THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
EDITED BY
PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D.
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON, Ph. D.; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D.
PUBLISHED BY
THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
C. Botany Volume V 1910
With 4 Plates, and 1 Map
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DATES OF ISSUE.
No. 1, pages 1 to 94, May 27, 1910.
No. 2, pages 95 to 166, July 20, 1910.
No. 3, pages 167 to 266, August 19, 1910.
No. 4, pages 267 to 370, September 27, 1910. No. 5, pages 371 to 464, December 13, 1910. No. 6, pages 465 to 576, January 20, 1911.
CONTENTS.
No. 1, May, 1910.
Page.
I. Merrill, B. D. An Enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with Keys
to the Genera and Species 1
No. 2, July, 1910.
I. Merrill, E. D. An Enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with Keys
to the Genera and Species ( concluded ) 95
'~II. Brotherus, V. F. Contributions to the Bryological Flora of the
Philippines, III .B 137
III. Sydow, H. et P. Fungi Philippinenses 163
No. 3, August, 1910.
I. Merrill, E. D. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, VIII 167
II. Merrill, E. D. Index to Philippine Botanical Literature, VI 259
No. 4, September, 1910.
I. Gamble, J. Sykes. The Bamboos of the Philippine Islands 267
II. Copeland, Edwin Bingham. Additions to the Bornean Fern Flora 283
III. Merrill, E. D., and Merritt, M. L. The Flora of Mount Pulog 287
No. 5, November (December), 1910.
I. Merrill, E. D., and Merritt, M. L. The Flora of Mount Pulog (con- cluded) 1. 371
II. De Candolle, C. A Revision of Philippine Piperaceae 405
No. 6, December, 1910 (January, 1911).
I. Robinson, C. B. Philippine Urticaceae 465
Reviews . 545
HI
VOL. V
MAY, 1910
THE PHILIPPINE
No. 1
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
EDITED BY
PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D.
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON, Ph. D.; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D.
PUBLISHED BY
THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
C. Botany
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Vol. V • MAY, 1910 No. 1
AN ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE, WITH KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES.
By E. D. Merrill.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.)
This family ranks second or third in number of species among those represented in the Philippines, being definitely exceeded only by the Orchidaceae. It seems probable, when our material of the Bubiaceae is carefully revised, that the latter family will somewhat exceed Legumi- nosae in the number of species found in the Archipelago. A rough estimate of the former, based on the classified and unclassified material available here, brings the number of species approximately to the same figure as Leguminosae , but novelties are much more numerous in Rubia- ceae than in Leguminosae, and the species appear to be more local. The introduced element in Leguminosae is comparatively large, but in Rubia- ceae there are relatively few introduced forms.
An attempt has been made in the following enumeration to account for all the genera and species of the family that have been credited to the Philippines in botanical literature ; to determine, so far as. possible, those which really extend to the Archipelago, excluding the forms erroneously credited to the group by various authors, and to classify the abundant material accumulated in the herbarium of this Bureau during the past few years, describing the apparently new forms.
The material available for study comprises a complete set of all the collections made by employees of this Bureau, and the Bureau of Forestry, as well as numerous other collections of recent date, some of Cuming’s Philippine plants, and occasional specimens collected by Mr. Loher. Opportunity has occurred, previous to the inception of this work, of ex- amining the Philippine material collected by Cuming, Vidal, Loher, and others, preserved in the Kew Herbarium, as well as various Philippine
93664
2
MERRILL.
types in the United States National Herbarium, the Berlin Herbarium, DeCandolle Herbarium, and Philippine material in some other institu- tions. \ . ’ ■ . ‘ : ,
A considerable amount of work has been done in the past on Philip- pine Leguminosae, so that in the great quantity of material examined, I have found it necessary or expedient to describe as new, only a single genus, twelve species, and a few varieties. A number of complicated cases of synonymy were encountered, some of which I have not as yet been able to solve in a satisfactory manner. In accordance with the rules of priority approved by the Vienna Botanical Congress, a certain number of changes have become necessary, and in most cases the earliest valid name has been adopted, both in genera and species, except in the ease of the former, where the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Congress has been accepted.
A tabulated list is given below of the retained generic names, as ap- proved by the Vienna Congress, and also the rejected ones, so far as this affects Philippine Leguminosae.
Retained names. Rejected names.
Crudia Schreb. (1789) Apalatoa Aubl. (1775).
Touchir oa Aubl . (1775).
Waldschmidtia Scop. (1777) .
Pterolobium R. Br. (1814) Cantuffa J. F. Gmel. (1791).
Peltophorum Walp. (1842) Baryxylum Lour. (1790).
Ormosia Jack (1811).MJ Toulichiba Adans. (1763).
Tephrosia Pers. (1807) Cracca L. (1753).
Colinil Adans. (1763).
Needhamia Scop. (1777).
Clianthus Banks & Soland. (1832) Donia G. Don (1832).
Ormocarpum Beauv. (1804) Diphaca Lour. (1790).
Smithia Ait. (1789) Damapana Adans. (1763).
Desmodium Desv. (1813) Meibomia Adans. (1763).
Pleurolobus St. Hil. (1812).
Alysicar pus Neck. (1790) Fabricia Scop. (1777).
Dalbergia L. f. (1781) Amerimnon P. Br. (1756).
Ecastaphyllum P. Br . ( 1756 ) .
Pongamia Vent. (1803) Pongam Adans. , (1763).
GaledupaLam. (1786) ( quoad descr. ) . Pungamia Lam. (1797).
Derris Lour. (1790) SalkenAdans. (1763).
Solori Adans. ( 1763 ) .
Deguelia Aubl. (1775).
Cylizoma Neck. (1790).
Centrosema Benth. (1838) Bradburya Raf. (1817).
Yexillaria Hoffmg. (1824).
Mucuna Adans. (1763) Zoophthalmum P. Br. (1756).
Stizolobium P. Br. (1756).
Rhynchosia Lour. (1790)......, Dolicholus Medic. (1787).
Pachyrrhizus Rich. (1825) Cacara Thou. (1805).
Psophocarpus Neck. (1790) Botor Adans. (1763).
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
3
In the above list the 18 retained names given in the first column would be displaced by the older ones, given in the second column, were the principles of priority to be applied without reservation. The author does not personally approve of all the retained generic names, and it is believed that in a number of cases better results would have been secured had the list been made up with more discretion. The list will not bear close inspection without showing its deficiencies, both in names included, and in those omitted. The method by which these names were selected appears to have been purely arbitrary, with little or no consideration of the facts in the individual cases,; and it is -believed that, granting a list of nomina conservanda to be expedient and necessary, better results would have been secured, had a proposed list been adopted by the Vienna Con- gress, for definite acceptance or rejection at the next International Botanical Congress, thus giving opportunity for some discussion of the proposed names, arguments for and against the adoption of certain ones, and opportunity to propose additions to the list.
In the Leguminosae of the Philippines alone, similar action should have been taken in the case of several genera, in order to have made the list of nomina conservanda consistent. Entada Adans. (1763), should have been retained instead of Pursaetha L. (1747), Gigalobium P. Br. (1756), or Lens Stickm. (1754) ; Sesbania Scop. (1777), instead of Sesban Adans., or Agati Adans. (1763); Sindora Miq. (1860), instead of Galedupa Lam. (1786) ; and possibly also Dalea L. (1737), instead of Parosela Cav. (1802), although the last case is complicated by synon- ymy and homonymy. If, as in the list of nomina conservanda , Clianthus be given preference to Donia , then for the sake of consistency, Atylosia should have been retained in place of Cantharospermum , yet on the one hand Clianthus is given preference to Donia, and on the other Cantharos- permum is preferred to Atylosia, although in both cases there is only page priority, and in the last case Atylosia is certainly the more generally used name.
In the following consideration generic limits as defined by Bentham in the “Genera Plantarum,” and by Taubert in Engler and Prantl’s “Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien” have been followed, and the sequence of genera followed is that of the latter work. In studying the Philippine material, as well as the extra-Philippine plants in this herbarium, I have been impressed with the inequality in the treatment of genera by the above authors. Especially in the Papilionatae one finds genera separated by exceedingly slight and often obscure characters, as with Dunbaria and Cantharospermum, Vigna and Phaseolus, and, as some authors propose, the separation of Lablab from Dolichos as a distinct genus. In the cases just cited, the characters considered worthy of being the bases of generic distinctions, are certainly not as strong, nor as well defined, as are those by which various sections or subgenera of Caesalpinia , Cassia, Bauhinia,
4
MERRILL.
Desmodium, Mucuna, etc., are distinguished, jet the movement by some botanists again to raise certain groups of species, in the above and other genera, to generic rank, meets with comparatively little support. The author is personally of .the opinion that it would be more logical and practically as convenient, to divide some of the larger genera into several smaller ones, where the sections or subgenera are sharply defined as are some of them in Caesalpinia , Cassia, Desmodium , etc. Tor purposes of comparison, however, generic limits as defined by Bentham - and by Taubert are retained in the present paper.
Generic nomenclature in the present enumeration differs from that of De Dalla Torre & Harms “Genera Siphon ogamarum” only in two cases, these being the adoption of Delonix Eaf. for Caesalpinia auct., non L., and Parosela Cav. for Dalea L., for what are considered valid reasons.
The only previous attempt to enumerate all the species of this family known in the Philippines was by F.-Villar,1 who credited to the Archi- pelago 78 genera and 229 species. Of these, it has been necessary to exclude 6 genera and about 35 species, as no material is extant by which F.-Villar’s identifications can be checked, and the excluded genera and species have not been found in the Philippines by any preceding or suc- ceeding botanists.
In the present enumeration 90 genera are considered. Of these, two, Monartlirocarpus, described as new, and Luzonia , are monotypie and endemic; the former allied to Desmodium § Podocarpium, and the latter to Dioclea. Of the 90 genera included, 14, Pnterolobvum, Leucaena , Sclirankia , Mimosa , Prosopis, Tamarindus, Delonix , Medicago, Glirvcidia, Arachis, Pisum, Centrosema, Pachyrrhizus, and Psophocarpus, are repre- sented in the Philippines by introduced species only, while in other genera, such as Cassia, Crotalaria, Desmodium, etc., there are many in- troduced forms.
The number of species recognized is 285, with several varieties, and this list will doubtless, be somewhat increased as exploration progresses. Of these 285 species I consider the following 53 to have been introduced, although most of them are now thoroughly naturalized and must be con- sidered as constituents of the Philippine flora: Enterolobium saman* Pithecolobium dulce ,* Albizzia lebbeck, Acacia farnesiana* Leucaena glauca* Sclirankia quadrivalvis* Mimosa pudica * Prosopis vidaMana ,* Cynometra cauliflora, Tamarindus indica (prehistoric), Bauhinia tomen- tosa, B. monandra ,* Cassia fistula, C. glauca, C. tora, C. hirsuta* C. sophera* C. occidentalism C. alata* C. siamea, Delonix regia, Caesalpinia pulcherrima,* Crotalaria juncea, C. incana* Medicago denticulata, M. sativa. Trifolium pratense, T. liybridum, T. incarnatum, T. repens, Indi- gofera suffruticosa,* Parosela glandulosa * Gliricidia sepium* Sesbania
"Nov. App. (1880) 57-76.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
5
grandiflora (prehistoric), Arachis hypogcea* Desmodium scorpiurus* D. procumbens* Lourea vespertilionis , Inocarpus edulis (prehistoric), Pi- sum sativum , Gentrosema plumieri,* Mucuna deeringiana , Canavalia gladiata* Cajanus indicus, Phaseolus lunatus,* P- adenanthus * P. semierectusj,* P. radiatus, Vigna sinensis , Doliclios lablab, Pachyrrhizus erosus* and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Of these apparently intro- duced species, those marked with an asterisk are undoubtedly of American origin. It is interesting to note that of these 26 species which have, for most part, at least, originated in tropical America, the following have not as yet been reported from any other part of the Orient, although all, with the exception of the first, are very common and widely distributed in the Philippines: Schranlcia quadri/valvis , Prosopis vidaliana, Parosela glandulosa, Gliricidia sepium, and Desmodium scorpiurus.
It is possible that other species than those listed above, now cosmo- politan in the tropics, have originated in tropical America, and it is also very probable that still others of these cosmopolitan species now con- sidered as indigenous in the Philippines, have been introduced within historic times from other parts of Malaya or from Asia. This is es- pecially likely of the constituents of the low country flora in the vicinity of towns, for in dealing with the flora of the settled areas it is frequently difficult to determine whether or not an individual species is really native or introduced.
One reason for considering that many of the plants found about towns and in cultivated areas in the Philippines are not really natives of the Archipelago, is found in the results obtained in the botanical exploration' of Polillo, an island having an area of about 300 square miles, off the east coast of Luzon. Botanical work was carried on here, extending over a period of about four months, by Dr. C. B. Eobinson in August, and Mr. E. C. McGregor from September to November, 1909. From a botanical standpoint the island is more interesting because of the species it lacks, rather than from those actually found there. Most of the species collected are of wide distribution in the Philippines and in the Indo-Malayan region generally, while novelties are comparatively rare. A striking character of the flora of the island, as a whole, is the lack of very numerous species, characteristic of the low country through- out the Philippines, weeds of cultivation, etc. Conditions are not lack- ing for the growth of these plants, for Polillo supports a population of about 3,000 inhabitants, and considerable areas are in cultivation and lying fallow. In Legummosae alone, the following results were obtained : Total number of species collected or observed 27 ; of these but 2 are endemic in the Philippines, 21 are of wide Indo-Malayan distribution, including 8 strand plants, and only 5 are considered to be of American origin. The common leguminous weeds and various other plants, char- acteristic of waste lands of the low country, and for most part cosmo- politan in the tropics, are conspicuous by their absence. It has been
6
MERRILL.
noted above that about 26 species of this family, found in the Philippines, are of American origin; it is worthy of note that but 5 of these have been found in Polillo. The fact that there are so few of these American plants definitely known from Polillo, leads us to conclude also that many of the other species, now cosmopolitan in the tropics, abundant in other parts of the Philippines, but wanting in Polillo, have been introduced into the Archipelago in comparatively recent times, perhaps contem- poraneously with the introduction of many of the American species, and like the latter have not as yet reached the isolated parts of the Archi- pelago.
Some cases of geographical distribution are worthy of note, but evi- dence of special affinities with the flora of surrounding regions is not as strong in this family as it is in some others. The flora as a whole is preponderatingly Malayan. Excluding from the present consideration the species that manifestly have been introduced from tropical America, and are now for most part widely distributed in Indo-Malaya, we have about 150 common to the Philippines and the Malayan region; of these about 120 are common to India, the Philippines, and Malaya, and many also extend to other regions. About 31 are confined to the Philippines and Malaya, but less than one-half this number are common to con- tinental Asia and the Philippines and do not extend to Malaya.
The following species extend from northern India to China and the Philippines: Desmodium podocarpum DC. (also in Japan), D. retro- flexum DC., Indigofera nigrescens Kurz, Lespedeza juncea var. sericea Forbes & Hemsl. (also in Australia), Shuteria vestita W, & A., and Smithia ciliata Eoyle. Prom northern India and the Philippines, but not reported from China, we have: Doliclnos falcatus Klein, Crotalaria acicularis Ham. (also in Java), Desmodium pseudotriquetrum DC., and Crotalaria assamica, while the genus Eingiodendron has one species in India, and one in the Philippines. Confined to China and the Philip- pines we have PTiaseolus minimus Roxb., while Gleditsia rolfei Vid., Luzon and Celebes, and the only representative of the genus in Malaya, is closely allied to species of southern China, the genus not being repre- sented in India except by introduced species. A considerable number of the above continental types are confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region in northern Luzon, in the regional distribution of Pinus insularis Endl., but others are widely distributed at low altitudes. Acacia confusa Merr., which has been identified by some authors with A. richii A. Cray, of Polynesia, is the only species, known to me, common and confined to Luzon and Formosa; however, this species must be considered an Aus- tralian type as it is one of the few extra-Australian species of the great group PTiyllodineae so characteristic of that continent. Desmodium duergeri Miq., a Japanese species now reported from the Philippines, has been confused with D. heterocarpum (L.) DC., so that its exact range is uncertain.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
7
Australian types are Acacia confusa, mentioned above, and Clianthus binnendyckianus Kurz, the genus with one species in Mindanao, Polillo, and Celebes, and two in Australia. An indication of a probable line of migration from Australia through the Philippines and intervening islands to southeastern Asia, or vice versa is represented by Glycine tomentosa Benth., Queensland, Luzon, and China, and Pycnospora nervosa W. & A., Australia, Philippines (common and widely distributed), China, and India, but not known from Malaya, while the genus Erythrophloeum has one species in Australia, one in the Philippines, one in China, and is, so far as is known at present, wanting in Malaya and India, but has about five species in Madagascar and tropical Africa.
Hew Guinea and the Philippines have in common Rhynchosia calos- perma Warb. (also in the Aru Islands and Bismarck Archipelago), and the genus Macropsychanthus, with one species in Hew Guinea, and two in Mindanao. The Celebes alliance is stronger, with the monotypic genus Wallaceodendron, Dalbergia minahassae Koord., Pithecolobium subac- uturn Benth., Clianthus binnendyckianus Kurz, and Pterocarpus echi - natus Pers. (also in Salayer), while Pueraria warburgii Perk., of the southern Philippines, is represented in Celebes by an identical, or closely allied form. Special cases of distribution from other parts of Malaya are few.' Pithecolobium prainianum Merr. appears to be known only from the Philippines, Borneo, and Java, Cassia divaricata Hees & Bl., Luzon and Java, Mezoneurum latisiliquum Merr., and M. pubescens Desf., Timor and the Philippines, as well as the typical form of Parkia timoriana Merr. Spatholobus gyrocarpus Benth. is known only from Luzon, Penang, and the Malay Peninsula (Perak), and Desmodium ovalifolium Wall, from Luzon, Sumatra, and Penang.
A notable characteristic of the Philippine flora as a whole, is the high percentage of endemic species, but endemism is not particularly developed in Leguminosae. Two genera, Monarthrocarpus Merr., and Luzonia Elm., both monotypic, and the following 82 species, are, so far as is known at present, confined to the Philippines : Pithecolobium scutiferum Benth., P. pauciflorum Benth., P. mindanaense Merr., P. platycarpum Merr., Albizzia scandens Merr., A. acle Merr., Adenanthera intermedia Merr., Entada parvifolia Merr., Erythrophloeum densiflorum Merr., Cynometra inaequifolia A. Gray, C. warburgii Harms, C. luzoniensis Merr., C. sim- plicifolia Harms, Kingiodendron alternifolium Merr. & Bolfe, Sindora supa Merr., Intsia acuminata Merr., Pahudia rhomboidea Prain, Crudia blancoi Eolfe, C. subsimplicifolia Merr., Bauhinia dolichocalyx Mem, B. leptopus Perk., B. subglabra Merr., B. whitfordii Elm., B. cumingiana F.-Vill., B. nymphaeifolia Perk., B. perkinsiae Merr., B. aherniana Perk., B. antipolana Perk., B. merrilliana Perk., B. pinchotiana Perk., B. war- burgii Perk., Pterolobium membranulaceum Merr., Mezoneurum mindo- rense Merr., Ormpsia paniculata Merr., 0. calavensis Azaola, Crotalaria
MERRILL.
radiata Merr., Indigofera unifolia Merr., Psoralea badocana Blanco, Tcph- rosia dichotoma Desv., T. obovata Merr., Millettia longipes Perk., M. ahernii Merr. & Eolfe, M. canariifolia Merr., M. merrillii Perk., M. cavitensis Merr., M. foxworthyi Merr., Desmodium cumingianuvi Bentlr., D. quinquepetalum Merr., I). malacophyllum DC., Monarthrocarpm securiformis Merr., Dalbergia polyphylla Benth., D. cumingiana Benth., Pterocarpus blancoi Merr., Perris polyantha Perk., D. cumingii Benth., D. philippinensis Merr., D. micans Perk., D. mindorensis Perk., D. lianoides Elm., Erythrina stipitata Merr., Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray, S. elmeri Merr., S. zschokkei Elm., 8. caeruleus Merr., 8. cras- sifolius Perk., 8. pulcher C. B. Eob., Mucuna curranii Elm., M. mindorensis Merr., M. longipedunculata ' Merr., M. aurea C. B. Eob., M. sericopliylla Perk., M. lyonii Merr., Dioclea umbrina Elm., Luzonia purpurea Elm., Macropsychantlius mindanaensis Merr., M. ferrugineus Merr., Pueraria tetragona Merr., Dunbaria cumingiana Benth., D. merrillii Elm., Plemingia philippinensis Merr. & Eolfe, and F. cumin- giana Benth.
If we exclude the 53 species definitely known to have been introduced into the Philippines, considering the leguminous flora of the Philippines as comprising only the 332 indigenous, or presumably indigenous species, then the percentage of endemism for the family is slightly less than 36 per cent.
Tabulation of the Indo-Malayan genera and species has been omitted, because of the great number of genera and species involved. The sum- mary is as follows: India, including the Malay Peninsula,2 147 genera and 1058 species; Malay Peninsula,3 73 genera and 291 species; Malay Archipelago,4 * 105 genera and 554 species; China,® 89 genera and 469 species; Formosa,6 56 genera and 136 species; Philippines, 90 genera and 285 species.
From an economic standpoint this family takes high rank in the Philippines. With the exception of the Dipterocarpaceae , no family compares with the Leguminosae in the quantity and value of its timber trees. All grades of timber are produced by various species of the family, from the very soft and low grade timber known as cupang, from Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., to the highest grade building and fur- niture woods found in the Archipelago. Among the more valuable
2 Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876-1878) 56-306; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 = (1897) 347-518.
8 Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 21-275.
4 Boerl. Handl. Kenn. FI. Nederl. Ind. 1 (1890) 321-419.
“Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886-87) 150-217; M. Smith ex Forbes & Hemsl. 1. c. 36 (1905) 451-530.
'Mats. & Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 22 (1906) 102-117; Hayata 1. c. 25 19 (1908) 74-77.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
9
timbers are narra, corresponding to the padouk of India, from Ptero- carpus indicus Willd., and P. echinaius Pers. ; acle, from Albizzia acle (Blanco) Merr. ; supa, from Sindora supa Merr. ; ipil, from Intsia hi jug a (Colebr.) 0. Ivtz. ; tindalo, from Pahudia rhomboidea (Blanco) Prain; banuyo, from Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord. ; batete from Kingio- dendron alternifolium (Elm.) Merr. & Bolfe, while many other species yield timber used locally for different purposes. Shade-trees and various ornamental plants are represented by Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prain, Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth., Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf., Cassia siamea Lam., Peltophorum inerme (Roxb.) Naves, Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Benth., Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Bauhinia tomentosa L., B. acuminata L., B. monandra Kurz, Erythrina indica Lam., and others. Plants cultivated for food are Phaseolus lunatus L., P. radiatus L., Vigna sinensis Endl., Arachis hypogea L., Pisum sativum L., Canavalia gladiata DC., Cajanus indicus Spreng., Pachyrrhizus erosus TJrban, Dol- ichos lablab L., Psopliocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., Tamarindus indica L., Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers., Pithecolobium dulce Benth., also yielding a valuable tanbark, and Inocarpus edulis Forst. Plants yielding dyes are represented by Caesalpinia sappan L., Indigofera suf- fruticosa Mill., and I. tinctoria L. Substitutes for soap, used in bathing, washing the hair, etc., are derived from Albizzia saponaria (Lour.) Bl., A. acle (Blanco) Merr., Entada scandens Benth., and E. parvifolia Merr. Various species of Derris are utilized for the purpose of stupefying fish. Extensively used hedge-plants are Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud., and to some extent Leucaena glauca Benth., the wood of the former also highly prized for making charcoal. Gliricidia and Erythrina indica Lam., are more or less utilized as shade trees in various plantations. A considerable number of species are utilized by the natives in their materia medica, while a great number are employed for various minor purposes.
I am indebted to Dr. I. Urban and to Dr. H. Harms of the Kgl. Bot. Garten, Berlin; to Dr. H. Leeomte, of the Museum of Natural History, Paris; to B. Daydon Jackson, Esq., Secretary of the Linnean Society, London; to M. C. De- Candolle, Geneva, and to Dr. J. N. Bose, of the United States National Herbarium, Washington, for various comparisons of Philippine material with type specimens in a number of cases, and especially to Dr. D. Prain, Director of the Boyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for numerous identifications, comparisons, and critical notes supplied me during the incumbency of his present position, and previous to his appointment to Kew when he was Director of the Boyal Botanic Gardens at Calcutta.
In the following keys to the genera, that part dealing with the Papilionatae has been made purely artificial in many respects. In the construction of the keys to both genera and species suggestions have been taken from the previously published works of various authors, modified by the forms dealt with in the following enumeration. In these keys only Philippine representatives have been taken into consideration.
10
MERRILL.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
J . Petals valvate ; flowers regular ' A. Mimosoideae
1. Petals imbricate; flowers irregular (nearly or quite regular in Gleditsia, trees with branched spines).
2. Flowers not papilionaceous, the upper petal interior B. Caesalpinioideae
2. Flowers papilionaceous, the upper petal (standard) exterior.
C. Papilionatae
A. Mimosoideae.
1. Calyx-lobes valvate.
2. Stamens many, at least more than 10, or more than twice the number of petals.
3. Filaments more or less connate ( Ingeae ) .
4. Endocarp not distinct from the pericarp and not forming individual envelopes about the seeds.
5. Pods indehiscent, septate between the seeds.
6. Pod turgid, about 5 cm wide, the sutures not thickened; petals adnate below to the staminal tube, otherwise free.— 1. Serianthes 6. Pod scarcely turgid, spongy or fleshy, less than 2 cm wide, the sutures thickened; petals connate below into a tube.
2. Enterolobium
5. Pods dehiscent or indehiscent, not septate between the seeds.
6. Pods very strongly curved or twisted 3. Pithecolobium
6. Pods straight, not curved or twisted 4. Albizzia
4. Endocarp distinct and free from the pericarp, the latter not septate, the former septate between the seeds and forming an individual envelope
about each seed ..... . 5. Wallaceodendron
3. Stamens free; inflorescence capitate {Acacieae) 6. Acacia
2. Stamens as many as or double the number of petals.
3. Anthers not gland-tipped.
4. Pods straight, flat, smooth, with continuous valves, dehiscing through
the sutures; erect trees — — J S®!. 7. Leucaena
4. Pods slightly curved or nearly straight, somewhat aculeate, with always persistent, indehiscent sutures; suffruteseent herbs or undershrubs.
5. Pods subcylindric, 4-angled 8. Schrankia
5. Pods flattened ... 9. Mimosa
3. Anthers gland- tipped.
4. Seeds albuminous (Adenanthereae) ; erect trees or shrubs.
5. Spiny shrubs or small trees ; pods indehiscent 10. Prosopis
5. Spineless trees; pods dehiscent.. ..L.Fa-*-- Vlfell. Adenanthera
4. Seeds exalbuminous (Piptademeae) ; great climbers, usually tendril- bearing, with very large pods and seeds ....... 12. Entada
1. Calyx-lobes imbricate ( Pcwkieae ) ; very large trees with capitate inflorescence.
13. Parkia
B. Caesalpinioideae.
1. Calyx entire, or the segments above the receptacle more or less united into a toothed or lobed tube.
2. Leaves 2-pinnate; stamens 10 (Dimorphandreae) .
3. Erect, unarmed trees, with few, medium to large leaflets; flowers small;
pods woody, not winged 14. Erythrophloeum
3. Scandent, usually armed shrubs, with many, usually small leaflets; flowers medium-sized; pods thin, winged down one suture {Eucaesalpinioideae) .
28. Mezoneurum
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
11
2. Leaves simple, entire, 2-cleft, or divided to the base; stamens 10 or less;
vines, shrubs, or trees 22. Bauhinia
1. Calyx-segments free or nearly free above the receptacle (except in Mezoneurum) .
2. Leaves 2-pinnate, (except Gleditsia) (Eucaesalpinioideae) .
3. Leaves 1 -pinnate, the leaflets crenulate, the trunk and larger branches with elongated, branched spines; flowers nearly regular...... 24. Gleditsia
3. Leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets entire, spines, if present, simple; flowers irregular.
4. Calyx-segments valvate ; large trees with very numerous, small leaflets,
and large, red and yellow flowers; cultivated only 26. Delonix
4. Calyx-segments imbricate.
5. Ovaiy 1-ovuled; scandent armed shrubs with the pod winged at the
apex (samaroid) 25. Pterolobium
5. Ovary 2- to many-ovuled; scandent or erect, armed or unarmed, the pods not samaroid.
6. Scandent or erect, usually armed; pods not winged.
27. Gaesalpinia
6. Scandent, usually armed; pods thin, winged along the upper suture.
28. Mezoneurum
6. Erect, unarmed trees with subequal calyx-segments ; stigma peltate ;
pod narrowly winged along both sutures 29. Peltophorum
2. Leaves 1-pinnate or reduced to single leaflets.
3. Anthers basifixed, opening by terminal pores; herbs, shrubs or trees
(Cassieae) . 23. Cassia
3. Anthers versatile, opening by longitudinal slits.
4. Ovary or its stipe more or less adnate to the calyx-tube (Amherstieae) .
5. Petals wanting 18. Grudia
5. Petals present.
6. Petals 3; stamens 3, monadelphous ; pod fleshy 19. Tamcvrindus
6. Petal one.
7. Calyx and pod armed with spines 17. Srndora
7. Calyx and pod unarmed.
8. Perfect stamens 3; seeds not arillate; pods flat 20. Intsia
8. Perfect stamens usually 7; seeds with a very prominent aril;
pods woody, turgid 21. Pahudia
4. Ovary quite free from the calyx ; ovules 1 or 2, rarely 3.
5. Petals 5 ; leaflets few, sometimes solitary 15. Gynometra
5. Petals wanting; leaflets few, large, glandular-punctate.
16. Eingiodendron
C. Papilionatae.
I . Stamens free ; trees.
2. Stigma oblique ; pod short,, turgid, few-seeded 30. Ormosia
2. Stigma terminal; pod elongated, moniliform, several-seeded 31. Sophora
1 . Stamens more or less united, mon- or diadelphous.
2. Fruit a loment, that is, ultimately separating into indehiseent, 1-seeded joints, rarely reduced to a single joint (Monarthrocarpus) i or not jointed (Pseudarthria) , and very rarely dehiscent ( Pycnospora , Desmodium § Pleurolobium ) .
3. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 or more, not stipellate.
4. Stamens united into two phalanges of five each.
5. Erect shrubs; joints of the pod longitudinally ribbed, somewhat muricate 42. Ormocarpum
MERRILL.
5. Herbs; joints of the pods not ribbed.
6. Leaves odd-pinnate; pod exserted ..v 43. Aeschynomene
6. Leaves even-pinnate; pod folded together within the calyx.
44. Smithia
4. Stamens united into a closed tube; leaves even-pinnate, the rachis ending
in a bristle; cultivated herbs with hypogeal fruit 45. Arachis
3. Leaves digitately 2-foliolate; joints of the pod murieate 46. Zornia
3. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or reduced to a single leaflet; leaflets mostly stipellate; vexillary filament free or more or less united with the others.
4. Ovary with from 2 to many ovules.
5. Pod equaling or exceeding the calyx, exserted.
6. Articulations of the pod distinct.
'7. Pod flattened . : 47. Desmodium
7. Pod cylindric 51. Alysicarpus
6. Pod obscurely or not articulated, but with transverse lines between the seeds, or with transverse reticulations.
7. Pod flat, indehiscent, thin, with transverse lines between the
seeds 49. Pseudarthria
7. Pod inflated, dehiscent, with transverse reticulations.
50. Pycnospora
5. Pod folded together within the calyx.
6. Calyx- teeth setaceous, not accrescent; leaflets longer than broad;
flowers in very dense, spike-like or capitate racemes 52. Uraria
6. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, accrescent; leaflets as broad, or broader than
long; flowers few, in lax racemes...- hhi* 53. Loureo
4. Ovary 1-ovuled; pods indehiscent, with a single seed.
5. Scandent; flowers and fruit completely hidden by a large, membra- naceous, accrescent bract 54. Phylacium
5. Erect or suberect, herbaceous or suffrutescent; flowers and fruits not inclosed by bracts.
6. Leaflets 1- or 3-foliolate, ample, stipellate 48. Monarthrocarpus
6. Leaflets 3-foliolate, small, exstipellate 55. Lespedesa
. Fruit a dehiscent or indehiscent pod, not jointed.
3. Leaves simple or with three or more digitately arranged leaflets.
4. Leaves simple.
5. Trees 61. Inocarpus
5. Herbs or undershrubs.
6. Stamens monadelphous ; herbs with inflated, several- to many-seeded
pods 32. Grotalaria
6. Stamens diadelphous ; seeds few.
7. Pods dehiscent.
8. Shrubby; leaves petioled, ample; flowers and fruits hidden by
large, thin, persistent bracts 85. Flemingia
8. Herbs with sessile or subsessile leaves, the flowers not hidden by bracts.
9. Erect herbs from tuberous rootstocks; pod oblong, turgid.
84. Eriosema
9. Roots not tuberous ; pods globose, 1-seeded, or linear and
several-seeded 34. Indigofera
7. Pod indehiscent, 1-seeded; leaves glandular, petioled; racemes
dense 35. Psoralea
4. Leaves with 3 or more digitately arranged leaflets.
5. Stamens monadelphous ; pods inflated 32. Grotalaria
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGU MINOSAE.
13
5. Stamens diadelphous.
6. Leaflets narrow, small ; pods linear 34. Indigofera
6. Leaflets large, ovate; pods inflated 85. Flemingia
. Leaflets pinnately 3-foliolate.
4. Leaflets not stipellate.
5. Pods indehiscent.
6. Herbs with small, toothed leaflets ; pods small, falcate or spiral.
33. Medicago
6. Woody vines with ample, entire leaflets; pods flat, winged down
one side . 59. Derris
5. Pods dehiscent.
6. Leaves not glandular-dotted beneath ...A-A. 78 . Pueraria
0. Leaves glandular-dotted beneath.
7. Ovules 4 or more.
8. Scandent, herbaceous; stigma small, terminal; seeds strophiolate or substrophiolate.
9. Pod acuminate, hardly depressed between the seeds ; funiele expanded, but seeds not distinctly strophiolate.
81. Dunbaria
9. Pod obtuse or apiculate-acuminate, deeply transversely lineate between the seeds; strophiole large.... 82. Cantharospermum 8. Erect, shrubby; stigma dilated, oblique; seeds not strophiolate; pods acuminate, with depressed lines between the seeds.
80. Cajanus
7. Ovules 2; scandent 83. Rhynchosia
4. Leaflets not stipellate, the stipels replaced by large glands ; trees with
large red flowers 70. Erythrina
4. Leaflets stipellate.
5. Style bearded below the stigma.
6. Stigma oblique.
7. Keel spirally twisted 86. Pliaseolus
7. Keel not spiral.
8. Style filiform; flowers mostly yellow; leaflets entire.... 87. Vigna
8. Style flattened upwards; flowers blue; leaflets sinuate-toothed;
root large, turnip-shaped 89. Pachyrrliisus
6. Stigma terminal.
7. Pod flattened, not winged 88. Dolichos
7. Pod square, 4-winged 90. Psophocarpus
5. Style not bearded below the stigma.
6. Stamens monadelphous, the vexillary filament more or less united with the others.
7. Nodes of the raceme not swollen.
8. Anthers uniform, all fertile 68. Glycine
8. Five stamens bearing fertile anthers, the alternating five sterile.
69. Teramnus
7. Nodes of the raceme swollen.
8. Upper lip of the calyx projecting, distinctly longer than the
lower one 79. Ganavalia
8. Upper lip of the calyx not, or but slightly exceeding the lower one.
9. Pods large, turgid, few-seeded (unknown in Luzonia) ; flowers medium to large.
10. Fertile stamens 10 77.
Macropsyclianthus
14
MERRILL.
10. Fertile stamens 6.
11. Calyx- teeth connate into two lobes, the upper one minutely 2-toothed, the lower minutely 3-toothed.... 76. Luzonia 11. Upper two calyx- teeth connate into an entire or minutely 2-toothed lobe, the lower three calyx-teeth distinct,
about as long as the upper lobe... 4&V 75. Dioclea
9. Pods small, narrow, elongated, many-seeded; flowers small
to medium; fertile stamens 10 ...„: 78. Pueraria
6. Stamens diadelphous, the vexillary one free from the others.
7. Pod indehiscent, membranaceous, oblong, with faint transverse
lines between the seeds .....:. 49. Pseudarthria
7. Pod indehiscent, coriaceous, reticulated; with no transverse lines,
1-seeded :. 48. Monarthrocarpus
7. Pod dehiscent only at the seed-bearing apex, elsewhere seedless and indehiscent, thin; scandent woody vines..:... 73. Spatholobus 7. Pod dehiscent from end to end.
8. Nodes of the racemes not swollen.
9. Petals very unequal; flowers large; pods prominently longi- tudinally ridged ... 65. Oentrosema
9. Petals subequal ; flowers small ; pods not longitudinally ridged.
10. Pods with transverse lines between the seeds, or with transverse reticulations; erect or ascending herbaceous or suffrutescent plants.
11. Pods thin, flat, dehiscent by the lower suture, with trans- verse lines between the seeds; flowers pink or purplish.
47. Desmodium
11. Pod short, inflated, with numerous transverse reticula- tions; flowers blue 50. Pycnospora
10. Pods with no transverse lines or reticulations ; herbaceous vines.
11. Style filiform; calyx-teeth distinct 67. Shuteria
11. Style flattened upwards; calyx truncate 66. Dumasia
8. Nodes of the racemes swollen.
9. Flowers large; petals very unequal; herbaceous or woody vines.
10. Keel exceeding the wings and standard; pods flat, variously grooved or smooth, often with stinging hairs.
72. Mucuna
10. Keel and standard equal, wings short; pods thick, glabrous,
not grooved 71. Strongylodon
9. Flowers small; petals subequal; herbaceous vines.
74. Galactea
3. Leaves pinnately 5- to many-foliolate.
4. Leaves even-pinnate.
5. Rachis terminating in a tendril 62. Pisum
5. Rachis not terminating in a tendril.
6. Vines with pink flowers and flat pods 63. Abrus
6. Erect, suffrutescent, coarse herbs with yellow flowers, or trees with very large white flowers; pods very long, subcylindric, septate
between the seeds 40. Sesbania
4. Leaves odd-pinnate.
5. Pods ultimately dehiscing by both sutures.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
15
6. Herbaceous or suffrutescent, if erect shrubs then with subeylindric pods.
7. Anthers apiculate, hairs centrally fixed; erect suffrutescent herbs,
or shrubs; pods cylindric or 4-angled..........:..: 34. Indigofera
7. Anthers obtuse, hairs basifixed; pods flat — ... . 37. Tephrosia
6. Trees ; pods flat.
7. Racemes terminal or in the upper, axils 38. Millettia
7. Racemes from the branches below the leaves 39. Qliricidia
6. Scandent woody or somewhat herbaceous vines.
7. Flowers large, axillary, solitary; pods flat; leaflets 5 to 7.
64. Glitored
7. Flowers small, in dense racemes; pods turgid; leaflets numerous.
41. Clianthus
5. Pods indehiscent.
6. Erect herbs with small leaflets and dense, subcapitate inflorescence
of small blue flowers , 36. Parosela
6. Erect shrubs or small trees with racemose flowers; pods ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid, 1 -seeded, almost berry-like, not at all flattened.
. 60. Euchresta
6. Erect trees or scandent woody shrubs ; pods flattened.
7. Leaflets distinctly alternate; pods winged.
8. Large trees; flowers yellow, medium-sized; pods orbicular.
57. Pterocarpus
8. Scandent shrubs or small trees ; flowers small, pink or white ;
pods elongated, narrow 56. Dalbergia
7. Leaflets opposite.
8. Pod thick, not winged; erect trees 58. Pongamia
8. Pod thin, winged; scandent shrubs 59. Derris
1. SERI ANTHES Benth.
1. Serianthes grandiflora (Wall.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 225, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 599; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 40; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 301; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 454; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 44, /• E, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 111, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 121; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 251.
Inga grandiflora Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5285.
Negros, For. Bur. 5616 Everett. Palawan, For. Bur. 3800 Curran. Dinagat, Ahern 441- Mindoro (Cuming 1592) I Negros (Vidal 288).
Native names: Jonoc (Dinagat); casay (Negros).
In beach forests, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to New Guinea and the Aru Islands.
2. ENTEROLOBIUM Mart.
1. Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 252.
Mimosa saman Jacq. Fragm. (1800-1809) 15, t. 9.
Inga saman Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1024.
Pithecolobium saman Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 216, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 587; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 76; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 309.
Specimens cited in parentheses not seen.
16
MERRILL.
Calliandra saman Griseb. FI. Brit. West Ind. (1864) 225.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 11, Decades Philip. Forest FI. 276, For. Bur. 10793 Curran, Sabino 403- Palawan, For. Bur. 4133 Curran, Bur. Sri. 878 Foxworthy.
A native of tropical America, introduced into the Philippines about the year 1860, and now widely cultivated as a shade tree in towns throughout the Archi- pelago; subspontaneous in some localities. It is locally known as “acacia” ; the rain tree of the West Indies.
3. PITH ECO LOB I U M Mart.
Armed with spinescent stipules; seeds arillate; pinnae and- leaflets 1-jugate.
1. P. dulce
Unarmed; seeds without arillus.
Pods deeply lobed between the seeds, the lobes extending more than half way or quite to the upper suture and turned regularly and alternately right and
left, dehiscent only opposite the seeds 2. P. scutiferum
Pods only faintly or not at all sinuate on the lower suture between the seeds, the dehiscence continuous.
Pinnae 1-2-jugate; leaflets few, medium to large, 2— 3-jugate.
Pinnae 1-jugate.
Leaflets 12 to 15 cm long; pods nearly straight, flattened, not at all
twisted, 3.5 cm broad . . -*-.*■■?-- 3. P. platycarpum
Leaflets less than 12 cm long; pods very strongly curved, sometimes
twisted, less than 2 cm broad pH! 4. P. pauciflorum
Pinnae 2-jugate.
Leaflets 10 cm long or less ; pods less than 2 cm wide.
5. P. mindanaense
Leaflets up to 20 cm in length; pods about 3 cm wide.... 6. P. ellipticum Pinnae mostly 4- to 10-jugate; leaflets small, all more or less rhomboidal, numerous, 5- to 20-jugate.
Pinnae 2-4-jugate; distal leaflets larger than the lower ones.
7. P. angulatwm
Pinnae 6-10-jugate; leaflets equal or subequal, the terminal pair not larger than the others.
Leaflets rhomboid, 5 to 10 mm wide , M| 8. P. subacutum
Leaflets rhomboid-linear or rhomboid-oblong, 2 to 3 mm wide.
9. P. prainianum
1. Pithecolobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 199, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 572; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 302; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 121; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 263.
Mimosa dulris Roxb. PI. Corom. 1 (1795) 67, t. 99.
Inga dulris Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1005.
Inga camatchili Perr. M4m. Soc. Linn. Paris 3 (1824) 122; C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 305.
Mimosa unguis-cati Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 731, non Linn.
Inga lanceolata Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 370, ed. 3, 2: 322; Naves 1. c. pi. 237, non H. & B.
Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14512 Darling: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2207 M earns : Province of Union, Elmer 5613 : Province of Batangas, Marave 71: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1640: Province of Bataan, Ahern 763,
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
17
For. Bur. 1265, 1268 Borden, For: Bur. 63 Barnes, For. Bur. 22Vt Meyer, Williams 380: Manila, Merrill 65J/, For. Bur. 19009 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Ritchie s. n. Palawan, For. Bur. 3595 Curran. Panay, Merrill 21/.10, For. Bur. 112 Gammill. Negros, For. Bur. 12319 Everett. Mindanao, District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 3952 Hutchinson.
A species of tropical America, introduced into the Philippines at an early date, and now spontaneous, very widely distributed and abundant in the Archi- pelago. From the Philippines it has been introduced into other parts of Malaya and into British India, being known in the latter country as the “Manila ta- marind.” It is known throughout the Philippines as camonchiles or camonsiles, or variations of the name, such as c amatsile, camanchiles, camonsil, etc.
The fleshy aril surrounding the seeds is eaten, and the bark is extensively used in the Philippines for tanning leather.
2. Pithecolobium scutiferum (Blanco) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 211; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 39; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 228.
Mimosa scutif era Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 735, ed. 2 (1845) 507, ed. 3, 3: 138.
Pithecolobium lobatum F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. ^ 38 ; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 62, non Benth.
A widely distributed endemic species, represented by the numerous specimens cited previously by me, l. c., extending from northern Luzon south to Ticao, Mas- bate, and Guimaras. Bentliam originally considered it as a distinct species, but later,8 and I believe erroneously, reduced it to the Malayan P. lobatum Benth., in which he has been followed by subsequent Philippine authors. The Philippine form is well distinguished from the Malayan one by its peculiar fruits, and is well represented by the plate in the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas” cited above.
Native names: Anagap (in most islands and provinces where it occurs); bunsilac (Mindoro) ; anagop (Ticao) ; anaguep (Camarines) ; bincalan (Bataan) : bag (Cagayan).
y 3. Pithecolobium (?) platycarpum sp. nov.
Arbor glabra circiter 5 m alta, ramis teretibus, lenticellatis ; pimiis 1-jugatis, foliolis 2-jugatis, firmiter cbartaeeis, elliptico-oblongis, usque ad 15 cm longis, basi aeutis, apice breviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, distinctis, anastomosantibus : leguminibus planis, subrectis, circiter 20 cm longis, 3.5 cm latis, basi longe stipitatis, utrinque dehis- centibus, leviter irregulariter sinuosis.
A glabrous tree about 5 m high. Branches terete, lenticellate, reddish- brown. Leaves alternate, pinnae 1 -jugate, the petiole 2.5 to 3 cm long; leaflets 2- jugate, the rachis of the individual pinnae about 9 cm long, the leaflets firmly chartaceous, elliptic-oblong, 11 to 15 cm long, 5 to G cm wide, shining, gradually narrowed below to the acute base, the apex shortly and sometimes rather abruptly acuminate ; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations distinct, rather lax ; petiolules 2 to 3 mm long. Flowers unknown. Pods pendent, flat, including the slender stipe about
Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 575.
18
MERRILL.
20 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, smooth, shining, irregularly sinuate and de- hiscent on both sutures, straight or nearly so, apex with a stout, somewhat incurved beak, the stipe slender, about 4 cm long. Seeds 6 or 7 in each pod, flattened, black, elliptic in outline, about 2 cm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 6 439, June 8, 1904.
A species in vegetative characters similar to Pithecolobium scutiferum, but distinguishable at once by its very different pods.
4. Pithecolobium pauciflorum Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 212; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 40; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 229.
Luzon, Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10566 Curran. Leyte, For. Bur. 11630 Whitford, For. Bur. 12893 Rosenbluth. Bohol, Cuming 1854 (cotype). Min- danao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 286.
Native names: Malatagum (Albay); panauisaming (Surigao).
An endemic species, erroneously reduced by Bentham 0 to Pithecolobium lobatum Benth., from which it is quite distinct in vegetative and fruit characters.
5. Pithecolobium mindanaense sp. nov. § Clypearia.
Arbor parva, subglabra; foliis bipinnatis, pinnis 2-jugatis, foliolis 2- vel 3-jugatis, elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, chartaceis vel submem- branaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, basi acutis, apice plerumque abrupte obtuse acuminatis, interdum caudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, prominentibus, valde obliquis; floribus sessilibus, capitato-dispositis ; leguminibus circinatis, 10 ad 12 cm longis, circiter 1.5 cm latis, in sicco extus nigris vel brunneis, intus rubris.
A small tree (4 m high fide Clemens), glabrous or nearly so, or the branchlets and inflorescence at first slightly pubescent. Branches terete, light-gray or brown, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves bipinnate, the petiole and rachis varying from 5 to 10 cm in length, with from two to four small sessile glands on the upper surface; pinnae 2-juga.te; leaflets .2- or 3-jugate, those on the upper pair of pinnae usually 3- jugate, those on the lower pair 2-, rarely 1- jugate, elliptic-ovate to oblong-ovate, char- taceous or submembranaeeous, slightly shining when dry, 7 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the base acute, the apex usually rather abruptly acu- minate, the acumen blunt, or sometimes the apex caudate-acuminate; nerves prominent, curved-ascending, 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations lax; petiolules about 2 mm long. Panicle-branches very slender, elongated, the flowers sessile, in heads of from three to five flowers each at the ends of the branchlets, the bracts and bracteoles small, about 1.5 mm long, obtuse, oblong. Calyx about 1.5 mm long, glabrous, with five broad teeth. Corolla 5 mm long, the lobes somewhat acuminate, veined. Stamens about 50, nearly 1.5 cm long. Pods 10 to 12 cm in length, about 1.5 cm wide, curved into an almost complete circle, glabrous, ultimately dehiscing by both sutures, before dehiscence not sinuate between the seeds, the base acute, the apex rounded, when
•Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 575.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
19
dry black or dark-brown outside, red within. Seeds 8 to 10 in each pod, elliptic, somewhat compressed, black when dry, about 12 mm long.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. (type), May, 1907, also no. 277, February, 1906, and unnumbered specimens collected in June and September, 1907. Basilan, DeVore & Hoover 86, and apparently also a sterile specimen collected on that island by Hallier, s. n.
The above species is recognizable by its bipinnate leaves, the pinnae being 2-jugate, and the leaflets 2- or 3-jugate, by its strongly and obliquely nerved leaflets which are abruptly and usually prominently blunt-acuminate, its slender panicle-branches, capitate sessile flowers, and its pods, which are curved into an almost complete circle.
6. Pithecolobium ellipticum (Blume) Hassk. in Retzia 1 (1855) 225;
Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 270, 516; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) BoU 104.
Inga elliptica Blume Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 88; Walp. Repert. 1 (1842) 930.
Pithecolobium fasciculatum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 208; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 304.
Palawan, For. Bur. 4144 Curran. Mindanao, District of. Zamboanga, Copeland s. n., Williams 2094.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
7. Pithecolobium angulatum (Grah.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 208, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 580; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 306; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 76; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 4; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 274.
Inga angulata Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5271.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Whitford 650, For. Bur. 10745 Curran. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6869 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 10765 McGregor. Mindoro, Merrill 1799, McGregor 138, For. Bur. 3692, 4100, 5321, 9881, lllf98 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 34 77 Curran, Bur. Sci. 7 48 Foxworthy. Masbate, For. Bur. 1716 Clark. Guimaras, For. Bur. 270 Gammill. Negros, For. Bur. 5574 Everett.
Native names: Saga, barocmoc, bahay (Mindoro) ; bunsicag (Palawan) ; bagatngo (Negros).
This species is exceedingly variable, and extends from India to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
The typical form, with terminal leaflets 7 to 12 cm long, which Prain has designated as var. heterophylla, is not found in the Philippines, but rather the var. intermedia Prain, characterized by its more numerous pinnae, and smaller, more numerous leaflets.
8. Pithecolobium subacutum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 210, Trans. Linn: Soc. 30 (1875) 578; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat l 1 (1855) 37; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 76; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 111, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 121.
Mimosa scutifera var. (casai) Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 736, ed. 2 (1845) 508, ed. 3, 3: 138; Naves 1. c. pi. 447-
Pithecolobium montanum Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 5; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61, non Benth.?
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 3740 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7782 Ramos, For. Bur. 17069 Curran, For. Bur. 6656 Klemme, For. Bur. 14798 Darling: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 18551 Alvarez: Province of Ben- guet, Elmer 6088, Bur. Sci. 2708 Mearns, Williams 1290: Province of Ilocos Norte,
20
MERRILL.
