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To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN ft 995 L16I— 0-1096 m onies Single and Japanese in the Illinois Trial Garden by F.F.Weinard and H.B.Dorner Bi%fcv^47 University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station CONTENTS PAGE THE GARDEN 97 Purpose and Plan 97 Contributors 98 The Planting 100 FLOWER STRUCTURE OF SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 100 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN VARIETIES 101 VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS FOR SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 103 Single Peonies 103 Japanese Peonies 122 OTHER VARIETIES AND SPECIES IN THE TRIAL GARDEN 149 Semidouble and Double Peonies 149 Peonies Other Than albiflora 150 Unnamed Seedlings 151 VARIETIES APPARENTLY IDENTICAL 152 VARIETIES VERY SIMILAR 152 VARIETIES CAUSING CONFUSION 153 PLAN FOR MASTER PLANTING OF SINGLE, JAPANESE, AND DOUBLE PEONIES 154 Urbana, Illinois November, 1938 Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations made by or sponsored by the Experiment Station 1 bfl Peonies Single and Japanese in the Illinois Trial Garden By F. F. WEINAKD and H. B. DORNER' THERE ARE many beautiful forms of single and Japanese peonies. Many of the older varieties have been imported from Europe or Japan, but some of the best have been originated by hybridizers in this country. With the increase in number of varieties has come confusion in their nomenclature owing to the many close resemblances between the different kinds, and the lack of adequate records of their history and character- istics. Then, too, names have been used which are easily mis- spelled, and at times there may have been intentional substitutions by unscrupulous dealers. The Garden Purpose and Plan. — Commercial growers and others interested in growing and disseminating peonies have been unanimous for years in a desire to correct the confusion existing in the identifica- tion of varieties of single and Japanese peonies. The suggestion for a trial garden for these peonies came first from Mr. John van Leeuwen of Sassenheim, Holland, and the Netherlands' Peony Society expressed a desire to cooperate in such a project. Later at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Peony Society in New York City, March 14, 1926, the president was given authority to appoint a committee of three members "to investigate regarding a test planting of single and Japanese peonies for the purpose of correcting names and eliminating duplicates." A cooperative experiment was arranged with the University of Illinois, Department of Horticulture. Briefly, it was agreed that the trial gardens would be located on University grounds at Urbana, the entire expense of preparing the *F. F. WEINARD, Associate Chief in Floricultural Physiology, and H. B. DORNER, Chief in Floriculture. 97 98 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, ground, fertilizing, planting, and culture during the test period of three to five years to be borne by the University.1 The growers furnishing plants for the garden were to supply them to the University free of charge. The checking of plants was to include all Japanese and single varieties in commerce (tree peonies not included), as far as they could be secured, both from America and from Holland. With respect to planting, it was specified: "Plants are to be set four feet apart each way so as to allow sufficient room for each kind to show its individuality as to plant characteristics, and further, for the purpose of guarding against infection in the event that any of the stock should be diseased." It was further understood that at the conclusion of the experi- ment sufficient stock would be retained by the University for a permanent planting, the increase to be returned to the donors if they so stipulated. Contributors. — The committee proceeded to enlist the inter- est of growers in different parts of the country who had single and Japanese peonies, and arranged for donations of plants of each kind available, from different localities. The names of the persons and firms contributing peonies for the trial garden are listed below. In the description of varieties (pages 103 to 151) these donors are indicated by their respective numbers in this list. 1. American Rose and Plant Co., Springfield, Ohio 2. Auten, Edward, Jr., Princeville, Illinois 3. Babcock Peony Gardens, Jamestown, New York 4. Berneche, E. J., Portland, Oregon 5. Bonnewitz Gardens (Lee R. Bonnewitz), Van Wert, Ohio 6. Brand Peony Farms, Faribault, Minnesota 7. Buechley, E. M., Greenville, Ohio 8. Cherry Hill Nurseries (Thurlows & Stranger, Inc.), West Newbury, Massachusetts *The agreement is reported in full in the American Peony Society Bulletin for December, 1926. The committee of three members acting for the Peony Society con- sisted of Mr. Paul L. Battey, Chairman, Glencoe, Illinois; Mr. Edward Auten, Jr., Princeville, Illinois ; and Mr. W. L. Gumm, Remington, In- diana. After the death of Mr. Gumm in 1931 and the resignation of Mr. Auten, the officers of the Society secured Mr. Charles Wassenberg, Van Wert, Ohio, and Mr. Charles Klehm, Arlington Heights, Illinois, to act on the committee. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 99 9. Christman, W. F., Northbrook, Illinois 10. Clem, Joseph A., Sidney, Ohio 11. Cottage Gardens, Lansing, Michigan 12. Cranfield, W. B., East Lodge, Enfield Chase, Middlesex, England 13. Dumont, W. G., Des Moines, Iowa 14. Franklin Nursery (A. B. Franklin), Minneapolis, Minnesota 15. Gray & Cole, Ward Hill, Massachusetts 16. Greystone Flower Gardens, Oskaloosa, Iowa 17. Gumm, W. L., Remington, Indiana 18. Harris, S. G., Tarrytown, New York 19. Hendrickson, I. S., Jamesport, L. I., New York 20. Hillenmeyer Nurseries, Lexington, Kentucky 21. Indian Spring Farms, Inc., Baldwinsville, New York 22. Ives, Mrs. Francis R., Meriden, Connecticut 23. Jacobs, Mrs. M. W., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 24. Johnson, John M., Liberty, Indiana 25. Koerth, Otto, Fredericksburg, Iowa 26. Kuehner, R. D., Freeport, Illinois 27. Lemke, Dr. A. H., Wausau, Wisconsin 28. Napier, R. A., Blue Island, Illinois 29. Netherlands' Society of Peony Growers and Dealers (Plants forwarded by L. van Leeuwen & Son, wholesale bulb growers and exporters, Sassenheim, Holland. The sixteen growers making contributions were designated by letter.) 30. Northbrook Gardens (Paul L. Battey), Northbrook, Illinois 31. Oronogo Flower Gardens (B. C. Auten), Carterville, Missouri 32. Payne, W. A., Terre Haute, Indiana 33. Pfeiffer Nursery, Winona, Minnesota 34. Puget Sound Peony Gardens (I. W. Goodner), Seattle, Washington 35. Reading, H. G., Franklin, Pennsylvania 36. Reid, Donald U., Syracuse, New York 37. Riverview Gardens, St. Paul, Minnesota 38. Saunders, A. P., Clinton, New York 39. Secor, Miss Nina, Forest City, Iowa 40. Shaylor & Allison, Auburndale, Massachusetts 41. Sisson, W. A., Rosendale, Wisconsin 42. Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, Ohio 43. Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago, Illinois 44. Vories, Judge L. A., St. Joseph, Missouri 45. Wassenberg, Charles F., Van Wert, Ohio 46. Weed's Landscape Nursery (H. E. Weed), Beaverton, Oregon 47. Wettengel, C. N., Macomb, Illinois 48. Windy Hill Gardens, Rapidan, Virginia 49. Wyomissing Nurseries (B. H. Farr), Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania 100 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, The Planting. — -A total of 1,263 plants were received for the trial garden at the University— 975 plants in 1927, 216 in 1928. 58 in 1929, 13 in 1930, and 1 in 1933. When it became evident that there was no way of telling just what was coming or when, the original plan of planting together those varieties which were presumably similar, was abandoned. As a result, the task of com- paring the many similar varieties scattered widely thru the planta- tion was relatively slow and laborious. A notation was made of the condition of the roots as they came in, then the plants were set in the ground. In the first season this was done as late as December 20. A straw mulch was applied over the newly planted roots. Each plant was marked with an embossed aluminum label on a wire stake set firmly in the ground. A total of 57 plants were lost from all causes during the course of the experiment. Many of these were small or weak divisions. Fortunately duplicate plants were available for almost every plant lost. The planting was made in a fertile silt loam area, well drained and sloping slightly toward the north. The plants were set 4 feet apart each way to allow for ease in cultivation and to give each plant plenty of room for normal development. No fertilizers were used. The side buds were removed each spring to allow the terminal flowers to reach a good size. The seed pods were re- moved later to improve the vigor of the plants and also as a precaution against possible mixups which might occur if chance seedlings came up among the other plants. Records were made of the date of emergence of the shoots from the soil, the time of bloom, and other characteristics of plants and flowers which could be used to help distinguish between similar varieties. Flower Structure of Single and Japanese Peonies All the commonly cultivated varieties of herbaceous peonies belong to the species Paconia albiflora, to which the present study was confined. Single peonies have one or two rows of guard petals, varying from white thru light and dark pink or variegated to 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 101 dark red. At the center are found three to five carpels which bear the seeds, surrounded by numerous bright-yellow stamens which produce an abundance of pollen. In some forms of peonies petals like the guards appear among the stamens, and these are referred to as "semidoubles." In double peonies all of the stamens and frequently the carpels have been transformed into petals which more or less resemble the guards. Japanese peonies are a transition type between the singles and doubles, in which the stamens are only partially transformed into petals and are referred to as "staminodes" or sometimes as "petaloids." In some Japanese varieties the slightly enlarged anthers or pollen sacs are borne on normal filaments. In other varieties the stamens take on a ribbon-like to petal form, with vestiges of the anthers showing as yellow lines or spots on the edges. Often the staminodes are incurved, curled or twisted, and they form a cushion in the center of the bloom which contrasts more or less in form and color with the guards to make all manner of attractive combinations. Wherever the vestiges of anthers are present, the problem of identifying the type is not difficult. In some peonies, however, the center consists of a fluffy cushion of narrow staminodes entirely devoid of pollen. These peonies have sometimes been referred to as "anemone Japs" to distinguish them from the "anemone" type in which the center petals show a more or less close resemblance to the guards. While it is not always clear just where to draw the line, it seems fair to class with the doubles those forms which show no vestiges of pollen and no marked contrast between staminodes and guards. This has been done in the present work. Distinguishing Between Varieties Size and color of the guards are two characters most notice- able when a peony bloom is first examined. The size of the blooms on a given variety will vary with the soil, the season, and other factors. In the descriptions which follow referring to disbudded shoots, the "very large" flowers were, under favorable conditions, 7 inches or more in diameter. "Large" flowers were 6 inches, "medium" 5 inches, and "small" about 4 inches in diameter. Ridgway's "Color Standards and Nomenclature" was used to 102 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, determine colors. The range from pink to dark red included rose pink (light pink) ; amaranth pink (medium pink) ; Tyrian pink and spinel pink (dark pink) ; amaranth purple (bright red) ; aster purple (slightly darker than amaranth purple) ; dahlia purple and bordeaux (dark red). The blush-pink color describing some varieties, but not included in Ridgway, simply means that there was a faint blush on the petals which was apt to fade to white. The time of bloom is also an important distinguishing char- acter. The period of beginning bloom of the single and Japanese peonies at Urbana, Illinois, extended as a rule from May 22 to June 7. The early varieties opened during the first three days of the season. Then there was a sharp increase in the numbers of midseason varieties coming into bloom each day for about six days. Then the late varieties straggled in over an eight-day period. In distinguishing between varieties which are superficially similar, the color and shape of the staminodes (Japanese peonies), the color of the stigmas or carpel