will it ro(juin)
to support those catth; by soiling than by pa.sturin<>
and what labor if will re, j,, ire to attend to them; witV
any other information which w.uihl 1)e of benefit to
one unacquainted with the soiling system it .,.„,,
to me that the grea'er quantity and inipro^.-d (|u,ili
ty of the manure nnide, with the produe,- <,f th,. l;i,„l
whndi the fences would otlir rwise oceupv, ;mieuiitin^
to on<i and tw(.-thirds acres, would pay for the Juhon
and that the interest of th(^ money invi.\sted in fon-
eiuir, with the repjiirs, and tlie produce ,d the hmd
sav(^d by soiling instead of ])asturii)g. WMuhi he d.-ar
gain. I do hope some one ac(juainte(l witii the soil-
ing system will be kind (Plough to answ.;r my .juc.

i-'""^- RUSTICUS.

Oakland Farm, Jan. 7, 17');].

-•♦*■

For tliP Furjii .J(/urijaL
iiwari liorusi.

As an ornamental tree, nothing can be niMre heau-
tiful than the Kese Acacia, or^dwarf locuhl, graftrd
upon tlie y(dlow locust. In addition to the heavit.ful
profusion of flowt r^ nhicli it bears, the fbiiage, and
top of the tree (wlii(di is round, umbrella shaped)
is beautiful. The flowers are much larger and more
abundant tlnin when grown on its o\\ n ro it.; and
when grafted in tin* spring in the ordinaiv wav,;;rnW9
very esy. I hav«' never l<a<l one scion to fail; but
they grow so rapii|,and l)ear su(di a ]irofu-iun of j] w-
ers the first year, thut the flower^ must he brulen off,
and the grafts shortened in, or tliey will l»r" ik down
before th(*y have formed a connection with \\\o main
stem. But after tin* first year they ])e(N)ne' strenj;; at
the connexion, but they should still be shortened in
a little, or they will sometimes break dowu when in
l)loom.

The curiosity a person has to see them in hh om,
and the retrr(>t on(; fe(ds in cuttinir "If the <!;raft8
when growing so beautiful, frequently <;auses thoir
<}estruction the first year; whitdi is ccrl:'.in niilos?
they are shortened in and the flowers broken oflP.

DAVID MIMMA, dr.

Portsmouth, Dauphin co. Pa., Feb. 7, 1853.

4«»

For the Farm Journal
Ilasket Willow.

Tin; sulijeet of raising willows for basket making
and (»tlier jmrposes, mentioned in the Farm dournal
for lMd)nniry,is worthy the attiMitioJi 'd those having
lands suitable for growing thrm; 1>ut our experience
has. I think, not l)e(;n sufhcient to determine the kind
best suited to the purpose in this country, and the con-
fusion as regards names among those who have unde^
taken to describe the numerous species, render it ve-
ry difficult to obtain the less common European spf.
cies true to name. Of the alha, which is tho Hunt.

IS.VII

roMMiMr \'|[o\s.

i„,-dou \\Ulow.dc...cnbcJn.Shell.j,H work on British ,l,,r;„f;tl,,. .lowor.nj; season. Tl.o I'nU.n.I.a !,„«
,„rc,ttrce.; 1 ob u.nod a tree .u.ported four years j su.ootl, .nd ,bssy i:aves. l.road.r ,l,a,. i o a

„Ko from L„,Man,I: ,. ,s a fa.. ,r„u „„. o,,,;,!,, ,„.., ,!„• ^enus, wij, „,„ ,„|,„. „ ,,,„,,^, „ ,, ^^^^.

«nJ IS described a« umun^ .be lar^-est ^;r.,winK „l H"' : 'I- .^ |.r..bablv tbe „„.m l„.aulil„l M^nes '

go„us; it .s rather less Hprea,!!,,;; ,„ bab., ,ba,. the j The ,/»;,/,„.,■/„ „M ,,o„„ra,u,„ ,,,,, .i,,^ „,„^
Kusselbana and a,,pears l.koly to bo as sui.abb. as ! bark. ,..„v, n.| w,:|, a line bl„„„,. The KobnJluU I
that species bu- must |,ur,,oses 1,.,- „b„b >h,y :,re r.:ma.kablu b,r Us „. aH v ,n, ular baves Tbe AW

m>trii,if..i;„. a -bnil, luv ,,;■ six l.-.t bi-b, bw b'avoM

useJ; the shoot of butb I .-iippose will {»■ louml too

coarse for fine w„n. Tb. /,;„,„W/,V,„„. ,b,. lb.,lf„rd , ,„Mi„, ,!:,. I.,,,,, „ ,,„,,„„, ,,,„, ^ ,,.„,,,„^,_^^

w.llowof Lon, ., and .N-lby. ,s ,be best known !.,.,.. , a„ Ko^b-b sp,,; ., ps.vi,,, „. ,b,: ),.i.bt often feet

ol any u„p,.,-t,.,l ,..peeo..s,,.xeept tbe we.pinK wiUuw and i-^ anem^ ,be ,t beautiful at tbe time of llowerin.'

y, II ,w « ,ll„w 1 IUl..,l,.n,ra and y.lMnu), being our , Ti.e dilb..e,„. tbe s ie.s in f ,nn, si.e, and color

iargecontm,.,. ^;,ve„ „,lb,w. 1 oudon, «bo mentions ; .be general alapta.ion ,„, and gnat luxuriance in'

,U speee . as ,„.,■„.,„,., Onto lM-,ta,n, na,n...s as best j rieb. I, ne.i.t .soils: sb.ntbi ,.,.,,1,. tbem to a place

b,r „a-Le, maktnf;, tbe bdb.wtng species, v,/, : lu.nn- ,' in .M-na,n.„;al plan.a.i.o.s, «|,e,e tbe .„il situation

alis, wliich he describes a,s growing from ten t(» tweii-

iy feet high; Furhyana, five lo eight fV-ct; Drripims,

thirty to f.,rty feet.- /A/u', tento tw(d\e; Vitdiina,

thirty le ft.iiy; and J'lirpiuva, three to four feet; and

hesides, mentions Ji'uhni, triandra, (irumi?i<i(a, and

some others as Miiiaoie. \n > if,(in(i/t,s 1 |,;ive twice \

piuviia..d ;l .specimen tre<' under that name,and iia\e ,

en- grwAin-. hut am satisfied that 1 Inive n(.t the

species described by Evelyn, or Loudon, as \ innnalis,

I have the Furbyana from three diti'crent persons,and

believe that I have tlie species correct; this makes

long slender shoots; I hiive one before me seven feet

lung and one-third .dan inidi in diam.'tcr at the base,

and it appears to be ilu- most suitable for ba.^kets.

T\i(i decipicns or W AAx Varnished wilh»w. mueh
cultivated as basket willuw in Kn -land, doe^; not here
make shoots equal in h„u'th, and 1 iud::e u ill not be
espial to the iiedford wilh.w, with Nshieh it is chis.sed.

and oih.T circumstan(;es, are suitable.

ALAN W. COllSON.

Montg(/mir\ countv

«•••

The Vitdlina is oui

For thr Karin Jounsal.

Common vk. Slianjj^hac KowIh.
Mhs.-rs, KnnoRs :

There being no abatement of
the "fowl ma/ilii," hut rather an increase of the "j»r.-
monitory symptomM." in various sections ,d the coun-
try—it may nut he annss to give yon tie- result of an
experiment on a vm.ill .^eaj... (,,• ..ne \vho has had a
di'iht nir,r',nn~\{ m\\ i.itercst some (d' tho many
readeis et' the barm Journal.

I Would, however, wish to !,.> und.-rsto.,d that I did
not take the diHcaso in the ordinaiy uay. but rather
had it forcetl upon m..' oy a very particular friemi,
(who siiaJl h ■ nanudess) a?id who li;id b- en e;ei. then,

-:■■ " -•■ .1 but „ave n„. yet beaded .be,: dl . ' TZ'^ZT^ T" "^ ," "'' '""" "'^ " T

'" -'<•■.■ ....b,ai„sbo„ts b.rba.k,.. tnakin, and j . , / ' ''.'';'•,• ^ ':""'^^' '-'--'-')'

O'l-- |..t.p.ses, .,1 tbe lar;;e .fowinj; speei.s s,7eb as , / """'"""" "■^" ""^ -'"^"-^ "^ ""

necessary t„ ,„.nnit .be r„o. ,o ae.ui,,. st,.;.,,,,,!, ,,e- ""'' '""'^- ' ''^^ "- '-■■'-^-l' <l.'-l''l-..ed fowU
fore beading down.and ,!„.„ t„ take off tbe tnt^l: and I "i" ? ",""; '"'•^^'"^■^ m.csnu,,,. tban any .bin. on
'"•.■inches at the hei;:ht of six .,r .i^b, teet, after" "" '

which it will only re((iiire the spnintin"" siirfae.. .o),e
Jimmished, if the sbn„is are too abu.nb.ni luel n.,.
bm-enou-b, or if the .shoots are too stro,,.. iben t„ in-
ercase the sprouting snrfaee. by leavin,.,^ a'bw in,l,es
01 the ba.sc of the shoot uncut. |., |„-..duee slioots the
'ucceeding year. But for the Forbyana and other
small species, it is best to cut them near the ground,
*"' "'"y '»^y •'C planted near togetlei-. 1 have sev-
«ral ttifts or branches of the Forl.y,,,,,, pl.m.rd about
"'«'-• feet apart, which are a.inually ror ^iuwn, and
Pr"iuce abundance of good shoots everyycar.

But apart from the value of the several .species for
^•-onomieal purposes, several ol them may l,o used

>■ 1 •I'Uaufajre as ornamental trees andshrulji.timon.r

; . . ;V ^'^P'''^ '^r goat willow, with broad,oval leaf,
^^•b'My ornamental,

rmers could at pr. >, nt emph.v theii-timo
and means. Stating that th(!se fowls recpiire les^
feed and would lay mare eggs than our ordinary dung
hill breeds, and wer.- inirinsically of iar grcatei- val-
ue, (Sic, (te.

AV.dl, yoU5i;.,;, Messrs. editors, as 1 am rather of a
phlegmatic temperament, T was too slow, b. hind
the ago, &e. Xot "turning my spoon right side up
when such golden showers were falling," m lime to
secure a share of the benefits accruing. As my
friend— who, by the by, is contrary to ni^xjl, .,( a
very affectionate anfl ardent tem[)erament- could not
rest easy until he should succeed in some way to en-
list mo in the fowl cause, and as no otln-r mrxle would
seem to answer the purpo.se, he very li[>erally (tliough

J

it may have been only a bait tlirown out to infect m(

witli tho prevailing mania) offered me three egn-s of

more especially tho nmle jdant ^ "Shanghaoi" as a prcsent-of course so disinterc^'stcd

vi

374

COMMUXICATIONS.

a favor could not bo reiusod— and, conse((ii(Mitly, I
was fairly omljark^Ml in an ontorpriso ''fair or fowl,"
and tho result of which I am now goin-tw state.