Bur. Sci. 7639 Ramos: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6501 Aguilar, Rallier s. n., For. Bur. 6334 Curran, Merrill 2926: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 18397 Alvarez: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 27 46 Borden, Williams 688: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 9634 Zschokke: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11137 Aguilar: Province of Laguna, Rallier s. n., For. Bur. 1004%, 10068 Curran, For. Bur. 7702 Curran t£- Merritt: Province of Rizal, Bur. Bci, 106 Foxworthy, Merrill 1622, 5048, 2330, For. Bur. 2444 Ahern’s collector: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10540 Curran. Culion, Merrill 579: Palawan, Bur. Sci. 688 Foxworthy. Samar, For. Bur. 12883 Rosenbluth. Leyte, Elmer 7114- Negros, For. Bur. 17403 Curran.
Native names: Tugayong, naramdauel, saplit (Cagayan) ; carisquis, ayamguitan (Zambales) ; tugurare (Pangasinan) ; inep (Bulacan) ; malasagd, malaganip, tekin (Laguna) ; bahay (Sorsogon) ; tagomtagom (Samar) ; tique (Rizal) ; casai, mala- camonsili, alobahai, ex Blanco.
Celebes {fide Koorders) .
This species is exceedingly variable, but after a careful study of the material cited above, I feel confident that all the specimens are referable to one species. The variability seems to parallel that of the preceding form. As I have no authentic material of Pithecolobium montanum Benth. for comparison, I am unable to determine the points of difference between the two. It is barely possible that P. subacutum Benth., is only a form or variety of P. montanum Benth. The two species are placed by Bentham under separate series, Sessiliflorae and Pedicellatae, but in our Philippine material the flowers appear to be indifferently pedicelled, subsessile or sessile. The plate in the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Fili- pinas,” cited above, well represents the species.
9. Pithecolobium prainianum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61, 1. c. 2 (1907) Bot. 276.
Pithecolobium parvifolium Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 19, non Benth.
Pithecolobium montanum var. microphylla Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 581; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 111, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 121, non P. microphyllum Benth.
P. montanum Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 43, f ■ A. ?, non Benth.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, For. Bur. 14488 Darling: Province of Benguet, Topping 128, For. Bur. 928 Barnes, For. Bur. 4919, 10893 Curran, Elmer 5863, Bur. Sci. 2713 Mearns, Williams 1322, For. Bur. 18303 Alvarez: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 3836: Province of Bataan, Whitford 1179, Merrill 3876, For. Bur. 2790 Meyer : Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 7837 Curran & Merritt. Min- doro, Merrill 5702, For. Bur , 8508, 8719 Merritt. Leyte, For. Bur. 12623 Rosen- bluth.
Borneo, Java.
This species is usually found at higher altitudes than any of the preceding ones, and is frequently found in exposed ridge-forests on mountains, ascending to at least 1600 m. It shows a tendency to intergrade with the preceding species, through such forms as Fenix 3740, and Elmer 7114- On the whole, however, it appears to be fairly constant, and readily distinguishable by its very small leaflets.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Pithecolobium bigeminum Mart. This is credited to the Philippines by F.- Villar, Nov. App. (1880) 75, and by Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II 4 (1894) 144. I have seen no Philippine specimens, and the typical form of Maftius’ species probably does not extend to the Archipelago.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
21
Pithecolobium clypearia Benth. Credited to the Philippines by Usteri, Beitr. Ken. Phil. Veg. (1905) 117, but probably an erroneous identification for P. angulatum Benth., or P. subacutum Benth.
4. ALBIZZIA Durazz.
Leaflets small or medium-sized, mostly oblong, ovate-oblong or linear-oblong, neyer more than 5 cm in length.
Seandent shrub ; the petioles subtended by a thick, curved, hook-like pulvinus.
1. A. scandens
Erect trees or shrubs; pulvinus not enlarged.
Leaflets oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1.5 to 5 cm long, the costa central or subcentral.
Flowers sessile; the portion of the leaflet on the upper side of the costa
broader than the lower 2. A. procera
Flowers pedicelled; leaflets subequilateral or the lower half broader than the upper.
Leaflets subequilateral; umbels few-flowered; flowers, including the sta- mens, 1.5 cm long; stamens purplish 3. A. retusa
Leaflets inequilateral, the portion on the lower side of the midrib mani- festly broader than the upper; umbels many-flowered; flowers includ- ing the stamens, about 3 cm long, white 4. A. lebbeck
Leaflets small, linear or linear-oblong, usually more or less falcate and less than 1.5 cm in length, the costa strongly excentric, near the upper margin; flowers sessile.
Pinnae usually 4- to 6-jugate; costa distinct from the upper margin of
the leaflets 5. A. lebbekoides
Pinnae usually 9- to 15-jugate; costa close to the upper margin of the leaflets; stipules large, inequilateral, ovate, cordate, caducous, 2 to
2.5 cm long 6. A. marginata
Leaflets large, ovate, acute or acuminate, the upper ones 10 to 18 cm long.
Pinnae 2-jugate; leaflets pubescent with short appressed hairs beneath; inflo- rescence terminal ; pods flat, not at all inflated, thin, dehiscent, 20 cm
long or less 7. A. saponaria
Pinnae 1 -jugate; leaflets entirely glabrous; inflorescence axillary; pods inde- hiscent strongly inflated opposite the seeds, 25 to 40 cm long 8. A. acle
1. Albizzia scandens Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 265. Palawan, Iwahig, Bur. Sci. 829 Poxiuorthy, May, 1906. In thickets near the
seashore.
Endemic.
2. Albizzia procera (Roxb.) Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 89, Trans. Linn. Soe. 30 (1875) 564; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 299; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 21; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Ber.g. 662 (1897) 259, 513; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 62.
Mimosa procera Roxb. PI. Coromandel 2 (1798) 12, pi. 121.
Acacia procera Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1063.
Mimosa coriaria Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 734, ed. 2 (1845) 506, ed. 3, 3: 136. Albizzia retusa Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 6, non Benth.
Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. Ui513, 11/552, 11/631/ Darling : Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 1381/8 Merritt <£- Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 13025 Paraiso, For. Bur. 521/1 Klemme : Province of Union, For. Bur. 11/11/0 Merritt <£ Darling, Elmer 5692: Province of Benguet, Williams 1286, For. Bur.
22
MERRILL.
4900, 10866 Curran, For. Bur. 14110 Merritt & Darling: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 9621 Zschokke: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2909, 3006, For. Bur. 6022, 6505 Aguilar: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 5193 Curran, Merrill 2703 : Province of Bataan, Merrill 1516, Williams 373, 726, For. Bur. 20005 Topacio, Whitford 41, For. Bur. 158 Barnes, For. Bur. 5271 Curran, Elmer 6892, For. Bur. 1270, 1292, 1293, 1310, 1382, 1555, 1567, 1620, 1823 Borden. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8756, 8819, 9704 Merritt, For. Bur. 11322 Rosenbluth.
Native names: Adaan (Abra, Ilocos Norte and Sur, Union, Benguet) ; calay (Abra) ; daan (Benguet) ; caral (Pangasinan) ; alalangad (Pampanga, Bataan) ; aninapla (Pampanga, Rizal) ; carail (Zambales) ; acleng parang or acle parang (Zambales, Bataan, Mindoro) ; anapla (Mindoro) ; anitap, ayangao, dariangao, ex Blanco.
An abundant species in the regions where it is found, occurring especially at low altitudes in thickets and in open grass lands, but in some provinces reach- ing an altitude of at least 1,000 m. Nepal to Central China, Andaman Islands, Malay Archipelago to New Guinea and northern Australia; not as yet found in the Malay Peninsula.
3. Albizzia retusa Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 90, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 563; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 23; Yid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885') 111, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 120; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75.
Mimosa lebbek Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 733, ed. 2 (1845) 506, ed. 3, 3: 135, non Linn.
Albizzia littoralis Teysm. & Binn. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 29 (1867) 259; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 257, 512; Koord. & Valet. Meded. ’s Lands Plant. 11 (1894) 301; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 648; Men-, in Forest. Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 23.
Albizzia procera “Teysm. & Binn.;” Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 5, non Benth.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11309 Klemme, For. Bur. 13114 Bernardo, For. Bur. 16969 Curran, Bur. Sci. 7 433 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1223 (type number) : Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10181, 10302 Curran, Merrill 1024: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10689 Curran, Ahern 69. Mindoro, Cuming 1593, For. Bur. 3685, 9878 Merritt, Whitford 1433, Merrill 1213. Palawan, For. Bur. 3837 Curran, For. Bur. 11250 Manalo. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 508 Mangubat. Leyte, For. Bur. 12637 Rosenbluth, Min- danao, District of Davao, Williams 2696, Copeland 557.
Native names: Tagolo, malenab (Cagayan) ; saplit (Principe) ; casay (Ca- marines, Mindoro, Palawan) ; sintog (Davao) ; langil ex’ Blanco.
This species is apparently confined to the beach forests, at least in the Philippines, and is rather widely distributed, extending from the Nicobar Islands and Penang to Java, Amboina, Celebes, and the Caroline Islands (Yap, Vollcens 525, distributed as Albizzia retusa Benth.). The type of Albizzia retusa was from the Philippines, Cuming 1223, supplemented by Cuming 1593; the former has leaflets somewhat smaller than those of typical A. littoralis, but the latter has them intermediate in size, while among the numerous specimens cited above all intergradations can be found. The refuse apices of the leaflets is by no means a constant character. The original description of Albizzia littoralis calls for flowers sessile or minutely pedicelled, but Koorders and Yaleton, who had before them authentic material collected by Teysmann in Amboina, state that the pedicels are 3 to 4 mm long, which agrees with our Philippine material. The gland characters given by Prain to distinguish this species from Albizzia procera will not hold, as glands are found on both the primary and secondary
ENUMERATION OE PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
23
rachises in both species. It can at once be distinguished from A. procera by its pedicelled flowers, and entirely different pods. It is manifestly closely allied to Albizzia lebbeck, although very distinct from that species. The pods of the two are very similar.
4. Albizzia lebbeck (Linn.) Bentli. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 87, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 562 (lebbek) ; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 298; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 316; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 120, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. lf5, fig. E; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 257.
Mimosa lebbeck Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 516.
Acacia lebbeck Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1066.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Bur. Sci. 10098 McGregor : Manila, Ahern 721, 7 41, Merrill 2777, For. Bur. 19015, 19061 Curran (all from cultivated trees: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 15559 Curran (from cultivated tree). Palawan, For. Bur. 150 44 Danao.
This species is almost certainly not a native of the Philippines; all the specimens seen from Luzon are from cultivated trees, but Danao states that the specimen from Palawan came from the forest. It appears to be wild in the drier parts of Africa and Asia, and is now widely cultivated in many parts of the world, China, Japan, West Indies, South America, etc. Most authors have followed DeCandolle and Bentham and spelled the specific name “lebbek,” the original is, however, “lebbeck.”
5. Albizzia lebbekoides (DC.) Bentli. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844)
89, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1870) 568; Koord. & Valet. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 11 (1894) 306; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 62; Prain in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 513.
Acacia lebbekoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 467; Decne. Ann. Mus. Paris 3 (1834) 461.
Mimosa carisquis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 734, ed. 2 (1845) 507; ed. 3, 3: 137.
Albizzia julibrissin F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75, non Durazz.
Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14521 Darling: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13806 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 14324 Saroca: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 831(5 Curran d Merritt: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1126, 1857, 3305 Ahern’s collector : Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n., For. Bur. 634 7 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9815 Merritt.
Native names: Malaghanip (Rizal); carisquis (Abra, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija) .
Usually found at low altitudes, and often back of mangrove swamps, ascending to 600 m in Abra.
Burma and Siam to Java and Timor.
6. Albizzia marginata (Lam.) comb. nov.
Mimosa marginata Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 12.
Mimosa stipulata Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 40, nomen, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 549 (stipulacea) .
Acacia marginata Ham. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5243, nomen.
Albizzia stipulata Boiv. Encycl. XIX Siecle 2: 33; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 92, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 568; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 300; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 255, 515; Koord. & Valet. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 11 (1894) 303.
Albizzia julibrissin Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 28; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 5, non Durazz.
24
MERRILL.
Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. 11/523 Darling : Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 18021 Merritt, For. Bur. 10861 Curran: Manila, Ahern 71/3: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1865, Decades Philip. Forest FI. 215 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 601/0 Kobbe : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 17319 Curran, For. Bur. 13377 Cortes.
Native names: Malagahanip (Tayabas); malatiqui (Rizal); malasampaloc ( Bataan ) .
Tropical Asia to the Andaman Islands, Southern China, Java, and probably other islands of the Malay Archipelago.
I can see no valid reason why Lamarck’s specific name should not be adopted, as it is much the earliest one for the species. Bentham 10 states that it is evident from the description and citation that Lamarck’s species is referable to Albiszia stipulata Boiv., and not to A. odoratissima Benth. Lamarck’s specimens were from Pondichery, and he also refers to Rheede, Hort. Malabar. 6: 9, tab. 5, as representing the species. The reference to Albiszia marginata Ham. Wall. Cat. no. 5243, in “Index Kewensis,” does not constitute a valid transfer. Most of the specimens cited above have been distributed as Albiszia julibrissin Durazz., but some of the material recently collected shows the very large stipules charac- teristic of Albiszia marginata, hence the specimens are here referred to the latter.
7. Albizzia saponaria (Lour.) Blume ex Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 19; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 561; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 120; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 6.
Mimosa saponaria Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 653.
Inga saponaria Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1008.
Albiszia lucida Merr. in Forestry Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 23, non
Benth.
Albiszia tomentella Merr. 1. c., non Miq.?
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13883 Merritt & Darling, For. Bur. 11/696 Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5266 Klemme: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 5132 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8269 Curran <£ Merritt: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 9612 Zschokke, For. Bur. 5779 Curran, Merrill 1390 : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1563, 1932 Borden, For. Bur. 11/98 Aherii/s collector, For. Bur. 5298, 51/68 Curran, Merrill 1515, For. Bur. 81/9 Maule, For. Bur. 20001 Topacio : Province of Rizal, Decades Philip. Forest Flora no. 81/ Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 132 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 3339 Ahern’s collector, For. Bur. 5195 Curran, Bur. Sci. 1509 Ramos: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 1001/9 Curran: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 12268 Rosen- bluth, Merrill 2602, For. Bur. 10285 Curran: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 101/21/ Curran: Province of Albay, Bur. Sci. 2878, 2879 M earns. Mindoro, McGregor 260, Merrill 2213, 2368, 21/51, 21/69, For. Bur. 111/19 Merritt. Ticao, For. Bur. 1012 Clark. Masbate, Merrill 3377, For. Bur. 1009 Clark, Whit ford 1681. Guimabas, For. Bur. 305 Gammill. Samar, For. Bur. 12881/ Rosenbluth. Leyte, Elmer 731/0. Negros, For. Bur. 171/23 Curran. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Williams 2095, For. Bur. 9003 Whitford & Hutchinson, Ahern 395, For. Bur. 9520 Hutchinson: Province of Surigao, Ahern 678, For. Bur. 7575 Hutchinson. Basilan, Hallier s. n.
Native names: maratica (Ilocos Norte and Sur) ; gogon-toco (Pangasinan, Pampanga, Rizal, Bataan) ; malatuco (Pampanga, Rizal, Laguna) ; gogo-casay ( Tayabas ) ; salunguigui (Mindoro, Ticao, Masbate); salukugui (Samar); pip* (Negros); saluncugui, salancugui, siangcugi (Mindanao).
The range of this species is somewhat doubtful, but it is probably rather widely
10 Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 569.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
25
distributed in the Malay Archipelago. It was based on the description and very crude figure of Cortex saponarius given by Rumphius in “Herbarium Amboinense”
4 (1743) 131, pi. 66. I believe that there is very little doubt but that the material cited above represents the species, and consider it very doubtful if Albizsia tomentella Miq. will prove to be distinct. The bark contains a consider- able amount of saponin, and is used throughout the Philippines as a substitute for soap. The species is variable in vegetative characters, large and small leaflets being frequently found on the same specimen.
8. Albizzia acle (Blanco) comb. nov.
Mimosa acle Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 738, ed. 2 (1845) 509, ed. 3, 3: 140.
Xylia dolabriformis Vid. Cat. PL Prov. Manila (1880) 28; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73, non Benth.
Pithecoloiium acle Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 121; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61, Forestry Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 23; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 4.
A tree, reaching a height of 25 or 30 m, glabrous or nearly so except the inflorescence. Branches terete, gray or brown, usually strongly lenticellate. Leaves bipinnate, the petiole 2 to 5 cm long, with a single large gland at the apex ; pinnas a single pair only, their rachises with a gland between each pair of petiolules ; leaflets 2- to 4-j ugate, the upper- most ones of each pinna the largest, when young very thinly membra- naceous, becoming chartaceous, or ultimately even subcoriaceous, ovate to elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate, often somewhat inequilateral, the largest ones up to 18 cm long and sometimes 8 cm wide, the lower ones smaller, shining when dry, the base acute or rounded, the apex distinctly blunt- or sharp-acuminate; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; petiolules 1.5 to 3 mm long. Inflorescences usually appearing with the leaves, axillary, softly pubes- cent, of many, fasciculate, rather densely disposed short panicles, the ultimate branches or peduncles to the heads of flowers 4 cm long or less. Flowers greenish- white, sessile, 10 to 15 in each head. Calyx somewhat tubular, pubescent, about 3 mm long, with 5 short teeth. Corolla pubes- cent, narrowly funnel-shaped, about 7 mm long. Stamens many, much exserted. Pods 20 to 40 cm long, varying from 3.5 to 5 cm in width, straight, indehiscent, thickly'' coriaceous, the base usually acute, the apex acuminate or rounded, sometimes slightly retuse and apiculate, con- stricted between the seeds, but without dissepiments, opposite the seeds much inflated, ultimately breaking irregularly across the pods at the constrictions between the seeds, and also breaking from the continuous and somewhat thickened margins. Seeds 10 to 12 in each pod, elliptic, about 2 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 7 or 8 mm thick, dark-reddish-brown, not arillate, marked on both sides with a horseshoe-shaped scar or line.
Luzon; Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 13001 Paraiso : Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 11053 Saroca, For. Bur. 9602 Zschokke: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 14355 Villamil: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2914, Hallier s. n., For. Bur. ■ 8123 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 11041 Zschokke, For. Bur. 5816, 5835
26
MERRILL.
Curran: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1306, 1635, 5035, Decades Philip. Forest Flora no. 53 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, Whitford 35, 1367, Williams 371, Elmer 6688, For. Bur. 5291, 6291, 6375 Curran, Bur. Sci. 1566 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 687, 689, 7 20 Borden, For. Bur. 366, 507 Barnes: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 201t7, 2595, For. Bur. 1251 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 11)91)1) Darling, For. Bur. 6066 Kobbe, For. Bur. 11517 Whitford, Bagger s. n., For. Bur. 10261 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern 11)2: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10622 Curran. Mix- dobo, For. Bur. 9723bis Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 71)29, 1121)9 Manalo, Curran s. n. Masbate, For. Bur. 995 Clark, For. Bur. 12579, 12602 Rosenbluth. Negros, For. Bur. 11238 Everett, For. Bur. 18230 Rosenbluth.
Native names: Acle (in most islands and provinces where it is found, and its commercial name) ; quitaquita (Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Zambales) ; tili, teles (Zambales) ; langin (Masbate) ; sauriri (Palawan) ; banuyo (Negros).
After a careful study of the above material, I am convinced that the species must be referred to Albizzia, rather than to Pithecolobium, where it was placed by Vidal. It differs from Pithecolobium, at least from the majority of the species now referred to that genus, in its straight and indehiscent pods, the first character being true of all species of Albizzia known to me, while a number of species have indehiscent pods. The seeds of Albizzia acle have on both sides rather distinct horseshoe-shaped markings,, corresponding to the circular, oblong, oval, or elliptic markings on the seeds of Albizzia spp., and Enterolobium saman, while none of the species of Pithecolobium in this herbarium show corresponding scars or lines. The bark of Albizzia acle contains a considerable amount of saponin, like that Albizzia saponaria Blume, and like that of the latter species, is used by the natives as a substitute for soap; I know of no species of Pithe- colobium having this property. The wood of this species has been described by Foxworthy;11 it is dark-colored, moderately hard and heavy, and in structure and properties much more like that of various species of Albizzia than of Pithe- colobium. Among the Philippine species it is most closely allied to Albizzia saponaria Bl.
Albizzia acle is a valuable timber tree in the Philippines, and is widely distributed at low altitudes. It is commercially known as acle, and the timber is used for many purposes.
Endemic.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Albizzia lucida (Roxb.) Benth. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75.
An Asiatic species, doubtfully extending to Singapore and Java, and not definitely known from the Philippines. Probably an erroneous identification on the part of F.-Villar for some form of A. saponaria Bl.
Albizzia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth.; F.-Vill. 1. c.
Like the preceding, a species not definitely known from the Philippines. Prob- ably an erroneous identification for A. lebbekoides Benth.
5. WALLACEODENDRON Koorders.
1. Wailaceodendron celebicum Koord. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 446, 631; Gilg in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 30; Merr. Forest. Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 23, Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 409; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 5.
Pithecolobium williamsii Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 ( 1907 ) 223.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 1)098 Fenix: Province of Cagayan,
11 This Journal 2 (1907) Botany 269.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
27
For. Bur. 11302 Klemme, For. Bur. 11120, 1121k Curran, For. Bur. 181/30, 18521 Alvarez, For. Bur. 13116 Bernardo: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 1857k Alvarez: Province of Benguet, Elmer 8833 (type number of Pithecolobium williamsii Elm.) : Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2026, For. Bur. 103k3, 10380 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern J/9bis, For. Bur. '101/68, 10655 Curran. Ticao, For. Bur. 15191 Bosenbluth, For. Bur. 2533 Clark. Burias, For. Bur. 1130 Clark. Masbate, For. Bur. 12605, 12825 Bosenbluth. Samar, For. Bur. 128kk Rosenbluth. Negros, For. Bur. 8506 Everett.
Native names : Banuyo ( Tayabas, Samar, Masbate, Burias, Ticao, Camarines ) ; lupigui (Cagayan, Isabela) ; melmel, dauer (Cagayan).
A monotypic genus at present known only from Celebes and the Philippines, growing especially near the seashore, but also occurring inland and at considerable altitudes. It undoubtedly belongs in the Mimosoideae-Ingeae, although in fruit characters it is closer to some of the genera in Mimosoideae-Piptadenieae. It is well characterized by its dehiscent pods, the exocarp of which is not transversely jointed, and which is free from the transversely septate endocarp, the latter forming a somewhat loose, parchment-like, more or less inflated envelope surround- ing each seed, quite similar to that of Entada, and doubtless an adaptation for dispersal of the seeds by water. The timber is of considerable value, and has been considered by Foxworthy,12 under the head of Banuyo.
6. ACACIA Willd.
Leaves reduced to simple, flat, narrowly lanceolate, somewhat falcate phyllodia,
G to 11 cm long; heads axillary, solitary, peduneled 1. A. confusa
Leaves all bipinnate.
Erect shrubs or small trees with stipular spines; heads solitary or fascicled, axillary; pods cylindric 2. A. farnesiana
Scandent shrubs with non-spinescent stipules and with prickly branches; heads mostly panicled, sometimes axillary; pods flat.
Heads fascicled or subpaniculately racemose at the nodes; pods thickened,
more or less depressed and septate between the seeds 3. A. rugata
Heads usually in terminal panicles ; pods thin, not septate between the seeds. Leaflets oblong, 2 to 3 mm wide, not closely crowded, the costa submedian,
at least well removed from the upper margin 4. A. caesia
Leaflets linear to linear-oblong, 1 to 1.3 mm wide, crowded, the costa close to the upper margin, at least near the base of the leaflets.
5. A. pennata
1. Acacia confusa sp. nov.
Acacia richii Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 215; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 6; Mats. & Playata Enum. PI. Formosa (1906) 117; non A. Gray.
Arbor glabra 6 ad 15 in alta, differt a A. richii A. Gray phyllodinis angustioribus longioribusque, distincte plus falcatis, nervis paucioribus, leguminibus angustioribus, eapitulis solitariis, non fasciculatis.
A glabrous tree 6 to 15 m high. Branches terete, gray or brown, lenticellate, the branchlets rather slender. Phyllodes narrowly lanceolate, subcoriaceous, rather distinctly falcate, 6 to 11 cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide, gradually narrowed at both ends, the apex rather blunt, sometimes subacute; nerves about 5, distinct. Heads axillary, solitary, about 5
12 This Journal 2 (1907) Botany 376.
28
MERRILL.
mm in diameter, the peduncles slender, about 1 cm long. Flowers yellow, with a faint odor, the calyx 2 mm long. Pods 4 to 9 cm long, 7 to 10 mm wide, dark-colored when dry, shining, base acute or acu- minate, the apex acute or somewhat curved-apiculate, somewhat inflated opposite the seeds and frequently constricted between them, scarcely reticulated. Seeds 4 to 8 in each pod, elliptic, compressed, 5 mm long, their longer diameter arranged parallel with the pod, not at right angles to it.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Merrill 2114 (type), For. Bur. 5922, 7010 Curran. Formosa, Henry 77//.
Acacia richii is said to be represented also by the following Formosan speci- mens, which I have not seen: Olclliam 193, Swinhoe s. n., Ford s. n., -fide Forbes & Hemsley; Faurie 41, 141, fide Matsumura and Hayata.
After a careful examination of the Philippine material, and a specimen of Henry 774 from Formosa, and comparison of this material with the original description and figure, as well as with a typical phylloclade from the type collection of Acacia richii A. Gray, I am convinced that the form above described as Acacia confusa is specifically distinct from Gray’s species. About four years ago Dr. C. B. Robinson, then at the New York Botanical Garden, called my attention to the differences between the Philippine material and the type collection of A. richii, and kindly supplied me with a fragment of the latter, expressing the opinion that two species were represented, an opinion in which I entirely concur.
Native names: Ayangili, ualisin (Zambales).
Luzon and Formosa.
2. Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd. Sp. PL 4 (1805) 1083; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 502; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 292; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 45, fig ■ C, Rev. PI. Yasc. Filip. (1886) 119; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74.
Mimosa farnesiana Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 521; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 729, ed. 2 (1845) 504, ed. 3, 3: 133.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17041 Curran: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 16561 Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 14083 Merritt & Darling: Province of Union, Elmer 5598: Manila, Merrill 3461: Province of Laguna, Elmer: Province of Rizal, Licup 382, Merrill 1641: Province of Bataan, Elmer 7003, Williams 361 : Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 2359 M earns. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8564 Merritt. Masbate, Merrill 3404- Guimaras, For. Bur. 47 Ritchie. Min- danao, For. Bur. 3915 Hutchinson, Copeland s. n.
Quite universally known in the Philippines by the name aroma, of Spanish origin; in Ilocos Sur, candaroma.
Probably a native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of the world; common and widely distributed at low altitudes in the Philippines and entirely naturalized.
3. Acacia rugata (Lam.) Ham. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5251.
Mimosa rugata Lam. Eneycl. 1 (1783) 20.
Mimosa concinna Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1039.
Acacia conciima DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 464; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.. 30 (1875) 531; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 296; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 111, Rev. PI. Vase. (1886) 120.
Acacia philippinarum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1 (1842) 514, quoad no. 1166 Cuming.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
29
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5689.
Acacia philippinarum Benth. was based on two specimens, one of which is referable to A. rugata {A. concinna) , to which Bentham himself reduced the species, and the other is Acacia caesia Willd.
Apparently not common in the Philippines ; India to southern China and the Malay Archipelago.
4. Acacia caesia (Linn.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1090; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 530; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 6; Trimen FI. Ceylon 2 (1894) 127.
Mimosa caesia Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 522.
Mimosa intsia Linn. 1. e.
Acacia intsia Willd. 1. c. 1091; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 297; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 45, fig. D, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 120; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 62.
Acacia concinna Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 374, non DC.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5267 Klemme: Province of Bataan, Williams 478, Merrill 3796: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1431, 4378 Ramos, Merrill 2812, For. Bur. 3255 Ahern’s collector.
Native names: Salsalomague (Ilocos Sur); daug, camat-cabay (Bataan); daug-manoc, sibog-aso (Rizal).
Widely distributed in India and Ceylon, extending to Java and Sumatra, but not reported from the Malay Peninsula or from southern China. The specific name caesia has only page priority over intsia and has been here adopted following Bentham and Trimen. Trimen, l. c., states that Acacia intsia can not be distin- guished from A. caesia, even as a variety.
5. Acacia pennata (Linn.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1090; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 530; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 297; Trimen FI. Ceylon 2 (1894) 127; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 75; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 111, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 120; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 250, 510.
Mimosa pennata Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 522.
Mimosa tenuifolia Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 739, ed. 2 (1845) 510, ed. 3, 3: 141, non Linn.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4038 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2891 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 1660.
Native name: Sibog (Rizal).
Var. arrophula (Don) Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 298; Prain 1. c.
Palawan, Bur. Sci. 897 Foxworthy.
Var. pluricapitata (Steud.) Baker 1. c.; Prain 1. c.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Elmer' 9340.
Tropical Asia and Africa to southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd, as interpreted by recent botanists, contains several rather distinct forms, three of which are found in the Philippines. I am not at all sure that the specimens above referred to the species represent the typical form. As here interpreted, it is characterized by its small and raised basal petiolar gland, with few small glands on the rachis, and its axillary, fascicled or solitary heads, which are sometimes arranged in short racemes. The var. arrophula is characterized by a large basal petiolar gland, with few small ones on the upper part of the rachis, while the var. pluricapitata is distinguished by its heads being arranged in ample terminal panicles, small, raised basal petiolar gland, and numerous small glands on the rachis, one between every pair of pinnae,
30
MERRILL.
except the lower three or four. Prain 13 has expressed the opinion that both the varieties arroplmla and pluricapitata are worthy of specific rank, but that the point can only be determined satisfactorily by a monographic revision of the Indian species. I have here followed Baker and Prain, as there is not sufficient Indian material in our herbarium to determine the limits of the various forms.
Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don Gen. Syst. 2 (1832) 407; Benth. FI. Austr. 2 (1864) 411.
This Australian species has been recently introduced, and is cultivated at Lamao, Province of Bataan, Luzon, where it has been collected by Mr. Cuzner, by Mr. Curran, For. Bur. 121(04, and by Dr. Shaw.
7. LEUCAENA Benth.
1. Leucaena glauca (Linn.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4 (1842) 416, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 443; Baker in Hook f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 290; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. Jf5, fig. B; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 1(00.
Mimosa glauca Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 520.
Acacia glauca Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1075.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5565, 5651(: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 11(021, 14022 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 11055 Saroca: Province of Cavite, Bur. Sci. 1287 Mangubat : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 7515 Curran: Province of Laguna, Williams 201(7: Manila, Merrill 1(9, McGregor 39: Province of Rizal, Merrill 2730, 1880: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 566: Prov- ince of Albay, Bur. Sci. 2897 Mearns. Panay, For. Bur. 113 Gammill. Basilan, For. Bur. 3970 Hutchinson.
Native names: Agho (Panay); datels (Leyte); comcompitis (Ilocos Sur); in some provinces (Cavite, Pampanga, Rizal, Nueva Ecija, etc.), erroneously called acle, which properly belongs to Albizzia acle.
A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in tropical and sub- tropical parts of the world; very abundant and widely distributed in the Philip- pines at low altitudes, the timber being used for house posts and for firewood. In Leyte the seeds are used by the natives as a substitute for coffee.
8. SCHRANKIA Willd.
' 1. Schrankia quadrivalvis (Linn.) comb. nov.
Mimosa quadrivalvis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 522; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 732, ed. 2 (1845) 506, ed. 3, 3: 135.
Schrankia aculeata Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1041; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 441; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Cagayan, L. Borja, December, 1907. Luzon, Province of Batangas, Bauang (fide Blanco).
This genus is confined entirely to America, except for the above species which appears to be the only one that has established itself in the East. It was probably introduced into the Philippines at the time the colony was governed as a dependency of Mexico, when all communication between Spain and the Philippines was via Vera Cruz and Acapulco, Mexico. In spite of its apparently early introduction, it does not appear to be at all common in the Philippines. The earliest specific name is adopted.
Native name: Bulong-siri (Misamis).
13 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 6 6 3 (1897) 250.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
31
9. MIMOSA Linn.
1. Mimosa pudica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 518; Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1031; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 397; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 291; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 253.
Mimosa asperata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 732, ed. 2 (1845) 505, ed. 3, 3: 134, non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Merrill 199: Province of Benguet, Williams 919: Province of Union, Elmer 5513: Manila, Merrill 31/68: Province of Panga- sinan, Merrill 2861: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3195 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 11/68 Reyes, Gregory 28, Merrill 21/11: Province of Albay, Bur. Sci. 6251 Robinson. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9211 Robinson. Cebu, Barrow 12. Panay, Yoder 18.
Universally known among the natives as macahia ( literally “ashamed” ) . The sensitive plant.
Throughout the Philippines at low altitudes, in open lands. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of the world, and in many regions an extremely troublesome weed.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Mimosa blancoana Llanos Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid 4 (1858) 503; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, 41 (1880) 103.
Nothing at all agreeing with the very imperfect description has been recently collected in the Philippines; it is possible that the description was based in part on fragmentary material of Entada scandens. It is not a Mimosa.
10. PROSOPIS Linn.
1. Prosopis vidaliana Naves in Epliem. “Oriente” (1877) fide F.-Villar, “Pro- sopis vidaliana” (1877) 1-19, pi. 1, 2, Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 392 ; Vidal Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 28, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 1/1/, fig. C.
Prosopis juliflora F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 7, non DC.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 310: Province of Rizal, Feliciano 291: Province of Bataan, Williams 319, For. Bur. 5931/, 15562 Curran, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 192 Borden, For. Bur. 56 Barnes. Basilan, Hallier s. n., DeVore & Hoover 12.
This species was originally described by Naves in a daily or weekly paper published in Manila, and in the same year redescribed in detail and illustrated by two plates in a pamphlet entitled “Prosopis Vidaliana Naves. Descripcion de la especie botanica Prosopis Vidaliana de la Flora de Filipinas” issued to subscribers to the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas.” It was later reduced by F.-Villar to Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. which reduction has been accepted by recent authors.
Having noticed that the Philippine material differed remarkably from the single American specimen in this herbarium labeled Prosopis juliflora, I asked Dr. J. N. Rose to compare the Philippine material in the United States National Herbarium with American specimens of Prosopis. This he has kindly done, and writes as follows : “I do not think your species is the same as any of our United States ones. It is not the same as the one of central and southern Mexico, which is probably P. dulcis. Neither do I think that it is P. juliflora of the West Indies. It resembles very much some unidentified material of mine from the west coast [of Mexico]. The pods of your Philippine plants are rather
32
MERRILL.
peculiar in that they are straight below and with rather an abrupt bepd near the top. It is a constant character.”
I feel rather confident that this species is a native of Mexico, and that it was introduced into the Philippines at the time when communication with Spain and Manila was via Vera Cruz and Acapulco, in spite of the fact that it was not described by Father Blanco. While it is undoubtedly allied to Prosopis juUfiora, and may possibly be interpreted as an extreme form of that variable species, it is considered best to retain it as a distinct species for the present.
11. ADENANTHERA Linn.
]. Adenanthera intermedia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 228.
Mimosa virgata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 737, non Linn.
Mimosa punctata Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 508, ed. 3, 3: 139, non Linn.
Adenanthera pavonina Auct. Philip., non Linn.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes, represented by numerous specimens cited by myself 1. c.
Native names: Tanglin (Bataan) ; malabago (Masbate) ; baguiroro (Albay) ; pamiasin (Zambales) ; ipil-taiiglin, butario (Cagayan); malasagad (Bizal) ; qui- nasacasai, ex Blanco.
Endemic.
12. ENTADA Adans.
Leaflets 3 to 10 cm long; pods 0.5 to 1 m long 1. E. scandens
Leaflets less than 1.5 cm long; pods 10 to 25 cm long.... 2. E. parvifolia
1. Entada scandens (Linn.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4 (1842) 332, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 363; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 287; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 44, fig. A.
Mimosa scandens Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1501.
Mimosa entada Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 518.
Adenanthera gogo Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 353.
Entada pursaetha DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 425; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 247, ed. 3, 2: 96.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16982 Bacani: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 16564 Darling: Province of Benguet, Elmer 8977: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 48: Province of Bizal, For. Bur. 2901 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2542 Borden: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 12256 Curran. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9247, 9269 Robmson. Mindoro, For. Bur. 11423 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 4500 Curran. Leyte, For. Bur. 12450 Danao. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 365.
Native names: Gogo (in most Provinces in Luzon); barugo (Leyte); balugo (Mindoro) ; lipai (Abra, Ilocos Sur & Norte, Union) ; bayogo, gogong-bacay, ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the tropics of the world, in the Philippines common, especially at low altitudes, the stems extensively used as a substitute for soap.
The nomenclature of this genus and species is somewhat complicated, and in accepting the above binomial I have followed general usage. As to the genus, Entada was first published in 1763 11 but is not the earliest proposed name. O. Kuntze15 has adopted the generic name Pusaetha Linn. FI. Zeyl. (1747) 236, in which he has been followed by Taubert,16 but this name as a genus apparently
“Adans. Fam. 2 (1763) 318.
15 Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 204.
36 Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 3 (1894) 122.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
33
lias no standing according to any generally accepted rules, as it was not adopted by Linnaeus in his later works, and can hence be ignored. Gigalobium 17 is another synonym, but as to the validity of the publication of this as a generic name, I am unable to determine, as the work in question is not available here. Recently W. F.: Wight18 has taken up the binomial “Lens phaseoloides Stickman Herb. Amb. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4: 128, 1759,” which 'may be the earliest valid generic name, but which is apparently not the earliest specific designation; the generic name has moreover been generally adopted by later authors for an entirely different genus- in the same family, and it is not reasonable to suppose than many botanists will willingly follow Wight’s lead in adopting the generic name Lens in place of Entada, which will necessitate a new generic designation for the genus Lens Gren. & Godr., which in turn, according to “Index Kewensis,” was based on the much earlier Lens (Tourn.) Linn. Syst. ed. 1 (1735). The case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
As to the specific name, the earliest valid one is apparently Mimosa entada Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 518, based on FI. Zeyl. 219, and Entada Rheede Hort. Malabar. 9: 151, t. 67 (later authors. Trimen, Baker, etc., cite the plate as t. 77). Accord- ing to Trimen 10 both references are Entada scanj,dens. Bentham 10 • has, however, referred Mimosa entada Linn, to Entada polystachya DC., an American species,: after examining the specimen in the Linnean Herbarium. The specimen is, how- ever, not the type of the species, and accordingly has no bearing on the case.
2. Entada parvifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 229.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n., Bur. Sci. 4810, 5067 Ramos: Prov- ince of Bataan, For. Bur. 20028 Topacio.
Native name: Einagui.
Used as a substitute for soap.
Endemic.
13. PARKIA R. Br.
/ 1. Parkia timoriana (DC.) comb. nov.
Inga timoriana DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 442.
Mimosa liglobosa Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 551, non Jacq.
Parkia roxburghii G. Don Gen. Syst. 2 (1832) 397; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 360; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1.878) 289; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 239; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 44, fig. D, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 119; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 7; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 62.
Acacia niopo Llanos Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid 4 (1858) 508, non HBK.
Mimosa peregrina Blanco FI, Filip. (1837) 737, ed. 2 (1845) 509, ed. 3, 3: 139, non Linn.
Luzon, without locality, Loher 2182: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5986 Curran: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 89, 323 Barnes, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 79 Barnes, Merrill 1530, 5142, Elmer 6888, For. Bur. 1290, 1320,. 1518, 1549, 1614, 1626, 2132 Borden, Bur. Sci. 1569 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5275 Curran: Manila, Ahern 702: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 17 Ware. Palawan, For. Bur. 5183 Manalo.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes, indigenous, never cultivated; quite universally known as cupang. Timor (typical form) ; cultivated
17 P. Br. Hist. Jamaic. (1756) 362.
18 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 307, 308, pi. LVI.
19 FI. Ceylon 2 (1894) 119.
20Trans. Linn. Soc. 30 (1875) 364.
93664 3
34
MERRILL.
in Java, and, according to Prain, in Indo-China, wild in Silhet, Caehar, and Chittagong.
Inga timoriana DC. was reduced by Bentham to Parkia roxburghii G. Don, and following the principles of priority, the earliest specific name must be adopted. In order to be sure of the identity of the Philippine plant with DeCandolle’s species, material comprising flowers, fruits, and leaves of the Philippine plant, as well as fragments of two species cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, labeled Parkia intermedia Hassk., and P. roxburghii G. Don, was sent to M. C. DeCandolle for comparison with the type of Inga timoriana DC. I am indebted to him for the following statement: “I have entrusted to M. Buser the comparisons you desired to be made of three specimens of Parkia with Inga timoriana DC. and Parkia Roxburghii Don, and of the latter with what we have here under P. intermedia Hassk., in view of ascertaining if they are distinct species. M. Buser has submitted to me his following conclusions in which I entirely concur.
“ ‘Taking for the type of Parkia intermedia Hassk. the plant distributed under this name by Zollinger (n. 3586) there exists a complete identity with intermedia for the plant “ex Hort. Bot. Bogor. cult.” under the name of P. Roxburghii, but not for the plant labeled, ibidem, P. intermedia Hassk.
“ ‘P. intermedia Hassk. ( =Zollinger n. 3586, n. 736) and P. Roxburghii G. Don (Wall. Cat. 5288) are certainly two distinct species (see leaflets and floral characters ) .
“ ‘Inga ? timoriana DC. is the same plant as Barnes 323 = P. intermedia Hort. Bogor. cult., and quite different from true P. intermedia Hassk. In a broad sense it may be identified with P. Roxburghii Don, as done by Bentham; in a more restricted specific conception it may be regarded as a species of secondary order.
“ ‘Roxburghii: rhachide rotundato-angulata, foliolis utrinque glaberri- mis, margine adpresse ciliatis, subconcoloribus, costa tenui, nervis secun- dariis inconspicuis, rhachilla tenuiore. Corollae segmentis extus hirsutis.
" ‘Timoriana : rhachide quadrangulari, foliolis utrinque, supra prae- sertim, plus minus pilosis, subtus pallidioribus, costa latiuseula, nervis secundariis supra subreticulate-prominulis, rhachilla latiore; corollae seg- mentis (Barnes 89) glaberrimis.’ ”
The specimens sent for comparison were For. Bur. 323 Barnes (leaves and fruits), with flowers of For. Bur. 89 Barnes from the same locality (Lamao River, Province of Bataan, Luzon), and two specimens from trees cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, one labeled “Cult, in Hort. Bog. I, B, 51, Parkia intermedia Hassk.,” which is not Hasskarl’s species, but is Parkia timoriana, and the other labeled “I, B, 4 = 48 = 50, Parkia Roxburghii Don,” which is not Don’s species but is P. intermedia Hassk. Prain 21 who has worked over the species of Parkia occurring in the Malay Peninsula, also expresses the opinion that P. roxburghii Don, and P. intermedia Hassk., are distinct. Com- parative studies with a full series of specimens of typical P. roxburghii G. Don, and P. timoriana may show the distinguishing characters indicated above to be constant, and the two species worthy of specific rank, a point that is left for some future monographer to decide.
21 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 240.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
35
14. ERYTHROPHLOEUM Afzel.
1. Erythrophloeum densiflorum (Elm.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bat. 267.
Cynometra densiflora Elmer Leafl. Philip: Bot. 1 (1907) 222.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17198 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Elmer 901b (type number), For. Bur. 1015b, 10215, 10272 Curran, For. Bur. 11513 Whitford, For. Bur. 12507 Rosenblunth. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9163 Whitford & Hutchinson (probably, specimen sterile).
Native names: Camatog, calamantao, tacloban (Tayabas); salsal (Cagayan).
Endemic. Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes.
The generic distribution is peculiar, about five species being found in tropical Africa and Madagascar, one in Australia, one in the Philippines, and one in southern China.
Since the above transfer to Erythrophloeum was published, I have received a note from the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, verifying its correctness.
15. CYNOMETRA Linn.
Flowers on the stem and thick branches in racemes with a produced axis;
pedicels glabrous; leaflets 1-jugate 1. C. cauliflora
Flowers in the leaf-axils on the branchlets, in racemes or corymbs without a produced axis; pedicels puberulous.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets 1-2- jugate.
Leaflets 2-jugate, the lower pair usually very much smaller than the up- per.
Leaflets usually blunt-acuminate, the acumen broad and retuse at the
apex; pods not or but slightly rugose 2. C. inaequifolia
Leaflets usually acuminate, sometimes rounded, but scarcely retuse at the
apex; pods rugose - 3. C. bijuga
Leaflets 1-jugate.
Leaflets 10 to 14 cm long 4. C. ramiflora
Leaflets 1 to 6 cm long 5. C. warburgii
Leaves reduced to single leaflets.
Leaflets up to 12 cm long, the apex sharply acuminate, the base broad,
rounded, subcordate 6. C. luzoniensis
Leaflets usually less than 10 cm in length, the apex broadly and bluntly acuminate, the base narrowed, acute 7. C. simplicifolia
1. Cynometra cauliflora Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 382; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 268; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 197; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. lt3, fig. H; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 213.
Cynometra acutiflora Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 118, sphalm.
Luzon, Manila, Vidal 1278, Loher 2205, in Herb. Kew., from a specimen cultivated in the old Botanical Garden.
This species has properly no place in the Philippine flora, except as a cultivated plant, or one that was cultivated, as the tree from which Vidal and Loher collected their material is no longer in existence. Loher’s specimen is labeled as having been collected in the Botanical Garden, but Vidal’s specimen bears only the label “Luzon;” in his “Revision,” however, he adds Manila, and tracing the matter back further, we find that his drawing in the “Sinopsis Atlas,” was from this Botanical Garden specimen. F.-Villar’s reference is undoubtedly to this same tree.
36
MERRILL.
Malaya ; cultivated occasionally in India and the Malay Peninsula, fide Prain. Koorders 22 says that in Java it is cultivated for its edible fruit, and thinks it probably a native of India.
2. Cynometra inaequifolia A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 473; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 118; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) 'Suppl. 63, 3 (1908) Bot. 82.
Schotia speciosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 356, ed. 2 (1845) 251, ed. 3, 2: 100, non Jacq.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Cuming 1297 in Herb. Kew. : Province of Zam- bales, For. Bur. 11038 Zschokke: Province of Laguna, Wilkes Expedition in U. S. Nat. Hei'b. (type), For. Bur. 10053 Curran: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 7629 Curran & Merritt: Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n. : Province of Rizal, Merrill 1861, 2671/, For. Bur. 2883 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 3336 Ramos.
Native names: Dila-dila, cabilian (Rizal); palanapoy (Zambales) ; balitbitan, ex Blanco.
Endemic ?
This species has been reported from the Malay Peninsula by Baker 23 and Prain,24 but from the extended description given by the latter it seems to me that the form from the Malay Peninsula is distinct from that of Luzon, that is, true Cynometra inaequifolia A. Gray. The species is very closely allied to C. bijuga Spanoghe, and seems to be distinguishable only by comparatively trivial characters, larger, rather more coriaceous leaves which are somewhat pale beneath, their apices obscurely broad-acuminate and somewhat retuse, the veins and reticulations prominent, not obscure as stated by Prain for this species, and its nearly smooth or only slightly rugose pods.
3. Cynometra bi juga^Spanoghe in Linnaea 15 (1841) 201, nomen; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 78; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 7.
Cynometra ramiflora subsp. bijuga Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 198.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Eallier s. n. Leyte, For. Bur. 12727 Rosenbluth. Palawan, For. Bur. 3785 Curran.
Var. mimosoides (Wall.). >
Cynometra mimosoides Wall. Cat. (1832) No. 5817.
Cynometra ramiflora var. mimosoides Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 267; Prain 1. c.
Panay, Cuming 1652. Mindanao, For. Bur. 11555 Whitford, leaves only.
What I take to be typical Cynometra bijuga Spanoghe ( C. ramiflora var. hete- rophylla Thwaites ) extends, according to Prain, from Ceylon to the Andaman Islands, Johore, Perak, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Timor. As to the specific name, Prain suggests that Cynometra mimosoides Wall, should be taken up according to strict priority, but like the original publication of C. bijuga, C. mimosoides was a nomen nudum. C. bijuga Spanoghe was, however, described in 1855, but I have found no record of a printed description of C. mimosoides Wall, before the year 1878, and then only as a variety of C. ramiflora. The var. mimosoides extends from Ceylon to India and the Andaman Islands.
22 Meded. ‘s Lands Plantent. 11 (1894) 271.
23 Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 267.
24 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 199.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
37
4. Cynometra ramiflora Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 382, excl. syn. Rheede Hort. Malabar. 4: 65, t. 31; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 267; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Behg. 66 2 (1897) 197, var. genuina.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16961 Curran: Province of Bulaean, For. Bur.. 7214 Curran: Province of Tayabas (Infanta), Whitford 8 41.
Native name: Comon (Cagayan).
Ceylon to Java, Ceram, Amboina, and ( ?) northern Australia.
From an examination of the available Philippine and the scanty extra-Phil- ippine material available here, I am inclined to consider this form specifically distinct from C. bijuga Spanoghe, its leaves apparently always being 1-jugate, while in the latter species they are 2-jugate. The specimens cited above are a very close match for t. 63 of Rumphius’s “Herbarium Amboinense,” the first figure cited by Linnaeus in establishing the species. The typical and allied forms have been fully discussed by Prain, l. c.
5. Cynometra warburgii Harms in Notizbl. Kgl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3 (1902) 187.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Warburg 12421, 12086 in Herb. Berol.
Endemic.
Characterized by its 1-jugate, comparatively small leaflets.
6. Cynometra luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 266.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2128.
Characterized by its simple leaves, the solitary leaflet sharply acuminate at the apex, the base broad, rounded and subcordate.
Endemic.^
7. (Cynometra simplicifoliajHarms in Notizbl. Kgl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3 (1902) 186; Merr. in Philip: JoufnT^Sci. 1 (1908) Suppl. 63.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Cuming 1134 (type number) : Povince of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 6035 Zschokke: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1137 Borden, Whitford s. n., For. Bur. 6390 Curran: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 1628 Curran & Merritt : Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10351 Curran. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 1537 Bermejos, For. Bur. 9908 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Davao, For. Bur. 11549 Whitford. Basilan, Eallier s. n.
Native names: Malatumbaga (Nueva Ecija) ; macanit (Tayabas) ; lanis (Da- vao) ; betis (Batangas).
Endemic.
Var. oblongata var. nov.
Differt a typo foliis longioribus, oblongo-lanceolatis ad oblongo-ellip- ticis, sensim acuminatis, usque ad 14 cm longis.
The leaves are subcoriaceous, not pale beneath as is usually the case with C. simplicifolia, shining on both surfaces, gradually narrowed above to the apex, not blunt-acuminate, the base acute. The fruits are about 3 cm long and 2.2 cm wide, compressed, wrinkled when dry. Flowers unknown.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2918 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 3349, 5216 Ramos. Locally known as dila-dila.
The specimens are all in fruit, and it seems probable that when flowers are collected that it will be found to be specifically distinct from C. simplicifolia Harms.
38
MERRILL.
16. KINGIODENDRON Harms.
1. Kingiodendron alternifolium (Elmer) Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 267.
Cynometra alternifolia Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 223.
Hardwickia alternifolia Elmer 1. c. 362.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 14722 Darling: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10327, 10354 Curran, Bath s. n. : Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10671 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10624 Curran: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 15082 Rosenbluth. Masbate, Merrill 2761, Whitford 1679, For. Bur. 12668 Rosenbluth. Ticao, For. Bur. 12546 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 1084 Clark. Samar, For. Bur. 12851 Rosenbluth. Panay, Vidal 2468 in Herb. Kew. Leyte, For. Bur. 12711 Rosenbluth, Elmer 7366 (type number). Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9007, 9301 Whitford & Hutchinson, For. Bur. 11036 Whitford, For. Bur. 6567 Hutchinson ; District of Davao, Samal Island, For. Bur. 11550 Whitford.
