driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de

VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277

Periode: januari - februari - maart 2012 Erkenningsnr. P209674

Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Tervuren), Dr. K. Martens
(Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), W. O. De Prins (Leefdaal).

Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Dorpstraat 401B, B-3061 Leefdaal (Belgium).

willy. deprins@gmail.com. Uitgegeven met de steun van de provincie Antwerpen.

Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1800) - see page 25

Baugnée, J.-Y. & van As, B.: Stigmella magdalenae (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), new to the Belgian

fauna 22

Coutsis, J. G.: Paysandisia archon, new to Paros Island, Greece (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) 25

Groenen, F.: Isophrictis anthemidella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) nieuw voor de Belgische fauna 27

Ghahari, H. & Jussila, R.: A contribution to the knowledge of the Ichneumon wasps (Hymenoptera:

Ichneumonidae) from Guilan Province, Northern Iran 29

Wullaert, S.: Nemapogon wolffiella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), new species for the Belgian fauna 33

De Prins, W. & Jansen, L.: Lampronia rupella, a species new to the Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera:

Prodoxidae) 35

Popovic, M. & Milenkovic, M.: First record of Anthocharis gruneri for Serbia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) 37

Coutsis, J. G.: A comparison between the female genitalia of Gegenes pumilio and those of G.
nostrodamus (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) 39

Stigmella magdalenae (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), new to the Belgian
fauna

Jean-Yves Baugnée & Ben van As

Abstract. Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch, 1950) is mentioned here for the first time from Belgium. On 23 August 2009,
several leaf mines were found on Sorbus aucuparia L. at Arlon (province of Luxembourg), in the military camp Lagland, leg. J.-Y.
Baugnée. On 28 August 2010, five mines were found on Sorbus aucuparia in a second Walloon locality, at Bévercé (province of
Liège), in the valley Trös Marets, leg. B. van As. Information on the biology and the distribution of this species are presented.

Résumé. Stigmella magdalenae (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige
Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch, 1950) est signalé pour la première fois en Belgique. Le 23 aoüt 2009, plusieurs mines ont été
trouvées sur Sorbus aucuparia L. è Arlon (Province de Luxembourg), dans le camp militaire de Lagland, leg. J.-Y. Baugnée. Le 28
aoüt 2010, cinq mines sont observées également sur Sorbus aucuparia dans une seconde localité wallonne, a Bévercé (Province
de Liège), dans la vallée du Trös Marets, leg. B. van As. Les informations relatives è la biologie et a la répartition du papillon sont
résumées.

Samenvatting. Stigmella magdalenae (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), een nieuwe soort voor de Belgische fauna
Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch, 1950) wordt hier voor het eerst gemeld voor België. Op 23 augustus 2009 werden enkele
bladmijnen op Sorbus aucuparia L. gevonden te Arlon (provincie Luxemburg), in het militair kamp Lagland, leg. J.-Y. Baugnée.
Op 28 augustus 2010 werden ook vijf mijnen op wilde lijsterbes waargenomen te Bévercé (provincie Luik) in de vallei van Trös
Marets, leg. B. van As. Details over de levenswijze en de verspreiding van deze kleine vlinder worden gegeven.

Key words: Stigmella magdalenae - Lepidoptera - Nepticulidae - Belgium - Faunistics - Leafminer - Sorbus.

Baugnée J.-Y.: Service Public de Wallonië, Département de l'Etude du Milieu naturel et agricole, Observatoire de la Faune, de la

Flore et des Habitats, Avenue de la Faculté, 22, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. jybaugnee@gmail.com
van As B.: Hovenierstraat, 6, NL-3123 EH Schiedam, The Netherlands. benvanas@gmail.com

Introduction

Stigmella Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) is
one of the largest leafminer moth genera which includes
107 known species in Europe (van Nieukerken 2011a). At
present, 48 species have been recorded from Belgium
(De Prins & Steeman 2011). Like many other leafminer
moths, faunistical knowledge about Belgian Stigmella
species has, for a long time, remained poor, but the
situation has strongly improved in recent years in
response to intensive surveys by the Leaf Miners Group.
In addition, several papers have been published,
including that of van Nieukerken (2006) which provides
many interesting data for 30 species of Stigmella.
However, in regard to neighbouring countries, a number
of additional species are expected, particularly in
Wallonia.

One of these expected species, Stigmella magdalenae
(Klimesch, 1950), has recently been recorded in two
localities from Southern and eastern Belgium. On 23
August 2009 some vacated mines were observed on
Rowan, Sorbus aucuparia L., at Arlon (province of
Luxembourg), in the military camp of Lagland, at the
edge of the Landbruch marshland nature reserve, leg. J.-
Y. Baugnée (figs. 1-2). Later, on 28 August 2010, five
mines were found on Rowan at Bévercé (province of
Liège), in a valley of the river Trös Marets, leg. B. van As.
In both localities, mines of two other moths were also
observed on Rowan, namely Stigmella nylandriella
(Tengström, 1848) and Phyllonorycter sorbi (Frey, 1855).
The identification of the mines was kindly confirmed by
Willem Ellis.

Life cycle and biology

Stigmella magdalenae is a univoltine species. Adults
are very small ochreous moths of 3. 9-4. 6 mm in
wingspan, flying mainly in May-June (Schoorl et al. 1985;
Johansson et al. 1990). The egg is laid at the underside of
the leaf. The green larva occurs from late June to August
and mines mainly Sorbus aucuparia, more rarely other
woody Rosaceae such as Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers.,
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, Cotoneaster integerrimus
Med., Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., and Amelanchier spicata
(Lam.) Koch (Schoorl et al. 1985, Johansson et al. 1990,
see also Ellis 2010 and Pitkin et al. 2011).

The mine is a quite short tortuous corridor with frass
arranged in a narrow central black line, but its shape is
rather variable. The most frequent is like that shown on
fig. 1: a very contorted mine occupying a small area of
the leaflet between two lateral veins (Schoorl et al. 1985,
Johansson et al. 1990, Ellis 2010). It may also resemble
that of Stigmella nylandriella and follow for some
distance the outline of the marginal teeth of the leaflets,
as shown for example, in pictures on British leafminers
(Edmunds 2011). This complicates the specific
identification of the mine. However, the gallery of S.
magdalenae is narrower and shorter than S. nylandriella
and has usually linear frass throughout. In addition, the
larvae of both species are distinct in their chaetotaxy,
particularly on the abdominal segment 10 with three
setae in S. magdalenae and only one in S. nylandriella
(Schoorl et al. 1985). On Malus, the mine of S.
magdalenae can be confused with that of S. desperatella
(Frey, 1856), a species unknown from Belgium, which

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 22

also has green larvae (see Ellis 2010). However, the first
has never been confirmed on apple trees outside
Fennoscandia (E. van Nieukerken in litt. 2011).

In addition to Stigmella magdalenae and S.
nylcmdriella, two other Stigmella species can mine
Rowan: 5. oxyacanthella (Stainton, 1854) which is
widespread in Belgium, and S. sorbi (Stainton, 1861), not
yet found in this country (De Prins & Steeman 2011).

Many other moth species are reported as leafminers
from Sorbus spp. in Europe. They belong mainly to the
families Gracillariidae, Nepticulidae and Coleophoridae
(Hering 1957, Ellis 2010, Pitkin et al. 2011).

Fig. 1. Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch, 1950). Belgium, Luxembourg,
Arlon, 23.viii.2009, mine on Sorbus aucuparia, leg. and photo J.-Y.
Baugnée.

Distribution

Stigmella magdalenae is a European species, which
was previously recorded from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Ukraine (van
Nieukerken 2011a). A distribution map is given by
Schoorl et al. (1985) and a country presence map by van
Nieukerken (2011b).

After Schoorl et al. (1985), it is a northern species
common in Fennoscandia, the British Isles and mountains
of central Europe, but it is rare and very local in the
lowland countries.

