Title: Pennsylvania vegetable growers' news, v. 15 Place of Publication: State College, Pa. Copyright Date: 1945 Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg058.16 V I I I PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS' NEWS PUBLISHED— JANUARY, MARCH, MAY, JULY AND DECEMBER Vol. XV state College, Pa., January, 1945 No. 1 A Publication of The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association Annual dues are $1.00, 80 cents of which is for subscription to the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News. Single Copy — 25c President Louis Orient, Bridgeville y^^f'^i®"^®**^ K- H. Hostetter, Sinking Spring Sec y-Treas Jesse M. Huffington, 625 Holmes St., State College 1 Directors — Ray W. Wenker, Bustleton. Mark S. Ladd, Waverly. K. S. Philp, Pittsburgh (16). Walter E. Peeling, Williamsport. A. C. Thompson, Morrisville. Ten-Ton Tomato Club Committee H. W. Huffnagle, Quarryville, Pa. J. A. Benedict, Waynesboro, R. ^, Pa. B. Snavely Garber, Willow Street, Pa. Herman G. Heuscher, Ivyland, Pa. Parker Lerew, York Springs, Pa. R. C. Smozinsky, Lewisburg, Pa. Myron Whitenight, 816 Market St., Bloomsburg, Pa. Processors Participating Adams Apple Corporation, C. Glenn Taylor, Aspers, Pa. Burgoon & Yingling, J. I. Burgoon, Gettysburg, Pa. Campbell Soup Company, E. W. Montell, Camden, N. J. Chef Boy-Ar-Dee Quality Foods, Inc., J. R. Keiser, Milton, Pa. G. L. F. Cooperative Cannery, James Crolle, Bloomsburg, Pa. Hanover Canning Co., Alan R. Warehime, Hanover, Pa. H. J. Heinz Co., L. D. Fero, Chambersburg, Pittsburgh, Pa., Salem. N. J. Edgar J. Hurff Co., Swedesboro, N. J. Hungerford Packing Co., Wm. A. Free, Hungerford, Pa. The Juniata Cannery, Luther K. Bowman, Newville, Pa. Keystone Grape Cooperative Association, E. F. Spiegel, North East, Pa. Gibbs & Co., Inc., W. R. Cameron, Quarryville, Pa., (Baltimore, Md.) Keystone Canning Co., Walter R. Knippel, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa Mifflm County Packing Company, J. Keene Saulsbury, Reedsville, Pa. . G. B. Morrow, Roxbury, Pa. The C. H. Musselman Company, K. S. Alwine, Biglerviile, Pa. Penn's Manor Canning Co., A. E. Ennis, Bristol, Pa. The B. F. Shriver Co., John Burgoon, Littlestown, Pa. Shirley Ayr Cannery, L. M. Hutchison, Mt. Union, Pa. Standard Brands, Inc., The Loudon Division, Earl Gratzer, Liti+z Pa Charles G. Summers, Jr., Inc., Charles O. Roller, New Freedom. Pa Welch Grape Juice Comnay. R. Morgenstern, North East, Pa. D. E. Winebrenner Co., J. B. Winebrenner, Hanover Pa. OR' i4ll t I) ' Contents Pennsylvania Ten-Ton Tomato Project 5 Annual Financial Statement, Ownership and Management 6 1945 Outlook for Canning Peas and Tomatoes 7 Largest Yields and Highest Quality Tomatoes, 1944 8 Pennsylvania Ten-Ton Tomato Growers, 1944 9 Ten-Ton Tomato Production Practices in 1944, Jesse M. Huffington 23 Tomato Variety Demonstrations 31 Growing Tomatoes in Allegheny County, Louis Orient 33 Double Quick Fertility, George D. Scarseth 35 Soil Fertility Practices That Pay, F. E. Bear 42 Tomato Variety and Strain Trials in 1944, M. L. Odland 50 Direct Seeding of Tomatoes, Roscoe Fraser 53 Controlling Tomato Insects, J. O. Pepper 58 Better Tomato Plants and Production Practices, V. A. Tiedjens . . 62 Controlling Diseases in Southern Grown Tomato Plants, C. M. Haenseler . . ., 67 Pennheart Tomato in Early and Interplanting, M. L. Odland ... 71 Mechanical Tomato Harvesting, G. E. Miller 76 Delivery of Tomatoes by Appointment, E. W. Montell 82 How Well Supplied with Vegetables Are We? W. B. Mack 85 Index to Advertisers 89 How About It? Is the NEWS giving you full dollar value? Does it contain what you like to read? Do you want, as suggested at the Annual Meeting, a full-time (grower) secretary? The Market Growers Journal will not be included in your $1 mem- bership, after 1945. Will you be willing to pay 25c additional for this? 1 i Pennsylvania Ten-Ton Tomato Project PURPOSE Theproduction of high quality tomatoes with large yields oer acrP and efficient use of labor and cash in growing, harvestinTand mi-ket growers""'' " ^"^ g^<^ ^y reporting actual practicesT^SSsSl" MEMBERSHIP AND AWARDS .,r^i^ ton^ato growers in Pennsylvania producing one or more acres whose receipts for tomatoes sold from these acres to the Snne?^ or m the open market, show a production of 10 or more tons neT^cre Recording production practices is encouraged by awarding cert.i S ?A Tf«'*".'' ^' ''-' °' ^-' *° g^°^«^« ^h? presL^Tuch a?ecord" Class A certificates are awarded to growers who delivered an averaVp of over 60 per cent U. S. grade number one tomatoes dSnJ thlse! son, and class B certificates to growers who sold on an ungraded bS or whose average grade for the season was less than 60 p£ cent US number one tomatoes. Record forms, as printed in tWs report mav be obtained from the County Agricultural ExtensSn Agent S should be retarned to him by November first. FielZen also kssS m assembling these records. "i"eii, aiso, assist «nH^fl"^^ T^'"'^^ ^""^ presented to the highest three, in yield 2 to 7 '^^l^'ZV, ZZt^^r '"' ^"^'*^' ''''-' ' *° ' '"^^ *^-' ^ - tee^nVSgTsUo^a?: ^^^^S^ ^^ '^ -^-^ ^^ the commit- ORGANIZATION The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association sponsors th^ project, issues certificates of merit, presents awards for Se best quality and the largest yields per ac?e, publishes this report and Sf/arnSb^g. '''-''' "^^^*^"^^' ^-^^-^-^^ t^' Annual n T,*** A9"^^*"'al Extension Service of The Pennsylvania State Col ege. through County Agricultural Extension AsSons dem onstrates better production and harvesting practices ass sts in o^' taimng and summarizing records of practices folWd by growet" and presents educational information. ^ growers, Canners assist by supplying lists of their ten-ton tomato growers purchasing reports for distribution and contributing cash to cZer awards and other expenses. Fieldmen assist in obtafning records S production practices, acreage, yield and grade percentages t'K m I'f il< i I! •* I I Annual Financial Statement for 1944 The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association December 15, 1943 — December 15, 1944 Receipts Memberships $1,594.00 Advertisements 1,866.04 Ten-Ton Reports 784.96 Contributions 165.25 Total $4,410.25 Expenditures Annual Meeting $ 113.52 Ten-Ton 1,511.98 News 2,359.46 Miscellaneous 611.45 « Total $4,596.41 Excess of expenditures over receipts $186.16 Opening balances: Bank $ 890.04 : Cash 9.07 899.11 Balances 12/15/44 Bank $ 705.62 Cash 7.33 $712.95 (Signed) W. B. NISSLEY Chairman, Auditing Committee STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT. CIRCULATION. ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACTS OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912, AND MARCH 3, 1933 Of Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News published Quarterly at State College, Pa., for October 3, 1944. State of Pennsylvania \ County of Centre ) ^^• Before me, a Notary in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared Jesse M. Huffington, who, having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Editor of the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News and that the following is to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management, etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24. 191.?, as amended by the Act of March 3. 1933, embodied in section 537. Postal Laws and Regulations, to wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business manager are: Publisher— The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association, State College Pa.; Editor— Jesse M. Huffington, State College, Pa.; Managing Editor— Jesse M. Huffington. State College. Pa.; Business Manager— Jesse M. Huffington. State College, Pa. 2. That the owner is : The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association, State College, Pa.; Louis Orient, Bridgeville, Pa., President; N. H. Hostetter, Sinking Spring, Pa.. Vice- President; Jesse M. Huffington, State College, Pa.. Secretary. 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or hold- ing 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None. 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any. contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. JESSE M. HUFFINGTON Affirmed to and subscribed before me this 3rd day of October, 1944. Mrs. Elinor Eckert State College, Pa. (SEAL) My commission expires June 5, 1947. *V^ The 1945 Outlook for Canning Factory Tomatoes and Canning Factory Peas Kenneth Hood and R. B. Donaldson* 12 months. Military needs may beTomeXt less'^^Si mfiffr European phase of the war should be ovrby harvest timf T f Lease purchases will be at least three fourths asTe^/T.^"^" qugt.^ns of last year. Liberated areas ^l^ed 7,!^!^^^:.:^; Government support prices for canning vegetables in 1945 will accordmg to present plans, be limited to the fonlracted acrea J of per onTeaf auSr'"%^* ^'^^^'"^ ^^^^^ corTitlo^'S e SuppoS prKes for oth^f ''^" " ^""^ '"^^ ^^^"^ ^^ ^^^ ^^'^ P^^" ton. not^Lenfrranged fort 19^^^^^^ "°^^ ^"' "^^'^^ ^^^^^^''^^ have io5 rfsn''™"'"? "'"^ °* 2'««2,000 tons is obtainelln 1944 there were ^c-duct-r 194^4 tir/oS ttZbtS di--;>e ro-e-ars acreage goal, however, will be 37 per cent above average SJl^ hnr^nV''*'"!' ''°^*^ "^"^ continue high during the coming year La are suppSed to V;: mtf' ''^' ^ ^^'^ ^^'^'"-^ anS'eq'uJment" are Kn.. tI° l"^ "^Z^^ plentiful but production schedules are laggmg. There is about the same supply of fertilizer with W nitrogen, more potash and about the sam'L^';>lume of pLphat T>,J^K ^"^^J^ °u ^^^^^ ^""^ '"^t^l containers is apparently sufficient ^^^^iSr:^:^''- -' --' — - and^c^nTd^ igfsTouldT,?.^^ *^'*°'^ ^T^^°^' ^"^ P«^^ that are contracted in vS o k! * '." reasonably favorable returns to growers of good revail '''"'^ "'"' '^"^"^ P^°^"^«°" ^"d good management • Agricultural Economics Extension, The Pennsylvania State College. . !* h' » : V Largest Yields of Tomatoes Produced in 1944 Two to Seven Acres Name Address Class Cert. Acres Grown Tons per A, U. S. Grade % Vs 2*s Culls First — York County Miller, H. W., York, R. 3 Second — Lancaster County Armstrong, Clifton, Quarryville, R. 2 Third — Lancaster County Brown, Arthur & Wilfred, Nottingham Fourth — Chester County Buck waiter, P. L., Atglen Fifth — Lancaster County Lyon, Arvil, & Brown, Nottingham, R. 2 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 4 2 3 4.5 2 19.82 18.9 18.01 17.7 17.4 . Seven or More Acres First — Cumberland County Rice, Harold C, Gardners, R. 2 Second — Lancaster County DeLong, Walter, Quarryville Third — Lancaster County Esbenshade, Aaron M., New Holland, R. 2 Fourth — Bucks County Kitten, Harry B., Ivyland Fifth — Bucks County Shoemaker, E. H., Bristol A-1 9.5 13.51 65 34 B-1 16 13.30 A-1 10 13.13 75 24 A-1 7 12.73 79 20 A-1 7 12.57 73 26 1 First — ^Allegheny County Orient, Louis, Bridgeville Market Garden Class B-1 6 13.6 Highest Quality Tomatoes Harvested in 1944 Two to Seven Acres Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls First — Snyder County Herman, Albert S., Selinsgrove, R. 1 A-1 Second — Northumberland County Schmidt, Dietrick, Muncy, R. 3 A-1 Third — Montour County Labach, Warren W., Danville, R. 2 A-1 Fourth — Columbia County Bolinski, Joseph, Bloomsburg, R. 3 A-1 Fiph — Northumberland County Mangle, C. E., Sunbury, R. 1 A-1 8 2 2 2 3 2.25 12.45 11.66 12.76 11.9 10.5 96 95 90 90 90 5 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 i Seven or More Acres Name Address First— Bucks County Doan, Duane & Marcus Doan Yardley * Second — Snyder County Bolig, E. R., Selinsgrove Third— Bucks County Gancarz, John & J. S., Morrisville Fourth— Bucks County Fink, Mathias, Newtown Fifth — Lancaster County Frey, Armor P., Conestoga, R. 2 Class Acres Tons U.S. Grade % ^g^' Grown per A. Vs 2's Culls ' ' " ' * A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 10 10 30 8 20 10.73 91 9 0 10.85 84 16 0 10.75 83 17 0 12.82 80 20 0 11.82 80 20 0 Pennsylvania Ten-Ton Tomato Growers— 1944 Name Address Class Cert. ADAMS COUNTY— 42 Beamer, Francis, Aspers Black, John Wm., Aspers Blue Ribbon Orchard, Biglerville Bream, Ernest, Gardners, R. 1 Bream, Raymond, Gardners, R. 1 Brough, George, Gardners Cashman, Elmer & Horner York Springs, R. 1 Davis, Harold, Aspers Dunlap, Harry, Biglerville Funt, Harry A., Biglerville G. M. W. Orchard, Gardners Griest, Fred, Flora Dale Guise, John W., Gardners Harbold, Ervin, York Springs, R. 1 Harbold Wm. H., York Springs, R. 1 Hutton & Motter, Bendersville Inskip, Granville L., Hampton Johnson Lewis, York Springs, R. 1 Keefer, Lloyd, York Springs Kmg, Charles W., York Springs J^^^*^' Parker & Son, Gardners Leer, William, York Springs Lerew, Parker, York Springs Lobaugh, Adam & Guy, Gardners Lobaugh, John, Gardners, R. 1 Lobaugh, Raymond, Gardners Marks, Gilbert, Gardners Pitzer, Paul G., Biglerville Reservoir Orchard, Gardners, R. 2 Rupp, Lloyd J., York Springs Schnver & Showers, Bendersville Shank, D. W., York Springs Showers, Edward, Aspers Showers, Ray, Biglerville, R. D. Smith, Wm., Aspers Acres Tons U. S. Grade % Grown per A. Vs 2's Culls A A A A-1 B-1 A A-1 A A-1 A B B A A-1 A-1 A A-1 A-1 A-l A-1 B-1 A A A-1 A A-1 A A-1 A A A-1 A-1 A A A-1 9 2 1 6 3.23 1 2 1.88 2 6.06 2 3 2.6 1.74 2.65 2.82 5 1.82 5.44 1.78 2.89 2 2 4.92 3.37 2.37 1.6 2 2.02 10. 3.7 4.18 2.25 2 4 2.15 10.06 86 13 10.00 72 26 10.54 63 35 10.28 61 38 13.05 50 48 11.22 79 20 10.58 73 27 14.86 86 13 11.49 71 29 13.11 70 30 11.63 49 49 10.02 58 42 14.51 65 34 10.50 72 28 13.60 74 26 13.07 84 14 10.01 74 26 11.83 78 22 13.42 81 17 13.07 78 20 12.3 55 43 10.22 77 25 14.08 86 13 11.47 70 29 13.16 81 19 11.19 79 20 10.46 74 26 13.4 68 32 10.47 71 29 10.95 71 28 10.68 70 29 13.15 81 18 10.00 79 21 12.99 86 14 13.72 67 33 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 n III . Name Address Class Cert. Acres Tons Grown per A. Sowers, H. W., York Springs A Spangler, Harry, York Springs A-1 Taylor, Mrs. Annie, Biglerville A-1 Taylor, Gerald, Biglerville A-1 Tuckey, Burton & Jesse, Biglerville A-1 Tuckey, E^ory, Biglerville A-1 Wagner, Bruce, York Springs A ALLEGHENY COUNTY— 3 Orient, Louis, Bridgeville, R. 2 B-1 Pagliai, Dominic, McDonald, R. 2 B-1 Skokut, Frank, Monongahela, R. 1 B-1 BEDFORD COUNTY— 3 Beach, Harry B., xloaring Springs, R. 1 A-1 Detwiler, C. H., Woodbury A-1 Sell, J. Clyde, Martinsburg, R. 1 A-1 BERKS COUNTY— 2 Beiler, Isaac K., Elverson, R. 2 A-1 Stauffer, Wm. B., Douglasville, R. 2 A-1 BLAIR COUNTY— 2 Claar, William, Roaring Springs, R. 1 A-1 Heltzel, Humphrey, Martinsburg, R. 2 A-1 BUCKS COUNTY— 22 Brooks, George E., Yardley Campbell, Walter L., Bristol Cornell, Leigh P., Feasterville Doan, Duane & Marcus Doan, Yardley Fink, Mathias, Newtown Gancarz, John & J. S. Gancarz, Morrisville Guzikowski, Marjan, Yardley Heppe, Raymond, Davisville Ivins, Hector C, Morrisville Jackson, Andrew, Yardley Jackson, John G. & Andrew J., Yardley Kirk, Amos K., Newtown Kirk, Leslie F., Newtown Kitten, Harry B., Ivyland Lojeski, Julius, Bristol R. 2 Lovett, H. L., Bristol Luff, Clyde M. & Linford G., Newtown Potter, Laurence, Bristol Shoemaker, E. H., Bristol Vargo, Jr., Stephen, Newtown White, William & William B., Cornwell Heights Wink, Willis W., Bristol, R. 1 CARBON COUNTY— 1 Steigerwalt, Jr., Ralph R., Lehighton A-1 B A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-l A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 B-1 A-1 1.53 2.05 1.58 3.99 10.59 3.84 2 6 5 5 4.0 3.75 3.0 10 4 3.75 3.5 12 2.8 7 10 8 30 25.5 14 10 13 12 13 7 21 5.6 6.5 9.1 7 9 9 13.5 4.5 14.3 11.78 14.09 16.29 10.12 10.52 10.05 13.6 14.73 12.83 10.0 10.0 10.25 10.0 10.2 11.36 14.5 10.96 10.73 12.82 10.75 11.30 10.23 11.11 11.01 10.21 10.08 10.53 12.73 10.63 11.45 11.81 10.23 12.57 10.66 11.39 11.53 13.5 U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls 80 82 65 70 66 86 61 78 79 83 10.26 76 11.78 77 81 84 91 80 83 67 16 76 86 78 69 64 79 69 83 78 73 73 79 74 48 19 1 J. 17 1 35 0 30 0 34 0 14 0 38 1 21 20 17 23 22 18 16 73 26 68 31 9 20 17 32 23 23 14 22 29 34 20 29 17 21 27 26 21 25 49 64 36 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 0 I Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. CHESTER COUNTY— 22 Bartlett, L. & Comer C, Osford, R. 2 Bentley, Norman N., Lincoln University Brown, E. H., Honey Brooks, R. 1 Buchanan, Marshall A., Oxford, R. 3 Buckwalter, P. L., Atglen Candell, Leff, Cochranville, R. 2 Coates, G. H., Oxford, R. 2 Coates, John T., Cochranville, R. 2 Goodwin, E. H., West Grove, R. 1 Hansen, L. O. & Leon, Lincoln University Johnson, Charles, Oxford, R. 1 Kimble, John W., Nottingham, Box 12 Lemons, Wiley, Oxford, R. 1 Mackey, Raymond S., West Grove, R. 1 McClellan, Latta E., Cochranville, R. 2 Reisler, Malcolm P., Oxford, R. 3 Schapansky, H. D., Cochranville, R. 1 Sloan, Thomas C, Oxford, R. 3 Stoltzfus, Amos E. & Stephen B., Elverson R. 2 Stoltzfus, Emanuel, Elverson Yamell, Joseph M., Cochranville, R. 2 Yerkes, Harry H., Oxford, R. 3 COLUMBIA COUNTY— 18 Bolinsky, Joseph, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Bredbenner, Samuel, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Breisch, Berha, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Cherrington, Archie, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Davis, John D., Zions Grove Correll, John, Bloomsburg, R. 4 Eroh, Roy, Nescopeck, R. 1 Howell, Raymond, Bloomsburg, R. 4 John, Harry, G., Bloomsburg Miller, Robert L., Catawissa, R. 3 Pfahler, Frank J., Catawissa Rarig, John W., Elysburg, R. 1 Ryman, Ross, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Ryman, Walter S., Nescopeck, R. 1 Schultz Jos. R., Bloomsburg, R. 1 Whitenight, L. Lee, Bloomsburg, R. 1 Whitenight, Myron, Bloomsburg, R. 4 Ziesloft, J. M., Jerseytown CUMBERLAND COUNTY— 7 Berkheimer, Jacob, Mechanicsburg, R. 2 Hock, Eber J., Shippensburg, R. 1 Karper, Ezra, Shippensburg, R. 1 B-1 A-1 U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls 7.5 11.9 B-1 4 12.01 A-1 3 11.10 B 5 10.32 B-1 4.5 17.57 B 5 12.71 B-1 5 11.05 B 2 10.19 B 3 15.66 B 10 10.41 B 1 12.12 B 7 10.28 B 3 11.43 B 3 11.53 B 3 11.78 B-1 2 11.15 B 3 16.37 B 3 10.59 A-1 3 10.67 B 4.5 11.90 B-1 4 10.04 B 3 12.09 75 24 78 21 3.0 11.9 90 10 0 A 1.5 12.44 72 26 2 A 5.0 14.7 80 20 0 R 1.0 15.6 87 13 0 A-1 3.0 12.1 85 15 0 A 5 12.2 79 20 1 A 1 13.6 88 12 0 A 10 12.1 76 23 1 A-1 2.0 11.1 85 15 0 A 2 12.6 78 21 1 A-1 2.0 13.55 85 15 0 A 2.5 14.3 85 15 0 A 4.0 11.8 77 23 0 B 1 11.0 58 41 1 A 3.5 10.8 76 24 0 A 5 10.8 86 13 1 A 6 11.6 86 13 1 A 4.0 11.3 82 18 0 A-1 8.0 10.3 74 24 2 A-1 3.0 10.6 71 27 2 A-1 3.0 10.17 64 34 2 •■•I I A ^j ,' 10 11 I .'«• Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. Mains, Norman, Newville, R. 1 A-1 McLaughlin, Kenneth, Shippensburg, R. 2 A-1 Rice, Harold C, Gardners, R. 2 A-1 Shettel, Randall, Mechanicsburg, R. 3 A-1 ERIE COUNTY— 14 Ahrens, Fred, North East B Bemiss, Smith L., North East B Crabb & Son, Mrs. Wm. H., Erie B Grimshaw, H. & Sons, Girard, R. 1 A-1 Knepp, A. S., North East B Moorhead, J. M., North East B Near, K. L., North East B Nelson, Nels A., Harbor Creek A-1 Olson Estate, August, Harbor Creek B Phanco, Lee B., North East B Ripley, W. N., Harbor Creek B Rose, William Donald, Fairview, R. 1 A-1 Shattuck, J. H., Erie R. 5 A-1 Swanson, Lewis, Harbor Cre«k B FAYETTE COUNTY— 3 Brown, Paul, Vanderbilt, R. 1 B-1 Lynn & Son, J. Espy, Vanderbilt, R. 1 B-1 Rittenhouse, O. W., Smock B-1 FRANKLIN COUNTY— 11 Andrews, Chas., Chambersburg, R. 2 A-1 Benedict, Glenn, Chembersburg, R. 1 A Benedict, Jesse, Chambersburg, R. 1 A Cook, A. C, Chambersburg, R. 1 A Dayton, Garnet, Chambersburg, R. 1 A-1 Dehart, Wm., Mt. Alto B Eby, Ira L., Fayetteville, R. 1 A Kann, Edwin, Shippensburg, R. 3 B-1 Lehman, Guy, Fayetteville, R. 1 A-1 Musser, Harvey, Chambersburg, R. 1 A-1 Wingert, Solomon, Fayetteville, R. 1 B INDIANA COUNTY— 2 Hicks, Ralph, Punxsutawney, R. 1 B-1 Stonebraker, Kenneth M., Indiana, R. 1 B-1 JUNIATA COUNTY— 5 Auker, S. Merrill, Thompsontown Musser & Stuck, Oakland Mills Sausman, John, Bunkertown Sieber, Jos. W., McAlisterville, R. 2 Van Horn, C. N. McAlisterville LACKAWANNA COUNTY— 2 Hopkins, Harry W., Clarks Summit Wiggans, A. W., State Hospital, Clarks Summit, R. 2 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 B-1 B-1 3.0 3.0 9.5 3 2 1 3 14 1 3 1 2 3.5 2 4 2 5 1 4.5 4.35 2.7 3.0 3.0 5.0 3.7 1.0 3.0 2.2 7 6.0 2.75 ' 2 1 2 5 1 2 4.3 6 10.3 10.57 13.51 13.0 10.00 16.9 10.5 12.5 10.3 12.33 10.9 11.0 10.68 11.8 10.05 11.2 11.58 15.8 2.35 10.53 12.37 11.72 10.1 11.07 11.09 10.17 10.14 11.14 10.0 10.0 11.3 10.0 11.2 13.0 15.16 12.66 10.52 11.6 18 10.11 10.4 10.47 U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls 68 31 68 65 75 90 72 69 73 75 71 57 76 60 66 72 54 70 77 71 68 77 32 0 34 1 23 2 72 27 8 77 17 76 24 28 31 26 24 28 42 24 39 33 28 44 28 22 27 29 22 6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 3 1 X ( ti 12 Name Address LANCASTER COUNTY— 232 Armstrong, Clifton, Quarryville, R. Bard, Ephraim G., Columbia, R. 1 Bare, Earl S., Leacock Baum, D. S., Elizabethtown, R. 3 Becker, Walter T., Mt. Joy, R. 2 Beiler, Elias R., Gordonville, R. 1 Beiler, John M., Ronks Beiler, Moses M., Bird-in-Hand, R. 1 Bender, Maurice R., Lancaster, R. 2 Bernhard, Howard, Florin Bleacher, Norman, Conestoga, R. 2 Boll, David O., Manheim, R. 2 Bollinger, Edward K., Lititz, R. 1 Bomberger, A. Z., Lititz, R. 2 Breneman, John A., Willow St., R. 1 Brenneman, J. Roy, Mt. Joy, R. 2 Breneman, Mark, Manheim, R. 2 Brown, Arthur & Wilfried, Nottingham Brown, Veryl, Peach Bottom Brukaber, Henry, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Brubaker, Isaac, Lititz, R. 2 Brubaker, Jacob, Manheim, R. 1 Brubaker, J. N., Lancaster, R. 2 Brubaker, John G., Lancaster, R. 1 Brubaker, John H., Manheim, R. 1 Brubaker, Levi, Manheim, R. 2 Brubaker, Paris, Mt. Joy, R. 2 Brubaker, Roy G., Manheim, R 2 Bruckhart, John F., Manheim, R. 1 Buchen, Benj., Manheim, R. 1 Bucher, Raymond N., Lititz, R. 1 Burkholder, Aaron Z., Ephrata, R. 3 Burkholder, Eli O., Ephrata, R. 2 Burkholder, John D., Lititz, R. 3 Burkms, Andrew, Drumore, R. 1 Bushong, H. Ray, Lititz, R. 1 Charles, Amos B., Lancaster, R. 2 Charles, Ivan N., Lancaster, R. 2 Clymer, John M., Quarryville, R. 1 Dagen, Charles L., West Willow Delp, Robert H., Lititz, R. 1 DeLong, Walter, Quarryville Deitz, Samuel, New Providence, R. 1 Diffenderfer, Warren W., Lancaster, R. 1 Drager, Walter, Columbia, R. 1 Eberly, Harvey O., Lititz, R. 1 Eberly, Fark, Mt. Joy Ebersole, Clarence, Bainbridge Ebersole, Levi, Elizabethtown, R. 1 Eichelberger, Jacob, Manheim, R. 1 Enders, J. Harry, Lancaster, R. 1 Erb, Roy B., Lancaster, R. 3 Esbenshade, Aaron M., New Holland, R. 2 Class Cert, 2 B-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A A-1 A-1 A A A A A-1 B A-1 A-l A A B-1 B-1 A A-l B-1 A A-1 A-1 A A-1 A-1 B-1 A-1 A-1 B B A-1 B A-1 A-1 A B-1 A-1 A-1 B-1 B A-1 A A-1 A A A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 Acres Tons U. S. Grade % Grown per A. Vs 2's Culls 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2.5 2.75 3 2.5 3 3 3 2 5 7.5 5.75 1.5 . 3 2.67 2 2 3.5 2 4 3 2 2 4.5 6 2 4 2 5 2.5 2.1 8 2 3 5 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 10 18.9 12.02 72 13.02 64 12.5 72 10.0 80 14.32 73 12.39 62 10.59 77 11.9 77 10.4 78 10.25 75 12.21 65 10.78 52 12.34 66 12.10 75 10.7 71 10.0 76 18.01 11.7 12.9 71 10.86 71 10.18 57 12.9 83 10.70 78 10.71 70 10.3 74 13.3 80 12.42 77 10.91 59 10.42 69 10.76 71 11.08 12.42 10.06 71 11.58 13.21 63 12.21 78 12.63 68 10.6 72 13.04 73 11.71 67 13.84 10.01 10.02 11.24 15.25 12.2 10.0 13.5 10.59 10.26 10.97 68 69 72 68 66 72 63 73 62 28 35 26 19 26 37 22 23 21 24 32 47 33 25 27 22 27 28 40 17 22 29 25 20 22 40 31 27 29 37 22 31 27 26 32 31 30 28 29 32 28 36 27 37 13.13 75 24 0 ' 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 2 0 1 0 1 !*i,J '1 h 13 I m I 4 il ;i Name Address Eshelman, A. N., Mt. Joy, R. 2 Fisher, Jacob K., Lititz, R. 1 Fisher, John S., Lancaster Fisher, Stephen U., Strasburg, R. 1 Flick, Roy G., Rohrerstown Forry, Benj., Manheim, R. 2 Forry, Irvin, Manheim, R. 2 Frank, H. B., Quarryville Frank, Irvin, Elizabethtown, R. 1 Frey, Armor P., Conestoga, R. 2 Frey, Fred F., Conestoga, R. 2 Frey, Harold, EUzabethtown, R. 3 Funk, Mrs. M. M., Washington Boro., R. 1 Gable, C. H., Farm 3, Mountville Gable, C. H., Farm 5, Mountville Garber, Robert H., Mt Joy, R. 2 Garber, Monroe, Elizabethtown, R. 1 Garber, Snavely, Willow St., R. 1 Gehman, Allan, Ronks, R. 1 Gehman, Isaac H., Ephrata, R. 1 Geib, Elmer S., Manheim, R. 3 Ginder, Joseph H., Manheim, R. 1 Gibble, Graybill G., Manheim, R. 1 Gingrich, Wm. H., Elizabethtown, R. 3 Gish, Martin, Elizabethtown, R. 1 Glick, Samuel Roy, Narvon, R. 1 Good, Elmer V., Lititz, R. 1 Graybill, Hiram M., Lititz, R. 2 Groff, Landis S., Strasburg, R. 1 Grube, Rufus, Rothsville Habecker, Chas. S., Lancaster, R. 2 Hackman, Willis H., 503 S. Broad St., Lititz, Harrison, Howard C, Kirkwood, R. 1 Harnish, Clarence H., Lancaster, R. 4 Harnish, J. Clarence, Lampeter, Box 128 Harnish, John H., Lancaster, R. 4 Heagy, Paul, Manheim, R. 3 Heisey, Laban W., Lancaster, R. 1 Heisey, Leroy, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Heistand, C. J. Jr., Bainbridge Heller, Ira D., Mt. Joy, R. 2 Herr, Frank S., Washington Boro, R. 1 Herr, Musser S., 246 Miller St., Strasburg Herr, Glenn C, Lancaster, R. 4 Hershey, A. Frank, Lititz, R. 1 Hershey, D. P., Lititz, R. 1 Hershey, Graybill, Manheim, R. 1 Hess, Henry R., Willow Street, R. 1 Hess, Joseph H., New Providence High, Levi, New Holland, R. 2 Hoffer, Edna, Manheim, R. 1 Hoffman, Roy, Mt. Joy Class Acres Tons U. S. Grade % Cert. Grown per A. Vs 2's Culls A-1 1.25 12.0 11 23 0 A-1 3.25 12.69 73 25 2 B-1 2.5 10.88 56 42 2 A-1 3 15.52 64 35 1 B-1 2.25 10.79 58 41 1 A 4.0 10.3 80 20 0 A 2.0 11.2 70 29 1 B 2 10.69 A-1 3.0 13.6 75 22 3 A-1 20.0 11.82 80 20 0 A 1.0 11.81 71 28 1 A 2.0 11.46 61 37 2 A-1 10.0 11.95 70 28 2 A 2.0 11.2 84 16 0 A 3.0 12.2 87 13 0 A 2 13.11 72 27 1 A 3.0 11.6 82 17 1 B-1 7 10.2 A-1 4 10.34 69 30 1 A-1 4 10.60 73 27 0 A-1 3 13.59 78 21 1 B-1 2 12.42 52 45 3 A-1 3 13.55 70 30 0 A-1 1.0 14.5 80 20 0 A-1 4.0 10.0 64 35 1 A-1 6 11.88 65 34 1 A-1 3.25 10.70 66 33 1 A-1 2 12.66 70 30 0 A-1 4 12.78 78 22 0 A-1 2 11.29 68 31 1 A-1 2.0 10.0 70 29 1 A-1 2 13.28 64 34 2 A-1 3 10.37 64 36 0 A-1 6 11.62 68 32 0 A-1 1 11.43 80 20 0 A-1 3 10.4 83 17 0 A-1 5 10.40 83 17 0 A-1 5 10.79 78 22 0 A-1 3.5 11.7 74 26 0 B 5.0 11.2 59 39 2 A 2.0 10.4 74 26 0 A-1 11.0 10.24 77 23 0 A-1 4 12.79 60 39 1 A-1 3.5 10.03 77 23 0 A 8 10.69 63 35 2 B-1 9 13.40 56 41 3 B-1 9 12.64 59 40 1 A-1 6 13.82 73 26 1 B-1 2 13.5 A-1 5 10.00 68 31 1 A-1 4 12.37 66 34 0 A 3 15.6 72 27 1 14 I Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. Holbein, Walter B., Lancaster, R. 1 Hostetter, Harvey M. & Harold M., Lancaster, R. 2 Hoover, Ammon, Lititz, R. 3 Hoover, Harry O., Bareville, R. 1 Huber, Ammon, Peach Bottom Huber, Ross N., Lancaster, R. 4 Hynicker, Irvin, Manheim, R. 2 Hunt, Isaac T., Millersville, R. 1 Irvin, Paul, Manheim, R. 3 Kauffman, Sr., John A., Columbia, R. 1 Kauffman, John G., Columbia, R. 2 Keener, Henry, Sheridan, R. 1 Keener, Allen G., Sheridan, R. 1 Keener, Roy, R. 3.,- Elizabethtown Keller, A. Rohrer, Lititz, R. 2 Keller, A. Rohrer, Lititz, R. 2 Kendig, Clinton B., Washington Boro., R. 1 Kline, Howard F., Lititz, R. 2 Kline, E. Samuel, Lititz, R. 1 Kreider, A. Roy, Drumore, R. 1 Kreider, Clayton E., Quarryville, R. 1 Kreiner, Herman G., Elizabethtown Landis, Ira D., Lititz, R. 3 Landis, Phares B., Lancaster, R. 5 Lapp, John S., Ronks, R. 1 Lapp, Moses, Gap, R. 1 Lapp, Jr., Samuel, Gap, R. 1 Leaman, Daniel, Leacock Lenox, Daniel L., Washington Boro, R. 1 Liehty, William M. & Walter B. Gantz Columbia, R. 2 Longenecker, Howard, Elizabethtown, R. 1 Longenecker, J. S., Elizabethtown, R. 1 Longenecker, P. B., Elizabethtown, R. 1 Lutz, Henry E., Mt. Joy, R. 1 Lyon, Arvil, & Brown, Nottingham, R. 2 McCowin, Willie, Marietta McNiss & Stewart, Kirkwood Mann, Ira C, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Martin, Aaron A., Lititz, R. 3 Martin, Aaron N., Lititz, R. 1 Martin, Carpenter W., Bird-in-Hand, R. 1 Martin, Eli W., New Holland, R. 1 Martin, Jacob N., Lancaster, R. 2 Martin, Ralph S., Lancaster, R. 3 Martin, Samuel H., Lititz, R. 1 Mastle, Martin, Sheridan, R. 1 Melhorn, John, Mt. Joy Metzler, Clyde Z., Lititz, R. 1 A-1 15 17. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls 1.5 11.14 78 22 0 A-1 8 11.13 80 20 0 A-1 3 10.44 61 36 3 A-1 2.5 11.36 73 26 1 B-1 3.25 12.19 A-1 3 12.85 84 16 0 A 1.5 14.0 79 20 1 A-1 2 12.86 68 31 1 A-1 2 10.05 71 28 1 A-1 2 10.20 71 29 0 A 2.5 12.11 67 33 0 A-1 1.5 12.97 70 29 1 B-1 2 10.45 53 46 1 A-1 3.17 12.14 79 21 0 A-1 8 10.16 70 30 0 A-1 8 10.16 70 30 0 A 2 10.01 75 24 1 A-1 2 15.50 71 28 1 A-1 7.33 10.11 70 29 1 A-1 3.5 10.9 81 18 1 B-1 5 12.40 A-1 1.5 10.08 74 26 0 A-l 4.5 12.03 65 34 1 A-1 3 11.26 71 28 1 A-1 3 10.59 71 28 1 B-1 3 10.78 B 2 10.14 B 2 17.35 A-1 4 10.11 70 30 0 A-1 4 12.29 76 24 0 A 2 10.2 76 23 1 A 3 10.5 75 25 0 A 4 10.2 77 23 0 A 2 10.34 80 20 0 B-1 2 17.4 B-1 3 10.88 54 44 2 A-1 2 10.15 80 19 1 A 2 10.6 67 30 3 B-1 2.5 10.53 58 41 1 A-1 2 11.10 70 29 1 A-1 4 11.66 70 30 0 A-1 3 10.32 74 26 0 A 1 16.8 69 30 1 A-1 3 11.09 73 26 1 A-1 4.5 10.58 66 32 2 A-1 1 13.40 76 24 0 A 3 12.95 71 29 0 A-1 4 10.90 76 24 0 f I Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls Miller, Andrew N., Manheim, R. 2 Miller, Edwin, Quarryville Miller, Graybill, Manheim, R. 1 Miller, Mervin, Bainbridge, R. 1 Miller, Paul, Bainbridge, R. 1 Musser, Elias, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Musser, A. K., Columbia, R. 2 Musser, Harry, Mt. Joy, R. 2 Myers, Enos, Quarryville Mylin, Clyde K., Willow Street, R. 1 Newcomer, Paul, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Nissley. J. B., Mt. Joy, R. 1 Nolt, Eli O., New Holland, R. 1 Nolt, Paul, Quarryville Pollock, Wilbur, Holtwood, R. 2 Risser, Jacob W., Lititz, R. 1 Rohrer, Jacob N., Lancaster, R. 4 Rohrer, B. Frank, Columbia, R. 2 Rohrer, Wilmer O., Lancaster, R. 5 Roland. Elmer (Est.), Elizabethtown, R. 1 Royer, Enos R., Lancaster, R. 3 Sangrey, J. Clayton, Lititz, R. 2 Sauder, Amos H., Ephrata, R. 2 Sauders, Willis W., Columbia, R. 2 Seitz, Howard B., Rohrerstown Sensenig, Geo., Millersville, R. 1 Sensenig, Ira M., Lititz, R. 3 Shank, Walter L., Lancaster, R. 6 Sheaffer, A. R., Lancaster, R. 2 Sheetz, John D., Peach Bottom, R. 2 Shenk, Clayton R., Washington Boro, R. 1 Shertzer, Robert L., Lancaster, R. 4 Shirk, Amos M., Columbia, R. 2 Shirk. Herman, Quarryville, R. 1 Siegrist, J. Henry, Manheim, R. 1 Siegrist, Norman H., Columbia, R. 1 Sigman, J. Daniel M., Mt. Joy, R. 1 Sloan, Thomas C, Oxford, R. 3 Smucker, Benuel, Lancaster, R. 5 Snader, Jacob Z., East Earl, R. 1 Snavely, Harry H.. (Snavely Garber), Willow Street, R. 1 Snyder, John B., Columbia, R. 1 Snyder, Melvin H., Lititz, R. 2 Stager, Henry, New Providence, R. 1 Stoltzfus, Amos E., Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, Ben. F., Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, David G., Lancaster, R. 3 Stoltzfus, D. M., Talmage Stoltzfus, Emanuel, Elverson Stoltzfus, Fred K., Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, Israel, Kirkwood, R. 1 Stoltzfus, Job, Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, John E., Narvon, R. 1 Stoltzfus, Levi E., Narvon, R. 1 Stoltzfus, Moses P., Elverson, R. 2 A-1 2 11.92 75 24 1 B 2 10.48 A 4.5 10.59 76 23 1 A-1 3 12.8 73 27 0 A-1 5 11.0 74 26 0 A-1 4.25 10.44 66 32 2 A-1 3 12.5 81 19 0 A-1 4.5 10.0 72 28 0 B 2 12.69 A-1 9 12.55 75 25 0 A-1 3 11.3 79 20 1 A-1 3 . 11.3 67 32 1 B-1 3 11.25 B 4 11.80 B 3 15.71 A-1 3 11.95 74 26 0 A 5 13.56 67 32 1 A 2.5 10.0 75 25 0 A-1 2.5 12.33 80 20 0 A 5 11.2 77 23 0 A-1 3.25 10.59 71 28 1 A-1 3 14.97 69 29 2 A-1 4 12.37 72 28 0 A 5 10.51 78 22 0 B-1 2.25 10.80 55 43 2 A 2 10.4 78 22 0 A 3 10.16 60 39 1 A-1 5 10.02 65 33 2 A-1 3 10.93 69 30 1 B-1 2 12.8 . A 2 12.85 74 26 0 A-1 1.75 12.10 81 19 0 A 3 10.38 62 37 1 B-1 3 11.00 A-1 3.5 11.27 62 37 1 A-1 4 11.51 70 29 1 A-1 7 10.8 78 20 2 B 3 10.59 A-1 3 11.96 72 28 0 B-1 2.1 11.40 A-1 7 10.2 71 28 0 A-1 2 13.7 79 21 0 A-1 3 11.07 63 37 0 B 5 12.11 A-1 3 10.13 67 32 1 A-1 3.5 15.51 79 20 1 A-1 3 10.25 72 27 1 A-1 5 10.56 63 36 1 B-1 5 12.0 A-1 18 10.03 70 29 1 B-1 6 10.49 52 47 1 A-1 5 13.75 76 24 0 A 3 11.6 67 32 1 A-1 4 12.96 70 28 2 A-1 8 11.08 74 25 1 16 t Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. Stoltzfus, Paul S., Leola Stoltzfus, Samuel F., Morgantown Stoltzfus, Stephen E., Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, Urie, Elverson, R. 2 Stoltzfus, Wm. Bareville, R. 1 Stoner, R. Henry, (no address) Thuma, B. E., Marietta, R. 1 Trimble & Bro., John S., Peach Bottom, R. 2 Wagner, John, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Walk, Earl, Conestoga, R. 2 Warfel, Arlene & Geniveve, Drumore, R. 1 Warfel, B. S., Drumore, R. 1 Weaver, Harmon, Peach Bottom, R. 2 Weaver, Harry H., Ephrata, R. 2 Weaver, Paul, Quarryville Weaver, Roy, Strasburg, R. 1 Weaver, Willas, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Wesley, Hazel, Holtwood, R. 2 Wilson, Earl F., Lancaster, R. 6 Witwer, Walter S., Gordonville, R. 1 Wolf, Abram, Quarryville, R. 1 Wolgemuth, C. M., Mt. Joy, R. 1 Wolgemuth, Jos, Mt. Joy, R. 1 Wolgemuth, L. H., Mt. Joy, R. 1 Zimmerman, Harvey M., Ephrata, R. 3 Zook, Joel, Gap, R. 1 LEBANON COUNTY— 17 Arnold, Moses S., Lebanon, R. 1 Balsbaugh, Paul A., Myerstown, R. 2 Bomberger, Mark, H., Lebanon, R. 1 Bucher, Miles K., Lebanon, R. 1 Burkholder, Clarence M., Myerstown, R. 2 Copenhaver, Klein, Annville, R. 1 Fisher, Frank S., Robesonia, R. 1 Hartman, Philip, Lebanon, R. 1 Heisey, Mark W., Lebanon, R. 5 Hershey, Mark C, Lebanon, R. 5 Houser, Miles H., Lebanon, R. 5 Krall, Warren A., Myerstown, R. 2 Nolt, Phares S., Lebanon, R. 1 Runkel, Claude E., 109 S. 9th St., Lebanon Shaak, Leroy R., Sheridan, R. 1 Snyder, Robert J., Lebanon, R. 1 Weaver, Ivan, G., Lebanon, R. 5 LEHIGH COUNTY— 3 A-1 George, William D., Coplay, R. 1 Swartzentruber, Allen, Mertztown, R. 1 A-1 Wotring, Warren T., Mertztown, R. 1 A-1 17 U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls B 1 13.12 A-1 5 11.56 67 30 3 A-1 6 10.91 66 33 1 A-1 6 14.62 86 13 1 B 2.5 12.21 A-1 2.5 10.64 74 26 0 A-1 3.0 11.6 66 33 1 B-1 2 11.2 A-1 2 10.3 72 27 1 A-1 3 10.04 70 30 0 B-1 2 10.12 • B-1 15 12.00 B-1 3 15.14 B 2 10.96 0 B-1 2 13.5 B 3 10.7 A 3 10.5 64 33 3 B-1 2.7 12.1 A-1 3.5 10.28 67 33 0 A-1 2.5 10.48 77 23 0 B 2.5 11.16 A 2 14.48 77 22 . 1 A-1 6 11.2 71 28 1 A 6.5 12.45 83 17 0 B 3 11.41 B 2 12.96 A-1 3.5 10.34 67 32 1 A-1 4 11.79 74 26 0 A-1 5 10.14 68 31 1 A-1 1 14.40 74 26 0 B-1 3 10.88 55 45 0 A-1 5 10.38 63 37 0 A-1 6 11.08 62 37 1 A-1 4 13.28 75 25 0 A-1 4 12.11 78 22 0 A-1 8 11.30 80 20 0 A-1 3 10.39 74 26 0 A-1 4 10.11 83 16 0 A-1 3 11.30 70 30 0 A-1 2.5 11.52 79 21 0 B-1 1 10.18 57 43 0 A-1 3 14.40 77 23 0 A-1 3 10.09 72 28 0 10.40 60 38 8.5 4 10.30 11.18 75 81 24 18 1 1 Name Address Class Agres Tons Cert, Grown per A. U. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls Name ill II LUZERNE COUNTY— 13 Betterby, Kenneth, Drums Bronson, Alfred, Sweet Valley Fenstermacker, W. A., Nescopeck, R. 1 Hess, Elmer, Nescopeck Hilliard, Archie S., Sugarloaf Kauffman, Carl W., Drums Miller, Claude, Sugarloaf Oaks, George, Drums, R. D. Slusser, Floyd C, Nescopeck, R. 1 Tressler, Frank, Conyngham Tressler, John, Sybertsville Walp, Fred, Drums Zehner, Warren F., Sugar Loaf LYCOSlING COUNTY— 7 Bair, J. D., Montgomery Bastian, W. M., Muncy, R. 3 Jarrett, Emery, Linden, R. 1 Luckenbill, Elwood G., Allenwood, R. 1 Shipman, B. L., Muncy, R. 4 Snyder, Kenneth, Muncy, R. 1 Stryker, E. E., Montgomery, R. 2 MONTOUR COUNTY— 4 Derr, John F., Danville, R. 2 Lobach, Edwin L., Danville, R. 3 Lobach, Warren W., Danville, R. 3 Ranck, Howard G., Danville, R. 2 NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY— 8 Guinter, Bruce D., Milton, R. 1 Hoffman, Cline, Muncy, R. 3 Keller, C. C, 622 N. 4th St., Sunbury Lahr, John H., Sunbury, R. 3 Lahr, Truman E., Sunbury, R. 3 Masser, John, Pitman Mengle, C. E., Sunbury, R. 1 Schmidt, Dietrick, Muncy, R. 3 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY— 5 Gerber, Carl New Ringgold, R. 1 Leiby, Claude, Tamaqaa, R. 1 Moser, George, Ringtown Shellhamer, Woodrow, New Ringgold Teter, Guy, Zions Grove SNYDER COUNTY— 5 Bailey, Ernest F.. Winfield, R. 1 Bolig, E. R., Selinsgrove Herman, Albert S., Selinsgrove, R. 1 Mauerer, Murray N., Winfield, R. 1 Rhoads, S. B., Selinsgrove UNION COUNTY— 2 Rhone, William E., Allenwood, R. 1 Stahl, William, Lewisburg, R. 1 Address Class Cert. B 3 10.3 A 3.5 10.5 84 16 0 B 3 13.3 A 1 10.0 89 11 0 B 3 14.77 A 3 10.0 82 18 0 B 3 12.84 A 4.0 10.8 78 22 0 A 1.0 14.57 82 18 0 B 3 11.35 B 3 10.07 B 2 10.73 A-1 3.5 11.2 79 21 0 A-1 3.25 10.61 79 21 0 A 5 11.1 82 18 0 A 5 13.07 70 30 0 A-1 1 15.3 95 5 0 A-1 4.5 13.13 85 15 0 A 3 11.0 80 20 0 A-1 7 10.13 77 23 0 A 4 10.1 84 16 0 A 2 10.05 83 17 0 A-1 2 12.76 90 10 0 A 2 12.67 79 21 0 A-1 3 11.35 82 18 0 A 4 12.81 88 12 0 A 1.5 10.0 91 9 0 A 4 10.56 82 18 0 A 4 11.96 85 15 0 A-1 5 12.68 84 16 0 A 2.25 10.5 90 10 0 A-1 2 11.66 95 5 0 B-1 1 12.09 B-1 3 10.05 A-1 6 10.1 76 24 0 B 1 10.65 A 1 10.0 85 15 0 A 4 10.88 87 13 0 A-1 10 10.85 84 16 0 A-1 2 12.45 96 4 0 A 4 11.58 80 20 0 A 3 10.54 86 13 1 A 4 12.42 79 20 1 A 3 11.1 80 20 0 18 YORK COUNTY— 107 Anderson, Richard, Dallastown * A Arbogast, A. R., Dillsburg a Bankert, Daniel P., Spring Grove, R. 3 a l Bankert, Elwood, Hanover, R. 2 A-1 Bentzel Arthur J., York, R. 4 A-1 Black, Howard, Glen Rock B-1 Boeckle, Wm., Spring Grove, R. 1 A-1 Bowman^ Vertie, Freeland, Md. A Brown, Claude P., Hanover, R. 2 A-1 Burkms, John, Red Lion, R. 1 B-1 Bush, Earl, Stewartstown, R. 3 A Cool, J. E., Spring Grove, R. 2 A-1 Craumer, Barto, Gren Rock, R. 1 a Dietz, David, York a 1 Diehl, Ervin P., Felton, R. 1 B-1 Diehl, Harry L., Stewartstown, R. 2 B-1 Diehl, Kenneth, New Freedom, R. 1 B Dubs, Harold, Hanover, R. 3 A-1 Dusman, J. W., Hanover, R. 2 A-l Feigler Bros., Red Lion b-1 Flmchbaugh, Clair, Red Lion, R. D. 1 B-1 Frantz R. P., Spring Grove, R. 1 A-1 Fritz, Steward J., Glen Rock a Gable, L T Dallastown, 9. D. A Gable, Paul, York, R. 2 a Grove, Emory, Glen Rock, R. 1 B-1 Cxrove, L. B., Stewartstown, R. 2 B Haar, Al en W., Spring Grove, R. 2 A-1 Hain, Ralph Nochols, Mrs. James New Freedom, R. 1 3 Harman, Charles C, New Freedom A Hartman, Paul B., York, R. 2 B-1 Heniy, Spencer E., Red Lion, R. 2 A Hersh, Stewart L., Seven Valleys, R. 1 Hildebrand, Elwood, New Freedom, R. 1 g Hildebrand, C. H., Stewartstown, R. 2 A Hoke, Spurgeon, York, R. 4 A-1 Hoshall, J. M., Tracey, J. Earle Freeland, Md. ^ Jenkins D wight, Stewartstown B-1 Kaltreider, Mahlon, Spring Grove, R. 2 a-1 Keeny, Mark, York, R. 2 £ Kline, N A., New Freedom, R. 1 B-l Kohler, Albert, Felton a Leber, Milton, Glen Rock, R. 1 a Leiphart, Harry T., Hallam, R. 1 A Leppo, William B., Hanover, R. 1 A Lerew, Smnuel A., New Freedom, R. 1 B-1 Markey, R. E., York, R. 2 B ^arkle David H., York, R. 6 A-1 Michael, S. W., Felton, R. 1 £ Miller, Allen A., Hallam, R. 1 a 19 Acres Tons U. S. Grade % Grown per A, Vs 2's Culls f'i 3 2.14 1.08 2.02 2.90 1 1.80 1 4.40 4 2 1.5 2 1.06 2.5 2.5 3 1.75 2.5 3 2.5 1.2 1 4.5 2.5 2 2 1.25 2.25 5 2 1.5 11.37 11.23 11.42 10.73 10.47 11.32 10.18 12.04 10.17 11.96 11.40 10.27 11.02 13.49 16.26 14.75 13.69 10.83 12.66 11.12 15.34 10.11 12.11 11.86 11.92 10.40 12.70 12.16 11.40 12.52 10.12 16.28 68 67 83 65 78 94 85 76 79 66 78 70 82 71 61 70 70 80 67 86 1 1 1.94 1.5 1.5 1.75 5 2 1.75 2 2.5 1.33 2 9.1 2.1 2.5 3 11.53 17.85 12.53 13.13 10.46 10.47 11.76 14.06 12.76 11.23 11.04 13.39 14.06 13.2 11.31 16.59 11.54 70 80 79 74 79 80 74 80 30 33 17 33 22 6 14 23 20 33 20 30 18 29 38 29 29 19 79 21 32 13 A-1 3.75 11.28 80 20 29 20 70 25 20 25 21 20 23 19 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 63 36 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 Name Address Class Acres Tons Cert. Grown per A. Miller, H. W., York, R. 3 Miller, Levi E., Spring Grove, R. 1 Miller, Malcolm G., Red Lion, R. 2 Miller, Paul M., Thomasville, R. D. MiUer, Ralph Wilbur, New Freedom, R. 1 Mundis, T. R., Stewartstown, R. 2 Myers, Ernest A., Spring Grove, R. 1 Myers, Harry S., Spring Grove, R. 1 Orwig, David, New Freedom, R. 2 Prall, E. E. & Lester, New Freedom Reever, Clarence, Red Lion, R. 2 Rohrbaugh, C. B., Seven Valley, R. 2 Rohrbaugh, Earl, Spring Grove, R. 2 Rudisill, Ralph E., Spring Grove, R. 3 Runkle, Archie, Red Lion, R. 1 Ruth, Wm. A., Spring Grove, R. 1 Sanders, Clarence A., Red Lion, R. 2 Sanders, Wilbur, Miller's, Md. Schoomaker, James, Red Lion, R. 1 Seaks, Mrs. Annie, Stewartstown, R. 2 Shaffer, Edman, Spring Grove, R. 2 Shaub, Alvin, New Freedom Shaull, E., Felton, R. 1 Sheaffer, M. R., Dillsburg Shearer, Edwin B., Spring Grove, R. 1 Shearer, M. J., Spring Grove, R. 1 Sheneberger, Geo. H., York, R. 4 Shettle, Geo. D., York, R. 4 Shorb, Paul, Hanover, R. 2 Shue, John, Hanover, R. 2 Smeltzer, Emory, Windsor, R. 1 Smith, Robert W., Felton, R. 1 Smith, Russell, Shrewsbury Stambaugh, M. L., Spring Grove, R. 1 Stauffer, Harry W., Hellam, R. 1 Sterner, Burnell, Spring Prove, R. 3 Strewig, Clarence, Glen Rock Stough, C. Paul, York, R. 4 Sunday, W. P., York, R. 4 Swartz, Chas., New Freedom, R. 2 Snyder, M. L., York Snyder, Charles, 514 Linden Ave.. York Thomas, Lester, Spring Grove, R. 3 Trout, Roy H., Stewartstown, R. 3 Tyson, John L, Red Lion, R. 1 Wagner, C. E., Spring Grove, R. 2 Wagner, G. H., New Freedom, R. 1 Walteradorf, J. M., 714 S. Queen St., York Wineka, Eli, Red Lion, R. 2 Wolf, Geo. Alfred, New Freedom, R. 1 Workinger, Edward, Windsor, R. 1 20 17. S. Grade % Vs 2's Culls B-1 4 19.82 A-1 2.20 11.25 73 27 0 A 1.75 12.40 70 28 2 A-1 2 10.26 73 25 2 B 2 10.56 B-1 2 12.65 A-1 2 10.51 70 30 0 A-1 1 10.40 76 24 0 B 1.25 10.44 A 2 11.34 67 29 4 B-1 1 13.36 A 1.5 11.00 72 27 1 A-1 2 10.10 71 28 1 A-1 1.99 11.00 80 20 0 A 1.5 14.63 66 32 2 A-1 11 10.62 72 26 2 B 2.5 10.55 A 1.5 12.97 77 17 6 B 2 15.04 B 1.5 15.76 A 2 10.01 78 22 0 B 7 10.31 A 4 11.14 65 33 2 B l78 12.2 57 42 1 A-1 2.95 10.54 81 19 0 A-1 2.95 10.58 75 24 1 A-1 2 12.37 75 25 0 A-1 1.25 17.25 72 27 1 A-1 3.56 10.60 63 36 1 A-1 6 10.46 71 27 2 B 2 11.44 B 1 17.91 B 4 13.35 A-1 1.96 13.69 66 32 2 B-1 2 12.13 A-1 1.75 10.61 72 28 0 A 1.5 15.87 78 21 1 A-1 1.1 13.56 78 20 2 A-1 4 11.28 73 27 0 8 2.5 10.09 A-1 2.25 12.70 77 23 0 B 2 13.64 • A-1 1.7 10.08 78 22 0 A 3 15.24 75 22 3 A 3 10.16 73 26 1 A-1 2 11.03 79 20 1 B 4 10.64 • A-1 1.98 10.01 80 19 1 A 4 10.97 66 30 4 B 4 12.59 B 1 18.40 . ft

;- %.,.. "V, t\' ^ '^'^m Sunscald Due to Lack of Foliage Protection Shows Up First in Soils Z ?,?;^%"'^^^"^'- Particularly in Dry Seasons. Erosion^^Due to Lack of Cover Crops and Coutour Farming, Hastens the Loss of Organic Matter. 21 I RUTGERS or MARGLOBE Send to. WooSimH ^ ^ependaUe Seed Whatever your preference of varieties for your 1 945 crop, you will profit by planting Woodruff seed. For instance, our special strain of Rutgers (Certified) was bred to maintain the productiveness of the parent stock yet produce with greater uniformity. On all varieties we can take care of your requirements. Now is the time to place your order. 1 i F.H lUOODRUFF &SQns inc. MILFORD, CONN. ALSO AT : ATLANTA - DALLAS- SACRAMENTO - TOLEDO ^ V Ten-Ton Tomato Production Practices in 1944' JESSE M. HUFFINGTON^ The records of 542 Pennsylvania tomato growers show yields of ten tons or more per acre in 1944, as compared to 911 in 1943. Poor quality plants and unfavorable weather were the principal causes of a lower average yield per acre than in 1943. While "nothing can be done about the weather," the following pro- duction practices increase tomato yields: (1) Using only well-grown tomato plants, set in a well-prepared, fertile soil, handling them speedily upon arrival. (2) Selecting well-drained, productive soil. (3) Including in the rotation winter cover crops (25 lbs. ryegrass per acre in August or September at the last cultivation, of 2 bu. of rye after late harvested crops) and clover-grass sods once in four years with sufficient lime worked deeply into the soil for clover. (4) Applying a good coat of manure before plowing. An additional light application after plowing, if practicable and not too strawy or coarse, helps to conserve moisture in dry seasons. Where manure is not available, it may be necessary to include green-manure crops m addition to sod in the rotation, particularly on the lighter soils. (5) Using sufficient complete fertilizer (such as 3-12-6), 800 to 1200 pounds per acre, drilled deeply or plowed down in the furrow bot- tom, followed by row application (250-300 lbs.) to give a good start and promote continued growth until frost. (6) Plowing early and deeply enough to cover undecayed vege- table matter and to allow deep setting of the plants, followed by harrowing to kill germinating weed seedlings and make it possible to drill fertilizer deeply. Avoid working the soil when too wet. (7) Obtaining a good stand in May by setting the plants deeply (4 inches), allowing 14-16 square feet per plant in ordinary soils with at least 4 feet between the rows, and using water with plant starter in a dry season. (8) Avoiding competition from weeds by early and careful cultiva- tion. (9) Carefully training and supervising pickers. (10) Hauling large loads to save time. The records show that most of the tomato growers planted about 3 acres. The farm family did most of the picking. A large number used both home and hired labor. A very few hired all the help. * Assistance by W. B. Nissley and G. J. Stout, Vegetable Garden Extension, The Pennsylvania State College, is acknowledged. Vegetable Gardening Extension, The Pennsylvania State College. 23 -I , '1 ' If! 0\ The ground was plowed mostly in May, on account of the wet April, and at a depth of 6 inches or more. Corn was the crop preceding tomatoes in most cases with sods taking second place. The use of winter cover crops, particularly preceding tomatoes, is mcreasmg but only a few growers used a cover crop to follow to- matoes. In the Southeastern counties, a popular practice is to disc down the vines and seed to wheat followed by clover-grass sod. Ten-tons or loads of manure were applied to the acre on most fields and 90% of the 10-ton growers used manure. Only 10% of the 10-ton growers applied lime for tomatoes. The fertilizer analysis used mostly was 3-12-6, with 4-12-4 second, foJ^-^ °*'^®^^ following. The rate of application was mostly 800 to 1200 pounds per acre. + PrTto^/^®""^^^"^ ^^ *°"^ °^ tomatoes per acre applied an average total of 184.3 units of plant food per acre, or 830 pounds of a 21-unit fertilizer (such as a 3-12-6); 11 tons-197.5 units or 940 pounds; and 12-17 tons— 233 units or 1100 pounds. Plants grown in the South were used to produce 71% of the 10- ton yields, local greenhouse seedlings transplanted and transferred to frames— 17%, and frame seedlings— 12%. Four 10-ton yields were produced from seed sown directly in the field. cn^^L^^ ^°, ^^ ^^ *^® P®^*°^ ^^^" "^°st 10-ton fields were planted, or 59%; May 1-15-19% (particularly in the Bucks County area), May 25 to June 5—18% and after June 5— only 6%. Fourth-fifths of the fields were set out with transplanting equip- ment and one-fifth by hand, f & H F Rutgers was the variety used by 83% of the growers, Marglobe by 8% and other varieties by 9%. Other varieties included particularly Early Canner, Stokfisdale, Garden State and No. 178. Fourteen to 18 square feet per plant were allowed in 56% of the fields; 12-14-32%; less than 12-9^^ and more than 18-3%. Wider rows are being used more and more in order to avoid injury to the vines in picking. ^ -^ ■ ^fJ *^^", ^.°^" ^^^"'^ ^^s obtained in 45% of the fields: 90 to 95% in 41%; and 95 to 100% in 13';;. This reflects the poor condition of plants and unfavorable planting season in 1944. ,> Cultivating 3 to 5 times was sufficient to control weeds in most fields and about a fifth of the fields required hand hoeing or weeding. About half the growers were required to haul the crop 5 to 15 and the other half 15 or more miles. Payment for picking was by the basket by 69% of the growers; by the hour-26%; and by the day or month-only 5%. Continued on page twenty-six 24 PROFITS PLUS 4« Wl ith B A UniAfAV r% MM M WWHk I The Band- Way method of fertilizer placement makes up the bed, sows fertilizer and plant, and covers the seed— all in one operation. Com- pare this method with the old fashioned method of broadcasting fertilizer in the furrow and you get —Consistently GREATER YIELDS per DOLLAR INVESTED — BIG- GER PROFITS with LESS TIME, LABOR and COST in the planting and fertilizing operation. Study these three Band-Way methods. SEED FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER REGULAR BAND -WAY is the most widely used system of fertiUzer distribution. It places the plant food far enough from seed to prevent danger of injury, close enough to be available for young plants as soon as they begin to put down roots. 25% FERTILIZER FERTIUZER HI-LO BAND -WAY places fertilizer on one side slightly below seed and on the other side, much deeper, allowing the lower band to contact more moisture when most needed. This gives young plants greater nourishment at a later stage of growth. HI-LO UNEQUAL QUAN- TITY BAND-WAY places 25% of fertilizer on one side slight- ly below seed and 75% on the other side, much deeper. Thi? method is especially recom- mended for dry soil and those crops which require the great- est amount of moisture. Ask any IRON AGE user — TODAY !•« iitp ^tin A.B.FARQUHAR COMPANY, YORK, PA 3402 DUKE ST. YORK, PENNSYLVANIA m Continued from page twenty-four XT' Poor Stands Look Bad at the Start and Worse on the Bank Account. If Plants Must be Heeled In, This is the Way to Space Them. It is Better to Set Plants Out at Once After Arrival. 26 «W" ? The Difference between 500 and 1,000 lbs. of Fertilizer per Acre. (Left 500, drilled; right 500 plowed down, 500 drilled). Extension (arrow) on Cultivator, Built by Local Blacksmith, Saves •' Time in Cultivating Wide Rows. i.>: 27 Continued from page twenty-four Poor Stands Look Bad at the Start and Worse on the Bank Account. • • • !»* • J The Difference between 500 and LOOO lbs. of Fertilizer per Acre. (Left 500, drilled; right 500 plowed down, 500 drilled). .*■;#<; •Xv ,i#^. Jl^S^ : /H % f- ^ • ;^vv,.>-r-t If Plants Must be Heeled In, This is the Way to Space Them. It is Better to Set Plants Out at Once After Arrival. 26 •* < Extension (arrow) on Cultivator, Built by Local Blacksmith, Saves Time in Cultivating Wide Rows. 27 INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE MAKE EVERY JICIIC DO Its ,'~^l} "*■' FOR LARGER, FINER CROPS Armour's can help you realize greater yields of finer vegetables. It can also help to build up your soil so that it will go on producing year after year. Fit Armour's BIG CROP into your rotation program, use it with cover crops, add to manure for maximum benefits. But be sure you get Armour's, the fertilizer of successful vegetable growers! See your Armour Agent. ABMOUB FERTILIZEB WORKS BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ■^■~"~"~^y .' w 4 ( ' 'i Showing a New Picker How to Use Both Hands, Remove the Stems and Pick Between Two Rows. -4ii<^pife#if^» Drive-Rows, Conveniently Located in the Field, Save Time. Note the Man Carrying Baskets to the Drive-Row, While Women and Children do the Picking. 29 MAKE CVCRY ACRE DO ITS BEST FOR LARGER, FINER CROPS Armour's can help you realize greater yields of finer vegetables. It can also help to build up your soil so that it will go on producing year after year. Fit Armour's BIG CROP into your rotation program, use it with cover crops, add to manure for maximum benefits. But be sure you get Armour's, the fertilizer of successful vegetable growers! See your Armour Agent. ARMOUB FEBTILIZER WORKS BALTIMORE, MARYLAND -M> < . * >'. »• V i v \» *,* •i ► 1 ' Showing a New Picker How lo Use Both Hands, Remove the Stems and Pick Between Two Rows. Drive-Rows, Conveniently Located in the Field, Save Time. Note the Man Carrying Baskets to the Drive-Row, While Women and Children do the Picking. 29 INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE ATTENTION VEGETABLE GROWERS! Conserve precious manhours — transplant with a HERSHEY tractor mounted two row transplanter. Three men plant two rows in practically the same time formerly required to plant one. Used and approved by hundreds of growers for planting vegetable and field crops. The HERSHEY transplanter is easily attached on all row crop type tractors and can be used with either power or hand lift. Few working parts and strong, electrically welded frame provide for true and accurate operation. Spacing on the row and between rows fully adjustable. Corn planting and fertilizer attachments available at small additional cost. Investigate today. Transplant the modern way — use the Hershey Tractor Mounted Transplanter Manufactured by N. G. HERSHEY MANHEIM PENNA. V -'^^ '-f «^ t --* # — -■* «i L. ^ > 4 -^ ► i T- A Sturdy Handle on the Basket is Easy on the Hands and Saves Time. CANNING TOMATO VARIETY DEMONSTRATIONS Rutgers is still the leader in tomato varieties for canning, but Mar- globe ripened earlier in demonstrations conducted by County Agents in Huntingdon, Blair, Indiana, Fayette and Allegheny Counties. No. 178, from D. R. Porter, Campbell Soup Company Research Farm, Riverton, N. J., looked good in Eastern Pennsylvania on ac- count of its freedom from "green top" and uniformly deep red color. Early Canner was the preferred early maturing variety for can- ning in Lancaster, Adams, Franklin and Indian Counties. It does best only when planted early, on well drained soil, using well-grown, disease-free plants. Garden State was very productive and excellent in quality on fer- tile soil in Allegheny County, where the plants were mulched with straw. — J. M. H. EARLY TOMATO VARIETY DEMONSTRATIONS Early Market ranked first in early yield, July 1 to 22 and in the percentage of marketable tomatoes in a demonstration with staked tomatoes conducted by Amos Funk, Millersville, Lancaster County. Other leading varieties of early tomatoes were Scarlet Dawn and Stokesdale. 31 ATTENTION VEGETABLE GROWERS! Conserve precious manhours — transplant with a HERSHEY tractor mounted two row transplanter. Three men plant two rows in practically the same time formerly required to plant one. Used and approved by hundreds of growers for planting vegetable and field crops. The HERSHEY transplanter is easily attached on all row crop type tractors and can be used with either power or hand lift. Few working parts and strong, electrically welded frame provide for true and accurate operation. Spacing on the row and between rows fully adjustable. Corn planting and fertilizer attachments available at small additional cost. Investigate today. Transplant the modern way — use the Hershey Tractor Mounted Transplanter Manufactured by N. G. HERSHEY MANHEIM PENNA, "► ^ « «<• -^ # \ - -• ^ -* # ♦ 4 * -^ •> » -Hi I I I t I ! < I A Sturdy Handle on the Basket is Easy on the Hands and Saves Time. CANNING TOMATO VARIETY DEMONSTRATIONS Rutgers is still the leader in tomato varieties for canning, but Mar- globe ripened earlier in demonstrations conducted by County Agents in Huntingdon, Blair, Indiana, Fayette and Allegheny Counties. No. 178, from D. R. Porter, Campbell Soup Company Research Farm, Riverton, N. J., looked good in Eastern Pennsylvania on ac- count of its freedom from ''green top" and uniformly deep red color. Early Canner was the preferred early maturing variety for can- ning in Lancaster, Adams, Franklin and Indian Counties. It does best only when planted early, on well drained soil, using well-grown, disease-free plants. Garden State was very productive and excellent in quality on fer- tile soil in Allegheny County, where the plants were mulched with straw. — J. M. H. EARLY TOMATO VARIETY DEMONSTRATIONS Early Market ranked first in early yield, July 1 to 22 and in the percentage of marketable tomatoes in a demonstration with staked tomatoes conducted by Amos Funk, Millersville, Lancaster County. Other leading varieties of early tomatoes were Scarlet Dawn and Stokesdale. 31 INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE BEAN FOR 1945 BEAN WILL BUILD: Bean Potato Sprayers Bean Rubber Spool Potato Graders Bean Rubber Roll Potato Cleaners WE DISTRIBUTE: American Bunch Vegetable Washers with BEAN High Pressure Pumping Unit Send for Catalogs John Bean Mfg. Div. Food Machinery Corp. ^>-^ r ». ? * I LANSING 4, MICH. 4'. I I I J- I Growing Tomatoes in Allegheny County LOUIS ORIENT* Our tomato seed is sown March 1 in flats 16 x 24 x 4 inches, in rows 2 inches apart, using 8 to 10 seeds per inch. The soil used is a mixture of compost and sandy loam with lime and phosphate added. This mixture is steam sterilized to kill weed seeds and soil born dis- ease. When true leaves appear the tomatoes are transplanted in flats, li inches each way. The soil is kept rather dry to keep the plants from growing soft. Until plants are set in the field they are sprayed at weekly intervals with a mixture of oxy-cloride. Lead arsenate is added to the last spray to control field insects at the time of trans- planting. When plants are 2i inches tall they are again transplanted in cold- frames 4 inches apart each way. Sash are placed over the plants until roots take hold, then removed, except for frost protection. Soil Preparation The soil is plowed April 1 if sod is turned down, and May 1, if it is in cover crop. Manure is applied during the winter or early spring at the rate of ten tons per acre. Lime is applied to the soil the year before tomato production. Three hundred pounds of super phos- phate and 400 pounds of ammonium nitrate per acre is applied be- fore plowing. Immediately after plowing the soil is disced and culti- packed and worked at weekly intervals until planting time. Approximately May 15 the tomato plants are ready for the field. Before plants are pulled the soil is loosened with a fork leaving as much soil on the roots as possible. The plants are packed in bushels, taken to the field and planted immediately. A mixture of water and starter solution (5-10-10, 5 lbs. to 50 gal. water) is used at the rate of i pint per plant. Five hundred pounds of f^tilizer, (8-16-16), is placed in bands on each side of the row. The plants are set 48 inches apart in the row and 52 inches apart between the row. A week after plants are set a light cultivation is given, followed by a deep cultivation in 10 days. Two weeks later another shallow culti- vation and a hand hoeing is given to control weeds. The tomato fields are inspected at intervals for horned worm and plant lice in- jury. Nicotine dust is used to control plant lice. ♦Bridgeville, Pa. Continued on page eighty-seven 33 SAVE SAVE SAVE TIME LABOR TWINE with FEUNS Marketing Equipment FELINS BUNCH TYER for Bunch Vegetables . Cut Flowers .... Nursery Stock . i * • • • TORRENT BUNCH VEGETABLE WASHER for Washing all varieties of Bunch Vegetables . Over 1800 bunches an hour. vj^ FELINS ROOT CROP WASHER for Washing all varieties of Bushel Crop. 10 bushel capacity — 3 tons an hour. •-> FELINS Milwaukee 6, Wisconsin Roscoe Fraser, the Hoosier Tomato Specialist, Gets Instructions on Double-Quick Fertility from ''Doc'' Scarseth Lafayette, Indiana Fall of 1944 Can't Make Something from Nothing As you and I have many times discussed in the past it does not make sense to attempt to grow high quality tomatoes by giving the tomato plant only half a chance to do what the tomato breeders and God have designed for the plant to do. Haven't we been asking too much from our Indiana tomato plants? We have asked these tomato plants to give us big yields and extra fine Hoosier quality by growing them on soils just fair to middling corn land. Roscoe, a soil that is good for a 100-bushel corn crop is still not good enough for the kind of tomatoes we ought to be growing in Indiana. Tomato Plant is Different Than a Corn Plant Let us just think a minute on fiow a tomato plant differs from a corn plant in doing its job of producing its fruit. In the early stages of growth of the two plants I do not see any great fundamental differences in the two. After the corn plant has . its ear pollinated, it has merely one job to do and that is to let its leaves soak up the sunshine which makes sugar which is carried from the leaf into the ear and is laid down as starch. If the mineral and nitrogen supply is good up to the stage where the plant is making the ear there is likelihood of being adequate quantities of these materials present so that the ear can make its necessary proteins, to balance out the starch that is being made. If the fall with its sunny days and cool nights is free from frost until a reasonable date, the corn plant merely has to continue soaking up sunlight to make sugar that is packed into the ear as starch. The longer the corn is permitted to grow in the fall, the greater will be this starch-making process and the longer will be the kernel and the heavier will be the ear. If there are any shortages in the minerals or nitrogen nutri- ents it reflects itself in a small plant, weaker processes in the leaf for making sugar and shortages in proteins and phosphates in the ear to develop it properly with a result that the ear is small and the yield is low. In the tomato plant after the blossom is set, and here the problem of having a good set is somewhat similar to having a good pollination in the corn, the tomato plant unlike the corn plant continues to make additional leaf and stem growth. The early set blossoms pro- ceed to make fruit. The tomato plant is thus called upon to do sev- 35 Assure ten ton tomato crops WITH NIAGARA FUNGICIDES ^ x; V 0-^ '■i»««^!^fe- ^^Wp> v^'- #" A. •*#)?» J .*<.^' .<*% # Tomatoes are subject to attack by numerous insects and diseases. Pennsylvania growers find blight and leaf spot the most common. Frequently they cause great damage. Experimental work and general use has proved that Niagara C-O-C-S (Copper Oxychloride Sulphate) is a safe and very effective copper fungicide. C-O-C-S Dust mixtures are prepared for special use on different crops. They are exceedingly popular with growers because they may be used for daytime dusting, since moisture is not required for toxic action. Special information with respect to dust mixtures and uses can be secured from your local Experi- ment Station. Or write direct to: GgWlHYOUBU)' man BUY PROTt? NIAGARA SPRAYER AND CHEMICAL CO., INC. Middleport, New York WB ALSO MAKE ALL TYPES OF CROP AND FRUIT DUSTING MACHINES . . . WRITE FOR CATALOG - I - ) ^ \ — I I I I ^ ^ ^ 0 J. ^' -w ti M ta 4 Equipment for Plow Sole Ferlilization This picture was taken August IL 1942, at the time of the first picking. Plot 3/ which received one ton of 10-10-10 on plow sole and 200 lbs. of 2-16-8 per acre in the row, yielded 15.2 tons of good quality tomatoes. Plot 8 received 600 lbs. of 2-16-8 per acre in the row (a common fertilizer recommendation for this area) and yielded only 8.7 tons of poor quality tomatoes. Plant- tissue tests indicated high nitrates in plot 3 at this date. Late August second growth foliage after the early blight infestation, protected the ripening fruit. Plot 8, which had been badly nitrogen- starved since July 22, produced prac- tically no second growth of leaves. The unprotected fruit sun-burned and cracked badly. From article in "Better Crops with Plant Food/' reprint 5/4/43, American Potash Institute, Washington, D. C. 37 Assure ten ton tomato crops WITH NIAGARA FUNGICIDES Tomatoes are subject to attack by numerous insects and diseases. Pennsylvania growers find blight and leaf spot the most common. Frequently they cause great damage. Experimental work and general use has proved that Niagara C-O-C-S (Copper Oxychloride Sulphate) is a safe and very effective copper fungicide. C-O-C-S Dust mixtures are prepared for special use on different crops. They are exceedingly popular with growers because they may be used for daytime dusting, since moisture is not required for toxic action. Special information with respect to dust mixtures and uses can be secured from your local Experi- ment Station. Or write direct to: GTwtHYOU BUY fiagan NIAGARA SPRAYER AND CHEMICAL CO., INC. Middleport, New York W£ ALSO MAKE ALL TYPES OF CROP AND FRUIT DUSTING MACHINES . . . WRITE FOR CATALOG I 0 I ^ •> — ♦ 1 1 1 1 ^ % ^ 1 ^^^ . ^ ^ *i ¥ r-i. • V. ^ ^ 1 • 4 1 1 v: ¥ »^*'^v Equipment for Plow Sole Fertilization This picture was taken August \\, 1942, at the time of the first picking. Plot 3, which received one ton of 10-10-10 on plow sole and 200 lbs. of 2-16-8 per acre in the row, yielded 15.2 tons of good quality tomatoes. Plot 8 received 600 lbs. of 2-16-8 per acre in the row (a common fertilizer recommendation for this area) and yielded only 8.7 tons of poor quality tomatoes. Plant- tissue tests indicated high nitrates in plot 3 at this date. Late August second growth foliage after the early blight infestation, protected the ripening fruit. Plot 8, which had been badly nitrogen- starved since July 22, produced prac- tically no second growth of leaves. The unprotected fruit sun-burned and cracked badly. From article in "Better Crops with Plant Food," reprint 5/4/43, American Potash Institute, Washington, D. C. 37 INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE NEW SWEET CORN HYBRIDS LINCOLN — a most popular new hybrid for home or market grower. WILSON— a late yellow hybrid of Stowells Evergreen Also Spancross, Marcross, Carmelcross, Old Hickory and Golden Cross Bantam. Just drop a card for our descriptive list. HUNTINGTON BROTHERS Box H, Windsor, Conn. CHARLES G. SUMMERS, JR., Inc. CANNERS & DEHYDRATORS OF SUPERFINE VEGETABLES NEW FREEDOM. PENNSYLVANIA MADE FOB PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GBOWEBS Perfect Blend Insecticide and Fungicide Dusts Double Mixed and Thoroughly Blended in a High Speed Attrition Mill Blender, . . . They Assure (1) Better Control and (2) Greater Economy Try F.B. "Perfect Blend" Dusts in 1945 — They Have No Superior — PENNSYLVANIA FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg, Pa- Owned and Controlled by Pennsylvania Farmers C^ r^^ T. i' »r rm. < I .f' P ^\^ -^ e\ 4 eral things at once; it makes new vegetative growth, it fills and ripens fruit and prepares to start new fruit through blossoming. It seems unreasonable to me to expect all of these processes to go on at its utmost potentiality by drawing upon minerals and nitrogen nutri- ents that are already in the plant. This indicates that the tomato plant must draw exceedingly heavily upon the soil during its fruiting period to maintain the demand it has for these necessary substances from the soil. If these substances are abundantly available at this particular time, the process of making an abundant quantity of fruit can go on without any handicap until frost. Roscoe, all this in mind adds up to the fact that tomatoes should have a soil that is just rich enough during its early non-fruiting period to make a reasonable healthy vegetative plant and from there on the nutrient supply should be greater than ever before in its life period. I can see that if the nitrogen supply is too high in the period before setting of the blossoms that there will be too much of a tendency for the plant to continue vegetative and to have difficulty in establishing "set blossoms." Ideal Fertilization What then does all this add up to with respect to a sensible method of fertilization? Well, Roscoe, it just calls for the kind of thing I have been squealing about the last several years until my throat is dry. When nitrogen in the form of some ammonium compound, pre- ferably ammonium sulfate, cyanamid or urea, is placed on the plow furrow, it will not support the plant with excessive nitrogen in the early season for two reasons: 1, It is deeply placed where the roots are slow to contact it, and 2, As ammonium nitrogen it will stay deeply placed and be there in the late summer when the crop is starting to form and will be there to feed it in the fall when it is so badly needed. The reasons for placing the phosphate and potash down on the plow furrow are not so complex but it is largely a matter of keeping the phosphate from being too closely mixed with the soil so that it will combine with the soil particles to become unavailable and be- cause of this deep placement they are down in the moist soil during the drier seasons of late July and early August to do a better job of feeding the plant when it needs it. A Row Starter Is Needed I look upon this fertilizer placed on the plow sole as the food in the cupboard to feed the plant when it is really needing a lot of it dur- ing the fruiting period but on most of our soils there is a need for a little fertilizer in the row to start the seedling ofE well at first. Such a 39 « fertilizer, in my mind, should be high in phosphorus and contain only small quantities of nitrogen and potash. 200 to 300 pounds of such a fertilizer as 2-16-8 or 3-18-9 seems almost ideal. How Much Fertilizer Should Be Plowed Under? To really make a crop I cannot see very favorably any rate that adds on the plow furrow less than 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre for most any soil and 200 pounds of nitrogen on the light colored soils that have neither clover nor manures, and about 200 pounds of P2O5 and 200 pounds of K2O. This is the same as saying plow under one ton of a 5-10-10 fertilizer or one ton of a 10-10-10. Of course at the present time only 8-8-8 is available so it would be the next choice. Cordially yours for more and better Hoosier tomatoes, GEORGE D. SCARSETH Director of Research American Farm Research Association C^rhnn^l^J^.^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ S"* L°^"*' ^^^'^^ Aydelolt Farm, r^i ♦ w • ^"^'.?^ Related to a Common Fertilizer Application, Plot No 8 P?ow Sole""""' ^^^*"'^^ °^ Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash Applied on ihe Marketable yields"- Fertilizer Treat- added in bands ment —on plow sole — Row fertilizer number Mixture Lbs./A. Lbs./A. Kind North — replicates — Tons Tons increase per over acre! No. 8» South — replicates — Tons Tons increase per over acre* No. 8^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0-10-10 5-10-10 10-10-10 5-10- 5 5-10- 0 5- 0-10 5-10-10 None 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 — Average* — Tons Tons increase per over acre* No. 8* Significant difference 200: 2-16-8 7.92 200: 2-16-8 10.86 200: 2-16-8 12.00 200: 2-16-8 11.58 200: 2-16-8 9.29 200: 2-16-8 9.50 None 10.41 600: 2-16-8 7.29 2.72 .63 3.57 4.71 4.29 2.00 2.21 3.12 • • • 2.72 8.52 15.39 15.17 14.36 13.47 12.56 12.65 8.76 2.72 -0.24 6.63 6.41 5.60 4.71 3.80 3.89 • • • 2.72 8.22 13.13 13.58 12.97 11.38 11.02 11.52 8.03 1.92 0.19 5.10 5.55 4.94 3.35 2.99 3.49 • • • 1.92 The rainfall was excessive in the early summer Cyanamid nitrogen used for the plow-sole fertilizers Ammonium sulphate nitrogen used for the row fertilizers The average number of plants which had green fruit at frost time Seotemhi^r ?« f,.r treatments 1-8 respectively were: 2.0. 8.8. 15.8%.5. 5.3. 5.3. 9.5.Tnd oTplfnts p^? p'^^ot » Average of two replications. I ^I?* f^°' ® ''^''^^''^^ *^^ fertilizer treatment that is commonly recommended for this area rr rjP^^ tomato plants on the two south replicates were transplanted in the evening of Judp ?o bo^^eTy hoVsinn? da/^^^^^^^^^^ ^^M"" *^^ "^.^^"^"^ °* '^"^ 8. whTc^h tTrned^ ou? lo DC a very not. sunny day. The plants set m the morning wilted badlv and annparf^rt in h*» ffino^f^ ^ ^.l^^ °'' "'.^'^ ^" contrast to those set in the evening We believe ^It the l^vf/r-^]?^Sfu^^ morning-set plants was due to the effect of the hot summer dav^howlve- other conditions such as overnight storage of ths seedlings might also have been aTactor' , n* ^®w^§? °^ *J^® four replicates (includes the two "morning set" replicates which hart Jl^li^fl.^^^^^ ^"? were physiologically upset [see footnote No .3], as weU as the two "even- ing set replicates which appeared to have good early growth) Experiment conducted in 1942 by Purdue University scientists. 40 ;r ^ ^.^ r Irrigation for all Crops and Orchards ft ft INSURE Crop Production By Irrigating ##1 rtt RAIN Where and When You Want It COMPLETE PORTABLE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Champion Portable Pipe and Valves Skinner Revolving Sprinklers — sand proof Transite Pressure Pipe for underground lines #/ RAIN-O-MATIC" Portable Power Pumping Units Sizes: 100 to 2,000 Gallons Per Minute SPECIALISTS IN IRRIGATION Hamilton & Company has designed and sold Irrigation Systems for many different crops grown on over 100,000 acres. We invite your irrigation problems and our Irrigation Engineering Service is always available to you. We will gladly plan your complete Irrigation System, including necessary pipe, valves, fittings, pump, sprinklers, engine or mounted portable power pumping unit and furnish you with an estimate. Write us today. O. K. Champion Power Potato Diggers Boggs Potato Graders and Equipment Trescott Fruit and Vegetable Machinery Peach Defuzzers, Graders and Conveyors Apple Graders, Waxers and Cleaners Tomato and Sweet Potato Graders, Washers and Waxers Lima and Snap Bean Cleaners and Conveyors HAMILTON & COMPANY EPHRATA, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA TELEPHONE 678 DISTRIBUTORS P. O. BOX 178 Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, D. of C. Soil Fertility Practices That Pay FIRMAN E. BEAR* There is an art and a science of agriculture. The art dates from prehistoric man. The science did not have its beginning until the early years of the seventeenth century. Previous to that time, ex- perience guided practice. During the last 300 years science has gradu- ally assumed the leadership. In soil management it has pointed the way to improved practices by which it is now possible to transform even the most barren soil into one that is suitable for a garden. But the art of agriculture still flourishes. Many well-established prac- tices are as yet unexplained. They challenge science to the best it has to offer. Farmers are applying heavier doses of lime, using better fertilizers, makmg greater efforts to stop erosion, and checking up more closely on the soil than ever before. But both farmers and soil scientists are puzzled by many thing they see but don't quite understand. We need to know more about the soil in relation to the plants we want to grow. And we must know more about the soil as a source of sub- stances required by man. In other words, we must not only learn how to grow bigger yields for economy's sake, but better quality for the benefit of those who are to eat the crops we produce. Soil Organic Matter Must Be Digested Organic matter, as such, is of little value to soil or crops until it has undergone microbial digestion. Thus fresh manure, straw from the combine, grass sods, rye in the headed stage and similar crude materials, when plowed under, often do more damage than good. That does not mean that such materials should never be worked into the soil. It means merely that, if they are, something must be done to speed up the rotting process. If a crop is planted before the or- ganic matter is well rotted, the bacteria that feed on it will compete with the young plants for the available nitrogen in the soil with the result that the crop is stunted. Plants that get off to a bad start sel- dom recover from the set-back. To effect the rapid rotting of organic matter, the bacteria re- sponsible for it must be supplied with moisture, air, nitrogen, lime, and warmth. Given adequate amounts of all of these and everything goes well. But if any one of them is lacking, the process slows down and trouble sets in. Soils that are in a high state of fertility may digest the added organic matter without interference with the crop even though no special effort is made to meet the needs of the soil microorganisms causing the rotting. But in a "worn-out" soil, crude organic matter may remain in an undigested state for a long time. ^*^^^^' Soils Department, Agricultural Experiment Station, New Bruns- I. ,^>1'«» ^^. Extra nitrogen may not have to be added if the organic matter is of the high-nitrogen type. Thus legume cover crops and young green rye usually rot readily when plowed under. But cornstalks, straw, and timothy sod need extra nitrogen for rapid decay. In doubtful cases it is best to apply extra nitrogen to the material before it is plowed under. Where a very large amount of coarse material is available for plowing under it may be best to leave it lie on top of the ground for a while before turning it under. A still better procedure would be to disc such material into the soil a week or more in ad- vance of plowing. The supplemental use of lime and superphos- phate as well as nitrogen aids greatly in spreading up the rotting process. Organic matter from some plants is much more valuable that that from others. As an illustration, we have had excellent results with snapbeans and carrots from blowing under cornstalks, peat, and mix- tures of straw and alfalfa, but we have experienced marked reduction in yield as a result of plowing under sweet clover, pine shavings, and sorrel, even though extra nitrogen had been applied to speed up the rotting process. The good effects from the first three are believed to have been due to the rate at which they rot and liberate the sub- stances they contain for reuse by the next crop. The bad effects from the last three materials are believed to have been caused by the coumarin, resins, and oxalic acid, respectively, which they contained. All of these substances are known to be toxic to plants. In this connection it may be well to point out that there is constant warfare between the several groups of soil microorganisms, some of which are disease-producing microbes that attack plants, whereas others serve the highly useful purpose of "selective disinfection." This term is applied to a cleaning-up process in the soil by which some or all of the parasitic types of microbes are destroyed. Thus it is conceivable that by the right choice of organic matter one could favor the beneficial types over the disease producers. Penicillin, streptothricin, and similar antibiotic agents are by-products of micro- organisms that have been isolated from the soil and put to work in this manner for the benefit of mankind. Under carefully control- led conditions they produce large amounts of microbe-destroying substances that are being employed in the control of human diseases. It seems probable that plant diseases could likewise be effectively controlled if we knew how to select our organic matter on the basis of its stimulatory effects on these curative types of microorganisms. The continued interest in organic fertilizers, or those carrying part of their nitrogen in the form of animal tankage, fish scrap, and seed- meals, cannot be lightly shoved aside. It is difficult to believe that they are worth the price if used on soils that are in a high state of fertility. Thus a good soil should contain at least 3 per cent organic 42 43 matter, or 60,000 pounds in the plow depth of an acre. If one adds a ton of fertilizer containing 200 pounds of tankage he will have in- creased the organic-matter content of such a soil from 60,000 to 60,200 pounds per acre. On the face of it, this seems hardly worth while. If a soil is in a low state of fertility, however, there may be some- thing to this practice. Thus if one drives out onto a poor piece of land with a manure spreader and applies a light dressing of manure, he will have little difficulty seeding just where he went, even though the rate of application was only 5 or 6 tons per acre and the manure was 75 per cent water. Possibly equally good effects could have been produced by the use of fertilizer carrying the same amounts of nitro- gen, phosphoric acid, and potash as was contained in the manure but this is doubtful. What we are dealing with in such a case is a soil that has been robbed of most of its organic matter and is now down to rock bottom, only the highly resistant residue remaining in it. A little well-rotted manure adds a touch that stimulates the soil mi- crobes to renewed activity. Similarly a little animal tankage along the row at planting time may put new life into such a soil and a little extra pep into the seedling plant that is growing on it. It may be well to add, however, that the man who is cropping that kind of soil needs a new outlook on farming? Why allow a soil to get into such a state? We are still of the opinion that for those vegetable growers who have no livestock and are unable to obtain adquate amounts of ma- nure, something more than a winter cover crop that is put in late in the fall and plowed under early in the spring will be required. It is our belief that in such cases the land could be operated to advantage on the basis of a once-in-four year's resting program, this to consist in the growing of a grass-legume mixture over an entire summer, allowing it to fall back on the land for plowing-under purposes. It seems probable that a late-summer discing program should be fol- lowed to facilitate the more rapid disintegration of the crude organic matter and to permit of the reseeding of the cover crop for plowing- under in the young green stage early the following spring. Calcium Supply More Important Than pH Value If on testing a soil and learning that its pH value is 5.0, for example, one decides to add enough lime to raise this value to 6.8, he may find that 500 pounds of pulverized limestone, or its equivalent in some other form of lime, is enough for the plow depth of a sand, but that more than 10 times that amount may be required for a silt loam or clay loam soil. Within recent years many men seem to have come to the conclusion that the pH value is the important thing, whereas it seems quite probable that we are equally if not more concerned with the calcium supply in the soil. In other words, lime has two 'a \^l o 1-^ f functions in the soil; one to destroy acid and the other to supply cal- cium, a very necessary element in plants. Less lime is required to maintain a loam soil at a high pH level, once it has been brought to that state, than to maintain a sand at the same level. It may take a lot of lime to raise the pH value of a loam to 6.8, but the lime lasts in such a soil. In a sand, however, the pH value tends to drop back quickly to where it was and, therefore, lime must be applied much more frequently to such a soil. In fact, it is very difficult to keep enough lime in a sandy soil to prevent the lack of calcium from being a limiting factor in crop production. This means that the man who is farming the sandier types of soil has to be concerned about several matters that need not disturb the farmer of loam soils. He must make every effort to add more organic matter to his soil as a means of increasing its storage capa- city for calcium and for other elements as well. He must also avoid the use of highly concentrated fertilizers, because the highest con- centration is arrived at by entirely eliminating calcium from the fertilizer materials. One ton of 5-10-10 fertilizer will supply more than twice as much calcium as the one-half ton of 10-20-20 that may be used to replace it. This may be of very little significance on a loam soil but it becomes increasingly important as the soil becomes more and more sandy. So far as we are aware, nothing is gained by adding more lime to a soil than is required to bring it up to a pH value of around 6.8 and to maintain it there. Something additional is gained, however, by raising the pH value of a second plow depth to that level. And enough lime should be applied to vegetable soils to maintain about 14 inches of soil at approximately those levels. On the loam types of soil, the lime applications may not need to be repeated every year, but on the sandier soils yearly applications are essential, and prob- ably the land should be limed for each successive crop. It is con- ceivable that limestone screenings would be very useful for lime- storage purposes in such soils. Surface Application of Fertilizer Positionally Unavailable Our concepts of row placement of fertilizer originated in the Cen- tral West where the rate of application was 100 to 200 pounds per acre for crops like corn, and wheat, necessitating an along-the-row loca- tion if the fertilizer was to produce adequate results. But in this part of the United States men who know their business are approach- ing the point where they "saturate" the soil with both lime and fertilizer. This does not mean, however, that a little fertilizer might not well be placed along the row to rive the young seedling a quick start, push it ahead of the weeds, and get its roots down deep where they can obtain what they need out of the soil. 44 45 When we think of vegetables and of corn and small-grains that are grown for certified seed the question arises as to where to place the extra fertilizer we need to use over and above the small amount we can place along the row. Thus the tomato planter, the corn planter, and the wheat drill do not meet the requirements for heavy applica- tions for these crops, and much of the along-the-row-fertilizer-dis- tributing machinery for vegetables is quite inadequate, except for the small amount of fertilizer required to start the seedlings off. The general tendency, therefore, is to place a good part of the fertilizer on top the plowed ground and disc it in, using the remainder of the fertilizer by this side-dressing procedure. Much of the fertilizer that is placed on top the ground and disced in becomes positionally un- available once dry weather sets in. The amount of fertilizer so ap- plied should be restricted to the quantity required to get the plants off to a quick start and, if possible, this fertilizer should be placed along the row. Subsequent side-dressings should be placed as deeply as possible, unless the soil is quite sandy and irrigation practices are being employed. More recently a great deal of interest has been aroused in three other fertilizer placements: 1. Broadcasting the fertilizer on top the ground before plowing. 