Native names: Batete (Ticao, Masbate); dangay (Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Masbate) ; magbalogo (Samar) ; salalangin (Sorsogon) ; duca (Leyte) ; palina (Davao) ; palo maria, bitanhol (Zamboanga).
A genus of two known species, one in British India, and one in the Philippines.
Endemic.
17. SIN DORA Miq.
1. Sindora supa Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 198.
Sindora wallichii F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 43, fig. C, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 118, non Benth.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 23 Ware, Whitford 910, For. Bur. 859, 860 Bath, Merrill 1010, 2021, 2596, 2611, For. Bur. 7098 Kobbe, For. Bur. 10232, 10240, 10332 Curran: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 4533 Barredo, For. Bur. 10653 Curran: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 6678 Pray, For. Bur. 10592 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9863 Merritt.
Almost universally known as supa, less commonly, and more especially the oil, as manapo ; in Albay also known as pauna.
Endemic.
Very closely allied to Sindora wallichii Benth. of the Malay Peninsula.
As to the generic name, the question has been fully discussed by Prain,25 who calls attention to the fact that the earliest figure and description of any species in the genus is Caju Galedupa of Rumph. Herb. Amboinense 2: 59, t. 13, on which, with Pongam of Rheede Hort. Malabar, 6: t. 3, Lamarck in 1786 based his genus Galedupa. The first citation given by Lamarck is to Rumphius’s plate, from which also the generic name was taken. Technically, according to strict priority, the generic name for the species now placed under Sindora should be Galedupa, as Rumphius’s figure is apparently a, Sindora, and by no means the same as Pongam of Rheede. To complicate the matter, however, Lamarck’s description both of the genus Galedupa, and the species G. indica, applies to Pongam of Rheede, as noted by Prain, and not at all to Caju Galedupa of Rum- phius. In consideration of this fact I am of the opinion that Galedupa Lam., should be referred to Pongamia Vent., and that Sindora should be retained for the present genus. The case is not directly covered by the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
"Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 202, 479.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
39
18. CRUDIA Schreb.
Leaflets 5 to 9, 4 to 8 or 9 cm long 1. C. blancoi
Leaflets 1 or 2, 11 to 13 cm long * 2. C. subsimplieifolia
1. Crudia blancoi Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 309; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1886) 118.
Crudia spicata Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 261, ed. 3, 2: 121; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 21/1/; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 1,3, fig. B, non Willd.
Apalatoa blancoi Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 19.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Merrill s. n.: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 10082 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2661, 2956, 3071/, 3136 Ahern’s col- lector, Bur. Sci, 211/2, 3559 Ramos, Merrill 2658: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10775 Curran : Province of Bulacan, Mrs. Templeton.
Native name: Malatumbaga (Rizal, Laguna); calatumbaga (Bulacan).
Endemic.
Blanco’s description is imperfect, and in some respects erroneous, probably due to a mixture of material, as suggested by F.-Villar.
2. Crudia subsimplicifolia sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, usque ad 10 m alta; foliis alternis, uni- vel bifoliolatis, foliolis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, basi acutis, apice admodum abrupte acute acuminatis ; racemis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, quam folia brevioribus.
A glabrous tree about 10 m high. Branches terete, light-grayish- brown. Leaves alternate, pinnate, sometimes with one leaflet, sometimes with two, but the leaflets when two never opposite. Petiole and rachis rather stout, about 1 cm long. Leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, sub- coriaceous, slightly shining when dry and paler beneath than on the upper surface, the base acute, the apex rather abruptly and sharply acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long; nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petiolules stout, about 3 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary or in pairs, 6 cm long or less (young), glabrous, or with very few short hairs; pedicels short, about 1 mm long, each subtended by a small, slightly ciliate-hairy bracteole. Sepals 4, in bud 2 to 2.5 mm long. Stamens 10. Ovary densely hairy.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 1/287 Klemme, ' June, 1906, a specimen with, immature flowers, altitude about 10 m. Locally known to the Negritos as Tambali.
A species manifestly closely allied to Crudia bantamensis ( Hassk. ) ( Touchiroa bantamensis Hassk. ; Pryona bantamensis Miq. ) , differing in its sharply acuminate, smaller leaflets, and glabrous or nearly glabrous racemes which are shorter than the leaves.
The oldest names for the genus are Apalatoa Aubl. and Touchiroa Aubl., but Crudia is here retained, following the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. Prain notes that Apalatoa was' based on a mixture of flowers of this genus and fruits of Pterocarpus.
40
MERRILL.
19. TAMARINDUS Linn.
1. Tamarindus indica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 34; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 273; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 29, ed. 2 (1845) 20, ed. 3, 1: 39, Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 14; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas, t. 43, fig. D.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially in and about towns, apparently not indigenous in the Philippines, but introduced in prehistoric times. Probably a native of tropical Africa; planted throughout the tropics.
Native names: Tagalog sampaloc; Ilocano salomague, salumagul; Bicol sam- bac; Visayan sambagui, sarnbdg, sambalagui. The Tamarind.
20. I NTS I A Thouars.
Leaflets 4-jugate, sometimes 3-jugate, distinctly but shortly acuminate, mostly
less than 8 cm long, rather firmly coriaceous— 1. I. acuminata
Leaflets usually 2- jugate, sometimes 3-jugate, apex broad, rounded and retuse, or broadly acuminate, up to 14 cm in length, often much smaller, subeoria- ceous or chartaceous ; , 2, I. bijuga
1. Intsia acuminata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 20. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 7063, 11318 Klemme: Province of
•Tayabas, Merrill 1108 (Infanta), 2584, 2594, For. Bur. 1413 Klemme.
Native names : Balahian ( Cagayan ) ; tindalo, ipil ( Tayabas ) .
Manifestly closely allied to the n$xt, and like it a seacoast plant, but usually distinguishable by its more numerous, smaller, and thicker leaflets.
Endemic.
2. Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 192; Prain in Sci, Mem. Med. Off. Ind. Army 12 (1901) 12; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 63, 3 (1908) Bot. 409.
Macrdlobium bijugum Colebr. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12 (1817) 359, t. 17.
Afzelia bijuga A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 467, t. 51; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 274; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 42, fig. B; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 208.
Eperua decandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 368, ed. 2 (1845) 259, ed. 3, 2: 118. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4056 FSnix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17267 Curran: Province of Zambales, Merrill 1750: Province of Bataan, Whitford 1318, For. Bur. 5953 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1054, 1986, For. Bur. 840 Bagger, For. Bur. 10205, 1034 7 Curran: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10663, 10684 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10595 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 5373, 8537, 9877 Merritt, Merrill 2184, 2250. Palawan, For. Bur. 3496, 4522, 5181 Curran, Bur. Sci. 801 Foxworthy. Mas- bate, For. Bur. 12821, 12593, 12598 Rosenblutli. Ticao, For. Bur. 12527 Rosen- bluth, For. Bur. 1078 Clark. Panay, Copeland s. n. Leyte, For. Bur. 7133 Everett, For. Bur. 12634 Rosenbluth. Guimaras, For. Bur. 215 Gammill. Ne- gros, For. Bur. 7306, 5605, 5622 Everett, For. Bur. 12414, 15037 Danao. Dinagat, For. Bur. 15054 Sample. Mindanao, For. Bur. 3954, 9497, 9522, 12370 Hut- chinson. Basilan, For. Bur. 6093 Hutchinson.
Widely distributed along the seacoast throughout the Philippines ; a very important timber tree, universally known as ipil. Madagascar, Seychelles, An- daman and Nicobar Islands, throughout Malaya to New Guinea, the Fiji and Caroline Islands.
For a complete synonymy of Intsia bijuga, and discussion of the allied genera,
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
41
see Prain’s valuable paper “On the Characters and Relationships of Afzelia (Smith),” Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Indian Army 12 (1901) 1-17, plate.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Aezelia palembancia (Miq.) Baker; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72.
A Malayan species, not known from the Philippines. Probably an erroneous identification for some form of Intsia bijuga, or I. acuminata.
21. PAHUDIA Miq.
1. Pahudia rhomboidea (Blanco) Prain in Sci. Mem. Med. Off. Ind. Army 12 (1901) 14; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 63.
Eperua falcata Blanco FI. Filip. ( 1837 ) 369, non Aubl.
Eperua rhomboidea Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 260, ed. 3, 2: 119; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 281.
Afzelia rhomboidea Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 28, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 42, fig. A, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 117; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16926, 17276, 17043, 17297 Curran, For. Bur. 18511, 18515 Alvarez: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 6639, 6642 Klemme : Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5898 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8386 Curran & Merritt: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3263 Ahern’s col- lector, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 211 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 2651: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2046, 2570 Borden, For. Bur. 2591 Meyer, For. Bur. 5450 Curran: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10315 Curran, Merrill 2001, For. Bur. 18 Ware: Province of Camarines, Ahern 146, For. Bur. 10661 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 6686 Pray, For. Bur. 15079 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 5161 Bridges. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6982 Robinson. Mindoro, For. Bur. 6735, 6739 Merritt, For. Bur. 12241 Rosenbluth. Marinduque, For. Bur. 12164, 12185 Rosenbluth. Culion, Ahern 704- Ticao, For. Bur. 1089 Clark. Masbate, Mer- rill 3077, For. Bur. 12575, 12609, 12663 Rosenbluth. Lette, For. Bur. 12788 Rosenbluth. Cebu, For. Bur. 6453 Everett. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 942 7, 9483 Whitford & Hutchinson; Province of Surigao, For. Bur. 7557 Hutchinson.
Widely known in the Philippines as tindalo, balayong, or balarong; other local names are, in Cagayan, ipil (erroneously), balayao, magahao ; in Isabela, maga- layao; in Camarines, sangay; in Surigao, bayung, bayadgung.
A widely distributed endemic species and a timber tree of great importance. Mature pods are sometimes 20 cm long and 10 cm wide. It varies greatly in the size of the leaflets, one specimen having them about 12 cm long (For. Bur. 12788 Rosenbluth) , but the specimen was taken from a sprout, which accounts for the abnormal size. The average size of normal leaflets is about- one-half the above. Puhudia javanica Miq., is apparently closely allied.
The synonymy and relationship of Pahudia, Intsia, and Sindora is very fully discussed by Prain in his paper entitled “On the Characters and Relationships of Afzelia (Smith).26 In this paper he shows that Afzelia Sm. (1798) is con- generic with Pahudia Miq. (1855), and has adopted the latter name for the genus. I have followed Prain, for I consider Afzelia Sm. (1798) be invalidated by Afzelia J. F. Gmel. (1791), the latter being the oldest valid generic name for Seymeria Pursh (Scrophulariaceae) , in spite of the fact that Pursh’s name is included in the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
26 Sci. Mem. Med. Off. Ind. Army 12 (1901) 1-17, plate.
42
■ t,>
MERRILL.
22. BAUHINIA Linn.
Fertile stamens 10.
Leaves more or less cleft, or at least retuse, or of two entirely distinct leaflets.
Leaflets entirely distinct; an erect or subscandent shrub 1. B. binata
Leaflets connate; erect trees or shrubs.
Flowers small, in many -flowered racemes ; calyx with a short tube and a spathaceous, 5-cleft limb; leaves broader than long, glaucous beneath, only slightly cleft § piliostigma 2. B. malabarica
Flowers large, showy; leaves deeply cleft, not glaucous beneath, longer than broad § pauletia.
Lobes of the leaves rounded; flowers solitary or in axillary pairs; pods
puberulous, not ribbed along the upper suture 3. B. tomentosa
Lobes of the leaves acute; flowers pure white, racemose; pods glabrous,
ribbed along each side of the upper suture——... 4. B. acuminata
Leaves entire, acuminate, not at all cleft or divided; pod large, dehiscent, with
about two large seeds W..j..,. 5. B. dolichocalyx
Fertile stamens 3; scandent shrubs § phaneba.
Leaves entire, acuminate .ur...... .' 6. B. leptopus
Leaves cleft.
All parts of the flower glabrous except the ovary and style.... 7. B. subglabra Calyx-tubes and lobes pubescent.
Calyx-limb in bud elliptic or ovate, about 5 mm long; tube very slender, short.
Lobes of the leaves strongly divaricate, strongly acuminate, the leaves
about 15 cm long LA. 8. B. whitfordii
Lobes of the leaves somewhat obtusely acuminate, overlapping, the lower surface with scattered, appressed,. short hairs, ultimately gla- brous or nearly so 9. B. cumingiana
Lobes , of the leaves rounded, the lower surface densely and softly pubes- cent,' at least on the nerves, with rather long, reddish-brown hairs.
10. B. nymphaeifolia
Calyx-limb in bud oblong, 1 to 2 cm long, the tube thickened.
Petals 2.5 cm long or less.
Leaves ample, wider than long, up to 16 cm in width, beneath softly ferruginous-pubescent, especially on the nerves, with long, soft,
hairs; lobes broad, rounded; nerves 11 11. B. perkinsae
Leaves longer than wide, not exceeding 8 cm in length, glabrous or subglabrous.
Petals about 2.5 cm long.
Leayes 9- to 11-nerved.. A,,.‘ 12. B. ahemiana
Leaves 13- to 15-nerved ■. 13. B. antipolana
Petals 1.2 cm long or less.
Lobes rounded; nerves 9; branches and inflorescence densely pu- bescent with long ferruginous hairs ; racemes dense, the pedi- cels about 1 cm long 14. B. merrilliana
Lobes acute ; nerves 9 to 11; branches and inflorescence pubescent with short appressed hairs; racemes lax; pedicels 2 cm long.
15. B. pinchotiana
Petals 3.5 to 4 cm long | 16. B. warburgiana
Fertile stamen one only § Casparia 17. B. monandra
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
43
1. Bauhinia binata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 331, ed. 2 (1845) 231, ed. 3, 2: 66 (err. typ. birmata) .
Bauhinia, pinnata Walp. in Linnaea 16 (1842) Litt.-ber. 53.
Phanera blancoi Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 264; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 70. Bauhinia blancoi Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 278; Hemsl. Bot. Challenger Exped. I 4 (1884) 146; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72; Vid. Phan.
Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 117, Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 8.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1912. Mindoro, Cuming 1518, in Herb. Kew. Palawan, For. Bur. 3545 Curram,. Negros, For. Bur. 13105 Curran. Panay, Copeland s. n. Sibutu (Sulu Archipelago), Merrill 5294- Siam (fide Baker); Timor Laut (fide Hemsely).
I can see no valid reason for displacing Blanco’s specific name binata in favor of blancoi although it was misspelled binnata ; that it was a typographic error for binata and not pinnata, is shown at once by the phrase immediately following the name,” Bauhinia , de hojas hermanadas.” In placing the species in the key, I have followed Baker, who states that the plant has 10 stamens. None of the specimens before me have flowers, and Blanco does not describe them. Subereet or scandent, confined to the seashore. The only known Philipine species with entirely free leaflets.
2. Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 31, nomen, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 321; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 277; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72.
Bauhinia acida Reinw. in Flora 31 (1848) 578.
Piliostigma acidum Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 261; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes Explor. Exped. (1854) 470; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 118.
Bauhinia tomentosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 330, ed. 2 (1845) 230, ed. 3, 2: 65, non Linn.
Bauhinia purpurea Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 48, fig. A, non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Bontoc, For. Bur. 11026 Curram,: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13938 Merritt & Darling: Province of Tarlac, For. Bur. 5148 Curran, Merrill 3618: Province of Pangasinan, Merrill s. n. : Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1835 Ahern’s collector, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 30 Ahern’s collector: Province of Cavite, For. Bur. 1611 Rosenbluth: Province of Laguna, Wilkes Expedition in U. S. Nat. Herb., Elmer, Eallier s. n., For. Bur. 12109 Rosenbluth & Tamesis.
Most usually known by the name alibanban, signifying butterfly, from the shape of the leaves, the name frequently also applied to other species of the genus; in Laguna calibangbang . Other names given by Blanco are livas, balibanban, maru- limao, diss, ahihiro, alambihor, and alibihil.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes, a characteristic tree of open grass lands; British India to Tenasserim; Java and Timor, but not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
3. Bauhinia tomentosa Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 375; Baker in Hook. f. FI. ‘Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 275; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72.
Bauhinia binata Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 119, non Blanco.
Luzon, Manila, Cuzner 36, cultivated.
Certainly not a native of the Philippines ; India to Ceylon and tropical Africa ; probably only cultivated in Malaya.
4. Bauhinia acuminata Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 375; Baker 1. c, 276; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 8; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 433; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 111.
44
MERRILL.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 4103 : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1038 Ramos, Merrill 2689: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 855, For. Bur. 71ft 4 Reyes. Marinduque, collector unknown.
India to Indo-China and southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Bauhinia grandiflora Blanco FI. Filip. ,(1837) 332, ed. 2 (1845) 231, ed. 3, 2:
67, non Juss., may or may not be referable here. The description applies better than to any other Philippine species known to me, but there are some discrepancies.
5. Bauhinia dolichocalyx Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 231. Luzon, Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 7756 Curran & Merritt.
Native name : Malabanot.
Endemic.
This species was placed by me in the section Lysiphyllum, an error on my part, as the entire leaves are quite incompatible with the section. It may be referable to the section Pauletia.
6. Bauhinia leptopus Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 10.
Bauhinia bidentata F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 117, non Benth.
Phanera bidentata Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 263, pro parte, quoad no. 1744 Cuming.
Bauhinia copelandii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 230.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Warburg 12824 in Herb. Berol. (type). Leyte, Cuming 1744- Negros, For. Bur. 19073 Curran. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 1059, s. n. : District of Davao, Copeland 11/29.
Endemic.
This species is manifestly very closely allied to Bauhinia bidentata Jack of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, but is readily distinguished by its much shorter calyx- tube. It is also closely allied to B. pyrrhaneura North, of Sumatra. B. copelandii does not appear to be distinct from B. leptopus Perk.
7. B. subglabra Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 230.
Palawan, Bur. Sci. 821 Foxworthy.
Endemic.
8. Bauhinia whitfordii Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 229.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 8897, type number: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6009 Curran.
Native name: Agpoi (Zambales).
Endemic.
9. Bauhinia cumingiana (Benth.) F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 116; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 9; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 63.
Phanera cumingiana Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 263; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 68.
Bauhinia scandens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 332, ed. 2 (1845) 232, ed. 3, 2:
68, non Linn.
Bauhinia vahlii F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72, non W. & A.
Phanera vahlii Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 76., non Benth.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 5256 Klemme, Bolster 193: Province of Union, Elmer 5702: Province of Zambales, Eallier s. n.: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 9614 Zscliokke: Province of Rizal, Merrill 2712, Bur. Sci. 6762 Robinson, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 98 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2721 Borden, For. Bur. 187 Barnes, For. Bur. 1442 Ahern’s collector, For. Bur. 7227, 7369 Curran, For. Bur. 12938 Alvarez, Williams 563: Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 9469 Robinson, For. Bur. 964 7 Curran: Province of Camarines, Bur. Sci.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
45
6329 Robinson, For. Bur. 12280 Curran. Masbate, For. Bur. 1712 Clark. Panay, Copeland s. n. Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1714 McGregor. Negros, For. Bur. 5234, 5624 Everett, For. Bur. 5232 Aspillera. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9016 Whitford <£ Hutchinson.
Native names: Banot (Rizal, Bataan) ; unpic (Cagayan) ; agqui (Pampanga) ; agpoi (Bataan); impid (Camarines) ; calibambang, salibangbangan (Negros) ; balagon ( Zamboanga ) .
Endemic. The bast fiber of this vine is very strong, and is used by the Negritos of Bataan Province for making bowstrings.
10. Bauhinia nymphaeifol ia Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 11.
Bauhinia fulva F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72, non Blume?
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Sur, Cuming 1180 (type) in Herb. Berol., 1181 in Herb. Kew. & Herb. Bur. Sci.
This species is exceedingly closely allied to Bauhinia fulva Blume, (Phanera fulva North.) of Java, to which, indeed Bentham referred the above number (1181) of Cuming’s Philippine plants.27 It is doubtful if the two are specifically distinct, but I have not sufficient material at hand for comparison to determine the point.
Endemic ?
11. Bauhinia perkinsae Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. 1 7 (1904) 21.
Bauhinia ferruginea Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 9, non Roxb.
Palawan, Merrill 7 31, For. Bur. 3552 Curran, Bur. Sci. .822 Foxworthy. In
thickets at low altitudes.
The validity of this species is somewhat doubtful, although it is quite certain that it is not the plant Roxburgh described as Bauhinia ferruginea. The original description of B. ferruginea is very short, but Prain, who undoubtedly has correctly interpreted Roxburgh’s species, gives a full description,28 which does not apply to the plants here referred to B. perkinsae. The type number of the latter, however, agrees very closely with some of the specimens in the Kew Herbarium that are named B. ferruginea Roxb.
Endemic.
12. Bauhinia aherniana Perk1. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 8.
Mindoro, Merrill 1237, For. Bur. 12007 Merritt, McGregor 256, Cebu, For. Bur. 6445 Everett. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 228, s. n.
Native names: Banot (Mindoro); banlut (Cebu).
Endemic.
13. Bauhinia antipolana Perk. 1. c. 9.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, M errill 1317, 1873, For. Bur. 1997 Ahern’s collector.
Native name: Banot.
Endemic.
14. Bauhinia merrilliana Perk. 1. ,c. 10.
Palawan (Paragua), Merrill 694, For. Bur. 3554 Gurram, Bur. Sci. 192 Bermejos.
In thickets at low altitudes; endemic.
15. Bauhinia pinchotiana Perk. 1. c. 12.
Bauhinia semibifida Yid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 43, fig. It; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73, non Roxb.
Phanera semibifida Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 265, pro parte, quoad no. 1119 Cuming.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Sur, Cuming 1119 (type number).
Endemic; allied to B. semibifida Roxb., but apparently distinct.
27 PI. Jungh. (1852) 263.
28 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1907) 184.
46
MERRILL.
16. Bauhinia warburgii Perk. 1. c. 12.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Warburg 12823 (type) in Herb. Berol.: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 11338 Curran.
Endemic.
17. Bauhinia monandra Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 42 2 (1873) 73, Forest FI. Brit. Burma 1 (1877) 395; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 265; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 505.
Bauhinia richardiana Wall, in Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcut. (1845) 255, non DC..
Bauhinia krugii Urban Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 3 (1885) 83.
Bauhinia kappleri Sagot in Ann. Sci. Nat. VI 13 (1882) 317; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 13.
Bauhinia subrotundifolia F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 82, non Cav.
I have very recently discussed this species and its synonymy 29 citing also the Philippine specimens that represent the species. It is not a native of the Philippines, but its original home is not definitely known, although it was probably derived from tropical America. Prain says that it is not a native of India, but was introduced from Madagascar. It is at once distinguished from all other Philippine species by its single perfect anther. To the synonymy I have added here B. subrotundifolia of F.-Villar and of Naves (not of Cavanilles) ; Naves’s plate fairly well represents the species.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Bauhinia lunaria Cav. Icon. 5 (1799) 4, t. 407; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 117; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 72.
The type of this species was collected by N6e, the localities given by Cavanilles being “Habitat in Cal&van et Acapulco vieiniis,” the former in the Province of Laguna, Luzon, and the latter in Mexico. The species belongs in the section Casparia, which is entirely American (one species now cultivated in the tropics of the world). The species is undoubtedly Mexican, and should be excluded from the Philippine flora.
Bauhinia subrotundifolia Cav. 1. c. t. 406; Vidal 1. c.; F.-Vill. 1. c.
“Habitat in Calavan duodeeim leucis a Manila, et etiam in Acapulco vieiniis.” Like the preceding, a species of the section Casparia, and undoubtedly Mexican, and not Philippine; to be excluded.
Bauhinia ? latisiliqua Cav. 1. c., t. 408, based on Philippine material, the leaves of a Bauhinia, but the fruit of Mezoneurum. ■ (—Mezoneurum latisiliquum (Cav.) Merr.)
Bauhinia castrata Blanco FI. Filip. ( 1837 ) 331, reduced in the second edition (1845) to B. purpurea Linn., and considered by F.-Villar (Nov. App. (1880) 73), to represent the Linnean species. The identification may be correct, as Blanco’s material was from a cultivated specimen. No recent collector has found B. purpurea in the Philippines.
Bauhinia variegata Linn.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. 73.
Bauhinia rufa Grah. ; F.-Vill. 1. c. 72.
Bauhinia khasiana Baker; F.-Vill. 1. c. 73.
Bauhinia elongata Korth.; F.-Vill. 1. c. 73.
Bauhinia racemosa Lam.; F.-Vill. 1. c. 72.
Bauhinia retusa Ham.; F.-Vill. I. c. 72.
29 Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 265.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
47
The above six species were credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar, probably all being admitted on erroneous identifications. None of the species are known to extend to the Archipelago.
Bauhinia inermis Perr. M6m. Soc. Linn. Paris 3 (1824) ; C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 304. A nomen nudum.
23. CASSIA Linn.
Trees, shrubs, or stout herbs with large leaflets and obtuse sepals.
Stamens 10, all fertile.
Lowest 2 or 3 stamens much exceeding the rest; pods cylindric, indehiscent
(§ FISTULA).
Flowers yellow, in elongated, lax racemes; bracts small, deciduous; leaflets
up to 14 cm in length . 1. G. fistula
Flowers pink and white, in short racemes or corymbs; bracts large, per- sistent; leaflets 7 cm long or less 2. G. javanica
Stamens equal or subequal; pods flat, dehiscent.
Peduncles 2- or 3-flowered ; pods 7 to 9 mm wide 3. G. divaricata
Peduncles subumbellately or racemosely many-flowered; pods 1.3 to 1.5 cm wide : 4. G. glauca
Stamens 10, 7 fertile, the 3 upper ones reduced to staminodes (§ senna) ; pods dehiscent, usually more or less compressed.
Leaves with glands on the common rachis; suffrutescent herbs.
Glands between the bases of two opposed leaflets; leaflets obtuse; pods
with oblique dissepiments; seeds rhombohedral 5. G. tora
Glands far below the leaflets and near the base of the petiole ; leaflets acute; pods with transverse dissepiments; seeds ovate, compresed.
Most parts of the plant hirsute or pubescent 6. G. hirsuta
All parts of the plant glabrous.
Leaflets usually more numerous; pods turgid 7. C. sophera
Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs; pods flattened 8. C. occidentalis
Leaves with the rachis channeled above, barred transversely between the leaflets, but without glands.
Suffrutescent ; flowers in strobilate subspicate racemes ; pods winged along
the valves; leaflets large, reaching 15 cm in length 9. C. alata
Trees or shrubs ; flowers in corymbose panicles; pods not winged; leaflets not exceeding 5 cm in length.
Stipules large, persistent ; pod thin-valved, flexible, with narrow sutures ; young parts, inflorescence and leaves yellow-pubescent.
10. G. timoriensis
Stipules small, deciduous; pod with coriaceous, rigid valves, sutures thickened; inflorescence somewhat gray- pubescent, leaves glabrous or
nearly so : .-|f» 11. G. siam.ea
Slender herbs or undershrubs with very small leaflets and acute sepals (§
chamaecrista ) 12. G. mimosoides
1. Cassia fistula Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 377; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 261; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66" (1897) 156; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Vid. Sinopsis Altas (1883) t. 42, fig. E; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, pi. 120.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 1876 Ramos: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2991 Ahern’ s collector : Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 10046 Curran. Min- doro, For. Bur. 8581 Merritt, For. Bur. 11325 Rosenbluth, Ritchie s. n.
48
MERRILL.
Native names: Canafistula, canapistola, apostala. In Mindoro sometimes, but erroneously, called balayong and tindalo which belong properly to Pahudia rhom- boidea Prain.
This species is certainly an introduced one in the Philippines, as indicated by its native names, which are of Spanish origin, or corruptions of Spanish names. It is a native of British India, and is now widely distributed in tropical countries in cultivation; Prain expresses the opinion that it is not entitled to be considered an indigenous tree in Malaya.
2. Cassia javanica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 379; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 267; Koord. & Valet. Meded. ‘s Land Plantent. 14 (1895) 8; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 42, fig. D; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (18801 70.
Cassia fistula Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 339, ed. 2 (1845) 237, ed. 3, 2: 76, saltern pro maxima parte, non Linn.
Cassia nodosa Auct. Philip., non Ham.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 11265 Klemme: Province of Union, Elmer 5661: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2958, Hallier s. n., For. Bur. 5902 Curran, For. Bur. 6020 Aguilar, For. Bur. 13206 Cortes: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 13504 Medina, Cuming 1028: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 14321 Saroca, For. Bur. 8461 Curran: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 1686, 1113 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 6632, 1030, 10031 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2051 : Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10458 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 5149 Pray. Poliixo, Bur. Sci. 9296 Robinson. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9688 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 1440 Manalo, Merrill 809, Bur. Sci. 160 Foxworthy, For. Bur, 15038 Danao, For. Bur. 3856 Curran. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 40.3 Mangubat. Burias, For. Bur. 1118 Clark. Leyte, Elmer 1122. Min- danao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 613-
Native names: Dulaueng (Isabela) ; tualing baculao (Zambales); anahuhan (Tayabas) ; malatagum (Camarines) ; baguiroro (Sorsogon, Burias) ; lombayong, ibabao, balayong, ex Blanco. The names most commonly used, however, are cana- fistula, and corruptions of it, which properly belong to the preceding species.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; Perak, Sumatra, Java, Timor, Celebes, and Amboina.
Var. pubifolia var. nov.
Differt a typo partibus junioribus, subtus foliis, rhachidibusque den- sissime molliter pubescentibus.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5239 Klemme: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1313, 2639, For. Bur. 1113 Ahern’s collector, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 31 Ahern’s collector.
This form, in its extreme development, is quite distinct from the species, and is readily recognizable by its dense soft pubescence, which persists on old leaves; I do not, however, consider it to be specifically distinct, as intergrading forms are represented by 1113 Ahern’s collector, cited here, and 10031 Curran cited under the species.
What is here interpreted as Cassia javanica has been variously identified as C. ■ javanica L., C. nodosa Ham., and, by pure error, as C. fistula. The latter species is very different, and should not be confused with the present one in any stage. While there is some variation in the numerous specimens here referred to C. javanica, I am of the opinion that but a single species is represented. The material agrees well with the very short original description of C. javanica, with
ENUMERATION OE PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
49
Javan material so named in our herbarium, and with the complete description given by Ivoorders and Valeton. The leaflets vary in shape, and their apices are sometimes rounded and retuse, sometimes acute, and even slightly acuminate. The flowers agree in size with those of C. javanica, rather than with those of G. nodosa, although the petals appear to be indifferently acute, or rounded, while the inflor- escence is sometimes terminal, and sometimes from the older branclilets, in the latter respect approaching Cassia nodosa Ham. Whether or not the latter is con- stantly distinct from C. javanica seems to be an open question.
3. Cassia divaricata Nees & Blume Syll. Ratisb. 1 (1824) 94; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 97; Benth. in'Trans. Linn. Soc. 27 (1871) 554; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 116; Koord. & Valet. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 14 (1895) 17.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Loher 2219, Vidal 12 46 in Herb. Hew., Elmer 5996 : District of Lepanto, For. Bur. 10928 Curran.
Java.
4. Cassia glauca Lam. Encycl. 1 (1785) 647; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 265; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I 1 (1855) 96; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 4%6bis; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 115.
Luzon, Manila ( Vidal 280, 281 ) ; without locality, Loher 2218.
India to southern China and Formosa, south to Malaya, but in many localities perhaps only cultivated.
This species probably has no proper place in the Philippine flora, as Vidal’s specimens were from Manila, doubtless from cultivated trees, while F.-Villar’s reference is based on trees cultivated in the old botanic garden, where they no longer exist. Loher’s specimen may also have been from cultivated plants, but the distributed material of his collection is not localized. The much earlier Cassia surattensis Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 97, is referred here by Bentham, but I have not been able to verify it.
5. Cassia tora Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 376; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 337, ed. 2 (1845) 235; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 263; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 122; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27 (1871) 535.
Batanes Islands, Bur. Sci. 3641 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7873 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4859 Ramos: Province of Pampanga, Parker 34-' Manila, Merrill 82, McGregor 49: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3357 Ahern's collector: Province of Bataan, Williams 126, For. Bur. 1944 Borden, Merrill 3170. Mindoro, For. Bur. 5519 Merritt. Cebu, Barrow 18. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 178: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, and exceedingly abundant about towns and settlements; tropics of the World.
Native names: Andadasi (Iloeano) ; balatong aso (Rizal, Batangas) ; manima- nilian, mongomongohan, catandang aso, ex Blanco.
By some authors Cassia obtusifolia Linn, is held distinct from C. tora. The gland characters appear to be the most valid ones for distinguishing the two, Cassia tora supposedly having a gland between each of the two lower pairs of leaflets, and C. obtusifolia having a gland between the lowermost pair of leaflets only. Both are represented in the material cited above; there are also some specimens that on at least some of their leaves show no glands at all. In con- nection with this matter a great number of living specimens were examined, and the occurrence of leaves without glands was found to be frequent.
93664 4
50
MERRILL.
6. Cassia hirsuta Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 378; Baker in Plook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 263; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70.
Cassia longisiliqua Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 338, non Linn.
Cassia sulcata Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 236, non DC.
Luzon, Province of Bizal, Bur. Sci. 6525 Robinson, For. Bur. 1918, 3428 Ahern’s collector: Manila, Merrill 4 099 .
Native names: Balbalatungan (Manila) ; tighiman, ex Blanco.
A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of the world. The Philippine specimens cited above have much shorter hairs than Indian anfl Malayan material in our herbarium, so named, and the peduncles are mostly more than two-flowered.
7. Cassia sophera Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 379; Baker 1. c. 262; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 116.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 560 4-' Province of Laguna, Elmer: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13802 Merritt c£ Darling.
Originally an American weed, now cosmopolitan in the tropics; similar to and closely allied to the next, which, however, is much more common and widely distributed in the Philippines.
8. Cassia occidentalis Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 377; Baker 1. c. 262; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 338, ed. 2 (1845) 236; P.-Vill. 1. c.; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 73.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16482 Bacani: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8101 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 14015 Merritt & Darling: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1943 Borden: Manila, Elmer 5516, McGregor 43, Topping 3, Merrill 391: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 541: Province of Albay, Bur. Sci. 6304 Robinson. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9169 Robinson. Mindoro, For. Bur. 5496 Merritt, Merrill 3339. Tablas, McGregor 340. Panay, Yoder 27. Min- danao, Province of Surigao, Allen 143: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 472: District of Davao, DeVore <t Hoover 150.
Native names: cabalcabalan, tambalisa (Mindoro) ; tighiman, ex Blanco.
A weed in waste places at low altitudes throughout the Philippines; probably originally American, but now cosmopolitan in the tropics.
9. Cassia a lata Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 378; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 264; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 339, ed. 2 (1845) 237, ed. 3, 2: 77; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 124his.
Herpetica alata Raf. Sylva Tellur. (1838) 123; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 293.
Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14565 Darling: Province of Union, Elmer 5597 : Manila, Topping 4, Merrill 3427: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 342 7 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, Williams 318, For. Bur. 2198, 2583 Meyer, Elmer 7015 : Province of Tayabas, Ritchie 76 : Province of Albay, Bur. Sci. 6245 Robinson. Mindoro, Merrill 1256. Busuanga, Merrill 434- Balabac, Bur. Sci. 475 Man- gubat. Panay, Copeland s. n. Negros, For. Bur. 4204 Everett. Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1743 McGregor. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9202 Whitford & Hutchinson: Province of Surigao, Bolster 202: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. Basilan, For. Bur. 3957 Hutchinson.
Native names: Acapulco, capurco (Manila, Zamboanga) ; palochina (Busuanga, Negros) ; bicas-bicas (Marinduque) ; bayabasan (Tayabas) ; suhting (Surigao) ; pacagoncon (Bataan) ; andadasi, adadasi (Union, Abra) ; sonting, catanda, casitas, gamot sa buni, pacayomcom castila, ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the Philippines in waste places about settlements, etc., and undoubtedly of American origin ; now cosmopolitan in the tropics of the world.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINONAE.
51
10. Cassia timoriensis DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 499; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 99; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 265; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 63.
Cassia arayatensis Llanos Frag. (1851) 71; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, 4l (1880) 55.
Cassia montana Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 452, non ITeyne.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Fur. Bur. 5660 Klemme: Province of Pangas- inan, For. Bur. 14199 Merritt, For. Bur. 8342 Curran d Merritt: Province of Tarlac, Merrill 3639: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8472’, 8423 Curran: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1400 : Province of Bizal, For. Bur. 2292 Ahern’s collector, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. '261 Ahern’s collector : Province of Bataan, Williams 396, Merrill 1494, For. Bur. 2339 Borden, For. Bur. 2238 Meyer, For. Bur. 361 Barnes:
Native names: Bagauac, balacbac (Bataan) ; bayacbac (Pampanga) ; mala- caturay, malapatpat (Nueva Ecija) ; isar (Ilocos Sur).
In thickets at low altitudes; India to Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
The Philippine material is apparently all referable to var. xanthocoma Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I 1 (1855) 99 ( Cassia xanthocoma Miq. Analecta 1 (1850) 10), which is apparently not specifically distinct from C. timoriensis DC.
11. Cassia siamea Lam. Encycl. 1 (1785) 648; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27 (1871) 549; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 264; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71.
Cassia florida V ahl Symb. 3 (1794) 57; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 98.
Cassia arayatensis Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 426, non Llanos.
Luzon, Manila, Ahern 711, For. Bur. 12475, 19024 Curran: Province of Rizal, Morong, Bur. Sci. 1365 Ramos.
Introduced and cultivated only, now extensively used as a shade tree in Manila ; India to Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; widely distributed in the tropics in- cultivation.'
12. Cassia mimosoides Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 379; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 101; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 266; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 340, ed. 2 (1845) 237, ed. 3, 2: 78; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7814 Ramos: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15946 Bacani, Williams 994, 995, Bur. Sci. 3569 Mearns: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1045, 1488, 1835, 1843 Ramos. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9754 Merritt. Negros, For. Bur. 13715 Curran. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 4 ■' District of Davao, Copeland 1304-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; India and southern China through Malaya to New South Wales.
excluded species.
Cassia Montana Heyne; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 71. Probably admitted on an erroneous identification; the species is unknown from the Philippines.
24. GLEDITSI A Linn.
1. Gleditsia rolfei Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 115; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 63.
Gleditsia celebica Koord. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 433; Merr. Forest. Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 24.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Merrill 5026: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 326 Barnes, Williams 564, For. Bur. 7345, 17320 Curran: Province of
52
MERRILL.
Nueva Ecija, Vidal 1826 in Herb. Kew. (type) : Province of Batangas, Copeland s. n.: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10S35 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern 62. Celebes, Koorders, cultivated in the Botanical Garden, Buitenzorg, Java.
Native name (Tayabas), Tahid-labuyo, meaning cock’s spur, from the spines.
A species allied to those of southern China; known only from Luzon and Celebes.
A second species is apparently represented by sterile material collected in Cebu by Espinosa, For. Bur. 6488, locally known as Matagum. It differs from G. rolfei in having entire leaflets which are prominently and inequilaterally retuse at the apex.
The generic name is in honor of Gleditsch, latinized and simplified Gleditsia; Taubert prefers the spelling Gleditschia.
25. PTEROLOBIUM R. Br.
1. Pterolobium membranulaceum (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 22.
Mimosa membranulacea Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 739.
Reichardia pentapetala Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 233, ed. 3, 2: 71.
Pterolobium indicum F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 42, fig. G, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114, non A. Rich.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1837, 1984 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, Vidal 1285: Province of Union, Vidal 1299, in Herb. Kew.: without locality, Loher 2183, 2188, 2189, in Herb. Kew.
Endemic.
Blanco’s description is imperfect, and in some respects does not apply especially Well to the specimens here referred to it; I am confident, however, that the iden- tification is correct.
26. DELONIX Raf.
1. Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. FI. Tellur. 2 (1836) 92; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 256.
Poinciana regia Boj. ex Hook. Bot. Mag. 56 (1829) t. 2884; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 4&1-
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5656: Manila, For. Bur. 19026 Curran, Cordova 482: Province of Pampanga, Parker. Palawan, For. Bur. 3561 Curran. Basilan, For. Bur. 3466 Hutchinson.
Native names: Arbol del fuego; caballero. The “fire tree” or “flamboyant.”
A native of Madagascar, now widely distributed in the tropics of the world in cultivation; commonly cultivated in towns in the Philippines.
Following strict rules, the proper generic name for this well-known and widely distributed species is Delonix Raf., as the genus Poinciana Linn, was based solely on what is now generally known as Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L. ) Sw. The genus Poinciana has page preference over Caesalpinia, and hence by strict interpretation of the rules of nomenclature, those species now referred to Caesalpinia, generic limits retained as defined by Bentham & Hooker, should be treated as Poinciana, the genus Caesalpinia falling into synonymy. This extreme interpretation has been followed by some recent botanists, but at the same time they have raised some of the sections of Caesalpinia, as interpreted by Bentham & Hooker, and by Taubert, to generic rank. It seems doubtful to me if any representative botanical congress will sanction the transfer of Caesalpinia bodily to Poinciana,
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUM1N OSAE.
53
on account of the confusion in nomenclature that such a course of procedure will entail. Delonix is here adopted for the present genus, as under no rules at present in force can Poinciana be retained for it.
27. CAESALPINIA Linn.
Pods armed with abundant wiry prickles; petals narrow; scandent spiny shrubs
(§ GUILANDINA).
Leaves with large foliaceous stipules; leaflets mostly less than 2.5 cm in length;
pods 5 to 7 cm long 1. G. crista
Leaves without stipules; leaflets 3 to 5 cm long; pods about 10 cm long.
2. C. glabra
Pods unarmed; petals broad.
Leaflets coriaceous, few, 2 or 3 pairs on each pinna, 2 to 6 cm long, acute; pods
short, the seeds solitary, rarely 2 (§ nugabia).. 3. C. nuga
Leaflets membranaceous or subcoriaceous, many, 8 or more pairs on each pinna, mostly less than 2 cm long, rounded; pods with from 5 to 8 seeds.
Petals distinctly clawed; stamens long-exserted, several times as long, as the
petals; pods about 2 cm wide (§ caesalpinaeia ) 4. G. pulcherrima
Petals not or but slightly clawed ; stamens short, not or but slightly exserted
(§ SAPPANIA).
An erect tree ; stipules none ; pods 3 to 4 cm wide ; with a stout spreading
beak at the upper angle of the obtuse apex 5. G. sappan
Scandent spiny shrubs; pods oblong or linear-oblong, less than 3 cm in
width; stipules present, deciduous 6. G. sepiaria
1. Caesalpinia crista Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 380, (excl. syn. FI. Zeyl. 157, pro parte, Herm. zeyl. 12), non ed. 2 (1762) 544, nec aliorum; Urban Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 269.
Guilandina bonduc Linn. 1. C.-381, non ed. 2 (1762) 545.
Guilandina bonducella Linn. 1. c. ed. 2 (1762) 545; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 343, ed. 2 (1845) 239, ed. 3, 2: 81.
Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. As. Res. 11 (1810) 159; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 254; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66= (1897) 226.
Guilandina crista Small FI. Southeast. U. S. (1903) 591; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 288.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5723, Fenix 11: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4969 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Williams 332, Elmer 7002, Merrill 3284 ■ Mindobo, For. Bur. 5535 Merritt. Cebu, Barrow 8. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 155, Copeland 345.
Native names: Calambibit (widely used) ; dauer (Union); bangbang (Cebu); dalagdag (Mindoro) ; dalugdug ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the Philippines near the' seashore ; cosmopolitan in the tropics of the world.
The synonymy of this species is rather complicated, but it has been cleared up by Urban.30 The first citation given by Linnaeus is to his Flora Zevlanica no. 157, but this is only in part (Pluk. aim. 4. t. 2. f. 2) referable to the present species, the reference to Herm. zeyl. 12 being an error, for Trimen 31 calls attention to the fact' that the specimen in Hermann’s Herbarium is Caesalpinia nuga ( L. ) Ait., and not G. crista. Guilandina bonduc and G. bonducella Linn., as cited above, are certainly identical with C. crista Linn.
30 Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 269-271.
31 FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 99.
54 MERRILL.
v' 2. Caesalpinia glabra (Mill.) comb. nov.
Guilandina glabra Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. (1768) no. 3.
Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 362; Baker in FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 255; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Urban Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 272, non Guilandina bonduc Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 381.
Guilandina bonduc Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 545, pro parte, non ed. 1 (1753) 381.
Caesalpinia crista Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 15, non Linn.
Guilandina bonduc var. majus DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 480.
Guilandina major Small FI. Southeast. U. S. (1903) 591.
Palawan, Merrill 81$, Bur. Sci. 228 Bermejos. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 7 55, 863, 1182: District of Davao, Copeland s. n. One of the specimens from Lake Lanao (Clemens 863) has comparatively few and weak spines on the pod, but I do not consider it specifically distinct from the more common form with stout spines.
Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
I consider the specific name bonduc to be invalid in the genus, as the species as originally described under Guilandina is a synonym of C. crista Linn. What is apparently the earliest valid name is here adopted.
3. Caesalpinia nuga (Linn.) Ait. Hor-t. Kdw. ed. 2, 3 (1811) 32; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 255; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 150.
Guilandina nuga Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 546; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 344, ed. 2 (1845) 240, ed. 3, 2: 81.
Caesalpinia laevigata Perr. Mem. Linn. Soc. Paris 3 (1824) 104.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 71)18 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4879 Ramos: Province of Zambales, Hallier, s. n., For. Bur. 5909 Curran: Province of Bulacan, McGregor 96: Manila, Marave 68: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2272 Meyer, For. Bur. 1952, 2492 Borden, Elmer 7009, Whitford 1264 ■ Province of Tayabas, Whitford 84 2, in part: Province of Camarines, Ahern 252. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9139 Robinson. Lubang, Merrill 962. Mindoro, Merrill 1294, 1225, 3341, For. Bur. 5517 Merritt. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 610 Foxworthy. Panay, Copelcmd 108. Negros, For. Bur. 7330 Everett. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 367: District of Davao, Williams 2740.
Native names : Sapnit, sapinit, or sagmit, in most provinces ; sometimes camat- cabag ; in Mindoro sometimes calauimt; bacaig (Polillo).
Widely distributed in the Philippines along the seashore; throughout the tropics of the world in littoral districts.
4. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw. Obs. (1791) 166; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 255; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 112.
Poinciana pulcherrima Linn.* Sp. PI. (1753) 380; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 333, ed. 2 (1845) 232, ed. 3, 2: 69; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 358.
Amost universally known in the Philippines by the Spanish name “caballero,” rarely as “ maravilla according to Blanco sometimes “flores” or “rosas,” all names of Spanish origin. Undoubtedly originating in tropical America; now widely distributed in the tropics of the world. It is extensively cultivated, and also spontaneous in the Philippines, and is represented by numerous specimens from all parts of the Archipelago, from the Batanes Islands to Palawan and southern Mindanao.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEG U M I N OS A E .
55
This species is the type of the genus Poinciana Linn., and is the only one cited by him under this genus in the first edition of his “Species Plantarum.'’ According to strict priority Poinciana would be the proper generic name for the species now placed in Caesalpinia. See page 52.
5. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 381; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 335, ed. 2 (1845) 234, ed. 3, 2: 72; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 121; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 255; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 1(2, fig. C.
Bianoaea sappan Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm. (1876) 3; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 198.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2292 M earns: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 14973 Merritt & Barling : Province of Union, Elmer 551/7 : Province of Zambales, Merrill 2959: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 6127 Robinson & Merritt: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3286 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 13376 Cortes, For. Bur. 5981/ Curran, Ahern 771 : Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2420, 2131. Mindoro, Merrill 887, For. Bur. 9822 Merritt. Guimaras, For. Bur. 1/8 Ritchie, For. Bur. 491/1 Yillar. Negros, For. Bur. 5577 Everett. Bantayan, Bur. Sci. 1699 McGregor. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 1177.
Universally known in the Philippines as sappan or sappang, and sibucao.
India to Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago ; probably not a true native of the Philippines, but introduced in ancient times.
6. Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, nomen, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 360; Baker in Hook. f. FI, Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 256; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66" (1897) 229; Urban Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 277.
Caesalpinia benguetensis Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 226.
Mezoneurum benguetense Elmer 1. c. (1908) 362.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, ( Vidal 268) ; without locality, Loher 2191/, 2195 in Herb. Kew. : Province of Benguet, Elmer 5888, 8720 (type number of C. bengue- tensis), Williams 1206: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8094 Ramos.
I am unable to distinguish Caesalpinia benguetensis Elm. from the widely distributed C. sepiaria Roxb. Mr. felmer states that his species is distinguished by its smaller leaves, obsolete stipules, and pods not beaked; the former character is exceedingly variable, while my specimen of the type number has a single pod bearing a 5 mm long beak, and the stipules, although smaller than in typical Caesalpinia sepiaria, and early deciduous, are present. The stipules on Elmer 5888 are very distinct. The transfer to Mezoneurum was primarily due to a suggestion made by myself, and apparently without additional study on the part of Mr. Elmer.
It correctly reduced, Reichardia f decapetala Roth Nov. PI. Sp. (1821) 212; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 484, supplies the earliest specific name for the species, as Roxburgh’s original reference to Caesalpinia sepiaria is a nomen nudum.
India to southern China and Japan, south to Malaya; introduced in tropical America, Australia, and Africa.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69. A species of India and Ceylon, not known from the Philippines, and doubtless admitted by F.-Villar on an erroneous identification.
56
MERRILL.
28. MEZONEURUM Desf.
Calyx deeply cleft, with a wide short tube and a basal disk, the anterior lobe deeply cucullate (§ Eumezoneurum) .
Leaflets opposite, large, ovate, acute or acuminate, about 10 cm long.
1. M. cucullaturn
Leaflets alternate or subopposite, small, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, broad and rounded at the apex, 1.5 to 3.5 cm long.
Leaflets beneath and calyx externally rather densely pubescent.
2. M. pubescens
Leaflets and calyx glabrous.
Leaflets about 1.5 cm long; pods 1-seeded 3. M. mindorense
Leaflets 2.5 to 3.5 cm long; pods 5- to 7-seeded 4. M. latisiliquum
Calyx shallowly cleft, with a narrow, elongated tube, the disk extending above the base, the anterior lobe shallowly hooded. (Leaflets alternate, obovate- oblong, obtuse, 5 to 7 cm long) (§ Tubicalyx) 5. M. sumatranum
1. Mezoneurum cucullaturn (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Prodr. (1834) 283; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 258; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 232.
Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 358.
Mezoneurum macrophyllum Bl. ex Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 104.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 922, February, 1907.
India to Yunnan ( Henry 12215), south to Cochin-China, the Andaman Islands and Java; not previously reported from the Philippines.
Mezoneurum macrophyllum Bl., was reduced to M. cucullaturn W. & A. by Baker, and the description of Blume’s species seems to apply rather closely to the latter.
2. Mezoneurum pubescens Desf. in Mem. Mus. Paris 4 (1818) 245, t. 11; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114.
Caesalpinia ignota Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 336, ed. 2 (1845) 235, ed. 3, 2: 72.
Mezoneurum hymenocarpum W. & A. Prodr. 1 (1834) 283; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66= (1897) 233, 472 ?
Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. llfil, 3370 Ahern’s collector, Dec. Philip. Forest FI. no. 206 Ahern’s collector; near Manila, Marave 69, McGregor 79, Liana 229, Merrill.
Native names: Camat-cabag, dauag (Rizal).
Timor.