Stigmella magdalenae seems rather local in Germany,
where it is only recorded from Bavaria, Baden-
Württemberg, Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia
(Schoorl et al. 1985, Gaedike & Heinicke 1999). For the
British Isles, Emmet (1983, sub S. nylandriella ) indicates
that this species is especially common in the north and
west of Britain and also occurs in western Ireland. For the

latter country, however, the map presented by the
Mothslreland Project (Tyner 2007) has only two Southern
data entries. In France, it is a montane species that is
known from the Ardennes, Alpes and Pyrénées, and to
be also expected in the Massif Central (van Nieukerken et
al. 2006). In the Netherlands, S. magdalenae is regarded
as a quite common species with most records from the
northern half of the country (Corver 2010). Here, mines
can be locally extremely abundant in some years, for
example in forests in the province of Drenthe (Huisman
et al. 2009). The moth is not yet known from the Great-
Duchy of Luxembourg (M. Hellers in litt. 2011).

Fig. 2. Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch, 1950). Belgium, Luxembourg,
Arlon, 23.viii.2009, another mine on Sorbus aucuparia, leg. and photo
J.-Y. Baugnée.

The discovery of Stigmella magdalenae in Belgium
appears not surprising, since it is reported from several
neighbouring countries. The two observations described
here are respectively situated in Lorraine and Haute
Ardenne, in localities with a relatively cold Continental
climate, at 350 and 550 m a.s.l. In the country, the
species is probably rarer than S. nylandriella and
confined to colder stations, in agreement with
indications of the literature, but this requires
confirmation. Due to the size of the tiny adult moth,
research on this species will preferably be conducted in
the summer, by searching for mines on Rowan and other
Rosaceae. The breeding of these mines would be useful
in obtaining adults, which would then definitely confirm
the regional occurrence of S. magdalenae.

Acknowledgments

We would like to specially thank Willem Ellis, Erik van
Nieukerken and Rob Edmunds for their critical reading of
the paper, and Jean Fagot, Marcel Hellers and Chris
Snyers for providing some useful information.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 23

References

Corver S. 2010. Stigmella magdalenae. Microlepidoptera.nl - De kleinere vlinders van Nederland. — www.microlepidoptera.nl [3
January 2011]

De Prins W. & Steeman C. 2011. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera ofBelgium. — www.phegea.org [2 February 2011].

Edmunds R. 2011. British leafminers. — www.leafmines.co.uk [2 February 2011],

Ellis W. 2010. Bladmineerders van Europa / Leafminers ofEurope. — www.bladmineerders.nl [19 December 2010].

Emmet A. M. 1983. Nepticulidae. — In: Fleath, J. (ed.), The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 1: 171-267.
Harley Books.

Gaedike R. & Heinicke W. 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. Entomofauna Germanica 3. —Entomologische
Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft 5: 1-216.

Hering M. 1957. Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa: einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbeckens und der Kanarischen
Inseln. — W. Junk, 's Gravenhage, Hll, 1185 p. + 86 tables.

Fluisman K. J., Koster J. C., Nieukerken E. J. van & Ellis W. 2009. Microlepidoptera in Nederland in 2006. — Entomologische
Berichten, Amsterdam 69(2): 53-65.

Johansson R., Nielsen E. S., Nieukerken, E. J. van & Gustafsson, B. 1990. The Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera) of North-
west Europe. — Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 23(1-2), 739 p.

Lepiforum e.V. 2010. Bestimmungshilfe für die in Europa nachgewiesenen Schmetterlingsarten. — www.lepiforum.de [20 December
2010],

Nieukerken E. J. van 2006. Records of mining Lepidoptera in Belgium with nine species new to the country (Nepticulidae,
Opostegidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae). — Phegea 34(4): 125-144.

Nieukerken E. J. van 2011a. Fauna Europaea: Nepticulidae.- In: Karsholt, O. & Nieukerken, E.J. van (edsj, Lepidoptera, Moths.
Fauna Europaea, version 2.4 — www.faunaeur.org [22 February 2011].

Nieukerken E. J. van 2011b. Nepticulidae and Opostegidae of the World. — www.nepticuloidea.info [5 February 2011],

Nieukerken E. J. van, Lastüvka A. & Lastüvka Z. 2006. The Nepticulidae and Opostegidae of mainland France and Corsica: an
annotated catalogue (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea). — Zootaxa 1216: 1-114.

Pitkin B., Ellis W., Plant C. & Edmunds R. 2011. Leaf and stem mines of British flies and other insects. The Natural History Museum.
— www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/project/british-insect-mines [10 February 2011],

Schoorl J. W., Nieukerken E. J. van & Wilkinson C. 1985. The Stigmella oxyacanthella species-group in Europe (Nepticulidae:
Lepidoptera). — Systematic Entomology 10: 65-103.

Tyner A. 2007. Mothslreland Project. — www.mothsireland.com/index.htm [9 January 2011]

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 24

Paysandisia archon, new to Paros Island, Greece (Lepidoptera:
Castniidae)

John G. Coutsis

Abstract. The S American Castniid moth Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1800), which was accidentally introduced to
several S European localities, is now also being recorded for the first time from the Greek island of Paros. This record is the first
ever published for Greece as a whole by a lepidopterological journal, all past Greek records having been either in the form of
announcements in the local press, or having been included in a doctorate thesis.

Samenvatting. Paysandisia archon, nieuw voor Paros eiland, Griekenland (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

De Zuid-Amerikaanse mot Paysandisia archon, die toevallig ingevoerd werd in enkele Zuid-Europese lokaliteiten, wordt hier
voor het eerst van het Griekse eiland Paros vermeld en daarmee tevens voor heel Griekenland in een entomologisch tijdschrift.
De overige meldingen bestonden uit lokale krantenartikels in het Grieks of een melding in een doctoraatsthesis.

Résumé. Paysandisia archon, espèce nouvelle pour l'Tle grecque de Paros (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

L'espèce sud-américaine, Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1800), est mentionnée ici de l'Tle grecque de Paros et ainsi également
pour la totalité de la Grèce, puisque les autres mentions étaient publiées seulement dans des journaux locaux en grec et dans
une thèse doctorale.

Key words: Castniidae - Paysandisia archon - Greece - Paros Island - Accidental introduction.

Coutsis J. G.: 4 Glykonos Street, GR-10675 Athens, Greece. kouts@otenet.gr

Introduction

Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1800), a South
American moth belonging to the family Castniidae and
inhabiting Brazil, NW Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay,
was accidentally introduced to Europe in the years
between 1985 and 1995 as a direct result of the
importation of infested palm trees, the moth's only
known larval food-plant. Colonies were eventually
established in mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands,
France, mainland Italy and Sicily (Leraut 2006). In some
areas, especially in Spain, the moth has reached pest
proportions, and attempts are being made to eradicate
it.

in Greek language and none of it was ever published in
entomological journals, remaining unknown to the
lepidopterological community. It thus appeared desirable
to remedy this situation by producing the present paper.

Fig. 2. Map of Paros Island.

The first record of the species for Greece (Fanourakis
& Reppas 2008 [Thesis]) dates back to 2006, and refers
to the islands of Kri'ti (Crete) and Ródos (Rhodes), while
further Greek records, appearing as articles in local
newspapers, include also the island of Hfos (Chios).
Unfortunately all information relating to Greece is given

Fig. 3. Male Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1800), Greece, Paros
Island, Voutakos, sea level, 15-18.vii.2010. Scale bar 1 cm.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 25

New Greek record

On 15th to 18th July 2010, while on the Aegean island
of Paros (Figs 1 & 2), a seaside locality was visited that
supports vineyards as well as a large number of planted
palm trees, the latter representing at least three
separate species. In the morning of 16th July a large
moth was accidentally flushed from oleander bushes,
which in flight was somewhat reminiscent of Theretra
alecto (Linnaeus, 1758), a Spingid common to the island,
but in colour and silhouette appeared different. When it
finally settled it was realized that it was the Castniid P.
archon. Five specimens were recorded in all, one male of
which was captured (Fig. 3).