2. Banding it on the bottoms of the furrows at plowing time. 3. Placing it in bands about 4 inches deep and 1 inches apart with a disc drill. Our experience to date is in favor of the disc-drill procedure. Fertilizer dropped on the bottom of the furrow seems to be a little too far removed from the roots of young plants to give quick-grow- ing vegetables the boost required. Applying the fertilizer on top the ground before plowing has so much to commend it both from the point of view of convenience and of its final location, once the plow- ing has been done, that it seems likely to become a widespread prac- tice. It is our opinion, however, that plowed-under, furrow-bottom, and deep disc-drill placements will tend to even-up in effectiveness on deeply-limed loam soils, if heavy rates of application of fertilizer are employed year after year. If the fertilizer is plowed under or placed on the bottom of the furrow at plowing time, it seems advisable to make an especial point to plow extra deeply from time to time in order to get the fertilizer residues that have been carried below the furrow bottom by the soil water back up into the seedbed. That's good practice, no matter what kind of placement is used. On very sandy soils, however, the best procedure so far discovered is to divide the total amount of fertilizer up into about half as many doses as there are weeks in the period of growth of the crop. If all of the fertilizer is put on at the start, the 46 crop suffers from alternate periods of gluttony and starvation. The only known means of evening up the supply of plant food on such soils is either by increasing the amount of organic matter in the soil to provide buffer and storage effects, or to make use of repeated small applications. In the latter case, irrigation is of special im- portance, since otherwise the material may lie too near the surface where it is not within reach of the roots. In lieu of irrigation the fertilizer should be placed in furrows the depth of which will de- pend on the distribution of the root system of the crop in question. More Than NPK Required by Plants The old NPK system of meeting the nutrient requirements of plants is coming under more critical scrutiny every year. A few years back almost everyone who was interested in fertilizers was concerned with the problem of testing out "double-strength" ferti- lizers against the old single-strength types. In many cases the double-strength grades were superior, especially on the heavier soils, on those that had been liberally limed, and on those that were in a high state of fertility, either naturally or as a result of the use of manure and fertilizers. Increased concentration in fertilizers finally arrives at the point that nothing remains except the N, P, and K, associated with the hydrogen and oxygen which enter into the formation of the mole- cules containing these elements. Thus one can use ammonium ni- trate instead of ammonium sulfate and eliminate the sulfur. Am- monium phosphate can be substituted for superphosphate with the elimination of both calcium and sulfur. Use of the 60-per cent grade of muriate of potash will do away with such impurities as sodium and magnesium salts. The final step consists in using potassium ni- trate or potassium phosphate and getting rid of the chlorine in the fertilizer. Each of these refinement processes tends to reduce the amounts of such elements as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, manga- nese, boron, copper, and zinc in the mixture. As the years have gone by, soils have grown older and fertilizers have become more con- centrated and, as a result, certain deficiencies have begun to show up, especially in the more badly leached soils in the eastern and southern states that are being intensively farmed. The substitution of the horse for the tractor, with the resulting loss of both manure and sod crops, has speeded up the process of exhaustion of the secondary elements in soils. The problem is now very troublesome on the sandier costal-plain soils that have very little storage capacity for the fertilizer elements. In our opinion, the following possibilities merit careful considera- tion: 1. Inclusion of not less than 5 pounds of borax in every ton of fertilizer. 47 2. Use of 40 to 50 pounds of soluble Mg per acre in all low pH soils growing potatoes more or less continuously. 3. Use of 50 pounds manganese sulfate on all heavily-manured, in- tensively-farmed market-garden soils. 4. Inclusion of a substantial amount of ordinary superphosphate or of calcium sulfate in most fertilizer mixtures. 5. Testing of dilute solutions of boron, manganese, and magne- sium in spray form on suspected crops and soils. 6. Occasional check-up on such elements as copper and zinc. G. L. F. Columbia Farm Products Cooperative, Inc Canning Plant Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania A FARMER-OWNED — OPERATED, AND — CONTROLLED COOPERATIVE, ENGAGED CHIEFLY IN THE MARKETING OF PRODUCTS OF ITS PATRONS. HARRIS SEEDS ARE GROWN BY PROGRESSIVE MARKET GARDENERS Have you a copy of our 1945 Market Growers and Florists Price List? It contains accurate descriptions of the newest and best vegetables and flowers. Send for it today JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Inc. MORETON FARM ROCHESTER Ih N. Y. Dont Watch The Clouds and Pray for Rain in the growing season Have a CALCO Portable Rainmaker and provide rain whenever and wherever you need it. Vegetables and fruits, clover and alfalfa, peas, beans, tomatoes, sweet corn and all row crops thrive mightily under Overhead Irriga- tion intelligently applied through the Calco Rainmaker. Get the benefits of brisk markets and high prices. Write us for Full Information and the name of your nearest dealer. California Corrugated Culvert Co. 7th & PARKER STREETS BERKELEY, CALIF. Tomato Variety and Strain Trials at State College — 1944 M. L. Odland* New Varieties. — The trials at State College included many new, un-tried, and in some cases un-named varieties as well as the varie- ties that are usually referred to as the **standard varieties." Early Red Cross, Alaska, and an un-named variety have been developed in Canada where the short season requires an extra-early variety. They proved interesting in that they produced a great number of fruit, in one instance, not unlike clusters of grapes. They are not, however, suited for commercial production in Pennsylvania. Volunteer, Sioux, Red Cloud and an un-named variety developed at the Massachusetts State College give promise as early varieties. Some of these are uniform ripening, that is, they do not have the dark green stem end which may remain green somewhat longer than the rest of the fruit. The three first named were developed in the mid-West. Tokalon, introduced from Birmingham, Alabama is a late high-yield- ing variety that was rated rather high in 1944. None of the above named varieties are being produced in quantity as yet, however, it is quite possible that certain of these will find a place in the list of recommended tomato varieties. Included in the trials were No. 170 and No. 178, two of D. R. Porter's selected strains. They produced a very good crop of good-sized to- matoes. These strains are uniform ripening and appear better as such than many of the uniform ripening varieties. The Standard Varieties. — In the late maturity class Rutgers has not been surpassed. It invariably produces greater yields of market- able fruit than other varieties. Its strong vine growth promotes pro- duction and tends to cut down the effects of certain diseases. A point in favor of Marglobe is the fact that it is slightly earlier. It cracks badly as a rule, otherwise, produces a good crop. Early canner, a recent introduction, has been found by some growers to be a good variety. It is in a maturity class between Rutgers and Marglobe, the color is good and production has been good. Garden State in a maturity class with Rutgers has produced well in the trials. The Pennred, a new late variety, was exceptionally free from fruit crack- ing in the trials, producing a good crop of stemless tomatoes. Stokesdale, Scarlet Dawn, Valiant, and Pritchard continue to perform very satisfactory, in a maturity class somewhat earlier than Marglobe. Early Market, in this same class, is being grown as a market tomato. * Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State College. 50 Hybrids. — A few years ago it was difficult to find anyone even in- terested in hybrid tomatoes, but today a real interest is shown by both growers and seedsmen. The writer has included a few hybrids in the trials each season. Invariably they have looked in comparison with standard varieties. In the 1944 trial 47.38, a hybrid between Rutgers and Scarlet Dawn, gave the best performance of anything in the test. Spartan hybrid did not do as good as the standard varie- ties. It should be pointed out that this last named hybrid was pro- duced for greenhouse use, where it performs very well, and it is not surprising that it is not suited for field production. As a matter of fact, there is a great difference between hybrids and experimental work will be required to determine which varieties, when crossed, will produce the superior hybrids. Such work is under way at The Penn- sylvania State College at the present time. Fairly complete hybrid test plots were conducted in 1944 and considerable information was obtained. Further study will be made in 1945. Only a very small amount of hybrid seed is available this season and this commands a good price. Production of hybrid seed is ex- pensive and this factor will determine, largely, whether or not grow- ers will be able to turn to hybrids for commercial large scale pro- duction. For Greater Profits PLANT CLICK'S Tomato Seed a Plants IMPROVED STRAINS — PENNSYLVANIA CERTIFIED Rutgers — Marglobe — Grothens — Pritchard Pan America and Colco (Pink) Globe SPECIAL MENTION OF A NEW LEADER EARLY CANNER Matures about a week earlier than Rutgers. When planted very early from well-grown plants it has produced large yields be- fore the rush of harvest season. Bushy, vigorous foliage protects the closely set clusters of fairly large, deep, firm, scarlet tomatoes. Small seed cavities and excellent flavor make it well suited to canning, especially strained prod- ucts. Has shown up particularly well in dry weather. ONLY A LIMITED SUPPLY AVAILABLE Advise quantity needed. Particulars free. CLICK'S SEED FARMS CLICK'S PLANT FARMS SMOKETOWN. LANCASTER COUNTY. PENNA 51 specialization is the Key to Efficiency 1945 Calls for tomatoes of high production and high quality. These factors start with finely bred tomato seed. Tomato Plants grown from Stokes Tomato seed offer an assurance of production and quality. Our two- generation-per-year breeding program is at your service. ^ FRANCIS C. STOKES, LTD Breeders and Growers of Fine Tomato Seed VINCENTOWN, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. TMI MARK. Of TMI BliT STORES TOMATO ^EEiy PRODUCING SINCE 1882 VALIANT STOKESDALE MASTER MARGLOBE RUTGERS Direct Seeding of Tomatoes ROSCOE FRASER* For the last fifteen years canning tomatoes have been grown in Indiana commercially by planting the seed directly into the field where the tomatoes are to be grown. Each year direct seeding is becoming more popular because many yields have equaled or sur- passed those on fields grown with transplants. Last year William Stubblefield, won the Indiana U. S. Tomato Club Championship by growing twenty tons per acre on 5.18 acres which tested 86.3% U. S. No. I's. His tomatoes were direct seeded on a clover sod which had been heavily manured and fertilized with 400 pounds of 2-16-8 put on with a corn planter ahead of the two small seed drills fastened to the planter. Tomato growers who have successfully used the direct seeding method claim the following advantages: (1) Generally lower cost per acre; (2) less trouble with disease; (3) deeper tap root system; (4) saves long transportation (which is detrimental to the plants); (5) generally better stands; (6) quite often higher yield and better quality; (7) the grower is not dependent upon others to grow and transport plants; (8) seeding finished before corn planting time; (9) the tomatoes crack less in wet weather; (10) plants stand dry weather better; (11) the vines seem to hold their leaves longer and are freer of blight, as is also usually the case with late-set fields; (12) fresh plants can be taken from the direct seeding for replants in the same field if replanting is necessary; (13) very desirable source of plants for setting late field or replanting; and (14) saves hauling of plants and planters from factory. Observations of growers and fieldmen indicate the principal dis- advantages of direct seeding to be: (1) Difficulties in getting the plants up; (2) competition of weeds; (3) the work of blocking out the plants; (4) lack of seeding equipment to properly place both seed and fertilizer; (5) lack of experience on part of the growers; (6) dis- couragement of growers because plants are only one to two inches high at the time six to ten inch transplants are being set out; (7) ne- cessity of thinning plants at proper time; and (8) not suitable for soils of poor fertility or hard clay soils. Best results have been obtained on fields with a high percentage of organic matter so that there is as little tendency to crust over as possible. Clover sod, deep fall plowed has given the highest yields. To help avoid diseases the field should not have been in tomatoes for at least four years. ♦Tomato Specialist, Puidue University, Layafette, Ind. 53 READING BONE FERTILIZER CO. READING. PA. Manufacturers of "QUALITY FERTILIZERS" for Vegetable Crops Distributors of "DOW Spray Materials" li "There is no place like HOLMES for SEEDS" Write for free catalog — a complete list of vegetable and flower seeds, including special strains. The Holmes Seed Company SEED GROWERS Dept. T Canton 2, Ohio Courtesy GREENCASTLE PACKING CO, GREENCASTLE PENNSYLVANIA B. MEIER & SON, Inc. FOOD BROKERS Representing some of America's finest canners. REPRESENTATION FOR ONE OR TWO REPUTABLE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 209 Bronx Terminal Market New York 5L New York Most growers drill one pound of high germinating seed per acre, one-half to three-fourths inch deep. Seeds should be about one inch apart. Seeding should be done from April 25 to May 10. The most satisfactory method of sowing the seed is the use of two garden seeders, fastened behind a corn planter in order that the seed may be planted directly above fertilizer which the corn planter applies in bands. The fertilizer should be placed three to five inches deep in the soil. Many growers are using furrow openers on the corn planter, in dry seasons, so that the seed will be in contact with moist soil and still permit shallow planting. Special tomato seed plates for corn planters have been developed and are sometimes used; however with this method failures are more common. Where fertilizer is put on at the same time, the tendency is to get the seeds too deep because fertilizer should be drilled in a single band three to five inches below the surface of the ground. Four or five hundred pounds of fertilizer to the acre applied with a corn planter can be used with safety if it is placed deep in the soil. If you have a fertilizer attachment for a corn cultivator, a 200-pound application of fertilizer can be made a week or two after the plants are blocked out. The fertilizer analysis to be used can best be suggested by the soil analysis and crop history of the field. The soil testing can be made by your County Extension Office or a fertilizer company. Cultivate with a rotary hoe or a harrow to kill weeds when tomato seeds begin to sprout. Use the rotary hoe again to break the crust if plants cannot get through the ground. Cultipackers will also break the crust and in addition, in dry sea- sons will improve the stand by compacting the soil around the seeds. Many successful growers have cultivated the tomatoes with a rotary hoe until the plants get three or four inches high. If an extra heavy stand of plants is secured, set the rotary hoe deep to help thin out plants. As soon as possible the plants should be cultivated with a corn cultivator. Use a beet-type side hoe next to the row until the final thinning. Shallow cultivation is the best for direct seeded tomato plants, for deep cultivation will injure roots and reduce the yield. Many growers cultivate the plants twice with a corn cultivator before blocking out. An even stand of plants may be thinned by cross cultivation with a corn cultivator — then finished with a hand hoe. In any event, plants should be blocked out by the time they are six to eight inches high. This gives the plants plenty of air circulation and helps prevent dis- ease. Plants should be spaced 3i feet apart in the row. 55 NO WORRY ABOUT STAND WITH THIS RUNNER-TYPE PLANTER If you want a runner type Planter that will plant rows of any particular spacing RIGHT UP TO THE END OF THE FIELD— then you want to try an Oliver 1095 Mounted Planter on that new lit- tle "world of power," the Oliver "70" Tractor. You will find the Oliver method of midship mounting a real ad- vantage. Your Planter is right in front of you where, without turn- ing or twisting out of your form- fitting cushion seat, you can watch every operation. Oliver Planters follow the con- tour of the ground — plant accu- rately at an even depth on uneven as well as level ground, even in tough soil. THINK of the sort of job you want YOUR planter to do — of the sort of field it is going to have to operate in. Talk to Oliver Owners and find out how Oliver Planters are performing for them. This Planter can be equipped with both the regular corn and cotton planter and the planter with twin inclined plates in each hopper for special planting of sor- ghum, Mio Maize, peas, various types of beans, peanuts, etc. THE OLIVER CORP HARRISBURG, PENNA. If there are plants missing in the direct seeded field, use fresh plants taken from the thick places for resetting. When these plants are used, take as much soil as possible with the roots in order to get as many undisturbed roots as possible. If flea beetles are present it is best to delay thinning until the plants are at least five inches high. Flea beetles can be controlled by a Cryolite dust. A fairly large acreage can be handled by small hand garden dusters. After plants are blocked out, handle them the same as set plants, but never cultivate them deeply. An experienced Indiana Canner says "Have patience and faith with direct seeding and you will be handsomely rewarded. Do not worry if you do not get a stand until June 1. Seed will remain in the ground six weeks and still come up when moisture is sufficient." Dusting with a Knapsack Duster I II Suggestions for Controlling Tomato Insects J. O. Pepper* Insect control is an important factor in the production of tomatoes on a commercial scale. Only a small number of insects attack this crop but they can cause considerable damage when left go uncon- trolled. Cutworms Several species of cutworms occur in Pennsylvania. They are most abundant in sod land or fields that have a heavy weed growth. The most practical control is the use of poison bran bait before the plants are set in the field. Formula Coarse flaked bran 100 pounds Paris green or white arsenic or Sodium fluosilicate 4 pounds Cheap molasses 2 gallons Water about 15 gallons Mixing directions: (1) Mix thoroughly while dry the poison and the bran (2) dilute the molasses in about 10 gallons of water (3) and slowly the liquid mixture to the poison bran mixture while stir- ring continuously. The mixture should finally be a flaky, crumbly mass. Do not add an excess of water to make the mixture sloppy. Time to apply bait: The field should have been plowed and left idle for a few days. The bait should then be applied 2 or 3 days be- fore the plants are to be set in the field. The application should be made in the late afternoon so that the bait will remain moist and attractive over night. Cutworm activity is greatest during night time. Method and amount to use: The most practical method of apply- ing the bait is to broadcast it by hand. The average person will use 20 or more pounds to cover one acre of ground. Care of bait: It is poisonous to man and animals. If it should be necessary to store the bait for a few hours before using, place it where children, irresponsible persons and animals cannot get hold of it. When properly made and thinly broadcast over fields the bait has not proven harmful to birds or large animals that may happen to be in such fields. Fleabeetles The adults of fleabeetles are tiny dark colored beetles that jump like fleas when disturbed. They can severely injure newly set to- mato plants by their feeding on the foliage. * Extension Entomologist, The Pennsylvania State College. 58 Control: (1) Home grown plants produced in flats can be sprayed in the flats 2 or 3 days before transplanting and this will give the plants some protection after they are set in the field. Use 4 pounds of either lead arsenate or calcium arsenate or 6 pounds of cryolite in each 100 gallons of spray. When an insecticide is usee;! alone some kind of a wetting and sticking agent should be used. Such materials ar6 sold under several trade names or soybean flour can be used at the rate of i pound in 100 gallons of spray. The arsenicals may be combined with fungicides but the cryolite should not be combined with any material that requires lime in the combination. (2) for ship- ped plants or those that have been pulled for a few days and have not been treated, a dust application on the foliage at planting time is suggested. A good dust is one containing equal parts of lime and either calcium or lead arsenate. Also a 50 per cent cryolite dust has given good results. The plants should be spread apart as much as possible so that a good coverage of the foliage can be obtained. Lime cannot be used as a diluent with cryolite. (3) The adult fleabeetles usually exist over a long period of time. After the plants are set in the field 5 to 7 days usually new growth can be seen. If fleabeetles are still abundant the plants should be dusted with either a calcium or lead arsenate dust or a 50 per cent cryolite dust to protect them from injury. (4) direct seeding of tomatoes in the field seems to be gaining in popularity. Fleabeetles usually start feeding on the plants when they are in the two leaf stage. As soon as the plants are up they should be dusted with a calcium or lead arsenate dust or a 50 per cent cryolite dust and the application repeated at 5 to 7 day in- tervals until the heavy fleabeetle attack is over. Aphids For the past few years spotty infestations of aphids on tomatoes have appeared usually during the month of July. It is the same aphid that occurs on roses and potatoes. It is definitely not the same one that occurs on peas. Aphid populations increase rapidly and severe damage can occur on plants within a few days time. Control: A spray containing 1 pint of nicotine sulphate and 2 pounds of potash fish oil soap in 100 gallons of water has proven very effec- tive. Tomato Hornworm This insect has caused injury in some sections of the state. The worms usually go unnoticed until they are almost fully developed and have done most of their damage. Some tomato growers have kept this insect under control by hand picking them. A dust using calcium arsenate undiluted has given good control. A spray using 10 pounds of lead arsenate plus some wetting agent in 100 gallons of water has proven effective. Ripening fruits that have been either dusted or sprayed should be washed before they are consumed. 59 i 'f Difficulties in controlling tomato insects: It is almost impossible to use large dusters or sprayers in tomato fields due to width of rows. Therefore in dusting the material is usually applied by hand dusters or airplane. Some growers have used large sprayers. In such cases fairly long leads of spray hose are used so as to cover good distances of area on each side of the machine. A multiple type nozzle is used mostly for applying the spray material. Compliments INDEPENDENT MANUFACTURING CO FERTILIZERS WHEATSHEAF LANE FRANKFORD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania GROWER TO CONSUMER Our policy for over fifty years The consumer is quality and grade conscious and through our 2000 stores we offer a desirable out- let and a direct connecting link between the grower and the consumer for quality products. WE ARE IN THE MARKET FOR GOOD QUALITY, WELL GRADED PENNSYLVANIA FARM PRODUCTS— Wrile« wire or telephone your offerings. AMERICAN STORES CO. ACME SUPER MARKETS 424 North 19th St., Philadelphia 30, Penna. Telephone LOCust 4000 I A Beautiful Field of Staked Tomatoes This field of tomatoes was grown here in New England; a sight to warm the heart, so clean, orderly and prolific it was. The grower was proud of it, and we felt that we could share his pride, for the variety was Scarlet Dawn which we bred some years ago and which received the All America Gold Medal. It is an early variety, earlier than either of its parents, which were Clark's Early and Marglobe. The fruits are medium large, globe-shaped smooth, meaty, and very attractive in color and appearance in the lug, as they run quite uniform under proper growing conditions. Scarlet Dawn seed, like all Asgrow Seeds, is sold through local dealers. If you cannot easily get supplies, let ue know and we shall be gldd to send you the name of the nearest source. ASSOCIATED SEED GROWERS, INC. Breeders and growers of vegetable seeds since 1856 MILFORD. CONN. 60 Better Tomato Plants and Production Practices V. A. TIEDJENS Tomato plants grow best on sandy to light loam soils which are well drained, contain a liberal supply of lime and organic matter and are underlain with an open subsoil that will permit ready pene- tration of roots to depths of 3 feet or more. This is a big order since many of our soils do not meet those qualifications in their present state. Many of the soils that lack certain characteristics can be made desirable by cultural practices. The first problem is to have good plants. If you buy southern- grown plants you usually take what you can get. Some years they are better than you can grow. Other years they are not very good. Southern-grown plants are usually taller than is necessary and in good soil they should be set at least 2 inches deeper or even more than they were in the plant bed. They should be set with a trans- planting solution. If you use a high analysis fertilizer, mix 2 to 3 pounds in 50 gallons of water. If you use a regular fertilizer you may have to use 5 to 6 pounds. If you grow your own plants, strive to grow the ideal plant. Such plants should be stock with strong leaves, dark green in color, which do not wilt easily. Such plants can be grown in flats. The soil, pref- erably a sandy loam that drains readily, should be supplied with limestone to give a liberal supply of calcium. Don't use too much water or they will grow too fast and get spindly and soft. Grow them slowly with as little water as possible to keep the stems firm. Feed them with a transplanting solution if they stop growing or if the leaves turn yellow. Three days before you set them in the field, soak the soil in the flat with a transplanting solution. Field soil preparation depends on what you start with. Animal ma- nure can do your plants much good. If you have limestone soil you may not need lime. A half ton after plowing is usually enough. Acid soils need liming material, and part of this lime should be put on before plowing. It will help to condition the subsoil so that the roots will penetrate the subsoil. If the soil is strongly acid at least a ton of pulverized limestone or hy- drated lime should be plowed under and a ton of limestone should be put on after plowing. It is better to use limestone on the top after plowing. The fertilizer should be broadcast before plowing if you use more than 800 pounds per acre. Or if you have a disc drill it can be put on after plowing, but it should be placed as deep as possible. The kind of fertilizer depends on whether you use manure or not. A fertilizer that has a 1-2-1 or 1-3-1 ratio is usually better to use with 62 QUALITY ALWAYS PAYS! F For extra yields and^ quality^ use Agrico— ^ specially formulated for each crop. And^ when you need Super-] phosphate, ask for 18%^ NORMAL — it's more economical. Manufac-j tured only by The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Baltimore, Md. Buffalo, N. Y. Carteret, N. J. 7ac AGRICO Ps (d 2* *i td (d tJ > s U JO OS* 0) a> >l (d •o •M M m < < o Eh 00 CSI o CO -^ N »-9 CO CO o Oi o CO Oi OS Oi 00 Oi to CO o CO Oi CO o in CO CO CO uo CO o CO cd.)i5 ^ >» coo CO 00 05 CSI CM UO 00 CSI T-l CO 00 '-H 05 coo t«-co 4^ ooo CM CM CO CO 00 00 lA 4«- COO t*o Tt»§ Cd ^ o^ Cd S.S^-S oo SOT C ^ ^ »H Cd "H w *j ►>> jH cd 13 T3 ;ii-?5 (1> *^ o PL, H C<) c3>5-^ SOT C^l 4^ a£ S^d C> O L^^ OT a; ^ o S3't3 Cd s i-H J_, Cd ^ CO 73 J j^l ^ A •• Discussion and Conclusions In trials at State College, Pennheart has yielded very heavily; especially in the early season. Reports indicate that it has been pro- ductive as an early variety elsewhere in the state. At times, how- ever, growers have found production to be rather poor and the fruit to be mis-shaped. In general, the reports suggest that the variety required fertile soil and certain growers are of the opinion that nitrogen supply is important. This may be due partially to the fact that the plantings are usually set out early when nitrogen tends to be unavailable to the plants. It would seem advisable to test the variety out in a small way and then if it proves suitable to increase the size of the planting. The returns obtained at State College are, probably in excess of what would be expected as a rule; the data indicate, how- ever, that under the right conditions, especially when planted early, it may prove to be a very profitable variety. It is not a canning variety. The variety appears to be finding a place in other states as well as Pennsylvania, namely, California and the New England states. The interplanting of Pennheart and a large vined main crop variety gives promise as a method of increasing yields per acre. In a trial in Virginia (4), Rutgers produced when interplanted as well as when planted alone, and the yield on the interplanted plots were sixty-one percent greater than on plots planted to Rutgers alone. Since weather conditions were unfavorable, the tests at Sate College, relative to in- terspacing, are inadequate for definite conclusions. Literature Cited 1. Myers C. E.—The Pennheart Tomato. The Pennsylvania State College. Bui. 438. January 1943. 2. Unpublished data. The Pennsylvania State College. 3. Odland, M. L., and Others. — Tomato Variety and Strain Trials. Paper No 1203. Journal Series, Pennsylvania State Agricultural Experiment Station. 4. Parker, M. M. and Ridgway, H. W.— Interplanting Early and Late Toma- toes. Mimeo. No. 25601. Va. A. & M. Col. and Poly. Inst. OUR HYBRID SWEET CORN SEED IS BRED AND PRODUCED IN THE NORTHEAST BY US FOR NORTHEASTERN GROWERS ROBSON SEED FARMS Box P. Hall N. Y. 1945 FARM AND GARDEN SEED CATALOGUE READY JANUARY Ist. WRITE FOR YOUR COPY TODAY. k U I ¥ New designs, new pumps, many improvements are in store for buyers of Myers Sprayers. Ask your Myers dealer about the stepped-up capacities and advanced construc- tion features that will be offered for faster, more efficient spraying with substantial savings in labor. Also talk with him about your pres- ent sprayer needs and the many advantages provided in the com- plete Myers line of row crop and orchard sprayers now available. NEW DESIGNS NEW TYPES MORE SPEED GREATER COVERAGE LESS MANPOWER EXCLUSIVE FEATURES IMPROVED PUMPS HIGH PRESSURES INCREASED CAPACITY 74 THE F. E. MYERS & BRO CO. Dcpt. A-124. Ashland. Ohio *i Mechanical Tomato Harvesting G. E. Miller, Assistant County Agent Before the year 1943 closed, John Gibble,, Myerstown R-2, was making plans to increase his tomato acreage to 18 for the coming year. He had a good yield of tomatoes on his 12-acre field in '43—153 tons, but the cry for more tomatoes was being echoed through the Lebanon Valley to supply the growing demand for food; so Mr. Gibble planned to increase his acreage. Now, growing 18 acres of tomatoes brings up a lot of problems— distributing baskets, supply- ing the pickers with drinking water, supervising the pickers, getting the full baskets out to the truck and loading them for transportation. Oh, yes, what about pickers? School children, ranging in age from 10 to 16, seemed to be the only available help, and for them to lug the heavy baskets of tomatoes was just too much to expect. These problems were in John's mind when I met him one after- noon last January to discuss plans for building a tomato harvester. After considering various designs we decided to build a double- conveyor type of harvester as pictured above. Starting with a stripped, long wheel-base truck, the jack shaft was shortened and an extra four-speed transmission, with power- take-off unit was installed. A T channel iron, 7' long was bolted across the under side of the truck frame to support the conveyors, elevators, and mast posts. Each conveyor is IT long and is of "box" type con- struction. The front board is 12" wide, the rear 8", the center board 6" and the bottom 8". A 5 J" two ply elevator belt with flights spaced 33" apart runs on 3i" diameter wooden pulleys on each end of the conveyor. The pulley on the outer end is adjustable to take up the slack of the belt. The pulley shaft on the end nearest the truck turns in long bearings which also act as a hinge to permit the raising and lowering of the conveyors. At the truck end of the conveyors, eleva- tors of similar construction with sides 12" high and flights 6" apart and 3" high are used. The belt adjustment is made on the lower end of each elevator. A padded, metal, basketing chute is placed be- tween the upper ends of the two elevators. The truck box is 7' x 12' and has side boards designed for pyramid type loading. The main drive sprocket is mounted on an extension shaft at the power take-off unit and roller chain goes from this point under the right side of truck frame to right conveyor sprocket then up along the side of the right elevator to the elevator sprocket and down to the drive sprocket. The power take-off shaft has a speed of 34 R.P.M. and no gear reduction is necessary. The two elevators are held apart at the top by a sheet of metal plate on which is mounted a gear cluster to drive the left elevator and conveyor in a counter direction. A gear is mounted on each elevator shaft 76 Double Conveyor Type Tomato Harvester Operating in 18-Acre Field on John Gibble's Lebanon County Farm. Conveyors are Easily Adjusted to Meet Transportation and Picking Conditions. with two idler gears between them. A roller chain from the top left elevator shaft runs to a sprocket on the left conveyor shaft and returns. The mast pipes are T high with a sheave in the top. A 1 cable runs from a wench mounted on the side of the pipe over the sheave and out to a bale located 4' from the outer end of the convey- or. This cable carries the weight of the conveyor and permits raisins or lowering. ^ The bumper was removed from the front of the truck and in its place a 5" channel iron T long was bolted. A "pull'' pipe with a swiyeled connection was bolted to the end of the new bumper and angled outward so that the other end of the pipe could be connected to the front side of the conveyor about 8' from the truck. The point of connection on the bumper must be on a level with the conveyor arive shaft and the same distance from the center of the truck. 77 V Women and Children Like the Picking Machine Because it Eliminates Heavy Lifting. Tomatoes from Both Elevators are Emptied Into One Basket. Uniform Quality is Insured with One Supervisor for All Pickers. The generator pulley was replaced with a much smaller one so that the generator would charge at idle speed. The harvester travels 15' per minute at its lowest gearing, which we feel is too fast for 78 I •i J heavy pickings and the installation of a transmission with more gearing will replace the extra one now in the harvester. Now we have it built— How does it work! Mr. Gibble sets his plants 3' apart in the row with rows 5' apart. The truck straddles one row and the conveyors spread over four rows on each side of the har- vester. Four pickers walk behind each conveyor, pick the ripe fruit and place it on the conveyor belt. That's all! The conveyors carry the tomatoes to the elevators, the elevators take them up on the truck and they roll down the chute into the basket. When the basket is full it is on the harvester! When the harvester is full the "hauling" truck is backed up to the endgate and the baskets transferred. In heavy pickings two extra pickers were placed ahead of each con- veyor. Let's go back to those problems and see how well this machine solved them. There was no problem of basket distribution — they were all on the harvester. The water jug was on the harvester so there was no need of running all over the field from picker to picker to quench thirsty mouths. No carrying of full baskets across the vines and boosting them up on the truck, when they were full they were on the truck. Children were used as pickers and they were all in one place picking— not throwing. The biggest problem of all- supervision— was very easily handled. Mr. Gibble was on the har- vester basketing the tomatoes and from that position he could see every picker and the quality of tomatoes he was picking. That meant something — no culls. What happened to the row the truck straddled? The tomatoes were picked ahead of the harvester in the usual manner. You may also want to know why we chose a double-conveyor type harvester; two reasons (1) The truck is balanced arid can get over wet soil conditions better. (2) More convenient to handle. (Telephone wires, poles fences, trees, etc. still exist.) Because of unfavorable tomato growing weather, John's yield averaged about half that of last year but his grade was better and no culls. The pickers liked this new way of picking the tomatoes and averaged between seven and eight baskets per hour. Remember these were school children. To transport the tomatoes from the harvester to shipping station a truck with a bed design d for pyramid type loading is used. The bed IS 7 X 12' with sides 8" and 8" flare boards— same design as the one used on the harvester. The loading starts with 60 baskets on the bottom tier (6 wide and 10 long) with 18 baskets on the flares. Second tier 45 baskets— 5 wide and 9 long with 20 baskets on the flares. The bottoms of the second tier of baskets resting on the top rims of 4 lower baskets. Third tier 40 baskets, 4 wide and 10 long, with 18 on flares. Fourth tier 27 baskets, 3 wide and 9 long, with 20 on flares.- 79 i! I Gear Cluster at Top of Elevator Provides Counter Rotation for Elevator and Conveyor of Left Side of Harvester. Roller Chain on Left is Main Drive. Shield is Removed, i^^j0 jf '"''^^^ Pyramid Type Loading Saves Time and Labor. Fifth tier 20 baskets 2 wide and 10 long, with 18 baskets on flares- making a total load of 286 baskets. With this type of load no boards are needed between tiers and no side racks are needed. The truck can be pulled along side of the car door and there is no carrying of baskets from front to back as in endgate unloading. 80 iiia LUMBER AND LABOR SCARCE! PROTECT WOOD duc/reDUrf^JJf/^' ^^f'^^^-l'^a* **•*"» ^"^ Cuprinol to stop rot and re- yefrs amo,^o"?i^r'^ "P"'"' f-Prinol has a successful rewrd of many IslM ^"°«9™"Jtet growers and nurserymen in Denmark and the British coHeges here ^''^^""^^ly »««*«d a«d it^ value proven by agrf~ltu«l wo Jd nrr.2^"^'"'"''*xl ""** '*''<»' «'^«'<:e' Cuprinol meets a demand for a M snrf J r ^■'"'f .'*''*''°"* *°'''<= *"'««* *hat is easily applied byWh dip or spray. Cuprmol treated wood is completely harmless to plant^ l^il^^Z When painting, use Cuprinol as a priming coat for it gives protection which paint alone cannot give, be- cause Cuprinol penetrates the fi- bres and leaves a lasting metal residue — non visible but effective. Averages 400 sq. ft. of wood to the gallon, brush applied. Write for information, prices, and names of distributors. CUPRINOL, Inc.. 33 Spring Lane. Boston 9. Mass. *1 V'M 'M li » M 1 I i )j Gear Clusler at Top of Elevator Provides Counter Rotation for Elevator and Conveyor of Left Side of Harvester. Roller Chain on Left is Main Drive. Shield is Removed. Pyramid Type Loading Saves Time and Labor. Fifth tier 20 baskets 2 wide and 10 long, with 18 baskets on flares- making a total load of 286 baskets. With this type of load no boards are needed between tiers and no side racks are needed. The truck can be pulled along side of the car door and there is no carrying of baskets from front to back as in endgate unloading. 80 LUMBER AND LABOR SCARCE! PROTECT WOOD With du« «tul?f^' "V^' s*fkes-treat them with Cuprinol to stop rot and te- years amon^Z?!^?"'' '^P''"' C^P^nol has a successful record of many Isles irh=f ^ *?'**'?'*7 '"** nurserymen in Denmark and the British coUeges htle extensively tested and its value proven by agricultural vfoIdtlLZ'^V'"^^^ ^""* ^=''«" ^'^^'ce- Cuprinol meets a demand for a OT snrf J r ^■**''f .'^**''°V* *°''''= *""'es that is easily applied by brush dip or spray. Cuprmol treated wood is completely harmless to plant^s aSei^ When painting, use Cuprinol as a priming coat for it gives protection which paint alone cannot give, be- cause Cuprinol penetrates the fi- bres and leaves a lasting metal residue — non visible but effective. Averages 400 sq. ft. of wood to the gallon, brush applied. Write for information, prices, and names of distributors. CUPRINOL. Inc., 33 Spring Lane. Boston 9, Mass. Delivery of Tomatoes by Appointment E. W: Monteir There is no cure-all which will enable a grower to deliver all of his tomatoes just as they ripen and just when he chooses to deliver them. If a plan is offered whereby through a little trouble and ex- pense, sufficient time and money can be saved to more than off-set the effort and expense, then it is worthwhile. How is the appointment plan operated? 1. Deliveries are estimated one and two days in advance and divid- ed into the number of hours the cannery will operate. 2. As growers apply for appointments by phone or when making deliveries, they are given a time for delivery nearest that which | they request. Advantage can be taken of night telephone rates as I clerks are on duty from opening time in the morning until 8:00 p. m. f 2. Time is allowed in every hour for those who fail or do not care I to schedule deliveries. The system is voluntary and if there are i those who prefer to deliver without scheduling, they may do so. I 4. By not scheduhng each hour fully, it is also possible in most cases to take care of those who have had difficulty in keeping ap- pointments and who have phoned in asking for a new time. I 5. Growers' truck license numbers are used for identification a' grower can use as many trucks as he likes but appointments for the I same truck can be made only at intervals that round trips can be made. J What are the benefits to the tomato grower of the appointment • plan? J 1. The grower saves time. Some growers claim that on the average,' their trucks took one-half the time to make deliveries as in former ^ years. j 2. The growers save gasoline and wear and tear. One grower who' kept records stated that in previous years he had allowed 20 gal- lons of gas per trip for his truck, while last year it took only 9i gal- lons. The starting and stopping in a long line of trucks causes severe wear on truck clutches and gears. 3. Those growers who drive their own trucks have more time at home when delivering on schedule, to direct the activities of their farms. 4. Better utilization of the trucks for hauling other produce or commodities can be made when full use of the appointment plan is made. Ney^Jer^^^' Agricultural Department, Campbell Soup Company, Camden, 82 Is the appointment plan helpful to the processor? We say yes and the following are our reasons: 1. Dehveries can be spread more uniformly during the hours when the plant operates. 2. The processor is better able to predict the heavy and light de- livery periods. 4. Improved Grower and Processor relations. What are the faults of the system? 1. It is difficult for the grower to determine when his load will be ready. Rain and labor are sometimes unpredictable. 2. The rate of ripening is governed by weather conditions, and often the grower has more or less than he anticipated. 3. It isn't always possible to get appointments at the most con- venient time. 4. When the glut occurs it may not be possible to deliver as many loads of tomatoes per day as the grower wishes. 5. Sometimes through break-downs or other conditions which cause slow-down of factory operations, it is impossible to keep up with the schedule. 6. If the quality of the tomatoes is such as to require more trimming than was expected when the schedule was set up, delay will occur. The purpose of this article has been to point out the good and bad points of the appointment plan for the delivery of tomatoes to the canning plants. If the plan is approached with the proper viewpoint and not considered as something magical that will cure all the dis- appointments which are inherent with the marketing of any perish- able crop, then it will be realized that it is helpful and a step in the right direction. Compliinents of F. W. TUNNELL & COMPANY, INC. 15 North Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers of ANIMAL FERTILIZERS MATTLR *7Jie ^^uhnced Aalicn plan/ lood ■-\\ % • 1 .'t i "■'II 'm '."I 83 I89S Jllk^ b^:^j-j 1945 T • • • ■ ■ ^ An N 1 V E rsa^ DURING the last half century, V-C scientific research and V-C cre- ative enterprise have constantly- tested and developed new methods and new materials to bring more and more crop-producing power to the farms of increasing thousands of V-C customers. Today V-C Fertilizers contain 48% more plantfood than in 1895. They are more economical . . . more efficient. They are produced with one aim— to make farming a bet- ter-paying business. Today V-C Fer- tilizers are helping to grow Victory Crops. Tomorrow, when Victory is won, V-C experience and V-C mod- ern pioneering will continue to pro- vide a better and better V-C Fer- tilizer for every crop on every soil on every farm. 1 • VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CORPORATIOIP Baltimore, Md. Carteret, N. J. ^■. > ii 4 FLEX-O-SEAL Portable Pressure Tight Irrigation Pipe • • • Protects and Improves High, Value Crops Reinforced Male End Heavy Pipe Coupling Showing Flexibility of Pipe Joint Distributed by EDWARD J. FLEMING. ANDALUSIA PA How Well Supplied With Vegetables Are We? Warren B. Mack* During the war years, nobody has been very greatly concerned by annual forecasts of crop production which will set new records. The commercial grower has looked amiably upon the home gardener, and in many instances has served as chairman of the local or county Victory Garden committee, with the expectation that Victory Gar- dens would increase the consumption of vegetables and thereby en- large the market for them after the war ends. Most vegetable growers and dealers, moreover, have noted that city and suburban dwellers who have home gardens usually are larger users and better purchas- ers of vegetables than are those who have not developed an appre- ciation of these products through first-hand experience with their production. Some commercial vegetable growers, however, look upon the home gardener as a competitor in a limited market, and fear that great surpluses of vegetables will prevail after the war, if present produc- tion, both commercial and home, continues. They remember that, even during the war, certain markets have been glutted at the peak of the season. They point out that the doubling of national vegetable acreage during the interval between the two World Wars resulted in many marketing problems. They should remember, however, that most of these marketing problems met with reasonably satisfactory solutions, and along with increased acreage came a greater consumption of health-giving vege- tables. How Great is Our Capacity for Vegetable Consumption? If we consider the relations of vegetable consumption and price during the period between wars, we may conclude that a further increase in consumption might readily be brought about through increased output, though it might be necessary to reduce prices through greater efficiency and economy in production. This judg- ment, however, would necessarily be based on economic conditions which prevailed during a period which has ended. Probably a better basis for our estimate of the ultimate capacity for vegetable con- sumption is to be found in our requirements for good nutrition, rather than past economic experience. Evidence from Pennsylvania Mass Studies in Human Nutrition The Ellen H. Richards Institute of The Pennsylvania State Col- lege, a Department of the College devoted to research on human * Head, Department of Horticulture, The Penni^lvania State College. 85 'M I I I « nutrition, clothing, and shelter, has accumulated observations on tne tood habits and nutritional status (health, physical and physio- iogical functions related to nutrition) of more than 10,000 persons Chosen by a sampling method to represent proportionately the vari- ous age, income, occupational, educational, racial, and geographical groups in the state, studied during the past 10 years. In general, in- dividuals or families were not among the best in their nutritional status unless their dietaries included, among other food groups the servings listed below. s H , "it; TABLE I Pennsylv(mia Mass Studies in Human Nutntion Show That Each Person Needs Daily for Best Health These Fruit and Vegetable Servings 1 Tomato or Citrus Fruit 1 Green or Leafy Vegetable (greens, broccoli, lettuce, celery spinach, green beans and peas, cabbage, mus- tard, etc.) 1 Yellow Vegetable (carrots, yellow sweet corn, sweet potatoes, winter squash and pumpkin, yellow tur- nips, rutabagas, wax beans, etc.) 2 other Fruits or Vegetables, apples, peaches, cucum- bers, melons, onions, white turnips, and others) V '^^'^ Jist differs only a little from the recommendations of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research SuncTnameW ot'o^anXr ''''-' '' ''''' "^^ ^^"- vegetabtTatkerTht Doubtless each vegetable grower has seen such a list before and £rt aTpltTeTr^m -?- t^^^^^^^^ r- sare^p-i^^^ ~- Of in''t:^s'oi7:^:',:l^^^^^^^^ °f Pennsylvania, and with estimated S?i"d i'sST^^^^^^^ '''"''' preparation for eating Acrea Js fo^^qil f ' ^'^^"bution, and including vegetables both f!./ ^''^ ^'"°'" ^''OP forecasts, ng vegetables both for canning and for fresh market lo summarize, if each person in our state atP aii +v,^ 1 , , and fruits he should for best health more thL tf ^ vegetables be needed than are produced in the state O? r^ ^" ""^"^ ^°"'^ ported from other spates, but "some lo.- pariTcuirrWTh: '" '"; products, are marketed elsewhere. Panicuiarly the canned In other words, surpluses which have occurred in times past are market surpluses, and not excesses above our basic needs. Their elimination is a problem in distribution, and should be solved by improvements in distribution, not by restrictions on production TABLE II Pennsylvania Acreages in Certain Groups of Fruits and Vegetables Compared With Those Needed for Best Nutrition of Her Population m Group of Fruits OR Vegetables Green and Leafy Vegetables Yellow Vegetables Tomatoes Other Vegetables Pennsylvania Fruits Potatoes Total ' Pennsylvania* Acres^ Acreage, 1944 Required For Serving^ Each Person 41,500 27,500 37,000 7,000 196,000 176,000 485,000 155.000 100,000 65,000 25,000 130,000 360,000 230,000 1,065,000 Once daily Once daily Juice bi-weekly Fruit bi-weekly Once daily Once daily Daily ' Estimated. * Computed from present yields of most important crops of each type and from estimated percentages of waste in distribution and preparation for the table. 'Servings are the usual portions (3 to 5 ounces) allowed by nutritionists per person, except tomato juice, where 6 ounces were taken as a portion. GROWING TOMATOEsIn ALLEGHENY COUNTY— Continued from page thirty-three About July 1 the tomato fields are mulched with wheat straw, using 2 to fn iuT ?^^^^u- ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^P^^^^ evenly over ground and packed close U„?u^i ^^- The advantages of mulching are as following: Vigorous plant growth because of moisture conservation in dry weather. Less root damage Dy late cultivation to control weeds as weed growth is smothered under straw J-ess tomato cracking because of evener moisture content of soil. _, Harvesting f ^wilf J^Tf ^"^ ^^^^^ ^/?i ^'^^^ at weekly intervals, in h bu. baskets. Care is tfi^^ H?,f 1 f/'^^^^.u ^^I^^!' ^t^^Sed fruit is removed from stalks at picking v^L^Lfn.lV^^ w"^- The tomatoes are hauled to packing house and flifif • ^^^^\ baskets according to size and degree of ripeness. The rioe iruit are ring packed m bushel baskets and sold to the home trade as canners T^^^^*^ u'® ^^^^^y "^®^^ °* P^»"* ^ood- Chemical analyses of the plant aen /^'li.K;^ ^^t "''''® P"*"^?^ ^* "«^^ **^*" phosphoric acid and nitro- us^H VZ combined. When more than 600 pounds of fertilizer per acre are Kn^^'h^JiH'**!* ^^*'* half before plowing. The balance should be applied Sess^iS^ ^Sf ® it® 7"^? ^* planting time. On soils of medium fertility. Tside- feViiliff,. •/" *^® J'"^ '? beginning to set U recommended. High-potash lerniizers, if properly applied, insure large yields of high-quality tomatoes. AMERICAN POTASH INSTITUTE. INC. 1 155 Sixteenth Street, Washington 6, D. C. i « 86 87 I SEEDS Of High. Quality Specialties — Golden Treasure Celery Golden Plume Celery Summer Pascal Celery 1945 Seed Annual Free on Request 132 - 138 Church Si. New York, N. Y. TODAY— Send your $1 membership THEN— Receive the NEWS January, March, May, JUly; December YOUR NEIGHBOR— Send his membership in, loo. RUSH— Don'l wail. The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association 625 Holmes Slreel Stale College Pennsylvania I YOU CAN CONTROL TOMATO BLIGHT WITH Copper Hydro spot. NEEDS NO LIME— combines with all insecticides. There is no time or labor wasting with Copper Hydro. It mixes readily with water and stays in suspension. Doe. not clog nozzles or pump screens. Makes an excellent dust that really sticL to foliage "S Copper Hydro this yearl Also available in ready-mixed dusts CHIPMAN I^ITA^^^ f^riie for Circula Bound Brooke New Jersey . rs INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES WEED KILLERS M 2 o (d (d 0) 00 [m §.| P-4 (A (0 tJ ► fi M (d 1'^ M O >,« 3a 4) 4» ^^ cd ' o •J m < CO 73 o Eh 00 csi o CO •-a CO E Cd o f— I 0, o o CO CO 00 00 00 to U5 CO CO 00 CO csi OlO ooo 00 CSI CI m C<1 o lO 00 lO mco ooo CO CO coo I>C^ o lO cq lO f-H 1-1 Oi ooo -^00 lO o 00 CSI o CO CO 00 CSI CO lOrH ooo So "^ f-H CSI 4e- coco OSIO CO 00 c* c^ t^co CO o 00 00 CO O) CO o d c^ o o CSI lO o CO o 1—1 C4 1-H CO oai> «^o6 OiTt* oco «>o6 1-H uoco 00 1— • ■ee- CSI 00 1— t oco OiTt< coo 00 CO '^ cd t*o 00 C^ to 00 CO 00 CSI CO oc» CO CSI CO 1-1 c4 St CO •<«ioo •^co CO 00 00 to 2«> '^to ■6^ CSIt* COi-( CSI CO CI CI ^ CO CO CO CO CO '^ CO coco rj< f-H <^Oi CO C4 •M- coo 00 CSI M- o Oi CO o 1-H C<] CO CSI mo Tt<05 »^o6 1-H 4e- coo 00 CO CO Oi 40- t^o 00 CO 2^ a •i-( ^ <-H I c 5 ^ Cd -S 25 a; •^H ♦; •— t X'O I U too; .2? Cd O 0^ c ^ ^ *H Cd '^ §^o5^"S >g Cd TJ S.2i1d o^ Pu hS W t 3 P-H PU H S >»cS Cd qE > Cd o o Cd cd-r2 ci 89 CI i6 00 CO o O) CSI CSI CI CI CO o to CO CO CSI 00 o CI O) CO* m 1-H 00 ca CO 00 CI ^ to CO oco CO I>"0 CO V^ VJ CSI t-T-l CO C5 o CO 1-1 coo lO i-< rH r-i Vi C/3 I> o to lO -^ i-t -- CO • CI Oi CO 1-H coo 00 C4 «e- o CI €^ o C4 «»- o 4^ o CI ^ Cd 0 3 -d.Si S CO 4»»n *"' '"l«nlfi' A.B.FARQUHAR COMPANY, YORK, PA. 3402 DUKE ST. YORK, PENNSYLVANIA A Good Start with Snap Beans. The soil was plowed a month before planting and harrowed before plant- ing to kill germinating weed seedlings. It was well-dramed and l^^J^^d- Only onV inch was the planting depth and planter was carefully checked to ob- tain uniform spacing (2 inches) without cracking the seed. Rows, 28 to 32 inches apart. Check the planter for seed spacing and cracking. Special plates will be required. Clean, Careful but shallow cultivation to control weeds. — 15 — I HI I « \ if I INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE HERE'S THE WAY to Better Crops MAKE EVERY ACRE PO If S BEST Use Armour's BIG CROP Fertilizers under vegetables to produce bigger crops of finer quality. Use Armour's also in your soil con- servation program and to reinforce manure. BIG CROP is complete, economical, dependable over many years. Place your order with your nearby Armour Agent. ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Snap Bean Trials Nine varieties of snap beans were planted in the 1944 tests at Am- herst Massachusetts. Each variety was planted in ten foot rows that were replicated ten times and randomized in the field so that there were ninety plots in all. The plots were located on a fertile Merrimac fine, sandy loam soil which was prepared in the usual manner and fertilized previous to planting with a 5-8-7 fertilizer applied broadcast at the rate of 750 pounds per acre. The seed was planted on May 25 about three m- ches apart in rows that were spaced three feet apart. Ramfall was adequate during the growing season and a very satisfactory crop was produced. Pertinent data obtained from these trials are presented in the table, page 19. It is to be noted that Bountiful produced a greater yield than any of the other varieties. This is not a new experience, as Bountiful generally is a good cropper. Of the newer beans, Logan is outstand- ing in appearance and quality. It may be a little too light in color for some markets, however. Stringless Green Pod produced some flattened pods that lowered the appearance and grade of this variety. Tendergreen and New Long Tendergreen were rather outstanding in both appearance and quahty although Tendergreen averaged only 4.6 inches in pod length. New Long Tendergreen appears to be a valuable addition to the list of bean varieties in that it is a longer edi- tion (5.7 inches) of the standard Tendergreen. Streamliner did not appear to give much promise as a market bean. Stringless Valentine would be classed as a fair to good, all round variety of green snap bean. Kestonian is a new bean that may or may not find a place m the recommended list.— William H. Lachman. Food has once more appeared on the front pages of newspapers as a realization has developed that the product of American farms cannot be expanded indefinitely to feed the world. Today is the tomorrow you were doing so much worrying about yesterday. ALBERT C. ROEMHILD COMMISSION MERCHANT Wholesale Fruits and Vegetables Phone, Lombard 1000 122 Dock Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa. i»l I ll For Greater Profits PLANT CLICK'S Tomato Seed & Plants IMPROVED STRAINS — PENNSYLVANIA CERTIFIED Rutgers — Marglobe — Grothens — Pritchard Pan America and Colco (Pink) Globe SPECIAL MENTION OF A NEW LEADER THE EARLY CANNER Matures about a week earlier than Rutgers. When planted very early from well-grown plants it has produced large yields be- fore the rush of harvest season. Bushy, vigorous foliage protects the closely set clusters of fairly large, deep, firm, scarlet tomatoes. Small seed cavities and excellent flavor make it well suited to canning, especially strained prod- ucts. Has shown up particularly well in dry weather. ONLY A LIMITED SUPPLY AVAILABLE Advise quantity needed. Particulars free. GLICK'S SEED FARMS CLICK'S PLANT FARMS SMOKETOWN, LANCASTER COUNTY. PENNA ) 1895 I945T DURING the last half century, V-C scientific research and V-C cre- ative enterprise have constantly tested and developed new methods and new materials to bring more and more crop-producing power to the farms of increasing thousands of V-C customers. Today V-C Fertilizers contain 48% more plantfood than in 1895. They are more economical . . , more efficient. They are produced with one aim— to make farming a bet- ter-paying business. Today V-C Fer- tilizers are helping to grow Victory Crops. Tomorrow, when Victory is won, V-C experience and V-C mod- ern pioneering will continue to pro- vide a better and better V-C Fer- tilizer for every crop on every soil on every farm. VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CORPORATION Baltimore, Md. Carteret* N. J. 0) u < (d o ^ U M C O C o u JO *o U •a o o u u o CO 4> T3 O O T3 O O o O 00* 00 ! 9 U 0) I ■*■» a > cd o o T3 CO o a> pq • i-H c o ■4-* Vi >> o o CO CO "^ c a; cu cu .i:5 o t_, CO C/3 CO CO ;=3 1.^ ■♦-> c/3 CO 00 CM* in CO CO CO D s o CO r-i in o CO eg 00 cu 73 o I T3 O C CO CUtC CO CO b CO •fH 2 53 ft 0) c c 7) CO <-^ copti-r; a cu (U W) cu C cu H C3 O 1 cu § 1 > H PU o -g .^ o o CO O 0 fe o 00 CM o in cu cu u (U '^ 3 cu O > ^ u ^ el's CO • »-« CO cu O b* in CO 00 00 CO in 1° .-H -J CO u m ft; Q CO 13 CO o in CM 00 o o 73 CU o a cu two S5 CO CO I ^"co (/) CO r-i 73 [^£ tJOS c^ a; CO I if] > Mil « . • It The Leaders . . . ASGROW STRINGLESS GREENPOD (TENDERGREEN) above, winner of the All-America Gold Medal and now the most extensively grown variety. Round pods. ASGROW STRINGLESS BLACK VALENTINE, below, win- ner of the All- America Silver Medal. Oval pods, dark green, of attractive appearance and quality. Sold Through Local Dealers ASSOCIATED SEED GROWERS: MILFORD, CONN. Children like to pick beans in a field like this (Brehm Farm). Fertile soil, early plowing, thorough soil preparation, deeply applied broadcast and row applications of fertilizer in bands not in contact with the seed, good seed carefully planted, close and clean cultivation as soon as the plants have appeared and a continued weed and insect control pro- gram through the season usually results in large yields, high quality and easy picking. Picking beans before the seed are full size, while the pods are tender and smooth, increases the yield and income per acre. — 21 — I I, The Leaders . . . ASGROW STRINGLESS GREENPOD (TENDERGREEN) above, winner of the All- America Gold Medal and now the most extensively grown variety. Round pods. ASGROW STRINGLESS BLACK VALENTINE, below, win- ner of the All-America Silver Medal. Oval pods, dark green, of attractive appearance and quality. Sold Through Local Dealers W•vA^VIr >,(.v-s-*i* ASSOCIATED SEED GROWERS: MILFORD, CONN. Children like to pick beans in a field like this (Brehm Farm). Fertile soil, early plowing, thorough soil preparation, deeply applied broadcast and row applications of fertilizer in bands not in contact with the seed, good seed carefully planted, close and clean cultivation as soon as the plants have appeared and a continued weed and insect control pro- gram through the season usually results in large yields, high quality and easy picking. Picking beans before the seed are full size, while the pods are lender and smooth, increases the yield and income per acre. — 21 — • X I.* I I I N • I i INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE ^>' > . «H •H What About INSECT ^ PESTS • One of the major problems in the growing of a profitable crop is to prevent insects from destroying quality and yield. Black Leaf 40 is unusually efficient in the control of certain insects. It can be used alone in proper mixture or can be mixed with any standard spray material that does not cause injury to plants when used alone. Black leaf 40 kills by contact and by fumes. It leaves no poisonous residue and is easy to apply. ^ . ^ i , . •+ i Use Black Leaf 40 — Get the most from your investment of labor and capital. Full information will be furnished on request. Insist on Original Factory-Sealed Packages for Full Strength. TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION Incorporated — Louisville, Kentucky QUALITY ALWAYS PAYS! For extra yields and quality, use Agrico — specially formulated for each crop. And when you need Super- phosphate, ask for 18% NORMAL — it's more economical. Manufac- tured only by The American Agricultural Chemical Co* Baltimore, Md. Buffalo, N. Y. Carteret, N. J. tUc AGRICO and 18% NORMAL THE NATION S LEADING FERTILIZER SUPERPHOSPHATE . The Grower Picks His Own Beans WILSON C. DICKSON. JR. The past several years our canning company has been picking beans for any farmer who would put out five or more acres at one time. This year we are reversing the procedure, but not because of the lack of pickers. The supply of pickers is almost as good as it ever was for those who are able to get to town to pick them up. There are any number of elder children from twelve to sixteen years old who are glad to get out and earn some money. The better the beans are to be picked, the less trouble there is getting them picked. We know from experience the children will do a good job if they are not worked more than six or seven hours with good supervision by someone who knows how to handle people. The ideal system would be to work out a schedule of planting so that a gang of pickers could start picking the second week of July and work straight through, if the weather would permit, until Sep- tember. The main reason that we are not picking for farmers is that their planting schedule is always mixed up so by weather conditions that we either have no beans to pick or twice as many as we can handle. When we have twice as many as we can pick, too many get old and tough with considerable loss in quality. With the farmers picking their own, and with us buying them on a graded basis according to size, we hope to raise our total percentage of good quality beans considerably and still maintain and increase the amount we pay for the beans. On grade, the beans about the thickness of a lead pencil are the best quality provided they are not injured, insect-bitten, or hollow. As the size goes on up, the quality drops. The growers can change their plantings in any way, according to weather conditions, to fit their picking plans. We hope the spirit of the growers to pick their own beans con- tinues on the upswing. • * Hanover Canning Company. More food is needed by our armed forces and at home. More vines and higher production per acre is the answer. Plant now for more food. 23 — ■ I \ I I I, .'I '1 'i It I ' in « M > I . 1 NO WORRY ABOUT STAND WITH THIS RUNNER-TYPE PLANTER If you want a runner type Planter Ihal will planl rows of any particular spacing RIGHT UP TO THE END OF THE FIELD— then you want to try an Oliver 1095 Mounted Planter on that new lit- tle "world of power/' the Oliver "70" Tractor. You will find the Oliver method of midship mounting a real ad- vantage. Your Planter is right in front of you where, without turn- ing or twisting out of your form- fitting cushion seat, you can watch every operation. Oliver Planters follow the con- tour of the ground — plant accu- rately at an even depth on uneven as well as level ground, even in tough soil. THINK of the sort of job you want YOUR planter to do— of the sort of field it is going to have to operate in. Talk to Oliver Owners and find out how Oliver Planters are performing for them« This Planter can be equipped with both the regular corn and cotton planter and the planter with twin inclined plates in each hopper for special planting of sor- ghum, Mio Maize, peas, various types of beans, peanuts, etc. THE OLIVER CORP HARRISBURG, PENNA. A Good Stand of Lima Beans. Plants should be uniformly 4 to 8 inches apart in rows 28 to 32 inches apart, depending upon the variety and soil fertility. Planting lima beans with a four-row bean planter. Cultivating beans after they are well above the grounds showing the shallow cultivation and adjustment of cultivators, — 25 — ' \ i . , i HI I, I I t i. I » ll • I NO WORRY ABOUT STAND WITH THIS RUNNER-TYPE PLANTER If you want a runner type Planter that will plant rows of any particular spacing RIGHT UP TO THE END OF THE FIELD— then you want to try an Oliver 1095 Mounted Planter on that new lit- tle "world of power/' the Oliver "70" Tractor. You will iind the Oliver method of midship mounting a real ad- vantage. Your Planter is right in front of you where, without turn- ing or twisting out of your form- atting cushion seat, you can watch every operation. Oliver Planters follow the con- tour of the ground — plant accu- rately at an even depth on uneven as well as level ground, even in tough soil. THINK of the sort of job you want YOUR planter to do — of the sort of field it is going to have to operate in. Talk to Oliver Owners and find out how Oliver Planters are performing for them. This Planter can be equipped with both the regular corn and cotton planter and the planter with twin inclined plates in each hopper for special planting of sor- ghum, Mio Maize, peas, various types of beans, peanuts, etc. THE OLIVER CORP HARRISBURG, PENNA. I A Good Stand of Lima Beans. Plants should be uniformly 4 to 8 inches apart in rows 28 to 32 inches apart, depending upon the variety and soil fertility. \ I I '. . I « Planting lima beans with a four-row bean planter. Cultivating beans after they are well above the ground, showing the shallow cultivation and adjustment of cultivators, — 25 — , ti INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE t • •( III MAXIMUM CROPS iov more profit per acre The market grower's fight against insects and diseases-the deadly enemies of his crops- is a constant one and he must have the best weapons to wage a winning war against these foes if he hopes to realize a maximum profat per acre. Experienced market growers place confidence in Niagara crop dusting machines. And for deadly ammunition they load them with re- liable Niagara insecticides and fungicides. It is a combination that assures the greatest amount of even coverage with the least in- secticide or fungicide poundage. For complete information about Niagara Crop Dusters, insecticides and fungicides, consult your Niagara dealer or write direct to: NIAGARA SPRAYER AND CHEMICAL CO., INC MIDDLEPORT, NEW YORK Growing Henderson Bush Lima Beans for Quick-Freezing FRANK APP* Henderson Bush Lima Beans, properly grown, are a desirable cash crop "or southeastern Pennsylvania farms. They ^^^^"7^^^"^;.^^- Snal investment for farm equipment and not a great amount of fiJT These Sans can be grown successfully on many different fp's of Sso long as the fafmer provides sufficient lime and mam- tains an ample amount of organic matter m the soil. Place in the Rotalion for Lima Beans Growers who produce peas usually follow with lima beans _ the same yeS Ss provides two cash crops from the same land. Further m^rethSe two cash crops can be grown with one plowing and one ScatSn oT fertilizer and lime. When the soil is properly limed JSilized plowed and fitted for peas, we provide the conditions that produceTgood bean as well as a good pea crop. As soon as the neas are hS-vesfed a good sharp disk harrow behind a tractor should be use?to diskthe fifld thoroughly- If the land is left several days »fter harvesting the peas, it may become too hard to prepare by disk- f/£e and require plowing. For those growers who are not grow- n| peas' Uma beans should follow corn. The Preceding corn crop Siould have a good cover crop seeded at the last cultivation or after the corn is harvested. Fertilizers and Lime When the soil is limed and fertilized sufficiently for a crop of peas the residue remaining after the pea crop is grown is sufficient to Sow a good crop of Ihna beans. When the beans follow corn, how- fZ It fs probably necessary to add enough lime to make available at least 1500 lbs. of calcium per acre and a pH m f « «oil of 6 o 6.5^ The amount and kind of fertilizer will also depend upon the kind of cover crop and whether manure is used. If the cover crop is a legume such as vetch, less nitrogen is needed. When manu^^X^^^d a^^^^^^^^^ amount of nitrogen is needed. Consequently the f^^Ulizer should be selected to meet the conditions of the soil both m kind and amount^ For a soil which has had a good application of manure, a fertilizer formula having 3-12-6 should furnish ample ^^f f.^; ..«°^^j^^;: when no manure is used and no legume crop is used, a fftJiz^r hav- ing an analysis of 4-12-8 would be preferable. The ^n^oum of ^ ertiliz^^ varies from 300 to 700 lbs. per acre depending upon the type of cover crop and whether or not the land is manured The best results will be obtained when the lime and fertiUzer are plowed under. This en- * Deerfield Packing Corporation, Bridgeton, N. J. — 27 — < *l • \ I Hi I , I ttl 1(1 M • H IN Ml) I courages deep rooting and furnishes plant food for the beans during periods of dry weather. When lime and fertilizer is well distributed in soil to the bottom of the furrow, the bean plant roots more deeply and can obtain sufficient plant food during periods of dry weather to feed a good crop of beans. Time of Seeding Lima beans can be planted any time beginning the middle of May until the tenth of July. When they follow peas they are planted shortly after the pea crop is harvested. Growers who plant large acreages should not plant more in any one week than they can har- vest in one week. The planting can be spread over a period of about eight weeks. This distributes the labor of growing and harvesting the crop. Rate of Seeding The amount of seed we find should be between 35 to 45 lbs. per acre. Soils that are inclined to be sandy should have the righer rate of seeding. Cultivation The first cultivation should take place when the beans are up and have their first leaves. The cultivator should be set shallow and ad- justed so the ground can be worked close to the rows without cover- ing the beans. Later cultivation should follow at intervals of ten days to two weeks so as to prevent the start of a growth of weeds. Three to four cultivations usually are ample. For the last cutivation, it is permissible to throw a slight ridge along the rows. This will help cover any weeds that may appear and also help in harvesting. Culti- vation should not continue after the beans begin to bloom. Yields of Beans— 1944 The yield of beans for Pennsylvania averaged 1,200 lbs. per acre. This yield can be greatly increased if the grower provides for the best growing conditions which include the proper amount of lime, fertilizer, soils with ample organic matter and a good seed bed. The five highest growers had the following yields. They provided for a good crop and were well rewarded. Acreage Lbs. for Acre Value 10 2,786 $203.06 6 2,305 177.35 6 1,917 133.06 6 1,916 139.66 22 1,895 125.75 — 28 — • > ••• ••• * •! New designs, new models, new methods of application are in store for buyers of Myers Sprayers. Ask your Myers dealer about the stepped-up speed and coverage and saving in manpower that will be offered by Myers. Also talk with him about your present sprayer needs and the many advancements included in the complete Myers line of orchard and row crop sprayers now available. NEW TYPES MORE SPEED GREATER COVERAGE LESS MANPOWER \ \ I ' • \ I EXCLUSIVE FEATURES IMPROVED PUMPS HIGH PRESSURES INCREASED CAPACITY , I r ■I A field of lima beans in full bloom. ti HI > ik »h II* ♦ H Lima bean harvesting attachments on a tractor— two rows. — 30 — FOR 1945 BEAN WILL BUILD: Bean Potato Sprayers Bean Rubber Spool Potato Graders Bean Rubber Roll Potato Cleaners WE DISTRIBUTE: American Bunch Vegetable Washers with BEAN High Pressure Pumping Unit Send for Catalogs John Bean Mfg. Co Div. Food Machinery Corp. LANSING 4, MICH. 1 1 ■M. f I I i i; Harvesting lima beans for the viner. HI il Using a heavy duty loader for lima beans. LANCASTER BONE FERTILIZER CO., Inc. Quarryville, Pa. It Manufacturers of ''Conestoga Brand'' fertilizers Made in Pennsylvania for Pennsylvania soils. — 32 — SAVE SAVE SAVE LABOR TWEVE TIME with. FELINS Marketing Equipment TORRENT BUNCH VEGETABLE WASHER • - I for Washing all varieties of Bunch Vegetables. Over 1800 bunches an hour. FELINS FELINS BUNCH TYER for Bunch Vegetables , . Cut Flowers . . . . . Nursery Stock . . . ; >-A K FELINS ROOT CROP WASHER for Washing all varieties of Bushel Crop. 10 bushel capacity — ^3 tons an hour. Milwaukee 6, Wisconsin I I I I .1 f I » n^ »• The Mexican Bean Beetle and its Control J. O. PEPPER* The Mexican bean beetle is the most serious insect enemy of beans in Pennsylvania. Where control measures are not practiced the foliage and pods of beans are seriously damaged. The overwintering adults emerge in early summer and the first generation, develops on early plantings of beans. It is usually completed in four to seven weeks. The second generation occurs in late summer and early fall. The second generation usually causes much more damage than the first because of increased population and by attacking both snap and lima beans. Control by Cultural Means: — The destruction of all trash, debris, and overwintering quarters in the vicinity of last year's late crop of beans will destroy many of the adult beetles surviving the winter in such places. As soon as the early crop of beans is harvested in the summer the old vines should be immediately plowed under or destroyed. This procedure kills large numbers of immature forms feeding on the plants, which in turn lessens greatly the number of second generation beetles. The destruction of the vines of late crops of beans likewise kills many immature forms and greatly reduces the number of maturing beetles to go into overwintering quarters. The benefits of bean beetle control by these measures should not be under estimated by growers. Control by Use of Insecticides: — Chemical insecticides can be used as sprays or dusts. Undoubtedly any material applied as a spray to bean plants will stick to the foliage better and over a longer period than a dust. However, most growers prefer dust materials due to simplicity of handling. It is also true that the availability of water in a number of cases is a big problem and would limit spray applica- tions. Materials: The dust material that has given best control of the bean beetle and leaves no harmful residue is a 0.75 per cent rotenone dust. Since we have been in war with Japan our supply of rotenone has been greatly reduced and limited. Therefore, the percentage of rotenone in dust form has been reduced as much as possible, and still does a good job of killing insects. In order to obtain good bean beetle control use a dust mixture containing at least 0.5 per cent ac- tual rotenone. There are several rotenone dusts on the commercial market that have other insecticide materials added to help increase the insect killing power of the dust mixture. These materials should be used according to manufacturers directions. ♦ Extension Entomologist — Pennsylvania State College. — 34 — Since rotenone is scare some growers are substituting other insec- ticides into their control program at certain times. The one we hear most about is cryolite. This material leaves a poisonous residue, therefore, on snap beans it cannot be used after pods start to form. It can be used throughout the season on lima beans since the. hull of the pod is discarded and this would eliminate the residue prob- lem. A 50 per cent cryohte dust is most commonly used. (Never use lime with cryolite). Time, Amount, and Method of Applying Materials: On the early crops of beans the first application of material should be appUed when adult beetles and egg masses can be found on the foliage. This is usually when the plants show 4 to 6 leaves. On late snap bean crops and lima beans the fields should be closely watched and the first apphcation made when adults and egg masses are found on the foliage. In all cases the application should be repeated at 7 to 10 day intervals until the insect is well under control. The amount of dust material required per acre will vary from 20 to 40 pounds according to size of plants and distance between rows. The apphcation of dust mixtures can be applied anytime during the day. However, the preferred time is early morning, late after- noon and early evening. At these times we usually have a small amount of moisture on the foliage and encounter less wind. A 25 foot length trailer curtain behind the dust machine helps increase cov- erage. This is especially true if there are any wind currents at time of applications. The nozzles of the duster should be so adjusted as to direct the material to the undersides of the foliage, since this is where the various stages of the bean beetle mostly feed. Bean beetle control is dependent upon the coverage of the f ohage with the correct dust mixture. Specialists for Fertilizers for CANNING CROPS PEAS — BEANS — SWEET CORN — TOMATOES Insure your crops this year with UNION Field tested fertilizers UNION FERTILIZER CORPORATION Main Office— Pikesville. Maryland Factory— Baltimore, Maryland f* , 1 I s . dfl" -35 — If .