The three ccrcr^ I placed under a <'onnnun ]i(>n for
incubation, and about the first of Au;;ust last, had
tho satisfaction of seoini; two chicks make their exit
from the Ojr<r^, the third one bein;^ a<ldled. Fortu-
nately these chicks proved male an<l fomah^. They
were W(>11 cared f.>r. They socm out-;r;rew all th'
rommon stock of the same age. Thcyput m- in mind
of nothinfr so much as the story oi the boy, avIi,. took
.i ni«rht's lod;!;in<]^ on a pih* of 'su-.xun: rl^in- in t|„^
niornin-. li.- fnnn 1 t .. !ii> <;r.>at astMni^hm-'ut that his
clothes had beconi" fur too miiiII !■• CMiitain his now
ovcr;;rnwi, carcase. Sur], npju.ar, ,1 i„y Shan-hacs,
piirn.MiI.irlv tlh" nialr. TUry l,av.>. h,.w.-v<"r. ly this
MiMc become niMi-r respcpiahl-- in appraranro, and I
dou}»t ifa more di^^niticd .sp.cinx'n ..f th.' f.-atluTrd
"celestial'* race couM n(.;v h^ r.-mM. At six months
old thehr^T woinrhsO i!,s. ami ;!i:. nial- 71 11,-;. Had
they been raised in the sprin<;, no donht tlnir w.-i-ht
wouhl bf» considerably more.

1 ii.ivc already taken up „!,,■.■ -pa---- than I int-'ii:].
ci, and must now give, in a few nnu-.I.^, the main nl-

^ARCD,

<.!Hnnii (,u >Iil«h Cows.
Having seen a short aitiel. in the J)eceml.or nam'

ofyonrva!i.al.l...r,urnal,nn(;m^non'. .syst.Muf ■ '," '
in::m,!k <..v.. and bein^r a K.li.ver in the science

l''ukn.g f.r ,ni;.nnaf;.,n tnan .very Houree, upon thai
subject, I thought the art.cle alluded to would Im.

• .Ill I -* I'lHO

Caili'l (lilt a >lhi"( resnnii-,.. (i- i . ■ . , c

itspon-. "'"""'""" of vournuiner

""^^ r..a,h>r.. t,, tliroNv .M.ni.. li^|,t np,>n it'. As thore
^'••' manv \u-U.yrv. witinn yruv Ninniiv ^^h. p,,»fesg
t" «"il'T.;and th. srimre, and pnn'ti.-,. up,,, it /»

tl"Mrown US<., i hnpetl.<-V will iHMvilln.LT to.MV. u^

th.' I..nclit of their experi.Mire as f. whrth-r it is
true (»r false, accnling to their judgment. \U .
doing thev will much obli<re

A Lf.arnkr
February IG, Is'),'].

5U

J^'-T thr F,ir:ii Journal.

Cultivation ot the Cranberr>.

Mk. Ki.iToR:-l»ermit mr, through ih." pagos of
Yourd,>urnal. to ofr,-r ■.. i\^..^ -^marks upon the^ulti-
vation of the eranberry. The cultur(> (,f thi> iruit

.. . - - --.. , - ^'''' been murh negl-.-ted in many of unv State., an'l

jcct of this communicati(»n--the result of tlii. small "" *''""P' "^ my opinion, will pay th.' (ailtivator, un
experiment. ^'^^^^^y tuil^. a- wdl as tle^ .-r.anb.Trv. On. a/r' ,,f

These fowls were hatched on the first of August;
are now six months ohl. On the I'Jth Januarv the
hen commenced laying, and by the 1st nf r.bruarv

well-prepared Ian 1 V, Ml pro.ju.-.. trau one hundred
and fifty to tl.r-. inindred and fifty bushels of mar-
kctal.i.' fruit. Th.' harvestm- is dore- with an iron

or in 13 days pnxluced elevoQ eggs, and still r..ntin- ''^^''' "''^'^'' '"^ ^^^'' l"i'T"^"' -^nd one man, Wiih a
ues to drop an egg a day. To compaiv ihem with '' '•'' ^" -^''^''^'^' 'M' ti"^" -'att. ring fruit, will gather from
the common fowls, 1 may say that I have sixiv or ' ^^'^'"'^ 'i^'' ^o f aty hu.hrh. p. a- day.
flviventy ranging the yard and barn, from all of uiiich 'I'ho seicction oi .soil suitable for thfar growth re-
1 procured four dozen of eggs during the month of 'l"i^'^'^ some observation :n,.l practice to . uMn-o corn-
January— less than one i?};'^ for each hen in .;i day.s \ V^^^^ success. Aciay.y soil which eonlain^ moisture
and the Shanghai hen 11 eggs in 1 ; ,lays, or about j '^'^'^ '' '"' ^''^'''" ^" i'-^-'' ; ;i dark, d.M-p loam with a

two dozen in one month. It wimld iiiu^ tak.' two
Shanglme h ms, „r «ay thre<s to pro he o .a^ many
3ggs lu a uDath as si.'tty or seveniv .oiaiu ai h-n'

niivtur.' of sand ; ho-:s ,>r swamps, whieh can h- iiiiule
niod'M-at.'ly dry, ar ^ all wcdl a<laptrd i,, the gr^avtli
f tin' eranbeia-y. hi lad, 1 have seen, ev.ai in h 'ir^^

I'his statement is perfectly true so i u- a> it "-o > and ^^'lii'-^i during the -naitfa- part of tle> var aiv ^M^,'r
..,:n L ,11^ ..... "" ' , ■ ,

will probably .s'.K^m incn^dibl" to m in\.

ii iMthcr exceeds the W v. A. S. I'.anistead's state-
ment as given in vol. 1 pg. I'j of Farm Journal, that
''one Shanghae cjck and two hens will produce more
eggs in three month's time, of a greater si/.'- and
richer quality, than five times that mnuh r o| ordi-
nary hens will do in one y-ar." Sune' tine« after
this statement appeared m the J.mrnal, '. K. i:. of
Chester county, see (pg. 174, vol. 1,) gave the editor a
pretty hard 'Miit" in regard to publishing such ex-
tracts, and desired that the Rev. gentleman "desig-
nate the variety so extraordinary, as a })enelit to us
farmers to enable us to avoid them." 1 will nea-idv

ed with water, tlie cranberry entirelv in po><es.siun
ot tin" >oil, i-ooting (uit all other vegrtatiou. hi uur
own County of Thester, tlere are now <• anuless acres
of idle and woiahh-^ hm 1 tiiat with hut little expense
might be reclaiim.'d and brought into condition for
tlu' culture of this fruit.

As lar as I can speak from (■xp"ricnei', thoro is
but -aio vari.'ty that naturalizes itself and succeeds
woll on dry or uplaml soil ; this is the "Bell" which
is much larger than tho 'diarberry" or the "cherry,
and grows much in Ww f.rm of an e""o' : and in the

J)

Wih

Id sta'(^ grows <ai tlie e,Iges of the cranberry bogs,

„ji.i . 11 , , ' 'ii^'liiiing to spread its way to upland or dry soil.

add that my hen lays one ccrrr a day, and my cock i „ . ,, f ! \ , , • -.h

' *^ rcrsons commencing the culture should })egin with

don't lay two, (too) and to enable the Dr. and others
similarly minded, if they wish to avoid tlioni, that
my fowls are of the variety of yellow Shanghaes.

Respectful V, J. R. Q.

MouN'TviLLE, Lancaster CO., Feb. 5th, 1853.

those that liave become naturalized to dry soil ; by
this means they will much sooner and with less ex-
pense get up a stock, as they increase very fast.
The soil., before planting, should be well prepared

I

1?5^^

COMMII^IOATIOXS.

.?75

hx plowing and harrowing, an 1 made (piite even.
Mirk out the drills about twenty inches apart, and
Mot the plants eight to twelve inches distant in the
drills; they should have a slight Inudng at jir t. un-
tilthe roots have taken a fast hold in tie' gr un<l

For the Farm Journal

Me.sshs. Kditors:

T -end yoM a 'h'-criptimi and

\fter that they will need no other attention, in two <'ii^l'"'' <>r three apples, not yet genet ally known to
or three years th ^y will run together and cover the ^^^e pomologictil pnhh. I tliink thes(; will prove to
(froiind entirely over. ^>o desirable varieties, when (mce disseminated.

The fruit is much larger ami <■! fima- lla\-r gr.,wn Tig. i. ^\ m i ! ^M ih nn. 'fhis tree came from seed
l.y cultivation than in ilo'wihi stat", and it readily was first iioticM hy S. W. M iOlm, of frdnmhia. Size
keeps, from the har\c<ting of om- year, until the ah'^e mr-lium: cha- >lnll ri"l.on a \ eHow -rounMJ'eint-
noxt. The tinv f.r phinting in sj.ring, is Haan mid- ly streaked wit h li-ht red ; flavor pleasant, snl -.leld,
.11.^ of ^^lireh till first of May: and for fall, October with a peculiar anaaa; Ih-h firm v^'llow <n,,,(i • rite
and Xovt mler. (J. Dec^ember to .January.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2. Mary A wf.-This i- al<o a se.'dliii.jr th It orig. upailthe apples <.i ihi> \ ari. t v that le ciaiiii pro-
inated in Columbia, within a fewfeet of the \\' . l\ani. ^■"re. !♦ wa^ t hen ;:;rowing on the farm, since owned
Color pale yellow, marked with small L:revd(.ts: si/e ^'^ ^^^- I'aff'i-h. near l']iil,a<!elphi;j, from whence tljc
rati. I r li low meiiium : flavor eris]>, ]ileasant. nearly j
'Weet, juicy and go,, d : ripe \ovember to .Innuarv. I j'^

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.
grafts were procured, and the name lost. From the

l^ig. .3. AVasuixgtgn's Favorite. — At the time that j fact of its being a favorite fruit of the General — it
^^'Q ^Vashington resided in Philadelphia, he bought ! has here been known by the name designated — may

rOMMrN'FOATTOVS

prove synonymous with some known variotv Si/o Llr-n^ ^ • ' ™*" "^ — ^"

about mo,Iium; color ydlow; form n.und, r thorflat , p Jn^'T' '''^''' ^'^''"^ '^ '^ ^« ^"il^
flavor s,i,l.t,y «ub-a.id; fle.h di.olvin. i^ the ::';' :^ ^2 ^ '.^^^.^'^''^i^^^ ^-^^' - -h. etl ^^

\

nc, juicy and very pleasant; ripe NWoinbor to ' " ■ 'I'" u.Ivanta;,.. i„ ,|,i,

January.

liospectfully,
Columbia, P.I., Feb. 12th, 1S53.