Discussion

The number of specimens recorded clearly suggests
that the moths were members of an established colony.
The island's ample supply of palm trees and its mild

climate, both should act positively in keeping the colony
alive and allowing it to spread, if indeed the latter has
not already taken place. The introduction of P. archon to
Paros Island must be attributed to the massive
importation of palm trees, which have become of late
one of the most favoured of garden plants. The fast
spreading of the moth in Europe and its parallel
establishment in parts of N Africa and the Middle East,
suggest that the road is open for it to spread in full in the
Asiatic and African continents, wherever the climate
permits and the larval food-plant is available.

Acknowledgements

I wish to express my thanks to Mr. and Mrs. John
Zepos of Athens, Greece, for their kindness and
hospitality in letting me stay at their summer house in
Paros Island, as well as for their capacity to endure
without a single sign of displeasure my often annoying
coilecting habits.

References

Fanourakis G. & Reppas G. 2008. Ta VEoeiaayópEva évropa tiov cfioiviKOEiSajv Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Kat Paysandisia archon
arr|v x^pa paq. — Thesis.

Leraut P. 2006. Moths of Europe. — N.A.P. Editions, France. Vol. 1, Text: 387 pp. (numbered); index: 6 pp. (unnumbered);
references and contacts: 2 pp. (unnumbered).

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 26

Isophrictis anthemidella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) nieuw voor de
Belgische fauna

F. Groenen

Samenvatting. Op 19 juni 2011 werden enkele exemplaren van Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) verzameld in de
omgeving van Lommel (prov. Limburg). De soort wordt hier voor het eerst voor de Belgische fauna vermeld. De biologie en
verspreiding worden kort besproken.

Abstract. Isophrictis anthemidella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), new for the Belgian fauna
On 19 June 2011, some specimens of Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) were caught in the neighbourhood of Lomme
(Province of Limburg). This is the first record of this species for the Belgian fauna. Details on its biology and distribution are
presented.

Résumé. Isophrictis anthemidella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige
Le 19 juin 2011, quelques exemplaires d' Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) ont été capturés dans les environs de Lommel
(Province du Limbourg). II s'agit de la première mention de cette espèce pour la faune beige. Des informations concernant la
biologie et la répartition sont données.

Key words: Isophrictis anthemidella - Faunistics - New record - Belgium.

Groenen F.: Dorpstraat 171, NL-5575 AG Luyksgestel, Netherlands. groene.eyken@chello.nl

Inleiding

In het weekeinde van 17, 18 en 19 juni 2011 werd
door de Projectgroep Levend Zand het tweede
Biodiversiteitsweekeinde in de omgeving van Lommel
georganiseerd. Tijdens dit weekeinde is de flora en fauna
van een aantal terreinen geïnventariseerd. De terreinen
die opengesteld werden zijn de Blekerheide, Riebos,
voormalig Stort, Balimgronden, Kristallijn/ Maatheide en
het Waaltjesbos. Ondanks de regenachtige weersom-
standigheden en de lage temperaturen zijn in het
weekeinde tot op heden 848 soorten gedetermineerde
soorten waargenomen (www.waarnemingen.be).

Door de auteur is voor de eerste keer, speciaal voor
het inventariseren van microvlinders, deelgenomen aan
dit weekeinde. Op zondag 19 juni 2011 is het terrein het
voormalig Stort, gelegen tussen de afgraving de Sahara
en het industrieterrein Maatheide, geïnventariseerd.
Tijdens deze dagexcursie zijn drie exemplaren, 2$ en 1^,
van Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) (fig. 1, 2)
gevangen. De soort wordt hier als nieuw voor de
Belgische fauna gemeld.

Kenmerken

Isophrictis anthemidella is op uiterlijk niet te
onderscheiden van I. striatella ([Denis & Schiffermüller],
1775). Onderscheid kan enkel gemaakt worden door
genitaal onderzoek. Kenmerkend voor het mannelijk
genitaal van I. anthemidella is de vorm van de aedeagus,
waarbij het apicale deel even lang is als het basale deel
en de vorm van de cucullus (zie fig. 3, 4). In I. striatella is
het apicale deel van de aedeagus korter dan het basale
gedeelte. Het vrouwelijk genitaal verschilt in de
sclerotisatie van de ductus bursae. In I. anthemidella is
de ductus bursae sterk gesclerotiseerd (zie fig. 5), in /.
striatella is alleen het basale gedeelte gesclerotiseerd. In
Huisman et al. (2007) zijn de verschillen tussen de beide
soorten nader beschreven.

Biologie

De rups van I. anthemidella is in Nederland nog niet
gevonden, maar kan mogelijk worden aangetroffen op
wilde bertram (Achillea ptarmica) en gele kamille
(Anthemis tinctoria). Beide plantensoorten zijn tot op
heden niet op 't Stort waargenomen
(www.waarnemingen.be ). De vlinders zijn verzameld op
een kleine verhoging in het terrein begroeid met diverse
kruidachtigen waaronder o.a. kamille (Matricaria sp.),
Akkerdistel (Cirsium arvense), Zwarte toorts (Verbascum
nigrum), Smalbadig kruiskruid ( Senecio erucifolius) en
grassen. De rups van I. striatella leeft op Boerenworm-
kruid (Tanacetum vulgare) (Elsner et al. 1999), maar ook
op wilde bertram (Achillea ptarmica) (Corver 2011).

Over de vliegtijden van beide soorten bestaat enige
verwarring. In de literatuur worden vliegtijden voor /.
anthemidella gemeld van mei tot augustus, juni en juli-
augustus. De vliegtijd voor I. striatella is van juni-
augustus (Huisman et al. 2007). Waarnemingen uit
Nederland van I. anthemidella zijn bekend van juli en
augustus, in België van juni.

Verspreiding

Uit Nederland is de soort in 2001, 2004 en 2006
gevangen te Schinveld, provincie Limburg door A.
Schreurs (Huisman et al. 2007). In Noord-Brabant is de
soort waargenomen in het herinrichtingsgebied van de
Kleine Beerze te Hoogeloon, Provincie Noord-Brabant
Nederland. De meest nabijgelegen vindplaatsen in
Duitsland liggen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Gezien de
ligging van de vindplaatsen in Nederland was de soort in
de Belgische Kempen te verwachten.

Isophrictis anthemidella is in de Belgische en
Nederlandse Kempen gevangen op terreinen met
pioniersvegetaties. Het herinrichtingsgebied de Kleine
Beerze is enkele jaren geleden heringericht door
opnieuw laten meanderen van de beek en het afgraven

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 27

van de toplaag van aanliggende percelen. Op 't Stort te
Lommel zijn, door het droge biotoop, eveneens
pioniersvegetaties aanwezig.

Fig. 1.- Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) <$, Lommel (België,
Limburg), 19. vi. 2011, leg. F. Groenen.

\

Fig. 2 - Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871) $, Lommel (België,
Limburg), 19.vi.2011, leg. F. Groenen.

Fig. 3-4 - Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871), mannelijke genitalia, gen. prep. FG2124; Fig. 5 - Vrouwelijke genitalia, gen. prep. FG2126.

Dankwoord

Willy de Prins, Leefdaal en Toon Jansen, Lommel,
wil ik bedanken voor hun hulp bij het samenstellen van
dit artikel.

Literatuur

Corver S. C. 2011. Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871). — www.microlepidoptera.nl

Elsner G. P., Huemer P. & Tokar Z. 1999. Die Palpenmotten (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Mitteleuropas. — Slamka, Bratislava, 208 pp.
Huisman K. J., Koster J. C., van Nieukerken E. J. & Ellis W. N.. 2007. Microlepidoptera in Nederland in 2005.— Entomologische
Berichten, Amsterdam 67(1-2): 34-47.
www.waarnemingen.be

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 28

A contribution to the knowledge of the Ichneumon wasps
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Guilan Province, Northern Iran

Hassan Ghahari & ReijoJussila

Abstract. In a total of 28 ichneumonid species from 22 genera and 6 subfamilies (Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae,
Pimplinae, Rhyssinae and Tryphoninae) were collected from Guilan province, northern Iran. Of these, one species Schizopyga
podagrica Gravenhorst is new record for Iran.