tips, the presence or absence of hairs on the carpels, and the development and color of the disk, as well as the appearance of the guards, were found to be very useful. The disk is an outgrowth of the receptacle or tip of the flowering stem. It shows as a more or less distinct collar encircling the carpels, in some varieties reduced to a few small pointed or rounded projections. Sometimes the staminodes of Japanese peonies retain the fila- ments of normal stamens, and resemble the latter more or less closely. Frequently, however, they are narrow, with rather parallel sides, best described as linear. Those which are slightly wider toward the pointed tips are referred to as oblanceolate, and the spoon-shaped forms as spatulate. Ob ovate staminodes are those which most resemble guard petals in shape. Some plants have a bushy, compact appearance, and a few out- standing varieties are noticeably erect. The great majority of vig- orous plants, however, are best described as spreading. In a rela- tively few cases where the weight of the blooms carries the lower branches to the ground, the plants may justly be called widely spreading or even sprawling. Some plants may be seen covered with a mass of flowers borne close to the foliage, but as a rule the blooms of single and Japanese peonies show 5 or 6 inches above 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 103 the mass of foliage (ivell above), while the outstanding varieties may bear their flowers 8 inches above the foliage (high above). Variety Descriptions for Single and Japanese Peonies Among the closely related varieties of single and Japanese peonies many resemblances are to be found. Oftentimes differ- ences which are difficult to put into words can be seen at a glance when flowers and plants are compared. On the other hand, some varieties with apparently identical blooms are nevertheless distinct, perhaps coming into flower at different times. Even tho repeated comparisons were made in the course of this work, doubtless some cases of synonomy were overlooked or errors made. The single and Japanese peonies which seem to be distinct varieties and correctly named, as far as could be determined, are described below in some detail.1 While no attempt was made to rate the different varieties, the authors feel that it is not out of place to call attention to those which appeared to best advantage. A star (*) following the name of a variety indicates that it was one of those showing to best advantage in the trial garden. The American Peony Society rating is likewise given wherever such rating has been made. The numbers in italics following the names refer to the donors (see list of donors on pages 98 and 99). Where the variety received was not true to name, the donor's number has been omitted. Single Peonies (albiflora) Apple Blossom (4) Small, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. A Japanese Apple Blossom is also described. 'The American Peony Society committee, particularly Mr. Little and Mr. Brand, helped greatly by ruling on some of the more puzzling cases of doubtful type or mixed nomenclature. 104 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Areos (21) Large, blush pink, early. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, compact. A blush pink single, with hairy, pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Awadji (Millet, 1905)* (5) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spread- ing; flowers high above the foliage. Balliol* (29L) Large, amaranth purple, early. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large and com- pact, with flowers showing well above the foliage. Lord Kitchener is identical. Baron J. Hulot (Millet, 1919) (5) Medium size, pink blush, midseason. Carpels smooth, with white tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Sagoromo is identical. Black Beauty (Berneche, 1924)* (4) Very large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with white tips; disk distinct, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and showing high above the foliage. Black Magic (Auten, 1929)* (2) Very large, bordeaux, midseason. Stamen filaments red; carpels smooth, with white tips; disk conspicuous, cream-colored. Plant large, spreading; flowers showing well above the foliage. Black Prince (Thurlow, 1915)* 8.5 (8, 21, 46) Medium size, dark amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with white tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and showing well above the foliage. Brilliant (17) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers showing high above the foliage. Camille (Dessert, 1908) 7.3 (1, 29D) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Carnea 8.4 (48) Large, blush pink, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Carnot (Dessert, 1913) 7.7 (1, 5, 17) Large amaranth purple, early. Stamen filaments red; carpels smooth, with red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 105 compact. A blush pink variety, apparently Edith West, was also received under this name. Caroline (Pleas) (3, 45) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact. Catherine Parry (Hendrickson, 1925) (19, 48) Very large, blush pink, early. Carpels hairy, with light pink tips; disk distinct, white. Plant large, compact, with flowers showing well above the foliage. Catherine S. Fox (Berneche, 1920)* (4, 46) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact, with flowers showing well above the foliage. Celeste Brochet (Brochet) (46) Medium size, white speckled with amaranth pink, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips pink; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Celestial (Dessert) (46) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk high, dark pink. Plant medium size, spreading. A pink-flowered variety with smooth carpels was also received under this name. Cendrillon (Japan-Dessert, 1913) 7.7 (5, 29D, 29J, 49) Medium size, guards folded, and notched at tips, pink with red streaks, midseason. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk dis- tinct, dark pink. Plant medium size, compact. Clairette (Dessert, 1905) 8.1 (1, 5, 29B, 30, 40, 49) Large, blush pink, early. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Clio (Peterson, 1906) 7.6 (30, 45) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with cream- colored, pink-tinged tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, compact. Colonel Poe (Kelway)* (1) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, with white, pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, white, tinged pink. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous and showing well above the foliage. Columbus (17) Large, spinel pink, early. Carpels hairy, with red tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. 106 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Corinne (Auten, 1926) (2) Medium size, blush pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark pink tips; disk distinct, light pink. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous and showing well above the foliage. Dai-jo-kuhan (Millet) (1, 29B, 29H, 49) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with white, pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, com- pact, with numerous flowers. A pink-flowered double variety was also received under this name. Darkness (Brand, 1913)* 8.2 (2, 6, 17) Medium size, bordeaux, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk conspicuous, white, tinged pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and brilliant, held well above the foliage. Deborah Sayles (Shaylor, 1916) (40, 48) Large, blush pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk conspicuous, broad, dark pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Defiance (Terry, 1903) 7.0 (13) Medium size, aster purple, early. Carpels hairy, with red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Demetrius (24) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk distinct, red. Plant small, compact. Departing Sun (Wilkus)* 8.5 (37) Very large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark red tips; disk conspicuous, red. Plant large, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. A Japanese Departing Sun is also described. Dorothy (Kelway, 1898) 7.5 (8) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk conspicuous, broad, dark pink. Plant large, com- pact; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. Duchess of Portland is identical. Dorothy Allison (Shaylor, 1918) (17, 21) Large, white, speckled with pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk distinct, dark pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous, close to the foliage. Dreadnought (Barr) (46) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 107 Duchess of Portland (Barr) 7.8 (8), see Dorothy A pink double variety was also received under this name. Edith West (Brand, 1920) (2, 21) Very large, blush pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. Lady Lillian Ogle, Pure Love, Rosy Dawn, and The Bride are apparently identical. Eglantine (Dessert, 1913) 8.1 (5, 21, 29D, 29N, 30) Large, light amaranth pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; practically no disk. Plant medium size, compact. A light pink variety with hairy carpels, tipped dark pink, was also received under this name. Emily (Kelway) 7.4 (8) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white with pink tinge; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous, attractive and held well above foliage. A light pink form with red-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Enchantress (Kelway) (1, 29N) Large, rose pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk distinct, white. Plant large, compact. E. St. Hill (Kelway, 1916)* 8.0 (17, 29N) Large, rose pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark red tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous, attrac- tive and held well above foliage. Etienne Dessert (Dessert, 1913) (5, 30) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark pink tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, erect. Exquisite (3) Large, midseason, white. Carpels smooth, tips cream-colored; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. A Japanese Ex- quisite is also described. Favorite (Berneche, 1920) (4) Very large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous, close to the foliage. Festiva Fragrans (18) Medium size, Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous. Fine Lady (Kelway, 1909) 8.0 (46) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. 108 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Florestine (Berneche, 1924)* (4) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips cream- colored; disk high, white. Plant large, erect; flowers numerous and attractive. Fusyama (Japan) (1,5, 29H, 49) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact. George Alexander (Kelway, 1909-10) (17) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Jupiter is apparently identical. Ginko-nishiki (Japan-Dessert, 1921) (5, 13, 14, 17, 21) Small, white with red streaks, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk conspicuous, red. Plant medium size, spreading. Ginpukurin (29L) Very large, bright aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, compact; flowers showing well above foliage. Gloria (2) Large, light Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Goliath (29 L) Medium size, bright aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. Habanera (Auten, 1930) (2) Large, bright aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips cream- colored; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers showing well above foliage. Hana Gesho (49) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Hesperus is apparently identical. Harriet Olney (Brand, 1920)* 8.7 (6, 28, 30) Very large, light aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk conspicuous, red. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous, very attractive and showing well above foliage. Helen (Thurlow, 1922) 8.9 (21) Large, rose pink, early. Carpels hairy, with red tips; disk con- spicuous, dark pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 111 Hermes (Kelway) (8, 30) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact. A variety received as Wild Rose is apparently identical. A pink variety with cream-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Hesperus (Kelway) (8, 46, 49), see Hana Gesho Hiogo (Millet, 1909) (5) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk conspicuous, red. Plant medium size, spreading. Isani Ishi (29K) Small, blush pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Iten-shikai (Japan) (5, 29C) Small, white with bright red streaks, petals narrow and curled, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk distinct, red. Plant medium size, compact. Two identical plants were received under the name Inten-shikai. Jappensha-ikku (Millet, 1924) 7.8 (29 J, 29L) Large, bordeaux, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips dark red; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Josephine (Kelway, 1897)* 5.0 (20) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk very inconspicuous, dark pink. Plant large, quite compact; flowers very numerous, rather close to foliage. A Japanese Josephine is also described. Jupiter (Kelway) (49), see George Alexander Kamma (5) Small, white with amaranth purple streaks, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips bright red; disk conspicuous, dark red. Plant small, compact. Katori-nahiko (Millet, 1924)* 7.8 (29 L, 48) Large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and attractive, showing high above foliage. Kelway's Luck (Kelway)* (29 A) Large, rose pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk- distinct, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and held high above the foliage. Pride of Langport is apparently identical. Kelway's Rosalie (Kelway) (29 A) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk broad, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. 112 BULLETIN No. 447 {November, Kewanee (Auten, 1930)* (2) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink- tinged; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, erect; flowers held high above foliage. King Albert (Kelway, 1916) 7.9 (29N) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; disk conspicuous, high, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. Kinsui* (29 L) Large, blush pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous, attractive and held well above the foliage. La Fiancee and La Fraicheur are apparently identical. Kossi (Millet, 1909) (1) Large, rose pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk absent. Plant medium size, spreading. Lady Godiva (Kelway) (17} Medium size, rose pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, compact. Lady Lillian Ogle (Kelway) (8, 48), see Edith West Lady Margaret Ferguson (8) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips cream-colored; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Lady of Grace (Kelway) (24) Small, white streaked and blotched with aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk distinct, red. Plant small, compact. La Fiancee (Dessert, 1899)* 8.4 (3, 5), sec Kinsui La Fraicheur (Dessert, 1905)* 8.1 (5, 29D, 29H, 46), see Kinsui La Nuit (Shaylor, 1915) 7.7 (17, 21, 28, 30) Medium size, bordeaux, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact. Laura C. Reed (Hollis) (3, 21) Medium size, bordeaux, early. Carpels hairy, with light pink tips; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Le Jour (Shaylor, 1915)* 8.6 (5, 21, 30, 32) Large, white, early. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk con- spicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, compact. A white-flowered 1938} SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 113 variety with sparsely hairy, pink-tipped carpels and white disk was also received under this name. L'Etincelante (Dessert, 1899)* 8.4 (1, 5, 21, 29B, 30, 43) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk inconspicuous, light pink. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous and attractive. Letitia (Kelway) (1) Large, light aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. Lord Kitchener (Kelway)* (1), see Balliol Lucienne (Dessert, 1908) 7.7 (1, 5, 21, 29D, 46) Medium size, blush pink, midseason. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, with bright red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact. A pink variety with smooth, pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Madeleine Gauthier (Dessert, 1908) 8.5 (5, 17, 21, 29D, 30) Large, rose pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. Maf eking (Kelway)* 8.5 (5, 30) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, compact; flowers nu- merous. A variety resembling the above but with conspicuous pink disk and reddish stems was also received under this name. Marguerite Dessert (Dessert, 1913)* 8.5 (5, 15, 21, 30) Very large, white speckled lightly with pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, dark pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and attractive. Mary Reid (Reid, 1930)* (36) Medium size, amaranth pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, cream. Plant large, erect; flowers numerous and attractive, held well above the foliage. May Bee (Berneche) (4) Large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. A similar variety with hairy, red-tipped carpels was also received under this name. May Davidson (Pleas) (47) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. 114 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, May Oleson (Oleson, 1924) (41) Large, light pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive, showing well above foliage. Mellin Knight (Brand, 1920)* 8.5 (6, 30, 47) Very large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, erect; flowers numerous and striking, showing high above the foliage. Millais (Kelway) 7.4 (46) Large, bright amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Minerve (Dessert, 1909) (1, 5, 29C, 29 J) Large, amaranth pink, early. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, tips red; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Minnehaha (Pleas) (3, 47) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant small, compact. Mischief (Auten, 1925)* 8.7 (2) Large, dark rose pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers attrac- tive and held high above the foliage. Miss Ida Chamberlain (Kelway) (1, 29 L) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips red; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, compact. Mistral (Dessert, 1905) 7.3 (5, 29H) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips red; disk inconspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and attractive, held rather close to the foliage. Mobuchi (Millet) (1, 29K) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. A white double was also received under this name. Mrs. Beerbohm Tree (Kelway) (17, 24, 49) Medium size, blush pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; no disk. Plant medium size, compact. Mrs. Key (Terry) 7.9 (3, 8) Large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, with red tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, spreading. Mrs. Woodward (Terry, 1906) (47) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark pink tips; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant small, compact; flowers held close to foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 115 Mr. Thim (van Leeuwen, 1926)* (29 L) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with dark red tips; disk inconspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, spread- ing; flowers held well above the foliage on strong stems. Nagasaki (Millet)* (1, 29L) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, with dark red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading; attractive flowers showing well above foliage. A Tyrian pink variety with smooth, white-tipped carpels and white disk was also received under this name. Naubunishiki (Japan-Dessert, 1913) (1, 13, 29C, 29J) Medium, white with streaks of amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk pink. Plant medium size, widely spreading. A variety with hairy, red-tipped carpels and hairy stems was received under this name; also one with more red in the guards, red-tipped carpels and disk. A single received from two sources under the name of Kara-ori-nishiki was identical with Naubunishiki. Nekowat (Japan) (1, 29K) Medium size, Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Nellie (Kelway, 1915) 8.4 (5, 10, 17, 30) Medium size, rose pink, early. Carpels hairy, tips dark pink; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, compact. Nulli Secundus (Kelway, 1909) (17, 49) Medium size, amaranth purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, dark pink. Plant large, spreading. Nymphe (Dessert, 1913) 8.7 (1, 5, 29H, 47, 49) Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips bright red; disk inconspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. A Japanese Nymphe is also described. Okinama (Japan) (1,11, 29H, 29 L) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, pink-tinged; disk broad, light pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers held well above foliage. Identical plants were received under the names Ohinawa and Okinawa. Ophir (46) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading. A blush-pink double form was also received under this name. Othello (Dessert, 1908) (1, 5, 29L, 47) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, 116 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, com- pact; flowers rather close to foliage. Perle Blanche (Dessert, 1913) 8.4 (5, 29 N, 49} Large, blush pink, early. Stamens mostly normal, sometimes a few white staminodes in center; carpels smooth with dark pink tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Perle Rose (Dessert, 1913) (5, 20, 29D) Large, rose pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk distinct, red. Plant medium size, compact. Peter Oleson (Oleson, 1924)* 8.0 (41) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading. Petite Louise (Nieuwenhuyzen, 1918)* (1, 29D) Very large, bright amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; the numerous, attractive flowers showing well above the foliage. Pink Delight (Nieuwenhuyzen) (29L) Large, rose pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips bright red; disk very conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Presto (Auten, 1925) 8.6 (2) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk con- spicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Pride of Langport (Kelway, 1910)* 8.9 (5, 30), see Kelway's Luck A pink-flowered double form was also received under this name. Princess Mathilde (Dessert, 1908) 7.2 (1, 3, 15, 29L, 47) Large, Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading;- flowers numerous. Pure Love (Kelway) (5, 21, 46), see Edith West Purple Cup (Secor, 1924) 9.0 (39) Large, bright aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk inconspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Queen Bess (Terry) (47) Large, blush pink, midseason. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, dark pink. Plant large, spreading. Queen of May (Kelway) (29P, 30) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk distinct, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous but quite close to foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 117 Queen of the Belgians (Kelway)* 8.9 (29 L) Very large, white, midseason. Carpels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Rabelais (Dessert, 1922) (29L, 48) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips bright red; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive and held well above the foliage. Red Queen (Kelway)* (2PM) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk conspicuous, lightly tinged with pink. Plant large, compact; flowers many. A Tyrian pink form also received under this name. Rei-ka-zan (29K) Large, light Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, sprawling. Rosy Dawn (Barr) 8.5 (29E), see Edith West R. W. Marsh (Kelway) (1, 29N) Very large, amaranth purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant rtiedium size, compact; flowers numerous and attractive. Sagoromo (Millet, 1924) 7.7 (29]}, see Baron J. Hulot Satsuma (Millet) (1) Large, Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Schwindt (Goos and Koenemann, 1910)* 8.1 (6, 21, 47} Large, amaranth pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, with light pink tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; the numerous, attractive flowers showing well above the foliage. Shinso-jibiki (Millet, 1911) (29D) Medium size, light amaranth pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Shi-pen-kue (Millet) (1, 29F, 49} Large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact; flowers rather close to foliage. A very similar early flowering variety with a conspicuous, pink disk also received under this name. Shirley Walker (Shaylor, 1918)* 8.6 (17, 21, 40, 48) Very large, blush pink, early. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk very conspicuous, white. Plant large, compact. Shogun (1, 5) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk con- spicuous, light pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. 118 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Silver Cup (Kelway, 1909) (17, 21, 46) Very large, blush pink, early. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Sir Aga Khan (Kelway) (29L) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; flowers held high above the foliage. Snow Sprite (Auten, 1930)* (2) Large, white, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk incon- spicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held high above foliage. Somerton (Kelway)* (1, 29L) Large, Tyrian pink, early. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact. Souvenir de Zephir (29C) Small, amaranth purple, early. Carpels hairy, tips pink-tinged; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. Stanley (Kelway, 1890)* 7.8 (8, 46) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, with red tips; disk very conspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. An amaranth purple variety with cream-tipped carpels and cream-colored disk was also received under this name. Success* (28L) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; numerous, attractive flowers showing well above the foliage. Taikoon (Japan) (1, 29 L, 43) Large, amaranth purple, early. Carpels hairy, tips red; disk con- spicuous, red. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous. The Bride (Dessert, 1902)* 8.4 (13, 30), see Edith West The Moor (Barr, 1916)* 7.8 (17, 29 A) Medium size, dark aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. The Queen (Kelway, 1902) 8.3 (21) Very large, white, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips pink; prac- tically no disk. Plant large, compact; numerous flowers close to the foliage. The Bride was also received under this name. Thurlow Weed (46) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips MELLIN KNIGHT Single 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 121 red; disk distinct, red. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attrac- tive and held above foliage. Tom Tinker (Auten, 1930)* (2) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, dark red. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. Toreador (Wettengel, 1921)* 7.8 (5, 45, 47) Very large, aster purple, midseason. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips dark pink; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and held high above the foliage. Veloutine (Dessert, 1908)* 7.3 (1, 5, 21, 29C, 29 J, 47) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels hairy, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, erect. Venise (Dessert, 1913) 7.3 (1, 5, 17) Medium size, light amaranth pink, early. Stamens with slightly modified anthers, yellow. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk con- spicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Venus (Barr)* 8.3 (8) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels hairy, tips bright red; disk conspicuous, dark pink. Plant medium size, compact; many at- tractive flowers showing well above the foliage. A Japanese Venus is also described. Vera (Gumm, 1923)* 8.8 (17, 21) Large, aster purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; flowers showing well above foliage. Vesuve (Dessert, 1905) (1, 5, 29C, 29 J, 30) Medium size, aster purple, early. Carpels hairy, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Watteau (Goos and Koenemann, 1911) (29D, 29M) Large, blush pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading. White Japan (5, 45) Large, light blush pink, early. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk in- conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. White Swan is identical. White Swan (Pleas, 1913) 8.5 (5, 46), see White Japan Whitleyi Major 8.5 (2, 21, 29K, 29M) Large, light blush pink. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk incon- spicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Wilbur Wright (Kelway, 1909-10) 8.0 A dahlia purple variety with red-tipped carpels was received 122 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, under this name, but according to Mr. H. F. Little it was not a true Wilbur Wright. A red double was also received under the name of Wilbur Wright. Wild Rose (Kelway) 7.9 (5, 21, 30) Large, white speckled with Tyrian pink, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, red. Plant large. Wild Rose 7.7 (21), see Hermes Winnebago Chief (Secor)* (39) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Carpels smooth, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant large, erect; flowers showing well above foliage. Yama China (Millet) (1, 5, 29L) Large, amaranth purple, early. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk conspicuous, red. Plant large, spreading. Japanese Peonies (albiflora) Abbe (Lewis, 1921)* 8.8 (21) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes stamen-like to spatulate, pink-tinged, with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, compact. A variety with Tyrian pink guards and staminodes, and hairy, pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Akalu (Japan) 8.1 (3, 5, 17, 21, 29B, 29L) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblance- olate, purple-tinged with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips pink- tinged; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. Akashigata (Japan)* (6, 28, 30) Large, light aster purple, midseason. Staminodes yellow, purple- tinged, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk con- spicuous, light pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers many and held well above the foliage. A deep Tyrian pink variety with purplish, oblanceolate staminodes, cream-tipped carpels and white disk was also received under this name. Alma (Shaylor, 1916) 8.5 (5, 15, 21, 30) Large, blush pink, midseason. Staminodes mostly linear to spatulate, white, yellow edges near tips. Carpels smooth, tips cream; no disk. Plant medium size, spreading. Altar Candles (Pleas, 1905) 8.0 (17, 21, 30, 47) Large, light blush pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 123 bright yellow with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips red; prac- tically no disk. Plant large, compact; flowers many and held well above foliage. Ama-no-sode (Japan)* 9.2 (5, 21, 30, 43, 45) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pale yellow with pink tinge and with yellow on edges. Carpels green, sparsely hairy, tips cream-colored; disk broad, cream-colored. Plant large, spreading. Two other forms similar in coloration were also received under this name. The carpels in one variety were smooth with pink-tinged tips and in the other variety, smooth with red tips. Antwerpen (Japan)* (29K, 29L) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, light yellow, with yellow on edges. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, high, white. Plant medium size, erect. Apple Blossom (Japan-Farr) (30) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips cream; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many and held well above the foliage. A single Apple Blossom is also described. Apollo (47) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, light yellow. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk inconspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Arlequin (Dessert, 1921) 8.1 (5, 45) Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to ob- ovate, light pink with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading. Attraction (Hollis, 1906)* 8.2 (5) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes mostly oblanceolate, pink, with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers many and held high above the foliage. A blush pink double form was also received under this name. Aubesan (29K) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes varying from fila- mented to obovate, pink. Carpels smooth, tips bright red; disk distinct, pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many and held high above the foliage. Beacon Light (Wettengel, 1924) 7.7 (47) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink-tinged with yellow on edges. Carpels in transition, inconspicu- 124 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, ously hairy, tips pink; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. Benisangai (29L) Large, light aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to spatulate, color of guards, mostly without pollen. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk distinct, dark pink. Plant large, compact. A variety with staminodes lighter than the guards, sparsely hairy carpels, and white disk was also received under this name. Bobbie Bee (Hollis, 1907) 6.0 (33, 47) Small, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips red; no disk. Plant small, compact. Capt. Alcock (Kelway) (45) Large, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes varying from fila- mented to oblanceolate, the latter pink-tinged with yellow spots on the edges. Carpels hairy, tips pink; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant small, compact; flowers borne close to foliage. Cascade (3, 46) Very large, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream to yellowish, mostly without pollen. Carpels smooth, tips cream; disk toothed, white. Plant small, compact. Karatsu, Lemon Queen, and Purity are identical. A variety with blush pink guards, cream- colored staminodes, and pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Cathedral (Japan)* 8.1 (17, 21, 30, 46) Large, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes mostly spatulate, slightly lighter in color than the guards, without pollen. Carpels hairy, tips pink; no disk. Plant large, compact; flowers many and held well above the foliage. Hana-no-sato is identical. Claire (2) Large, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purple-tinged, with yellow on edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Constance (Berneche, 1924) (4) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellow- ish, pink-tinged with yellow on edges. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers numerous and attractive. Crimson and Gold (Wallace) (46) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purple-tinged on upper surface, yellowish below, yellow on edges, with orange- tinged filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant small, compact. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 125 Crown of Thorns (Hollis, 1907) 6.0 (47) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate, dark pink. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk lacking. Plant medium size, spreading. Crystal Queen* (47) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, white. Car- pels smooth, tips cream; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact; attractive flowers rather close to foliage. White Queen is identical. A white-flowered practically double form was also re- ceived under this name. Curiosity (Dessert and Mechin, 1886) 6.1 (47) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, aster purple. Carpels in transition, hairy, tips red; disk inconspicu- ous, pink. Plant small, compact. Currant Jap (Jeffries)* (48) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, purple-tinged, with yellow on the edges. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips dark red; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many, close to the foliage. Dawn (Wallace) (13, 21) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream- colored, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips red; disk incon- spicuous, pink. Plant large, erect. Daybreak (Hollis, 1910) 7.7 (33) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips cream; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers quite numerous and rather attractive. Departing Sun (Japan)* 8.5 (14, 16, 30) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblance- olate, dark Tyrian pink with some yellow spots on the edges. Car- pels smooth, tips light pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. A single Departing Sun is also described. Distinction (Dessert, 1895) 6.4 (43) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, Tyrian pink. Carpels hairy, tips red; no disk. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers fragrant. A white-flowered variety, apparently Snow Wheel, was also received under this name. Dog Rose (Wallace) 7.9 (14, 15, 21) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk distinct, pink- 126 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive and held well above the foliage. Dragon's Head (30) Medium size, white with amaranth purple blotches, midseason. Staminodes yellow with yellow filaments, resembling normal stamens. Carpels smooth, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. A variety more like a single and with pink-tipped carpels and inconspicuous pink disk was also received under this name. Dr. Edgar Pleas (Pleas, 1900) 6.3 (47) Medium size, blush pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to broad and folded, yellow. Carpels in transition, hairy, tips pink; no disk. Plant small, compact. Duchess of Bedford (Kelway)* (14) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes yellow, with yellow fila- ments. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk inconspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers many, attractive, and held high above the foliage. Edward VII (Kelway) (2, 8, 47) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes yellow, purple-tinged on upper surface, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant large, spread- ing; flowers attractive and held high above the foliage. Eileen Kelway (Kelway) (46) Large, blush fading to white, midseason. Staminodes oblance- olate, white with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk distinct, tinged with pink. Plant medium size, compact, with flowers held well above the foliage. Emelie and Yeso are apparently identical. Emelie 7.4 (2PH, 29S), see Eileen Kelway Emma (29F, 29L, 49) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink-tinged on upper surface, yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant small, compact; many flowers held high above the foliage. Emperor of India* (45) Large, bright amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes purple- tinged on upper surface, with yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips bright red; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact; many attractive flowers showing high above the foliage. Esther (Terry) 7.7 (3, 48) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 127 obovate, light Tyrian pink. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk very inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. Eva (2, 29L) Medium size, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, tips cream-colored; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Evelina (29S) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes filamented, yellow. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips cream; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. Germaine is apparently identical. Exquisite (Kelway, 1912) (14) Medium size, blush pink, late. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips cream-colored; disk inconspicuous, cream-colored. Plant medium size, spreading. Other varieties re- ceived under this name included a white-flowered Japanese, ap- parently Snow Wheel, a pink-flowered form with hairy, cream- tipped carpels, and a pink double, evidently Kelway's Exquisite. A white single Exquisite is also described. Fabiola (47) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Fascination (47) Small, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to spatulate, light pink on the upper surface. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. Fat Si Sio (5) Small, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, erect. Fauvette (Japan-Dessert, 1913) (3, 5, 29C, 29J, 47) Small, white with aster purple streaks and blotches, late. Stam- inodes similar to guards but slightly smaller. Carpels in transition, densely hairy, tips bright red; disk inconspicuous, red. Plant small, compact. Felicity (46) Small, white, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow fila- ments. Carpels smooth, tips cream-colored; disk conspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. Flamboyant (Japan)* 8.5 (21, 46) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes yellow, purple-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow filaments. Carpels 128 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, hairy, tips dark red; disk conspicuous, dark pink. Plant small, com- pact; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. Kameno-kegoromo, Kino-kimo, and Rino-kino are identical. Flashlight (Hollis, 1906) 8.2 (15, 19) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblance- olate, light pink. Carpels hairy, tips pink; disk distinct, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. A dark pink variety, with smooth, red-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Foaming Wave (Japan) (19) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading; numerous, attractive flowers held well above the foliage. Francois (29D, 29L) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes oblanceolate, Tyrian pink with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk incon- spicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, compact; flowers held high above the foliage. A slightly darker form with hairy carpels was also received under this name. Frank Newbold (17) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, orange-tinged on the upper surface to yellow toward the base, with yellow edges, forming a broad cushion. Carpels smooth, tips cream- colored; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. Fuji-mine (Japan) 7.9 (49) Medium size, blush fading to white, midseason. Staminodes linear to oblanceolate, white, with or without pollen. Carpels hairy, with white tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage on straight stems. Gekkiuden, Seiriu Somae, and Shiro-sangai seemed identical. A white variety with pink-tipped carpels, and a white double were also received under this name. Fuji-no-mine (Japan-Dessert, 1921 (5) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, straw yellow with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips cream-colored; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. A white-flowered variety with hairy, cream-colored tips was received under this name, also another distinct white-flowered form. Fuji-no-yuki (29L) Medium size, white, slightly purple-tinged, midseason. Stami- nodes resembling guards but slightly smaller, with irregular margins. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk inconspicuous, SOME-GANOKO Japanese SURUGU Japanese 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 131 pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers numerous on rather weak stems. Fuji-some-goromo (Japan)* (42, 45) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes filamented to oblanceolate, lightly pink-tinged; with yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive. Fuyajo (Japan)* 9.2 (5, 21, 30, 42} Large, bordeaux, midseason. Staminodes mostly oblanceolate, aster purple on the upper surface, with some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Geisha (29 L) Large, aster purple, late. Staminodes oblanceolate, purple-tinged on the upper surface, yellow toward the base, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers quite numerous and attractive, held high above the foliage. Gekkiuden (29L), sec Fuji-mine Georgette (Wettengel, 1924) 7.7 (47} Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, Tyrian pink to yellow toward the base. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. Geraldine (Kelway) (33, 47, 49} Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate to spatulate, Tyrian pink. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Abbe is similar. A pink-flowered double was also re- ceived under this name. Germaine (29S), see Evelina Gertrude (29K} Very large, rose pink, late. Staminodes mostly oblanceolate, yellow, pink-tinged on the upper surface. Carpels smooth, tips cream; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. Glory (Hollis, 1907) 7.3 (3, 17, 45} Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes filamented to oblanceolate, light pink. Carpels hairy, tips white; practically no disk. Plant large, compact. Golden Nugget is similar. 132 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Gold Mine (Hollis, 1907)* 8.2 (30, 43, 46) Medium size, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblance- olate, Tyrian pink on the upper surface, yellow toward the base, yellow edges near the tips. Carpels in transition, sparsely hairy, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive and held well above the foliage. Gretchen (29 L) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes mostly oblance- olate, yellowish, a few broad, light pink. Carpels in transition, hairy, tips dark red; no disk. Plant medium size, spreading. Gypsy (Hollis, 1904) 8.0 (49) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink, with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth with dark pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading. Hakodate (Millet)* 9.0 (29L) Very large, white, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant small, compact. Snowflake appeared identical. Hana-no-sato (Japan-Dessert, 1921) 8.1 (5, 14), see Cathedral A similar variety, slightly lighter in color, and with smooth carpels was also received under this name. Hatsugi (45) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, color of guards with some yellow spots on edges near the tips. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk rather high, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. A variety with light aster purple flowers and smooth, pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Hatsu-tori (29K, 29L) Large, light rose pink, early. Staminodes oblanceolate, salmon pink to yellow at the base, with yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk distinct, pink. Plant large, spread- ing; flowers many. Hawa (Millet, 1907)* (5, 29D, 29L) Medium size, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens enlarged. Carpels smooth with light pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant large, compact; numerous, attractive flowers held well above the foliage. Henri Potin (Doriat, 1924) 8.5 (29L, 48) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged on upper surface, with yellow filaments, and pollen near the tips. Carpels in transition, hairy, tips dark red; disk distinct, dark pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 133 High Jinks (Auten, 1929) (2) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes mostly oblance- olate, pink. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips red; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant large, compact; flowers held high above the foliage. Hinode-sekai (Japan-Dessert, 1921) (5, 14, 29K, 38) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to obovate, with some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth with bright red tips; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Rose of Nippon is identical. Hirishima (Japan) (5) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with pink-tinged tips; practically no disk. Plant medium size, compact. A pink single was also received under this name. Ho-Gioku (Japan-Dessert, 1913) 7.7 (3, 5, 29L) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, light yellow with some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth with pink tips; disk distinct, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Mine-no- money and Tyerline are similar. H. R. H. Princess Louise (24) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to spatulate, light yellow, with some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk distinct, dark pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Hyakka-To (29 K) Large, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels smooth with dark pink tips; disk conspicuous, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers numerous, attractive and held well above the foliage. Imperial Queen (Wallace) (47) Medium size, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes purple- tinged, with yellow filaments. Carpels hairy, tips cream-colored; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact; flowers rather attractive, held well above foliage on rather weak stems. Innocence (Hollis, 1904) 8.3 (46) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, with yel- low spots on the edges and yellow filaments. Carpels hairy, tips pink- tinged; disk conspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Instituteur Doriat (Doriat, 1925)* 8.8 (48) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to broad, amaranth purple, the narrower forms with white tips. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant 134 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, large, spreading; attractive flowers held high above the foliage. "Strictly speaking this is not a true Jap." — H. F. Little. Iroka (Millet) (29D, 29L, 30) Large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes yellow, resembling normal stamens enlarged. Carpels smooth with pink-tinged tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, compact. Isani Gidui or Isami Jishi (Japan-Dessert, 1909)* 9.3 (3, 5, 21, 29L, 30, 48) Very large, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream- colored with yellow edges. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, cream-colored. Plant large, spreading. Generally considered the finest of the Japanese type. A white single was also received as Isani Gidui. Jacoba (290) Large, rose pink, late. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels large, smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk con- spicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; many flowers, held well above the foliage. Jacqueline (29G, 49) Large, white, midseason. Some Staminodes resembling normal stamens but mostly linear, light yellow, without pollen. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers numerous and quite attractive, held well above the foliage. Jan van Leeuwen* (29F) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips yellow; disk distinct, yellowish. Plant medium size, compact. Japanese Fairy (Secor, 1924) 9.0 (39) Very large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels smooth with pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Jeanne Lapandry (Doriat, 1925) 8.5 (29L) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes linear to oblance- olate, yellow, with practically no pollen. Carpels smooth with white tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers at- tractive and held well above the foliage. Josephine (29F, 29G) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, pink-tinged with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with dark pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant large, compact; many attractive flowers, held well above the foliage. A single Jose- phine is also described. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 135 Kameno-kegoromo or Kameno-kerogoma (Japan-Dessert, 1913)* 8.5 (5, 29D), see Flamboyant A light pink form was also received under this name. Kameno Reginis (29L) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with pink-tinged tips; disk dis- tinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Kara-ori-nishiki (Japan-Dessert, 1922) (47) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink- tinged, yellow toward the base, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading. A single form was also received under this name. Karatsu (Millet, 1910) (5, 29B), see Cascade Kasane-jishi (Japan) (29K, 29L) Large, blush pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellow. Carpels smooth with white tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Kasmino Requis (2PM) Medium size, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink- tinged; with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. King of England (Kelway, 1902)* 8.6 (29 L) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate, purple-tinged, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Hawa is similar. This is the red-stemmed King of England according to Mr. H. F. Little, and it is the best of the varieties received under this name. A very similar variety known as the green-stemmed King of England was also received (21, 30). The latter has hairy carpels. A third form received under the name of King of England has yellow Staminodes resembling normal stamens. Kino-kimo (Japan-Dessert, 1913)* 8.2 (17, 18), see Flamboyant Two other distinct forms were received under this name. Kiou Shou (Japan) (5) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes lightly tinged with pink on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with salmon pink tips; disk inconspicu- ous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Knight of the Thistle (Kelway) (5) Large, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purplish on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely 136 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, hairy, with red tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading. Kochomai* (21) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, upper surface purple, lower yellow, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, with pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many and held high above the foliage. An amaranth purple variety with hairy, red-tipped carpels, and an aster purple one with smooth, pink- tipped carpels, were also received under this name. Kocho-no-mai (Japan-Dessert, 1922) (17) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purple-tinged on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. Kokurun Rui (29L) Large, dark aster purple, midseason. Staminodes aster purple on upper surface, with yellow edges and light orange-colored filaments. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Kokury Ukaku (29L) Large, dark Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes pink-tinged on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips pink; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spread- ing; flowers numerous and held well above the foliage. Kukenu-jishi (Japan-Dessert, 1921)* 9.5 (5, 14, 17, 21, 30) Very large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes filamented, light yellowish with yellow spots on the edges near the tips. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Exquisite, Jacoba and Kasane-Jishi are similar. Kuni-mori (29K) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink- tinged on upper surface, with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk dentate, pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive and held well above the foliage. Labolas (Kelway) 7.6 (33) Medium size, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceo- late, amaranth purple on upper surface, with yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; practically no disk. Plant medium size, spreading. Largo (Voris, 1929) (44) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to 1938} SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 137 spatulate, irregular, pink-tinged on upper surface with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips pink-tinged; disk conspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers many, held high above the foliage. Lemon Queen (Japan)* (29D, 29K, 47), see Cascade A blush-pink form with hairy, pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Leonie (29D) Very large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear, pink on the upper surface, with yellow on the edges near the tips. Carpels hairy, with pink-tinged tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. Lieutenant Hobson (Hollis, 1903) 8.0 (47) Small, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes mostly linear, aster purple on the upper surface, with yellow on the edges near the tips. Carpels smooth with dark pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant small, compact. L'Innocence (Shaylor, 1915) (21) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, light yellow with some yellow spots on the edges near the tips. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips cream-colored; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant small, compact. Lothario (Wettengel, 1921) 7.7 (45, 47) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink, no pollen. Carpels in transition, sparsely hairy, with pink tips; disk dentate, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Magnificence (Kelway) (5, 24) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear, pink-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. Major Loder (Kelway) (17, 30, 47) Large, Tyrian pink, early. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellowish, no pollen. Carpels smooth, tips white; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Makitateyama (29K) Very large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink- tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, tips white; disk serrate, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers numerous, attractive and held high above the foliage. Crimson and Gold and Mikado are similar. Another form, darker in color, with less yellow in the center and smooth carpels was also received under this name. 138 BULLETIN No. 447 {November, Margaret Atwood (Japan-Farr)* 8.7 (2PM) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes cream-colored with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers attractive and held well above the foliage. Edith West and Isani Gidui are similar. A blush pink single, apparently Edith West, was also received under this name. Marguerite (29G) Medium size, pale amaranth pink, late. Staminodes yellow, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with salmon- pink tips; disk dentate, yellow. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Marianne (29G) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink- tinged tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spread- ing; flowers quite numerous and attractive, held high above the foliage. Mary May (Berneche, 1924) (4} Small, light aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, purplish on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellowish toward the base. Carpels smooth, with yellowish tips; disk dentate, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Meigetsuko* (2PL) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes yellow, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk dentate, pink- tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers quite numerous and attrac- tive, held well above the foliage. Mikado (Japan-Dessert, 1909)* 8.6 (3, 5, 21, 29M, 30} Very large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes linear to oblanceolate, purple-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and light orange filaments. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, serrate, white. Plant large, compact; flowers numerous and handsome, held high above the foliage. Ruigegno is identical. Crimson and Gold and King of England are similar. A slightly different form, with pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Mr. G. F. Hemerik (van Leeuwen)* 9.0 (29A, 2PL) Very large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream-colored with pink tinges on the upper surface and some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels hairy, with pink-tinged tips; disk serrate, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers many, handsome and showing well above the foliage. AMA-NO-SODE Japanese i INSTITUTEUR DORIAT Japanese 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 141 Mutsu-hito (Japan) (1, 29K, 49) Medium size, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; disk dentate, white. Plant small, compact. Nana-henge-shibori (42) Small, Tyrian pink with aster purple streaks, late. Staminodes resembling the guards but smaller. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips dark red; disk inconspicuous, dark pink. Plant small, compact. Niscite Gawa (29L) Large, amaranth purple, late. Staminodes purple-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers many and held high above the foliage. Noonday (Kelway)* (5, 46) Large, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes filamented to oblanceolate, pink-tinged on the upper surface with yellow edges near the tips, and yellow toward the base. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading; flowers quite numerous and very attractive. Nymphe (Harrison) (45) Large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to oblanceolate, yellow, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. A single Nymphe is also described. O Fuji (Japan-Dessert, 1913) 6.9 (1, 3, 5, 21, 29C, 29H) Medium size, blush pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to spatulate, white, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Yoochi-no-Tsuki is similar. Ohanagasa (30, 46) Medium size, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate to spatulate, Tyrian pink, with yellow on the edges near the tips. Carpels smooth, tips pink; disk dentate, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. A slightly different form of similar color, but with dark pink-tipped carpels and pink disk was also received under this name. Ohirama (Japan-Dessert, 1913) 8.2 (5, 29L, 30) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels hairy, with pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spread- ing. A variety received as Ohirawa is identical. A pink form with 142 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, smooth, cream-tipped carpels and another with oblanceolate, cream- colored staminodes were also received under this name. Oimatsu (29L, 49) Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellow faintly tinged with pink, with yellow edges. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers many, held well above the foliage. Oki (Millet, 1911) (3) Large, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes lightly tinged with pink on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth with yellowish tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, compact; flowers quite numerous and held well above the foliage. Daybreak is similar. Olivia (46) Medium size, blush pink, late. Staminodes linear to oblanceo- late, light yellow, mostly without pollen. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; practically no disk. Plant small, compact. Onahama (Gumm, 1928)* 8.9 (17, 21) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, purple on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow toward the base. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk distinct, pink- tinged. Plant large, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Orange Prince (Pleas, 1909) (46, 47) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, light pink, practically no pollen. Carpels smooth, with red tips; practically no disk. Plant medium size, spreading. A blush pink single was also received under this name. Orion (Cranfield) (12) Medium size, aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purple-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and light orange-colored filaments. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk serrate, pink. Plant small, compact; flowers attractive. Petite Renee (Dessert, 1899) 7.6 (5, 29J, 47) Very large, amaranth pink, midseason. Staminodes mostly linear, amaranth pink, without pollen. Carpels smooth, with bright red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers fragrant. Pink Lady (Secor) (39) Very large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to oblanceo- late, lightly pink-tinged, with a few yellow spots on the edges. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk dentate, pink-tinged. Plant large, spreading. 1938} SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 143 Pocahontas (Pleas, 1914) (46) Large, bright Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes linear to obovate, yellow to light pink, without pollen. Carpels in transition, smooth, with pink tips; disk very inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Pride of Remington (17) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes filamented to ob- lanceolate, pink-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk conspicuous, serrate, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers nu- merous, attractive and held high above the foliage. Princess Duleep Singh (Kelway) (14, 21, 30) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, pink-tinged on the upper surface with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels hairy, with light pink tips; disk serrate, white. Plant large, compact; flowers showing well above the foliage. Purity (2, 8, 21, 46, 47), see Cascade A white variety with uniform, white Staminodes and pink-tipped carpels was also received under this name. Queen Alexandra (Kelway, 1902) 7.7 (2) Medium size, dark rose color, midseason. Staminodes small, oblanceolate, pink-tinged to broad pink streaked with yellow, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with dark red expanded tips; disk dentate, pink. Plant large, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. Rare Brocade (Pleas) 7.2 (21) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to obovate, white, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk dentate, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. Rashooman (Japan)* 8.7 (21, 42, 45) Large, light aster purple, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, aster purple on the upper surface, with yellow spots on the edges and yellow toward the base. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk serrate, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading; attractive flowers held high above the foliage. Rinhosen (29K, 29L) Very large, rose pink, late. Staminodes cream-colored on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. Rino-kino* (29L), see Flamboyant Rosa (Hollis, 1910) (29K) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged 144 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Car- pels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk high, dentate, white. Plant medium size, compact. Rosalind (46) Medium size, light amaranth pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with dark pink tips; disk inconspicuous, dark pink. Plant small, compact. Rose of Nippon (3, 42, 45), see Hinode-sekai Ruigegno (Japan)* (1, 29F, 30, 49), see Mikado Saturn (46, 47) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate, bright yellow, without pollen. Carpels hairy, tips dark pink; disk dentate, light pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. Seioba (Japan) (29L) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, white, no pollen. Carpels in transition, hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Seiriu Somae (Japan-Dessert, 1909) 8.2 (1, 5, 21, 46), see Fuji-mine Sendo-nishiki (49) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to spatulate, pink-tinged, yellowish toward the base, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Shaylor's Sunburst (Allison, 1931)* (40) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal sta- mens, bright yellow with yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant large, spreading; flowers many and very attractive, showing high above the foliage. Resembles Isami Jishi. Received as Seedling No. 101. Shiro-sangai (42, 45), see Fuji-mine Sir Madhi Singh (Kelway) 7.8 (47) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink with yellow on edges near the tips. Carpels in transition, smooth, with red tips; disk (if any) inconspicuous, pink. Plant large, spreading. Currant Jap is similar. Snowdrift (Wallace) (46, 47) Small, white, with faint blush, midseason. Staminodes linear to obovate, blush to yellowish cream, no pollen. Carpels hairy, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, compact. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 145 Snowflake (Kelway) (38), see Hakodate Snow Wheel (Japan) 8.3 (21, 30} Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream- colored with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, with red tips; disk distinct, red. Plant medium size, compact. A white-flowered form, with yellow staminodes, pink-tipped carpels, and pink disk was also received under this name. Some-ganoko (Japan)* 9.0 (5, 21, 30) Large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes purple- tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow to orange-colored filaments. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size; spreading; flowers very attractive and quite numerous. Two different dark pink forms with pink-tipped carpels were also received under this name. Sophia Houston (2) Medium size, Tynan pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with yellowish tips; disk distinct, white. Plant medium size, compact. Soshi (Millet)* (5, 29L, 49) Medium size, bright amaranth purple, late. Staminodes pink- tinged on upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk serrate, faintly pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Souvenir (14) Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellow on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk serrate, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers attractive and quite numerous, held well above the foliage. Souvenir de Guynemer (Millet, 1919) (5) Medium size, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk conspicuous, serrate, white. Plant medium size, spreading. Spinning Wheel (Babcock) (3) Small, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink on the upper surface, orange-colored toward the base, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, serrate, white. Plant small, compact; flowers held well above the foliage. Sunbeam (Hollis, 1906) 8.3 (46) Large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to broad, 146 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, light yellow to pink, with some yellow spots on the edges. Carpels in transition, smooth, tips white; disk inconspicuous, white. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held high above the foliage. Sunrise (Hollis, 1909) 8.0 An aster purple variety received under this name is not true, in the opinion of Mr. H. F. Little. An aster purple double was also planted. Surugu (Millet, 1907)* (1, 29L) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes re- sembling normal stamens, purplish on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk inconspicuous, red. Plant medium size, compact; flowers most attractive and held well above the foliage. Taiho (Japan) A rose pink form from two sources is not true, according to Mr. H. F. Little. Another, apparently Margaret Atwood, was also received under this name. Taika-kusei (26) Medium size, faint blush pink, midseason. Staminodes spatulate to obovate, white, no pollen. Carpels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk conspicuous, dentate, white. Plant large, spreading. Takaradama (46) Medium size, blush pink, late. Staminodes oblanceolate, yellow, spotted with yellow on the edges near the tips. Carpels hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk dentate, cream-colored. Plant small, erect; flowers held well above the foliage. Tamatbako or Tamate-Boku (Japan-Dessert, 1913)* 9.4 (5, 30) Medium size, Tyrian pink, late. Staminodes oblanceolate, tinged lightly with pink on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels hairy, tips dark pink; disk conspicuous, dentate, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers held well above the foliage. Tarantella (Auten, 1929)* (2) Large, Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, pink, mostly without pollen. Carpels inconspicuously hairy, with dark pink tips; disk practically lacking. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many and attractive. The Dragon (Wallace)* (47) Very large, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes re- sembling normal stamens, purple-tinged on the upper surface with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk practically lacking. Plant large, spreading; flowers most at- tractive and held high above the foliage. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 147 Titian (14, 16} Large, white, midseason. Staminodes filamented, yellow, to ob- lanceolate, light yellow, with yellow on the edges. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk conspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. White Lady is similar. A Tyrian pink form was also received under this name. Tokio (Japan-Dessert, 1910)* 8.9 (2, 5, 21, 29L, 30) Large, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes pink-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Car- pels hairy, with white tips; disk serrate, white. Plant large, com- pact; flowers showing high above the foliage. A darker pink form, with smooth carpels was also received under this name. Toro-no-maki (Japan)* 9.0 (21, 30) Very large, white, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellowish with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with light pink tips; disk dentate, white. Plant large, com- pact; flowers many and very attractive. Torpilleur (Japan-Dessert, 1913)* 8.0 (3, 5, 17, 21, 30) Medium size, bright aster purple, midseason. Staminodes mostly oblanceolate, to broad, red with white tips, no pollen. Carpels smooth, with dark red tips; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous and held high above the foliage. A pink form with hairy carpels was also received, from two sources. Tsin Tsion (5) Medium size, amaranth purple, midseason. Staminodes resem- bling normal stamens, purple-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with red tips; disk serrate, red. Plant medium size, compact. Tyerline (2PM) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, cream-col- ored, with yellow spots near the tips. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk conspicuous, serrate, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact. Venus (47) Medium size, white, midseason. Staminodes white, mostly ob- lanceolate, with some yellow spots at the tips. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk distinct, light pink. Plant medium size, compact. A single Venus is also described. Vestucius (46) Medium size, light Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes ob- lanceolate to spatulate, cream-colored to pink on the upper surface, with a few yellow spots on the edges and yellowish toward the 148 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, base. Carpels smooth, tips dark pink; disk inconspicuous, pink- tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. Victoria (29S) Large, dark Tyrian pink, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, lightly pink-tinged on the upper surface, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, tips light pink; disk inconspicuous, pink. Plant medium size, spreading; flowers quite attractive and held high above the foliage. White Lady (Kelway, 1900)* 9.0 (30) Large, white, midseason. Staminodes resembling normal sta- mens, light yellow with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink tips; disk dentate, white. Plant small, compact. A white form with Staminodes mostly broad, white, without pollen was also received under this name. White Queen (Wallace)* (2, 21), see Crystal Queen Yamato Tsukasa (42) Large, rose pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate, blush pink, without pollen. Carpels in transition, hairy, tips red; disk inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, compact; flowers many and quite attractive. Yayoura (Japan) (9) Small, white with aster purple streaks, late. Staminodes oblan- ceolate to obovate, marked like the guards, no pollen. Carpels hairy, with dark red tips; disk inconspicuous, red. Plant small, compact. Yeso (Japan-Dessert, 1909) 7.7 (1, 5, 21, 30, 29L, 47, 49), see Eileen Kelway Yokohama (Millet, 1907)* (29 L, 30) Large, rose pink, late. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk dentate, white. Plant medium size, compact; flowers numerous. Fabiola is similar. Yoochi-no-Tsuki (Japan) (3, 42, 49) Large, blush pink, midseason. Staminodes oblanceolate to obovate, white, without pollen. Carpels smooth, with pink-tinged tips; disk very inconspicuous, pink-tinged. Plant medium size, spreading. A variety received as Yenchi-no-Tsuki is identical. Zansetzu* (29K) Large, white, late. Staminodes resembling normal stamens, yellow, with yellow edges and yellow filaments. Carpels sparsely hairy, with cream-colored tips; disk high, dentate, white. Plant small, compact. 1938} SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 149 Other Varieties and Species in the Trial Garden A number of varieties received for planting in the trial garden should be classified as semidoubles or doubles, in the judgment of the authors and their advisers. Since these varieties do not really belong within the scope of this work, they are listed below without detailed descriptions. Other species and unnamed seed- lings received for planting are similarly listed. Semidouble and Double Peonies (albiflora) Albatross (Wallace) (21, 46), blush pink Aureole (Hollis, 1905) (46), light Tyrian pink Aureolin (Shaylor, 1916) 8.9 (40, 45), rose pink Baron Rozen (29 L), blush pink Cardinal (17), aster purple Christoble (17}, aster purple Crown on Crown (13, 33), light Tyrian pink. Diana (2), light rose pink Dora (29K), light Tyrian pink Elizabeth (29K), white. Esther Owen (Reid, 1930) (36), dark rose pink- Eugenie (29C, 29S), dark Tyrian pink Fantasy (Auten, 1925) (2), deep rose pink Faust (Berneche) (4), light rose pink Felix Crousse (Crousse, 1881) 8.4 (4), amaranth purple Fuji (3), blush pink Fuji-some-ginu (29 L}, dark Tyrian pink Garnet (17), aster purple Golden Dawn (17), white Golden Nugget (Pleas, 1913) 7.4 (3, 46, 47), deep rose pink- Grace Blanding (Reid, 1930) (36), rose pink Grace Ott (17), aster purple Gunpo-nishiki (2), blush pink Gunpoo-no-nishiki (3, 42), light Tyrian pink Gunpooro (2, 3), light Tyrian pink Hakuseko (Japan- Dessert, 1913) (1, 5, 42, 47), blush pink Hanagishi (2PM), Tyrian pink Henry Farman (Kelway) (21), amaranth purple 150 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Joseph Decaisne (38), white Kamakurako (Japan-Dessert, 1913) (2PM), aster purple Karafune (47), rose pink Kugari-kun (2), aster purple Kugesoa Kun (5), aster purple Kumagoe (Japan-Dessert, 1909) (1, 5, 29D), Tyrian pink Lady Emily (Pleas) (3), rose pink Leander Starr Jameson (Kelway) (17), Tyrian pink Lillian Gumm (17), light Tyrian pink Lotus (Introd. Storrs and Harrison) (42), white Maurice Maeterlinck (Kelway, 1915) (29D), blush pink Melody (Auten, 1925) (2), blush pink Minamota (Millet) (29H), light Tyrian pink Mine-no-money (29K), white M. J. Astle (Kelway, 1912) (29L), Tyrian pink Mile. Cimschowska (29 M), aster purple Neptune (Dessert, 1905) (46, 47), dark Tyrian pink Oki-no-nami (3, 42, 45), blush pink Ophir (3), white Oshio-Kun (Japan-Dessert, 1913) (5, 45), blush pink Ostrich Plume (Pleas) (45), light Tyrian pink Philomele (Calot, 1861) 7.7 (34), blush pink Ping Wing (5), blush pink Princess of Wales (Barr) (21), blush pink Queen of Pleasance (Pleas) (45), dark Tyrian pink Romona (17), Tyrian pink Rosy Dawn (21), Tyrian pink Ruth Force (Shaylor, 1922) 8.3 (40), Tyrian pink Shikou (5), white Shinsi-adori (29K), blush pink Silvia Saunders (Saunders, 1921) (14), amaranth pink Tago-no-Tsuki (Japan-Dessert, 1909) (1, 2, 29H, 29M), blush pink Yamato-Sangai (29K, 43), Tyrian pink Peonies Other Than albiflora Alpha (Arends) (peregrina x Wittmanniana) (29K), cream anemoneflora aurea ligulata (officinalis) (29K), amaranth purple anemoneflora rosea (officinalis) (29 L), Tyrian pink anemoneflora rubra (officinalis) (2), amaranth purple anemoneflora rubra (officinalis) (2), Japanese type, amaranth purple anomala (2, 24, 290, 47), amaranth purple Avant Garde (Lemoine, 1907) (albiflora x Wittmanniana) (6, 32), light pink 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 151 corallina (29 L), Tyrian pink decora (29L), amaranth purple humilis (29O), Tyrian pink Le Printemps (Lemoine, 1905) (albiflora x Wittmanniana) (2, 32), white lobata (officinalis) (24, 29L), rose Maikonigin (Arends) (albiflora x Wittmanniana) (29C), white Messagere (Lemoine, 1909) (albiflora x Wittmanniana) (2, 24), cream pubens (29O), aster purple tenuifolia (2, 29L), amaranth purple violacea sphaerica (29L), aster purple Unnamed Seedlings Singles No. 95 (3), aster purple No. 146 (3), aster purple No. 101* (3), Tyrian pink (now No. 15 (21), aster purple Shaylor's Sunburst) No. 147 (27), white Japanese No. 29 (3), Tyrian pink No. 153 (3), aster purple No. 33 (3), bordeaux No. 5 (8), aster purple No. 36 (3), blush No. 6 (8), amaranth pink No. 55 (3), aster purple No. 77A (8), Tyrian pink No. 62 (3), aster purple No. 135 Vi* (8), aster purple No. 64 (3), aster purple No. 0-51 (21), Tyrian pink No. 69 (3), aster purple No. 25* (21), rose pink No. 71 (3), aster purple No. 26 (21), Tyrian pink No. 77 (3), amaranth purple No. 115 (49), Tyrian pink No. 78 (3), rose pink No. 214 (49), Tyrian pink No. 80 (3), white No. 216 (49), Tyrian pink No. 82 (3), aster purple No. 217 (49), aster purple No. 147 (3), rose pink No. 223 (49), Tyrian pink Doubles No. 39 (3), Tyrian pink No. 201 (3), aster purple No. 46 (3), Tyrian pink No. 18 (21), rose pink No. 148 (3), Tyrian pink No. 13 (42), white No. 154 (3), Tyrian pink 152 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Varieties Apparently Identical A list of varieties of single and Japanese peonies received under different names but which were apparently identical, is given below. Singles Balliol, Lord Kitchener Hana Gesho, Hesperus Baron J. Hulot, Sagoromo Hermes, Wild Rose Dorothy, Duchess of Portland Kelway's Luck, Pride of Lang- Edith West, Lady Lillian Ogle, port Pure Love, Rosy Dawn, The Kinsui, La Fiancee, La Frai- Bride cheur George Alexander, Jupiter White Japan, White Swan Japanese Cascade, Karatsu, Lemon Queen, Flamboyant, Kameno-kegoromo, Purity Kino-kimo, Rino-kino Cathedral, Hana-no-sato Fuji-mine, Gekkiuden, Seiriu Crystal Queen, White Queen Somae, Shiro-sangai Eileen Kelway, Emelie, Yeso Hakodate, Snowflake Evelina, Germaine Hinode-sekai, Rose of Nippon Mikado, Ruigegno Varieties Very Similar Among the varieties which were very similar, but not identical, may be mentioned the following: Singles Areos, Perle Blanche Exquisite, Shirley Walker Balliol, Vera Festiva Fragrans, Gloria Black Beauty, Othello George Alexander, Peter Oleson Black Prince, Florestine Ginko-nishiki, Iten-shikai Camille, Dai-jo-kuhan, Emily, Miss Ida Chamberlain, Nagasaki Katori-nahiko Petite Louise, Presto, Purple Cup, Carnot, Dreadnought, Nulli Sec- Shogun undus, The Moor White Swan, Whitleyi Major Celestial, Venus 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 153 Japanese, Abbe, Geraldinc Fabiola, Yokohama Crimson and Gold, Mikado Hawa, King- of England, Kocho- Currant Jap, Sir Madhi Singh no-mai Daybreak, Oki Ho Gioku, Tyerline Emperor of India, Flamboyant O Fuji, Yoochi-no-Tsuki Eva, Evelina Oki, Tokio Exquisite, Jacoba, Kasane-Jishi, Kukenu-Jishi Doubles Baron Rozen, Oshio-Kun, Shinsi-adori, Tago-no-Tsuki. Christoble, Garnet, Grace Ott, Mile. Cimschowska. Varieties Causing Confusion Two or more kinds were received under each of the following names. Abbe (J) Flashlight (J) Apple Blossom (s, J) Francois (J) Akashigata (J) Fuji-mine (J) Ama-no-sode (J) Fuji-no-mine (J) Areos (s) Geraldine (J) Attraction (J) Hana-no-sato (J) Benisangai (J) Hatsugi (J) Carnot (s) Hermes (s) Cascade (J) Hirishima (J) Celestial (s) Isani Gidui (J) Crystal Queen (J) Josephine (s, J) Dai-jo-kuhan (s) Kameno-kegoromo (J) Departing Sun (s, J) Kara-ori-nishiki (J) Distinction (J) King of England (J) Dragon's Head (J) Kino-kimo (J) Duchess of Portland (s) Kochomai (J) Eglantine (s) Le Jour (s) Emily (s) Lemon Queen (J) Exquisite (s, J) Lucienne (s) 154 BULLETIN No. 447 [November, Mafeking (s) Red Queen (s) Makitateyama (J) Shi-pen-kue (s) Margaret Atwood (J) Snow Wheel (J) May Bee (s) Some-ganoko (J) Mikado (J) Stanley (s) Mobuchi (s) Sunrise (J) Nagasaki (s) Taiho (J) Naubunishiki (s) The Queen (s) Nymphe (s, J) Titian (J) Ohanagasa (J) Tokio (J) Ohirama (J) Torpilleur (J) Ophir (s) Venus (s, J) Orange Prince (J) White Lady (J) Pride of Langport (s) Wilbur Wright (s) Purity (J) Plan for Master Planting of Single, Japanese, and Double Peonies On June 20, 1935, at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Peony Society held in Boston, Secretary W. F. Christman reported that the trial garden experiment was essentially complete. Mr. H. F. Little, Camillus, New York, was delegated to make a careful checkup of the work during the following bloom- ing season. At a meeting of the Board of Directors in Toronto, June 24, 1936, Mr. Little reported in detail on his inspection trip. At the same time he introduced a plan for a master planting of single, Japanese, and double peonies, to be located on the campus of the University of Illinois, Urbana. This garden was not to contain all varieties in commerce, but rather the most outstanding varieties being disseminated, the selection of which was left to a committee appointed by the American Peony Society.1 With the cooperation of the American Peony Society it is hoped to establish and maintain an up-to-date, representative col- lection of single, Japanese, and double peonies. Such a planting would be for study and display. To it people could come to see the best in peonies and to compare them with varieties of their own. 'Mr. H. F. Little was named chairman of this committee. The other members were: Mr. A. M. Brand, Faribault, Alinnesota, and Mr. George W. Peyton, Rapidan, Virginia. 1938] SINGLE AND JAPANESE PEONIES 155 From the varieties represented in the trial garden, the Peony Society has recommended the following as particularly distinct, undisputed, and outstanding among the older introductions. In the fall of 1937 these particular varieties were transplanted from the trial garden to the plot set aside for the permanent master planting. Singles Black Magic (Auten, 1929) Black Prince (Thurlow, 1915) Catherine Parry (Hendrickson, 1925) Catherine S. Fox (Berneche, 1920) Clairette (Dessert, 1905) Darkness (Brand, 1913) Departing Sun (Wilkus) Harriet Olney (Brand, 1920) Helen (Thurlow, 1922) Kewanee (Auten, 1930) Le Jour (Shaylor, 1915) - L'Etincelante (Dessert, 1899) Marguerite Dessert (Dessert, 1913) Mellin Knight (Brand, 1920) Mischief (Auten, 1925) Mr. Thim (van Leeuwen, 1926) Pink Delight (Nieuwenhuyzen) Pride of Langport (Kelway, 1910) Queen of the Belgians (Kelway) Shirley Walker (Shaylor, 1918) Snow Sprite (Auten, 1930) The Bride (Dessert, 1902) Vera (Gumm, 1923) Wild Rose (Kelway) Japanese Abbe (Lewis, 1921) Akashigata (Japan) Ama-no-sode (Japan) Antwerpen (Japan) Cathedral (Japan) Currant Jap (Jeffries) Departing Sun (Japan) Exquisite (Kelway) Flamboyant (Japan) Fuji-some-goromo (Japan) Fuyajo (Japan) Gold Mine (Hollis, 1907) Hakodate (Millet) Hawa (Millet, 1907) Instituteur Doriat (Doriat, 1925) Isani Gidui (Japan-Dessert, 1909) Jan van Leeuwen Jeanne Lapandry (Doriat, 1925) Kameno-kegoromo (Japan-Des- sert, 1913) King of England (Kelway, 1902) Kukenu-Jishi (Japan-Dessert, 1921) Margaret Atwood (Japan-Farr) Mikado (Japan-Dessert, 1909) Mr. G. F. Hemerik (van Leeu- wen) Onahama (Gumm, 1926) Rashooman (Japan) Shaylor 's Sunburst (Allison, 1931) Some-ganoko (Japan) Soshi (Millet) Surugu (Millet, 1907) Tamatbako (Japan-Dessert, 1913) Tokio (Japan-Dessert, 1910) 156 BULLETIN No. 447 Toro-no-maki (Japan) White Queen (Wallace) Torpilleur (Japan-Dessert, 1913) Yokohama (Millet, 1907) White Lady (Kelway, 1900) The following single and Japanese varieties, mostly recent introductions which it was not possible to secure for the trial garden, were also recommended by the American Peony Society committee. No recommendations for double peonies have yet been made. Singles Arcturus (Autcn, 1933) Krinkled White (Brand, 1928) Flanders Fields (Brand, 1928) Man o' War (Brand) Gopher Beauty (Franklin, 1923) President Lincoln (Brand, 1928) Imperial Red (Sass) Verdun (Dessert-Doriat, 1927) Japanese Charm (Franklin, 1931) Prairie Afire (Brand, 1932) Hari-ai-nin (Babcock, 1929) Yellow King Nippon Beauty (Auten, 1927) In such relatively short lists many kinds not distinctly differ- ent from those named were necessarily omitted. Some new kinds that are perhaps worthy were passed over because it was thought that they should be more thoroly tested out. 5050—11-38—14645 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA