driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de

VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277

Periode: april - mei - juni 2010 Erkenningsnr. P209674

Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Tervuren), Dr. K. Martens
(Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), W. O. De Prins (Eeefdaal).

Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Dorpstraat 40 1B, B-3061 Feefdaal (Belgium).
e-mail: willy.deprins@gmail.com

Jaargang 38, nummer 2 1 juni 2010

The genus Clavigesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with
description of two new species

Knud Larsen

Abstract. This paper deals with the genus Clavigesta Obraztsov, 1946. The material of the
author’s collection and some additional material has been examined. Together with the two
already known species in this genus, two new species are described and fïgured: Clavigesta gerti
n. sp. and Clavigesta tokei n. sp. The distribution of all four species is described in detail and it
is detected that all four species occur in the Mediterranean region and that the genus may have
originally evolved in the pine forests of this region. C. purdeyi from the central Mediterranean
area is looking slightly different from the populations in North-West Europe indicating a long
time separation of the populations.

Samenvatting. Het genus Clavigesta (Lepidoptera: Trotricidae) met beschrijving van twee
nieuwe soorten

De exemplaren uit het genus Clavigesta Obraztsov, 1946 in de verzameling van de auteur
werden, samen met bijkomend materiaal, bestudeerd. Naast de twee bekende soorten uit dit
genus, worden twee nieuwe soorten beschreven en afgebeeld: Clavigesta gerti n. sp. en
Clavigesta tokei n. sp. De verspreiding van de vier Clavigesta- soorten wordt in detail besproken
en daaruit blijkt dat ze alle vier in het Middellandse Zeegebied voorkomen en dat het genus
misschien geëvolueerd is in de pijnbossen van deze streek. Het uiterlijk van C. purdeyi van het
centrale deel van het Middellandse Zeegebied wijkt af van dat de populaties uit Noordwest-
Europa wat duidt op een langdurige scheiding van deze populaties.

Résumé. Le genre Clavigesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) avec description de deux espèces
nouvelles

Les exemplaires du genre Clavigesta Obraztsov, 1946 dans les collections de 1'auteur, ainsi que
du matériel additionnel, ont été étudiés. En plus des deux espèces connues dans ce genre, deux
espèces nouvelles sont décrites et figurées: Clavigesta gerti n. sp. et Clavigesta tokei n. sp. La
répartition de ces quatre espèces est étudiée en détail et leur présence dans la région
méditerranéenne est confïrmée. Peut-être que 1'origine de ce genre se situe dans les forêts de
sapins dans cette région. La morphologie externe de C. purdeyi dans la partie centrale de cette
région est un peu différente de celle des populations du Nord-Ouest de 1'Europe.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 41

Key words. Clavigesta sylvestrana - purdeyi - gerti - tokei - Description - Fau nistics -

Distribution.

Larsen, K.: Rontoftevej 33, DK-2870 Dyssegaard, Denmark, knudlarsen@dbmail.dk.

Introduction

The genus Clavigesta was described by Obraztsov in 1946 with Spilonota
sylvestrana Curtis, 1850 as genotype. The wing venation is very close to
Rhyacionia Hübner, 1825 and the differentiation of the genus is mainly based on
the form of the valve with the characteristic long and slender neck and the ball-
shaped cucullus (Obraztsov 1946). The genus was redescribed by Razowski
(1989) mentioning more dissimilarity in the wing venation and genitalia, but
more authors conclude that the only characteristic of the genus is the shape of
the valve (Obraztsov 1964, Razowski 1989). The wing venation is figured in
Obraztsov (1964).

Beside C. sylvestrana only one other species of the genus is known: C.
purdeyi (Durrant, 1911). Both species were described from type localities in
England. In contradiction to this, the distribution of the genus is called Holarctic
by Razowski (1989, 2003). The distribution of the genus in the South-Westem
and Mediterranean part of the Palaearctis will be discussed.

A large number of specimens of Clavigesta have been examined and as a
consequence two new species are discovered and described and information on
the distribution of the four species is given.

Terminology for genitalia follows Pierce & Metcalfe (1960) and Razowski
(2003).

Abbreviations:

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, England.

DEMV Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne.

KL Collection of Knud Larsen, Denmark.

LMKK Landesmuseum Kamten, Klagenfurt, Austria.

MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria.

ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark,
Copenhagen.

Clavigesta sylvestrana (Curtis, 1850) (Figs. 1,2, 10, 14)

Spilonota sylvestrana Curtis, 1850. Annals and Magazine of natural History (2)5:1 1 1. Type locality:

England: Boumemouth. Syntypes: DEMV (Brown 2005).

Retinia pollinis Millière, 1874. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée 3(2): 251. Type

locality: France: Cannes. Syntypes: MNHN (Brown 2005).

Material examined. France (mainland). ld 2$ Bayonne: Hossegor, Plage de Casemes, 8-9.vii.1992
(M. Fibiger leg., KL coll.); ld' 1? Gard: Aigues-Mortes, 3.vii. 1 988; 3d 1? Girondes: Carcans-
Plage, 28.vii.1991; ld Var: Col de Vignon, 500 m, 30.V.1989; 4d Var: Gorge du Verdon, 800 m,
21.vii.1991; 2d Var: Col d'Illoire, 1000 m, 30.vi.1994; 13d 2? Var: Aups, 4. & 6.vii.l996, gen.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 42

slide 1183$ KL; 1(5 Var: Chateaudouble, 600 m, 14.vii. 1 999; 3$ 3$ Var: La Garde-Freinet, 400 m,
19.vii.1999 (KL leg. et coll.).

Corsica. 3 S 2$ Aisne: Haute-Corse, 4 km S. Ghisoni, 700 m, 18.vii.2004; 2(5 2$ Aisne: Haute-
Corse, 5 km SW Asco 14. & 17.vii.2004, gen. slide 1192(5' KL; 2(5 Aisne: Haute-Corse, Haut-Asco,
1450 m, 17.vii.2004; 7(5 2$ Aisne: Haute-Corse, Bastia, Plage de Marana, 7.-8.vii.2004, gen. slides
1 1 73(5 & 1 1 9 1 $ KL (KL leg. et coll.).

Spain. 2$ Andalusia: Almeria, Tabemas, 380 m, 6.-8.vii.2007; 1(5 1$ Andalusia: Granada,
Almunecar, 1.-1 l.vii.2007; 3(5 4$ Andalusia: Granada, Siërra de las Guajares, 1160 m, 3-
12.vii.2007, gen. slide 1 172(5 KL; 1(5 Andalusia: Granada, Siërra de Chaparrel, 900 m, 5.-6.vii.2007
(G. Jeppesen leg., KL coll.); 1(5 Andalusia: Granada, Sr. de Huelor, Ventas del Molinillo, 20. vi. 2001
(W. Schmitz, leg., KL coll.); [Aragon], Teruel: Val de Vecar at Albarracin, 1200 m, 40°25'30"N,
01°27'05"W, 4.viii.2007 (B. Skule & P. Skou leg., KL coll.).

Italy. 6(5 2$ Campani, Vesuvio, 23.-27.vii.1933, gen. slides 1178(5 KL & 1184$ KL (G. Langohr
leg., KL coll.).

Greece. 1(5 Loutra, Kilini, Patras, 0 m, 28.vi.2007, gen. slide 1 188(5 KL (Viehmann leg., KL coll.).

Description. Imago. Wing span 12-16 mm. Antennae light grey, ringed
with black; segments conical. Labial palps dark grey at outer side and plain light
grey at inner side. Head, thorax and tegulae grey with white tippet scales.
Abdomen more plain dark grey and the last segment in the male with long
whitish scales like a collar around the genitalia. Ground colour of forewing light
grey, strongly striped with irregular darker grey transverse striae; terminal part
of wing often ferruginous dark brown; basal blotch dark grey, sharply edged;
tomal blotch diffuse, tiny and rather light with the outer edge more defined; cilia
grey with a blackish sub-basal line. The females are normally bigger than the
males. There is only slight variation mainly in the level of the ferruginous
colorings. Hind wings grey with cilia of same colour and with a dark sub-basal
line.

Male genitalia. Angle of sacculus pointed, neck of valve very slender and
of same size or longer than cucullus. Cucullus oval, more rounded at costa, and
with many rather strong thoms, strongest at the edge. Aedeagus with about 5
long and slender comuti. These are sometimes lost.

Female genitalia. Seventh segment strongly sclerotized and deeply
indented around ostium, formed like a collar. Cingulum very large and broader
towards bursa. Two long, slender, tapered signa of different size.

Biology. The head, ocelli and prothoracic plate of the larva is dark blackish
brown. The body is ochreous, tinged with purplish brown and with darker legs.
Several species of Pinus are mentioned as food plant. Feeding from August to
May in shoots, buds and male flowers, living in a silken gallery. It pupates in
May-June in a tough silken cocoon at the base of the flower near the larval
habitation. (Bradley et al. 1979, Emmet 1988).

Also Picea is mentioned as food plant but no authors describe the mode of
living of the species in Picea. Kennel (1921) gives Pinus picea as food plant and
after that, this is repeatedly cited in the literature. This needs exact confirmation.

The imago flies in June and July in late aftemoon and comes later freely to
light. The 84 specimens in the author’s collection are taken from the 30th of

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 43

May to the 4th of August with far the most specimens from the end of June till
the end of July. The species occurs from sea level to an attitude of 1450 m.

Distribution. Atlantic-Mediterranean. The species is known from the
following countries: England: Southern third including the Isles of Scilly
(Bradley et al. 1979); Ireland (Bond 1996); Netherlands: several localities but
rare (Kuchlein 1993); Germany: Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Saarland;
all records are from before 1980 (Gaedike & Heinicke 1999); Channel Islands,
Belgium, France, Corsica, Andorra, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Madeira (Aarvik
2007); Azores: Terceia, Pau Velho, 22.vi. 1 98 1 (Passos de Carvalho 1992);
Greece: Loutra Kilini, Patras, 0 m, 28.vi.2007 (Viehmann leg., coll. K. Larsen).
Karanikola & Markalas (2001) record the species from the Thessaloniki area in
Greece but due to possible confusion with the next species confirmation of the
identification is needed.

Furthermore, the Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Portugal and Sicily are
mentioned (Aarvik 2007). Due to possible confusion with the next species and
the lack of available material the records from these areas need confirmation.

Bradley et al. (1979) mentions the species from the USSR and North
America. None of these records can be confirmed and thus should not be cited.
According to Sinev (2008), the genus Clavigesta is not found in Russia. The
species was recorded by Soffner (1960) from the Czech part of the Krkonose
Mountains in Bohemia, but due to no reliable records the species was removed
from the Czech list by Jaros (Jaros 2004, pers. comm.).

Remarks. In Kennel (1921: pl. XV, fig. 47) the synonym pollinis Millière,
1874 is pictured. The description by Millière (1874) and the picture in Kennel
confirm the synonymy.

Clavigesta purdeyi (Durrant, 1911) (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 11, 15)

Rhyacionia purdeyi Durrant, 1911. Entomologist’s Monthy Magazine 47: 252. Type Locality:
England: Kent, Folkestone. Syntypes BMNH (Brown, 2005).