Samenvatting. Een bijdrage tot de kennis van de Ichenomindae (Hymenoptera) van de provincie Guilan, Noord-lran
In het totaal werden 28 soorten Ichneumonidae behorend tot 22 genera en 6 subfamilies (Cremastinae, Cryptinae,
Ichneumoninae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae en Tryphoninae) verzameld in de provincie Guilan, Noord-lran. Schizopyga podagrica
Gravenhorst is nieuw voor Iran.

Résumé. Contribution a la connaissance des Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) de la province de Guilan, Iran septentrional
Au total 28 espèces d'lchneumonidae furent capturées dans la province de Guilan, Iran septentrional, appartenant a 22 genres
et 6 sous-familles (Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae et Tryphoninae). Schizopyga podagrica
Gravenhorst est mentionné ici pour la première fois d'lran.

Keywords: Ichneumonidae - Fauna - Faunistics - Guilan Province - Iran.

Ghahari H.: Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
hghahari@yahoo.com

Jussila R.: Zoological Museum, Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, FI-20014 University
of Turku, Finland.

Introduction

The Ichneumonidae are one of the most species-rich
families of all organisms with an estimated 60,000
species in the world (Townes 1969). According to Gauld
(1991) many authorities regard this figure as an
underestimate. An estimated 12,100 species of
Ichneumonidae occur in the Afrotropical region, of which
only 1,815 had been described by 1973 (Townes and
Townes 1973). Subsequently the single major revision of
Afrotropical ichneumonids added a further 70 species of
Ophioninae (Gauld and Mitchell 1978), with the result
that only an estimated 15% of the Afrotropical
ichneumonids are known to Science. The ichneumonid
fauna of Iran is rather poorly known (Kolarov and
Ghahari 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008; Ghahari et al. 2010).
The Ichneumonidae, along with other groups of parasitic
Hymenoptera, are purported to be no more species rich
in the tropics than in the Northern Hemisphere
temperate regions (Owen and Owen 1974, Janzen 1981,
Janzen and Pond 1975), although a number of
hymenopteran families, for example the Chalcididae
(Hespenheide 1979) and Encyrtidae (Noyes 1989b)
exhibit an increase in species richness with a decrease in
latitude. Other hymenopteran taxa such as sawflies
(Symphyta), gall-forming Cynipidae, and bees (Apoidea)
peak in species richness at mid- or high latitudes
(Michener 1979; Noyes 1989b; Kouki et al. 1994).
Considerable debate has centered on the apparent
species richness anomaly exhibited by a number of
hymenopteran parasitoid taxa in the tropics (e.g.
Morrison et al. 1978, Gauld 1991, Gauld and Gaston
1994).

The family Ichneumonidae is currently split into 37
subfamilies, of which 24 have been recorded from the

Afrotropical region (Yu 1998). Ichneumonids utilise a
diverse array of insects and arachnids as their hosts and
play an essential role in the normal functioning of most
ecosystems, underlining the need to inventory their
diversity. Comprehensive, quantitative, biodiversity
surveys will enable the identification of hotspots of
species richness and endemism. This essential base line
data will enable informed conservation management
decisions.

The objective of this research is determining of
ichneumonids' fauna in Guilan province, northern Iran
(Fig. 1). Guilan is one of the provinces of Iran. It lies along
the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of
Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the
provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. At the center of the
province is the main city of Rasht. Other towns in the
province include Astara, Astaneh-Ashrafieh, Fooman,
Lahijan, Langrood, Masouleh, Manjil, Roodbar, Roodsar,
Shaft, Talesh, and Some'e Sara. Guilan has a humid
temperate climate with plenty of annual rainfall. The city
Rasht which is the center of the province is well-known
globally as the "City of Silver Rains" and also known as
the "City of Rain" around Iran. The Alborz range provides
further diversity to the land in addition to the Caspian
coasts. The amount of humidity is truly high in the warm
seasons of the year in Guilan, however the coastlines are
much cooler and pleasant at the same time and
thousands of domestic and foreign tourists come to the
seashore for swimming and camping. Despite of the
abundant humidity, Guilan is known for its moderate,
mild and Mediterranean-like climate. Large parts of the
province are mountainous, green and forested. The
Coastal plain along the Caspian Sea is similar to that of
Mazandaran, mainly used for rice paddies.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 29

Materials and Methods

Results

The Ichneumonidae were sampled using Malaise
traps, yellow pan traps, sweep netting and hand
collecting at each of the sampled regions on Guilan
province. In some station a yellow plastic bowl (165 mm
diameter 40 mm depth) was placed on the forest floor
and charged with propylene glycol. These yellow pan
traps were left for 5 days and serviced at the end of this
period, with each station being retained as a separate
sample. Four Malaise traps were deployed at each region
and serviced each day for a period of seven days. The
Malaise traps were constructed to the specifications of
the Townes design (Townes 1972), and made with a fine-
meshed netting (grid size 0.2 mm), with black walls and a
white roof. The collection of these samples was spaced
over a period of 5 days at each region. Each sweep was
conducted in previously unsampled vegetation. The
sweep net used for sampling was based on the design of
Noyes (1982), with an opening area of ca. 1300 cm2, and
a collecting bag constructed from fine-meshed netting
with a grid size of 0.2 mm. Also, the information
concerning the species' name, describer, locality and the
date of collection, place which the material was collected
and the altitude (in brackets) was also given. The
collected specimens by the first author and some other
Iranian researchers were confirmed by Dr. J. Sedivy
(Research Institute for Crop Protection, Praha, Czech
Republic) and by the second author, and they are
preserved in his collection. Classification, nomenclature
and distributional data of Ichneumonidae suggested by
Yu et al. (2005) and Kasparyan (1981a, b) have been
followed.

Fig. 1.- Guilan province with its cities [A: Astara, AA: Astaneh-Ashrafieh,
BA: Bandar-Anzali, F: Fooman, H: Flashtpar, Lh: Lahijan, Lr: Langrood, R:
Rasht (Center of province), Rs: Roodsar, Rb: Roodbar, S: Some'e Sara,
Sh: Shaft, M: Masal],

Totally 28 ichneumonid species from 22 genera and 6
subfamilies were collected from Guilan province. The list
of species with distributional data is given below.

Subfamily Cremastinae
Cremastus pungens Gravenhorst, 1829
Material: Talesh (77 m), 3:ɧ September 2007.
General distribution: Europe, Turkey, Mongolia and
Siberia.

Temelucha caudata (Szépligeti, 1899)

Material: Astara (-8 m), 1$, September 2007. General
distribution: Middle and South Europe and Turkey.
Temelucha discoidalis (Szépligeti, 1899)

Material: Astara (-19 m), 1$, September 2007.
General distribution: Europe and Turkey.

Temelucha tricolorata Sedivy, 1968
Material: Bandar-Anzali (-15 m), 2$, July 2007.
General distribution: Canary Islands, Turkey and

Afghanistan.

Subfamily Cryptinae

Agrothereutes fumipennis (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Material: Rasht (39 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution: Palaearctic region.

Aritranis longicauda (Kriechbaumer, 1873)

Material: Roodsar (9 m), July 2007. Langrood (16 m),
2<3', September 2006. General distribution: Europe and
Algeria.

Gambrus incubitor (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material: Masal (70 m), lS, July 2007. General
distribution: Palaearctic and Ethiopian region

Hoplocryptus quadriguttatus (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Material: Some'e Sara (25 m), 1<$, September 2006.
General distribution: Europe and Turkey.