' stone tlm

«'i...io,wi,i,.i,i,.,n,,„,u...„ 1.,. ,., ,,7"V

At h,..h,..l„,,r,, 1-t from the bottom of ..
k.ln.plaoe a po)edir..ctiy uvertl.o centre of ,l,„klt
oyotho longest way.CJfoc.) «lu,.l, n,.v l.a .., .^^

^7 '""''-"" 1''^ ^- ,!,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,'' *

on'l..v,.rt„.kil„a,l,.a., l:. f,,,,, M.,.„,„;

f "^ '" " -"-■ -^i--'- r, r...t ,,,,, „„';'

1'— ..ntr.. Vou now have tW pole, 12 fec^,:
■■-t,. '-.ton,, .hi.h is the height „, ,1,: "■

<;iiiin»n oil ilild, (.,,11,.

The follo^ving oon.,n,>nication h by on,- „f .,„r
roadoM, „„t a farmer, ,.!,„ l.^^ ,,,.^,,,,^^ ^^^. „.,.^ ,^„„,

attention to this «ubieet -ir,,! ;- i t. , , •>"<,< .o u nay [.ay aiiwt „., ^

eU oil l._v_/,„ wera to buy their oow.s.

A^ your ,.,.ui,„iis an. o,,.„. r'^'Z 'Zu:T ,' ri"" T ";'"""• "■"'■'' '^ ""• '"■'«•" '■' <i- w:

"■■7"' "■:■ - ■ n .„i. tii: ,;;:;;':;,',.,";::: ! tz'\:zt ";:: ;r,;"'^ ;' '^■'•' ■ ''-^- ^'- -

portanee tliai, raising, ,,,,,|c ■ ,.,„i «;,,,;„ ,", • ■ • . . '" ''"^"1' '""'^ *" •'•'ch en,i „r u,,.-

t'.«-yW:;,„. , V .,„„, ,„ ,"" *;~- V'.'at,heUttoi,,aiM 12 by io at th,- b,i,,,, ^

i";;anotieeofai.:„.i,.r vo ' Bu, see- 1 mason w.Il !i,„l ,, o,„,, ,„,,,„, ;„ „, ^ /^'

0:enon-3 th.>rv. o ' i; r,; ;-;;-' = -;"" ' --; "■■■-. a true and re«u.a; slope. ^ ""'- "

cuUural Wareiiouse, and .„d .,.„ 'llH^^lZ | ^ ^ , 'hf !, biu: '' "T" '""" " '"" '""'^ ^-

menl to every one h-vvin.r .^ r... . , •, , put, .splay, n^r ,„„ ,,, .- ,-,.,

J ii.VMUga (.iienon, to |,,n,. tlie kiln alinve the Lub'e shonl.l i . •< i , ,■ ,

Treatise bv John X.ifH;., ,. . r ■ ■. . ""- "'"rI-. saoiiia l>e,ii or I .-i-t i .•h nrj

occasion t'o «p::; iJ .;:::" :':; , .^^ "-iZh/f'Vr^^'''" ^^r-^^^- '■'•- ->-"'>'-

my opiniun upon it linf i " i,- . '" ""^ ''P -^^ tb.- s;n,i,> tuiw. Th.' , \.

wninevorro,rettheprieep.,,,Ht: .0 cent. ' th. poMo.., :' !: li^ ;:; ^^
West Chester, 2n,lLK^'v" ^^ '''''''''-' hj'^'^^M b,. 1.,. . tb.Vrato. J., ..• ./.rC:

oneachs,,]., uhi.-!, i,HTea.seH the eye to Is incho. '
forth, l.ush.l to pH.s innn.lnu,. It i.s rnrrini ,,,
;Stnii.^!it L>l) inrh.>, an,l (brn !,rou;:ht ov.r tod,..
'^^•'•'yoshouMnntb. l,uiltdoub!,.. lik. tb. put l,u,
•>i l^n-ONbite or....,,, .ston.vsto .stan.l ibo ti,v l.
-l';-;nbin:;thcbro;i.t. I b.ivo.ai.l it ..bnul.j ho 7 leet
^''";''- '^"'' =^ '">n.';u.. ^..,oi-<'iivI<^ Mf al.ouf 12 Im
'■•^•J^"- Tl,,. win,: ■^b-uMoxten.,1 protrv ^^A\ .,ut,as '
it .MP-n^^tlpp. ,h,. h,,.;,.t ,,,., inurh'to top, which ^
.shMiM hirt-r li inches to the foot from bottom. '
riK'iv IS no kiln so hard on the front, as those that

Tb" kihi now hiin. „p, it is necessary to havM
J>'''i^"'' b or 8 iorb. s tlilrk, ap.l JO inchcshi-h in.sidc
the pot for nilint'

A kiln as aliove, will hold 1,«)0 to 1,100 bus"hd«
lime." I

I'lun .or Uuilili,,. a |.i,„,. Kjln.

'■■'"''''•■'r ''■■"■'".^' ' " •■'■M'v,,,.,i„.,,,„,,„.,,„^j

7;7:':;''--'-''''-"'''-Mui,i,f,n,i..,.ivi'n.:,!,.,,,

of the Chester eoii.,,vlb„.,i,.„l„naIS..,.i,,v".a„dwh

«porienee ,.r„i,i,yy,,.a,-s 0,1 ,|,i. sohj,.,.,, , ,„„:.,
his sug,^.ostions to as much uvi;,.],, a, hi.' uvP-kuowi,
.--.u 1 in cultivating and testinschoue fruit has exten-
ded his reputation as a pomologist. He writes as
lollows :

"My experience of the best plan of eonstruelin.^ a

lime luln for bLirning wholly wuh u 1, i., i;, Tli,.

first place: .select a suitable spot, a banl; if |„actiea-
blo, and excavate the foundation. Lav out the bot-
toni 1 feet by 9, the ■) feet extending 'from the eye
bacK. 1 he,, lay out the eye 10 inches whie, through
the breast, which should he 7 feet thick, and concave
in front, which greatly increases the stren-tli

After the f.undation is thus laid out. proceed with
the building, which sliould bo double: that is, build
your wall next the bank from 1 foot to 1 -, in thick
l->avin,:; abaut (1 or 8 inches short of the dim-nsions

-•♦►►

Uo\K TO Grow JIk^h.— A man who ]s vnrj rich
now was very poor when lie was a boy. When alli-
ed how lie got his riches, ho replied— "Mv iUtlicr
tauiriit mt; nevnr fn iJov' fill ».,„ ... -.1. V. • i.„.i

- ..--. i.u _-ut uis ricnes. MO replied— "31v mwr
au-iit me never to play till mv work was finishod.
md nevorto spend my money until I had carneclit,"

I

t
an

K^r]

OUR x\EW VOLI'MK— ny)P OF COKX— >V IIKAT lUlAN, .tc.

ok (

Our Nrw \ uluiii*'. j » lir.»l Iti.to as ,i '*.tiimi l;i iit Joi <oiii.

Tl t» present number closes the second volume o^j *'W«>uld you think n, 1 Ikinm' inund ir/nuif hrtm ;i

I uv.rm.Joanial. A n in<b'X will accompanv it,mak- -,''*''^^''r stimubuit fur com tlinn Chemical Salt^. or

l"^' ** ' , , 1 I • 1 .11* 1 <«uano mixed with cmiiuiimii .^alt. or niix.'^l wiili Pliis-

„ volume when hound, wliKdi \v< tlnnk oor sul, . .. , d r i i n

jn;J ft \oliiin< , "" trr o| 1 an--, or rvfii nt rn-li In. m; pen inaimrr, ..r wril-

gcribers will admit to contain inu-li valuabb' inaM-r, , rottv.] .Miinin. r .mw-im-.i loanur.-, ami th- imii nrarl^

or fpiite as prnnd as th,' Ij^^t (,| ilic al»..v<', w hicli Nva>H
;:;o;nio mix*.! with ('..tiimon salt, in tiie proportion .d
2(K)iha. to I i)ush. Kvlt. • b. W. Ai.i.KN.

(Caroline CO. la., .int. (». IS.'),**).
We copy tb.' ah.vt' i'r<.m tlir American I'armtT,

ftn<l practical cxpor.m.nt^ and .sii;'vV'^'i'>iis, far mure
fliwi remunoratini^ tb-'m btr the Nniall price of sub-
•riution. It is iutt ti<l.'<l to issuo tlu' tw.'lve niunbors of
thoiif^w volume, within the presi'iit year, so as t.. make
it cniumence wi'h the year, bereiifter.wbieh we think ; Haitim..r.'. which is. i.y th.- way, oii" wf t!ie hrsl a;.-
will be more convenient and sati.slactory. Our ar- rieuh mal paje-rs in tluM-ountry, and abounds, both
ran'eiii' lit^ "e sii,-!i, Miat the volume now eomin;; on ! in its cdiLorlal, and ori;^inal communication.s, with
the tirst id ii'Xt m(;utli, will be superior to (jithcr oT really praetieid and valua})le matter

tip. nr.MM'din;;, not only in the amo///i^ of readin<:; m;it-
•.vlii.ii h;i^ ;ib-e:idy been inereased three or four pages,

'rh(» use of bran, as a "mineral food b)r the young
Indian corn plant," was brought to the noti<'e of the

traits ..f all kinds of stock, particularly of I'ennsyl
vaniu: new an^l imjiroved impb>ments, and machine
-, farm huil-lin-s. .le. The fruit department ^vili h^'''b ^^ill enter into decay, (eremaeausis.) nn<l .-a

hut als .. in the variety (d" topics of interest to the r(;aders of the Tarni .Journal, page 51), of present voL
t iriM r. V. hi h will be treated (d\ Illu.strations will ' i^"^". by <tur able eorresjK.ndent and sound agri.-ultur-
u,-r,, 111], any each number, consisting of original por- al chemist,G. Blight lirowne, of Montgomery e,)unty.