There is some doubt as to the additional range of this species, as Baker records it from Burma, but Prain states that the Burman, Ceylon, and Andaman Island material is Mezoneurum hymenocarpum W. & A., which species has alternate leaflets, much fewer in number than those of M. pubescens Desf. Fragments of three of the above numbers, representing flowers, immature and mature pods, were sent to the Paris Museum for comparison with Desfontaines’ type. Doctor Lecomte, who kindly made the comparison, writes as follows : “II resulte de cette 6tude que l’un des echantillons envoyes correspond aussi bien que possible a M. hymenocarpum W. et A., et l’autre a M. pubescens Desf., type. I, M. hyme- nocarpum W. & A., coll. Liana 229, 2, M. pubescens Desf., coll. Ramos 1J/77, Marave 69. De la premiere espfece nous possedons un (ichantillon envoye par King absolument semblable a celui qui vous nous avez communique. De la deuxi&me nous avons pu faire la comparaison avec le type.” After a careful exam- ination of a full series of specimens, however, I am convinced that but a single species is represented by the material cited above. The specimen collected by Liana, examined by Doctor Lecomte, has very thin, immature fruit, but in all
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
57
other respects the plant agrees with the others cited above. The species is common in thin poor soil over volcanic tuff on open hills near Manila.
3. Mezoneurum mindorense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 232.
Mindoro, For. Bur. 5383 Merritt.
Native name: Sapinit.
Var. inerme Merr. 1. c.
Mindoro, Btir. Sci. 1514 Bermejos.
Endemic.
4. Mezoneurum latisiliquum (Cav.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 268.
Bauhinia ? latisiliqua Cav. Icon. 5 (1799) 5, t. 408, in part, excl. description and figure of the leaves.
Mezoneurum glabrum Desf. in M6m. Mus. Paris 4 (1818) 245, t. 10; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 484; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 103; Vidal. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64.
Caesalpinia torquata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 336.
Mezoneurum procumbens Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 235, ed. 3, 2: 73.
Represented by numerous specimen cited by myself, l. c., with the addition of Bur. Sci. 7737 Ramos, Province of Ilocos Norte, Luzon.
Native names: Gamut-pusa, literally “cat’s claw,” (Pampanga, Mindoro, Ba- taan, Rizal) ; sampinit (Mindoro, Basilan) ; sokit (Basilan) ; sagnit, sapnit, cabitcabag, tugabang, ugabang, ex Blanco.
At low altitudes, northern Luzon to southern Mindanao; Timor.
The Mezoneurum glabrum of Baker in the Flora of British India is not Desfon- taines’ species, but is M. furfuraceum Prain.
5. Mezoneurum sumatranum (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Prodr. 1 (1,834) 283; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 105, 1081; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 259; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 235.
Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 32, nomen, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 366.
Mezoneurum rubrum Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 7.
Palawan, Merrill 805.
The above specimen, on which Mezoneurum rubrum was based, is in fruit, and was referred by Perkins32 to M. glabrum Desf. (=M. latisiliquum (Cav.) Merr.). Comparison with authentic material of M. sumatranum shows it to be the same as that species, and it is here accordingly reduced.
Malacca, Perak, Singapore, and Sumatra.
29. PELTOPHORUM Vogel.
1. Peltophorum inerme (Roxb.) Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 335, ex F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69, as syn.
Caesalpinia inermis Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 90, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 367.
Poinciana roxburghii G. Don Gen. Syst. 2 (1832) 433.
Caesalpinia ferruginea Decne. Nouv. Ann. Mus. 3 (1834) 462.
Caesalpinia arborea Zoll. Nat. en Geneesk. Archief 3 (1846) 65; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I 1 (1855) 112.
Peltophorum ferrugineum. Benth. FI. Austral. 2 (1864) 279; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 257; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng 66 2 (1897) 224.
32 Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 15.
58
MERRILL.
Baryxylum inerme Pierre FI. Forest. Gochinch. (1899) t. 390.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8307 Curran & Merritt: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 7739 Curran cC- Merritt: Manila, Merrill Jf087, For. Bur. 19053, 19054 Curran, cultivated. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9735, 9823 Merritt. Pa- lawan, For. Bur. 3J/9S Curran, For. Bur. 77/27 Manalo. Balarac, Bur. Sci. 484 Mangubat.
A tree of low altitudes, mostly confined to the seashore ; extensively cultivated in Manila as a shade tree. Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Islands to Borneo, Java, Timor, and northern Australia.
The oldest specific name is here adopted, and the generic designation Peltoph- orum is retained in accordance with the action of the Vienna Botanical Congress, although Baryxylum Lour, is much older.
30. OR M OS I A Jacks.
Flowers about 2 cm long, whitish ; leaves softly pubescent, the nerves very
distinct 1. 0. paniculata
Flowers about 1 cm long, purplish; leaves glabrous, shining, the nerves obscure
2. 0. calavensis
1. Ormosia paniculata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 21, Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2028 Borden, October, 1904.
Endemic.
2. Ormosia calavensis Azaola ex Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 230, ed. 3, 2; 64; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 113, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 41, fig. H; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 15; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 69 - (1900) 180.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16985 Bacani: Province of Ilocos Norte, (Cuming 1219) : Province of Rizal, Merrill 1724, 2661, For. Bur. 441, 2963 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 3362 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 223 Borden: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 7760 Curran & Merritt: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2600, For. Bur. 10367, 10750 Curran, For. Bur. 211/. Van Wickle: Province of Albay, Cuming 916. Masbate, Merrill 2752. Leyte, For. Bur. 12423 Danao. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Ahern 595, For. Bur. 9475 Whitford & Hutchinson : Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 1144, s. n.
Native name: Bahay (Laguna, Tayabas, Bataan).
Endemic.
The generic name is antedated by Toulichiba Adans. but is here retained following the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
31. SOPHORA Linn.
1. Sophora tomentosa Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 373; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 249; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 238, ed. 2 (1845) 229, ed. 3, 2: 63; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 69; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 41, fig- G, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 113.
Sophora heptaphylla Blanco 1. cc., F.-Vill. 1. c., non Linn.
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 3737 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Pangas- inan, For. Bur. 8350 Curran & Merritt: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1119, 2034, 1971, For. Bur. 10249 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern 213. Polillo,
Bur. Sci. 9011 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 10763 McGregor. Mindoro, Merrill 1664, 2384, For. Bur. 9824 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 3818 Curran. Masbate, Merrill
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
59
30J/1. Negros, For. Bur. 3612 Everett. Jolo, Williams 3118. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 1322.
Native names: Tambalisa (Negros, Masbate, Mindoro, Tayabas) ; cdpon (Bata- nes Islands) ; sandalaitan (Tayabas) ; cabaicabai, ex Blanco.
Throughout the Philippines along the seashore; widely distributed in the tropics of the world.
32. CROT ALAR I A Linn.
Leaves simple.
Pod not longer than the calyx, which is shaggily pubescent with long, soft, brown hairs; leaves linear, 5 to 15 cm long.
Flowers blue, sessile or subsessile 1. C. sessiliflora
Flowers yellow, their pedicels stout, 5 to 8 mm long 2. C. calycina
Pod as long as the calyx or sometimes slightly exceeding it, turgid, ovoid. ( Calyx pubescent with short, appressed, gray or brown hairs ; leaves linear
or linear-oblong, usually less than 6 cm long) ... -Igls- 3. C. linifolia
Pod exserted, one-half to many times longer than the calyx, oblong.
Pods small, about 1 cm long, less than twice as long as the calyx.
Leaves linear to oblong; stems, leaves and calyces pubescent with short,
appressed hairs ; stipules none 4. C. albida
Leaves orbicular-ovate to elliptic ; stems, leaves and calyces pubescent with long, soft, brown, spreading hairs; stipules acicular.
5. C. acicular is
Pods 2 cm, long or more, twice to many times as long as the calyx.
Pods glabrous; flowers yellow.
Stems diffuse; racemes lateral 6. C. ferruginea
Stems erect; racemes terminal.
Leaves broad, rounded and retuse at the apex 7. C. retusa
Leaves acute at the apex 8. C. assamica
Pods pubescent; flowers blue or yellow.
Flowers yellow; branches terete; stipules none or minute; leaves linear
to oblong 9. C. juncea
Flowers blue; branches prominently angled; stipules large, persistent, semilunar ; leaves ovate 10. C. verrucosa
Leaves compound.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Pedicels 5 mm long or less.
Inflorescence mostly terminal, the racemes elongated ; leaflets elliptic- obovate or obovate, broad at the apex.
Leaflets retuse, and usually with a small mucro at the apex; calyx- segments pale-greenish when dry; pods glabrous or nearly so.
11. C. saltiana
Leaflets manifestly apiculate-acuminate at the apex, not retuse; calyx-
segments brownish -purple when dry; pods hirsute 12. C.incana
Inflorescence mostly axillary, the racemes rather short ; leaflets gradually narrowed to the slender, acute or acuminate apex; pods densely
pubescent 13. C. bracteata
Pedicels 1.5 mm long, bibracteolate below the middle with very slender, 4 to 5 mm long bracteoles ; calyx-segments nearly free, narrowly-lanceolate,
acuminate, 1 cm long, equaling the corolla 14. C. radiata
Leaves usually 5-foliolate, varying from 3- to 7-foliolate; leaflets linear to narrowly oblanceolate * 15. C. quinquefolia
60
MERRILL.
1. Crotalaria sessiliflora Linn. Sp. PL ed. 2 (1763) 1004; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. -2 (1843) 565; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 73; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 390; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107.
Crotalaria pallida Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 570 (?), non Dryand.
Crotalaria pumila Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 397, ed. 3, 2: 365 ( ?), non Schrank.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, ( Cuming 1258 ) : District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 1651)0 Curran & Merritt: Province of Benguet, Williams 11)22 : Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 5282 McGregor: Province of Laguna, Wilkes Expedition, in U. S. Nat. Herbarium.
Following F.-Villar, the synonyms Crotalaria pallida Blanco, non Dryand., and C. pumila Blanco, non Schrank, are placed here. It is, however, impossible to determine from Blanco’s short description whether or not he had this plant, but from a knowledge of the region from which he secured his material (Mandaloyan, near Manila), and from his description, it seems more probable that he had a depauperate specimen of C. linifolia Linn.
India to southern China and Japan, the Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, and Java.
2. Crotalaria calycina Schrank PI. Rar. Monac. (1819) t. 12; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 129; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 72; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 390; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8099 Ramos: District of Lepanto, Merrill 1)1)71) : Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15805 Curran, Elmer 61)7 7, Williams 921): Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1)873 Ramos: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 137. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 1519 Bermejos. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 32, Copeland 361.
India and Ceylon to southern China) Malaya, northern Australia, and tropical Africa.
3. Crotalaria linifolia Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 322; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 128; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 570; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 72; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886) 151; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutscli. Schutzgeb. Siidsee (1901) 350.
Crotalaria stenopliylla Vog. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1:7; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843)- 568.
Quirosia secunda Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 398, ed. 3, 2:366; Naves 1. c. pi. 268.
Crotalaria formosana Matsum. in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imper. Univ. Tokyo 1 2 (1900) 395; Matsum. & Hayata 1. c. 22 (1906) 103, tab. 10.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 71)72 Ramos, For. Bur. 1671)6 Curran: Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5759 Ramos, Williams 91)5: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 1)03: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1)901, 1)929 Ramos: Province of Tarlae, Merrill 3637: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 11)1)7 Ramos: Manila, Eallier s. n., Abella 52: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 11111) Curran. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 7 1)2.
India to China and Formosa, south to New Guinea, northern Australia, and the Caroline Islands.
The Philippine material here referred to Crotalaria linifolia is rather uniform in its narrow leaves, in this character matching specimens in our herbarium from Formosa and from the Caroline Islands (Kawakami & Kobayashi 1519 : Volkens 321), 1)67 ) ; this narrow-leaved form was described by Vogel from Phil-
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUM1NOSAE.
61
ippine material as G. stenophylla, which Bentham 33 considered to be distinct from C. linifolia Linn, f., distinguished from the latter by its narrow leaves, slightly smaller flowers, and broader upper calyx-lobes. Baker,34 working with, more abundant material, reduced C. stenophylla to C. linifolia Linn, f., and I have followed him in this matter. I consider G. formosana Matsum. to be un- questionably identical with G. stenophylla Vog., and here reduce it with the latter to G. linifolia Linn. f.
4. Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth Nov. Sp. PI. (1821) 333; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 71; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 105.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 71/11/ Ramos, For. Bur. 161/86 Bacani: District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 16539 Curran & Merritt: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2337 M earns, For. Bur. 1550 If Merritt t£ Darling: Province of Benguet, Elmer 6616, Merrill 1/1/06: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1/817 Ramos.
India to southern China, Formosa, and the Malay Peninsula.
5. Crotalaria acicularis Ham. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5390; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 476; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 68; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57.
Crotalaria prostrata Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 60, nec Roxb. nec Rottl.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Merrill 1/266, Williams 11/19, Elmer 5826: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1838 Ramos: without locality, Vidal 261/5, Loher 2399, in Herb. Kew. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 210.
Bengal to Ava, Tenasserim, and Java; not reported from southern China or from the Malay Peninsula.
This form has been identified at Kew both as Crotalaria humifusa Grah. (Merrill 1/266) , and as G. prostrata Roxb. (Elmer 5826, Loher 2399, Vidal 261/5) , but there seems to be a single species represented, which, from the original descriptions, agrees most closely with G. acicularis Ham. The presence of acicular stipules on the Philippine material at once excludes the possibility of it being referable to G. prostrata Roxb., which is described as being without stipules; the sessile pods, containing about 15 seeds, apparently would place the specimens with C. acicularis, rather than with G. humifusa, as the latter species is said to have a short-stalked pod containing but 6 to 8 seeds.
6. Crotalaria ferruginea Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5398; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 476; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 68; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107.
Crotalaria ferruginea var. major Benth. 1. c. 477.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 161/76, 161/80 Bacani: Province of Benguet, Williams 11/10, 11/11, For. Bur. 15731/ Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 1/1/52 M earns: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5861/ Curran: Province of Nueva Viz- caya, Merrill 319. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 590: Province of Cotabato, Mrs: Clemens s. n.: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. : Province of Misa- mis, Cuming 1628 (cotype of the var. major Benth.).
India to China and Formosa, south to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
Both the typical form and the var. major are represented in the material cited above under this species; the latter apparently intergrades, judging from the material at present available for comparison.
Crotalaria chinensis Linn, has been reported from the Philippines by Bentham,33
33 Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 568.
34 Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 72.
“Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 566.
62
MERRILL.
(Cuming 160//), in which he has been followed by later authors, Baker, F.-Villar, and Vidal. I have examined the specimen in the Kew Herbarium, and it seems to be .comparable with Merrill 319, cited above. Unfortunately my specimen is in flower, but identical forms bearing both flowers and fruits, have the latter much exceeding the calyx, while C. chinensis has a short pod, which is not exserted. It seems probable that Cuming’s specimen is really referable to C. ferruginea, and that typical C. chinensis Linn, has not been as yet found in the Philippines.
7. Crotalaria retusa Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 715; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 330; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 75; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 - (1897) 38; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 16.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 3101 Mearns, For. Bur. 9579 Curran, Palawan, Bur. Sci. 297 Bermejos. Guimaras, For. Bur. 2S Ritchie. Negros, For. Bur. 1$72 Everett. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 219, Williams 2689, Copeland 576.
Native name: Calogcalog (Negros).
Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
8. Crotalaria assamica Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 481; Baker in Hook. f. FlNBrit. Ind. 2 (1876) 75; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. x(1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 105.
Luzon, Province of Al)ra, Bur. Sci. 7255 Ramos: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2021 Borden: Province /of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : without locality, ( Cuming 1886). / -
British India.
9. Crotalaria ^jtjncea Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 714; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 125; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 79.
Luzon,' Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 7608 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 2287 Mearns: Manila, Merrill 6233 (cultivated), Cuzner 58 (cultivated).
A native of British India, and there cultivated for its fiber ; extending through Malaya to northern Australia. Apparently spontaneous in northern Luzon. The sunn hemp.
10. Crotalaria verrucosa Linn. Sp. PI. ( 1753) 715; Baker in Hook. f. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 77; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 57; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci, 1 (1906) Suppl. 64.
Crotalaria angulosa Lam. Encycl. 2 (1786) 197; Cav. Ic. 4 (1797) 10, pi. 321-
Phaseolus bulai Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 572.
Quirosia ancep's Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 398, ed. 3, 2: 367.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Merrill 3308, Elmer 6741, For. Bur. 2181 Meyer: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 11117 Curran. Mindoro, Merrill 911. Masbate, Merrill 3396. Negros, For. Bur. 5592 Everett. Cebu, Hallier s. n. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Copeland s. n.
Native names: Culung-gulung (Negros); calayacai (Mindoro); bulai lava,
ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; tropics of the world.
11. Crotalaria saltiana Andr. Bot. Rep. (1811) t. 61/8; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 41, 353.
Crotalaria striata DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 131; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 346; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 16; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 84.
Panay, Merrill 21/14, Yoder 35.
Native names: Gorung-gorung, colung-colung (Panay).
Widely distributed in the tropics of the world.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
63
12. Crotalaria incana Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 716; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 347; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind.' 2 (1876) 83; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 160; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 104; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 409.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 1/085 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11103 Curran: Manila, Merrill 20, Cuzner 1/3, Elmer 5526, McGregor 56: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 11/05 Ramos. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 92S Mangubat, Merrill 1215, 1666.
Native names: Latuc-latucan (Manila) ; bulailaua (Rizal) ; bolelaua, potoc- potocan (Mindoro).
A native of tropical America; now widely distributed in the tropics of the world; very abundant in waste places about towns in the Philippines.
13. Crotalaria bracteata Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 278; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 586; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 83; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 104.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Merrill 1/316, For. Bur. 15101 Merritt & Darling, Bur. Sci. 5331/ Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, (Cuming 1009).
British India, and, according to Baker, the Malay Archipelago; not reported from the Malay Peninsula. v »</
14. Crotalaria radiata sp. nov. - (?‘
Herba erecta, ramosa, circiter 40 cm alta, omnibus partibus leviter pilosis; foliis trifoliolatis, stipulis nullis; foliolis parvis, ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, 1 ad 2 eta longis, apice late rotundatis, brevissime apiculatis; racemis axillaribus terminalibusque, circiter 10 cm longis; pedicellis 1.5 cm longis, bibracteolatis ; floribus, ut videtur, flavis; calycis segmentis anguste lanceolatis, 1 cm longis, subaequalibus, persistentibns, radiatis, corollam aequantibus; leguminibus junioribus pilosis, anguste oblongis, stipitatis, acuminatis; seminibus 25 ad 30.
An annual, erect, much, branched herb, at least 40 cm high, all parts sparingly pubescent with scattered, rather soft, whitish hairs, or the mature leaflets glabrous or nearly so. Branches terete, slender, greenish. Leaves trifoliolate, the petiole 1.5 to 2 cm long; stipules none; leaflets elliptic to obovate-elliptic, membranaceous, 1 to 2 cm long, about 1 cm wide, all very shortly petiolulate, the base broadly cuneate, the apex rounded, very shortly apiculate, when young with scattered hairs on both surfaces, when mature glabrous on the upper surface. Bacemes terminal and axillary, about 10 cm long; pedicels slender, 1.5 cm long, each with two setaceous stipules below the middle 4. to 5 mm in length. Calyx cleft nearly to the base into five narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, subequal segments, about 10 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, which are persistent in fruit, slightly accrescent, and radiately disposed, becoming ultimately quite free. Corolla apparently yellow, as long as the calyx-segments. Ovary pubescent. Young pods narrowly oblong, 1.5 cm long, pilose, stipitate, the apex long and slenderly acuminate, straight or somewhat curved, each containing from 25 to 30 seeds. Mature pods unknown.
64
MERRILL.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Dupax, in agricultural lands near the river. Bur. Sci. 8244 Ramos, May, 1909.
A species well characterized by its small, trifoliolate leaves, absence' of stipules, its long-pedicelled flowers, each pedicel with a pair of elongated, very, narrow braeteoles below the middle, and more especially by its narrowly lanceolate, subequal calyx-lobes equal to the corolla in length, which are persistent, ultimately quite free, and radiately arranged at the base of the pod.
15. Crotalaria quinquefolia Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 716; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 84; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 569, ed. 2 (1845) 397, ed. 3, 2: 365; Naves 1. c. pi. 159 ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 9.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7888 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2315 Mearns: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 39: Province of Rizal, Guerrero 26 , For. Bur. 3297, 3277 Ahern’s collector, Manotok 53: Province of Tayabas, Gregory 40, Whitford 7 43, For. Bur. 7470 Reyes. Poniixo, Bur. Sci. 9237 Robinson. Cebu, Lyon s. n. Mindanao, Mearns s. n.
Native names: Putucan (Tayabas) ; palpatoc (Union) ; patoc-patocan, bulailaua (Rizal) : catanda, susoi, susosusoyan, balatong-aso, ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes, frequent as a rice- paddy weed; India to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Crotalaria laburnifolia Linn.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58.
This species was first credited to the Philippines by Baker,38 possibly on an erroneously localized plant of Cuming’s collection. F.-Villar states that he saw living specimens in Luzon and Panay. The species is not represented by any extant Philippine material known to me.
Crotalaria sericea Retz. ; F.-Vill. 1. c. 57. Probably an erroneous identi- fication for C. retusa Linn. C. sericea Retz. is not represented by any extant Philippine material known to me.
33. MEDICAGO Linn.
1. Medicago denticulata Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1803) 1414; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 90; Britt. & Br. 111. FI. Northern U, S. 2 (1897) 272, fig. 2066.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 2722, 3473 Mearns.
A species undoubtedly of recent introduction which may or may not persist; Europe and Asia to China and Japan; naturalized in North America,
Medicago sativa Linn., alfalfa, has been introduced a number of times by the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture, and has been cultivated in numerous places from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 m (Pauai, Province of Benguet, Luzon, Merrill 47 98 ) . It does not appear to be adapted to conditions in the Philippines and rapidly dies out.
Trifolium Linn. Four species of Trifolium have been found in the Philippines, all apparently of recent introduction, either purposely for cultivation as forage plants, or accidentally in hay. All of them have produced flowers at altitudes of from 800 to 2,000 m, but it is very doubtful if any of them will persist. T. hybridum Linn., “Alsike clover” is represented by Bur. Sci. 4%44 Mearns, cultivated at Pauai, Province of Benguet, Luzon. T . ' incarnatum Linn., “crimson clover,” by Bur. Sci. 8399 McGregor, cultivated at the same place as the preceding. T.
Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 84.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
65
pratense Linn., “red clover,” Merrill 4323, cultivated at Baguio, Province of Benguet, Luzon, and by an unnumbered specimen collected by Mrs. Clemens at Camp Keithley, Mindanao. T. repens Linn., “white clover,” Merrill 4319, near construction camps on the Benguet Road, Province of Benguet, Luzon.
34. INDIGOFERA Linn.
Leaves simple; pods globose, small, 1-seeded ( § Spiiaeridiophora) .. 1. I. linifolia Leaves simple, trifoliolate, or pinnate; pods oblong or linear, seeds several to many ( § Euindigofera) .
Leaves simple 2. 7. unifoliolata
Leaves trifoliolate 3. 7. trifoliata
Leaves pinnate.
An erect shrub or tree 3 to 8 m high ; calyx shortly toothed ; pods ascending
or spreading, not reflexed 4. 7. soiling eriana
Herbaceous, suffrutescent, or shrubby, less than 1 m high; calyx deeply cleft; pods reflexed.
Stems, leaves and inflorescence densely pubescent; pods straight, densely hirsute with spreading, usually brown hairs 5. 7. hirsuta
Glabrous or subglabrous, if at all pubescent, then the hairs short, scattered, appressed ; pods straight or curved.
Racemes elongated, 13 to 20 cm long; pods laxly arranged, straight.
6. 7. nigrescens
Racemes short, 3 to 5, rarely 10 cm in length.
Pods short, much curved, 1 to 1.5 cm long, 6- to 8-seeded; leaves acute
or subacute, acuminate 7. 7. suffruticosa
Pods straight, or curved only near the apex, 2 to 3 cm long, 8- to 12-seeded; leaves usually rounded at the apex, acuminate.
8. 7. tinctoria
1. Indigofera linifolia Retz. Obs. 4 (1786) 29; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 222; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 92; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 195.
Sphaeridiopliorum linifolium Desv. Journ. Bot. 3 (1813) 125, t. 6, fig. 35.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Norte, For. Bur. 15506 Merritt <6 Darling: Prov- ince of Benguet, Merrill 4381.
Abyssinia and Afghanistan through India to southern China, the Malay Archipelago and northern Australia ; not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
2. Indigofera unifoliolata sp. nov. § Euindigofera, Simplicifoliae.
Erecta, suffruticosa, circiter 40 cm alta, ramis ramulisque tenuibus, teretibus, adpresse pubescentibus ; foliis simplicibus, breviter petiolatis, anguste oblongis, usque ad 3 cm longis, obtusis, leviter adpresse pubes- centibus, stipulis nullis; racemis axillaribus, brevibus, congestis, 5- ad 8-floris ; leguminibus anguste oblongis, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis, reflexis, 4- angulatis.
An erect perennial from a stout woody root, about 40 cm high, sparingly branched, the stems and branches slender; terete, reddish- brown, slightly pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaflet one, narrowly oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 3 to 5 mm wide, chartaceous, some- what pubescent with short appressed hairs on both surfaces, the apex
93664 5
66
MERRILL.
obtuse, sometimes apiculate, the base acute, the lower surface somewhat paler than the upper, not glandular ; petioles about 2 mm long ; stipules none. Eacemes axillary, usually solitary, slightly exceeding the petiole in length, each with from 5 to 8 densely disposed pinkish flowers. Flowers about 4 mm long, the calyx-teeth very slenderly acuminate. Pods few, usually one or two in each raceme, reflexed, narrowly oblong, straight, acuminate, 10 to 15 mm long, strongly 4-angled, ridged along one side, about 1.8 mm thick, sparingly pubescent with short appressed hairs, each containing from 5 to 8 seeds.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Morong, along the borders of Lake Bay, Bur. Sci. lJill Ramos, August, 1906.
A species with much the appearance of, and certainly allied to Indigofera trifoliata Linn., differing from that species in its simple leaves, which are not at all glandular beneath, and absence of stipules.
3. Indigofera trifoliata Linn. Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 327; Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1062; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 96; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vid. Eev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 106; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 411.
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 3721/ Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bwr. 161/87, 16507 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 7878 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1/906, 1/851 Ramos: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 8288 Ahern’s collector.
India and Ceylon to southern China, Malaya, and northern Australia; rather variable in vegetative characters.
4. Indigofera zollingeriana Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 310.
Indigofera tesymamii Miq. 1. c. (1858) 1083; Prain & Baker in Journ. Bot.
40 (1902) 143; Merr. in Forestry Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 24; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 16.
Indigofera galegoides Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 105; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59, non DC.
Indigofera benthamiana Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV 18 (1862) 219.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3190 Hearns. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 15508 Merritt & Darling: Province of Benguet, Merrill 1/1/16, 'Williams 1288: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8310 Curran & Merritt: Province of Rizal, Merrill 501/3: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10666 Cwrran, Ahern 231/, 235. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Ahern 1/31/.
Southern China and Formosa to Cochin-China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to New Caledonia.
Indigofera zollingeriana Miq-, has not only page priority over I. teysmanni, but the part of the volume containing the description of it antedates the part containing the description of I. teysmanni by about three years. This is much the largest of our Philippine species, sometimes reaching a height of about 8 m. It extends from sealevel to an altitude of at least 1000 m. It differs from all the other Philippine species in its short calyx-teeth, and in its pods being pointed forward in the direction of the main axis of the raceme, or more or less spreading, but not reflexed.
5. Indigofera hirsuta Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 751; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 228; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 304; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 98; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Prain & Baker in Journ. Bot. 40 (1902) 136.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
67
Indigofera angustifolia Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 596, ed. 2 (1845) 415, ed. 3, 2: 394, non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 18612 Elemme, Bur. Sci. 1802 Ramos: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1120 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 9i \4, 1411 ■' Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 32: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5852 Curran: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1413 Ramos, Merrill 2118: Manila, Merrill 3466, Cuzner 51. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 206.
Native name: Tayom-tayom, tayom-tayoman (Manila).
A weed in waste places at low altitudes, widely distributed in the Philippines ; tropics of the world.
6. Indigofera nigrescens Kurz ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 672 (1898) 286; C. B. Robinson in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 183.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 925, 1413, Bur. Sci. 3462, 4213, 4396, 4438 Mearns, Elmer 6582, Merrill 6395, For. Bur. 16225 Curran, Merritt, & Zscliokke.
Khasia Mountains and southwestern China.
7. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) no. 2; Prain & Baker in Journ. Bot. 40 (1902) 137, 138, sub I. anil Linn.
Indigofera anil Linn. Mant. 2 (1771) 272; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 307; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107;
Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 410; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 81.
Indigofera tinctoria Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 591, ed. 2 (1845) 413, ed. 3, 2:393, saltern pro parte, non Linn.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3596 Fenix. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 3965 Fenix; Dalupiri, Bur. Sci. 10116 McGregor. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16465 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 1854 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 1621 Ramos, For. Bur. 13884, 15528 Merritt & Darling: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 601, Gregory 66. Mindoro, Merrill 812, 1261, For. Bur. 5411 Merritt, Bur. Sci. 6661 Robinson. Masbate, Merrill 3403. Cebu, Barrow 1. Guimaras, For. Bur. 21 Ritchie. Pan ay, Copeland s. n. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2153.
Native names: Tayom, tayung, tayum, tagum in most islands and provinces; pauay (Batanes Islands). Indigo.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, formerly extensively cultivated for extraction of indigo. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of the world.
8. Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 751; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 306; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 99; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Prain & Baker in Journ. Bot. 40 (1902) 63.
Indigofera argentea Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 415, ed. 3, 2: 394 (?) non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 4891 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern 221, Bur. Sci. 6321 Robinson. Cebu, Hallier s. n. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 156.
Native names: the same as for the preceding species, also tagung-tagung (Davao); tayong-tayongan (Camarines).
Like the preceding species, formerly cultivated for indigo; widely distributed in the tropics of the world.
68
MERRILL.
35. PSORALEA Linn.
1. Psoralea badocana Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 416, ed. 3, 2: 395; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107,. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 105.
Liparia badocana Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 597.
Meladenia densiflora Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 211 (1848) 576.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7 21)0 Ramos: District of Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 7 Oil Ramos: Province of Iloeos Sur, Cuming 111)9 : Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2231) Mearns: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1)907 Ramos. Panay, (Cuming 161)9).
Endemic.
36. PAROSELA Cav. (Dalea Linn.)
1. Parosela glandulosa (Blanco) comb. nov.
Amorpha glandulosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 555.
Dalea alopecuroides Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) '389, ed. 3, 2: 351; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58, non Willd.
Dalea nigra Mart. & Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. 102 (1843) 43; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 309; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 105; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 16.
Dalea glandulosa Merr, in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 37, Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64.
Parosela nigra Rose in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10 (1906) 105.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7128 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 1551)6 Merritt & Darling: Province of Benguet, Merrill 1)351, For. Bur. 16226 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Province of Union, Elmer 5601: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1)888 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n. : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 181)1) Ramos, Merrill 131)9, Hidalgo 366,'Nieva 266.
Native names: Agogo, sampaloc-sampalocan, chaang -parang (Rizal) : duran- parang, camangi, ex Blanco.
A native of tropical America, introduced into the Philippines at an early date, and now locally very abundant in many localities. First described from Philippine material.
The reasons for taking up the generic name Parosela for the species generally known as Dalea are given by Rose, l. c., 8 (1903) 302, and the case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. In con- nection with Doctor Rose’s argument, it may be well, perhaps, to call attention to the fact that Dalea Gaertner (1788), antedates the restoration of the Linnean Dalea, which was first taken up after the establishment of the binomial system by Jussieu (1789) followed by Ventenat, Cramer, and Willdenow. According to strict priority Dalea Gaertner is the oldest name for the plants usually placed in the genus Microdon Choisy (1823), and as this case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress, then according to the principle of priority adopted by that Congress, Dalea Gaertn. must displace Microdon Choisy, and in thus becoming a “valid” genus must of necessity invalidate the use of the same name for a different genus.
37. TEPHROSIA Pers.
Pods about 8 cm long, densely covered with rather long, brown hairs ; leaflets
elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 3 to 4 cm long 1. T. vestita
Pods 2 to 3.5 cm long, gray-puberulent or subglabrous; leaflets less than 2.5 cm in length.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OS AE.
69
Racemes elongated, lax, much exceeding the leaves, 10 to 15 cm long; pods
6- to 8-seeded ..... : — 2. T. purpurea
Racemes short, congested, less than 5 cm in length.
Leaflets narrowly oblong, 5- to 10-jugate; pods 8- to 10-seeded, usually
densely arranged, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long * 3. T. dichotoma
Leaflets obovate or narrowly obovate, 4- or 5-jugate; pods 5- to 8-seeded, few, laxly arranged, their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long 4. T. obovata
1. Tephrosia vestita Vog. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1 ; 15; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886) 158; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 106; Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee (1901) 353.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Cuming 1621 : Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Southern China, Java, New Guinea.
2. Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Per£. Syn. PI. 2 (1807) 329; Baker in Plook. f. FI. Ind. 2 (1876) 112; Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 31; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66= (1897) 85.
Cracca purpurea Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 752.
Luzon, Province of Cavite, Bur. Sci. 1315 Mangubat, August, 1906.
This species, as interpreted by most authors, is exceedingly variable, and includes a number of forms; what I take to be the typical form, that is, the Ceylon plant, for the type of the species was from that island, seems to extend from India and Ceylon to southern China,' more or less throughout Malaya, to northern Australia; some authors give its range as the tropics of the world.
3. Tephrosia dichotoma Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9 (1826) 415; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 298.
Tephrosia luzoniensis Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1 : 15; Miq. 1. c. 299; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 17.
Indigofera hirsuta Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 591, non Linn.
Indigofera senegalensis Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 412, ed. 3, 2: 392; Naves 1. c. pi. 162, non Lam.
Tephrosia piscatoria A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 407, quoad pi. Philip., non Pers.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1121 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 15545 Merritt & Darling, Bur. Sci. 2296 Mearns: Province of Zambales, Merrill 327, For. Bur. 5851 Curran: Manila, Merrill 369, Elmer 5535, Millares 58, Milaor 328: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1391 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Williams 2044, Eallier s. n.
This is undoubtedly the form credited to the Philippines by Vidal 37 as Tephrosia purpurea Pers. It seems, however, to be distinct from that species, and is well characterized by its short, rather dense racemes, usually densely arranged pods, and more numerous seeds. The type of Tephrosia luzoniensis Vog., in the Berlin Herbarium, has been examined by me and found to agree with the specimens above cited. The identification of T. dichotoma Desv. is based on the description, which applies closely, except that the leaflets are described as being 4-jugate, while in the material before me they vary from 5- to 10-jugate.
4. Tephrosia obovata sp. nov. § Reineria, Pinnatae.
Fruticosa, diffusa, 20 ad 40 cm alta, ramulis junioribus, subtus foliolis, inflorescentiisque plus minus adpresse argenteo-pubescentibus ; foliis 1.5
37 Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 106.
70
MERRILL.
ad 2 cm longis; foliolis 4- vel 5-jugatis, obovatis vel anguste obovatis, apice truncatis vel retusis, apiculatisque, supra glabris, 7 ad 10 mm longis; racemis terminalibus axillaribusque, paucifloris, folia subaequan- tibus; folliculis anguste oblongis, puberulis, 2 ad 2.5 cm longis, longe pedicellatis, seminibus 5 ad 8.
A rather diffuse shrubby plant 20 to 40 cm high, the young branchlets, under surface of the leaves and inflorescence more or less silvery pu- bescent with appressed, short hairs. Stems brown or gray, strongly lenticellate, glabrous, the branches slender. Leaves 1.5 to 2 cm long, the leaflets rather crowded, 4- or 5-jugate, obovate or narrowly obovate, 7 to 10 mm long, 5 to 7 mm wide, the apex truncate or retuse, apiculate, the base acute, the upper surface glabrous, the lower more or less silvery- pubescent, the petiolules very short; stipules linear, about 2 mm long. Eacemes mostly terminal, about as long as the leaves, silvery-pubescent, few-flowered. Flowers purplish, about 8 mm long, the calyx-teeth slen- derly acuminate. Pods 2 to 2.5 cm long, 3 to 4 mm wide, rather densely puberulent, straight or nearly so, acuminate, flat, each containing from 5 to 8 seeds ; pedicels 5 to 7 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan (Palaui Island), For. Bur. 16939 Curran, March, 1909: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 23^1 M earns, January, Feb- ruary, 1907. Locally known on Palaui Island as Carcardis.
This species is well characterized by its obovate or narrowly obovate, rather small, crowded leaflets, its short terminal racemes, and its long-pedicelled pods, differing from other Philippine forms in these characters. It is manifestly allied to Tephrosia dichotoma Desv., and also, but- less strongly, to T. purpurea (L.) Pers.
As for the generic name, Cracca Linn, (non Benth.), is manifestly the oldest one. Tephrosia Pers., has, however, been included in the list of nomina con- servanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress, and is accordingly here retained.
38. M I LLETTI A W. & A.
Branchlets brown-pubescent; leaflets 1- or 2-jugate; inflorescence paniculate,
rusty-puberulous, longer than the leaves ..... 1. M. longipes
Branchlets glabrous or subglabrous; leaflets 2- to 5-jugate; inflorescence of simple, glabrous racemes which are usually shorter than the leaves.
Pods up to 22 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide; leaflets 3- or 4-jugate, frequently 10 cm long, the veins distinct - 2. M. ahernii
Pods less than 15 cm in length, and less than 2 cm in width.
Leaves 15 to 20 cm long.
Leaflets firmly coriaceous, 3-jugate, blunt-acuminate, 6 to 9 cm long.
3. M. canariifolia
Leaflets membranaceous or chartaceous mostly sharp-acuminate.
Leaflets 4- or 5-jugate; flowers 1 cm long, the standard entire or only
slightly cleft at the apex 4. M. merrillii
Leaflets 2- or 3-jugate; flowers 2 cm long, the standard strongly cleft
at the apex a. 5. M. cavitensis
Leaves less than 10 cm long; leaflets 2- or 3-jugate; flowers 1.5 cm long, the standard somewhat cleft at the apex 6. M. foxworthyi
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OS AE.
71
1. Mill ett ia longipes Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 80.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Malunu, Warburg 12094, 12095, 12112, in Herb. Berol.
Endemic.
2. Millettia ahernii Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 103.
The type of this species is For. Bur. 3373 Ahern’s collector, Bosoboso, Province
of Rizal, Luzon. I am disposed to refer to it also the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5655 Klemme: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 5221 Ramos. Leyte, For. Bur. 12436 Danao.
The species is manifestly allied to M. merrillii, 'but differs in its larger pods, and much larger leaflets which have prominent nerves.
Nativenames : Baloc, baloc-baloc (Rizal); bani (Ilocos).
Endemic.
3. Millettia canariifolia sp. nov.
Arbor glabra eirciter 8 m alta; foliis 18 ad 20 cm longis; foliolis 3-jugatis, coriaceis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, in sicco nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, basi late rotundatis, apice breviter late acuminatis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, vis prominentibus ; folliculis usque ad 13 cm longis, 1.8 cm latis, planis, leviter falcatis, basi angustatis, apice longe acuminatis.
A glabrous tree about 8 m high. Branches terete, reddish-brown, lentieellate. Leaves 18 to 20 cm long, odd-pinnate; leaflets 3-jugate, ovate or oblong-ovate, coriaceous, rather pale and shining when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper, 6 to 9 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, the base rather broad, rounded, the apex shortly and obtusely blunt-acuminate ; nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, not distinct, irregular, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petiolules 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers unknown. Pods rather woody, flat, narrowly oblong, 9 to 13 cm long, 1.5 to 1.8 cm wide, obscurely wrinkled when dry, not lentieellate, slightly curved, rather gradually narrowed below, the apex strongly and slenderly acuminate, the acumen curved, 1 to 1.5 cm long.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Candelaria, Bur. Sci. 4711, 4727 Ramos, December 7, 1907, locally known as Malapatpat.
The leaves, and especially the leaflets, although smaller, are suggestive of those of Canarium luzonicum A. Gray, whence the specific nane.
4. Millettia merrillii Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 81; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 18.
Millettia xylocaA-pa Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 79; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 41, fig- B, non Miq.
Millettia caerulea F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59, non Baker.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8061 Ramos: Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 18539 Alvarez: Province' of Union, Elmer 6166: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1387, 1437, 3831, Topping 482, Villegas 433: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 7194, 7196 Curran: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1633, 2801, 2673, For. Bur. 1147, 2890 Ahern’s collector, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 156 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 2178 Ramos, Topping 7 52. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9821 Merritt.
Native names: Baloc, baloc-baloc (Rizal); bani, malabay (Pampanga).
MERRILL.
An endemic species, common at low altitudes; according to Prain, in lit., very closely allied to M. decipiens Prain of the Malay Peninsula.
5. Millettia cavitensis sp. nov. § Eumillettia.
Arbor glabra circiter 8 m alta; foliis imparipinnatis, usque ad 20 cm longis; foliolis 2- vel 3-jugatis, ovatis, oblongo-ovatis, vel elliptico- ovatis, submembranaceis vel chartaeeis, basi rotundatis vel subacutis, apice valde acuminatis, utrinque nitidis; racemis elongatis, foliis sub- aequilongis, multifloris; floribus atropurpureis, 2 cm longis.
A glabrous tree about 8 m high. Branches terete, rather slender, gray or brownish, sometimes lenticellate. Leaves odd-pinnate, 16 to 20 cm long. Leaflets 2- or 3-jugate, ovate, oblong-ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm Wide, submembranaceous or chartaceous, shining on both surfaces, the base rounded or subacute, the apex rather strongty and slenderly acuminate; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, somewhat ascending, not prominent, very obscurely anastomosing, the ultimate reticulations very fine, dense; petiolules 3 to 5 mm long. Racemes solitary, in the upper axils, about 15 cm long, many-flowered. Flowers dark-purple, their pedicels slender, 1 to 1.2 cm long. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, about 6 mm high, 7 to 8 mm in diameter. Standard somewhat pubescent outside, about 22 mm long, 16 mm wide, broadly ovate, the apex broad, rather strongly cleft, the base of the lamina with two cartilaginous callosities 2 mm wide and 1 mm long, the claw stout, 4 mm long. Ovary rather distinctly pubescent, containing about 6 ovules. Yexillary filament free at the base, then united with the others for about two-thirds its length. Pods (immature) 10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, flat, somewhat wrinkled, gradually narrowed toward the base, the apex strongly acuminate, the acumen curved.
Luzon, Province of Cavite, Maragondong, Merrill 4181, July, 1905, in forested ravines along a small stream, altitude about 250 m.
Manifestly allied to the preceding species, differing in its less numerous, larger, more strongly acuminate leaflets, and by having flowers twice as large..
6. Millettia foxworthyi sp. nov. § Eumillettia.
Arbor glabra circiter 15 m alta; foliis imparipinnatis, circiter 8 cm longis; foliolis 3-jugatis, oblongo-ellipticis, chartaeeis, 2 ad 4 cm longis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis, subtus pallidioribus ; racemis axillaribus, foliis subaequalibus vel brevioribus; floribus circiter 1.5 cm longis.
A. glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches reddish-brown, lenti- cellate. Leaves odd-pinnate, about 8 cm long; leaflets 2- or 3-pinnate, oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, 2 .to 4 cm long, 1.2 to 1.7 cm wide, the base acute or rounded, the apex acute or somewhat acuminate, the lower surface much paler than the upper, both dull or only slightly shining when dry ; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, not distinct, the reticulations subobsolete; petiolules about 4 mm long. Racemes in the upper axils, shorter than the leaves, rather many-flowered. Flowers
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
73
light-purple, their pedicels about 8 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, about 4 mm high. Standard elliptic-obovate, about 1.5 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, slightly pubescent outside, the apex rounded, somewhat cleft, the basal callosities prominent, subcartilaginous, 2.5 to 3 mm wide, 1 mm high, the claw stout, about 2 mm long. Vexillary filament free at the base, then united with the rest for most of its length. Ovary glabrous, or with a very few scattered hairs.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 7J/.0 Foxworthy, March, 1906, along river banks, altitude about 250 m.
As to the genus, Prain3s calls attention to the fact that F. von Mueller has shown that Millettia is not distinct from Wistaria, and that Otto Kuntze 39 has proposed the adoption of Phaseoloides Mill., in the modified form Phaseolodes, to include the various species of both Millettia and Wistaria. This is, however, inadmissible under generally accepted rules, as Miller’s name is pre-Linnean, dating from 1737, and seems not to have been used in the interval. Kraunhia Raf. (1809), is noted by Prain as the earliest unobjectional name, but this was excluded by the Vienna Botanical Congress in favor of Wistaria. Small40 has taken up the name Bradlea Adans. (1763), for the American species of Wistaria, but it seems doubtful if this suggestion will meet with general approval. Under the Vienna rules, Wistaria Nutt. (1816), which is older than Millettia W. & A. (1834), would be the proper name for the species now placed in Millettia, if the two genera are to be combined. Pending a revision of the entire group, Millettia is retained.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Millettia pulchra Benth. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59.
Millettia sericea W. & A.; F.-Vill. 1. c.
Millettia splendens W. & A.; F.-Vill. 1. c.
None of the above species are definitely known from the Philippines, and all were doubtless admitted on erroneous identifications on the part of F.-Villar.
39. GLIRICIDIA H. B. K.
1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. Nomencl. (1821) 688; Urban Symbol. Antill. 2 (1900) 288; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 17; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64.
Robinia sepium Jacq. Enum. (1760) 28.
Gliricidia maculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 6 (1823) 393, in nota, ex Ind. Kew. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59; Merr. in Forestry Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 22.
Galedupa pungam Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 558, ed. 2 (1845) 390, ed. 3, 2: 352, Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 250, non Gmel.
Millettia ? lusonensis A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 456; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 82.
Millettia splendidissima Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 25, non Bl.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2314 Mearns, For. Bur. 14690 Darling: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2913: Province of Laguna, For. Bur.
^ Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 86.
39 Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 201. t
40 FI. Southeastern U. S. (1903) 612, as Bradleia.
74
MERRILL.
10089 Curran: Manila, Merrill Decades Philip. Forest FI. 289 : Province of Bataan, Ahern 767, For. Bur. 2593 Meyer, Merrill 1523: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2464 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1913, For. Bur. 6596 Kobbe. Mindoro, Merrill 894, For. Bur. 8532 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 3607 Curran, Bur. Sci. 263 Bermejos. Guimaras, For. Bur. 294 Gammill. Bohol, Bur. Sci. 1237 McGregor. Mindanao, Ahern 309.
Native names: Madre cacao ; cacauate, the former of Spanish, the latter of Mexican origin.
A native of tropical America, introduced into the Philippines in the eighteenth century, according to F.-Villar, and now cultivated and subspontaneous more or less throughout the Archipelago ; very abundant in many provinces and islands.
40. SESBANIA Scop.
Flowers small, bud straight; annual suffrutescent herbs (§ Eusesbania).
Flowers 2 cm long; pod twisted, pendulous 1. S. roxburghii
Flowers 1 cm long; pod not twisted, usually ascending 2. S. cannabina
Flowers large, 7 to 8 cm long, the buds faleately recurved; pod not twisted, pendulous (§ Agati) ...L:. :.,a-...., 3. S. grandifiora
1. Sesbania roxburghii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 269. Aeschynomene paludosa Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814), nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832)
333, non Sesbania paludosa Jacq.
Coronilla emerus Blanco FI. Filip. ( 1837 ) 582, non Linn.
Sesbania paludosa Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 82, 367, non Jacq. Sesbania cannabina Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 418, ed. 3, 2: 400, non Pers. Sesbania grandifiora Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 288, non Pers.
Sesbania cochinchinensis Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 452 (1876) 271, non DC.
Sesbania a'culeata var. paludosa Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 115, in part, and excluding the synonym Aeschynomene uliginosa.
Sesbania aculeata F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59, non Pers.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6530 Robinson, For. Bur. 10098 Curran, in shallow water in Lake Bay.
Native names: Balacla (Laguna) ; malacaguios, ex Blanco.
Bengal to Burma, southern China, Formosa, and Java.
2. Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 316; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 265; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 83, 368.
Aeschynomene cannabina Retz. Obs. 5 (1789) 26.
Agati cannabina Desv. Journ. Bot. 1 (1813) 120.
Sesbania aegyptiaca F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 405, non Pers.
Sesbania aculeata F.-Vill. 1. c. 59, non Pers.
Sesbania picta Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 26, non Pers.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8086 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2233 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 7648 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 15695 Merritt & Darling: Province of Union, Fenix 2: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 28, Bur. Sci. 4850 Ramos: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1444 ■ Manila, Burgos 57, McGregor 73: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1370 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Elmer, Eallier s. n. Mindanao, District of Cotabato, For. Bur: 3938 Hutchinson.
Native names: Rubao (Union) ; balacbac (Rizal) ; bayacbac-buquii (Pam- panga).
India to Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Java.
ENUMERATION OP PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
75
3. Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 316; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 599, ed. 2 (1845) 418, ed. 3, 2: 399; Naves 1. c. pi. 291; Baker in Hook, f. FL Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 115; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60; Yidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 40, fig . F.; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 17.
Robinia grandiflora Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 722.
Aeschynomene grandiflora Linn. 1. c. ed. 2 (1763) 1060.
Sesban grandiflorus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 7 (1806) 127.
Agati grandiflora Desv. Journ. Bot. 1 (1813) 120, t. If, fig. 6; Miq. FI. "Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 289; W. F. Wight ex Safford in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9 (1905) 175.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 16 46 If Bacani: Province of Union, Elmer 5667: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 166: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8404 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. If 93 9 Ramos: Manila, Merrill 61f 7, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 55, Eatigbak 21ft: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10336 Curran, Merrill 1895. Guimakas, For. Bur. 98 Ritchie. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 313, Williams 2694.
Universally known in the Tagalog Provinces as caturay, in the Ilocano Prov- inces as catuday ; gawi-gawi (Guimaras).
Widely distributed in the Philippines in and about towns, the flowers eaten as a salad and cooked as a pot herb; probably not a true native of the Phil- ippines. Mascarene Islands through India and Malaya to northern Australia ; usually planted.
The name Sesbania is not the oldest one for this genus, and it is not included in the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. At the risk of being considered inconsistent,. I have, however, retained it for the present work. Otto Kuntze41 has adopted the generic name Emerus Burm. (1737) for all species usually known as Sesbania, but this is inadmissable under all generally accepted rules. In 1763 Adanson proposed two generic names for the species now included in Sesbania, the first, having page priority, Sesban, which was later changed to Sesbania by Scopoli, and the second Agati, which was based on Robinia grandiflora Linn. The latter name was taken up by Desvaux in 1813, with four species, A. cannabina Desv., A. coccimea Desv., A. grandiflora Desv., and A. virgata Desv., in which he has been followed by some recent authors. Small 42 considers Sesban and. Agati to be generically distinct. If strict priority, limited by the date 1753, is to be observed, Sesban would then be the proper generic name, in case a single genus is recognized; if two genera are recognized, then Sesban would be the proper name for the small-flowered species ( § Euses- bania) , and Agati the proper generic name for the large-flowered species
Agati).
41. CLIANTHUS Banks & Soland.
1. Clianthus binnendyckianus Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 402 (1871) 51; Koord. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 19 (1908) 429; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 20.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 381 : Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 5 48, 623, s. n. : District of Davao, Williams 2745. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10767 McGregor.
Celebes and ( ? ) Ceram.
The genus has three known species, two belonging in the subgenus Euclianthus, in Australia, and the above species constituting the subgenus Pseudocliantlius.
41 Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 180.
42 FI. Southeastern U. S. (1903) 614.
76
MERRILL.
The generic name Donia G. Don, has page priority over Clianthus, both genera having been published in the same work; the latter is retained in accordance with the list of noviina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
42. ORMOCARPUM DC.
1. Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) comb. nov.
Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 454.
Hedysarum sennoides Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1207.
Ormocarpum sennoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 315; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 152; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 106; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 17.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Sur, For. Bur. 5631 Klemme: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13956 Merritt <£• Darling.
India, Ceylon, tropical Africa; Siam, southern China, Malaya to northern Australia and Polynesia.