Ischnus migrator (Fabricius, 1775)

Material: Astara (-19 m), 1$, September 2007.
General distribution: Palaearctic region.

Mesostenus albinotatus Gravenhorst, 1829
Material: Rasht (127 m), 2$, August 2008. General
distribution: Holarctic region.

Mesostenus transfuga Gravenhorst, 1829
Material: Roodbar (213 m), 1$, July 2007.
General distribution: Western Palaearctic region.
Stenarella domator (Poda, 1761)

Material: Roodsar (2 m), 1$, June 2007. General
distribution: Western Palaearctic region.

Trychosis neglecta (Tschek, 1871)

Material: Rasht (39 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution: Europe and Turkey.

Trychosis priesneri Rossem, 1971
Material: Langrood (16 m), 1<$, September 2006.
General distribution: France, Switzerland, Austria,

Poland, Former Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey.

Subfamily Ichneumoninae

Barichneumon incubitor Zetterstedt var. caucasica,
1893

Material: Fooman (34 m), August 2008. General
distribution: Azerbayjan.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 30

Thyraeella collaris Gravenhorst, 1889
Material: Astara (-19 m), 2$, September 2007 ex
Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Plutellidae). General
distribution: Central Asia (Turkmenia), Southwest Asia,
West Europe, the Canary Islands.

Phaeogenes ophthalmicus Wesmael, 1844
Material: Rasht (127 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution:

Protichneumon pisorius Linnaeus, 1903
Material: Lahijan (12 m), 2$, July 2007. General
distribution: Kazakhstan, Siberia, Western Europe,

Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan (13).

Subfamily Pimplinae

Exeristes arundinis (Kriechbaumer, 1887)

Material: Fooman (34 m), 1$, August 2008. Astaneh-
Ashrafieh (-27 m), 1$, September 2006. General
distribution: Middle and South Europe, Latvia,

Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia and Pacific Cost of
Russia.

Schizopyga podagrica Gravenhorst, 1829
Material: Rasht (39 m), 2$, August 2008. New record
for Iran. General distribution: Palaearctic.

Subfamily Rhyssinae
Rhyssa amoena Gravenhorst, 1829
Material: Roodsar (2 m), 2$, July 2007. Lahijan (12
m), ld71, 1^, June 2007. General distribution: R. amoena
has a European and eastern Palaearctic distribution.
Megarhyssa superba (Schrank, 1781)

Material: Talesh (77 m), 1<$, 1$, September 2007.
General distribution: European and eastern Palaearctic
distribution.

Subfamily Tryphoninae

Cosmoconus ( Cosmoconus ) elongator (Fabricius,
1775)

Material: Bandar-Anzali (-15 m), ld', June 2007.
General distribution: Palaearctic region.

Tryphon (Tryphon) thomsoni Roman, 1939
Material: Some'e Sara (25 m), ld, 1$, September
2006. Lahijan (12 m), 1$, June 2007. Rasht (76 m), 2d,
August 2008. General distribution: Europe, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Turkey, Armenia, Israël, Tajikistan and Siberia.

Tryphon ( Symboethus ) brunniventris Gravenhorst,
1829

Material: Rasht (76 m), ld, August 2008. General
distribution: Palaearctic region.

Ctenochira haemosterna (Haliday, 1839)

Material: Fooman (34 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution: Holarctic region.

Erromenus analis Brischke, 1871
Material: Roodsar (9 m), 2$, June 2007. General
distribution: Holarctic region.

Erromenus punctulatus Holmgren, 1857
Material: Rasht (76 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution: Holarctic region.

Discussion

The results of this research indicated that the fauna
of ichneumonids in Guilan province is very diverse. The

sampling sites were located at minimum -27 m and
maximum 127 m altitudes. In this study we collect only
the adult wasps by different methods while determining
of their hosts is necessary and can be a research project
for other researchers. In this case collecting the larvae
and pupae of different pests, especially Lepidoptera, and
rearing them in optimum condition is the main method.

Of the four methods deployed to collect ichneumonid
wasps, sweeping was the most efficiënt in terms of
procured species richness and abundance, followed by
Malaise trapping; yellow pan trapping was extremely
inefficiënt, and was superseded by hand collecting.
Smoothed, species-accumulation curves showed that
sweeping was the most efficiënt method in procuring
species per sampling effort followed by hand collecting,
Malaise trapping and lastly yellow pan trapping.
Conversely, plotting cumulative species against
abundance showed that all four methods were similarly
efficiënt in returning species per number of specimens
captured. Malaise trapping and hand collecting slightly
superseded sweeping and yellow pan trapping. Species
richness estimators indicated that the deployed sampling
methods procured between 19 and 38% of expected
species richness (Noort 2004). Malaise traps are a form
of flight interception trap which are generally considered
to be the best means of obtaining large, general samples
of Ichneumonidae from most habitats (Fitton et al.
1988), and which have been used extensively for this
purpose (Owen & Owen 1974, Noyes 1989a, b, Bartlett
et al. 1999, Sperber et al. 2004). These traps sample the
field-herb layer and only provide data on assemblages
using or flying through this part of the woodland. The
trap operates continuously and may be left unattended
(Fitton et al. 1988) therefore allowing the collection of
multiple samples over the same time period (Mayhew et
al. 2009).

There was considerable variation in species'
abundance and occupancy in our collections. Our
previous analyses of the collections have shown that
species that were collected from only a few sites or traps
tended to be found in low abundance there, such that
rare species (in our samples) tend to be rare in both
senses (see Fraser et al. 2008). This is a small-scale
illustration of the more widely known phenomenon of
extinction-risk double-jeopardy whereby low abundance
and restricted distributions can make species vulnerable
to extinction from different sources of threat (Gaston
1999). Parasitoid wasps are already expected to be
especially vulnerable to extinction due to their host
specificity and high trophic status (Shaw & Hochberg
2001), and the double-rarity indicated in our data may
add to this vulnerability. However, rarity in our catch
might not necessarily mean that species are rare more
generally: they might not be effectively sampled by
Malaise traps, or might have peak flight seasons outside
our sample period (Mayhew et al. 2009).

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Dr. J. Sedivy (Research
Institute for Crop Protection, Praha, Czech Republic), Dr.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 31

D. R. Kasparyan (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Dr. T. for editing the manuscript. The research was supported

Finlayson (Burnaby BC V3J 7E3, Canada) for identification by the Islamic Azad University and the University of

of some specimens and sending the necessary resources. Turku, Finland.

We are also thanks to Dr. K. Holy of the Czech Republic

References

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the Identification ofBritish Insects 7, Part 1. Royal Entomological Society, London, 110 pp.

Fraser S. E. M., Dytham C. & Mayhew P. J. 2008. Patterns in the abundance and distribution of ichneumonid parasitoids within and
across habitat patches. — Ecological Entomology 33: 473-483.

Gaston K. J. 1999. Implications of interspecific and intraspecific abundance-occupancy relationships. — Oikos 86: 195-207.

Gauld I. D. 1991. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Introductions, keys to subfamilies, and keys to the species of the lower
pimpliform subfamilies Rhyssinae, Pimplinae, Poemeniinae, Acaenitinae and Cyllocerinae. — Memoirs of the American
Entomological Institute 47: 1-577.

Gauld I. D. & Gaston K. J. 1995. The Costa Rican Hymenoptera fauna. - In: Hanson, P. & Gauld, I. D. (eds.). The Hymenoptera of
Costa Rica. — Oxford University Press, chapter pagination: 13-19.

Gauld I. D. & Mitchell P. A. 1978. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily
Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). — Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Slough, 287 pp.

Ghahari H., Jussila R., Kolarov J. & Sedivy J. 2010. A contribution to the ichneumon wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from the
forests of northern Iran. — Munis Entomology & Zoology 5 (1): 85-89.

Hespenheider H. A. 1979. Are there fewer parasitoids in the tropics? — American Nature 113: 766-769.