His whole articde should be referred to at this time.
In it \\i) savs — "The l)ran, as soon as it has hecune

r-
bonie aeid will be formed an<l set free. Heat will bo
evoiveii. 1 ne tree earoouie aenl will aid m dissolving
the mineral matter, and it will be taken u)» by the
r.)ots of th.' plant. The r.iot will ^^)n\\ extend over a lar-
ger surface. ami will he ade.pia'e to etintinue the sup-
ply without this arlilicial ai 1. live buslnds id" hran by
double measure, will be sufficient per acrt;, and the
farmer will, if his Im 1 is in good order otherwise,
be feni-roiialv repaid in th.' harvest time oi his corn."

roeeive espeei.il attention, and we hone to have en"
cravings of all .un- Pennsylvania seedling fruits wor"
thy of cultivation. Ornament;il trees an<l shnibherv'
n \v a?i'l r.ire trees and plants, designing and laying
out grounds, the cuhlvat!.>n of tlowi-rs. ^c., shall all
receive their share of attention. ^\ e hav.- facilities
f)r attending to these several brandies, .'.fli^r oui-
«elves, or by the promised ;iiil .d" our correspon-
Jonts, equal at least to any other agricultural dour"
nab Our subscript] >n list has h.en \rrv c'in<idcra
blv increased since its removal to West Chester, aid
we hope for large a'blition< t.i tlic icw volimie. ( )ur
friends through the State, who tliink 1'. im- vh ania
ought to have an agricultural paper, can greatlv as-
sist us by geLtin;^ up (dubs in their r.'sp.'ctive in-igh'
borhooilH, and f n-warding us the amount. Those
wlin wi-h t., .ii- • .ntinue, and we h(»pe there will be
hut v.Tv few III' this class, will please nidify us Ixdbre
the issue 1 1

Hhododeudrous and Wahnias.

llbo(b

,1.

odciilr' 111 mi \iiniin;

an

d K

uinia

ti it iImIi.i

are tWM natives of Pennsylvania, uiisurjtasscd in tle-lr
liuLural h aniv ami prtdust; blossom > wii t he ^i.lcs and
tops (if i>ur mountains.liv any tliin^^ w e ai'c ;ic'piaint(}d
with. Tliey art! alwiiys (rdliciilt to tiaiisplant,
and tlourish in op. n gi'odml, or ev. ii in the sha'le.
wdiiidi is a (;ause of g.'m'ral rejjr.-t. It ap;. 'ars hy
the following from I)avid Thomas, ol" Auror;i, and
n -xt iiiimher. liills will be sent with the ! which wt; copy from War.br's liwrtieuhiiral Review,

p''"- iif numh.'i'. \\hi.di we shall Ix; obli'M:"!! bv hav-

tbat Lime even in small .juantite^ is piiisdn^u-i to

I'l;; t,i.- aiii em's r.'mitN'd to u^. as they are too small ; tli.'in. an.! that th.'y caiinoi tliri\e u led-e tin re \a any

to admit of employing a collector

■*••-

particle of it in the soil.

We hav" 1. 'furc us an original hrlter fr..m Oavld
Tbom 1-, a c.'h'l.i at''d tre.- ami fruit eulturist in \(!W
York, to a lady friend in .Michi^^.in, who i- an • nthus-

Cicor^e >\aik(3r's Premium ( rop of Corn.
The manuscript r(»port of the above sent us fnun
Ilarrisburg, we linl .•on'ain> s(;me (dTata, wdiicb iastic cultivator ..l" plant.s an. 1 11. .wers. Inthisbdter
Hhould 1; M.'orrected. OnK two names were append- I ^^^ rec .mmen.l- th.' soil taken fn.m tic hrink ..f a
od toif tliMf <.r T., 1 A\' ' ' 1 • •.. I \ ! ravin.', wlei'c ill.' lim.' ha^ been hached out oi ifhy

•-a 10 11, tJiat OI Judge W ill. dc, ,111. hinj; omitted, Asi , . ,, , . • i ,i -i ,.;,i ,,,;..,. i,,.,.oca

. '^ I .-. I the rains. 11.' has tn."! the s,,:! \^ uli ent,, - success.

MGwasono of those who assisted in the in.Misuringof ^ Some peat eaith nia\ b" mixed with it to a.lvantage,
the corn and surveying the ground, ami as hi- name, ! provid.d it h' hrought from a locality where lime
«' extensively known, affords in itself a sufHcient , ^vill «'"i be lik(dy to be mixed wit it. The soil where
MiriiUMo .iP fi « . (.,, , . . they flourish in all their be.iuty m Pennsylvania, is

Ji.irautee of the correctnosi> of the report, it is prop- ^.^,^;;^^,j , j,,,, a;,i„te.^ration .d gravwa-ke rock, in

^il:

t!r it should be added

y

which there is no lime, This j.cculiariiy should ab

There was an omission also in respect to the dis- ways, we think, bo regarded in the culture of these
^'^nce. It should read -in rows 3] feet apart, run- , P'^'f • '^^^ ^\^^''}'^ ahvaysb.. planted in the shade,
nin^nnrfK o 1 .1 1 o /• . . • as thev select shadv woods lor tlnnr h(U>il<d among

';n^ north and south, and 3 feet apart in rows run. ! t^-^.i^. native hills in'X.nv York and Pennsylvania. If
nmc; east and west." "Worked twenty six hills," j any of <uir citizens wish to cultivate thos<i b.'autifni
should read *'husked t venty six hills." . pbantp/itwillcostthem very littleto try the experiment

^f'"^

* "f?'^ ''*"'„ *^> -„ ,•■''■7

'f ./'*.

378

STOCK.

M,

ifrj^

■■n.?^*^^

I>ri{II AM HI

' I>. UI.MJ^ (I. -i^

nOf.MAH.

DUKIIAM (on. ( ISriMlV. -!\ VK

'''cutl^TiiH;:^;.'^^ ^^^^^'^'> ^^^ ^ norMvn. ^SV^

STOC^K— CHOOSING MILCII COWS.

379

The nortruits of ))"H '^'^'^ ^^>^^ ^^ opposite pago,

,ruveJ Irom da-uerrootype lik.nosHos, aro spoci-

^"^^^f ^jijit m:iy bo att!iin(^d l>y scientific :ui 1 ju-h-

'"'"'Iwsos of choico native stock, with selected tlio-

"u Ml brfd Durlurii Inills. Tliey are grade animals,
7" hill l)"in<' l-^-l'^^» andth^cow J Darham, andare
!l.V..aal in some points to tliorou^^li hr.^ds. The -
^.r. l.r.'d and are n)W owned by A- ii .l.aar, of Wc:

y

St

rally from 7i to 800 lbs. One killed last fall, weigh-
ed HIO 11)^. Th(>ir places arc filled up by the young

hellers C'liuiii;^ m.

Wafer i-^ thrown into the Icirn yard b} hydraulic

ram, atlurding a constant supply.

The farm attached to the Institution, of over \i>0
acres, under the charge of his Knglish farm mana;;er,
•luhn liie, is a pattern of clem tillag'^, neatness and
productiveness not oft(m met with. The pastures are

' .r.nn.'tor of the celebrated hMi-din- scho.d ' w.dl set w.tli niti.r.il trreen gra-*s, (pni i-rutensis,)
v.ster, propru.L -. i ,..,. 1..., /,.,,,. \ 11 t!... KniMin-rH

W hieti

hears

Institution.

hordofcow^ and li m!.t>, M .m uu.nivM-, all o

lii;-; nam", and who^. w'liel, i. Mi^t.iiie-d Ky t .pdrr -in-. All th" iMiiMin.L^s

111

:n

il ti\;ur'. l"..r <• .'kin^ an I -tevminj; !'>1. pij-'i-y

r li>, iir'X'd with Darham I iVic, iire "f" til ' nii-t

loll

Ttie lal-

-, J, ^., [ 111--' "!• 1''^^ iii'X'a witu iMr.iam I i\:c., are (.1 m- miim . Mmj.l.-te (joenpt
wll>"v-' 1>'''''' l'"-""»"'l '■> """■' J"''""^ su-!l..r,-„.t:iini„.^at Ihi. tiMM..-,ol,.v'-.>lwai l,,- .l..,r,il,-

tM ;liiv dairy ol tiie sani-.' number

ed In niir \\'\\. Tle'V are of tli- Client, r euunty
hree 1, and have lM'(>n sold to various part-^ of the
Tnioo. A da-nerreotyp'' or(»ne ..This suj-'-ior h .ars
is in processor en-raving, for next ;iuinl)"r of ilic
Jonrnal.

fiuenon's Mcthtwl ol (Mntosin;; Milrli Cows.

We <'iv<' l.elow a rei.ort o| a < oinnntn'e oi m-' I'ni'i-
ad'iphia A-rieiiUnral So<-i<"ty, appointed to t(-t the
correctness ..i' ( .ii.'nou',- tlieMi-y. and al-o the reMilt
,,f the e^^aiirinauou iif soni',- c.w-, made \.. .h.lm Ntd-
tlin,wh<) appears to have verified and tested it 1 y ma-
ny years ot Observation. He has compiled a paui-
phlet, on the subject from which these extracts are

pcrior a.> a wH"'

iu this section oi eounlry.
The bull. '11 'iny <'iay," was only two years (dd, '

the -4th ot'Djcember last, aiel wei-hed, the day the

Ja^ruerreotype wa^ tak-n, l'i'.»7 lbs. He measures

from between hl^ b .n.^. lo (!, • p 'rp Midienlar line of

the tail 10 feet (i inches, a.i 1 lO feet round tie- -irth

iKjhiud the sh aiM r. lli> sire was got by imp .rled

Vorkshireiiiiii. brod by Tbo;n i. li tl-s, Kirkleavin-

t.,n, Hu-laiid, selected Lliere and brou-bt into tin.
c-miity a fe'W years since by doseph Cope, dam \ ir-
(;iuia, out of imported "Strawberry girl," by impor-
ted bull, "His Grace." "Henry Clay" was got by
1» Worth's bull, dam K ■ I K'-', hy young Tritice ot ^ _ _

Wales, Graiid;lam II .>e by Sirode-s 'oulb » iran 1 dam take,,, detail!. ij; tb- netb.d of p,d^nn„^ <-ows with
Muley ahali'blooi bv abuliofdohn liar- 1'o.a ..[I's. | s,.venty-ei-bt ilbi^irai im,~. It 1- p.ibli^b-l by «'. li.
Muley'was a very .upcrmr eow ol tine p .,u-. lar-^ l>o..rs, 20 Market st., Poilad. and may be bad M
size and '^vve \V1 'piarts of milk per dav, and made I hl,„, ;,:„l aUo al tie' A -ii-iiun-al V> ar^b.-n •■ ,n t.iis
12 iL otOutter p v we.k. Sae was .elected by A. Wuugh; pric :V) et.. Altbo..,!, tins system nv as
Balmar,astheHtart:,u-pVint in brer lin.:. and tliepcr- muHi ridienled at tir.t, we consid :r it^ pnn<-iples jis
fectiou'his bean-ilui le'id ba> b-^n brougbi up to, | fuHy establi^ie'd by aer.nl r xperiment^^. I' h.^b-n
evinces his iuLnneat m leT vleete.n and sub^e^pr^iit ^,,,r.„ to be eorre.e. by ii.i!,y o| o,ir b -t dairMiem
crosses. Cn^-ry \o. '1 1. aU . dcM-ended Ir .m lier, ,,, :l,;. ,.M-tion. L'ke inanv otb •■ ib.n-^, b .wevep, 1
bein^ „ l.urham, -.1 bv T, as eler out of Ro^e. ("iierry ,,.,,, n,es to be stnd.ed ear^'inlly, not merely -l:inee,l
is a%lendid cow, and .nx uv loin, baek and b.u-, ..v r ,n a e„r-.ry man.e'r. d'l... ^v^t-m ba- In.,, dis-
and in her straightness bebii, 1. is s :ldom ^iiriKL..ed. credited in v,,nie plaee-;, ],y pu- m- ma^t..,'in-a
Sue is also very tine in tb.> bone. \fnn of the p .nt. and nnd-rtakm;, to jnd... a^ H

This iierd ol cows and the comph'te c. ^^d mi^e c^' ■ tle-v had ma^te,-ed the n'hob. It is not ditheuit to .earn,

fixture's, are mod(ds in th.'ir way, an 1 w li wortliy ot
attention.