- -S^^-^C -^T- M from laboratories come les The fight against insect attack on vegetables starts in chem- ical research laboratories. The Dow Chemical Company, for example, has devoted al- most half a century in a constant effort to find new chemicals and new combinations that can successfully cope with in- secticide problems of growers all over the country. The products of this research are subjected to further ex- perimentation and tests by experts and state experiment stations. Ultimately, a proven insecticide is available to control a specific type of insect. The use of Dow insecticides helps to promote better crops at less expense. Write for our free manual on spraying and dusting. THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY MIDLAND MICHIGAN New York • Chicago • St. Louis • Houston Complete Control Dow for the Season Some Important Bean Diseases L. O. Weaver* Both snap and lima beans are subject to several destructive dis- eases. The losses due to disease vary from year to year and depend on such factors as humidity, temperature and on the source of the seed. Practicmg measures to prevent the introduction and spread of disease will pay large dividends to the grower. Anthracnose The most striking symptom of anthracnose is the black sunken spots on the bean pod. These spots may be so numerous as to ruin a crop of beans. In addition, anthracnose reduces yields by killing the leaves and stems. Sunken dark cankers, similar to those on the pods, develop on the stems and leaf petioles. Narrow reddish spots are to be found on the veins on the underside of the leaves. The organism causing anthracnose is carried on the seed or it may overwinter on the bean refuse. It does not Hve in the soil longer than two years. When infected seed is planted, the organism is carried above ground and is spread to all parts of the field by splashing rain or by tools or pickers. Control measures. The most effective measure of control is to plant seed that is free of the organism. Bean seed from the Marys- ville area of California called "Cal-approved" and seed from the Twin Falls region in Idaho is usually free from anthracnose. Supplementary control measures consist of practicing a three year rotation and refraining from working in the fields when the plants are wet. Seed treatment is not practical for the control of anthrac- nose. Bacterial Blight Three symptoms are usually evident to distinguish bacterial blight from anthracnose. Large brown blotches with a yellowish halo are produced on the leaves. When bacterial blight is severe, the leaves are destroyed. Cankers on the pods turn from a greenish water- soaked spot to a rust-brown indefinite area. Girdling of the main stem, usually at one of the lower joints, is the third symptom. The plant usually wilts or falls over. The bacteria causing this disease are carried in the seed. The method of infection of young plants and the spread through the fields are the same as for anthracnose. Control measures. Purchase disease free western bean seed as recommended for anthracnose. In twelve demonstrations which were conducted in different sections of the State, the plants produced from * Plant Pathology Extension, The Pennsylvania State College — 37 — 5 , I #•1' J I I *» t 'I western seed were free of anthracnose and blight. In adjacent rows, the plants grown from seed of unknown source (presumably eastern grown) had from 3 to 16 per cent of the crop destroyed by these diseases. Lima Bean Diseases. — Damping off or Seed Decay. Poor germination of lima bean seed is almost the rule. The seed is often destroyed by decay organisms in the soil before the plants are produced. This loss is most severe in cool wet soil. A seed treatment is required to protect the seed from decay in the soil. Cover the seed with Spergon dust at the rate of i teaspoonful per pound or 2 ounces per bushel. The seed and dust are shaken to- gether in a closed container to obtain a uniform covering of dust. Downy Mildew Downy mildew is recognized by the white downy mold which cov- ers part or all of the bean pods. The pods finally turn black and the fungus grows through the pod wall into the beans. The young shoots, the flowers and the leaves are also attacked. The mold covers all diseased organs. The fungus is carried in the seed and in decaying vines. Early in- fection is probably due to the planting of diseased beans. Infection may also come from the fungus living in old vines. Wind and rain are important agencies in spreading the disease in the field. Cool wet weather is favorable for the rapid spread of downy mildew. Control measures. 1. Practice at least a four year rotation. 2. Des- troy all bean refuse by plowing. 3. Use disease free seed; western grown seed is usually free of downy mildew. 4. Spray with 4-4-50 bor- deaux mixture as soon as the blossoms have set and apply 3 or 4 more sprays at 7 to 10 day intervals. Pod Blight on Lima Beans Large brown patches are produced on the leaves. The dead tissue finally falls out leaving ragged holes. On the older pods brown dead areas may be formed. Small black pimples are usually present in the brown leaf spots and in the dead areas on the pods. Young pods rarely are infected. Pod blight is much more prevalent on the pole beans than on the bush limas. The fungus lives in the seed and in the old refuse in the soil. It may be introduced into a field with seed and once established it is spread by splashing rain. Control measures. The same control measures as given for downy mildew also prevent pod blight. — 38 — SEEDS Bred for the critical grower SPECIALTIES FOR 1945 Guaranteed to be genuine originator's strains. MARKETER CUCUMBER All-American Winner 1943. Color of fruits-a nch dark green. Size-Eight inches long, medium slendM. Season--65 d^ Vines are vigorous and very productive. Rapidly becoiiiino the rfand»% variety because of its high quality and productivness. ^ •tandard Ounce— 35c i Pound— $1.10 Pound— $3.25 Postpaid. come^ltShJ^a^^ff,"^ ^^^^^ All-American Winner 1940. loana has be- e?^t it^ii I °™o"? I«an9 growers as the best. Ear Size— 12 to 14 rows sf«o« ?7 !i •°"ff- Color-Attractive light-yellow with fresh «een huJks Pound-55c 3 to 24 lbs. per lb.-48c 25 to 99 lbs. per lb.-44c Bag lots (100 lbs.)— 41c per lb. Freight paid. RED CORE DANVERS CARROT A vastly improved strain of Danvers Mor« vSof if ^ *^"i'1; "* •'*"*' ^"l"' •"»* "tainiag the stroSg top ^owih ani pSw * **" ^'"'^"•- ^*" *"•»*' bunching'or busheling we fnvUe elm Ounce— 35c J Pound— $1.20 Pound— $3.50 Postpaid Our 1945 Market Grower catalog is now ready. Write for your free copy now. TAPPERSON SEED COMPANY ALLENTOWN, PA. 40 NORTH SEVENTH STREET p„oNE 2-1762 i I I I } I , I I , I ll I Mi ' ■ ii i\ %»^ ' "* Tr i i ''.;'"*?:^B«ifi3*«'«?«*sr*^ :, . 1- «* ^.♦:**' >*^' -♦♦■ t '• Fertilize in Bands to Avoid Injury When fertilizer is placed in the soil it dissolves at a rate de- pending upon the amount of moisture present. Only when dissolved are they available as plant food. Then, they move very little sideways but to a greater extent up and down. Upward movement occurs in dryer soil and downward movement in moist soil when the fertilizer goes into solu- tion. The phosphates move slowly, being fixed or held by the soil to a great extents- potash salts move somewhat faster, while soluble nitrogen compounds move most rapidly of all. Drawings on the opposite page show the movement of fertilizer when placed under and to the side slightly below the seed. 25 7o„ ]kv^ T5% Fertilizer, properly applied, is a profitable investment. I . 11 -ilBl 'm i I % I \ i » , .1 — 40 — — 41 — i ii??* Jjj^;; ....... ■■ .■.*»V;-.-: ...^x''*''"^;ax ■w; . ..^.. . . ,;,*, . -^-^y :.,,. f^ M- '■y^ v,.^-ww z**^ . . ,A^^ ..,-.. ..v^.^. , tl i^]p\ Fertilize in Bands to Avoid Injury When fertilizer is placed in the soil it dissolves at a rate de- pending upon the amount of moisture present. Only when dissolved are they available as plant food. Then, they move very little sideways but to a greater extent up and down. Upward movement occurs in dryer soil and downward movement in moist soil when the fertilizer goes into solu- tion. The phosphates move slowly, being fixed or held by the soil to a great extents- potash salts move somewhat faster, while soluble nitrogen compounds move most rapidly of all. Drawings on the opposite page show the movement of fertilizer when placed under and to the side slightly below Ihe seed. UPPER 5^>AO LOoER £»Awo 257o„ } Upper 6ano ^iW 75% I • < I Fertilizer, properly applied, is a proHlable investment. — 40 — — 41 — INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE m *\ II Vegetable Planter Equipment for Banding Fertilizer. Furrow opener is equipped with shield to ride trash down and prevent clogging; furrow opening discs are adjustable for depth; fertilizer is applied the full depth of the furrow; depth of seed planting is adjustable; and soil directly over the seed is not packed — a feature particularly desirable for beans. HARRIS SEEDS For men who appreciate and grow vegetables of fine quality there are no better seeds than those offered by JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY, INC MORETON FARM ROCHESTER 11, N. Y. « — 42 STOKES TOMATO SEED Specialization is the Key to Efficiency 1945 Calls for tomatoes of high production and high quality. These factors start with finely bred tomato seed. Tomato Plants grown from Stokes Tomato seed offer an assurance of production and quality. Our two- generation-per-year breeding program is at your service. ^ FRANCIS C. STOKES, LTD Breeders and Growers of Fine Tomato Seed VINCENTOWN, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. THE MARK OF THE BEST STOKES TOMATO ySEEDy PRODUCINC SINCf 1882 VALIANT STOKESDALE MASTER MARGLOBE RUTGERS • M ! t \ I . 41 ii t I Vegetable Planter Equipment for Banding Fertilizer. Furrow opener is equipped with shield to ride trash down and prevent clogging; furrow opening discs are adiustable for depth; fertilizer is applied the full depth of the furrow; depth of seed planting is adjustable; and soil directly over the seed is not packed — a feature particularly desirable for beans. HARRIS SEEDS For men who appreciate and grow vegetables of fine quality there are no better seeds than those offered by JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY, INC. MORETON FARM ROCHESTER 11, N. Y. — 42 — Specialization is the Key to Efficiency 1945 Calls for tomatoes of high production and high quality. These factors start with finely bred tomato seed. Tomato Plants grown from Stokes Tomato seed offer an assurance of production and quality. Our two- generation-per-year breeding program is at your service. ^ FRANCIS C. STOKES, LTD. Breeders and Growers of Fine Tomato Seed VINCENTOWN, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. TH[ MAKKOF THE BEST STORES TOMATO ySEEDy PRODUCING SINCE I8S2 VALIANT STOKESDALE MASTER MARGLOBE RUTGERS * < INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE «l . 1 The Cabbage Maggot The cabbage maggot attacks early crops of cabbage, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, broccoli, turnips, and radishes. Late crops of these vegetables usually escape injury in the field although radishes and turnips may be injured late in the season. This insect is also a serious pest in seedbeds of cauliflower and late cabbage. The cabbage maggot overwinters in the soil mainly as a pupa. The flies appear about the time sweet cherries begin to bloom and begin to lay eggs within 5 to 10 days after their appearance. The first gen- eration flies lay most of their eggs during warm sunny days in May. The eggs are laid in cracks of the soil close to the base of the plant, normally within J inch of the surface of the soil. Small white mag- gots emerge in about one week and begin feeding on the stem and roots of the plant. As the maggots increase in size they channel out grooves in the stem or burrow into the larger roots. Infested plants become lighter in color and wilt quickly during the heat of the day. Later the injured plants may turn yellowish in color, wither, and die. Control.— A number of methods have been developed for control- ling cabbage maggots in seedbeds and on young plants growing in the field. Mechanical methods of preventing injury include screen- ing seedbeds with cheesecloth and the use of tar-paper discs on plants in the field. These mechanical methods, although quite effective if properly applied, have been generally replaced by insecticidal treat- ments with corrosive sublimate or calomel. Mechanical Control Methods.— Screening the seedbed with a mod- erately coarse grade of cheesecloth, about 20 threads to the inch, is effective in excluding the maggot flies. Very fine cheesecloth will keep out too much light and cause the plants to be spindly and coarser cloth will allow fleabeetles to enter and riddle the plants. A three-inch tar-paper disc applied to the plants when they are set out will prevent egg laying by the flies close to the plants and thus re- duce maggot injury. These discs should be applied so that they are flat and in close contact with the soil to be effective. Insecticidal Control. — The most effective treatments for the con- trol of cabbage maggot is by the use of corrosive sublimate solutions or a calomel dust. These treatments are made directly to the base of the plant, or along the row of plants in the seedbed, and kill the eggs deposited by the fly on the plants or in the soil near the plants. Corrosive sublimate solutions. — Dissolve one ounce of powdered commercial corrosive sublimate in hot water and dilute to 10 gallons of solution. Use a wooden or earthenware container to do this since — 44 — ■i this solution corrodes metals. Pour this solution along the row of plants in the seedbed or use half a cupful at the base of each plant in the field. One gallon of solution will treat about 30 feet of row in the seedbed. The application can be made by means of a watering pot with a sprinkler removed or with a sprayer from which the noz- zle has been removed. The first treatment should be made when sweet cherries or pears are in full bloom. A second treatment of the same material should be made within eight days on all plants f.nd a third treatment may be needed in the seedbed especially during wet seasons. Corrosive sublimate is readily dissolved by rain and in wet seasons it is not as effective as calomel which does not dissolve in water. Corrosive sublimate is highly poisonous and precautions should be taken to keep it away from children, animals, and unin- formed persons. Calomel Dust.— One application of calomel dust to plants in the field is enough if made carefully, thoroughly and on time. The proper time for this application is when sweet cherries or pears are in full bloom or within three days of planting if plants are set out later. Care must be taken to force the dust into the soil cracks at the base of the plant and in the opening between the plant and the soil. From 50 to 75 pounds of calomel dust will be needed for each acre of plants set in the field. In seedbeds the soil should be whitened close to the rows cf plants. To make a calomel dust, mix thoroughly one pound of very fine ground calomel with 24 pounds of talc or ground-limestone. Many distributors of insecticides carry commercially mixed calomel dusts which are suitable for immediate use. Effectiveness of Control for Cabbage Maggot. — Failure to control cabbage maggots with insecticidal treatments are due to improper timing or lack of adequate care in applying the materials. They must be made early enough to kill the eggs before they hatch. To do this the first application of insecticide should be made about the time that sweet cherries or pears are in full bloom. A more exact date for your location can be obtained by calling on your local Agricultural County Agent. When a repeat application is needed with corrosive sublimate, it should be made 7 or 8 days after the first application to give effective control. After either corrosive sublimate or calomel treatment, close culti- vation should be avoided. If close cultivation is needed to destroy weeds, cultivate before treatment is applied. Disturbing the soil next to the plants after treatment reduces the effectiveness to such an extent that a repeat application may be needed for adequate protec- tion.—H. Menusan, Jr., March, 1945. — 45 — ■I. m\ t > |...'l I ' f il ,,,s — rr I .. i 4 *•*«' * t ! *■ It . ^ 1 < Lumber is Scarce Save the Wood wi Time to replace wagon boards? When you do, treat the wood with Cuprinol. It is the new practical way of stopping rot, decay and insect borers. Easily applied by brush, spray or dip, and you can treat the boards of an entire wagon with Cuprinol for about $2.50. Use Cuprinol too for flats-not only to preserve the wood but because it keeps root concentration from Vi' to V away from the bottoms and sides instead of between the soil and wood. And because Cuprinol gives off no toxic fumes it is endorsed for preserving benches and other greenhouse lumber. Cuprinol treated wood is harmless to seeds, plants, ensilage, poultry and animals. When painting, use Cuprinol as a prim- ing coat for it gives protection which paint alone cannot give, because Cup- rinol penetrates the fibres and leaves a lasting metal residue— non visible but ef- fective. Averages 400 sq. ft. of wood to the gallon, brush applied. Write for in- formation, prices, and names of distribu- tors. CUPRINOL, Inc., 33 Spring Lane, Boston 9, Mass. Control of Vegetable Diseases in War Time L. O. Weaver The control of plant diseases is an important factor in vegetable production. In 1945, vegetable growers will again be expected to produce maximum yields and the goals must be met in spite of a shortage of help and machinery. The failure to take steps in a dis- ease prevention program may result in severe crop losses. No grower can afford to cultivate a poor stand of vegetables and he certainly does not wish to lose 30, 20, or even 10 per cent of his produce due to the presence of certain diseases. Vegetable diseases can be con- trolled effectively by using a disease prevention program. Many of the methods require only a minimum of Labor. Let us consider some of the effective, non-labor requiring methods of disease control. L The Use of Disease Resistant Varieties. During the hot summer of 1944, cabbage yellows caused serious losses. In some cabbage fields as many as 50 per cent of the plants failed to produce a head. The fungus responsible for this disease lives in the soil indefinitely and a rotation is of little value. In those areas where yellows has occurred, it will pay big returns to plant cabbage varieties with resistance to yellows. The following varie- ties are yellows-resisting: Resistant Golden Acre, Jersey Queen, De- troit Resistant, Racine Market, Marion Market, Wisconsin All Head, Select, Globe, Wisconsin Ballhead, Wisconsin All Seasons, Wiscon- sin Hollander No. 8 and Bugner. 2. The Use of Disease-Free Seed. To control bean anthracnose and reduce bacterial blights, obtain bean seed from the Marysville area in California or from the Twin P'^alls region in Idaho. The organisms causing these diseases are car- ried in the seed. 3. Treat Seed Before Planting or Buy Treated Seed. Seed are treated for two purposes: (1) to destroy disease producing fungi and bacteria on or in the seed, thereby preventing these dis- eases from being introduced into the soil; and (2) to protect the seeds from decay and the young seedlings from damping-off. 4. The Use of Disease-Free Plants. Whenever possible, obtain plants from a source where it is known that seed treatment and other disease prevention practices are fol- lowed. It is very important that vegetable plants be grown where all weeds are eradicated for many weeds and even some flowers have diseases that are spread to vegetable crops. Weeds of the mustard family and milkweeds, nightshade, ground cherry, catnip, and moth- erwort should be destroyed. Petunias are the source of mosaic virus which may spread to tomatoes and the cucumber family. In order to have healthy plants for transplanting, dusting or spray- — 47 — ■I ! I r% I t II I.. I il II ing with a fixed copper material is required for the seedlings. Toma- to, eggplant, pepper, and celery seedlings should be sprayed every week or ten days in the seed bed. 5. Rotation. Most disease organisms can live in the field for at least a year or two on diseased plant parts, while some organisms may live for a much longer time. Diseases therefore are usually most destructive where vegetables are planted on ground which contains diseased refuse from the same or related crops. A big step in disease control is accomplished by rotating the fields with unrelated crops. FOR BIGGER, BETTER CROPS 3b • Vegetables • Fruits • Berries r ^i .. ^ H^ • Tobacco • Grains • Pasture NO GAMBLE ON THE WEATHER With Atlas Portable Overhead Irrigation As shown by picture above, you can end drought threat and insure ample irrigation for the growing season. This simple, inexpensive equipment is easily installed, easily operated and portable. For use on hilly or flat land for controlled moisture . . . when and where you want it. Write today for litera- ture and prices. Attractive Territories Open For Dealers. Manufactured and Distributed by the ATLAS SUPPLY DIVISION Jones & Laughlin Supply Company 418 N. Main Street Muskogee, Oklahoma "There is no place like HOLMES for SEEDS" Write for free catalog — a complete list of vegetable and flower seeds, including special strains. The Holmes Seed Company SEED GROWERS D«pt.T Canton 2« Ohio If 4-H Tomato Club Work in Beaver and Allegheny Counties C. D. MORELY^ One thing most 4-H Club members have at the end of the season is an accurate record of the total yield of tomatoes. A summary of these records showed an average yield of around 10 pounds to the plant in Allegheny and Beaver Counties. Most of the plants were set 4 X 4 feet apart. The average yield was 13i tons per acre. These tomatoes were grown on everything from a rich home garden soil to a run-down vacant lot covered with sour grass. What are the factors which made it possible for these members to produce a large yield under varying degrees of soil fertility? Prob- ably of chief importance was the plants themselves. All the plants used in the two counties were grown by two commercial vegetable growers. Both growers used only certified Rutgers seed, and treated all seed before planting, and kept the plants in the frame covered with a metallic copper dust up to time of field transplanting. The plants are kept in an active growing condition from the time they are seeded until they are set in the field. They receive no shock, such as that caused by withholding water or limiting the fertility of the cold frame soil. Our schedule is arranged so that most of the plants are set in the field either the day they are pulled or the day following. As disease control was one of the main factors in producing good plants in the frame, so I believe it was one of the main factors in in- suring good results in the field. None of these plants were sprayed in the field. However, a majority of them were planted in soil where tomatoes either had never been grown or had not been grown for several years. Most of these homes had never grown potatoes, which meant that the tendency of a carryover from a potato planting was eliminated. One of the reasons for the success of this project is the attention to detail given to the operation of planting by these members. All club members were given an illustrated lecture on the individual steps which they should follow in setting out their plants. Briefly, these steps were as follow: (1) Set out your plants the day you receive them. (2) Take the plants to the field in a bucket of mud. (3) Set your plant deep — 2 to 4 inches deeper than it was in the plant bed. (4) Give each plant at least one cup of water, this practice to be followed even if it is raining when you are doing the planting. (5) Apply one-half cupful of a 5-10-5 or 4-12-4 commercial fertilizer * Assistant County Agent, Allegheny County. — 49 — m- 'iPi^ i tf " L: Mi * I II three inches from the plant, three or four inches deep. (6) Keep your patch absolutely free of weeds. Many families, who heretofore had good records of completion along this Hne, fell down during the past year. I believe this was be- cause Mother and Dad were too busy with their war activities on the home front to give the necessary attention to the boys and girls. One of the ambitions of every good gardner or good farmer is to have the farm taken over by one or more of his boys. One way to help him realize this ambition is to keep youngsters actively inter- ested in the operations of the farm. It is easy to send the boy out to the field to do that job of plowing, harrowing, cultivating, or what- ever it may be, and forget that he is still a youngster and not a hired man. There is a certain amount of glamour in going to the mill, but few people can see glamour in the average farm job. The more you can impress upon your boy the importance of his job and your ap- preciation of his efforts, the more likely he will be to stick by you in the end. Have him take part in young people's community activities, like the 4-H Club. He can add a lot to the program of these groups. Their meetings will give him some organized recreation to look forward to. We have a job to do, and as the tempo of our war effort decreases and we have a little more time, we should endeavor to work with, understand, and appreciate the feelings and wishes of the farm youth. J. KEENE SAULSBURY. Presidenl A. ROLAND THOMPSON, Secretary A. REED HAYES, JR., Treasurer MIFFLIN COUNTY PACKING CO. PENNSYLVANIA PACKED VEGETABLES .-T REEDSVILLE. PA. The Role of Boron in the Production of Vegetables E. M. KITCHEN* Several vegetable crops have shown a need for applications of borax to the soil to supply sufficient boron for normal plant growth. The reason for this need is because most of the soils in the eastern part of the country have been heavily cropped over a long period of time, and the boron supply has been reduced by this and leaching. Borax is generally used for correction of boron deficiency because it is cheap and carries 11.347c boron. Many soils are suspected of being on a borderhne of a boron deficiency. No deficiency symptoms are apparent, yet, an application of borax will give response in the form of increased yields, better quality crops, improved seed set, longevity of stand or increased vigor of the plant. Boron deficiency has been found on all types of soils from light, sandy soils to acid mucks. The more numerous cases have been re- ported on lighter soils and those that are on the alkaline side. The general symptoms of boron deficiency in some vegetable crops will be given: Broccoli — (2) The leaves exhibit a curling and rolling and the older ones fall. Swellings appear on the stem and petiole, which later become corky. Longitudinal craks appear on the leaf petiole, more frequently on the under side. A flat top may develop and the head becomes irregular and of poor quality. Brussels Sprouts — (2) Swellings occur as on Broccoli. Chlorosis is common, progressing from the leaf margin inward and accom- panied by a reddish discoloration on the under surface. The sprouts may be small and loosely formed. Cabbage — (15) The external symptoms of boron deficiency takes the form of abnormally dark green leaves, which are thicker than usual growth. There is a mottling effect on the margins of the older leaves and cross-hatching on the upper surface of the petioles and mid-rib. The internal symptoms develop in the pith of the stem. Water-soaked spots develop first and, as the trouble progresses, a break-down follows which eventually forms a cavity. 10-20 lbs. of borax per acre is generally sufficient. Carrots — (8) Symptoms on this crop took the form of yellowing around the margins of the leaflets. This was followed by a pink- ish to reddish coloring which extended toward the base of the leaf. The affected tissue finally dying and turning brown. Wide, deep splits may be observed on affected carrots. * Pacific Coast Borax Company, New York, N. Y. — 51 — I i I ' •■J Cauliflower — (5) External symptoms are observed as a deformed and stunted growth of leaves around the curd. The curd becomes brown with streaks extending through the flesh. The internal symptoms may show as a cracking of the pith of the stalk or as a hollow stem. 10-15 lbs. of borax per acre corrects this trouble. Celery — (12) This crop shows boron deficiency by a brittleness of stem and brown stripes which appear on the stalk. The stalk tissue becomes cracked, curls outward and eventually turns dark brown in color. 10 lbs. of borax per acre, applied as a spray or 15-25 lbs. per acre, as a soil application, overcomes the deficiency. Chinese Cabbage — (2) The symptoms exhibited take the form of a curling and rolling of the leaves. Transverse cracks may ap- pear on the inside of the midrib. Leaves may become chlorotic. Eggplant — (11) No deficiency symptoms have been noted. Response was in the yield, when 10-30 lbs. of borax per acre was applied. Lettuce (9) — Deficient plants show a burning of the leaves and death of the growing tip. Leaves may become thick, brittle, reduced in size and cup-shaped. 5-20 lbs. of borax per acre have given yield responses. Lima Beans — (17) No apparent symptoms of deficiency have been ob- served. Low rates of boron application have given increased yields. Peppers (11) — A yellowing of the tips of the older leaves were ob- served. This was followed by an apparent granulation and de- composition of the internal structure of the conducting tissue of the leaf stems. Borax applications up to 20 lbs. per acre gave only limited increase in yield. Radish — (13) Boron deficiency manifests itself on this crop by pale, chlorotic leaves. Some of the older leaves curl downward. The younger leaves at the crown are small, thick, curled and brittle. Death of the terminal growth and cessation of further top growth is a common symptom. The symptoms in the roots (16) show a reduction in the intensity of color in the colored varie- ties. The white varieties have a yellowish caste. The top of the radish was rough and scaby. White flecks, not those which ap- pear as the radish matures, and becomes pithy, appear as irregu- lar, isolated spots. Spinach — (7) Deficient plants are small and stunted. The leaves are deformed in the center and many plants turn yellow and die be- fore harvest. Increased yields have been obtained from borax applications up to 20 lbs. per acre. (3). The applications of borax may cause some "bolting" on the spring or summer spinach but may not effect the late crops. — 52 — 1 Squash— (1) It has been observed that the leaves of boron deficient plants were dark green, stiff and brittle. The younger leaves had thickened and contorted veins. These leaves exhibited a yellow and chlorotic condition in the area between the veins, stem tips were dead. Growth responses were obtained (11) from applica- tions of borax up to 20 lbs. per acre. Swiss Chard— (16) Was observed to be reduced in size and that there was cross-hatching of the petioles and deformation of the young- er leaves. Table Beets— (14) Internal symptoms are observed as black spots, ir- regular in size, shape and location. These are hard or corky in texture. External symptoms (10) occur as dark spots on the root. These may enlarge, as the root grows, and develops into growth cracks and cankers. Borax applied at rates of 35-50 lbs. per acre has controlled the trouble. Tomatoes— (6) Deficient plants are dwarfed and present a compres- sed appearance. The upper leaves gradually turn an orange yel- low and some purplish browning appears on the leaf margins. The fruit may exhibit a scurfiness or roughness which may de- velop into a brown or blackish cork-like area around the stem end. 5-10 lbs. of borax per acre is used in several tomato areas. Turnips— (4) The symptoms are dark, water-soaked areas in the central part of the root. The areas may vary from small scat- tered spots to large water-soaked areas, and may develop into a hollow center. 15 to 30 lbs. of borax per acre are the usual rec- ommendations for this crop. The easier way to apply borax is to have it included in the fertilizer. It can also be applied broadcast by means of a hand cyclone seeder or as a spray. Literature Cited 1. Alexander, Taylor R.— Anatomical and Physiological Responses of Squash to Various Levels of Boron Supply. Botanical Gazette, 103:3 March 1942. 2. Chandler, F. B.— Mineral Nutrition of the Genus Brassica with Particu- lar Reference to Boron. Main Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 404 March 1941. 3. Cook, R. L. and Miller, C. E.— Effect of Borax on the Yield, Appearance and Mineral Composition of Spinach and Sugar Beets. Soil Sci. Soc of America. Vol. 4, 1940. 4. Davis, M. B. and Ferguson, Wm.— Certain elements affect the Growth of Turnips. Better Crops with Plant Food. Dec. 1937. 5. Dearborn, C. H., Thompson, H. C, Raleigh, C. J.— Cauliflower Browning Resulting from a Deficiency of Boron. Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Vol. 34, 6. Ferguson, Wm. and Wright, L. E.— Micro-Element Studies with Special Reference to the Element Boron. Sci. Agric. 20:8 April 1940. 7. Hartman, John D.— Boron Deficiency of Cauliflower and Spinach on Long Island. Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Vol. 35, 1937. — 53 — ' it X .' . ^ i I t 1 41 I I 8. Hill, H. — Malnutrition Symptoms and Plant Tissue Tests of Vegetable Crops. Better Crops with Plant Food. May 1943. 9. McHargue, J. S. and Calfee, R. K.— Effect of Boron on the Growth of Let- tuce. Plant Physiology, 7:161-164, 1932. 10. Powers, W. L. — Use of Boron in Controlling Canker of Table Beets. Oregon Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 195, Jan. 1939. 11. Purvis, E. R. and Hanna, W. J. — Vegetable Crops Affected by Boron De- ficiency in Eastern Virginia. Va. Truck Exp. Sta. Bull. 105, Oct. 1, 1940. 12. Purvis, E. R. and Ruprecht, R. W. — Borax as a Fertilizer for Celery. Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 478, Aug. 1935. 13. Skok, John — Effect of Boron on the Growth and Development of the Rad- ish. Botanical Gazette, 103:2, Dec. 1941. 14. Walker, J. C— Internal Black Spot of Garden Beet. Phytopathology 29:2: 120-128, Feb. 1939. 15. Walker, J. C, McLean, J. G., Jolivette, J. P. — The Boron Deficiency Dis- ease in Cabbage. Jour, of Agr. Research, 63-10, May 1941. 16. Walker, J. C, Hare, W. — Boron Deficiency Studies. Wisconsin, 1942 — (un- published). 17. Wester, R. E., Magruder, R. — Effect of Size, Condition and Production Lo- cality on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Baby Fordhook Bush Lima Bean Seed. Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci., Vol. 36, 1938. Order Your 1945 Dusts Now Perfect Blend Insecticide: — Chewing Insect (50 'a Kryocide) Corn Borer (4% Fixed Nicotine) Organocide (0.4% Rotenone 2% Lethane 60) Pea Aphis (14% Lethane B-71) Talc-Calcium Arsenate Fungicide: — Cuprotrol 6 (Neutral Copper 6% Met.) Lime-Mono-Copper Sulphate 80-20 Dual Purpose: — Cucumber-Melon 6-10 (Neutral Copper 6% Met. 10% Calcium Arsenate) Lime -Copper -Arsenate 60-20-20 (60% Lime— 20% Mono-Copper Sulphate — 20% Calcium Arse- nate) Kryocide-Copper 50-6 (Neutral Copper) Sulphur-Lead Arsenate- Lime 80-10-10 All dusts, except Lime, contain Walnut Shell Flour & Loomkill Talc. "Double Mixed and High Speed Blended" PENNSYLVANIA FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg, Pa. Owned and Controlled by Pennsylvania Farmers — 54 — Finding New Facts for Vegetctble Growers F. F. LININGER* ^'i'^c"/.-^^ u^"" r^""^ ^^^ ^^^^* °^J^^t of the Agricultural Experi- !!!.n!i Lf? T?^' ^^^^ K^^^^^ ^^^^"^^ *" maintaining maximum production The aim has been to increase the efficiency of agricul- ture through the apphcation of science. This means more products per unit of labor. The principle is especially significant when war- time demands for products are coupled with manpower shortage. To be most useful, research must reach beyond the present, an- ticipate needs and have results ready when they are called for in the future. This is always difficult. Neverthless, the research staff is ever conscious of its obligations in the post war period. Different members of the Agricultural Experiment Station staff have provided brief reports dealing with various phases of vege- table research under way at the College. These reports have been used freely in the preparation of this statement. The activities are grouped under five main headings: 1. Vegetable variety and strain trials. 2. Cultural practices. 3. Insect and disease control. 4. Storage and marketing investigations. 5. Fundamental research. Vegetable Variety and Strain Trials Many varieties and strains of the more important vegetable crops are tested in the trial grounds at State College. One objective is to determine the relative merits of varieties so that recommendations can bemade relative to the most desirable variety to grow. Testing of strains is another objective. For example, six or more strains of Golden Cross Bantam sweet corn have been included in the trials each year for several years. Considerable variation has been noted inis niay be due to improper seed production methods or it may be tliat other strains have been used as substitutes. Likewise, strains of beans tomatoes, and other crops have been tested. This work helps to bring better strains into the seed trade and to direct growers to good seed sources. A recently added feature of variety testing at State College is the inclusion of the "All-America" entries in the trials. New varieties may be entered in open trial-ground competition for recognition as Demg outstanding in their class. Eighteen or more "All America" judges pass on performance at a similar number of trial grounds Professor M. L. Odland has been selected as a judge to conduct such a trial ground at State College. ,„ * Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station *5^' ' ' ■- — 55 — * «l I i Mi I I ■ ♦ Tomatoes Dr. C. E. Myers, widely known in Pennsylvania as well as nation- ally, with 36 years of productive service to his credit as a plant breed- er at Penn State, is still active though on the retired list since Febru- ary 29, 1944. Two new varieties of tomatoes, the Stemless Penn- orange and the Stemless Pennred, are his most recent releases. Doubt- less many of you have read the description of these varieties given by Dr. Myers in the January 1944 Seed World under the title "Some- thmg new in tomatoes." The stemless characteristic may be a most significant marketing feature in these two varieties. Professor Od- land reports promising results from selections of these. Four strains from each of four different varieties of tomatoes, Rut- gers, Marglobe, Stokesdale and Pritchard were tested by Dr. Larson ]n three different locations. Preliminary results indicate a variation among the Rutgers strains but considerable uniformity of the strains of the remaining three varieties. Cabbage The breeding work carried on with Penn State Ballhead cabbage for many years under the direction of Dr. C. E. Myers has not been expended during the past year. However, stock seed of this variety has been maintained by Professor M. T. Lewis under the plan long in effect whereby seed growers may secure their stock seed from the Experiment Station each year. By this means it is possible to carry on continued plant selection and to thus maintain the high standards of type characteristic of this variety. Pennsylvania vegetable farm- ers who purchase their cabbage seed from commercial outlets which obtain their stock seed from this Station are thus assured of true-to- type seed for their crop. Current reports are that the 1944 cabbage seed crop on the West coast was good, insuring ample supply for 1945 demands for this variety. Sweet Corn In the production of hybrid sweet corn it is first necessary to de- velop and test a great number of inbred lines which may be used later in various combinations to produce desirable hybrid varieties. The work of Professor Lewis over a period of years at the Experi- ment Station has resulted in the establishment of ten inbred yellow lines which are uniform, true-breeding and desirable as parents in crosses. Small amounts of hybrid seed were secured by cross pollina- tion of these parent lines in many combinations in 1943. These hy- brids were then grown in 1944 in preliminary tests to determine their desirability in comparison with the standard hybrid varieties now on the market. From approximately 50 hybrids under test only 5 proved to be worthy of further attention. Of these 5 hybrids, 4 have promise as commercial varieties while one is a home-garden type. All — 56 — are uniform and of high quality. This year hybrid seed of these varie- ties will be produced on the College farm in quantity sufficient for growers' trials in 1946. Work with White sweet corn is confined to the narrow grained ever- green types and has only recently been undertaken. A similar pro- gram of inbreeding is being conducted with the expectation of mak- ing experimental hybrids later. Lettuce The progress of the lettuce breeding work under the direction of Professor Lewis has been reported to the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers Association in their NEWS for July 1943 and July 1944 Readers of these articles will understand the nature of the work be- ing carried on. As a result of repeated trials at State College the present recommended varieties are Cosbia 40, Imperial 44 or 847 and Imperial 456 or Great Lakes, all now available from commercial sources New hybrid varieties have been developed at Penn State and will be introduced as soon as seed stocks have been built up. Cultural Practices Irrigation Weather records for Pennsylvania show that dry seasons are not unusual. Informal survey indicates a growing interest in irrigation Many growers have obtained irrigation equipment, or have extended the area already under irrigation, and others are considering such installations. Accurate information is lacking, however on the quantities of water to apply, frequency of applications, and modifica- tions of fertilizer practice. Experiments at State College were de- signed to meet this need. To date it has been found that increases in yield of certain crops went as high as 200 per cent, and in many in- stances the quality is better on irrigated areas. This is not always he case, however. This year carrots tended to split where irriga- tion water was applied. These experiments must be continued for a number of years before accurate and conclusive data are available Fertilizer Placement Tests In tests at Lancaster, Erie and State College conducted by Dr Lar- son the largest total marketable yields of tomatoes were obtained When three-fourths of the fertilizer was applied in the plowsole and one-fourth banded at time of setting the plants. The results of fertilizer placement treatments on yields of peas in- dicate no superiority of one over the other. Yields were essentially the same from the "drilled," "plowsole," and "check" plots. The effects of different rates of seeding peas were pronounced In- creasing the rate from 3 to 4J bushels per acre of the Pride variety resulted m an increase of 750 pounds of shelled peas per acre. Seeding at six bushels per acre showed no further increase in yields. — 57 — X I I tt'i I 4 f I. it ■ ■'■»*>*•■" K|}i !j — CouHesy California Corrugated Culvert Co. Lighl- weigh! pipe is easily moved and re -connected for new lines across the field. -Courtesy California Corrugated Culvert Co. Portable overhead irrigation in operation. Showing method of shifting A" irrigation pipe line in spinach field. — 67 Make Rain While The Sun Shines Hii /^ ' I It I And Make Money While the Making Is Good 1945 will afford the best markets for Vegetables and Fruits that we have ever seen INSURE YOUR CROP YIELDS BY USING A CALCO PORTABLE RAINMAKER and stop watching the winds and clouds. Write for Illustrated Catalog and the name of the nearest Rainmaker Dealer California Corrugated Culvert Co. 7th & PARKER STREETS BERKELEY 2, CALIF. Recent Developments in Irrigation Equipment and Practices ALVAN C. THOMPSON* L Crop Failures Stimulate Unusual Interest in Irrigation Crop failure resulting from extremely dry weather during the past two years has caused heavy losses among many vegetable growers of North- eastern United States. In many cases water has largely been the limiting factor in crop growth. Dry soil may mean a serious setback in the growth of a crop with reduced yields and poor quality. Many vegetable crops repre- sent a high investment cost per acre, and growers feel they cannot afford to lose them through lack of water. Irrigation makes fertilizer and plant food in the soil available to crop roots in a soluble form so the crop can make normal growth and development. Therefore, hundreds of growers have become interested in a quick, easy, and inexpensive way to rescue a crop from dry weather. That is why their at- tention has been directed to the new lightweight portable irrigation pipe. II. Construction and Features of the Portable Pipe System The essential features of the portable pipe system are the light weight and the patented quick coupling of the joint, and the use of the revolving type of sprinkler. The pipe is usually made of 16 or 18 gauge galvanized sheet metal, and the ends are quite often made of heavier metal, such as 14 gauge. The pipe is usually made in 16 foot or 20 foot lengths. A 20 foot length of 4" pipe made from 18 gauge sheet metal weighs about 48 pounds, 20 feet of 6" 18 gauge weight 85 pounds; and a 20 foot length of 8" 18 gauge pipe weighs 110 pounds. The pipe is usually equipped with handles located either at the ends or in the middle of the pipe to facilitate handling. For the pipe that is used for sprinkler line in the field it is well to have a flat foot-rest welded to the coupling in order to automatically line up the sprinklers when the pipe is laid out on the ground. This feature proves to be especially valuable in night watering. Water is sealed ofl? at the pipe joints by the use of a special rubber gas- ket which in most styles of pipe does not seal the joint until the pressure comes on the line. One type of pipe which uses a clamp making a tight joint even before pressure from the water comes on, has been used extensively by our Army for transporting fuel up to the fighting fronts. There are half a dozen or more types or methods of coupling up the pipe joints, but with any of them water spills out of the pipe when the joints are broken for shifting across the field. A satisfactory type of coupling should not leak when the pipe is in use. It should also be easily connected and disconnected, and should be built sturdily enough to stand up under hard usage. Couplings should also have a fair amount of flexibility in order to follow the contours of rolling land. Under this last condition it may be well to leave off the sprinklers in the low spots, since they may be supplied with enough water by drainage from the high ground. III. Estimating Requirements for Pipe, Pump and Power Unit The first requirement before considering any irrigation system is to make provision for an adequate supply of water for the areas to be irrigated. Water may be obtained from running streams, reservoirs, lakes or wells. With the portable system every different set-up is a new pumping prob- lem since the elevation of the pump from the water may vary, and the amount and size of pipe will vary according to the fields being watered. Therefore, in selecting a power unit and pump, they must have capacity enough to handle the biggest job of pumping they will be put to. On smaller nelds, smaller pumps and engines and smaller pipe sizes will do the job. Power may be supplied by gasoline, electricity or diesel. Electric power is niore convenient and dependable, but maybe somewhat more expensive, and • Production Manager, King Farms Co.. Morrisville, Pa. — 69 — ri li I K1 I • I r • 4 h Irrigating carrots in 20" rows. 'I, Shifting sprinkler line in cantaloupe field. Applying fertilizer in irrigation water, showing 1" hose connections to discharge and suction side of pump. may not always be available in all locations. Gasoline power seems to be the most commonly used. An idea of the portable set-up may be gained from a description of one of the outfits used on our Farm, where we have six different pumping units, and about thirty-five different pump locations. For an average pumping job, we will usually have to elevate the water 15 to 20 feet, using 2,000 to 3,000 feet of 8" header pipe to conduct the water to the field, and sprinkler lines m the field will rtm from 1200 to 1800 feet in length. Due to the friction loss in the pipe causing a drop in pressure, we never use more than 800 feet of 4" sprmkler pipe, and the balance of the line is either 5" or 6". We use the large 8" header pipe almost entirely to reduce friction loss, and the headers are sometimes a mile long. The discharge pressure at the pump is usually 75 to 90 pounds. One on our typical irrigation units consists of a 65 horsepower motor running a 5 x 4 inch centrifugal pump which delivers about 800 gallon of water per minute, up to 90 pounds pressure. This unit will have 3,000 to 4,000 feet of 8" header pipe, depending upon the distance of the field and 3,000 to 4,000 feet of sprinkler line to be used in the field. On the suction side of the pump a screen or strainer must be used to prevent large objects, such as sticks of wood from being sucked into the pump. Usually a foot valve is also installed at the end of the suction line to prevent the loss of prime when the engine is shut down, but an automatic priming device eliminates the need of a foot valve. The pump and power unit are mounted on an old truck chassis for convenience in shifting from one pump location to another. In priming the pump, a hand pump such as a pitcher pump may be used, or a priming device may be connected with the motor to draw up the water. A home-made priming device may be made by using a glass jar, with a valve each side of it, and two pieces of small copper tubing, one piece being con- nected to the suction manifold on the engine. The purpose of the glass jar is to know when the pump has been primed, and also to know when to shut the valve off to prevent water from being sucked into the engine. There is another type of self-primer on the market which works off the exhaust of the motor by means of a special type of valve which is connected to both the pump and the exhaust. The pressure of the exhaust gas creates a suction on the pump and draws the water up into it. This is called an ''Exhaust Primer,'* and is made by Gorman Rupp Company of Mansfield, Ohio. Where water is pumped from streams or ponds, centrifugal pumps are com- monly used because they have large capacities against a good working pres- sure. However, for wells the turbine type of pump is common, and a battery of wells may be connected to one large permanent main distributing line such as an 8" or 10" pipe. Risers may be taken off of this main pipe at convenient distances across the area to be irrigated. In estimating the requirements for the size of pump, we first must know the number of gallons of water per minute we want delivered, and also the pressure on the delivery side of the pump. The capacity we determine by multiplying the number of sprinklers in the field line times the gallons of water delivered from each. The total feet of head or pressure required by the pump is determined by adding the pressure needed to operate the last sprinkler in the line plus the frictional losses in the suction and discharge pipes, plus the difference in elevation between the water level and the field. According to the engineers' formula the pounds pressure at the pump is found by dividing the total feet of head by 2.3. A column of water 2.3 feet nigh is equal to one pound of pressure. Suppose, for example, we are op- erating 1600 feet of sprinkler line with sprinklers spaced 40 feet apart, each drawing off 18 gallons of water per minute. The capacity required by the pump would be 40 times 18, or 720 gallons per minute. Now suppose the elevation of the field is 20 feet above the water. This gives us 20 feet of head due to elevation. Then suppose the frictional loss in the suction and dis- charge pipes adds up to an equivalent of 107 feet of head. Since it requires 1 P^H^^s of pressure to operate the last sprinkler satisfactorily, we multi- ply this by 2.3 and get an equivalent of 80 feet of head required. Adding the — 71 — 1 I ti r • 4 I! Coupling up 8'' pipe. V I '^ .' Sprinkler head in operation showing 7/32" and 1/4" nozzles operating under 35-40 pounds pressure with a capacity of 18 g.p.m. Riser pipe is 1" x 12". — 72 — three figures together we get the total feet of head or 207 feet, which figure divided by 2.3 gives us an answer of about 90 pounds of pressure required on the delivery side of the pump. The size of the power unit in horsepower required to operate the pump is determined by multiplying the number of gallons per minute times 8.33, which IS the weight of a gallon of water, times the total feet ot head, divided by 33,000 foot pounds or 1 horsepower, times the efficiency of the pump, which usually runs from 65% to 85 Vr. Many farmers will use an old automobile engine or tractor to run the pump, and in many cases they work out satisfactorily. Sometimes, however, there may be a loss of power because the engine is not matched up with the pump as to proper speed, and there may be a loss of efficiency because the engine is not operated at the peak of the power curve. We have found out from experience with large pumps that a direct connection between the power unit and the pump eliminates a lot of lost power due to slippage, and also lost time caused by belts breaking. There is one reason why we have stuck to using a large-size gasoline engine rather than diesel power. It seems that most centrifugal pumps operate at the highest efficiency at speeds of 1,750 RPM and greater. Up to the time of the war it was impossible to get diesels which had a speed of over 1400 RPM. However, we understand that after the war diesel units will be available having speeds as high as 2200 RPM. The use of these larger diesel units will not only result in a great sav- ing of fuel cost over gasoline by the use of fuel oil, but it will also mean that larger fields located more distant from the water supply can be watered, and also larger sprinklers used, which will mean less labor needed for resetting the line. One of the problems which confronts the purchaser of portable pipe is what size header pipe to buy for the main line. The size will depend largely upon the distance of the field from the source of water, and also the size of fields to be watered. The friction loss per hundred feet of 6" pipe for 800 gallon per minte is 4.8 ft. of head, while the friction loss for 100 ft. of 8" pipe is only 1.2 ft. of head, or only one-fourth the friction loss of 6" pipe, and the cost of the pipe is only about 25 percent more. Two thousand feet of 6" pipe has a friction loss of 96 ft. of head, which divided by 2.3 gives us an equivalent loss in the line of 42 lbs. in pressure. Two thousand feet of 8" line has only 24 ft. of head loss or an equivalent of about 10 lbs. loss in pressure. By using the 2,000 ft. of 8" pipe instead of the 6" in would save 32 lbs. pressure to be used in the field sprinkler lines. The revolving sprinkler may be one of various types, but generally speak- ing the more simply it is constructed with fewer working parts such as springs and screws the more durable it will be, and is usually less apt to get out of order. Of course, the important thing with a sprinkler is that it will be more or less sure to rotate unless it happens to be stopped up with a piece of stone or weed. IV. Operation of the Portable System The time to start irrigating can be determined by digging down and ex- amining the soil moisture content, and also the condition of the crop, as well as considering size and maturity. An evaporation index meter may also be used to determine when the soil is dried out enough to require water. In hot windy weather watering must begin sooner than in cool cloudy weather. The tendency is for most growers to wait too long before starting to irrigate. With the portable system only a given amount can be covered each day, and if the start is delayed too long some crops may suffer before they can be reach- ed if the dry spell continues. For transporting 20 ft. lengths of pipe over the road and distributing it in the field, we find that a truck having a flat body about 16 to 18 ft. long is convenient. In laying out sprinkler lines we usually find it is best to lay two hnes across the middle of the field and alternately shift each line toward the edge. In this way when watering is completed the pipe lines are on the out- side of the field where they can be loaded onto the trucks on solid ground to be shifted to the next field. — 73 — it- I Ml P 4 i r '*i ii I ''•' M ' k Tn nrdev to oDerate the field lines continuously, two large valves should be inserted in tUSheade^^ to control the flow of water. Before one line s shut off thl nexUine is turned on, thereby the pump is working continu- oyKVnd'wate^is ging'onto the field'while the --^ i^^ V^ ^.^^^^^ and set up We usually have four men working in a F.^w carrying tnree or ?our lengfhs of pipe together and breaking only ^^VnLw 'w ?s checkid The line is set over in 20 to 30 minutes, and then the new line is checKea to see that all the sorinklers are revolving, and none are stopped up. We usually operate a line in one spot for about an hour and a half, which .r.nifpr<.HehUv m^^^^^ 1" of water. An acre inch of water equals 27,000 llf^ns Wher^ a T/4^' x 7/32'' nozzle sprinkler delivers 18 gallons of water per S^e with ?5 pounds pressure and sprinklers -^^^P-.^.^^^^^i^i^^^^Vh '^^^ actually takes 1 hr. and 23 min. for the application of 1500 gallons, wf^^S^l^^ eSalent to an acre inch of water. Sometimes we run lines only 1-1/4 hrs., InZgaln as much as 1-3/4 hrs. A line of 18 sprinklers set 40 feet apart or 720 felfof sprinkler pipe equals one acre, when the lines are shifted 60 feet lich t!me Tline of ^36^1prinklers set 40 feet apart or 1440 feet of sprinkler pfpeeSs two acres. The 60 foot spacing of the lines provides a good oyer- fafof the waTer from each sprinkler which seems to be necessary to get an even application when the wind is blowing. The length of time or period of watering varies with the type of soil the kind and Ige of the crop, and the degree of f ^^f ^^;„fif .^^'e i^oLTu'^^^ the idea is to apply enough moisture from the top to meet the moisture in tne o?l below p'^netrating the entire root zone. Shallow hurried water^^^^^^ usually not advisable since it may encourage the development of a shallow root system which would later be injured by dry weather in case the field were not r^Wlte^^^^ at the proper time. Also it would not bring plant foods ^to solutLTfor use of the cro^P ^' lower depths Th^rate of applicati^^^ of water should be somewhat slower than the soil will absorb it, in order to prevLtTe possibility of puddling, run-off or erosion. The steepness of Cs? and the nature of the soil will greatly affect the absorption and run- off and also regulate the rate of application. Sprinkler water penetrates a cultivated surface more readily than a hard crusted soil. In operating the field lines there should be an adequate supply of valves, teffittSy fittings,^ p^ size reducers, and end plugs in the line in order to save ttae in connecting up the system. In turning water into field lines the valve should be opened slowly so as to force out the air gradually. This avoids ^he danger of building up a high pressure which ^^ break the lines^ The portable system can be readily used for applying fertilizer, and the effect on the croup is usually immediately seen since it goes on in a soluble form that is taken up at once by the plant. This is done by cutting in a valve on the discharge side of the pump with a short piece of hose which runs water into a barrel containing the fertilizer. After the fertilizer is dissolved by stirring with a paddle, it is sucked up by another piece of hose connected to a valve on the suction side of the pump. In applying fertilizer this way it should be drawn out of the barrel slowly in order to get an even distribution over the field. A table of application can be figured out for the use of work- men For instance if we wish to apply 200 lbs. of fertihzer per acre, we .lUSt tell the irrigator to use 100 lbs. for every nine sprinklers in the Ime, when they are set 40 by 60 feet. To get 300 lbs. per acre he would apply 100 lbs. for every six sprinklers. , . * i *^^ The valve and hose on the discharge side of the pump is also useful for filling up spray tanks and plant-setters out in the field. However, if the hose is to be used for this purpose it should be of rather large size in order to fill the tanks up quickly. V. Cost of Portable Irrigation Equipment. The cost of large power pumping units such as we have will run from ^i,uuu to $1,200. We find tfeat it pays to have the automatic thermostatic control which shuts off the motor in case of low water supply or overheating in tne circulation system, and which shuts off the engine when the oil level drops low. Our engines are equipped with the "Motorguard,' made by the K. K. — 74 — Wilson Company, 10 Lock St., Buffalo, N. Y. This eliminates the necessity of having a man to look after the pump while it is in operation except for peri- odic refueling and greasing. The cost of the 8" pipe runs about $1.25 per foot, and the 6" about $1,00 and the 4" about 75c. Sprinkler heads usually cost from $6.00 to $9.00 de- pending upon the make, style and size. The gasket is usually included with the cost of the pipe. A 5" x 4" centrifugal pump will probably cost about $300. The following table will give some idea of the approximate cost of vari- ous sized portable pumping systems, and the area that can be irrigated figur- ing on watering once in every ten days. The approximate investment cost will run from $30 to $50 per acre. Horse- Acres ir- Length of Pump Size power Total Inv. Cost rigated Sprinkler Line in G.P.M. of Engine Cost per Acre 10 450 ft. of 3" 100 g.p.m. 10 H.P. $ 500.00 $50.00 25 400 ft. of 3" 400 ft. of 4" 200 g.p.m. 20 H.P. 1,200.00 48.00 50 800 ft. of 4" 400 g.p.m. 30 H.P. 2,000.00 40.00 150 800 ft. of 4" 600 ft. of 6" 800 g.p.m. 70 H.P. 4,500.00 30.00 VL Results Obtained from Portable Irrigation The results secured from the use of portable irrigation pipe for supplying supplemental water to crops has proven to be entirely practical and eco- nomical. Last season we estimated that it cost us an average of about $8.00 per acre per watering using expensive war time labor. The speed of watering for one of our large 5" x 4" pumping units (800 g.p.m.) is about one acre per hour after set up and going. However, due to time lost in shifting and setting up, our units only average about 2/3 acre per hour. In New Jersey, a four year test by Mr. John C. Campbell of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, with portable irrigation on potatoes, show- ed an average increase in crop value of $40 per acre for all tests. In 1944 re- sults showed an average increase of 88 bu. per acre of U.S. 1 potatoes. Mr. Campbell uses a Tensiometer to tell when the soil is dry enough to irrigate. He says this shows up a dry condition in the soil before the plant will show wilting. The Tensiometer registers the amount of pull the plant has to over- come in order to get water from the soil, and he says a plant can get water easier from a sandy soil than from a heavier soil. The Tensiometer measures the degree of vacuum in inches, and when it reads 25 inches they start to water. With the portable system it is not usually possible to get as even an ap- plication of water as with the over-head permanent pipe-and-post system of installation due to the fact that water spills out of the pipe lines when they are broken for shifting, and this accumulates in the low spots in the field. Also, there may be an occasional leak due to carelesness in coupling, by get- ting a pebble under the washer, or due to damage to the pipe caused by han- dling. However, for all practical purposes the pipe is entirely satisfactory. Some of the main advantages from the use of portable irrigation pipe are the comparative cheapness of applying water to a valuable crop which might otherwise be lost by a drought, and to the fact that water can be put on the crop which needs it most, or which my bring the greatest return in dol- lars per acre watered. While it is true that a certain amount of damage is done to the crop by workmen stepping on the rows, and laying the pipe on the plants, still this does not amount to much compared to the benefit of the water applied on the crop. Another big advantage is the fact that there are no posts or ob- structions left in the field when the watering job is done to cause inter- ference with tillage operations, or the use of tractors in plowing, harrowing, and planting the field to another crop, which can proceed even in dry weather. — 75 — I iiri' ilip I t P It Irrigation for all Crops and Orchards ti i## INSURE' Crop Production By Irrigating >i W Jr^^^^^^n^ftM^Jfflffi '^'(i^ ^^^~:^^'"'>-^--^ ■■■■\^««^--"- ■■ ■-: ##1 r## RAIN' Where and When You Want It '« I COMPLETE PORTABLE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Champion Portable Pipe and Valves Skinner Revolving Sprinklers — sand proof Transite Pressure Pipe for underground lines "RAIN-O-MATIC" Portable Power Pumping Units Sizes: 100 to 2,000 Gallons Per Minute SPECIALISTS IN IRRIGATION Hamilton & Company has designed and sold Irrigation Systems for many different crops grown on over 100,000 acres. We invite your irrigation problems and our Irrigation Engineering Service is always available to you. We will gladly plan your complete Irrigation System, including necessary pipe, valves, fittings, pump, sprinklers, engine or mounted portable power pumping unit and furnish you with an estimate. Write us today. O. K. Champion Power Potato Diggers Boggs Potato Graders and Equipment Trescott Fruit and Vegetable Machinery Peach Defuzzers, Graders and Conveyors Apple Graders, Waxers and Cleaners Tomato and Sweet Potato Graders, Washers and Waxers Lima and Snap Bean Cleaners and Conveyors HAMILTON & COMPANY EPHRATA, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA TELEPHONE 678 DISTRIBUTORS P. O. BOX 178 Penniylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, D. of C. / Post- War Adjustments The following is an abstract of an article by Dr. H. C. Thompson, Head, Department of Vegetable Crops, Cornell University, in the New York State Vegetable Growers' Association News Letter, February 28, 1945. Acreage and production of vegetables has been greatly expanded during the war. The greatest expansion in production has been, in general, in those crops that are processed. It seems likely that the demand for vegetables will be as great immediately after the war as it is now. Some drastic adjustments may be necessary in the production of certain crops in which there has been the greatest ex- pansion in the past three or four years. During the past 30 years per capita consumption of vegetables has increased about 40 per cent. However the present per capita con-- sumption is less that that required for good nutrition. The per capita consumption of processed vegetables has increased much more than has that of fresh vegetables, and the per capita consumption of po- tatoes has markedly declined. It is probable that there will be a decline in the production of vege- tables for processing in the immediate post-war period. However, the great expansion in quick freezing that is expected in the post- war period may so stimulate consumption of vegetables that the per capita consumption will continue to rise. The consumption of luxury foods, including most of the vegetables, will be determined to a considerable extent by the employment situation. It seems unlikely that civilian consumption will increase enough immediately after the war to absorb the large increase that has taken place in the production of processed vegetables. Nearly one-third of the canned vegetables, one-fourth of the frozen vegetables and practically all of the dehydrated vegetables have been taken by the Armed Forces and Lend-lease. In spite of this, civilian consumption of canned vegetables has been higher during the war years than in che immediate pre-war period. Frozen Vegetables The preservation of vegetables by quick freezing is one of the new developments in recent years and, while it is still a relatively small industry, it bids fair to become of great importance in the post-war period. Production of frozen vegetables jumped from an average of 75 million pounds per year for the years 1937-39 to about 230 million pounds in 1943, or approximately a three-fold increase. It seems prob- able that only a few kinds of vegetables will be quick frozen in any considerable quantity in the near future. In 1943 six crops consti- tuted about 80 per cent of the total pack of frozen vegetables. These are asparagus, snap beans, lima beans, corn, peas and spinach, with peas accounting for about 34 per cent of the total. Broccoli, brussels — 77 — I I M-j (I I < I. » sprouts, carrots, cauliflower, rhubarb, pumpkin and squash also were frozen in small quantities. Improvement in processing methods, especially quick freezing, and the probable great expansion of preservation by quick freezing after the war, may have a far-reaching effect on areas of production. The quality of many fresh vegetables deteriorates so rapidly in the channels of trade that the consumer is begging to substitute the quick-frozen product for the fresh product. Furthermore, the short- age of house servants is likely to increase the demand for products that require the least labor to prepare for the table. Processed vege- tables, especially the quick-frozen product, may take the place of a large part of the fresh product of several kinds of vegetables. Such a change may result in increase in demand for certain vegetables and a lessened demand for the fresh product grown in distant areas.. Such a change may result also in a decrease in demand for certain vege- tables grown in New York. Crops whose average yields are low in New York State are likely to be grown elsewhere. The areas that can place the vegetables on any particular market at the lowest cost, quahty considered, are the areas that should, and probably will continue to supply that market. It is logical to con- clude that the areas best adapted to the production of high quality vegetables at low cost per unit will continue in production. Even with a great development of quick freezing, there will still be large demands for fresh vegetables since many of them are eaten raw and others do not lend themselves to processing. It might be ex- pected that practically all of the celery, lettuce, endive, radishes, muskmelons and watermelons will be eaten in the fresh condition.' Most of the potatoes, onions, peppers and several others will be mar- keted without processing. Regardless of the development of proces- smg there will still be demand for the fresh product of most kinds of vegetables. The consumption of vegetables per capita has increased steadily in the past 25 or 30 years. Consumption per capita of fresh vegetables has increased about 30 per cent since 1918 and consumption of canned vegetables has more than doubled in the same period. From about 1918 to the present time the per capita consumption of vegetables has increased about 40 per cent. The consumption of potatoes, however, has decreased from about 200 pounds per person per year to around 125 to 130 pounds at the present time. With vegetables, other than potatoes, there is possibility of further increase in per capita consumption. This will likely take place if high employment and high wiages are maintained. If, however, there is much unemployment and if wages are lowered, it is probable that there will be a decrease in per capita consumption of vegetables, ex- --78 — cept potatoes. In the period immediately after the end of hostilities a decrease m demand for vegetables may be expected. But after that the demand will depend to a large extent on employment and gen- eral economic conditions. If conditions are good, the consumption trends of the past few years should continue. Competition will be keen and to be successful it will be necessary to do a better job of production and marketing than they have done m the past. Every effort should be made to keep down costs by ef- ficient use of labor and equipment, and by following the best pro- duction, handling and marketing practices. READING BONE FERTILIZER CO. READING. PA. Manufacturers of "QUALITY FERTILIZERS" for Vegetable Crops Distributors of "DOW Spray Materials" «■ I P NEW SWEET CORN HYBRIDS LINCOLN— a most popular new hybrid for home or market grower. WILSON— a late yellow hybrid of Stowells Evergreen Also Spancross, Marcross, Carmelcross, Old Hickory and Golden Cross Bantam. Just drop a card for our descriptive list. HUNTINGTON BROTHERS Box H, Windsor. Conn. B, MEIER & SON, Inc. FOOD BROKERS Representing some of America's finest canners. REPRESENTATION FOR ONE OR TWO REPUTABLE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 209 Bronx Terminal Market New York 5L New York PLANT A GARDEN .. • ■''i '^x.'^y^- ''.mi^mM ^^- v^*5»:**i' ' i liOM^I Garden Fresh Vegetables Are Good to Eat. For home use, local markets and processing^ only the best varieties of vege- tables should be planted in well -prepared, fertile soiL according to seasonal adaptations and family or market demands and harvested at their best stage of maturity. ^ Prepare Vegetable Garden and Field Soils Carefully. Work the ground only when it is dry enough. Prepare early. Weeds may be controlled much more easily when the soil is prepared a month ahead of planting and germinating weed seedlings are destroyed before the crop ii planted. Continued on page eighty-two — 80 — * X'^ ( 0^i>> WORKING FOR YOU Yes, these two men are in your employ. By your incessant demand for only the best, WOODRUFF maintains a staff of men whose job it is to produce, and see that you get, the finest in vegetable seed. Their painstaking activities, based on long years of experience, assures you of DEPENDABLE SEED. ^" UIOODRUFF <^ sons inc. •^•■••■f ■■•■■ ■ MILFORO. CONN. ALSO AT : ATLANTA - DALLAS- SACRAMENTO - TOLEDO •, Mi t r " » I il > I I I " » • k Eificient Use of Fertilizer in the Garden In addition to the broadcast application of fertilizer, applied deeply so that the roots may take it up as it dissolves in the soil moisture, additional small amounts may be applied deeply alongside the row to obtain a good start. Careful Planting is Profitable. Crop yields often may be predicted accurately by the time the plants have become well established in the soil. Seed of the best strains, in a package labeled with a guaranteed high percentage germination, planted in a well- prepared soil and properly spaced, is the first requisite for profitable yields. Cultivation in the home garden is easier when vegetables are planted in rows, preferably straight, and along the hill rather than with the slope. In the field, also, rows should be adjusted for efficient cultivation. Sweeps, for shallow cultivation, are best. Early cultivation, as soon as the rows can be seen, is important and should be followed shortly by the second cultivation to keep weeds from getting a start and to avoid much laborious hand weed- ing in the row. — 82 — GROWER to CONSUMER Our Policy for Over Fifty Years The consumer is quality and grade conscious and through our 2000 stores we offer a desirable out- let and a direct connecting link between the grower and the consumer for quality products. WE ARE IN THE MARKET FOR GOOD QUALITY. WELL GRADED PENNSYLVANIA FARM PRODUCTS— Write, wire or telephone your offerings. AMERICAN STORES CO. ACME SUPER MARKETS 424 North 19th St., Philadelphia 30, Penna. Telephone LOCust 4000 M «i ., • .'• Fertilizer Suggestions for Vegetable Crops JESSE M. HUFFINGTON Crop Asparagus Beets, Carrots Beans, Snap, Edible Soy Beans, Lima Cucumbers Muskmelon Pumpkin, Squash Cabbage, Broccoli Cauliflower Com, Sweet Celery, Leaf Lettuce, Spinach Lettuce, Head Onions Peas Potatoes, Sweet Tomatoes Medium Loam Soils Manure or No Manure or Clover Sod Clover Sod 1000 lbs. 5-10-10 1000 lbs. 4-12-12 500 lbs. 4-12-4 or 3-12-6 750 lbs. 4-12-4 750 lbs. 4-12-4 750 lbs. 4-12-4 200-400 lbs. 0-20-0 or 4-16-4 1000 lbs. 5-10-5 1000 lbs. 3-12-6 1200 lbs. 3-12-6 500-750 lbs. 4-16-4 or 4-12-4 800 lbs. 6-12-12 800 lbs. 4-16-4 or 3-12-6 1500 lbs. 5-10-10 1500 lbs. 5-10-10 750 lbs. 4-12-4 or 5-10-5 1000 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 1000 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 1000 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 400-600 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 1500 lbs. 5-10-5 1500 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 1500 lbs. 4-12-8 750-1000 lbs. 4-12-4 or 3-12-6 1000 lbs. 3-12-15 1000 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 Sandy Loam Soils 2000 lbs. 5-10-10 2000 lbs. 5-10-10 1000 lbs. 5-10-5 or 4-12-8 1250 lbs. 4-12-8 or 5-10-10 1250 lbs. 4-12-8 or 5-10-10 1250 lbs. 4-12-8 or 5-10-10 600-800 lbs. 3-12-6 or 4-12-8 2000 lbs. 5-10-5 2000 lbs. 5-10-10 2000 lbs. 4-12-8 1000-1200 lbs. 5-10-5 1200 lbs. 3-12-15 1500 lbs. 5-10-10 The Choice oi Canners and Growers VHPF Soluble Fertilizer with Soluble Hormones for TOMATOES . TOBACCO - EGGPLANT - PEPPERS - CABBAGE and other transplanted and seed sown crops, VHPF is not an ordinary starter fertilizer. It is the result of extensive research work. It leaves practically no sediment in the tank or bucket. Speeds root growth — especially in cold soils. Starts plants quickly — increases their vigor. Does not burn. Annlications of 7-7-7, or similar fertilizer in the plow sole or drilled before DlowCmTb^^ ^or beans, cucurbits, cabbage, sweet corn and tomatoes at the rat^ of 750 or more pounds per acre, but should a ways be foUowed by f row Application of high phosphorous fertilizer to ob am early root develop- ment for absorption of the deep applications of fertilizer. — 84 — Only a small quantity VHPF is required. 2 to 3 pounds for each 100 gallons water. Can be applied with a transplanter, or with a sprayer, or a bucket. o Maryland Experiment Station says "VHPF significantly outyielded other starter solutions used." Delaware Experiment Station says "the tomato plants receiving VHPF held more green fruit at the end of the season." INCLUDE VHPF IN YOUR GROWING PROGRAM It will pay you w^ell Secure your supply from your local dealer or write us at once o— — MILLEB CHEMICAL & FERTILIZER CORP. 1000 S. Caroline Street BALTIMORE - 31 - MARYLAND u. 'l '\\ t I • Index to Advertisers Canners en Mifflin County Packing Company "^^ Farm Equipment A. B. Farquhar Company 24 The Oliver Corporation Fertilizers The American Agricultural Chemical Company ^^ Armour Fertilizer Works ^^ Lancaster Bone Fertilizer Company ^^ Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corporation oo Reading Bone Fertilizer Company '^ Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corporation ^0 Union Fertilizer Corporation ^^ Food Brokers ^q B. Meier & Son, Inc '^ Food Stores r^o American Stores Company ^'^ Insecticides and Fungicides . » Chipman Mfg. Company ti Dow Chemical Company ^° Niagara Sprayer and Chemical Company ^0 Pennsylvania Farm Bureau Cooperative Association 0^ G. L. Booker, Superintendent, Hail Dept Inside Back Cover Irrigation Supplies ' Atlas Supply Company ^° Buckner Manufacturing Company ^o California Corrugated Culvert Company oo Hamilton & Company Preservatives ^g Cuprinol, Inc Seed and Plants Associated Seed Growers, Inc V ' • j* ' ^ " ; V^ ir W. A. Burpee Company Inside Front Cover Glick's Seed and Plant Farms ^° Joseph Harris Company J^ Holmes Seed Company ^° Huntington Brothers 'j Robson Seed Farms • • • • • • •_ "^ Scheirs Seed House Back Cover Francis C. Stokes, Ltd t'i Stumpp & Walter Company ^^ Tapperson Seed Company '^^ F. H. Woodruff & Sons ^^ Soil Testers LaMotte Chemical Products Company o4 Sprayers and Washers John Bean Manufacturing Company 31 Felins ; • • ;^ oq The F. E. Myers & Brother Company ^^ — 86 — PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS NEWS PUBLISHED.-JANUARY. MARCH, MAY, JULY AND DECEMBER Vol. XV 625 Holmes St., State College, Pa., May, 1945 No. 3 A Publication of The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association Annual dues are $1.00, 80 cents of which is for subscription to the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News. Single Copy — 25c President . L^^ig ^^-^^^^ Bridgeville Vice-President h. H. Hostetter, Sinking Spring Sec y-Treas Jesse M. Huffington, 625 Holmes St., State College ^^^«<^*<»^s Ray W. Wenker, Bustleton Mark S. Ladd, Waverly w u* -^S^^S' ^1^^ Morrison Dr., Pittsburgh 16 y^3J^^?- Peeling, R. 1, Williamsport A. C. Thompson, R. 1, Morrisville COMMITTEES* Exhibit Prooram ^ RTaT'^Ivvland"'^''' "^'"'''°" ?' «i H°«tetter, Sinking Spring Fa?m Show ^^"''^''' ^"'"^*°» George H. Gaugler, R. 2. Port Emei^^on W. Kane, Washington wX°Hastings, Box 675. Harris- '■ Lan^casti''' ^^ '^'''''^'^ ^*- "< B^ieynolds. West Chester A H MenL Rrictni ^^^^ SutliflF, Shickshinny LAsfative and „ 'J' Weinschenk, R. 1. /ew Castle AHiliated Organizations Publications Ray W. Wenker, Bustleton 2,^ ^- Watts, Bellwood F. H. Garrahan, 100 S. Thomas 5^^' 9; King, Morrisville Ave., Kingston "• ' • Houser, R. 4, Lancaster J. J. Styer, Concordville Ten-Ton Tomato. Pea, and Marketing other Keystone Clubs Rowland S. Comly, Bustleton 5' Yf- Huffnagle, Quarryville Noah Hershey.Parkesburg °- Snavely Garber, Willow Street Wm. H. Yerkes, Jr., Buckingham W. E. Grove, 120 N. Sixth Street, Membership r, CJjambersburg Alvan cVompson, R. 1, Morris- L^h^l^^^j^Xor^.^^NSX R. Bruce Dunlap, 3125 Chestnut ^'bS^g^' ^human. R. 3, Blooms- CariD^ hJ.H^^'r 1 T itif, Lee Smeltzer, Bellefonte ^'EBZ^^— - - --• -"college M.''s.'La'^^cl!'wa'& "^^ T. Wentz, Ambler W. E. Peeling, R. 1, Williamsport " T • ?■ ,?,'^''P- Pittsburgh, 16 * The first named member of each L.. J. Wagner, R. 5, North East committee is the chairman. — 3 — V • IRREGULAR PAGINATION •«' til ■. ■!