Janzen D. H. & Pond C. M. 1975. A comparison, by sweep sampling, of the arthropod fauna of secondary vegetation in Michigan,
England and Costa Rica. — Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 127: 33-50.

Janzen D. H. 1981. The peak in North American ichneumonid richness lies between 38° and 42°N. — Ecology 62: 532-537.

Kasparyan D. R. 1981a. Key of insects of European part of USSR, vol. III. Part III. — Nauka. Leningrad.

Kasparyan D. R. 1981b. Opredelitel Nasekomich Europeiskoy Casti U.S.S.R. III. part 3. Pereponchato-krylye. Opredelitel Fauny SSSR.
Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 688 pp. [In Russian],

Kolarov J. & Ghahari H. 2005. A catalogue of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Iran. — Linzer Biologische Beitrage 37(1): 503-
532.

Kolarov J. & Ghahari H. 2006. A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera): I. Pimplinae and Tryphoninae. — Journal of
Zoology in the Middle East 38: 69-72.

Kolarov J. & Ghahari H. 2007. A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera ): II. Brachycyrtinae and Cryptinae. — Journal of
Zoology in the Middle East 42: 79-82.

Kolarov J. & Ghahari H. 2008. A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). III. Ichneumoninae. — Acta Entomologica
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Kouki J. P., Niemela P. & Viitasaari M. 1994. Reversed latitudinal gradiënt in species richness of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta).
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Mayhew P. J., Dytham C., Shaw M. R. & Fraser S. E. M. 2009. Collections of ichneumonid wasps (Subfamilies Diacritinae,
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Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 32

Nemapogon wolffiella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), new species for the
Belgian fauna

Steve Wullaert

Abstract. On 29 May 2010 a specimen of Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976 was caught at Ploegsteert
(Belgium, Prov. of Hainaut). The Identification was confirmed by dissection of the genitalia. This is the first record of this species
for the Belgian fauna. Details on its biology and distribution are presented.

Samenvatting. Nemapogon wolffiella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
Op 29 mei 2010 werd tijdens de 1000-soortendag met de Bladmijnenwerkgroep te Ploegsteert (Prov. Henegouwen)
deelgenomen aan een grootschalige inventarisatie om zoveel mogelijk soorten te noteren. Overdag werd naar bladmijnen
gezocht en 's nachts werden vlindervallen uitgezet waarin één exemplaar Nemapogon werd aangetroffen. Na genitaalcontrole
is met zekerheid aangetoond dat het om Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976 gaat. Deze soort wordt hier voor het
eerst uit België vermeld. Details over de biologie en verspreiding worden meegedeeld.

Résumé. Nemapogon wolffiella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige
Le 29 mai 2010, un exemplaire de Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976 a été trouvé dans un piège lumineux a
Ploegsteert (Province du Hainaut). La détermination fut confirmée par une préparation des genitalia. Cest la première fois que
cette espèce est mentionnée pour la faune beige. Des informations sur sa biologie et sa répartition sont données.

Key words: Nemapogon wolffiella - Faunistics - First record - Belgium.

Wullaert S.: Vaartstraat 18, B-8710 Wielsbeke, Belgium. sw.demijnen@gmail.com

Introduction

On 29 May 2010 the leaf mining group participated in
the 1000-species-day at Ploegsteert (province of
Hainaut). Many naturalists searched for different trees,
plants, birds, butterflies and other living species. All
species were noted and listed in a central computer in
the hope to reach 1000 species that day. Sunday 30 May
the counter stopped at 744 species, but one of the
recorded species turned out to be a new species for the
Belgium fauna: Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen,
1976, caught in one of the light-traps. This species has
some resemblance with Nemapogon cloacella and N.
granella, and it is advisable to check the genitalia in
order to obtain a identification.

Fig. 1. Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976, male genitalia,
prep. & photo Jurate De Prins.

Fig. 2. Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976. Ploegsteert,
(Belgium, Hainaut), 29.V.2010, leg. S. Wullaert (Photo Jurate De Prins).

Fig. 3. Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976. Ploegsteert,
(Belgium, Hainaut), 29.V.2010, leg. & photo S. Wullaert .

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 33

Description

The species has a wingspan of 10 to 14mm. The head
is pale ochreous and has some darker hairs at the sides
and on the crown. The antenna of the male are slightly
pubescent and subserrate. The forewing is dark brown
with several prominent white spots which can vary in size
and position. The fringe has five white bars between the
costal cilia and tornus. The hindwing is dark fuscous.
Nemapogon cloacella and N. granella are very similar to
N. wolffiella but the ground colour of N. wolffiella is
darkened to such an extent that the dark markings
corresponding to those other species are scarcely visible.
When the male genitalia are checked the shape of the
gnathos arms distinguishes it from the other Nemapogon
species (Heath 1985).

Biology

On the continent there are two generations flying in
May and June and again in July and August. Heath writes
that in Great Britain and Ireland the species occurs only
in June and July and therefore it is presumably univoltine
over there. The adults are active during late afternoon
and at dusk. They come to light. The larva is undescribed

but moths were bred from bracket fungi and from rotten
wood (Heath 1985).

Distribution

The butterflies can be found in Austria, British Isles,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland,
Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary,
Italian mainland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norwegian
mainland, Poland, Russia Northwest, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, and The Netherlands (Karsholt & van
Nieukerken 2010). In The Netherlands the species was
discovered in the year 1986 in the Province Limburg
(Kuchlein 1993). From that year on Nemapogon wolffiella
is being reported in about 13 different places in The
Netherlands (microlepidoptera.nl 2010).

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Willy and Jurate de Prins for controlling the
genitalia of Nemapogon wolffiella. To Chris Snyers and
Dries De Vreeze for accompanying me on both trips and
to Christophe Gruwier for giving us the opportunity to
make observations at Ploegsteert.

References

Heath J. 1983. The moths and butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland Volll Cossidae - Heliodinidae. — Harley books, Essex, 460 p.
Karsholt O. & van Nieukerken E. J. 2004. Fauna Europaea, Tineidae. - In: Karsholt, O. & van Nieukerken, E. J. (eds.) Lepidoptera,
Moths, Fauna Europaea version 1.3, www.faunaeur.org (visited 10 November 2010).

Waarnemingen.nl [visited 10 November 2010].

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 34

Lampronia rupella, a species new to the Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera:
Prodoxidae)

Willy De Prins & Ludwig Jansen

Abstract. A small series of Lampronia rupella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) was caught at Malempré (prov. of
Luxembourg) on 29 May 1990, leg. W. Hogenes and deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam (now at
Naturalis, Leiden). On 5 June 2011, a specimen was photographed by the second author at Ovifat (prov. of Liège). This species is
mentioned here for the first time from Belgium and information on its distribution in Europe and biology is presented.

Samenvatting. Lampronia rupella, een nieuwe soort voor de Belgische fauna (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae)

Enkele exemplaren Lampronia rupella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) werden verzameld te Malempré (prov. Luxemburg) op
29 mei 1990, leg. W. Hogenes, coll. Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam. Op 5 juni 2011 werd door de tweede auteur een
exemplaar gefotografeerd te Ovifat (prov. Liège). Deze soort wordt hier voor het eerst uit België vermeld en informatie over
haar verspreiding in Europa en biologie wordt gegeven.

Résumé. Lampronia rupella, espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae)

Quelques exemplaires de Lampronia rupella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) ont été capturés è Malempré (Province de
Luxembourg) Ie 29 mai 1990, leg. W. Hogenes, coll. Musée zoologique, Amsterdam (maintenant a Naturalis, Leiden). Le 5 juin
2011, un exemplaire fut photographié par le second auteur a Ovifat (Province de Liège). Cette espèce est mentionnée ici pour la
première fois de la faune beige et des informations sur la répartition en Europe et la biologie sont données.

Key words: Lampronia rupella - Prodoxidae -- Belgium - Faunistics - First record.

