I

Afgiftekantoor Antwerpen X ISSN 0771-5277

Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Gent), Dr. K. Martens (Brussel), H.
van Oorschot (Amsterdam), D. van der Poorten (Antwerpen), W. O. De Prins (Antwerpen).
Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (Belgium).
e-mail: willy.deprins@village.uunet.be.

Jaargang 29, nummer 4

1 december 200 1

Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. and Amselina olytnpf(rói^°cA
Asia Minor (Lepidoptera: Symmocidae)

Laszló Gozmany

Samenvatting. Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. en Amselina olympi uit Klein-Azië (Lepidoptera:
Symmocidae)

Uit de provincie Antalya (Turkije) wordt Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. beschreven. Tevens raakte
uit dezelfde streek een tweede exemplaar bekend van Amselina olympi (Gozmany, 1957).

Résumé. Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. et Amselina olympi d'Asie mineure (Lepidoptera:
Symmocidae)

Une espèce nouvelle, Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov., est décrite de la province d' Antalya (Turquie).
Dans la même localité, un deuxième exemplaire de Amselina olympi (Gozmany, 1957) fut
découvert.

Zusammenfassung. Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. und die Neuentdeckung von Amselina
olympi , in Kleinasien (Lepidoptera: Symmocidae)

Aus die Provinz Antalya (Türkei) wird Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. beschrieben. Am gleichen Ort
wurde das zweite Exemplar von Amselina olympi (Gozmany, 1957) entdeckt.

Key words. Lepidoptera - Symmocidae - Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. - Amselina olympi
Gozmany, 1957 - Turkey - Asia Minor - faunistics

Gozmany, Dr. L.: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Baross utca 13,
H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.

Introduction

W. De Prins has very kindly submitted some Symmocid specimens for
identification; they were captured in the mountainous regions of Asia Minor.
Besides several specimens of Amselina cedestiella (Zeiler, 1868) and A. emir
(Gozmany, 1961), both nearly ubiquitous in Asia Minor, the material contained a
hitherto unknown species of the genus Symmoca Hübner, [1825], and an equally
important male specimen of Amselina olympi Gozmany, 1957.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 121

Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. (plate 1, figs. 1-3)

Holotype S, Turkey: Asia Minor: "Turkey St 1988 Antalya 1500 m, Palaz
Dagi NE Akseki 18.VII.1994 H.v. Oorschot, H.v.d. Brink, D.v.d. Poorten, W.de
Prins" slide 6946 Gozmany. Deposited in Institute for Systematics and
Population Biology, Zoological Museum, Amsterdam.

Paratypes lc?, 1?, with the same data, slide $ 6949 Gozmany, deposited in
Institute for Systematics and Population Biology, Zoological Museum,
Amsterdam and in the Hungarian Natural History Museum.

Description. Wingspan: 17 mm (S) and 19 mm ($).

S‘. Antenna white with some yellowish suffusion; labial palp lighter, whitish;
head white forward, becoming slightly suffused yellowish; thorax slightly dirty
yellowish-white. Forewing ground colour dirty white, yellowish towards all
margins, cellular dot, plical dot, discocellular dots minute, all coffee brown,
some occasionally absent (paratype (3), cilia pale yellowish white. Hindwing
shiny sericeous white, cilia very slightly yellowish white.

9 : uniformly yellowish, of a deeper tint than in male, head and thorax also
slightly greyish, pattem consisting of merely 1-2 light brownish scales.

Male genitalia (fig. 1): base of appendix broad, free part relatively short,
about 3A of valval width, pointed; sacculus long, straight, but terminal part
strongly falcate, slender, pointed, reaching valval costa or even middle of
appendix; transtillar lobe 3^4x longer than wide; aedoeagus half as long and half
as wide as valva, with a group of 7-8 straight, spiniform comuti.

Female genitalia: unfortunately severely damaged, not interpretable.

a

Figure 1 : Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. Holotype S a- right valva, b- aedoeagus (at higher
magnification).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 122

■

Plate 1

ÏÏÊtëÊm

P gt I Éi Ak-

,SM **'.U

T

HOLOTVPUS
Symmoca
deprinri

■ f«a.prep#»i).6946

Figures 1-3. Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. 1- holotype S, Turkey, Antalya, Palaz Dagi NE Akseki,
18. VII. 1994. 2.- paratype §, same data. 3 - labels of holotype.

Figure 4. Amselina olympi (Gozmany, 1957), second known specimen (a male), Turkey, Antalya,
Palaz Dagi NE Akseki, 18. VII. 1994 (Photographs by courtesy of A. Kun).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 123

The new species is genitally nearest to Symmoca attalica Gozmany, 1957,
but in that species the appendix is slightly curved caudad, the head of the
sacculus points towards the outer third of the appendix, the transtillar lobe is
only as high as wide, the pattern is more heavily outlined, often appearing as
widened transverse stripes containing the characteristic dots, ochreous not
yellowish. Very similar male genitalia are found in Symmoca profanelïa Zemy,
1936, but the aedoeagus contains many more comuti in that species, the
forewing ground colour is ochreous brown and the species inhabits Morocco.

Etymology: this species is dedicated to Mr. W. De Prins, excellent
lepidopterist and long-standing and esteemed friend.

Amselina olympi (Gozmany, 1957) (plate 1, fig. 3)

The genus Amselina was based on the type-species Symmoca olympi
Gozmany, 1957 (cf. Gozmany 1957: 337) originating trom Bolu in "Bithynia",
NE of the Uludag or Anatolian Mt. Olympus. Only the holotype specimen was
known, despite numerous collecting trips made in Asia Minor, one of the
favourite regions of European lepidopterists, especially during the last fifty
years. Indeed, I occasionally doubted the specific status of the specimen - could
it be an aberrative or perhaps a teratological specimen of Amselina cedestiella,
common in Anatolia? Elowever, all such doubts and hypotheses must now rest: a
true olympi specimen was discovered in the material sent by W. De Prins. The
male specimen was captured at "Antalya 1500 m, Palaz Dagi NE Akseki
1 8. Vil. 1 994" (slide 6948 Gozmany). A real coup to be proud of!

Acknowledgement

I am indebted to Mr. W. De Prins, of the group of Belgian and Dutch
collectors, for the submission of his Symmocid material for identification.

References

Gozmany, L., 1957. Notes on the generic group Symmoca Hbn. (Lep. Gelechiidae). — Annls hist.-
nat.Mus.nat.hung., N.S., 8: 319-346.

Zemy, H., 1935. Die Lepidopterenfauna des Grossen Atlas in Marokko und seiner Randgebiete. —
Mém.Soc.Sci.nat.phys.Maroc 42: 141-144.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 124

The status of some genera allied to Chrysonotomyia
and Closterocems (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae,
Entedoninae), with description of a new species from
Dominican Amber

Gumovsky, Alex V.

Samenvatting. De status van enkele genera verwant met Chrysonotomyia en Closterocems
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), met beschrijving van een nieuwe soort uit
Dominicaanse amber

De taxonomie van de genera verwant met Chrysonotomyia Ashmead en Closterocems
Westwood wordt besproken. Uit Dominicaanse amber (Mioceen) wordt een nieuwe soort
beschreven: Chrysonotomyia dominicana n. sp. Een ander specimen, eveneens bewaard in
Dominicaanse amber, blijkt te behoren tot het genus Achrysocharoides maar kan verder niet
beschreven worden.

Résumé. Le statut de quelques genres alliés a Chrysonotomyia et Closterocems
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), avec description d'une espèce nouvelle de 1'ambre
dominicain

La taxonomie des genres alliés a Chrysonotomyia Ashmead et Closterocems Westwood est
discutée. Une espèce nouvelle, trouvée dans de 1’ambre dominicain (Miocène), est décrite:
Chrysonotomyia dominicana n. sp. Une deuxième espèce, également incluse dans de 1’ambre
dominicain, semble appartenir au genre Achrysocharoides , mais ne peut pas être décrite plus en
détail.

Key words: Chrysonotomyia dominicana sp. n. - Chrysonotomyia - Closterocems - Entedon
- Ladna - Mangocharis - Asecodes - Eulophus - Achrysocharis - Neochrysocharis -
Hispinocharis - Achrysocharella - Pediobius - Achrysocharoides - Emersonella -
Pleurotroppopsis - Eprhopalotus - Dominican amber

Gumovsky, A. V.: Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky St., UA-01601
Kiev MSP, Ukraine. e-mail: alex@cenos.freenet.kiev.ua; o_gumovsky@hotmail.com

Preface

Chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea) represent a group rather
poorly known from the fossils. The amber inclusions are probably the only
source for such fossil data because of minute size and weak body sclerotization
of these insects.

There are many reasons for the comparatively modest progress in this area:
poor condition of the amber samples, minute diagnostic characters not visible in
amber specimens, poor representation of the chalcids in amber fossils (in
comparison with other groups of insects), to list some.