Material examined. Denmark. 1$ WJ: Hvide Sande, 26.viii.-l.ix.2005 (K. Larsen, B. Martinsen &
D. Stilhoff leg., KL coll.); 5(7 2$ Blavand, 16.vii.-12.viii.2005 (KL leg. et coll.); 1(7 F: Stige,
18.vii.1999 (O. Buhl leg., KL coll.); 1$ LFM: Rabylille Strand, 5.-27.viii.2000 (D. Stilhoff leg., KL
coll.); 1(7 Hesnaes, 2.viii.2003; 4(7 3? Gedser, 21.-23.vii.2003; 1(7 Bote, 31.vii.-7.viii.2006; 28(7
9$ Gedesby, 18.vii.-19.viii. 1999-2006; 1(7 3$ NWZ: Rosnses, Ulslev, 6.viii.2009; 7(7 3$ NEZ:
Soborg, 12vii.-23.viii.2002-2008, gen. slide 1 182? & 1 185$ KL (KL leg. et coll).

Netherlands. 1? NBr. Leende, Leenderbos, 6.viii.2002 (F. Groenen leg. et coll.).

France (mainland). 1(7 Alpes de Haute Provence, Naverre, 1000 m, 29.vii.2001 (KL leg. et coll.); 1(7
Hautes Alpes, 2 km SE Vallouise, 1 150 m, 29.vii.2006; 2(7 Hautes Alpes, 2 km S Prelles, 30.vii.2006
(P. Skou leg., KL coll.).

Corsica. 1(7 1? Aisne: Haute-Corse, 4 km S Ghisoni, 700 m, 18.vii.2004 (gen. slide 1186? KL); 2(7
1? Col de Sorba, 19.vii.2004, gen. slide 1189? KL; 1(7 5 km SW Asco, 750 m, 17.vii.2004, gen.
slide 1195(7 KL; 1(7 Haut-Asco, 1450 m, 17.vii.2004, gen. slide 1193(7 KL (KL leg. et coll.); 13
sepcimens Col der Vergio, 1400-1500 m, 14.-15.viii.1998; 5 specimens Evisa, 900 m, gen. slide
5 1 56 KL (O. Karsholt leg., ZMUC).

Spain. 1(7 Cuenca, Tragacete, 1500 m, 18.vf < 98 1 , gen. slide 1181(7 KL (W.O. De Prins leg., KL
coll.); 1(7 Barcelona, 3 km NW Gurb, 550 i5.viii.2001 (P. Skou leg., KL coll.); 3(7 Barcelona,

2 km W Sant Marti de Tous, 550 m, 16.viii.2001 (B. Skule & P. Skou leg., KL coll.); 1(7 Castellon,

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 44

Cinctorres 15.viii.2002, gen. slide 1 175$ KL (B. Niemeyer leg., KL coll.); 1$ [Catalonia] Pyrenaen.
Espot, Jou, 1500 m, 15.viii.2003 (Viehmann leg., KL coll.). [Andalusia]. Granada: Siërra Nevada,
Las Viboras, 1700 m, 37°07'23"N,3°27'1 l"W, 31.viii.-l.ix.2001, gen. slide 1198a7' KL (B. Skule &
C. Hvid leg., KL coll.).

Andorra. 1$ Amisal, 1500 m, l.viii.1997 (J.P. Baungaard leg., ZMUC).

Italy. 1$ 1$ Calabrien, Longobucco, 3.viii. 1 982, gen. slides 1057$ & 1063$ F. Groenen (J.H.
Kuchlein leg.).

Description. Imago. Wing span 11-14 mm. Antennae grey, strongly
ringed with black. Segments strongly conical. Palps rather small, brownish grey
with a lighter inner side. Head dark grey, lighter in center and thorax, tegulae
dark brownish grey. Abdomen grey with a little longer scales on last segment.

Fore wing elongate with a slightly curved costa. Ground colour grey with
blackish transverse lines at the inner two thirds. Basal blotch edged darker grey.
Median fascia darker towards termen, sharp ly dark edged. Termen rather plain
orange with a smaller or bigger area of black scales placed at the tomal spot.
Edge of termen white with a black sub-basal line. Cilia dark grey or blackish.

The species is normally very easy to recognize but in South Europe the
picture is much more mixed. The ground colour can be ferruginous also at the
inner two thirds or just plain grey-brown. This makes the division to the terminal
part less distinct. The tomal spot has many black white tippet scales and often
there is a black spot in center of termen. This form resembles the dark form
found in Denmark and pictured as a dark form of C. purdeyi , later unfortunately
wrongly recorded as C. sylvestrana (Buhl et al. 1998, 2002).

Hind wings plain dark brownish grey with cilia of the same colour and with a
dark sub-basal line.

Male genitalia. Angle of sacculus pointed, neck of valve very slender and
of same size or shorter than cucullus. Cucullus big and rounded, especially at
costa, width and length nearly of the same size. There are many rather strong
thoms at the edge while those at the center of cucullus are more hair-like.
Aedeagus with about 5 slender comuti which are broad at the base and curved,
but not always present.

Female genitalia. Seventh segment sclerotized and deeply indented
around ostium. It is U-shaped and stronger sclerotized at the top. Cingulum
rather large and divided towards bursa, sometimes tipped towards ostium. Two
long, slender signa of different size and tapered.

Biology. Eggs are deposited singly on the needles, usually near the tip. The
larva is reddish brown occurring from September to June-July. Several species
of Pinus are mentioned as food plant. The larva mines in the needle until
October. After hibemation it moves to the new shoots boring through the sheaths
into the needle bases. The needles can fall of and the trees can be slightly
defoliated. The larva pupates in a loosely spun cocoon attached to the needles
(Bradley et al. 1979).

The imago flies from July till September in late aftemoon and comes later
freely to light. The 90 specimens in the author’s collection are taken from the

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 45

12th of July to the lst of September with far the most specimens from the end of
July to mid August. The species occurs from sea level to an altitude of 1700 m.

Distribution. Atlantic-Mediterranean. The species is known from the
following countries: England: Southern half including Wales and the Isles of
Scilly (Bradley et al. 1979); Ireland (Bryant 2007); Netherlands: widespread
(Kuchlein 1993); Denmark: widespread; Germany: most western provinces
(Rennwald & Rodeland 2004); Channel Islands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France,
Spain, Switzerland (Aarvik 2007); Italy (Huemer et al. 2005), and the author has
recorded the species from the Spanish mainland: Andalusia, Cuenca and
Castellon and also from Andorra, Corsica and Italy: Cantabria.

Razowski (2003) records C. purdeyi from Finland, but the species is not
found there.

Re mark s. The species was prior to 1927 only known from a few localities
in Southern England. In the last half of the century it has spread to the north in
England (Bradley et al. 1979), and at the same time expanded at the west coast
of Europe and can now be found from Spain to Norway. In the last 1 0 to 15
years it has also expanded to inland localities in Germany, France, North Italy
and Switzerland. The fmdings from Corsica, Southern Italy and Southern Spain
could indicate that the species is expanding further or that it has older “relict”
populations in some mountainous regions of the Mediterranean area. The
populations from Corsica and Southern Italy are also slightly different in both
imagines and genitalia but not enough to give basis for creating new species or
subspecies. Due to the variability of C. purdeyi, it is recommended to study the
genitalia in order to give exact distributional information.

Clavigesta gerti Knud Larsen, new species (Figs. 6, 7, 12, 16)

Type material. Holotype (7, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mallorca: Ca'n Picafort, 23.-25.ix.2009, gen.
slide 1 1 76(7 KL (KL leg., ZMUC).

Paratypes: 2(7 1$ same data as holotype, gen. slide 1190$ KL (KL leg. et coll.); 1$ Spain, Balearic
Islands, Ibiza: Cala Carbó, la. Pinus halepensis, 17.V.1993, gen. slide 1187$ KL (KL coll.); 12(7
Spain, Andalucia: Malaga; Almunecar 150 m, 22.-27.X.2000, gen. slide 1 174(7 KL; 2(7 Almunecar,
135 m, L-ll.vii.2007, 1(7 Almunecar 10.-27. iv.2008, gen slide 1194(7 KL (G. Jeppesen leg., KL
coll.); 1$ Spain, [Andalucia], Almeria: Cabo De Gata, 21.X.2003, gen. slide 1179$ KL (Viehmann,
leg., KL coll.); 1(7 Spain, Murcia, Siërra de Espuna, 4 kmN Aledo, 37°49' N 1°34'45"W, 14.ix.1999,
gen. slide 1048(7 F. Groenen (C. Gielis & J. Asselbergs leg., F. Groenen coll.); 3(7 Spanien, Alicante,
Umg. Denia, 18. & 24.viii.2002, gen. slide 1197(7 KL (W. Schmitz leg., KL coll.); 1(7 Alicante,
Parcent, 500 m, ó.x.2008 (H. Rietz leg., H. Roweck coll.); 1(7 1$ Spain, Huesca, 8 km S of
Candasnos, Barranco de Valcuema, 175 m, 13.-14. ix.2002, gen. slides 4488(7, 4489$ H. Hendriksen
(P. Skou leg., ZMUC); 1(7 Spain, [Huesca], Teruel: Moscardon, 1500 m, 14.ix.2007 (Viehmann leg.,
KL coll.); \S 1$ Castellon: Penyagolosa N-Hang, Banyadera, 1500 m, 40°12,74'N 00°20,89'W,
31.viii.-l.ix.2005; 1(7 Alicante: Alcoj, Font Roja, NW El Menejador, 960 m, 38°39,88'N
00°31,66'W, 3.ix.2005; 1(7 Valencia: El Saler, Albufera, 5 m, 39°19,67'N 00°18,47'W, 8.ix.2005
(Huemer leg., TLMF), det. P. Huemer; 1(7 Castellon: Penyagolosa E, l.ix.-2.ix.2005, 1450 m GEO-
WGS84, -0,3435W 40,2490N; 10(7 1$ Alicante: Alcoj, Benimarfull, 17.ix.2004, 600 m, UTM-
WGS84, -0,34006W 38J8223N; 1(7 Valencia: Albufera, 8.-9.ix.2005, 5 m, 0°18,46'W 39°19,67' N
(C. Wieser leg., LMKK), det. P. Huemer.

France. Corsica. 1(7 Aisne: Haute-Corse, Haut-Asco, 1450 m, 17.vii.2004, gen. slide 1177(7 KL
(KL leg. et coll.); 1(7 Bonifacio, 23.ix.2003, gen. slide 5164 KL (P. Skou leg., ZMUC).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 46

Diagnosis. The species differs from the other Clavigesta species by the
irregular grey ferruginous scattered ground colour, termen more whitish edged
with two spots interrupting the black sub-basal line. It also differs by having
more tipped hind wings. The neck of the valvae is less slender than in C.
sylvestrana and C. purdeyi. From those species C. gerti also differs in the
cucullus which is long, oval and without the abrupt connection to the neck. From
C. tokei it differs with a longer neck and more narrow cucullus. The female
genitalia differ by having one very large comutus and one very tiny. From C.
tokei it also differs in the ostium which is small and rounded. The seventh
segment is weaker sclerotized and pointed.