•! ,1 tt Timely News Articles Local Organizations Affiliate 5 Canning Companies Honor Growers 5 Hanover Canning Company to Receive "Star" Award 5 Snap Bean Support Price Restored 5 Philadelphia Vegetable Growers Coop. Assn 6 Retention of Vitamin C in Green Vegetables 7 Replies to Resolutions Committee 8 Scranton Farmers' Market 8 Keeping Up To Date 9 Some Post War Problems of Producers 12 Vegetable Growers Post War Problems 14 Better Merchandising of Fruits and Vegetables 16 Spinach in Ready to Use Package 19 Chemicals Tested to Control Weeds 21 Consumer Purchases of Vegetables During Wartime 23 Marketing by Air Transport 26 Why Consumers Buy at Farmers' Markets 28 Sweet Corn Production (Illustrated) 31-46 Sweet Corn Varieties and Strains 32 Spacing Sweet Corn for Maximum Yields 34 Offers Program for Corn Borer Control 42 Plow Attachments Aid in Corn Borer Control 44 An Opinion on "Green Wrap" Tomatoes 48 Tomato Fertilizer Placement 48 Four-H Club Work is Beneficial 50 Pea Growers Urged to Watch for Aphids 50 Effect of Seed Spacing on the Yield of Snap Beans 52 Wood Preservatives for Vegetable Farms 54 Commercial Tomato Plants Need Care 59 Using Idle Soils Profitably 60 Questions and Answers 66 Index to Advertisers 70 — 4 — Local Organizations Affiliate Luzerne County leads local organizations which have a 100% member representation in The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association. Last year the Wilkes-Barre Association, with F. H. Garrahan, President, first enrolled the entire membership. The dues of the local organization are $2.00 a year, $1.00 of which goes to the State Association. This year the Bloomingdale Vegetable Growers' Association, in the Shickshinny section of which Dana Sutliff is President enrolled its entire membership. In April, the Carverton Association orga- nized to cover the Wyoming section and enrolled its members. John Lord was elected President of this Association. Canning Companies Honor Growers The honor of 100% membership among canning crops growers goes to Hanover Canning Company, at least, to all of their contrac- tors to April. Other contractors for crops for processing include honor growers in the membership list. These include the following: Campbell Soup Company, Consumer Packing Company, Deerfield Packing Company, Chef Boy-Ar-Dee Quality Foods, Inc., H. J. Heinz Company, Edgar J. Hurff Company, Hungerford Packing Company, Gibbs and Company, Inc., Standard Brands, Inc. (The Loudon Divi- sion), and Charles G. Summers, Jr., Inc. Hanover Canning Company to Receive ''Star'' Award In recognition of continued outstanding performance in food pro- cessing, the Hanover Canning Company of Hanover, is being award- ed the War Food Administration's "Star" award. This plant is among the first nine approved for this recognition, and the first one in Pennsylvania. Performance records of other plants are under review. This plant was awarded WFA's Achievement "A" award a little over a year ago, given on the basis of the plant's meeting high per- formance records for a period of a year or a processing season. The *'Star" is the second-year award. Snap Bean Support Price Restored Grower Support Prices for Round Pod Green and Wax varieties of Snap Beans in Pennsylvania have been increased to $92.50 per ton. The price for Flats and Black-seeded Rounds is $85.00 per ton. The Pennsylvania Canners Association, on behalf of the growers and canners of Snap Beans in Pennsylvania, led the movement. — 5 — If I t I* .2 »l 1 ll ..« 11 • « The Philadelphia Vegetable Growers Cooperative Association R. B. DONALDSON* Twenty-four years of successful cooperation lie behind the present program of the Philadelphia Vegetable Growers Cooperative As- sociation, organized at Bustleton, Pennsylvania, on June 9, 1921, by a group of vegetable growers from Philadelphia and lower Bucks Counties primarily as a cooperative purchasing association. Its activities have grown steadily until they now include a complete purchasing and marketing program. Some of the men who helped organize the cooperative and who comprised the first Board of Di- rectors were Rowland R. Comly, William G. Wenker, Sr., Howard N. Dudley, Sr., H. H. Humphries, T. Herman Fleming, Stanley Q. Becker and Thomas F. Biddle. A review of the early history of this cooperative shows that the first activities of the association were confined to the purchase of fertilizers, lime, spray materials and other supplies. It is interesting to note that during the early 20's the association purchased five or six carloads of seed potatoes each spring, whereas at the present time no such purchases are made as vegetables have generally re- placed potatoes in this section. At this time the volume of business of the association usually amounted annually to more than $100,000. During the early 30's commodity prices were lower and there did not seem to be so much need for the association. For the next few years only the faithful members stuck to the association. During 1937, the association began a new life when members of the Board saw an opportunity for the cooperative to fill a much needed place in the marketing of locally grown vegetables. Rowland R. Comly was elected President of the Board and shortly there- after Ray W. Wenker was appointed manager, at first on a part- time basis, operating his own farm in conjunction with his duties as manager of the cooperative. He later discontinued farming and took over the Association's activities as full time manager. With the beginning of the 1942 season, the association started its sales program by moving large quantities of pansies to markets which had never been served by the individual grower. Since then large quantities of rhubarb, spinach, beets, carrots, turnips, par- snips, rutabagas, tomatoes, radishes and sweet corn have been sold ♦ Agricultural Economics Extension, The Pennsylvania State College. Irrigation is an excellent insurance against variable soil moisture and the resulting losses in quality on the market. through the cooperative and shipments have been made as far south as Florida and as far north as Boston. A rather unique and successful sweet corn marketing program has been carried on for the past three years. This program was con- ceived and developed for the purpose of supplying the consumer with daily deliveries of garden fresh sweet corn. Deliveries are made by the cooperative direct to the retail store by nine o'clock in the morning, the corn having been pulled that same morning. In order to guarantee high quality fresh corn the association maintains constant field supervision and an adequate system of inspection on all shipments of corn. In the fall of 1942, the Association purchased a 25 acre site of land located at Street Road and Old Lincoln Highway in Trevose, and erected a modern warehouse and sales office. The volume of business of the Association has increased from $20,000 in 1938 to over $500,000 in 1944. Membership has greatly increased and the list of satisfied customers is comprised of independent buyers as well as chain store operators from all parts of the eastern United States. As a further step in obtaining satisfactory market outlets for its members, the Philadelphia Vegetable Growers Cooperative Associa- tion plans to operate a wholesale auction block beginning the early part of May and being held on the present location in Trevose. Fruits, vegetables, berries and potatoes will be sold through this cooperative auction, which will be patterned somewhat after the New Jersey fruit and vegetable auctions. The present officers of the Association include Rowland R. Comly, President; Oliver P. Dud- ley, Vice President; Elmer F. Meyers, Secretary; Ray W. Wenker, Manager and Treasurer and D. W. Maxheimer, Assistant Manager. Retention of Vitamin C in Green Vegetables in a Retail Market A report of the effect of snow-ice on the retention of vitamin C in green vegetables displayed in a retail market is contained in the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 3, February 1945. For periods of eight hours, leaf lettuce, green beans, and spinach were displayed in a retail grocery store in two ways: on a conven- tional sheet-iron rack and in a Belshaw Vitamin-sealed Snow-ice System display unit. Ascorbic acid was lost rapidly from all these vegetables when dis- played without ice at room temperature; ascorbic acid was retained better in the same vegetable when displayed on snow-ice. The quahty and appearance of the vegetables displayed on snow- ice were better than those vegetables held at room temperature. «i i " • n 6 — — 7 »' Ih '.'h '», u I II 4 • • •t SCRANTON FARMERS' MARKET This market started with 13 members, operating as a retail market, 3 mghts a week from 6 to 10:30 p.m., and is still 95% retail. The 5th year was completed Nov. 24, 1944, with 58 stalls, no transients. At the annual meet- ing It was voted unanimously to locate in a more permanent site.—(M. S. Ladd). Replies to Resolutions Committee Hon. Miles Horst, Secretary, Penna. Department of Agriculture "I have already taken the matter up with members of the Legis- lature and with the Administration and hope we can get under way at least some of the things you people are interested in." Hon. D. Emmert Brumbaugh, House of Representatives, Congress of the U. S. "I am pleased to have the viewpoint of the organization expressed on the various issues of national moment as they are contributing factors in the future success of the Pennsylvania Vegetable Grow- ers' Association and in Agriculture in general." — 8 — Keeping Up To Date A. R. JUNINGER* Every day new rnethods in growing vegetables are in the process of being tested at the various experiment stations, both federal and state, throughout the country. Some of these methods will be dis^ carded as unsatisfactory; some will be retained and the information passed on to you growers. As soon as this information is passed out to the agricultural field in general it is up to you to compare the new methods with what you already have in practice. That is gqod business, and we like to think of the vegetable growers as good busi- nessmen. Much of the material that comes out of the experiment stations will not apply to your particular locality, but it is entirely possible that the basic ideas or method can be altered to fit your par- ticular situation. •' ^ As iniportant as your colleges are the county agents. They never ire m their efforts to help you with your problems-they have the latest information and are always glad to help you in your work. Keep Up to Date" with your local county agent, he always is ready with useful information as it applies to your particular situation. then, too, you cannot overlook the information that comes from your state department of agriculture. But an important item that I want to stress, and one which I am sorry to say many growers overlook, is the market situation. Far too many growers haul their produce to the local market, whether it be an auction market, city market or what have you, without first determining what the market situation is on a particular item Gluts on i^any items are the result of this oversight. Too many growers are hauling their vegetables both ways, to market and back, when there is no sale for their particular commodity. Keep posted on the current market situation, find out if the market can absorb your produce before you haul it to town. You cannot make money haul- ing produce both waj-.s. I am well aware of the fact that all of you as vegetable growers nave problems now such as labor, supplies, transportation, etc. These are problems that probably seem as hard to solve as any you will nave. Don't be fooled, these will seem like minor problems when you are confronted with the big postwar problem. Let me impress upon you the big problem that is going to confront you when the nnal peace is signed, DISTRIBUTION. DISTRIBUTION is going to oe the major problem of the post war world for the vegetable grow- er. Distribution of your product, both to the commission man and through retail outlets. * Editor, MARKET GROWERS JOURNAL, Louisville. Ky. . . : ^ — 9 — m .•''J* ill \ I t .ll t t ■ p •^1 IP It is important that you as growers keep up to date on every little detail that will tend toward better distribution of your produce. If I were to list the most important things that will play a factor in distribution I believe I would head my list with "a good consumer package." Some of you will say that this is not your problem, but the problem of the retail outlet and the commission man. Don't fool yourself — this is your problem, and one that you must face eventu- ally. The commission men and the retailers are going to expect the grower to do something about a consumer package for several rea- sons. First, because it will mean less waste produce for them; sec- ondly, it will help to establish an individual grower's product and help create a consumer demand; third, it will be the means of forc- ing the grower to produce quality produce if he wants to find a market; fourth, it will mean easier selling, and handling, a big item in these days of super markets where merchandise must be moved in a hurry. The retailer is going to demand that his produce is packaged. Many experiments are being conducted along these lines. The A & P food stores are conducting an experiment with consumer packages in a Columbus, Ohio store of their chain. Recently, while in Cleveland I saw a package of leaf lettuce that was being put on the market. This is a new departure in consumer packages, but it shows that some grower is keeping up to date on what the market demands — this is thinking in the right direction. "Keep up to date" on the latest in package design; know what package will appeal to the consumer — know what is the latest in labels — "keep up to date" on the latest in labels that will sell your product, and you will be ready to enter the battle of distribution when this war is over. Keep abreast of the times and be ready with your package when the mad scramble for markets comes, and it is bound to come. To sum up the importance of "keeping up to date" I want to im- press upon you all that your big market after the war is your own country — the idea that we will export much of our farm produce is ridiculous — many of the liberated countries are already producing their own farm products, and as the war draws to its slow close many more countries will again regain their agricultural indepen- dency. Your market is going to be right here at home, and if we neglect to keep informed as to the latest methods of distribution we will soon find agriculture where it was twenty-five years ago- large crops, surpluses and no method of marketing or disposing. We have had this costly experience once, and we certainly do not want it to happen again. Agriculture as a whole, and the vegetable in- dustry in particular, must do all in its power to prevent a repetition of the glut markets that featured the 1920's. — 10 — GROWER to CONSUMER Our Policy for Over Fifty Years «i The consumer is quality and grade conscious and through our 2000 stores we offer a desirable out- let and a direct connecting link between the grower and the consumer for quality products. WE ARE IN THE MARKET FOR GOOD QUALITY, WELL GRADED PENNSYLVANIA FARM PRODUCTS- Write, wire or telephone your offerings. AMERICAN STORES CO. ACME SUPER MARKETS «fr ti 424 North 19th St„ Philadelphia 30, Penna. Telephone LOCu»t 4000 I!: ■fi • « ^ M Some Post War Problems of Producers^ ROGER B. CORBETT^ The basis of any forecasting is of necessity past experience. After every major war affecting the United States there have been two serious price and economic adjustments. One has come within a comparatively few months after the close of the war and the other has some several years after the close of the war. After World War I these depressions occurred approximately one and one-half years and eleven years after hostilities ceased. Dur- ing the first there was quite a serious slump in business activity; a sharp decline in prices and the beginning of the long agricultural depression which continued through 1939. This was the one that rocked the economic foundations of our nation. In all the planning that is being done on national, state and county levels, attention is concentrated on the adjustment period immedi- ately following the war. Virtually no thought is being given to the big slump which historically has come later. For example, the War of 1812 was followed by such a drop within a few years after the close of the war. Following the Civil War the famous depression of the 70s prostrated the country. In spite of all that has been done to control prices we have had a very real measure of inflation during World War II. In general inflation is not as great, taking all factors into consideration, as in previous wars. However, it seems that the only wise thing for us to do is to anticipate that price slumps and serious economic disloca- tions will occur. It is to be expected that there will be a period of real prosperity while shortages are being made up in industrial goods and housing. We will have many predictions that we are in a new era and that 1 Abstract of a talk given at the Annual Meeting of the Coooerative Fruit and Vegetable Association, Hotel New Yorker, New York, April 13, 1945. 2 Secretary, American Farm Bureau Federation. B. MEIER & SON, Inc. FOOD BROKERS Representing some of America's finest canners. REPRESENTATION FOR ONE OR TWO REPUTABLE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 209 Bronx Terminal Market New York 51, New York J — 12 — 1 prices wii; never again decline. Such predictions were very common among outstanding business men, bankers and economists in 1929 before prices broke. . i!lS °^'^°K^f' ""^J^^"' ^"^ equipment, agriculture has done a magnificent job of production. As soon as possible after the war closes, Europe will throw itself into full production. If some of the proposed plans of the Allies are carried out the production of Ger! many wil be agricultural rather than industrial. Everything in the situation mdicates that after the first scramble for food to prevent starvation and for seed to begin planting again, there will be a tre Z^r.fnrt"lT °' '°°.^ ^"^ accompanying price declines and .,?K I '• 7,^^ ""^^ ^°P^ ^^ that the "expanding economy" which IS being talked by certain of our economic leaders can beTea- hzed to a greater degree than most of us can imagine at the oresent time. To meet this situation the American Farm Bureau Federation has placed on the statute books the Steagall Amendment whScaSs lor the support of a number of agricultural crops at 90% of parity 90 BEAN <^'f'>v>K» ♦ - . ^^ , * . '♦*. . *. If I — Farm of William Yerkes, Buckingham At daybreak the job of harvesting "dew -kissed" sweet corn for several thousand dinner tables is done^ while another crew has already graded and packed the entire day's supply. — Blair County EFFICIENCY AND SPEED IN CANNING OPERATIONS. Sweet corn, after being pulled and loaded in the truck, is dumped from the truck to the conveyor at the processing plant. — 36 — I Courtesy Du Pont Company Wrapping garden produce in cellophane and freezing it at locker plants will provide fresh.. Ilavorsome food to approximately a million American families this year. Household rolls are available for this purpose, but one should make sure of getting the moisture-proof variety of film. — 37 — INTENTION AT , 2ND EXPOSURE •PftSVfSr t 'Ml m i — Bucks County HARVESTING SWEET CORN BEFORE BREAKFAST Lights, attached to batteries^ enable growers to harvest in the cool morn ing hours before daylight. 'JWd4^(MM^«»j w^^^mmtmK^Ass^^ —Farm of William Yerkes, Buckingham Designed for speed, this new hook-up of conveyors, lights, and trailer makes it possible to pick a large acreage of sweet corn "before the cock I — Bucks County THE FIRST STEP TOWARD A TASTY MEAL. Hooked to Wm. Yerkes' newly invented harvesting machine, is a trailer, which unloads the fresh ears of nutritious golden sweet corn to be packed into baskets. crows. —William Yerkes Farm. Bucks County BASKETS HELP TO IDENTIFY AND HOLD QUALITY. Each ear is inspected for quality, freedom from worms and other defects before it goes into the basket. »li,i — 38 — — 39 — "«1 ■:l .1 — Bucks County HARVESTING SWEET CORN BEFORE BREAKFAST Lights, attached to batteries, enable growers to harvest in the cool morn- ing hours before daylight. —Farm of William Yerkes, Buckingham Designed for speedy this new hook-up of conveyors, lights, and trailer makes it possible to pick a large acreage of sweet corn "before the cock crows." — 38 — — Bucks County THE FIRST STEP TOWARD A TASTY MEAL. Hooked to Wm. Yerkes' newly invented harvesting machine, is a trailer, which unloads the fresh ears of nutritious golden sweet corn to be packed into baskets. lii «^ li^Himmi. . I J-- —William Yerkes Farm. Bucks County BASKETS HELP TO IDENTIFY AND HOLD QUALITY. Each ear is inspected for quality, freedom from worms and other defects before it goes into the basket. — 39 — INTEPmONAL 2ND EXPOSURE li! m r> I )■ ■■) h J. KEENE SAULSBURY, President A. ROLAND THOMPSON, Secretary A. REED HAYES, JR., Treasurer MIFFLIN COUNTY PACKING CO. PENNSYLVANIA PACKED VEGETABLES REEDSVILLE. PA. LaMOTTE COMBINATION SOIL TESTING OUTFIT (Alto used for plant tissue test) For pH, potash, phosphorus and nitrate, all assembled in carrying case with complete apparatus, reagents and instructions: price $35.00 f.o.b. Towson. Same unit is used for test on plant tissue sample. LaMotte Chemical Products Co. Dept. VGN, Towson 4 Baltimore, Md. SEEDS Of High Quality Specialties — Golden Treasure Celery Golden Plume Celery Summer Pascal Celery Sawco Super White Boston Let- tuce— A large and improved strain of White Boston, oz. 40c, I lb. $1.25, 1 lb. $3.50. 1945 Seed Annual Free on Request 132 - 138 Church St. New York 8, N. Y. *rv ♦ GOLDEN CROSS BANTAM The introduction of Golden Cross Bantam by Purdue University and the U S. Dept. of Agriculture was a milestone in agriculture. This fact was recognized last year by the American Seed Trade Associa- tion in the presentation of a plaque to Glenn M. Smith, who was responsible for the program of breeding and selection which pro- duced this splendid hybrid. Golden Cross Bantam secured and holds its leadership because of unusually wide adaptation, resistance to wilt, and the high quality of its large, handsome ears. For the grower it is important that hybrid seed be secured from a competent and reliable source. Utilizing the experience gained in more than 20 years of inbreeding and production, we maintain and annually cross the parent inbreds with great care, and the Asgrow strain is renowned. ASSOCIATED SEED GROWERS, INC MILFORD, CONN. iiii I • I I I I I, I f I J. KEENE SAULSBURY, President A. ROLAND THOMPSON, Secretary A. REED HAYES, JR., Treasurer MIFFLIN COUNTY PACKING CO. PENNSYLVANIA PACKED VEGETABLES REEDSVILLE. PA. LaMOTTE COMBINATION SOIL TESTING OUTFIT SEEDS of High Quality Specialiies — Golden Treasure Celery Golden Plume Celery Summer Pascal Celery (Also used for plant tissue test) For pH, potash, phosphorus and nitrate, all assembled in carrying case with complete apparatus, reagents and instructions; price $35.00 f.o.b. Towson. Same unit is used for test on plant tissue sample. LaMotte Chemical Products Co. Dept. VGN, Towson 4 Baltimore^ Md. Sawco Super White Boston Let- tuce— A large and improved strain of White Boston, oz. 40c, I lb. $1.25, 1 lb. $3.50. 1945 Seed Annual Free on Request 132-138 Church St. New York 8, N. Y. t I ) GOLDEN CROSS BANTAM The introduction of Golden Cross Bantam by Purdue University and the U S. Dept. of Agriculture was a milestone in agriculture. This fact was recognized last year by the American Seed Trade Associa- tion in the presentation of a plaque to Glenn M. Smith, who was responsible for the program of breeding and selection which pro- duced this splendid hybrid. Golden Cross Bantam secured and holds its leadership because of unusually wide adaptation, resistance to wilt, and the high quality of its large, handsome ears. For the grower it is important that hybrid seed be secured from a competent and reliable source. UtiUzing the experience gained in more than 20 years of inbreeding and production, we maintain and annually cross the parent inbreds with great care, and the Asgrow strain is renowned. ASSOCIATED SEED GROWEBS, INC MILFORD, CONN. '( i .<•) INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE „i : h I it, Offers Program for Corn Borer Control A practical program for control of the European corn borer is of- fered by J. O. Pepper, extension entomologist of the Pennsylvania State College. The following suggestions, if practiced and put into effect by all farmers, will aid greatly in keeping the corn borer population in field corn at a low level. 1. Plant hybrid corn. Most hybrids stand up better than open- pollinated corn when infested by corn borer. 2. Cut field corn low and early. 3. Put all corn possible into the silo. 4. Shred or cut finely all stover, or burn unused portions of the plant. 5. Plow all short stubble under 4 to 6 inches in fall or spring. 6. Pole down high stubble and standing stalks when ground is frozen and bare. In the early spring rake and burn, or plow under all refuse 4 to 6 inches. 7. Clean up and burn or plow under all corn refuse before May 1. 8. Shell ear corn and burn the cobs before May 1. 9. Farmers carrying over a large amount of ear corn in cribs may catch many moths emerging from cobs by screening the crib tightly with ordinary fly screen. 10. Get rid of early sweet cornstalks in the fields or gardens im- mediately after the ears have been harvested. This can be done by putting them in the silo, feeding, or plowing them under. 11. Home and commercial ornamental flower growers should des- troy the old stalks or parts of plant above ground of all pithy, thick-stemmed plants. This can be done by collecting such ref- use and plowing it under or destroying it by burning before May 1. 12. Community effort is necessary for the above-mentioned control practices to be most helpful. Encourage and help your neighbor in the work. HARRIS SEEDS For men who appreciate and grow vegetables of fine quality there are no better seeds than those offered by JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY, INC. MORETON FARM ROCHESTER 11, N. Y. — 42 — Keep a Gallon Handy (It will not deteriorate) I STOPS ROT Apply Like Paint with a Brush Brush the surface and daub the ends— Cuprinol will protect the wood by penetrating the fibres and eliminating the nourishment on which rot fungus and insect borers feed. It is non-toxic for greenhouse and other horticultural use. Wherever you hove wood replacements or new con- struction, use Cuprinol. But you won't use Cuprinol if you don't hove It handy, so keep a gallon or two always ready. Its use will reduce future repairs and replacements, whether you apply it by brush, spray or dip. Cuprinol treated wood is harmless to seeds, plants, animals and poultry. Use it as a priming coot or by itself, and the greater the dampness the greater the need for Cuprinol. It overages 400 sq. ft. of wood treated to the gallon. In gallon, 5 gallon and 50 gallon drums. CUPRINOL, Inc., 33 Spring Lane, Boston 9, Mass. r i Kll N .HI ^ il i in p •l if h u ^l'-^?»J^* -L — Lancaster County Domestic Ryegrass, seeded at the last cultivation, at the rate of 20 to 30 pounds per acre, holds the valuable fertility necessary for future crops. —Clinton County Sweet corn fodder is a valuable green -manure crop, Tjrhen plowed down promptly and completely after harvest. — 46 — K For Outstanding Strains SWEET CORN YELLOW or WHITE HYBRIDS and OPEN POLLINATED Varieties Ask for s E ED s Grown by WOODRUFF of MiUord p< "lUOODRUFF isons inc. MILFORO. CONN. ALSO AT : ATLANTA - DAL LAS - SACRAM ENTO - TOLEDO «; r t — Lancaster County Domeslic Ryegrass, seeded at the last cultivation, at the rate of 20 to 30 pounds per acre, holds the valuable fertility necessary for future crops. — Clinton County Sweet corn fodder is a valuable green-manure crop, when plowed down promptly and completely after harvest. — 46 — 1 I I I For Outsfanding Strains SWEET CORN YELLOW or WHITE HYBRIDS and OPEN POLLINATED Varieties Ask for SEEDS Grown by WOODRUFF of Milford f. ■^UIOODRUFF &5ons inc. MILFORD, CONN. ALSO AT : ATLANTA - DALLAS- SACRAMENTO - TOLEDO INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE \i t Ill H l!> |)' I An Opinion on "Green Wrap Tomatoes DONALD ROBINSON* We do hear a lot about "green wrap" tomatoes these days and one of the main questions is, "How long will this demand for green wraps last?" Of course one man's guess may be as good as anothers, but I feel that until some other method of deUvering a good firm slicing tomato for salads and sandwiches is found, we will have a market for good quality green wraps. I do feel that quality cannot be stressed too strongly, especially if one is building for the future. It is easy to sell any grade on a sellers market which we have to- day but as conditions change, which they are going to do soon, it will be the "Survival of the Fittest," and the outfit that has a reputa- tion for quahty will find the road quite well paved for future sales. Dehydration and canning as well as green wraps have their sepa- rate places in the tomato industry, but I feel that we fellows in this dairy section where tomatoes are grown as a side cash crop, not re- quiring special farm equipment and their harvest time not interfer- ing with other farm crops, can do better with "green wraps" than handling them in other ways. * Tunkhannock, Pa. Tomato Fertilizer Placement Various methods of apphcation were compared with the common practice of drilling fertilizer before planting for the tomato crop by specialists of the University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. The standard treatment was 1,000 pounds of a 5-10-5 ferti- lizer per acre. The lowest yields, 26% below that of the standard treatment, resulted from broadcasting and disking the fertilizer into the soil. Drilling the fertihzer on the surface and plowing un- der in the preparation of the land resulted in a 157r increase at Ridgley, Maryland, and 9% at College Park, Maryland, over the drilled applications. Applying the fertilizer in a single band in the bottom of the furrow increased the yield 32% at Ridgley and 16%. at College Park. Apphcation in 2 bands 5 inches from the plants and 4 inches deep resulted in increases 33% at Ridgley and 27% at College Park. In the plow-under method, increasing the fertilizer from 500 to 1,000 pounds per acre gave increases in yields of 15';{: at Ridgley and 13% at College Park. Increasing the fertilizer from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds gave increases of 27% at Ridgley and 6% at College Park. Yield increases due to both rate and method of ap- plication were greater on the light soil at Ridgley than on the heavy, fertile soil at College Park. An increase in the potash from 5% to 10% in the 1,000 pounds per-acre plow-under application at Ridgley gave an increase in yield of 27%. — 48 — SAVE SAVE SAVE TIME LABOR TWINE with FELINS Marketing Equipment FELINS BUNCH TVER for Bunch Vegetables . Cut Flowers .... Nursery Stock . . . TORRENT BUNCH VEGETABLE WASHER for Washing all varieties of Bunch Vegetables. Over 1800 bunches an hour. FELINS ROOT CROP WASHER for Washing all varieties of Bushel Crop. 10 bushel capacity — 3 tons an hour. FELINS Milwaukee 6, Wisconsin *r ■ I i 'I I) I I :i » I 1 Four-H Club Work is Beneficial EARL S. SHENOT* Having completed 4 years as 4-H Club Leader, I have made a few observations on this work. Our club has always had from 7 to 10 members growing tomatoes as their project with 3 or 4 growing other vegetables. The most successful tomato club members have grown from 100 to 150 plants. Soil preparation, planting, fertilizing, and cultivating is done according to recommendations of the Agri- cultural Extension Service in our County. Most of the members used a mulch of straw for their tomatoes. When the tomatoes begin to ripen, the members are taught how to pick, grade and pack them. Most of these boys can now pack a very attractive basket of tomatoes. Yields for the past season ranged from 14 to over 20 pounds per plant — quite a lot more than 10 tons per acre. The people who are busiest of all are the ones who find time to have their children take part in 4-H Club Work. This work is some- times very trying and often exhausts one's patience, but surely nothing can be more beneficial to our Nation in its future than the clean healthful training its boys and girls receive in 4-H Club work. Would it not be better for farmers and vegetable growers, in par- ticular, to become more interested in this work? We would be doing far more by helping this work along than by complaining about war regulations and criticizing our Government and it's heavily burden- ed leaders. ♦ Wexford, Allegheny County, Pa. Pea Growers Urged to Watch for Aphids J. O. PEPPER Commercial plantings of peas must be watched carefully in the next few weeks for aphids, sometimes called "plant lice." Pea aphids are capable of becoming extremely numerous in a very short time. When pea aphid infestations reach the stage where dusting or spraying is deemed necessary, it must be done before any pods are set on the plant. All pea growers should keep a constant watch on their own fields for special conditions. The aphid population at present is not alarming, but he cautions against the "rapid build- up" possible by aphids. Late crops may be more subject to attack. — 50 — PROTECT YOUR VEGETABLE CROP with FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE'S Perfect Blend Dusts NONE SUPERIOR INSECTICIDAL and FUNGICIDAL Order Today From Your Local Farm Bureau Co-op or Service Agency PENNA. FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSN. 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg, Penna. For Greater Profits PLANT CLICK'S Tomolo Seed a Ptai IMPROVED STRAINS - PENNSYLVANIA CERTIFIED Rutgers — Marglobe — Grothens — Pritchard Pan America and Colco (Pink) Globe SPECIAL MENTION OF A NEW LEADER THE EARLY CANNER Matures about a week earlier than Rutgers. When JtwpH vVrv earlV from well-grown plants it has produced large yields be- f^theS of harvesT season. Bushy, vigorous foliage protects the closely «tcluftCTS of fairly large, deep. firm, scarlet tomatoes. Small seed caviUes l^dexcelllnt flaw make it weU suited to canning, especially stramed prod- S?ts.HS shown up particularly well in dry weather. ONLY A LIMITED SUPPLY AVAILABLE Adyise quantity needed. Particulars free. GUCK'S SEED FARMS GUCK'S PLANT FARMS SMOKETOWN. LANCASTER COUNTY. PENNA 1 U' \yi 1 1 ;i The Effect of Seed Spacing on the Yield of Snap Beans WILLIAM H. LACHMAN* The yields of crops are closely associated with the stand of plants. Verv close spacing of some crops, however, sometimes leads to a Jeduc^on in yTelcl^ro^ competition for light and air, not enough room to develop properly or unbalanced water and nutritional re- 'InTn Sort to study the effect of seed spacing on the YJf ^^ o^^-P h^on And Make Money While the Making Is Good 1945 will afford the best markets for Vegetables and Fruits that we have ever seen INSURE YOUR CROP YIELDS BY USING A CALCO PORTABLE RAINMAKER and stop watching the winds and clouds. * Write for Illustrated Catalog and the name of the nearest Rainmaker Dealer • California Corrugated Culvert Co. 7th 8i PARKER STREETS BERKELEY 2. CALIF. _- VST Ml €■ if ' Ir .> off by the preservative and this "tainted" the product, as when used on celery bleinching boards. Certain soluble copper compounds have been used for many years by European fishermen to rot-proof their ropes, fish nets, and the wood in their fishing boats. Only recently have such materials been introduced into the United States and still more recently have these been found useful for many other agricultural purposes. Forin- erly the mushroom growers used cypress lumber almost exclusively for the sides and bottoms of their mushroom beds because this wood is highly resistant to rot. Cypress is practically off the market now but the mushroom growers have found that ordinary lumber, it treated with Cuprinol, a soluble copper wood preservative, gave them a very satisfactory substitute. The greenhouse men who formerly used cypress for beds and benches, and for hot-bed, cold- frame and other construction, are having to depend on similar treat- ment of substitute woods. Evidence at this time indicates that they save considerable money by making this change. Cuprinol treat- ment is very simple. It is applied with a paint brush and the cost is only about §c per board foot for the material. There are many other uses for Cuprinol which will result in sub- stantial savings. One case which should not be over-looked is in the vegetable storage room. The humidity in such a room must be main- tained very high, otherwise the root crops or leafy vegetables will wilt and shrivel and soon become unmarketable. This high hu- midity condition results in ideal growing conditions for decay or- ganisms in the floors, walls, and partitions of the storage room. In one noteworthy case, the entire inside of the storage had to be treated with Cuprinol to stop growth of the molds and mildews which were growing so profusely on the lumber of which the in- terior was constructed. Such treatment is much less expensive than would be the replacement of all this interior woodwork. LANCASTER BONE FERTILIZER CO., Inc QuarryvlUe, Pa. Manufacturers of ''Conesioga Brand** fertilizeri Made in Pennsylvania for Pennsylvania soils. FOR BIGGER, BETTER CROPS • Vegetables • Fruits • Berries • Tobacco • Grains • Pasture NO GAMBLE ON THE WEATHER With Atlas Portable Overhead Irrigation As shown by picture above, you can end drought threat and insure ample irrigation for the growing season. This simple, inexpensive ^qj^PJ^^"* ^^ easily installed, easily operated and portable. For use ^J^^^^T^^^'J^^^^^^ controlled moisture . . . when and where you want it. Write today for Ulera- lure and prices. Attractive Territories Open For Dealers. Manufactured and Distributed by the ATLAS SUPPLY DIVISION Jones & Laughlin Supply Company 418 N. Main Street Muskogee, Oklahoma THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE OF ROTARY TILLAGE ARIENS TRACTORTILLER It harrows, Discs, Packs, and Levels the soil in one operation — Made in 2 sizes, 4 ft. and 5 ft. — motor driv- en or power take-off. — 56 — A complete job of fitting the soil after plowing. It leaves no wheel tracks on the field. The revolving tines thoroughly mix and aerate the soil evenly, leaving it in a uniformly tilled condition throughout. Depth ot operation is up to 12 inches under favorable conditions. It's decidedly an implement for market vegetable growers. Send for details now. ARIENS COMPANY, BRILLION, WISCONSIN t » !*! pi ! 'I* It') ill We mean protection against the inroads of crop insects and diseases through the use of Niagara insecticides and fungicides and dusting machines. Niagara pioneered the development of the dusting method and Niagara dusters embody the principles of dust application essential to the success of the dusting method. Experienced market growers are familiar with the reliability and effective- ness of Niagara fungicides and insecticides. They know that with Niagara products they secure the greatest amount of even coverage with the least poundage and cost. Consult your Niagara Dealer for detailed information or write us direct. NIAGARA SPRAYER AND CHEMICAL CO., INC. MiddUpoxt, New York IS* Commercial Tomato Plants Need Care Give tomato plants a good start on receiving word that plants are arriving for commercial plantings. These plants need special han- dling and care at the time of transplanting. For successful yields, use only plants that are free from disease, not less than 3/16th of an inch thick, have well-developed stems from 6 to 9 inches tall, strong, fairly straight, firm but not soft or woody, and having a healthy green-colored foliage and a well- developed root system. Soil should be prepared well in advance of the arrival of the plants, so they may be planted immediately— provided it is not too wet. Plants should be protected from intense sunlight and drying winds while being delivered. Remove lids from all baskets at time of arrival on farm. Remove from the middle of each basket about a quarter to a half of the plants or one bundle if the bundle contains 100 plants— or two bun- dles if each contains 50 plants. Place these bundles in extra baskets, adjusting bundles in all baskets to permit free circulation of air. Do not open bundles packed in moss or other water-absorbent material until immediately before transplanting. If the plants are wilted, place baskets in water not over 3 inches deep— for 5 minutes. Do not wet the stems or leaves of the plants. Tear a hole in the bot- tom of the paper wrapper around each bundle before dipping in water, to permit rapid absorption and immediate drainage after re- moval from water. Do not stack the watered baskets." If the plants must be stored, the best temperature is between 50 jmd 60 degrees and in a dry, well-ventilated cellar, on an outdoor shed Plants must be protected from intense sunlight and drying winds After the bundles are opened for transplanting, keep roots damp and then set the plants deeply, applying water to the roots and covering roots firmly with dry soil. Quickly soluble, commercially prepared plant starter may be used to good advantage in the water applied to the roots. If that is not available, then a 4-12-4 or similar fertilizer can be prepared by Dlacing 50 pounds in one or two burlap bags, soaking overnight m a 50-eallon barrel. From 5 to 10 gallons of this mixture in the tank can be used on the transplanter. Or a 20 per cent superphosphate may be used instead of the 4-12-4. By Investing in the 7th War Loan, the patriotic American is safe- guarding his own future. Ws country's future. — 59 — '»> 'll •I Using Idle Soils Profitably WmD.y. GRAU^ ■ 'l; Every day we are learning ji^w things about how_to produce^ mpre food and feed from a given area of land through improved varieties, better seed, more Ifficiem placement and use of fertilizers, irrigation, improved meth- X of^ltivation, lower costs of production, and the use of trace elements ?hl lack of which has in many cases limited efficient production. "Greater ef- ficiency" seems to be the keynote of future operations in all agricultural fields "PrTper balance" also may be applied to the over-all picture in aericiilture This implies balance in everything which includes fertilizers, crop roTattons, and, above all, the very much neglected factor of organic "^Regardless of* the reasons, when you are faced with the problem of "Using Idle Soils Profitably," you are going to want in your hands some very con- rrptp j ^ We have not said much about alfalfa and Ladino clover. There is so much management tied up with the production of these and other similar seed croDS that it is doubtful if they have a place on idle soils. They are the more intensive crops which rightfully belong on good cropland under skillful supervision. Red fescue (Chewings or creeping red) may be made-to-order for idle soils of low organic matter content and low productivity. The crop is valu- able and the demand is high. Certain features about it, however, render it one of those questionable crops until more critical work is done on it. it falls into the more highly-speciahzed class. Birdsfoot trefoil is mentioned because it is a perennial legume and may fit in on those soils that are to remain idle for long periods. Not enough is known about seed harvesting here to place it in the recommended class. For the present its use should be restricted to relatively small test plots. A worth-while thought when seed is considered as a crop for idle soils in a given area is that the growers in that area, after a careful study of condi- tions and adaoted crops, agree to grow the same strain. Two reasons justify this suggestion: first, there will be less chance of crossing and mixing so that a purer product can be produced, and, second, the larger quantity of seed can be pooled for greater bargaining power. Cleaning facilities must be studied and evaluated before launching a seed- firowing project. Few seed crops can be cleaned properly on ordinary Clip- pers or farm fanning mills. Buckhorn in clover seed, for example, can be removed only by special sawdust machines. Some companies are willing to buy seed 'in the dirt,' clean it on their own special machinery, and pay the producer on the basis of dockage. These factors must be considered prior to producing the seed. There will be those among you who will decide to turn some of your idle soil into pasture for beef cattle or for sheep, or even hogs or dairy cattle. In this case you will select either the permanent or bluegrass pasture, or the popular high-producing Triple-Purpose pasture. For the most part, each field will be an individual proposition. Some of you may decide to cut hav for sale on the Eastern markets. In this case you will grow mainly alfalfa or a mixture heavy in alfalfa. The requirements for this crop have been set out so well m station bulletins and circulars that we will not dwell on them here. Where this crop is con- templated, however, careful consideration must be given to the large amounts of mineral nutrients which will be removed from the soil each year chiefly calcium, phosphorus and potash. A three-ton crop of alfalfa will remove from the soil the equivalent of 600 pounds of an 0-5-20 fertilizer. Failure to replace these nutrients will result in a soil still further depleted in fertility. The establishment of the GRASS crop is a very critical period. Grass and legume seeds are very small and require much more careful seed bed preparation than larger seeds such as corn or beans. Moisture must be adequate to insure establishment after germination. Covering the seeds too deeply frequently results in failures or near-failures. This outline of seeding methods may help to avoid some of the failures. Spring seedings on winter grain.— Broadcasting the seeds on frozen ground during freezing and thawing (honeycombing) generally produces best re- sults because the young grass plants start to grow before the weeds Where this cannot be done, the seed may be cut into the winter grain with a disc drill Some farmers wait until the frost is out, then broadcast the seed, scratch it in with a weeder, and finish with a cultipacker to press the seeds firmly into the soil. In general, the later the seeding is made, the greater chances one takes on a continued moisture supply. — 63 — a i : M-'t fd^'^ III 1 Spring seedings wilh spring grain. — The important factors here are 1) a well-packed, finely-pulverized seed bed, 2) placing the small seeds behind the drills to avoid covering the seed too deeply and 3) following the drill with the cultipacker to insure rapid germination. Large seeds which will not flow through the grass seed box on a drill may be mixed with the small grain or with the fertilizer and placed down the boot. Shallow drilling is important to avoid covering the small seeds too deeply. Early planting will bring best results. Another very important factor is the choice of a com- panion crop and the rate of seeding. Short-strawed, early-maturing oats like Vicland, Tama, and Boone are much better companion crops than late types which tend to lodge and smother grass seedings. The lighter the seeding of the companion crop, the better will be the GRASS crop. Four to six pecks of oats to the acre are sufficient. Seedings without a companion croo. The most successful 'clear' seedings of grasses and legumes are generally made in late summer and early fall. Weeds are much less a problem of competition with the grass seedlings at this time than with spring seedings. On the other hand, the risk is greater because of frequent drought periods. Good seed bed preparation and proper method of seeding are important. Well-prepared seed beds draw moisture from below by capillary attraction. Loose seedbeds dry quickly on the sur- face and germinating seedlings die. In order of their preference, these meth- ods of seeding are successful: Alfalfa disc seeder (seed mixed with fertilizer) Disc grain drill (seed mixed with fertilizer) Cultipacker-seeder Seed broadcast, weeded in, and then cultipacked Seedings in a standing crop. — The practice of sowing ryegrass as a cover crop at the last regular cultivation of a cash crop may be enlarged. This is a cheap method, feasible because the seed bed is already prepared at no extra cost. Other grasses and legumes may be seeded in similar manner. The method can be improved upon if some method could be devised for covering or pressing the seed into contact with the soil. Some growers regularly establish the GRASS crop simultaneously with a crop of canning peas. Peas occupy the ground only a short time which gives the grass a good chance. One disadvantage is that of wet weather during pea harvest. In this case the ground may be left too rough for sub- sequent operations. A few farmers have established successfully grasses in rows by mixing the grass seed with the fertilizer at the time of planting a regular cash crop like com. Shallow flat cultivation avoids covering the young grass in the row. The desired legume has been established later by seeding it at the last cultivation. This is a short cut which needs careful consideration and plan- ning. The value lies in the fact that no extra cost of operations is involved — only the cost of the seed. Additional testing is involved to determine the possible effect of the growth of the grass on the main crop. The question has been asked if manure is necessary in establishing grass seedings. The answer is "No" but it helps. Manure is valuable for the growth-promoting substances which it contains, for its moisture-holding capacity, and for the organic matter content. The plant nutrients in manure may be Durchased more cheaply in the fertilizer bag unless manure is a by- product "as it is on livestock farms. This is not true on most vegetable farms today. We have discussed the use of GRASS as a crop for idle soils. Whether this crop is to be utilized for seed, for pasture or for hay depends upon a num- ber of factors which deserve careful study. Regardless of the decision, it re- mains a fact that idle soil so occupied will be a more productive soil when the period of idleness is over by reason of the increased organic matter, re- .duced leaching and erosion, and improved physical condition. With care- ful planning and reasonably good management, this use of idle soils should be a profitable one. — 64 — QUALITY ALWAYS PAYS! For extra yields and quality, use Agrico— specially formulated for each crop. And when you need Super- phosphate, ask for 18% NORMAL — it's more economical. Manufac- tured only by The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Baltimore, Md. Buffalo, N. Y. Carteret, N. J. ^ AGR ICO ctW 18% NORMAL THE NATIONS LEADING PERTIUZER SUPERPHOSPHATE Most any man can do a lot of talking — but watch out for the fellow who says something! ALBERT C. ROEMHILD COMMISSION MERCHANT Wholesale Fruits and Vegetables Phone, Lombard 1000 122 Dock Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa. ^ I Dept. T 'There is no place like HOLMES for SEEDS" Specializing in select strains for Greenhouse and Truck Growers The Holmes Seed Company SEED GROWERS Canton 2, Ohio r:-s^^^^!^^mm- Questions and Answers I Peas Q. How can you treat your soil so as to raise crops of peas and beans year after year? Ed. W., Avondale. A No satisfactory method has been found. It is still necessary to rotate with sod crops to maintain soil fertility as well as to avoid severe disease losses. Q. Is there a pick-up type loader available to mount on the front of a truck for loading peas? J. M. G., Mohnton. A. No, but there is a pea harvesting machine which loads them on a truck driven alongside. Q. What is the best method of controlling pea aphids? R. A. A., Quarryville. A. Read your Dec. 1944, News, pp. 72-77 and consult your County Agent for more recent information. Q. Plant early or late? C. K. H., Quarryville. A. Plant as early as soil and weather conditions permit. Q. Is it advisable to drill both lime and fertilizer on top before plowing? What will be the result? C. M. G., Oxford. A Lime and fertilizer usually are not applied at the same time, because lime may cause a reduction of available phosphates and a loss of nitrates in ammonium salts. It is preferred to mix the lime with the soil before applying fertilizer. However, small amounts of dolomite limestone are commonly used in fertihzer mixtures in the place of filler to produce a non-acid forming mixture and to add calcium and magnesium. Q Will 5 bushels of seed per acre be better than 4 to keep peas from falling over in the field? Will certain fertilizer produce a stiffer stalk? D. B. B., Lampeter. A. Yes. Phosphoric acid in superphosphate stiffens the tissues (stems), hastens maturity and aids root development. Q. Why do not the manufacturers develop a pea combine for the field? B. S. G., Willow Street. A Too much weight required, and cleaning and washing to pre- vent loss of quality is an objection, but the matter is being consid- ered. — 66 — ^i W Tomatoes Q. Do greenhouse or southern-grown plants give best results? C. A. B., Lancaster. A. No statistical difference has been recorded. There are ad- vantages and disadvantages to both. Conditions, as to disease, condi- tion of growth and size, can be controlled rather well locally, but it may be rather expensive and the average grower and canner does not appear to be equipped or prepared either in experience, capital or facilities to grow a really good plant locally. The South has a natural soil and climate for growing plants, but it is necessary to try to adjust our operations to their weather and to insist that they do the very best job in growing, controlling disease and handling in shipment. Q. Do shipped plants do as well as home-grown plants? W. R. C, Quarryville. A. No average difference has been recorded. It depends upon the particular kind of "shipped plants" and "home-grown plants." Q. How to secure the right kind of plants at the proper time? J. E. W., Quarryville. A. Prepare your field early, tell your fieldman you are ready, and accept only good plants. Q. Is it practical to irrigate field tomatoes? A. N. M., Lititz. A. Yes, if you have the water in sufficient quantity. See the March issue. Q. The dry rot? W. Mc. G., New Providence. A. Maintain an even supply of soil moisture and promote early root development. Include sod crops in the rotation, apply stable manure and avoid excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer or poultry manure, particularly early in the season. High phosphoric acid con- tent in complete fertilizer stimulates deep root development in a well-prepared soil containing sufficient lime and organic matter. Mulching, although rather expensive, helps. Q. How to grow ten tons per acre? H. L. H., Quarryville, and H. J. H., Lititz. A. Read the 1944 ten-ton tomato report. Q. Are real certified seed used in direct seeding? B. B. S., Lititz. A. Yes. Q. Is it advisable to plow lime under or apply it on top after plowing? C. D. M., Quarryville. A. Since lime is only effective in correcting soil acidity in that portion of the soil in the immediate vicinity of the lime particle, it should be mixed well with the entire soil. It may be applied be- fore plowing or just after and harrowed deeply. — 67 — \i Q. What time of the year is best to apply lime to a tomato field? A. G. W., Lancaster. A. Before or right after plowing before the soil has been har- rowed, preferably before. v Q. /Will too much nitrogen affect the set of fruit in the tomato r B. S. G., Willow Street. A. Yes, particularly when applied early and alongside the row. Q. Relative increase in yield to increase in fertilizer used? A. See 1944 ten-ton tomato report. One grower applies 1,000 lbs. per acre for an anticipated 10-ton crop and adds 100 lbs. for each additional ton he hopes to get, up to 15. In lighter soils, grow- ers use more. Q. What is the best method of applying fertilizer— side dress or broadcast? A. Part plowed down or drilled deeply and another part (about 300 lbs.) along the row, or at least plant starter in the row. Q. Is it advisable to use plant hormone and quickly available fertilizer in water when planting? F.L.W., Bird-in-Hand. A. Yes, particularly the quickly available fertilizer. Q. Have any experimental data been secured showing the re- lation between the number of plants set per acre and yield per acre? Will 3,500 or 4,000 plants per acre yield more than 3,000? J. W. S., Wernersville. A. Complete, detailed data is not available. Varying soil, cli- m.atic conditions and varieties would have to be considered. Gen- erally, 3,000 plants per acre, on average soils, are considered ade- quate fo£ optimum yields. The largest group of ten-ton tomato growers have always used about 3,000 plants per acre. Q. Is there any advantage in ridging or hilling? A. R. L., Mohn- ton. A. Hilling may help in controlling weeds; otherwise, there is no proven advantage in our soils. Shallow cultivation saves the roots. If sweeps are used hilling is safe. Q. How often should tomatoes be cultivated? W. S. K., Quarry- ville. A. Often enough to prevent weeds from getting a start, starting as soon as possible after planting and going very close to the plants the first tim^e. Q. Why must No. 1 be perfect? P. P. H., Lititz. a; a No. 1 tomato must be 90% red and 90% usable without the stem if it is delivered for strained products. Q. Controlling bottlenecks at receiving stations? L. H., Holtwood. A. See manager, try to schedule deliveries to avoid rush hours. — 68 — NEW SWEET CORN HYBRIDS LINCOLN — a most popular new hybrid for home or market grower. /WILSON — a late yellow hybrid of Stowells Evergreen Also Spancross, Marcross, Carmelcross, Old Hickory and Golden Cross Bantam. Jutt drop a card for our descriptive list. HUNTINGTON BROTHERS Box Hi Windsor, Conn. Specialists for Fertilizers for CANNING CROPS PEAS — BEANS — SWEET CORN — TOMATOES Insure your crops this year with UNION Field tested fertilizers UNION FERTILIZER CORPORATION Main Office — Pikesville, Maryland Factory — Baltimore, Maryland What About INSECT ^ PESTS • One of the major problems in the growing of a profitable crop is to prevent insects from destroying quality and yield. Black Leaf 40 is unusually efficient in the control of certain insects. It can be used alone in proper mixture or can be mixed with any standard spray material that does not cause injury to plants when used alone. Black leaf 40 kills by contact and by fumes. It leaves no poisonous residue and is easy to apply. Use Black Leaf 40 — Get the most from your investment of labor and capital. Full information will be furnished on request. Insist on Original Factory-Sealed Packages for Full Strength. TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION Incorporated — Louisville, Kentucky Index to Advertisers Canners Mifflin County Packing Company 40 ^ Farm Equipment , Ariens Company 57 A. B. Farquhar Company 27 Fertilizers The American Agricultural Chemical Company 61 Armour Fertilizer Works 29 Lancaster Bone Fertilizer Company 56 Reading Bone Fertilizer Company 14 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corporation 20 Union Fertilizer Corporation 65 Food Brokers B. Meier & Son, Inc 12 Albert C. Roemhild 61 Food Stores American Stores Company 11 Insecticides and Fungicides, Dusters and Sprayers Chipman Mfg. Company 53 Dow Chemical Company 45 Niagara Sprayer and Chemical Company 58 Pennsylvania Farm Bureau Cooperative Association 51 Tobacco By-Products and Chemical Corporation 65 Insurance G. L. Booker, Superintendent, Hail Dept Inside Back Cover Irrigation Supplies Atlas Supply Company 57 Buckner Manufacturing Company 44 California Corrugated Culvert Company 55 Hamilton & Company 25 Preservatives Cuprinol, Inc 43 Seed and Plants Associated Seed Growers, Inc 41 W. A. Burpee Company Inside Back Cover Glick's Seed and Plant Farms 51 Joseph Harris Company 42 Holmes Seed Company 61 Huntington Brothers 65 Schell's Seed House Back Cover Francis C. Stokes, Ltd 22 Stumpp & Walter Company 40 Tapperson Seed Company 15 F. H. Woodruff & Sons 47 Soil Testers LaMotte Chemical Products Company 40 Sprayers and Washers John Bean Manufacturing Company 18 Felins ............ 49 The F. E. Myers & Brothers Company*. . . . . . '. '. ' ' * * . '. '. '. '. 30 — 70 — lr?5 '4 r I/m -y^ M ^ > M y PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS NEWS PUBLISHED— JANUARY, MARCH, MAY, JULY AND DECEMBER Vol. XV 625 Holmes St., State College, Pa., July, 1945 No. 4 A Publication of The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association Annual Membership — $1.00, Single Copy — 25c Entered as second-class matter March 28, 1942 at the post office at State College, Pennsylvania, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Annual dues are $1.00, 80 cents of which is for subscription to the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News. Published January, March, May, July and December. IN THIS ISSUE N. E. Veg. and Potato Council. . . 4 Penn Fruit Managers Join 4 V. G. A. of A. News Letter 5 Constitution and By-Laws 7 Our Advertisers 9 Officers and Directors 10 Exhibit Committee H Farm Show Meeting 12 Legislative Progress 13 Marketing Problems 15 Membership 17 Program Plans 19 Research Needs 19 Publication Plans 21 Tomato and Pea Clubs 23 Vegetable Gardening Extension. 25 Dean Fletcher 27 Penn State Teaching and Research 29 Dean Watts Encourages 33 Luther Burbank's Plant Con- tributions 34 Lettuce Breeding 35 Weed Control 37 Liming Suggestions 38 Vegetables Need Water 41 Tomato Defoliation 41 Profitable Tomato Picking 43 DDT 49 Sprays Reduce Tomato Blight . . 49 Sow Ryegrass 51 War Veterans Want Land 51 Grow Your Own 53 Storage Requirements 57 Squash Storage 59 Refrigerated Storage Rooms ... 61 Small Vegetable Storage Room . 63 Selling Home Frozen Foods ... 65 That Home Built Freezer 67 Prices Following Wars 71 Membership List— 1945 73 Advertisers Index 90 Front Cover: Old Main* The Pennsylvania Stale College. 3 — IRREGULAR PAGINATION Northeastern Vegetctble and Potato Council Final arrangements concerning an organization to deal with the problem connected with the Terminal Markets were scheduled to be made at the July 14th meeting of the council in the Hotel New Yorker Philadelphia Local 929 issued an order effective as of May 15, 1945 that all trucks arriving in the Philadelphia wholesale produce market must carry a paid-up union driver or the produce will not be unloaded or handled. Only bona fide farmers, or their sons, are exempt from this regulation. It is expected that the same order will be applied to Newark, New York and all Atlantic seaboard terminals. Plans for New Produce Terminal at New York Announced Mayor LaGuardia outlined the plans for the remodeling of the Washington Market Terminal at a meeting of the wholesale trade on June 26 when he announced that the Federal Works Administra- tion had approved an allowance of funds to develop the full plans based upon the preliminary study of the market which had already been made. However, the arrangement in no way obligates the Fed- eral Government to assist in the financing of the final construction although it is expected that the project will be eligible for Federal postwar financing. The project would occupy 57 acres bounded by Vestry street on the north, Murray street on the south, Greenwich street on the 6ast and the Hudson River piers on the west. The city now owns 17 acres of this area. The market is to be built in sections and the work should be completed in two years after the work starts. The handling of produce will be made much more efficient by the design of the new buildings and piers, the use of labor-saving ma- chinery, and of adequate space lor truck loading and unloading. Penn Fruit Managers All Join Association Since our association has no trade membership, as most grower associations, Penn Fruit Company has voluntarily submitted the membership of their entire list of managers and the administrative staff in Philadelphia. It is hoped by the Membership Committee that this action will be followed by other industrial concerns since vegetable news is not only to assist the grower but also to follow through all the way to the consumer. — 4 — t t Vegetable Growers' Association of America The following message has been received from Dr. H. D. Brown, Secretary, Vegetable Growers' Association of America, Horticulture Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio: "In order to keep the subscription on an annual basis, we are quoting the following prices for the remainder of the year: news letters once a month plus the annual report, $4.50, and news letters twice each month plus the annual report, $9.50." This news letter contains information and developments on labor, markets, research developments, regulation and legislation. The June 15 issue, for example, contains the following headings: "Agri- culture and Labor," "Proposed New Washington Street Market in New York City," "Weed Control," "O.P.A.," "Crop Conditions," and "War Food Administration." The July 1 letter is abstracted as follows: CULTURAL OBSERVATIONS The wet, cold weather which followed the warm March in many states has been favorable for cool season vegetables. Only a few reports of severe cabbage maggots infestations were received. A re- cent inspection of the University summer cabbage crop revealed many maggot eggs. Prompt treatment with a 1 to 1000 corrosive sublimate solution has effectively killed the eggs and young maggots. The cabbage worms were also almost non-existent early in the season. However, they are now getting a good start on the summer crop. A rotenone dust will take care of this pest on cabbage and related crops. Warm season vegetables have not fared so well. Millions of tomato plants were lost because they were shipped lorm the south when the ground was too wet for planting in the north. As a result, the fields were set late and this almost always means reduced yields. The wet weather has also given the tomato foliage disease, Alter- naria, a good start. This is a year when the use of a 7% fixed copper dust would very likely pay dividends. The wet weather has also caused the tomato roots to form near the surface of the soil. If dry weather should come quickly, the leaves are sure to curl. This so-called dry weather curl is likely to be aggravated by deep cultivations which kill the roots and thus further reduce the water supply. Blossom-end-rot, as well as leaf curl, are both brought on by dry following moist growing condi- tions. Leaf curl can also be caused by several other agencies. The removal of large amounts of above-ground foliage frequently causes leaf curl. — 5 — I • r Another warm season crop, i.e., beans got off to a poor start in many sections. Early planted seed was largely destroyed by the seed corn maggot. At present leaf hoppers are more prevalent than for several years and they are causmg much damage Sulphur- rotenone dusts and sprays should be applied without delay. Leaf hoppers are perhaps the worst insect the bean growers have to contend with. , :*„„-„„ Heavy rainfall in many areas have washed available nitrogen away Surface applications fo nitrogenous fertilizers such as sul- phate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, ammonium nitrate, etc., have paid dividends this year. Veqetable Production and Marketing, by Paul Work, P/ofessor of vegetable crops at Cornell University; 559 pages, $2.75, John Wiley & Sons Inc , New York. Prepared primarily for students and teach- ers of agriculture, but also for actual farmers, home gardeners, and those in businesses serving vegetable growers. The author recog- nizes that no volume can adequately cover all vegetable crops, nor all variations in lands, climates, markets, etc., therefore shows the reader how to seek and find special information among the wealth of State, Federal and other often little-known Uterature. Attention Is paid to diseases and insects. BETUR IRRIGAJIOH . With LESS V/AUR PATENTED For Farm, Or! «nd quickly HMvy duty for long tervl ttr lubricated] quirod. No wtar out. M< A Model «=or Every Pressure Rd or Truck Gardtn. Easily |nt«d on any Irrigation pipt. Us and bronzo construction Sand and dirt proof. Wa- irings— no oil or groaso r«- moving parts to rapidly lum covoragt— tvtn distri- What Time Is ^bution. Write Jot ill9twfuf9 and prfcM. BUCKNE:!! IVIFG. CO, ^.v^jv^.'^.-x*x>,y>j'ic«->:->rWSS:« > 122 Dock Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa. Marketing Presents Many Problems Rowland S. Comly, Chairman of the Marketing Committee, is a busy man. His wife, Mrs. Frances F. Comly, kindly mailed a photo- graph of Rowland and her daughter Verna, taken the day she was 21. Rowland is active in the Philadelphia Vegetable Growers' Co- operative Association and has shown unusually good judgment as a director of that organization. Also, he has instructed the officers of the Association in taking action at the annual meeting on various marketing proposals and problems. Other members of the commit- tee are Noah Hershey, Parkesburg, and William H. Yerkes, Jr., Buckingham. DepLT There is no place like HOLMES for SEEDS Specializing in select strains for Greenhouse and Market Growers The Holmes Seed Co. SEED GROWERS Canton 2, Ohio Mil i< 'I — 14 — 15 — GROWER to CONSUMER Our Policy for Over Fifty Years The consumer is quality and grade conscious and through our 2000 stores we offer a desirable out- let and a direct connecting link between the grower and the consumer for quality products. WE ARE IN THE MARKET FOR GOOD QUALITY, WELL GRADED PENNSYLVANIA FARM PRODUCTS— Write, wire or telephone your offerings. AMERICAN STORES CO. ACME SUPER MARKETS 424 North 19th St., PhUadelphia 30, Penna. Telephon« LOCuit 4000 After the Japs Are Licked We Vegetable Growers Will Have Our Post War Problems A. C. THOMPSON* Keen competition will force production of better quality vege- tables at lower cost to consumers. Some growers who think they can afford to be careless will fail and go out of business. Others who realize they must struggle will meet the changing conditions. They will try to meet competition by: 1. Greater efficiency through the use of labor-saving machinery in both the field and packing shed. 2. Improved cultural practices and better quality. 3. Use of quick freezing and cold storage facilities for holding vegetables. 4. Better marketing organizations and facilities. 5. Joining and supporting local, state and national vegetable grower organizations which supply information vital to our business, and which represent growers' interests with our government. We need your membership and support, and you need the help of * Chairman Membership Committee. < I f '•.m — 17 — \J our Association to stay in business in the post war period. Membership in the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association entitles you to five issues of the Vegetable Growers' News which supplies valuable information to growers, also the Annual Ten-Ton Tomato, Pea Club and other reports. For 25c additional twelve issues of the Market Growers' Journal will be mailed to each member. For $5.00 the News and Journal will be included in your four-year membership. If you are not a member, send in your dollar subscription now to Jesse M. Huffington, 625 Holmes St., State College, Pa. If you are a member we ask you to help our Association by send- ing in a dollar subscription for your neighbor. I wish to express my thanks and appreciation for the past efforts of all those on our Membership Committee, and especially for the untiring efforts of our able Secretary-Treasurer, Jesse Huffington, and I hope our Membership Committee will continue to work hard in building up a stronger vegetable growers' organization in Penn- sylvania. J. KEENE SAULSBURY, President A. ROLAND THOMPSON, Secretary A. REED HAYES, JR., Treasurer MIFFLIN COUNTY PACKING CO. PENNSYLVANIA PACKED VEGETABLES REEDSVILLE, PA. — 18 — ^•^art'w.'Sfl Suggestions Requested by Program Committee Chairman of the Program Committee is H. H. Hostetter, Sinking Spring. Mr. Hostetter is busy managing two farms near Reading. Mr. Hostetter is Vice-President of the Association and during his travels gets to know the thinking of the members. Frank K. Chestnut R. 1, Morris ville, is personnel manager at King Farm and is well acquainted with the personnel of various educa- tional and other institutions as well as the leaders in various phases of the vegetable industry. George H. Gaugler, R. 2, Port Trevorton, grows peas and tomatoes lor canning and takes special interest in equipment needed for the vegetable grower. W. Ray Hasting, Box 675, Harrisburg, is a vegetable variety specialist and devotes his energies to the All-America trials from which worthy new varieties are introduced. J. B. Reynolds, West Chester, grows tomatoes, peas, squash and sweet corn for canning and the fresh markets. Dana Sutliff, Shickshinny, is president of his local vegetable growers' association which is developing its own brand of green wrap toma- toes for special markets. J. I. Weinschenk, R. 1, New Castle, repre- sents the vegetable forcing industry since he is associated with one of the largest forcing establishments in the state. Research Committee Emphasizes Need for Study E. J. Fleming, Chairman of the Research Committee, Andalusis, suggests many and varied problems to be studied in producing and marketing the highest quality vegetables most efficiently. Data on the water requirements of plants, he suggests, should be compiled and completed. The best time in the growth period to apply water for various crops is information needed. Other members of this committee include Amos Funk, Millers- ville, Harry Hopkins, Clarks Summit, and D. C. Paschke, North East. LANCASTER BONE FERTILIZER CO., Inc. Ouarryville, Pa. Manufacturers of ''Conestoga BrantT^ fertilizers Made in Pennsylvania for Pennsylvania soils. — 19 — II p fertilize wit/i AG RICO AND SEE THE DIFFERENCE IT MAKES IN Better Vield and Ctualtty It will pay you to use Agrlco, on its record for outstanding crop results in every vegetable producing section, from Maine to Florida. Use Agrico on your next crop and see for yourself the all-important difference it makes in yield, quality and earlier maturity. And when you need Super- phosphate, use 18% NORMAL...W% more economical per unit of available phosphorus. Manufactured only by The American Agricultural Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md., Buffalo, N. Y., Carteret, N. J. \ \ V Use 18% Normal —it's more economical There's an AGRICO for each Crop Future Plans of the Publications Committee GILBERT S. WATTS* As Chairman of the Publications Committee, I want you to know that the monumental progress in size and quality ol the News is due solely to the heroic efforts of the Secretary, both directly and through his eminent success in enlisting the support of commercial organizations, particularly suppliers and processor. In honesty, all this Committee has done has been to keep the green light burning. We have not whipped the horse that pulls. He just keeps going. Now this is not to be interpreted as a plug for anyone. It is plain truth. The business of growing vegetables in Pennsylvania has ex- panded into a vast industry. Matters within our state and local area organizations, governmental contacts and public relations demand, for our own good, far more attention than they can ever be given without a full-time paid secretary to represent us. And he must be a top notch man. Without such representation we may lose much of what we have gained; with it we can protect our interests and progress further. Strong and wise organizational functioning will be fully as im- portant to our welfare in the years ahead as adequate fertilization and timely planting. It is high time we think and plan ahead, not merely let circumstances catch up with us. *Chairman, Publications Committee Continued on page twenty-four — 21 — 'J ',11 r? ,1 M\i PROFITS PLUS Wi ith DIAfAV D A The Band- Way method of fertilizer placement makes up the bed, sows fertilizer and plant, and covers the seed — all in one operation. Com- pare this method with the old FERTIUZER FERTILIZER fashioned method of broadcasting fertilizer in the furrow and you get —Consistently GREATER YIELDS per DOLLAR INVESTED — BIG- GER PROFITS with LESS TIME, LABOR and COST in the planting and fertilizing operation. Study these three Band- Way methods. SEED ^^ % FERTILIZER FERTILIZER 2iX FERTIUZER FERTILIZER REGULAR BAND -WAY is the most widely used system of fertilizer distribution. It places the plant food far enough from seed to prevent danger of injury, close enough to be available for young plants as soon as they begin to put down roots. HI-LO BAND -WAY places fertilizer on one side slightly below seed and on the othe.r side, much deeper, allowing the lower band to contact more moisture when most needed. This gives young plants greater nourishment at a later stage of growth. HI-LO UNEQUAL QUAN- TITY BAND-WAY places 25«^f of fertilizer on one side slight- ly below seed and 75% on tne other side, much deeper. Thip method is especially recom- mended for dry soil and those crops which require the great- est amount of moisture. Ask any IRON AGE user — TODAY ^Pi^ imd Sp^uui thz IRON AGE nXhu^ I frr^ totals PlMtm liftMiutK ^atjla PlMtrti TfMiialMtfo Ntjto Dismci lr« C>«» Sfty*' V«4«I 'M I* Contains PIPERONYL CYCLOHEXENONE, New Organic Insecticide NEW AND DIFFERENT Kills By Contact Mexican Bean Beetle Cucumber Beetle Cabbage Looper Cabbage Worm Potato Leaf Hopper Tomato Flea Beetle Bean Leaf Hopper Garden Webworm Also Certain Other Insects /.eaves No Poisonous Residue P-C-H Dust "20" gives excellent control of many insects for which pyrethrum and rotenone have been used. Tests prove that it is as effective for these insects as a pyrethrum dust containing 0.2% pyrethrum. In many cases P-C-H •*20" Dust has definitely proved MORE effective. Wide com- mercial use of this new dust confirms these test results. Write for Circular CHIPMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY Dept. G, Bound Brook, New Jersey INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES • WEED KILLERS Weed Control in Carrots From Victoria, Australia, comes word that many hundreds of acres of carrots were sprayed successfully with kerosene for weed control last season, but the method is still new to them— and the quality of kerosene there would probably not be the same as here Improvements are expected from observations on earlier sprayine' persistence of taint strength, method of application and other fac- tors The following directions are given for the successful control of weeds in carrots: Cultivating as much as possible; destroying the remaining weeds by spraying with the special "Kerosene Weedi- cide"; using the weedicide "neat"; spraying when the carrots are in the 1 to 4 fern-leaf" stage; avoiding later spraying; not spraying the same crop twice; not spraying in very hot weather; using a fine misty spray; and being economical with the weedicide. Nozzles for Applying Weed Sprays In several articles that have appeared recently in the Commercial Grower (Waltham, Mass.) we have recommended the use of nozzles that deliver flat, fan-sprays when applying materials for weed con- trol. This type of spray concentrates the material better than the conventional cone type of spray and gives a very uniform coverage 1 ii^ flat fan-spray is recommended for use in spraying with Sova- sol No. 5, Stoddard Solvent, Sun Spirits as well as Ammate, 24D and Smox. A number of nozzles are available that deliver the fan spray the oldest and perhaps best known of which is the Bordeaux nozzle" We y^ ii.°\^/'^ ^^ ^"""^ ""^^"^^^ ^^*^ *^^ Bordeaux nozzle, however as with the Monarch. Various sized discs are available so that the sorav may be applied at different rates. Our best results have been ob- tained when using discs with orifices of .046 to .059 inch diameter We have recently found that the Skinner greenhouse irrigation nozz e No. SS50 is well suited to the application of oil sprays This 2rm ^ !f • ^^f ^f ^.^ V" ^"«"t"ies. The pipe for the boom may • be drilled direct, ^-inch drill, tapped 24 threads per inch. The orifice of the nozzle is about .049 inches in diameter and it delivers about ./a gallon per minute or 45 gallons per hour using a pressure of 100 L?"" fo .^ ^'^} ^^ ^"""'^ *^^* ^^^ t^^^tor will have to move at the rate of 2.5 miles per hour to apply 100 gallons of oil per acre with this nozzle.— William H. Lachman niS^i^i ^-f^u^": ^'',-, ^2^ °" "Weed Control on Carrots and Pars- aid dlf^S^-^^'fi^^'''^^^.^ interested. This is just off the press %^t ^ t^ obtained by writing to the Mailing Room, Extension Service, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Mass. '''''^"^'°" — 37 — \m I t X., .^^np'^v* < * Nt» o«^ HA^^ Sf llM^'^i THE F. E. MYERS & BRO CO. Ocpt. A-124, Ashland. Ohio $pray«r$ — Watar Systems — Pumps — Hay Unloading Toolj Sow Ryegrass for Cover Crop A cover crop of ryegrass, effective for controlling erosion and de- sirable from the standpoint of improving fertility of the land, can be seeded to good advantage in fields planted to vegetable crops at the last normal cultivation. Sowing about 20 pounds of ryegrass to the acre is especially de- sirable on slopmg fields where winter washing is likely to be serious It is most worthwhile where some other cultivated crop is to follow Ryegrass seed is cheaper and in fair supply this year. While rye- grass seed can be purchased, it is still quite profitable to harvest the seed where good, clean stands of ryegrass have not been turned down. Combmmg without previous cutting generally results in serious shattering losses and often a problem of drying the threshed seed satisfactorily. Yields run from 400 to 800 pounds per acre To make sowing ryegrass seed more convenient, some growers use a seeder attached to the tractor cultivator. Several of these attach- ments have been constructed by home mechanics. Two types of seeders can be used. The simplest is a cut-down grass seed box from an old grain drill and geared to drive from the tractor wheel or from a ground wheel which is raised with the cultivator gangs' for turning. A fluted or force feed of some sort is necessary to make light seed, such as ryegrass, to feed properly. Another type of seeder is a hopper feeding on to a revolving plate which throws the seed around among the corn plants. This device sows part of the seed ahead and part behind the shovels. If drv weather follows the seeding then covering the seed gives a better 1?. u^^l 'covering should be shallow. The last cultivation should never be deep or root damage to the crop wUl be serious. If rain falls soon after sowing, the seed which falls on the loose soil behind the cultivator will be covered just about right. War Veterans Want Land me^brnl^ every war, there has been a back-to-the-land move- V B H^rf ?u "^^ ^^^^ ^^^" *" '"""^^y s^^^i'^e," according to SomeSunHTn ^P"^ ^^^^ ^^"^ Economics, Cornell University, veterans ;^^r'> '^ ^''''" " °"^^' *° "^°^^ ^"""^^ *^°"^ "-^turning ™v?vV^^^^^^^^ -P-^--' -<^ this Will apply tf DersL^nJ??