The most comprehensive data were published by Yoshimoto (1975) who
listed Torymidae, Ormyridae, Tetracampidae, Chalcididae, Perilampidae,
Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae and Agaonidae from Canadian ambers.
Rasnitsyn (1980) mentioned Torymidae from the Taimyr amber (Russia). More
attention was paid to the description of fossil chalcids from ambers in the recent
years (for instance, Grissell 1980, Dading 1997 etc.).

Phegea 29 (4) (1 .XII.2001): 125

The only record of the amber Eulophidae is a reference to Entedon sp. from
Dominican amber (Boucek & Askew 1968). Identification of these chalcid wasps
is still rather difficult despite the serious attention devoted to their systematics in
the last years. In part this can be explained by the imperfectness in entedonine
diagnoses. This paper deals, in particular, with amelioration of some generic
diagnoses and discovery of two specimens of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera:
Eulophidae) found during our study of the Dominican amber collection of the
Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). One specimen represents a new
species which belongs to one of the genera discussed below.

Disciission

The genera Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, Ladna Boucek, Asecodes Förster and
Closterocerus Westwood have never been properly compared to each other (with
partial exception of the revision of Schauff (1991), but this comparison was
based on rather superficial characters used in the diagnoses of some of these
genera). It is interesting that taxonomical status of the genera (except Ladna ) was
discussed often in the same paper, but without or with rather brief mutual
comparison (Hansson 1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1996).

Eulophus auripunctata Ashmead, 1894 was removed into the newly
described genus Chrysonotomyia by Ashmead (1904). There were no clear
generic characters for the genus, and Boucek (1977) proposed synonymy of
Achrysocharis Girault and Chrysonotomyia Ashmead and mentioned 2-
segmented funicle and 3-segmented clava as key characters. This concept was
accepted so far for the genus Chrysonotomyia (Boucek & Graham 1978, Boucek
1988, Hansson 1990, Schauff 1991, etc). Closterocerus and Chrysonotomyia had
been supposed to be the synonyms till Hansson discovered them to be separate
genera, and placed Achrysocharis under synonymy with Closterocerus (Hansson
1994b, 1996).

Hansson (1994b, 1995) regarded the genus Chrysonotomyia as separate from
both Closterocerus and Neochrysocharis, while it has been misinterpreted and
confused with two latter ones for a long period. The same author (1994a)
characterized this genus by the well delimited clypeus; occiput without vertical
furrow or weak fold between occipital margin and foramen magnum; midlobe of
the mesoscutum with one pair of setae; well advanced axillae, forewing with two
hairlines radiating from the stigmal vein, bare radial cell; transverse petiole and
gaster being broadly attached to the propodeum. Since many of these characters
vary within certain genera (in Closterocerus and Asecodes, in particular:
Hansson 1996), the well delimited clypeus and midlobe of mesoscutum with one
pair of setae, were of most phylogenetic importance.

The genus Closterocerus has been characterized mainly by the wing
coloration and flattened antennae (Graham 1959, 1963, Boucek 1988, Schauff
1991) till Hansson showed these characters to be variable and moved most
species treated previously in Chrysonotomyia into Closterocerus (Hansson
1 994b). Neochrysocharis was supposed to be a sister group to Closterocerus (in
having 2-segmented funicle and 3-segmented clava), but differing in straight or

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 126

almost straight trans-epimeral suture (curved in Closterocerus, Hansson 1990,
1994b, 1995). This character works poorly in large series of specimens, and its
application for the separation purposes requires careful treatment.

The genus Teleopterus was synonymised with the genus Asecodes by
Hansson (1996) as having subtorular grooves and complete occipital median
furrow. The degree of the expression of the latter is varying even within certain
species, so that it also requires very careful treatment as a generic character.

Fig 1. Chrysonotomyia picta (Boucek), comb. n., $ paratype (BM1MH), a.- habitus, b.- head.

The genus Ladna was described by Boucek (1988) for the single species
picta from Australia (Fig. la-b). There were no exact apomorphies proposed for
this monotypic genus. Surekha and Narendran (1992) described a second
species, L. bengalica , from India. I have not seen the type of the latter, and it is
not quite clear from the description whether this species was placed in the proper
genus.

It was Hansson (1996) who emphasized the role of the subtorular grooves in
the systematics of Entedoninae. Presence of these grooves was recorded as a
diagnostic character for the genus Asecodes , supporting monophyly of this genus
(Hansson 1996). It was mentioned that these grooves are also present in some
Chrysoharis, but there were no records of any other genera having this character.

A special attention was paid by me to this character when studying the
phylogeny of the World entedonine genera. I have found that these grooves are
present in some other genera of Entedoninae and can not be used for their
separation from each other. There are certain differences between the subtorular
grooves in Asecodes and Closterocerus (Fig. 2, 3). In the “true” Asecodes these
grooves represent a continuation of the scrobal grooves (Fig. 2), while in the
“true” Closterocerus these grooves are stretching downwards from the bottom of
the antennal toruli (Fig. 3).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 127

Fig. 2. Closterocerus turcicus (Nees), comb. n. (formerly places in the genus Asecodes ), face; st-
subtorular grooves.

The occipital groove (incomplete in Asecodes and missing or poorly visible
in Closterocerus , according to Hansson 1995) and the structure of the sensory
pore on the male scape (restricted to a small apicoventral group on the scape in
Closterocerus [rare within Entedoninae] and situated along the major part of the
ventral edge of the scape [more common] in Asecodes ) were used for separation
of these genera (Hansson 1996, etc.).

The genus Hispinocharis was described by Boucek (1988) for
Achrysocharella orientalis Ferrière, 1933. Then Ikeda and Kamijo (1993)
described another species, H. nigrescens. This genus was characterized mainly
by two-segmented antennal funicle and deeply channeled posterior notauli. In
regard to the grooves on the face, it was stated “frontal grooves X-shaped, as in
Pediobius , also lower face as in that genus” (Boucek 1988). Subtorular grooves
were not mentioned for this genus, although they are present in both described
species (type materials studied).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 128

Fig. 3. Closterocerus sp., face; st-subtorular grooves.

The genus Mangocharis (Fig. 4) was described by Boucek (1986) for a single
species longiscapus reared from leaf galis of Procontarinia matteianna Kieffer
& Cecconi (Cecidomyiidae) on the mango tree Mangifera indica L. The main
character separating this genus from the closest Closterocerus and
Neochrysocharis was the elongate scape (rather long in male, Fig. 3b, and
reaching above the median ocellus in female, Fig. 3a).

Both, Mangocharis and Hispinocharis , differ from Asecodes+Closterocerus
in rather quantitative (number of funicular joints and length of scape) or subtle
(delimitation of posterior notauli) characters. However, both genera represent a
monophyletic lineage with Asecodes+Closterocerus+Neochrysocharis in
possessing the subtorular grooves.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 129

Fig. 4. Closterocerus longiscapus (Boucek), comb. n., habitus: a- $; b- S', c-d S face ; st-
subtorular groove.

The genus Chrysonotomyia (Figs. 5-8) is clearly separable from both
Asecodes and Closterocerus in having delimited clypeus (Fig. 6, 8, cly). The
genus Ladna was not characterized by the subtorular grooves, but rather by the
delimited clypeus; however, this delimitation is hard to see. For a long time this
genus was characterized by three-segmented antennal clava (Graham 1959,
1963, Boucek 1988, Schauff 1991, Trjapitzin 1978), so that many species were
described in this genus erroneously. However, occasionally this placement was
correct, for example, in the case of Ch. postmarginaloides (Saraswat) (Figs. 7,
8). This species has both subtorular grooves and delimited clypeus, the unique
combination for Chrysonotomyia.

Careful study of paralectotypes of Chrysonotomyia auripunctata (Ashmead)
(BMNH) and paratype of Ladna picta Boucek (BMNH, Fig. 1) led me to the
conclusion of synonymy for these two genera. Although the subtorular grooves
are not so clear in L. picta , they are visible in special light.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 130

Fig. 5. Chrysonotomyia sp., face; scg-scrobal groove, fs-frontal sulcus.

Fig. 6. Chrysonotomyia sp., lowerface; st-subtorular grooves, cly-clypeus.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 131

Fig. 7. Chrysonotomyia postmarginaloides (Saraswat), face.

All the consideration set forth above have eventually confirmed me in the
opinion that of the seven discussed only two genera represent separate entities,
i. e. Closterocerus and Chrysonotomyia. These two genera, sharing the
subtorular grooves, differ from each other in the shape of scrobal grooves and of
frontal sulcus, and in clypeus being delimited or not (see Table 1).

Genus Closterocerus Westwood

Closterocerus Westwood, 1833: 419. Type species: Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood. By
monotypy.

Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912: 234. Type species: N. immaculata Kurdjumov, 1912: 234 ( =
Cirrospilus aratus Walker, 1838: 453), by original designation. Syn. n.

Asecodes Förster, 1856: 79. Type species: Asecodes fuscipes Förster (= coronis Walker). By
monotypy. Syn. n.

Hispinocharis Boucek, 1988: 718. Type species Achrysocharella orientalis Ferrière. Subseq.
desig. (Boucek, 1988). Syn. n.