Ormocarpum DC. (1825) is antedated by Diphaca Lour. (1790), so far as the generic name is concerned, but the former is in the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress, and is here retained, although necessitating a change in the specific name according to strict priority. Loureiro cites Rumphius’ Herbarium Amboinense, 3 (1743) 200, t. 128, but the figure apparently represents Ormocarpum gldbrum T. & B. rather than 0. cochinchinense. O. Kuntze43 has taken up Rumphius’ name Solulus for the species generally known as Ormocarpum, but this is inadmissable under all generally accepted rules.
43. AESCHYNOMENE Linn.
1. Aeschynomene indica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 713; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 151; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 106.
Aeschynomene aspera Vogel in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1 : 26, non Linn.
Aeschynomene roxburghii Spreng. ; Llanos Fragm. (1851) 83.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1/235 : Manila, Merrill 31/10, Hernandez 1/9: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 11(23 Ramos. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9021/ Robinson.
A common and widely distributed weed in wet lands, rice paddies, etc.; widely distributed in the tropics, especially in the Old World.
I have seen the Philippine specimen in the Berlin Herbarium determined by Vogel as A. aspera, and consider it to be rather A. indica.
44. SMITH I A Ait.
Calyx rigid, its veins close, parallel, simple, its lips acute, with few scattered
hairs ; flowers yellow 1. S. sensitiva
Calyx membranaceous, its veins not close and parallel, anastomosing, the upper lip truncate, very broad, prominently eiliate-bristly; flowers pale-blue.
2. S. ciliata
1. Smithia sensitiva Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 (1789) 496; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 323; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 148; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 18.
Damapana sensitiva O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 179.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 969, 1211, Bur. Sci. 5533, 5928 Ramos,
43 Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 205.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
77
Elmer 6314, Merrill 4393, Bur. Sci. 8164 McGregor: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 111, 296, Bur. Sci. 8221 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 19, Bur. Sci. 4902, 4895 Ramos. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 811.
In the Philippines mostly at medium altitudes, usually in damp open places; tropical Asia and Africa to China and Formosa, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Java.
2. Smith ia ciliata Royle 111. (1839) 201, t. 35, fig. 2; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 150; C. B. Robinson in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) 184.
Damapana ciliata 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 179.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 910, Merrill 4261, Bur. Sci. 5890 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 2502 Mearns.
In the Philippines growing on dry open slopes in the pine region of northern Luzon; India, Formosa.
Baker states that this species has yellow flowers, but having noted that the Philippine specimens, identified at Kew, and the New York Botanical Garden as Smithia ciliata, all had blue flowers, I wrote to Doctor Prain asking that the material be reexamined, and am indebted to him for the following report made by Mr. Craib : “Royle in his original description ( Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains, p. 201) says nothing about the color of the corolla. In a note, however, he says that he is indebted to Mr. W. Saunders for the drawing published. So .it appears that up to the time of publication of the work quoted, Royle had not himself seen a living specimen of the plant.
“The following is extracted from manuscript notes on the species cover in the Kew Herbarium: ‘The corolla in this plant varies from bluish to whitey-blue nearly white, never yellow (as Royle has painted it) copied in the Flora of British India’ [signed] C. B. Clarke, Oct., 1899.
“The specimen quoted (Merrill 4267) was correctly identified at Kew as Smithia ciliata Royle.”
The oldest valid generic name is Damapana Adans. (1763), but Smithia Ait. (1789) is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
45. ARACHIS Linn.
1. Arachis hypogaea Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 741; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 567, ed. 2 (1845) 396, ed. 3, 2: 363; Naves 1. c. pi. 151; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 281; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60.
Luzon, Province of Tarlac, Dizon 364 ■ Province of Pampanga, Feliciano 213 : Province of Rizal, Loher 2409: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 4010.
Commonly cultivated in the Philippines and in tropical and subtemperate parts of the world. Universally known in the Philippines as mani. The peanut.
46. ZORN I A Gmel.
1. Zornia diphylla (Linn.) Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 318; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 147; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Hedysarum diphyllum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 747.
Lupinus angustifolius Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 566, non Linn.
Smithia bigeminata Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 395, ed. 3, 2: 362.
Zornia nuda Vog. in Linnaea 10 (1836) 587.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16609, 16938 Curran: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1235 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 1421: Province of
78
MERRILL.
Zambales, For. Bur. 5863 Curran: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 127: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1846: Province of Bataan, Merrill 3787, Williams 80.
In open grass-lands at low and medium altitudes in the Philippines; cos- mopolitan in the tropics.
47. DESMODIUM Desv.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Pod distinctly divided into several 1-seeded joints which ultimately separate. Bracts large, orbicular, persistent, foliaceous, inclosing the flowers; an
erect shrub .. 1. D. pulchellum
Bracts very small or none.
Flowers arranged in axillary or panicled umbels; shrubs or small trees. Umbels axillary; leaflets broad at the apex, round, obtuse or very
obscurely and broadly acuminate.
Leaflets small, 1 to 1.8 cm long 2. D. cumingianum
Leaflets ample, mostly 5 to 10 cm long 3. D. umbellatum
Umbels arranged in terminal or . axillary panicles ; leaflets gradually narrowed upward to the acuminate or acute apex.
4. D. quinquepetalum
Flowers not umbellate; shrubs or herbs.
Pods not sinuate, the segments indehiscent, 3 to 5 times as long as broad.
Erect, suffrutescent; leaflets ovate, ample, 7 to 16 cm long, acute or acuminate f 5. D. laxiflorum
Herbaceous, spreading; leaflets small, 2 to 4 cm long, or in luxuriant forms rarely 6 cm long, elliptic, obtuse, rounded, or retuse.
6. D. scorpiurus
Segments of the pods dehiscent or indehiscent, not manifestly longer than broad, or if so, then deeply sinuate.
Pods not stipitate, the segments indehiscent, as broad as long, spirally twisted, both sutures deeply indented; herbaceous.
8. D. procunibens
Pods stipitate, the segments longer than broad, the upper suture straight, . the lower very deeply sinuate, the constrictions reaching nearly to the upper suture; shrubby.
Leaves quite glabrous; pod long exserted, its. stipe usually much
longer than the first segment 9. D. laxum
Leaves more or less pubescent; stipe shorter than the first seg-
ment.
Flowers 8 to 10 mm long; pods with 2 to 4 joints.... 10. D. scalpe Flowers 3 to 4 mm long; pods with 1 or 2 joints.
11. D.podocarpum
• Pods not stipitate; both sutures slightly indented; calyx- teeth short,
deltoid; shrubs.
Plant rather strongly pubescent; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, repand;
pod with from 8 to* 12 joints 12. D. sinuatum
Plant only slightly pubescent; leaflets elliptic-oblong, entire; pod
with 4 joints L 13. D. bolsteri
Pods not stipitate; upper suture straight, the lower deeply in- dented; herbaceous 14. D . malacophyllum
Pods not stipitate, the segments as long as broad, the upper suture straight, the lower slightly sinuate, dehiscent.
Racemes dense in both flower and fruit; shrubby, erect or prostrate
plants.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
79
Leaflets obovate-cuneate, silvery-pubescent beneath ; pedicels al- ways ultimately reflexed; prostrate 15. D. capitatum
Leaflets obovate-oblong or obovate-elliptic ; pedicels erect or as- cending; stems erect 16. D. heterocarpum
Racemes lax in both flower and fruit; leaflets 1 to 2.5 or 3 cm long,
retuse; spreading or ascending herbs 17. D. buergeri
Pods not stipitate, slightly sinuate on both sutures or straight on the upper; trailing or prostrate herbs with small leaves.
Flowers 1 to 3 in the axils of the. leaves, with no common peduncle. Pedicels shorter than or hardly exceeding the petioles; leaflets obovate-cuneate, truncate or emarginate; branches glabres-
cent 20. D. triflorum
Pedicels manifestly exceeding the petioles; leaflets oblong, usually rounded at the apex; branches pubescent with spreading
hairs 21. D. heterophyllum
Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes; leaflets minute, 8 mm
long or less 22. D. microphyllum
Pods indistinctly jointed, dehiscing in a continuous line along the lower suture; erect undershrubs.
Pods glabrous 23. D. gyrans
Pods copiously pubescent 24. D. gyroides
Leaves 1-foliolate.
Petioles winged.
Erect, 1 to 2 m high ; leaflet at least three times as long as the petiole ; pods
appressed-hirsute 25. D. triquetrum
Branches prostrate, spreading from the woody root; leaflet about twice as long as the petiole ; pods ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous.
26. D. pseudotriquetrum
Petioles not winged.
Segments of the pod 1 to 1.5 cm long, many times longer than broad.
7. D. ormocarpoides
Segments of the pod short, not manifestly longer than broad.
Leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate, narrowed to the acute or acuminate apex. ■ Petioles less than 5 mm long; racemes dense; pods pubescent.
4 27. D. virgatum
Petioles 1 to 2.5 cm long.
Racemes elongated, lax, simple, or panicled; pods glabrescent.
28. D. gangeticum
Racemes short, simple; pods pubescent with spreading hairs.
19. D. ovalifolium
Leaflets orbicular to orbicular-ovate, apex broad.
Leaflets not reflexed ; racemes elongated, equaling or exceeding the leaves.
29. D. lasiocarpum
Leaflets reflexed ; racemes much shorter than the leaves.
18. D. retrofleoeum
§ Phtllodium.
1. Desmodium pulchellum (Linn.) Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 83; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 162; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65. Hedysarum pulchellum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 747; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 581. Zornia pulchella Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 318.
Dicerma pulchellum DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. I 4 (1825) 236, Prodr. 2 (1825) 339; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 407, ed. 3, 2: 383.
80
MERRILL.
Phyllodium pulchellum Desv. M6m. Soc. Linn. Paris 4 (1826) 324; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 431; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 260.
Meibomia pulchella 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 197.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 1552k Merritt cC- Darling: Province of Union, For. Bur. 15109 Merritt d Darling: Province of Benguet, Topping 55: Province of Bataan, Williams 68, Merrill 3310, Copeland, 292, For. Bur. 2185 Meyer: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1973 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 2110, Decades Philip. Forest FI. 252 Ahern’s collector: Province of Batangas, Katigbalc 280. Culion, Merrill k38. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 201 Bermejos. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 11)8. Basilan, DeVore d Hoover 80.
Native names: Panjang-payang (Rizal) ; calaicai, ex Blanco (Visayan).
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially at low altitudes; Ceylon and India to southern China and Formosa, southward through Malaya to New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago.
Desmodium elegans (Lour.) Benth., is said by Hemsley44 to extend from southern China to Cochin-China, Java, and the Philippines. I have, however, seen no Philippine specimens that I consider as referable to this species, and the extension of range of D. elegans to the Archipelago may have been based on an erroneously identified specimen of D. pulchellum.
§ Dendrolobium.
2. Desmodium cumingianum (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107.
Dendrolobium cumingianum Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 216; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 263.
Luzon, Province of Batangas, Cuming lk5k-
This endemic species has not been rediscovered since Cuming’s time. The locality is taken from Cuming’s own list at Kew. It is manifestly allied to Z>. umbellatum, but at the same time quite distinct from that species.
3. Desmodium umbellatum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 325; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 161; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. lpl, fig. D, Rev. PI, Vase. Filip. (1886) 106; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61.
Hedysarum umbellatum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 747.
Aeschynamene arborea Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 581, ed. 2 (1845) 406, ed. 3, 2: 381.
Dendrolobium umbellatum W. & A. ex Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 216; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 431; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1l (1855) 262.
Meibomia umbellata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 197.
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 31k 5 Fenix, Bur. Sci. 10138 McGregor. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. kll5 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n., Merrill 2093: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2026 Borden, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. lkl Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Gregory 95, For. Bur. 7477 Reyes, Whit ford 698, 751: Province of Camarines, Ahern 222. Mindoro, For. Bur. 5396, 9615 Merritt, Merrill 2251. Culion, Merrill 550. Palawan, For. Bur. 3531, 3177 Curran. Tablas, McGregor 338. Bohol, Bur. Sci. 1263 McGregor. Ticao, For. Bur. 1058, 2531 Clark. Masbate, Merrill 3036. Leyte, For. Bur. 12kk9 Danao. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens 1199, Copeland 625, 1326, Ahern k08, DeVore d Hoover 212. Basilan, For. Bur. 31f68 Hutchinson.
11 Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 171.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
81
Native names: Malacarios (Zambales) ; nagtan-urang (Masbate) ; miagos (Tieao) ; cabay-cabay (Tayabas).
Along the seashore throughout the Philippines; from the Mascarene Islands through India, southern China, Malaya, northern Australia and Polynesia.
4. Desmodium quinquepetalum (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 20.
Gytisus quinquepetalus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 598.
Glycine cajanoides Walp. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 324; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Cajanus quinquepetalus Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 ( 1845 ) 417, ed. 3, 2 : 397.
Desmodium cephalotes F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61, non Wall.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7256 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13819, 13912, 13960, 15521 Merritt & Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5259 Klemme: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 14118 Merritt & Darling, Williams 930, Bur. Sci. 5573 Ramos: Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 5270 McGregor : Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 5122 Ramos, For. Bur. 5808, 6963, 6958 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4909 Ramos: Province of Pam- panga, For. Bur. 9613 ZschoJcke: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 113: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1841, 2154, 3296 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1498 Ramos. With- out locality (Vidal 245, 246, 247, 1063; Loher 2368, 2369, 2370) in Herb. Kew. fide Prain in lit.
Native names: Pangardisan, pangaldisan (Ilocos, Benguet) ; payispis, baquis- quis (Rizal).
Widely distributed in Luzon at low and medium altitudes in open thickets; endemic. I have examined the type of Glycine cajanoides Walp. in the Berlin herbarium and find that it is identical with the above species.
§ Scorpiurus.
5. Desmodium laxiflorum DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 335; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 164; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 18; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Desmodium recurvatum Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5717; Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 225. .
Meibomia laxiflora 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 15685 Merritt & Darling: District of Lepanto, Merrill 4464-' Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 14411 Darling, Merrill 4394: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2218 Meyer, Williams 269: Province of La- guna, Eallier s. n., Bur. Sci. 6025, 6090 Robinson: Province of Rizal, Loher 2363, Merrill 1348, For. Bur. 1976 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 27. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 239 Bermejos. Ticao, For. Bur. 12556 Rosenbluth. Negros, For. Bur. 5608 Everett. Mindanao, For. Bur. 9230 Whitford & Hutchinson. Basilan, Eallier s. n.
Native names: Mamgquit (Rizal); Manquit-labuyo (Laguna).
Widely distributed in the Philippines in thickets and ravines from sea level to an altitude of at least 1,000 m; India to Formosa, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
6. Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1 (1813) 122; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 333; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 18; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Hedysarum scorpiurus Sw. Prodr. (1788) 107.
Meibomia scorpiurus 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
93664 6
82
MERRILL.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3699 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 221/2, 2253 Mearns: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 15692 Merritt <& Darling: Province of Union, Elmer 5635: Province of Benguet, Merrill Ifil 1 I (luxuriant form) : Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6098 Robinson: Province of Batangas, Marape 161): Manila, Carlos 132, Mayor 51), Merrill 385, McGregor 78 : Province of Bataan, Merrill 3101, Williams 291. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 661)5 Robin- son. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 1)18 Mangubat.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes along trails, in open grass lands, thickets, etc.; introduced from tropical America.
In a letter written in 1906, Dr. C. B. Robinson states that a specimen from Formosa, Henry. 1116, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, is the same as Williams 291 and Elmer 5635, and that comparison with D. scorpiurus shows that the American material has consistently narrower leaflets than the Philippine, which is borne out by the single American specimen here, S, intents 2971 from Porto Rico.
7. Desmodium ormocarpoides (Desv.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 327; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 164; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 18; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 276.
Hedysarum ormocarpoides Desv. ex DC. 1. c. as syn.
Meibomia ormocarpodes 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Whit. ford 865. Mindoro, Merrill 6223. Samar, Merrill 5201. Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1131 McGregor. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 632.
Ipdia to the Malay Peninsula and Java.
§ Chalarium.
8. Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) A. S. Hitchc. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4 (1893) 76.
Hedysarum procumbens Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) no. 10.
Hedysarum ’spirale Sw. Prodr. (1788) 107. •
Desmodium spirale DC. Prodr . 2 (1825) 332; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 408, ed. 3, 2: 385; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 164; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 19.
Desmodium ehamissonis Vog. in Linnaea 10 (1836) 588.
Hippocrepis rhomboidea Blanco FI. Filip. ( 1837) 585.
Meibomia ehamissonis ct M. spiralis O. Kuntze 1. c. 197.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 1623 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 15691 Merritt <G Darling: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1129 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. l/Sll Ramos: Manila, Merrill 836, Rosario 320.
Widely distributed as a weed in waste places at low altitudes; tropics of the world, probably a native of tropical America.
§ Podocarpium.
9. Desmodium laxum DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. I 4 (1825) 102, Prodr. 2 (1825) 336; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66- (1897) 138.
Desmodium gardneri Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 226; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 165.
Desmodium leptopus A. Gray ex Benth. 1. c., Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
83
(1854) 436; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 81, pi. 1; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.' I1 (1855) 255.
Meibomia leptopus O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4132 F&nix. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6527, Williams 1409, For. Bur. 15913 Bacani : Province of La- guna, Willces Expedition, in U. S. Nat. Herb. : Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bur. Sci. 8199 Ramos: Province of Albay, Bur. Sci. 6473 Robinson. Negros, Bur. Sci. 1152, 1163 Banks. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 84, s. n. : Province of Misamis, For. Bur. 4768 M earns & Hutchinson.
India to Indo-China, China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
The Philippine material seems to have rather shorter articulations to the pods than has Asiatic material, but I do not consider the differences sufficient to 'warrant distinguishing D. leptopus from D. laxum ( D. gardneri Benth.). Dr. Prain, in lit., has identified Elmer 6527 with D. laxum DC., stating that D. gardneri Benth. is the same as DeC'andolle’s species. For a full description of D. laxum DC. see Prain in King’s Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Pen- insula.45
10. Desmodium scalpe (Comm.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 165; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61.
Hedysarum scalpe Comm, ex DC. 1. c. as syn.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, For. Bur. 14493 Darling, For. Bur. 5676 Klernme: Province of Benguet, Elmer 5914, Merrill 4835, 4330, Williams 1126, Topping 60, Bur. Sci.. 5357 Ramos, For. Bur. 15745 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 4937 Curran.
In the Philippines apparently confined to the high tableland of north central Luzon; Africa, tropical Asia and Malaya.
11. Desmodium podocarpum DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. I 4 (1825) 102, Prodr. 2 (1825) 336; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 165; Forbes & Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 174.
Meibomia podocar pa O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, 'Williams 1398, Merrill 4356.
Northern India to China and Japan; not previously reported from the Phil- ippines.
§ Dollinera.
12. Desmodium sinuatum (Miq.) Bl. ex Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 166.
Desmodium strangulatum var. sinuatum Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 255.
Meibomia sinuata 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Merrill 4642: Province of Benguet, Topping 61, Bur. Sci. 5458, 5563, 5791 Ramos, Williams 914, Bur. Sci. 44~9, 3518 Mearns, For. Bur. 5130 Curran, For. Bur. 16034 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke. Mindanao, Mount Apo, DeVore & Hoover 315, 354-
A species confined to high altitudes in the Philippines; India to southern China and Formosa, through Malaya to New Guinea. Not previously reported from the Philippines.
13. Desmodium bolsteri Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. '102.
Luzon, Province of- Cagayan, Pena Blanca, Bolster 181.
Endemic.
45 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66- (1897 ) 138.
84
MERRILL.
§ Nicholsonia.
14. Desmodium malacophyllum (Link) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 338, ( mala - chophyllum) ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Hedysarum malacophyllum Link Enum. (1822) 247.
Meibomia malacophylla .0. Ivuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 198.
Luzon, Ghamisso in herb. Berol.
This species is only known from the type collection, and it is probable that Chamisso secured his material somewhere in Cavite Province, Luzon. I have examined the type, but from my notes and the short original description, was unable to determine with satisfaction the status of the species. Through the kindness of Dr. I. Urban, I have recently been again able to examine fragments of the type specimens, loaned to me for the purpose, as well as a sketch of the fruit made by Doctor Harms. Regarding the species, Doctor Harms, who has kindly reexamined the type writes as follows : “Chamisso’s type of Desmodium malacophyllum DC. in the Berlin Herbarium is entirely different from D. laxiflorum DC., a common species described in Hooker’s ‘Flora of British India’ as having ‘not at all or slightly constricted pods,’ whereas in Chamisso’s plant the pods are deeply indented on one suture, and nearly straight on the other. The leaflets in D. laxiflorum are acute, and in D. malacophyllum they are obtuse or subobtuse. D. malacophyllum seems to belong to the group of species included in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. II between nos. 28 and 32.”
15. Desmodium capitatum (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 336; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 241; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 170; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 107; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Hedysarum capitatum Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 167, t. 64, fig. 1.
Meibomia capitata O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 195.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4862, 4880 Ramos: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 48: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1559: Province of Rizal, Katigbalc 225: Province of Cavite, Tirona 252: Province of Laguna, Hallier s. n. Mindoko, For. Bur. 5510, 5528 Merritt, Merrill 6224- Mindanao, District of Cotabato, Mrs. Clemens 189 : District of Davao, Copeland 359, DeVore <6 Hoover 127, 192. Basilan, Hallier s. n.
Native names: Manimanilian (Bataan); mani-parang, mani-mani (Mindoro). Ceylon and India to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
16. Desmodium heterocarpum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 337; Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 53.
Hedysarum heterocarpum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 747.
Hedysarum polycarpon Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6 (1804) 413.
Desmodium polycgrpum DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 171; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62;. Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 18; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Meibomia heterocarpa 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Merrill 4458: Province of Benguet, Williams 926: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 12499 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 5269, 5295 McGregor: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 186: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1483 Ramos. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6879 Robinson. Negros, For. Bur. 4318 Everett. Samar, Merrill 5221. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Allen 140 ; Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 368, s. n.
Native names: Mani-mani (Negros); manimanihan (Polillo).
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OS AE.
85
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; tropical Asia to Japan, Malaya to northern Australia and Polynesia ; also in tropical Africa.
17. Desmodium buergeri Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 45.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 1400, 1402, Merrill 4374 : Province of
Laguna, Hallier s. n. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
This species was placed among the synonyms of Desmodium heterocarpum (D. polycarpum) by Baker, but the specimens here cited seemed so distinct from that species that request was made of Dr. J. K. Small for comparison of them with the collections in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. He writes that “Williams’ specimens nos. 1400 and 1402 agree exactly with specimens of D. buergeri from Japan. The latter species seems to be referred to D. poly- carpum, but judging from apparently authentic material of D. polycarpum in our collection, I can not see why the two species are merged.” D. buergeri is manifestly allied to D. heterocarpum, but differs from the typical forms of that species in its very diffuse habit, much smaller and differently shaped leaflets, and its lax racemes.
Japan.
18. Desmodium retroflexum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 336; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 170; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 176; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) 267.
Meibomia retroflexa O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 197.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 5278 McGregor.
Himalayan region to Tenasserim and southern China.
19. Desmodium ovalifolium Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5730.
Desmodium polycarpum var. ovalifolia Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 141.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 227, For. Bur. 3115 Meyer.
Penang and Sumatra.
Doctor Prain, who has identified the above specimens, writes me that he considers D. ovalifolium to be a good species; it was reduced by Baker to D. polycarpum DC. ( D . heterocarpum (L.) DC.).
§ Sagotia.
20. Desmodium triflorum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 238; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 173; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Yid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 135.
Eedysarum triflorum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 749.
Hippocrepis humilis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 585.
Desmodium parvifoiium Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 408, ed. 3, 2: 386, non DC.
Meibomia triflora O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 197.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7935, 7465 Ramos, For. Bur. 16610 Curran: Province of Benguet, Williams 1278: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 112: Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n., Williams 263: Manila, Garcia 55, Merrill 38^, Elmer 5515. Polillo, Bur. Sci. '10766 McGregor. Pan ay, Yoder 7. Min- danao, Copeland 403, DeVore & Hoover 203.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; tropics of the world.
21. Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 173; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 135.
86
MERRILL.
Hedysarum heterophyllum Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1201.
Meibomia heterophylla O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1964-
India to China, Malaya, and the Mascarene Islands.
Prain states that this species is rare in India and common in Malaya, but in the Philippines typical Desmodium heterophyllum appears to be rare, and D. triflorum common. I have seen but a single specimen that I consider referable to D. heterophyllum as construed by Prain.48
22. Desmodium microphyllum (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825.) 337.
Hedysarum microphyllum Thumb. FI. Jap. (1784) 284.
Desmodium parvifolium DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. I 4 (1825) 100, Prodr. 2 (1825) 334; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 174; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Meibomia microphylla O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PL (1897) 198.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15616 Curran, Bur. Sci. 5321 Ramos, Williams 1395, 1396, Bur. Sci. 4446 M earns, Merrill 4305, Elmer 5849, For. Bur. 18153 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 38.
In the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes ; India and Ceylon to China and Japan, southward through Malaya to New Guinea.
§ Pleurolobium.
23. Desmodium gyrans (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 326; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Ind. 2 (1876) 174; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107. .
Hedysarum gyrans Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 332.
Meibomia gyrans O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7922 Ramos: Province of Nueva Viz- caya, Bur. Sci. 825 7 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 920, 1407, Merrill
India to Java and Sumatra, not reported from China or the Malay Peninsula, but found in Formosa.
24. Desmodium gyroides (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 326; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Ind. 2 (1876) 175; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66- (1897) 145; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 103.
Hedysarum gyroides Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 57, nomen.
Meibomia gyrodes O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PL (1891) 196.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 369.
India to southern China and Formosa southward through Malaya to New Guinea.
§ Pteroloma.
25. Desmodium triquetrum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 326; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 163; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 19; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 143, 390.
Hedysarum triquetrum Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 746.
Pteroloma triquetrum Benth. Pl. Jungh. (1852) 220; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 258.
Meibomia triquetra O. Kuntze Rev. Gen; Pl. (1891) 197.
Culion, Merrill 519, Bur. Sci. 181 Bermejos. A specimen from Rizal Prov- ince, Luzon, Bur. Sci. 1036 Ramos, is also probably referable here.
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 135.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
87
Mascarene Islands, India, southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipel- ago to New Guinea and northern Australia.
26. Desmodium pseudotriquetrum DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. I 4 (1825) 100, Prodr.
2 (1825) 326.
Desmodium- triquetrum subsp. pseudotriquetrum Plain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66- (1897) 390.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Merrill 4477 , Williams .1414 ■
Northern India and the mountains of Assam.
This species was reduced by Baker to D. triquetrum DC., but its habit is entirely different, its leaves much smaller, and its pods glabrous, except for the ciliate margins. The two specimens cited above appear to be in all respects typical D. pseudotriquetrum, and I consider the form to be worthy of specific rank.
§ Heteroloma.
27. Desmodium virgatum Zoll. Nat. Geneesk. Arch. 3 (1846) 58; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66" (1897) 143, 399; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci.
3 (1908) Bot. 103.
Desmodium gangeticum Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi, 377. non DC. Desmodium latifolium var. virgatum Miq. FI. lnd. Bat. I1 (1855) 247.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 4 Faxworthy : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2231 Meyer: without locality, Marave 155, Vidal 248 (Herb. Kew), Loher 2348, 2349 (Herb. Kew).
This species was reduced to Desmodium latifolium DC. by Miquel, as a variety, and later by Baker was merged in the species; it is, however, entirely worthy of specific rank.
Chittagong to Burma, Perak and Java.
28. Desmodium gangeticum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 327; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 247; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 168; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Hedysarum gangeticum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 746.
Desmodium gangeticum var. neaei DC. Prodr. 2 (182'5) 327.
Hippocrepis comosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 584, non Linn.
Desmodium diversifolium Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 408, ed. 3, 2: 384, non DC. Meibomia gangetica 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16767 Curran : Province of Iloeos Norte, Bur. Sci. 7641 llamos : Province of Benguet, Williams 14 06 : Province of Union, Elrrier 5671: Province of Pangasinan, Merrill 2872: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 46 : Manila, McGregor 75, Baja 249 : Province of Cavite, Bur. Sci. 1300 Mangubat : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 6146 Robinson: Province of Bataan, Williams 52, Whi'tford 406, Elmer 6852, Merrill 3104: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 659, Gregory 119. Mindoro, Merrill 1269. Palawan, Merrill 849. Guimaras, For. Bur. 6479 Everett. Bohol, Miss Adams. Basilan, DeVore & Hoover 36.
Native names: Manquit (Bataan) ; payang-payimg (Tayabas) ; diquit-diquit (Pangasinan); pega-pega (Basilan).
The variety neaei DC. Prodr. 2 ( 1825 ) 327, described from Philippine material, is not distinct from the species. The type- has been kindly examined by Mr. C. DeCandolle at my request.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; tropical Africa and Asia to China, through Malaya to northern Australia and Polynesia; introduced in the West Indies.
88
MERRILL.
29. Desmodium lasiocarpum (Beauv.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 328.
Uedysarum lasiocarpum Beauv. FI. Oware & Benin 1 (1804) 32, t. 18; Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 5 (1817) 15.
Uedysarum latifolium Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 57.
Desmodium latifolium DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 328; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 168; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62, excl. syn. Naves pi. 372; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 107.
Hippocrepis multisiliquosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 584.
Desmodium gangeticum Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 408, ed. 3, 2: 384, non DC.
. Meibomia lasiocarpa 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 196.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15915 Bacani, Williams 1405: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1833 Ramos, For. Bur. 2008 Ahern’s collector: Province of Laguna, Hallier s. n. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Merrill 5466. Negros, For. Bur. 13720 Curran.
Tropical Africa and Asia to southern China and Formosa, through Malaya to New Guinea; introduced in the West Indies.
The specimens from Rizal Province sometimes have simple leaves, sometimes two leaflets, and sometimes three; the additional leaflets, when present, are very much smaller than the normal single one. The specimens are all manifestly referable to this species.
The Blancoan synonyms are referred here, and under D. gangeticum, above, after iF.-Villar ; the descriptions are too imperfect to be absolutely sure of the correctness of the identifications.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Desmodium pilosiusculum DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 335.
The origin of the material on which this species was based is doubtful. DeCandolle says “in Philippieis ? (v. s. ex herb. Thibaud. ).” Mr. C. DeCandolle has kindly supplied me with a photograph of the type; it is not matched by any recently collected Philippine material, nor among the extra-Philippine species represented in this Herbarium. Mr. C. DeCandolle suggests that the specimen may have come from America.
Desmodium kingianum Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66- (1897) 398.
The type of this species was from Burma. Usteri 47 has reported it from Cebu and Panay, but I have seen no Philippine specimens that agree with Prain’s description. The Philippine reference may have been based on erroneously identified material.
Desmodium reniforme DC.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
A species not definitely known from the Philippines. It is reported from India and Java.
Desmodium Desv. (1813) is antedated by Meibomia Adans. (1763), and Pleurolobus St. Ilil. (1812), but is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
48. MONARTHROCARPUS gen. nov.
Calycis tubus brevis; lobi 2 superiores alte connati, 3 inferiores Sub- caudato-acuminati. Corolla ut in Desmodio ; vexillum orbieulari-obova- tum basi angustatum; alae oblongae, carinae adhaerentes. Stamen vexil-
Beitr. Ken. Phil. Veg. (1905) 115.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
89
lare a basi liberum, caetera connata. Ovarium stipitatum, 1-ovulatum. Legumen stipitatum, compressum, non articulatum, indehiscens, lanceo- lato-aeinaciforme, acuminatum, retieulatum, monospermum. Semen estrophiolatum, anguste oblongum. Frutex parvus, suberectus. Folia 3-vel 1-foliolata, foliolis amplis, basi triplinerviis. Flores parvi, race- mosi vel rarius panieulati.
Monarthrocarpus securiformis (Benth.) comb. nov.
Desmodium secmriforme Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 226; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 255; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108.
An undershrub 20 to 60 cm high, erect or slightly scandent, the stem grayish or brownish, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, glabrous, smooth, simple, or very rarely with one or two branches, the younger parts densely puber- ulent. Leaves trifoliolate, the common petiole and rachis 5 to 10 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 5 to 7 mm long, striate, puberulent; stipels acicular, puberulent, 3 to 5 mm long ; leaflets subrhomboid, oblong- ovate to elliptic-ovate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, glabrous on the upper surface, the lower somewhat puberulent on the veins and reticula- tions, the apex rather strongly subcaudate acuminate, the base triangular- acute, the terminal leaflet equilateral 9 to 20 cm long, 5 to 7.5 cm wide, the lateral ones one-half to two-thirds as large, and somewhat inequi- lateral at the base, the rachis prolonged 1 to 3 cm beyond the insertion of the lateral leaflets; nerves prominent on the lower surface, a pair of opposite or alternate ones leaving the midrib at 5 to 10 mm above the base and extending to or above the middle of the leaflet, the lateral nerves above the subbasal pair 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved- ascending, ultimately anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, rather lax; petiolules puberulent, 2 to 4 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, of simple racemes, or rarely forming a 2- or 3-branched panicle, 10 to 20 cm long, puberulent. Flowers white, about 7 mm long, in pairs, the bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, strongly acuminate, 1.5 mm long, the pedicels about 2 mm long. Calyx 3 mm long, puberulent, 2-cleft, the upper lobe with two minute teeth, the lower divided into three ovate-lanceolate, strongly caudate-acuminate, 1.5 mm long teeth. Standard orbicular- obovate, about 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, rounded, base narrowed to the short claw; wings about 2 mm wide, united to the keel. Yexillary filament free throughout. Ovary stipitate, lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, viscid-puberulent, with a single ovule. Pod not articulated, com- pressed, lanceolate-acinaciform, narrowed at both ends, stipitate, the apex prominently acuminate, somewhat falcate or nearly straight, the upper suture usually straight, the lower curved, scahrous-puberulent, indehiscent, strongly reticulate, the pericarp coriaceous, 2 to 3 cm long, 4 to 5 mm wide. Seed solitary, brown, glabrous, narrowly oblong,
90
MERRILL.
blunt at both ends, straight or slightly curved, about 2 cm long, and 3 mm wide, often thicker in one half than in the other.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Cuming 516 (type in Herb. Kew.), Elmer 8250, Alberto s. n. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 293, s. n. Basilan, For. Bur. 3456 Hutchinson. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10161 McGregor.
A sylvan species extending from slightly above sea level to an altitude of at least 800 m.
Var. monophylla var. nov.
Differt a typo foliis omnibus unifoliolatis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Catalonan, Copeland 931, April, 1904, in forests, altitude 125 m.
This endemic species was originally described by Bentham as Desmodium securiforme, and placed by him in the section Podocarpium, stating that the
articulations of the pods are usually solitary; a rather complete series of speci-
mens shows that the pods are always reduced to a single joint, and that in a number of flowers examined, from different specimens, the ovaries never show traces of more than one joint, or more than one ovule. It has the general appearance of various species of Desmodium of the section Podocarpium, and has undoubtedly been derived from the section; it is, however, distinguishable
from all species of Desmodium by its 1 -seeded, • nonarticulated pods, 1-ovuled
ovaries, and narrowly oblong seeds, and I consider it to be generically distinct.
While Monarthrocarpus may not be distinguished from Desmodium by stronger characters than some of the sections of that genus, such as Dendrolobium, Phyllo- dium, etc., it has been considered expedient to propose for it generic rank, although logically, it should, perhaps be treated only^ as a section. As noted in the introduc- tion to this paper, for purposes of comparison, genera have been retained as defined by Bentham and Hooker in their Genera Plantarum, or by Taubert in the Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, and hence I have not followed some recent botanists in raising various sections or subgenera of Desmodium, Cassia, etc., to generic rank, although in a number of cases I have no doubt but that some of the sections or subgenera are worthy of being so treated.
49. PSEUDARTHRI A W. & A.
1. Pseudarthria viscida (Linn.) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 209; Wight Ic. t. 286; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 154; Ceron Cat. PL Herb. (Manila) (1892) 62.
Hedysarum viscidum L. Sp. PI. (1753) 747.
Desmodium viscidum DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 336.
Desmodium timoriense DC. 1. c. 327.
Panat, Yoder J/0, Copeland s. n.
India and Ceylon to Timor; not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
Dr. H. Lecomte of the Museum of Natural History, Paris, has kindly compared material of Yoder 40 with the type collection of Desmodium timoriense DC., and informs me that the Philippine material is the same as DeCandolle’s species, which is here accordingly reduced.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
91
50. PYCNOSPORA R. Br.
1. Pycnospora nervosa (Grah.) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 197.
Crotalaria ? nervosa- Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5428, nomen.
' Pycnospora hedysaroides R. Br. ex W. & A. 1. e. ; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 153; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 921, llfOl. Semeraba, Merrill If 145. Culion, Merrill 681. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. : District of Davao, Williams 2629, 2951.
India and Ceylon to southern China and Formosa, and northern Australia, but not as yet reported from the Malay Peninsula or Archipelago.
The earliest specific name for this species is possibly supplied by Flemingia polyspermia Moon Cat. (1824) 54, but the identity of Moon’s species appears to be doubtful, as it is questionably referred here both by Wight & Arnott, and by Trimen. The original use of Crotalaria ? nervosa Grah. is a nomen nudum, and has no standing, but Pycnospora nervosa was published by Wight & Arnott, and it ■ is considered that this name has precedence over the more commonly used P. hedysaroides R. Br., which was mentioned by Wight & Arnott only incidentally.
51. ALYSICARPUS Neck.
Calyx equaling several joints of the pod; pods glabrous, not at all rugose; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear; racemes slender, 8 to 15 cm long.
1. A. bupleurifolius
Calyx equaling the first or second joint of the pod only; pods glabrous or puberulent, distinctly rugose; leaves various, but never linear or linear- lanceolate; racemes less than 8 cm long.
Erect or suberect, often 1 m high, the branches sometimes hirsute with long, scattered, spreading hairs, never puberulent; leaves elliptic to elliptic- oblong, usually retuse at both ends; racemes lax, pods entirely glabrous.
2. A. vaginalis
Prostrate or spreading, rarely ascending, the branches usually less than 50 cm long; branchlets minutely puberulent; leaves exceedingly variable, acute; acuminate, or at least apiculate at the apex, never retuse; racemes dense;
pods puberulent 3. A. nummular if olius
1. Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 352; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 158; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 232; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108.
Hedysarum bupleurifolium Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 745.
Tetragonolobus sim plicif olius Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 397, ed. 3, 2: 364 ?
Fabricia bupleurifoliai O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PL (1891) 181.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4977 Ramos: Province of Tarlac, Merrill s. n. : Province of Rizal, Merrill: Manila, McGregor 62. Mindanao. District of Davao, Copeland 363, Williams 2988.
India and Ceylon, the Mascarene Islands, to southern China, Java, Timor, and Polynesia; not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
Tetragonolobus sim, plicif olius Blanco is referred here with doubt, as the short description does not apply in all respects; it is perhaps the same as A. tetragono- lobus Edgw., where it was referred by F.-Villar, but I have seen no Philippine material at all approaching the latter species, which is definitely known only from India.
92
MERRILL.
2. Alysicarpus vaginalis (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 353; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 231; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 158; Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 44; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 132.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2302 Mearns: Province of Bataan, Williams 166: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4866 Ramos: Province of Rizal, Cuzner 11.
India and Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago; other distribution doubtful on account of more or less confusion, by various authors, with the next.
3. Alysicarpus nummularifolius (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 353.
Hedysarum nummularifolium Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 746, in part, excl. FI. Zeyl,
288, which is Indigofera echinata Willd., fide Trimen.
Alyscicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 232; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 158; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 133.
Fabricia nummular iaefolia O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 181.
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 3735 Fenix, Bur. Sci. 10133 McGregor. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Merrill 320, 320a: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 48: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 250: Manila, McGregor 71, Merrill 65, 3462, Santiago 50: Province of Bataan, Elmer 6778, Merrill 3091, Whitford 407, Williams 59: Province of Rizal, Cuzner 12. Mindoro, McGregor 321. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 893 Foxworthy. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 413 Mangubat. Cebu, Barrow 14 ■ Negros, For. Bur. 13717 Curran. Panay, Copeland s. n., Yoder 10. Bohol, Bur. Sci. 1243 McGregor. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 8, s. n. : District of Cotabato, Copelamd s. n. : District of Zamboanga, Williams 2101. Basilan, DeVore & Hoover 37.
Native names: Manimanihan, Manimani (Manila); banig-usa (Bataan).
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; India and Ceylon to southern China and Formosa, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to Polynesia ; introduced in tropical America.
This was reduced by Miquel as a variety of Alysicarpus vaginalis, in which he has been followed by later authors. Prain states that the distinguishing characters are the spreading habit and condensed racemes of nummularifolius, and the ascending stems and lax racemes of vaginalis, and that the leaf characters depended upon by many botanists are not sufficiently constant; so far as our material goes, other apparently good characters are the much larger size, retuse leaves, and glabrous pods of vaginalis, and the smaller size, acute, acuminate or apiculate leaves, and puberulent pods of nummularifolius.
Specimens identified by Perkins 48 as A. vaginalis are rather A. nummularifolius, as well as those so determined by myself.49 The leaves are exceedingly variable, elliptic, ovate, oblong, and even lanceolate ones being sometimes found on the same specimen; while on some plants, only elliptic, or ovate, or oblong leaves are found.
The original Hedysarum nummularifolium Linn, is a mixture, but I consider that it is typified by the reference to Petiver Gaz. 41, t. 26, f. 4, “Onobrychis
maderaspat. nummulariae folio, ” from which the specific name was taken.
Mr. Oakes Ames has kindly supplied me with a tracing of this figure, and it unquestionably represents the species as here interpreted. Linnaeus’ first reference is to “FI. zeyl. 288,” and the specimen in Hermann’s Herbarium is Indigofera echinata Willd.60
48 Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 19.
49 This Journal 1 (1906) Suppl. 65; 1. c. 3 (1908) Bot. 410.
60 Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 21.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE. 93
52. URARIA Desv.
Stems erect, heads long-cylindric, 10 to 20 cm long; upper leaves 5-9-foliolate, the leaflets linear-lanceolate feUI I. U. picta
Stems trailing, heads short, oblong, less than 8 cm long; leaves simple and trifoliolate, the leaflets oblong-rhomboid to elliptic 1. 2. U. lagopodioides
1. Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1 (1813) 123, t. 5, fig. 19; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 324; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 267; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 430; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 155; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108.
Hedysarum pictum Jacq. Coll. 2 (1788) 262; Ic. 3 (1786-93) t. 567.
■Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7924 Ramos: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8110 Ramos: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 393: Province of Benguet, Williams 1416: Province of Bataan , Merrill 6247. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 1521 Bermejos. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2929.
Tropical Africa and Asia to China and Formosa, Malaya to northern Australia ; introduced in the West Indies.
2. Uraria lagopodioides (Linn.) Don Prodr. FI. Nepal. (1825) 324; Desv. M6m. Soc. Linn. Paris 4 (1826) 309; Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee (1901) 358.
Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1198.
Hedysarum lagopoides Burm. f. FI. Ind. (1768) 168, t. 53, fig. 2.
Uraria lagopoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 324; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 268; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 430; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 156; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 131, 380.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bolster 160: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13949 Merritt & Darling: Province of Benguet, MTilliams 1404 •' Province of Nueva Ecija, Merrill 392 : Province of Rizal, Cumer 15, Guerrero 21 : Province of Laguna, Hallier s\ n. : Manila, McGregor 67. Mindoro, Merrill 888. Negros, For. Bur. 13716 Curran, For. Bur. 11227 Everett. Panay, Yoder 19. Bohol, Bur. Sci. 1242 McGregor. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 310, s. n. : District of Davao, Williams 2712, DeVore & Hoover 105, Copeland 369.
Widely ‘distributed in the Philippines in open grass lands, especially at low and medium altitudes; India and Ceylon to southern China, Formosa, Malaya to northern Australia.
The earliest specific name, lagopodioides, is here retained, especially as Prain states, 1. c. 380, that there is now no longer any doubt as to the identity of Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn., with Uraria lagopoides (Burm.) DC. Curiously, Blanco seems to have overlooked this common species entirely.
53. LOU REA Neck.
Stems erect; leaflets 1, rarely 3, 4 to 6 times as broad as long.. 1. L. vespertilionis
Stems prostrate; leaflets 3, rarely 1, about as broad as long. 2. L. reniformis
1. Lourea vespertilionis (Linn, f.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1 (1813) 122, t. 5, fig. 18; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 323; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 154; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 178; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60.
Hedysarum vespertilionis Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 331; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 581, ed. 2 (1845) 407, ed. 3, 2: 382; Naves 1. c. pi. 201.
It is doubtful if this species should be admitted as Philippine, as Blanco states that he saw only cultivated specimens, and F.-Villar makes the same statement. I have seen no Philippine material either wild or cultivated. The species is widely distributed in the tropics of the world.
94
MERRILL.
2. Lourea reniformis (Lour.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 324.
Hedysarum reniforme Lour. El. Cochinch. (1790) 447, excl. syn. fide DC. • Hedysarum obcordatum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6 (1804) 425.
Lourea obcordata DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 324; Baker in Hook. f. El. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 154; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 60; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 178; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 20.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Loher 5119, For. Bur. 16221 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7890 Ramos: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 721/5 Ramos.
Burma to southern China, Formosa, the Malay Archipelago to New Guinea and northern Australia; not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
54. PHYLACIUM Benn.
1. Phylacium bracteosum Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1840) 159, t. 33; Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 231; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 228; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 423; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 108; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 129, 387; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 11/01/1 Merritt <_£ Darling: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 16222 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, Bur. Sci. 3513 Means, Elmer 6051: Province of Tarlac, Merrill 3631: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 158: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1331 : Province of Bataan, Merrill 1563, 3777, Bur. Sci. 1.893 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 2731/ Borden, Elmer 6701, Copeland 295: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 9655 Curran. Mindoro, Fori Bur. 11373, It '/l I Merritt, McGregor 136. Negros, For. Bur. 11225 Everett. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2080, Copeland 61,1/.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, in the thickets at low and medium alti- tudes; Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Amboina, the Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea.
Native names: Malasincamas (Bataan) ; papuraena (Rizal) ; taquilis (Ne- gros) .
55. LESPEDEZA Michx.
1. Lespedeza juncea Pers. var. sericea (Thunb.) Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 181; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) 104. Hedysarum sericeum Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 287.
Lespedeza sericea Miq. Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bat. 3 (1867) 49.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Loher 2336, Williams 11/20 : District of Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 5991 Ramos.
In the Philippines apparently confined to the high tableland of north central Luzon; northern India to China, Formosa, and Japan) also in Australia.
[To be continued .]
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Page.
MERRILL, E. D. An Enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with
Keys to the Genera and Species 1
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THE PHILIPPINE
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C. Botany
Vol. y
JULY, 1910
No. 2
AN ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE WITH KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES.
( Concluded. )
By E. D. Merrill.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.)
56. DALBERGI A Linn. f.
Pod thin and flattened except opposite the seeds, straight or nearly so,
Thin parts of the pod distinctly reticulate, submembranaceous or slightly coriaceous; leaflets small, mostly less than 7 mm wide.
Leaflets distinctly oblique at the base, trapezoid-oblong, 5 to 7 mm- wide.
.* 1. D. pi/nnata
Leaflets equal or subequal at the base, linear-oblong, less than 4 mm wide.
2. D. polyphylla
Thin parts of the pod not or very obscurely reticulate, firmly coriaceous; leaflets medium, mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide.
Scandent; the portion of the pod opposite the seeds sharply defined, swollen;
seeds orbicular ...... 3. D. ferruginea
An erect tree; the portion of the pod opposite the seeds usually not sharply defined, not or but slightly swollen; seeds oblong or ovate-oblong.
4. D. minahassae
Pod uniformly thickened throughout the valves, the upper suture curved or fal- cate, at least when ' young.
Scandent; pod flattened, the upper suture concave when ripe; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong; flowers in short, congested panicles.
5. D. candenatensis
An erect tree; pod turgid, the upper suture straight or nearly so when ripe; leaflets elliptic to elliptic-ovate, narrowed towards the apex; inflorescence
of rather lax, cymose panicles 6. D. cumingii
95495 95
96
MERRILL.
1. Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 101 (1904)
48.
Denis pinnata Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 432.
Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 233, pro parte; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 234; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 111; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 82; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 117, 70 2 (1901)
49, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10 1 (1904) 69, pi. J/8.
Endespermum scandens Blume Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 92, Flora 8 (1825) 132, non Dalbergia scandens Roxb.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 2529 Foxworthy : Province of Rizal, Merrill 1112, For. Bur. 453, 1169 Ahern’s -.collector, Bur. Bci. 1381 Ramos, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 159 Ahern’s collector. Mindoro, McGregor Wt4, For. Bur. 12004 Merritt. Palawan, Merrill 699. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 615.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, extending from .sea level to an altitude of at least 800 m; Himalayan region to Burma, southern China, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
V Var. badia var. nov.
A typo differt foliolis in sicco brnnneis, nitidis, supra glabris, coriaceis.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Pitogo, For. Bur. 9649 Curran, in thickets along the seashore.
At first sight this form appears to be quite distinct from the species, but the differences are apparently mainly in the color of the dried leaves, which are dark-brown, glabrous above, and strongly shining; the fruits are apparently identical with those of the typical form.
Derris pinnata Lour, has been reduced by various authors to Dalbergia tamarin- difolia Roxb., but the reduction was not accepted by Dr. Prain in his monograph of the Asiatic species of Dalbergia, because Loureiro described the leaflets as glabrous. At my request Mr. E. G. Baker has kindly looked up Loureiro’s type specimen, preserved in the herbarium of the British Museum, and has supplied me with sketches of the flower and a single leaflet. Mr. Baker writes as follows : “The leaflets are not glabrous as stated by Loureiro, but are strigose-pubescent beneath ; the lobes of the calyx are short and might almost be described as subequal ; the bracteoles are roundish and 2 mm long ; the al® are very similar to those figured by Colonel Prain, in his monograph, of D. tamarindifolia Roxb., and the keel is also subsimilar. It appears to me that without question it is very closely allied indeed, if not identical with D. tamarindifolia Roxb.”
After studying the material available here, with reference to Loureiro’s descrip- tion and the data supplied by Mr. Baker, I am convinced that Derris pinnata Lour, is specifically identical with Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxb., and the oldest specific name is hence adopted.
2. Dalbergia polyphylla Bentli. PI. Jungh. (1852) 256, pro parte, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 44, pro parte; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 132; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 112; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 70 2 (1901) 48, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10 1 (1904) 70, pi. 49.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Cuming 1164 in Herb. Kew. : Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2962 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n.
Endemic.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGU MINOS AE.
97
3. Dalbergia ferruginea Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 98, nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 228; Bentli. PI. Jungh. (1852) 256; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I 1 (1855) 133; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 70 2 (1901) 55, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10 1 (1904) 101, pi. 86 j Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 81; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 65.
Dalbergia luzonensis Yog. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1:33; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 133.
Dalbergia limonensis Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 256, sphalm.
Dalbergia stipulacea F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 40, fig. C, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 111, non Roxb.
Batanes Islands," Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 10131 McGregor, Bur. Sci. 3739 Fenix. Luzon, Province 'of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8038 Ramos : Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1380: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 7202 Curran: Province of Laguna, Elmer, Alberto: Province of Bataan, Whitford 90, Leiberg 6028, Williams 480, Merrill 2493: Province of Rizal, Merrill '2694, 1693, Guerrero 25, For. Bur. 2881 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2421, 2436, Bur. Sci. 2995 Mearns. Mindoro, Merrill 2205. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Ahern 632: District of Davao, Williams 2855.
Native names: Culic manoc (Pampanga); guipus-guipus (Surigao); mala- malungoyon (Bataan) ; balibagan (Panay), ex Vidal.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; Borneo to Buru, Cele- bes, New Guinea and the Caroline Islands.
4. Dalbergia minahassae Koord. Meded. s’ Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 430, 630; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10 1 (1904) 91, pi. 73.