Th(iCOW stable is LoUcei long, c iiled an i pla^t r-
cd, the il)or all pav(^l witli briek. It is 21 feet wide,
allowing a space for cows to stan 1, of '• i 'et. witli a
passage' of 5 feet wide beiiin 1, feed-trough 2 feet, and
an entry S feet wide, fVonting the stalls, and covered
with m)rtar H )or. Tnere is a gutter behin I the
cows, graded so as to have a two feet fall in the
length of the stable, and a sink at the biwer end to
catcli urine, ifcc, which is mixed with soil, and car-
ried out on the land. Nothing of this kind is allowed
to be wasted. Each cow gets about half bushel of
Rugar beets per day. As they get old so as to be un-
profitable for dairy purposes, they are f\ittened and
slaughtered for the use of the school, weighing genc-

l,nt Mice details are to be understood, and examined;
and time, pradirr, and close observation, arc necessa-
,-y. Witb tb.esft, every fanner can easily comprehend
tin. .v^te.n, and save himself a le.iNy loss, in paring
,,.,|ke^.p.ngp-rmilker^. XMlbn' - work I ~ ^obMan-
tiallv the same as « laenon's, smn-A bat p dueed m
size," and perhaps simplified, especially that part re-
lative to crossing in breeding. On this head we (luoto
the following, and recommend farmers to obtain both

works.

rM'POllT

Ofthn Com miff er' appoinfrdfo invesfii/ate the merits
of yfr. Jvlui X'lJli,Cs .simplifrnfumof Gucnon .v mc-
ihod of tcstiwithe value of miirk cows.
The Committee to whom was intrusted tlm oxami^

nati(,nof ( J uenon's system, very respectfully offer the

result of their proceedings.

380

CIIOOSINCi MIK il COWS.

servat,,.,. to verify tho p„l,|iHl„.,l sti.."., ,,,'"'' T^ ' ,,p , Sam..,, c Kc,.,

Hcrvations.and rl.oM,..i. : . ' ' ^. ' V "" '^ "'f i or u wooks after raUni.rh.r vi/.l.l 1 '"'^^' »^»^out ;.

I't 'nt!,.s<M-.her,n;i|.isvorysoo.l."" ^i-''^--'

Correct in every respect.

mi:. WI!JU\\^()\\s^''n\vs.'* ^'"'*
^''>. I. i>>;l<>:urs to the L\I (-1;^^ mm,I •• I i

tH.tw„,.v.i„..,.us,iis.„,',,„' .iu;,,u,i, :,::''

>-l-s. S,.e .,„ ,,,,j ,,., „„„ „j, ^^ ^,,,, ^1 _.;.;;. N

No. 2. ''HvilonLCS to the l2(I order 'in.l ] .i .!
woul,l,„s!„. w;.n. as IH,.,.. as N,',:' '..,'; ;:;;"*,
-.1^^1.7 ...UhU as, t,ssh,HU.,n'r;-:; ;;'

.vuedacow ,,,.,, „.o,,. u.a,, ,u„ v, a Vu

• ;''/■■^'•• l-t;l .xunnu.d aINu. o^^v^, a.kMow S
'^" I" ^" I.H Ion;; ox,,.,.,,.,,,.,, will, cow-s, h,. had no

. s whole l.fo ^,.,- .so ia,-o a .uunber of suet

't . S I U. o( ,S. .M:u,y „th.T farts whir!, „,„., ],„„

I'Ol aiv Mcces.sanlv .,„iittr.i. '-lunea,

••HilTincATi; or MR. WII.KIXSOX.
ri,c .Icsfription Kivni of my CUW.S Ijv .Mr \.ffli„

.Mount A.ry A^n-'l lustitnt., ( i.-nnantou n I>a

'nil-: cKossiXij OF i]iu:r:j)s.

<Vossin;r isth. eouj,lin;;ormale an<i fennj. .ni
•n.ils, j.nnnied w.th nulk-mark.s imn. .lillmni .la.-
M's or or.iers. as also of dilferent races.

'"-^^-i-'^sin- pru.hh-es two kinds .,lr.,sulr. Iu-
I "'"'^'' ^'"'!''- ''"'"'"■ '■'il'^-niarhs, l„;l /;,„, ,/,.;; ;,,^

ran, „.^,i he coupled without injun/ to the yield oftk
mill.- liut crubses between ditferent classes ulVays
l""';;!'"''; -nifavorable results, and inoro so when tL
''."11 ';■■'"";:. to an !;,(;.,•;,„. ,,nfT, or oven to an iufe-
rior elas.s.

^nrU \Kuvny^ of the se.xes will redn..' the breed to

;[ ' '^^''r ^'l^iss or order; it nniy even cause a great did-

^y^nv'A.u.u ,M (le. niilk-niirror, an<l make a elassifica-

ticii inip .^Mhle, when, as a matter of course, it ho

comes ,m|,racticablo to ascertain the order to which
tiie anim.i behuMrsj

1 sr»:

r.9 1

BOOK NOTIOKS.

381

\

.luwlopn,;,' the n;ituro a,„l .•harart, '• ..f Wn-u or ' I ' """"' '",''"• "'"' «'*'' ^'' '>' "J qt,s. of milk'-':,';' ""
Hcrvati,.n.s,an,l tl.o mode in which a, , . ■" •" ' l"" "" "■''■^''"* "''''■■• ' '1^ '"" lici- viiid , . ' f*"" «

«nec. procoods in hi., oxa.nlna ,'">,;,';. ",' ■.';'■ : ''^ '"'^'^ ^ -O' Ko-d.'" ^''" ''^ "'"=' l"^-"if.l;

"n?o:r,V;?"'T' ^ "■'- ^'""-" ■• I -

«Lnce or tfn^ members nffli,. /' . . ., '

marks of Mr V f« i, , ,' ^^"""!'t->. A!! the re-
wore taken lu ^" ^'- '^11 ^'"■'l"<-ti<msan.lansw(>rR,
>^<-r( takMi ,i,,UM at thr moment |,v M,- a,..),,,, ^
ii'>ii. I' I mo 'rii.ln,. ,.>. . • AithnrCan-

werei.o,,,a;: ,1,'; :■■■''''■;"'■' alN,is .s,a„.,„..,.,s

^. '1-^ To!-,,, a ;::Viii'V'7"r''' ''''■'■''"■"

'■•'■tMul h,sto.-v of I : ' '.""■";'"">• a clear and

■■' '"" -'"' p n-tico a , V ::''':' '''"•'."■;■'•>•• . -\f"'-

most w...... '"^' Mi<^Mtion. carrie( (.n m the

iiiosi sear*' iin,'" imiiih ... i i '^'"

adhesion, a,.d ox,,,-,.,,;,,!, ';■"'. ' '"""^' "'?''

«cept.ci.nn a. far a, po.ssihlc, b'< r;:,,^^^^^^^^^^

A. L. fiiwvv

I

<ii:()R(;K Hi.Kiiir,
Is.wv. \kut.).v.

•^OIIN- N\'lI,KI.Nsov,
'^^MIKL W'll.l.I.xMS,
'""'^^'1 KI. (\ F(,Kn.

from .M-vssrs. Ford and
'■•>;.inii/ied bv .Mr. \(d-

• '"nv(>viMv: to

The followin*; cortiil'aie-
Wilkinson, whose cows w. ,,. ,.
tin, are present..] f^r ih.pur,,... ,,|
the reader a clear id.^a n\ i|, . .,, ,,t,,„l t . • •

andre,„ovin«anydo,..ut;,,,;';,;;; ;;::r::;r^^^^^^

fa mrr. U h,.n ,t .. r.uaemherod thnt .M,- \, -I'll,, 1 d
no prior knowledg,3 of the cd.ara.-t.r of ,l,e c, w su

MR. FOIID'S STOCK.

I

belongs.

the anim.i

1st Cow. "Isal)astard of the ;]d clas. o,j .,,,,. , ,..;^^^'''\'»^;^^^^'^ fan .mlj be obtained by the crossing of
and ,s an excellently made cow; her milk ^vrv' T ^'^^'^^^"^ ^^^' races, when the mirrors of huth

nch of which she wilt yield 10 ^ts., bu «h • dr id TT '7^^'"^' "' ^^'^' ^''^'''^ ^^'^^'^ ^'^^' ^"^^-^'^^
suddenly after becoming pre.niant " '^^cd oi h- male beh)ngs to a higher order.

I certify the a)>.)ve i.7a correct renort of the ' .• , '"'.'^''^ the obj(>ct of crossing is to obtain a hoa-

qualities of the cow ^ '^'' I ^'"' f''^.''^ ^^^^t^^'' ^t is advisable rather to procure

nip, , Samufl C Foin, ' ^uT ''^''^^"^I which of course must b. provided with

2 Cow. ''I.s a bastard of the ;]d ohi s^>d L i '^ T'^^P^^'^^^ milk-marks. By this means tho

and has no mark; will calve about tLstoT^rcl^ b^^^ "^ the crossing wdl bo obtained sooner th.D

01 iviarcli, b> the purchaoc of a cow, NefHin's Treatise.

IKMHv NO III IX.

..S<»u. «'F THE South." This is a periodical of over
^l^irlv pages, jmblished at Columbus, (ieorgia; well
Bustained'^in its several departnv'nts, l)oth editorially,
and by J^ lar;;e corps of able contriljutors. Wc de-
l^^l,t to see agricultural ]>apers ho well stored with
pnicticul articles, as the ''Soil of the South," ni pie-
icrcnoe to lung communications, on mere abstract
subjects. This paper well deserves, au 1 u.o duul)t
receives, extensive p:lt-onau^^

annum. Though not exactly an ngricultural pnp'r,
it is a standard work cm scientific mattc^rs, is ably
HUpj| )rted, abound • in lIlustrationH in each mmiber,
and deserves the patid!ia;j;o ol all business m<;n> who
wish to b(* posted up with th" improvement-! of th''
day.