Description. Imago. Wingspan 11-13 mm. Antennae grey, strongly ringed
with black. Segments strongly conical. Palps rather small, brownish grey with
white tipped scales. Head, thorax and tegulae plain grey. Abdomen more plain
light grey and the last segment in the male with long whitish scales like a collar
around the genitalia. Ground colour ferruginous mixed with smaller black areas,
and as the scales are white tipped the impression is given of a very irregularly
colored species. Basal blotch darker grey edged. Median fascia darker towards
termen dark edged followed by a whitish area in termen. Termen with a black
area in the center, otherwise colored more ferruginous. Edge of termen white
with a black sub-basal line interrupted twice with white. Two white costal
strigulae. Cilia dark grey or blackish. Hind wings plain brownish grey with
whitish cilia and with a dark sub-basal line. The hind wings are bend inwardly at
dorsum, then the wings become more tipped.

Male genitalia. Angle of sacculus strongly pointed; neck of valve
broadening towards cucullus and of same size as cucullus. Cucullus oval, long
stretched, twice as long as broad. There are many rather long and strong thoms
at the edge while those at the center of cucullus are more hair-like. Aedeagus
with about 3 slender, long and slightly curved comuti, but not always present.

Female genitalia. Seventh segment sclerotized and deeply indented
around ostium. It is circular shaped and stronger sclerotized at the top pointed
against ostium. Cingulum smaller than in the other species and tipped towards
ostium. Two signa, one very large, slender and tipped nearly Crossing the width
of bursa and the other very tiny, only visible in higher magnification.

Biology . The species has been reared from Pinus halepensis , found on 17th
of May 1 993 on Ibiza. The imago is mainly taken at light and can be common,
occurring from sea level to an altitude of 1450 m. The flight period seems to be
spread over the summertime at least in three broods, April, July-August and
September-October and it is probably most common in the autumn.

Distribution. Mediterranean. The species seems to be mainly Coastal,
occurring in the north-westem half of the Mediterranean area: France, Corsica:
Aisne; Spain: Balearic Islands and Southern Coastal parts of the mainland:
provinces Andalusia, Murcia, Alicante and Huesca.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 47

Remark s. Etymology. The species is named after my good colleague Gert
Jeppesen, who has provided me with a large part of the type series and a large
amount of Tortricidae from Spain.

Clavigesta tokei Knud Larsen, new species (Figs. 8, 9, 13, 17)

Type material. Holotype (7, Turkey, Antalya: Alanya, 12 km N, 600 m, ó.x.1995, gen. slide 1 171(7
KL (KL leg, ZMUC).

Paratypes. 31 S 3$ same data as holotype, gen. slides 1196(7 KL, 3701(7 KL & 1180$ KL (KL leg.
et coll.); 2(7 Greece, Rodos, Profitis Illias, 500 m, 6.X.1999, gen. slide 1171(7 KL (C. Szabóky leg.,
KL coll.); 1(7 Greece, Thassos, Pefkari, 0 m, 14.-17.vii.1990, gen. slide 1199(7 KL (M. Fibiger leg.,
KL coll.); 1(7 Greece, Serrés, 2 km W Angistro, 250 m, 30.viii.2008, gen. slide 1200(7 KL (P. Skou
leg., KL coll.).

Diagnosis. The species differs from the other Clavigesta species by the
irregular orange ground colour intermpted by several grey transverse bands. The
basal part and the First two thirds of costa are darker orange, while the last two
thirds of dorsum and termen are light orange. Inner third of cilia white and outer
two thirds consist of three rows of black scales. It also differs by having more
tipped hind wings. The valvae is much shorter than in the other three species and
the neck of the valvae is less slender than in C. sylvestrana and C. purdeyi. From
those species C. tokei also differs in the cucullus which is equally oval and
without the abrupt connection to the neck. From C. gerti it differs with a shorter
neck and a more equally rounded cucullus. The female genitalia differ by having
one very large comutus and one tiny one which is twice as big as in C. gerti.
From C. gerti it also differs in the ostium which is bigger and in the cingulum
which is irregularly pointed towards ostium. The seventh segment is stronger
sclerotized and less pointed than in C. gerti.

Description. Imago. Wingspan 12-14 mm. Antennae light orange,
strongly ringed with black. Segments strongly conical. Palps rather small,
orange. Head orange. Thorax and tegulae dark orange mixed with grey. Scales
are brighter tipped. Abdomen more plain light orange grey and the last segment
in the male with long whitish scales like a collar around the genitalia. Ground
colour orange interrupted by several grey transverse bands. The basal part and
the First two thirds of costa darker orange while the last two thirds of dorsum and
termen is light orange, whitish towards median fascia. The median fascia is
terminal edged with more waves. Inner third of cilia white and outer two thirds
consist of three rows of black scales. Hind wings inwardly bended at dorsum,
then the wings become more tipped. There is a dark sub-basal line.

The variation is slight but the two specimens from northem Greece are
darker and less orange.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 48

Figs. 1-9. Imagines of Clavigesta species. 1- Clavigesta sylvestrana (Curtis, 1850) S, France: Var;
2.- Idem 9, France: Var; 3. Clavigesta purdeyi (Durrant, 1911) S, Denmark: Funen; 4. Idem 9?
Denmark: Falster; 5 - Idem S, France: Corsica; 6 - Clavigesta gerti n. sp. S Holotype, Spain:
Mallorca; 7.- Idem 9, Spain: Ibiza; 8- Clavigesta tokei n. sp. S Holotype, Turkey: Antalya; 9-
Idem 9, Turkey: Antalya. (Photo K. Larsen).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 49

Figs. 10-13. Male genitalia of Clavigesta species. 10 - Clavigesta sylvestrana (Curtis, 1850), gen
slide 1172 KL; 11- Clavigesta purdeyi (Durrant, 1911), gen. slide 1175 KL; 12 - Clavigesta gerti n
sp., gen. slide 1 174 KL; 13 - Clavigesta tokei n. sp., gen. slide 1170 KL. (Photo T. Garrevoet).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 50

Figs. 14-17. Female genitalia of Clavigesta species. 14 - Clavigesta sylvestrana (Curtis, 1850), gen.
slide 1184 KL; 15 - Clavigesta purdeyi (Durrant, 1911), gen. slide 1186 KL; 16 - Clavigesta gerti n.
sp., gen. slide 1187 KL; 17 - Clavigesta tokei n. sp., gen. slide 1180 KL. (Photo J. De Prins).

Phegea 38 (2) (0 1 . VI.20 1 0): 5 1

Male genitalia. Valva short and angle of sacculus strongly pointed, neck
of valva broadening towards cucullus and of same size as cucullus. Cucullus
slightly oval, a little longer than broad, edged with a row of stronger thoms; the
other part is more hairy. Aedeagus small and pointed, with three long, spatula-
shaped comuti, but the cornuti can often be absent.

Female genitalia. Seventh segment sclerotized and deeply indented
around ostium, which is half-moon-shaped. The segment is nearly circular
shaped and stronger sclerotized at the top. Cingulum rather big and irregularly
tipped towards ostium. Two signa, one very large, slender and tipped, nearly
Crossing the width of bursa, and the other very tiny but visible in lower
magnifications.

Biology. The food plant is not known, but the species is found at Coastal
habitats with Pinus forest. The imago is taken at light and can be very common
occurring from sea level to an altitude of 600 m. The flight period is June, July
and October.

Distribution. Mediterranean. The species seems to be mainly Coastal in the
north-eastem half of the Mediterranean area: Greece: Macedonia, Thasos,
Rhodes; Turkey: province Antalya.

Remarks. Etymology. The species is named after my son Toke Zandersen,
who has kindly followed me during many long distance collecting travels.

This Clavigesta species resembles superficially a small Rhyacionia species
and could be misunderstood as such.

Discussion

This study of the genus Clavigesta has revealed that it consists of at least
four species and that all four species occur in the Mediterranean area. Thus the
type localities from England of the two formerly described species do not mean
that they originally have evolved there. This very special genus obviously has
evolved at sea shore forests in the Mediterranean basin as there are no fmdings
of members of this genus in other parts of the world. The occurrence of C.
purdeyi in Corsica, central and Southern Spain and Southern Italy, compared with
the completely separate population in Southern England and the difference in the
extemal morphology of the imagines mean that the populations must have been
separated since a very long time. The occurrence of C. sylvestrana on Madeira
and Azores could be due to introduction.

The south-westem part of England has had a very mild climate during the
last ice ages and thus the populations of C. purdeyi could have survived that
period in South England as well as in the Mediterranean basin.

The conformity between C. gerti and C. tokei, both in genitalia and extemal
morphology, makes them twin species. C. sylvestrana and C. purdeyi are rather
alike in the male genitalia but not in the female genitalia and in the extemal
morphology and thus they do not seem to be twin species. C. purdeyi from
Corsica can be nearly impossible to separate from C. gerti from the same locality
and in fact three of the four Clavigesta species occur at the same mountain on
Corsica, which is a very species-rich locality with open pine tree forest. The

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 52

female genitalia of C. purdeyi have the same structure as is seen in C. gerti and
C. tokei. C. purdeyi thus seems to be the only species that has affmities to the
three other species, and thus it could be the oldest of the four species.

Further investigations in the Mediterranean area could reveal more species in
this genus and a wider distribution of perhaps all of the species.

Acknowledgements

Theo Garrevoet (Antwerp, Belgium) has taken the photographs of the male
genitalia. Jurate De Prins (Leefdaal, Belgium) has taken the photographs of the
female genitalia. Both have been very helpful. Frans Groenen (Luyksgestel,
Netherlands) has lent material and discussed the topic. Willy De Prins (Leefdaal,
Belgium) has made the "samenvatting” and the "résumé" and helped with the
manuscript as well as Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, Denmark) has done. Peter
Huemer (Austria), Kai Berggreen (Norway) and Leif Aarvik (Norway) have
given valuable information. I am grateful to all the mentioned persons for their
help.

References

Aarvik, L. E. 2007. Fauna Europaea: Tortricidae. - In: Karsholt, O. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.)
Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera, Moths. — Fauna Europaea, version 1.3, www.faunaeur.org
[20.xii.2009].

Bond, K. G. M. 1996. Previously unpublished records of Microlepidoptera to be added to the Irish
list. — The Irish Naturalists’ Journal 25(6): 194-207.

Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G. & Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths. Tortricidae:
Olethrutinae. — London, 336 p., 43 pis.

Brown, J. W. 2005. World Catalogue of Insects, Volume 5. Tortricidae (. Lepidoptera ). — Apollo
Books, Stenstrup, 741 p.

Bryant, T. 2007. Pine leaf-mining moth Clavigesta purdeyi (Durrant) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), new
to Ireland in Co Waterford (H6). — Irish Naturalists’ Journal 28(8) (2006): 342.

Buhl, O., Falck, P., Jorgensen, B., Karsholt, O., Larsen, K. & Vilhelmsen, F. 1998. Fund af
smasommerfugle i Danmark i 1997 (Lepidoptera). - Entomologisk Meddelelser 66: 105-115.

Buhl, O., Falck, P., Jorgensen, B., Karsholt, O., Larsen, K., & Vilhelmsen, F. 1998. Fund af
smasommerfugle i Danmark i 2001 (Lepidoptera). — Entomologisk Meddelelser 70: 65-75.