™'."^/^*^''^" "^^^ ^^"t« to get i"to farming can be Smake^lnoH^'^.r;'^^"^ ^' ^ ^""^^ '"^^ «" « successful farm of oj? suc.£fni ? ^^* capacity, he is on the road toward being one aCef to S lff«, °'^"^'' ^" the future," says Dr. Hart. If he i! more embitterpH If "^"^^ '? ^"^ abandoned farm, it may mean one "le embittered veteran and one more family on relief." — Si- lt' M SEEDS OF MERIT ilW Bred to satisfy the needs of the most critical market garden trade. Slocks for Summer and Fall planting are ample and immediately available. We solicit your inquiries. Ours are outstanding strains of turnip, spinach and ruta-baga. We are now in a position to quote on seed stocks for delivery out of 1945 seed crop. Send us a card and we shall have our representative call and describe the types and strains of vegetable seed we offer. Write for 1946 Market Gardener's Catalog to be sent as soon as available. 'Ill TAPPERSON SEED COMPANY ALLENTOWN, PA. 40 NORTH SEVENTH STREET PHONE 2-1762 r Grow Your Own and Be Well Fed The summer is half over, but often the highest score is made in the last few innings of the game. More favorable weather to frost, and we hope it will be a late one, is certainly to be expected. In these few months there is still a chance to grow vitally needed food to help round out our daily meals and to store vitamins, minerals and healthful vegetables at home and commercially. Tendergreen snap beans, for example, may still be planted and they are excellent either fresh or canned, although Kentucky Won- der is said to have more flavor and firmness than other varieties after quick freezing. Broccoli, Early Calabrese variety, is especially good for freezing and may be canned. This vegetable is particularly rich in vitamin! A and C. Purple cauliflower, an early strain, also is coming to be known and liked. A few pickles have an appetizing effect, but it is better to grow a picklmg variety, such as Association Pickling. The dark-skinned varieties, such as Straight 8, Ace, Burpee Hybrid and others are good for slicing but the pickling varieties usually have a tender skin. For greens, Popeye's old friend, spinach, probably leads and seed may be planted late m July or early August for fall use. Long Stand- ing Bloomsdale, and other strains of this variety, such as Summer bavoy, Dark Green Bloomsdale, and others, produce dark green succulent leaves, full of vitamins and minerals, if spaced 4 inches r^ . i^ u ^"""^^ well-limed soil, with sufficient water. However Giant Nobel and Hollandia produce large, smooth, succulent leaves' which are easy to clean of silica. Green peppers are rich in vitamin A and red peppers are reported to be an excellent source of vitamin C (three to four times as rich as orange juice) . This high vitamin content, also, does not seem to for c!f ^^f T'^^ ^y ^^""^"S °' freezing. Peppers can be stored for several weeks in a cool place about the home. cn^nni''^' ^^r^^^ 'V'^' "^"^ P^"^"'^^ attractive salads with a delicate a^P «ll fv? °u L^^'' "'^ *" *^^ ^^" '"^"ths but, with proper stor- age, all through the winter. forms^^/n'r^''' smooth-leaved Batavian type, Florida Deep Heart ml^!J ^ T'^ compact head. Green Curled endive is said to Silv ?f ^^hat earlier than the broad-leaved type. The very tTZ 4 r^^' "^^^^ *^^ '^^^ds become blanched in the center range from deep green to light yellow in color and are very attrac- — 53 — ii!i k. I I Vegetable growers are fulfilling their responsibility nlf In accepting the responsibility of producing our vast and essential food crops, the objective of vegetable growers is to make each acre produce a maximum crop. This means elimination of damage from insects and diseases — always threatening to extract their toll. The Niagara Organization— specialists in these problems— is prepared to assist your every effort in solving insect and disease problems to achieve maximum production at mini- mum cost. Niagara is ready to serve you with dust or spray, as well as the mechanical apparatus for applying it. Consult your Niagara dealer on any insect or disease problem or write to: NIAGARA SPRAYER AND CHEMICAL COo, INCo Middleport, New York Endive is seeded like lettuce and transplanted about 12 inches apart. Plants also may be set in a coldframe, about 8 inches apart, and stored there for winter use. Another way to store them is to lift the plants out of the soil just before freezing and set them in shal- low boxes with soil adhering to the roots. They keep longer where there is light and the temperature is near freezing. Water is applied only to the soil to prevent wilting. I Celery may be handled much the same as Endive. Summer Pascal a Pennsylvania introduction, is as free as any variety from stringi- ness and most people like it nearly green. For information on storing vegetables, ask your County Agent for a leaflet on this subject. Detroit beets are particularly good for storage. Purple Top White and Yellow Globe varieties of turnip may be seeded late in summer Carrots increase in carotene content the longer they grow and should be started early to become well-filled with this vitamin Danvers Supreme, Chantehay and Nantes are choice varieties. Cabbage may be stored in a barrel pit, or in the root cellar Where the cellar tends to be dry the heads may be wrapped in paper to prevent wilting, and the roots may be left on and set in moist soil or water. The outer leaves are removed. In addition to the Short- Stemmed Danish variety, Chieftain Savoy also is liked for its crisp- ness in salads and other dishes. Yellow squash, such as Butternut, Golden Cushaw, and Golden Delicious, are said to be high in carotene and may be stored in a dry, moderately cool place where moisture is never allowed to form on the fruits from sweating. Buttercup is a small squash, sweet and dry, but has a tender skin and must be handled carefully. Onions frequently start decaying before they are placed in winter s orage quarters. They require a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, starting with the time they are pulled. HARRIS SEEDS For men who appreciate and grow vegetables of line quality there are no better seeds than those offered by MORETON FARM COMPANY, ROCHESTER 11, N. Y. — 55 — m tIN'l • i; ' t J I * \-M «» tl IM» THE BIRTH OF A NEW IDEA THE FIRST V-C Fertilizers were delivered to the farm in 1895. These fertilizers were the beginning of a new idea in the manufacture and distribution of commercial plant- food. For economy and convenience, V-C factories were to be located near the farms they served and yet each factory was to benefit from the sci- entific research, experience, skill and facilities of a national organization. Today, through its network of 34 fertilizer factories, its phosphate rock mines, its 20 sulphuric acid plants, its 26 superphosphate pro- ducing units, its chemicals division and its analytical and research labo- ratories, the V-C organization serves farmers in every state from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Today more V-C customers are using more V-C Fertilizers than ever before in history . . . their total crop production is greater than ever be- fore in history . . . and their cash farm income b higher than ever be- fore in history. It is fitting and proper that V-C's 50th anniversary should find V-C Fertilizers rendering their greatest service to the American farmer. VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CORPORATION Baltimort, Md. Cartertt, N. J. Recommended temperature, relative humidity, and approximate length of storage period for the storage of various vegetables* Commodity Asparagus Beans: Green or snap Lima Beets: Topped Bunched Broccoli Cabbage Carrots: Topped Bunch Cauliflower Celery Corn (green) Cucumbers Eggplant Endive Garlic (dry) Horseradish Jerusalem artichokes Leeks (green) Melons: Watermelons Muskmelon (cantaloupe) Honey Dew & Honey Ball Casaba and Persian Onions and onion sets Parsnips Peas (green) Peppers: Chili (dry) Sweet Potatoes Pumpkins Radishes (winter) Rhubarb Rutabagas Salsify Spinach Squash (winter) Sweet Potatoes Tomatoes: Ripe Mature green Turnips Temper- ature 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 31-32 31-32 50-60 50-60 32 32 32 31-32 32 50-55 50-55 50-55 50-55 32 32 32 32 36-50 55-60 32 32 32 32 32 55-60 50-55 50-55 55-70 32 Relative Humidity Per cent • 85-90 85-90 85-90 90-95 85-90 85-90 90-95 90-95 90-95 85-90 90-95 85-90 80-85 85-90 90-95 70-75 85-90 90-95 85-90 75-85 75-85 75-85 75-85 70-75 90-95 85-90 70-75 85-90 85-90 70-75 90-95 90-95 90-95 90-95 90-95 70-75 80-90 80-85 80-85 90-95 • Rose, Wright and Whitman. U.S.D.A. Circ. 278. — 57 — Approximate Length of Storage Period 3 to 4 weeks 3 to 4 weeks 3 to 4 weeks 1 to 3 months 7 to 10 days 10 to 15 days 3 to 4 months 2 to 4 months 7 to 10 days 2 to 3 weeks 2 to 4 months 4 to 8 days 6 to 8 days 10 days 2 to 3 weeks 6 to 8 months 4 to 6 months 2 to 5 months 1 to 3 months 2 to 3 lto3 3 to 4 4 to 6 5 to 6 2 to 4 lto3 weeks weeks weeks weeks months months weeks 6 to 9 months 4 to 6 weeks 4 to 6 months 2 to 6 months 2 to 4 months 2 to 3 weeks 2 to 4 months 2 to 4 months 7 to 10 days 2 to 6 months 4 to 6 months 7 to 10 days 1 to 6 weeks 2 to 4 months Average Freezing Point op 29.80 29.74 26.90 29.20 31.18 29.57 30.08 29.73 28.95 30.50 30.41 30.90 25.40 26.40 27.50 31.20 29.20 29.00 29.00 30.09 28.90 30.03 30.09 28.92 30.15 28.40 27.10 48.40 30.64 29.30 28.44 30.38 30.40 30.33 i :j , liHll i , f i ' . I'j Stokes Field Day Saturday^ August 11^ 1945 4# Our friends are cordially invited to Vincentown, New Jersey on the above date. Our Breeding Plots, our grow- ing fields and our Tomato Plant will be open for inspection. There will be items of interest to any one connected with the tomato industry. Lunch will be served to our guests at our Company Restaurant. >M FRANCIS C. STOKES CO. TOMATO BREEDERS Serving the Industry Since 1881 VINCENTOWN, NEW JERSEY Squash Storage Requires Dryness and Temperature Control Variations in the amount of decay of squash in storage, according to E. F. Guba, Waltham, Mass., are due to weather conditions and location of plantings, which influence the population and infecti- ousness of molds, the prevalence of the striped cucumber beetle and the amount of decay from bacterial wilt rot. Seed disinfection, crop rotation and careful handling are key points. ' Spraying or dusting with bordeaux, waxing to provide a barrier to the mold, and treating the squash at harvest with chemical dis- infectants, are not recommended. "Losses from decay in storage result from insufficient changes of air with the outside and lack of heat. The squash must not be allowed to sweat, and the storage room atmosphere must be kept dry. Continuous drying and shriveling of the stem is important, and this requires heat from the time the squash is placed in the storage room. The least molding of the squash stems in storage is a dangerous sign and should be prevented with heat and ventilation." The following recommendations by A. F. Yeager, New Hampshire based on three years' storage trials, are made for the handling and storage of Blue Hubbard squash: 1. Move the squash directly from the field to the storage. Do not leave them in the field to cure. 2. Remove both the mature and marketable-immature squash before frost occurs. 3. Remove the stems completely. This will prevent stem end infection from black rot and Fusarium dry rot. 4. Handle squash carefully. "Clean" cuts in the fruits often heal over. Bruises do not, especially if the skin is broken. 5. Drying the squash thoroughly during the first two weeks of storage is essential to good keeping. This can be done by heat- ing the storage to 80° F. and circulating the air in the storage. 6. Blue Hubbards do not keep well in storages where the tem- perature IS below 45° F. even with humidity as low as 20 per 7. Liquid and dust fungicides applied to the fruits have not proved of value in controlling storage rots. Fumigation of the iruits by gasses was not tried. 8. Do not store squash near apples as the squash skins bleach and turn orange-yellow in color. — 59 — ! ■»' I 5 r'' ,1,1 *• PROTECT YOUR VEGETABLE CROP with FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE'S Perfect Blend Dusts NONE SUPERIOR INSECTICIDAL and FUNGICIDAL Order Today From Your Local Farm Bureau Co-op or Service Agency PENNA. FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSN. 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg. Penna. For Greater Profits PLANT CLICK'S Tomolo Seed & Ploi IMPROVED STRAINS — PENNSYLVANIA CERTIFIED Rulgen — Marglobe — Groihens — Priichard Pan America and Colco (Pink) Globe SPECIAL MENTION OF A NEW LEAL... THE EARLY CANNER Matures about a week earlier than Rutgers. When ?i5r Ik ^®1 ^^^^ ^°"^ well-grown plants it has produced largi yields be- i^fnwIiL /•* harvest season. Bushy, vigorous foliage protects the closely ^H i^^^P of fau-ly large, deep, firm, scarlet tomatoes. Small seed cavities and excellent flavor make it well suited to canning, especially strained orod- ucts. Has shown up particularly well in dry weather. "ramea proa ONLY A LIMITED SUPPLY AVAILABLE AdylM quantity needed. Particulars free. CLICK'S SEED FARMS GLICK'S PLANT FARMS SMOKETOWN, LANCASTER COUNTY. PENNA ' Small Refrigerated Storage Rooms G. J. Stout* Large cold storages are useful and practical on fruit and vegetable farms which are extensive enough to make such a storage economi- cal. The chief disadvantage of a cold storage is its initial cost Even at less than $1.00 per cubic foot of capacity, a storage of 10,000 bushels capacity is too expensive for the majority of small enterprises on farms in Pennsylvania. Many small gardeners, as well as the general farmers who supply our small city markets with small fruits vege- tables, and poultry, could make excellent use of a cold storage if one could be constructed at a reasonable price. It has been estimated that as much as 50 per cent of the perishable produce is lost through spoilage or otherwise between the farmer's field and the consumer's table. Cold storage will reduce this to some extent. Produce left over from market today need not be "dumped" at very low price to salvage it. A better distribution of labor is pos- sible if harvesting does not have to be completed in as short a period of time. The item of convenience should not be overlooked, especial- ly if the grower is catering to a roadside market or other market the demands of which are unpredictable. ' A satisfactory storage can be built for considerably less than $1000 provided the producer does not need too large a storage and does not need to store produce for a long time. However, in order to build a practical storage room, one which will be low in cost, low in oper- ating cost, and still provide good storage conditions, certain essentials must be met. These are: 1. The room should be built large enough but no larger than ac- tually needed. Small size means lower first cost and lower cost of operation, as well as requiring 2. Small refrigeration machinery. While satisfactory cooling is essential, it is not necessary to provide machinery to cool the entire roomful of produce in a few hours because rarely will the room be loaded to this extent. 3. Adequate insulation. The smaller the storage room, the greater IS the amount of wall surface in proportion to the cubic con- tents of the room. In a large storage, there may be only 0 7 l?nrT f °f "^^R l"""^^"^^ ^""^ ^"^h^^ °f capacity, but in a small storage of only 300 bushels capacity, the wall surface may be as great as 1.75 square feet per bushel. Therefore, it is necessary *o_insuiate the small storages particularly well. This requires: • Associate Professor of Horticultural Manufacturing. Penna. State College. — 61 — Mil ,t 1 I 'I ' <»t» 4. Cheap insulation. While in large storages the highest priced types of insulation may be used because the overall cost per bushel of capacity will not be increased inordinately, this is not true in smaller storage rooms. If very inexpensive materials, as for example planer shavings or buckwheat hulls, are used, the Continued on page sixty-five m Refrigerated Storage Room Constructed at The Pennsylvania State College for experimental purposes. B. MEIER & SON, Inc? FOOD BROKERS Representing some of America's finest canners. REPRESENTATION FOR ONE OR TWO REPUTABLE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 209 Bronx Terminal Market New York 5L New York — 62 — Small Vegetable Storage Room Charles K. Hallowell* Recent investigations at agricultural experiment stations indicate small storage rooms maintaining a 32° to 40° F. temperature are practical, the size being 200 to 1,000 bushel capacity, the holding period being overnight to a few days. Mechanical refrigeration for such rooms has been impossible to obtain since the war; therefore, ice will have to be the cooling medium. Correct insulation is the same for ice as for mechanical cooling. If storage rooms are built correctly now, mechanical refrig- eration may be installed later. Location of Storage Room: Farm storage rooms should be located where they will be easy to fill, and convenient for loading a truck when the product is removed. Size: Two and one-half to three cubic feet per bushel of storage capacity should be allowed in a small storage room. A room of 1500 cubic feet is about the limit in size for ice cooling. Building Materials and Their Use: It is possible to use a number of materials, but the way they are used is important. There should be two walls, an outer wall, and an inner wall. It is important that the outer wall should be lined with a moisture barrier (vapor seal) . Usually this is done by placing a layer of 35-lb. (or 2 layers of 15-lb.) asphalt paper on the inside surface of the outer wall, sealing all laps with hot (melted) asphalt. If this is carefully done, it will make very little difference from a moisture standpoint, whether matched lumber, cement wall-board, metal, masonry, or something else is used as outer wall. Either the cement wall-board or matched lumber will make a very satisfactory inside wall. Framing can be done the conventional way, usually with 2 X 4's. Insulating Materials: Not less than 9 inches of rock wool, glass wool, redwood bark, vermiculite or cork could be used. Twelve inches of planer shavings are satisfactory, and will be the least costly insulation. Floor Construction: Insulation is just as important in the floor as on the sides and top, but it must be waterproofed, and a floor drain provided. Door Opening: An insulated door can be built at home or purchased, with frame, •Philadelphia County Agent, 303 Drexel Building, Philadelphia 6, Pa., Phone LOMbard 3578. i- » , -63 — " 1 < I ,< . « V I ,lf1 4. Cheap insulation. While in large storages the highest priced types of insulation may be used because the overall cost per bushel of capacity will not be increased inordinately, this is not true in smaller storage rooms. If very inexpensive materials, as for example planer shavings or buckwheat hulls, are used, the Continued on page sixty-five »*> Refrigerated Storage Room Constructed at The Pennsylvania State College for experimental purposes. '11 -!*»*r "^v-fiv^ B. MEIER & SON, Inc. FOOD BROKERS Representing some of America's finest canners. REPRESENTATION FOR ONE OR TWO REPUTABLE ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 209 Bronx Terminal Market New York 5L New York — 62 — Small Vegetable Storage Room Charles K. Hallowell* Recent investigations at agricultural experiment stations indicate small storage rooms maintaining a 32° to 40" F. temperature are practical, the size being 200 to 1,000 bushel capacity, the holding period being overnight to a few days. Mechanical refrigeration for such rooms has been impossible to obtain since the war; therefore, ice will have to be the cooling medium. Correct insulation is the same for ice as for mechanical cooling. If storage rooms are built correctly now, mechanical refrig- eration may be installed later. Location of Storage Room: Farm storage rooms should be located where they will be easy to fill, and convenient for loading a truck when the product is removed. Size: Two and one-half to three cubic feet per bushel of storage capacity should be allowed in a small storage room. A room of 1500 cubic feet is about the limit in size for ice cooling. Building Materials and Their Use: It is possible to use a number of materials, but the way they are used is important. There should be two walls, an outer wall, and an inner wall. It is important that the outer wall should be lined with a moisture barrier (vapor seal) . Usually this is done by placing a layer of 35-lb. (or 2 layers of 15-lb.) asphalt paper on the inside surface of the outer wall, sealing all laps with hot (melted) asphalt. If this is carefully done, it will make very little difference from a moisture standpoint, whether matched lumber, cement wall-board, metal, masonry, or something else is used as outer wall. Either the cement wall-board or matched lumber will make a very satisfactory mside wall. Framing can be done the conventional way, usually with 2 X 4's. Insulating Materials: Not less than 9 inches of rock wool, glass wool, redwood bark, vermiculite or cork could be used. Twelve inches of planer shavings are satisfactory, and will be the least costly insulation. Floor Construction: Insulation is just as important in the floor as on the sides and top, but it must be waterproofed, and a floor drain provided. Door Opening: ^^ insulated door can be built at home or purchased, with frame, ♦Philadelphia County Agent, 303 Drexel Building, Philadelphia 6, Pa., Phone LOMbard 3578. -63 — .. .* • 'I I ' '.i INJENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE iir M» Irrigation for all Crops and Orchards at i/# INSURE' Crop Production By Irrigating ##1 r## RAIN' Where and When You Want It COMPLETE PORTABLE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Champion Portable Pipe and Valves Skinner Revolving Sprinklers — sand proof Transite Pressure Pipe for underground lines "RAIN-O-MATIC" Portable Power Pumping Units Sizes: 100 to 2,000 Gallons Per Minute SPECIALISTS IN IRRIGATION Hamilton & Company has designed and sold Irrigation Systems for many different crops grown on over 100,000 acres. We invite your irrigation problems and our Irrigation Engineering Service is always available to you. We will gladly plan your complete Irrigation System, including necessary pipe, valves, fittings, pump, sprinklers, engine or mounted portable power pumping unit and furnish you with an estimate. Write us today. O. K. Champion Power Potato Diggers Boggs Potato Graders and Equipment Trescott Fruit and Vegetable Machinery Peach Defuzzers, Graders and Conveyors Apple Graders, Waxers and Cleaners Tomato and Sweet Potato Graders, Washers and Waxers Lima and Snap Bean Cleaners and Conveyors HAMILTON & COMPANY EPHRATA, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA TELEPHONE 678 DISTRIBUTORS P. O. BOX 178 Pennsylvania. Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, D. of C. from a refrigerator door company, and will cost approximately $100 with at least 4 inches of cork. Ice Shelf or Bunker: This should be placed as near the top of the room as possible on one or both sides. This may be constructed of sheet iron, turning the edges up to form a pan, and putting in a drain pipe to carry away the waste water. Refrigerator Pipes: An opening 1" x 3" will provide space for the pipes to go through the wall. Insulation will be put around the pipes, and the opening sealed until ready for use. The above information is a summary from data prepared by G. J. Stout of the Agricultural Extension Service of The Pennsylvania State College. If any grower wants assistance, or more information about this, call on us. Selling Home Frozen Foods Many Association members enjoyed the talk given by Mr. Grant Noll of Lancaster at our January meeting, in which he described the evolution of his business in home frozen foods. This enterprise showed plenty of imagination and was an inspiration to listeners to take advantage of other "Acres of Diamonds'^ opportunities in their own back yard or front yard. It has been assumed quite gen- erally that the processing and selling of frozen fruits and vegetables is possible only where large organizations and factory equipment are available. Mr. NolPs farm industry which in 1944 processed and packaged seven tons of food to sell on the Lancaster retail mar- ket shows that this is not true. It is interesting also because it shows such a radical departure from the usual methods of disposing of farm produce. For the benefit of readers who were unable to at- tend the Harrisburg meeting, we hope to bring you a more com- plete story of this unique industry in a forthcoming issue of the News. Small Refrigerated Storage Rooms- Continued from page sixty-two cost will be much reduced and many growers can afford this storage. These cheap materials have proven effective provided certain essentials in construction, particularly the vapor bar- rier, are observed when the storage is built. In some cases as much as 12 to 18 inches of wall thickness of insulation has been used, which makes the operating cost of the storage very low. — 65 — 1 1 'iii ' tl 'fl| 1 1 >!• lllf SWEET AS HON^^.^,,, season fci msT Vh^ Colli putted v''**;,^ CO. ^ ^^_^.. ^^ Pent! *^* >a^^ _ .V »v-^^^^^^;) That Home Built Freezer The March, 1944, issue of the "News" carried an article on home- built freezers and a picture of such a piece of equipment. During the months that have elapsed since that time, many home freezers have been built on farms in Pennsylvania. Experiences with this freezing equipment and the growers who built them have indicated that some of the uses for farm freezers which were prophesied in that article have already materialized. This is particularly true concerning some commercial uses for the freezing of fruits and vegetables at home, these products to be sold later on the retail markets. However, the situation today is somewhat different from what it was a year ago. Most of the priorities have been lifted from refrig- eration equipment for home freezers and also there are indications that it may not be too long before factory-built freezers are on the market. It would seem that certain experiences gained from use of a home-built freezer and observing the construction of several others in the meantime, might be useful to others who are in the market for a freezer. The freezer should be large enough to serve the purposes for which it is intended. Rarely will a freezer smaller than 50 cubic feet suffice, and it is advisable to build one of 70 cubic feet or larger size if any frozen products, such as fruits, vegetables, or poultry are to be stored for later sale. The 40 cubic-foot size described and pictured was too small for farm use. Most refrigeration mechanics are capable of making a good in- stallation in a freezer, provided they know what is wanted, but some are still insistent that the "dry coil" will not work and that the "flooded coil" must be used. The dry coil is perfectly satisfactory as has been proven by many satisfactory installations. Many mistakes have been made in constructing the box but prac- tically all of these have been due to either the owner or the car- penter insisting on carrying out his own ideas rather than following the instructions. Most of these errors have to do with the arrange- ment of the lids and thickness of the insulation on the top. It is not necessary to have more than 6 to 8 inches of insulation in the top of the freezer but even with this amount, it is awkward to reach down over this insulation to the bottom of a freezer which is 30 inches or more deep inside. It was for this reason that the openings were made flush with the top of the inside compartment and brought as far forward as possible. While very few builders have used planer shavings for insulation, those who have report satisfactory performance in every respect. — 67 — '. 6 «4i ^1 • ' » IV TIGHT BINDING >. , 0, t GOLDEN CROSS BANTAM The introduction of Golden Cross Bantam by Purdue University and the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture was a milestone in agriculture. This fact was recognized last year by the American Seed Trade Associa- tion in the presentation of a plaque to Glenn M. Smith, who was responsible for the program of breeding and selection which pro- duced this splendid hybrid. Golden Cross Bantam secured and holds its leadership because of unusually wide adaptation, resistance to wilt, and the high quality of Its large, handsome ears. For the grower it is important that hybrid seed be secured from a competent and reliable source. Utilizing the experience gained in more than 20 years of inbreeding and production, we maintain and annually cross the parent inbreds with great care, and the Asgrow stram is renowned. ASSOCIATED SEED GROWEBS, INC. MILFORD. CONN. i The cost of higher priced insulating materials should not prevent anyone from building a freezer. Some people still have the idea that a zero temperature storage box cannot produce a satisfactory frozen product because no "quick freeze" is provided. Experience has shown that excellent results may be secured without any "quick freeze" arrangement and it is not thought worth while to attempt to provide any compartment with temperatures below zero for freezing purposes. The most im- portant consideration in producing a high quality product is to freeze good products and package them so they do not dry out in the freezer. Proper blanching of vegetables is essential. Farm people should give serious consideration to the construction of a "walk-in" refrigerated storage room (35° F) around the freezer, this outer room to be used for the chilling of meats, holding poultry over night before marketing, storing butter, eggs, cheese, and perish- able produce. If such a storage room is built first and the freezer installed within it, both can be operated from the same h or i horse- power compressor and at a cost for electricity very little if any above that required for the freezer alone. The initial cost of this complete structure should not be more than $600 to $700 and some people have paid more than that for a factory-built freezer of only 25 cubic feet or less capacity. Home-built locker in G. J. Stout's Home, State College, Pa. — 69 — *\\ ' • ♦ «S' 'r lill' 4i I'' • . ! 1, 'I* HERE'S THE WAY to Better Crops /• MAKE CVCRY ACRE DO ITS BC$T Use Armour's BIG CROP Fertilizers under vegetables to produce bigger crops of finer quality. Use Armour's also in your soil con- servation program and to reinforce manure. BIG CROP is complete, economical, dependable over many years. Place your order with your nearby Armour Agent. ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Membership List — 1945 Abbott & Cobb, 4655 Paul St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Adam, Alfons, Strasburg, R. 1, Pa. Adams, Andrew, Sweet Valley, Pa. Adams Apple Products Corp., Aspers, Adams Co., Pa. Adams County Fruit Packing & Distribut- ing Co., Inc., Biglerville, Pa. Adams, Robert L., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Aden, Joseph, York, R. 6, Pa. Agricultural Library, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. Ake, Walter, Box 113, Camden, Del. Albright, Eber, Roaring Spring, R. 1, Pa. Alburger, Norwood A. Jacksonville Road, Ivyland, Pa. Aldinger, Malcolm S., York, R. 6, Pa. Alexander, M. W., Cochranville, Box 53, Pa. Allaman, R. P., Harrisburg, R. 1, Pa. Allen, W. B., Brier Hill, Pa. Allen, William, Churchville, Pa. Allen Company, Agricultural Chemicals, Pittstown, N. J. Altland, Elmer, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Altland, Emory, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Aitland, Norman, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Alwine, Robert H., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Ambrosius, Arthur, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. American Can Co. (Earl Able), 212 W. Wis- consin Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. American Can Co. (Dr. F. W. Geise), Chi- cago, 111. American Cyanamid Company, Director of Agr. Research, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y. American Cyanamid Company (M. V. Bail- ey), 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20. N. Y. American , Potash Institute, Inc. (Cather- ine M. Schmidt, Librarian) , 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. Anders, H. K., Court House, Hollidaysburg, Pa. Anderson, Charles, Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Anderson, Richard, Dallastown, Pa. Anderson, William, 244 Hillcrest Ave., Mor- risville. Pa. Andrews, Charles, Chambersburg, R. 2, Pa. Ankeny, M. R., Shelocta, R. 1, Pa. Anstine, J. L., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Ardiere, Ralph, Plymouth, R. 1, Pa. Armstrong, Cheflon, Quarryville, R. 2, Pa. Armstrong, Willard, Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Armstrong, William, Box 115, Berwyn, Pa. Arnold, J. Harold, Vanderbilt, Pa. Arnold, Harry, Beaver Falls, R. 1, Pa. Arnold, J. P., Beaver Falls, R. 1, Pa. Arnold, Moses S., Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Ashton, James, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Asper, Charles A., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Asper, John R., York Springs. R. 1, Pa. Artley, Larue, 339 Cherry St., Montours- ville. Pa. Aten, Robert I., Macungie, Lehigh Co., Pa. Athens Canning Co. (Wesley Pahl) , Athens, Wis. Auchey, John, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Auchey, Norman, Hanover, R. 1. Pa. Auckland, Herbert. Second St. Pike, South- ampton, Pa. Auker. T. R., Mifflintown, Pa. Baer, Charles, Bair, Pa. Baer, Mervin, Carlisle, R. 6, Pa. Bailey, Ernest F., Winfield, R. 1, Pa. Bair, Clifford, Cochranville, Pa. Bair, Daniel S., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Bair, E. S., Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Bair, George E., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Bair, J. D., Montgomery, Pa. Bair, Luther C, Hanover, R. 1, Pa. Bair, Raymond, Smullton, Pa. Baker, Chester, Market St., Lititz, Pa. Baker Bros., Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Baker, George, Jr., Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Baker, Harry, South Langhorne, Pa. Baker, John C, Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Baker, O. W., Commodore, Pa. Balderston, Edward T., Morrisville, Pa. Ball, W. B., Room 2, Court House, Easton, Pa. Balsbaugh, Amos J., Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Balsbaugh, Paul A., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Banes, C. R., 205 Old Country Rd., Mineola, N. Y. Bange, Aaron N., Hanover, R. 4, Pa. Bange, Edward L., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Bankert, Daniel P., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Bankert, Elwood C, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Bankert, George H., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Bankert, John P., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Bankert, Paul M., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Bankert, Raymond, Thomasville, R. 2, Pa. Bankert, Raymond C, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Bard, Ephriam G., Columbia, R. 1, Pa. Bare, Charles N., York, R. 1, Pa. Bare, Earl S., Leacock, Pa. Barker, Herbert C, Malvern, Pa. Barnard, C. C, c/o Blue Mountain Can- neries, Inc., Martinsburg, Pa. Barnard, J. D., c/o Minnesota Valley Can- ning Company, Le Sueur, Minnesota Barney, William, 140 Main St., Kingston, Pa. Barr, Morris Abner, Phoenixville, R. 2, Pa. Bartlett, L. & Comer. C, Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Bash, Walter S., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Bastian, W. M., Muncy, R. 3, Pa. Baublitz, Noah, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Bauer, Allen H., Botany Bldg., State Col- lege, Pa. Baugher, Paul, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Baum, D. S., Elizabethtown, R. 3, Pa. Baum, E. L., Dillsburg, R. 2, Pa. Baumgardner, Elmer J., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Baxter & Bros., H. C. (Donald W. Reed), Lock Box 81, Hartland, Maine Beach, Harry B., Roaring Spring, R. 1, Pa. Beaver, A. D., Vicksburg, Pa. Beaver, Charles L., Mifflinburg, R. 1, Pa. Beccari, Peter, Hickman. Box 61, Pa. Beck, Glenfall, New Britain, Pa. Becker, Clarence Y., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Becker, Mervin L., Abbottstown, R. 1, Pa. Becker. Norman E., 846 York St., Hanover, Pa. Becker, N. T., Seven Valleys, R. 1, Pa. Becker, Ralph, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Becker, H. Stanley, Route 132, Croydon, Pa. Becker, Stanley Q., Route 132, Croydon, Pa. Becker, Walter T., Mt. Joy, R. 2. Pa. Beckert, Elmer G., Mt. Troy Road Ext., R.D. 8, Box 771B, Pittsburgh 15, Pa. Beiler, Aaron E., Gap, R. 1, Pa. Beiler, Elias R., Gordonville, R. 1, Pa. Beiler, Isaac K., Elverson. R. 2, Pa. Beiler, John M., Ronks, R. 1, Pa. To June 15. Subscribers without membership, omitted. 73 — 4 P* ,.i r > lll> ll • Bell Dan, Pittston, R. 1. Pa. lemiss. A. C. North East. Pa Bender. L. J.. Allentown. R- 4.JPa. Bender Maurice R.. Lancaster. R- 2. Pa. ilnedict Glenn. Chambersburg. R. 1. Pa. Spnedict Irvin P.. Waynesboro, Pa. Einldlcf; Jesse Chambersburg. R- l^.^^a Benham. J. F.. Penna. R.R. Sta.. Rlchmona. B^ns^coter. Mrs. Freas W.. Berwick. R. 1. Bi^^scoter. Isaac. Hunlock Creek^ R. 1. Pa. ilnscotlr! Ralph. Shickshinny. Pa Benscoter. Wrighter. Hunlock Creek. R. i. Brntley. Norman. Lincoln University. Pa. ilntz! Earl W. L Dillsburg. R. 1. Pa. Bentzel, Arthur J.. York. R. 4. Pa. •Rpr? Richard. Eddmgton. Fa. ocm Rprlh Pvt Margery Ann, A3 1950 5. 3610 SCU-WAC Det., Percy Jones Gen and Conv Hospital Annex. Fort Custer Mich. Berkheimer. Jacob M.. Mechnicsburg. R. 2. B^rlew. George. Dallas. R.l.Pa^ IfA^^^a'n ^h"o.' NanfnXtrnCorpora- ^tlon sTl'so. Wolfe St.. Baltimore 31 Md. Berth. William. Hunlock Creek, R. 1. Pa. he^^^^^^S^^^^-^ Mt. Holly. Bidd^e. T^as F.. 8700 Bustleton Avenue. Birkman^'a Joh"^^^^ Frankford Avenue. BimnV'er'.' wIlU^^^^ Hanover R. 3 Pa. Black. Glenn W.. Gettysburg R. 1, Pa. Black, Howard, Glen Rock fa Bleacher, Norman, Conestoga, K 2, ^a- Blenko. Mrs. Walter J.. Middle Rd.. Aiiison Park Pa. t» Rlocker Horace B., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. EJoomsburg Packing Company, Blooms- burg. Pa. ^ .^ o c t3q Bock. Walter. Crafton. R. 5. Pa Boehler. Jacob. Brodbecks. R^ 1 . Pa. Boeckel. William. Sprmg Grove. R. 1, Pa. Boettcher. Ernst, York. R. 4. Pa. Bolig, E. R., Selinsgrove, Pa. Bolinski. Joseph. Blopmsburg Pa. Bollinger. Edward. LititzR. 1. Fa. Bomberger. Mark H.. Lebanon. R. 1, Fa. Bonham. Boyd. Hunlock. R. 1, Fa. Bonner. Joseph A.. 9301 Bustleton Avenue. Philadelphia 15, Pa. Book, D. B., Lampeter. Pa. Book. John H.. Lancaster. R. 4, Pa. Bortner. Ervin M.. ThomasviUe, R. 1. Fa. Bortner, John L., Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Bowes. H. J.. Sunshine Packing Corpora- tion of Pa., North East. Pa. Bowman, David, ThomasviUe, R. 1. Pa. Bowman. Jason T.. Red Lion Road, Torres- dale. Philadelphia, Pa. Bowman, Luther K.. The Juniata Cannery, Newville. Pa. Bowman, Minor, Freeland, Md. Boyd, Robert, North East, Pa. Boyd. William I., Wyoming, Del. Boyek, Michael, Shickshinny. R. 1, Pa. Boyer, George H.. Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Boyer, Ira C, 212 N. Broad St., Selinsgrove, Pa. Bozeman Canning Co., P.O. Box 311, Mount Vernon. Wash. Brackbill. Harry G., Malvern. Pa. Brackbill. Moses H., Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Braucher, Samuel W.. Fleetwood. R. 2, Pa. Bream. A. F.. Gardners. R. 1. Pa. Bream. Ernest. Gardners, R. 1. Pa. Bream, Luther. Gardners, R. 1. Pa. Bream. Sylvester. Gardener. R. 2. Pa. Bredbenner. Samuel L.. Bloomsburg, R. 3, Pa Brehm, F. C. Dilltown, Pa. Brehm, Raymond, Johnstown, R. l. tsox Bd, Pa Breiner. Fred J.. Tamaqua, R- 1. Pa. Breiner. F. W., 435 Sharpless St.. West Ches- ter Pa Breisch. Bertha. Bloomsburg. R. 3, Pa Breneman. J. W., Willow Street, R. 1. Pa. Brenneman. Mark. Manheini. Pa. Brenneman. Ray. Seven Valleys R. 2. Fa. Brenneman. Roy J.. Mt. ^27' .S'^^^' Breon. Harold T.. Spring Mills Pa Bricker. H. E.. Brodbecks. R. 1. Pa. Bricker. Henry M.. Sprmg Grove R. 1. Pa. Bricker. J. R.. Brodbecks. R. 1, Fa. Karf ^Ge^org^%^.%^pl^nrGrove. R. 2. Br^nton. Henry Coatesville Pa. Brodbeck. Paul. East Berlm. R. 2. Fa. Brode. P. E.. Hyndman. Pa Bronson. Alfred Sweet Valley Pa Brooks. Frank. Bellefonte. R 2. Pa. Brooks. George E.. Yardley. Pa. Brown. Henry. Bethel. R. 1; Pf . McCar- Brownsville Canning Co. (Harold Mccar thy). Brownsville. Wis. Bruan. Walter W.. R. 5. York. Pa. Brubaker, Daniel A. Ephrata. R 1. Pa. Brubaker. Henry E..Mt. Joy. R. 1. Pa. Brubaker. Isaac M.. Lititz. R. 2. Fa. Brubaker. John G.. Lancaster. ^-^J'^' Brubaker. J. N . Lancaster. R. 2. Pa. Brubaker. Levi. Manheim, R. 2. Pa Brubaker, Paris, Mount Joy. R. 2. Fa. Brubaker, Spencer. Lititz, R^., Fa. Brvfogle's Flowers. Muncy, Pa. ^ „ _^ Buchanan, Marshall A., Oxford. R. 3. Pa. Bucher. J. B.. Lititz, R. 2, Pa Bucher. Miles K.. Lebanon. R.l. Fa. Bucher, Raymond N..R. 1- lititz. Pa. Buchman. R. V.. Brodbecks. R. 1. Pa. Buckwalter. P. L^ Atglen. Pa. Bull. L. H., Agr. Extension Assoc. Erie. Fa. Bundy. Albert. Croyden. R. 1. Pa. Bunting. R. H.. 1103 North Davison Street. Salisbury. Md. ^ ^ . ^ td« Bunting. W Scott. Oxford Pa. Burch and Son. H. C- North East. Fa. Burcess B. H.. Tunkhannock. Fa. iSrioon, John W., Littlestown. Pa^ Burgoon & Yingling, Gettysburg Pa. Burkett. George S.. Claysburg RD. Pa. Burkholder. Aaron Z'^P^TjfJf ' ?o^n r. 2. Burkholder. Clarence M.. Myerstown. rv. Burkholder. Ell O.. Ephrata. R. 2 Pa^ ing Park Avenue at 18th s>treei. r-nii B,?r1-cV'se?d Growers Co.. D, V.. Hocky Ford, Colorado 74 — Bush, Benjamin H., 1428 First Ave., York, Pa Bush Earl, Stewartstown, R. 3, Pa. Butterwick. R. A.. 523 N. Leh St., Allen- town, Pa. Caldwell. W. A., Lancaster, Box 213, Pa. California Spray-Chemical Corp., Elizabeth, New Jersey Calumet-Dutch Packing Co. (Gordon Ver- hulst) . Sheboygan, Wis. Cameron. W. R., Quarryville, Pa. Campbell Soup Co. (Dr. D. R. Porter) , Riv- erton, N. J. Campbell, L. Graham, 354 Stockton Street, Hightstown, N. J. Campbell, Walter, Lampeter, Pa. Campbell, Mrs. Wilson A.. 211 Creek Drive, Sewickley, Pa. .„ „ „ „ Candell, Leff, Cochranville, R. 2, Pa. Capone, Frank J., 157 S. Main Ave., Scran- ton 4, Pa. „ . „ Carr. B. R., North East, Pa. Carrere, Miss A. M., Havre de Grace, R. 2, Maryland Carter, Russel F., Yardley, Pa. Cashman, Elmer and Homer, York Springs, R 1 Pa. Cassel, Jeremiah, Manheim, R. 1, Pa. Central Wisconsin Canneries, Inc. (Warren Clark), Beaver Dam, Wis. Chapman, Harry, Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Charles, Amos B., Lancaster. R. 2, Pa. Charles. H. Raymond. Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Charles. Ivan N., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Chase. Mrs. Clement E., Ashokan, N. Y. Chase. E. Harvey. Oxford. Pa. Checchia Bros., Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Cherrington, Archie, Bloomsburg, R. 3. Pa. Chestnut, Frank K., Morrisville, R. 1, Pa. Chronister, Ivan E.. Dillsburg, R. 2, Pa. Claar, William, Roaring Spring, R. 1, Pa. Clapper, Dewey, Dillsburg, R. 2, Pa. Clark Company, W. N., Holcomb, N. Y. Clark Company, W. N. (William Frey) , Hol- comb, N. Y. Clark Company, W. N., Caro, Mich. Clark Company, W. N., 10 Gibbs St., Ro- chester 4, N. Y. Clark, Roy, Eldred, Pa. Clarke, Fred C, Gibsonia, R. 1, Pa. Clarke, William S., Jr., P.O. Box 167, State College, Pa. Clemson, Leonard G., Halifax, Pa. Clugston, G. S., East Waterford, Pa. Clymer, Samuel H. M., Chalfont, Pa. Coates, G. H., Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Coates, John T., Cochranville, R. 2, Pa. Cobb Canning Co. (George C. Johnson), Cobb. Wis. Cole, Ray M., 710 E. Second St., Blooms- burg, Pa. Coleman, B. L., Court House, Easton, Pa. Coles, Walter L., West Chester, R. 1, Pa. Collins. Charles E., 301 Cherry St., Dun- more 12, Pa. Comly, J. Byron, Bustleton, Grant Avenue, Philadelphia 15, Pa. Comly, Rowland R., Bustleton, Pa. Comstock Canning Corp. (S. J. Scutt), Newark, N. Y. Conklin. Kenneth, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Conley, Harry F., Etters, R. 1, Pa. Consumers Ice & Coal Co. (C. L. Snavely), Plum & Liberty Sts., Lancaster, Pa. Cook, A. C, Chambersburg, R. 1, Pa. Cook, Wayne, Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Cool, J. E., Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Coolbaugh, Arthur, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Coolbaugh, Perry. Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Coolbaugh, Wm.. Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Coon, F. H. Clarks Summit, R. 2, Box 106, Pa. Coon, John, Wyoming, R. 1, Pa. Copeland Bros., Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Copenhaver, Klein. Annville, R. 1, Pa. Copp, Maurice E., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Corkins, C. E., Middleburg, Pa. Corl, Fred, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Corman, Harry. Bellefonte, Pa. Corman, Ray E., Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Cornell. J. Nelson, Southampton. Pa. Cornell, Leigh P., Grand View Farm, Feas- terville, Pa. Cornell, Norman S., Warrington, Pa. Coughenour, Woodrow P., Chalfont, Pa. Coulson, Frank A., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Coulson, John H., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Craumer, Barto, Glen Rock, R. 1, Pa. Creasy, Luther P., Catawissa, Pa. Cremard & Son. Louis, 71 S. Foote Avenue, Pittston, Pa. Cremer, Victor H., Brodbecks, R. 1. Pa. Cross. William, Bellefonte. R. 1, Pa. Crouthamel. A. W., 315 S. Franklin Street, Allentown. Pa. Crowl, Joseph, Hanover, R. 1, Pa. Crust, William E., Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Culver, P. L., 2921 Harvard Ave., Camp Hill, Pa. Cunningham, J. Wilbur, Indiana, R. 1, Pa. Curtice Brothers Co. (C. P. Lathrop), 20 Curtice St., Rochester 5, N. Y. Cyphers, C. H., Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Daegan, Jesse, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Dagen, Charles L., West Willow, Pa. Dam Canning Co., Albert, Verona Station, New York Damms, A. J., Clear Spring Farms, Sweet Valleys, R. 1, Pa. Danenberger, Elmer P., Huntingdon Valley, Pa. Davenport, H. B., Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. Da vies, James R., and Son, 519 Northamp- ton St., Kingston, Pa. Davis, George W., Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Davis, John D., Zions Grove, Pa. Davis, Marvin. Fallsington. Pa. Dayton, Garnet, Chambersburg, R. 1, Pa. Dean, Vance O., 636 Sheldon St., Madison 5, Wis. De Angelis, Frank, 9801 Bustleton Avenue, Bustleton, Philadelphia 15, Pa. De Gillio, Vito, Avoca, R. 2, Pa. Dehart, William, Mt. Alto, Pa. DeLashmutt, W. F., King Supply Company, Morrisville, Pa. DeLong, Walter, Quarryville, Pa. Delp, Robert, Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Demy, Meade, 915 S. 17th St., Harrisburg, Pa. de Rocha, V. J., Bristol, Rhode Island Derr, John F., Danville, R. 2, Pa. Derstine, Chester H., Hilltown, Bucks Co., Pa. Dettling, Mrs. Bertha K., Venetia, R. 1, Pa. Detwiler, C. H., Woodbury, Pa. Detwiler, C. L. & Son, Hatboro, R.D., Pa. De Witt, Elmer, Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Dickson, Wilson, 99 George St., Hanover, Pa. Dick. Scott A., Dillsburg. R. 1, Pa. Diehl, Ervin P., Felton, R. 1, Pa. Diehl, Harry L., Stewartstown, R. 2, Pa. Diehl, John B., York, R. 4, Pa. Diehl, Kenneth, New Freedom, R. 1. Pa. Diehl, LeRoy D., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Dletz, David. York, R. 4, Pa. I I ,•• ■ ' I iff '••• 7!|fj| ■.i.:ii. ♦ t — 75 — i ,A.- .. • ' 4 i Diffenderfer, Warren W., Lancaster, R. 1. Di^ev R. F., 317 E. New St., Lancaster, Pa. Di Gi^olamo; EuGene. Eddington, Bucks County, Pa. „ ^ „ ,. t> i t>o Divel, Harry L., East Berlin, R.l. Pa. Doan, Duane D. & Marcus P. Doan, Yard- ley, R. 1, Pa- „ „ « Dohl. Hoke, Shickshinny, R. 2. Pa. nnnovan Francis, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. DoSglk^; John, Dept. of Commerce & Agri- culture, 263 Castlereagh St., Sydney. Aus- Dowde^ll. R. W.. 148 E. Curtin St., Bellefonte, Pa Drager, Walter. Columbia, Pa. ,,„. „ Draper Canning Co. (H. C. Draper) , Milton, Delaware Dreemer, Harry, Shickshinny, R. 3, Pa. Drlhs^ W. F., 543 Court St., Reading, Pa. Dreibelbis, Albert, Pennsylvania Furnace, Di^tbelbis, Walter. Pennsylvania Furnace, Drews. John F.. Langhorne, R. 2. Pa Dubble, Nathan G.. Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Dubs, Robert H., Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Dubs, Roy, Hanover. R. 3, Pa. rp^-^^^. Dudley. Oliver P., Red Lion Rd.. Torres- Du'fa^^y^'a'n^'tr JohA^H" (Ralph O. Du- nS^'a^d^Kota H. (G. P. Lipplncott) Dun^n!^A^Dudley, Southampton, Bucks niinkplbercer. George A., Bemville, Pa. EunlapB Bruce, 3125 Chestnut St.. Camp Hill Pa Dunla'p. William B.. Coatesville. R. 2. Pa. Dunnick, Furman, Parkton, R. 2. M<^ Dusman, George H., Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Dusman. J. W., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Dusman. Leroy, Hanover, R. ^, fa. Dutwiner. Ira K., 36 No. 8th St.. Lebanon, Pa. Dym'ond, Ben, Falls. R. 1, Pa. Dymond Bros., Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Dymond, Ernest. Falls. R. 1, Pa. Dymond. Graydon, Shickshinny, RD.. Pa. Dymond, Lawrence, Falls, R. 1. Pa. Dymond. Stanley. Pittston. R. 1. Pa. Eastern Shore Canning Co., Inc. (L. Leath- erbury), Machipongo, Va. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange (Erma Richmond, Librarian). P.O. Box 1482. Springfield. Mass. Eberly, Harvey O.. Lititz, R. LP?- „ Eberly, Milton, Elizabethtown, R. 3, Pa. Eberly, Park, Mt. Joy. Pa. Ebersole, Clarence. Bainbridge. Pa. Ebersole. Levi. Elizabethtown, R. 1, Pa. Eby, Henry R., 2 Court House. Pittsburgh. Pa Eby, Ira L., Fayetteville. R. 1, Pa. Eck. Bernard, Thomasville. R. 1. Pa. Eck. Howard A.. 313 E. Seventh Avenue. So. Williamsport. Pa. Eck's Sons, J. J.. 327 Church St.. So. Wil- liamsport. Pa. Eckert, Harold L.. Elizabethtown, R. 1, Pa. Eckert. P. C, Christiana. R. 1. Pa. Edwards. Harold E.. 422 So. State Street, darks Summit, Pa. Edgerton, Charles. King Farms Co., Mor- risville, Pa. ^ , ^ Edwards, Russell, 1213 Pond St., Bristol, Pa. Edwards, Russell K., Ivyland, Pa. Eichelberger, Jacob, Manheim. R. 1. Pa. Eisenhart, Luther W.. 218 W. Main Street. Heller town. Pa. _ „ Eisenhart, P. E., York, R. 1, Pa. Eiserman, Paul E., 145 Baltimore St., Han- over, Pa. ,..»,. Ellenberger, E. E.. Pennsylvania Furnace, Pa Elwyn Training School. Elwyn, Pa. Emig. John M.. York. R. 5. Pa. Emmi, Joan A.. Clarks Summit. R. 1, Pa. Enders, J. Harry, Lancaster. R. 1, Pa. Erb, James M., Pequea, R. 1, Pa. Erb, Roy B.. Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Eroh. Roy, Nescopeck. Pa. „ „ , „ « Esbenshade, Aaron M., New Holland, R. 2, Pa Eshe'hnan, A. N., Mount Joy, R. 2, Pa. Evans. H. J., Georgetowii, N. Y. Evans, W. H.. Plainsville, Box 5, Pa. Eyet, Stanley. Falls. R- 1. Pa. Fagen. F. M., 410 Market St., Oxford, Pa. Fair. David, Harrisburg, R.D. 1. Pa. Fairman, Milton, Creekside, R. 1, Pa. Fairmount Canning Co. (H. A. Blesi) , Fair- mount, Lock Box 341. Minn. Farver. Harland, Benton. R. 1. Pa. Farver, Irven, Stillwater, R. L Pa. Farver. Joseph, Huntington Mills. Pa. Farver, Otis, Sweet Valley, Pa. Faux, Frances, Falls, R. 1, Pa. Fay, Joseph, 22 Harrington St., Courtdale. Pa Feaster, Donald B., Lewisburg, R. 2, Pa. Feeser, Roy R., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Feigler Bros., Red Lion, Pa. Fellenbaum, Ellis H., 120 New Haven St., Mount Joy, Pa. ,„ „ ^ ^ r> i Fenstermacher, John W., Mertztown, R. l. Pa Fenstermacker, W. A.. Nescopeck, R. 1. Pa. Ferguson, Cyrus B., Oxford. Pa. Ferry Bros., 798 Third Ave., Bristol. Pa. Fetrow. J. Gilbert. Etters, R. 1, Pa. Fetterman, J. Gordon, Commercial Trust Bldg.. Philadelphia 2. Pa. Fetterman. Lorenzo. Catawissa. R. 2, Pa. Fetterolf. Raymond A., 240 Penn Street. Bloomsburg. Pa. Fickel, C. W., Gardners. R. 1. Pa. Fiedler, Edwin, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Findley, H. Steele. Cramer, Pa Fine Foods of Canada, Limited (Att.: Mr. B. Ormseth), Tecumseh, Ont. Fine Foods of Canada, Limited (Att.. Mr. Henri Rondot), Ste. Martine, Que. Fink. Albert, Shickshinny. R. 1. Pa. Fink. Mathias. Newtown. R. 2. Pa. Firebaugh. S. B.. New Freedom, Pa. Fisher. Frank S., Robesonia, R. 1. Pa. Fisher, John S., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Fisher, Stephen U., Strasburg, R. L Pa- Fleming, Charles, Dillsburg, R. 1. Pa. Fleming, E. J., Andalusia. Pa. Fletcher. F. S.. Farm Manager. U. S. Feni tentiary, Lewisburg. R. 3, Pa. Flick, Roy G., Rohrerstown. Pa. Flickinger, Charles, 14 Pleasant St over. Pa. «,•!-, Flinchbaugh, Clair. Felton, R. 1. Pa. Floyd. K. B., King Ferry. NY Fohringer, Charles, Spring Mills, Pa. Folcomer, Harry C, Seven Valleys, R. 1. t^a. Food Packer, The (Newell L. Clark. Edi- tor). 139 N. Clark St.. Chicago 2, 111. Forrey. Daniel S., Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Forry, Alvan D., Hanover, R- 3. Pa. Forry. Benjamin, Manheim. R. 2. Pa. Forry, Harry, Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Forry. Harry, Jr., Spring Grove, R. 2, ra. Han- — 76 — Forry, Irvin, Manheim, R. 2, Pa. Fox. John J.. Ivyland, Pa. Fox William A., York. R. 3, Pa. Fox Valley Canning Co. (Walter Schroder) , Hortonville. Wis. Frank. H. B.. Quarryville, Pa. Frank Irvin W., Elizabethtown. R. 1. Pa. Frank. W. C. Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Franklin, Edmund, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Frantz, Raymond P., Spring Grove. R. 1, Pa. Frecon, Richard, Boyertown, R. 2, Pa. Free. William A., Hungerford, Pa. Freed, Mrs. Marie R. H., 7024 Chew Street, Philadelphia 40, Pa. „ „ „ Frey, Armor P., Conestoga, R. 2, Pa. Frey, Fred F.. Conestoga, R. 2, Pa. Frey' Harold L., Conestoga, R. 2, Pa. Frey, Harold T., Elizabethtown, R. 3, Pa. Frey', John E., Abbottstown, R. 1, Pa. Frey, Samuel A., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Friday Canning Corporation (C. A. Friday, President), New Richmond, Wis. Friedling, Edward, Star Route, Biglerville, Pa. Fritz, Steward J.. Glen Rock, R. 3, Pa. Fry. Miles W.. Ephrata. R. 3, Pa. Fugh. Arthur J.. 140 Kittsbbing Pike. Pitts- burgh 15. Pa. Fuhrman. Robert C. Hanover. R. 3. Pa. Fulmer, Elmer E., 1818 Fulmer St.. Bustle- ton, Philadelphia, Pa. Funk, A. H., Millersville, Pa. Funk, B. Milton, Washington Boro, Pa. Funk, Mrs. Mildred M., Washington Boro, R 1 Pa. Funk,'Weiker W., King Farms Co., Morris- ville, Pa. , ... w 1 J Furman Cannery, S. W., Northumberland, R 1 Pa. Furman, N. J., Montandon, Pa. Fuzzydele Farms, Elverson, Pa. Fye, Roy G., Richland Greenhouses, Johns- town, R. 7, Pa. Fyock, D. A., Evans City, R. 2, Pa. Fyock, J. I., Indiana, R. 3, Pa. Fyock, John S., Clymer, R. 1, Pa. Gable, Paul, York. R. 2, Pa. Gable Farm No. 5, C. H., Mountville, Pa. Gable Farm No. 3. C. H., Mountville. Pa. Gable, Isaac T., Dallastown, R. 1, Pa. Gabriel. Eugene A., Glen Moore, Pa. Gademan. Lee P., Danville, R. 5, Pa. Gaenzle. L. E., Fleetwood, R. 1, Pa. Galbreath, M. B.. Director. The N. Y. State Agricultural & Technical Institute. Mor- risville. N. Y. Gallagher, Paul, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Gamse Lithographing Co., Inc., Gamse Bldg.. 419-421 E. Lombard St., Baltimore 2, Md. Gancarz, John & J. S. Gancarz, Morrisville, Pa. Gantz, John H., R. 2, Mt. Joy, Pa. Garber, Monroe, Elizabethtown, R. 1, Pa. Garber, Robert H., Mt. Joy, R. 2, Pa. Garber, Snavely, Willow Street, R. 1. Pa. Gardner, Chas. W.. York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Gardner. John O., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Gardner. Park, Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Garfield, C. W., Harbor Creek, Pa. Garr, Thomas J., Southampton Rd., Somer- ton, Philadelphia 16. Pa. Garrahan, F. H., 100 S. Thomas Ave., Kings- ton, Pa. Garrett. Charles J.. West Chester. R. 3. Pa. Garrett. Ralph, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Garretson, Donald, Aspers, R. 1, Pa. Garrison, H. J., 204 E. Holly Ave., Pitman. New Jersey Gaugler, George, Port Trevorton, R. 2. Pa. Gearhart, Jacob. Antrim Township School District. Chambersburg, R. 5. Pa. Gebhart, G. L.. Hanover. R. 1. Pa. Gebhart, H., Dallas, R. 3. Pa. Geesey, Glenn S.. York, R. 5, Pa. Geesey, Harold L., 827 Philadelphia Street. York, Pa. Gehman, Allen, Ronks, R. 1. Pa. Gehman, Isaac H.. Ephrata. R. 1, Pa. Geib, Elmer S., Manheim, R. 3, Pa. Geiman. Edward O., Hanover. R. 2. Pa. General Foods Corporation. Birds Eye- Snider Division (Att.: Mr. W. O. Joos), Hillsboro, Oregon Gentzler, Melvin C. York, R. 1, Pa. George. John. Jr., Spring Grove, R. 3. Pa. George. William D., Coplay, R. 1, Pa. Gerber Products Co. (Frank Gerber), Fre- mont. Mich. Gerberack, John L., York. R. 1, Pa. Gerbrick, S. L.. Glen Rock. R.D.. Pa. Germick, Andrew, Wyoming. R.D.. Pa. Gersch. August T., Second St. Pike. South- ampton, Pa. Gessner, Norman A., Box 269, Paxinos, R. 1, Pa. Getz, Rohrer. Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Gibble, Graybill G.. Manheim, R. 1. Pa. Gibble, J. H.. Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Gibbons, John A.. Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Gibson. Mrs. J. Whitton, Conshohocken. R. 1, Gulp Mills. Pa. Gilbert, A. F., Millersburg, Pa. Gillan. C. Frank, St. Thomas, Pa. Gingrich, Clayton C, Hershey, R. 2. Pa. Gingrich. William H., Elizabethtown, R. 3. Pa. Gish, Martin. Elizabethtown, R. 1, Pa. Givler. Kenneth, 1716 Wayne St., Harris- burg. Pa. „ « „ Gladfelter. Charles E.. Hanover, R. 3. Pa. Gladfelter. Ralph E.. Spring Grove. R. 1. Pa. Glass, Lester A., Roaring Spring, R. 1. Pa Glatfelter. Harry A.. Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Glenn, Donald. Box 9. Franklin, Pa. G.L.F. Columbia Farm Products Co-opera- tive, Inc., Bloomsburg, Pa. Glick. Daniel. Smoketown, Pa. GUck. Samuel Roy, Narvon, R. 1. Pa. Gobrecht, William D.. Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Gochnauer. Ivan H.. R. 1. Lancaster, Pa. Godfrey, C. N., Chadds Ford, R. 1, Pa. Godshall, Oliver C, Box 22, Barnesville, Pa. Golden, Ralph, York Springs, R- 2, Pa Gold Medal Baking Co.. 324-26 E. Locust Street, Scranton 5. Pa. Goll Fred M.. Academy & E. Comly Koads. Torresdale. Philadelphia 14. Pa. Golomb. Edmund. Box 95 A.R.D.. Berwick. Pa Golomb. Henry. Box 123. Plainsville. Pa. Gonseski. Alex, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Good Brothers, 325 Frederick St., Hanover, Pa Good. Elmer V.. Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Good Co., James. 2111 E. Susquehanna Ave., Philadelphia 25. Pa. Goodling. George A., Logan ville. Pa. Goodman. Earl M.. Washington Boro, R. 1. Pa. Goodwin, E. H., West Grove, R. 1, Pa. Goodwin, L. M.. American Can Co.. First National Bank Building. Baltimore 2. Md. Goodwin. P. W.. North Girard, Pa. Goughnour, W. D., Indiana, R. 4. Pa. Gradwohl. Adam. Kelly Station. Pa. Graham, Harold, Elkins Park 17, Pa. 77 — <\ w mum:^ $t I 1=1 'V A' •I Grajewski, Richard, Shickshinny, Star Route, Pa. „ , . ^ .^.x t^ Gratzer, Earl G., West End Ave., Lititz, Pa. Gray, Charles W., Jr., Davisville, Pa. Gray, Ray W., Hanover, R. 3, Pa Graybill, J. Homer, Manheim, R. 1, Pa. Graybill, J. Mervin, Mohnton, R. 2, Pa. Green, W. Howard, Kennett Square, R. 1, Pa. Greenbaum, Raymond, Allentown State Hospital, Allentown, Pa. Greenleaf, C. Martin. Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Greiner, H. S., Manheim, R. 3, Pa. Griest, Joel R., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Griest, John L., New Oxford, R. 1 Pa. Griest, Peter J., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Griffen, Howard, North East, Pa. Grim, Dr. B. H., Hampton, Pa. Grimshaw, H., N. Girard, Pa. Groff, Earl L., Strasburg, R. .1, Pa. Groff, Elias H., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Groff, Landis S., Strasburg, R. 1, Pa. Groover, Calvin S., Harrisburg, R. 1, Pa. Gross, George, Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. Gross, Israel. 130 N. 32nd St., Camp Hill, Pa. Gross, Maurice, Narvon, R. 2, Pd. Grote, A. E., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Grove, Clyde, Dillsburg, Pa. Grove, C. C, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Grove, Emory, Glen Rock, R. 1, Pa. Grove, L. B., Stewartstown, R. 2, Pa. Grove, Norman. Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Grove, Russell, Gardners, R. 2, Pa. Grove, W. E., York Springs, Pa. Grove, W. E., 120 N. 6th St., Chambersburg, Pa. Grumbine, Lee J., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Guinn, Harper J., P.O. Box 333, Narberth, Pa. Guinter, Bruce D., Milton, R. 1, Pa. Guise, John W., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Guise, Willis J., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Gunton, Kenneth, Falls, R.l, Pa. Guyton, T. L., 2310 Chestnut St., Harrisburg, Pa. Guzikowski, Mar j an. Yardley, R. 1, Pa. Gyadosh, Joseph, 1568 Shoemaker Avenue, W. Wyoming, Pa. Gyadosh, Peter, 36 Poland St., Swoyerville, Pa. Haar, Allen, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Haar, George L., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Haar, Harvey S., Menges Mills, Pa. Haase, Alfred H., Narrowsburg, R. 1, N. Y. Haas, William F., Overlook Orchards, Cop- lay, Pa. Habecker, Charles C, Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Habinyak, Nick, Central City, Pa. Hafer, George H., Yellow House, Pa. Hafer & Son, Roy, Fayetteville, R. 1, Pa. Hahn, Robert, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Hain, Ralph, New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. Haist, Matthew M., Byberry Road, Torres- dale, Philadelphia, Pa. Hake, Spurgeon, R. 4, York, Pa. Haldeman, Charles K., Croydon, R. 1, Pa. Hall Planetary Co., The, Fox St. & Abbots- ford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Hallowell, C. K., 303 Drexel Bldg., Phila- delphia 6, Pa. Hallowell, Joseph, Ivyland, Pa. Hamilton & Co. (R. J. Hamilton, Jr.) , Eph- rata. Pa. Hamme, Irvin, Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Hamme, Walter S., 468 Atlantic Ave., York, Pa. Hancock, Arthur, 26 Swetland Ave., Wyo- ming, Pa. Handwork, Wayne, Oak Park Rd., Lans- dale Pa. Hankey, D. L., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Hankey, Glenn C, York Springs, R. 2. Pa. Hankey, Kenneth L., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Hankey, Kenneth M., York Springs. R. 1. Pa. Hankinson, Kenneth, 125 King George Rd., Pennington, N. J. Hann, Jesse, Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. Hansen, L. O. & Leon, Lincoln University, Pa. Harbold, Ervin, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Harbolt, William H., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Harman, Charles S., New Freedom, R.D., Pa. Harned, John, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Harned, Raymond, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Harner, Paul, Branch Road, State College, Pa. Hamish, Clarence H., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Harnish. J. Clarence, Lampeter, Box 128, Pa. Hamish, Reuben, Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Harris, Chester, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Harris, W. T., 4644 Richmond St., Philadel- phia 37, Pa. Harrison, Howard C, Kirkwood, R. 1, Pa. Harrison, Jasper, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Harrison, T. H., Westtown School, West- town, Pa. Harrold, Paul, Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Harsh, Wilkes, Morgantown, Pa. Harter, Allen, Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Hartman, Paul B., York, R. 2, Pa. Hartman, Philip, Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Hartman, T. A., Stillwater, R. 1, Pa. Hartz, Amos, Elverson, Pa. Hartz, Ira, Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Harvey, Foster, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Hastings, Paul, Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. Hastings, W. Ray, Harrisburg, Box 675, Pa. Haug, Mrs. Frank M., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Haug, James H., 1017 Sheridan St., Williams- port, Pa. Hawkins, William J., Southampton, Pa. Hawkins, W. Leroy, Southampton, Pa. Haxton Canning Co., Inc. (S. H. Haxton), Oakfield, N. Y. Haxton Canning Co., Inc. (Gerald F. Britt), Oakfield, N. Y. Heagy, Paul, Manheim, R. 3, Pa. Heagy, William, Coatesville, R. 2, Pa. Heebner, Curtis, Worcester, Pa. Heffner, Norman K., Pine Grove, R. 2, Pa. Hefft, Sherman, Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Heinz Company, H. J. (L. D. Fero), Cham- bersburg, Pa. Heisey, David Z., Middletown, R. 1, Pa. Heisey, Howard H., Linden St., Lititz, Pa. Heisey, Laban W., Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Heisey, Leroy R., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Heisey, Mark W., Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Heistand, G. J., Jr., Bainbridge, Pa. Heller, Ira D., Mt. Joy, R. 2, Pa. Heller, Lloyd B., Narvon, R. 2, Pa. Heltibridle, G. Thurman, Westminster, R. 2, Maryland Heltzel, Humphrey, Martinsburg, R. 2, Pa, Henry, Spencer E., Red Lion, R. 2, Pa. Hepler, Ray, Pitman, Pa. Heppe, Raymond, Davisville, Pa. Herb, Ray, Orwigsburg, Pa. Herhold, J. C, Girard, Pa. Herman, Albert S., Selinsgrove. R. 1, Pa. Herold, Ray, Box 164, Wilkes-Barre R. 1, Pa- Herr, Daniel H., Peach Bottom, Pa. Herr, Frank S., Washington Boro, R. 1, "a* Herr, Glenn C, Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Herr, I. H., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. — 78 — Herr, John H., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Herr, John R.. Millersville, R. 1, Pa. Herr, Musser S., 246 Miller St., Strasburg, Pa. Herrick, Clyde W., Cambridge Springs, R. 2, Pa. Hersh, Claude E.. Menges Mills, Pa. Hersh, Henry, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Hersh, Jesse. Codorus. Pa. Hersh, Stewart, Seven Valleys, R. 1, Pa. Hershey, D. P., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Hershey, Ezra, Kirkwood, R. 1, Pa. * Hershey, Graybill, Manheim, R. 1, Pa. Hershey, J. Harry, Lititz, R. 2, Pa. Hershey, Mark C, Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Hershey, Milton L., Manheim, R. 3, Pa. Hershey, N. G., Lititz, R. 2, Pa. Hershey. Noah, Parkesburg. R.D., Pa. Hertzler, David M., Elverson. R. 2, Pa. Hess. D. Avery, Washington Boro. R. 1, Pa. Hess, Doyle F., Orangeville, R. 2, Pa. Hess, Elmer, Nescopeck, Pa. Hess, Elmer E., Nescopeck, R.D., Pa. Hess, F. M., 601 E. Main St., Waynesboro, Pa. Hess, Harry W., Benton, Pa. Hess. Henry, Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Hess, Henry R., Willow Street, R. 1, Pa. Hess, Jacob G., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Hester, Dr. J. B., Campbell Soup Co., Riv- erton, N. J. Heston, Isaiah Y., Heston Hall, Woodside, Pa. Hetrick. Cletus E., Lineboro, R. 1, Md. Hetrick, Edward J., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Heuscher, Herman G., Ivyland, Pa. Heuscher, Phillip, Ivyland, Pa. Hiestand. Paul, Marietta, R. 1, Pa. High, Levi G., Reinholds, R. 1, Pa. Hikes, E. H., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Hildebrand, C. H., Stewartstown, R. 2, Pa. Hildebrand, Elwood, New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. Hildebrant, John, Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Hileman, Beecher, Lightstreet, Columbia County, Pa. Hill, David, Plymouth, R. 1, Pa. Hill, David R., Home, R. 2, Pa. Hill, I. P., Seven Valleys, R. 1, Pa. Hillborn, Mrs. Agnes, Box 25, Woodside, Pa. Hilliard, Archie S., Sugarloaf, Pa. Hinkel, Morris, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Hinkle, John L., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Hinkle, W. O., Aspers, R. 1, Pa. Hipke & Sons, Inc., A. T. (Gilbert Hipke), New Holstein, Wis. Histand, Paul W., Doylestown, Pa. Hobaugh, Frederick, York, R. 4, Pa. Hock, Eber J., Shippensburg, R. 1, Pa. Hockman, John H., Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Hoffman, A. E., East Berlin, R. 2, Pa. Hoffman, Cline, Muncy, R. 3, Pa. Hoffman, C. P., York, R. 6, Pa. Hoffman, Michael R., Sr., Maytown, Pa. Hoffman, Roy. Mt. Joy, Pa. Hoffman, Vernon L., West Chester, Pa. Hoffmaster, John, Lancaster. R. 2. Pa. Hofheimer, Daniel. 46 N. Ashmead Place, Philadelphia, Pa. Hoguet. A. W., Jr., 312 Clearbrook Avenue, Lansdowne, Pa. SSu®* S?F®^' Spring Grove. R. 3, Pa. u?.i^' 5?,i^*°"' Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. HoiKo^HYr^^w^' Quentln, Lebanon Co.. Pa. Ho hem, Walter B., Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. l?rf.''jA?-' American Can Company, New Yo"A ^^"""^ ^^""^ ^^'^^•' ^oc^ester, ^} Hollabaugh, Charles, York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Hollinger, Noah, Goodville, Pa. Holmes Seed Co., 224 Cleveland Ave., N.W., Canton, Ohio Homan, Charles T., State College, R. 1, Pa. Homan, Earl, Pennsylvania Furance, Pa. Homan, John C, State College. Pa. Hoover, Claude E.. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Hoover, Harry O., Bareville, R. 1, Pa. Hoover, N. K., Vocational Agriculture, Chambersburg, Pa. Hoover, William, East Berlin, R. 2, Pa. Hopkins, Edward C, Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Hopkins, Harry W., Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Hopkins, Robert E., Dalton, Pa. Horner, Harry W., Mlllheim, Pa. Hostetter, Harvey M. & Harold M. Hostet- ter, Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Hostetter, Henry, Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Hostetter, H. Herman, P.O. Box 83, Sinking Spring, Pa. Houck, E. M., Bellefonte, R. 3, Pa. Houder, John, Atglen, Pa. Houser, H. F., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Houser, H. J., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Houser, J. Wilbur, Lampeter, Pa. Houser. Miles H.. Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Houtz, Edward, Centre Hall, Pa. Hovis. E. C, York, R. 6, Pa. Howard, H. C, Hummelstown, Pa. Howell, Raymond, Bloomsburg, R. 4, Pa. Huber, Carl D., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Huber, George. Ivyland, Pa. Huber, Landis L., Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Huber, Ross N.. Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Hubler, Montgomery J., Boalsburg, Pa. Huff, George, Town Hill, Pa. Huffington, Jesse M., State College, Pa. Huffnagle, H. W.. Quarryville, Pa. Hufnagel, U. A., 9 Creek Road, McKees Rocks, Pa. Hull, Fern D., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. HuUinger, Carl D., Eastern Manager, Cu- prlnol. Inc., 45 West 45th St., New York 19, N. Y. Hummel, C. E., 3112 Derry St., Harrisburg, Pa. Humphreys. Charles H., Byberry Rd., Som- erton 15, Pa. Hunsberger, William K., Norristown, R. 2, Pa. Hunt, J. O., Swedesboro, N. J. Hunter Bros. (Earle W. Hunter), 125 Dock St. through to 238 So. Front St., Philadel- phia, Pa. Hurff, Co., Edgar F., P.O. Box G, Swedes- boro, N. J. Hurst, Oliver, Washington Boro, Pa. Hutchinson, J. B., 909 Radcliffe St., Bristol, Pa. Hynicker, Irvin, Manheim, R. 2, Pa. Hutchison, J. D., Agricultural Extension As- sociation, Wllkes-Barre, Pa. Ibach. Bumell B., Lititz, R. 4, Pa. Ide, Howard, Trucksville, R. 1, Pa. Inskip. Granville L., Hampton, Pa. Interboro Garden Supply Co. (C. R. Rigby), Box 326, Prospect Park, Pa. International Harvester Co. (J. F. McCaf- frey), 1017-1033 Maclay St., Harrisburg, Pa. Ivicic, Matt, Bellefonte, Pa. Ivins, Hector C, Morrisville, Pa. Jackson, Andrew, Yardley, Pa. Jackson, John G. & Andrew J., Yardley, Pa. Jackson, R. Walker, Woodbourne, Pa. 79 .• . I V k Jacobs, Albert I., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Jacobs, Ernest E., Abbottstown. Pa. Jacob, H. R., 205 E. Lancaster Ave., Ard- more. Pa. Jacobs. Lester M., 118 Fourth St.. Hanover, Pa. Jacobs, William B.. Narvon, R. 2, Pa. Jaman, John, Bethlehem, R. 1, Pa. James, D. M., 1808 High St., Camp Hill, Pa. Jarrett, Emery, Linden, R. 1. Pa. Jehle, Ed.. Girard, Pa. Jehle, E. H., North Girard, Pa. Jenkins, Dwight, Stewartstown, Pa. Jersey Package Co., Inc. (James M. Faulk- ner) . Bank St., Bridgeton, N. J. John, Harry G., Bloomsburg, R. 3, Pa. Johnson, Mrs. Alfred H., 436 Woodland Rd., Sewickley, Pa. Johnson, Charles. Oxford, R. 1, Pa. Johnson, John, Star Route, Shickshmny, Pa. Johnson. Lewis, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Jones, Daniel D., Phoenixville, R. 1, Pa. Jones, S. D., Westminster, R. 2, Md. Jones, Wallace M., 1939 Park St., Harris- burg, Pa. ^ ^ Julius, R. E., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Junginger, A. R.. Editor, Market Growers Journal, 112 E. Cheslnut St., Louisville, Kentucky Junkins, Benton C, Mount Wolf, R. 1, York County, Pa. ^ „ „ t, Kaltreider, Mahlon, Sprmg Grove, R. 2, Pa. Kaltreider, Paul, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Kaltreider, Woodrow M., Spring Grove, R. 2 Pa Kane, Emerson W., Washington Boro. Pa. Kann, Edwin, Shippensburg, R. 1, Pa. Karper, Ezra, Shippensburg, R. 1, Pa. Karsok, Albert J., Zion Grove, R. 1, Pa. Kauffman, Carl W., Drums, Pa. „ , „ Kauffman, John A., Sr., Columbia, R. 1, Pa. Kauffman, John G., Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Kauffman, Ralph M., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Kayser, Jacob, Gettysburg, R. 5, Pa. Keating, Miss Elizabeth, Wawa, Delaware County, Pa. ^ _ Keck, Harold M., Bethlehem, R. 4, Pa. Keck, Minnie M., Bethlehem, R. 4, Pa. Keebler's Feed & Farm Supplies. Montours- ville. Pa. Keefer, Guy L., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Keefer, Lloyd L., York Springs. R. 2, Pa. Keener, Clayton A., York, R. 6, Pa. Keeney, Mark E., York, R. 2, Pa. Keener, Ralph E., Gladfelter Station, Pa. Keener, Roy, Elizabethtown, R. 3, Pa. Keiser, Allen L., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Keiser, John P., Gettysburg, R. 5, Pa. Keiser, J. R.. Field Superintendent. Chef Boy-Ar-Dee Quality Foods, Inc., Milton, Pa. Keller, A. Rohrer, Lititz, R. 2, Pa. Keller, C. C, 622 N. Fourth St.. Sunbury. Pa. Kellett, Harold J., Long Pond, Monroe County, Pa. Kelly. Ira L., Indiana, R. 3, Pa. Kemper, WiUiam, Littlestown, R. 2, Pa. Kendall, John, North E:ast, Pa. Kendig, Benjamin, Willow Street, R. 1. Pa. Kendig, Chester, Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Kendig, Clinton B., Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Kendig. Irvin, Littlestown, R. 2, Pa. Kenid. John, Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Kennel, A. M., Honey Brook Manor Farm, Honey Brook, Pa. Kerstenn, Herman, Benton, R. 1, Pa. Kerstetter, Lewis, Belief onte, R. 2, Pa. Kerstetter, Paul, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Kessler, Charles E., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Kessler, George A., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Kessler, Jesse, York, R. 6, Pa. Kessler, Ralph D., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Kettering, Lester H., Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Kimble, John W., Box 12, Nottingham, Pa. Kimble, Leroy, Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Kincaid, S. C, Blawnox, Pa. Kindig, Irvin R., Littlestown, R. 2, Pa. King, Charles W., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. King, Emery D., Malvern, R. 2, Pa. King, Harold and Donald, York Springs, R. 1 Pa. King, Karl C, King Farms Company, Mor- risville Pa. King, Paul E., Bellefonte, R. 1, Pa. Kirby, R. S., Buckhout Laboratory, State Collese Pa Kirby, John, 255 E. Union St., Bethlehem, Pa. Kircher, G. H., c/o Christ's Home, Warmins- ster (Bucks County), Pa. Kirk, Amos K., Newtown, Pa. Kirk, Leslie F., Newtown, Pa. Kissinger, H. S., Homer City, Pa. Kistler, Fred, Bloomsburg, R. 2, Pa. Kitchen, Ed., 51 Madison Ave., New York City, N. Y. Kitten. Harry B., Ivy land. Pa. Klapp, Mrs. Wilbur P., Jr., Box J, Paoli, Pa. Klenk, Howard H., Southampton, Bucks County, Pa. Klenz, W. M., North East, Pa. Klimkowski, Joseph, Ashton Rd., Holmes- burg, Pa. (36) ^ „ , « Kline, Clarence, Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Kline, H. J., Kintnersville, Pa. Kline, Ida, Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. KUne, N. A., New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. Kline, Samuel E., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Kline. S. Lloyd, East Texas, Pa. Klock Gardens, Easton, R. 2, Pa. Klunk, Joseph C, Hanover, R. 4, Pa. Knauss, Joseph A., 550 Anderson Rd.. Pitts- burgh 15, Pa. ^ . ^ Knippel, Walter E., Keystone Canning Com- pany, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa. Knode, J. H.. Agricultural Extension Assn., Chambersburg, Pa. Knupp. Harvey, Jr., Oil Research Labora- tory, Hamilton Watch Co., Lancaster. Pa Kobel, Nick, Comly Rd., Torresdale. Phila- delphia 14. Pa. Kohler, Albert, Felton, Pa. Koller, Charles O., New Freedom Pa. Koller, William H., Koller Fertilizer Com- pany, Room 50, Hartman Bldg., York, Pa. Koller, William H., 145 Irving Rd., York. Pa. Konkle & Son. George A., Montoursvillc, Koontz, Harry J., 405 E. King St.. Littles- town, Pa. . ^ t ^ r>^ Koser, Clarence A., Bellevlew Canning U)., Carlisle. R. 4. Pa. ^ , w » i Kostenbader, Jacob H., New Columbia, R. i. Pa Koster, A. E., 728 Lynn, Moscow, Idaho. Kozenchak Bros., Dallas, R. D., Pa. Kraft, Ira, Spring Grove. R. 3. Pa. Krakayskas, Joseph, Box 208, Clarks Sum- mit, Pa. „ « « Krall, Warren A., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Kramlick, George J., Dover, R. 2, Pa. Kreider, Abram S., Mt. Joy, R. 2, Pa. Krelder, J. Lloyd, Strasburg, R. 1, Pa. Kreidler. E. H., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Kreiger, Stanley, Drums, Pa. Krelner, Herman G., Elizabethtown. Pa. Krenzer. Charles, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Kresge. Ralph D., Falls, Pa. — 80 — Krleger & Naunczek, Drums, Pa. Krout, Daniel M., Glen Rock, R. 2, Pa. Krout, John, Bellefonte, R. 3, Pa. Krumrine, Bruce, Pleasant Gap, Pa. Kulp, C. Rudolph, P.O. Box 122, R. 1, Potts- town, Pa. Kunkel, George E., Orwigsburg, R. 1, Pa. Kurtz, Isaac H., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Kurtz, Omar A., Oley, R. 1, Pa. Ladd, M. S., Waverly, Pa. Lahr, John H., Sunbury, R. 3, Pa. Lahr, Truman E., Sunbury, R. 3, Pa. Lamantia, John, Clymer, R. 2, Pa. Lamoreux, George. Dallas. R. 2. Pa. Lancaster County National Bank, c/o A. G. Bucher, Mgr., Farm Relations, Lancaster, Pa. Landis, A. Roy, Mohnton, R. 2, Pa. Landis, Ellas N., Harleysville, Pa. Landis, Elvin M., Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Landis, Mrs. Frank E., Hamburg, R. 1, Pa. Landis, Harry, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Landis, James R., Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Landis, Phares B., Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Landreth, Charles H., Bristol, Pa. Landsldel, C. W„ Dalton, R. 2, Pa. Laning, E. Roland, 1109 Morgan Ave., Pal- myra, N. J. Lapp. John K., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Lapp, John S., Ronks, R. 1, Pa. Lapp, Moses, Gap, R. 1, Pa. Lapp, Norman, New Britain, Pa. Lapp, Samuel, Jr., Gap, R. 1, Pa. Larson, Leo, North East, Pa. Larson, R. E., Hort. Bldg., State College, Pa. Laskowski, Allan L., Carsonville Farms. Halifax, R. 2, Pa. Lau. Norman, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Lau, Paul, Seven Valleys, Pa. Lau, R. M., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Lauchman, Harry A., East Berlin, R. 2. Pa. Lauer, Kurv W., Dept. of Agriculture, Har- risburg. Pa. Laughman, Milton, Hanover, R. 1, Pa. Lay, George B., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Leaman, Daniel, Leacock, Pa. Lease, Daniel B., East Berlin, R. 3, Pa. Leber. Milton, Glen Rock, R. 1, Pa. Lecrone, John A., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Leer. Raymond, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Leese. H. C, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Lehigh. Samuel M., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Lehman. Guy, Fayetteville, R. 1, Pa. Lehman, Paul. York Springs, Pa. Lehman. Ralph E., York, R. 2. Pa. Lehman. Stewart, Dlllsburg, R. 1, Pa. Lehman. Wayne, Dillsburg. R. 1, Pa. Leiby, Daniel F., Tamaqua, Pa. Leiphart, Harry T., Hallem. R. 1, Pa. Lemmon. Walter. East Berlin. R. 2, Pa. Lemons, Harry, 252 Sterner Ave., Blooms- burg, Pa. Lemons, Wiley, Oxford, R. 1, Pa. Lengel, Paul H., Pine Grove, Pa. Lenox, Daniel L., Washington Boro, R. 1. Pa. Lentz, Erney, York, R. 6. Pa. Leo, Orlando, Monongahela, R. 1, Pa. Lerew. Frank L., York Springs. R. 1. Pa. Lerew. Paul B., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Lerew, Samuel A., New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. /« ®y;^y®^s Mfg. Co.. Commerce St., (Box 246), Hanover, Pa. Lesher, H. v., Northumberland, R. 1, Pa. Lewis, Edward W., 1200 Almond St., Wll- liamsport. Pa. Lewis, Harold, Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. VtZW ^' '^••,?°/^- ^1^«- State College, Pa. burg p"^^" ^- 132 W. 13th St., H^rrls- Llbby, McNeill & Libby, General Labora- l?^^^' A^^' Research Dept., Blue Island, Illinois Llehty, William M. and Walter B. Gantz, Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Lightner, William, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Lindner, Frank J., Ringtown, Pa. Lminger, Fred, State College, Pa. Liszewski, Henry, Rogers Rd., R. 2, Bristol, i^a. Little, John R., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Little, John R., Jr., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Littlestown Canning Co. (Melvin B. Weh- ler), Littlestown, Pa. Livingston, A. E., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Livingston, Donald, Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Livingston, Ottis, Abbottstown. R. 1, Pa. Lloyd, Ernest S., Pottstown, R.D., Pa Lobach, Edwin L., Danville, R. 3, Pa. Lobach, Warren W., Danville, R. 2, Pa. Lobaugh, Adam F., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Lober, John C, King of Prussia Rd. Radnor, Pa. Lockner, Harvey, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Logan, Robert R., Eddlngton, Pa. Lohoskl, Felix, Shickshlnny, R. 1, Pa. Lojeskl, Julius, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Lojeski, Walter, Hatboro, Pa. Loller, Roy, Johnsviile, Pa. Long, Carl H., Spring Mills, Pa. Long Charles I., Royersford, R. 1, Pa. Long, J. C, 340 E. Liberty St., Lancaster, Pa. Long, Victor, Shickshlnny, R. 2, Pa. L(mgnecker, Howard, Elizabethtown, R. l. Pa. Longnecker, J. S., Elizabethtown. R. 1. Pa. Longnecker, P. B., Elizabethtown, R. 1. Pa. Lord, John, Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Lord, Wheeler, Jr., P.O. Box 92, Flourtown, Pa. Lord-Mott Co. (E. Mills) , Urbana, Va. Lory, L. E., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Lott, R. C, Bear Mountain Orchards, As- pers, R. 1, Pa. Lott, William M., Gardners. R. 1, Pa. Lovett, H. L., Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Lovett, William, Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Lowery, Sherlock, Bellefonte. R. 2. Pa. Lucas, Edward, Shickshlnny, R. 3, Pa. Lucas, R. W.. Bellefonte, R. 2. Pa. Luckenbaugh. Harry. Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Luckenbaugh, John W., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Luckenbaugh. Lester. Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Luckenbill, Elwood G., Allenwood, R. 1. Pa. Luff, Clyde M., and Llnford G. Luff, New- town, Pa. Lute, H. S., Barnsboro, R. 2, Box 46, Pa. Lutz. Henry E.. Mt. Joy. R. 1. Pa. Lynch. Elwood E.. Frankford. Delaware McAllister, Mrs. J. Howard, Box 137, Paoli, Pa. McCauslin, Theodore R., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. McClellan, Latta E., Cochranville, R. 2, Pa, McClintock, Mrs. A. R., Greensburg, R. 2, Pa. McCloskey, Glenn, Stone Boro. R. 1, Pa. McComb. Pfc. G. L., 1307th SCU PW Camp, Tobyhanna Military Reservation, Toby- hanna. Pa. McCoury, D. E., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. McCowin, Willie, Marietta, Pa. McCue, Harold, Avondale, Pa. McDougall, R. H., Agricultural Extension Association, Butler, Pa. ' McDuffee, Mary, Sayre, R. 2, Pa. McEvoy, Dr. William J., E. State St., Doyles- town. Pa. 4i| ■ 'I < ."(• '!.a it I — 81 — .1! Si i • ^- McEwen, R. K., R. 9. Box 99. Pittsburgh 16. McGravey. John Pittston R. 1^ Pa. M?^Srien'*°Je^riJl"S..'^"mbridge springs. Mc Jujhlin, Kenneth. Shippensburg. R. 2. MrMillan Bros. La Conner. Wash McMillan, Charles. PittstonR.l. Pa. SJ^eS"BerMlrsrifcYn^nS'g Co . OsKa- loosa, Iowa ^ «,.o t? i Pa McNew. George. Gardners R^ l^Pa. ^Ssrrc Whe^^^^^^^^^^ Bridge- McPhers^on. Hugh. Bridgeton Pa^ McWilliams. H C.. Ebensburg. Pa. Mark W B.. State College, fa. Macke^ Raymond S . West Grove^R. l^Pa. ^J^^ %l ?d^^i?5'w:; 3«^School House'Lane. Germantown. Pa. Madison. F. K.. Spring Grove. R 1. Pa. Mains. Norman NewvillcR.l.Pa^ Malin. George G.. Malvern. R. 2. Pa. Mammoth Spring Cannmg Co.. Sussex, wis Mann^'lra C. Mt. Joy. R. 1. Pa. ulnn, Paul. Washington Bo^9^^,-^l'c^t?eets Mannk Seed Co., J.. Forrest & Ensor Streets. Mfnire.loy. P^trlcK Fans H. i. Pa. KIJ: R^E'^Y^ork^R'i OrV^aVy Farm. MarWe. Charles W York R 6 Pa. Markle. David H.. York. R. 6, pa. Markle Jacob H., Seven Valleys. R. 1. Pa. Markle. John W . York R 6. Pa Marlowe. Mrs. A. L.. Media. R. 3. Box a (A. Marshall Canning Co. (Luke Bakka) . Cam- Marlhlu Canning Co. (Peter Cordt). Wav- MfrlLuTlnning Co. (V. S. Filbert). Mar- MiXTcVninI CO. (Fred Harding) . Mar- MlrlhaT&nS Co. (F. S. Harrington). MarshaUCaiTning Co. (Joe Schinko) . McAl- Ml^rshJlfclnning Co. (A. M. Sels). Pella. Mi^stfall Canning Co. (C. E. McFadden), MSau'Sanntag'co. (Ben McNeil) , Oska- ML°rshan°*anning Co. (G. I. Peterson), Grundy Center, Iowa „. , ox Marshall Canning Co. (C. V. Pickard). Hampton. Iowa _, , , j \ Marshall Canning Co. (George Thornblade) Mar^shall.' William J.. Jr., Lionville, Chester County, Pa. •Di^^^^\ Marshfield Canning Co. (M. H. Binzel), Marshfield, Wisconsin Martin. Carpenter W.. Bird-in-Hand. R. l. Pa Martin, Clayton M., East Earl. R. 1. Pa. Martin, Earl W., Hanover. R. 1, Pa. Martin, Eli W., New Holland. R. 1. Pa. Martin Elwood, Spring Grove. R. 3. Pa. MtrtS; Mi^ E. Owen, 139 Bethlehem Pike. Philadelphia 18. Pa. « t? ^ r»^ Martin, Hershey L., Sprmg Grove, R 3, Pa. Martin, Jacob N.. Lancaster. R. 2. Pa. Martin. J. Wilbur. Lancaster. R. 2. Pa. Martin. Lester C. East Earl. R. 1. Pa. Martin. Paul F . Hanover. R. 2, Pa Martin. Ralph S , I-ancaster R. 3, Pa. Martin. Stanford. ThomasyiUe. R. D., Pa. Martin. W. H., Menges Mills Pa. Martin W. S., Thomasville, R. 1. Pa. Mlrtinelli. Matthew. 180 Parsonage Street. Pittston. Pa. ...... -d o r»o Martz J Dewey. Shickshinny. R. 2, Pa. Mlrtz! Homer H KDKA. Westmghou^^^ Radio Station, 1"^., Pittsburgh 19, Pa Marvil Package Co., P. O. Box 111, Laurel, M?sem'^?e.%ohn. Freeland Maryland Masemer, Maurice H., Hanover R. 2 Pa^ Masemer. Mervin. York Springs R.l. Pa Masland. Mrs. Virginia S-' Carlisle R 6 Pa Mason. William Clarke. 123 S. Broaa btreei, Philadelphia 9. Pa. John Masser. Pitman. Pa. Mast. C. Z.. Elverson, R. 2. Pa. Mast Samuel K.. Boyertown R. 2, Pa. Masters. Charles Sweet Valley. R. 1 . Pa. Mattie. Andrew J.. Wyoming. R. 3. Pa. Maurer. Murray N.. W infield R.l. Pa. Maxheimer. Dan.. Perkasie. R- 3. Pa. Maver L. W.. Lancaster, R. 4. Pa. Sll^vi^w State Hospital MayviewPa^ Mead. Earlis R.. Louisburg, R. 2 Kansas Meckley. D. F.. Hanover R. 3. Pa. Meckley. Paul A., Spring Grove. R 2 P^ Meirs Mrs. Richard Wain, 79 t.. tseiis miu Road Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa. Melhorn. John. Mt. Joy. P^. Melhorn. J. E.. Mt. Joy. «• 1- p^' , p_ Mende. A. H.. & Son. Croydon. R. 1. Pa. Menges. William. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Mpnele C E., Sunbury. R. 1. Pa. M^nfzer, Edwin. Martinsburg. R. 2 Pa Menusan. Henry. Jr.. 204 Ag. Ed. Buiiaing, Mfr?lckTrbeneral Chemical Company, ^'fz S mh St.. PhUadelphia. Pa^ Merwarth. R. Bernard. Easton.R 2. i-a. ^sSlSl: «-S^rerv^aW, VI MMsersmith. Russell J.. Spring Grove. R. 1. Mey4r, C. L., 3668 Celina Place. Corliss Sta.. Mfc'l^^'l^a'i^syickshinny. R^ 1. Pa. rkSh«nSy: ?i«it^n. H. 3. Pa- Mikolaichik, Ed.. Dallas. R. 3, Pa. Mikolaichik. Joe. Pittston. R. 1. Pa. Millard. H.E..Annville. Pa. Miller. Allen A.. Hallam R. 1. Pa. Miller, ainton. Brodbecks. R. L Pa. SJillfr: gha^rlefrS^.r2S^^Br^oaL^a^y . Hanover. Milfer, Charles W.. 1228 Sherman St.. Wil- MiUe'^.^ciair G^.', Spring Grove, R. 2. Pa. Miller. Claude. Sugarloaf. Pa Miller, Curvin J.. Brodbecks. R. L Pa. Kf; D^ W^; io^^lI^T.'trnal Winchester MilleV^ Earl A.. Seven Valleys Pa. Miller. Edward. Quarryville, Pa. — 82 — Miller, Emory S., Spring Grove. R. 1, Pa. Miller! Dr. Fred D., 1122 Twelfth Avenue, Altoona. Pa. Miller. G. E., York Springs. R. 2, Pa. Miller. George R.. Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Miller. Herbert. Richfield. Pa. Miller. H. W., York, R. 3, Pa. Miller, Joseph, Clarks Summit. R. 2, Pa. Miller Marvin. Clarks Summit, R. 1, Pa. Miller. Max, Hublersburg. Pa. Miller, Melvin R., Dalton, Pa. Miller, Mervin. Bainbridge. R. 1, Pa. Miller, Paul. Bainbridge. R. 1. Pa. Miller, Paul H.. Spring Grove. R. 2. Pa. Miller Paul M.. Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Miller. Ralph, New Freedom, R. 1. Pa. Miller, Raymond. Glen Rock. Pa. Miller. Raymond N.. Lancaster, R. 1. Pa. Miller. Ross B.. York, R. 3. Pa. Miller. Russel, Falls. R. 1, Pa. Miller. S. R.. Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Miller Walter. Williamstown, N. Y. Miller. Wilbur. New Freedom, R. 1, Pa Milner. William H., Jr., Bath Road, Bristol. Pa Minriich. R. S., York. R. 6, Pa. Mitchell. A. H.. Madison. Ohio Mitesser. John U., Jr., R. 8, Pittsburgh, 15, Pa Mitman. Herbert A.. 1540 Northway Road, Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Moffett Company, S. A. (S. A. Moffett) , 5138 Arcade Building, Seattle 1, Washington Molison, Glenn. Hanover. R. 3, Pa. Moll. Frank. Chalfont. R. 1. Pa. Montell. E. W.. Riverton, N. J. Morris. Albert, Sweet Valley. R. 1. Pa. Morris, Miss Mary W., 2129 St. James Place. Philadelphia 3. Pa. „ ^ „ Morris. Reynold. Sweet Valley. R. D.. Pa. Morris. Mrs. William Paul. "Hawthorne. Berwyn, Pa. „, , ^ Morristown Canning Co. (Garnett Fleming) Morristown, Ind. Morton, M. C. Central Chemical Corpora- tion. Hagerstown, Md. Mosebrook. James. Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Moser. George. Ringtown. Pa. Moser, R. L., Ringtown, Pa. Moul, Carl E.. York. R. 6. Pa. Moyer, Earl H.. Alburtis, R. 1. Pa. Moyer. Edwin H. & Edwin O. S.. Box 182, Center Valley. Pa. « « .,, Mummert. Glenn W.. East Berlin. R. 3, Pa. Mummert. Leroy J., Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Mummert, Nelson. Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Mummert. S. L.. Glen Rock, R. D., Pa. Mundis, T. R., Stewartstown, R. 2. Pa. Mundry. John, 292 Logan St.. Doylestown, Pa. Murphy. John. Riegelsville. Pa. Murren, Francis J.. Hanover, R. 4, Pa. Musselman Company, The C. H., Biglervllle, Pa. Musser, A. K.. Columbia. R. 2. Pa. Musser, Charlotte R., Bellefonte, R. 2. Pa. Musser, Elias Z.. Mount Joy, R. 1. Pa. Musser. Elmer S.. Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Musser, Harry, Mt. Joy. R. 2, Pa. Musser, Harvey, Chambersburg. R. 1, Pa. Musser. J. Foster. State College, R. 1, Pa. Myer. Aldus N., Lititz, R. 3, Pa. Myer, S. M., Lititz. R. 3. Pa. Myers. Albert, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Myers. Allen E.. Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Myers. Amos, Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Myers. Clarence. Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Myers. C. E., State College, Pa. Myers, Allen M., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Myers. Enos, Quarryville. Pa. Myers. Ernest A.. Spring Grove. R. 1, Pa. Myers. Ernest R., Gettysburg, R. 5. Pa. Myers. Gerald E., East Berlin, R. 1, Pa. Myers, Guy, Seven Valleys, Pa. Myers, Harry S., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Myers. Irvin, Hanover. R. 2. Pa, Myers. Luther S.. New Oxford. R. 1, Pa. Myers, Ralph N.. Hanover. R. 2, Pa. Myers, T. A., Gettysburg, R. 5. Pa. Myers. Wilfort. Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Myers, William A.. York. R. 1. Pa. Mylin. Clyde K.. Willow Street. R. 1. Pa. Nace. Aaron. Hanover. R. 3. Pa. Nace. John A.. Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Nace, Oscar F.. Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Nace, R. G.. Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Nace, Valentine. Hanover. R. 2. Pa. National Canners Assn. (Dr. C. G. Wood- bury). 1739 H St.. N.W., Washington. D.C. National Lime Association. 927 15th Street, N.W., Washington 5. D.C. Neff. Harry K.. Lancaster. R. 4, Pa. Neff, John O.. Lampeter. Pa. Neff. J. Ralph. Oak Hall Station. Pa. Neill. H. E., Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Nejako. Frank. Star Route. Shickshinny. Pa. Nesbitt. Charles M.. 606 Bendermere Ave., Interlaken. Asbury Park. N. J. Nester. Lyman. Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Nevill, James S.. Loyalsock Ave.. Montours- ville. Pa. „ ^ X New. John. Jr. (Starkey Farms Company), Pocono. Pa. , ^ Newbold. J. Russell. Langhorne, Pa. Newcomer. Paul. Mt. Joy. R. 1. Pa. Newcomer, Paul K., Spring Grove. R. 3. Pa. Newcomer, Paul R., Mount Joy, Pa. Newhall, Mrs. D. A., Old Gulph Rd.. Nar- berth. Pa. « o -d Newswanger, David S.. Narvon. R. f. Pa. Niagara County Preserving Corp. (J. W. Stone) . Wilson. N. Y. Nicodemus. V. Ross. Martinsburg. Pa. Niner, David E., P. O. Box 244. Sewickley, Pa. Nissley, J. B., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Nissley, W. B.. State College. Pa. Nitchman, Firman. Dillsburg. R. 1, Pa. Noll, Grant H., Lancaster, R. 1, Pa. Nolt. Eli O.. New Holland. R. 1, Pa. Nolt. Phares S.. Lebanon. R. 1, Pa. Northriip, Wellington C. Dalton, R. 2, Pa. Null. C. A., Hanover. R. 1. Pa. Null. C. F., New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Oaks. George. Drums, R. D., Pa. Oaks, I. J.. 518 Raymond St.. Highville. Pa. Ober. M. B.. Lititz. R. 3. Pa. Oberholtzer, C. S., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Oconomowoc Canning Co. (Anthony Del- wiche). Paynette. Wisconsin Oconomowoc Canning Co. (Leo Weix), Oc- onomowoc. Wisconsin ^^ ^ ^ i Odland. Martin L.. Hort. Bldg.. State Col- lege. Pa. OHearn. Leo J., Dalton. Pa. ,„ ^ _ ^ Oliveri. James. 750 Slocum St.. West Exeter. Pa Olne'y & Carpenter. Inc. (W. B. Olney), Wolcott, N. Y. _, ^ ^^, ^ O'Malia, Martin, Box 16, Plainsville. Pa. O'Neill, Mrs. W. Charles, Huntingdon Val- ley, Montgomery County, Pa. Onley Canning Company. W. T. (W. T. On- ley). Snow Hill, Maryland Oostburg Canning Company (Ellsworth Van Driest) . Oostburg, Wisconsin — 83 — » t ;• .• » ' 'I I 4 « I Ore Hill Orchards (Charles L. Packard), R. D. 124M, Roaring Spring, Pa. Orient, Louis, Bridgeville, Pa. Orr, Boyd, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Orton, H. S., North East, Pa. Orton, M. F., North East, Pa. Orwig, David, New Freedom, R. 2, Pa. Osseo Canning Co., Osseo, Wisconsin Osthoff, Oscar W., Bridgeville, R. 2, Pa. Overdorff, Charles, Indiana, R. 4, Pa. Overdorff, Paul R., Brush Valley, Pa. Overdorff, Virgil, Indiana, R. 4, Pa. Page and Son, Merle, North East, Pa. Paschke, D. C, North East, Pa. Patton, Rufus F., Harrisburg State Hospi- tal, Harrisburg, Pa. Patton, Thomas H., 209 Agric. Bldg., State College, Pa. Payne, James, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Pearson, L. J., Hidden Valley Farm, New- town, Pa. Pedano, Anthony, 104 N. Woodland Avenue, Aldon, Delaware County, Pa. Peeling. W. E., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Penn Valley Packing Co. (Fred Nardini), Tamaqua, Pa. Pennsylvania Industrial School, Hunting- don, Pa. Pentz, John R., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Pepper, Mrs. Franklin, Orefield St.. Phila- delphia 18, Pa. Pepper, Mrs. G. W., Devon, Pa. Pepper. J. O., State College, Pa. Perkowski, Walter, Benton, R. 1, Pa. Perry, Joseph, Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Peters, Wayne, Manheim, R. 2, Pa. Pew, Mrs. John G., P.O. Box 23, Moylan. Pa. Pf abler, Clarence, Honey Brook, R. 1, Pa. Pfahler, Frank J., Catawissa, Pa. Pfahler, William, Catawissa, Pa. Phanco, Lee, 66 East St., North East. Pa. Phelps, Mrs. E. C, 2 Rydal Rd., Jenkintown, Pa. Philp, Kenneth S., 682 Morrison Dr.. Pitts- burgh 16, Pa. Phillips, J. Richard, Jr., & Sons, Berlin, Md. Phillips Packing Co., Inc. (Charles Fuller, Director), Department of Agriculture, Cambridge, Md. Piatt, George, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Pick, Charles W., Dalton, Pa. Pierce Frank, North East, Pa. Piper, Z. A., Dry Run. Pa. Pitcher, B. L., Beechnut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. Pitzer, N. E., New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Pitzonka, Walter W., Pitzonka's Pansy Farm. Box 211, Bristol, Pa. Podehl. J. M., Box 115, Plainsville, Pa. Poetker, W. A., Landon St., Lititz, Pa. Pollock. G. B., Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Pollock, Walter. Holtwood, R. 2, Pa. Polowchak, Mike. Berwick, R. 2, Pa. Poorbaugh, H. J., Agricultural Extension Assn.. Pottsville. Pa. Poorbaugh, Ray A., Quakertown, Pa. Portland Packing Co., Albion, Maine Portland Packing Co., Canton, Maine Portland Packing Co., Leeds Center, Maine Portland Packing Co., Newport, Maine Portland Packing Co., Norway, Maine Portland Packing Co., Oakland, Maine Portland Packing Co., Portland, Maine Portland Packing Co., Unity, Maine Portland Packing Co., West Minot, Maine Portland Packing Co., Winthrop, Maine Potter, Lawrence, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Powell, E. L., Jr., Omega Plant Farms, Inc. Omega, Ga. ' Powell, Frank, Bellefonte, Pa. Powell, Mrs. Humbert Barton, Willowdale Farm, Devon, Pa. Powell, Lawrence, Tyburn Rd., Morrisville Pa. Poyner, Ernest R., 4117 Kathland Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Prall, Elmer E., New Freedom, Pa. Prebola, Andrew, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Pressler, C. D., Woodward, Pa. Preston, Sam D., 448 W. Leicester St. Win- chester, Va. Price, Louis, 94 S. Landon St., Kingston, Pa. Price, Sterl, Millheim, Pa. Price, Victor, 432 Northampton St., Kings- ton, Pa. Price & Son, William J., 1405i Wyoming Ave., Forty Fort, Pa. Prock, Harry A., Camp Hill Road, White- marsh, Pa. Producers Co-op. Exchange, P. O. Box 168, Coatesville, Pa. Prosser, E. C, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Prutzman. C. R., Trucksville, R. 1, Pa. Puglia Bros.. Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Quinn, T. D., North Girard, R. 1, Pa. Rahn, Robert M., Geigertown, Pa. Ranck, Howard G., Danville, R. 2, Pa. Ranck, Wenger, Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rapp, David B., Easton, R. 3, Pa. Rarig, John W., Elysburg, R. 1, Pa. Reath, Mrs. Thomas, Haws Lane, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia 18, Pa. Rebennack, John, Dallas. R. 2, Pa. Reber, Mrs. Vena R., New Oxford, R. 1, Pa. Reed, Frank, 85 Fairview Ave., Morrisville, Pa. Reed, Guy S., Summit Station, R. 1, Pa. Reeder, Joseph T., Catawissa, R. 2, Pa. Reese, C. G., 1158 Broadway, Hanover, Pa. Reever, Clarence, Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. Reich, John D., Bellefonte, R. 1, Pa. Reichard, Eben B., Fredonia, Pa. Reid, Murdoch & Co. (M. S. Canaday), P.O. Box 888, Rochester, Minn. Reigle, R. M., 366 Philadelphia Ave., Cham- bersburg. Pa. Reinecker, C. D., York Springs. R. 2. Pa. Reinhart Brothers, Wild Hyacinth Farms, Norristown, R. 4, Pa. Reininger Farms, D. J., Stony Creek Mills, Pa. Reisler, Malcolm P., Oxford, R. 3, Pa. Renold, Charles H., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Renoll, Robert. Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Resser, R. W., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rex, E. G., Rutgers Alumni House, New Brunswick, N. J. Rexrode, D. L.. York, R. 4. Pa. Reynolds.A.Brinton, West Chester, R.4, Pa. Reynolds, M. Cloud, Kennett Square, R. 1. Pa. Rhoads, S. B., Selinsgrove, Pa. Rhone, William E., Allenwood, R. 1, Pa. Rick, John. West Leesport, Pa. Ridall, William, Town Hill, Pa. Rife, Vernon, New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Rinehart, Lewis E., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Rinehart. L. M., Brodbecks, R. 1. Pa. Rinehart, Maurice, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Rinehart, Paul, Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Rinehart, William G., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Rinker, Dave, East Berlin, R. 2, Pa. Ripley, W. N., Harbor Creek, R. 1, Pa. Ripple, Fred M., 93 Cedar St., Mt. Union, Pa. Rishel, Edward E., York, R. 4, Pa. — 84 — Risser, Jacob W., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. Ritter, Ernest E., Winfield, R. 1, Pa. Rivinus, Mrs. E. F., 416 West Moreland Ave., Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa. Roberts, Byron T., Marlton, N. J. Robinson, Mrs. A. B., North East, Pa. Robinson, Donald R., Sr., Altoona, R. 1, Box 111, Pa. Rockview, Western Penitentiary (Library) , Bellefonte, Pa. Rodale, J. I., Editor, Organic Gardening, Emmaus, Pa. Rodes. Arthur B., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Roemhild, Albert C, 122 Dock St., Philadel- phia, Pa. Roever, W. E., W. Atlee Burpee Co. Ford- hook Farms, Doylestown, Pa. Rogers, Gerald, Bellefonte, Pa. Rohrbach. A. C, Catawissa, R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh, Aaron D., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Rohrbaugh, C. B., Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh, C!urvin L., Brodbecks, R. 1. Pa. Rohrbaugh, D. A., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rohrbaugh. Earl. Spring Grove. R. 2. Pa. Rohrbaugh, Edward, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh, J. A., Spring Grove, R. 3. Pa. Rohrbaugh, Samuel S., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Rohrer, B. Frank. Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Rohrer, Jacob H.. Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rohrer, Jacob N., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rohrer, P. L., Smoketown, Pa. Rood, Carl, Sweet Valley, R. 1, Pa. Rosbough, A. H., Engle Rd., Berea. Ohio Rosenberger, Henry G., Chalfont, R. 1. Pa. Ross. B. C, Lewisburg, R. 2, Pa. Ross, P. A., 140 W. Corydon St., Bradford. Pa. Rosotti, Charles C, Executive V. President, Rossotti Lithographing Co., 8511 Tonelle Avenue. North Bergen, N. J. Roth, John A., Jr., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Rothsville High School, Rothsville, Pa. Rowe, D. G., Boonsboro, R. 2, Md. Howe. Edgar W., Selinsgrove, R. 1. Pa. Rowe. Paul, 206 Miller St., R. 1, Strasburg, Pa. Royer. E. R.. Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Rubincam, I. N., Jamison. Pa. Ruby. John, Menges Mills, Pa. Ruck, George, Huntingdon Valley, Pa. Rudisill, Ralph, Spring Grove. R. 3, Pa. Rudisill, Worley F., 1634 W. Market Street, York, Pa. Rudisill, W. S., Spring Grove. R. 1. Pa. Rudolph. Joseph R., West Chester, Box 12, Pa. Ruhls Plant Farm, Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Rulland. J. A., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Runk, George A., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Runkel, Claude E.. c/o Arthur Fasnacht. Lebanon. R. 5, Pa. Runkle. Archie, Red Lion, R. 1, Pa. Kunkle, Franklin, Gregg Twp., R. D., Spring Mills. Pa. Runninger. Ralph E., 71 S. Pearl St., Lan- caster. Pa. Runyan, Fuller S., 425 Walnut St., Milton, Pa. Rupp. L. J., York Springs, R. 1. Pa. Ruppert, John L., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rutecki, William, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Ruth, John F., Stouchburg, Pa. Ruth. William A., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Ryan, William H., York, R. 1, Pa. Ryman, Ross. Bloomsburg, R. 3, Pa. Sa^atme, Mike, 420 Washington St., Bristol. Sampsel, Harold, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Sanders, Guy S., Gettysburg, R. 5, Pa. Sanders, Wilbur, Millers, Md. Sanger. Paul E., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Sansoni. Romano, Hatboro, Pa. Sapitowicz, John J., 279 Plains Rd.. Milford, Conn. Sarandrea, Joseph, Hulmeville Rd., Croy- don, R. 1, Pa. Sauder, Amos H., Ephrata, R. 2, Pa. Sauders, Willis W., Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Saulsbury Bros., Inc. (O. Saulsbury), Ridge- ly, Md. Saylor, Samuel, Hellertown, R. 1, Pa. Schaefer. George E., York, R. 5, Pa. Schantz, Louis, Orefield, R. 1, Pa. Schapansky, H. D., Cochranville, R. 1, Pa. Schell, Inc., Walter S., 10th & Market Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Schlegel, Paul N., Boyertown, R. 2, Pa. Schmidt, Charles M., Virginia-Carolina Fertilizer Co., Carteret, N. J. Schmidt, Dietrick, Muncy, R. 3, Pa. Schmitt, R. P., Dunsville, Va. Schock, Isiah. Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Schock, John M., Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Schoomaker, James, Red Lion, R. 1, Pa. Schrope, John, Hegins, Pa. Schultz. A. A., Box 232. Reading. Pa. Schultz. John, North East, Pa. Schultz, Joseph R., Bloomsburg, R. 1, Pa. Schultz. Roy, Willow Street, R. 1, Pa. Schuman, Ralph D., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Schwartz, John W., Littlestown, R. 1. Pa. Sciford, William, E. Middle Rd., North East, Pa. Scouller, James, North East, Pa. Seaks, Mrs. Annie. Stewartstown, R. 2, Pa. Seamans, Kenneth, Factoryville, Pa. Seaton, H. L., 4645 West Grand Ave., Chi- cago 39, 111. Sechrist, William, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa Sehlmeyer, Alex E., 90 Jackson Ave., Rock- ville Centre, L. I., N. Y. Seitz. Howard B.. Rohrerstown, Pa. Seitz, John B., Rohrerstown, Pa. Sell, J. Clyde, Martinsburg, R. 1, Pa. Seniowski, John, Mapledale Ave., Orange, Conn. Sensenig, George, Millersville, R. 1, Pa. Sergent, A. S., Pikesville. Md. Sermarini, Caspar, Stevenson Lane, Torres- dale, Pa. Shaak. Leroy R., Sheridan. R. 1, Pa. Shaffer, David H., West Point, Pa. Shaffer, Edman, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Shaffer, H. B., Box 42, Utica, Pa. Shaffer, Herbert W., Hanover, R. 1, Pa. Shaffer, I. M., Line Lexington. Pa. Shaffer. Milton R., Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Shaffer, Raymond J., Seven Valleys, R.l.Pa. Shaffer, R. E., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shaffer, Vernon L., Brodbecks, Pa. Shallcross, Clarence, Bustleton Ave.. Frank- ford, Philadelphia, Pa. Shank, Amos, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shank, D. W., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Shank, Jacob D., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shank, Walter L., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Sharp, E. F., York, R. 6, Pa. Sharp, Raymond J., York, R. 6, Pa. Shaltuck, J. H., R. 5, Erie, Pa. Shaub. Alvin, New Freedom, Pa. Shaull, E. E.. Felton. R. 1, Pa. Shaw Manufacturing Co. (S. W. Shaw, Gen- eral Manager), Galesburg, Kansas Sheadle, John E., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Sheaffer, Abram R., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Shearer, Edwin B., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. — 85 — r 'h 'i * I' I 1v I 4 I Shearer, Elmer, Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Shearer, John E., York, R. 1, Pa. Shearer, M. J., Spring Grove, R. 1, Fa. Shearer, J. Warren, 426 W. Penn Ave., Wer- nersville. Pa. Shelly, Ephriam S., Manheim, R. 1, Pa Shelmire, Howard, New Britain, Pa. Shenberger, George H., York, R. 4, Pa. Shenk, Amos, Masonic Home, Elizabeth- town, Pa. Shenk, Clayton H., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa Shenk, Clayton R., Washington Boro, R. 1, Shenk, D. W., Conestoga Terrace, Lancas- ter, R. 6, Pa. Shenk, Henry E., Manheim. R. 1, Pa. Shenk, John S., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Shenk, Robert, Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Shenot, Earl S., Wexford, Pa. Sheppard, R. H., Hanover, Pa. Sherman, O. M., c/o The Arlington, Oil City, "a. Shertzer, Richard W., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa Shertzer, Robert L., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa Shettel, Randall, Mechanicsburg, R 3 Pa Shettle, George D., York, R. 4, Pa. * ' Shifriss, Oved, W. Atlee Burpee Co., Doyles- town, Pa. Shipman, B. L., Muncy, R. 4. Pa. Shirk Amos M.. Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Shirk, Harry J.. East Earl, R. 1, Pa. Shisler Bros., General Delivery, Glen Olden, Shive, Martin L., Seven Valleys, R. 1. Pa Shive. Theodore, Spring Grove, R. 2. Pa * Shoemaker, E. H., Bristol, Pa. Shoemaker, Ralph E., Littlestown, R. 1, Pa Shorb, Harry, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Shorb, Paul. Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Shue. John. Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Sh^Jer, Jack, 237 Centennial Ave., Hanover, Shultz, Henry H., Catawissa, R. 2, Pa Ik !?^il' 5°^^' Maryland Line. Md. * tuY\\' ?• ?-|^5 York St.. Hanover. Pa. Shutt. G. LeRoy. Chalfont. Pa. Sickler. Cecil, Dallas, R. 3. Pa Sidebotham, Frank. State Road. Andalusia, Siegrest, Norman H., Columbia, R. 1, Pa JT.'^^'i^i^^^ ^^■'^'••'..^"ig^ts Rd.. Torres- dale. Philadelphia, Pa. IlITi?^?"' /^i^^'/^'^^^yville. R. 1, Box 33. Pa. n?,,!''^'^^?'^^^- Riverside, R. 1, Box 60B, Club Road, Conn. Singer, Amos, Lancaster, R. 6, Pa Sipe, M. L., McClure. R. 1, Pa. Second St., Philadelphia 6, Pa. S aymaker, Clyde J., Strasburg, R. 1, Pa. Segel, Harry W., Birdsboro, R 1, Pa. Sloan, Thomas C. Oxford, R. 3, Pa. Slusser. Floyd C. Nescopeck. R. 1. Pa N\ j^^' ^" S^^^^^ook Farms, Bridgeton. Smeltzer Emory, Windsor, R. 1, Pa Smith, Clemon A., Nescopeck, R d' Pa Smith, Edgar J., York Springs R 2 Pa Smith, Edward T., New Oxford R 2 Pa Smith. Francis P., Hanover R 3 Pa ' im Ih' S«^" B^A»^lehem r: ?Pa^ t^Wu' S^^'Per. Gardners, R. 1, Pa. 1^ fH' ?l''''y^" Bellefonte, R. 2rPa Smith, John, York Springs R 2 Pa^ ?on^'R.tDer^^'^^"^^^^^^^^^ lm!J^ J^^""^ ^«' Y°^^' R- 6. Pa. bmith, Oscar H., Myerstown R •? T^a Smith, Peter. ShicksWnnT R. 1. Pa Smith, Philip S., Laughlintown, Pa. Smith, R. B., 1001 Mt. Vernon Ave , Hunt ingdon, Pa. ' ""^' ^ m'Jjefte^Pa'^^'""""''^^ ^^'^^'ion Assn, Smith, Ray W., Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Smith, Robert W., Felton, R. 1, Pa. Smith, Russell, Shrewsbury, Pa Smith, Timothy. Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Smith, W. H Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Smith Canning Co., Pendleton, Ore. Smozmsky, R. C, Lewisburg, R. 3, Pa Smucker, Benuel, Lancaster, R. 5, Pa' Snader, Jacob Z., East Earl, R. l, Pa. Snavely, Harry H., Willow Street, R. 1 p. Sneeringer, Paul, New Oxford. R. 2. Pa /S^^T.P^cP,^*'^^ ^i^- General Foods Coro (H. W. Slocum) , Mt. Morris, N. Y. ^' NY ^^^^'^^ ^^^- (Walter Enzie) , Albion. Snyder, Carl, Elysburg, R. 1, Pa. Snyder, Charles, 514 Linden Ave.. York Pa Snyder. George H., Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Snyder, Guy. Lehighton, R. 2, Pa. Snyder, John B., Columbia. R. 1, Pa. Snyder. Kenneth, Muncy. R. l, Pa. Snyder, M. Luther, York, R. 6, Pa. Snyder. Robert J., Lebanon, R. l, Pa. Snyder, Roy. Lewisburg. R. 2, Pa. Snyder, Victor C, Pitman, Pa. Solly, Walter J., Ivyland, Pa. Sorber, William, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa Southampton Nurseries. Southampton. Pa Southern Packing Co., Inc. (W. E. Lamble. Jr ), Fell St.. Baltimore 31. Md. Spahr Morgan E., Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Spangler John M., Spring Grove, R. 3. Prf. ^^.^J^^^L.P^^^^' Byberry Road, Torresdale 14, Philadelphia, Pa. Specca, Romeo, Byberry Road, Torresdale, Philadelphia, Pa. Spencer. C. J., Dalton. R. 2, Pa. Spertzel, Ernest, Gardners, R. 2, Pa. Spertzel, Paul, York Springs, R. 1. Pa. Sprenkle, Harry, Menges Mills. Pa. Spruance. Preston Lea. Greenville Del. Spruance, Mrs. W. C, 2507 West 17th St.. Wilmington 73, Del. Spyker, Robert N., Reading, R. 2, Pa. Sray, William, McDonald, R. 2, Pa. Stackhouse, Arthur H., Yardley. Pa Stafford, Edward E., 6419 Pinehurst Road, Baltimore 12, Md. Stahl. William, Lewisburg. R. 2, Pa. Stalder, Anna, Ivyland, Pa. Stambaugh. Fred, Alum Bank. Pa. Stambaugh, Herman, Thomasville, R. 2, Pa. Stambaugh, M. J., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Stanton, J. Laird, Pttston, R. 1. Pa. Stanton, Lee, Pittston. R. 1, Pa. Stare, Paul, Woodbury, Pa. Stamer, A. H., Gardners, R. 2, Pa. Starr. Chester, Three Springs, Pa. Starry. N. D.. York Springs, R. 1, Pa. States Trucking. Croydon, R. 1. Pa. Stauffer, Harry W., HeUam, R. 1, Pa. Stauffer, Phares B., New Holland, R. 2. Pa. Stauflfer, R. C. Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Stauffer, William B., Kutztown, R. 3. Pa. Steigerwalt, Ralph R., Lehighton, R. 2, Pa. Sterner, Curvin G., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Sterner. Gordon M.. Hanover. R. 2, Pa. Sterner, Maggie T., Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Sterner. Mrs. Sadie T., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Sterns, Guy, Bellefonte, R. 1. Pa. Stevenson, H. F., Waverly, Pa. Stewart, M. M., 1701 N. Front St., Harris- burg, Pa. Stine. John H.. Seven Valleys, Pa. — 86 — Stitzel, G. Vance, Gardners, R. 1, Pa. St. Marys Packing Company, The (Paul Korn), Delphos, Ohio St. Mary's Packing Co. (J. J. Reynolds) , Holgate, Ohio St. Mary's Packing Co. (J. Swanger) , Ohio Bldg., Sydney, Ohio Stock, John, Martinsburg. R. 2. Pa. Stokely Foods, Inc. (W. C. Pressing) , Cel- ina„ Ohio Stokely Foods, Inc., Norwalk, Ohio Stokely Foods, Inc.. Plain City, Ohio Stokely Foods, Inc., West Jefferson, Ohio Stoker, William, Red Lion Rd., Torresdale, Philadelphia 14, Pa. Stoltzfus, Amos E., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, Amos E. & Stephen B. Stoltzfus, Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, Benjamin F., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, David G.. Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Stoltzfus. Emanuel. Elverson, Pa. Stoltzfus. Fred D., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, Israel, Kirkwood, R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus. Job, Elverson, R. 2. Pa. Stoltzfus. John E., Narvon. R. 1. Pa. Stoltzfus, John J., Elverson. R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus, Levi E., Narvon, R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus, Moses, Elverson. R. 2. Pa. Stoltzfus, Paul S., Leola. Pa. Stoltzfus. Samuel F.. Morgantown. Pa. Stoltzfus. Stephen E., Elverson. R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus. Urle. Elverson. R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, William, Bareville, R. 1. Pa. Stone. Harry E., Burnside Ave, Norristown, R. 1. Pa. Stonebraker. Kenneth, Indiana. R. 1. Pa. Stonerook. D. I., Martinsburg. R. 1. Pa. Stoppard, Russell L., Dover, R. 1, Pa. Stottlemyer. A. B., Paradise, R. 1, Pa. Stouck. Wilford. York. R. 1. Pa. Stough. C. Paul. York, R. 4, Pa. Stough, Ivan, Glen Rock, R. 2, Pa. Stough, Richard S.. Dover. R. 2. Pa. Stough. W. H., York. R. 1. Pa. Stough. William J., Thomasville. R. 1. Pa. Stout, C. F. C, Room 601, 1600 Arch Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Stout. G. J., State College, Pa. Stover, Allen, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Stover, Harry, Hanover, R. 3. Pa. Stover, Kermit F., Smullton. Pa. Stover. J. Philip, Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Stradzus. Walter, Shickshinny. R. 2, Pa. Strausbaugh, George S.. Hanover. R. 3. Pa. Strausbaugh, Norman H., Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Strayer. Dale. New Oxford, R. 1. Pa. Stremmel, Joseph, Spring Grove. R. 2. Pa. Strewig. Clarence, Glen Rock. R. D.. Pa. Strock. Clark S.. Springtown. Pa. Strong. Samuel Z.. Mechanicsburg. R. 3. Pa. Strong. W. O.. Farm School. Pa. Struble. Jay. Bellefonte, Pa. Stryker, E. E.. Montgomery, R. 2, Pa btutzman, Guy, Indiana, R. 4. Pa. Mutzman. Louis D.. Homer City. R. 1. Pa. Stutzman, R. B.. Cramer. Pa. budds R. H.. Dept. of Horticulture. Mor- gantown. W. Va. Sunday. W. P., York, R. 4, Pa. Qyr,^«"l,^'^°s- Freehold, R. 3, N. J. l!!H!5' S- °^"^' Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Snt 5' Sr^nk Shickshinny. R. 2, Pa. ^utiiff, Willard, Shickshinny, Pa. gutter. John, 470 Orange St., Forty Fort. Pa. qu,l5i' *^°lV"' ^'^ Owens St., Forty Fort. Pa. ^wartley. Howard H.. Blooming Glen, Bucks County. Pa. ^^rS^^J?^' Morris, Dalton, R. 2. Pa. i>wartz. Charles. New Freedom, R. 2, Pa. Swartz, C. M., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Swartz, John, Spring Grove. R. 3, Pa. Swartzentruber. Allen. Mertztown, R. 1. Pa. Sweitzer. Carroll H.. New Freedom, R. 2, Pa Sweitzer Clayton A., Marietta. R. 1, Pa. Swemly, Willis J., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Switzer, John. Pittston. R. 1. Pa. Sytnik. Carl, Yardley. R. 1. Pa. Szklenski, Frank, Harbor Creek, Pa. Szolack, Joseph, Twin Maple Farm, New- town, Pa. Taylor & CaldweU, Inc. (H. P. Taylor) . Wal- kerton. Va. Taylor. Ferman, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Taylor. Lloyd. Homer City, R. 2, Pa. Tebbs, Fred, Jr., Montgomery. R. 1. Pa. Teter, Guy, Zions Grove, Pa. Thoman, Earl. Spring Grove. R. 3, Pa. Thomas & Company (E. F. Thomas) . 71 E. South St., Frederick, Md.) Thomas & Company (G. F. Thomas), 71 E. South St.. Frederick. Md. Thomas. A. L., East Berlin, R. 2, Pa. Thomas, Charles E.. 558 Grove Ave., Johns- town, Pa. Thomas, Clayton N., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Thomas, D. E., Orangeville. R. 1, Pa. Thomas, Earl. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Thomas, Lester. Spring Grove, R. 3. Pa. Thomas. William A., Y.M.C.A., Tyrone. Pa. Thompson, Alvan C. Morrisville. R. 1, Pa. Thompson. John C, Richboro Road, R. D. 2, Newtown. Pa. Thompson. Nelson H., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Thompson, Robert, Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Thompson. W. R. & H. X. Williamjsport, R. 1, Pa. Thuma, B. E.. Marietta. R. 1. Pa. Tomlinson. Robert K., Westtown School, Westtown, Pa. Tomlinson, Samuel F., Newtown. R. 1. Pa. Topper. Paul H., Gettysburg, R. 4, Pa. Torsch Canning Co. (F. A. Torsch), Balti- more. Md. Tracey, J. Earle, Freeland, Md. Trask, Mrs. John E. D., 2024 Spruce Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Trauger, H. A., Torrance, Pa. Trax & Sons, R. L., Library, Pa. Tressler, Dean. Bellefonte. R. 2. Pa. Tressler, Frank, Conyngham. Pa. Tressler, Harrison, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Tressler. John. Sybertsville. Pa. Tri-State Packers' Assn., Inc. (Frank M. Shook), Box 738, Easton. Md. Trone, Arthur H., Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Trone. John C, Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Trostle, Harry E., York Springs. R. 1, Pa. Trout, Roy H., Stewartstown, R. 3. Pa. Tunnell & Company. Inc.. F. W. (G. R. Mar- shall, Jr.), 15 North Fifth St.. Philadel- phia 6. Pa. Turnbach, Charles. Sugarloaf, R. D.. Pa. Twining, N. Stanley, Newtown, R. 1. Pa. Twins, Motor, 240 S. Main St.. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Twist, Frank S., 464 Third St., Northumber- land. Pa. Tyson. Edwin C, Flora Dale, Pa. Tyson, Henry, Lititz. R. 3, Pa. Tyson, John I., Red Lion, R. 1, Pa. Ulrich, William. 923 S. 17th St., Harrisburg, Pa. Umberger, P. W., 199 Walnut St., Lebanon, Pa. Underwood, F. O., Garden Seed Service Co- operative, G.L.F. Mills, Inc., 1001 W. Sen- eca St., Ithaca, N. Y. Updyke, Fred, Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. — 87 — I ( I*. • 1 ■f A Utz. Harold R., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Vandenberg, G. B., Rohm & Haas Co., Bris- tol. Pa. „ , „ Van Tuyle, Harold, Pittston, R. 1. Pa. Van Tuyle, Leon C, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Van Tuyle, Jack, Pittston, R.'l, Pa. Vargo, Stephen, Jr., Newtown, R. D.. Pa. Vaughan's Seed Store (C. F. Keegan). 47-49 Barclay St., New York 7, N. Y. Veith, Adam, Falls, Pa. Vogelear, Martin, River Ridge Farm, Frank- lin, Pa. Voight, M. J., 613 East Main St., Waupun, Wis. Vonada, Miles, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Vosler, E. B., Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. Wagaman, Maurice L., Abbottstown. R. 1. Pa. Wagaman, Philip J., Abbottstown, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Bruce, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Carl D., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Clark, Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Curvin E., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Wagner, G. H., New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Harry, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Wagner, John, Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, L. S., North East, Pa. Wagner, R. K., New Florence, Pa. Wagner, Woodrow W., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Walk, Earl, Conestoga, R. 2, Pa. Walker, Eugene, Harris Twp., R. D.l, Spring Mills, Pa. Walp, Fred, Drums, Pa. Walsh, James, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Walter, Carl M., Claysburg, R. 1, Pa. Walters, Woodrow W., Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. Waltersdorff, Norman W., Menges Mills, Pa. Waltersdorf, M. J.. Mt. Wolf, R. 1, Pa. Waltz, R. G., Norristown , Pa. Wandel, Blaine, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Warehime, Alan, Hanover, Pa. Warfel, B. S., Drumore, R. 1, Pa. Warfield, Edwin, Jr., Woodbine, Md. War Manpower Commission, 1835 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Warner, Clarence E., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Warner, Clark, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Warner, George A., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Warner, Milton M., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Warner Ralph, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Warren State Hospital (Library), North Warren, Pa. Wassell, Mrs. William S., 133 Old Gulph Rd., Wynnewood, Pa. Wasson, E. G., State College, R. 1, Pa. Wasson, James E., Box 26, Madisonburg, Pa. Watkins, R. G., Box 128, Wilkes-Barre, Pa Watts, Gilbert S., Bellwood, Pa. Watts, James M., Woodville State Hospital, Woodville, Pa. Watts, R. L., 225 E. Foster Ave., State Col- lege, Pa. Waupun Canning Company, Waupun, Wis. Way, Charles H., Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Frank L., Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Weaver, Harry H., Ephrata, R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Ivan G., Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Weaver, James E., New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Lewis, York, R. 1, Pa. Weaver, L. O., Buckhout Lab., State Col- lefie Pa Weaver, Levi A., 362 West Main St., New Holland. Pa. Weaver, Levi M., Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Weaver, Merril, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Mervin, Littlestown, R. 2, Pa Weaver, Paul. Quarryville, Pa. Weaver. Stanley J„ laO S^i oiut »i,, fl|4|, sauqua. Pa. ^ Weaver. WiUas, Mt. Joy. M t. I'd Weber, Charles E, Hullui.N (uu i k \ \h^ Weber, George G,, Feiinirtl MUtw , V. ! \\ Weber. Stanford. BtJUelwni^, H a, V^ Weichel. John H.. m W, WttlmU «!,, U»\ caster Pa Weight, George E.. BeUefnntt*. 1\, I. IM|. Weigle. Meade, Met'l\anu ima, ||. I, Pa Weikert, M. D.. Get! n Imm ii rt, P|, " Weinschenk, J. I , IMpw VrtsHt^, U 4, p|, Weitzel, Harry M., MeuhanUhihuri, Ail^i Welch Grape Juice Cqn Vf\^ (fj J' Morgenstern). Weatfleia, N Y, Wenger. Allen W., Lebanon H 1 T*« Wenker, Harold 12., Wulhi* UJ , IMiilJetttH Philadelphia 15, Pa. Wenker. Ray W., BustlPtPn, fhtUflPlpWn Wenker! WilUam. Welwh no«d, t^UN)t«tAn. Philadelphia 15, Pa. ' Wenner, John, HuntinfltPn MlllH. t*«, Wentz Bros., Ambler, Ft, Wentz, George A.. LlntborOi Md, Wentz, Jesse M.. H«nQV#r, II. I, Fa, Wentz, Walter E., Jr.. 10 W, laUfmoro Av«,, Media, Pa. Wentzel. Foster E., ll9Unigr0V«i Fii Werner, Ralph F., BroclbPPl||, fi, Wert, Harry E., Lewlshurtf. H, 1, Fi, West Salem Canning Co (Mr MHPlTlflflWfl^ ey). West Salem. Wlw, Wetzel, Harry, Hanovw, K. I, Fit Wetzel, Leroy W., Hanover, n %, Fit Wheeland, Chester C„ UUU Nui Uiwav XoMI. Wllliamsport, Pa. Whitacre. WilUam R . Hort, AldK., lillf College, Pa. Whltaker. Tristram CQ(f\n, Ortipn TrPd Flower Gardens, 6.34.'l Qrfffmi ii,, dar> mantown. Philadelphia 4li FA Whitcomb, Paul H., Yoijl, |l, 4, Mtt White. Don W., Cedarhurnt l^ani*, MWtuti Conn. White, Epley, Beljefonti, R, 1. Fi. White. William L WiUUm M„ Comw*-!! Heights, Pa. White, W. R., 734 M(!K«« ii„ MiiU GdWm, Pa. I Whltecraft. George W„ Iddlngton, f'tt Whitenlght, Harold A., IwomiliMlg, A, Pa. Whitenight. Myron, 0ia M«rk«*t 0t„ ■loemi* burg, Pa. Whiteside, Norman E , OKfoirt, H, i, Fl Wiggins. A. W.. Clarks HmimH, H I Fi- Wiggins, Charles g., Albion, Pa, Wildasin, Charlea h., Ilttuover, R, %, Fi* Wildasln, Ezra, Hanovi^r, R, i, P$, Wildasin, Henry. 28a W WalnMi if, ffin- over. Pa. Wildasin, J. Earl, Hanavtir, H 8, Pa, WilheUn, H. W.. AbhotNIo d, (,>!, Wilkinson, Harold, Uniukkhmngj n, t f*, Wilkinson, Robert R., 70» Ih, Mih •Ifiti- Harrisburg. Pa. Williams. A. B. C. York •prlnfi, Fi, Williams, L. A., York BriiiO««,R, UFi Williams. Lewis, li «. Wluohester CanninK Co. (Norman Spain), V(km\ WinchPHttM'. Ohio Wlnebret\nrr i\)n\pany. D. K., Hanover, Fa. WInpkft. Kll F.. Ued ia(»n. R. ?»?«;,„ Wlnupti, Solomon, FayottevlUe, n. 1. Pa. Wink. WiUlB W.. Bristol. R. I. Pa, WInkelblech. P. M.. Aaronsburg. Pa. Wmorr Canning Company, The (C, R. Barn- hart), Orclevlllr. Ohio Wlnorr Cimnlng (\)n\pany. The (Howard Mull). WauL'Pon. Ohio Wintera, Oscar. 99H Carlisle St.. Hanover. wWonstn Canneri Aaan.. (Marvin P. Ver- hulst), 1003 Tenney Bldg.. Madlion, WU. Wine. J. Harvey. Cononodore. Pa. Wliherlie. Rubin, Hcllefonte, R. a. Pa, Wlttennoldner, Louis, McKnlght Road. Mill- viile, R. 4, Pa. WItwer. Walter 8.. Qordonvtlle, R. 1. Pa. Wohla^ituith. Rlohard, North Olrard. Pa. Wohleber, Stephen. 'MWi Mt. Troy Road, f^ fl , IMtUburuh 12. Pu. Wolf, Alfred, New FriHMiom, R. 1. Pa. Wolf, Mrs. Bltai. Spring Run Farm, Dreah- pi, Pfl. Wolf. Oeotge, New Freedom, R. 1. Pa. Wolf. Ilnrold ».. York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Wolf, Hniold and Wayne. York Springs, R. 1, Pn. Wolf, Wllmer H., Qardners, R. a. Pa. Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo fe, ClBtence, ShickNhinny. R. 1. Pa, ff>, Dorman E., DallaH, R. %, Pa. fe, .lonai H., MHinpton, Pa. fe, M triiKene, Spring Mills, Pa. fe, WhIUm, DnllAN. R. 2, Pa. fe, Wpodell R , MIfllinburg. R. 1, Pa. gemuth, C. M., Mt. Jov, R. l, P«. «emoth, .foseph M., Nit. Joy, Pa. Heiouih, Joseph M., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa, gemuth, L. H,, Mt. Joy, R. f, Pa. Wonder, Oeotge k., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Wonder, Ralph H., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Wood, Mm. Richard D., 2100 Locust Street, t'lilifolplphlH :\, Pa. WooflnifT k Sons, F H , Inc., Mllford. Conn. Wood^ ( Mins (banning Co. (V. E. Moss), Box m. Clearn(>ld, IMah Woods, K. Wllmer, R. D. 2, Box 23a-A, Con- nejlsvllle. Pa. Worcester Salt Company (Herman J. Fir- stln). n.in No. Delaware Ave., Phtladel- ^ hia 2:1. Pa. brk, Dr. Paul, 310 Elmwood Ave., Ithaca, New V(»rk Worklnger, Edward, Windsor, R. 1, Pa. Worklnger, Joaeph, Red Lion, Pa. Worklnger, W. (?.. Red Lion. Pa. Wurley, Charles H., Hanover, R. 4, Pa. wS WorralL Miss Harriet E., 3415 Race Street, Phlladalpl\ia 4, Pa. Woraaami Frank H., 124 Leon Ave., Nor- wood, Pa. Wotring. Warren T., Mertztown, R. 1, Pa. Woinock, Andrew R., Berwick, R. 1, Pa. Wright, Dr. F. W., 113 Elchelberger Street, Hanovar, Pa. Wright, Jaaptr H., Star Route, Huntingdon, Pa. Wright, Sidnay, 517 Northampton Street. Kingston. Pa. Wriltr, Richard. McAlisterville, Pa. Wybla, Albert, Mlllersville, R. 1, Pa. Yallok Bros., aSO Union St., Luzerne, Pa. Vanoaik, William. Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Yamall, Joaeph M.. Cochranville, R. 2, Pa. Yaagla, John P., Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Yaagla. Walter, Bristol. R. 2. Pa. Yaagy, Ralph E., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Yaagy. R. E., York Springs, R. 2. Pa. YearicK, Nevln A., Howard. Pa. Yerger, Claude R., Apollo, R. 3, Pa. Yerkea, Harry H., Oxford, R. 3, Pa. Yarkea, Morris H., Southampton. Pa. Yarkaa, William H., Jr., Buckingham. Pa. Yottar, J. P., Buckingham Valley P. O.. Burks Countv. P« Ylngllng, H. E.\ Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Yodar, Harold O., Mechanlcsburg, R. 2. Pa. Yoder, Ira L., Box 117, Middleburg, Pa. Yodar, Jonaa, Boyertown, R. 2, Pa. Yoder, Rufua W., P. O. Box 374, Salem, N. J. Yohe, William J.. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Yohn, S. H., Dillsburff, R. 1. Pa. Young, Clarence E., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Young, Reader M., Washington Boro, Pa. Yurlsn. Andrew. Pittston. R. 1, Pa. Yurko nnd Martushck, 484 Church Street, Swoyorvllle, Pa. Zartman. Ervin, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Zehner, Warren F.. Sugar Loaf, Pa. Zelbel, A. G., Ambridge, Pa. Zelgler, Charles H., Freeland. Md. Zeigler, Ralph R., Mlllheim, R. 1, Pa. Zelgler, William G., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Zelecki, Walter, Benton, R. 1, Pa. Zellari. Daniel E., Felton, R. 1, Pa. Zepp, John. Jr., York Springs. R. 2, Pa. Zerby, Henry, Mlllheim, Pa. Zeveney, Al, Shickshinny. R. 2, Pa. Zlealoft, J. Mm Jersey town. Pa. Zimmerman, b. F., RIngtown, Pa. Zimmerman, Harvey M.. Ephrata, R. 3, Pa. Zlnk, George D., 432 Horace Ave.. Palmyra, New Jersey Zinn, Cheater A., York, R. 6, Pa. Zook. Jacob. Oley, Pa. Zook, Joel. Gap, R. 1, Pa. Zook, Morris, Honey Brook, Pa. Zook. Omar, Manatawny, Pa. Zuber, Charles, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Zumbrum, Raymond H , Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Are Your Ready? Membership for 1946 is now acceptable: $1.00 a year or $1.25 with the News (S issues) and 12 issues of the Market Growers Journal. To avoid a lapse in the Market Growers Journal, send $5.00 for a 4-year membership with both the News and M. G. J., continuously. Start now for 10*000 members in 1946. — 89 — h r I «f I'li Ore Hill Orchards (Charles L. Paqkard), R. D. 124M, Roaring Spring, Pa. Orient, Louis. Bridgeville, Pa. Orr, Boyd, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Orton. H. S., North East, Pa. Orton. M. F., North East, Pa. Orwig, David, New Freedom, R. 2. Pa. Osseo Canning Co., Osseo, Wisconsin Osthoff. Oscar W.. Bridgeville, R. 2, Pa. Overdorff, Charles, Indiana, R. 4, Pa. Overdorff, Paul R., Brush Valley, Pa. Overdorff, Virgil. Indiana. R. 4. Pa. Page and Son, Merle, North East, Pa. Paschke, D. C, North East, Pa. Patton, Rufus F., Harrisburg State Hospi- tal Harrisburg, Pa. Patton, Thomas H., 209 Agric. Bldg., State Collese Pa Payne, James, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Pearson, L. J., Hidden Valley Farm, New- town, Pa. Pedano, Anthony, 104 N. Woodland Avenue, Aldon, Delaware County, Pa. Peeling, W. E., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Penn Valley Packing Co. (Fred Nardini), Tamaqua, Pa. Pennsylvania Industrial School, Hunting- don, Pa. Pentz, John R., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Pepper, Mrs. Franklin, Orefield St.. Phila- delphia 18, Pa. Pepper, Mrs. G. W., Devon, Pa. Pf-pper, J. O., State College, Pa. Perkowski, Walter, Benton, R. 1, Pa. Perry, Joseph, Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Peters, Wayne. Manheim, R. 2, Pa. Pew, Mrs. John G., P.O. Box 23. Moylan. Pa. Pfahler, Clarence, Honey Brook, R. 1. Pa. Pfahler. Frank J.. Catawissa, Pa. Pfahler. William. Catawissa. Pa. Phanco, Lee, 66 East St.. North East. Pa. Phelps, Mrs. E. C. 2 Rydal Rd.. Jenkintown, Pa. Philp, Kenneth S., 682 Morrison Dr., Pitts- burgh 16, Pa. Phillips, J. Richard, Jr., & Sons, Berlin, Md. Phillips Packing Co., Inc. (Charles Fuller. Director), Department of Agriculture. Cambridge, Md. Piatt, George, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Pick, Charles W., Dalton, Pa. Pierce Frank, North East, Pa. Piper, Z. A., Dry Run, Pa. Pitcher, B. L., Beechnut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. Pitzer, N. E., New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Pitzonka, Walter W., Pitzonka's Pansy Farm, Box 211, Bristol, Pa. Podehl. J. M., Box 115, Plainsville, Pa. Poetker. W. A., Landon St., Lititz, Pa. Pollock, G. B., Wyoming, R. 3, Pa. Pollock, Walter. Holtwood. R. 2, Pa. Polowchak, Mike, Berwick, R. 2, Pa. Poorbaugh, H. J., Agricultural Extension Assn., Pottsville. Pa. Poorbaugh, Ray A., Quakertown, Pa. Portland Packing Co., Albion, Maine Port and Packing Co., Canton, Maine Pnrt «!Jh o^'^tl^^ S°- t««^* Center. Maine Port and Packing Co., Newport. Maine SS^ ^"2 S^^^^i"^ ^O" Norway, Maine S^^ ^^^5 g«^^ '^S Co., Oakland, Maine Port and Packmg Co., Portland, Maine ?or 2!Jh S^'^ti"^ S°- U'^^^y- Maine Pnri SSh S^^'t '^^ £°- W^s^ Minot. Maine pSftiS"? Packmg Co.. Winthrop, Maine Potter, Lawrence, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Powell, E. L., Jr., Omega Plant Farms, Inc. Omega, Ga. '* Powell, Frank, Bellefonte, Pa. Powell, Mrs. Humbert Barton, Willowdale Farm, Devon, Pa. Powell, Lawrence, Tyburn Rd., Morrisville, Pa. Poyner, Ernest R., 4117 Kathland Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Prall, Elmer E., New Freedom, Pa. Prebola, Andrew, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Pressler, C. D., Woodward, Pa. Preston, Sam D., 448 W. Leicester St. Win- chester, Va. Price, Louis, 94 S. Landon St., Kingston, Pa. Price, Sterl, Millheim, Pa. Price, Victor, 432 Northampton St., Kings- ton, Pa. Price & Son, William J., 1405i Wyoming Ave., Forty Fort, Pa. Prock, Harry A., Camp Hill Road, White- marsh, Pa. Producers Co-op. Exchange, P. O. Box 168, Coatesville, Pa. Prosser, E. C, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Prutzman, C. R., Trucksville, R. 1, Pa. Puglia Bros., Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Quinn, T. D., North Girard, R. 1, Pa. Rahn, Robert M., Geigertown, Pa. Ranck, Howard G., Danville, R. 2, Pa. Ranck, Wenger, Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rapp, David B., Easton, R. 3, Pa. Rarig, John W., Elysburg, R. 1, Pa. Reath, Mrs. Thomas, Haws Lane, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia 18, Pa. Rebennack, John, Dallas, R. 2, Pa. Reber, Mrs. Vena R., New Oxford, R. 1, Pa. Reed, Frank, 85 Fairview Ave., Morrisville, Pa. Reed, Guy S., Summit Station, R. 1, Pa. Reeder, Joseph T., Catawissa, R. 2, Pa. Reese, C. G., 1158 Broadway, Hanover. Pa. Reever, Clarence. Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. Reich, John D., Bellefonte, R. 1, Pa. Reichard, Eben B., Fredonia, Pa. Reid, Murdoch & Co. (M. S. Canaday), P.O. Box 888, Rochester, Minn. Reigle, R. M., 366 Philadelphia Ave.. Cham- bersburg. Pa. Relnecker, C. D., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Reinhart Brothers, Wild Hyacinth Farms, Norristown, R. 4, Pa. Reininger Farms, D. J., Stony Creek Mills, Pa. Reisler. Malcolm P., Oxford, R. 3, Pa. Renold, Charles H., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Renoll, Robert, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Resser, R. W., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rex, E. G., Rutgers Alumni House, New Brunswick, N. J. Rexrode, D. L., York, R. 4. Pa. Reynolds.A.Brinton. West Chester, R.4, Pa. Reynolds, M. Cloud, Kennett Square. R. 1, Pa. Rhoads, S. B., Selinsgrove, Pa. Rhone. William E., Allenwood, R. 1, Pa. Rick, John, West Leesport, Pa. Ridall, William, Town Hill, Pa. Rife. Vernon, New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Rinehart, Lewis E., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Rinehart, L. M., Brodbecks. R. 1. Pa. Rinehart. Maurice, Hanover, R. 3. Pa. Rinehart, Paul. Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Rinehart, William G., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Rinker. Dave, East Berlin, R. 2, Pa. Ripley. W. N., Harbor Creek, R. 1, Pa. Ripple, Fred M.. 93 Cedar St., Mt. Union, Pa. Rishel, Edward E., York, R. 4, Pa. — 84 — Risser. Jacob W., Lititz, R. 1, Pa. R tter Ernest E., Winfield, R. 1, Pa. Rivinus Mrs. E. F., 416 West Moreland Ave., Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa. Roberts, Byron T., Marlton, N. J. Robinson, Mrs. A. B., North East, Pa. Robinson, Donald R., Sr., Altoona, R. 1, Box 111 Pa. Rockview. Western Penitentiary (Library), Bellefonte, Pa. . ^ ^ . Rodale, J. I.. Editor, Organic Gardenmg, Emmaus, Pa. Rodes, Arthur B., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Roemhild. Albert C, 122 Dock St., Philadel- phia, Pa. Roever, W. E., W. Atlee Burpee Co. Ford- hook Farms, Doylestown, Pa. Rogers, Gerald, Bellefonte, Pa. Rohrbach. A. C Catawissa, R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh, Aaron D., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Rohrbaugh, C. B., Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh. (?urvin L., Brodbecks, R. 1. Pa. Rohrbaugh. D. A.. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rohrbaugh, Earl. Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Rohrbaugh. Edward. Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Rohrbaugh. J. A., Spring Grove. R. 3. Pa. Rohrbaugh. Samuel S., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Rohrer, B. Frank, Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Rohrer, Jacob H.. Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rohrer. Jacob N., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Rohrer. P. L., Smoketown. Pa. Rood. Carl. Sweet Valley, R. 1, Pa. Rosbough, A. H., Engle Rd., Berea. Ohio Rosenberger, Henry G., Chalfont, R. 1. Pa. Ross. B. C, Lewisburg. R. 2. Pa. Ross, P. A., 140 W. Corydon St., Bradford. Pa. Rosotti, Charles C, Executive V. President, Rossotti Lithographing Co., 8511 Tonelle Avenue, North Bergen, N. J. Roth, John A., Jr., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Rothsville High School, Rothsville. Pa. Rowe, D. G., Boonsboro, R. 2, Md. Rowe, Edgar W.. Selinsgrove, R. 1, Pa. Rowe, Paul, 206 Miller St., R. 1, Strasburg, Pa. Royer, E. R.. Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Rubincam, I. N., Jamison. Pa. Ruby, John. Menges Mills, Pa. Ruck, George, Huntingdon Valley, Pa. Rudisill, Ralph, Spring Grove, R. 3. Pa. Rudisill. Worley F.. 1634 W. Market Street. York. Pa. Rudisill. W. S.. Spring Grove. R. 1. Pa. Rudolph. Joseph R., West Chester. Box 12, Pa. Ruhls Plant Farm, Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Rulland, J. A., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Runk, George A., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Runkel, Claude E., c/o Arthur Fasnacht, Lebanon, R. 5. Pa. Runkle. Archie. Red Lion. R. 1. Pa. Runkle. Franklin, Gregg Twp., R. D., Spring Mills, Pa. Runninger, Ralph E., 71 S. Pearl St., Lan- caster, Pa. Runyan, Fuller S., 425 Walnut St., Milton, Rupp. L. J., York Springs. R. 1, Pa. Ruppert, John L., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Rutecki, William, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Ruth, John F., Stouchburg, Pa. Ruth, William A.. Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Ryan, William H., York, R. 1, Pa. Ryman, Ross, Bloomsburg, R. 3, Pa. 5>abatme, Mike, 420 Washington St., Bristol, r^a. Sampsel, Harold, Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Sanders, Guy S., Gettysburg, R. 5, Pa. Sanders, Wilbur, Millers, Md. Sanger, Paul E., Myerstown, R. 2, Pa. Sansoni, Romano, Hatboro, Pa. Sapitowicz, John J., 279 Plains Rd., Milford, Conn. Sarandrea, Joseph, Hulmeville Rd., Croy- don, R. 1, Pa. Sauder, Amos H., Ephrata, R. 2, Pa. Sauders, Willis W., Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Saulsbury Bros., Inc. (O. Saulsbury), Ridge- ly, Md. Saylor, Samuel, Hellertown, R. 1, Pa. Schaefer, George E., York, R. 5, Pa. Schantz, Louis, Orefleld, R. 1, Pa. Schapansky, H. D., Cochranville, R. 1, Pa. Schell, Inc., Walter S., 10th & Market Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Schlegel, Paul N., Boyertown, R. 2, Pa. Schmidt, Charles M., Virginia-Carolina Fertilizer Co., Carteret, N. J. Schmidt, Dietrick, Muncy, R. 3, Pa. Schmitt, R. P., Dunsville, Va. Schock, Isiah, Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Schock, John M., Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Schoomaker, James, Red Lion, R. 1, Pa. Schrope, J .m, Heglns, Pa. Schultz, A. A., Box 232, Reading, Pa. Schultz, John, North East, Pa. Schultz, Joseph R., Bloomsburg, R. 1, Pa. Schultz, Roy, Willow Street, R. 1, Pa. Schuman, Ralph D., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Schwartz, John W., Littlestown, R. 1, Pa. Sciford, William, E. Middle Rd., North East, Pa. Scouller, James, North East, Pa. Seaks, Mrs. Annie, Stewartstown, R. 2, Pa. Seaimans, Kenneth, Factoryville, Pa. Seaton, H. L., 4645 West Grand Ave., Chi- cago 39, 111. Sechrist, William, Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa Sehlmeyer, Alex E., 90 Jackson Ave., Rock- ville Centre, L. I., N. Y. Seitz, Howard B., Rohrerstown, Pa. Seltz, John B., Rohrerstown, Pa. Sell, J. Clyde, Martinsburg, R. 1, Pa. Seniowskl, John, Mapledale Ave., Orange, Conn. Sensenig, George, Millersville, R. 1, Pa. Sergent, A. S., Pikesville, Md. Sermarinl, Caspar, Stevenson Lane, Torres- dale, Pa. Shaak, Leroy R., Sheridan, R. 1, Pa. Shaffer. David H., West Point, Pa. Shaffer, Edman, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Shaffer, H. B., Box 42, Utica, Pa. Shaffer, Herbert W., Hanover, R. 1, Pa. Shaffer, I. M., Line Lexington, Pa. Shaffer, Milton R., Dlllsburg, R. 1, Pa. Shaffer, Raymond J., Seven Valleys, R.l,Pa. Shaffer, R. E., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shaffer, Vernon L., Brodbecks, Pa. Shallcross, Clarence, Bustleton Ave.. Frank- ford, Philadelphia, Pa. Shank, Amos, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shank, D. W., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Shank, Jacob D., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Shank, Walter L., Lancaster. R. 6, Pa. Sharp, E. F., York, R. 6, Pa. Sharp, Raymond J., York, R. 6, Pa. Shattuck, J. H., R. 5, Erie, Pa. Shaub, Alvin, New Freedom, Pa. Shaull, E. E., Felton, R. 1, Pa. Shaw Manufacturing Co. (S. W. Shaw, Gen- eral Manager), Galesburg, Kansas Sheadle, John E., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Sheaflfer, Abram R., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Shearer, Edwin B., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. — 85 — « • • I • . m • Shearer. Elmer, Mt. Joy. R. 1. Pa. Shearer. John E.. York. R. )., Pa. Shearer, M. J.. Spring Grove. R. 1, Pa. Shearer, J. Warren, 426 W. Penn Ave., Wer- nersville, Pa. Shelly, Ephriam S., Manheim, R. 1, Pa. Shelmire, Howard, New Britain, Pa. Shenberger, George H., York, R. 4, Pa. Shenk, Amos, Masonic Home, Elizabeth- town, Pa. Shenk, Clayton H., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Shenk, Clayton R., Washington Boro, R. 1, Pa. Shenk, D. W., Conestoga Terrace, Lancas- ter, R. 6, Pa. Shenk, Henry E., Manheim, R. 1, Pa. Shenk, John S., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Shenk, Robert, Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Shenot. Earl S., Wexford. Pa. Sheppard, R. H.. Hanover. Pa. Sherman. O. M.. c/o The Arlington, Oil City, Pa. Shertzer, Richard W., Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Shertzer, Robert L., Lancaster, R. 4, Pa. Shettel, Randall, Mechanicsburg, R. 3, Pa. Shettle, George D., York. R. 4, Pa. Shifriss, Oved, W. Atlee Burpee Co., Doyles- town. Pa. Shipman, B. L., Muncy, R. 4, Pa. Shirk Amos M., Columbia, R. 2, Pa. Shirk, Harry J., East Earl, R. 1, Pa. Shisler Bros., General Delivery, Glen Olden, Pa. Shive, Martin L., Seven Valleys, R. 1, Pa. Shive, Theodore, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Shoemaker, E. H., Bristol, Pa. Shoemaker, Ralph E., Littlestown, R. 1, Fa. Shorb, Harry, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Shorb, Paul, Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Shue, John, Hanover. R. 2, Pa. Shuler, Jack, 237 Centennial Ave., Hanover, Pa. Shultz, Henry H„ Catawissa, R. 2, Pa. Shuman, Dora, Maryland Line, Md. Shutt, H. B., 315 York St.. Hanover, Pa. Shutt, G. LeRoy, Chalfont, Pa. Sickler, Cecil, Dallas. R. 3, Pa. Sidebotham, Frank, State Road, Andalusia, Pa. Siegrest, Norman H., Columbia, R. 1, Pa. Simons, John W.. Jr., Knights Rd., Torres- dale, Philadelphia, Pa. Simpson, John, Finleyville, R. 1, Box 33, Pa. Sinclair, John S., Riverside, R. 1, Box 60B, Club Road. Conn. Singer, Amos, Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Sipe, M. L., McClure, R. 1, Pa. Slamp, H. S., Thomas Roberts & Co., 135 So. Second St.. Philadelphia 6. Pa. Slaymaker, Clyde J., Strasburg, R. 1, Pa. Slegel, Harry W., Birdsboro, R. 1, Pa. Sloan. Thomas C, Oxford. R. 3. Pa. Slusser. Floyd C. Nescopeck. R. 1. Pa. Smalley. L. R., Seabrook Farms, Bridgeton, N. J. Smeltzer, Emory, Windsor, R. 1, Pa. Smith, Clemon A., Nescopeck, R. D., Pa Smith. Edgar J., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Smith, Edward T., New Oxford, R. 2. Pa. Smith, Francis P., Hanover, R. 3. Pa. Smith, G. E., Bethlehem, R. 4, Pa. Smith, Harper, Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Smith, Harry M., Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Smith, John, York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Smith, John Brady, "The Patch," Wilming- ton, R. 1, Del. Smith. Karl A., York, R. 6, Pa. Smith, Oscar H., Myerstown, R. 3, Pa. Smith, Peter, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Smith, Philip S., Laughlintown, Pa. Smith, R. B., 1001 Mt. Vernon Ave , Hunt. ingdon. Pa. Smith, R. M., Agricultural Extension Assn Tionesta, Pa. Smith, Ray W., Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Smith, Robert W.. Felton, R. 1, Pa. Smith, Russell, Shrewsbury, Pa. Smith, Timothy, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Smith, W. H., Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Smith Canning Co., Pendleton, Ore. Smozinsky, R. C, Lewisburg, R. 3, Pa. Smucker, Benuel, Lancaster, R. 5, Pa. Snader, Jacob Z.. East Earl, R. 1, Pa. Snavely. Harry H., Willow Street, R. 1, Pa. Sneeringer, Paul. New Oxford. R. 2, Pa. Snider Packing Div., General Foods Corp (H. W. Slocum) , Mt. Morris, N. Y. Snider Packing Div. (Walter Enzie) , Albion. N. Y. Snyder, Carl, Elysburg, R. 1, Pa. Snyder, Charles, 514 Linden Ave., York, Pa Snyder, George H., Dallas, R. 3, Pa. Snyder, Guy, Lehighton, R. 2, Pa. Snyder, John B.. Columbia, R. 1, Pa. Snyder, Kenneth, Muncy, R. 1, Pa. Snyder, M. Luther, York, R. 6, Pa. Snyder, Robert J., Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Snyder, Roy, Lewisburg, R. 2, Pa. Snyder, Victor C, Pitman, Pa. Solly. Walter J., Ivyland, Pa. Sorber, William, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Southampton Nurseries. Southampton. Pa. Southern Packing Co., Inc. (W. E. Lamble, Jr.), Fell St., Baltimore 31. Md. Spahr. Morgan E., Thomasville, R. 1, Pa. Spangler. John M., Spring Grove, R. 3, Prf. Specca, David, By berry Road, Torresdale 14, Philadelphia, Pa. Specca, Romeo, Byberry Road, Torresdale, Philadelphia, Pa. Spencer, C. J., Dalton, R. 2, Pa. Spertzel, Ernest, Gardners, R. 2, Pa, Spertzel, Paul. York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Sprenkle. Harry, Menges Mills, Pa. Spruance, Preston Lea, Greenville Del. Spruance, Mrs. W. C, 2507 West 17th St.. Wilmington 73, Del. Spyker, Robert N., Reading, R. 2, Pa. Sray, William, McDonald, R. 2, Pa. Stackhouse. Arthur H., Yardley, Pa. Stafford, Edward E., 6419 Pinehurst Road, Baltimore 12. Md. Stahl, William. Lewisburg, R. 2, Pa. Stalder, Anna, Ivyland, Pa. Stambaugh, Fred, Alum Bank, Pa. Stambaugh, Herman, Thomasville, R. 2. Pa. Stambaugh, M. J., Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Stanton, J. Laird, Pttston, R. 1, Pa. Stanton, Lee. Pittston. R. 1, Pa. Stare, Paul, Woodbury, Pa. Starner. A. H., Gardners, R. 2, Pa. Starr, Chester, Three Springs, Pa. Starry, N. D., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. States Trucking, Croydon, R. 1, Pa. Stauffer. Harry W., Hellam, R. 1, Pa. StaufTer, Phares B., New Holland, R. 2, Pa. Stauflfer, R. C, Hanover. R. 3. Pa. StaufTer, William B.. Kutztown. R. 3. Pa. Stcigerwalt. Ralph R.. Lehighton. R. 2, Pa. Sterner. Curvin G.. Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Sterner, Gordon M., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Sterner, Maggie T., Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Sterner. Mrs. Sadie T.. Hanover. R. 2, Pa. Sterns, Guy, Bellefonte, R. 1, Pa. Stevenson, H. F., Waverly, Pa. Stewart. M. M., 1701 N. Front St., Harris- burg, Pa. Stine, John H., Seven Valleys, Pa. — 86 — qtitzel, G. Vance, Gardners, R. 1. Pa. St Marys Packing Company, The (Paul korn), Delphos. Ohio St. Mary's Packing Co. (J. J. Reynolds) , Holgate, Ohio St Mary's Packing Co. (J. Swanger) , Ohio Bldg.. Sydney, Ohio Stock. John. Martinsburg. R. 2, Pa. Stokeiy Foods. Inc. (W. C. Pressing). Cel- ine., Ohio ^ ^ ._ ,, ^. . Stokeiy Foods. Inc.. Norwalk. Ohio Stokeiy Foods. Inc.. Plain City, Ohio Stokeiy Foods, Inc.. West Jefferson. Ohio Stoker. William, Red Lion Rd.. Torresdale, Philadelphia 14, Pa. „ „ „ StolUfus, Amos E., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfiis, Amos E. & Stephen B. Stoltzfus, Elverson, R. 2, Pa. „ « ,^ Stoltzfus, Benjamin F., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, David G., Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Stoltzfus, Emanuel, Elverson, Pa. Stoltzfus. Fred D., Elverson, R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus. Israel. Kirkwood. R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus. Job. Elverson. R. 2. Pa. Stoltzfus. John E.. Narvon, R. 1. Pa. Stoltzfus, John J.. Elverson. R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus. Levi E.. Narvon, R. 1, Pa. Stoltzfus, Moses. Elverson. R. 2. Pa. Stoltzfus. Paul S.. Leola. Pa. Stoltzfus, Samuel F.. Morgantown. Pa. Stoltzfus, Stephen E.. Elverson. R. 2, Pa. Stoltzfus, Urie, Elverson. R. 2. Pa. Stoltzfus. William. Bareville. R. 1. Pa. Stone. Harry E., Burnside Ave, Norristown, R 1 Pa. Stonebraker, Kenneth. Indiana. R. 1, Pa. Stonerook. D. I.. Martinsburg. R. 1. Pa. Stoppard. Russell L.. Dover. R. 1, Pa. Stottlemyer. A. B.. Paradise. R. 1, Pa. Stouck, Wilford, York, R. 1, Pa. Stough. C. Paul. York. R. 4. Pa. Stough. Ivan, Glen Rock, R. 2, Pa. Stough. Richard S.. Dover. R. 2, Pa. Stough. W. H.. York, R. 1. Pa. Stough. William J.. Thomasville. R. 1. Pa. Stout. C. F. C, Room 601, 1600 Arch Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Stout, G. J., State College, Pa. Stover. Allen, Spring Grove, R. 1, Pa. Stover, Harry, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Stover. Kermit F., Smullton, Pa. Stover. J. Philip, Bellefonte, R. 2. Pa. Stradzus. Walter, Shickshinny, R. 2. Pa. Strausbaugh. George S., Hanover. R. 3. Pa. Strausbaugh, Norman H.. Hanover. R. 2. Pa. Strayer. Dale, New Oxford. R. 1. Pa. Stremmel. Joseph, Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Strewig. Clarence, Glen Rock. R. D.. Pa. Strock. Clark S.. Springtown, Pa. Strong, Samuel Z., Mechanicsburg. R. 3, Pa. Strong, W. O.. Farm School. Pa. Struble. Jay. Bellefonte. Pa. Stryker, E. E.. Montgomery. R. 2. Pa Stutzman. Guy, Indiana, R. 4. Pa. Stutzman, Louis D., Homer City. R. 1, Pa. Stutzman. R. B.. Cramer. Pa. Sudds. R. H.. Dept. of Horticulture. Mor- gantown. W. Va. Sunday. W. P., York. R. 4. Pa. Surgent Bros.. Freehold. R. 3. N. J. Sutliff, E. Dana. Shickshinny. R. 1, Pa. Sutliflf, Frank. Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Sutliff, Willard, Shickshinny. Pa. Sutter, John, 470 Orange St.. Forty Fort. Pa. Sutter. John. 47 Owens St.. Forty Fort. Pa. 5>wartley. Howard H., Blooming Glen, Bucks County, Pa. Swartwood, Morris, Dalton, R. 2, Pa. owartz, Charles, New Freedom, R. 2. Pa. Swartz, C. M., Gardners, R. 1, Pa. Swartz, John, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Swartzentruber, Allen, Mertztown, R. 1, Pa. Sweitzer, Carroll H., New Freedom, R. 2, Pa. Sweitzer, Clayton A., Marietta, R. 1, Pa. Swemly, Willis J.. Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Switzer, John, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Sytnik, Carl. Yardley. R. 1, Pa. Szklenski, Frank, Harbor Creek, Pa. Szolack, Joseph, Twin Maple Farm, New- town, Pa. Taylor & Caldwell, Inc. (H. P. Taylor) , Wal- kerton, Va. Taylor, Ferman, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Taylor. Lloyd, Homer City, R. 2, Pa. Tebbs, Fred, Jr., Montgomery, R. 1, Pa. Teter, Guy, Zions Grove, Pa. Thoman, Earl, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Thomas & Company (E. F. Thomas). 71 E. South St.. Frederick. Md.) Thomas & Company (G. F. Thomas), 71 E. South St., Frederick, Md. Thomas, A. L., East Berlin. R. 2. Pa. Thomas. Charles E.. 558 Grove Ave., Johns- town, Pa. Thomas, Clayton N., Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. Thomas, D. E., Orangeville, R. 1, Pa. Thomas, Earl, Spring Grove, R. 3, Pa. Thomas, Lester, Spring Grove, R. 3. Pa. Thomas. William A., Y.M.C.A., Tyrone. Pa. Thompson, Alvan C, Morrisville, R. 1, Pa. Thompson, John C, Richboro Road, R. D. 2, Newtown. Pa. ^ „ Thompson, Nelson H., Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Thompson, Robert, Clarks Summit, R. 2. Pa^ Thompson. W. R. & H. X, Williamsport, R. 1, Pa. Thuma, B. E., Marietta, R. 1, Pa. Tomlinson. Robert K., Westtown School, Westtown. Pa. Tomlinson, Samuel F., Newtown, R. 1, Pa. Topper, Paul H., Gettysburg, R. 4, Pa. Torsch Canning Co. (F. A. Torsch), Balti- more, Md. Tracey, J. Earle, Freeland, Md. Trask, Mrs. John E. D., 2024 Spruce Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Trauger, H. A., Torrance, Pa. Trax & Sons, R. L., Library, Pa. Tressler, Dean, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Tressler, Frank, Conyngham, Pa. Tressler, Harrison, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Tressler, John, Sybertsville, Pa. Tri-State Packers' Assn., Inc. (Frank M. Shook), Box 738, Easton, Md. Trone, Arthur H., Spring Grove. R. 2. Pa. Trone. John C Spring Grove. R. 2, Pa. Trostle, Harry E., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Trout, Roy H., Stewartstown, R. 3, Pa. Tunnell & Company, Inc.. F. W. (G. R. Mar- shall. Jr.), 15 North Fifth St., Philadel- phia 6, Pa. Turnbach, Charles, Sugarloaf, R. D., Pa. Twining, N. Stanley, Newtown, R. 1. Pa. Twins, Motor, 240 S. Main St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Twist, Frank S., 464 Third St., Northumber- land, Pa. Tyson, Edwin C, Flora Dale, Pa. Tyson, Henry, Lititz, R. 3, Pa. Tyson, John I., Red Lion, R. 1, Pa. Ulrich, William, 923 S. 17th St., Harrlsburg, Pa. Umberger, P. W., 199 Walnut St.. Lebanon, Pa. Underwood, F. O., Garden Seed Service Co- operative, G.L.F. Mills, Inc., 1001 W. Sen- eca St., Ithaca, N. Y. Updyke, Fred, Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. , f i> ill 87 — 'r Utz. Harold R., Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Vandenberg, G. B., Rohm & Haas Co., Bris- tol, Pa. Van Tuyle, Harold, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Van Tuyle, Leon C, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Van Tuyle, Jack, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Vargo, Stephen, Jr., Newtown, R. D., Pa. Vaughan's Seed Store (C. F. Keegan), 47-49 Barclay St., New York 7, N. Y. Veith, Adam, Falls, Pa. Vogelear, Martin, River Ridge Farm, Frank- lin, Pa. Voight, M. J., 613 East Main St., Waupun, Wis. Vonada, Miles, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Vosler, E. B., Hunlock Creek, R. 1, Pa. Wagaman, Maurice L., Abbottstown, R. 1, Pa. Wagaman, Philip J., Abbottstown, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Bruce, York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Carl D., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Clark, Dillsburg, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Curvin E., Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Wagner, G. H., New Freedom, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, Harry, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Wagner, John, Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Wagner, L. S., North East, Pa. Wagner, R. K., New Florence, Pa. Wagner, Woodrow W., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Walk, Earl, Conestoga, R. 2, Pa. Walker, Eugene, Harris Twp., R. D.l, Spring Mills, Pa. Walp, Fred, Drums, Pa. Walsh, James, Spring Grove, R, 1, Pa. Walter, Carl M., Claysburg, R. 1, Pa. Walters, Woodrow W., Seven Valleys, R. 2, Pa. WaltersdorfT, Norman W,, Menges Mills. Pa. Waltersdorf, M. J., Mt. Wolf, R. 1, Pa. Waltz, R. G., Norristown , Pa. Wandel, Blaine, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Warehime, Alan, Hanover, Pa. Warfel, B. S., Drumore, R. 1, Pa. Warfield, Edwin, Jr., Woodbine. Md. War Manpower Commission, 1835 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Warner, Clarence E., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Warner, Clark, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Warner, George A,, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Warner, Milton M., Brodbecks, R. 1, Pa. Warner Ralph, Brodbecks. R. 1, Pa. Warren State Hospital (Library), North ^Varren Pa Wassell, Mrs. William S., 133 Old Gulph Rd., Wynnewood, Pa. Wasson, E. G., State College, R. 1, Pa. Wasson, James E., Box 26, Madisonburg, Pa. Watkins, R. G., Box 128, Wilkes-Barre, Pa Watts, Gilbert S., Bellwood, Pa. Watts, James M., Woodville State Hospital. Woodvllle, Pa. Watts, R. L., 225 E. Foster Ave., State Col- lege, Pa. Waupun Canning Company, Waupun. Wis. Way, Charles H., Bellefonte. R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Frank L., Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Weaver, Harry H., Ephrata, R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Ivan G., Lebanon, R. 5, Pa. Weaver, James E., New Oxford, R. 2, Pa. Weaver, Lewis, York, R. 1, Pa. Weaver, L. O., Buckhout Lab.. State Col- lege Pa Weaver, Levi A., 362 West Main St., New Holland, Pa. Weaver, Levi M., Lancaster, R. 3, Pa. Weaver, Merril, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa Weaver, Mervin, Littlestown, R. 2, Pa Weaver, Paul, Quarryville, Pa. Weaver, Stanley J., 139 Second St., Cata- sauqua. Pa. Weaver, Willas, Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Weber, Charles E., HoUidaysburg, R. l, Pg Weber, George G., Federal Bldg., York Pa Weber, Stanford, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Weichel, John H., 505 W. Walnut St., Lan- caster. Pa. Weight, George E., Bellefonte, R. 1, Pa. Weigle, Meade, Mechanicsburg, R. 2, Pa Weikert, M. D., Gettysburg, R. 5, Pa. Weinschenk, J. I., New Castle, R. 1, Pa. Weitzel, Harry M., Mechanicsburg, R. 3, pj Welch Grape Juice Company, The (R. h Morgenstern), Westfield, N. Y. Wenger, Allen W., Lebanon, R. 1, Pa. Wenker, Harold E., Welsh Rd., Bustleton Philadelphia 15, Pa. Wenker, Ray W., Bustleton, Philadelphia 15. Pa. Wenker. William, Welsh Road, Bustleton Philadelphia 15, Pa. Wenner, John, Huntington Mills, Pa. Wentz Bros., Ambler, Pa. Wentz, George A., Lineboro, Md. Wentz, Jesse M., Hanover, R, 2, Pa. Wentz, Walter E., Jr., 19 W. Baltimore Ave.. Media, Pa. W^entzel, Foster E., Selinsgrove, Pa. Werner, Ralph F., Brodbecks, Pa. Wert, Harry E., Lewisburg, R. 1, Pa. West Salem Canning Co. (Mr. MacEldown- ey). West Salem, Wis. Wetzel, Harry, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Wetzel, Leroy W., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Wheeland, Chester C, 1400 Northway Road. Williamsport, Pa. Whitacre, William R., Hort. Bldg., State College, Pa. Whitaker. Tristram Coffin, Green Tree Flower Gardens. 5343 Greene St., Ger- mantown. Philadelphia 44, Pa. Whitcomb, Paul H., York, R. 4, Pa. White, Don W., Cedarhurst Lane. Milford. Conn. White. Epley. Bellefonte. R. 3. Pa. White, William & William B., Comwell Heights, Pa. White, W. R., 734 McKee St.. State College. Pa. Whitecraft. George W.. Eddlngton, Pa. Whitenight. Harold A.. Bloomsburg, R. 1. Pa. Whitenight. Myron, 816 Market St., Blooms- burg, Pa. Whiteside, Norman E., Oxford, R. 2, Pa Wiggins, A. W., Clarks Summit, R. 2, Pa. Wiggins. Charles S., Albion, Pa. Wildasin, Charles L., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Wildasln, Ezra, Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Wildasin, Henry, 286 W. Walnut St., Han- over, Pa. Wildasin, J. Earl, Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Wilhelm, H. W., Abbottstown, R. 1. Pa. Wilkinson, Harold. Shickshinny, R. 2. Pa. Wilkinson, Robert R., 703 So. 25th Street. Harrisburg, Pa. Williams, A. B. C, York Springs, Pa. Williams, L. A., York Springs, R. 1, Pa. Williams, Lewis. Hunlock Creek, R. 1. Pa- Williams, Oliver, Wilkes-Barre. R. 1. Bo.v 165, Pa. Williams. Percy S., Camp Hill. R. 1. Pa. Williams. Dr. R. W., 5757 N. 5th St., Phila- delphia 20, Pa. Wlllits, James H., Moorestown, N. J. Wlllson, John M., Fayette City, R. 1. Pa- Wilson, Earl F. Lancaster, R. 6, Pa. — 88 — Wilson, Irvln L., Hanover, R. 2, Pa. Wilson, Dr. J. J., H. J. Heinz Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Wilson, William H., Agricultural Extension Office, Doylestown, Pa. Winchester Canning Co. (Norman Spain), Canal Winchester, Ohio Winebrenner Company, D. E., Hanover, Fa. Wineka, Eli F., Red Lion, R. 2, Pa. Wingert, Solomon, Fayetteville, R. 1, Pa. Wink, Willis W., Bristol, R. 1, Pa. Winkelblech, P. M., Aaronsburg, Pa. Winorr Canning Company, The (C. R. Barn- hart), Circlevllle, Ohio Winorr Canning Company, The (Howard Moll), Wauseon, Ohio Winters, Oscar, 998 Carlisle St., Hanover, Pa. Wisconsin Canners Assn., (Marvin P. Ver- hulst), 1003 Tenney Bldg.. Madison, Wis. Wise. J. Harvey. Commodore, Pa. Witherite, Rubin, Bellefonte, R. 2, Pa. Wittensoldner, Louis, McKnight Road, Mill- vale, R. 4, Pa. Witwer, Walter S., Gordonvllle, R. 1, Pa. Wohlgemuth. Richard. North Girard, Pa. Wohleber. Stephen. 3064 Mt. Troy Road, N. S., Pittsburgh 12, Pa. Wolf. Alfred, New Freedom. R. 1. Pa. Wolf. Mrs. Elias, Spring Run Farm, Dresh- er Pa. Wolf. George. New Freedom. R. 1, Pa. Wolf. Harold E.. York Springs. R. 1, Pa. Wolf. Harold and Wayne, York Springs. R. 1 Pa. Wolf. Wilmer H., Gardners, R. 2. Pa. Wolfe, Clarence. Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Wolfe, Dorman E., Dallas, R. 2, Pa. Wolfe. Jonas H., Hampton, Pa. Wolfe, R. Eugene, Spring Mills, Pa. Wolfe, Walter, Dallas, R. 2, Pa. Wolfe, Wendell R., Mifflinburg, R. 1, Pa. Wolgemuth. C. M., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Wolgemuth, Joseph M., Mt. Joy, Pa. Wolgemuth, Joseph M., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. .Wolgemuth, L. H., Mt. Joy, R. 1, Pa. Wonder, George E., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Wonder, Ralph H., Hanover, R. 3, Pa. Wood, Mrs. Richard D., 2100 Locust Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Woodruflf & Sons, F. H., Inc., Milford. Conn. Woods Cross Canning Co. (V. E. Moss). Box 127, Clearfield, Utah Woods. E. Wilmer, R. D. 2, Box 232-A, Con- nellsville. Pa. Worcester Salt Company (Herman J. Fir- stin), 939 No. Delaware Ave., Philadel- phia 23, Pa. Work. Dr. Paul, 310 Elmwood Ave., Ithaca, New York Workinger, Edward. Windsor. R. 1. Pa. Worklnger, Joseph, Red Lion, Pa. Workinger, W. C, Red Lion, Pa. Worley, Charles H., Hanover, R. 4. Pa. Worrell, Miss Harriet E., 3415 Race Street, Philadelphia 4, Pa. Worssam, Frank H., 124 Leon Ave., Nor- wood, Pa. Wotring, Warren T., Mertztown, R. 1, Pa. Woznock, Andrew R., Berwick, R. 1, Pa. Wright, Dr. F. W., 113 Eichelberger Street, Hanover, Pa. Wright, Jasper H., Star Route, Huntingdon. Pa. Wright, Sidney, 517 Northampton Street, Kingston, Pa. Writer, Richard, McAlisterville, Pa. Wyble, Albert, Millersville, R. 1, Pa. Yalick Bros., 250 Union St., Luzerne, Pa. Yanosik, William, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Yamall, Joseph M., Cochranville, R. 2, Pa. Yeagle, John P., Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Yeagle, Walter, Bristol, R. 2, Pa. Yeagy, Ralph E., York Springs. R. 2, Pa. Yeagy, R. E., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Yearick, Nevin A., Howard, Pa. Yerger, Claude R., Apollo, R. 3, Pa. Yerkes, Harry H., Oxford, R. 3, Pa. Yerkes, Morris H., Southampton. Pa. Yerkes, William H., Jr., Buckingham. Pa. Yetter, J. F., Buckingham Valley P. O., Bucks County, Pa. Yingling, H. E.. Spring Grove. R. 3, Pa. Yoder, Harold O., Mechanicsburg, R. 2. Pa. Yoder, Ira L., Box 117, Middleburg, Pa. Yoder, Jonas, Boyertown, R. 2, Pa. Yoder, Rufus W., P. O. Box 374, Salem. N. J. Yohe, William J.. Spring Grove. R. 3. Pa. Yohn. S. H., Dillsburg. R. 1, Pa. Young, Clarence E.. Lancaster, R. 2, Pa. Young, Reeder M.. Washington Boro, Pa. Yurish, Andrew, Pittston, R. 1, Pa. Yurko and Martushek, 484 Church Street, Swoyerville, Pa. Zartman, Ervin, Spring Grove, R. 2, Pa. Zehner, Warren F.. Sugar Loaf. Pa. Zeibel, A. G., Ambridge, Pa. Zeigler, Charles H., Freeland. Md. Zeigler, Ralph R., Mlllheim, R. 1, Pa. Zeigler, William G., Spring Grove, R. 1. Pa. Zelecki, Walter, Benton, R. 1, Pa. Zellers. Daniel E., Felton, R. 1, Pa. Zepp, John, Jr., York Springs, R. 2, Pa. Zerby, Henry, Millheim, Pa. Zeveney, Al, Shickshinny, R. 2, Pa. Ziesloft, J. M., Jerseytown, Pa. Zimmerman, B. F., Ringtown, Pa. Zimmerman, Harvey M., Ephrata, R. 3, Pa. Zink, George D., 432 Horace Ave., Palmyra, New Jersey Zinn, Chester A., York, R. 6, Pa. Zook. Jacob. Oley, Pa. Zook. Joel. Gap, R. 1, Pa. Zook. Morris. Honey Brook, Pa. Zook, Omar, Manatawny, Pa. Zuber, Charles, Shickshinny, R. 1, Pa. Zumbrum, Raymond H , Hanover, R. 2. Pa. Are Your Ready? Membership for 1946 is now acceptable: $1.00 a year or $1.25 with the News (5 issues) and 12 issues of the Market Growers Journal. To avoid a lapse in the Market Growers Journal, send $5.00 for a 4-year membership with both the News and M. G. J., continuously. Start now for 10«000 members in 1946. — 89 — . \\ w I m Index to Advertisers Canners „ i r. Mifflin County Packing Company Farm Equipment A. B. Farquhar Company 18 22 Feiriilizeir The American Agricultural Chemical Company 20 Armour Fertilizer Works {2 Lancaster Bone Fertilizer Company l» Reading Bone Fertilizer Company 40 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corporation ob Union Fertilizer Corporation 26 Food Brokers ^« B. Meier & Son, Inc ^j Albert C. Roemhild ^4 Food Stores American Stores Company Penn Fruit Company Insecticides and Fungicides, Dusters and Sprayers Chipman Mfg. Company Dow Chemical Company Niagara Sprayer and Chemical Company Pennsylvania Farm Bureau Cooperative Association Tobacco By-Products and Chemical Corporation 16 66 36 30 54 60 26 Insurance _ ., t^ i ^^ G. L. Booker, Superintendent, Hail Dept Inside Back Cover Irrigation Supplies ^ Buckner Manufacturing Company J California Corrugated Culvert Company ^j Hamilton & Company ^ Preservatives Cuprinol, Inc. 70 Seed and Plants Associated Seed Growers, Inc • • .... • • • • • • • • • • ^° W. A. Burpee Company Inside Front Cover Click's Seed and Plant Farms 60 Joseph Harris Company 55 Holmes Seed Company *5 Huntington Brothers 34 Schell's Seed House . . ." Back Cover Francis C. Stokes, Ltd 5n .... 40 ; . . . . 