"Ohio Fafimkii,'' [tubllshed at CMevidand,, a we(;k-
ly ]>a](i'r, ^J per year. Thomas Urown, IMitor. This
is in its seeon I vilune'. is of large newspaper l'->rrn,
coinbiiiing no\vs of ih^' dav, with a (l"partnii'nt appro-

,. ,,,, . . . , 1 . ., ^v. . ' l>i"iat(.'d e.\elusivelv to A 'M-i>'u!tnr<' are! llMriiculture

• M,. Ill,, \s IviiMKii. 1 his rs jnsL sindi a papora- f

, • •. 1 I ,. 1 1 it well illu^trat ■d,atel (h'servi'-t to be wll .^U|)i)i»rted .

wcbhuuld r\\»'r[ m >\ir\i a<piarter; spintt.'d aiido\ri- , i i

llowin-withg-odthingsllke its own exuberant soil. Itj "Iloimci:i,Ti lusr," published at Koeh..si.-r, and

Hoom-^" ' havrsprung at on<-e intog.Mieral popularity, ', •^<lit<"l »>y 1^^^^^-, l"'''''' ^-- TMs w-ll known p^'re.d-

ii'al is fultillin"' tin' rxjuM'tation W' foriu'-d of what

,1,1 1 li.i^ '.nade s.i 1 havoc in Mi.diigan among -ubseri-
b-rs to papers, pnMishcd in N.'W York, an i other
vSlates. ^^ '' \^'-h it the Ixvst success.
"Western Fioi.im l>ov," ]»ublished at rort\\ayn»\
Indiana, No. I, -d \ ohinnr I, is befoni us, This is
a n.'W p'.ip''!" <alled into l)cing, by tln^ wants of the
farmers of tha' <.'.-fi.iir and from the sneeim''n bf-
f.,r.- iH. wc think will Im> fiiliy espial to its task. We'

it Would be, unib'r its prc^-nt Kditor. It, fully main-
tains its high rt-putation, an<l no FrniL < 1 1' owcr, or
residi^nt in the country who wishes to l»eauti!y and
adorn his hoiu". wit!i the attractions of choice trec^
and shrul'bcry, and iiowcrs, and ph;asant walks,
sh<»uld be without it. Witli its beautiful t,'ngraving,it
IS ail ornameni lor uic c'liu'e laiuc, or uie book ease.

S.vx ros's Rn: VI- ll\\i)d>,oKs — I'n h-r this tith', ('.

hope it will soon be "out o| the woods" itself, wiih
R long list of Mibseribers, and also be th.^ means of M. S ixt .n. A -rlcultural book publish-r, N'.-w York,
assisting to make many a good clearing, and iinjn-ov- Ih issuing a --ri-- of che ip and u- ful little books

til it are wortliv da place in 'very farme'r's library .-
We have before us, of these books alrea<ly published:
Th" .\.Mi:'u< \.\ Kireu;;s (i\iu>.'.v, containing j>rac-

cd farm.
"JouRS.\L OF AoRicuLTrRF-," Bostou, W. S. King,

r. lit(ir, Mapev k IJartlett, assistants. This is one of

our standard p ipers, most ably eondueled. and which I tical dire.-tion^ lor tie- c^ultivaiio,, of vegetabh's and

always repays examination. Some o{ our ex<diang- ' gard-n fruits, by T. ( i. Fes.scnd-n.

cs do to glance over, this re'piires rrdilimi, and elicit^ i Tin; Cow, D.ilry 11 i^'i m iry an 1 P»r(»eding Cattle,

tlwujkt. I'lie .-eiciiec as wcll as praetie(; of agri(Mil- j },y M. M. .NFiUeirn, autlKjr of the prize essays of the

ture, is elucidated m its pag's. One of its editMr;-. at j i; .y.tl Agrleultural S )i>ie^y, Knglan 1. edite'l by A ni-

Icast; if we are to judge, by some ree<'nt "yvj.v.va^t.v" i br<)se Stevens, editor of \ ouatt and Maiiin t-n cattle,

(n ot of the nio-t ami('al)le nature with theibmessee KvFiivLAnv iikkow.s Fj.owkr C \Km;N itk- .Vddre.^F-

Fanner) writ"S with a deel pen. l' ulortunat(dy, it ^, j j.,^ ^j^,, industrious and econoiuleal ; eontaining

8eein> to have been ".Nrauliug" th(> wrong inin. One
ttubject, however, does as well as another, to excreis'-
upon. Should tiie Farm dourmil «!V(!r come under the
displea-ure (d" tln^ aforesaid stci pen, like the anec-
dote told oi (Jajttain Scott, we now oifer to conu^ down,
and surr-'iider at (liscretion b'Jorclvind. Is tin- satis-
factory i

*'W.\ri)kr's Westrrn Horticulturai, Rr.viK\\, "Cin-
cinnati, .^ ; per anum. Tliis is the able representa-
tive of the West, as the Ilortieulturist is of the Fast.
It abnnnds and overflows with vabnible nia'tcr,
Mi-1 is well apjireeiated wherever it goes, and that | price of these iruid-l>))ks h uuiloi-mly 123 cents

simph; and practical directions ^^)r cultivating plant**
and flowers in th '. garden and in r o mos. IJy \i )uis:v
Johnson. R ivisiid from tlie I kh L )ndon edition, ami
adapted to the use oi American ladie-^. This book
contains a deal ol^ inf)rmatiou th'it will be f)und ve-
ry useful to cult! valors of flowers. Tlio American
editor, however, c<unmitted an oversight in not re-
versing the "mon lily notices" in ehaj>ter liHh. The
climate of FiHgland diiVers so materially from our
own, that "rules for planting" during the winter
months //i'-rc will b' utterly inappbcabUj here. The

is pretty much all parts of the country. The
Editor is fortunate in his location, ami has a clear
field before bin), which he knows Iiow to oi cujiv.
We studied Vir-'il'H Georgics in the same S(diool,
some few years since, in Philadelphia. He knew
how to make hii mark, then, and his p?ner shows he
can do it yet.

"Scie.ntific A.mkrican," a weekly Journal, pub-
lished in New York by Munn and Co.; price $2 per

The Mm.k Tr^ok iv Nkvv \'okk wi* Vicimtv, by
John Mullaly, with an introduction by K. T. 'frail.
M. D. Fowlers k Wells, N. York. rri(;e 25 cents.

In this little voluni • we have an account of the sale
of pure [\w\ a,lolterated milk, the daily and yearly
consumption, the amount of ]^r operty invested in the
business, injurious (streets of impure milk f>w children
advice to country dairymen, &c. This work is worth
the cost, if for nothing else than to learn the procefiH

382

P.ooyc NOTICES-WORK FOR MON'TII.

by which Xew York U supplied with in.lk hy her
own ''City Dairym.n." Tho up^^rations of these hvrge
«will milk estahlislim-Hts as dotaihid in this book
would ho utterly in.r.dilWe. if the facts w(.re not too
well ostahlished to adiiiit of a doubt in the matter.
Wo shall niike s nu extracts from this work in our
next number.

The Proukessivr Farmer; A scientific treatine on
Agricultural Chemistry, the (Jeolo.y of A;5ricul,ur.;
on Plants, Auimils, Minun-.. and s.mIs. Applied
to practical a-ricultnre by 1. I. \a>h, instru.rnr of
A-ricu.ture in Xnih^isi C>,ll.-e, ctj., etc. ('. M. Sa.v' ,
ton, \c\v Vork. Pricp .'0 cMrits '

^V m

that wc

the best varieties of fruit trees, and nianf ^"^^ ■
3. to 40 feet apart. Peach tVS-":!'^^^^^^^
p-ars and plums. Dwarl pears. 10 to P 'Sx'
'nay ho done this i.,, nth Pr..p;uv .rrafVi ''S ■
'>"^",,r t!,nM. parts of bees wax three' triZ^"^^'^)

-,-^ -Utin,s, hPst removin. all u'c" C' ''

ir.'nch and prepare the^rrourM thon.u.^hlv wh '^

liiauure. Orape vine cuttin;;,s should b"e nhn i ^'^'

two eyes out of the ^.^round.and in a s il ^.'h '^ '"^1

-^<1 moist. Tnm ^rapo vnies at once nnrr
done, an I di-in arouod roots w.ll rotte 'H' '

^^trijM,ir.|alin-ees,coc<>.n,andla;!;oti; "r^^
apply u-i^h I,.f;,n. reconiui,-,„b.d V.n.k V""
;i-;-'"tre,.. Manure and clear up sirLli^^^^
a>pl' M-ry beds, a.id make n.w plaluati.n. .f V:"^

.-.r ..MK. , no- ,1. ..,.„ts. I [-,1 vry l„.,|s, a,„l ,„;,k,. n.n- nlai.tati,,,,: ? ''^

u.M »sef,il ;u...l ,.xr.||..„l ,Mil,li..ati„a, ai.l ,„„. ] '"■"":'■ ^"'-l' "I tl„. latter a- uvv lai.l ,l.u„ Lm

1- > I, ! • • • ' '"r l»i'( )tee ti(i)i "*5mi.

- ewry

farmer topurchase an (eaP-fnllv read and stud" Our

Vc;;«tal(le Gardtwi.

ti.au W1.CU ho opeued it. ' ! :1,,':,„';,I "'^„'.:;: ";,\"'"'- ■■'■"I ""' '•■m.iitm,, „™;;

;j;r"un(

»0|{K lOR Tin: MOM'II,

l''arni.

Sow clov:»r seed on wheat H-dl^ >-fore the .around

gets settled, at the rate of 5 or 6 ,,.,arts t,. aer" Ti.u-

othy, Italian rye, green -rivs, ,t ... n. iv a!^,. n-.w bo

sown, it not done in th- fill. |\. n."-!!' but el^in

seed. Plough grouml and nu

111 uais crt»p as soimi

1,. ^ 1 V " ' ^'^ ;"" ''"^ •■^^'iy injurcl bv
lo.st. .Iiuuld b. .sown, sn.h as peas b,.e!. nnrsni,' I

lettuce, rad.sb-see.l, union-s.ed and sets 'eirlv f''
rots, a<pan,u^us seeds f.- n-vvb-d.; h,iI i\,i,Z
two year old roots,cabb a .•e-..eed,.tc. I ft!,,. L.^kcrl '
suitable, eabba-e. b.rru.-e and cauhfiuw,.,-. unv L.
{•'anted out fron.n-un.. I'l^'over spina 'h. , n;^'
l"'tUee.A. _ .vneb .-round bo- bo..,.-ra^li.h;,„.il'
-I' pieces .fold roots in rich so, b niv>. up rhubarb
'•»" 1 "• liini-' tliorou-lilv it not ab-radv dMuI-
Uive close attenticm toTrames.&c., and cover on cold

, r-> o- - — • .v..,» w,, ,,, ti.iL,'^ cn»p as soon

as the weather will admit, sowin^: ^ot less than 2 to 3 : ,,,,

JUS lels to acre. Piss a roller over after harrowin^r X,L r- '.^ '■", '^n'' '"^" ^"^^■'' ""^oia