Curtis, J. 1850. Characterized species of British Moths. — Annals and Magazine ofNatural History
(2)5: 111.

Durrant, J. H., 1911. Descriptions of two new British species of Rhyacionia, Hb. [Lep. Tin.]. —
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 47: 251-253.

Gaedike, R. & Heinicke, W. 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. - Entomofauna
Germanica 3. — Entomologische Nachrichten & Berichte 5: 1-216.

Emmet, A. M. 1988. A Field Guide to the Smaller British Lepidoptera. — London, 288 p.

Huemer, P., Morandini, C. & Morin, L. 2005. New records of Lepidoptera for the Italian fauna
( Lepidoptera ). — CAB abstract. Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale.

Karanikola, P. & Markalas, S. 2001. Insects attacking the cones of Pinus brutia Ten. in Northern
Greece. — Proceedings International Conference Forest Research. CAB abstracts.

Kennel, J. 1921. Die Palaearktischen Tortriciden. — Stuttgart, 742 p., 24 pis.

Kuchlein, J. H. 1993. De kleine vlinders: handboek voor de faunistiek van de Nederlandse
Microlepidoptera. — Pudoc, Wageningen, 715 p.

Millière, P. 1874. Traveaux Inédits. — Revue et Magazin de Zoologie (3)2: 25.

Obraztsov, N. S. 1964. Die Gattungen der Palaearktischen Tortricidae. II. Die Unterfamilie
Olethreutinae 5. Teil. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 107: 1 — 48, 8 pis.

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Obraztsov, N. S. 1946. Versuch einer systematischer! Übersicht der europaischen Eucosmini-
Gattungen (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). — Zeitschrift der Wiener entomologische Gesellschaft 30:
20-47.

Passos de Carvalho, J. 1992. Notas sobre os Microlepidopteros dos Acores. — Boletim da Sociedade
Portuguesa da Entomologia, suppl. 3: 261-270.

Pierce, F. N. & Metcalfe, J. W. 1960 (Facsimile Reprint). The Genitalia of The Group Tortricidae of
the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. — Feltham, 101 p., 34 pis.

Razowski, J. 1989. The Genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part II: Palaearctic Olethreutinae. —
Acta Zoolica cracoviensia 32(7): 107-328.

Razowski, J. 2003. Tortricidae ( Lepidoptera ) ofEurope. Volume 2. Olethreutinae. — Bratislava, 301
p., 18 pis.

Rennwald, E. & Rodeland, J. 2004. Bestimmungshilfe für die in Europa nachgewiesen
Schmetterlingsarten. — www.lepiforum.eu/ [20.xii.2009].

Sinev, S. Y. (ed.) 2008. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. — Zoological Institute of the
Russian Acadely of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Moscow, 425 p.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 54

Notes on the distribution and taxonomical status of
the enigmatic Polia cherrug (Noctuidae) in Dobrogea
(south-eastern Romania)

Vlad Dinca

Abstract. A new locality, representing the third known for Polia cherrug Rakosy & Wieser,
1997, is reported from northem Dobrogea, south-eastern Romania. The species’ habitat, imagos
and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated. By comparing the distributions of P. cherrug , P.
nebulosa (Hufnagel, 1766) and Pachetra sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766) in Dobrogea, the
hypothesis that P. cherrug might represent a natural hybrid between the latter two species is
discussed.

Samenvatting. Gegevens over de verspreiding en taxonomische status van de enigmatische
Polia cherrug (Noctuidae) in Dobrogea (Zuid-Oost-Roemenië)

Een nieuwe vindplaats van Polia cherrug Rakosy & Wieser, 1997, de derde voor deze soort,
wordt meegedeeld uit Noord-Dobrogea, Zuid-Oost-Roemenië. De biotoop van deze soort,
imago's en genitalia van beide sexen worden geïllustreerd. De verspreiding van P. cherrug , P.
nebulosa (Hufnagel, 1766) en Pachetra sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766) in Dobrogea wordt
vergeleken, en de mogelijkheid dat P. cherrug een natuurlijke hybride is van beide laatst
genoemde soorten wordt besproken.

Résumé. Notes sur la distribution et le statut taxonomique de 1'énigmatique Polia cherrug
(Noctuidae) dans le Dobrogea, Sud-Est Roumanie

Une nouvelle localité, la troisième de 1'espèce Polia cherrug Rakosy & Wieser, 1997, du
Dobrogea septentrional, Sud-Est Roumanie, est rapportée. L'habitat de cette espèce, des imagos
et les genitalia des deux sexes sont figurés. Après comparaison des distributions de P. cherrug,
P. nebulosa (Hufnagel, 1766) et Pachetra sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766) dans le Dobrogea,
1'hypothèse que P. cherrug pourrait représenter un hybride naturel de ces deux espèces, est
discutée.

Rezumat. Notes sur la distribution et le statut taxonomique de 1'énigmatique Polia cherrug
(Noctuidae) dans le Dobrogea, sud-est Roumanie

O noua localitate, a treia cunoscuta pentru Polia cherrug Rakosy & Wieser, 1997, este semnalata
din nordul Dobrogei (sud-estul Romaniei). Habitatul speciei, adultii si armaturile genitale ale
ambelor sexe sunt ilustrate. Prin compararea distributiilor lui P. cherrug, P. nebulosa (Hufnagel,
1766) si Pachetra sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766) in Dobrogea, este discutata ipoteza conform
careia P. cherrug ar putea reprezenta un hibrid natural intre speciile mai sus mentionate.

Key words: Polia cherrug - Romania - Dobrogea - distribution - habitat - hybridization
Dinca, V.: Departamento de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autönoma de Barcelona,

Bellaterra, 08193, Spain (sudistu@yahoo.com).

Introduction

Recently described as new to Science (Rakosy & Wieser 1997), Polia
cherrug Rakosy & Wieser, 1997 has one of the most restricted distributions of
any European Noctuidae. It has been collected only from the north Dobrogea
plateau (Tulcea county), being known from two localities: Greci (Moroianu
massif, Macin Mountains) and the Horia forest (near Atmagea) (Rakosy &
Wieser 1997, Rakosy & Wieser 2000) (Fig. 3).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 55

Fig. 1- Dorsal view of Polia cherrug, Romania, ca. 8 km south of Babadag city (Tulcea county),
24.V.2007; a- female; b - female; c- male, genit. prep. 546/(3'/Dinca. Scale bar 10 mm. Photo V.
Dinca.

Fig. 2 - Collecting site of Polia cherrug in Babadag forest, 120 m (4.vi.2008). Photo V. Dinca.

Hacker et al. (2002) mentioned that P. cherrug was by some authors
suspected to represent a natural hybrid between Polia nebulosa (Hufnagel, 1766)
and Pachetra sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766). As this hypothesis has not yet been
tested and proven, the above mentioned authors accepted it as a distinct species,
endemic to Dobrogea. Besides its disputed taxonomical status, P. cherrug has a
very poorly known distribution and biology (Rakosy & Wieser 1997, Rakosy &
Wieser 2000, Hacker et al. 2002). Improving the knowledge on the biology and
distribution of P. cherrug is mandatory in order to better understand its
evolutionary history and to safeguard its strongholds, given the fact that the
species is protected by law in Romania (Rakosy 2006).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 56

Fig. 3- Map of Dobrogea indicating the currently known distribution of Polia cherrug, P. nebulosa
and Pachetra sagittigera. Lower right corner indicates the position of Dobrogea in Romania.

# - previously published records of P. cherrug : Greci area (Macin Mts.) (north) and Horia forest -

Atmagea (south) (Rakosy & Wieser 1997)

A - new locality for P. cherrug : ca. 8 km south of Babadag city (Babadag forest)

■ - records of P. nebulosa in Dobrogea (Rakosy 1 996)

♦ - record of both P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera (prior to 1960) (Rakosy 1996)

The dashed line ( — ) marks the approximate limits of the largest forested area in Dobrogea.

Besides improving the known distribution of P. cherrug (by adding the third
and southemmost known locality in northern Dobrogea), we provide an
overview on the distribution of P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera in Dobrogea and
show that these data are not in favour to the hypothesis of P. cherrug being a
natural hybrid between the two above mentioned species.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 57

Material and methods

Specimens of P. cherrug were collected during two field trips to northem
Dobrogea in late spring 2007 and early summer 2008. The capture method
consisted of a 125 W mercury vapour bulb placed in front of a white screen and
powered by a portable gasoline generator. The material is preserved in Vlad
Dinca’s collection. Genitalia were processed as follows: maceration in 10%
potassium hydroxide, dissection and cleaning under the stereomicroscope and
storage in tubes with glycerine.

Results and discussion

Material. 1(5, 3$: Romania: ca. 8 km south of Babadag city (Babadag forest,
Tulcea county), 120 m, 24.V.2007 (1(5, 2$), genit. prep. 546/(5/Dinca; 4.vi.2008
(1$), genit. prep. 779/$/Dinca. All specimens leg. & coll. V. Dinca.

Polia cherrug (Figs la, lb, lc) was collected at the Southern limit of the
Babadag forest, in a sylvo-stepic area consisting of xerophilous meadows and
mixed oak deciduous forest on calcareous ground (Fig. 2). The adults (both
males and females) were readily attracted to artificial light, usually before
midnight. This collecting place currently represents the third known locality for
P. cherrug while also marking its Southern distribution limit. Moreover, given
the distance between the two previously reported localities (ca. 25 kilometers)
and the position of the new site, the current fmdings doublé the total area of
distribution for P. cherrug (Fig. 3). Although conclusions would be hazardous
based on so few data, it currently appears that this species is associated to the
largest forested (sylvo-steppe) areas from Dobrogea which extend over the
north-westem part of the province (Fig. 3).

Despite considerable collecting activity in sylvo-steppe areas from the
Southern part of Dobrogea, the species was never recorded there (Rakosy &
Székely 1996), although the habitats are similar to those from the northem part
of the province.

Polia cherrug - a case of hybridization?

The hypothesis that the specimens of P. cherrug represent nothing more than
a natural hybrid between P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera, seems little probable for
several reasons which we discuss below.

1 . In Romania, both P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera prefer moderately humid
areas and are better represented in hilly and low mountain areas. In the south-
east of the country they seem to be scarce (Rakosy 1996). In Dobrogea, they
were reported very few times and only from the Danube Delta. Moreover, while
P. nebulosa was recorded relatively recently from the delta, P. sagittigera was
not mentioned from this area after 1960 (Rakosy 1996), although the Danube
Delta has been well studied by lepidopterists since then (see Székely 2006). The
distance between the three localities from where P. cherrug is known and the

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 58

nearest records of P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera from the Danube Delta
(surroundings of Tulcea) is of about 40 kilometers (Fig. 3).

2. Judging by the high number of collected specimens (up to 20-30 / night)
(see Rakosy & Wieser 1997), P. cherrug seems to be locally abundant.
Moreover, both males and females have been collected in good numbers. This is
in contrast to the rarity of its potential parents in Dobrogea.