Mangocharis Boucek, 1986: 403. Type species: Mangocharis longiscapus Boucek. By
monotypy. Syn. n.

For a full list of synonyms see Hansson 1996, and Boucek 1988.

Remark: in regard to the new concept proposed here some synonyms
established earlier require a confirmation (A. A. Girault’s genera, in particular).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 132

Diagnosis. Clypeus not delimited, subtorular grooves present; scrobal
grooves traced by sutures, short, converging, meeting frontal sulcus midway
between torulus and anterior ocellus, frontal sulcus angulate, without a ridge
above.

Biology. Wide spectrum of egg to pupal parasitoids mostly attacking
holometabolous insects, and occasionally some Hemimetabola as well (Hansson
1990, 1994b, 1995).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

Genus Chrysonotomyia Ashmead

Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 1904: 344. Type species: Eulophus auripunctatus Ashmead. By
original designation.

Ladna Boucek, 1988: 718. Type species: Ladna picta Boucek, by original designation. Syn. n.

Diagnosis. Clypeus delimited; subtorular grooves present as short sutures not
reaching clypeal sutures; scrobal grooves traced by sutures, long, meeting frontal
sulcus at a point much closer to anterior ocellus than to torulus; frontal sulcus
short, straight transverse and with overhanging ridge.

Supporting characters. Radial cell bare, mesoscutum with one pair of setae.
Remark. Most references to Chrysonotomyia concern Closterocerus.

Biology. The species with known biology are larval endoparasitoids of gall
midges (Cecidomyidae) (Hansson 1994a, Saraswat 1975).

Distribution. Neotropical (Ashmead 1904), Oriental (Saraswat 1975, Boucek
1986), Australasian (Boucek 1988).

Key to the known species of Chrysonotomyia

1. All antennal segments free, speculum open Ch. dominicana sp. n.

— At least two apical antennal segments fused 2

2. Two apical antennal segments fused Ch. auripunctata (Ashmead)

— Three apical antennal segments fused 3

3. Mandible bidentate, with two large subequal teeth Ch. postmarginaloides (Saraswat)

— Mandible multidentate, with one larger and several small teeth Ch. picta (Boucek), comb. n.

Phegea 29 (4) (1. XII. 2001): 133

Table 1 . Character matrix.

Genus

subtoru-

lar

grooves

scrobal grooves

frontal

sulcus

frontal

ridge

clypeus

trans-

epimeral

sulcus

setae on
midlobe of
mesoscutum

Chrysonotomyia

present

long, subparallel
in upper part,
almost reaching
anterior ocellus

transverse

present

delimited

curved-

straight

one pair

Ladna

present

long, subparallel
in upper part,
almost reaching
anterior ocellus

transverse

present

delimited

somewhat

curved

one pair

Closterocerus

present

short, not parallel,
distant from ante-
rior ocellus

angulate

absent

not

delimited

curved

one or two
pairs

Neochrysocharis

present

short, not parallel,
distant from ante-
rior ocellus

angulate

absent

not

delimited

straight or

weakly

curved

two pairs

Asecodes

present

short, not parallel,
distant from ante-
rior ocellus

angulate

absent

not

delimited

straight or

weakly

curved

two pairs

Hispinocharis

present

short, not parallel,
distant from ante-
rior ocellus

angulate

absent

not

delimited

somewhat

curved

two pairs

Mangocharis

present

short, not parallel,
distant from ante-
rior ocellus

angulate

absent

not

delimited

curved

one pair

Chrysonotomyia dominicana sp. n.

Type material. Holotype BMNH Pal. PI II 335, Dominican amber, Dominican Republic,
purchased McCallum, Marcus, 1993 (BMNH, Fig. 9).

Description [all dimensions 50x20]. Length 1.2 mm (70). Light white, but
original body color probably lost when preserved in amber, legs and antennae
seem to be darkened; setae on head and mesosoma have darkened bases.

Head in dorsal view about 2.3 (16/7) times as broad as long, with narrow
temples. Ocelli large, POL:OOL:OCL:MDO in ratio 3:1: 1:4. Head in frontal
view 1.3 (17/13) times as broad as high. Oral fossa 2.5 (5/2) times as long as
malar space. Eye large, with just few short setae, its height 6 (12/2) times longer
than malar space; malar sulcus appears as a short line. Anterior margin of
clypeus truncate, with delimitation of clypeus weakly traced. Frontal sulcus
short, situated closely to anterior ocellus, with distinct short ridge above and
long, subparallel scrobal grooves below. Subtorular grooves short. Combined
length of pedicel and flagellum as long as head breadth. Antennae inserted barely
above lower eye margin, with 1 narrow anellus and flagellum having all
segments free. Scape 5 times as long as broad (10/2); pedicel 1 .5 times as long as
broad (3/2). Flagellar segments tapering gradually, all segments about twice as
long as broad, their length/breadth ratio as follows: First 3/1.5, second 2. 5/ 1.2,

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 134

third 2/1, fourth and fifth 2/0.9, the latter with long spine being as long as its
segment.

Fig 8. Chrysonotomyia postmarginaJoides (Saraswat); st-subtorular grooves, cly-clypeus.

Mesosoma about 2.4 (27/11) times as long as broad. Pronotum conical,
without collar, with some short setae along its posterior margin. Mesoscutum
slightly broader than long (11/10); scutellum 1.66 times as long as broad.
Propodeum without specific sculpture. Legs slender, with 4-segmented tarsi.
Fore wing slightly more than twice (48/22) as long as broad, costal cell bare,
narrow, subcosta of submarginal vein with 2 setae on its dorsal surface before
distinct “break” where it meets praestigma; marginal vein 5 times (55/1 1) longer
than costal cell, postmarginal vein and stigmal veins about subequal in length,
radial sector bare; intercubital vein present as a row of 5 setae, speculum closed;
fringe of apical margin about twice as long as breadth of marginal vein in its
basal (broadest) part.

Metasoma. Petiole not visible (artifact), but obviously short, reduced. Gaster
ovate, twice (30/15) as long as broad, slightly shorter than head+mesosoma.
Ovipositor reaching along major part of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Biology. Unknown.

Origin. Dominican amber (Miocene).

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 135

Fig. 9: Chrysonotomyia dominicana sp. n., $ holotype: a - total view of the amber sample, b - fore
wing, c.- habitus, d.- line construction of some bodyparts.

Generic placement. It was not easy to place this species. Despite tiny
sclerotization and peculiar specific characters, 1 feel this to be a Chrysonotomyia
species. The character combination present in Table 2 demonstrates the
background of our choice.

Achrysocharoides sp.

Material. BMNH Pal. PI II 437 (2), Dominican amber, Dominican Republic, purchased
McCallum, Marcus, 1993 (BMNH), Fig. 10.

Morphological notes. There are several characters which may be seen in this
eulophid specimen: frontal fork transverse, antennal flagellum with 5 segments,
two apical fused, dorsal mesosoma evenly finely alveolate, notauli weakly
depressed anteriorly, median propodeum flat, with no sculpture, postmarginal
and stigmal veins short, subequal in length.

Phegea 29 (4) (1 .XII.2001): 136

Fig. 10: Achrysocharoides sp., a.- total view of the amber sample, b - habitus, c.- face, d.-
forewing.

Generic placement. This eulophid species is recognized by the characters
mentioned in Table 3. Other genera characterized by the transverse frontal sulcus
and considered for the generic placement of this species are Emersonella,
Pleurotroppopsis-complQx and Eprhopalotus. Emersonella has peculiar structure
of propodeum with two crescent median carinae and with foveae adjacent to
them. Species of the Pleurotroppopsis- complex ( Pleurotroppopsis ,

Apleurotropis, Zaommomenedon, Platocharis etc.) are easily recognizable by the
channeled anterior notauli, pronotal shoulders present as lateral protrusions of
pronotal collar, and mostly by the postmarginal vein much longer than stigmal,
all these characters being absent in the amber specimen. Eprhopalotus has
characteristic robust body, reduced pronotum and notauli sutured along their
entire length, which clearly rules this genus out. In general aspect the amber
species is close to Closterocerus and Chrysocharis. Closterocerus has angulate
frontal sulcus, while the frontal sulcus is transverse in the amber specimen).
Some species of Chrysonocharis have frontal sulcus nearly transverse, but then
the last anellus is enlarged and postmarginal vein longer than stigmal: none of
these characters is seen in the amber specimen.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 137

Table 2. The background for the generic placement of Chrysonotomyia dominicana sp. n.

Amber specimen,
BMNH Pal. PI II
335

Characters

Taxonomie

level

+

Antenna with no more than 10 segments: 8 segments

w

<

Q

HH

+

Foretibial spur considerably reduced

I

Oh

J

+

Tarsi 4- or 3-segmented: 4 segmented

O

m

+

Scutellum with 1 pair of setae

+

Face with frontal sulcus

<D

cd

’S

o

+

Gaster with 7 segments only (no separation between
segments behind cerci)

"Ö

ö

W

+

First pair of mesosomal spiracles covered by the
overlapping margin of the pronotum, no pronotal
emargination around spiracle

+

Frontal grooves represent a special pattem with long
subparallel scrobal grooves ended by short, transverse
frontal sulcus traced above by a short ridge

+

Scutellum with 1 pair of setae

.2

o

+

Clypeus delimited

O

>ï

F-

5

+

Radial sector of fore wing bare

C/3

3

C

<u

o

+

Subtorular grooves present

+

Two apical flagellar segments free

c n

J-H

<D

o

03

c3

43

O

Ö

+

Speculum closed

o

<U

Ph

in

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 138

Table 3. The background for the generic placement of Achrysocharoides sp.