Luzon, Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11189 Aguilar: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 408 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 959, 4633 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Bur. Sci. 1899 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 12951 Alvarez, For. Bur. 5773 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 985. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8822/ 8846, 971/6, 11445 Merritt. Native names: Balabagan, balaugan (Mindoro); malacagios (Rizal). Celebes.
I am not at all sure that all the specimens cited above are really referable to this species, or whether two or three very closely allied forms are represented. Most of the specimens are described by the collectors as trees, but one or two are indicated as scandent. I consider this to be the most probable identification of Amerimnon mimosella Blanco, the type of which came from Tala, a locality near the boundary between the Provinces of Bulacan and Rizal.
5. Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 70 2 (1901) 49, Bengal Plants (1903) 411.
Cassia candenatensis Dennst. Schl. zum Hort. Malabar. (1818) 32.
Dalbergia monosperma Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew Miscel. 2 (1850) 36; Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 256; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 337; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 112; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 82.
Dalbergia torta Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5873; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 120, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10 2 (1904) 64, pi. 1,2 Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 66.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Whitford s. n. : Province of Tayabas, Whitford 582. Mindoro, Merrill 1260. Negros, For. Bur . 7323 Everett. Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1116 McGregor.
India to southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to northern Australia, the Caroline Islands, and Polynesia.
98
MERRILL.
6. Dalbergia cumingiana Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 255; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 129; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 42, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1&86) 111; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 70 1 (1901) 63, Ann. Bat. Gard. Calcutta 10 - (1904) 34, pi. 7; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 81.
Dalbergia cumingii Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 32.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7790 Ramos, For. Bur. 18603 Elemme: Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1244 (eotype) : Province of Tayabas, Whitford 7 01, Gregory 94, For. Bur. 6687 Kobbe: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10771, 12254, 12255 Curran. Negros, For. Bur. 5617 Everett. Leyte, Elmer 7154. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Long s. n. : Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. A form from Balabac Island, Bur. Sci. 406 Mangubat, with lax panicles and more distinctly veined leaves may also be referable here.
Native names: Carvilan (Camarines); tahid-labuyo (Tayabas); cannac (Ca- gayan) .
Endemic.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Dalbergia mimosella ( Blanco ) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1 0 1 (1904) 42.
Amerimnon mimosella Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 563, ed. 2 (1845) 393, ed. 3, 2:357.
Dalbergia lanceolaria F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67, non Linn.
This species is known only from Blanco’s imperfect description, and I have suggested above that it is the same as Dalbergia minahassae Koord., although Blanco’s description is not entirely in accord with the characters of. that species. The material on which it was based came from Tala, near the boundary between the Provinces of Rizal and Bulacan, Luzon, and according to Blanco is there known as macapil. Careful collecting in that locality, with especial reference to the native name, may serve to determine the identity of the species, but until such material is secured I do not think that the species should seriously . be considered.
Dalbergia cassioides Wall.; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 457; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 82.
The Philippine record is based on a sterile specimen collected at Caldera, Mindanao, and is manifestly an erroneous identification. I have examined the specimen, which is preserved in the U. S. National Herbarium, and think it is probably a form of D. ferruginea Roxb. D. cassioides Wall, is a synonym of D. stipulacea Roxb., a species that is not known from the Philippines.
Dalbergia zollingeriana Miq. ( =D. parviflora Roxb. ) ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67. Not represented by any extant botanical material from the Philip- pines.
Dalbergia discolor Blume; F.-Vill. 1. c. A species at present known only from Borneo and Celebes; not represented by any extant Philippine material.
Dalbergia spinosa Roxb.; F.-Vill. 1. c. A species of India and Indo-China; not definitely known from the Philippines.'
Dalbergia volubilis Llanos in Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madr. 3 (1858) 502; F.-Vill. 1. c. 67, non Roxb. Unidentifiable.
Dalbergia lanceolaria Llanos 1. c.; F.-Vill. 1. c., non Linn. Unidentifiable ; probably a species of Derris.
According to strict rules of priority the name Dalbergia is untenable for this genus as several proposed ones are older. 0. Kuntze has adopted the generic appellation Amerimnon P'.’Br. (1756), and transferred to it all the species of Dalbergia known to him. Dalbergia Linn. f. (1781) is here retained in ac- cordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
99
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE,
57. PTEROCARPUS Linn.
Seed-bearing portion of the pod thickly beset with elongated slender spines.
1. P. echinatus
Pod without' spines, glabrous or pubescent.
Pods usually less than 5 cm in diameter.... 2. P. indicus
Pods 6 to 8 cm in diameter , 3. P. blancoi
1. Pterocarpus echinatus Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 277; Prain Stray Leaves from Indian Forests 10, with Ind. Forest. 26 (1900) ; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 20.
Echinodiscus echinatus Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 137.
Pterocarpus erinaceus F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Yidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. JfO, fig. B, non Poir.
Pterocarpus vidalianus Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 309; Vidal Eev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 112; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904)' 20.
Pterocarpus Iclemmei Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 198.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 4275, 5249, 7 086 Klemme, For. Bur. 17127 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13859 Merritt & Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5662 Klemme: Province of Bulaean, For. Bur. 7207 Curran: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 8053 Curran & Merritt: Province of.Tayabas, Merrill 1016, 2597, 2050, For. Bur. 10747 Curran, Bagger s. n. : Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 14334 Aguilar, For. Bur. 10633, 10729 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9895 Merritt.
Celebes, Selayer.
In spite of the apparent difference between the fruits of this and the next species, the two are so closely allied that I have been unable to find any constant characters by which ■ sterile or flowering specimens can be distinguished, and accordingly a number of flowering specimens -which doubtless belong in part to the present species, are cited below, although probably they for the greater part belong to the next, ' which is the more common and widely distributed one in the Philippines. The specimens cited above are all with fruit.
Two specimens in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science show some steps of intergradation between P. echinatus and P. i/ndicus; the first (For. Bur. 10425 Curran, Camarines Province, Luzon), presents the pods with numerous, very short spines, less than 1 mm long, on most of the pods, but with other pods with no traces of these short spines; the second (For. Bur. 7060 Klemme, Cagayan Province, Luzon) presents pods for most part entirely smooth, but 3 or 4 of the 15 on the specimen have each from two to five spines in all respects similar to those of P. echinatus.
Pterocarpus Iclemmei is here reduced to P. echinatus, as I am convinced that the type of the former is only a specimen of the latter species with very im- mature pods.
Flowering specimens, in part doubtless referable to the above species, but probably for the greater part belonging to the following one :
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16956, 17190 Curran, For. Bur. 11289 Klemme, For. Bur. 18488, 18521, Alvarez: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 370 Bath, Merrill 2592, 1984, 2044, For. Bur. 6067 Kobbe, For. Bur. 6629 Reyes, For. Bur. 10293 Curran . Mindoro, Merrill 2231, Whitford 1473, For. Bur. 3675, 6729 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 3840 Curran, For. Bur. 7 441 Manalo. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 391 Mangubat. Samar, For. Bur. 15063 Rosenbluth. Leyte, For. Bur. 12632 Rosenbluth. Mindanao, Province of Surigao; Bolster 234: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 288.
100
MERRILL.
In addition to the above material, there are about 40 additional sheets, consisting of leaf specimens only, in the herbarium of the Bureau, which are not cited here. This material comes from many different localities from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, and is apparently all referable to either. P. echinatus or to P. indicus.
2. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 904; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 135; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 238, in part; FNVill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 40, fig. A; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66" (1897) 123, Stray Leaves from Indian Forests 7, with Ind. Forest. 26 (1900).
Pterocarpus pallidus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 560, ed. 2 (1845) 391, ed. 3, 2:355; Naves 1. c. pi. 205.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 3976 Fenix: Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8315 Curran & Merritt: Manila, For. Bur. 19017 Curran (cult.) : Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10681 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10517 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9741, 4102, 8655, 5376 Merritt, Merrill 2580, Bur. Sci. 1543 Bermejos. Masbate, Merrill 2620, For. Bur. 1002 Clark, Whitford 1688. Ticao, For. Bur. 1019 1 Clark. Leyte, Elmer 7126. Negros, For. Bur. 12421 Danao. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9346 Whitford d Hutchinson: Province of Surigao, Bolster 328: Province of Misamis, Alga 1.
Tenasserim tee southern China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, New Guinea and the Caroline Islands.
As was the case with Pterocarpus echinatus Pers., only specimens with fruits have been here eited; most of the flowering specimens cited above probably belong with P. indicus.
This species and the above yield the valuable timber known in the Philip- pines as narra, which is very similar to the padouk Of India. The most usual native names are asana, naga, and narra, and are applied indiscriminately to all three species here recognized; other native names are: adias (Pangasinan) ; nala (Abra) ; tag a (Cagayan) ; balauning (Mindoro) ; daitanag, ex Blanco.
3. Pterocarpus blancoi Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 7.
Pterocarpus santalinus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 561, ed. 2 (1845) 392, ed.
3, 2:356; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67, non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5690: Province of Tarlac, Merrill 2881: Province of Nueva Eeija, For. Bur. 11054 Saroca: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 51203 Curran: Province of Rizal, Merrill 2809, Bur. Sci. 987 Ramos, Decades Philip. For. FI. no. 203 Ramos.
The same native names are applied to this as to the preceding species; in Pampanga it is known as apalit.
Endemic; apparently closely allied to P. papuanus F. Muell. of New Guinea.
Pterocarpus blancoi is perhaps not specifically distinct from P. indicus ; it is characterized by its much larger pods (6 to 8 cm in diameter), while P. indicus, at least the typical form, usually has pods 5 cm or less in diameter; some forms cited above under P. indicus have at least some pods 6 cm in diameter; as a rule the leaflets of P. blancoi are relatively narrower and more acuminate than are those of P. indicus, but these characters are not entirely constant.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Pterocarpus flavus Lour.: F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67.
Probably an erroneous identification, on the part of F.-Villar, for some form of Pterocarpus indicus. Loureiro’s species is not a Pterocarpus, but is Pongamia mitis (L.) Merr. [P. glabra Vent.).
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
101
58. PONG AM I A Vent.
1. Pongamia mitis (Linn.) comb. nov.
Robinia mitis Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1044.
Gytisus pinnatus Linn. 1. c. ed. 1 (1753) 741, saltern pro parte (excl. Pluk. pliyt. 104. f. 3).
Galedupa indica Lam. Encycl. 2 (1786) 594 (excl. syn. Gaju galedupa Rumpli.) .
Dalbergia arborea Willd. Sp. PL (1800) 901.
Pongamia glabra Vent. Jard. Malm. 1 (1803) t. 28; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 240; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 " (1897) 94, 456; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 1,1, fig. G, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. .(1886)- 113.
Galedupa maculata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 559, ed. 2 (1845) 390, ed. 3 2: 353; Naves 1. c. pi. 477.
Galedupa pinnata Taub. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 3 (1891) 344.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 187/57/ Alvarez: Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Merrill 1510, For. Bur. 5299 Curran: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10199 Curran, Merrill 1001, 2586, Whitford 77)5, 916: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10768 Curran, Ahern 46, 206. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9089 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 10762 McGregor. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 613 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 3773 Curran, Bur. Sci. 304 Bermejos. Ticao, For. Bur. 1038 Clark. Panay, Copeland s. n. Negros, For. Bur. 5614 Everett, For. Bur. 1241S Danao. Cebu, For. Bur. 6430 Espinosa. Tinago, Ahern 420. Dinagat, Ahern 496. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 12356 Hutchinson, For. Bur. 9200, 9151 Whitford & Hutchinson: District of Davao, DeVore A Hoover 236, Copeland 1327, Williams 2787 : Province of Surigao, Bolster 39S. Basilan, For. Bur. 3469 ■ Hutchinson.
There is some doubt as to the earliest specific name for this species. Robinia mitis Linn. (1763) was based in part on Gytisus pinnatus Linn., of the first edition of the “Species Plantarum,” but in his consideration of Robinia mitis, Linnaeus excluded the first reference, given in the first edition under Gytisus pinnatus, P’luk. phyt. 104. f. 3. I have been unable to cheek this reference to Plukenet, and consider it safer to adopt the second name proposed by Linnaeus. B. Daydon Jackson, Esq., secretary of the Linnean Society, has kindly examined the specimen in the Linnean herbarium labeled by Linnaeus Robinia mitis, and informs me that it an undoubted specimen of the plant usually named Pongamia glabra, consisting of a flowering branch in a young state, with a single detached pod.
The material cited above includes the typical form, with medium-sized leaflets and flowers, and also apparently the form described by Zollinger & Moritzi as Pongamia grandifolia, with larger leaflets and larger flowers. I find, as Prain has already noted, a great number of intergrading forms, and do not think that the latter can be distinguished by any constant character or set of characters. Among the numerous specimens cited above, Ahern 420 is apparently typical P. grandifolia Zoll. & Mor.
Var. xerocarpa (Hassk.) comb. nov.
Pongamia xerocarpa Hassk. Retz. ed nov. 208.
Pongamia glabra var. xerocarpa Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 - (1897) 95.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5695: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4966 Ramos: Province of P’ampanga, Merrill 1368: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2921: Province of Bataan, Ahern 776, For. Bur. 2044 Borden, For. Bur. 1424 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2036, For. Bur. 12803 Rosenbluth. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8645 Merritt.
102
MERRILL.
This variety differs from the typical form, as noted by Prain, in its more numerous (usually 7 to 9, rarely 5) leaflets, which are much smaller than in the type, mostly less than 3 cm. wide.
The species extends along the seashores of the Mascarene Islands to India, southern China, Malaya, to northern Australia, and Polynesia; the var. xerocarpa extends from Ceylon to Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula.
Native names: Balic -Italic (Manila, Tayabas) ; bayoc-bayoc (Dinagat, Tinago) ; baloc-baloc (Tayabas, Negros, Palawan) ; balot-balot (Camarines) ; maroc-baroc (Camarines, Ticao) ; balu-balu (Basilan) ; baoc-baoc (Cebu) ; bani (Tayabas, Bataan, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Zambales) ; baney (Cagayan).
The name bani seems to be more generally applied to the var. xerocarpa, which is apparently mostly found at a greater or less distance inland and away from the direct influence of salt water; the typical form is usually found close to the beach.
The generic name Pongamia Vent. (1803) is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. The earliest name is Pongam Adans. (1763), which was altered to Pungamia by Lamarck (1797), and to Pongamia by Ventenant (1803). .0. Kuntze has adopted the generic appellation Gajum, adapted from Gaju galedupa of Rumphius (1741), while Lamarck (1786), proposed the generic name Galedupa, also from Rumphius, and which has been adopted by Taubert in the “Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” The ease is fully discussed by Prain,50 with especial reference to the objections to the use of the generic name Galedupa.
59. DERR IS Lour.
, Standard not callose at the base.
Vexillary filament free throughout; flowers single, in ample thyrsoid panicles with nodes neither tumid nor produced into stalks ( § Aganope ) .
Pod winged only along the upper suture, and sinuate between the seeds;
corolla nearly 1.5 cm long 1. D. diadelpha
Pod winged down both sutures, not sinuate between the seeds; corolla 1 cm
long or less.. .A... 2. D. thyrsiflora
Vexillary filament united with the others, at least in the middle of the tube; flowers fascicled on tumid nodes that are sometimes produced into stalks. Pod winged along the upper suture.
Pod narrowly oblong to lanceolate, less than 1.5 cm wide, narrowed at both ends, many times longer than broad. (Unknown in D. polyantha) , ( § Beach ypterum) .
Leaflets distinctly retuse at the rather blunt apex, scarcely acuminate, up to 13 cm long; racemes very densely flowered, the rachis densely
pubescent 3. D. polyantha
Leaflets acute or acuminate, or if retuse then less than 7 cm long and distinctly acuminate.
Pods densely ferruginous-pubescent; an erect tree or shrub.
4. D. cumingii
Pods glabrous or nearly so; scandent shrubs.
Leaflets 3 to 7 cm long, the somewhat acuminate apex usually retuse.
5. D. scandens
Leaflets 10 to 13 cm long, rather distinctly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt ■- 6. D. philippinensis
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1907) 96, 456.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE,
103
Pod suborbieular or shortly and broadly oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, never more than' twice as long as wide, subtruneate at both ends ( § Euderris ) .
Leaflets 10 to 18 cm long, stipellate; pod slightly pubescent.
7. D. elegans
Leaflets rarely exceeding 10 or 12 cm in length, usually, shorter, exstipel-
late; pod glabrous. A littoral species 8. D. trifoliata
Pod distinctly winged along both sutures. (Unknown in D. inindorensis) ;
( § Dipteroderris ) .
Leaflets glabrous; pod broadly oblong, about 2 cm wide 9. D. micans
Leaflets somewhat ferruginous-pubescent—.. 10. D. mindor,ensis
Standard with two auriculate callosities at the base of the limb ( § Paraderris ) .
All parts of the plant glabrous 11. D. lianoides
Young branches, leaves, and inflorescence densely ferruginous-pubescent.
12. D. elliptica
1. Derris diadelpha (Blanco) comb. nov.
Pterocarpus diadelpbus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 563, ed. 2 (1845) 393, ed. 3, 2: 357.
Pongamia sinuata Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5911, nomen.
Derris sinuata Thwaites Enum. PI. Zeyl. (1859) 93; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 113; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 246; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 98; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 84; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 66.
Derris floribunda Naves in Blanco El. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 336, non Benth.
Derris thyrsiflora F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68, non Benth.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Merrill 2189, Hallier s. n., For. Bur. 7011/ Curran: Province of Bataan, Bur. Sci. 590 Mangubat, Merrill 2561, For. Bur. 12931 Alvarez, Whitford 1261: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 6758 Robinson, For. Bur. 476 Ahern’s collector, Guerrero 30, Merrill 1734, 3841, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 213: Manila, Alberto s. n. Mindoro, Merrill 948, For. Bur. 12229 Rosen- bluth. Negros, For. Bur. 5568 Everett, Whitford 1638. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Ahern 359.'
Native names: Balitos, baloc-baloc (Negros); tibalao, balanli, bagarilao, asin- asinanan (Rizal) ; dugo-rogo, rugo-rugo (Bataan) ; bala-y-lamoc (Zambales) ; silasilar, ex Blanco.
Blanco’s Pterocarpus diadelphus was referred by F.-Villar to Derris thyrsiflora Benth., a species that does not occur in the area from which Blanco secured his material. His description, although short, applies unmistakably to the species commonly known as Derris sinuata Thw., and diadelphus, being the earliest valid specific name is here adopted. The species is common in the region from which Blanco secured most of his material, and flowers from April to June.
Ceylon and India to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and Indo-China.
2. Derris thyrsiflora Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 249; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 100.
Millettia thyrsiflora Benth. PI. Jungh. (1851) 249.
Basilan, Hallier s.n.
The specimen is in fruit, and is probably referable here ; flowering specimens may lead to a different disposition of it.
Nicobar Islands, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java.
3. Derris polyan.tha Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 83.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1457 : Province of Rizal, Merrill 1692. For. Bur. 430, 2653 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 2188 Ramos, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 180 Ahern’s collector.
104
MERRILL.
Native names: Tugle (Rizal) ; malagogong-dapo (Pampanga).
This* is described as having the vexillary filament free, which would place the species in the § Aganope ; I have examined a number of flowers from both speci- mens cited in the original description, and find the vexillary filament more or less united with the others. In Rizal Province the bark of this vine is used to stupefy fish.
Endemic.
4. Derris cumingii Bentli. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 104; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 82.
Derris cumingiaha Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 113.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1208 (cotype) : Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 5133 Curran: Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 1922 Foxworthy : Prov- ince of Rizal, For. Bur. 7034, 7037 Curran, For. Bur. 1129, 1140, 2986 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 1867, 2824-
Native names: Malacaguios, malacadios (Bataan).
Endemic.
5. Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 103; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 240; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 41, fig. F; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 112.
Dalbergia scandens Roxb. PI. Coromandel 2 (1798) t. 192.
Dalbergia timoriensis DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 417.
Galedupa frutescens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 559, ed. 2 (1845) 391, ed. 3, 2:354; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 232.
Deguelia timoriensis Taub. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 3 (1891) 345.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 61f63, Williams 1053, Bur. Sci. 34-51 Mearns: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 4: Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 4807 Ramos: Province of Nueva Ecija, Cuming 1420: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 6112 Robinson & Merritt: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 3287 Ramos: Province of Cavite, Merrill 4185. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 1535 Bermejos, For. Bur. 6183 Merritt. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 891 Foxworthy. Burias, For. Bur. 1723 Clark. Tablas, McGregor 339. Samar, Cuming 1699. Negros, For. Bur. 13588 Meyer cC- Foxworthy. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2857.
Native names: Lapac (Burias) ; malasaga, ex Blanco.
India to southern China through Malaya to northern Australia.
6. Derris philippinensis sp. nov.
Derris multiflora var. ? longifolia Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 108; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, non D. longifolia Benth.
Derris multiflora Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 112; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 83; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 66, non Benth.
Derris multiflora var. ? longifolia Benth. was based on Cuming 1162, but Bentham states that the two specimens, Junghuhn, from Java, type of the species, and Cuming 1162, from the Philippines, type of the variety longifolia, were without fruit, and hence it was difficult to judge the affinities of the two speci- mens. Recently material has been collected in the Philippines, in fruit, that in all vegetative characters matches Cuming 1162, which shows that the var. longifolia belongs in the § Brachypterum, and must be closely allied to Derris scandens ; as the pods of D. multiflora are described, from Junghuhn’s notes, as “oblique rotundato,” it is evident that the Javan and Philippine plants must be very different. Accordingly the Philippine form is here treated as a distinct species.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE.
105
Scandent, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaflets 5 to 7, narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, base rounded or acute, the apex strongly subcaudate-aeuminate, the acumen blunt. Racemes shorter than or nearly equaling the leaves, axillary, rather slender, somewhat pubescent, many flowered. Flowers white, about 1 cm long. Pod thin, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, blunt, 4 to 8 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, very slightly falcate, the wing 1.5 to 2 mm wide.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1162, Bur. Sci. 1635 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Elmer 6111 : Province of Rizal, Merrill 5045: Province of Bataan, Topping 535, Williams 114: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1969.
Manifestly closely allied to Derris scandens (jRoxb.) Benth., differing especially in its less numerous, much larger leaves, and its pods not distinctly narrowed at both ends as in that species.
7. Derris elegans (Grah.) Benth. PI. Jungli. (1852) 252; Journ. Linn. Sac. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 109; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 252; King ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Bot. 66 2 (1897) 103.
Pongamia elegans Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 7540.
Culion, Merrill 666. Negros, For. Bur. 1249 Everett. Leyte, Elmer 1162. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Williams 2398: Lake Lanao, For. Bur. 3919 Hutchinson, Mrs. Clemens 434, 484, and several sheets without number.
The material here referred to Derris elegans seems to differ from the typical form of that species, as described, in being nearly glabrous, and having longer racemes. One specimen cited above, Merrill 666, was referred by Doctor Perkins to Derris uliginosa. Although D. elegans is manifestly allied to that species, it is very different in its leaves and inflorescence, and, as noted by Prain, can always be distinguished by its stipellate leaves.
Tenasserim, the Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra.
8. Derris trifoliata Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 433.
Robinia uliginosa Roxb. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1133.
Dalbergia heterophylla Willd. 1. c. 901.
Galedupa uliginosa Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 243.
Pongamia uliginosa DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 416.
Pterocarpus frutescens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 562, ed. 2 (1845) 392, ed. 3, 2: 356; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 159.
Derris uliginosa Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 252, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 107; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 241; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Vid. Rev. PI. Yasc. Filip. (1886) 113.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4001 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n.: Manila, Elmer 5503: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 6356 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 581, 591, 159: Province of Cama- rines, For. Bur. 12218, 12288 Curran. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6988 Robinson. Mindoro, For Bur. 5516 Merritt, Bur. Sci. 921 Mangubat. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 831 Foxworthy. Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1115 McGregor. Mindanao, District of Zam- boanga, Hallier s. n.: District of Cotabato, Mrs. Clemens 810: District of Davao, Williams 2146, Copeland 352. Basilan, For. Bur. 3913 Hutchinson. ‘
Native names: Mangasin (Tayabas) ; tuba-tuba (Basilan) ; sila-sila, ex Blanco: hingasin, him gasman ( Panay), ex F.-Villar.
A species confined to salt water or brackish swamps along the seashore
106
MERRILL.
and tidal rivers; common throughout the littoral districts in the Philippines. Eastern Africa through India to Formosa, Malaya, and Polynesia.
Dr. A. B. Rendle informs me that the type of Loureiro’s Derris trifoliata is not preserved in the British Museum; I consider the identity of this species and Derris uliginosa Roxb. to be unquestionable, and the earliest name is hence adopted. The next older name appears to be Dalhergia heterophylla Willd., and the type of this has been examined by Dr. H. Harms at my request, who reports- that it is quite the same as Derris uliginosa Roxb.
The genus Derris was based by Loureiro on two species, D. pinnata, and D. trifoliata; the former is a Dalhergia, and is identical with D. tamarindifolia Roxb. (see p. 96). Under the circumstances it would be illogical to consider the first species described as the type of the genus, thus making Dalbergia and Derris synonymous, and hence the second species, Derris trifoliata Lour., must be adopted as the generic type.
9. Derris micans Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 82.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Merrill 2284, Bur. Sci. 4584 Ramos, For. Bur. 2802 Ahern’s collector.
Endemic.
10. Derris mindorensis Perk. 1. c.
Mindobo, Merrill 953.
Endemic.
Whether or not Derris micans and D. mindorensis are distinct is doubtful. The type of the former is a fruiting specimen, nearly glabrous in all parts, and that of the latter is a flowering specimen, the under surface of the leaflets and the inflorescence somewhat pubescent. The vegetative characters are very similar in both, and flowering specimens from near the type locality of D. micans (For. Bur. 2892 Ahern’s collector), have pubescent leaflets and panicles as in D. mindorensis. A larger series of specimens will be necessary to determine the exact relationships between the two forms. A cotype of D. mindorensis has been determined by Mr. Rolfe at Kew as D. ferruginea Benth., aijd it may be the same as the specimen collected by Vidal and so reported by Ceron.51
11. Derris lianoides Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 228.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Elmer 77/7/3, 9339, For. Bur. 10159 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2681 Ahern’s collector. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 537 and several sheets without number: Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 1/77 5 M earns cC- Hutchinson.
This species belongs in the § Paraderris, and is apparently closely allied to D. montana Jungli., of Java, and to D. malaccensis Prain, of the Malay Peninsula. It differs from both in its smaller leaflets, and from the latter, at least, also in its narrower pods which are 5 to 8 cm long and 1.5 to 2 cm wide.
12. Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. Ill; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 243; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 106; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 66.
Galedupa elliptica Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 242.
Cylista piscatoria Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 589.
Galactia ? terminali flora Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 411, ed. 3, 2: 390.
Millettia splendens F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 59.
Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 66.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
107
Millettia piscatoria Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip..) 27 (1905) 411, 1. c. 29 (1905) 18.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Decades Philip. Forest FI. no. 176, as Millettia, For. Bur. 473, 1164 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 4570 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Whitford 60: Province of Laguna, Elmer: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 11108 Curran. Mindoro, McGregor 154, Merrill 4043 . Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 410: District of Davao, Williams 2788, 2909.
Native names: Tibanglan (Rizal) ; tubli, ex Blanco.
Chittagong and Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago.
There are apparently several other species of the genus represented in the materials before me, but most of the forms not classified are represented by flowering specimens only. As it is practically impossible in many cases definitely to determine, in the absence of fruit, whether the plant being dealt with is a Derris or a Millettia, I have refrained from describing any of these forms, with the hope that eventually additional material will be secured that will enable us satisfactorily to place the forms now represented only by flowering specimens.
The generic name Derris Lour. (1790) is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. 0. Kuntze has referred all the species to Pterocarpus, and Taubert has adopted the genus Deguelia Aubl. (1775). Two other earlier names are Balkan Adans., and Solori Adans. (1763), the latter two being synonyms of Derris, as shown by P'rain, and not referable to Dalbergia, where they have been -placed by most authors.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Derris discolor Benth. ; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892). 67. A species of doubtful status, from Sikkim and Silhet. The Philippine record is probably due to an erroneously identified plant; it was based on a specimen from Balabac Island, Vidal 2665.
Derris ferruginea Benth.; Ceron 1. c. 66. The Philippine record is based on Vidal 2576 from the Province of Isabela, Luzon, a specimen of which is in the Kew Herbarium; this specimen is very similar to D. mindorensis Perk., but is slightly more pubescent. Material collected in Mindanao, Bolster 356, 406, in- sufficient for accurate identification, may be the same as Vidal’s specimen. Whether or not the Philippine material is referable to D. ferruginea Benth., I am unable to determine at present. That species is supposed to extend from the eastern Himalayan region to Burma, See D. mindorensis Perk., above.
60. EUCHRESTA Benn.
1. Euchresta horsfieldii (Lescli.) Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1840) 148, t. 21; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) Suppl. 118; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 125'; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2. (1878) 248; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 68;_Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 67.
Andira horsfieldii Lesch, in Ann. Mus. Paris 16 (1810) 481, t. 12; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 476.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Mount Cayatang, Bur. Sci. 2159 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 2470 Foxworthy : Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 6484 Robinson: without definite locality, Vidal 2622, Loher 2336 (in Herb. Kew.) . Negros, Mount Canlaon, For. Bur. 13674 Curran.
Khasia Mountains and eastern India, Formosa, Luchu Archipelago, and Java.
108
MERRILL.
61. I NOCAR PUS Foist,
1. Inocarpus edulis Forst. Char. Gen. (1776) 66, t. 33; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 362; Oliver in Hook. Ic. IV 9 (1889) pi. 1837 ; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 21.
Bocoa edulis Baill. Adansonia 9 (1868-1870) 237.
Gajanus edulis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 189.
Jolo, Warburg 1 1)617, in herb. Berol. Palmas, Merrill 5336.
Malay Archipelago to Polynesia, frequently only cultivated, and only so found in the Philippines. Palmas Island, mentioned above, is really not a part of the Philippine group politically, although formerly so considered; it is a small island to the south-east of Mindanao, and belongs to the Dutch, being ruled as a depen- dency of Celebes.
Inocarpus edulis has been referred to Bocoa, the latter being the older generic name; De Dalla Torre & Harms, however, retain Inocarpus Forst., and Bocoa Aubl., as distinct genera.
62. PI SUM Linn.
1. Pisum sativum Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 727; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Luzon, Manila, Nieva 312.
The common pea, introduced from Europe and cultivated only, properly having no place in the Philippine flora; locally known by one of its Spanish names, chicharo.
63. ABRUS Linn.
Pod oblong, turgid, 2.5 to 5 cm long, 3- to 6-seeded; seeds red and black.
1. A. precatorius
Pod narrowly-oblong, thin, not turgid, 6 to 8 cm long, somewhat curved, 6- to l2-seeded; seeds black -2. A. laevigatus
1. Abrus precatorius Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12 (1767) 472; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 565, ed. 2 (1845) 394, ed. 3, 2: 361; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 156; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 159; Baker, in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 175; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
Glycine abrus Linn. Sp.- PI. (1753) 753.
Abrus abrus W. F. Wight in Contr. U. S. Nat, Herb. 9 (1905) 172.
Batanes Islands, Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 3729 Finite. Babuyanes Islands, Ca- miguin. Bur. Sci. 1/028 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11)821) Darling, For. Bur. 16510 Bacani, For. Bur. 1671)9 Curran: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. Sill Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 14673 Darling, Bur. Sci. 2299 Hearns: Province of Ilocos Sur, Bur. Sci. 10079, 10093 McGregor: Province of Union, Elmer 5672: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 3, Merrill 11)31): Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 101/3 Ilamos: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 5981 Curran, Merrill 1588, Whiiford s. n. : Province of Cavite, Baja 285: Province of Tayabas, Gregory 33, Merrill 1960. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6967 Robinson. Mindoro, Merrill 902. Ticao, For. Bur. 1059 Clark. Panay, Copeland s. n. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 308: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. Basilan, Hallier s. n.
Native names: Saga, saga-saga (Tayabas); saga-baguin (Polillo); cansasaga (Pampanga), casasaga (Bataan); bugayong (Ilocos, Union); lasa (Sabtan); other names, ex Blanco, sagamamin, bangati, gicos-gicos, agaiyangyiang , manga- dolong, caloo, matangpune, aroyangyang .
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
109
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; cosmopol- itan in the Tropics.
2. Abrus laevigatus E. Mey. Comm. 1 (1835-37) 126; Harv. FI. Cap. 2: 263.
Abrus pulchellus Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5819, nomen; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 175; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 84; Pr'ain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 - (1897) 35.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7281 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 11, 15 : Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bulacan, Yoder 1,8 : Prov- ince of Bataan, Copeland 293, For. Bur. 2068 Borden, Whitford 1031,, Williams 76.
India and Ceylon to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; also in tropical and southern Africa.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Abbus eruticulosus Wall.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62. A species of British India, probably credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar On erroneously identified material.
64. CLITORI A Linn.
1. Clitoria ternatea Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 753; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 233; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 590, ed. 2 (1845) 412, ed. 3, 2: 391; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 301 ; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 208.
Clitoria philippensis Perr. Mem. Linn. Soc. Paris 2 (1824) 111; C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 305.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 1671,3 Curran: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci, 7297 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 1901,5 Darling, Bur. Sci. 2223 M earns: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 11,075 Merritt & Darling : Province of Union, Elmer 5576 : Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1,81,8, 1,886, 1,951 Ramos, Merrill 2875: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 11,30: Province of Laguna, Williams 2057, 3071: Manila, Merrill 31,39, McGregor 1,6, Favila 51, Cuzner 11, : Province of Bataan, Merrill 1580. Lubang, Merrill 969. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 199, 200 Bermejos, For. Bur. 1,163, 1,192 Curran. Cebu, Broicn 5. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 1,1,9.
Widely distributed and abundant in the Philippines at low altitudes in thickets, etc. ; commonly cultivated. Both the blue and white-flowered forms re- presented in the material cited above; throughout the Tropics in gardens and as an escape.
65. CENTROSEMA Benth.
1. Centrosema plumieri (Turp.) Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. 2 (1838) 118; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 115.
Clitoria plumieri Turp. in Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 303; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 234; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 1,55.
Bradburya plumieri O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 164.
Cebu, Bur. Sci. 1735 McGregor, Hallier s. n.
A native of tropical America, introduced in the Philippines; it is not known whether the species is spontaneous or only cultivated in the Archipelago.
Bradburya Raf. (1817), and Vexillaria Hofl'mg. (1824), are both older than Centrosema, the latter name being first used by DeCandolle, in 1825, as a section of Clitoria. Centrosema is, however, here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
110
MERRILL.
66. DU M ASIA DC.
1. Dumasia villosa DC. M4m. Leg. (1825) 257, t. 1/1/, Prodr. 2 (1825) 241; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 183.
Rhynchosia ? henryi Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 196.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, Merrill 1/671 ; Mount Santo Tomas (Tonglon), Williams 11/12.
Himalayan region to southern China, Java, Madagascar, and Natal.
The Philippine specimens differ from Asiatic material in our herbarium (Henry 9238, Yunnan, China, and Meebold 531/3, Manipur, India) in some slight characters, being less villous, and with smaller leaflets. I can, however, detect no specific differentiating characters in the material before me.
67. SH UTERI A W. & A.
1. Shuteria vestita (Grab.) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 207; Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 232; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 181; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212; Yidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 109.
Glycine vestita Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5512.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 18388 Alvarez: Province of Benguet, Elmer €075, Topping 98, Bur. Sci. 2793 Mearns, Williams 1538, Merrill 1/797 ; For. Bur. 15939 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 5521 Ramos, For. Bur. 16221 Curran, Merritt, d Zschokke.
India and Ceylon to southern China.
The Philippine material matches Chinese specimens, so named, closely, but .is apparently somewhat different from Indian material. A critical examination of the Philippine and Chinese plants and comparison of the same with a large series of Indian specimens will be necessary to determine whether or not more than one species is represented.
68. GLYCINE Linn.
1. Glycine tomentosa Benth. FI. Austral. 2 (1864) 245; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 189; Yidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 109.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1238.
Southern China and Australia.
Glycine iiispida (Moench.) Maxim, is represented among our Philippine material by a single specimen from plants cultivated for experimental purposes ill Manila, Cuzner 1/9. This Asiatic species properly has no place in the Philippine flora, and is apparently not cultivated by the natives. The beans are imported from Amoy in considerable quantities by the Chinese in Manila.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.1
Glycine javanica Linn.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62.
I have seen no Philippine material representing this species; it extends from tropical Africa to India and Ceylon, and is also found in Java.
69. TERAMNUS Sw.
1. Teramnus labialis (Linn, f.) Spreng. Sys.t. 3 (1826) 235; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 184; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Vid! Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 84.
Glycine labialis Linn. f. Suppl. (1774) 325.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. 'Bur. 16655 Bacani: Province- of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 11/677 Darling, Bur. Sci. 2277 Mearns: Province of Union, Elmer 5586 :
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
Ill
Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4921 Ramos: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 44-' Province of Batangas, Mar me 165: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6026 Robinson: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1592, Williams 268: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 6521 Robinson, Merrill 5011, Bur. Sci. 2050 Ramos: Manila, Santiago 59. Cebtj, Barrow 15. Basilan, DeVore & Hoover 45.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; throughout the Tropics. The Philippine specimens appear to be nearer to the variety mollis (Benth.) Baker, than to the typical form ; all the specimens cited above, that are in fruit, have the pods appressed-strigose, while in the typical form they are described as glabrous.
70. ERYTHRINA Linn.
Pods turgid and seed bearing throughout their length, the basal portion not flattened.
Calyx spathaceous, oblique, not at all 2-lipped, splitting to the base down
the back § Stenotropis 1. E.indica
Calyx campanulate, subequally 2-lipped, not splitting to the base § Microp- teryx.
Leaflets ovate or rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, submembranaceous, pubescent beneath; pods slender, about 8 mm wide, with a long, very slender stipe,
the valves very thinly coriaceous 2. E. stipitata
Leaflets oblong to oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, sometimes slightly acuminate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous ; pods stout, about 1.5 cm wide, the stipe
stout, the valves very thickly coriaceous 3. E. fusca
Pods flat, seedless and indehiscent in their lower half § Hypapiiorus.
4. E. subumbrans
1. Erythrina indica Lam. Encycl. 2 (1785) 391; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 412; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 207; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Hid. 2 (1876) 188; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906)
Suppl. 66.
Erythrina corallodendrum orientalis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 706.
Erythrina picta Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 993 p. p., quoad syn. Gelala alba Rumph.
Erythrina orientalis Murr. in Comm. Gotting. 8 (1787) 35, pi. 1.
Erythrina lithosperma Blume Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 92; Hassle. PL Jav. Bar. (1848) 381, non Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 209.
Erythrina carnea Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 564, ed. 2 (1845) 393, ed. 3, 2: 359 ; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 211, non Dryand.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11131 Curran: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14539 Darling: Province of Union, Elmer 5588: Manila, Decades Philip. Forest FI. No. 211 Merrill: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1266, 1214 Borden, For. Bur. 2235 Meyer, For. Bur. 5935 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 684, Merrill 1904, 2039: Province of Camarines, Ahern 30. Mindoro, For Bur. 8110, 9695 Merritt. Palawan, For. Bur. 3551 Curran. Panay , For. Bur. 115 Gammill, Copeland s. n. Mindanao, District of Davao, Ahern 615 ; Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 205.
Quite universally known in the Philippines as dap-dap ; in Abra as dab-dub; in Cagayan as voc-voc and bag-bac.
Common throughout the Philippines, especially along the seashore; frequently planted inland. India to southern China, Malaya, and Polynesia.
Erythrina indica Lam., includes, in part, E. picta Linn., the latter being much the earlier name. Erythrina picta Linn, was based in part on botanical material in Linnaeus’ hands, and in part on Gelala alba Humph. Herb. Amboin. 2 : 234, 95495 -2
112
MERRILL.
t. 77, but the description does not apply to the plant figured and described by Rumphius. It seems reasonable to consider that the specimen in the Linnean Herbarium represents the type of the species, and that he erred in referring to it Rumphius’s Gelala alba; what the specimen in the Linnean Herbarium really represents can only be determined by an examination of the material. Specimens closely matching Rumphius’ figure of Gelala alba are represented by For. Bur. 355 7 Curran from Palawan, but in all respects other than the mottled leaves this specimen is typical Erythrina indica Lam. Baker 52 states “E. picta Linn. (Rumph. Amboin. t. 77) appears to be a mere form of this [E. indica Lam.], with variegated leaves.”
2. Erythrina stipitata sp. nov. § Micropteryx.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta; ramulis vix aculeatis ; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis junioribus ovatis vel rhomboideis, acuminatis, submembranaceis, subtus pallidis, puberulis; racemis simplicibus, circiter 15 cm longis; floribus 3 cm longis; leguminibus 5 ad 9 cm longis, circiter 8 mm latis, subcylindraceis, vix torulosis, longissime tenuiter stipitatis, valvis tenue coriaceis, reticulatis.
A tree about 10 m high. Trunk with rather thin, yellowish bark, and with very large, scattered, subpyramidal spines which are from 1 to 1.5 cm high, and nearly as thick at the base, minutely apiculate. Branches glabrous, unarmed, the ultimate branchlets stout, often slightly puber- ulent. Leaves trifoliolate, all parts, when very young, densely puber- ulent; leaflets pale beneath, pubescent, the terminal one rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, the lateral ones ovate, up to 5 cm long (probably considerably larger when mature). Flowers crimson, about 3 cm long, in many flowered racemes about 15 cm long, their pedicels about 5 mm long, solitary or two at a node. Calyx broadly campanulate, distinctty 2-lobed, about 6 mm long. Yexillum 3 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, about equally narrowed at both ends, scarcely clawed. Pod subcylindric, long-apiculate, 5 to 9 cm long, about 8 mm wide, glabrous or nearly so, dehiscent along the ventral suture, the pedicels slightly elongated, the calyx persistent; stipe very slender, 1.5 to 2 cm long, about 1 mm thick; valves very thinly coriaceous, obscurely reticulate; seeds few, three or four, brown when nearly mature, about 7 mm long, and half as thick.
Luisang Island, near the town of Lubang, in open lands at sea level, with flowers and nearly mature fruits April 7, 1903, Merrill 958. Deciduous, with only immature leaves a,t this date.
This species is allied to Erythrina suberosa Roxb. of British India, but ap- parently most closely related to E. microcarpa Koord. & Val. of Java; from the latter it differs especially in its unarmed branches and branchlets, differently shaped seeds, and in its differently disposed flowers which in E. microcarpa are in racemosely disposed cymules, and in E. stipitata are in simple raceme?.
52 Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 189.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
113
3. Erythrina fusca Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 427; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 208.
Erythrina ovalifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 53, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 254; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 189; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 85; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 72.
Erythrina picta Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 565, non Linn.
Erythrina caffra Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 394, ed. 3, 2:360; Naves 1. c. pi. 326, non Thunb.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2311 Mearns: Province of Panga- sinan, For. Bur. 3655 Saroca: Manila, Marave 153, Merrill Decades Philip. Forest. FI. No. 27 8: Province of Bataan, Williams 357, For. Bur. 6529 Curran. Min- danao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 201f.
Native names : Dapdap (Bataan); telbang (Pangasinan) ; anii ( Ilocos Norte ) . Along streams in open lands at low altitudes; Assam and Bengal to Indo- China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
The reduction of Erythrina ovalifolia Roxb. to E. fu.sca Lour., the latter much the earlier, has not previously been suggested by any author known to me; I fail to find any constant characters for distinguishing the two.
4. Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) comb. nov.
Hypaphorus subumbrans Hassk. Retzia ed. nov. 198, fide Koord. & Yah, Hort. Bogor. Descr. (1858) 197.
Erythrina secundiflora Hassk. PI. Jav. Rar. (1848) 378, non Brotero. Erythrina lithosperma Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 209; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 190; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 345 ; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 41, fig. A, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 108, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 85; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 73; Koord & Valet. Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 14 (1895) 64, non Blume.
Erythrina sumatrana Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860-61) 304.
Erythrina hypaphorus Boerl. in Teysmannia 5 : 20, fide Koord. & Valeton. Luzon, Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14570 Darling: Province of Benguet, Elmer 8666: Manila, For. Bur. 12470 Curran: Province of Cavite, For. Bur. 7693 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 100 Ilf Curran: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1950. Mindoro, Whitford 1386. Leyte, Elmer 7 132. Mindanao, District of Cotabato, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Native names: Dapdap (Manila, Cavite, Tayabas, Mindoro) ; sablang (Abra). Indo-Ghina to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
What I consider to be the oldest valid name is here adopted for this species. It is the species usually known as Erythrina lithosperma Blume, but the original E. lithosperma Blume Cat. (1823) 92, nomen nudum, and later very fully described by Hasskarl 53 is Erythrina indica Lam., as noted by Koorders & Vale- ton,54 while the Erythrina lithosperma Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 209, is not at all Blume’s species but is the form here considered as E. subumbrans. Prain 55 proposes to retain the species under the name of E. lithosperma, but with Miquel as its author instead of Blume, but to avoid confusion I consider it advisable to abandon the name altogether. Both the spiny form (var. armata Miq., and the spineless one (var. inermis Miq.) are represented in the material cited above.
03 PI. Jav. Rar. (1848) 381.
“Meded. ’s Lands Plantent. 14 (1895) 58, 64.
55 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 73.
114
MERRILL.
71. STRONGYLODON Vog.
Racemes very long, pendent, exceeding 1 m in length 1. 8. macrobotrys
Racemes less than 40 cm in length, scarcely pendulous.
Ovary densely pubescent.
Flowers 3 cm long or somewhat less 2. 8. elmeri
Flowers 4 to 5 cm long 3. S. zschokkei
Ovary glabrous.
Flowers red 4. 8. lucidus
Flowers green (color unknown in S. crassifolius) .
Nodes of the inflorescence produced into 1 to 2 cm long branchlets.
5. 8. caeruleus
Nodes of the inflorescence only very slightly produced.
Ovules 1 or 2 6. 8. crassifolius.
Ovules 5 7. S. pulcher
1. Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 448, t. 49; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 66, 3 (1908) Bot. 81.
Strongylodon loarburgii Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 85?
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Wilkes Expedition (type in U. S. National Herbarium), Merrill 5114, March, 1906; Paete-Piapi, For. Bur. 9565 Currcun, March, 1908 : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 6235, 6524 Curran, Williams 633, Whitford 67, 160, For. Bur. 2808 Meyer , Copeland s. n.: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 4070, Elmer 9336. Mindoro, McGregor 190, For. Bur. 12015 Merritt.
Native names: Tayabac, bayo-u (Bataan); buracan (Mindoro).
Known only from Luzon and Mindoro, and a most striking species, growing usually in humid forests, ravines, etc., extending from slightly above sea level (Laguna, Mindoro), to an altitude of 1,000 m (Mount Mariveles, Bataan). The long, pendent, many-flowered racemes exceed 1 m in length, and the flowers are variously described as greenish-blue, nile-green, green, and verdigris; they are a very peculiar pallid greenish or bluish-green shade difficult to describe. Dried flowers appear as though they were tinged with purple, although in reality there is no trace of purple in the fresh flowers. The original description calls for reddish or purplish flowers, but as indicated' by Gray, there were no' notes with the specimen, and the color was probably estimated from the dried specimens. Fully grown flowers vary from 4 to 5 or 6 cm in length, or, if the keel be straight- ened out, sometimes 7 cm long. Doctor Perkins has described the flowers of 8. loarburgii as 8.5 cm long, but 1 have seen none as large as this, and the measure- ment may be due to a typographical error. I can not otherwise distinguish the latter species from 8. macrobotrys. I have examined the type of S', macrobotrys, but not that of 8. warburgii.
2. Strongylodon elmeri Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 20.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6260, 8984-' Province of Cagayan, For. Bur.
16676 Bacani.
Endemic.
3. Strongylodon zschokkei Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 297.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 8540 (cotype) .
Apparently very closely allied to the preceding, and perhaps not specifically distinct; my material of 8. zschokkei is so poor that it is difficult to determine the exact differences between it an 8. elmeri. The flowers are described as having
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
115
a banner 4 cm long, and the. style 5 cm long, but none of the flowers on the specimen before me, which are apparently immature, exceed 3 cm in length.
• Endemic.
4. Strongylodon lucidus (Forst.) Seem. FI. Vit. (1865-68) 61; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 424.
Glycine lucida Forst. Prodr. (1786) 51.
Rhynchosia lucida DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 387.
Strongylodon ruber Yog. in Linnaea 10 (1836) 585; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 446, t. J/.8; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 191; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 69.
Balut Island, Merrill 5411.
Ceylon, Andaman Islands, New Guinea to the Fiji Islands and Hawaii.
5. S. caeruleus Merr. in Govt.- Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 20.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6097, 8908; possibly also represented by Topping 58, and Elmer 6438 from the same Province, and by Bur. Sci. 330Jf Ramos, from Rizal Province, Luzon.
Endemic.
6.. Strongylodon crassifolius Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 85.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mariveles, ( Warburg 12899 ) .
A species known to me only by description. The types of this, and of S. war- burgii, are in the Berlin Herbarium, but at the time of my visit there in January, 1908, neither had been distributed into the herbarium, and were hence un- available for study. Described as having long, circinnate tendrils, a character otherwise unknown in the genus.
Endemic.
7. Strongylodon pulcher C. B. Robinson in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 184.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Williams 2362: Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 415, s. n.
Endemic.
72. MUCUNA Adans.
Perennials ; pods flat or cylindrie, winged on both sides, the seeds large, flattened or globose, with a hilum extending round the greater part of their periphery ( Subgen. Zoopthalmum) .
Pods with plaits across their faces (§ Citta).
Pod 5 to 7 cm wide, with numerous, very irritating, brown hairs; flowers
dark-purple : 1. M. nigricans
Pod 3 cm wide, with few and scarcely stinging hairs; flowers nearly white.
2. M. curranii
Pods without plaits across their faces ( § Caepopogon ) .
Pods flat, broad, glabrous, or with long stinging hairs.
Pods about 20 cm long, less than 1 cm thick, glabrous, distinctly reticulate,
terminated by a slender 1 to 2 cm long acumen 3. M. mindorensis
Pods less than 15 cm long, rusty-hispid with stinging hairs, 1 to 1.5 cm thick, not reticulate, the tip rounded or obtuse, sometimes with a
very short apiculus 4. M. gigantea
Pods cylindrie, densely pubescent with very short, gray, nonirritating hairs.
5. M. longipedunculata
116
MERRILL.
Annuals or perennials, with turgid, somewhat hooked pods, not winged; seeds small, oval, with a small lateral hilum (Subgen. Stizolobiu ji ) .
Pods* densely covered with brown, stiff, very irritating hairs.
Leaves densely gray-tomentose beneath, the leaflets mostly broader than long,
the terminal one usually retuse, chartaceous 6. M. sericophylla
Leaves slightly pubescent beneath, the leaflets longer than broad, acute or
acuminate, membranaceous 7. M. pruriens
Pods finely and softly gray-pubescent, the hairs not at all irritating, longi- tudinally ridged in the median portion 8. M.nivea
Pods densely and softly purplish-velvety, not or very obscurely longitudinally
ridged JMBH® 9. if. deeringiana
Pods unknown; racemes about 13 cm long, and with the calyx yellow-tomentose with short hairs, and with interspersed longer ones; young shoots, petioles, and under surface of the leaflets ferruginous-tomentose; flowers 5.5 to 6.5 cm. long ,.... 10. M. aurea
1. Mucuna nigricans (Lour.) Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 2 (1841) 163.
Citta nigricans Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 456.
Carpopogon imbricatum Roxb. Plort. Beng. (1814) 54, nomen.
Mucuna imbricata DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 406; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 185; Prain in Journ. As. Sac. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 65; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67.
Negretia urens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 586, ed. 2 (1845) 409, ed. 3, 2: 387. Mucuna monosperma F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63, non DC.
Stizolobium imbricatum O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. (1891)' 208.