3. On the other hand, admitting that the two above mentioned taxa might
hybridize, one would expect to have more such cases in other parts of Romania
(and Europe) where they are sympatric and considerably more common than in
Dobrogea. Yet, there are no data that could indicate such a phenomenon.

Fig. 4.- Male genitalia of Polia cherrug , Romania, ca. 8 km south of Babadag city (Babadag forest),
120 m, 24.V.2007. Genit. prep. 546/(5'/Dinca: a- ventral view, phallus removed; b- phallus.

4. The male (Figs 4a, 4b) and female genitalia (Figs 5a, 5b) are
characteristic and display constant features that allow clear separation from both
P. nebulosa and P. sagittigera. A comparison between P. cherrug , P. nebulosa
and P. sagittigera (based on wing morphology and genitalia of both sexes) was
done by Rakosy & Wieser (1997) (see also genitalia illustrations from Hacker et
al. 2002).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 59

Fig. 5 - Female genitalia of Polia cherrug , Romania, ca. 8 km south of Babadag city (Babadag
forest), 120 m, 4.vi.2008. Genit. prep. 779/$/Dinca: a - ventral view; b - dorsal view.

However, although distributional data are not in favour of the hybridization
hypothesis, the possibility that P. cherrug may actually be a taxon of hybrid
origin cannot be discarded. For higher resolution, both hypotheses need to be
tested using molecular approaches and cross-breeding experiments. Because
such studies are lacking and faunistical and morphological data point towards a
differentiated taxon, we share the opinion expressed by Hacker et al. (2002) and

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 60

consider P. cherrug a distinct species which is currently endemic to northem
Dobrogea.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Roger Vila and Sylvain Cuvelier for comments on the
manuscript.

References

Hacker, H„ Ronkay, L. & Hreblay, M. 2002. Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, volume 4. —
Entomological Press, Soro, 419 p.

Rakosy, L. 1996. Die Noctuiden Rumdniens. — Stapfia, Linz, 648 p.

Rakosy, L. 2006. U.E. si legislatia pentru protectia lepidopterelor din Romania. — Buletin de
informare Entomologicd 16: 89-96.

Rakosy, L. & Székely, L. 1996. Macrolepidopterele din sudul Dobrogei. — Entomologica Romanica
1: 17-62.

Rakosy, L. & Wieser, Ch. 1997. Polia cherrug n. sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) aus
Rumanien. — Linzer biologische Bedrage 29(2): 1153-1 165.

Rakosy, L. & Wieser, Ch. 2000. Das Macin Gebirge (Rumanien, Nord-Dobrudscha). — Carinthia
190/110: 7-116.

Székely, L. 2006. Lepidopterele ( Fluturii ) din Delta Dundrii. — Disz-Tipó, Sacele, 151 p.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 61

Four noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) taxa new for
the fauna of Iran

Mehdi Esfandiari, Mohammad Saeed Mossadegh, Parviz Shishehbor, Kauri
Mikkola and Seyed Hosein Hodjat

Abstract. Three species, Grammodes boisdeffrii (Oberthür, 1876), Dysmilichia flavonigra
(Swinhoe, 1884), Mythimna congrua (Hübner, [1817]), and the nominate subspecies Drasteria
kabylaria kabylaria (Bang-Haas, 1906), are reported for the first time from Iran. These species
were collected in sugarcane fields' areas of Khuzestan province, south-west Iran. Adults and
genitalia of each species are illustrated, with notes on their identification, bionomy and
distribution.

Samenvatting. Vier Noctuidae-soorten (Lepidoptera) nieuw voor de fauna van Iran
Drie soorten, Grammodes boisdeffrii (Oberthür, 1876), Dysmilichia flavonigra (Swinhoe, 1884)
en Mythimna congrua (Hübner, [1817]), en de nominale subspecies Drasteria kabylaria
kabylaria (Bang-Haas, 1 906), worden hier voor het eerst uit Iran vermeld. Deze soorten werden
verzameld in suikerrietvelden in de provincie Khuzestan (Zuidwest-Iran). De adulten en genitalia
van elke soort worden afgebeeld, en info over hun identificatie, bionomie en verspreiding
worden gegeven.

Résumé. Quatre espèces de noctuelles (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nouvelles pour la faune
d'Iran

Trois espèces, Grammodes boisdeffrii (Oberthür, 1876), Dysmilichia flavonigra (Swinhoe, 1884)
et Mythimna congrua (Hübner, [1817]), et la sous-espèce nominale Drasteria kabylaria
kabylaria (Bang-Haas, 1906), sont mentionnées ici pour la première fois d'Iran. Ces espèces ont
été capturées dans des champs de canne a sucre dans la province de Khuzestan (Sud-ouest de
1'Iran). Les adultes et les genitalia sont figurés et des informations sur leur identification,
bionomie et distribution sont données.

Key words: Noctuidae - faunistics - Khuzestan - Iran.

Esfandiari, M. (apameini@yahoo.com); Mossadegh, M.S.; Shishehbor, P., and Hodjat, S.H.:

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz,

Iran

Mikkola, K: Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Introduction

Many studies on Noctuidae of Iran have been worked out and, hence, the
number of recorded noctuid species from Iran exceeds 1150 (see e.g. Brandt
1941, Hacker 1990, Ebert & Hacker 2002, Ronkay & Gyulai 2006).
Nevertheless, until know, no comprehensive checklist of the Noctuidae of Iran
has been published.

Wiltshire (1949) collected the first noctuids of Khuzestan province in 1938.
This region has been less explored than most of the other provinces of Iran; e.g.
Ebert & Hacker (2002) listed 734 species of Noctuidae of Iran, but only one
species ( Heterographa sp.) from Khuzestan. However, the checklist of identified
species of arthropods of Khuzestan (Mossadegh & Kocheili 2003), includes 41
species of Noctuidae. This province has an area of 67,000 km2, consisting of
mountains and plains. Sugarcane farms are situated in the semi-desert lowland
parts, which are excessively hot and dry in the summer. The annual average
rainfall does not exceed 260 mm.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 62

The present paper reports three species and one subspecies of Noctuidae,
new for the fauna of Iran, which were collected during a faunistic survey in the
sugarcane fïelds of Khuzestan, south-west Iran.

Material and methods

Collections were made using a 250 W MV light against a white sheet during
2007 and 2008. The specimens were deposited in Insect and Mite Collection of
Ahvaz (IMCA), Plant Protection Department, Shadid Chamran University of
Ahvaz, Iran. The materials have been collected in 4 sugarcane agro-industries in
Khuzestan province.

Abbreviations used in this paper are as follows, with the elevations and areas
included:

Locality

Coordinates

Elevation (m)

Area (ha)

AK

Amir Kabir agro-industry

31°03'N 48°14'E

7

10000

KR

Karun agro-industry

32°10'N 48°36'E

68

20000

FA

Farabi agro-industry

30°06'N 48°36'E

6

6000

IK

Imam Khomeini (Shoeibieh)
agro-industry

31°46'N 48°44'E

23

10000

Results

Subfamily Catocalinae Boisduval, [1828]

Drasteria kabylaria kabylaria (Bang-Haas, 1906) (Fig. 1)

Identification: Forewing red-brown, the costal and inner areas fuscous
mixed with grey-white, the terminal area grey-white irrorated with brown,
subbasal line indistinct, black, sinuous, slightly defined by ochreous; antemedial
line black-brown, oblique from costa to submedian fold where it is met by the
postmedial line, the antemedial line on outer side and the postmedial line on
inner side defined by ochreous white; subterminal line ochreous white: inner
side black streaks, outer a reddish band; a fme waved blackish terminal line.
Hindwing with the basal half white, the terminal half fuscous brown with
sinuous inner edge; white patches on termen at apex, and an oblique patch at
vein 2. Drasteria kabylaria columbina Brandt, 1941, which was described from
SE Iran, differs from the typical subspecies by having more gray bluish
background colour, entirely without brown reddish hue.

Bionomics: Bivoltine, flying March to May and October to November. The
larva probably feeds on Tamarix (Hacker, 2001).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 63

Distribution: Saharo-Sindian. The eremic nominate subspecies occurs
from Morocco in North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, Oman (Hacker, 2001)
and SW Iran. Subspecies D. kabylaria columbina occurs in south (Hormozgan)
and southeast (Sistan va Balouchestan) Iran (Brandt, 1941; Ebert & Hacker,
2002).

Material examined: 1$, IK, 6. IV. 2008.

Grammodes boisdeffrii (Oberthür, 1876) (Fig. 2)

Identification: Head, thorax and abdomen ochreous white; forewing pale
ochreous irrorated with red-brown; antemedial line black, slightly sinuous; a
medial whitish band from subcostal vein to inner margin; the outer part of
medial area red-brown, narrowing to a point at inner margin, defined on outer
side by the black postmedial line, subterminal line whitish defined on inner side
by red-brown, and by a slight black streak above vein 6; a small black spot on
termen just below apex; cilia white with a brown line at middle. Hindwing
ochreous white; a dark medial line with some brown suffusion before it,
followed by a white band; the terminal area suffused with dark-brown leaving
pale patches before termen at apex.

Bionomics: Probably bivoltine or multivoltine, halophilous. It was
collected at light in the early May in the lowland sugarcane fields of SW Iran.
The early stages and bionomics are unknown.

Distribution: Afro-Eremic. The species was described from Algeria,
Biskara (Hacker, 2001). It occurs in the North Africa, the Levante, Arabian
Peninsula and SW Iran.

Material examined: \<$, FA, 4. V. 2008.

Subfamily Acontiinae Guenée, 1841

Dysmilichia flavonigra (Swinhoe, 1884) (Fig. 3)

( sensu Hacker et al 2008)

Identification: Head, antenna, fore part of the thorax, and outer three
fourths of the forewing black; reminder of the thorax, abdomen, and basal
portion of the forewing (except costa) dull yellow; forewing with three spots on
the costa near the apex, many minute yellow atoms all over the black portion of
the wing; hindwing white, pale brownish towards the border, marginal line
brown, fringe white. Similar Dysmilichia erastrioides Brandt, 1938, which
occurs in Southern Iran, has a white patch on the postmedial area from costa to
the cell; its head, thorax and the basal area of forewing brown shiny black.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 64

Figs. 1-4. Noctuid moths new for the fauna of Iran: 1- Drasteria kabylaria kabylaria (Bang-Haas,
1906); 2- Grammodes boisdeffrii (Oberthür, 1876); 3- Dysmilichia flavonigra (Swinhoe, 1884); 4.-
Mythimna congrua (Hübner, [1817]).

Bionomics: Probably bivoltine. Wiltshire (1990) caught it in February,
June, August and December. It flies in May and September in Khuzestan. The
early stages and food plants are unknown.

Distribution: Irano-Eremic. This rare species occurs in Karachi, N India
and western Arabia (Hacker 1990, Wiltshire 1990). Our sampling area is an
intermediate locality.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 65

Material examined: 1$, along Dez river (West KR), 11. IX. 2008; 1 ex., IK,
8. V. 2008.