EULOPHIDAE

Entedoninae

Achrysocharoides

Amber
specimen,
BMNH Pal. PI
II 437 (2)

Antenna with no more than
10 segments: 8 segments

Scutellum with 1
pair of setae

Frontal sulcus
transverse

+

Foretibial spur considerably
reduced

Face with frontal
sulcus

Notauli not

channeled

anteriorly

+

Tarsi 4- or 3-segmented: 4
segmented

Gaster with 7
segments only

Last anellus not
enlarged

+

First pair of
spiracles covered by
the overlapping
margin of the
pronotum, no
pronotal
emargination
around spiracle

Postmarginal vein as
long as or very
slightly longer than
stigmal vein

+

Median propodeum
either with no
sculpture or with thin
median carina

+

Lateral panel of
pronotum with
semicircular plica

?

One of the most peculiar characters for Achrysocharoides is the semicircular
plica on the lateral panel of pronotum (the character shared by Entedon and, to
some extent, by Pleurotroppopsis- complex). Unfortunately, the pronotal
structure is a bit deformed in the amber specimen, so we can not properly
examine its lateral panel. But even without data on this character the generic
placement of the specimen is still possible.

Species recognition. There are many morphological features (e. g.
coloration, exact measurements of the antennal joints etc.) playing a significant
role in identification of species of this genus. The condition of the amber
specimen does not allow to see them, so we avoid any further speculation.

P/?^u29(4)(l.XII.2001): 139

Acknowledgements

This paper represents a part of the author's research on the phylogeny and
evolution of Entedoninae, supported by the Royal Society/NATO Postdoctoral
Fellowship award (NATO/99A/bll). Part of this work was fmanced by the SFFR
(State Fund of Fundamental Research, Ukraine, grant 05.07/00078).

1 appreciate the kind assistance and advice of John FaSalle (CSIRO,
Canberra, Australia) before and during my stay in England.

The author is very indebted to Andrew Ross (BMNH, The Natural History
Museum, Fondon, UK) for his assistance in getting access to the amber
collection of the Paleontology Department, and Andrew Polaszek (BMNH, CAB
International) for technical assistance in getting digital color photos. I am also
very grateful to Mr. Chris Jones and Dr. Alex Ball (BMNH) for their great help
and assistance in preparation of SEM pictures of uncoated specimens. My warm
thanks are due to John Noyes and Susan Fewis (BMNH) for their assistance
during my work with the Chalcidoidea collection in the BMNH.

References

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(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a review of the species in the Nearctic region. —
Proc.entomol.Soc.Wash. 96: 665-673.

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Hansson, C., 1994b. Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera:

Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species. — Ent.scand. 25:1-25.

Hansson, C., 1995. Revision of the Nearcic species of Neoclvysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera:
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pereponchatokrylykh nasekomykh). — Moscow, 191 pp.

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Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 141

Boekbespreking

Lastüvka, Z. & Lastüvka, A.: The Sesiidae ofEurope.

24 x 17 cm, 245 p., 9 kleurenplaten, 107 tekstfiguren. Apollo Books Aps., Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-
5774 Stenstrup, Denmark, 2001. Hardback. DKK 370,- (ISBN 87-88757-52-8).

Dit boek is een grondig bijgewerkte editie van An Illustrated Key to European Sesiidae (1995).
Deze maal is het ook een echt boek geworden en werd de kwaliteit grondig aangepakt zodat een
intensief gebruik beduidend beter zal worden doorstaan dan door de vorige uitgave.

Het is echter niet alleen aan "de buitenkant" die onder handen werd genomen: ook de inhoud is
grondig herwerkt. De talrijke taxonomische, biologische en verspreidingsgegevens van de laatste
jaren zijn mee opgenomen. Ook enkele belangrijke wijzigingen worden in dit boek aangevoerd: zes
soorten worden hier nu als ondersoort beschouwd en twee soorten en één genus worden
gesynonymiseerd, zodat ook een aantal nieuwe combinaties ontstaat. Uiteraard zijn ook alle sinds de
vorige uitgave nieuw ontdekte Europese soorten opgenomen.

De inleidende hoofdstukken omvatten een korte historiek, informatie over de morfologie,
biologie, fylogenie en verspreiding. Tevens wordt dieper ingegaan op verzamel- en kweekmethoden
en wordt een volledige lijst van alle Europese Sesiidae en hun voedselplanten gegeven.

Het eigenlijke werk bestaat uit vier delen: de determinatiesleutels voor subfamilies, tribes en
genera, de soortbesprekingen, de kleurenplaten en de talrijke zeer gedetailleerde tekstfiguren.

De differentiërende kenmerken in de sleutels zijn met zorg gekozen maar beletten niet dat men
soms toch nog "vastloopt". De Sesiidae vormen nu eenmaal geen echt "gemakkelijke" familie.

De overzichtelijke soortbesprekingen vermelden steeds waar het typemateriaal en de
typelokaliteit zich bevinden en in welke publicatie een soort voor het eerst werd beschreven.
Vervolgens worden steeds de diagnostische kenmerken, de structuur van de genitalia, de biologie en
habitat en de verspreiding behandeld en worden, per soort, speciale opmerkingen toegevoegd.

De kleurenplaten zijn, hoewel ze gebaseerd zijn op die uit de vorige uitgave, van beduidend
betere kwaliteit en werden aangevuld met de afbeeldingen van nieuw beschreven soorten.

Voor de talrijke tekstfiguren is in deze editie een volledige pagina per soort gereserveerd. Deze
illustreren, indien relevant, de meest karakteristieke kenmerken van het behandelde taxon: een
(detail) van de vleugels, het abdomen, de palpen, enz. Bij bijna elke soort worden tevens prima
pentekeningen van de genitaalapparaten van beide geslachten afgebeeld. Een verspreidingskaartje
voor elke soort vervolledigt het geheel.

Tenslotte biedt dit boek dat, net als zijn "voorganger", onmisbaar is voor elke "Sesiidoloog" in
tabelvorm een overzichtelijke checklist van elke soort per land en sluit het af met een zeer
uitgebreide literatuurlijst en een alfabetische index.

Theo Garrevoet

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 142

The Skippers and Butterflies of the Greek part of the
Rodópi massif (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea &
Papilionoidea)

John G. Coutsis & Nikos Ghavalas

Abstract. The hitherto recorded species of Skippers and Butterflies from the Rodópi massif
in N Greece are being listed and the zoogeographic importance of this area unique for Greece is
being discussed.

Samenvatting. De dagvlinders van het Griekse deel van de Rodopen (Lepidoptera:
Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea)

Alle soorten dagvlinders, tot nu toe bekend van het Rodopengebergte in Noord-Griekenland,
worden opgesomd en het zoögeografische belang van dit gebied, uniek voor Griekenland, wordt
besproken

Key words: Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea - Greece - Rhodopi - faunistics - distribution

Coutsis, J.G.: 4 Glykonos Street, GR- 10675 Athens, Greece. e-mail: kouts@otenet.gr
Ghavalas, N.: 30 KaraoK-Dhimitrfou Street, GR- 12461 Athens, Greece.

Introduction

The Greek part of the Rodópi massif lies immediately south and along a
substantial length of the Greek-Bulgarian border, following an east to west
general direction. To the west it is bordered by the Néstos river valley, to the east
by the Évros river basin and to the south by the plains of eastern Greek
Macedonia and Greek Thrace. lts overall length is about 160km and its highest
peak is approximately 1950m.

This mountain system is a very ancient landmass, with little evidence of
having ever been submerged and with the probability that it may have been
further uplifted and folded during the Alpine upheaval of the Tertiary period. It
is mainly composed of ancient igneous and metamorphic rock and also includes
much crystalline limestone.

The individual mountains of the western half of this mountain system rise
wave upon wave to heavily forested, rounded summits, rarely exceeding 1500m
in altitude. These are separated by equally heavily forested gorges and ravines, at
the bottom of which flow a good number of streams and a few small rivers,
many of these being tributaries to the Néstos river. The eastern half, though
heavily forested in some areas, has a lot of open spaces, some of which, at low
elevations, are agricultural.

The high precipitation, the overall relatively cool weather and the abundance
of water from melting snows, all help to give these mountains a high humidity
for much of the year. Locally and mostly at lower elevations, there are also areas
of a more xeric nature.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 143

The forests of this massif are to a greater extent deciduous and to a lesser one
coniferous, but in many instances they are a mixture of both. As a rule there is
also a rich undergrowth of a multitude of low plant species, amongst which there
are many grasses that persist throughout the warm period of the year.