De Prins W.: Dorpstraat 401B, B-3001 Leefdaal, Belgium. willy.deprins@gmail.com
Jansen L.: Tenderlo 43, B-2490 Balen, Belgium. jansen.ludwig@telenet.be

Introduction

A small series of Lampronia rupella ([Denis &
Schiffermüller], 1775) (fig. 1) was caught at Malempré
(Belgium, Prov. of Luxembourg) on 29.V.1990, leg. W.
Hogenes, coll. Zoological Museum, Amsterdam (presently
in Naturalis, Leiden). More recently, on 05.vi.2011, a
specimen was photographed at Ovifat (Prov. of Liège)
(fig. 2) in a valley with high herbs and shrubs (leg. L.
Jansen). This species has never been mentioned before
from the Belgian fauna (De Prins 1998, De Prins &
Steeman 2003-2011). Wingspan 13-17 mm, head rusty
yellow, forewing dark brown with purplish sheen and
four pale yellow spots; a dorsal spot near the base at a
positive angle, one at tornus, and two on the costa inside
and outside tornal spot, respectively. It is the only
Lampronia species with two costal spots. It could,
however, be confused with Alloclemensia mesospilella
(Herrich-Schaffer, 1854) (Incurvariidae), but in that
species the fringes are whitish yellow from the apex till
the middle of the termen and the forewing ground
colour is brown without the violet hue of L. rupella.

Biology

The habitat of L. rupella consists of shadow-rich,
rather wet deciduous forests with an undergrowth of
large herbs and shrubs (fig. 3), including Cirsium. The
foodplant of the Caterpillar is unknown, but it is reported
to live on Asteraceae (Gustafsson 2008), however, this
needs confirmation. In Sweden, the Caterpillar is
supposed to feed on Cirsium heleniodes and Cicerbita
alpina (Bengtsson et al. 2008: 346). In France, Lhomme
(1946-19633: 1131) reports Adenostyles alpina and

Homogyna alpina (both Asteraceae) as foodplants. The
caterpillars feed in April-May and the adults fly during
June-July in sunshine, preferably in the morning.

Distribution

L. rupella is widespread in Central and East Europe,
and becomes more rare towards the west. It is known
from Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia (van Nieukerken
2011). In North Europe, the species occurs in the whole
of Norway and Finland, till the northernmost parts of
Lapland. In Sweden, it has been recorded southwards till
Dalsland, Vastergötland and Uppland. It has not yet been
found in Denmark. Eastwards, the species reaches the
Altai mountains (Bengtsson et al. 2008: 347).

In Germany, L. rupella is known from Schleswig-
Holstein, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Baden-Württemberg,
Bayern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, and Thüringen
(Gaedike & Heinicke 1999: 44, LepiForum).

In France, the species has been recorded mainly from
mountanous areas: Alpes-Maritimes, Basses-Alpes,

Cantal, Doubs, Hautes-Alpes, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-
Pyrénées, Haut-Rhin, Isère, Puy-de-Döme, Pyrénées-
Orientales, Saöne-et-Loire et Savoie (Lhomme 1946-
1963: 1131).

The species has not yet been mentioned from the
other neighbouring countries Luxembourg, The
Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 35

Acknowledgments

Belgian species, and Leo Janssen and Steve Wullaert for
the Identification of the Ovifat specimen.

We would like to thank Jurate De Prins for the
photograph of the Malempré specimen of this new

Figs. 1-2. Adults of Lampronia
rupella ([Denis &
Schiffermüller], 1775); 1-
Belgium, Luxembourg,
Malempré, 29 May 1990, leg.
W. Hogenes, coll. W. De Prins.
Scale 2 mm (Photo: Jurate De
Prins); 2 — Belgium, Liège,
Ovifat, 05 June 2011 (Photo:
Ludwig Jansen).

Fig. 3. Habitat of Lampronia
rupella ([Denis & Schiffer-
müller], 1775) at Ovifat
(Belgium, Province of Liège),
05 June 2011 (Photo Ludwig
Jansen).

References

Bengtsson B. A., Palmqvist G. & Johansson R. 2008. Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Fjarilar: Kakmalar - sackspinnare.

Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae-Psychidae. — ArtDatabanken, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Uppsala.

De Prins W. 1998. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. — Studiedocumenten van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor
Natuurwetenschappen 92: 1-236.

De Prins W. & Steeman C. 2003-2011. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. — www.phegea.org [accessed 25 August 2011].
Gaedike R. & Heinicke W. 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. — Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft
5: 1-216.

Gustafsson B. 2008. Svenska Fjarilar. — www2.nrm.se/en/svenska_fjarilar [accessed 25 August 2011],

Lepiforum. Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Praimaginalstadien. — www.lepiforum.de [accessed 25
August 2011].

van Nieukerken E. J. 2011. Fauna Europaea: Prodoxidae. - In: Karsholt O. & van Nieukerken E. Fauna Europaea, Lepidoptera
(Moths). — Fauna Europaea version 2.4, www.faunaeur.org [accessed 25 August 2011].

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 36

First record of Anthocharis gruneri for Serbia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Milos Popovic & Miroslav Milenkovic

Abstract. The information about the observation of Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, 1851, a new species for the fauna
of Serbia, is given and its distribution in the Balkan Peninsula is summarized. Some ecological preferences, the threat status and
behaviour of the species are discussed.

Samenvatting. Eerste melding van Anthocharis gruneri uit Servië (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Informatie over de eerste waarneming van Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, 1851, in Servië wordt gegeven en de
verspreiding in het Balkanschiereiland wordt opgesomd. Enkele ecologische preferenties, de rodelijststatus en het gedrag van
deze soort worden becommentariëerd.

Résumé. Première mention d 'Anthocharis gruneri pour la Serbie (Lepidoptera: Pieridae).

Des informations concernant la découverte d' Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, 1851 en Serbie sont données et la
répartition dans les Balkans est rassemblée. Quelques préférences écologiques, Ie statut et Ie comportement de cette espèce
sont discutés.

Key words: New records - Presevo - butterflies - endangerment.

Popovic M.: Zvezdanska 24, SR-19000 Zajecar, Serbia. gpopac@gmail.com
Milenkovic M.: Partizanski put 2/21, SR-17500 Vranje, Serbia. miro4319@verat.net

On May 13th 2011 a group of lepidopterists and
ornithologists visited a poorly researched region near
Miratovac village, south of Presevo at an altitude of
about 550 m (42°16'20" N, 21°39'1,6" E). The location
represents a relatively small rocky area with a strong
submediterranean influence arriving from the south
through northern Macedonia. The explored site is
covered mainly by fragmented Quercus pubescens
forests and dry, rocky pastures, but the wider area is
predominantly agricultural land.

During this survey, two male specimens of
Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, 1851 were found
flying together with Leptidea duponcheli. They were
flying slowly, without stopping and always close to the
ground. One specimen was photographed and collected
for confirmation purposes. During the next survey, at the
middie of July, lolana iolas, Spialia phlomidis, Plebejus
pylaon and Pyrgus serratulae were found at the same
locality. All of these species are considered rare and local
butterflies in Serbian fauna (Popovic & Ouric 2011).

Antocharis gruneri is distributed in the Southern
Balkan Peninsula and the Middie East. On the Balkan
Peninsula, the species is reported as common in
Continental Greece (Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Thessaly,
Sterea Hellas, Peloponnese) (Pamperis 1997) and
Macedonia (Galicica Mt., Radika Valley, Vardar Valley,
Vodno Mt., Kozjak Mt.) (Franeta pers. comm., Tolman &
Lewington 2008), but it becomes more local in Albania
(Tolman & Lewington 2008) and SW Bulgaria (Kozuh,
Belasica, Hambar Dere, Hinden, Gradiste, Gospodinci,
Razlog) (Abadjiev 2001). There is also a single old record
from Hungary (Csiki Mts.); however, the occurrence of
this species in the Panonnian plain remains highly
doubtful (Balint & Janaky 1989). In the Middie East the
distribution of the species covers most parts of Turkey,
Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Transcaucasia (Savela 2008). Based
on the nomenclature of Abadjiev & Ganev (1990) and
Hesselbarth et. al. (1995) the Serbian populations

possibly belong to the nominotypic Antocharis gruneri
ssp. gruneri.