Subfamily Hadeninae Guenée, 1837

Mythimna congrua (Hübner, [1817]) (Fig. 4)

Identification: Forewing pale brown irrorated with whitish scales; black
abdominal coremata present. Postmedial line sometimes represented by 1-2
blackish spots on veins. Veins paler, usually whitish, intervenal areas brownish;
a small visible whitish spot on medial trunk at cross vein of cell. Hindwing
whitish, marginal area broad, dark, except its costal part. It differs from the
closely related Mythimna ferrago (Fabricius, 1787), which occurs in south
western Iran (Hacker 1990), by its shortened, medially recurved vesica and the
rather short appendix bursae.

Bionomics: Bivoltine. The species flies in March-June and August-
October. It inhabits hot xeric, rather low biotopes of the wider Mediterranean
area and also in the xerothermic steppe habitats of the Near East, Asia Minor and
the Southern Caucasus (Hacker et al. 2002). Larvae feed on various grasses,
potentially as a pest of corn, and overwinters as pupa. The species may inhabit
sugarcane fields' drains with reed beds in SW Iran.

Distribution: Mediterranean. It occurs around the Mediterranean Sea in
Southern Europe, Morocco, Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan (Hacker et al. 2002) and
SW Iran.

Material examined: 7 ex., KR, 25.IV.2007; 10 ex., KR, 8.V.2007; 2(5, KR,
7.X. 2007; 1 ex., KR, 6.XI.2007; 5 ex., KR, 5.IV.2008; 1 ex., IK, 6.IV.2008, 1(5,
AK: 2. IV. 2008; 2(5, Prov. Fars, 20 km E of Firuzabad, Mahkooyeh, 1600 m,
30.VIII.2008.

Acknowledgments

Financial support provided by the research deputy of Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz and the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of
Iran, is greatly acknowledged. We are grateful to Dr. Laszlo Ronkay, Hungarian
Natural History Museum, Budapest and Mr. Michael Fibiger, Soro, Denmark,
for their help in identification of some materials. We would like to express our
cordial thanks to the staff of Zoological Museum of the University of Helsinki,
Finland, for their kind help during a study tour of the First author. We also thank
all sugarcane agro-industries authorities who supplied the collecting permits.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 66

References

Brandt, W. 1941. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (3). Neue Agrotiden, nebst
Faunenverzeichnissen. — Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 31: 835 —
863.

Ebert, G. & Hacker, H. H. 2002. Beitrag zur Fauna der Noctuidae des Iran: Verzeichnis der Bestande
im Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, taxonomische Bemerkungen und
Beschreibung neuer Taxa (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). — Esperiana 9: 237^109.

Hacker, H. H. 1990. Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Lepidoptera). Systematische List mit einer
Übersicht über die Verbreitung unter besondere Berücksichtigung der fauna der Türkei
(einschlieblich der Nachbargebiete Balkan, SüdruBland, Westturkestan, Arabische Halbinsel,
Agypten). — Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 27: 1-707.

Hacker, H. H. 2001. Fauna of the Nolidae and Noctuidae of the Levante with descriptions and
taxonomie notes. — Esperiana 8: 7-398.

Hacker, H. H., L. Ronkay & Hreblay, M. 2002. Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. —
Entomological Press, Soro, Denmark, 419 pp.

Hacker, H. H., Legrain A. & Fibiger M. 2008. Revision of the genus Acontia Ochsenheimer, 1816
and the tribus Acontiini Guenée, 1841 (Old World) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acontiinae). —
Esperiana 14: 1-686.

Mossadegh, M. S. & Kocheili, F. 2003. A semi descriptive checklist of identified species of
Arthropods (Agricultural, medical, ...) and other agricultural pests from Khuzestan, Iran. —
Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran, 475 pp.

Ronkay, L. & Gyulai, P. 2006. New Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) species from Iran and Tibet. —
Esperiana 12: 211-241.

Wiltshire, E. P. 1949. Middle East Lepidoptera, IX: new species and forms from Arabia and Persia,
with a description of the genus Tamsola from Iraq. — Bulletin de la Société Fouad Ier
dEntomologie 33: 353—372.

Wiltshire, E. P. 1990. An illustrated, annotated catalogue of the Macro-Heterocera of Saudi Arabia.
— Fauna of Saudi Arabia 11: 91-250.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 67

Coleophora conyzae (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae),
nieuw voor de Belgische fauna

Steve Wullaert

Abstract. Coleophora conyzae (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), a new species for the Belgian
fauna

On 17 May 2009, a case of Coleophora conyzae Zeiler, 1868 was found on Eupatorium
cannabinum at Wielsbeke (Belgium, Province of West Flanders), leg. S. Wullaert. This is the
first record of this species from Belgium. Details on its life cycle and distribution are provided.

Résumé. Coleophora conyzae (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), une espèce nouvelle pour la
faune beige

Le 1 7 mai 2009, un fourreau de Coleophora conyzae Zeiler, 1 868 fut trouvé sur Eupatorium
cannabinum a Wielsbeke (Belgique, prov. de Flandre occidentale), leg. S. Wullaert. II s'agit de la
première mention de cette espèce en Belgique. Des informations sur la biologie et la distribution
sont données.

Key Words: Coleophora conyzae - Belgium - Faunistics - First record.

Wullaert, S.: Vaartstraat 18, B-8710 Wielsbeke, Belgium. (sw.demijnen@gmail.com).

Inleiding

Op 17 mei 2009 werd de soort Coleophora conyzae Zeiler, 1868 voor het
eerst in België waargenomen, en dan nog wel in mijn eigen tuin te Wielsbeke
(West- Vlaanderen). De soort werd gevonden door eerst te gaan zoeken naar de
vlekmijnen op koninginnenkruid ( Eupatorium cannabinum) en dan naar de
koker. Deze hing aan de onderkant van een blad waarop vlekmijnen aanwezig
waren (fig. 2, 4).

Moeilijk was het niet om de soort op naam te brengen; Coleophora conyzae
is de enige Coleophora- soort die op Eupatorium cannabinum een bladzak maakt
(fig. 1, 3). De andere twee soorten Coleophora die op deze voedselplant
voorkomen, maken een zijden zak, nl. C. follicularis (Vallot, 1802) en C. inulae
Wocke, 1877. Deze soorten werden allebei reeds eerder uit België vermeld, de
tweede slechts eenmaal uit Brabant (De Crombrugghe 1898: 35).

Biologie

De rups van C. conyzae leeft in een spatelvormige, lichtbruine tot bruine
bladzak van 9 tot 12 mm lang. Deze bladzak is buisvormig, tweekleppig en heeft
een mondhoek van ongeveer 45°, maar dit kan wel eens variëren.

C. conyzae heeft één bijzonderheid ten opzichte van de andere soorten uit de
familie Coleophoridae; ze maakt na elke vervelling een nieuwe koker! De oude
koker blijft op de plaats staan waar de rups de uitsnede heeft gemaakt voor de
nieuwe koker.

Wanneer de soort op heelblaadje ( Inula conyzae) of donderkruid ( Pulicaria
dysenterica) voorkomt, heeft de koker een meer behaarde buitenkant, omdat de
planten zelf ook meer behaard zijn. Deze eigenschappen heeft koninginnenkruid
{Eupatorium cannabinum) niet en daarom is de bladzak op die plantensoort ook
veel minder behaard.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 68

In september beginnen de rupsen te eten tot ze in overwintering gaan. In het
voorjaar worden ze opnieuw actief en na enkele vervellingen, met telkens de
aanmaak van een nieuwe koker, verpoppen ze eind mei-begin juni.

Het imago van deze soort is één van de grotere in de familie Coleophoridae:
van 12 tot 16 mm.

Fig. 1-2. Coleophora conyzae Zeiler, 1868. België, West- Vlaanderen, Wielsbeke, 17.V.2009, leg. S.
Wullaert.

Verspreiding

In de Benelux werd deze soort voordien alleen in Nederland waargenomen
en daar slechts op 4 vindplaatsen die vooral aan de kustlijn waren gesitueerd. De
soort werd er voor het eerst in 1951 waargenomen in de Amsterdamse
waterleidingduinen door C. Doets. Op dezelfde plaats werd ze in 1984 door G.
Kaijadoe waargenomen. Verder werd de soort gevonden te Mellisant (Zuid-
Holland) (Huisman et al. 1986) en op de Bloemendijken van Zuid-Beveland
(Zeeland) door G. Langohr (Kuchlein 1993: 264).

In 1993 werd C. conyzae terug waargenomen, ditmaal in de Zeelandse stad
Kortgene door J. van Vuure. Dan duurde het 10 jaar vooraleer de soort opnieuw
werd opgemerkt, nu door J. Wolschrijn te Oostvoorne (Zuid-Holland). In het
jaar 2007 werden maar liefst 6 ex. C. conyzae geobserveerd, nl. op 19, 22 en

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 69

25.vii.2007 in de provincie Zeeland, te Kortgene opnieuw door J. van Vuure. De
laatste waarneming gebeurde door J. Wolschrijn die de soort terug waarnam te
Oostvoome op 26.vii.2008 (T. Muus, pers. mededeling).

In de rest van Europa komt C. conyzae in heel wat landen voor. Ze werd
vermeld uit Albanië, Duitsland, Estland, Finland, Frankrijk (incl. Korsika),
Griekenland (incl. Egeïsche eilanden, Kreta), Groot-Brittannië, Hongarije, Italië
(incl. Sardinië, Sicilië), Kroatië, Letland, Malta, Oostenrijk, Polen, Portugal,
Roemenië, Slowakije, Spanje, Tsjechië, Zweden en Zwitserland. Buiten Europa
komt de soort ook voor in het Nabije Oosten en Noord-Afrika (Karsholt & van
Nieukerken 2009).

Dankwoord

Dank aan Willem Ellis voor de bevestiging van de soort, en aan Willy De
Prins en Theo Garrevoet voor het nalezen van het artikel.

Literatuur

De Crombrugghe, 1898. Note sur quelques Microlépidoptères nouveaux pour la faune beige. —
Annales de Société entomologique de Belgique 42: 34-38.

Edmunds 2009. British leaf miners. — www.leafmines.co.uk .[ 08 oktober 2009],

Ellis, W. N. 2009. Bladmineerders van Europa. — www.bladmineerders.nl. [08 oktober 2009].
Huisman, K. J., Kuchlein, J. H., van Nieukerken, E. J. van der Wolf, H. W., Wolschrijn, J. B. &
Gielis, C. 1986. Nieuwe en interessante Microlepidoptera uit Nederland, voornamelijk in 1984
(Lepidoptera). — Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 46: 137-156.

Karsholt, O. & Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) 2009. Fauna Europaea, Lepidoptera, Moths. - Fauna
Europaea version 1.3. — www.faunaeur.org [08 oktober 2009].

Kuchlein, J. H. 1993. De kleine vlinders. Handboek voor de faunistiek van de Nederlandse
Microlepidoptera. — Pudoc, Wageningen, 715 p.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 70

Caloptilia fidella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a new
leafminer to the Belgian fauna

Jean-Yves Baugnée & Willy De Prins

Résumé. Caloptilia fidella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), une nouvelle espèce mineuse pour
la faune beige

Le 6 novembre 2009, plusieurs mines de Caloptilia fidella (Reutti, 1853) (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae) ont été trouvées sur Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) en bordure de la réserve
naturelle de 1'Ile aux Corsaires a Angleur (province de Liège). C’est la première fois que cette
espèce est signalée en Belgique, en marge nord-ouest de son aire de dispersion. Les informations
relatives a la biologie et a la répartition du papillon sont résumées.