Zoopthalmum nigricans Prain 1. c. as syn.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bolster 126: Province of Zambales, Eallier s. n.: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 3914: Province of Bataan, Bur. Sci. 1885 Fox- voorthy, Whitford 1028, Merrill 3783, Williams 231: Province of Tayabas, Cuming 688. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6969 Robinson. Mindoro, For. Bur. 11455 Merritt. Leyte, Elmer 7 138. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 314: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9093 Whitford: District of Davao, Copeland 944-
Native names: Duglo (Bataan); baluctot (Polillo); alilipai (Zamboanga); buquitquit, lipai, ex Blanco.
Himalayan region to Indo-China and the Andaman Islands; probably also in the Malay Archipelago. Closely allied species are M. junghuhniana (O. Kuntze) Prain, of Java, and M. cyanosperma Iv. Sch. from the Moluccas.
2. Mucuna curran ii Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 230.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 844%, Williams 1-4% 4, Merrill 4818, For. Bur. 5111 Curran, locally known to the Igorots as dungan.
Endemic.
3. Mucuna mindorensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 231. M.ucuna acuminata Merr. 1. c. 1 (1906) Suppl. 196, non Grah.
Mindoro, McGregor 322, 220, For. Bur. 6861 Merritt, Merrill 4069. It is probably also represented by For. Bur. 10289 Curran, from Tayabas Province, Luzon, and For. Bur. 2955 .Ahern’s collector, from Rizal Province, Luzon, both without fruits.
Endemic.
4. M.ucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 405; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 186 ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 86.
Dolichos giganteus Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1041.
Carpopogon giganteum Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54.
Stizolobium giganteum Spreng. Syst. 4 (1827) Cur. Post. 281.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE. 117
Zoopthalmum giganteum Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 6 6 2 (1897) 68, as syn.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16704 Bacani: Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1087: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 5976, 6381 Curran. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6868, 9260 Robinson. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2698, Cope- land 622: Province of Surigao, Merrill 5438.
Always found near the seashore; India, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, to Polynesia.
5. Mucuna longipedunculata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 18.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 8949a, 6233. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 394.
The last specimen cited has mature pods which are cylindric, 16 cm long and 3.5 cm in diameter.
Endemic.
6. Mucuna sericophylla Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 86.
Mucuna luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 196.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, . Warburg 12438 (type, in herb. Berol.) : District
of Lepanto, Bur. Sci. 7046 Ramos: Province of Union, Elmer 5599 (type of M. luzoniensis ) : Province of Benguet, Williams 1423, Elmer 8910: Province of Pan- gasinan, Cuming 954 (in herb. Kew. ) : Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5870 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 6194 6195 Merritt. Leyte, Elmer 7247. Min- danao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 355, 882.
The types of Mucuna sericophylla and M. luzoniensis are not identical, but additional material shows a number of intergrades, and I am now of the opinion that the species can not be distinguished from one another. The species shows some variation, but in all essential characters appears to be constant; the leaflets are not all emarginate, but frequently are blunt or acute, or even shortly apiculate- acuminate. It is manifestly allied to M. pruriens.
Endemic.
7. Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 405; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Did. 2 (1876) 187; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 68; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63: Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 86.
Dolichos pruriens Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1859) 1162.
Stizolobium pruriens Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 299.
Carpopogon pruriens Boxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54.
Negretia pruriens Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 411, ed. 3, 2: 389: Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 331.
Mucuna atropurpurea F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63, non DC.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6020 Robinson: Province of Bizal, Merrill s. n. : Manila, from cultivated plants, seeds from Rizal Province, Merrill 6348, s. n., Shaw 219. '
Native names: Nipai, lipai (Bataan, Laguna).
In various forms throughout the Tropics; the above form India to Malaya.
8. Mucuna nivea (Roxb.) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 255; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 188; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Piper & Tracy in U. S. Dept. Agr. Bureau Plant Industry Bull. 179 (1910) 15, pi. 4, fig- J.
Carpopogon niveum Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 285.
Negretia mitis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 588, ed. 2 (1845) 410, ed. 3, 2:388; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 405, non Ruiz & Pav.
Mucuna lyonii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 197.
118
MERRILL.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 18596 Alvarez: Manila, from cultivated plants, seeds from Pampanga Province, Lyon s. n.
Native name: Sabual (Pampanga).
Messrs. Piper and Tracy have recently studied the various cultivated forms of Mucuna, under the title “The Florida Velvet Bean and Related Plants” 1. e., and have come to the conclusion that the Philippine Mucuna lyonii Merr., is identical with the Indian M. niveum W. & A., or as they prefer to call it, Stizolobium niveum (Roxb.) 0. Ktze. They are undoubtedly correct in the above conclusion, but I can not concur with them in the opinion that “Mucuna nivea DC.” which is a nomen nudum, based on Carpopogon niveum Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, nomen nudum, is a species distinct from Mucuna nivea W. & A. Under present rules DeCandolle’s name, not being properly “published” has no standing. The chief character by which Messrs. Piper & Tracy attempt to separate “Mucuna nivea DC.,” from M. nivea W. & A., is that the legumes, when ripe, are entirely free from pubescence, a character expressly stated by Roxburgh in the original description of his Carpopogon niveum, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 285, on which M.ucuna nivea W. & A. was based.
India; cultivated in other warm countries.
9. Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) comb. nov.
Stizolobium deeringianum Bort U. S. Dept. Agr. Bureau Plant Ind. Bull. 141 (1909) 31, pi. 2, 8.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Merrill s. n. : Province of Bataan, Lamao, For. Bur. 1817 Borden.
The origin of the above species is unknown, and its status is- not definitely known. The two Philippine specimens were undoubtedly raised from American seeds, the first from seeds distributed by the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture, while the second appeared in nursery beds at Lamao. For a history of the form see Bort, Katherine Stephens, “The Florida Velvet Bean and its History.” It is possible that the species is only a cultural form of Mucuna nivea, M. velutina, or some other species.
10. Mucuna aurea C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 183.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 1292.
Endemic.
This last species can not be placed in its proper section until fruits are secured; it is well characterized among the Philippine species by its ferruginous- tomentose indumentum.
The generic name Mucuna Adans. (1763) has been retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress. Older names are Stisolobium and Zoopthalmum, both of P. Browne (1756), and both of these have been taken up by various later authors. The whole subject has been well discussed by Prain,57 who treats both P. Browne’s names as sub- genera of Mucuna, but expresses the opinion that both ZoopthalmiCm and Stizolo- bium will probably at an early date be again considered generically distinct. ■
EXCLUDED SrECIES.
Mucuna capitata W. & A.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63.
I have seen no Philippine material that I consider referable to this species ; probably credited to the Philippines on an erroneous identification.
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Plant Industry, Bull. 141s (1909) 25-32. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 404-407.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE..
119
73. SPATHOLOBUS Hassk.
1. Spatholobus gyrocarpus (Wall.) Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 238; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 204; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 204; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 63; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 110; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 87; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 = (1897) 76.
Butea gyrocarpa Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5442.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Merrill 2685, Bur. Sci. 3268 Ramos, For. Bur. 46 4> 111$, 2951 Ahern’s collector: Province of Albay, Cuming 945.
Native name: Ipal, ipales (Rizal).
Penang and Perak.
A possible second species of the genus is represented by Merrill If002 from Atimonan, Tayabas Province, Luzon, but the fruits are dehiscent throughout their length, and contain four seeds; they are very similar to those of Erythrina subum brans. As there is some chance that this number represents a mixture .of material, the pods having been picked up from the ground, I do not consider it advisable to describe it at the present time.
74. GALACTIA P. Br.
1. Galactia tenuiflora (Klein) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 206; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 192.
Glycine tenuiflora Klein ex Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1059; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 241.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Kias, Elmer 6613 (det. Prain) : Province of Rizal, San Pedro Macati, Shaw 388.
India to Ceylon, Siam, tropical Africa, Malaya, and Australia; not previously reported from the Philippines.
75. DIOCLEA H. B. K.
Pods very densely and softly villous with long, spreading, persistent, ferrugi- nous hairs 1. D. umbrina
Pods slightly pubescent with short, appressed hairs, ultimately subglabrescent.
2. D. reflexa
1. Dioclea umbrina Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 224.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 8922: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1621. Leyte, Elmer 8922.
A species well characterized by its very densely ferruginous-villous pods. The flowers are as yet unknown, and it is possible that the species does not belong to the genus.
Endemic.
2. Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. Niger Flora (1849) 306; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 196; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 110; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 59, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 9 1 (1901) 30, pi. 40; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 87.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Cuming 521 : Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3333 Ahern’s collector. Mindoro, Merrill 4033, McGregor 22 7, For. Bur. 6816 Merritt. Widely distributed in the Tropics of the world.
120
MERRILL.
76. LUZON I A Elmer.
1. Luzonia purpurea Elmer Leall. Philip.- Bot. 1 (1907) 220.
Dioclea sp. ? Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9013, May, 1907: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, For. Bur. 3050 Borden, May, 1905.
This endemic, monotypic genus is undoubtedly closely allied to Ganavalia, and even more closely to Dioclea, to the latter genus especially by its staminal characters, the fertile anthers being reduced to six. It seems; however, to be distinguished from Dioclea, as well as from Ganavalia, by its calyx characters. The probability of the plant representing a new genus was suggested to me by Doctor Prain in January, 1906, to whom a duplicate of Borden’s specimen had been sent for identification. Regarding this specimen, Doctor Prain wrote as follows : “I do not agree with you in thinking that it is a Dioclea. The leaf is wonderfully suggestive of Ganavalia, but I should not be surprised, when fruit is found, that you have near a new genus. It should be in the neighborhood of Dioclea and Ganavalia.” The fruit is as yet unknown.
77. MACROPSYCHANTHUS Harms.
Leaves nearly glabrous; pod rather flat, about 18 cm long 1. M. mindanaensis
Leaves rather strongly ferruginous-pubescent; pod turgid, mostly 10 to 15 cm long 2. M. ferruginous
1. Macropsychanthus mindanaensis sp. nov.
Frutei scandens, glabra vel subglabra ; foliis trifoliolatis, f oliolis ovato- elliptieis, subglabris, yalde aeiuninatis; stipulis basi productis; racemis elongatis, multifloris ; floribus albido-purpureis, circiter 3 cm longis, vexillis basi auriculatis ; staminibus omnibus fertilibus; leguminibus 18 cm longis, 5 cm latis, pubescentibns.
A woody vine reaching a height of 10 m, nearly glabrous. Stems grayish, glabrous, terete, lentieellate, the shoots also glabrous. Petioles 12 to 15 cm long, slightly hairy or ultimately glabrous, each subtended by a pair of pubescent stipules which are attached by their central part, the lower part produced at nearly right angles from the upper, both free parts less than 5 mm long. Leaflets ovate-elliptic, chartaceons, some- what shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, glabrous, or the lower surface with a few scattered hairs especially on the midrib and nerves, 10 to 15 cm long, 6 to 10 cm wide, base rounded or acute, the apex abruptly and rather slenderly acuminate ; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent ; petiolules pubescent, 5 to 8 mm long ; stipels acicular, pubescent, nearly as long as the petiolules. Racemes up to 40 cm in length, glabrous below, above, at least when young, ferruginous- pubescent, flower-bearing in the upper half, the nodes produced as club- shaped branchlets which become stout and woody in fruit and nearly 1 cm long, each bearing several flowers, and each subtended by a linear- lanceolate, deciduous, acuminate, 5 mm long, pubescent bract. Flowers about 3 cm long, pale-purple. Calyx 1.5 cm long, pubescent externally, villous within, the lower three teeth oblong-ovate, 8 mm long, 4 mm wide, blunt, the upper two connate into a 5 mm long and 7 mm wide lobe
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
121
which is retuse at the apex. Petals all clawed, and about, equal in length ; standard with a 7 mm long claw, the lamina orbicular, retuse, 2.5 cm wide, with two auricular callosities, at the base. Stamens all fertile, the vexillary filament free at the base, united above with the others. Ovary densely villous. Pods (immature) about 18 cm long, 5 cm wide, rather flat, not much thickened on the dorsal suture, ferruginous-pubescent, the apex acuminate. Seeds 3 to 5.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 330, with flowers and immature fruits, April, May, 1906, in forests along streams at an altitude of about 60 m.
Of the two species here described, the above approaches closest to the type of the genus, Uacropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms, of New Guinea. It is, however, quite distinct from that species.
2. Macropsychanthus ferrugineus sp. nov.
Prutex scandens, ramulis foliis inflorescentiisque ferrugineo-pubescen- tibus; foliolis ovatis vel elliptieo-ovatis, acuminatis, stipitellatis ; stipulis basi productis; fioribus 2.5 cm longis; staminibus omnibus fertilibus; leguminibus usque ad 18 cm longis, 7 cm latis; seminibus 2.5 cm diametro, hilo lineari semicinctis.
A scandent woody vine reaching a height of at least 10 m, the stems grayish-brown, terete, lenticellate, glabrous, the younger parts rather strongly ferruginous-villous as are the petioles and leaflets. Leaves very similar to those of Philippine Dioclea reftexa; .petiole about 15 cm long, subtended by a pair of 1 to 1.5 cm long stipules attached by their median portions, and about equally long above and below the point of attachment; leaflets ovate to elliptic-ovate, subcoriaceous, 10 to 20 cm long, 5 to 13 cm wide, ferruginous-villous on both surfaces; nerves 11 to 13 on each side of the midrib; petiolules about 5 mm long; stipels acicular, villous, about as long as the petiolules. Eacemes 30 to 40 cm long, ferruginous-pubescent, flower-bearing in the upper half, the nodes produced as short, club-shaped branehlets, each bearing several flowers, each node subtended by a lanceolate, deciduous, ferruginous, bract about 7 mm long. Flowers 2.5 cm long, pink. Calyx 1.5 cm long, ferruginous- pubescent outside, somewhat villous within, the lower three teeth oblong- ovate, about 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, the upper two connate into a 6 mm long and wide lobe, cleft about one-third its length into divergent teeth. Petals all clawed ; standard 2.5 cm long, the claw stout, about 7 mm. long, the lamina orbicular, 2 cm wide, retuse, not auricled at the base but with a thickened swelling; wings equalling ■ the standard, about 8 mm wide, decurrent-acuminate at the base ; keel as long as the other petals, incurved, hooded, 1 cm wide (not spread), decurrent-acuminate at the base. Staminal-tube curved, the filaments all antheriferous, the vexillary one free at the base, somewhat united with the others above. Ovary villous. Pod almost woody, turgid, 11 to 18 cm long, 6 to 7 cm wide, at first ferruginous-pubescent, when very old glabrous or nearly so, nearly 1 cm thick on the dorsal suture, at least 2 cm thick in the middle. Seeds
122
MERRILL.
two or three, nearly circular in outline, 2.5 cm in diameter, 2 cm thick, smooth, shining, brown, mottled with darker color, the hilum linear, extending more than one-half around the seed.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1/19, and three sheets without number.
This species in superficial characters is very similar to Dioclea reflexa Hook, f., and was at first considered by me to belong in that genus, as an intermediate between the sections Pachylobium and Eudioclea, having 10 fertile stamens and a linear hilum; it seems, however, to be referable to the above genus, in spite of its similarity to Dioclea reflexa. The flowers of both the above species are only about one-half as large as those of M. lauterbachii Harifis, but structurally they appear to be about the same. If the two species here described are correctly treated generieally, then Macropsychanlhus must be very closely allied to Dioclea. |
This previously monotypic genus was based on Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms in Schumann & Lauterbach FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee ( 1901 ) 366, pi. 10, and the presence of additional representatives in the Philippines is a case of interest from the point of geographical distribution.
78. PUERARIA DC.
Branches 4-angled . 1. P. tetragona
Branches terete.
Flowers in. simple racemes, medium sized; leaflets stipellate.
Stipules not produced below their point of attachment; leaflets mostly medium-sized or small, rounded, acute, or apiculate-acuminate ; pods
slightly hairy, subglabrescent, less than 5 mm wide 2. P. phaseoloides
Stipules peltate, much produced below their point of attachment; leaflets ample, acuminate, rarely lobed; pods densely hirsute, about 8 mm wide.
3. P. thunbergiana
Flowers small, in dense, spike-like racemes which are paniculately arranged; leaflets not stipellate, strongly acuminate 4. P. warburgii
V L' Pueraria tetragona sp. nov.
Scandens, plus minus hirsuta, ramis quadrangulatis ; foliolis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, integris, submembranaceis, aeuminatis, lateralibus plus minus obliquis; stipulis lanceolatis, deciduis, basi non productis; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, quam petioli brevioribus; floribus albis, circiter 7 mm longis ; leguminibus lineari-oblongis, leviter hifsutis, 5 mm latis.
A seandent annual, the stems distinctly 4-angled, hirsute, especially on the angles, with reflexed, brownish hairs. Leaves alternate, trifolio- late, the petiole slightly hirsute, 5 to 8 cm long, produced 1 to 2 cm above the insertion of the lateral leaflets; leaflets submembranaceous, green and somewhat shining when dry, both surfaces with very few, scattered hairs, entire, base rounded or subacute, apex sharply acuminate, the lateral ones somewhat inequilateral, 7 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6.5 cm wide, with a pair of subbasal nerves, and three of four nerves on each side of the midrib above the basal pair ; petiolules 2 to 3 mm long, hirsute, the stipels acicular, about 1 mm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, less than 5 mm long. Eacemes axillary, solitary, 2 to 3 cm long, the
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
123
rachis, bracts, bracteoles, and calyces hirsute with elongated, scattered, usually appressed hairs. Flowers white, about 7 mm long, usually in pairs from a swollen node, each node subtended by two or three narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, 2 to 3 mm long bracts; pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, with a pair of bracteoles, similar to the bracts, near the apex. Calyx 5 mm long, the lower three teeth lanceolate, acuminate, 3 mm long, subequal, the upper two connate for one-half their length into a deeply cleft lobe ( as long as the lower teeth. Standard 6 mm long, obovate-orbicular, rounded, clawed, not auricled or callose; wings equal- ling the standard, adherent to the keel and geniculate, with an oblong, 8 mm long, 'obtuse auricle at the geniculation ; keel as long as' the other petals, very similar in size and shape to the wings, auricled. Stamens all fertile, the vexillary • one united with the rest. Ovary linear-lanceolate, Sessile, slightly hirsute ; style glabrous, slightly curved. Pods flat, 4 to 5 cm long, about 5 mm wide, hirsute with scattered hairs, acuminate, slightly constricted between the seeds, each containing from 6 to 8, compressed, brown seeds about 2.5 mm long.
Palawan, near Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 295 Bermejos, January, 1906. A species readily recognizable by its 4-angled stems.
2. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9 (1865) 125; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 199; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 64; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 87; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67.
1 Dolichos 'phaseoloides Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 316.
Pachyrhizus teres Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 580.
Pachyrhizus montanus Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845.) 406, ed 3, 2:381.
Dioscorea bolojonica Blanco 1. c. ed. 1 (1837) 800, ed. 2 (1845) 551, ed. 3, 3:208.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15704 Merritt & Darling: Province of Tar lac, Merrill 3620: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 4®: Province of Bataan, Merrill 154 7, 3778, For. Bur. 2340 Borden, Elmer 6719. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 640-
India to southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
3. Pueraria thunbergiana (S. & Z.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9 (1865) 122; Forbes & Hemsl. 1. c. 23 (1887) 191; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 410.
Dolichos hirsutus Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 (1794) 237, non Pueraria hirsuta Kurz (1873).
Pachyrhizus thunb er g ianus S. & Z. FI. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2 (1846) 113.
Eeustanthus chinensis Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 86.
Batanes Islands, Batan , Bur. Sci. 3833 Fenix. -Babuyanes Islands, Cami- guin, Bur. Sci. 4116 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6600 : Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 6803 Robinson: Banton, McGregor 34 7. Negros, For. Bur. 13712, 17339 Curran.
India to Korea and Japan, south to Formosa; possibly also in the Buru Archipelago.
The specimen from Buru Island mentioned by Forbes & Hemsley may be refer- able to P. textilis Laut. & K. Sch., rather than to P. thunbergiana. The former is described as having sessile flowers, but in all the material of P. thunbergiana
124
MERRILL.
I have examined the flowers are pedicelled. Prain 53 asserts that with the abundant material now available for study it is imposible to distinguish Pueraria thompsoni Benth. from P. thunbergiana Benth., even as a variety.
4. Pueraria warburg ii Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 87.
Glycine warburgii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 231.
Luzon, Province of Albay, For. Bur. 12392 Curran. Mindanao, District of Davao, Baganga, Merrill 51)30 ; Santa Cruz, Williams 2953; Taumo, Warburg Hf661) (type in herb. Berol.!) ; DeVore & Hoover 368.
This species was previously transferred by me to Glycine, but I am now of' the opinion that it belongs properly in the genus Pueraria ; *in young specimens the swollen nodes of the inflorescence are not very evident, but are distinct in more mature material. The same species, or a closely allied one, is also found in Celebes; see Perkins 1. c.
79. CAN AVALI A DC. ( Canavali Adans. ) .
Pod turgid, often nearly flat along the dorsal suture, 10 cm long or less, about
4.5 cm wide; leaflets acuminate..'. 1. C. turgida
Pod usually flat, if turgid then usually less than 3 cm wide, or if 4.5 cm wide, then exceeding 20 cm in length.
Leaflets broad and rounded at the apex, or even retuse ; a littoral species.
2. C. lineata
Leaflets acuminate; inland species, wild and cultivated.
Pod less than 20 cm in length and 3 cm in width 3. C. ensiformis
Pod 25 to 30 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide 4. C. gladiata
1. Canavalia turgida Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5534; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 215; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66" (1897) 417; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 81, 410.
Canavalia ensiformis var. turgida Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 196; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 64.
* Canavalia virosa Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 319, non W. & A.
Canavalia obtusifolia Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 63; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67, non DC.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3189 M earns: Babuyanes Islands, Cami- guin, Bur. Sci. 1)011 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 11(23 Ramos: Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : Province of Pampanga, Merrill 11(21): Prov- ince of Bataan, For. Bur. 5931 Curran, Williams 311, Merrill 3172 : Province of Tayabas, Whitford 101, Gregory 88. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9238 Robinson. Min- doro, Merrill 1292. Palawan, Merrill 100, Bur. Sci. 331 Bermejos. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 1)91) Mangubat. Ticao, For. Bur. 1051 Clark. Negros, For. Bur. 5618 Everett. Panay, Copeland 109. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Native names: Daluyduy (Masbate) ; damglin (Mindoro).
Widely distributed in the Philippines, usually in thickets near the seashore, but scarcely growing on the beach; also on the borders of Lake Lanao, Mindanao (altitude about 800 m). Near the coast from India to southern China and Formosa through Malaya.
The synonymy of this species has been discussed by- Prain,00 who considers it under the name of Canavalia turgida Grah., but states that it' is the plant to which the name Canavalia obtusifolia properly belongs. In this last conclusion I do not concur, for Dolichos obtusifolius Lam. was based primarily on the
08 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 419. 60 L. c. 418.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
125
references to Tournefort, Plumier, and Plukenet, and the description is mani- festly not applicable to Canavalia turgida Grah., for the leaflets are described as very obtuse or almost round, and the pod as 6 to 8 inches long and 1J inches wide; moreover Lamarck in adding the reference to Rheede, which is Canavalia turgida Grah., states “forte Katu-tjandi Rheed. Mai. 8. p. 83. t. 43.” Canavalia obtusifolia DC. was based on Dolichos obtusifolius Lam., but DeCandolle reversed the order of citing synonyms, giving Rheede precedence; the name is, however, from Lamarck, and I consider Canavalia obtusifolia DC. to be typified by Dolichos obtusifolius Lam., not by Katu-tjandi Rheede. As to the specific name of the plant, turgida is probably the earliest valid one, although this point is not certain. In this connection Prain states: “It [Canavalia turgida Grah.] is, moreover, Dolichos rotundifolius Vahl, of which indeed DeCandolle had seen a specimen, thus confirming the conclusion that Roxburgh had already formed. This, from his drawing, is without any possibility of doubt Roxburgh’s Dolichos rotundifolius.” I have not seen the original description of Dolichos rotundifolius Yahl, but that given by Willdenow 00 does not seem to me to apply to Canavalia turgida Grah., as the leaflets are described as “ovali-subrotundis,” and the pods as “Legumina tripollicaria unguem lata,” in which characters Vahl’s species appears to me to concur with Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC., rather than with C. turgida Grah.
2. Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 404; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 63; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 410.
Dolichos lineatus Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 280.
Canavalia obtusifolia DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 404; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 196; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 64.
Dolichos obtusifolius ,Lam. Eneycl. 2 (1786) 295.
Dolichos acinaciformis Blanco FL. Filip. (1837) 578 (?),nonJacq.
Canavalia ensiformis Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 404, ed. 3, 2:377 ( ?), non DC.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3680 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16612 Curran: Province of Union, Elmer 5650: Province of Zambales, Merrill 31f2: Province of Bataan, Elmer 7 033, Williams 319: Manila, McGregor 58, Torralba 207, Merrill 3J/-23 : Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 9583 Curran, Whit ford 8Jf0. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 562: Province of Surigao, Allen 169, Long s. n.: District of Zamboanga, Hallier s. n.
Along the seashore, usually growing in pure sand of the. beach; coasts of India to Japan, through Malaya to Australia ; also in tropical America, if the synonyms of DeCandolle and Lamarck are properly placed.
This species in floral characters is practically identical with Canavalia turgida Grah., but its pods are quite different, and it can always be distinguished by its rounded leaflets.
3. Canavalia ensiformis (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 404;- Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 195; F.-Vill; Nov. App. (1880) 64; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67.
Dolichos ensiformis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 725.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bolster 188: District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 16553 Curran & Merritt: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15883 Bacani: Province of Union, Fenix 12: Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 5119 Ramos: Province of Pampanga, Bur. Sci. 191/3 Foxioorthy : Province of Pampanga, Merrill s. n. : Province of Bataan, Elmer 6870, Merrill 11/85, 1602, 3811, For. Bur. 79 Barnes, For. Bur. 2197 Meyer, Williams 532: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 11 Foxioorthy : Manila, Merrill .1/091/, Lyon s. n. Lijbang, Merrill 963.
Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1040.
12€
MERRILL.
Widely distributed in the - Philippines, some forms probably cultivated, but most of the specimens cited above from wild plants; Tropics of the world. Exceedingly variable.
4. Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 404; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 403, ed. 3, 2:376; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. U9.
Dolichos gladiatus Jacq. Coll. 2 (1788) 276.
Dolichos ensiformis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 577.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 31$5, Bur. Sci. 5167 Ramos. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 589, s. n.
All the specimens cited above are from cultivated plants, and this form is unknown in the wild state in the Philippines. It is characterized by its very large pods, which are from 25 to 30 cm long, and about 5 cm wide.
I am not at all sure that the specimens above cited represent true Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC., as I have not seen the original description of the species; it is reduced by most authors to Canavalia lineata (Linn.) DC.
Tropics of the world; certainly not a native of the Philippines.
80. CAJANUS DC.
1. Cajanus indicus Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 248; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 174; Baker in Hook. f..Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 217; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 5 (1897) 47.
Cytisus cajan Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 739; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 597.
Cytisus pseudo-cajan Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2 (1772) 54, t. 119.
Cajan inodorum Medic, in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2 (1787) 363.
Cajanus bicolor DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. (1813) 85, Prodr. 2 (1825) 406; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 416, ed. 3, 2:396; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 167.
Cajanus flavus DC. 1. cc.
Cajan cajan Millsp. Field. Columb. Mus. Bot. 2 (1900) 53.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 1860 j Klemme, Merrill 191: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2293 M earns : Province 6f Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5828 Ramos: Province of Batangas, Marave 167: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2337 Borden, For. Bur. 2266 Meyer: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2170 Ramos: Manila, Ocampo 268: Mindoro, For. Bur. 9872 Merritt, Bur. Sci. 6688 Robinson. Bu- suanga, For. Bur. 3535 Curran. Culion, Merrill 1)52 . Balabac, Bur. Sci. 385 Mangubat. Masbate, Merrill 3055. Negros, Munoz s. n. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 207, 21/.5 : District of Davao,' DeVore c£- Hoover 119. Basi- lan, Hallier s. n.
Native names: Caguios (Rizal, Batangas, Manila); callos (Balabac); cadios (Mindoro) ; gablos (Bataan) ; cardis (Ilocos, Cagayan)'; tabios (Masbate, Ne- gros) ; caldis (Benguet).
Widely distributed in the Philippines and frequently cultivated ; probably a native of the Old World, but now distributed throughout the Tropics of the world. i
The most generally used specific name is here retained for this well-known species, although it is by no means the oldest. Following the Vienna rules, strictly, a new combination is necessary, whichever generic name is used. The oldest generic name is Cajan Adans. (1763), which was corrected by DeCandolle (1813) to Cajanus, and the case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress, although following strict priority, Cajan would be the correct generic name; both specific names proposed by DeCandolle: are older than the one proposed by Sprengel, under which the species is generally
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE,
127
known. However, neither has been taken up, as there are still older ones available. According to the Vienna rules, duplicate binomials are inadmissible, and hence, if Cajan he accepted as the generic name, Cajan cajan (L. ) Millsp. is inadmissible and a new combination would be necessary; the oldest specific name in this case would be from Cytisus pseudo-cajan Jacq. (1772). If, how- ever, Cajanus be retained as the generic name, the oldest specific name would of necessity have to be taken from Cytisus cajan Linn., as the combination of the specific name cajan under the genus Cajanus hardly constitutes a duplicate binomial. Under present rules Cajan cajan is inadmissible, but Cajanus cajan is entirely proper and admissible ( ! ) , a very good illustration of inconsistency.
81. DUN BARI A W. & A.
Leaflets only slightly pubescent beneath, pale, but scarcely whitish.
1. D. cumingiana
Leaflets densely white-tomentose beneath 2. D. merrillii
1. Dunbaria cumingiana Benth. PL Jungh. (1852) 242; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 177; F.-Vill. ?7ov. App. (1880) 66; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 110.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5760 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Cuming 819 (type in Herb. Ivew. ), Elmer 7799, Bur. Sci. 601/6 Robinson: Province of Rizal, Merrill 5071/.
Endemic.
2. Dunbaria merrillii Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 225 (as Dumbaria) . Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer' 8502 (type number): Province of Pan-
gasinan, Alberto 1/: Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 71/11, 7872 Ramos.
A species very closely allied to, and perhaps not specifically distinct from the preceding, distinguished, so far as I can determine from the material at hand, only by its more dense and whitish pubescence.
Endemic.
82. CANTHAROSPERMUM W. & A.
Petals marceseent; leaflets 4 to 7 cm long; pods 5 to 7 cm in length.. 1. C. volubile Petals deciduous; leaflets 1.5 to 3 cm long; pods less than 3 cm long.
2. C. scarabaeoides
1. Cantharospermum volubile (Blanco) comb. nov.
Cytisus volubilis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 599.
Cajanus volubilis Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 417, ed. 3, 2:398.
Dunbaria horsfieldii Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 179.
Atylosia mollis F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 1/1, jig. E, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 110; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88, non Benth.
Atylosia crassa Prain in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 45.
Luzon, Province of Union, Elmer 5612: District of Lepanto, Bur. Sci. 7 025 Ramos: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2157 Ahern’s collector. Ubian (Sulu Archipelago), Merrill 5399.
India, Indo-China, the Andaman Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.
In regard to the specific name for this species, volubile, being by far the oldest is here adopted. Blanco’s description of Cytisus volubilis, although short, applies unmistakably to the material cited above. Prain61 has called attention to the fact that Atylosia mollis Benth. is a mixture of two different species, and the name, derived from Gollaea mollis Grab., is applicable only to a Himalayan plant.
01 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 6 62 (1897) 46.
95495 3
128
MERRILL.
He adopts the name Atylosia crassa, based on the nomen nudum, Dolichos crassus Grab., for the Indo-Malayan form referred by most authors to Atylosia mollis Benth.
2. Cantharospermum scarabaeoides (Linn.) Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (1883) 384 [scarabaeoideum) .
Dolichos scarabaeoides Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 726.
Bhnychosia scarabaeoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 387.
Atylosia scarabaeoides Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 245; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 173; Baker in Hook.- f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 215; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 109; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 18613 Klemme: District of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7118 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 1418 : Province of Union, Elmer 5703: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1J/31 : Province of Bulaean, Yoder 11/0 : Province of Rizal, Cuzner 28. Mindoro, Bur. Sci. 6659 Robinson. Masbate, Merrill 3397. Mindanao, Lake Ldnao, Mrs. Clemens 774: District of Davao, DeVore d Hoover 10 4.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes in open grass-lands ; India, Indo-China, southern China, Malaya, Mariannes and Mascarene Islands.
The generic name Cantharospermum W. & A. has only page preference over Atylosia W. & A., and the latter is by far the more commonly used one. The fact that Atylosia was not included in the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress is an excellent illustration of the inconsistency of that list.
83. RHYNCHOSIA Lour.
1. Rhynchosia calosperma Warb. in Engl. . Bot. Jahrb. 12 (1891) 314; Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutscli. Schutzgeb. Siidsee (1901) 370; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 88.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1446, locally known as balabalatungan.
New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Key Islands.
I have followed Perkins in this identification; the type of the species has not been seen by me.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Rhynchosia fridericiana (Weinm.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 387; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67.
Glycine fridericiana Weinm. in Flora 4 (1821) 29.
This species was described from specimens cultivated in Russia from seeds said to have been received from the Philippines, and I have been unable to deter- mine its status from the short description available here. M. C. DeCandolle informs me that there is no specimen in the DeCandolle Herbarium, and Dr. A. Fischer von Waldheim, Director of the Botanical Garden at St. Petersburg, in- forms me that it is unrepresented in the Herbarium of that Institution.
Rhynchosia viscosa DC.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66.
Rhynchosia densiflora DC.; F.-Vill. 1. c. 67.
Rhynchosia minima DC.; F.-Vill. 1. c. 66.
The above three species were credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar, but no Philippine material has been seen by me, and accordingly they are not admitted here.
The oldest name for the genus is Dolicholus Medic. (1787), but Rhynchosia Lour. (1790) is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
129
84. ERIOSEMA DC.
1. Eriosema chinense Yog. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1 : 31; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 219; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66; Vid. Rev, PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 111.
Crotalaria tuberosa Ham. in Don Prodr. (1825) 241, non Eriosema tuberosum A. Rich. (1847).
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7 891 Ramos: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 7 982 Ramos: District of Lepanto, Merrill 4-1 63 : Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5321 Ramos, For. Bur. 5109, 5131 Curran, Bur. Sci. 21ft 4, 2136, 2169 Mearns. Elmer 6311: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 40%- Semerara, Merrill 4135.
India to southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, to northern Australia.
85. FLEMINGIA Roxb.
Leaves 1-foliolate; flowers in small cymules enclosed by large, folded, persistent
bracts, and arranged in racemes longer than the leaves 1. F. strobilifera
Leaves 3-foliolate; flowers racemose or paniculate, the bracts small, deciduous.
Flowers arranged in lax, spreading, racemose panicles 2. F. lineata
Flowers in very dense, congested, spike-like racemes, or panicled racemes.
Leaflets oblong, scarcely narrowed at the apex, rounded, or apiculate; plant
decumbent or prostrate 3. F. philippinensis
Leaflets gradually narrowed to the acuminate or acute apex; plants erect or suberect.
Leaves slightly pubescent beneath 4. F. macrophylla
Leaves rather densely and softly villous beneath 5. F. cumingiana
1. Flemingia strobilifera (Linn.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4 (1812) 350; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 351; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 2 (1855) 161; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 227; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 40, fig. E, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 111.
Eedysarum strobiliferum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 764.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2213 Mearns: Province of Union, Elmer 5551 : Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 3652 Saroca: Province of Pam- panga, Merrill 1435, Feliciano 290: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1335: Manila, Abella 104: Province of Bataan, Whitford lf> Merrill 1589: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1896. Pan at, Copeland s. n. Culion, Merrill 469. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 501 Mangubat. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9254 Whitford & Hutchinson. Basilan, DeVore & Hoover 23.
Native names: Copa-copa (Pangasinan) ; paking, pakayam (Pampanga) ; payang-payang (Rizal) ; paraparanahan, panapanalahan (Bataan, Tayabas.) ; pirangan (Balabac) ; caliacai (Zamboanga, Basilan).
India to southern China, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; introduced in Mauritius and the West Indies.
2. Flemingia lineata (Linn.) Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 56, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 341; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 228; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 116.
Hedysarum lineatum Linn. Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1170.
Flemingia blancoana Llanos Frag. (1851) 81; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, 41:62. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Mrs. Templeton.
India and Ceylon through Malaya to northern Australia; not reported from the Malay Peninsula.
130
MERRILL.
3. Flemingia philippinensis Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Jourii. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 103.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 16541 Curran: District of Lepanto, Merrill 4460.
Endemic.
4. Fleminga macrophylla (Willd.) 0. Kuntze ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 440, in nota.
Crotalaria macrophylla Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 982.
Flemingia congesta Roxb. ex Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4 (1812) 349; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 228, pro parte; F.-Vill. Nov'. App. (1880) 67; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 111.
Rliynchosia sericea Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. JfO, f. D. ! ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67, prob., non Span.
Moghania macrophylla O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 199.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6241, For. Bur. 16224 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 8867 Curran: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1454: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1342: Province of Bataan, Whitford 76. Culion, Merrill 687. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 825.
India to southern China and Malaya.
Flemingia congesta Roxb., as interpreted by Baker in Hooker’s “Flora of British India,” has been separated by Prain 62 into no less than six species, and two others, considered by Baker as synonyms of F. wallichii W. & A., are regarded by Prain as distinct, and are placed by him with the segregates from F. congesta. Incidentally Doctor Prain credits O. Kuntze with the new com- bination Flemingia macrophylla, but Kuntze originally made the transfer to Moghania, not to Flemingia. At my request Dr. H. Harms has compared the Philippine material with Willdenow’s type, and writes as follows: “I have compared the specimen in Willdenow’s Herbarium, no. 13260, named Crotalaria macrophylla Willd., with some Philippine specimens (i.e., Cuming’s) of Flemin- gia congesta Roxb., and I think that they are identical; indeed I do not see any differences between the specimens, so that Willdenow’s name must be admitted as the oldest for the species, according to Doctor Kuntze’s statements. * * *
The Philippine specimens agree better with Willdenow’s type than do several of the Indian specimens, in our herbarium, referred to F, congesta Roxb.”
5. Flemingia cumingiana Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 245; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 67; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67.
Philippines, without locality, Cuming s. n. in Herb. Kew. (type).
The type impresses me as being a rather densely pubescent form of the preced- ing species, and F. cumingiana may ultimately prove, not to be separable from that. I am disposed to refer to F. cumingiana the following specimens, although some of them have considerably larger leaflets than has the type of the species : Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7130 Ramos: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 152: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1601.
Endemic.
Flemingia involuckata Benth. is recorded from the Philippines by F.-Villar, Nov. App. 67 ; it extends from India to Java, but I have seen no Philippine specimens.
Flemingia Roxb. is here retained as the name for this genus, although 0. Kuntze has adopted the generic name Moghania St. Hil. (1813), in which he has been followed by Taubert in Engler & Prantl’s “Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” Kuntze asserts that Flemingia was not published until 1819, (1814, nomen
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 439.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
131
nudum), but “Index Kewensis” gives the place of publication as volume four of the second, edition of Aiton’s “Hortus Kewensis,” the date of which is given by Pritzel as 1812; this proves to be a valid publication and, if the dates are correct, then Flemingia has priority over Moghania. The case is not covered by the list of nomiria conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress, although DeDalla Torre & Harms in their “Genera Siphonogamarum” accept Flemingia Roxb. in preference to Moghania St. Hil., giving the date of publication of the former as 1812.
86. PHASEOLUS Linn.
Stipules small, basifixed.
Scandent; pods glabrous.
Flowers less than 8 mm long; petals puberulent externally, greenish-yellow;
pods broad, flattened, 1.5 to 2 cm wide— 1. P. lunatus
Flowers about 2.5 cm long; petals glabrous, pink to purple; pods less than
1 cm wide, subtorulose between the seeds 2. P. adenanthus
Erect; pods appressed-pubescent, about 4 mm wide; flowers dark-purple.
3. P. semierectus
Stipules produced below the point of insertion; petals yellow, glabrous.
Leaflets linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, mostly less than 1 cm in width; pods
glabrous or somewhat strigose . Jp* . 4. P. minimus
Leaflets ovate, oblong-ovate or orbicular -ovate exceeding 2 or 3 cm. in width.
Pods glabrous ; leaflets usually repand or slightly lobed 5. P. calcaratus
Pods pubescent.
Erect or scandent; leaflets pubescent or glabrous, not lobed, acute, obtuse,
or slightly acuminate, cultivated 6. P. radiatus
Scandent ; fulvous-pubescent ; leaflets rather strongly acuminate, lobed or repand 7. P. suhlobatus
1. Phaseolus lunatus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 724; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 573, ed. 2 (1845) 400, ed. 3, 2: 370; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 352 ; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 200.
Phaseolus inamoenus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 271, ed. 2 (1845) 399 (err. typ. inamatus), ed. 3, 2: 368, non ( ?) Linn.
Phaseolus vexillatus Blanco 1. c. ed. 1, 574, non Linn.
Phaseolus vulgaris Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 401, ed. 3, 2: 371, non Linn.
Phaseolus ilocanus Blanco 1. c. ed. 1, (1837) 572.
Phaseolus tunkinensis Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 399, ed. 3, 2:369; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 369, non ( ?) Lour.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16768 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 7 615 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 2279 M earns: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 11)651 Barling: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 16220, 16223 Curran, Merritt. & Zschohlce : Province of Union, For. Bur. 15710 Merritt d Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8500 Curran: Province of Pampanga, Parker 39, Merrill s. n.: Province of Batangas, Cuzner 37, Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2171 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Elmer, Hallier s. n. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 279 Bermejos. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore cf Hoover 235.
Widely known in the Philippines as patani, other names given by Blanco being buttingi and biringi (Batangas), and the Spanish names zabache and frijoles de Abra.
A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the Philippines, chiefly in cultivation; Tropics of the world.
I have followed F.-Villar in the reductions of the several species recognized by Blanco, as they all seem to be cultivated forms of this variable species.
132
MERRILL.
F.-Villar refers Blanco’s species to three varieties of P. lunatus Linn., var. inaemoenus (L. ) F.-Vill., var. tunkinensis (Lour.) F.-Vill., and var. xuaresii (Zucc.) F.-Vill.
2. Phaseolus adenanthus G. W. F. Mey. Prim. FI. Esseq. (1818) 239; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 200; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 49; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89.
Phaseolus rostratus Wall. PI. As. Ear. 1 (1830) 50, t. 63; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 116.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16582 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2211, 2230, 2276, 2278 Mearns: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4950 Ramos, For. Bur. 8406 Curran & Merritt: Province of Eizal, Bur. Sci. 6527 Robinson: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 8870 Curran: Manila, Carlos 136, Merrill 632, 3420, 3492, 4095, 4096, Hallier s. n., Zamora 60. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Williams 21f37.
Native name: Patanit-baquit (Ilocos).
Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
3. Phaseolus semierectus Linn. Mant. (1771) 100; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1870) 201; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 201;' Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 30, Elmer 5536, McGregor 53, Cuzner 59, Airam 137.
Abundant about Manila, and thoroughly naturalized, apparently of compara- tively recent introduction, as it is not described by Blanco, nor listed b.y F.-Villar, as is also the case with the preceding species. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the Tropics of the world.
4. Phaseolus minimus Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 290; Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 88; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 193.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16475 Bacani: Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 7987 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Williams 1408. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 544 , DeVore & Hoover 167.
A species well characterized by its narrow, elongated leaflets; previously known only from southern China.
5. Phaseolus calcaratus Eoxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 289; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 203; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 49; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65.
Vigna luteola Mexx. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 411, non Benth.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4064 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16778 Curran: District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 16550 Curran & Merritt: Province of Benguet, Williams 1287: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4375 Ramos: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 16, 59: Province of Laguna, Williams 2049, Elmer: Province of Eizal, For. Bur. 2167 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 9338 Robinson, Whitford 860. Ticao, For. Bur. 1048 Clark. Palawan, Merrill 808. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10764 McGregor.
India to Malaya.
I am not at all sure that all the specimens cited above really represent Phaseolus calcaratus Eoxb., but the description applies rather closely. Some of the specimens have been identified and distributed as P. mungo Linn., and others as Vigna luteola Baker. A good series of Indo-Malayan specimens is needed for purposes of comparison. The oldest valid specific name may prove to be Phaseolus pubescens Blume.
6. Phaseolus radiatus Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 725.
Phaseolus mungo Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 573, ed. 2 (1845) 400, ed. 3, 2: 370; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 203 (in part), non Linn.
ENUMERATION OP PHILIPPINE LEGUMIN OSAE-.
133
Luzon, Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 7782 Curran & Merritt: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2169 Ramos.
Native names: Mungos (widely used), balatong, ex Blanco.
The form here referred to Phaseolus radiatus Linn, is only cultivated in the Philippines, and is quite universally known as mungos. This erect form is the one described by Linnaeus as Phaseolus radiatus, and is frequently identified as Phaseolus mungo Linn. I have seen no Philippine material that I consider referable to the true Phaseolus mungo Linn.
India to China and Malaya; widely cultivated and variable.
7. Phaseolus sublobatus Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 54, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 288. Phaseolus trinervius Heyne in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 5603; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 203: F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 630.
India to Malaya.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 64. A number of forms of this are cultivated by Chinese gardeners for the Manila market, probably entirely grown from imported seeds.
Phaseolus ricciardianus Ten.; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 116, reported from Negros by Usteri, but I have seen no Philippine material.
A full series of the various cultivated species of this genus, and comparison of the same with extra-Philippine material is essential to a clear exposition of them.
87. VIGNA Savi.
Keel not prolonged into a beak; flowers yellow or yellowish.
Pods very long, up to 60 cm in length, many-seeded; cultivated.... 1. V. sinensis Pods short, few-seeded, less than 7 cm in length.
Whole plant glabrous 2. V. lutea
Young stems and pods pubescent, other parts of the plant often so.
3. V. luteola
Keel prolonged into a beak; pods densely pilose; flowers purplish.... 4. V.pilosa
1. Vigna sinensis (Linn.) Endl. ex Hassk. PI. Jav. Rar. (1848) 386; Walp. Ann. 4:562; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 193.
Dolichos sinensis Linn. Cent. PI. (1756) 28, Amoen. Acad. 4 (1859) 132. Dolichos catiang Linn. Mant. (1771) 269.
Vigna catjang Walp. in Linnaea 13 (1839) 533; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 205; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 285.
Dolichos sesquipedalis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 575, ed. 2 (1845) 401, ed. 3, 2:375; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 286, non Linn.
Phaseolus caracalla Blanco 1. ec. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65, (?) non Linn. Luzon, Manila , Merrill 4104 ■ Province of Pampanga, Merrill s. n.
Quite universally known in the Philippines as sitao; quibal, ex Blanco. Cul- tivated only; cultivated in most tropical and subtropical countries.
2. Vigna lutea (Sw.) A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 452; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 205; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67..
Dolichos luteus Sw. Prodr. Veg.’ Ind. Occ. (1788) 105; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 398.
Vigna retusa Walp. Repert. 1 (1842) 778; Prain ex King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66 2 (1897) 51.
134
MERRILL.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2295 Meyer, Williams 316: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 9582 Curran, Whit ford, 687, Gregory 85. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9284 Robinson. Mindoro, Merrill 1263, 3334 . Palawan, Bur. Sci. 336 Bermejos. Baladac, Bur. Sci. 476 Mangubat. Mindanao, District of Cotabato, Mrs. Cle- mens 814: District of Zamboanga, Hallier s. n. : District of Davao, Copeland 561.
A species characteristic of sandy seashores, widely distributed in the Philip- pines; Tropics of the world.
0. Kuntze83 reduces Vigna luteola Benth. and V. lutea A. Gray ( Dolichos luteus Sw. ) to Vigna repens (Linn.) 0. Kuntze ( Dolichos repens Linn.). Whether or not the reductions are correct I am unable to determine, but the specific name repens is invalidated in Vigna by V. repens Baker (1876).
3. Vigna iuteola (Jacq.) Benth. in Tlxw. Enum. (1859) 90, and in Mart. FI. Bras. 15 (1859-62) 194, t. 50, fig. 2; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 205; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89.
Dolichos luteolus Jacq. Hort. Vind. 1 (1770) 39, t. 90.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 209: District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 3951 Hutchinson.
Tropics of the world; Baker, certainly by error, describes the pods as one-half inch wide.
4. Vigna pilosa (Boxb.) Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 207; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 116; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 3 5 (1906) 22.
Dolichos pilosus Boxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 55, FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 312; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 397.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Merrill 3674: Manila, Hallier s. Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n.
India and Formosa.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Vigna repens (Grah.) Baker; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65. A species defin- itely known only from Burma, to which F.-Villar reduced Dolichos repens Blanco (non Linn.). I am unable to determine Blanco’s species with satisfaction at the present time, although F.-Villar may have been correct in the reduction.
Vigna vexillata Rich.; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 89. Credited to Min- danao on material collected by Warburg; I have seen no Philippine specimens that I consider referable to the species, and was unable to find Warburg’s specimen in the Berlin herbarium.
88. DOLICHOS Linn.
Style flattened, bearded along the inner edge; inflorescence of axillary, elongated, narrow, racemose panicles; flowers various, purplish, pink, white, or slightly
yellowish; pods flattened, about 2 cm wide 1. D. lablab
Style filiform, not bearded on the inner edge, but usually so at the apex; flowers few, in short axillary racemes; pods less than 1 cm wide.
Glabrous or only slightly pubescent; leaflets lobed or repand; flowers pink.
2. D. falcatus
Softly pilose with long, spreading, white hairs ; leaflets entire ; flowers yellow.
3. D. uniflorus
1. Dolichos lablab Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 725; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 209; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 65; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 90.
Lablab vulgaris Savi Diss. (1821) 19; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 401.
Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 212.
ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE LEGUMINOSAE.
135
Glycine lucida Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 578, non Forst.
Labial cultratus DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 402; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 405, ed. 3, 2: 379; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 292.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16763 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2206 M earns: Province of Union, Elmer 5569, 5590, 5730: District of Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 7009 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Merrill 4 31Jh For. Bur. 15740 Curran <£ Merritt: Province of Batangas, Cuzner 42: Province of Laguna, Hallier s. n.: Manila, Merrill 3448, 4089. Culion, Merrill 522. Ba- silan, DeVore & Hoover 32.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, cultivated and spontaneous; Tropics of the Old World.
Native names: Balao (widely used); parda (Ilocos); sibachi (Batangas); laglao (Basilan) ; bulai, ex Blanco.
Both the typical form, and the var. lignosa (Linn.) Prain, are represented in the material cited above, the former having seeds with their long axes parallel with the pod, and the later having seeds with their long axes across the pod.
The genus Labial Adans. was based on the above species, and has been retained by some authors, including Pilger in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.
3 (1908) 174, as worthy of generic rank.
2. Dolichos falcatus Klein in Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1047; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 398; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 453; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 211; F.-Yill. Nov. App. (1880) 66.
Dolichos trilobus Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 403, ed. 3, 2: 375, non Linn.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 14678 Darling, Bur. Sci. 7678 Ramos: Province of Batangas, Cuzner 24: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6027 Robinson, Hallier s. n. : Province of Rizal, Baja 246. Cebu, Brown 6. Negros, For. Bur. 13714 Curran.
Native names: Paiap-gobat (Laguna); gocot-maya (Cebu).
India and Ceylon, not reported from southern China or Malaya.
Dolichos trilobus Blanco was reduced by F.-Villar to Phaseolus calcaratus Boxb. ; it is, however, unquestionably referable to Dolichos falcatus Klein.
3. Dolichos uniflorus Lam. Eneycl. 2 (1786) 299; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 498; Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 76.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Cuzner 29.
India and Ceylon (var. glaber Trimen) ; other range uncertain on account of confusion with Dolichos biflorus Linn., to which Lamarck’s species has been reduced by Baker, the range of the latter being given as “everywhere in the Tropics of the Old World.” Not previously reported from the Philippines.