Rol also mowing and recent pasture L^round Th?s ' ^ ( ^^^^' ;^»T,^» *i'^^' ^ays. Tomato, pepper and
settles such roots as have been heaved up bvwintr «-p P';^'*^^' .^^''^'^'^ '^ave u;rown thickly, sh'uM b^
W plaster, one bushel to acre, over a 1 e !" 's r.'l T '''■' ^'Z^'"'^- ''^=^''^ '^''^^ ^^^'^^^^

fields This shoubl be done this m .nth, so a"s to ' nl .""""", ' '"'V' '^^'^'''^ '' ""' ^'^ '*" ''"^^'Jv-for
have the bmefit of m usture in the sml :m,I ...iin^ ' ^ iVi .""'c ';"'•' ^^'^'P'^'^'^ «<>^^n as the we;itlr^rii

rains. The ammonia in rain water by combination '" "''' V'^ '1 '^'-^^' ^'^'""^ nmrjoranMviuter

with plaster, lorms the non-volatile subd, ue of an- -^^.^^O'. P^^nnyroyal and other per.nnial In-rbs, bydi-

n>onia. The etfects of plaster are not so obsen'ald^ I i ';"? ^'', T'" "^ "''^- ^'^=^"'" '^'^^"^ -^^^'^'^'^ I'^^''^'^^^'

in a very dry seastm. (uiano mixed with plaster m-y ' ? ^r ^'''^' ^^' sprouting, and cucumbers in frames

also be sown with advantage as a top llnUin"' '^ I ^"\'^^-:"'"-; ...

grasslands, ma damp spell .d'weatbor or jn.t l^re- ' „, f. 7 ""', '"''; '" -- ';''l"'"".^. loak

vious to rain; but super-ph .sphat. .f Inn.: in- -ns "'; '' '^^".^ '•''"' ^'^ " J''''''^^' '^^" ^^^^■

b":-pose is preferable. Haul ,.nt manu.v U.^n barn- " ''' '" ''^'" '" '"■^"^^'•

yard lor corn an I potatoe ei-.-p.. wi,,,.), ;i,v .^m:^^ W^od- l^'lower C^anlen.

crs, an(j re^uir.- it : n^inr for wh-.ar ..r,,p in fall -„. I 'J'''"" '> a lai^^y month in the Flower (bird-ii K

ano and super phosphate ofbin^-. t!, ,. makinr ;,,:,.. ' ' ' "

con^:indm,rcirhraf. Iliro an -xtra baud or tVo f .r
a leu weeks, to accomplisi, tln^ in season. Tie- fer-
mentation <d th.Mnanur.^ in the soil ^tiniulM te^ tii

better to

- .' •■• '■.III 111 iin^ iiu\ici <>;iroi'ii. il •

JHove tile eoverin- from the roses, and all liab' hardy
t.]iii;;>^. b .osen the fa-r(■nin^^s of juniper^. Iri.^h
yews Ae.. by wbirh they j,a l' beoii s,.rur-d a;^ainst

, ■" -.V- >-,u.. >iiiiim;in- m.- ,^y">'''=' >^"nn>. Prun.- r-..^.. and Ih.werin^r shrubs.

early growth, and aff..rd.> lood fbr ().< ifia'urin;r id" ^"1"""" r— ..,,(,., m-v.^ in i iio ninnin- varieties, to
1)^"*'',* "^ I cut out a. niucli old wuod as possible^ leaving (.nly

1 lough deeply and subsitil corn ground. Top-dress ' ''^''*^'-'^'' ^^ ^''^' previous summer's ^^rowth ; shurtou
winter grain which was not manured last fall. Plant ' ^^''"^ one-third, and secure them finnlv to the trellis
p'|tatoesfor early crop, as soon as groun.l u lil ad- "'" ''^'^^^■' ' *i'i.v rosea treat as al.ove". nnlv shorten
mit. Uive particular attention to cows wlii,i, hivc , t'»'-'r shoots two-thirds. The Ih'oid p-rprtuals,uiid
calved, and ewes having lambed. Succui. m fond i ^i=^i'<lv gird mi roses should be louned back to three
sue I as turnips, carrots, beets, increases the How of I '"" '""^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ *»''l ^vo,)d. Kises will give more
mi k and shouMalw.ays be given in addition to •-•rain i 'J^^tislaction by being closelv pruned, than ctiicrwise.
and fiay. teed the mothers well, is the true nlan to i ^" pruning shrubs, cut out any dead wood : thiu out
make good lambs. Uwe a piece of early pasture ^'^^ ln'an(;hes where they crowd each other: shorten

ground to turn them on. Give extra feedin^^ t', W(U-k- '""'' «^-'-"i:-- ' ■' ' - -^

ing cattle. At leisure times, clean out thoroughly
and whitew.ash poultry h(mses insi,le. Piek stones
off mowing helds. Open the mouths of drains.

Fruit Orchard.

^^'^ .!;:.:!;o^" p:^;^!, r " ■i.-u-s^;^:;:; , rft- ■' ' ' "^' '^-i^^^ «^"^^' "^->^^^^' "^'^'

can be done duriiK^ this m .nth Seo Hir . fl f o"" ^''^^" "I'' «^T'^'-'it^'<l and replanted immediately.

planting in presenrnumbor f l-^rm Jou m^ S 1 ^ l^T""'' '^'' '''''''''^ ^^ ^'^''' ^' ''^^^'^ ^''^'^ ^'^^ ^^^''P
t uumoci ol 1 aim Journal, belect beds, or other articles which had been protected by

f

(

...4w».. .1 -y,K,xi. Miiipe. oecure noneysucKies, cioiuau- •
sis and other running vines firndy to their trellises. I
Manure liberally roses an<i flowring shrubs. Thifl
is a good time to plant all kinds of'^shrubbcrv and
evergreens, and jiU kinds of hardy biennials and pe-
rennials. All such as have grown too largi) should

AVnnK For M<»\ ril-SOriKTlK?.

r^83

"^7 -M.r winter Tulii)s, hyacinths and all other The Treasurer reported that the funds of the So-

^''''"/ r*l : may be planted eaidy this month. Trim cicty ha-l been augmented nearly ^liOHO since his ar-

i.,,ray ''"^ ;VtfK-ed.nn.^ Manur. and dig flower rival yesterday. , . • .. ,

?"^ ''l^weL Xan^and mli ^^.H l.uns and p-ass Dr. K.u vn pn-...nt.d a pap.r wvlUn by 'rot , linM .,

, iVvincTMod should be>altendrd lo tin. month. <•! IMiilad-'lpliia, and ar,u.nn- that t le^ anaU ..> ol soils

R^,*^'* onil r iT'LM-av.d walks, and make everything in lle^ piv>..nt stat- M ( 'lennstry, i« of no iinn.rdiate

Cleanan.liou m | practical value to the farner.

^"'xZt rtime toVaise annuals from seed fbr oarly ' . i'l-f M .pes said b- stoo<l ready to r.fute every po-
xNoNNiHUi ^^.i^.^itu,,! of varieties, and t lie sition assumed in t h-. papn-. and Mat.-d n>any niter-

"r'r^r r-usin- them we nv..uM rr\rv m an arti.le i estin- facts a-aiiMt tie- tJH.ny. Alfr an annnat-d
"^,-'lVlin tle-'^donrnalM' laM month. Plant, in di>.u..sion, 1 1.. pap.r nn a^ uit hdraun.

^"'''ri 1 have done blo.min.s M.ould be re- | < M. MotiunM Mr. P v. envutar^ nv.,-.- <bn-t.d

'''"'^",7. V '!.'/, /nlae,.. and th-Mr ^^l.oo,. shortened ' to b. addiv.s.d to the Il-ni. and Puv.^n ,yieu tur-
'''nVlder.ii.lv. Plants m cellars .bould have air ad- al Societies, proposin- nn mterebange of publica-
^ !^"i ♦ ,i;,.,,, f'retdv in mild weather, and be water- , tions. . ,•

, ,1 nniH no' iioy ^ ali/m;: ( Ontrress to establish a Nath)na! A;^n<-ultural

-.♦«-- -— - S(d:ooT. 'idle subjeet Was dcd'erred until the next an-

National Agricultural Society. | ,^^,^1 ,„,.etin-.

WA8IiIN<;TON, Pel). ?,. KVKMNO SESSION.

The \.rrieuUural Society met at '.> o\doek this The Society re-as^emble.l at 7 o^do(d^ tbi-* eveinn;,^.
,.nln.'^ "Nineteen Stat.-s' Were repn>sented, and a- Professor Mapes delivi^-e.l an inten-stm- Irrture .,n
r , l.i7i' nn'inb.Ts w.>re present. Various e ,mmit- f-rtili/er-^. Alb-r wbi.d. a resolution, e.»mpliiin'ntin-
toes r,.!..rt-l an amendment to the Constitution, the otlie.rs and ti,.- r.-porters,was passed. 1 be Soei<'-
ohan-.n ^ the timo of the annual me -tin-, to the lu.^t ty tle-n ad.,,.urn..d to tie- last \V .•dne..day in I'.'brua-
\v: In. 'dav of Fe),ruarv, which was adopte.l. | ry, iSob The lion. Samuel .Nb-dary from Ohio, par-

Mr. \> nrnrv, ui :u.i>-.., .-.ubmitted a pro})ositi(m to i ticipatcd m the deliberations.

,.,,,lii,.,, tic terms of admission, and annual sub<erip- -t^*-

^1.,,, ue'iiibrrs. This was drbat.'d and r.'i"cted. | I»tMm«^\ Iv aiiiu llt»rtiriilliir.>l SocicIn.

I'lie fttllowiii"- nersMn"^ wcr>' tli^'ii fl.'ctrd honorary i t i ,.

1 h. loiioNMH^ 1 |);„... s;,,,nul 'i"no Mtat.M ni'-'tin-' was held, as Usual. niM ursday

A,,,,leton 1 hum.. 11.1 -rk,,,,., IS.be.t ... M,a« . l,.l ^ ~'- ^^^ .^Z ^,,„ „„ ,.„„, ,-,;^„„ ;„ „h..„.I:u,co

uiund ivutten. , .. . ■ v t^ . r. M... oc.-ision the exhibition assure. IJT afforded

ThP snecial order, a restdution tomemorializef on- nn the o( easion, inc • Amniu . ^ x , „

^•^^'■'^ 'H'- ,. , , , • 1 »i, , a- ..or l,.«-t eon-.-rvatnri.'.-. A nioU'M le m a tuie plant

Mr (' ilvrrt suiniorted It. It was due. lie said. that ot oui t.' -i • "ii >.u .,.,,,, ^ < . r ,, i».t
.>ii. V ai\« II . u[.[» It ^ , . ,|„» /«...,r<</ /,///-^,>" //.v m lull tluwrr. Irom (»en. I at-

''T::!::ttu !::.,i >..,,.. ..„ „, ...,...,.,, .........n .r rw... ...-.< ;•.:„:,;: .^'i':;;:,:;;'^

rescluti.,.., «I,.M i. »a- ua.,,,r... wu-l.v. | seo :m \ . K _ _, ' 1 ^ ^ ^^^^ ,

President rnhnM-...n4 Secretary N.na.,n.,w..,,- j.l, ... | ■'.'', . ! f ;,„7, ,,„ of cl,oieo ,,la,„..

tere,! .1,.- 11.11 ana w,.,-,.rocc.ved u,.h, „:,*.,!., ..n- ,a ,1.- j n,. (■.Inl.li" „a- a ,.:„„ ..I ,l„. la,u..l

tion. the nnanlM'rs ri,-.in-. . ,"\;M,.nnti di^i'l.i\ In- a beautiful ll..w»'r and

Tl,. S.„.i,.ty the.. l.allMt.al .,„■ ,.ll„.er., a.el the l.l- In. ; -_;-;„";:;,';, ;;„'„'■'> , ,;, „,. „|,|„ „„,„,,„.,l ,,. ,;.