The roads cutting through the Rodópi massif are few and, in general, unpaved
and the whole area is almost devoid of human habitations. Lumbering is light
and strictly controlled by the Ministry of Agriculture. The grazing areas are
restricted in size and they too are likewise controlled by the same Ministry. A
sizeable section of the western part of the massif, named Fraktó, is partially
prohibited to visitors, while an area named Parthéno Dasos (=Virgin forest) is
totally prohibited to visitors, a special permission, seldom given, being required
from the Ministry of Agriculture in order for one to enter it. All these conditions
constitute a positive situation for the present and future survival of this precious
habitat and it is hoped that they will be made permanent.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 144

Collecting history

The first data on the lepidoptera of this area were published in the 70’s and
early 80’s by the English lepidopterist Dr. J. V. Dacie and his wife, together with
their Greek friend and companion, Dr. P. Grammaticós and, on some occasions,
together also with Dr. L. G. Higgins, his wife and the first of the present authors.
Further data were published in the 8CTs by the Belgian lepidopterist D. van der
Poorten. In the late 80’s and in the 90’s our knowledge of the lepidopterological
fauna of the Rodópi massif was further enriched by the published records of the
present authors, while in the 90’s new and important faunistic additions were
published by the Greek lepidopterist and agricultural scientist A. Koutroubas.
During this last-mentioned period, a number of unpublished records were also
carried out and made available to us, by the Greek lepidopterists S. Ichtiaroglou
and A. Mastorakis. The total amount of data now available seemed to us
defmitive enough to justify the publication of the present paper.

Lepidopterological fauna

The lepidopterological fauna of these mountains is of particular importance,
as it contains several central European dements that reach here their
southernmost distribution limit, being found nowhere else in Greece. All this
attests to the importance of preserving at all cost this habitat unique for Greece.
Unfortunately, in the name of progress, a number of areas have already been
irrevocably destroyed by the construction of dams, as part of a more general and
ambitious program for the production of electricity through hydroelectric energy.

List of Skippers and Butterflies

The list of skippers and butterflies now being presented is derived mostly
from personal collecting experiences, extending over a period of more than ten
years. The recorded dates and altitudes that are being listed in no way represent
flight periods and altitude ranges for the species of the Rodópi massif, but,
instead, personal collecting data. Most taxa, unless otherwise stated, inhabit open
spaces, such as prairies, fields, meadows, forest Gearings and rides.

Hesperiidae

1. Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as common in May, June, July
and August at altitudes of 150-1600m.

2. Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]). Recorded locally in rather small
numbers in April, May, July and August at altitudes óf 100-1500m.

3. Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeiler, 1847). Recorded as rather scarce in June
and July at altitudes of 1000-1600m. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.
This species has also been recorded from Mt. Vamoüs, as well as from Mt. Vóio,
both in NW Greece, where, in both localities, it is syntopic and synchronous with
Carcharodus orientalis Reverdin, 1913, a species so far never recorded from the
Rodópi massif.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001 ): 145

4. Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783]). Recorded in fair numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 1000-1400m. During hot days often found congregating
on mud-puddles. All recorded specimens, yellowish-brown on upperside, quite
in contrast with populations from NW Greece that are greyish-brown instead.

5. Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as fairly common in May, June
and July at altitudes of 400-1 600m. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

6. Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]). Recorded in rather restricted numbers in
June and July at altitudes of 600-1600m. All recorded specimens without light
spots on hindwing upperside and devoid of any whitish suffusion on upper
surfaces. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

7. Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür, 1910). Recorded as fairly numerous in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 200-1 600m. Identification confirmed
by the genitalia, which appear to have the blunt apex of the cucullus ( persicus
(Reverdin, 191 3)-type sensu de Jong 1972).

8. Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur, 1839). Only once recorded in early July at an
altitude of about 600m. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

9. Pyrgus carthami (Hübner, [1813]). Only once recorded in early July at the
Rodópi foothills, ca. 600m. Identification confmned by the genitalia. First record
for Greece by van der Poorten (1981).

10. Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, [1839]). Recorded in fair numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 800-1 500m. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

1 1. Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784). Recorded in fair numbers in June and July at
altitudes of 400-1 500m.

12. Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]). Recorded locally in fair numbers in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 200-1 500m.

13. Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771). Recorded in fair numbers in
June and July at altitudes of 1 200-1 600m. Often found in damp places, near
streams and in forest clearings. First record for Greece by Coutsis, van der
Poorten and Ghavalas ( 1 989). Within Greek territory confmed to the Rodópi
massif only.

14. Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 200-1 OOOm.

15. Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761). Recorded as common in June and
July at altitudes of 200-1 500m.

16. Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808). Recorded in good numbers in
July at altitudes of 400-1 600m. Not as common as sylvestris.

17. Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded sparsely in July and August
at altitudes of 500-1600m.

18. Ochlodes faunus (Turati, 1905). Recorded as quite common in late June,
July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

Papilionidae

19. Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded locally
and in small numbers at the Rodópi foothills in April and early May at altitudes
of 100-2 5 Om.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 146

20. Zerynthia cerisy (Godart, [1824]). Recorded in good numbers in late
May, June and early July at altitudes of 100-500m.

21. Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798). Recorded very locally in small numbers
in the eastem Rodópi in April at about 200m altitude.

22. Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as locally plentiful in
late May, June and July at altitudes of 400-1 800m. A single female, probably a
stray, captured at 1 00m altitude.

23. Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in late June and July at
altitudes of 1 000-1 500m. Locally abundant in places with rocky outcrops.

24. Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758. Recorded in small numbers in June,
July and August at altitudes of 100-1300m.

25. Iphiclides podalihus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in
April, May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1300m.

Pieridae

26. Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as quite abundant,
especially near streams, in May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-
1200m.

27. Leptidea duponcheli (Staudinger, 1871). Recorded by lehtiaroglou (pers.
com.) at the Rodópi foothills in June, below 500m, in rather dry situations, where
it was found to be locally fairly abundant.

28. Colias crocea (Fourcroy, 1785). Recorded as quite common in April,
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

29. Colias erate (Esper, [1805]). Few specimens recorded in June and July at
altitudes of 400-1400m. This species has an erratic appearance in N Greece,
where most records have been carried out from late June till September and are
probably attributable either to migration or to precarious and short-lived
colonization. Hybridizes readily with crocea, producing an array of intermediate
forms.

30. Colias alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905. Recorded in fair numbers in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 1 50-1 500m.

31. Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linnaeus, 1767). Only once recorded from the
Rodópi foothills, at an altitude of about 800m. As this butterfly is generally
considered to be absent from NE Greece, it may very well be that the single
recorded male was a straggler.

32. Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in April,
May, June and July at altitudes of 250-1 500m.

33. Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in rather small
numbers in April, May, June and July at altitudes of 200-1 500m.

34. Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1804]). Recorded in April and June at
altitudes of 100-400m. Found in relative abundance, mostly in fields and
flowery meadows.

35. Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in May, June and July at
altitudes of 400-1 600m. Often very common.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 147

36. Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777). Recorded in small numbers in April,
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1500m.

37. Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1813]). Recorded as very local, but quite
abundant where found, in the eastem part of the massif, at an altitude of just
under lOOOm. Observed flying over dry river and stream beds, strewn with
boulders. First record for Greece by Dacie et al. (1979).

38. Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in abundance in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

39. Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in large numbers in April, May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

40. Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851). Recorded locally and in fair numbers in
June, July and August at altitudes of 300-1 600m.

41. Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758). The name napi is used here collectively to
include also the taxon balcana Lorkovic, 1970, as we have found it impossible to
teil the two apart on superficial grounds, since the extemal characters given for
their separation do not seem to work in a good number of cases. Recorded in
April, May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m. In fair abundance
mostly in damp areas.

42. Pieris ergane (Geyer, [1828]). Recorded in rather small numbers in July
at altitudes of 400-1600m. Encountered primarily in the drier parts of the massif.

Lycaenidae

43. Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded locally and in small
numbers, mostly in humid situations, in April, May, June and August at altitudes
of 200-1 500m.

44. Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761). Recorded commonly in April, May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

45. Lycaena dispar ([Haworth], 1802). Recorded locally, in a few colonies
that are being encountered at the base of the massif along the Néstos river, in
June and August at an altitude of about 400m. One of the sites, in the vicinity of
Potami, has been irrevocably destroyed by the construction of a dam.

46. Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as common in June and
July at altitudes of 550-1 600m. Found primarily in flowery places and often in
dampish clearings.

47. Lycaena ottomana (Lefebvre, [1830]). Recorded in small numbers in the
drier parts of the eastern half of the massif, in April and May at altitudes of 200-
300m.

48. Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 400-1600m. As a rule encountered in flowery places.

49. Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761). Recorded in fair numbers in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m. Inhabits diverse habitats, such as
flowery meadows, damp clearings and dry scrubland.

50. Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784]). Recorded in small numbers in July at
altitudes of 400-500m. Usually found in relatively xeric situations.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 148

51. Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schaffer, 1844). Recorded in June and July at
altitudes of 1 200-1 600m. Found predominantly in humid situations where it may
be quite numerous. Identification established on the basis of the genitalia.