52 28 Stumpp & Walter Company Tapperson Seed Company . F. H. Woodruff & Sons Soil Testers LaMotte Chemical Products Company Sprayers and Washers John Bean Manufacturing Company . Felins The F. E. Myers & Brothers Company 40 48 31 50 — 90 — PENNSYLVANIA VEGETABLE GROWERS NEWS PUBLISHED— JANUARY. MARCH, MAY. JULY AND DECEMBER I Vol. XV 625 Holmes St., State College, Pa., December, 1945 No. 5 A Publication of The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Assodation Annual Membership — $1.00. Single Copy — 25c Entered as second-class matter March 28, 1942 at the post office at State College, Pennsylvania, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Annual dues are $1.00, 80 cents of which is for subscription to the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' News. Published January. March, May, July and December. IN THIS ISSUE An Urgent Message 4 Annual Meeting 5 New Oliver Plow 8 V. G. A. of A. Convention 8 H. S. Becker 8 Pea Club Winners 9 Processors Participating 9 Pea Club County Totals 10 10-Ton, 5 Acre Pea Yields 11 Fruit and Vegetable Fieldmens* Conference 12 Quality-Yield Pea Growers 13 Penna. Spring Weather 21 Pea Production Practices 22 Cost of Producing Peas 30 Working Together 34 Good Pea Seed 37 Longreen Snapbean, All- America 39 Wisconsin Pea Breeding Program 41 Wando Pea 44 Diseases of Peas in Penna .46 A Pea is Born 49 A Service to Growers 52 Skim-milk Peas 55 Pea Diseases in New York 61 High Quality Peas 64 Crop Service 66 Jefferson and Venango Pea Growers 69 Taking Headaches out of Pea Growing 72 Seeding 720,000 Alaska Peas per Acre 74 Making Pea Growing Pay 76 Production Problems of Peas ... 79 Band Placement of Fertilizer for Peas 82 Fighting the Weeds 84 Sinox for Peas 87 Controlling Weeds in Carrots . . 89 Yields of Market Peas, Factors Influencing 91 Growing Peas in Pennsylvania — A Record 92 The Pea Aphid 94 Pea Aphid Control in York County 95 Aerosol Sprays for Pea Aphid . . 97 DDT, Some Facts About 100 Prepare for Speedy Harvest ... 101 Harvester for Speedy Cutting and Windrowing 103 New Pea Harvesting Machine . . . 106 Feeding Value of Pea-Vine Silage 106 Quality for the Keystone State. .107 Factors Affecting Pea Quality for Freezing 109 Services to Pea Growers 110 Pea Grades for 1945 Ill Rotary Tillage 112 Outlook for Processed Vege- tables 113 Front Cover: Hume Pea Harvester and Green Crop Loader (Irv. Courtice). — 3 — • • \' 1 /' *• IRREGULAR PAGINATION o i-^r 151 Wright, W. Horace, Quarryville, R. 2 13.6 i.oi ^ NkiiJX'bert, Bellefonte, R. 2 6 1.91 HIGHEST QUALITY-ALASKA VARIETY Honor--County rZfnn ryeracre Name and Address Grown per acre First— Lancaster „ ^ n -d i 79 1 S2 Kreider, Stanley E., Quarryville, R. 1 v.z i.o^ Second — Adams . « ^ a 1 o*! Brough, Paul, York Sprmgs, R. 1 4 i.zo Third— Adams ^ ^ j « « q 1 47 Sneeringer, Paul, New Oxford, R. 2 ^ a.^/ Fourth— York , „ « « 1 40 Innerst, Amos L., York, R. 2 6 1.4^ Fifth — Lancaster « „ ^ ^.r Wood, Norman, Peach Bottom •J-^ ^-"^ Fancy 100 99 99 99 98 % Ex. Std. 95 94 90 90 87 PROCESSORS PARTICIPATING IN THE 1945 QUALITY- YIELD PEA CLUB PROGRAM Bloomsburg Packing Company, Bloomsburg Campbell Soup Company, Camden, N. J. Consumer Packing Company, Lancaster • Cooperative G.L.F. Columbia Farm Products, Inc., Bloomsburg Deerfield Packing Corporation, Bridgeton, N. J. Gibbs and Company, Baltimore, Md. Hanover Canning Company, Hanover Mifflin County Packing Company, Reedsville Somerset Canning Corporation, The, Somerset Summers, Jr., Charles G., New Freedom Winebrenner Company, D. E., Hanover — 9 — m ' n , I ; >. i n^» Jl 1' LARGEST YIELD WITH QUALITY-SWEET VARIETIES Honor— County Name and Address Acres Grown First— Lancaster . in Eckert, P. C, Christiana Second— Centre „ „ , . „ « 5 Corman, Ray, Bellefonte, R. 2 Third — Lancaster o Warfel & Son, F. F., Drumore ^ Fourth— Chester , .,, 5 Keller, Paul, Cochranville » Fifth— Chester „ „ , , ^ u 1 5 Mendenhall, W. E., Parkesburg, R. 1 ^ Tons per Acre 3.06 3.06 2.82 2.77 2.65 % Fancy 70 80 70* 70* T^^^r more. Fancy sweet varieties or Extra Standard Alaska. * Exact % above 70 not given by processor. LARGEST YIELD WITH QUALITY-ALASKA VA^^^^ Acres Grown Honor— County Name and Address First — York ,^ ^t -do 4 5 Dusman, George H., Hanover, R. 2 ^^ Second — Lancaster ^ g Cameron, Herman G., Peach Bottom «J.o Myers, Elmer and Frank Miller, Seven Valleys, R. 2 Fourth— York a Dusman, J. W., Hanover, R. 2 « Fifth— Lancaster . ^ „ . qo Shuler, C. W., Nottingham, R. 1 ^-^ % per acre Ex. Std, 2.50 2.34 2.20 2.18 2.18 71 86 77 76 70 70%, or more. Extra Standard. QUALITY-YIELD PEA RECORDS BY COUNTIES IN 1945 Adams Berks Bucks Blair Centre Chester Columbia ^^ Dauphin ^^ Lancaster 15 9 1 1 22 75 Lebanon Lehigh Mifflin Montour Northumberland Snyder Union York 11 4 4 4 1 1 27 52 75 Pennsylvania (Total) 327 — 10 — Ten Tons of Peas per Five Acres, or More Any Variety Acres Tons ^'ffe and Address Grown per Acre ^ Murren, Paul, Hanover, R. 4 7 2.27 ^Krill, John, Myerstown^ R. 3 15 2.26 Schaeffer, Charles H., Oley, R. 1 7.25 z.io ^Corman, Roy, Bellefonte, R . 2 5 3.06 Decker and Reist, Centre Hall 12 ^u Frankenberger, Orvis Millheim 6 ^.^^ Grazier, Russell, Millheim . » ^-^^ Barter, Allen, Bellefonte, R 2 7 2.19 Miller, J. Maurice, Spring Mills 14 ^-U Smith, Harry M., Bel efonte, R . 2 8 2.29 Tressler, Harrison, Bellefonte, R. 2 8 ^- a^ Vonada, Miles, Bellefonte, R. 2 0 ^-^^ ^ E^?ng, Wm. B., Jr., West Grove 15 2.33 Fulton, Sarah I., Oxford, R. 3 . . 8 ^M Funderwhite, Bryan, Cochranville 8 ^-^^ Halsey. Chas. G., West Grove 8 ^.u/ Handy, Fannie M., West Grove 8 z.i» Hill, M. v., Landenburg ^ ^-^^ Hood. B. L., West Grove 10 2.18 Keller, Paul, Cochranville . . . » ij/ ' Lindsey, J. Hayes Oxford R. 2 5 2.U5 McClellan, J. Parke, Cochranville 25 ^.^o McCue, Harold P., Avondale 13 ^.^' Maccabees Home Farms, Chatham 12 ^-^^ Maple Hedge Farms, Kelton 12 ^^^ Mendenhall, W. E., Parkesburg, R. 1 5 ^.b^ Prange, Walter, Oxford, R. 1 I ^'\i. Pyle, Leland, Cochranville » ^'^' Reefers, Howard N., West Grove o ^.^^ Shivery, Taylor, Cochranville Ij ^"^ Spotts, W. M., Cochranville 6 z.oy Thompson, T. Phillips, Parkesburg 8 ^.^» Wagoner, J. Oscar, Oxford, R. 1 6 ^.^^ Webster. Clarence C. Cochranville 7 ^.o' Whiteside, Irwin. Oxford, R. 1 J ^^^ Wilhams, Paul G.. Cochranville 7 ^.1^ Williams, Paul T., Oxford, R. 1 13 ^f^ Worth, Joseph B., West-Grove o -^.i^ Columbia - 9 or| Creveling, Sam, Orangeville » 919 Getty, Ralph, Catawissa. R. 2 5 ^-^^ Lancaster -^ 94ft Best, Joseoh W., Kirkwood 10 ^.^o Brinton, Loran, Kirkwood • ^ ^^S Bunting and Anderson. Oxford. R. 2 10 z.z^ Cameron, Herman G., Peach Bottom 3.b -^.^^ Eckert, P. C, Christiana, R. D. 10 ^"^ Fckman, Marion, Conowingo, R. 1, Md ^.b ^-^J Ferpuson. Cyrus B., Oxford. R. 1 10 . ^'^% Garber, Snavely, Lancaster, R. 4 8 ^-^^ — 11 — (59) % ■ 1 Fancy ^^^^H Ex. Std. 1 76 ^^^1 71 \mm 82 70 y H 70 '^1 71 70 1 ^^^^1 95 4 ^^1 73 **l 82 75 ^H 90 ' ^^1 70* " ' P 70* 1 70* • 1 70* 1 70* A 1 70* 1 70* ■ 70* I 70* H 70* I 70* I 70* ^1 70* 70* ' ^1 70* 1 70* I 70* 1 1 70* ' 1 70* 1 70* ' 1 . 1 70* I 70* N ;1 70* 1 70* I 70* 70* • % 1 70 11 80 70* 1' ! 70* 4 ■ 70* 86 I i 70* ii 72 70* ( 70* n « I' I !!' Lancaster County— (Continued) County ^ . ,, ^^^ Grown Name and Addross ^ _, ^ a Herr, Richard, Lancaster, R. 6 " Hershey, Jacob R., Quarry viUe, R. 1 5-^ Landis, James R., Lancaster R. .^ ^ Latham, Edgar, Oxford, R. 1 ...••• ^g Warfel & Son, B. F. D^^^^^^'p^o^ i^ Whiteside, Norman E., Oxford, R. 2 i^ Lebanon . «, . S Krall, Warren A., Myerstown » ^Feaster, Donald, Lewisburg, R. 2 5 Miller, L. Dice, Lewisburg, R. 1 ^ Dusman, J. W., Hanover, R- f 8 Hostetter, Irwin, Thomasville, R. 1 ^^ Tons per Acre 2.14 2.20 2.53 2.02 2.82 2.18 2.37 2.01 2.07 2.18 2.39 % Fancy Ex, Std. 10* 92 70* 70* 80 70* 70 75 72 76 77 Wilson C. Dickson Field Service Department Hanover Canning Company Acknowledgement is given for promptness, accuracy and com- pleteness of field records. Fruit and Vegetable Fieldmens' Conference Nittany Lion Inn, State College, Penna. Starting at noon January 29 and continuing to noon January 31, 1946 Subjects: Jan. 29 —Research Reports. Jan. 30 a.m.-Inspection Service, Quality Improvement, Fruit. p.m.— Soil Fertility, Equipment. Evening— Banquet, Service Salesmanship. Jan. 31 a.m.— Tomato Plants. — 12 — Pennsylvania Quality-Yield Pea Growers in 1945^ County, Name and Address ^B^tm, Sylvester, Gardners, R. 2 Brough, Paul, York Springs, R. 1 Forney, P. N. and Wagner, W., Gettysburg, R. 4 Frey. John E., Abbottstown, R. 1 > Griest, John L., New Oxford, R. 1 Groft, William J. and Sisters of St. Joseph, Hanover, R. 4 Grove, Russell, Gardners, R. 2 Grove, W. E., York Springs Harbold, Ervin L., York Springs, R. 1 King, Charles W., York Springs, R. 1 Murren. Paul, Hanover, R- 4 , Reber, Vena R., New Oxford, R. 1 Sneeringer, Paul. New Oxford, R. 2 West, Opie and John R. Bellamy, Littlestown, R. 2 Wolf, Wilmer H., Gardners, R. 2 Dunkelberger, George, Bernville Hertzler, David K. and Norman, Elverson, R. 2 Krill, John, Mverstown, R. 3 Kurtz, C. J., Elverson, R. 2 Levingood, Daniel S., Oley, R. 2 Schaeffer, Charles H., Oley, R. 1 Stoltzfus, John S., Elverson, R. 2 Strunk, John D.. Barto, R. 1 Yoder, David N., Manatawny Bucki^l Geissinger, Clarence L., Quakertown, R. 2 Blair —1 Watts, Gilbert S., Bellwood Centre— 22 ^^.,, Bailey, Edward, Spring Mills Bair, Raymond, Smullton Brennan, Russell, State College Breon, Harold T., Spring Mills Brooks, Frank A^ Bellefonte, R. 2 Brooks, Guy R., Centre Hall Gorman, Ray, Bellefonte, R. 2 Decker and Reist, Centre Hall Frankenberger, Orvis, Millheim Grazier, Russell, Millheim Barter, Allen, Bellefonte, R. 2 Houck, E. M., Bellefonte, R. 3 Miller, J. Maurice, Spring Mills Musser, Charlotte, Bellefonte, R. 2 Nielle, Hubert, Bellefonte, R. 2 Variety Acres Tons per Fancy Acre Ex. Std. Sweet Alaska Alaska Alaska Alaska Sweet Sweet Alaska Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Alaska Sweet Alaska Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet 3 4 3.5 3 3 8 5 10 12 3 4 7 5 3 6 3 11 15 6 3 7.25 13 9 3 3 28 4 5 4 23 3 20 5 12 6 8 7 6 14 5 6 1.60 1.25 1.93 1.86 1.39 1.27 1.25 1.46 1.66 1.67 1.85 2.27 1.86 1.47 1.64 1.39 1.46 2.26 1.41 2.23 2.16 1.41 1.87 1.79 1.39 1.5 1.76 2.25 1.51 1.98 1.75 3.06 2.0 2.25 2.25 2.19 1.66 2.0 1.99 1.91 99% 93 73 82 76 79 91 71 73 70 72 76 71 90 95 70 4.5 1.39 79 86 71 75 74 82 77 80 92 80 1.71 71 75 70 78 90 92 77 70 70 71 70 95 98 73 85 98 X 3 or more acres. 1.25 or more tons per acre. 70% or more Fancy Sweets or Extra Standard Alaslcas. — 13 — . ■ . • I Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Centre County — (Continued) County, Name and Address Smith, Harry M., Bellefonte, R. 2 Strouse, John, Spring Mills Thompson, Paul W., Millheim Tressler, Harrison, Bellefonte, R. 2 Vonada, Miles, Bellefonte, R. 2 Weber, Stanford, Bellefonte, R. 2 Yearick, Nevin, Howard Chester— 75 Abernethy, J. C, West Grove Allright, Rhea J., Cochranville Andrews. O. M., Cochranville Bacchetta, Vincent, Avondale Beitler, J. H., West Grove Bentley, Norman, Lincoln University Bertrando Bros., Toughkenamon Broadwater, L. H., Avondale Brown, Lewis P., West Grove Bryson, Howard, Cochranville Buffington, Edward, Oxford, R. 3 Chase, E. Harvey, Oxford, R. 2 Pea Growers in 1945 Tons per Fancy Variety Acres Acre Ex. Std, Sweet 8 2.29 82 Sweet 4 1.25 92 Sweet 9 1.5 70 Sweet 8 2.13 75 Sweet 5 2.40 90 Sweet 5 1.55 75 Sweet 15 1.35 76 Sweet 5 1.53 70* Sweet 4 • 1.78 70* Sweet 4 1.34 70* Sweet 10 1.71 70* Sweet 10 1.71 70* Sweet 12 1.66 70* Sweet 10 1.59 70* Sweet 12 1.78 70* Sweet 16 1.77 70* Sweet 4 1.38 70* Sweet 6 1.39 70* Sweet 28 1.85 70* • 70% or above, according to contractor, exact figure unknown. J. KEENE SAULSBURY, President A. ROLAND THOMPSON. Secretary A. REED HAYES, JR.. Treasurer MIFFLIN COUNTY PACKING CO. PENNSYLVANIA PACKED VEGETABLES REEDSVILLE. PA. — 14 — Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Pea Growers in 1945 County y Name and Address Chester County — (Continued) Cheek, John C, Oxford Clark, Chas. B., Cochranville Cochran, D. F., Cochranville Crowell, A and T., Avondale Cullen, George S., Elkview Dale, John C, Oxford, R. 1 Dayton, S. S., Cochranville, R. 1 Errett, Wm. C, Chatham Ewing, Wm. B., Jr., West Grove Pagan, Frank M., Oxford Fulton, Sarah I., Oxford, R. 3 Funderwhite, Bryan, Cochranville Gamble, Bluine, West Grove Goodwin, E. H., West Grove Halsey, Chas. G., West Grove Handy, Fannie M., West Grove Hitt, M. v., Landenberg Hood, B. L., West Grove Hood. Roland P., West Grove Hubler, Frank, Cockranville Hutchison, Wm. G., West Grove Janney, Lee B., Oxford Jones, Gordon P., Avondale Keller, Paul, Cochranville Kelley, Harry C, Cochranville, R. 1 Light, David H., Cochranville Lindsey, J. Hayes, Oxford, R. 2 McClellan, J. Parke, Cochranville McCue, Harold P., Avondale Maccabees Home Farms, Chatham Maple Hedge Farms, Kelton Mendenh'all, W. E., Parkesburg, R. 1 Michner, Maurice H., West Grove Moore, Harold C, West Grove Moore, Lawrence W., West Grove Prange, Leary H., Oxford Prange, Robert O., West Grove Prange, Walter, Oxford, R. 1 Pyle, Leland, Cochranville Rogers, Howard M., West Grove Rosazza, Clarence. Avondale Schaefer, Earl, West Grove Sharpless, Jr., R. E., West Grove Sharpless, Jr., R. E., Kennett Square Shivery, Taylor, Cochranville Shoun, Fred, Avondale Speakman, John E., Chatham Spencer, Lawrence, Avondale Spotts, W. M., Cochranville Stively, Chas. F., West Grove Street, Louise H., Chatham Stoltzfus, John J., Elverson, R 1 Thompson, John D., Oxford, R. 2 Thompson, T. Phillips, Parkesburg — 15 per Fancy Variety Acres Acre J Ex. Std Sweet 13 1.99 70* Sweet 10 1.45 70* Sweet 7 1.95 70* Sweet 30 1.57 70* Sweet 4 1.87 70* Sweet 13 1.37 70* Sweet 4 1.53 70* Sweet 7 1.34 70* Sweet 15 2.33 70* Sweet 20 1.37 70* Sweet 8 2.43 70* Sweet 8 2.54 70* Sweet 20 1.41 70* Sweet 11 1.38 70* Sweet 8 2.07 70* Sweet 8 2.18 70* Sweet 5 2.20 70* Sweet 10 2.18 70* Sweet 4 1.60 70* Sweet 5 1.31 70* Sweet 9 1.44 70* Sweet 12 1.85 70* Sweet 17 1.88 70* Sweet 5 2.77 70* Sweet 22 1.83 70* Sweet 8 1.89 70* Sweet 5 2.05 70* Sweet 25 2.25 70* Sweet 13 2.37 70* Sweet 12 2.22 70* Sweet 12 2.15 70* Sweet 5 2.65 70* Sweet 10 1.58 70* Sweet 9 1.63 70* Sweet 15 1.56 70* Sweet 6 1.44 70* Sweet 12 1.94 70* Sweet 7 2.11 70* Sweet 9 2.17 70* Sweet 6 2.29 70* Sweet 9 1.29 70* Swcot 5 1.88 70* Sweet 20 1.76 70* Sweet 12 1.76 70* Sweet 15 2.07 70* Sweet 6 1.77 70* Sweet 5 1.31 70* Sweet 14 1.82 70* Sweet 6 2.59 70* Sweet 5 1.84 70* Sweet 8 1.51 70* Sweet 4 1.31 74 Sweet 26 1.77 70* Sweet 8 2.38 70* » ( I 4 ' Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Pea Growers in 1945 Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Pea Growers in 1945 County, Name and Address Chester County— (Continued) Wagoner, J. Oscar, Oxford, R. 1 Walton & Sons, J. J., Kennett Square Webster, Clarence C, Cochranville Whiteside, Irwin, Oxford, R. 1 Williams, Paul G., Cochranville Williams, Paul T., Oxford, R. 1 Wollaston, Howard C, Toughkenamon Worth, Joseph B., West Grove Yeatman & Son, A. P., Avondale Columbia— 22 Creveling, Sam, Orangeville Fairchild, J. A. and W. D., Berwick, R. Fetterman, Lorenzo, Catawissa, R. 2 Getty, Ralph, Catawissa, R. 2 Grimes, M. J., Catawissa Hess, Doyle F., Orahgeville, R. 2 Hess, Edward, Orangeville, R. 2 Hess, Elmer E., Nescopeck, R. 1 Ikeler, Alfred, Bloomsburg, R. 5 John, Harry G., Bloomsburg, R. 3 K abler, Harry, Nescopeck, H. 1 Krum, Myron, Catawissa, R. 2 Layos, Paul, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Mellick, Claude, Bloomsburg, R. 4 Raup, Reuben D., Catawissa, R. 3 Reeder, Joseph T., Catawissa, R. 2 Variety Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet 2 Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Tons per Fancy Lcres Acre 1 Ex. Std 6 2.34 70* 15 1.68 70* 7 2.57 70* 7 2.45 70* 7 2.19 70* 13 2.24 70* 25 1.71 70* 6 2.15 70* 18 1.52 70* 5 2.30 70 40 1.80 87 5 1.79 83 5 2.12 80 17 1.52 78 50 1.82 86 6 1.65 99 28 1.99 85 5 1.68 82 4 1.85 82 4 1.84 100 4 2.44 80 3 2.03 89 5.5 1.55 71 4 1.64 82 4.5 1.86 75 Clarence Bruce Gray. Bloomsburg, Pa.. A Pioneer in Canning High Quality Pennsylvania Peas. — 16 — Cmnty, Name and Address Columbia County— (Conlinued) Rhodes, Claude, Catawissa, R. 3 Shuman, Homer E^, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Tobias, William, Bloomsburg R. 3 Welkom, Frank, Catawissa, R- 2 Whitenight, Bruce, Bloomsburg, R. 3 Zeisloft, Joseph W., Jerseytown ^^Aklinger, Harry E., Elizabethtown, R. 2 Brandt Roy S., Hershey. R. 2 Ebersole, Elmer E., Elizabethtown, R. 2 Lancaster— 75 ^ . j t, « Anderson, Chas., Oxford, R. -i Anderson, R. C. Bachman, John I., Lancaster, K. b Best, Joseph W., Kirkwood Bradley, B. Frank Brinton, Loran, Kirkwood ^ ^ ^ _ Bunting and Anderson, Oxford, K. Z Burkholder, Titus, Lancaster, R. 4 Brown, Jerry, Conowingo, R. 1, Md. Campbell, Walter, Lancaster Cameron, Herman G., Peach Bottom Charles, Jacob L., Lancaster, R. 1 Eckert, P. C, Christiana, R. D. Eckman, Marion, Conowingo, R. 1, Md. Espenshade, Milton A. , „ . Ferguson, Cyrus B., Oxford, R. 1 Gable, C. H. , . . „ t^ i Gamber, Frank, Washington Boro, R. 1 Garber, Snavely, Lancaster, R. 4 Gleisner, Wm. C. Graver, Harry, Jr. . , x^ « Greenleaf, C. Martin, Oxford, R. 2 Heisey, John P. Herr, Henry H., Lancaster, R. 6 Herr, Richard, Lancaster, R. 6 Hershey, Ezra, Kirkwood Hershey, Jacok R., Quarryville, R. 1 Hess, D. Avery, Washington, R. 1 Hess, Jacob G. Lancaster, R. 6 Houser, H. Robert, Lancaster, R. 4 Holloway, Clifford P. Hurley, T. A., Peach Bottom Jackson and Harris, Quarryville. R. 2 Jackson and Levering Kauffman, Ralph, Lancaster, R. 2 Kirk, Howard T., Peach Bottom, R. 1 Kreider, J. Everett Kreider, Leon Kreider, Stanley E., Quarryville, R. 1 Landis, James R., Lancaster, R. 3 Latham, Edgar, Oxford, R. 1 Leaman, Ross, Ronks, R. 2 — 17 — per Fancy * B Variety Acres Acre Ex. Std* ■ Sweet 5 1.93 83 I Sweet 6 1.65 81 ^1 Sweet 4 1.83 70 ni Sweet 4 1.75 75 In Sweet 6 1.94 72 H Sweet 10 1.83 '' H v|,H Sweet 4 1.42 75 i i 1 Sweet 3.25 1.29 91 1 1 H Sweet 3 1.64 71 1 I'l Sweet 25 1.83 70* i ■;■ Sweet 3.2 1.31 91 ^ 'M Sweet 11 1.73 70* Sweet 10 2.48 70* 1 Sweet 3 1.38 88 1 Sweet 5 2.08 70* 9 Sweet 10 2.23 70* ^H Sweet 3 1.46 70* I Alaska 3.6 1.58 77 I Sweet 5 1.41 70* 1 Sweet 5.2 1.92 81 1 Alaska 3.6 2.34 86 ■ Sweet 3 1.59 70* ^^M Sweet 10 3.06 70* ■ Sweet 3.6 2.06 72 ■ ^H Sweet 3.2 1.58 87 1 Sweet 10 2.38 70* H Sweet 4.8 1.46 90 I Sweet 4 1.39 70* il Sweet 8 2.35 70* Jl Sweet 3.2 1.88 76 ' ^1 Sweet 7.2 1.35 80 1 1 Sweet 14 1.48 70* Sweet 4 1.88 75 • H Sweet 6 1.53 70* 1 Sweet 6 2.14 70* 1 Sweet 8 1.35 70* 1 Sweet 5.2 2.20 92 1 1 Sweet 3 2.38 70* ■ Sweet 10 1.52 70* 1 Sweet 4 1.61 70* ' Sweet 3.2 1.28 98 Alaska 7.7 1.65 76 Alaska 3.6 1.71 75 % 1 Alaska 4 1.65 74 Alaska 4 1.45 76 Sweet 4 1.61 70* 1 1 Alaska 3.2 1.95 86 I ' Alaska 5.2 1.45 81 i ' Alaska 5.6 1.76 70 Alaska 7.2 1.52 95 < Sweet 5 2.53 70* Sweet 11 2.02 70* * ^ Sweet 4 1.54 70* . 1 l< » Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Pea Growers in 1945 Pennsylvania Quality- Yield Pea Growers in 1945 County, Name and Address ^ Lancaster County— (Continued) Leaman, Sannford, O., Conestoga, R. 1 Lefever, C. H., Quarryville, R. 2 McCrabb, Frank, Quarryville. R. 2. Mann, Paul, Washington Boro, R. 1 Martin, Noah N., Narvon, R. 2 Miller, Amos N., Strasburg, R. 1 Moore, L. E. -do Newswanger, David S., Narvon, R. 2 Null, M. S., Holtwood, R. 1 Pyle, Ernest, Oxford, R. 2 Ressler, Charles Rice, Silas, Kirkwood . Sauders, Aaron, 67 W. Frederick, Millers Schock, Isaiah M., Washington Boro Shank, Ralph Shuler, C. W., Nottmfiham, R. 1 Smucker, Samuel B., New Holland, R. 2 Stauffer, B. G., Lancaster, R. 2 Stauffer, Wilhs W., New Holland, R. 2 Steele, E. A., Conowingo, Md. Stoltzfus, Melvin R., Ronks, R. 2 Summers, Jacob H. Thomas, Clayton, Lancaster, R. 6 Tollineer, Raloh, Peach Bottom, R. 1 Van Cleve, Paul E., Warfel and McCarty, B. F., Drumore, R. 1 Warfel and Son, B. F., Drumore, R. 1 Whiteside, Norman E., Oxford, R. 2 Whiteside, S. Milton, Oxford, R. 2 Whyte, George E., Oxford, R. 3 Witmer, Arthur C, Lancaster, R. 6 Wood, Norman Wright, W. Horace Lebanon — 11 Behney, Guy R., Myerstown, R. 3 Gibble, John H., Myerstown, R. 2 Gibble, Mark K., Myerstown, R. 2 Kline, Walter, Lebanon, R. 2 Krall, Warren A., Myerstown Miller, Ernest K. and Miles Horst, Lebanon, R. 1 Miller, Henry C, Myerstown, R. 2 Sonnen, Glenn, Rishland, R. 1 Kleinfelter, Luther R., Annville, R. 1 Risser, Harold W., Lebanon, R. 4 Ziegler, Jesse H., Annville, R. 1 Lehigh — 4 Kerschner, William A., Breinigsville, R. 1 Keystone Farms, Inc., Macungie Lichtenwalner, Charles and Benjamin Macungie, R. 1 Ziegler, Paul N., Rexlertown — 18 — , Tons 1 per Fancy 1 Variety Acres Acre Ex.Std. 1 Sweet 5 1.68 3f 1 Alaska 3.2 1.81 71 1 Alaska 6 1.67 70 1 Sweet 3 1.78 70* " Sweet 3 2.01 74 Sweet 5 1.29 70* Alaska 7.2 1.34 80 Sweet 3 1.24 88 Alaska 3.2 1.86 75 Sweet 6 1.74 IT 1 Sweet 4.8 1.44 80 Sweet 12 1.87 70* Sweet 5 1.77 70* Sweet 12 1.58 70* Sweet 3.2 1.42 75 Alaska 3.2 2.18 70 Sweet 5 1.66 75 Sweet 3.2 2.06 72 Sweet 5 1.47 73 Sweet 7 1.34 70* Sweet 3.5 2.61 70* Sweet 3.2 1.57 82 Sweet 5 1.76 70* Sweet 3.2 1.89 80 1 Sweet 4.8 1.78 80 1 Sweet 6 1.81 96 1 Sweet 8 2.P2 80 1 Sweet 13 2.18 70* 1 Sweet 7 1.62 70* Sweet 18 1.76 70* Sweet 3 1.63 70* Alaska 3.2 1.65 87 Alaska 4 1.68 70 Sweet 13.6 1.51 99 Sweet 3 1.32 91 Sweet 4.5 2.02 72 Sweet 5 1.61 78 Sweet 10 1.82 25 Sweet 5 2.37 70 Sweet 4 1.36 70 Sweet 5 1.65 83 Sweet 3 1.46 95 Sweet 4.25 1.64 79 Sweet 6 1.73 76 Sweet 6.75 1 1.72 77 Sweet 4 1.68 79 Sweet 6 1.31 86 c, Sweet 5.5 1.67 74 Sweet 10 1.51 78 County, Name and Address Mifflin— 4 King Roland, Allensville Peachey, Jacob J., Mill Creek Peachey, Josiah H., Allensville Yoder, J. Martin, Reedsville Montour — 4 Kashner, Harry, Danville, R. 4 Pursel, Bruce W., Danville, R. 4 Styer, Leonard, Danville, R. 4 Northurcberland — 1 Brouse, Homer R., Milton, R. 1 Snyder — 1 Ritter, R. R.. Winfield, R. 1 Union— 27 Baker, Warren D., Lewisburg, R. 3 Bechtel Brothers, Lewisburg Bilger, Arthur S., Millmont, R. 1 Bingaman, Lear H., Winfield, R. 1 Clouser, H. Osborne, New Columbia Erdley, G. Asher, Lewisburg, R. 1 Erdley, Guy R., Lewisburg, R- 2 Erdley, Harold R., Mifflinburg, R. 2 Everitt, Dean, Lewisburg, R. 2 Feaster, Donald, Lewisburg, R. 2 Fry, W. Elmer, Millmont Gessner, Clarence W., Lewisburg, R. 3 Hubler, Robert H., Lewisburg, R. 1 Huntington, Glenn O., Lewisburg, R. 1 Kline, John P., Winfield, R. 1 Kling, Robert M., Lewisburg, R. 3 Lytle, Ralph, Lewisburg, R. 2 Miller, C. L. & Sons, Lewisburg, R. 3 Miller, L. Dice, Lewisburg, R. 1 Musser, C. Lee, Lewisburg, R. 2 Snider, Roy, Lewisburg, R. 2 Snook, G. A., Millmont, R. D. Stahl, Frank B., Lewisburg, R. 2 Stahl, William, Lewisburg, R. 2 Wagner, George H., Vicksburg, Box 83 Walter, Royal R., Lewisburg, R. 1 Walter, Dallas, A., Lewisburg, R. 3 York— 52 Bisker, Frank and Vincent, Freeland, Md. Cramer, Victor H., Brodbecks, R. 1 Diehl, John B., York, R. 4 Dusman, George H., Hanover, R. 2 Dusman, J. W., Hanover, R. 2 Fair, Russell G., Glen Rock, R. 1 Frey, Samuel A., Hanover, R. 2 —19 — Tons per Fancy Variety Acres Acre Ex.Std, Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet 4 4 6 3 3 5 4 1.5 1.25 1.33 2.0 1.72 1.54 1.63 1.64 1.27 79 74 75 72 86 96 87 81 81 Sweet 5 1.68 72 Sweet 6.25 1.29 83 Sweet 20 1.36 78 Sweet 6 1.28 88 Sweet 5 1.38 85 Sweet 3 1.47 96 Sweet 3 1.74 78 Sweet 16.5 1,62 74 Sweet 5.5 1.56 72 Sweet 5 2.01 75 Sweet 6 1.46 74 Sweet 6 1.55 70 Sweet 6 1.99 82 Sweet 6 1.40 81 Sweet 4 1.30 76 Sweet 4.25 1.80 72 Sweet 3 1.73 84 Sweet 10.5 1.90 82 Sweet 9 2.07 72 Sweet 4 1.31 75 Sweet 3 2.19 74 Sweet 5.5 1.86 78 Sweet 4.5 1.24 77 Sweet 11 1.87 73 Sweet 4 1.49 81 Sweet 6 1.89 88 Sweet 3 1.87 71 Alaska 3 1.71 72 Alaska 5 1.33 70 Sweet 5 1.56 77 Alaska 4.5 2.50 71 Alaska 8 2.18 76 Sweet 3 1.58 73 Alaska 3 1.64 70 •*i 1 1 i ' ■^ Pennsylvania Quality-Yield Pea Growers in 1945 4M 4 I St County, Name and Address York County — (Continued) Herr, Charles, and H. C. Moul, Hanover Hersey, Wilson, Stewartstown, R. 3 Hoke, Casper, Spring Grove, R. 3 Horner, Addison and DeLone Estate, Hanover Hostetter, Irvin, Thomasville, R. 1 Hyson, Robert J., Stewartstown, R. 3 Keagy, Dr., & Smith, Hanover, R. 3 Lauer, H. W. and Albert Brenneman, York, R. 1 Lentz, Chauncey, York, R. 2 McClung, J. Samuel, Stewartstown, R. 1 Markle, David H., York, R. 6 Markle, Jacob H., Seven Valleys, R. 1 Martm, Hershey L., Spring Grove, R. 3 Meckley, D. F., Hanover, R. 3 Miller, C. C, Brodbecks, R. 1 Miller, Paul M., Thomasville, R. 1 MiUer, Ross B., York, R. 3 Moul, W. Ray, Hanover, R. 3 Mummert, Paul E., Glen Rock, R. 2 Myers, Elmer and Frank Miller, Seven Valleys, R. 2 Myers, Robert L., 1285 W. King St., York Nace, Burnell, and E. E. Nace, Hanover, R. 1 Nace, Ralph C, Glen Rock, R. 3 Payne. E. W. Stewartstown, R. 3 Prall, E. E. and Lester, New Freedom Rinehart, M. and Paul Forry, Hanover, R. 3 Rishel, Edward, York, R. 4 Roth, John A., Spring Grove, R. 1 Rudisill, Ralph E., Spring Grove, R. 3 Ryan, Wm. and Nace, John, York, R. 1 Schaeffer, Paul E., Freeland, Md. Schaffer, Herbert W., Hanover, R. 1 Shaull, E. E. and Louis Walker, Laurel, R. 1 Shearer, John E., York, R. 1 Slyder, Frederick, New Freedom Strausbaugh, Richard C. and J. C. Bollinger, Hanover, R. 3 Stough, Eli, York, R. 6 Strewigh, Clarence, Glenn Rock, ToUinger, A. Colgan, Bridgeton, R. 1 Veach, Wm., Jr., Red Lion, R. 2 Wetzel, Howard, Hanover R. 3 Wilson, Irvin L.. Hanover, R. 2 Winters, Oscar C. and Howard Slagle, 998 Carlisle St., Hanover Zeigler, William G., Spring Grove, R. 1 Ziegler, William and Harvey Masemore, Glen Rock, R. 3 — 20 — Tons per Fancy Variety Acres Acre Ex, Std, Sweet 5.5 1.38 97 Alaska 5 1.32 77 Alaska 5 1.43 70 Sweet 20.6 1.60 75 Alaska 11 3.69 77 Sweet 3 1.74 84 Alaska 5 1.87 70 Sweet 5 1.88 82 Alaska 3 2.10 74 Alaska 8 1.60 82 Alasks 4.5 1.43 75 Alaska 5 1.62 71 Alaska 4 1.84 83 Sweet 5 1.84 73 Alaska 3 1.30 77 Alaska 4.5 1.43 71 Sweet 5 1.54 99 Alaska 5 1.37 81 Sweet 7 1.31 90 Alaska 3 2.14 76 Alaska 3 2.20 77 Alaska 10.5 1.46 74 Sweet 4.25 1.98 83 Alaska 4.5 1.56 71 Sweet 3 1.78 88 Alaska 4 1.54 72 Sweet 4.5 1.53 70 Alaska 6 1.25 84 Alaska 5 1.65 76 Alaska 10 1.91 72 Alaska 5 1.41 81 Alaska 3 1.77 74 Sweet 9 1.54 70 Alaska 4 1.54 71 Alaska 5 1.88 86 Alaska 6 1.94 76 Sweet 6 1.87 70 Alaska 4 1.82 71 Sweet 5 1.77 99 Alaska 7.5 1.65 70 Alaska 5 1.85 78 Sweet 5 1.44 80 Alaska 3.5 1.79 71 Sweet 7.5 1.87 70 Sweet 5 1.53 82 Sweet 1.37 70 ^ Vf» .' \ -'^" J \ / V? '^ c^ ■^r*. ^ » V \ v^'^r-^; ^ a\ / \w. r-.x'i ^;^> .^^ ^-,. '\ 8 U c lA (d o (d > ■'■:>i s\. \ 6\\ I / ^ ' Iff- A oj> O.fA \_ 1^ ^■. » s •V: ^^. Vv\ \ v< „'-l?s ::..) :^<^:r^ :^"^-r"«». "<^ r" 'i #:iJ y'lj 4= V V L. •Nv. :^:::i^ n. I IK \ 1^/ / f' ••^-^ ^>vJ 7 '^ — \ — ^%. '\. I I - — — T-^r-— ^ iV •5A> —J V ^-. >o\ ^^^>, ^nnc \ :— .Ty~ «fa /^,':( /' ■Vv; r \.- s: i: .^-NS^^ SL^^ ^T^A r:::^\^ ) — s ■>. -S-T-U-t- L-5^/»r- .i'/...— \ fi x'T^--^ /S ...r;:.: / r^ t^-- •> 1 11 AVW^'..L ''< CA O M O u (0 u Is (0 M s • •• 0) > ♦4 ^ cd 0) co;q >r (d-d is '►.'2 — 21 — »• 't Mvi ^■ A m ^1 > J >!«>' I , Profitable Pea Production Practices in 1945 Jesse M. Huffington* Records from 120 pea fields were obtained in 17 counties. The season was wet and cool, making it difficult to plant peas satisfactorily but providing favorable growing weather. The average acreage planted by 137 growers was 4.66. The largest group of growers, 50, planted an average of 1.91 acres; 44, 3.54; 33, 617 and 10 averaged 18.53 acres. From the standpoint of better quality control and better field service it would seem that the aver- age acreage per grower might be increased. Records on the Alaska variety were obtained in Adams, Cumber- land, Chester, Delaware, Franklin, Fulton, Lancaster, Somerset and York Counties, while the sweet variety records were obtained in the above counties and, also, Berks, Dauphin, Erie, Lehigh, Lebanon, Snyder, Venango, and Union counties. The amount of Alaska pea seed planted per acre was an average of 4.95 bushels per acre as shown by 37 records. With the sweet varie- ties the average amount of seed used per acre was only 3.7 for the growers (17%) obtaining less than a ton of peas per acre (1934 lbs. av.) while 4.7 bushels were sown per acre by growers obtaining a yield of a ton or more per acre (3577 lbs., Av.) Pea crops following sod were equally as productive as those fol- lowing cultivated crops in this wet season. Sods, preferably with manure, in the rotation are highly desirable in maintaining soil organic matter. Crops most generally following peas were corn, wheat, clover, al- falfa, beans and soybeans. Peas are now used quite generally as a cover crop for clover or alfalfa. The soil fertility is maintained more effectively when peas are followed with clover-grass sod and this is an increasing practice excepting in the Southeastern Counties. There, a popular practice is to sow wheat in the fall following a sweet corn or bean crop planted after early peas. Lime was applied in the rotation by some of the growers in prac- tically all pea growing counties. In potato growing counties a pre- ferred practice is to use only a light application, preferably of hy- drated lime, disked into the soil after plowing. This leaves the soil sufficiently acid to follow with a crop of potatoes. However, peas are known to do well after a well fertilized potato crop. Manure is not generally considered desirable for peas. Yet, of 89 growers, 57 who applied manure in the rotation obtained over • Vegetable Gardening Extension, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. — 22 — UN A Large Yield of Peas on Well-Drained. Fertile, Carefully Prepared Soil Ton SAVE by Taking Early Delivery Open ^^JSSti^ iear: y^ss^ Formula COOPERATIVE CFS FERTILIZERS Special Discounts for December, January and Febru- ary deliveries on next Spring's grades: — 10-10-10, 10-6-4 (Fruit Tree), 8-16-16, 5-10-10, 5-10-5, 4-16-8, 4-12-4, 3-12-6, 0-20-20, 0-14-7, 0-12-12 and 0-12-12 with 80 lbs. borax. Order Now From Your Farm Bureau, Co-op or Service Agent PENNSYLVANIA FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Owned and Controlled by Pennsylvania Farmers dl 4 ' I i — 23 •I l"» i I Profitable Pea Production Practices in 1945 Jesse M. HuHinglon* Records from 120 pea fields were obtained in 17 counties. The season was wet and cool, making it difficult to plant peas satisfactorily but providing favorable growing weather. The average acreage planted by 137 growers was 4.66. The largest group of growers, 50, planted an average of 1.91 acres; 44, 3.54; 33, 6.17 and 10 averaged 18.53 acres. From the standpoint of better quality control and better field service it would seem that the aver- age acreage per grower might be increased. Records on the Alaska variety were obtained in Adams, Cumber- land, Chester, Delaware, Franklin, Fulton, Lancaster, Somerset and York Counties, while the sweet variety records were obtained in the above counties and, also, Berks, Dauphin, Erie, Lehigh, Lebanon, Snyder, Venango, and Union counties. The amount of Alaska pea seed planted per acre was an average of 4.95 bushels per acre as shown by 37 records. With the sweet varie- ties the average amount of seed used per acre was only 3.7 for the growers (177r) obtaining less than a ton of peas per acre (1934 lbs. av.) while 4.7 bushels were sown per acre by growers obtaining a yield of a ton or more per acre (3577 lbs., Av.) Pea crops following sod were equally as productive as those fol- lowing cultivated crops in this wet season. Sods, preferably with manure, in the rotation are highly desirable in maintaining soil organic matter. Crops most generally following peas were corn, wheat, clover, al- falfa, beans and soybeans. Peas are now used quite generally as a cover crop for clover or alfalfa. The soil fertiUty is maintained more effectively when peas are followed with clover-grass sod and this is an increasing practice excepting in the Southeastern Counties. There, a popular practice is to sow wheat in the fall following a sweet corn or bean crop planted after early peas. Lime was applied in the rotation by some of the growers in prac- tically all pea growing counties. In potato growing counties a pre- ferred practice is to use only a light application, preferably of hy- drated lime, disked into the soil after plowing. This leaves the soil sufficiently acid to follow with a crop of potatoes. However, peas are known to do well after a well fertilized potato crop. Manure is not generally considered desirable for peas. Yet, of 89 growers, 57 who applied manure in the rotation obtained over * Vegetable Gardening Extension, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. — 22 — A Large Yield of Peas on Well- Drained. Fertile. Carefully Prepared Soil You SAVE by Taking Early Delivery Open Formula COOPERATIVE CFS FERTILIZERS Special Discounts for December, January and Febru- ary deliveries on next Spring's grades: — 10-10-10, 10-6-4 (Fruit Tree), 8-16-16, 5-10-10, 5-10-5, 4-16-8, 4-12-4, 3-12-6, 0-20-20, 0-14-7, 0-12-12 and 0-12-12 with 80 lbs. borax. Order Now From Your Farm Bureau. Co-op or Service Agent PENNSYLVANIA FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 3607 Derry Street Harrisburg« Pennsylvania Owned and Controlled by Pennsylvania Farmers — 23 • I INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE • i The Wet Spots Generally Result in a Loss, and. also, th^ "Bald Spots" or Ridges that are Low in Organic Matter, Low in Water Holding Capacity and Infertile. MEMORANDUM Harrif:' North Star Corn is bringing premium prices on the market because of its earliness and superior quality. Better grow some this year. Send for Harris' Market Growers Catalog. JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY, Inc. Moreton Farm Rochester 11, N. Y. — 24 1.5 tons of peas per acre. Thirty-seven of these applied manure in 1945, and 18 in 1944. High organic matter content of the soil is an important factor in growing peas. No doubt, the moisture helped to decompose the manure. Spring plowing was practiced by 103 out of 112 growers, recording this practice. More fall plowing appears to be desirable for early planting. Precautions should be taken, however, to avoid loss of ftOil fertility from erosion as a result of fall plowing. A mellow seedbed was reported by 131 out of 137 growers. The most common practices reported in soil preparation by 178 growers producing 1.5 tons, or more, per acre was discing twice, harrowing twice, cultipacking once or twice and rolling or dragging once. Seed inoculated with nitrogen fixing organisms were used by practically all the growers reporting, agar j el being the most com- mon medium. Spergon treated seed were used by about one-fourth of the growers. The fertilizer analysis most commonly used was 4-12-4, followed by 3-12-6. Poor coverage of the seed was a general complaint by growers in 1945. Hasty soil preparation, poor drill adjustment and speeding with the disc type drill were given by growers as the reason for poor seed coverage. Good seed coverage was reported by 60 per cent of 127 growers, fair by 37 per cent and poor by only 2 per cent. March was the planting date of the Alaska variety by 87 per cent of the growers in the 1.5 tons or larger, yield class. The sweet variety plantings with a yield of 1.5 tons or more per acre were planted late March and early April (47 and 42%, respectively). Only a fair stand was reported by 56 per cent of 105 growers, good by 40 per cent and poor by 4 per cent. A fair stand meant one plant every 3 inches of drill row, a good one, 2 inches and a poor one, 4 inches or more. SENECA DAWN HYBRID SWEET CORN A 65 day yellow Hybrid that produces as large an ear as Golden Cross. Seneca Dawn has proven to be a real money maker for many Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers. Write today for our 1946 illustrated seed catalogue. ROBSON SEED FARMS Box P. Hall. N. Y. ^ M. [• ' * i^ I — 25 — 1 'f'l m^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 The Wet Spots Generally Result in a Loss, and, also, the Bald Spots" or Ridges that are Low in Organic Matter, Low in Water Holding Capacity and Infertile. MEMORANDUM Harris' North Star Corn is bringing premium prices on the market because of its earliness and superior quality. Better grow some this year. Send for Harris' Market Growers Catalog. JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY, Inc. Moreton Farm Rochester 11, 1.5 tons of peas per acre. Thirty-seven of these applied manure in 1945, and 18 in 1944. High organic matter content of the soil is an important factor in growing peas. No doubt, the moisture helped to decompose the manure. Spring plowing was practiced by 103 out of 112 growers, recording this practice. More fall plowing appears to be desirable for early planting. Precautions should be taken, however, to avoid loss of *^oil fertiUty from erosion as a result of fall plowing. A mellow seedbed was reported by 131 out of 137 growers. The most common practices reported in soil preparation by 178 growers producing 1.5 tons, or more, per acre was discing twice, harrowing twice, cultipacking once or twice and rolling or dragging once. Seed inoculated with nitrogen fixing organisms were used by practically all the growers reporting, agarjel being the most com- mon medium. Spergon treated seed were used by about one-fourth of the growers. The fertilizer analysis most commonly used was 4-12-4, followed by 3-12-6. Poor coverage of the seed was a general complaint by growers in 1945. Hasty soil preparation, poor drill adjustment and speeding with the disc type drill were given by growers as the reason for poor seed coverage. Good seed coverage was reported by 60 per cent of 127 growers, fair by 37 per cent and poor by only 2 per cent. March was the planting date of the Alaska variety by 87 per cent of the growers in the 1.5 tons or larger, yield class. The sweet variety plantings with a yield of 1.5 tons or more per acre were planted late March and early April (47 and 42%, respectively). Only a fair stand was reported by 56 per cent of 105 growers, good by 40 per cent and poor by 4 per cent. A fair stand meant one plant every 3 inches of drill row, a good one, 2 inches and a poor one, 4 inches or more. — 24 — SENECA DAWN HYBRID SWEET CORN A 65 day yellow Hybrid that produces as large an ear as Golden Cross. Seneca Dawn has proven to be a real money maker for many Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers. Write today for our 1946 illustrated seed catalogue. ROBSON SEED FARMS Box P, Hall, N. Y. /I V j — 25 — NTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE *r {•) Showing How to Adjust a Drill to Sow the Proper Amount of Pea Seed per Acre (Centre County Agr. Ext. Dem.) f Large Seeded Peas May Need All Obstructions Cleared in the Drill Box to Sow Enough per Acre. — 26 — Manv driUs are reported to have insufficient seeding capacity for neas and often special adjustments must be made in order to sow fbushels per acre. Of 79 growers, 40 per cent reported their drills having less than a 5-bushel per acre seeding capacity. Whether or not to use a disc or ho6 drill is an argument not set- tled bv the records, because 53 per cent of 107 growers used the disc vne and 47 per cent the hoe type. Generally, however, preference k expressed for the hoe drill on account of better coverage of the ied and not disturbing the fertilizer-applied before seeding. ^ The soil was leveled after planting mostly with a plank drag (41% of 68 growers) and roller (33%) but a harrow (spike tooth), also, was used by many (26%). . '^ , i • +u« Very little data was obtained on the practice of breaking the crust after planting— only 6 growers reporting. Clean fields were reported by 53 per cent of 117 growers, few weeds by 42 per cent and many by 5 per cent. Mustard, thistle and daisy were the most troublesome weeds. In a few sections con- siderable thought must be given to a weed control program. Moderate aphid infestation was reported by 34 growers, with 5 growers reporting a 10 per cent loss and 9 others reporting losses of 1 to 5 per cent. a i i. Average harvesting dates reported by counties for the Alaska variety are as follows: June 10 — York. , ,. _ ,^ , June 19 to 25— Adams, Chester, Delaware, Franklin, Fulton and Lancaster. July 9 — Somerset. Unfortunately the sweet varieties were not always separated in reports but varieties in the Pride season appeared to be most com- mon. Average harvesting dates for sweet peas were reported as follows: June 21 to 27— Adams, Berks, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Lehigh, Lancaster, Snyder and Union. July 1 to 8— Erie, Northumberland, Somerset and Venango. New growers are particularly vociferous in complaining about difficulties encountered in harvesting peas. Almost all of them failed to leave the ground sufficiently smooth and free from stones to avoid damage to the mower. Special attention should be given to this problem. The records show a need for more hay loaders in speeding the crop to the viner. Although 64 per cent of the growers (112) reported using a windrowing attachment to the mower, only 33 per cent used the hay loader, — 27 — ■ :.!i • r ' Although many delays, break-downs, hard peas and losses oc- currS due t^the over-taxed capacity, short hauls to the vmer ap- pear to be the rule. A 2.97 mile average is shown for 72 per cent of 107 growers, 13.22 miles for 23 per cent and 23.57 m les for 5 per cent TWvIraee time required for a round trip to the vmer was 3J JoL or Sss, by 92 per cent of 48 growers. Usually, not over 2 truck loads of peas were hauled from one acre to the vmer. Special Pickup Reel and Windrower Attached to the Cutter Bar fOT Speeding Up the Harveit and Improving the Quality of Peafc — 28 — Quick Cooling. Washing and Icing Peas at the Viner Station (above). Loading Into Wooden Tubs on a Truck for Shipment to the Fac- tory (below). (Hanover Canning Co., Pleasant Gap, Pennsylvania.) « I — 29 — V I V 1. 4 • r Although many delays, break-downs, hard peas and losses oc- curred due to thLver-taxed capacity, short hauls to the viner ap- pear to be the rule. A 2.97 mile average is shown for 72 per cent of 107 growers, 13.22 miles for 23 per cent and 23.57 miles for 5 per cent The a^rag; time required for a round trip to the vmer was 3J hours or less, by 92 per cent of 48 growers. Usually, not over 2 truck loads of peas were hauled from one acre to the vmer. Special Pickup Reel and Windrower Attached to the Cutter Bw iot Speeding Up the Harvest and Improving the Quality ot Peas. — 28 — ' i Quick Cooling. Washing and Icing Peas at the Viner Station (above). Loading Into Wooden Tubs on a Truck for Shipment to the Fac- tory (below). (Hanover Canning Co., Pleasant Gap, Pennsylvania.) — 29 — ••> INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSU <• }■. .1 Cost of Producing Peas Monroe T. Armes* Records of the cost of producing peas were ^ec^rf in 194^^^^^^ 14 farms in Lycoming and Franklm Coun^ie^ , J^^'^i^^^^^^^ not selected in any way. They were ^J^^P^J^^^^^^^;'^^^^^^^^ to size of acreage or success in growing the crop. The acieage vaned f?om 2 to 20 an^d the yield from 1,586 to 4,076 pounds per acre^ The average acreage was 7 68 acres per grower and the average yield was 'IKllotfng f ^cTors were used in calculating the cost of pro- ^ "S^^'labor was charged at 40 cent per hour, horse labor at 15 centfper hour, and truck and tractor labor at 85 cents per hour^ Manure was charged to the crop at $1.00 per ton which is half its eXated value The full cost of commercial fertilizer was charged to the crop. Lime was charged at one fourth of its cost. • * Agricultural Economics Extension, The Pennsylvania State College, State CoUege, Pa. Yellowing Pea Vines (foreground) were accompwued by Poor Nodulation and Poor Soil Condition. — (J.M.M.) — 30 — Interest was charged at 5 per cent on the investment in land and eauipment. The investment in general farm machinery used was prorated on the basis of total crop acreage in the farm. Ten per cent depreciation was charged on the investment in machinery. The average investments per acre were $46.73 in land and $3.62 in equipment. Many growers planted sweet corn or corn for silage as soon as the peas were harvested. In such cases the pea crop was charged with one half the taxes and interest on one half the value of land This does not include the value of trucks and tractors since their use was charged at the hourly rate. When another crop was grown following peas only half the yearly tax and interest was charged to peas. The following table shows the man, horse, tractor and truck labor used in the production of an acre of peas and the cost of these op- erations calculated from the time required to perform them; Man Horse Truck and Hours Hours Tractor Hours Cost Hauling manure 1.52 ... -81 $1-30 Hauling fertilizer .14 ... -09 i^ Plowing 1-90 ••• 1-30 i.H' Discing -53 1.19 -53 -84 Harrowing 1-72 ... -70 1.28 Cultipacking 10 2.05 .11 -44 Rolling 32 .63 ... .22 Dragging 05 .03 .02 .05 Applying fertilizer .85 .97 .36 .79 Seeding 1-28 \X^ ^4 i^u* Total growing 8.41 5,89 136 7.96 Cutting 2.09 TTi \f $2.40 Raking 1.62 .74 .05 .81 Loading 8.63 ... -47 3.85 Hauling to viner 45 ._^ i? J>^ Total htlFvesting 12.79 2,53 2,50 $7.62 Total growing and „_ „ . . *ikro harvesting 21.20 8,42 6,86 $15.58 NEW SWEET CORN HYBRIDS LINCOLN— a most popular new hybrid for home or market grower. WILSON— a late yellow hybrid of Stowells Evergreen Also Spancross, Marcross, Carmelcross. Juift drop a card for our deicriptiye list. HUNTINGTON BROTHERS Box H. Windsor. Conn. — 31 — \% -•« •:■ i \ i I 1i •\ II Large - Medium - Small Bean Builds Equipment For All Small Model Rubber Spool Polalo Grader Whatever your acreage— Bean builds for you. Row Crop Sprayers give you modern, high pressure per- formance for dependable and efficient protection agamst insect pests and diseases . . . Vegetable V/ashing Equip- ment and Vegetable Cleaning and Grading Equipment help speed your harvest and produce a blue-ribbon pack. Visit Your Nearest John Bean Dealer or Write for Catalog John Bean Mfg. Co. (Division Food Machinery Corporation) LANSING 4, MICHIGAN Breeding and Producing Good Pea Seed George W. Woodbury* Prerequisite to the production of quality canned peas is the use of good seed. The variety is important, of course, but seed stocks within a given variety may by no means be identical. A seed slock is ordinarily accepted as being the progeny of a single individual. Thus there are many stocks of all varieties. So that their identity may be maintained from one year to the next these stocks are usually numbered. Selection of stocks, then, should be no more difficult than selec- tion of varieties and it is equally important. A good stock is the final development of the plant-breeder's art. It is the breeding which goes into the seed which determines the results. What do we man by breeding? Almost anything which contri- butes toward purity and performance of a particular stock may be called breeding. Varieties are developed by breeding; that is, by crosses between individuals, thus combining the good points of both and frequently eliminating the bad. This is the first step m many breeding programs, but it is by no means the most important. For all practical purposes, peas are self-pollinated. They are pure lines. But practical purposes do not suffice. In spite of their polli- nating habits, peas do not remain pure unless vigilance is exercised in seeing to it that they do so. •Garden Seed Service, Cooperative G. L. F. Mills, Inc., Ithaca, N. Y. — 37 — #' fi .^t V .• 4 ' ♦? WP, ' m » . ■ ill rtl '. ^1 i There are atleast four r^^^^^^^^^^^ ?er:nd f SetTr^i al^^^^^^^^^ of these\actors may be f^^pttant Singly or collectively they may lessen the des.rab.hty "^MuS^Ls often referred to as "sports," may occur in both plants and anSs. Without going into a technict explana -^^^^^^^^^ that can be said is that they are unpredictable and their appearance ollows no^eUe pattern'of inheritance; -r as far - .known is 'heir aopearance dependent upon any set of conditions whicn exist Sr average growing conditions, ^^^f --^(.i^^eTefo^^^^^^^^ breed true; that is, produce their own kmd and will, theretore, in crease in numbers from one year to the next. ..^^ubit-ear" or One of the most common types of mutations is the rabbit-ear or "skeleton vfne." This plant is characterized by a general y slender 4newnh narrow leaves and stipules. Most undesirable is the aa that this plant bears narrow, tight pods which are out of season from the rest ofthe stock. Thomas Laxton and similar types are among the more important varieties to throw this type of rogue. Field crossing is generally overlooked in production of seed peas^ The mechScs'of tL pea ffower are such that, by nature U^^^^^^^^^ hP nollinated within itself, without contamination by foreign pel fen However since the pea weevil is common in seed-producing Sionrsome' crossing must take place. The female weevn feed^ uDon the pea flowers before laying her eggs. In these travels from r floweHo another, and in the mutilation o^ «-- f;^;,^; must inevitably be some transfer of pollen thus ^««f ^mg a ^*^\^'^ Sosses In subsequent generations several types might show up as a resJt of these crosses. This is a phase of pea seed Production tS has not been investigated thoroughly and cone usive da^a relative to the incidence of field crosses are not available. This writer, however, is firm in the conviction that it can by no means, be overlooked. . , , j • „ tuo In regions where seed peas were grown, particularly during the war years when both commercial and seed-pea production was ex- panded to the limit, peas sometimes followed peas on the same land ?wo years in succession. When this is done there are sure to be some volunteer peas from the first crop. As a matter of fact, even when a crop like wheat is grown between, there are fo^ chances for . volunteers. In fairness to the seed producers, it should be brough out that these conditions are largely avoided, thus bnngmg the number of volunteers in any stock to a mmimum. The fact that such a thing can happen emphasizes the importance of securing seea from reliable sources. — 38 — Finally, harvesting, milling and processing of several varieties and lots of peas offer possibilities for mechanical mixtures. Re- sponsible help is always placed at strategic points in these opera- tions so that mixtures may be prevented. Since these operations are always on a very large scale, it is usually impossible, even with careful hand-picking, to keep a stock 100 per cent pure. In the light of the foregoing statements, let us not despair at our seed prospects. Good stocks are being produced and shall continue, but not without untiring efforts on the part of the producers. Meth- ods which are employed to produce and maintain a uniform stock are somewhat as follows: . , , x i- u • Each year the plant breeder will select typical plants from his varieties. These plants are harvested separately and seed from each plant is planted by itself the following year. There may be a good many of these so-called "pure-lines." They will, of course, be pretty much the same, but if for any reason one line is superior or, perhaps, inferior to the variety it may be handled accordingly. It will take from four to five years to bring a pure-line progeny up to sufficient volume to produce it commercially. As the new lines are built up, they supersede the old ones which are ultimately aban- doned By careful management from one year to the next, quality and purity need not be sacrified for want of a new line. These lines are always carefully watched from year to year. If, somewhere, along the way, too many off-types occur in a progeny or stock, that particular stock is discarded. In addition to this process of "pure- lining" as it is called, the seed producer goes further to maintain his stocks by roguing. , . « . . -d ^^a Roguing is merely the removal of off-types of rogues. Boys and girls of high school age or above, supervised by well trained per- sonnel, are employed for this work. They soon become accustomed to any variations from the normal which may appear. These they pull carefully and remove them from the fields. It should be re- membered that neither pure-hning nor roguing will, by itself, in- sure the best in seed stocks. A well-rounded program employing both of these devices is the best assurance of a quality product. The New Vegtable Winner The only vegetable winner in the All-America Selections for 1946 is *Longreen' which gets the championship among the 1946 in- troductions. , rr. 1 J TT Longreen Snapbean is best compared with Tendergreen and Key- stonian. Longreen makes a slightly larger and broader leaved plant. The pods are the same attractive type, equal in finest quality, round, stringless and fiberless, of the same maturity, but Longreen is an improved strain of variety selection with pods averaging an inch longer than Tendergreen and with that a heavier producer. — 39 — 1 ■t! I'iV * ji ■|i;» * ( 1 1 • i \ 1 n 'J Prepare to use * n *;H SPRAYS . II 'i DUSTS TESTED DDT PRODUCTS LIQUID 30 DDT - ■ - - WETTABLE DDT POWDER - IMPREGNATED DDT DUST DDT DUST with COPPER - ... 30% DDT - 50% & 25% DDT .... 1% DDT 3% DDT - 7% COP. ALSO: 10% and 3% DDT DUSTS and HOUSEHOLD SPRAY 5% DDT NOTE- MILLER IMPREGNATED DDT DUST- gave outstanding results against pea f^is f bbage worms and many other pests m 1945 at about HALF THE COST of Rotenone dusts. One application of MILLAR LIQUID 30 DDT on potatoes in Lancaster County INCREASED YIELUb hi potatoes 99 bushels per acre in 1945 at a cost of only $2.50 per acre. , .^, Many other FAVORABLE TESTS were made with MILLER DDT PRODUCTS on other crops. COPPER — SULPHUR — ROTENONE DUSTS STARTER FERTILIZER SOLUBLE VHPF A FULL LINE of AGRICULTURAL SPRAYS. DUSTS and FERTILIZERS Order from your daaler or write yittn CHEHICU a FERTtUZEl GOBP. 1000 South Caroline Street BALTIMORE - 31 - MARYLAND Wisconsin Pea Breeding Program E. J. Delwiche* The Wisconsin Pea Breeding Program was begun in 1907. The agricultural sub-Experiment Station, established in 1906 near Lake Srior at Ashland on heavy clay soil, offered a site for research on peas amongst other crops. The relatively cool summer climate «nd fertile soil resembled the Eastern Wisconsin pea belt where neas had been grown successfully for seed for some thirty or more vears These tests with soup, field and canning varieties indicated the desirability of pure lining for greater uniformity in maturity and quality. The first work was based on the "mutation theory of DeVries Soon after hybridizing was done, both from the prac- tical standpoint of producing new varieties adopted to current needs and research on the Mendelian lines. As far as the writer knows the pure line work done at the Ashland station and the utilization of Mendel's laws for producing new pea varieties were the first done on those lines in America. One of the demands of the time was for small seeded peas of high quality for the production of French style canned peas known at "Petit-pois," i.e. small peas. The Horal variety selected from a cross between Horsford and Alaska was our answer to this request. This was followed by Badger and a few others. The disease factors which soon came to the fore with the extension of pea growing, early came up for solution. Fortunately some of the varieties produced in the early days had been consciously se- lected for resistance to disease— notably root rots and blights, as they were called in the early days. With the establishment of the Department of Plant Pathology work on the isolation of disease causing organisms such as Fusarium Wilt served as direct help m testing the numerous varieties of peas then known and with them a large number of new lines produced by breeding. This fortunate relationship continues today. Quoting from our 1913 progress re- port is the statement "Some 400 selections from crosses were planted that appeared to possess points of superiority over common varie- ties currently used for canning." The report also states "At Ash- land station sufficient seed exists of pedigree Scotch and Green soup Peas to plant twenty acres." The objects in mind were then stated as production of varieties (A) of greater producing capacity, (B) earlier maturity and (C) bet- ter quality. „ , .,. x t * Before then pedigree strains (as they were called then) out of Alaska, Horsford's and Advancer had been released. Soon after • Professor of Agronomy (Emeritus). University of Wisconsin, College of Agriculture, Madison 6, Wisconsin. — 41 — #1 'll« , I came the release of Alcross, Double Alaska (No. 19) and Hustler In 9?0 HorJ was found to be 100% ^-^f ^ *° Pf^"^"; ^clS As' distribution, of this variety was done by the Wisconsin Canners As- sociation. Pure lines of old varieties and such as were obtained out of crosses are as foSows:10452 Horsford; 13103 Alaska; Alcross Alaska; No. 19 Alaska; Horal, Badger, Acme and Ashford. About 1928 or so the demand for midseason peas became evident so work on such was added to our pea improvement program. The 92lprogram called for (1) Early types of sweet canning peaswuh disease resistant quality. (2) Rogue free Alaskas (3) Pj^u^*^^^^^^^^^^ mid-season kinds. (4) Multiplication of varieties already released S) Studies on off types and rogues in peas. An answer to point (1) came Wisconsin Early Sweet. This was released m 1931. About 1930 the following were the objects as a considerable in- crease over the earlier work. 1 Uniformity of maturity and in quality of product. 2. Resistance to weather conditions, to Fusarium wilt, root rot and other 3 Suction ofearly types of sweet canning peas of good quality and Kly resistant to unfavorable weather and fungous diseases 4. ProductTon of midseason strains to bridge-over gap between Alaska and 5. Produciron'of high class sweet canning varieties of Perfection type possessing resistance to wilt. 6. Production of high quality large berried peas. ^ 7 Maintenance of low rogue count in our established strains. 8*. S as ?ar as possible on conditions of our own introductions as grown by seedsmen. Wisconsin Wilt Resistant Perfection was produced from a rather comphcated series of steps including Arthur, Perfection and sub- sequent back crosses. Final crop before distribution to seedsmen in 1932 was grown in Sonora, Mexico. This variety practically dis- placed regular Perfection owing to its resistance to wilt. In itfjo and 1937 our first large berried wilt resistant of medium early ma- turity was introduced as Wisconsin Penin. The blood lines in this include Alaska, Horsford and Prizewinner. In 1943 Early Badger was issued, a very high quality Early canner of determinate vine type similar to Perfection. About this time, 1930, work was started on the development of good quality freezer type peas— and an attack on the "near win disease of peas. Results on "near" wilt culminated in 1945 with the Commando variety, a strain in which some five varieties were used in the breeding process. Work on this goes back some ten years. Commando is resistant to pea wilt and "near" wilt. — 42 — 440U COM^ dee U! More than just the seeds, you are getting an unseen quality obtained from personal care, with attention to the smallest detail. At our various breeding stations, the skilled fieldmen constantly cull over the stock-seed crops, taking pride in our fine specimens and rightly so. Get WoodruH's and you get the best F "UJOODRUFF &sons int. MILFORD. CONN. bRANCHCS rTOLEDOa- ATL ANTA.OA.- SACRAM E NTOXALI F.r M E RC E DE5.T EXAS 1 • ' i\ r Wando Pea, a Cold Resistant Variety for Quick Freezing Wando pea has been tried for two seasons by Amos Funk, MiUers- vilTe^Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. He is f ^^^^^^^f ^ f .^f^^J S it as a market garden variety because it is resistant to cold weather anT can be planted very early. The pods are attractive, Irk green in color, and about the size of Little Marvel. Dr B L. Wade, Principal Geneticist, U. S. D. A Box 844, Charles- ton, SC%ho produced the variety, gave the following report in a letter, October 1, 1945: "We find that aside from Austrian Winter types of peas that there is a linkage between cold resistance and heat resistance. We have found no peas having cold resistant pods or blossoms i.e. our cold resrsfanceTconfined to leaves and stems. Only Austrian Winter nnd WUlett Wonder have proved consistently more cold hardy here San Wando Wando has been superior to Creole and very much superior to all the commonly grown pea varieties here I have found b^experience in Colorado and other places in the west that peas can tolerate quite a bit of heat if the nights are cool. "The Western Regional Laboratory basing its report on work in Utah Washington and California found Wando at the top of its list of frig peas for yield, appearance, and quality. The yield and quality may both be influenced somewhat by the tolerance to heat and cold since with cold tolerance the plantings can be made earher with an opportunity for the plants to develop a very extensive root system. Apparently this extra root system also comes m handy dur- ing hot weather for we have several observations and some reports of heat tolerance in Wando. "Wando is slightly larger than Little Marvel both in bush and pod size and a few days later under our conditions. It arose from a cross of Perfection and Laxton Progress. The cold and heat tolerance are apparently transgressive inheritance since neither parent has cold or heat tolerance to any significant extent. We recommend it as a home garden type for the South, as a market garden pea where a Lit- tle Marvel type is acceptable but in our tests and those at the West- ern Regional Laboratory it is apparently best suited for quick freez- ing. In the seed growing sections of the north Wando is reported in some cases to be as late as Perfection. This may be some day leng h factor. The seed size is medium i.e. Perfection size. This probably accounts in part for the yields since there is a negative correlation between seed size and yield within a given group of peas." — 44 — While \'\' ,•■'1' t The bacterial organism is carried over winter on the seed or in vines in the field. Control measures are the same as for ascochyta blight. Pea Disease Control Program 1 Plant western grown seed. Healthy seed free from organisms of ascochyta blight, bacterial blight, and other diseases may be obtained from semi-arid western mountain states. Crop failures may occur from use of eastern grown seed. 2 Plant treated seed or treat seed with a chemical dust to pre- ' vent seed decay. This treatment results in a high percentage germination and strong vigorous seedlings. 3. Select well-drained fields for planting. Root rots are most com- mon in poorly drained land. 4 Practice a 3-year rotation. If peas are cropped closely on the same land, the fungi and bacteria continue to increase. 5. Plow down diseased pea stubble as soon as practical to destroy the over wintering stage of the fungus. WEATHER SERVICE by Specialists ELEVEN Years EXPERIENCE SERVING PROGRESSIVE PEOPLE 66 7l has to he good to he soUV^ 3 or 6 MONTHS in ADVANCE For Details Without Obligation KMCK WEATHER SERYKE 595 SO. LAKE AVE., PASADENA 5, CALIF. Name. Address. A Pea is Bom Ira Member ,„u , rv^aV*.^ nea seed a high-cost item? Just the same things that ^^l^H^fve stock good horses, and good machinery high-priced !!:are'a:d attenttn 'to tt production of a high-quality product- 'TrcaTner is constantly asking for better varieties ^or h^^-^^^^ , f i\.i«v,t thprp A canner or several canners, sells the seeo- Let's «tart right there. A c^^^^^^^^ ^_^^ ^^^^^.^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^ man on the idea that a new y Rgg^^rch and Plant Breeding i,tics IS "«.^<^^f , J'^e^^^^^^ goes to work to figure out what l;r£Lm"i;^esthirh'?a rie^Tto be the male parent and whieh "I'r'neTplanting season the proper varieties are planted in sufficient quantUies to have abundant breeding matenal. jrrnnhTp?;^:tre"rrprorsCrb^»^^^^^ Tnffom the male parent is introduced on the blossoms of the pollen from the maie Pfi*;"^ twPPT^ers These blossoms are order to make sure that one or more of them will De iruix Many of them are unfruitful. From those blossoms which produce seed, the Pe««^^;!^Jf^^;;f;^t riuui tiiv. ^UoiioH and the one or more peas resulting are ed. One pea trom sucn ^ ^^^ j^^. project, two or more are ot course Del lei. " When"^s Sd"lX"er*e oSsprlng will have s„n,e of the Za t"e *ste o/eachVent. The seed from this ^^^^-^'^^ — 49 — f 48 — I, 11' ft pigs from a white sow and a black boar. Here the plant breeder begins his job of selecting individual plants which come the nearest to being the thing the canner asked for. Each individual plant selected is tagged and its identity recorded. The product of each selection is developed as fast as possible. i ■ ^. It usually takes fifteen generations or more before characteristics can be fixed, through repeated selection, so that they will con- sistently come true to type every time the seed is planted. After the material is fixed in characteristics and if it appears to be the thing which was desired, building up its quantity begins with the selection of a single plant which comes the nearest to being the new variety desired by the canner and the seedman. The seed produced from this plant is planted the next year to start the multi- plication which will finally result many generations later m a stock of seed large enough so the seedman can sell canners car loads of the new item. The canner is insured by the pedigree of this new variety which has been kept with each successive generation. Any crop can be traced back if the lot number is available. It seems like almost a life-time job to produce a new variety of peas, but devices are used to speed it up. During the period when the material is segregating the use of greenhouse equipment and moving the seed to southern climates will get an extra generation or two. In the same manner the multiplication can be hastened by moving a part of the seed South to get an extra generation dur- ing the winter. , .. • Even with these devices which have been developed it is easy to see that it is a long process to fill the needs of a canner through the breeding of a new variety. , -^ t All this costs money, time and technical skill. Another item oi cost in producing pea seed is the maintenance of purity within the established varieties. Reputable seed companies have large breeding and trial grounds devoted entirely to improvement of their products. Here the cross- bred materials which they are working on, for new varieties, are planted and studied. Plantings are made of every variety they have on hand so that they can be carefully observed and improved by selection. Many of these trial grounds run into hundreds of acres scattered over the canning areas. This material is planted by hand in rows and grown on woven- wire fence so that the research workers can study the plants— roots and branches. — 50 — Every year thousands of single plant selections are made with . fZ of keening the variety up to standard of purity and main- iSfg^lietaTc^^^^^^^^^^ Each of the single plfnts, se ected hv a"echnical worker, is tagged and the seed produced from it kept separate in the files in the laboratory for multiplication into im- nroved seed stocks. i 4. • The product of the seed from each of these single plants is Jdfed'n following years. The best, typiest and highest-yieldmg ^^f^rfals are propagated and multiplied as rapidly as possible, un- m they have been built up to pure-lines to go out to seed growers where they are multiplied up to sufficient quantities to become seed stocks £ When a seed lot number of any variety begins to show signs of ruling out in canner fields it is replaced by the best Pureline seed S available from this system of improving varieties. The old seed stock is then discarded never to be used again. How would you like to buy an automobile today with the auto- kT Tn^nanies having dor^e no research and development work ™°^ 1930^ P^a seed w^^^^^^ be worse than that had the seed com- ' HonP no breed^g and improvement work on their pea seed rcri93rHad tiey S ^e prob'ably would have no canned peas in Q4S The grower just simply couldn't make enough with seed Sat had beeTaUowed to run down over that period of time to make it worth his while. Well-bred seed although high in cost is the best and most eco- nomical in the long pull. There U mtisfaction in doing good work, or giving extra value, even though you gel no more pay or credit. ALBERT C. ROEMHILD COMMISSION MERCHANT Wholesale Fruits and Vegetables Phone. Lombard 1000 "2 Dock Street, PhUadelphia 6, Pa. rmt — 51 — • I 4 ' •#? A Service to Our Growers by the Introduction of Sweet Peas J. B. WINEBRENNER* Sweet pea production has been on the up-swing in Pennsylvania and with good reason. High yields, superior quality, improvement in strains, new and better varieties adaptable to our section, and early and late maturing varieties are a few of the factors that have made sweets popular. As pioneers in the State in sweet pea production, we have learned to know the varieties best suited to our section. Fourteen years ago our first fields of sweets only yielded 765 pounds per acre as com- pared with 2212 pounds of Alaskas that year. Close co-operation with the seedsmen and extensive work in our own trial plots with new varieties greatly improved the sweets' yields. By 1942 our sweets were out-yielding the Alaskas by more than 600 pounds. Today we grow all sweets and obtained an average yield in 1945 of 3445 pounds per acre. With these high yields, our growers normally get about 68% fancy peas. Their Alaska crop seldom produced more than 20% fancy peas. This has been an important factor to our growers selling us on a graded basis. The sweet varieties we use range in maturity from 58 to 67 days (we found anything later than 67 days was usually uncertain in this section) , permitting our growers to harvest a sizeable acreage during a week or more without greatly affecting the quality or the price per ton received on a graded basis. Also, texture meter readings in certain fields of sweets this year did not increase more than 15 points in three days. Weather conditions control this factor a lot, but it is evident that sweets will not lose their quality over night. These are just a few of the reasons why our introduction of sweet peas to our growers has met with such approval and made them a profitable crop. The promotion of a new and better seed is just one service we, as a canner, can offer our growers. We want to continue to serve them. Their success is to our mutual benefit. * D. E. Winebrenner Company, Hanover, Pa. Read Our Advertisers' Messages An index to advertisers is found on the page facing the inside back cover for your convenience in looking up sources of equipment and supplies, and also dependable outlets for your produce. — 52 — Early Sweet 103 A service for D. E. WINEBRENNER COMPANY GROWERS Have you availed yourself of the service of our NEW ^^^^ OFFICE, located at our plant under the direction of M. b. "Chick" Webb? "Chick" was born and raised on a York County Farm and is a graduate of the School of Agriculture of the Pennsylvania State College. He will be glad to help you or relay your prob- lems to our local county agents or other members of the exten- sion service. Whether it be a sample of soil you wish him to take and have analyzed by the county agent, or a farm machinery problem, feel free to call or drop in at our FARM OFFICE and ask for "Chick." We aim to serve you in any way we can, especially with your canning crop problems. D. E. WINEBRENNER COMPANY HANOVER. PENNSYLVANIA I t. I il — 53 — •< '.; The Peas in 21 Pods of Early Sweet 103 Grown on Two Plants. i\ The 21 Pods from These Two Plants. Skim-Milk Peas Ira Member Twenty-five to thirty dollars per acre for seed is a lot of money^ PpJare about the only crop a farmer grows which costs that much for seed If peas did not have the possibility of high return per acre no one would invest that amount m seed. Many growers who would not buy a good pedigreed calf and brKim home to a diet of nothing but skimmed milk, will plant S to five bushels of pea seed on an acre with little or no regard to Seamount of fertilit/ there is in the soil to support this well-bred crop Good pea seed is well-bred and deserves as good feeding as a pure-bred dairy calf. . Pea seed is like the calf in that the best is cheapest m the long run if properly fed and cared for from birth. The individual who will not feed, house and care for a dairy calf properly might just as well have a scrub if he must have a calf. The only difference between the livestock-man and the grower of can- Sg peas is that the grower of peas does not have the choice of "heiurce of seed supply. The canner chooses the «eed suppherjhe result is that every grower of canning peas gets what his canner feels to be the best-bred seed obtainable. After the grower gets this well-bred pea seed, success lies in his selection of the proper field, soil type, soil preparation, fertilizer insect and disease control, and harvesting properly for a quality product, and maximum profit. Peas are not a rough field crop like rye, oats and barley. They are a garden crop. They are a quick-growing crop requiring abundance of available fertilizer from the start to the finish of the crop. Peas should never be put on any questionable Aeld^ Fields with low spots which do not drain well and badly eroded high spots with very thin soil should be avoided. Seed peas are better in the bag than in the soil until the soil is m proper ^^^^ition and has been properly fitted. The nearer the seed bed can be to garden condition the better it is for a pea crop. Many peas are buried too deeply in the soil, dissipating all or mTIt t'he energy in the seed before the seedling emerges rom the ground where it is capable of taking care of itself. There is no hard-fast rule for the depth of planting seed. It depends upon the conditions. All we need to put seed under the ground for ^^ to|Yt it the necessary moisture for germinating so that it can send its root system down to water and fertility and its ^tem up to the air where it can manufacture its own food in the sunlight. Why bury — 55 — , I ii < « t t I .1 '«' i. .'(. »'./ 1 1 ■M • ) I I T • i'U 0 I I The Peas in 21 Pods of Early Sweet 103 Grown on Two Plants. The 21 Pods from These Two Plants. •'.,,•' •'.*::■ ii<. Skim-Milk Peas Ira Member Twenty-five to thirty dollars per acre for seed is a lot o^ money^ PoJare about the only crop a farmer grows which costs that much for seed If peas did Lt have the possibility of high return per acre no one would invest that amount m seed. Many growers who would not buy a good pedigreed calf and brSg him home to a diet of nothing but skimmed milk, will plant Cr to five bushels of pea seed on an acre with little or no regard to he amount of fertility there is in the soil to support this well-bred crop Good pea seed is well-bred and deserves as good feeding as a pure-bred dairy calf. • .u i « Pea seed is like the calf in that the best is cheapest in the long run if properly fed and cared for from birth. The individual who will not feed, house and care for a dairy cait uroperly might just as well have a scrub if he must have a calf. The K d fference between the livestock-man and the grower of can- nhig peas is that the grower of peas does not have the choice of "he'source of seed supply. The canner chooses the ^^^^ supp hen The result is that every grower of canning peas gets what his canner feels to be the best-bred seed obtainable. After the grower gets this well-bred pea seed, success lies in his selection of the proper field, soil type, soil preparation fertilizer insect and disease control, and harvesting properly foi a quality product, and maximum profit. Peas are not a rough field crop like rye, oats and barley. They are a garden cVop They are a quick-growing -op requiring abundance of available fertilizer from the start to the finish of the crop. Peas should never be put on any questionable field./;^^J^%^J,\^^ low spots which do not drain well and badly eroded high spots with very thin soil should be avoided. Seed peas are better in the bag than in the soil until the soil is in proper ^o'^dition and has been properly fitted. The nearer the seed bed can be to garden condition the better it is for a pea crop. Many peas are buried too deeply in the soil, dissipating all or most o'f t'he energy in the seed before the seedling emerges rom the ground where it is capable of taking care of itself. There is no harl-fast rule for the depth of planting seed. It depends upon he conditions. All we need to put seed under the ground foj^^ to give it the necessary moisture for germinating so that it can send is root system down to water and fertility and its «tem UP^^^ ^^^^^i^ where it can manufacture its own food in the sunlight. Why bury — 55 — (!'•! h ': m INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE ^>:ti^M!^ iMi,.- ' f » that tiny seed so deeply in wet, soggy ground that if it ever does get a stem up above ground it will be weak and inefficient — stunted? There persists an old idea that deep-rooting of peas can be in- duced by deep planting. Just ask yourself how much deeper the root system will be on a pea planted three inches deep than one plantd an inch and a half deep. Is li inches difference in depth of root system going to make the difference between a good crop and a poor crop in a dry year? Might not the poorer stand obtained because of the death of many plants which could not quite make it up to sunlight, make a greater difference in your total yield than the depth of root system? Deeper placement of fertilizer will do much more to induce deep rooting of the crop than will burying the seeds deeply. Shallow ap- plication of fertilizer induces the feeder rootlets to develop near the surface where the food is. When drought strikes these shallow feeder roots burn up. The crop is doomed. Loading Peat Into Tanki Alter Vining. Paai Ar« Waah«d and Ic«d for Long Haul to Cannary. Tank Holdi aboui Six Tom of Shelled Peas. — 56 — Too many growers seem to have too much land. They spread the seed which should plant eight acres of land over nine acres, not be- cause of less bushels of seed per acre but because of the way they run their drills. Far too many fields have a row of peas missmg for every drill-lap. If a small eight-row drill is being used each missing row means 12% of the land is not producing. If you are using a 16-row drill it means 6% of the land is not being used. What kind of a business can exist very long with a 6% to 12% annual loss? On a ten-acre planting this means from .6 to 1.2 of an acre of land has been plowed, fertilized and fitted just to lie there and grow weeds. Who would willingly pay for .6 of a bushel of seed which he did not get? Add to this the drill-skips resulting from lack of attention to the flow of the seed through the drill and it puts the careless grower into the class of gambling on the ponies. Drilling peas is not a one-man job unless it is done with horses. A good, observant man should be following the pea drill with the hop- per cover open so that he can immediately stop bridging over of the seed in the hopper, thus avoiding drill skips which are very costly. A little work in levelling up a field and either picking the stones after drilling or rolling them into the ground will pay big divi- dends at harvest time. It will prevent the breaking of sections in the sickle or guards on the cutter bar. Every row left in the field at harvest time because of faulty equipment is worse than the un- planted row we have just talked about because this unharvested row has taken its share of water and fertilizer which might have gone to its negihbors! Don't wet the seed with inoculation, just moisten it. It will flow through the drill better. A crop high in cost of production and high in possible returns, deserves efficient harvesting machinery. The profit on many a field of canning peas has been left in the field in the form of uncut rows and pods which were cut off and left on the ground. Figures of actual count will show as much as 300 lbs. of shelled peas per acre left on the field by faulty harvesting. At $90.00 per ton this is a loss of $13.50 per acre. There are modern machines f^r harvesting peas that will greatly reduce this gamble. Sixty acres at $13.50 per acre will buy one of them. — 57 — i! i , I , * 1 -:* % I ll'l Tractor Used for Distributing Vines on Stack. Loading the Bucket. Modern Pea Harvester at Work. Heavy Duty Hay Loader Loading the Windrows Left by the Harvester. Speedy and Efficient Harvesting Result. II I «\ I . Hanover Canning Company Installation^ Pleasant Gap* Pa., Showing Cleaner and Icing Shed and Refuse Disposal Machinery. — SB- Good Working Conditions of State Grader of Peas. Taking Tenderometer Reading on Samples of Peas. — 59 — 1 ii i' .'I I i I: ifmssm ">,x2 ^if'r >/&Ai*^^ '.ifivu< m ■'"^-■>:i:'^'Z5^' :ViP5?v m ^m^''-''' 'W-M M. im. n^m ■imamssm tl jl k > ,1 * > .» n 't '"»! II I «\' • r »». ■'.'■r^-.^- ' • :-' %:%f.^- slt?^ ' " . .:. ■- » •'::; * 1 ^ As \ 1 It 7^ Iff-^ i^ '^ ■P'rtl^^^ ■ m mm^ »^ ^ -^- I^^^^^^^H .* :■ •■' '* , ■ * ■■ / ^^^H ^tV "A mP^i ^KUbpB]^^^^^ .3tL *: 5i- T » ♦ 4 Modern Pea Harvester at Work. Heavy Duty Hay Loader Loading the Windrows Left by the Harvester. Speedy and Efficient Harvesting Result. 1H / Tractor Used for Distributing Vines on Stack. Loading the Bucket. I Hanover Canning Company Installation, Pleasant Gap, Pa., Showing Cleaner and Icing Shed and Refuse Disposal Machinery. — 58 — Good Working Conditions of State Grader of Peas. Taking Tenderometer Reading on Samples of Peas. — 59 — ' I t INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE NOT niANTICAIIY MEAD SOUNDLY ON TIIIE General Chemical Company, as a result of intensive laboratory and field investigations aimed at produa dependability and practical economy in grower use, now offers— A Complete Line of DDT Products- Including Advanced and Exclusive Formulaf ions - For All Esfablished Horficulfurol >lpplicofions General's DDT products— as all its agricultural chemicals —are the result of thorough-going research and close, prac- tical association with growers' needs. Into their develop- ment has gone all of the skill, science, and experience gained in almost half a century's production of inseaiddes and fungicides . . • Orchard Brand, the nation's foremost. /i^ J^ G E N I T O X DDl PRODUCTS For full information, contact nearest General Chemical Sales & Technical Service Office ♦Trade Mark »f r.eneral Chemical Comptny i ORCHARD ilBlfiNDg GENERAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 40 RECTOR STREET • NEW YORK 6, N. Y. Sales and Technical Service Offices : Atlanta • Baltimore • Boston • Bridgeport (Conn.) • Buffalo • Charlotte (N. C.) • Chicago • Cleveland • Deff»tr Detroit • Houston • Kansas City • Los Angeles • Minneapolis • New York Philadelphia • Pittsburgh • Providence (R. I.) • San FrancUco • Seattle St. Louis • Utica (N. Y.) • Wenatchce (^sh.) • Yakima (Wash.) In Wisconsin: General Chemical Wisconsin Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. !