Samenvatting. Caloptilia fidella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), een nieuwe bladmineerder
voor de Belgische fauna

Op 6 november 2009 werden enkele bladmijnen van Caloptilia fidella (Reutti, 1853)
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) op Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) gevonden langs het
natuurreservaat "Ile aux Corsaires" te Angleur (provincie Luik). Het is de eerste maal dat deze
soort uit België wordt vermeld. Details over de levenswijze en de verspreiding worden gegeven.

Key words: Caloptilia fidella - Lepidoptera - Gracillariidae - Belgium - Faunistics -
Humulus.

Baugnée, J.-Y.: Service Public de Wallonië, Département de 1’Etude du Milieu naturel et
agricole (DEMNA), Direction de la Nature et de 1’Eau, Avenue de la Faculté, 22, B-5030
Gembloux, Belgium. jybaugnee@gmail.com
De Prins, W.: Dorpstraat 40 1B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Belgium. willy.deprins@gmail.com.

On 6 November 2009 some leaf mines of Caloptilia fidella (Reutti, 1853)
were found on Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) at the edge of the nature
reserve "Ile aux Corsaires" at Angleur (province of Liège). It is the first record
of the moth for Belgium and that increases the number of Belgian Gracillariidae
to 98 species (De Prins & De Prins 2009, Buszko 2009, De Prins & Steeman
2009).

Caloptilia fidella is a West-Palaearctic species which mainly occurs in
Central, South and East Europe. It was previously recorded from Austria,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (inch Corsica), Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (De Prins & De Prins 2009, Buszko 2009). This
species was also more recently reported from Portugal in 2006 (Corley et al.
2007) and from the Netherlands in 2009 in several places from Southern
Limburg (Schreurs et al. 2009). The moth is usually regarded as a rare species,
as in Germany where it is known only from Lower Saxony, Bavaria and Baden-
Württemberg (Gaedike & Heinicke 1999, Gaedike et al. 2003). The Dutch and
Belgian records now appear to be located on the north-westem margin of the
range of C. fidella.

During its larval stage C. fidella is a monophagous leafminer on common
hop Humulus lupulus (see Ellis 2007). The young larva causes a small white

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 71

triangular mine in the angle of leaf veins. Later it lives and pupates within a
rolled leaf margin on the host plant (figs. 1-2). The pupa is described and keyed
by Patocka & Zach (1995). There are two annual generations with larvae mainly
occurring in July and September; the adults hibemate (Hering 1957). Predators
and parasites of C. fidella are almost unknown. The parasitoid wasp Sympiesis
dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been mentioned
by Fulmek in 1962 (in De Prins & De Prins 2009).

Figs. 1-2. Caloptilia fidella (Reutti, 1853), Belgium, Liège, Angleur, 06.xi.2009, old mines on
Humulus lupulus, enclosure of the nature reserve "Ile aux Corsaires", leg. and photos J.-Y. Baugnée.

Few leafminers are recorded on Humulus in N-W Europe. Among Belgian
moths, the Cosmopterigidae Cosmoptehx zieglerella (Hübner, 1810) was
hitherto the only regular miner known on this plant (Ellis 2007, De Prins &
Steeman 2009). In comparison with this species the mine of C. fidella however
is very distinct and easily recognizable (see related beautifiil pictures on
Lepiforum).

In Belgium C. fidella is probably a new arrival but as many small much
species it is probably overlooked. The foodplant of the Caterpillar is common
throughout the country; however, recent investigations conducted by the First
author in more than thirty localities of the provinces of Namur, Hainaut, Liège
and Luxembourg did not produce any positive results.

References

Buszko, J. 2009. Fauna Europaea: Gracillariidae. - In: Karsholt, O. & van Nieukerken, E. J. (eds),
Lepidoptera, Moths. Fauna Europaea, version 2. — www.faunaeur.org [accessed on 19
December 2009].

Corley, M. F. V., Marabuto, E. & Pires, P. 2007. New Lepidoptera for the fauna of Portugal (Insecta:
Lepidoptera). — Shilap, Revista de Lepidopterologia 35 (139): 321-334.

De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. 2009. Global Taxonomie Database of Gracillariidae ( Lepidoptera ). —
gc.bebif.be [accessed 28 December 2009].

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 72

De Prins, W. & Steeman, C. 2009. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. - www.phegea.org
[accessed on 19 December 2009],

Ellis, W. N. 2007. Bladmineerders van Europa/Leafminers of Europe. — www.bladmineerders.nl
[accessed on 19 December 2009].

Gaedike, R. & Heinicke, W. 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. Entomofauna
Germanica 3. — Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft 5: 1-216.

Gaedike, R., Graf, F., Kaiser, C., Landeck, I., Leutsch, H., Nuss, M., Stübner, A. & Wauer, S. 2003.
Aktuelle Daten zur Kleinschmetterlingsfauna von Sachsen mit Hinweisen zu anderen
Bundeslandem (Lep.) IV. — Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 47: 77-80.

Hering, M. 1957. Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa: einschliesslich des
Mittelmeerbeckens und der Kanar is chen Insein . — W. Junk, ‘s Gravenhage, II: 651-1185.

Lepiforum e.V., 2009. Bestimmungshilfe für die in Europa nachgewiesenen Schmetterlingsarten. -
www.lepiforum.de [accessed on 20 December 2009].

Patocka, J. & Zach, P. 1995. The pupae of the central European Caloptilia (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariiidae). — European Journal ofEntomology 92: 483 — 496.

Schreurs, A., van Stiphout, M. & Muus, T. 2009. Caloptilia fidella, de hopsteltmot, nieuw in
Nederland. — www.microlepidoptera.nl/nieuws/23.php [accessed on 8 January 2010].

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 73

Nieuwe en interessante vondsten van myceliumkevers,
knotssprietkevers en smalkevers aan de westrand van
Brussel (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae &
Cucujidae)

Willy Troukens

Abstract. New and interesting discoveries of Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae, and Cucujidae at
the westside of Brussels, Belgium (Coleoptera).

Recently, five remarkable species were found at the westside of Brussels: Mycetophagus
quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1761), M. atomarius (Fabricius, 1787), and M. quadriguttatus
Müller, 1881, all three living under mouldy bark or on agarics; Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775)
living under bark, and the cosmopolitan beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) of
which more than 20 specimens were found in an habitation.

Résumé. Nouvelles découvertes intéressantes de Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae et Cucujidae
a la périphérie ouest de Bruxelles, Belgique (Coleoptera).

Récemment cinq espèces remarquables furent récoltées dans la zone occidentale de Bruxelles:
Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1761), M. atomarius (Fabricius, 1787), and M.
quadriguttatus Müller, 1881 qui tous les trois vivent sous les écorces moisis ou sur les polypores
des arbres; Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775) qui vit sous les écorces, et 1'espèce cosmopolite
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) dont plus de 20 exemplaires furent capturés dans
une maison d'habitation.

Key words: Belgium - Faunistics - Mycetophagidae - Colydiidae - Cucujidae -
Coleoptera.

Troukens, W.: Ninoofsesteenweg 782/8, B-1070 Anderlecht.

Inleiding

Gevelde bomen en boomstronken blijven ons steeds weer verbazen door de
opeenvolging van allerlei kevertjes die zich hier komen voortplanten of op zoek
zijn naar geschikt voedsel. Vooral vanaf het tweede jaar vindt men onder losse
schors niet zelden Colydiidae en Cucujidae. Naarmate de tijd verstrijkt en de
verwering verder gaat, wordt het hout gekoloniseerd door schimmels en
zwammen. Deze lokken op hun beurt weer andere kevertjes aan, o.a.
verschillende Mycetophagidae. Zo gezien vertegenwoordigt elke boomstomp
een interessant studieobject waar een keverliefhebber jarenlang plezier aan kan
beleven.

In vorige artikels werd al melding gemaakt van 1 soort Mycetophagidae, 3
soorten Colydiidae en 2 soorten Cucujidae aan de westrand van Brussel
(Troukens 2006a, b). Door geduldig speurwerk en het gebruik van lichtvallen
werden vrij recent nog 5 andere soorten gevangen waarvan sommige in
privécollecties zelden te vinden zijn. Hieronder volgen enkele details over hun
vondst en hun levenswijze. De naamgeving werd overgenomen van Vogt (1967)
en Gerhardt (2006).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 74

Mycetophagidae

De Mycetophagidae vormen een familie van kleine, lang-ovale kevers met
een fijne beharing. De sprieten kunnen snoervormig zijn of eindigen in een 2- tot
5-ledige knots (Vogt 1967: 191). In België komen 13 soorten voor waarvan 4
aan de westrand van Brussel. Van Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus, 1758) werd al
melding gemaakt (Troukens 2006: 61-66).

Fig. 1. Verspreiding van Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1761) in België.

1. Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1761) (fig. 1)

Deze myceliumkever is een ovale en vrij platte kever van 5 a 6 mm. De
grondkleur is zwart; het halsschild matig bestippeld. Elk dekschild vertoont 1 1
puntrijen en 2 roodgele vlekken die in grootte sterk kunnen variëren of zelfs
kunnen ontbreken (Sauer 1993: 160). Kop en poten roodgeel. Ook de sprieten
roodgeel maar het 6de tot het 10de lid zwartachtig. De laatste 5 sprietleden zijn
verdikt; het eindlid duidelijk langer dan het 9de en 10de lid samen (Keer 1930:
548-550).

Dit kevertje komt algemeen voor in heel Europa en verder oostwaarts tot in
Siberië (Bily 1990: 156). Men kan hem aantreffen op boomzwammen van het
geslacht Polyporus, vooral op soorten die groeien op eiken ( Quercus ) en essen
{Fraxinus) (Lyneborg 1977: 123). Scheerpelz & Höfler (1948: 225) ontdekten in
1946 in de omgeving van Wenen (Oostenrijk), tijdens hun onderzoek naar
kevers op paddenstoelen, M. quadripustulatus op 2 soorten gaatj eszwammen
(Polyporacea), met name het gewoon elfenbankje ( Trametes versicolor) en de
witte bultzwam ( Trametes gibbosa).

Aan de westrand van Brussel is dit kevertje onlangs gevonden op 2 plaatsen.
Te Vorst ontdekte R. Guinez op 26.11.2007 2 ex. in het Dudenpark onder
schimmelige eikenschors. Op 24. V. 2007 vond ikzelf ook 1 ex. in de Wolfsputten
te Dilbeek. Dit kevertje hield zich verborgen op een dode es onder een
zadelzwam ( Polyporus squamosus). In België komt M. quadripustulatus voor in
alle geschikte biotopen. Uit de datagegevens van het K.B.I.N. (Brussel) blijkt dat
dit insect het hele jaar te vinden is.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 75

2. Mycetophagus atomarius (Fabricius, 1787) (fig. 2)

M. atomarius is kleiner dan de vorige soort, slechts 4 a 4,5 mm. De
grondkleur is zwartbruin. Het halsschild is dicht en krachtig bestippeld met zeer
fijne stipjes tussenin. Dekschilden met fijne puntrijen en een geelrood
vlekkenpatroon: een grote schoudervlek en een golvende dwarsband achter het
midden; daartussen 3 a 6 kleine vlekjes en voor de eindrand nog een rondachtige
vlek (Sauer 1993: 160). Poten en tarsen roestrood. De sprieten van dezelfde
kleur maar de 4 voorlaatste leden zwartachtig; de 5 eindleden matig verdikt; het
eindlid is duidelijk korter dan het 9de en 10de lid samen (Vogt 1967: 194).

Fig. 2. Verspreiding van Mycetophagus atomarius (Fabricius, 1787) in België.

Deze myceliumkever komt algemeen voor op boomzwammen en achter
schors van eiken ( Quercus ), beuken ( Fagus ), linden ( Tilia ) en populieren
( Populus ); soms ook achter dennenschors (. Pinus ) en onder schimmelend
plantenmateriaal (Keer 1930: 550-551). Scheerpeltz & Höfler noteerden M.
atomarius op 3 soorten gaatjeszwammen: de gewone hertenzwam {Pluteus
cervinus), de gerimpelde russula {Russula olivacea) en de platte tonderzwam
(Canoderma lipsiense). Keer (1930: 550-551) noemt ook de

korsthoutskoolzwam ( Hypoxylon deustum).

M. atomarius wordt in Midden-Europa zowat overal aangetroffen (Vogt
1967: 194). In België is dit kevertje vooral te vinden in de omgeving van Brussel
(Zoniënwoud) en ten zuiden van de Maasvallei. Op 30.III.1998 ontdekte R.
Guinez in het Dudenpark te Vorst 3 ex. onder een schimmelige beukenschors.
De exemplaren in de collecties van het K.B.I.N. (Brussel) werden gevangen van
februari tot oktober met maxima in mei.

3. Mycetophagus quadriguttatus Müller, 1881 (fig. 3)

M. quadriguttatus is vrij hoog gewelfd en meet amper 3,5 a 4 mm. Hij
verschilt van de twee vorige soorten door de 4-ledige sprietknots. Het laatste
sprietlid is nauwelijks langer dan het voorlaatste. De grondkleur is donkerbruin.
Sprieten en poten geelbruin. Dekschilden met puntrijen en een gele beharing; in
de achterste helft met een fijne korrelstructuur (Vogt 1967: 194).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 76

Deze myceliumkever leeft in boomzwammen en in schimmelend, vermolmd
hout; ook synantroop in hooi, stro en in levensmiddelen (Vogt 1967: 194). Te
Zeveneken (Oost- Vlaanderen) ving R. Pletinck op 20.V.1974 2 ex. die
afkwamen op de geur van rotte eieren.

Fig. 3. Verspreiding van Mycetophagus quadriguttatus Müller, 1881 in België.

Aan de westrand van Brussel werd op 15. IV. 2007 1 ex. gevangen te Vorst
door R. Guinez. Het insect zat in een UV-val op een terras van de 10de
verdieping van een flatgebouw, zowat 30 m boven de begane grond. In Midden-
Europa komt dit kevertje overal voor maar het is meestal zeldzaam (Vogt 1967:
194). In het K.B.I.N. (Brussel) worden 17 Belgische exemplaren bewaard die
van april tot oktober gevangen werden in 8 lokaliteiten.

Colydiidae

Tot de Colydiidae behoren tal van kleine, langgerekte kevertjes met 10 of 1 1
sprietleden die meestal eindigen met een 2- tot 4-ledige knots. Het is een
vormenrijke familie met een zeer gevarieerde levenswijze. Het halsschild en de
dekschilden zijn soms opvallend gestructureerd. Vele soorten leven onder schors
in vraatgangen van houtkevers (Anobiidae). Andere vindt men in vermolmd
hout, op boomzwammen, onder dode bladeren of tussen korstmossen (Aubert
1971: 90). De Langelandia- en Anommatus- soorten zijn blind en leven
ondergronds van rottende bloembollen en knollen (Vogt 1967: 206, 212). Van
de 25 inlandse soorten zijn er 4 aangetroffen aan de westrand van Brussel. Er
werd al melding gemaakt van Aulonium trisulcum (Geoffroy, 1785), Cerylon
histeroides (Fabricius, 1792) en Cerylon ferrugineum Stephens, 1830 (Troukens
2006: 61-66).

4. Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775) (Gekerfde schorskever) (fig. 4)

In de keverliteratuur van vóór 1990 was Ditoma de algemeen gebruikte
genusnaam voor B. crenata. Dit langgerekte kevertje is 2,6 a 3,5 mm en wordt
gekenmerkt door de 11 -ledige sprieten met de 2-ledige eindknots. De kop is
zwart met een smalle, rode voorrand. Sprieten en poten roestrood; de dijen
donkerder. Halsschild zwart, aan weerskanten met 2 evenwijdige kiellijnen.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 77

Dekschilden parallelzijdig met puntrijen en afwisselende, kielvormige
tussenruimten; roodkleurig, met een zwarte naad en zwarte middenband (Möller,
Grube & Wachmann 2006: 138).

Fig. 4. Verspreiding van Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775) in België.

B. crenata is een van de algemeenste Colydiidae van het Palaearctisch gebied
(Keer 1930: 561). Hij komt voor in lichte bossen en parkgebieden onder losse
schors van geveld loof- en naaldhout waar hij jacht maakt op larven, poppen en
mijten (Möller et al. 2006). Keer (1930: 561) schrijft dat de crenata- larven
vooral achter beukenschors het broedsel eten van de kleine beukenschorskever,
Taphrorychus bicolor Herbst, 1793 (Scolytidae).

In België is B. crenata het hele jaar door te vinden in alle geschikte biotopen.
De imago's overwinteren dikwijls met vele samen. Aan de westrand van Brussel
is dit kevertje vooral aanwezig in de Wolfsputten te Dilbeek. Op 27.111.2007
noteerde ik aldaar 1 ex. onder de schors van een gevelde wilg ( Salix ); op
06. IV. 2007 1 1 ex. onder de schors van een gevelde populier (Populus), samen
met Hololepta plana (Sulzer, 1776) (Histeridae), Glischrochilus quadriguttatus
(Fabricius, 1776) (Nitidulidae), Uleiota planata (Linnaeus, 1761) en Silvanus
unidentatus (Olivier, 1790) (Cucujidae); op 13.V.2008 2 ex. onder de schors van
een eikenstronk ( Quercus ), samen met Paromalus flavicornis (Herbst, 1792) en
Eblisia minor (Rossi, 1792) (Histeridae).

Cucujidae

Cucujidae zijn kleine tot middelgrote kevertjes met een slank en plat lichaam.
De 1 1 -ledige sprieten zijn in de regel snoervormig, soms met verdikte eindleden
of een eindknots. Ze leven meestal onder schors maar ook wel in opgeslagen
voorraden. De meeste soorten zijn carnivoor (Lyneborg 1977: 120). België telt
zowat 30 Cucujidae-soorten. Hiervan zijn er 3 aangetroffen aan de westrand van
Brussel. Er werd eerder al melding gemaakt van Silvanus unidentatus (Olivier,
1790) en Uleiota planata (Linnaeus, 1761) (Troukens 2006a).

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 78

5. Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Surinaamse rijstkever)
(fig- 5)

O. surinamensis is een bruin, langgerekt kevertje van 2,5 a 3,5 mm. De kop
is rimpelig bestippeld. Sprieten snoervormig met 3 verdikte eindleden.
Halsschild dicht bestippeld met 3 lengteribben; aan de zijrand met 6 spitse
tandjes. Dekschilden met verhoogde ribben met daartussen regelmatige
stippelrijen.

Deze kosmopoliet komt algemeen voor in pakhuizen en woningen waar hij
verborgen leeft tussen allerlei granen, rijst, meel, peper, gedroogde vruchten,
zemelen, noten en zelfs tabak (Reclaire 1951: 325). Hij jaagt hoofdzakelijk op
de larven van schadelijk gedierte dat in deze waren voorkomt (Dierl 1987: 82).
Hij zou bijvoorbeeld de rijstkalander, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763)
verdelgen in al zijn ontwikkelingsstadia (Keer 1930: 508).

Fig. 5 Verspreiding van Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) in België.

De Surinaamse rijstkever — ook getande rijstkever genoemd — kan 3 jaar oud
worden. Een wij Ij e legt tijdens haar leven circa 400 eieren. De ontwikkeling van
ei tot imago duurt bij 32°C slechts 25 dagen. Bij temperaturen onder de 18°C
kan de soort zich niet voortplanten (Mourier & Winding 1986: 68). De kever
komt algemeen voor in Midden-Europa en wordt af en toe ook gevonden in de
vrije natuur, o.a. in compost en rottend hooi (Harde & Severa 1982: 1 76).

In België is dit insect vooral bekend van Laag- en Midden-België. Het is
gevonden in alle maanden van het jaar. In Anderlecht is O. surinamensis in 2008
regelmatig aangetroffen in een woning. De kevertjes hadden zich genesteld in
een muurkast met zakjes konijnenvoer en hooi. Ze werden ook op enkele meter
van de muurkast gevonden op muren en op de vloer. De kevertjes zijn heel
beweeglijk en kruipen met gemak door allerlei reten en spleten. Volgens
Mourier & Winding (1986: 68) kunnen de larven zelfs gesloten verpakkingen
doorboren. Op 20. X. 2008 vond ik in een vergeten hoekje van de muurkast 20 ex.
gezellig bij elkaar in een bolletje samengeklitte stofpluisjes. Allemaal
springlevend.

Phegea 38 (2) (01.VI.2010): 79

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

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Dankwoord

Informatie en gegevens voor dit artikel werden mij vriendelijk bezorgd door
Remi Guinez (Vorst-Brussel) en René Pletinck (Hamme, Oost-Vlaanderen).
Voor de verspreidingskaartjes werd vooral gebruik gemaakt van gegevens uit de
collecties van het K.B.I.N. (Brussel). Hiervoor kreeg ik de gewaardeerde hulp
van Wouter Dekoninck en Alain Drumont van het Departement Entomologie.
Hartelijk dank!

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Harde, K. W. & Severa, F. 1982. Thieme's kevergids. — Thieme & Cie, Zutphen.

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Inhoud:

Baugnée, J.-Y. & De Prins, W.: Caloptilia fidella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a

new leafminer to the Belgian fauna 71

Dinca, V.: Notes on the distribution and taxonomical status of the enigmatic

Polia cherrug (Noctuidae) in Dobrogea (south-eastem Romania) 55

Esfandiari, M., Mossadegh, M. S., Shishehbor, P., Mikkola, K. & Hodjat, S. H.:

Four noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) taxa new for the fauna of Iran ..62

Larsen, K.: The genus Clavigesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with description of

two new species 41

Troukens, W.: Nieuwe en interessante vondsten van myceliumkevers,
knotssprietkevers en smalkevers aan de westrand van Brussel (Coleoptera:

Mycetophagidae, Colydiidae & Cucujidae) 74

Wullaert, S.: Coleophora conyzae (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), nieuw voor de
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verantw. uitg.: W. De Prins, Dorpstraat 401B, B-3061 Leefdaal (Belgium) - Tel: +32-2-305.37.32

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