52. Thecla betulae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in small numbers (due to its
cryptic habits) in July and August at altitudes of 150-200m. During very hot
days found resting on low vegetation, under the dense canopy of tall deciduous
trees.

53. Favonius quercus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded as common in the vicinity
of Quercus trees in July and August at altitudes of 600-1 200m.

54. Callophrys rubi Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in April,
May, June and July at altitudes of 200-1 500m.

55. Satyrium priini (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in late May, June and July at
altitudes of 400-1400m. Abundant on certain mature Prunus bushes, which it
seldom leaves, thus being easily overlooked. First record for Greece by Dacie et
al. (1972), between Flórina and Édessa, in NW Greece.

56. Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782). Recorded in small numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 400-500m. Often seen nectaring on bramble blossoms.

57. Satyrium spini (Fabricius, 1787). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 400-1 400m.

58. Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius, 1787). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

59. Satyrium ilicis (Esper, [1779]). Recorded in large numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 400-800m. Always found in association with Quercus
bushes.

60. Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767). Recorded singly in August at
altitudes of 400-500m.

61. Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767). Recorded in small numbers in July
and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

62. Cupido decoloratus (Staudinger, 1886). Recorded in fair numbers in May
and July at altitudes 400-1 300m.

63. Cupido alcetas (Hoffmansegg, 1804). Recorded in fair numbers in May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 300-1000m.

64. Cupido osiris (Meigen, [1829]). Recorded in small numbers in May at
altitudes of 500-600m.

65. Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in July and
August at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

66. Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in June,
July and August at altitudes of 300-1 600m.

67. Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865). Recorded locally in fair numbers
in May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m. It is predominantly
met with in xeric situations.

68. Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771). Recorded locally, nearly always in the
vicinity of Sedum , in May, June, July and August at altitudes of 150-1200m.

69. Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761). Recorded in fair numbers in May and
July at altitudes of 250-600m.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 149

70. Iolana iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816). Recorded locally and in fair numbers,
at the foothills of eastern Rodópi in May and June at an altitude of about 100m.

71. Maculinea rebeli Hirschke, 1904. Recorded locally in small numbers in
rather wet situations in June and July at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

72. Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 600-1600m.

73. Plebeius argus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded, often in large numbers, in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 200-1 500m.

74. Plebeius pylaon (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832). Recorded in small
numbers only once by a stream at the Rodópi foothills in June at an altitude of
about 600m.

75. Plebeius idas (Linnaeus, 1761). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 400-1 600m. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

76. Plebeius argyrognomon (Bergstrasser, 1779). Recorded locally in small
numbers in June and August at altitudes of 400-800m. Identification confirmed
by the genitalia.

77. Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, [1780]). Recorded locally in small numbers,
over rich patches of Geranium, in June at altitudes of 1000-1500m.

78. Aricia agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded commonly in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

79. Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 600-1 600m.

80. Ultraaricia anteros (Freyer, [1838]). Recorded in small numbers, in the
vicinity of Geranium, in May, June and July at altitudes of 500-1500m.

81. Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in
May, June and July at altitudes of 400-1 600m. A relatively large form (as is the
case with other populations from northem Greece), and very rarely having tracés
of orange-brown lunules on underside of hindwing.

82. Polyommatus escheri (Hübner, 1823). Recorded in small numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 600-1 OOOrn. Colour of males on upperside silvery-blue,
placing it in ssp. dalmaticus (Speyer, 1882).

83. Polyommatus dorylas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in
small numbers in July and August at altitudes of 400-1 OOOrn.

84. Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, [1835]). Recorded in fair numbers in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 300-1200m.

85. Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792). Recorded in fair numbers,
especially in the vicinity of Vicia bushes, in May, June and July at altitudes of
600-1 500m.

86. Polyommatus eroides (Frivaldszky, 1835). Recorded in fair numbers in
late June and July at altitudes of 1 000-1 600m.

87. Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in large numbers in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

88. Polyommatus daphnis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in June, July and August at altitudes of 400-1 300m. Females on
upperside always with blue suffusion.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 150

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001 ): 151

Figs. 1^4 : 1- General view of the deciduous forest, 2- An opening within the coniferous forest, composed mainly of Picea abies , 3.- A meadow
edged by a mixture of Picea abies and Abies alba , 4 - Erebia aethiops (Esper, [ 1 777]) together with a single male Plebeius argus (Linnaeus, 1758)
sipping moisture.

89. Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 400-1200m.

90. Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761). Recorded in fair numbers, but often
locally common, in July and August at altitudes of 300-1 150m. The haploid
chromosome number for NE Greek populations of this species was found to be
77= 90 (Coutsis, De Prins & De Prins 2001).

91. Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830). Recorded locally in small numbers
in late June and July at altitudes of 800-1200m. The haploid chromosome
number for this species in Greece was found to be n= 90 (Coutsis, Puplesiene &
De Prins, 1999).

92. Polyommatus aroaniensis (Brown, 1976). Recorded only once by
Ghavalas and Ichtiaroglou at the foothills of the massif, in the vicinity of Potami,
near Néstos river, at about 500m, in July.

93. Polyommatus admetus (Esper, [1783]). Recorded only once by Ghavalas
and Ichtiaroglou at the foothills of the massif, in the vicinity of Potami, near
Néstos river, at about 500m, in July.

Nymphalidae

94. Libythea celtis (Laicharting,1782). Recorded in April, May, June and July
at altitudes of 100-1600m. Can be very numerous right after emergence,
becoming scarcer later, probably as a result of aestivation.

95. Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in May, June, July and
August at altitudes of 100-1300m. Found locally in fair numbers in wet and
dense situations. In Rodópi ssp. tircis (Butler, 1867) is encountered, with yellow
or creamy-white spots on all wings upperside, instead of the orange-buff ones of
the nominate ssp.

96. Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767). Recorded in fair numbers in April,
May, July and August at altitudes of 150-1200m. It is met with, as a rule, in
relatively xeric conditions.

97. Lasiommata rnaera (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in rather small numbers
in May, June and July at altitudes of 150-1300m.

98. Lasiommata petropolitana (Fabricius, 1787). Recorded locally in large
numbers in May and June at altitudes of 1200-1600m.

99. Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, [1777]). Recorded in June, July and August at
altitudes of 300-1200m. This is a cryptic butterfly, seldöm seen in large
numbers.

100. Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761). Recorded commonly in June
and July at altitudes of 400-1 600m.

101. Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788). Recorded in July at
altitudes of 1 200-1 600m. At higher elevations it can be locally quite numerous.
First record for Greece by van der Poorten (1984). In Greece restricted to the
Rodópi massif only.

102. Coenonympha leander (Esper, [1784]). Recorded in fair numbers in
May and June at the Rodópi foothills, near Néstos river, at about 600m. This
population belongs to the nominate form, having no white band on hindwing

Phegea 29 (4) (1. XII. 2001): 152

underside, although very rarely vestiges of such a band are slightly apparent in
some individuals.

103. Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded commonly in
May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1500m.

104. Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900. Recorded in fair numbers in
June and July at altitudes of 1400-1 600m. Primarily found in subalpine
meadows.

105. Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus, 1767). Recorded locally in fair numbers in
July and August at altitudes of 150-1300m. Encountered primarily in wet
situations.

106. Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in large numbers in May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

107. Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded in rather small
numbers in July and August at altitudes of 400-1 300m. Prefers xeric situations.

108. Hyponephele lupina (Costa, [1836]). Recorded singly in July at altitudes
of 400-500m in xeric situations.

109. Aphantopus hyperantus (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in June, July and
August at altitudes of 100-1500m. Found locally in wet situations in fairly large
numbers. One year found in astronomical numbers inside a Betula forest.

110. Erebia aethiops (Esper, [1777]). Recorded in large numbers in July and
early August at altitudes of 600-1 600m. First record for Greece by Dacie et al.
(1982). In Greece restricted to the Rodópi massif only.

111. Erebia ligea (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 600-1 600m. In Greece this species is to be met with only on
the Rodópi massif, and on Mt. Varnous and Mt. Vitsi, the latter two localities
being situated in NW Greece in the vicinity of the town of Flórina.

112. Erebia euryale (Esper, [1805]). Recorded in fair numbers in July at
altitudes of 600-1 600m. In Greece this species flies on a number of mountains,
all situated along, or near the country’s northern borders, its Southern distribution
limit being Mt. Falakró, just N of the town of Drama. The Rodópi population is
represented by a relatively large form, individuals of which are often as large as
ligea.

113. Erebia medusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fairly
large numbers in May, June and July at altitudes of 400-1600m. In Greece this
species has a range extending southwards all the way to the Southern Pindos
mountains.

114. Erebia oeme (Hübner, 1804). Recorded in fair numbers in July at
altitudes of 1400-1600m, most often in damp meadows. Identification confirmed
by the genitalia. First record for Greece by Dacie et al. (1979). In Greece
restricted to the Rodópi massif only.

