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CIRCULAR No. 30, SECOND SERIES.

United States Department of Agriculture,

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

THE PERIODICAL CICADA IN 1898.

The periodical cicada, popularly known as the “‘locust’’ or the
‘“ seventeen-year locust,’’ is expected to appear the present year at
many places of the country. The nature and natural history of this
insect and its appearance at long regular intervals—17 years in the
more northern, and 18 years in the more southern regions—are now
generally understood. It suffices to repeat here that the periodical
cicada should not be confounded with the destructive locust or grass-
hopper of the West, and further that it does not injure field crops
although appearing in enormous numbers in the timbered sections of
the country. The only damage done by it consists in puncturing the
young sprigs of orchard and forest trees. Old orchards remote from
forests or situated in the immediate vicinity of large cities are much
less molested in this way, while young orchards on newly cleared land
or situated in the vicinity of timber lands are liable to suffer. The
damage to forest trees is more apparent than real, and amounts only
to a general pruning of the younger twigs.

Two different broods of the cicada will make their simultaneous
appearance this year: a 17-year brood at various places from Wisconsin
in the west to New York in the east, commencing to appear about the
last week of May; and a 13-year brood on both sides of the Mississippi
River from near the mouth of the Missouri to southern Louisiana, com-
mencing to appear toward the end of April.

The following is a list of the localities, arranged alphabetically
according to States and counties, from which the cicada has been
reported at former periods.

THIRTEEN-YEAR BROOD VII, 1885-1898.

Arkansas: Counties of Arkansas. Chicot, Columbia, Cross (and adja-
cent counties), Desha, Franklin, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson, Marion,
Mississippi, Phillips, Prairie, Pulaski, Saline (?), Searcy. ,

Georgia: Counties of Cobb (?), Coweta (?), Dekalb (?), Gwinnett
(2), Meriwether (?), Newton (?).

Kentucky: Counties of Barren (?), Graves, Trigg.

2

Illinois: Counties of Alexander, Jackson, Macoupin, Madison, Perry,
Pike, Randolph, Scott, Union, Washington (??).

Indiana: County of Posey (??).

Louisiana: Parishes of Bossier, Caldwell, East Carroll, Franklin,
Madison, Morehouse, Red River, Richland, Washington, West
Carroll.

Mississippi: Counties of Alcorn, Amite, Bolivar, Calhoun, Carroll,
Claiborne, Coahoma, Copiah, De Soto, Franklin, Hinds (and adjoin-
ing counties), Issaquena, Jasper, Lafayette, Lawrence, Lincoln,
Madison, Marshall, Montgomery, Newton, Panola, Quitman, Rankin
(and adjoining counties), Scott, Simpson, Smith, Tate, Tishomingo,
Webster.

Missouri: Counties of Audrain, Boone, Cape Girardeau, Christian,
Dade, Dallas, Douglas, Gasconade, Greene, Hickory, Jefferson, Johnson,
Knox, Lawrence (?), New Madrid, Osage, Pettis, Perry, Polk,
St. Charles, St. Louis, Scott, Taney, Texas, Warren, Washington,
Webster.

Tennessee: Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Davidson, Decatur,
Dickson, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Haywood, Henderson,
Humphreys, Lake, Lauderdale, McNairy, Madison, Maury, Obion,
Robertson, Shelby, Tipton, Weakley.

Of the various 13-year broods that are recorded, only two are of large
extent, Brood VIII (1881-1894-1907) and the present brood. Both
occupy the Mississippi Valley from northern Missouri and southern
Illinois to Louisiana, but while Brood XVIII occurs also in many other
localities throughout the other Southern States as far east as Virginia,
the present brood seems to be confined to the Mississippi Valley, with
the exception of a detached area in Georgia, which, however, has never |
been confirmed beyond doubt. In the Annual Report of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture the geographical distribution of Brood VII
has been discussed and illustrated by a map. Since that year very
little additional information has been obtained. The only locality in
Indiana (Posey County) rests upon a record received in 1885 and is, in
all probability, not correct. There is also a vague report, received in
1885, of the occurrence of this brood in Saint Clair County, Alabama.

SEVENTEEN-YEAR BROOD XVII, 1881-1898.

Illinois: County of Douglas.

Michigan: County of Cass (?).

New Jersey: County of Essex.

New York: Counties of Richmond (Staten Island), Westchester.
North Carolina: Western portion (no specified localities).

Ohio: Counties of Ashtabula, Summit (??), Vinton (??).

3

Pennsylvania: Counties of Dauphin, Lancaster, Northampton (and
adjoining counties), Philadelphia (Germantown), Westmoreland.

Virginia: County of Smyth.

West Virginia: County of Ohio (Wheeling) (??).

Wisconsin: Counties of Columbia, Dane, Green Lake, LaCrosse,
Marquette (?), Sauk.

This brood covers a vast area from Wisconsin in the west to New
York in the east and along the Alleghany Mountains to North Carolina,
but the comparatively few localities on record are more widely scattered
and isolated from each other than in any other 17-year brood. It seems
more than probable that our knowledge of the extent of the brood is

very imperfect, so that nothing can be said at present regarding the

relation of this brood to other broods. Of the localities mentioned
above, Summit and Vinton counties, Ohio, as well as Ohio County,
West Virginia, are probably incorrect, the records being apparently
based upon stragglers of Brood XV (1880-1897), which appears always
one year before Brood XVII. The reported occurrence of the periodical
cicada along the northern slope of the Big Horn Mountains of Montana
and Wyoming is probably based upon a confusion with some other
species of cicada.

E. A. SCHWARZ,

Assistant Entomologist.

va

Approved:
JAMES WILSON,
Secretary.

WASHINGTON, D. C., April 1, 1898.

Notr.—A knowledge of the exact extent of each swarm or brood of the cicada
‘is of considerable economic importance, and the object of this circular is to
invite the correspondents of the Division to send word regarding the appearance
of the cicada the present year so that previous records may be confirmed or
rejected, and new localities made known.

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