'''TC'lIiu Mars, ail' WiLl.T Vi... l>resi,l,.,„s li.iisfs |u,-,.,„an «,■,■,• ,„a„y .■l,..i.-.. |,la„.s .«„,,(

1 le>l(l,-llt — .M.llsl,all . . >> 1,'" I. ', ..I :. I, ,,.,...,. I, Ml s,.|.|, ...((irr al nUl- ,,!.. ..11, L'S. II, e /•//>'(-

cl.u...tts, 1!. V. l',a.,.el,; K1,.hI. I.land, .l..s,al, Cha,,- '-": ' ;;;;V;U ■ pe, . I .:,.;!, all n„..

Ohiu, .Samuel Mr.laiv, K.'imiek.v: i;..l..ii .Mall„ry: lo.e. l^^ - ^n.'is ni M | ■ ^ ^^ ^

AVri.uhl; illi„.,is. S,..|,l,.„ .\. '''''^-''^^^^^ "^.'^^''''^ V , ,/ ^ wi"^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Cue.„„l.e,-s. VVe„el, lW.,.s, 'IV

]l„hn,.s; Fl„ri.la. Simm<.ns Itaker: Texa.s, Thomas , .nat„e.,a„.I . ' ';-,^,, ^ . l' &,, y„„„ ,;„|„.rt

.1. l:,.sk: lo,va, .M. K. Coll,a,.j;l,; Wisc,,«s,,. A 0. | C..,,a..j.h.;r., -M 'sh. ™ ,^^^-^ ^,_

In.ham: California. .M. lTon,e,-;. I)is,r,et of (ol.,„,„a, ; ^--"'l I'^y *-:,," "^,r K„ul.arb.

Jo'sepi, il. l!i-a.lloy; New Mexico, •(. M. I*aii-'li .Min-
caota. 11. II. ,<il)ley; Oregon, Josei)!, l/ai„s tiah, -Jos.
S. Hayes.

Croft |>res,'.iiteil a fine display of Rl,..l>arb.
l're„,i...ns awa.al'.l were as ImIIoWB:— ■
CameUiax—l'^T the best six plants, to. lohi, i ■ llo-k

• '''^J"'^- „ ... , . , I iir 4 i .ov.l.iw.rto !■' I.eiini,'; for t le )(»t SIX cut llowers, to

Kxee„.ive Committec-(;. B. Calvert -J. ' Cston f^.'^ ^''^.V -, ,-J.''^f - ,^,, ,„ ,>. j..,,;,,; )-„r th,. s,mo,„1

Artl,ur Watts, John A. King, Moses xNewell, ll.cl.ard ll.o.nas ';;^;/^'-y;'';;"p^^,,,,„,r ,„ .,„,,„ Sh.TW 1.

Peters. . _. , ,;.'.....•.. ...,..\.^f..r tl.i. Iw.sst mIv nbints. to Heniamin

Corresponding Secretary— J. 0. G.Kennedy.
Recording Secretary — W. S. King.
Treasurer — Wm. Selden.

rrimifla yinmsis—^nv l\ui U^M six plants, to Heniamm
(iuUis Plants in iU^— for th(^ best twelve, to John
l^oUock F. Lcnnig's gardener; for the second best, to

384

.'^OriKTIKS

liaii; lor the secoi.a bent, f, Thomas M,.,.l,ru, . u I .n ' Tl , '■"""■•al s,„l,.„. ■"""""> -
be«t, to W,„, Manull. ;,anl,.n,..- o A ,: F : ,' 7 '" , ' ,"'u' r^' "^ "- ■'—'■V I'nl, i% '" tI"'

M OD

'pre*.

"1". :t n;i(u,., si, nun l>v II. (' Haiivo,,

ClH',S r(ir' till' li(>>it fill. . ly

t r,,, ,, '" '" "'t ten V iJiiiMis, Kilter HiKM-po

t '':r r ■ r''''^ ''T ' '^-^ci^M ,

, / . ■,"",""• K.ndcii.-i- to Mrs. .1. |{. .•s.j.itl

-t,o„ of Iv 1 , • , •■■,.!'::'"-'^,r'"!-. I'!'l'- acre. ()„

homa«

-'■.pud,.,,,.,. ,o .\1,... .). ,5. ,s,„i,|, :' „„„,,„■,. ■;'•';• ••■ '«"h,.ls ,K.r I..IC acre. On
'I- ';-t t,.„ .,„.,.,„„.ns, X,.„.town I',,,, to Mr. <.„,,;'"„''• ''"r"!': 'I.'«^' S'>oi''ty awarded

, •■•' ;-J'''^r ih,. I.,^st .li.wplav of i.muoiir .^l,- '„■.,''.'''' '', '""■',"'' ""' *'""""itt<-^ to nominato ,

denerH, .o \ „.. lla,„il|, ,,ar,|,.;„./,o .^Ir. l"!.!.^; ,! i ;p;, l"^^^^ ^ mat.-m ,1„. followin. „,«'„.;

thesucodd bost to .o.unas .u,..r,„-,,, „.,,-l, , ■'" ! "T, '"'""^'' "'« «»«"o.^ w-ar :

Kobert (V,.,,,,,,,,. a,ul a .p.-ia. p7!:n,,^•'T '::,'.,. 'J I';; 'T ' -' •^"■•'' ''-■-I'-

M rol, |„r a very l,a,„No„„. U.splav ol |;i | : , , , '^ ""^^~"'^ -'•-- il"""a.s Xicl.oUn T

A„ ,„t,T,.>„„^' a.l ,„„■,■„„ r;|„,n |,.,„„ tin. IVoir '|i;'"""''"'":.^'^ •''^'""•*'"--^am,.,.l .\ \ewt«n

oi!;;/-::^^ '^'" >- tbe^o.,..ittoe, <.r the ... 'm^r^^ir;'!:,:;-;;;/^- ^f::^;:";, 'f:;:f^ Z;'^-^-

to V.>s.Hatio„, last edition, an.'l .l':'.' y^'^Zu:^:^':^ "T''^"'- .'''''^'t t'- '"-nl-TH of the Susn,„.hanna
.^^ -ik.um ,..1,;.. il,.,r iii'l.-l.t-,!,,, « to th.. U,„„.,-ahl,. Wil-

N..rn,„„.„orIa.„l (•„,„„, Ai;rlcul..,ral .S,oi..,y. ' ""^>-";itt;-.r,.x..,-,io„s a,„i .llW.tivr.Vrv'i'oo^s \u ZZl
^ "- ■ ' - " '""' ''^"^■'^- "" 'rr.'"' ""^^x-'^- -•ar.le.All,..roti.,nary pre

wa.s (,rn:;mi/.,>,lnn tlir l^Jtl, ut May" l^.")!

Namu.l llur.t.r was .l.ctod it^Hrst JV.sId.nt, ,Jo-

f)ii It. I ricstly w ■ " ' ■

prosf'iit irjcinnltnut

The iolluwin- is ji li.st of \u officers-
1 iiK^iiu;\T_,Janu's ('a , ,.roii

ennJ^rv '''!^^^"^^'y?'^,r^''""-^'' <'• ^V'alk.r. Join Mont.

•^- l^'I'P' •'•'■'!' Ilili.i^li. havi.l L. hvlan.l
CoiiREsroNDiNd Seckkimm h.ivi.l Tt.o.'irt
Kecording SECRETARv-Wm. J. ( i ru.'nou .^h '
Treasurer- Wni. L. IVwart "^

miunis to <;,.or.r. w.,ik,.r lor r. ) I n P i^ ^ P'""

«;;,.l. K l>r„.sM, was „...„ „.o..„, and In. „' 1 ij' l!. , l','; ';;"''"' ^"' "' ">'''" ^''•-•'"- <■- - v,.; la^ge
prosf'iit irjcinnlKMit. '""> "-nt | > i(.i(i ,,f tho samo. -^ ^^

On moti<ui. tJK' S^KMotya.ljoumod to moot on Tues-
day evenin- ot the tirst week of April Court.

^^'vi. li. ,Jessi:i>, Scc'ry,

J^tatc Poultry S<iciety.

Wo li.'uv rooeived a fvunphlot containing tlH> Con-
stitution and By-Laws of th. State Pouitry Society
of Pennsylvania. The followin;. are tlie Jflkern ^f
.r, .-.!,,,, r ,r ,', ' v^"'^ - • """1-K. .\icxan(l(^r th(» Society for IS'););

l>.;PP«>', I'lMliip (»lM.r,lorr, \. .1. K,.,„; 'i;," ■ "' ,,,",' ■'■.^l"'"— •lam..sA,„lr..u-.s, Wm. M. Swain,

sel, Felix Monrcr, S.nnu,.| .)ol,n. I'lnll, / ,Sp v/ ! ^ v l,,; /n '''^'''''-''V'"'"''^' ■^' -^''-"'^ •'"l"' '^-l''
con Kreiner, James Hrar.l, Sr.. ('harl... |{, ll'' i T ' ';;";V'*-

The first fair was hold at S, ,,|,„ o„ s.h r ^'■•'^'^"'•"■■-W.llam Stevenson.

October, 18.51. The o.xhib.tion ui," or ,,,,,' ,1 ^^""T""^"'-^"""""^-^^"^'-'' A. S„,itl,.
ea ed out a„ o„...poctedlv lar,.' oonoou,. I. .o ' ';:;;::, ','; '^T^'^'^-T!^::''- '"\ '■•""•

lie Hocond fair came off at \\,rlluiMil, ol- ,,V V U' i . , "7''"^ Str,.tl,..rs, Josso M.

.« Sth and <.»d, of October, 18,4 Tl^x',,)! ( ."^' 'V '? ''■ '■;■.'■-"• '''""•■'■^ '^ '''""'■•• '■^'i"'" "-

tl'c hopes of its most sanguine pro ctors bo i I ■'■• '" t^''"'''- ^'''^^- "• ^^""'"'•'•

numbers that attended it.

Kii^lo, Fredk. (i. Wolbort,

The next will' be Md at .Milton carlv in Ootohor K .m""" v"" V •"?; Y''"''"" ^'- '^""-V. Ohrist..ph<>r
Kach year several hundred donarrb7ve beVi, p^ij K,!,'""' '^""l' "''"J' "' "^'^"•«'"' ^^'''l- t-'"""'- «-"»»,

i

y

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