115. Erebia ottomana Herrich-Schaffer, 1847. Recorded in fair numbers in
July at altitudes of 1400-1 600m. The Rodópi population is represented by a
relatively small form, with dark grey hindwing underside. In Greece this insect
has a range extending all the way south to Mt. Timfristós and Mt. Iti, both
situated in central Greece. Identification confirmed by the genitalia.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 153

116. Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded commonly in June,
July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m. As is the case with other areas in
Greece, the Rodópi population is likewise represented by dark specimens.

117. Melanargia larissa (Geyer, [1828]). Recorded, as locally numerous in
relatively xeric situations, in July at altitudes of 150-600m.

118. Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793). Recorded in fair numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 100-1400m.

119. Minois dry as (Scopoli, 1763). Recorded in July at altitudes of 600-
1200m. It is found, as a rule, in relatively damp places, where it may be locally
numerous. First record for Greece by van der Poorten (1984). This taxon is
restricted in Greece to areas close to its northern borders, being also found in the
vicinity of lake Doirani, as well as in Livaderó, a few km N of Drama.

120. Hipparchia fagi (Scopoli, 1763). Recorded in fair numbers in June, July
and August at altitudes of 300-1 500m. Identification based on the genitalia.

121. Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871). Recorded in small numbers in
July and August at altitudes of 200-800m, as a rule within the Quercus zone.
Identification based on the genitalia.

122. Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908). Recorded in fair numbers in
June and July at altitudes of 400-1 400m. Identification based on the genitalia.
The Rodópi population, as well as those from adjacent localities, consists of a
relatively small and drab-coloured form, quite in contrast to those from central
and Southern Greece, as well as to those from the Aegean islands, which are
relatively large and brightly coloured.

123. Hipparchia fatua Freyer, 1843. So far recorded only in xeric habitats at
the foothills of the eastem part of the Rodópi massif, where it is locally quite
numerous in August at altitudes of 150-300m.

124. Chazara briscis (Linnaeus, 1764). Recorded in July in the eastem part
of the Rodópi massif at altitudes of 600-1000m.

125. Arethusana arethusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in July and August at altitudes of 300-1 000m.

126. Brintesia circe (Fabricius, 1775). Recorded in fair numbers in June, July
and August at altitudes of 300—1 500m.

127. Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded commonly in June and July
inside the deciduous, or mixed deciduous/coniferous forest, especially near
streams lined with Salix, at altitudes of 600-1 400m. A single recorded male was
found lacking the white markings on upperside («form iole»). This taxon has
been found in Greece as far south as the Southern part of the Pindos Mts.

128. Apatura metis Freyer, 1829. Recorded in June, July and August at
altitudes of 100-500m, being common on Salix at the foothills of the massif,
near, or by the Néstos river. In N Greece this taxon extends along most river
Systems eastwards all the way to Évros river and westwards all the way to
Doirani lake, where, in the latter mentioned locality, it has been found to be
syntopic and synchronous with the closely related A. ilia ([Denis &
Schiffermüller], 1775). Isolated populations of it have also been recorded in the

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 154

vicinity of Kónitsa, in NW Greece. First published record for Greece by Coutsis
& Ghavalas (1991 ).

129. Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764). Recorded in fair numbers in late
June and July at altitudes of 1000-1500m. This butterfly is cryptic in its habits
and may be easily overlooked, but at noon and in the early afternoon, during the
hottest part of the day, it may be observed flying low, in and out of the dense
cover of trees, in search of wet spots and mud puddles. White bands on
upperside narrower than in central and northern European individuals. First
record for Greece by Koutroubas (1992). In Greece restricted to the Rodópi
massif only.

130. Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901. Recorded in fair numbers in May,
July and August at altitudes of 200-1 300m.

131. Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in good numbers in June
and July at altitudes of 600-1200m and is usually observed either feeding on
excrement, or mud-puddling. First record for Greece by Van der Poorten (1984).
Males upperside melanic, with practical ly no tracé whatsoever of white bands
(«form tremulae »). In Greece also found on Mt. Vamoüs, near Flórina.

132. Neptis sappho (Pallas, 1771). Recorded in fair numbers in May, July and
August at altitudes of 150-1200m. Many colonies found at the Rodópi foothills,
by the Néstos river, where some of the butterfly’s better-known habitats have
now been destroyed by the construction of a dam. First record for Greece by
Dacie et al. (1977). In Greece this taxon is restricted to the Rodópi massif as well
as to certain areas close to the foothills of Mt. Falakró, N of Drama.

133. Neptis hvulciris (Scopoli, 1763). Recorded in June and July at altitudes
of 600-1500m, almost exclusively inside the deciduous forest. First record for
Greece by Coutsis & Ghavalas (1988). In Greece restricted to the Rodópi
massif only.

134. Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded locally in fair numbers in
April, May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-500m. First record for
Greece by Koutroubas (1991). In Greece this taxon is presently only known from
the Rodópi area, as well as from near lake Doirani. One of its better known
localities, near Potami, by the Néstos river, is now completely destroyed by the
construction of a dam. In Greece, this butterfly has been recorded in all its
known seasonal forms.

135. Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded commonly in April, May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

136. Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded, often in large numbers, in
April, May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

137. Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

138. Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 400-1 600m.

139. Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1500m, as a rule in forested areas.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001 ): 155

140. Polygonia egea (Cramer, [1775]). Recorded only once at the foothills of
eastern Rodópi in August at an altitude of 200m. This species favours xeric
situations.

141. Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in rather small
numbers in April, May, June and July at altitudes of 100-1600m.

142. Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, [1781]). Two specimens recorded by
Ichtiaroglou and Mastorakis in late June at Vathirema, at an altitude of about
lOOOm.

143. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded, often in fair numbers,
in April, May, June and July at altitudes of 100-1600m.

144. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775). A single colony of this taxon
has so far been recorded from the eastern part of the Rodópi massif at an altitude
of about 300m. The butterfly is on the wing from May till mid-July. First records
for Greece by Koutsaftikis (1973) and Dacie et al. (1977). The butterfly is also
found on Mt. Vitsi and Mt, Varnous, both situated in the Flórina area.

145. Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in May, June and July,
flying in fluctuating numbers from year-to-year, but often quite common, at
altitudes of 150-1600m.

146. Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m.

147. Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in April, May, June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1300m.

148. Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1778]). Recorded in fair numbers in May, July
and August at altitudes of 100-1300m.

149. Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775). Recorded, often in large numbers,
in June and July at altitudes of 400-1 500m. This species is found predominantly
in the forest.

150. Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850. This taxon has been reported from the
Rodópi area by Tolman & Lewington (1997) and has also been recorded during
the same year by van der Poorten & Cuvelier (1997) from the foothills of Mt.
Varnous, in the vicinity of Flórina; the latter authors based their identification on
the genitalia, which constitute the only reliable means of telling this taxon apart
from the often very similar athalia.

151. Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in numbers in June, July
and August at altitudes of 100-1500m.

152. Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1300m.

153. Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in June,
July and August at altitudes of 400-1500m.

154. Argynnis adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in fair
numbers in June and July at altitudes of 500-1 500m. The predominant form in
this area is cleodoxa, but the typical form has also often been taken in the
vicinity of Mikroklisoüra, at the Rodópi foothills.

155. Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in rather small numbers in
June and July at altitudes of 400-1 500m. The form flying in Greece is eris.

Phegea 29 (4) (1. XII. 2001): 156

156. Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in numbers in April, May,
June, July and August at altitudes of 100-1600m .

157. Brenthis daphne ( Bergstrasser, 1780). Recorded in numbers in June and
July at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

158. Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). Recorded in rather
restricted numbers in July at altitudes of 600-1 300m. This butterfly favours
more xeric situations than does daphne.

159. Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758). Recorded in fair numbers in May,
June and July at altitudes of 400-1 500m.

160. Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767). Recorded in small numbers in May, June,
July and August at altitudes of 400-1000m.

Discussion

The 160 so far recorded skippers and butterflies from the Rodópi massif
represent about 70% of the total number of species from all of Greece (presently
recognized as amounting to 228), thus attesting to the lepidopterological richness
and importance of this area. Out of these 160 species, six are restricted within
Greece to the Rodópi massif only (C. palaemon, C. glycerion , E. oeme, E.
aethiops , E. camilla and N. rivularis ), while four are shared only by Mt.
Vamoüs/ Mt. Vitsi, a mountain complex situated near Flórina, in NW Greece,
that supports an extensive deciduous forest analogous to that of Rodópi (E. ligea ,
L populi, E. aurinia and M. aurelia). The number of taxa that have been
recorded from Rodópi, but not from Varnoüs/Vitsi, amount to 27 (P. carthami ,
C. palaemon , A. apollinus , P. apollo , G. cleopatra, C. erate , P. chloridice, E.
ottomana, S. pruni, L. boeticus , C. decoloratus , S. orion , I. iolas , M. rebeli , P.
pyloon , C. glycerion , E. aethiops , E. oeme , M. dryas, H. syriaca, H. fatua , A.
metis , L. camilla , N. sappho, N. rivularis , A. levana and P. egea ), while the
number of taxa that have been recorded from Vamoüs/Vitsi, but not from
Rodópi, amount to 14 (C. orientalis , Spialia phlomidis (Herrich-Schaffer,
[1845]), Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, [1803]), Colias caucasica Staudinger,
1871, Gonepteryx farinosa (Zeiler, 1847), Erebia epiphron (Knoch, 1783),
Melanargia russiae (Esper, [1783]), Hipparchia volgensis (Mazochin-
Porshnjakov, 1952), Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766), Pseudochazara
anthelea (Hübner, [1824]), A. ilia , Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1783]) and
Boloria graeca (Staudinger, 1870).