■ Caiatfa: Tht Niehals Ckaaical CaBipaaf. Llailtatf • Maatraal • Taraata • Vaaaaaftf Pea Diseases in New York State and Control Suggestions W. T. Schroeder and O. A. Relnking* Some pea diseases were very much in evidence in western New York during the 1945 season. Root rot, a complex disease resulting from infection by a number of organisms, particularly Aphano- myces, Fusarium, and Ascochyta, ranged from mild to severe in over 90 per cent of the fields visited at harvest time. In many of these fields, the disease was not apparent on the above-ground parts of the plant. In these same fields, Ascochyta foliage blight was generally present and occurred on 75 per cent or more of the plants. Other diseases such as bacterial blight, downy mildew, anthracnose, near-wilt, Septoria blotch, and virus diseases were ob- served in lesser amounts. Yield reductions, however, were not in proportion to the amount of disease present, simply because in most of the fields, root rot and Ascochyta blight did not develop early enough in the season to be much of a factor. Losses from diseases such as root rots, Ascochyta blight, and other foliage diseases generally result from a gradual weakening of the plant occasioned by a reduced root system that cannot get suffi- cient nutrients or moisture to maintain a normal plant, or by an impaired foliage system. It is quite possible, however, for some of these diseases, especially root rot, to destroy an entire field when a heavy infection occurs early in the life of the plant and the weather and soil conditions are ideal for their continued development. Un- fortunately, no resistance to these diseases has been found that would enable one to grow peas successfully in spite of their presence. The control of pea diseases like root rots and foliage blights in- volves a system of rotation, sanitation, and cultural practices that will enable plants to make a rapid, uninterrupted and normal growth. Rotation is most important on soils that have not produced diseased peas, because it prevents the causal organisms, especially root rot from becoming heavily established in the soil. Foliage diseases, and possibly a few of the root rots, that exist only as long as the plant debris does, can be eliminated for all practical pur- poses from the soil by a four-year rotation. The most important root rot organisms, Aphanomyces and Fusarium, cannot be elimi- nated by such a rotation. This was determined at the Geneva Station in tests involving four years of fallow and four years of non-legume crops between peas. The number of organisms as determined by ♦Plant Pathology Division, N. Y. S. Agr. Expt. Station, Geneva, New York, October 17, 1945. — 61 — / '1 « I •• I > 4 disease severity, however, was reduced sufficiently to give a fair crop when good fertilizer practices were followed, but the original build-up of disease was too great to insure a good crop. Sanitation involves the use of seed as free of disease organisms as it is possible to get because contaminated or infected seed enables the disease to became established early; thereby giving it more time for later development. The use of viner stack trimmings on soil to be planted to peas or in the vicinity of pea plantings should be discouraged for the same reason. Good cultural practices mean the use of treated seed to insure a uniform and quick emergence, the selection of well- drained soils, the preparation of a good seedbed, and the use of adequate fertilizer. It has been demonstrated at the Geneva Sta- tion and elswhere that good yields of peas can be obtamed in spite of root rot, providing the soil was not too heavily infested. Although root rot and Ascochyta blight did not reduce yields in western New York in proportion to the amount observed, neverthe- less, the disease organisms have built up in the soil and on plant debris in sufficient amounts to be a serious factor in 1946, should en- vironmental conditions be favorable for their early development. For this reason, it would be unwise to ignore the control measures outlined above, especially rotation and sanitation. Leader in the Field since 1 895 I VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CORPORATION Bolfimore, Md. Corteret, N. J. — 62 — AGRICULTURFS MOST USEFUL FORM OF NITROGEN .^ The Time is NOW To Insure YOUR OWN Association's Future Send YOUR Dollar Today to The Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers Association 625 Holmes St. State College, Penna. li H #• LAMOTTE MORGAN SOIL TESTING OUTFIT - > A This outfit makes it a simple matter to determine accurately the pH value or to know "how acid or how alkaUne your soil is. It can be used on soils of any tex- ture or moisture content except neavy, wet clay soil. Complete with LaMotte Soil Handbook. Price $10 f.o.b. Towson. LaMotte Chemical Products Co. Dept. VGN. Towson 4, Baltimore, Md. — 63 — [ ■ ■ * ' * . A. II i '] Insuring High Quality Pea Production Earl De Hofi, Jr.* To insure a high-quality production, one must of necessity start at the source and follow diligently every stage until the production is finally in its completed form. This is particularly true of canned peas. We find in the central part of Pennsylvania the best method of growing peas is to use ground that has been in a cultivated crop the year before, and one that is well drained, retains moisture, free as possible from stones, and void of wet and doubtful crop producing areas. Fall plowing is usually wise in order to secure retention of moisture, and early planting. In preparing the soil for planting, plow about seven to eight inches deep, apply ten tons of manure, harrow the ground, and roll about three times. Apply about 700 pounds of 4-12-4 fertilizer, get- ting it in the ground three or four inches deep. Better results are gotten by letting the fertilizer lay in the bands in the soil instead of harrowing it through the ground. Sow about four and one-half bushels of pea seed per acre, of the early varieties and five bushels of the late varieties, getting them in the soil about one and one- half to two inches deep, and under no consideration drill the peas and the fertilizer at the same operation. When sowing several varieties in the same field, it is very im- portant to thoroughly clean the drill between each variety, and also helpful to leave a 2 ft. or 3 ft. separating strip between each variety. ♦ Field Supervisor, Mifflin County Packing Company, Reedsville, Pa. — 64 — ■ « RAIN-O-MATIC REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. Complete Portable Irrigation Systems "INSURE" Crop Production By Irrigating. "1 r" 'RAIN' Where and When You Want It. Champion Portable Pipe and Valves Skinner Revolving Sprinklers — sand proof Transite Pipe for Underground Lines RAIN-O-MATIC Portable Power Pumping Units - •Vrrr'-Vihf.-MSi'l'-itffVV j m All Capacitieg Engineers in Irrigation Hamilton & Company has designed and sold Irrigation Systems for many different crops grown on over 100,000 acres. We invite your irrigation problems and our Irrigation Engineering Service is always available to you. We will gladly plan your complete Irrigation System, including necessary pipe, valves, fittings, pump, sprinklers, engine or mounted portable power pumping unit and furnish you with an estimate. Write us today. WRITE: HAMILTON & COMPANY EPHRATA, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA TELEPHONE 678 DISTRIBUTORS P. O. BOX 178 PcmuylTaiiia, I>«lawar«, Virginia* North Carolina, Maryland, D. of C. T^i n Crop Service E. W. Monlell* Why do some growers ha- bitually raise more peas, to- matoes or other crops to the acre than their neighbors? Part of the answer lies in job performance; in other words, the successful men are attentive to details. Take peas for instance. There is no crop which responds more profitably to painstaking care then they. It is presumed that most pea growers are familiar with the various steps in the production of peas for the cannery, which should produce the greatest yields, but how many take the pains to follow each procedure carefully. Here is where the crop service department of the canner enters the picture. It isn't that the fieldmen are wizards at pea growing, but they do know the pitfalls that beset the pea grower and by constant reminders through meetings, by word of mouth and by letter or bulletin can so impress the essentials upon the growers that most of them will follow through. It is essential that the Crop . 4 * Manager, Agricultural Department, Joseph Campbell Co., Camden, N. J. — 66 — qervice Department maintain the confidence of the growers by dis- seminating only such information which is accurate and based upon sound practices. Most growers are eager to learn and to be reminded from year to vear regarding the preferred practices, so a mutual trust develops between the fieldman and grower which is proper and healthy for the industry. Another successful method of crop service is to send a circular outlining the salient production practices just before the crop is sown or planted. A sample pea circular is printed herewith; others can be sent before tomato planting or harvesting, etc. Pea Planting Pointers A successful pea grower is careful and attentive to details. Listed below are a few helpful hints: 1. Plant peas as early in the Spring as possible, but not before a good seed bed can be obtained. Most growers disc 5 to 6 times. 2. Sow fertilizer separate from the pea seed. Use sharp teeth on the drill spouts and set them to sow the fertilizer as deeply as possible (4"). If using a drill, do not work the ground after sowing the fertilizer. 3. Each can or bottle of inoculation is sufficient for four bushels of peas. Mix the inoculation with a small quantity of water and moisten the pea seed with the mixture. (This may be a little difficult as the Spergon resists the coating.) Treat one drill box full of peas ahead each time so as to give the peas a chance to dry somewhat. Cover the treated seed so as to protect it from direct sunlight and wind. DO NOT treat more seed than can be sown within an hour. If the seed does not flow through drill freely, use graphite. 4. Jack up one side of the drill, put a few peas in the hopper and adjust flow for each variety of peas to sow 5 bushels per acre. See that each spout is sowing the seed evenly. Adjust the drill depth to sow the pea seed above the fertilizer at a depth of between U" and 2". (Do not sow pea seed and fertilizer at the same time.) Because of the packed earth, extra pressure should be exerted on the drill shoes which follow the tractor wheels. 5. Roll the field with flat roller after seed has been sown. 6. If the soil crusts or bakes after planting, use a disc set straight to break crust. This practice helps control weeds and assists seed emergence. — 67 — %{ i»H IS Specializing in Fertilizers for CANNING CROPS ■«l • • o 0 Peas - Beans - Sweet Corn Tomatoes Insure Your Crops This Year with UNION FIELD TESTED FERTILIZERS Union Fertilizer Corporation Main Office— Pikesville, Maryland Factory — Baltimore « Maryland Pea Growers in Jefferson and Venango Counties Peas are a cash crop and must be given the attention expected of .nv other garden crop. Prior planning before planting is very im- Dortant Pea growers should first ask themselves, do I have the proper equipment to take care of this crop; and then should satisfy himself that he is thoroughly equipped or is willing to purchase needed equipment to properly prepare his soil, plant and harvest the crop. Careful consideration for the selection of a suitable field for peas and the location of this field should next be given attention. The selected field should be fairly level, free from surface rocks, con- taining a uniform soil texture with available deep top soil and good drainage. When early and late peas are planted in the same field on a sloping hill, the late varieties should be planted at the top of the slope. Then if washing does occur it will be late varieties into early and not early into late. If the grower decides to grow peas and must equip himself with additional equipment, he should look ahead far enough so his orders are placed in sufficient time to be filled before needed. Another important point that many growers fail to observe is hauling. Their relationship with the viner's location, condition of roads, numbers of acres can haul with own equipment and availa- bility of commercial haulers or neighbors assistance should be looked into before signing a contract. Growers should realize that peas need to be taken care of immediately when ready for harvesting. This is not true of some other garden crops. Tnerefore he should plant only the quantity of acres that he can harvest and haul into the viner himself unless previous arrangements have been made for additional labor and trucks. A new grower should follow instructions on the proper-method of applying the inoculation and watch his drill very closely so it does not plug or skip. Many growers failed to get in the ground proper quantity of seed per acre. This in turn caused thin stands, which reduced the yield per acre. The Jefferson County growers experienced more difficulty than usual in harvesting the crop. This trouble resulted from the im- proper equipment on their mowers. Once the cutter bars were equipped with pea-pick up guards and shorter cutter bars in many instances. The trouble was eliminated. Experience has taught these growers the values of rolling to smooth the ground before planting. Peas that lodged were easily recovered on smooth ground with the use of the proper equipment. — 69 — i ' »^ , ' i '■*i f I. f .#i' I, 4 ' The best yield of peas were grown on good well drained soils with an ample application of fertilizer. The best yields were grown with an average of 800 pounds of a complete fertilizer. With few exceptions our growers are confident they can grow better yields another year with similar weather conditions. JEFFERSON COUNTY GROWERS YIELDING OVER 1.25 TONS OF PEAS PER ACRE 1. H. E. Cochran; R. D. 3, Reynolds- ville 2. Dale Corin, Reynoldsville, Pa. 3. Charles Daugherty, R. D. 2, Reyn- oldsville, Pa. 4. Thomas O. Enterline, R. D. 5, Punxsutawney, Pa. 5. A. E. Harriger, R. D. 5, Punxsu- tawney, Pa. 6. Harry McClelland, R. D. 2, Reyn- oldsville 7. W. P. McConnell, R. D. 1, Falls Creek, Pa. 8. Walter Schuckers, R. D. 1, Reyn- oldsville, Pa. 9. Arthur Smith, R. D. 2, Reynolds- ville, Pa. 10. J. M. and Harvey Smith, R. D. 1, Falls Creek, Pa. 11. Robert Steele, R. D. 1, Falls Creek Ps 12. Victor Verbeke, R. D. 2, Reyn- oldsville, Pa. 13. James H. Wingard, Box 132, Brockway, Pa. Disaster b1 Pea Harvesting Time is Seen in the Above Illustrations. Stony Ground will not Permit the Pea Cutter Bar to Ride Close to the Ground in Harvesting the Crop. — ( J.M,H.) — TO- BIG IMPROVEMENTS * * • MATCHED TO "^(un SPRAYING JOB 1 NEW MODUS NEW PUMPS NEW FEATURES No matter what your power sprayer requirements are, you can profit handsomely by the many new developments in the famous Myers line. New models, new methods of application, new pumps are included in a wide range of vital improvements for faster, better spraying with the type and size of equipment best suited to your spraying job. See your Myers dealer about the greater speed, capacities and coverage offered by Myers Spray- ers and ask him about his facilities for complete service. THE F. L MYERS & BRO. COMPANY Dept D-13S, Ashland. Ohio 't»i^ ^>" J m^ li 1 1 « Taking the Headaches Out of Pea Growing Foster Furmari* In growing peas, as well as any other crop, good seed is the cheapest in the long run. To produce a good crop of peas, the preparation and fertility of the soil play an important part. There is always more money in growing a few acres of good peas than a large acreage of poor peas. Peas rarely do well in sod. If sod is used, it must be plowed in the fall. As a rule, peas should follow a cultivated crop, such as corn, tomatoes, or potatoes. If the soil is in proper condition, seeding the last of March or the first half of April is the best. The seed should be planted within an hour after inocu- lating, especially if Spergon is used. Peas need a good seed bed. However, great care should be taken to see that peas are not covered more than one or one and one half inches, even if it is necessary to cultipack ahead of the drill. Stony ground should not be used unless the larger stones are picked off or the stones will result in a loss of peas at harvest, and great damage to mowing equipment. Ground should always be rolled after seeding. The use of tractor mowers with lifting reels and the use of heavy duty push bar hayloaders has taken a lot of headaches out of harvesting peas. Most Pennsylvania farmers are interested in producing first quality peas. There are only two days that peas are fit for first quality; the day before they are ready and the day that they are ready. * J. W. Furman Cannery, Northumberland, Pa. — 72 — Vegetable growers throughout the country have learned lo depend on the Dow line of iniecticidei ayailable for practically every spraying and dusting need. • Dow'i Special Potato Spray protect! yinei from potato bugs* leaf hopper and blignt. Can be used on any plants with hardy foliage. • Dow Calcium Arsenate quickly kills bugs and worms attacking potatoes, tomatoes, beets and cabbage. • Dow Arsenate of Lead controls leaf eating and chewing insects. • Dow Paris Green has a long and favorable record in combating potato beetle, grass hoppers, cut worms* army worms and sugar beet worms. • Dowspray No. 9 is a recognized corn-ear worm control. • Dowspray No. 66, a potato vine killer, minimizes blight loss and prevents clogging of digger by potato vines. • • DN-Dust No. 5 fights leaf hopper on beans and potatoes. • Dow Special Garden Spray is effective agaiiMt eating insects and such fungous growth as scab, blotch, potato blight, etc. Consult your dealer or state ex- periment station for complete in- formation on the advantages of using these Dow insecticides. Dow THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY MIDLAND MICHIGAN t i . t, Seeding 720.000 Alaska Peas Per Acre CHARLES FULLER* It may not be practical to count your pea seed, on the other hand it may be as practical as some other practices used by some pea growers. The point is, peas are rated a cash crop, a profitable cash crop in areas where they are grown. Why then, should we have, year after year, pea crop failures and unprofitable pea crops in good pea-growing areas? Why should one grower produce one (1) ton to one and a half (li) tons per acre while another grower on the adjacent farm may have a complete failure? What of the grower who produces a whopper of a crop on one field and has a failure on the adjacent field? Many are the reasons advanced by both growers and experts accounting for these divergencies in yields. However, visiting in the fields with pea growers from the Eastern Shore of Virginia and North up the Atlantic Coast into central Pennsylvania there seems to be a few very pertinent practices or factors involved in profitably producing Alaska peas. Among these, drainage, good drainage is first. Peas will not tolerate wet feet, neither can a poorly drained soil be made suitably fertile for profitable pea production. Second is fertile, highly productive soil. Such soil must have a high percentage of organic matter as a moisture holding factor. Peas are heavy drinker? and top yields may be expected only from soils capable of holding their moisture through the maturing period. Preparation of land rates third. Soil must be well and timely fitted with peas to be seeded as early as weather conditions will permit. Good seed is of paramount importance. All other efforts may be of no avail if the grower fails to use the best seed available. DonH count your pea seed, but 720,000 peas per acre will be a satisfactory rate of seeding. Weeds are a factor. Cultivation with weeders, rotary hoes, and spike drags are practiced as means of controlling weeds. Well managed land, however, seldom has a weed problem. Harvesting is a critical period. Successful growers cut and deliver their peas as directed by the fieldman. Commercial fertilizer on peas is the grower's own choice. Most growers use some, a few don't. High yields are associated with heavy applications of fertilizer, 1000 lbs. to 1200 lbs. per acre. Attend your pea meetings. Growers are successfully and profitably producing Alaska peas from the Eastern Shore of Virginia to Central Pennsylvania. The simple factors contributing most to this success are the use of well- drained, fertile fields, good seed and common sense, practical soil and crop management. ♦ Director Departnient of Agriculture, Phillips Packing Company, Inc., Cambridge, Md. ^ j^ — 74 — 21 pods grown on 2 plants at Hanover, Pennsylvania, 1945 A tender, early sweet — ^heavy yielder — favored from Maine to Maryland, New Jersey to Washington • H I ♦•*■ CRITES-MOSCOW GROWERS, INC, Moscow, Idaho i »i < * ► '. ' fl ■ ,' '^' t •V' ' / '■I I : I. » ; 'I. I f Seeding 720.000 Alaska Peas Per Acre CHARLES FULLER* It may not be practical to count your pea seed, on the other hand it may be as practical as some other practices used by some pea growers. The point is, peas are rated a cash crop, a profitable cash crop in areas where they are grown. Why then, should we have, year after year, pea crop failures and unprofitable pea crops in good pea-growing areas? Why should one grower produce one (1) ton to one and a half (U) tons per acre while another grower on the adjacent farm may have a complete failure? What of the grower who produces a whopper of a crop on one field and has a failure on the adjacent field? Many are the reasons advanced by both growers and experts accountmg lor these divergencies in yields. However, visiting in the fields with pea growers from the Eastern Shore of Virginia and North up the Atlantic Coast into central Pennsylvania there seems to be a few very pertinent practices or factors involved in profitably producing Alaska peas. Among these, drainage, good drainage is first. Peas will not tolerate wet feet, neither can a poorly drained soil be made suitably fertile for profitable pea production. Second is fertile, highly productive soil. Such soil must have a high percentage ol organic matter as a moisture holding factor. Peas are heavy drinkers and top yields may be expected only from soils capable of holding their moisture through the maturing period. Preparation of land rates third. Soil must be well and timely fitted with peas to be seeded as early as weather conditions will permit. Good seed is of paramount importance. All other efforts may be of no avail if the grower fails to use the best seed available. Don't count your pea seed, but 720,000 peas per acre will be a satisfactory rate of seeding. Weeds are a factor. Cultivation with weeders, rotary hoes, and spike drags are practiced as means of controlling weeds. Well managed land, however, seldom has a weed problem. Harvesting is a critical period. Successful growers cut and deliver their peas as directed by the fieldman. Commercial fertilizer on peas is the grower's own choice. Most growers use some, a few don't. High yields are associated with heavy applications of fertilizer, 1000 lbs. to 1200 lbs. per acre. Attend your pea meetings. Growers are successfully and profitably producing Alaska peas Irom the Eastern Shore of Virginia to Central Pennsylvania. The simple factors contributing most to this success are the use of well- drained, fertile fields, good seed and common sense, practical soil and crop management. * Director Department of Agriculture, Phillips Packing Company, Inc., Cambridge, Md. t- j^ — 74 — 21 pods grown on 2 plants at Hanover, Pennsylvania, 1945 A tender, early sweet — heavy yielder — favored from Maine to Maryland, New Jersey to Washington CRITES-MOSCOW GROWERS, INC. Moscow, Idaho llj.«rt"fgV t^'i' INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE I I W^^-^' *■ ... Making Pea Growing Pay RALPH H. MAUN and H. BRINTON GERHART* If one were to examine the case history of any high yielding pea field, he would find a multitude of seemingly unimportant factors which when put into practice in the proper sequence, adds up to a high yield of good quality peas and money in the grower's pocket. The first factor which should receive serious consideration is the selection of the seed variety. All seed should be true to variety characteristics, free from weeds and other foreign materials, viable and free from seed-born diseases. Pea growing is usually a more profitable crop in fields where desirable soil conditions are found. Peas will tolerate slight soil acidity, but like most other legumes, produce better crops if sulTi- cient lime is applied to give the soil a neutral or slightly sweet reaction. With a neutral to alkaline soil, in most cases, applications of 500 to 800 pounds of 4-12-4 commercial fertilizer will put sufficient plant food to the plant's disposal for good growth. -^— — — — * ♦ Field Supervisor and Agricultural Specialist, The Greencastle Packing Company, Greencastle, Pa. What About INSECT ^ PESTS • One of the major problemi in the growing of a profitablt crop is to prevent insects from destroying quality and yield Black Leaf 40 is unusually efficient in the control of certain insects. It can be used alone in proper mixture or can be mixed with any standard spray material that does not cause injury to plants when used alone. Black leaf 40 kills by contact and by fumes. It leaves no poisonous residue and is easy to apply. Use Black Leaf 40 — Get the most from your investment of labor and capital Full information will be furnished on request. Insist on Original Factory -Sealed Packages for Full Strength. TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION Incorporated — Louisville, Kentucky — 76 d Best results are obtained when peas are sown as early as the soil can be worked into good condition. Seed sown with a grain drill on the oats side to a depth of 1 to U inches gives best stands. Innocula- tion of seed is also a necessary factor since this crop has the same characteristics as any other leguminous plant, that of gathering nitrogen from the air and storing it up in nodules on the roots. Care must be taken that fresh innoculant of the proper type is used so that sufficient amounts of these nitrifying bacteria are present to do the job. In most localities it is profitable to cultipac or roll the field after planting to facilitate ease in cutting and harvesting. A clean job of harvesting is always closely correlated with high yields and ad- vantageous to the grower. Following is a list of a few of our pea growers having a yield of li tons of peas per acre or more: Name Edgar Burkholder R.F.D. 4, Hagerstown, Md. John S. Gayman R.F.D. 3, Chambersburg, Pa. H. J. Layman R.F.D. 4, Waynesboro, Pa. John McKenzie R.D. 5, Chambersburg, Pa. Acres Variety Lhs. per Acre 4 Pride 3981.5 li Pride Pride 4427 3852 5 4 J. M. SoUenberger R.D. 2, Mercersburg, Pa. 5 John Stunkard Wells Tannery, Pa. 2 Olive Anderson, Maddenville, Pa. 7 Walter Mellott, Hustontown, Pa. 4 Ralph Bergstresser, Laidig, Pa. 1 Robert Huston, Hustontown, Pa. 2 George Barnett, Waterfall, Pa. 2 Joel Knepper, Hustontown, Pa. 1 Super Alaska 3707 Early Harvest 3957 Pride Topper Pride Pride Pride Pride 3811 4480 4791 ' 5899 5475 4905 Super Alaska 4804 Alaska ^ 4946 "Mother Nature very nearly doubled our pea acreage," reported Wilson C. Dickson, Hanover Canning Company, "this past season by making weather conditions so ideal that vine growth was twice as heavy as usual. In making plans for vining our acreage, we thought we had more than enough viners. Our thoughts proved pessimistic and when two to four loads of vines per acre began roll- ing in, the total acreage could just not be handled fast enough." — 77 — h • I < «"' I. f 11 < I .0. ^i.^^ INOCULATE YOUR PEA SEED EASY TO APPLY — AS ILLUSTRATED BELOW Improves Stand Increases Yield Adjunct to Quality ;>'.! Used for Past Decade In Pennsyl- vania SHAKE. VIGOROUSLY SPRlNKue OVER SEED MIX THOROUGHLY WITH SEED Jelly Type I ' PL A NX AT ONCE SUPERYIELD LABORATORIES Insures a quick catch of nodules, Gives sta- mina and resistance to the plants. Adds nitrogen to the soil. Humus Jel for treated seeds* FIFTEEN SOUTH GAY STREET BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Production Problems in the Growing of Peas ROBERT HIMINGWAY The growing of peas entails much thorough planning before the farmer attempts to raise peas for commercial canning purposes. The important factor that the grower should keep in mind is that he must not only have a good yield, but should also produce peas of the highest quality as well. Let us first consider the selection of the field to be used. From the very beginning, a field which is fairly uniform in topography should be selected. A field with many knolls and low spots may result in a greater cost of harvesting for this reason. A field of this type would necessitate either cutting off the knolls first and then later cutting the low spots; or if the grower elects to harvest the entire field at the same time, the more mature peas will result in a lower average grade, while the peas in low spots may not be at their best stage and will tend to reduce the yield per acre. For example, there were some growers this last year (1945) who had to go into the field with scythes and cut small areas in the fields to keep these peas from lowering the grade of the remaining peas. Other growers chose to harvest the entire fields when the peas on the knolls were ready, thus losing a yield from the lower parts of the fields. In either case it was an expense to the grower that might have been avoided if a more suitable field could have been selected. A grower should take into consideration the available equipment and manpower; then plan accordingly so that he will be able to harvest his peas when they are in prime condition. By this we do * Fieldman, G. L. F. Columbia Farm Products Co-operative, Inc., Canning Plant, Bloomsburg, Pa. — 79 — 1 ■%: r:^::,--^ ''mm p not necessarily mean that every grower should have to own a mower with pea harvesting attachments, a green crop loader, and two or three trucks, but he should be absolutely sure that they will be available when his crop is ready to harvest. In the cultural practices of growing a good crop of peas, there are several factors of great importance, the first being preparation of the seed bed. It is felt that the preparation of the seed bed is one of the most important factors in producing a good crop of peas. BRIMM SWIFT'S TOP-QUALITY PLANT FOODS VIGORO Complete plant food used by more and more growers. Increased yields, early maturity, full flavor, and ex- cellent shipping quality are a few of the benefits vege- table growers are attributing to Vigoro feeding. Here's Swift's plus-value plant food formulated to meet the specific needs of commercial truck crops. Brimm has already an established reputation for pro- ducing outstanding results for the grower. Another Swift plus-value plant food made for your benefit. Blenn contains that extra boost to produce bigger yields . . . finer quality. It has proved profitable to use. THE AUTHORIZED SWIFT AGENT CAN SUPPLY YOUR MANY PLANT FOOD NEEDS. BLENN G. L. F. COLUMBIA FARM PRODUCTS COOPERATIVE, INC. Canning Plant Bloomsburg« Pennsylvania A FARMER-OWNED AND CONTROLLED COOPERATIVE, ENGAGED IN THE MARKETING OF PRODUCTS OF ITS PATRONS. — SO- IL GOLDEN CROSS BANTAM The introduction of Golden Cross Bantam by Purdue University and the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture was a milestone in agriculture. This fact was recognized last year by the American Seed Trade Associa- tion in the presentation of a plaque to Glenn M. Smith, who was responsible for the program of breeding and selection which pro- duced this splendid hybrid. i\i 'i », Golden Cross Bantam secured and holds its leadership because of unusually wide adaptation, resistance to wilt, and the high quality of its large, handsome ears. For the grower it is important that hybrid seed be secured from a competent and reliable source. Utilizing the experience gained in more than 20 years of inbreeding and production, we maintain and annually cross the parent inbreck with great care, and the Asgrow strain is renowned. I •■ ASSOCIATED SEED GROWEBS, INC MILFORD. CONN. ik ) ' Band Placement of Fertilizer Increases Pea Yields in Maryland Fertilizer placement experiments with Alaska peas were con- ducted during 1938, 1939 and 1940, with supplementary tests later, at the Ridgely Sub-Station in cooperation with the engineering section of the Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering.* This division developed and used in three tests an experimental machine from a standard seed drill which will place the fertilizer in a single band at various distances to the side of and at dififerent depths with respect to the seed. This machine can likewise drill part of the fertilizer with the seed and the remainder in a single band. Greater yields of shelled peas were obtained when the fertilizer was drilled in a single band li inches from the seed than when the same quantity of fertilizer was either drilled or broadcast, or placed in bands 2i or 3i inches from the seed. On the Eastern Shore of Maryland soils (sandy and sandy loam) a fertilizer containing 8 or 10 per cent nitrogen applied at the rate of 500 pounds per acre gave profitable returns over a 4 or 5 per cent ratio at the li-inch band placement. The high nitrogen ratios produced higher yields when placed near the seed than when drilled in bands 2J or 3i inches from the seed. The source of nitrogen did not materially influence the yield of peas in a fertilizer containing up to 5 per cent nitrogen. When calcium cyanamid was the only source of nitrogen, better re- sults were obtained when at least half the nitrogen was broadcast or drilled ahead of planting. Contrary to the results in Wisconsin and observations in Penn- sylvania, in the light soils of the Eastern Shore, drilling fertilizer or even superphosphate with the seed reduced the stand of plants, the rate of emergence, and the yield of peas. Drilling only 125 pounds of a 20 per cent superphosphate with the seed and the rest of the fertilizer in a single band reduced the yield over 9 per cent, as com- pared with placing all the fertilizer in the band, and likewise drill- ing 375 pounds of superphosphate with the seed reduced the yield 38 per cent. ■:-:<<<-:':-:-;<->yAMv ♦Misc. Pub. 732 Md. Expt. Station, The Canner, April 19, 1941, C. H. Mahoney, H. A. Hunter and Albert White, University of Maryland and G. fe;ir,^"^T^5^^»- ^' ^- Schoeuleber and D. B. Eldredge, Bureau of Agric. Chem- istry and Engineering, U. S. Department of Agriculture. $ — 82 — tJ.>.i<." DON'T FEED FUNGUS Don't let YOUR Cold Frames Rot! Treat them ^th Cold frames, celery boards, flats, stakes— all your lumber for next year's crops— what condition is it in? What will it be like a year from now? You know what Rot will do. Lumber is still scarce and costly. But you can stop this rot right now with Cuprinol, the famous old Danish formula so easily applied by brush, spray or dip, that pene- trates the fibres and eliminates the nourishment on which rot, fungus and insect borers feed. Cuprinol is not costly, and one treatment does the work. Paint over it if you wish, for coops, sheds, etc., but Cuprinol is the product that stops the rot, and Cuprinol treated wood is harmless to plants, poultry and animals. But you won't use Cuprinol if you don't have it handy, so keep a gallon or two al- ways ready. Its use will considerably reduce repairs and replacements. Cuprinol aver- ages 400 sq. ft. of wood treated to the gal- lon. In gallon, 5 gallon and 50 gallon drums. > CUPRINOL, Inc., 33 Spring Lane, Boston 9, Massachusetts #• r 1i ' l! If tr Fighting the Weeds Weed control in carrots by spraying with oil has been found to save long hours of labor in many Pennsylvania fields this year. A report of methods demonstrated in Philadelphia County this year, is being planned at the Annual Meeting of this Association in January. The Market Growers Journal gave an interesting summary of the newer methods of weed control in vegetables in the October, 1945 is- sue. An abstract of this article follows: Oil for Carrots Some years ago studies were made at the University of California, at Davis, Calif., by Robbins, Raynor and Crafts and their associates in the use of stove oil to kill the weeds in carrot rows. Stove oil is not sold as such in the east, but it is not very different from kero- sene. California recommended the use of from 80 to 120 gallons of stove oil per acre, according to spacing of crop and size and density of weeds. They found that the material was more effective when the foliage was wet than when dry, and that there was danger of taste being imparted to the carrots if the spray was applied as near as six weeks to harvest time. Small plants also suffered some injury. The carrots should have two to four true leaves before spraying. At the same time it is difficult to achieve adequate coverage when weeds become too large. Rod Root Weeds in a Carrot Row Wilting Almost Immediately after the AppUcation of "Stoddard's Solvent/' (Philadelphia County Agricultural Extension Demonstration). — 84 — The California workers describe the form of killing, traceable to aromatic compounds, as acute since it is rather quick in its action. Oils also damage the plants by suffocation. This injury is much slower and it is described as chronic. It was found that diesel oils kill most weeds and carrots, gasoline is a good killer but too inflammable, and the stove oil (kerosene group) is satisfactory. Cleaning Fluid Comes Up R. D. Sweet and associate, in New York have been experimenting two years with weed killers. As a result of their work, perhaps ninety per cent of the carrots in the State of New York were sprayed for weeds in the 1945 season. Some of the worst weeds of carrots, namely lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), red root (Amaranthus retroflexus) have proven quite sus- ceptible to the oils. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and galin- soga (Galinsoga parvi flora) seems to be somewhat tolerant. Recent work in New York points to the wider use of cleaning fluids instead of stove oils or kerosenes. This refers to the newer type of safety cleaning fluids based on "Stoddard's Solvent." This has a flash point of over 100, will burn but will not explode from a spark. Gaso- lines have a flash point under 100, mostly in the neighborhood of 80 and are effective for weed control, but are dangerous to use. The cleaning fluids show a minimum of flavor effect, any imparted taste seems to disappear in two weeks after application during the sum- mer. Observations are to be taken on this point as cooler weather ap- proaches. As a matter of fact, most of the spraying for the season 1945 in New York has been with the cleaning fluids. The rates of application range from 50 to 150 gallons per acre, de- pending on size and stand of weeds and whether or not the space between the rows as well as the rows is covered. The material costs approximately 14 cents to 16 cents per gallon, compared with 10 cents to 12 cents for suitable kerosenes. The cost of application may be expected to range from $1 to $5 per acre. It is not usual to make more than one application. For a small acreage a knapsack sprayer is satisfactory, and on larger areas the usual potato sprayer or a garden tractor equipped for spraying will serve well. Material is economized by using a fine nozzle and some like a fan-shaped nozzle rather than the cone type. The important point is 100 per cent coverage. Pressure and nozzle are relatively unimportant. — 85 — 1 «• teii!^^ -'^<"- J- ONLY HAS , ... tf ' ■ BAND-WAY Fertilizer Placement Iron Age Two Row Potato Planter . 1 Iron Age Two Row Vegetable Planter \\. » I YOUR BEST CROP YIELD INSURANCE • Band-Way requires less fertilizer yet increases crop yield. • Band-Way speeds seed growth and plant growth. • Band- Way placement is adjustable for soil conditions. • Band-Way protects seed and plant . . . eliminates burning. Iron Age POTATO PLANTERS There's an Iron Age Potato Planter to fit every need . . .one, two, three and four row models with Band-Way ferti- lizer placement for greater crop yields per acre. Iron Age VEGETABLE PLANTERS For planting beans, com, peas, cotton, etc., use Iron Age Band-Way Vege- table Planters for lower cost and great- er crop yields. Band-Way protects crop profits under all soil conditions. Can be converted quickly into Potato Planters. Iron Age TRANSPLANTERS Better crop yields are guaranteed plant- ers using Iron Age Do-Mor Trans- planters because of their flexibility and accuracy. Iron Age places fertilizer scientifically at the same time as plants are set. Write for Catalog — Today. Iron Age Two Row Transplanter A.B.FARQUHAR COMPANY. YORK. PA 2234 Duke Street York, Pennsylvania Sinox for Peas Cannery peas are planted broadcast with a grain drill. Ragweed, mustard and nightshade are sometimes serious weeds. Grigsby and Barrons tried Sinox and found satisfactory results, but very care- ful control is necessary. They diluted Sinox, 1 to 100, and used 100 gallons per acre. Applications should not be made after the plants are six inches high. A new material designated at G-320, (Dow Chemical Co.) applied at a dilution of 1 to 1,000 seemed better than Sinox. Sinox is the commercial name of sodium dinitro-ortho-cresylate put out by Standard Agricultural Chemicals, Inc., and its value is dependent on its sticking to weeds and not to peas, onions or grass. In California, Westgate and Raynor found that peas were in- jured by a concentration of one to sixty but not by the concentration of one to 120. The method may prove useful for mustard, but they do not yet recommend it. They confirm the Michigan warning that it should not be used after the peas are from four to six inches high. Sinox is to be applied only when the foliage is dry and the hu- midity is low. Canada Thistle, Mustard and Garlic in a Pea f ^^^f • Spol J^^^^^^ with certain new cheimcals, such as Sinox or 2, 4-D, is suggested. Ref., The control of weeds in canning peas with chemical sprays. Reprint from Mich. Agric. Expt. Sta. Quar. Bull.: 28,2, Nov. 1945. — 87 — * I I ' r Compiunents of THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY Makers of AGRICO and * » ' AA QUALITY FERTILIZERS and 18% Normal Superphosphate Baltimore, Md. Buffalo, N. Y. Carteret, N. J. Controlling Weeds in Carrots with Chemicals M. L. Odland* A considerable experimental work has been done on the use of chemicals to control weeds. In California (3) it has been found that store oil may be used as a spray to kill weeds in carrot fields. In New York state (4) the cleaning fluid, "Stoddard's Solvent" has proven of value as a selective spray for parsnips and carrots. Sovo- sol No. 5 and Stoddard Solvent are being recommended in Massa- chusetts (2). Certain materials were tested at State College on car- rots to determine their value as selective weed killers. Six plots of equal size were laid out and the five materials were used on five of the plots, the sixth plot being given no treatment and used as a check against the treated plots. The materials were ap- plied in the form of a spray on July 11 when the carrots were ap- proximately three inches high. There was an abundance of the following species of weeds in all plots: Smartweed (polygonum per- sicaria), common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolio), common pep- per grass (pepidium apetolum), foxtail (setaria sp.), purslane (portu- laca oleracea) and common plantain (plantago lanceolota). Stoddard solvent gave a very promising control of the weeds with very little injury to the carrots. Aromatic fraction 53877 and safety solvent 53879 also gave a good control of weeds with very httle injury to the carrot crop. Paraffinic fraction 53876 killed the weeds but also injured the crop. Very little weed control was ob- tained with naphthenic fraction 53878. In the no treatment plot the weed growth practically ruined the carrot crop. The Value of Certain Materials for the Control of Weeds in Carrots Treaiment^ Weed Control Injury to Carrels 1. Stoddard Solvent 53817 (Control Good Very little injury to crop 2. Paraffinic fraction 53876 Good Considerable injury to crop 3. Aromatic fraction 53877 Good Very little injury to crop 4. Napthenic fraction 53878 Practically no effect on weeds No injury to crop 5. Safety Solvent 53879 1 Good Very little injury to crop 6. No treatment (Check) Weeds in number sufficient to prac- tically ruin crop • All materials used were supphed by the Atlantic Refining Company, 3144 Passyunk Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. ♦ Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State College. — 89 — t 4 ?m:^:;*;: •{ ifl f Discussion Reports on experimental work on selective sprays (1), (2), (4) in- dicate that chemicals can be used to eliminate much of the tedious hand weeding of carrots and parsnips. Good control of weeds was obtained with certain materials at State College in 1945. It is rec- ommended that a flat nozzle, such as the skinner greenhouse irriga- tion nozzle No. SS50, be used (2). In general, the carrots should have two to four true leaves at spraying time. Some Pennsylvania grow- ers have used selective weed killers on carrots with considerable saving of labor. It appears that some injury occurs to carrots when these sprays are used and the grower might find it advisable to try the material in a small way to gain knowledge and experience before using it extensively. Literature 1. Crofts, A. S., and Reiber, H. G. — Toxicity of oils to carrots and weeds. Calif. Agr. Col. Mimeo. Leaflet, p. 1-3. April, 1944. 2. Lachman, W. H. — The use of oil sprays as selective herbicides for carrots and parsnips. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:445-448. 1944. 3. Raynor^ R. N. — Chemical weeding of carrots with stove oil sprays. Calif. Agr. Mimeo. Leaflet. March, 1944. 4. Sweet, R. D., etal. — Oil sprays for the control of weeds in carrots and other vegetables. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:440-444. 1944. FOR BIGGER, BETTER CROPS DON'T GAMBLE ON THE WEATHER • • Use ATLAS OVERHEAD IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT Your annual rainfall may be ample, but does it come when you need it? A few dry days (nearly every growing season has them) and bright pros- pects fade. Quantity and quality of crops suffer. Insure full production and top quality by using ATLAS PORTABLE OVERHEAD IRRIGATION — light weight electrically welded, non- annealed, hot-dip galvanized steel pipe equipped with the Horseshoe Latch Coupling — the coupling with mechanical dignity. Write today for literature and prices. ATLAS SUPPLY DIVISION Jones & Laughlin Supply Company Muikogee* Okla. P. O. Box 1548 —go- Factors Influencing Yields of Market Peas Why are yields of peas, grown for home use and the market, low, especially in warmer areas? Why are stands poor? How is the best way to apply fertilizer? Does it pay to treat pea seed? These were the important questions which lead to a special study by W. C. Barnes and C. N. Clayton in the Holly Hill area and at the Truck Ex- periment Station in South Carolina. The results are reported in Bui. 354, "Some Factors Affecting Production of Market or Garden Peas," March, 1945, Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, S. C. Seed Treatment Gives Better Stands Significantly better stands and larger yields were obtained when pea seed were treated with Semesan and Spergon. Considerable protection was given against seed decay and diseased plants with Semesan, Spergon and Arason in comparison with Cuprocede and Spergon treatments and from no treatment. It is suggested that li ounces of graphite be mixed with each bushel of Semesan treated seed to increase the rate of flow in seed- ing. Spergon treated seed tends to flow through the planter more readily than untreated seed. Band Application of Fertilizer Avoids Injury Highly significant increases in yield were obtained by the applica- tion of the fertilizer (600 and 1000 pounds of 5-10-5 per acre) in a band on each side of the seed over that obtained from mixing the fertilizer in the row. The 600-pound per acre gave as good yields as did 1000 pounds. Applying the fertilizer (1200 pounds of 5-10-5 per acre) in bands or mixing it in the row eight days before planting resulted in signi- ficantly better stands than were obtained from applying it in the row at planting time. Some injury to the plants resulted from mix- ing the fertilizer in the row eight days before planting, but the re- duction in stand was not significant. Considerable injury to plants was observed where the fertilizer was mixed in the row at planting. In the rate of seeding tests with Laxton Progress, in three-foot rows, increased yields were recorded with increases in rate of seed- ing up to 1.5 bushel per acre. With seeds planted 1-, 2-, and 4-inches deep there was some delay in germination of the 4-inch seed, leading to a recommendation that pea seed be planted from 1 to 2-inches deep. — 91 — I '■■^A-.'M >i1*^J I' Growing Peas in Pennsylvania— A Record FRANK APP* In 1939, a few farmers from Pennsylvania came over to Seabrook Farms Company and inquired whether Deerfield Packing Corpora- tion, their affiliate, would not establish a pea processing plant in Pennsylvania. At the time, Pennsylvania was felt to be of minor interest in the quick-freezing operations. It was decided, however, to place a few viners in Pennsylvania which would be a guide for future developments. This original pilot acreage has continued to expand into a sizeable operation. An examination of the yields since 1940 for these growers, compared to the yields of all the growers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey as well as the yields of growers of other pea producing States, shows a good record. The growers are to be congratulated on their fine record of achievement. Pea Yields in Pennsylvania for Deerfield Packing Growers, All Growers and Growers of Other States 1940-1944 Compared 5-Year Average 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Area Deerfield Packing^ Penna. Growers J Pennsylvania Seabrook Farms | Co. — New Jersey} Delaware Maryland ,. Virginia .- - * New York ; Wisconsin Washington Oregon United States 2,212 1,914 2,218 1,112 1,654 1,304 1,662 1,688 2,198 2,636 1,844 2,254 2,646 1,685 1,930 2,544 (3,562) 2,450 2,080 1,470 1,720 1,850 2,293 2,183 1,460> 3,114 2,038 (3,362) 900 2,000 2,040 1,700 1,750 1,610 1,420 1,854 950 1,510 940 1,410 1,800 2,680 3,440 1,915 1,100 1,200 890 2,080 1,760 2,300 3,800 1,953 1,230 1,650 1,590 1,210 1,690 2,410 2,600 1,858 1,380 1,910 1,060 1,910 1,440 1,990 1,920 1,640 • Deerfield Packing Corporation, Bridgeton, N. J. Rainfall for pea season least of any on record. The peas grown for Deerfield Packing Corporation are all of the sweet variety. These respond well to the better farm practices that should be followed to produce both quantity and quality. Probably this is the reason for the higher yields for this particular group of growers over and above that of the State as a whole. It also may have some bearing on the comparative yields with other States. But what is more important to the grower, it means favorable response to good farm practices which include a selection of the field, the proper amount of lime and ample quantities of fertilizers and timeliness of seeding. When these conditions are all met, peas become a stable farm cash crop, — 92 — .■■.■.■^^y^^^^^■■■ ■^^^.•w *. , .;iS;;^s^^.-. ^y ■•<«** Ample Viner Capacity Helps to Ayoid Delays — (J.M.H.) Peas are a good nurse crop with which to seed alfalfa, Ladino clover and the pasture grasses. The conditions are the same for these crops as those most desirable for peas. The crop can be grown profitably with or without livestock. < Dusting Peas by Airplane Ayoids Injury to the Vines — Atomizing Rotenone in Oil at Seabrook Farms. — 93 — r«tS;iv • six hours lost time on the basis of horse-drawn equipment. The use of pea harvesting units in this section is limited to harvesting of green peas for c&nning. Therefore, the entire cost of such machines which is considerable, is chargeable to peas which again emphasizes the output per unit. It is generally admitted that modern pea har- vesting equipment alleviates one of the greatest draw backs to growing peas. The main prerequisite to efficient operation of these machines is a smooth field surface (free from stones, trash, drill ridges, etc.) at the time of harvest. As stressed many times before, proper preparation of the seed bed before and after pea sowing is highly important. In order to leave the field at sowing time in proper condition for efficient harvesting, it is necessary to remove stones and after peas are drilled, roll the ground to smooth out drill ridges and press into the ground the remaining small stones. By all means, this type of soil preparation should be in every grower's program in order to reap full benefit from your soil as well as the harvesting equipment. It is a very short-sighted poHcy NOT to pre- pare properly your pea field at planting time simply because some- one else is to harvest the crop. Your sins will find you out in one form or another — your yields will be reduced and your harvesting costs will be increased — you can't win unless you properly prepare your seed bed. Peas still are a garden crop. Harvester Used for Speedy Cutting and Windrowing The wartime demand for more food production brought an amaz- ing number of equipment items into more general use, among them the Hume Tractor-Rower in the pea growing areas of Pennsylvania. Although this machine has been in use for a period of twelve years, it was the need for all-out wartime production that made the Hume machine practically a "must" item of equipment among canners and growers. One is almost flabbergasted to see this machine coming down the field with the tractor operating in a backward direction. But the inventor of the machine, H. D. Hume, found that ease of attachment, better balance of the entire unit, and elimination of the tractor run- ning over the crop when opening up a field— thus eliminating waste -were all practical factors that made this method of "hitch" the scientific one to use. In addition, the operator has a clearer view of his work. In a word, the machine cuts and windrows harvests of peas, soy- beans, and other crops, getting all the crop and delivering it clean and whole. Bender Implement Company McCormick'Deering Sales and Service Somerset. Pa — 102 — ! IGHT BINDING Pea Harvester with the Tractor Operating in a Backward Direction A Windrower is Attached to the Ordinary Mower when the above Machine is not Available. Specially Designed Stub Guards and Vine Lifters are Necessary in Harvesting Peas. Spare Cutting Parts are Always a "Must" in a Busy Pea Season. — (J.M.H.) — 104 — The "business end" of the Tractor-Rower is the ingenious floating cutter bar. This cutter bar is extremely flexible, conforming to the lay of the land even on uneven terrain. The cutter bar drops down into depressions or rides over ridges, "snaking" in conformance to uneven ground. Thus it cuts the whole crop, close to the ground. Specially designed stub guards make the unit dependable on stony soil, since these guards permit the stones to rub off the guard. The Tractor-Rower likewise is equipped with pickup lifter guards, which are adjustable so they can be leveled with the ground. The Hume flexible floating cutter bar is suspended by means of a series of flat springs attached to shoes. This construction, plus I the flexibility of the cutter bar itself, permits the crop to be cut ex- tremely close to the ground, thus getting all the crop. The crop is eft en cut within one inch of the ground. ^. -. Another feature of the Hume machine is the use of the combina- tion bat and tine pickup reel. Even with down crops, the bat and tine action reel gently lifts the crop into the cutter bar. Crops knocked flat by winds or rains are no barrier to this special har- vesting reel. - , The crop is delivered clean onto a draper. Openings above the cutter bar prevent rocks and soil from being carried onto the conveyor. The crop is dropped into a neat windrow— all with a minimum of handling. The leaves, grain, seed or pods stay on— does not tangle or rope windrow. . * . ^ Many large canning companies in the East use this machine ex- clusively in pea harvesting. The machine is easily and quickly mounted to any standard make of cultivator type tractor, and the manufacturer furnishes special flttings for quick attachment. Very dramatic proof of the uncanny ability of the Hume-Tractor- Rower to harvest all the crop under unusual conditions of terrain, is found in the fact that the machine operates perfectly even on steep hillsides. , Users report crop savings of 10% to 35% with this machine. This may mean the difference between profit and loss in canning and harvesting operations, many years. And under conditions of down crops, the efficiency of the edgewise action bat and tine reel is ■ such that a machine is often paid for in just a few hours operation. The manufacturer, H. D. Hume Company, of Mendota, Illinois, anticipates a continued heavy demand for this machine among food packers and growers. !' ' — 105 — i: ^:~^i.'i'..^im*2jf^iAt^wJ^'},i^i^^'.---\^\~ V+. *■ "^tf- f/; ;' Pea Harvester wilh the Tractor Operating in a Backward Direction A Windrower is Attached to the Ordinary Mower when the above Machine is not Available. ''] Specially Designed Stub Guards and Vine Lifters are Necessary in Harvesting Peas. Spare Cutting Parts are Always a "Must" in a Busy Pea Season.— (J.M.H.) — 104 — The "business end" of the Tractor-Rower is the ingenious floating cutter bar. This cutter bar is extremely flexible, conforming to the lay of the land even on uneven terrain. The cutter bar drops down into depressions or rides over ridges, "snaking" in conformance to uneven ground. Thus it cuts the whole crop, close to the ground. V Specially designed stub guards make the unit dependable on ' stony soil, since these guards permit the stones to rub off the guard. The Tractor-Rower likewise is equipped with pickup lifter guards, which are adjustable so they can be leveled with the ground. The Hume flexible floating cutter bar is suspended by means of a series of flat springs attached to shoes. This construction, plus the flexibility of the cutter bar itself, permits the crop to be cut ex- tremely close to the ground, thus getting all the crop. The crop is cften cut within one inch of the ground. Another feature of the Hume machine is the use of the combina- tion bat and tine pickup reel. Even with down crops, the bat and tine action reel gently lifts the crop into the cutter bar. Crops knocked flat by winds or rains are no barrier to this special har- vesting reel. The crop is delivered clean onto a draper. Openings above the cutter bar prevent rocks and soil from being carried onto the conveyor. The crop is dropped into a neat windrow — all with a minimum of handling. The leaves, grain, seed or pods stay on— does not tangle or rope windrow. . Many large canning companies in the East use this machine ex- clusively in pea harvesting. The machine is easily and quickly mounted to any standard make of cultivator type tractor, and the manufacturer furnishes special flttings for quick attachment. Very dramatic proof of the uncanny ability of the Hume-Tractor- Rower to harvest all the crop under unusual conditions of terrain, is found in the fact that the machine operates perfectly even on steep hillsides. Users report crop savings of 10% to 357r with this machine. This may mean the difference between profit and loss in canning and harvesting operations, many years. And under conditions of down crops, the efficiency of the edgewise action bat and tine reel is such that a machine is often paid for in just a few hours operation. The manufacturer, H. D. Hume Company, of Mendota, Illinois, anticipates a continued heavy demand for this machine among food packers and growers. — 105 — 'W ^'^^-■^'■m^ INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE 0..f^ I New Pea Harvesting and Loading Machine A report comes from Mr. E. J. Smith, Box 123, King Ferry, New York, that he has developed a machine that mows and loads pea vines onto a wagon or truck. He says thfit his machine was de- veloped to save labor, time, and to deliver the peas to the viner at the time when they have reached their greatest weight and are still of prime quality for canning. ' This particular machine was built to operate on an International H tractor. However, it could be adapted to others of the Farm-All type. The mowing mechanism was changed from that of the con- ventional type to "push type" mower and cuts a wider swath. It moves slowly around a field but, because of the die swath, cuts about two acres per hour. The cutting bar being in front and wide enough to clear all equipment, no peas are run down when opening up a field. The vines are moved up a short ramp from the cutting bar, much the same as hay is moved up by a loader with the push type bar. From this short ramp the vines are moved onto a narrow platform, running the entire length of the cutting bar. From this platform the vines drop to an elevator which takes them back to the wagon or truck. The elevator is supported by castor wheel on lower end of elevator is 12 feet, and it is 20 feet long. The feed table, cutting bar and elevator are operated by the power take- off of the tractor. Feeding Value of Pea- Vine Silage Pea-vine silage is used extensively in feeding dairy cattle, beef cattle, horses, and other livestock. The following analyses are taken from Morrison's "Feeds and Feeding": Total Dry Digestible digestible matter protein nutrients Ibf. % % 26.7 1.1 17.4 27.9 2.6 17.8 90.4 10.3 50.3 88.7 4.2 51.6 Com silage, well matured, fair in ears Pea-vine silage Alfalfa hay, good Timothy hay, early bloom When pea vines are applied directly to land from the viner, with- out first going through stack or silo fermentation, there is danger of spreading plant diseases. In any event, the vines will have a higher fertilizing value if first fed to livestock and the manure applied to the field. If the vines are put back on the land, these fields should not be planted to peas for at least four years. — 106 — Quality— The Keynote for the Keystone State H. L. SEATON^ Early in the development of the canning industry in the United States most of the national pack of canned peas were grown and processed in the northeastern and Atlantic Coast States. As the industry expanded pea production shifted to the north central and northwestern areas. Unlike most of the neighboring states, Penn- sylvania's acreage and pack of peas has been increasing in recent years. According to the statistical reports of the National Canners Association for the period from 1930 to 1934, the average annual pack was less than 200,000 cases, in 1944 the pack was 819,890 cases and while data is not available for 1945, indications are that the pack will be well over one million cases. Many districts in Pennsylvania have favorable climatic and soil conditions as well as a system of farming where good yields of quality peas can be produced. Future expansion of pea growing may be expected if both yields and quality are maintained at high levels. During the war emphasis has been given to production and in some cases quality has slipped. In the postwar adjustment period both growers and canners should make Quality the Keynote in the Keystone State, The question may be asked, "Is quality the concern of the canner or the grower?" From our contacts with large numbers of canners and growers in the principal pea producing areas of the United States, we are of the opinion that quality is largely determined by the combined efforts of both parties working together toward the same goal. In other words, good relationships between the canning company and its growers are vital to the industry. Neither party can prosper without the other. Few canners have been able to show a profit by packing standard quality peas. The consuming public demands and will pay a premium for fancy and extra standard peas.' Where peas are purchased on grade it is much to the grower's advantage to deliver the higher priced grades. Canner-grower relations vary widely among different companies and in the different districts. Our observations in the various states strongly indicate that those companies with a progressive grower policy and an adequate, active, intelligent and co-operative field force to carry it to the growers, are the most effective. They make i a point of getting the better farmers in the better farming com- munities to contract for peas and as a result obtain higher yields, better quality and have better satisfied growers. They supply the best seed obtainable, fertilizer, inoculation, seed treatment and ♦ Chief Crops Consultant, Research Department, Continental Can Co., Inc. — 107 — ■'•,.'. TIGHT BINDING yi 1 I ■ '^ schedule plantings so that the crop will not bunch badly at the viners and at the factory. In some districts the canner furnishes the seed drills and machines and labor for harvesting the crop at the "fleeting moment of perfection." Success in pea growing and canning is not then a question of more acres but rather one of better acres. Growers with low yields or partial failures are dissatisfied with the crop and their returns are absorbed largely by the relatively high charges for seed. On the other hand, few complaints are ever heard from growers with high yields. They like to grow peas as they have found them to be a profitable cash crop which fits well in their farm rotation. Peas are a good nurse crop for alfalfa and clover and in some areas they are off the land in time for a second crop. Pea silage is a nutritious food for their stock. As a crop, they have a definite place in Penn- sylvania agriculture. In conclusion, we are of the opinion that all companies contracting for peas have the job of providing an adequate and competent field force to make sure all of their growers know how to grow a good crop of quality peas and thus make money from growing them. On the other hand, it is equally important that the grower assume the responsibility to follow closely the recommendations of the com- pany's fieldman in the rotation of his crops, the selection of his fields, their preparation and fertilization, planting and harvesting on pre-arranged schedules so that the canning company can make the greatest use of its investment in viners and factory equipment. With such a program Quality can he made the Keynote for the Keystone State. p Fancy Quality Peas of the Surprise type (above) and Standard Quality (below).— (JMJi.) — 108 — Factors Affecting Pea Quality for Freezing A study of the factors that affect quality in the freezing preserva- tion of peas is reported by Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, California, in The Canner, March 17, 1945, and The Food Packer, April, 1945. The tenderometer, according to the authors, is used extensively in judging the harvest maturity of peas. The peas are brought to certain temperature in water and then placed in the instrument, hich measures the amount of force necessary to shear them. This hearing force is closely related to the maturity or starch content f peas. The lack of a standard for the adjustment of the tenderometer is eported to be the principal criticism, in order to assure the packer hat his readings are comparable to those given by the instruments sed by his competitors. Comparison of the instrument with an- ther method of grading, they say, which has a fundamental basis [such as starch content may prove to be the answer to this problem. I The brine test, which measures the density of peas by the per- centage of sinkers in brine, is reported to show large deviations in correlations with tenderometer readings, starch contents and taste tests. The method is simple, requires a small amount of equipment and can be carried out at any time. The starch content of peas has been proposed as a method of ^evaluating maturity in peas. It is less rapid than the tenderometer and probably more rapid than the brine method, according to the authors. As it measures starch, which gradually increases in peas as they mature, the method rests on a fundamental basis which is less subject to question than any other procedure that has been proposed. The principal drawback at present is lack of sufficient data on allowable limits of starch content for a given grade of peas. Studies on the subject are under way. Losses in quality of peas begin to occur as soon as they are vined. Most of the loss in quality, after the first few hours of delay, is caused by bacteria growing on the peas rather than by respiration and other internal changes. Deterioration in quality becomes very ^marked when the bacteria begin to multiply rapidly. The most satisfactory method of handling peas, if delay periods kare anticipated, is to precool them in ice water, drain and mix them fwith cracked or powdered ice. Since blanched. material is a more favorable medium for bacterial growth than unblanched, blanching to prevent spoilage due to delay is not recommended. — 109 — ill-:.: TIGHT BINDING schedule plantings so that the crop will not bunch badly at the viners and at the factory. In some districts the canner furnishes the seed drills and machines and labor for harvesting the crop at the "fleeting moment of perfection." Success in pea growing and canning is not then a question of more acres but rather one of better acres. Growers with low yields or partial failures are dissatisfied with the crop and their returns are absorbed largely by the relatively high charges for seed. On the other hand, few complaints are ever heard from growers with high yields. They like to grow peas as they have found them to be a profitable cash crop which fits well in their farm rotation. Peas are a good nurse crop for alfalfa and clover and in some areas they are off the land in time for a second crop. Pea silage is a nutritious food for their stock. As a crop, they have a definite place in Penn- sylvania agriculture. In conclusion, we are of the opinion that all companies contracting for peas have the job of providing an adequate and competent field force to make sure all of their growers know how to grow a good crop of quality peas and thus make money from growing them. On the other hand, it is equally important that the grower assume the responsibility to follow closely the recommendations of the com- pany's fieldman in the rotation of his crops, the selection of his fields, their preparation and fertilization, planting and harvesting on pre-arranged schedules so that the canning company can make the greatest use of its investment in viners and factory equipment. With such a program Quality can be made the Keynote for the Keystone State. -•^■i"-'fi. Fancy Quality Peas of the Surprise type (above) and Standard Quality (below).— (J.M.H.) — 108 — Factors Affecting Pea Quality for Freezing A study of the factors that affect quality in the freezing preserva- tion of peas is reported by Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, California, in The Canner, March 17, 1945, and The Food Packer, April, 1945. The tenderometer, according to the authors, is used extensively in judging the harvest maturity of peas. The peas are brought to a certain temperature in water and then placed in the instrument, which measures the amount of force necessary to shear them. This shearing force is closely related to the maturity or starch content of peas. The lack of a standard for the adjustment of the tenderometer is reported to be the principal criticism, in order to assure the packer that his readings are comparable to those given by the instruments used by his competitors. Comparison of the instrument with an- other method of grading, they say, which has a fundamental basis such as starch content may prove to be the answer to this problem. The brine test, which measures the density of peas by the per- centage of sinkers in brine, is reported to show large deviations in correlations with tenderometer readings, starch contents and taste tests. The method is simple, requires a small amount of equipment and can be carried out at any time. The starch content of peas has been proposed as a method of evaluating maturity in peas. It is less rapid than the tenderometer and probably more rapid than the brine method, according to the authors. As it measures starch, which gradually increases in peas as they mature, the method rests on a fundamental basis which is less subject to question than any other procedure that has been proposed. The principal drawback at present is lack of sufficient data on allowable limits of starch content for a given grade of peas. Studies on the subject are under way. Losses in quality of peas begin to occur as soon as they are vined. Most of the loss in quality, after the first few hours of delay, is caused by bacteria growing on the peas rather than by respiration and other internal changes. Deterioration in quality becomes very marked when the bacteria begin to multiply rapidly. The most satisfactory method of handling peas, if delay periods are anticipated, is to precool them in ice water, drain and mix them with cracked or powdered ice. Since blanched material is a more favorable medium for bacterial growth than unblanched, blanching to prevent spoilage due to delay is not recommended. — 109 — TIGHT BINDING INTENTIONAL 2ND EXPOSURE I. •i i I Services to Pea Growers The economic aspects of pea growing in Wisconsin are reported by Walter W. Wilcox, P. E. MgNall and John B. Bowditch, of the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Wisconsin, The Food Packer, June 1945. In 1944 the reports indicate that in the eastern heavy pea grow- ing area the companies did over 40 per cent of the harvest work (cutting, loading and hauling). Forty per cent of these companies in- dicated that they expected to do more of the harvest work (on a fee basis) for their growers in 1945. The shortage of labor has in- fluence the increase in company work. Some companies grew a part of their peas on rented land in 1944 due to their inability to obtain enough increase in acreage on ac- count of labor shortage and competition with other unusually profitable farm enterprises. Most of these companies, however, look forward to returning to contracting for their entire acreage as soon as the war is over. It is their opinion that farmers can grow peas at lower costs than the companies can grow them. One limiting factor on company grown peas is the financial investment in con- trast to risk of loss, in a bad year. With contract growers, this in- vestment and risk is spread. It is difficult to rent good pea land, and a canner must go into general farming if he is to maintain the fertility of company owned land. Only 7 of the 15 companies grow- ing some of their own peas carried livestock on their farms. Grower Relations Few complaints were made by growers with high yields. Growers with low yields usually were dissatisfied. Grower relations varied considerably with the policy of the company. A progressive grower policy in the shape of active, intelligent, and cooperative field men and an effort on the part of the canner to help the grower with his problem and to fully explain price, grading and related matters seemed, according to this study, to be effective. It appeared that companies with the best field man service to growers had the higher average yields. Companies contracting with the better farmers not only had the higher yields but had better satisfied growers. Over a third of the growers expressed dissatisfaction with present grading methods but the greatest possibility for improvement in the pea industry in Wisconsin appears to be in increasing acre yields. — no- Pea Grades for 1945 E. R. Pheir The results of the 1945 pea grading by twenty-seven Federal- State of Pennsylvania inspectors gave further proof that the most satisfactory method of contracting peas for canning and freezing is on the basis of official grades as interpreted by official inspectors, rhe volume of graded peas increased from 11,500,000 pounds in 1944 to 25,000,000 pounds in 1945. This increase was due to a larger acreage contracted on the basis of grades, and to a higher yield per acre in 1945, when growing conditions were generally very favor- able. Ateo, average grades showed an improvement in quality de- livered in 1945 over 1944. The second annual pea inspection school was held at Salisbury- Fruitland, Maryland, a week prior to the start of the Pennsylvania season. The school was conducted by past supervisor, Don James, and his assistant, H. B. Trostle. The instructional work was also capably handled by Jesse M. Huffington and Robert B. Donaldson of the extension service. Also attending were inspection officials from the States of Maryland, and New York, as well as from the United States Department of Agriculture. At the present time, the United States Department of Agriculture is formulating U. S. grades for cannery peas, based largely on the grades established and used suc- cessfully for the past few years in Pennsylvania and in adjoining states. • It was possible, in 1945, to make further check tests of the ac- curacy of the pea grading work by comparing the grades of the raw peas and the grades of the same lots after being processed. Pennsylvania growers and processors of peas are fortunate to have pea inspection developed to such a degree in the state. The growers are enabled, through the inspection, to secure premium prices for delivering peas of high quality, cut at the stage when grade and yield per acre insure maximum return. Likewise, Penn- sylvania processors are enabled to produce high quality goods which is enjoying a high degree of popularity, both with the distributing trade and the consuming public. * In Charge Fruit and Vegetable Division, Bureau of Markets. Quality means steady, dependable profits year by year. It means careful planning in production, harvesting and delivery. Fancy peas always sell. Extra Standards sell most of the time, but standards Und sub-standards are headed for the "loss leader" counter in most I seasons. ^ * — 111 — ^S^^B *^1'1( ,- — ,5_.,._.^--.,_,.^._-,^.,- TIGHT BINDING "v^-V ^^ESi?Ma m^sjL±:j^2:iMM I, \ KTr I Rotary Tillage The first time the principle of rotary tillage has been adapted to multiple row cultivation of narrow row vegetable crops, such as onion, carrots, spinach, parsnips, beets, etc. is in the "Tillivator," an imple- ment just announced by the Ariens Company, Brillion, Wisconsin. Although it is a new implement, since 1940 the "Tillivator" has been in the field cultivating crops from 4 to 9 rows, both in Dower take-off and self-powered models. According to the manufacturer, the "Tillivator" is an accurate means of cultivating narrow row crops. It destroys all weeds, com- pletely cutting and chopping them to prevent their growing again. One man, a tractor and a "TiUivator" can do a thorough job of cultivating at the rate of 1 to 2i acres per hour, depending on the crop and the number of rows to be cultivated. The tiller units are easily adjustable for various row spacings and adjustable in cut- ting widths from 10" to 24" for a variety of row widths and crop conditions. Each unit in the "Tillivator" floats independently of the other so that any number of rows can be cultivated, regardless of soil con- tours. Depth control is adjustable and will always remain at the adjusted depth. Uneveness of soil has no effect on the uniform depth of operation. Outlook for Processed Vegetables In contrast with the moderate changes in acreage of most fresh market vegetables, according to M. C. Bond of Cornell University, the acreage for vegetables for processing has been increased sub- stantially during the war years. One of the most striking developments in recent years in the vegetable industry is the marked expansion in the consumption of frozen vegetables. If frozen vegetables, according to Dr. Bond, can be sold at a reasonable level, not far above the retail prices of can- ned vegetables, a much larger proportion of such vegetables as peas, sweet corn, and spinach, will be processed and moved into consump- tion in this form. Frozen vegetables, already prepared for the table and with no wastage, are likely to provide stiff competition with out-of-season winter production of fresh vegetables that have to be shipped long distances to market, and are available to consumers at relatively high prices. The consumption of canned vegetables per person has increased from about 15 pounds per person in World War I to almost 40 pounds in 1942. Improvements in the quality of canned vegetables, which are already partially cooked and in the service of which there is no waste, has contributed to the expanding consumption. There is no place like HOLMES for SEEDS Specializing in select strains for Greenhouse and Market Growers The Holmes Seed Co. SEED GROWERS Dept. T Canton 2. Ohio SERIOUS CROP SHORTAGEI GUCKS IMPROVED STRAINS PENNA CERTIFIED TOMATO SEED » Necessitating a pio-rata delivery. RUTGERS - MARGLOBE - PRITCHARD • GROTHENS PAN AMERICA - COLCO (Pink) GLOBE. SPECIAL MENTION: TWO NEW LEADERS THE EARLY MARKET: Leads in profits in early staked tomatoes. THE EARLY CANNER: Heavy yielder of large, firm, scarlet fruits, maturing a week or more earlier than Rutgers. (Only a very limited quantity available). CLICK'S SEED FARMS Smoketown, Lancaster Co., Penna. « 112 — 113 — .:LU^.-^\ TIGHT BINDING iMmm3 Index to Advertisers Canners G.L.F. Columbia Farm Prod- ucts Cooperative, Inc 80 Mifflin County Packing Co. . . . 14 Summers, Charles G., Jr., Inc.. 96 Winebrenner, D. E. Co 53 Commission Merchant Roemhild, Albert C 51 Farm Equipment Bender Implement Co '. Farquhar Co, A. B Hume Co.,. H. D 102 86 35 Fertilizer American Agricultural Chem- ical Co., The 88 American Cyanamid Co 63 Lancaster Bone Fertilizer Co. . . 96 Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corporation 40 Reading Bone Fertilizer Co 94 Swift & Co 80 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corporation 62 Union Fertilizer Corporation . . 68 Hail Insurance G. L. Bucker, Supt. Inside Back Cover Insecticides and Fungicides, Dusters and Sprayers Bean Manufacturing Co., John 36 Dow Chemical Company 73 General Chemical Co 60 Myers & Bros. Co., The F. E.. . 71 Pennsylvania Farm Bureau Cooperative Assn 23 . Tobacco By-Products and ^Chemical Corporation Inoculum Superyield Laboratories Irrigation Supplies . • Atlas Supply Co California Corrugated Cul- vert Co Hamilton & Co Preservatives Cuprinol, Inc. 39 78 90 45 65 83 Seeds and Plants Associated Seed Growers, Inc.. 81 Burpee Co., W. A ' Inside Front Cover Crites-Moscow Growers, Inc . . 75 Glick's Seed and Plant Farms . . 113 Harris Co., Joseph 24 Holmes Seed Co 112 Huntington Brothers 31 Robson Seed Farms 25 Scheirs Seed House . .Back Cover Woodruff & Sons, H. F 43 Soil Testing Equipment La Motte Chemical Products Company 63 Cleaning, Washing and Tying Equipment Bean Manufacturing Co., John 36 Felins 33 Weather Service Krick Weather Service 48 — 114 — u. '•■" ~t •■ ■"■ ,v .* ■ V'l'' '•■'■■■K^ ^-^ ■*/ 'Vt^-f-Jj - :-.- -. ■ - ■ ■■ --r' ■p-yy.; '■y;r--at'"^^-.'*'?Ca«.".w'«'- u-ti