The species is reported to inhabit very dry habitat
with limited vegetation (Pamperis 1997). The caterpillars
foodplants are Aethionema saxatile, Aethionema
orbiculatum, Sisymbrium bilobum, Microthlaspi
umbellatum and Isatis tinctoria (Ziegler 2005, Savela
2008), of which Aethionema saxatile and Isatis tinctoria
are recorded also from Serbia (Zlatkovic pers. comm.).
This indicates that the butterfly is possibly a permanent
resident in Serbia. Thus the site south of Presevo forms
the northernmost limit of the known species distribution
in Europe. The closest known locality is in Macedonia on
Mt. Vodno south of Skopje approximately 40 km to the
south.

During the field surveys in this area, no immediate
threats for the habitat of Anthocharis gruneri were
noticed. Agriculture is dominated by small scale farming
and is limited to more open areas, grazing is limited due
to low quality grassland and abandonment due to
depopulation of the area is not yet noticeable. This
provides good opportunity for the survival of the species
in Serbia, however more detailed surveys of the region
and the ecology of the species would be required to
establish its threat status.

Acknowledgments

The field survey in Southern Serbia was organized as a
result of cooperation between entomologists from BD
„Dr Sava Petrovic", „HabiProt" and ornithologists from
„DZPPS" and „Zeleni Balkani". The aim of the expedition
was to investigate potential new areas to be included in
NATURA 2000 network. The entomological survey was
financed by The Rufford Small Grants Fondation. The
authors would like to thank Rudi Verovnik, Tamas Hapka,
Milan Duric and Filip Franeta for literature collation and
for suggestions on this paperwork.

Phegea 40 (lb) 01.iii.2012: 37

Fig. 1- Google earth map of the explored area. The Antocharis gruneri Fig. 2 -Anthocharis gruneri, Miratovac, Serbia.
habitat is marked in red.

Fig. 3- The habitat of
Antocharis gruneri.'m Serbia.

References

Abadjijev S. & Ganev J. 1990. Anthocharis gruneri macedonica (Buresch, 1921) syn. nov. of Anthocharis gruneri gruneri (Herrich-
Schaffer, 1851) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). — Phegea 18(2): 65-66.

Abadjiev S. 2000. Anthocharis gruneri gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) new for the Greek islands. — Entomologist's
Record and Journal of Variation 112: 131-132.

Abadjiev S. 2001. An atlas of the distribution of the butterflies in Bulgaria: (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea). — Pensoft
Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 335 pp.

Balint Z. & Janaky I. 1989. Nappalilepke-jegyzetek. [Notes on Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera)]. — Folia entomologica hungarica 50: 229-
232.

Hesselbarth G., van Oorschot H. & Wagener S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Türkei unter Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Lander. —
Selbsterverlag Sigbert Wagener, Bocholt, Germany, 2201 pp.

Pamperis, L. N. 1997. The butterflies ofGreece. — D. Plessas Graphic Arts S. A., Athens.

Popovic M. & Duric M. 2011. Butterflies of Serbia, fieldguide. — HabiProt, Belgrade 198 pp. [in Serbian],

Savela M. 2008. Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, [1851], — www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/
papilionoidea/pieridae/pierinae/anthocharis/index.html [lastvisited 25. VI 2011].

Tolman T. & Lewington R. 2008. Butterflies of Britain and Europe. — HarperCollins Publishers, London, 528 pp.

Ziegler H. 2005. Anthocharis gruneri Herrich-Schaffer, 1851. — www.euroleps.ch/seiten/s_art.php?art=pier_gruneri [last visited 25.
VI 2011],

Phegea 40 (1) 01.iii.2012: 38

A comparison between the female genitalia of Gegenes pumilio and
those of G. nostrodamus (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)

John G. Coutsis

Abstract. The female genitalia of Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) and G. nostrodamus (Fabricius, 1793) are figured
and described, providing information for the safe identification of the females of these two closely allied and often
misidentified similar species.

Samenvatting. Een vergelijking tussen de vrouwelijke genitalia van Gegenes pumilio en die van G. nostrodamus
(Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)

De vrouwelijke genitalia van Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) en van G. nostrodamus (Fabricius, 1793) worden afgebeeld
en beschreven. Hierdoor wordt het mogelijk om de wijfjes van deze twee, dikwijls verkeerd gedetermineerde soorten, op naam
te brengen.

Résumé. Une comparaison entres les genitalia femelles de Gegenes pumilio et celles de G. nostrodamus (Lepidoptera:
Hesperioidea)

Les genitalia femelles de Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) et celles de G. nostrodamus (Fabricius, 1793) sont illustrées et
décrites. Ainsi, une détermination certaine de ces deux espèces souvent confondues, devient possible.

Key words: - Lepidoptera - Hesperioidea - Gegenes - G. pumilio - G. nostrodamus - Female genitalia.

Coutsis J. G.: 4 Glykonos Street, GR-10675 Athens, Greece. kouts@otenet.gr

Introduction

The similarity between Gegenes pumilio
(Hoffmansegg, 1804) and G. nostrodamus (Fabricius,
1793) has often led to misidentifications. Fortunately
their respective male genitalia provide characters that

are useful for differentiating and identifying the males of
both these species (Verity 1940, Evans 1949, Coutsis &
Olivier 1993). In the case of females, however, no
information regarding their genitalia has ever been
provided, making it presently desirable to fill this
vacuum.

Figs. 1-4. Ventral aspect of bursa copulatrix of Gegenes
species from Greece. 1, 2. G. pumilio. 3, 4. G.
nostrodamus. 1— Si'mi Island, near Pédi, sea level,
24.iv.2010; 2.- Spétses Island, sea level, 24.ix.1974; 3-
Spétses Island, Agios Mamas, sea level, 10.ix.2001; 4-
Attiki, Ekali, ca. 400m, 25.viii.1963.

Phegea 40 (1) 01.iii.2012: 39

The bursa copulatrix

[Genitalia component terms derived from Tuxen
(1970)].

G. pumilio. (Figs. 1, 2). Lamella post-vaginalis shorter
than in G. nostrodamus; lamella ante-vaginalis halves
deeply bifid; heavily sclerotized ductus bursae of even
width throughout entire length; corpus bursae smaller
than in G. nostrodamus.

G. nostrodamus. (Figs. 3, 4). Lamella post-vaginalis
longer than in G. pumilio; lamella ante-vaginalis halves

rounded; heavily sclerotized ductus bursae distended at
base; corpus bursae largerthan in G. pumilio.

Discussion

The diversity and degree of these differences provide
a means for easy identification of female G. pumilio and
G. nostrodamus, thus eliminating the possibility for
misidentifications resulting from not all too clear wing
characters.

References

Coutsis J. G. & Olivier A. 1993. Confirmation of the presence of both Gegenes pumilio pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) and Gegenes
nostrodamus (Fabricius, 1793) on the Greek island of Kriti (Crete) (Lepidoptera: Flesperiidae). — Phegea 21(4): 101-107.

Evans W. H. 1949. A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). —
Jarrold and Sons Ltd., Norwich, Great Britain. 502 pp., 11 colour pis., 42 black and white pis.

Tuxen S. L. 1970. Taxonomist's Glossary of Genitalia in Insects. — Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 359 pp.

Verity R. 1940. Le farfalle diurne d'ltalia. — Marzocco, Firenze. Vol. I: 32 separate introductory pp., 131 normal pp., 1 colour
frontispiece, 4 colour pis., 2 black and white pis.

3 9088 01664 7174

Phegea 40 (1) 01.iii.2012: 40