These data reveal the lepidopterological richness of the Rodópi area as well
as its uniqueness for Greece, clearly suggesting that this area deserves protection
and preservation at all cost.

Acknowledgements

We wish to express our thanks and gratitude to the Greek Ministry of
Agriculture, as well as to the Forestry Department of the District of Drama, for
granting us permission to enter on several occasions the Fraktó area, as well as
the Parthéno Dasos area, for the purpose of conducting our zoogeographical

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001 ): 157

research on the skippers and butterflies of the Greek part of the Rodópi massif.
Their kind cooperation made this project possible. We are also indebted to S.
Ichtiaroglou and A. Mastorakis for having made available to us all their
collecting data that were relevant to this area and to A. Olivier in particular for
his invaluable and much-needed advice.

References

Coutsis, J. G., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W., 2001. The chromosome number and karyotype of the two
morphs of Polyommatus ( Lysandra ) coridon from Greece (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). — Phegea
29(2): 63-71. '

Coutsis, J. G. & Ghavalas, N., 1988. Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763), new to Greece (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae). — Phegea 16(2): 59-60, 1 fig.

Coutsis, J. G. & Ghavalas, N., 1989. Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) new to Greece
(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). — Phegea 17(3): 103, 1 fig.

Coutsis, J. G. & Ghavalas, N., 1991. Agriades pyrenaicus (Boisduval, 1840) from N. Greece and
notes on Apatura metis (Freyer, [1829]) from N.E. Greece (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae,
Nymphalidae). — Phegea 19(4): 133-135, 3 figs.

Coutsis, J. G., Puplesiene, J. & De Prins, W., 1999. The chromosome number and karyotype of
Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) ripartii and Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus ) aroaniensis from Greece
(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). — Phegea 27(3): 81-84, 2 figs.

Dacie, J. V., Dacie, M. K. V. & Grammaticos, P., 1972. Butterflies in Northern and Central Greece,
July 1971. — Entomologist's.Rec.J.Var. 84: 257-266.

Dacie, J., Dacie, M. & Grammaticos, P., 1977. Butterflies in Northern Greece: June-July 1976. —
Entomologist’s. Ree. J. Var. 89: 265-268.

Dacie, J.V., Dacie, M.K.V., Grammaticos, P., Higgins, L.G. & Riley, N., 1979. Butterflies in
Northern Greece: June-July 1978. — Entomologist’s. Rec.J.Var. 91: 311-314.

Dacie, J. V.., Dacie, M. K. V., Grammaticos, P. & Coutsis, J., 1982. Butterflies in Northern Greece:
July-August 1980. — Entomologist’s. Rec.J.Var. 94: 18-20.
de Jong, R., 1972. Systematics and geographic history of the genus Pyrgus in the Palaearctic region
(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). — Tijdschr.Ent. 115(1): 1-121, 6 pis, text figs.

Koutroubas, A., 1991. Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) espèce nouvelle pour la Grèce
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). — Phegea 19(3): 99-100, 1 fig.

Koutroubas, A., 1992. Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1763) espèce nouvelle pour la Grèce
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). — Phegea 20(1): 9-10, 1 fig.

Koutsaftikis, A., 1973. Nachtrage, Erganzungen und ökologisch-zoogeographische Berichtigungen
der Nymphalidae-Fauna Griechenlands (Lepidoptera). — Beitr. naturk. Forsch. SiidwDH. 32:
169-177.

Polunin, O., 1980. Flowers of Greece and the Balkans. — Oxford University Press, Oxford, 592 pp.,
64 col. pis.

Tolman, T. & Lewington, R., 1997. Collins Field Guide. Butterflies of Britain and Europe. —
Harper Collins Publishers, London, Glasgow, New York, Sidney, Auckland, Toronto,
Johannesburg, 320 pp., 104 col. pis, 3 text figs, 104 maps ("pis"),
van der Poorten, D., 1981. Pyrgus carthami Hübner, een nieuwe soort voor de Griekse Fauna.
(Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). — Phegea 9(3): 70.

van der Poorten, D., 1984. Interessante faunistische gegevens over sommige Griekse dagvlinders in
juli 1982, april en juli 1983. (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). — Phegea 12(2): 25-28.

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 158

Phyllonorycter robiniella, een nieuwe soort voor de
Belgische fauna (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Willy De Prins & Frans Groenen

Abstract. Phyllonorycter robiniella, a new species for the Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae)

In the Autumn of 2001, some leaf mines of Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859) were
found on Robinia pseudoacacia in the area of Lommel (Belgium, Limburg). This species is
mentioned here for the first time from Belgium.

Résumé. Phyllonorycter robiniella, une espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae)

Pendant Pautomne de 2001, quelques mines de Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859) furent
trouvées sur Robinia pseudoacacia dans la région de Lommel (Belgique, Limbourg). Cette
espèce est mentionnée ici pour la première fois de Belgique.

Key words: Phyllonorycter robiniella - Robinia pseudoacacia - faunistics - Belgium - first
record

De Prins, W.: Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (willy.deprins@village.unet.be).

Groenen, F.: Dorpstraat 171, NL-5575 AG Luyksgestel (groene.eyken@chello.nl).

Inleiding

In het najaar van 2001 werden enkele bladmijnen van Phyllonorycter
robiniella (Clemens, 1859) gevonden op Robinia pseudoacacia in het
noordwesten van de Belgische provincie Limburg, in de omgeving van Lommel.
Deze soort wordt hier voor het eerst uit België vermeld.

Fig. 1: Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859), Nederland, Limburg, Posterholt, e.1. Robinia
pseudoacacia 29. IX. 2000, leg. Stiphout (foto: Jurate De Prins).

Verspreiding

De oorsprong van P. robiniella is te zoeken in Noord- Amerika, vanwaar de
soort ook beschreven is. Zij werd geïntroduceerd in Italië en heeft zich van

Phegea 29 (4) (l.XII.2001): 159

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 9088

1269 3180

daaruit over Centraal-Europa verspreid. Momenteel is ze bekend uit Duitsland,
Frankrijk, Italië, Oostenrijk, Slowakije, de Tsjechische Republiek en Zwitserland
(Buszko 1996: 53). Tijdens de vergadering van de sectie “Snellen” op 1 1 maart
2000 werd een bladmijn op Robinia pseudoacacia gemeld uit Kerkrade
(Nederlands Limburg) en tijdens de vergadering van dezelfde sectie op 28
oktober 2000 werd duidelijk dat de soort zich gevestigd had in Nederland; er
werden in de loop van 1999 reeds een tiental mijnen gevonden en tijdens 2000
werden talrijke mijnen op verschillende vindplaatsen aangetroffen in Midden- en
Zuid-Limburg. Vanuit deze populaties heeft de soort zich waarschijnlijk tot in
België verspreid, al leverde een onderzoek van talrijke Robinia bomen in de
Voerstreek (net ten zuiden van de Nederlandse vindplaatsen) geen enkel resultaat
op.

Biologie

P. robiniella komt uitsluitend voor op Robinia spp. Deze boom is niet
inheems in Midden-Europa, maar werd vanuit Noord- Amerika aangeplant op tal
van plaatsen en is nu een gewone verschijning in parken, langs wegranden en in
tuinen. De rups maakt een witachtige mijn aan de onderzijde van de blaadjes. De
bovenzijde van het blad is meestal bruin verkleurd. Het bijzondere van deze
Phyllonorycter-soort is dat in één mijn verschillende rupsen kunnen voorkomen.
Uit de mijnen gevonden in Nederland, kweekte men tot vier exemplaren uit één
enkele bladmijn.

Bibliografie

Buszko, J., 1996. Gracillariidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J. (editors): The Lepidoptera of
Europe. A Distributional Checklist. 78-54. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Inhoud:

Coutsis, J. G. & Ghavalas, N.: The Skippers and Butterflies of the Greek part of

the Rodópi massif (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) 143

De Prins, W. & Groenen, F.: Phyllonorycter robiniella , een nieuwe soort voor de

Belgische fauna (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) 159

Gozmany, L.: Symmoca deprinsi sp. nov. and Amselina olympi from Asia Minor

(Lepidoptera: Symmocidae) 121

Gumovsky, A. V.: The status of some genera allied to Chrysonotomyia and
Closterocerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), with description of

a new species from Dominican Amber 125

Boekbespreking 142

verantw. uitg.: W. De Prins, Diksmuidelaan 176, B-2600 Antwerpen (Belgium) - Tel: +32-3-322.02.35

Phegea 29 (4) (1. XII. 2001): 160

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