89. PACHYRRHIZUS Rich.
1. Pachyrrhizus erosus (Linn.) Urb. Symb. Antill. 4 (1905) 311.
Dolichos erosus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 726.
Dolichos bulbosus Linn. 1. c. ed. 2 (1763) 1021.
Pachyrrhizus angulatus Rich, ex DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 402; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 405, ed. 3, 2:380; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 191; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 207; F.-Yill. Nov. App. (1880) 65; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 110; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 249 ; Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. Ill 9 (1889) pi. 1842
Pachyrrhizus jicamas Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 579.
Pachyrrhizus bulbosus Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 45 2 (1876) 246s; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 67.
Cacai-a erosa 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 165.
136
MERRILL.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, .For. Bur. 1955 Borden, Merrill 3098, For. Bur. 5 If Barnes, Bur. Sci. 1611 Foxworthy: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 3324 Ahern’s collector: Manila, McGregor 65. Panay, Yoder 31.
Almost universally known in the Philippines as sincamas, ex Blanco also hicamas.
A species now widely distributed in the Tropics of the world, probably of American origin; thoroughly naturalized in the Philippines and very abundant.
The oldest generic name is Cacara (Rumph.) Thou. (1805), but Pachyrrhizus Rich. (1825) is here retained in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
90. PSOPHOCARPUS Neck.
1. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 403; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 181; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 211; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 66; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 90.
Dolichos tetragonolobus Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1020; Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 576, ed. 2 (1845) 402, ed. 3, 2:374; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 293.
Botor tetragonoloba 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 162.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bolster 183, For. Bur. 16605, 16159 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 4860, 4864 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Merrill 3313: Manila, Merrill 646, McGregor 41, 50: Masbate, Merrill 3401. Palawan, For. Bur. 3614 Curran. Negros, For. Bur. 13659 Curran.
Native names: Cigcurrillos (widely used) ; segadella (Negros) ; amale (Caga- yan) ; calamismis, pal-lam, ex Blanco.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, cultivated and naturalized; probably introduced. India to Malaya, etc., frequently cultivated.
Psophocarpus palustris Desv. has been reported from the Philippines by F.-Villar (Nov. App. 66), but I have seen no specimens.
The generic name Psophocarpus Neck. (1790), is retained instead of Botor Adans. (1763), in accordance with the list of nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
EXCLUDED GENERA.
In the “Novissima Appendix” to the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Fili- pinas,” F.-Villar enumerates the following six species, representing six different genera. I have seen no Philippine representatives of any of these genera, and they are accordingly here excluded.
Acrocarpus eraxinieolius Wight; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 74. Known from India and Sumatra.
Cicer arietinum L. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 62. Said by F.-Villar to be cultivated in Luzon and Panay. If the species occurs in the Philippines at all, then it will be only' as an introduced plant.
Dialium laurinum Baker; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1,882) 351. A species of the Malay Peninsula.
Mecopus nidulans Benn. ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 61. Burma to Malaya.
Neptunia oleracea Lour.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 73. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics. The specimen cited, Cuming 2352, was from Malacca, not from the Philippines.
Parochetus communis Ham.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 58. India to
southern China and Java.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES, III.1
By V. F. Brotherus. (Helsingfors, Finland.)
SPHAGNACEiE.
SPHAGNUM (Dill.) Ehrli.
Sphagnum Junghuhnianum Doz. & Molk.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Mount Panaga, Bur. Sci. 7 315 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 3455, 4540 M earns, Bur. Sci. 8678 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16421 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, altitude about 2,700 m: Province of Zambales, Mount Pinatubo, Bur. Sci. 2540 Foxworthy.
DICRANACEiE.
TRE MATO DON Michx.
Trematodon drepanellus Besch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4548 M earns, altitude about 2,100 m; Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5508 Ramos. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8814 Merritt.
Area: Japan, Formosa.
Trematodon acutus C. Mull.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Nagcarlan, Copeland “m” : Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8686 McGregor, altitude about 2100 m: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Copeland 1405.
CERATODON Brid.
Ceratodon stenocarpus Bryol. eur.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16408, 16422 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce, altitude above 2,500 m.
CAMPYLOPODIUM (C. Mull.) Besch.
Campylopodium euphorocladum (C. Mull.) Besch.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Mount Iraya, Bur. Sci. 3858 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6675: Province of Nueva Yiscaya, Mount Umugum, Bur. Sci. 8278 Ramos.
Area: Java, Tahiti, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.
1 The geographic distribution is not indicated in the present paper for those species which were included in the first and second parts.
137
138
BROTHER US.
SYM BL.EPHARIS Mont.
Symblepharis Reinwardtii (Doz. & Molk.) Bryol. jav.
LUZON; Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6601/ Robinson.
Area: Sikkim, Burma, Java, and Borneo.
BRAUNFELSIA Par.
Braunfelsia luzonensis Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica: robustiuscula, caespitosa, eaespitibus clensis, ngidis, lutes- eentibus, nitidis ; caulis usque ad 4 cm altus, erectus vel procumbens, parce tomentosus, dense foliosus, dichotome ramosus ; folia plus minusve patula, sicca erectiora, canaliculato-concava, superne tubuloso-concava, ovato- lanceolata, sensim subulato-acuminata, c. 5 mm longa, marginibus inte- gerrimis, enervia, cellulis elongatis, valde incrassatis, inter se porosis, basilaribus luteis, alaribus sat numerosis, quadratis, fusco-aureis ; bracteae pericliaetii erectae, internae e basi longissime tubulosa sensim in subulam filiformem, thecam plus minusve longe superantem, subintegram vel minutissime denticulatam attenuatae, enerves ; seta c. 12 mm alta, tenuis, lutescenti-rubra, flexuosula, laevissima; theca erecta, anguste cjlindrica, 2.5-3 mm longa et c. 0.57 mm crassa, microstoma, fuseidula, aetate fusca, laevis; peristomium 0; spori 0.012-0.015 mm, laeves; operculum e basi eonica longe et recte subulatum. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8172, 8178 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 511/6 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, in the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, For. Bur. 16399 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Province of Abra, Mount Bawagan, Bur. Sci. 7311/ Ramos.
Species distinctissima, habitu B. scariosae (Wils.) Par. similis, sed foliis enerviis facillime .dignoscenda.
DICRANOLOMA Ren.
Dicranoloma Ramosii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicumj robustulum, caespitosum, eaespitibus densiusculis, pallide lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis fasciculo centrali praeditus, usque ad 5 cm altus, adscendens vel erectus, ubique ferrugineo- vel albido-tomen- tosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel fureatus ; folia patula, comalia plerumque subsecunda, canaliculato-concava, breviter decurrentia, plicata, lanceolato- subulata, 5-7 mm longa, basi c. 0.65 mm lata, marginibus erectis, superne dense et argute serratis, angustissime vel indistincte limbata, nervo tenui, basi c. 0.05 mm lato, continuo, dorso superne argute serrato, cellulis elongatis, incrassatis, lumine angustissimo, basilaribus laxioribus, inter se valde porosis, alaribus numerosis, magnis, quadrato-hexagonis, fusco- aureis, omnibus laevissimis ; bracteae pericliaetii a basi late et longe vaginante subito in subulam serrulatam brevem vel longiorem productae; sporogonia plerumque aggregata, 2-4 ex eodem perichaetio ; seta usque ad 1.5 cm alta, tenuis, flexuosula, lutescenti-rubra; theca erecta, cjlindrica, 2-2.5 mm alta, leptodermis, fuseidula. Caetera ignota.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
139
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5867 Ramos.
Species D. reflexo (C. Mull.) et D. reflexifolio (C. Mull.) affinis, ab hae foliis comalibus subsecundis, cellulis basilaribus laxioribus, ab ilia foliis minus argute serratis cellulisque magis incrassatis jam dignoscenda.
Dicranoloma Blumei (Nees) Ren.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8194, 8171 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 5147 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, altitude 600 m, Bur. Sci. 6604 Robinson.
Dicranoloma leucophyll.um (Hamp.j var. Kurzii (Fleisch.)
D. brevisetum Broth, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 12, nec D. brevisetum (Doz. & Molk.) Par.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4544 M earns, Bur. Sci. 8694 McGregor, altitude about 2,100' m; Suyoc to Pauai, Merrill 494®, on trees, altitude about 1970 m.
Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, and Batjan.
LEUCOLOMA Brid.
Leucoloma (Syncratodictyon ) perviride Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, bumilibus, late extensis, viridibus, basi -foscescentibus,. hand nitidis ; caulis usque ad 1 cm vel paulum ultra altus, adscendens, inferne radiculosus, dense foliosus, plus minusve ramosus ; folia falcata, canaliculato-concava, e basi lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata sensim breviter subulate, c. 3 mm longa,, marginibus erectis, apice minute serrulatis, limbata, limbo hyalino, basi latiusculo, superne sensim angustiore, in subula evanescente, nervo tenui, continuo, cellulis superioribus minutis, quadratis, chlorophyllosis, minutissime papillosis, basin versus sensim longioribus, basilaribus . rectangularibus, laevibus, alaribus numerosis, magnis, oblongo-rectangularibus, curvatulis, fusco-aureis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 6281.
Species L. amoene-virenti Mitt, forsan proxima, sed statura graciliore, foliis viridibus, nitore destitutis, brevioribus, cellulis basilaribus brevioribus, minus incrassatis longe diversa.
BROTH ERA C. Mull.
Broth era Lean a (Sull.) C. Mull.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio', For. Bur. 15686 ex p. Curran.
Area: Himalaya, Japan, Manchuria, and northern America.
CAMPYLOPUS Brid.
Campylopus caudatus (C. Mull.) Mont.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4549 M earns, altitude about 2,100 m; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), For. Bur. 11068 Whitford: Province of Abra, Mount Bawagan, Bur. Sci. 7311 Ramos: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16018 Bacani.
Campylopus (Trichophylli ) Foxworthyi Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicus ; gracilis, eaespitosus, caespitibus densis, late extensis, fusces- centi-lutescentibus, nitidis; caulis ad 6 cm usque altus, erectus vel geniculato-adscendens, inferne fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, dicho- tome ramosus vel simplex, in planta fertili plerumque innovatione unica,
140
BROTHERUS.
brevi praeditus ; folia e basi ereetiore patentia, canaliculato-concava, e basi oblongo-lanceolata, 0.7-0.75 mm lata raptim elongate et anguste subulata, pilo hyalino brevi vel longiore, stricto, serrnlato terminata, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, nervo latissimo, basi dimidiam- partem laminae vel panlnm ultra, superne subulam totam occupante, dorso laevi, cellulis ventralibus inanibus, cellulis superioribus laminae rhomboideis, lumine anguste elliptico, basin versus sensim longioribus, basilaribus internis teneris, laxe oblongo-hexagonis, marginalibus angustis, limbum pluriseriatum, hyalinum elformantibus, alaribus parum numerosis, laxi- usculis, fusco-aureis vel hyalinis, fugacibus ; fiores foeminei plures, term- inales; iracteae perichaetii e basi alte et late vaginante, obtusa subito elongate subulata, piliferae; sporogonia 1-3; seta c. 5 mm alta, sicca flexuoso-erecta, humida cygnea, tenuis, fuscescenti-lutescens, laevis ; theca erecta, minuta, ovalis, sicca plicatula, • f uscidula, collo laevi ; exostomii dentes paulum ultra medium divisi, dense striolati, rubri, apice hyalini ; operculum alte conicum, obtusum. Oalyptra ignota.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Pinatubo, Bur. Sci. 251(4, 251/9, 2551, 2552 Foxworthy • Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5155 Ramos.
Species e deseriptione G. hemitrichio (C. Mull.) Jaeg. valde afiinis, sed foliis omnibus piliferis bracteisque perichaetii internis convolutis, rotundato-obtusis, dein subito subulato-aristatis ut videtur diversa.
Campylopus (Trichophylli) diversinervis Broth. sp. nov.
Dioicusj gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, extensis, lutescenti- viridibus, interne purpurascentibus, haud nitidis; caulis ad 6 cm usque altus, erectus, strictiusculus, interne rubro-tomentosus, dense foliosus, plerumque simplex, in planta foeminea rarius innovati'one unica, elongata praeditus ; folia sicca erecta, humida erecto-patentia, canaliculato-concava, e basi oblonga sensim lanceolato-subulata, inferiora mutica, superiora pilo breviusculo, stricto, hyalino, serrulato terminata, marginibus erectis, superne incurvis, integerrimis, nervo latissimo, basi dimidiam partem vel paulum ultra laminae occupante, dorso humiliter lamellato, cellulis ventralibus inanibus, perminutis, cellulis laminalibus rhombeis, parum incrassatis, basilaribus hyalinis, interioribus laxe rectangularibus, pauci- seriatis, externis multo angustioribus, limbum pluriseriatum, plus minusve alte productum, sensim angustiorem elformantibus, alaribus parum num- erosis, teneris, laxis, fusco-aureis vel hyalinis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, on earth in ravines, altitude 1,940 to 2,660 m, For. Bur. 16^01, 161(23 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke.
Species cum G. polytrichoide De Not. comparanda, sed notis supra datis dig- noscenda.
PILOPOGON Brid.
Pilopogon exasperatus (Brid.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8703 McGregor.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
141
Area: Ceylon, Java, Celebes, Borneo, Hawaii.
Pilopogon subexasperatus (C. Mull.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 3437 Mearns, For. Bur. 15948 Bacani; Mount Pulog, open grass lands of the summit, altitude about 2,800 m, For. Bur. 16428 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoJclce; Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8684 McGregor: Province of Abra, Mount Panaga, Bur. Sci. 7317 Ramos: Prov- ince of Zambales, Mount Pinatubo, Bur. Sci. 2576 Foxworthy : Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 7 995 Curran & Merritt.
Area : Philippines.
Pilopogon Blumei (Doz. & Molk.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5515, 5923 Ramos.
FISSIDENTACEiE.
FISSIDENS Hedw.
Fissidens anomalus Mont.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 4545 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8682 McGregor.
Fissidens (Serridium) pulogensis Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicus ; robustus, caespitosus, caespitibus densiuseulis, viridibus, aetate fuseescentibus, hand nitidis; caulis 2.5-3 cm altus, cum foliis c. 5 mm latus, basi fusco-radiculosus, laxiuscule foliosus, plerumque simplex ; folia c. 15-juga, sicca incurva, humida strictiuscula, patentia, e basi canlis versus apicem sensim majora, asymmetrica, oblonga vel ovato- oblonga, obtusa, apiculata, ob cellulas prominentes minutissime serrulata, elimbata, lamina vera ad medium folii producta, lamina dorsali ad basin nervi enata ibidemque rotundata, nervo crassiusculo, flexuoso, in apiculum folii evanescente, cellulis minutis, c. 0.01 mm, rotundato-hexagonis, chlorophyllosis, laevibus, ad marginem folii minoribus, limbum parum distinctum efliormantibus ; seta terminalis, c. 4 mm alta, adscendens, rubra; theca erecta, oblonga, c. 2 mm longa, fuscescenti-rubra. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, on trees, mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,200 m, For. Bur. 16396 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke.
Species pulcherrima, habitu F. anomalo Mont, simillima, sed F. gymnogyno Besch. affinis notisque supra datis distinctissima. .
LEUCOBRYACE^E.
LEUCOBRYUM Hamp.
Leucobryum sanctum Hamp.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7574, 7575, 7580 Ramos. . Negros, Cadiz, Bur. Sci. 7351, 7354 Celestino.
Leucobryum. javense (Brid.) Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8169 Curran & Merritt.
Leucobryum sericeum Broth.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Mount Cueva, For. Bur. 16869 Curran.
Area: Great Natunas and Borneo.
142
BROTHERUS.
Leucobryum Boweringii Mitt.
B a t anes' Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3855 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Blount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8181 Curran & Merritt.
Area: Himalaya, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Hongkong, Formosa, and Japan.
OCTOBLEPHARUM Hedw.
Octoblepharum albidum (L.) Hedw.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, For. Bur. 15638 Curran.
SCHISTOMITRIUM Doz. & Molk.
Schistomitrium apiculatum Doz. & Molk.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5152 Ramos.
Schistomitrium Nieuwenhuisii Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1310 Ramos.
EXODICTYON Card.
Exodictyon Blumii (Nees, C. Mull.) Fleisch.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3851 Fenix.
Area: Java.
LEUCOPHANES Brid.
Leucophanes albescens C. Mull.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Agusan Valley, For. Bur. 1603 Hutchinson.
Area : Java, Celebes, Philippines, and New Guinea.
SYRRHOPODONTACE2E.
SYRRHOPODON Schwaegr.
Syrrhopodon (Orthotheca) Curranii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicus; gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densiusculis, fusceseenti- viridibus, aetate fuscescentibns, baud nitidis; caulis erectus, vix ultra 5 mm altus, basi fusco-radieulosus, densfuseule foliosus, simplex; folia erecto-patentia, sicca circinato-incurva, humida strictiuscula, canaliculato- concava, e basi oblonga, paulum latiore sensim linearia, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, saepe mucronatula, usque ad 4 mm longa, marginibus partis basilaris superioris subciliato-serratis, partis laminalis lamellatis, geminatim serratis, nervo crassinsculo, infra summum apicem folii evanido, dorso papilloso, cellulis laminalibns minutissimis, subquadratis, chloropliyllosis, basilaribus laxis, hyalinis, breviter rectangnlaribus, marginalibus angustissimis, limbum hyalinum, pluriseriatum etforman- tibus; seta vix ultra 4 mm longa, tenuis, rubra; theca erecta, minuta, oblongo-cylindrica, f usco-rubra, nitidiuseula ; operculum . e basi conica aciculare; calyptra cucullata, maximam partem thecae obtegens.
Luzon, Province of Beng-uet, Baguio, For. Bur. 15636 Curran.
Species tenella, foliorum brevitate et structura faciliter dignoscenda.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
POTTIACE^E.
143
WEISIA Hedw.
Weisia flavipes Hook. f. & Wils.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Viscaya, Mount Umugum, Bur. S'ci. 8280 Ramos. Area: Eastern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.
HYMENOSTYLIUM Brid.
/
Hymenostylium luzonense Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, ■ extensis, laete- vel fuscescenti-viridibus, haud nitidis ; caulis ad 5 cm usque altus, erectus vel adscendens, per.totam longitudinem plus minusve fusco-radiculosus, laxiuscule foliosus, dichotome ramosus, ramis fastigiatis; folia sicca sub- erecia, flexuosula, humida subsquarroso-patula, .carinato-cohcava, linearia, breviter lanceolato-acuminata, aeutissima, marginibus plerumque basi uno latere anguste recurvis; caeterum erectis, integerrimis, nervo crassiusculo, infra summum apicem evanido, dorso laevi, eellulis minutis, incrassatis, quadratis vel rotundato-quadratis, chlorophyllosis, basilaribus rectangular- ibus, hyalinis, omnibus laevissimis; seta 5-7 mm alta, tenuis, strictiuscula, rubra, laevissima; theca q recta, oblonga, microstoma, fusco-rubra, haud nitida, laevis ; opefculpm oblique rostratum, rostro theca breviore.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Trinidad River, Bur. Sci. 5518, 5519 Ramos: Bued River, on dry cliffs, altitude about 920 m, Merrill 4888.
Species H. curvirostro (Ehrh.) Lindt), habitu similis, sed thecae forma ocul'o nudo jam dignoseenda.
MERCEYA Schimp.
Merceya subminuta Broth, sp. nov.
Autoica; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus densis, late extensis, fuscescenti- viridibus, haud nitidis ; caulis usque, ad 1 cm altus, erectus, strictus, basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel apice innovationibus bre- vibus, erectis praeditus; folia sicca incurvula, contracta, marginibus undulatis, humida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava, e basi breviter spathu- lata oblongo-lingulata, breviter acuminata, acuta, c. 2 mm longa et c. 0.53 mm lata, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, nervo crassiusculo, rufescentej infra summum apicem f olii evanido, dorso laevi, eellulis plus minusve incrassatis, lumine angulato-rotundato, c. 0.007 mm, chlorophyllosis, basilaribus internis subito multo majoribus, laxis, quadratis, fusco-aureis, ad marginem infimam anguste reetangularibus, omnibus laevissimis; iracteae perichaetvi foliis similes ; seta c. 4 mm alta, tenuis, strictiuscula, sicca dextrorsum torta, lutea, laevissima; theca erecta, minuta, breviter oblonga, leptodermis, sicca deoperculata plicatula, nitidula, pallide fusca;
95495: 4
144
BROTH ERLS.
operculum oblique rostratum, rostro tenue, thecam aequante; calyptra cucullata, operculum tantum obtegens.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Kabayan, Merrill 4993, on damp cliffs.
Species ob inflorescentiam autoicam a speciebus adhuc descriptis dignoscenda, sed speciei indescriptae, M. minutae Broth., e Himalaya valde affinis, unde nomen.
Merceya Bacanii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica; gracilis, caespitosa, caespitibus mollibus, densis, late extensis, viridibus, baud nitidis; caulis 1.5 cm vel paulum ultra altus, erectus, strictiusculus, basi fusco-radiculosus, densiuscule foliosus, simplex; folia sicca contracta, difiiciliter emollita, humida erecto-patentia, subcarinato- concava, apice planiuscula, spathulato-ligulata, rotundato-obtusa, c. 3 mm longa et c. 1 mm lata, marginibus basi anguste recurvis, dein erectis, integerrimis, nervo crassiusculo, superne multo tenuiore, infra summum apicem folii evanido, cellulis leptodermibus, subquadratis, 0.008-0.01 mm, chlorophyllosis, sublaevibus, marginem versus in seriebus pluribus multo minoribus, incrassatis, basilaribus' laxis, rectangularibus, inanibus, hyalinis vel aureis, secus nervus alte productis, ibidemque sensijn minoribus, marginalibus ad basin multo angustioribus. Caetera ignota.
Luzon,. Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15942 Bacani, on cliffs.
Species M. ligulatae (Spruce) Schimp. affinis, sed foliis latioribus cellulisque laxis secus nervum alte productis diversa.
ORTHOTRICHACEiE.
ANOECTANGIUM (Hedw.) Bryol. eur.
Anoectangium euchloron (Schwaegr.) Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, For. Bur. 15985 Bacani.
Area: Tropical America, Cameroon, and Java.
DESMOTHECA Lindb.
Desmotheca apiculata (Doz. & Molk.) Lindb.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7972 Ramos.
Area: Sumatra, Java, Amboina, and tile Philippines.
MACROM1TR1UM Brid.
Macromitrium Reinwardtii Schwaegr.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5150 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16431 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, Merrill 6398, 6400; on trees, altitude about 2,570 m.
Macromitrium Blumei Nees.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8188 Curran & Merritt.
Macromitrium sem ipellucidum Doz. & Molk.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao; Camp Iveithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Area: Java, Borneo, New Guinea.
Macromitrium subuligerum Bryol. jav.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
145
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Bur. Sci. 6213 Robinson. Min- doro, Alag River, Merrill 5688, on branches of trees along the river, altitude about 90 m.
Macromitrium sulcatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5506 Ramos; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16^2^ Curran, Merritt, & ZschokJce.
Macromitrium (Leiostoma) goniostomum Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; robustum, caespitosnm, caespitibus laxis, fuseescentibns, hand nitidis; caulis elongatus, repens, plus minusve fuseo-radiculosus, plus minusye dense ramosus, ramis erectis, 2-3 cm longis, dense foliosis, simplieibus vel superne dichotome ramulosis, obtusis; folia ramea sicca flexuoso-adpressa, hurnida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava, e basi oblonga lanceolato-acuminata, acuta, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, rarius summo apice minutissime serrulatis, nervo continuo vel breviter excedente, cellulis subrotundis, c. 0.01 mm, haud incrassatis, papilla acuta ornatis, chi orophyllosis, marginalibus minoribus, basilaribus elongatis yalde incrassatis, lurnine angustissimo, ad plicas eleyato-papillosis ; bracteae perichaetii longe et anguste acuminatae; seta 1-1.5 cm alta, sicca dex- trorsum torta, tenuis, rubra, laevissima; theca erecta, ovata, indistincte plicatula, nitidula, fusca, ore angustata, intensius colorata, distincte plicata; peristomium f; operculum e basi conica aciculare; calyptra nuda, junior summo apice parce pilosa. Planta mascula ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8697 McGregor, Bur. Sci. J/551 Mearns, altitude about 2,150 m; Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 6401 Merrill.
Species distinctissima, M. sulcato (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. habitu similis, sed foliorum cellulis multo majoribus thecaque ore angustata ibidemque distincte plicata facillime dignoscenda.
Macromitrium goniorhynchum (Doz. & Molk.) Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 2843a, 2852 Mearns.
SCHLOTHEIMIA Brid.
Schlotheimia Wallisii C. Mull.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5868 Ramos; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16397, 16414, 16415 Curran, Merritt, & ZschokJce, altitude 2518 to 2670 m, Bur. Sci. 8907 McGregor : Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5141 Ramos, For. Bur. 8191, 8200 Curran & Merritt: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6600 Robinson ,,
Area: Philippines.
FUNARIACEzE.
FUNARIA Schreb.
Funaria luzonensis Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4550, 4552 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8698 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m.
Funaria caivescens Schwaegr.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8704 McGregor; Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8911 McGregor ; Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5509 Ramos; Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5870 Ramos; Trinidad River, Bur. Sci. 5517 Ramos: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7309 Rarr\os. Mindoro, For. Bur. 11035 Merritt.
146
BROTHERUS.
BRYACE^E.
BRACHYMENIUM Schwaegr.
Brachymenium nepalense Hook.
Lozon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, For. Bur. 15090 Bacani ; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 161/32 Curran, Merritt, & Zscholcke.
Brachymenium exile (Doz. & Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5866a Ramos.
Area : Himalaya, Nilghiri, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, and Formosa.
POHLIA Hedw.
Pohlia scabridens (Mitt.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5501 Ramos.
Area: Japan and Formosa.
Pohlia elongata (Hedw.)
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 1/551/ M earns, altitude about
2,100 m.
Area: Europe, Algeria, Kilamandjaro, Kerguelen, Caucasas, Himalaya, Yun- nan, Amur, Japan, and' North America.
Pohlia leptocarpa (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8685, 8100 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m.
Area: Java and Borneo.
ANOMOBRYUM Schimp.
Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustiusculum, caespitosurri, caespitibus laxiusculis, molli- bus, pallide viridibus, nitidis; caulis usque ad 3.5 cm longus, erectus, flexuosulus, infima basi fuseo-radieulosus, densiuscule foliosus, simplex, in axillis foliorum saepe gemmula numerosa, obovata, microphyllina gerens ; folia imbricata, cocblearif ormi-concava, oblongo-laneeolata, acuta, marginibus erectis, summo apice minutissime serrulatis, nervo tenui con- tinue vel subeontinuo, cellulis teneris, elongate rhomboideo-hexagonis (c. 1X10), basilaribus laxior-ibus et brevioribus. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, For. Bur. 15986 Bacani.
Species foliorum forma et struetura gemmulisque microphyllinis distinctissima.
Anomobryum uncinifolium Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; gracillimum, aliis muscis immixtum, rigidum, lutescenti- viride, haud nitidum ; caulis c. 1 cm altus, erectus, flexuosus, basi fusco- radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel apice innovationibus binis, erectis, 3-4 mm longis praeditus; folia arete imbricata, apice unum latus versus spectantia ideoque ibidem uncinatul'a, late ovata, obtusiuscula, marginibus erectis, superne crenulatis, nervo crasso, infra apicem folii evanido, cellulis rhombeis, valde incrassatis, lumine ovali, basilaribus breviter rectangularibus vel subquadratis, haud incrassatis; bracteae perichaetii
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
147
intimae e basi alte et late vaginante subito in subulam brevem, integram, obtusiusculani contracta, nervo tenuiore. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16^11 ex p. Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, in the open pine region, altitude about 1,900 m.
Species curiosissima, forsan typus novi generis.
Anomobryum cymbifolium (Lindb.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. J/oJfi Mearns, altitude about
>2,100 m.
Area : Himalaya, Ivhasia, Coorg, Java, Amboina, and the Philippines.
BRYUM Dill., Schimp.
Bryum ( Areodictyon) diversifolium Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; caespitosum, caespitibns densis, mollibus, pallide lutescenti- viridibus, nitidis; caulis vix ultra 1 cm altus, erectus, fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, superne innovationibus c. 5 mm longis, erectis dense et aequaliter foliosis, obtusis; folia caulina sicca suberecta, humida erecto- patentia, concava, elongate oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, acuta vel raptim apiculata, marginibus erectis, integris vel subintegris, nervo tenuissimo, rubro, infra summum apicem folii evanido vel brevissime excederite, cellulis teneris, elongate hexagonis, inanibus, basilaribus majoribus, marginalibus angustissimis, limbum uniseriatum efformantibus ; innova- tionum erectiora, minora, obtusa vel apiculata; bracteae perichaetii foliis similes; seta c. 2 cm alta., tenuissima, flexuosula, rubra; theca inclinatula, asymmetrica, collo corrugato, sporangio oblongo subaequante, sicca sub ore haud constricta, leptodermis, pallide fusca, aetate fusca, nitidula.' Caetera ignota.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, near Bontoc, For. Bur. 16556 Curran & Merritt.
Species B. compressidenti G. Mull, affinis, sed foliorum forma longe diversa.
Bryum argenteum L.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. J/J/83 Mearns ; Trinidad River, Bur. Sci. 5511 ex p. Ramos.
Bryum e rectum Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Kabayan, For. Bur. 15988 Bacani: District of Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 1012 Ramos.
Bryum coronatum Schwaegr.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9109 Whitford & Hutchinson.
Bryum ambiguum Dub.
Mindobo, For. Bur. 1211f0 Merritt. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao, For. Bur. 1519 Curran.
Bryum (Trichophora) rubrolimbatum Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; caespitosum, caespitibus laxiusculis, mollibus, pallide viridi- bus, haud nitidis; caulis vix ultra 1 cm altus, erectus, inferne fusco- tomentosus, dense foliosus, innovationibus brevibus; folia sicca contracta, plus minusve distincte spiraliter contorta, humida patula, planiuscula
148
BROTHERL'S.
vel carinato-concava, spathulato-obovata, breviter acuminata, acuta, aris- tata, c. 3 mm longa et e. 1.3 mm lata, marginibus e basi ultra medium plus minusve distincte revolutis, superne minute serrulatis, limbata, nervo basi crassiusculo, dein multo tenuiore, in aristam brevem strictiusculam, rubram excedente vel infra summum apicem folii evanido, cellulis laxis, oblongo-hexagonis, chlorophyllosis, basilaribus elongate rectangularibus, marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum biseriatum, rubrum efforman- tibus ; bracteae perichaetii minores et angustiores, longius aristatae; seta 2-4 cm alta, flexuosula, tenuis, rubra ;* tlieca subhorizontalis, clavato-pyriformis, c. 4 mm longa et c. 1 mm crassa, sicca deoperculata sub ore hand constricta, fuscescenti-rubra, haud nitida; exostomii dentes rufescentes, lineari-lanceolata, hyalino-limbata, densissime striolata, apice liyaiina, papillosa, dense lamellata; endostomium sordide luteum, papillo- sum; corona basilaris ultra medium dentium producta; processus late lanceolati, late perforati; cilia tema, longe appendiculata; spori c. 0.007 mm, papillosi ; operculum convexum, obtuse apiculatum.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8702 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m, on earth.
Species ex affinitate B. capillaris L ., sed foliis rubrolimbatis jam dignoscenda.
Bryum ramosum (Kook.) Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, ■-For. Bur. 16398 Curran, Merritt, dc Zschokke.
Area : Nepal, Nilghiri, Coorg, Ceylon, Java, and Formosa.
RHODOBRYUM (Schimp.) Hamp.
Rhodobryum Curranii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, saturate viri- dibus, inferne fuscescentibus, haud nitidis; caulis 2-3 cm altus, erectus, flexuosus, inferne fusco-tomentosus, superne dense et subaequaliter foliosus, simplex; folia sicca contracta, humida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava vel planiuscula, e basi brevissime spathulata ovalia, breviter aristata, mar- ginibus erectis vel infima basi angustissime recurvis, e medio ad apicem argute serrata, nervo crassiusculo, superne multo teuniore, in aristam brevem excedente, cellulis stereideis nullis praedito, cellulis ovali-hexagonis, superioribus c. 0.05 mm longis et 0.02-0.025 mm latis, chlorophyllosis, marginalibus longioribus et angustioribus limbum 1-2 seriatum eff or- mantibus, basilaribus breviter rectangularibus. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15635 Curran.
Species B. olivaceo (Hamp.) Broth, affinis, sed foliorum forma limboque angustissimo dignoscenda.
Rhodobryum giganteum (Hook.) Schimp.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount San Cristobal, Copeland: Province of Ben- guet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8677 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m.
Area: Nepal, Sikkim, Khasia, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, China, Japan, Hawaii, and Bourbon.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
149
MNIACEiE.
MNIUM (Dill.) Linn.
Mnium rostratum Schrad.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For, Bur. 16394, 16402 Curran, Merritt, d Zschoklce, altitude about 2,660 m: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Bur. Sci. 5965 Ramos.
RHIZOGONIACEzE.
HYMENODON Hook. f. & Wils.
Hymenodon sericeus (Doz. & Molk.) C. Miill.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16404 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce.
Area: Java arid Borneo.
RHIZOGONIUM Brid.
Rhizogonium spiniforme (L.) Bruch.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7308 Ramos: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5143 Ramos, For. Bur. 8160 Curran & Merritt: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 7518 Curran, Merrill 6280 : Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6367 Robinson: Province of Tayabas, Mount Ba- najao. For. Bur. 7997 Curran & Merritt ; Mount Malaraya, For. Bur. 7775 Curran & Merritt: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8683 McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9978 Merritt. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
BARTRAMIACEiE.
LEIOMELA (Mitt. )_ Broth.
Leiomela javanica (Ren. & Card.). Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8909 McGregor.
Area : Java.
PHILONOTIS Brid.
Philonotis Wallisii (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 10041 bis Curran.
Area: Philippines.
Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, For. Bur. 15984 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 5927 Ramos.
BREUTELI A Schimp.
Breutelia Merrillii Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16406 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke.
Breutelia arundinifolia (Dub.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland s. n.
150
BROTHERUS.
POLYTRICHACE^E.
PSEUDORACELOPUS Broth, gen. nov.
Pseudoracelopus phil ippinensis Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicus ; gracilis, gregarie crescens^, sordide viridis, hand nitidus ; caulis fasciculo centrali majusculo praeditus, usque ad 1 cm vel paulum ultra altus, erectus, basi fusco-radiculosus, deusiuscule foliosus, simplex; folia infima minuta, superiora rnulto majora, sicca incurva, humida ereeto- patentia, canalieulato-eoncava, e basi brevi, vix latiore oblonga vel oblongo- ligulata, obtugiuscula vel obtusa; unistratosa, margiiiibus in parte superiore laminae obtuse serrulatis, lamellis nullis, nervo crassiusculo, infra summum apicem folii evanido, dorso laevi, fasciculo dorsali et ven'trali stereidearum bene evoluto, cellulis laminalibus laxiusculis, collenehym'atice incrassatis, superioribus lurnine subrotundo vel irregulariter angulato, c. 0.025 mm, chlorophyllosis, basilaribus teneris, rectangularibus, parce chlorophyllosis ; seta terminalis, 1.5-2 cm alta, flexuosula, fuscescenti-lutea, ubique papil- losa, sicca apice dextrorsum torta ; theca erecta vel inclinatula, paulum asymmetrica, breviter oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, brevicollis, sicca nia- crostoma, sub ore constricta, laevis; stomata nulla; exostomii dentes in membrana liumili lineares obtusi, c. 0.15 mm longi, rufescentes, anguste hyalino-limbati ; spori 0.005 mm, lutescenti-virides, laevissimi;* operculum convexum, late et obtuse, mammillatum; calyptra albida, pilosa, thecam totam obtegens. Plantula mas'cula ignota.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, on earth, Bur. Sci. 1512, 1516 Ramos.
Genus insigne, inter Racelopus Doz. & Molk. et Pogonatum Brid. ponendum, ab hon foliis lamellis omnino destitutis setaque papillosa, ab illo foliorum struetura dignoseendum.
POGONATUM Palis.
Pogonatum albo-marg inatum (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 28^9 Mearns, For. Bur. 15631 Curran ; Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5513, 5811 Ramos: Baguio, Bur. Sci. 8304 McGregor, Cope- land; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 161/09 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce, pine slopes, altitude 1730 to 2,000 m; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8681, 8693, 8696 McGregor : Province of Nueva Viscaya, Bur. Sci. 8219 Ramos: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8201 Curran & Merritt: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 1316 Ramos.
Pogonatum microstomum R. Br.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16 1/1 1 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce, grassy slopes, altitude about 1,900 m, Bur. Sci. 8908 McGregor ; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8681 ex p. McGregor, altitude about 2,100 m.
Pogonatum Warburgii C. Mull.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8116 Curran <£• Merritt: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Bur. Sci. 5951 ex p. Ramos.
Area: Philippines.
Pogonatum spurio-cirratum Broth, sp. nov.
Pogonatum cirratum Broth, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 22, nec. P. cirratum (Sw. ) Brid.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
151
Dioicum; sat gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, rigidis, fuscescenti- viridibus, apice obscure viridibus, vix nitidiusculis • caulis usque ad 11 cm altus, erectus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, laxe foliosus, plerumque simplex, raro apice furcatus; folia infima minuta, squamaef ormia, ■ dein sensim multo majors, sicca laxe circinato-incurva, marginibus involutis, humida canaliculato-concava, e basi semivaginante, breviter ovali, sensim lineari-lanceolata, acutiuscula, marginibus. in parte vaginali integris, in lamina parte infima excepta dense serratis, lamina lamellis densis, ab uno .strato (2-5) eellularum subaequalium constructis obtecta, nervo crasso, subexcurrente, superne dorso spinoso-serrato, cellulis laminalibus minutis, incrassatis, quadratis, e. 0.01 mm, vaginalibus teneris, elongate rectangu- laribus marginalibus multo brevioribus, subin'crassatis, seta terminalis vel caulis innovatione pseudo-lateralis, 2. 5-3. 5 cm alta, flexuosula, rubra, nitidiuscula ; theca erecta vel suberecta, oblongo-cjlindrica, sicca macros- toma et infra orificium paulum contracta, haud plicata, f usco-viridis ; exostomii dentes sicci incurvi c. 0.2 mm alti, hyalini, medio rufescentes; spori 0.005-0.007 mm, olivacei, laevissimi; operculum e basi convexa conico-acuminatum ; calyptra pallida, pilosa, thecam totam obtegens. Planta maseula ignota.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill J/-908, altitude about 2,120 m: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. f/557 M earns, Bur. Sci. 8688 McGregor, , altitude about 2,100 m; Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5505 Ramos ; Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 6396 Merrill, For. Bur. 16393, 161tl2 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, altitude 2,000 in, Copeland, Bur. Sci. 6562 Robinson, For. Bur. 7992 Curran & Merritt.
Species a me prius cum P. cirrato (Sw.) Brid. commutata, sed foliis in parte vaginali integris setaque breviore dignoscenda.
Pogonatum Wallisii (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Batan, Bur. Sci. 5921f Ramos.
Area: Philippines.
CRYPHAEACEiE.
PILOTRICHOPSIS Besch.
Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8906 McGregor.
Area: Japan and Formosa.
SPIRIDENTACEiE.
SPIRIDENS Nees.
Spiridens Reinwardtii Nees.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5516 Ramos: Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8679 McGregor, Bur. Sci. Jfl/36 Mearns, altitude about 2,100 m: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16011f Bacani, altitude about 2,100 m: Province of Cagayan, Caua Volcano, Clark s. n. Leyte, central divide, altitude about 1,150 m, For. Bur. 16915 Rosenbluth.
152
BROTHERUS.
MYURIACE^E.
MYURIUM Schimp.
Myurium Foxworthyi (Broth.) Broth, comb. nov. .
Oedicladium Foxworthyi Broth, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 23.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6608 Robinson, altitude 2,000 m.
NECKERACEzE.
PTEROBRYELLA (C. Mull.) C. Mull.
Pterobryella longifrons (C. Mull.) C. Mull.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland s. n., Bur. Sci. 6592 Robinson, For. Bur. 7 985 Curran & Merritt.
TRACHYLOMA Brid.
Trachyloma tahitense Besch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16427 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoJcJce.
Area: Ceylon, Java, and Tahiti.
ENDOTRICHELLA C. Mull.
Endotrichella elegans (Doz. & Molk.) C. Mull.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Mount Iraya, Bur. Sci. 3862 Fenix. Luzon, Prov- ince of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5140 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8905 McGregor.
GAROVAGLIA Endl.
Garovaglia plicata (Nees) Endl.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Area: Sikkim, Sumatra, Java, and Ceram.
PTEROBRYOPSIS Fleisch.
Pterobryopsis ( Pterobryodendron ) Clemensiae Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica; robusta, lutescenti-viridis, nitidiuscula ; caulis secundarius cum ramis c. 6 cm alias, stipitatus, stipite 1-2 cm alto, foliis squamaeformibus plerumque destructis obtecto, superne dendroideo-ramosus, ramis erecto- patentibus vel suberectis, usque ad 4 cm longis et 5-6 mm crassis, strictius- eulis, dense et turgide foliosis, parce ramulosis, obtusis vel breviter flagel- liformiter attenuatis ibidemque corpusculis numerosissimis, pluricellular- ibus praeditus; folia ramea erecto-patentia, cochlearifoxmi-concava, oblonga, subito in subulam c. 0.6 mm longam, strictiusculam, angustam attenuata, marginibus superne conniventibus, integerrimis, enervia, cel- lulis anguste linearibus, basilaribus infimis laxioribus, inter se porosis, aureis, alaribus sat numerosis; subquadrato-hexagonis, fusco-aureis, omni- bus laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens “P.”
Species pulcherrima, a speciebus caeteris sectionis foliis enerviis dignoseenda.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
153
SYMPHYSODON Fleiscl).
Symphysodon subneckeroides Broth.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs, Clemens “Q.”
Area: Negros.
METEORIUM Doz. & Molk., Fleiseh.
Meteorium Miquelianum (C. Miill.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8910 McGregor.
Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Ternate, Halmaheira, Batjan, Sum- bawa, Japan, and New Guinea.
Meteorium helminthocladum (C. Mull.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Merrill 6397 ; Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m. Bur. Sci. 8691 McGregor , Merrill 6671.
Area: China, Japan, and Formosa.
AEROBRYOPSIS Fleiseh.
Aerobryopsis longissima (Doz. & Molk.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6674, altitude about 2,100 m.
Area; Malay Archipelago to New Guinea.
Var. Dozyana (C. Mull.) Fleiseh.
Luzon,. Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6337 Robinson.
Area : Java.
FLOR I BU N DARI A C. Mull.
Floribundaria floribunda (Doz. & Molk.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16419 Curran, Merritt, cG Zschokke.
Area: Widely distributed in southern and eastern Asia, extending to New Guinea and Polynesia.
BAR BELLA (C. Miill.) Fleiseh.
Barbella pendula (Sull.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6672. ,
Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Formosa, China, Japan, and North America.
METEORIOPSIS Fleiseh.
Meteoriopsis reclinata (C. Miill.) Fleiseh.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5510 ex p. Ramos.
Area: Sikkim, Nilghiri, Coorg, Java, Celebes, Formosa, and the Philippines.
CH R YSOCLADI U M Fleiseh.
Chrysocladium rufifolioides Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; sat gracile, 'pendulum, fusco-aureum, haud nitidum; caulis secundarius usque ad 12 cm longus, dense subpinnatim ramosus, ramis elongatis, complanatis, dense foliosis, attenuatis, simplicibus vel irregul- ariter ramulosis; folia ramea disticha, patula, e basi breviter decurrente, cordato-ovata lanceolato-subulata, longe pilifera, marginibus basi uno latere inflexis, ubique argute serrulatis, nervo tenui, lutescente, ultra medium folii evanido, eellulis elongate rhomboideis, papillosis, basilaribus
154
BROTHERUS.
elongatis," incr&ssatis, laevibus, alaribus paucis, quadratis, fusco-aureis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8914 McGregor.
Species C. rufifolio (Mitt.) habitu valde similis, sed foliis distinctius papillosis, cellulisque basilaribus elongatis, incrassatis dignoscenda.
TRACHYPUS Reinw., Pleisch.
Trachypus subbicolor C. Miill.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6679: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16013 Bacani.
TRACHYPODOPSIS Fleisch.
Trachypodopsis crispatula (Hook.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 3386 M earns; Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m. Bur. Sci. 8690 McGregor.
Area : Sikkim, Bhotan, Nepal, Khasia, Yunnan, Ceylon, Andamans, and Hal- maheira.
PSEU DOS PI RIDENTOPSIS (Broth.) Fleisch.
Pseudospiridentopsis horrida (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur: 8195 Curran & Merritt.
Area: Bhotan and Formosa.
CALYPTOTHECIUM Mitt.
Calyptotheci um tumidum (Dicks.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5510 Ramos.
Area: Nepal, Madras, Coorg, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Sumbawa, Ceram, Saparoea, New Guinea, and the Philippines.
Calyptothecium MacGregorii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum ; robustulum, pallide viride, nitidum ; caulis secundarius usque ad 16 cm longus, pendulus, flexuosus, laxiuscule foliosus, dense vel remote et irregulariter pinnatus, ramis patulis, vix ultra 3 cm longis, complan- atulis, laxiuscule foliosis, obtusis; folia caulina patentia, asymmetrica, concava, superne undulata, oblongo-ligulata, late et breviter acuminata, saepe apiculata, marginibus erectis, apice minutissime serrulatis, nervo simplici, tenui, vix ultra medium f olii producto, cellulis angustissimis, flexuosulis, basilaribus laxioribus, inter se porosis, infimis laxis, plerumque f usco-aureis ; bracteae perichaetvi internae ereetae, elongatae, e basi longe vaginante sensim lanceolato-subulatae, integrae, nervo simplici, ad basin subulae evanido; seta vix ultra 0.5 mm alta, stricta; theca erecta, ovalis, fusca.. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8913 McGregor. .
Species praecedenti habitu similis, sed foliorum forma facillime dignoscenda.
NECKEROPSIS Reichdt.
Neckeropsis crinita (Griff.) Fleisch. '
Feckera crinita Griff.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5284 McGregor.
Area: Assam, Ceylon, and Tonkin.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
155
Neckeropsis Lepineana (Mont.) Fleisch.
Neckera Lepineana Mont.
Ltjzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 3387 M earns. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keitliley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Neckeropsis gracilenta (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.
'Neckera gracilenta Bryol. jav.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Area: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Ceram, Celebes, and New Guinea.
HIMANTHOCLADIUM (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Himanthocladium loriforme (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.
Neckera loriformis Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 2856 Mearns.
Area: Java, Ceram, Banca, Celebes, New Guinea, and the Philippines.
HOMALIODENDRON Fleisch.
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Dicks.) Fleisch.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3864 Fenix. Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16019 Bacani, altitude about 2,200 m.
Area: Nilghiri, Coorg, Ceylon, Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Ternate, Halmaheira, Saparoea, Borneo, Japan, and New Guinea.
Homaliodendron scalpellifolium (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, altitude 2,000 m, Bur. Sci. 6598 Robinson.
Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Amboina, Ternate, Ceram, Halmaheira, Sa- paroea, Borneo, Tonkin, Philippines, and Japan.
ENTODONTACEiE.
CLASTOBRYUM Doz. & Molk.
Ciastobryum ( Pseudosymphyodon ) robustum Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis ; cautis elongates, repens, fusco-radiculosus, laxiuscule foliosus, dense pinnatim ramosus, ramis plerumque usque ad 1.5 cm longis, adscen- dentibus, laxiuscule foliosis, sensim attenuatis, flagella brevi terminatis, superne corpusculis numerosis, flliformibus, multicellularibus, fuscis, fasciculatim eonfertis praeditis, rarius brevioribus, obtusis ; folia erecto- patentia, ■ breviter decurrentia, concava, oblongo-lanceolata, anguste acum- inata, marginibus ubique anguste recurvis, superne minute serrulatis, nervis binis, brevibus, cellulis anguste linearibus, basilaribus infimis laxioribus, alaribus numerosis, laxis, quadratis vel rotundato-bexagonis, in parte decurrente rectangularibus, hjalinis vel aureis, omnibus laevis- simis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 8912 McGregor.
Species statura robusta a congenei'ibus prima fronte jam dignoscenda.
CAM PYLODONTIU M Doz. & Molk.
Campylodontium flavescens (Hook.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bugias, For. Bur. 15987 Bacani.
156
BROTHERUS.
ER YTH RODONTI U M Hamp.
Erythrodontium julaceum (Hook.) Par.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Lutab to Kabayan, Bur. Sci. 8790 McQregor.
Area: Nilghiri, Mysore, Nepal, Sikkim, Khasia, Assam, Tonkin, and Yunnan.
STEREOPHYLLUM Mitt.
Stereophyllum anceps (Bryol. jav.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5265 McGregor.
FABRONIACEiE.
MERRILLIOBRYUM Broth.
Merrilliobryum philippinense Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16432 ex p. Curran , Merritt, <C- Zschokke.
HOOKERIACEzE.
DALTON I A Hook. & Tayl.
Dalton ia revoluta Broth, sp. nov.
Autoica ; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus parvis, multibus, lutescenti- viridibus, haud nitidis ; caulis vix ultra 1 cm altus, suberectus, fusco- radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel superne ramis brevibus, erectis, praeditus ; folia sicca laxe adpressa, comalia saepe contorta, humida suberecta, e basi oblonga lanceolato-lingulata, breviter subulata, margi'n- ibns usque ad apicem revolutis, integerrimis, limbata, nervo tenui, longe infra apicem folii evanido, cellulis pellucidis, haxagono-ovalibus, teneris, basin versus multo majoribus et longioribus, marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum lutescentem, usque ad 5-seriatum etformantibus ; seta vix ultra 1 cm alta, flexuosula, tenuissima, rubra, sublaevis; theca erecta vel suberecta, ovalis, minuta, brevicollis, atropurpurea ; operculum luteum, e basi convexo-conica longe subulatum.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 161i05 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoJcke.
Species D. angustifoliae Doz. & Molk. afiinis, sed foliorum forma dignoscenda.
DISTICHOPHYLLUM Doz. & Molk.
Distichophyllum Mittenii Bryol. jav.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Mount Iraya, Bur. Sci. 3854 Fenix.
Area : Ceylon, Java, Formosa, and New Caledonia.
HOOKERIOPSIS (Besch.) Jaeg.
Hookeriopsis geminidens Broth, sp. nov.
Species purpurascens, pulcherrima, II. uticamundianae (Mont.) Broth, habitu foliorumque forma et areolatione valde similis, sed foliis superne subciliato-dentatis, dentibus saepe geminatis nec non inflorescentia ut videtur dioica dignoscenda.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15929 Bacani.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
157
CALLICOSTELLA (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Call icostella papillata (Mont.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7573 Ramos.
HYPOPTERYGIACE^E,
LOPIDIUM Hook. f. & Wils.
Lopidium javanicum Hamp.
Hypopterygium Struthiopteris Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8701 M cGregor.
Area: Nilghiri, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Batjan, and New Guinea.
LESKEACEiE.
DUTH I ELLA C. Mull.
Duthiella complanata Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica ; robusta, fuscescenti-viridis, hand nitida; caules secundarii num- erosi, flexuosi, dense foliosi, snperne pinnatim vel subdendroideo-ramosi, ramis complanatis, dense foliosis, brevibns, simplieibus vel longioribns, pins minusve ramnlosis; folia sicca laxe adpressa, indistincte plicata, hnmida erecto-patentia, concaviuscula, e basi ovato-lanceolata sensim lanceolato- linearia, acuta, acumine saepe semitorto, marginalibus erectis, nndulatis, interne minute, snperne argute et inaeqnaliter serratis, nervo crassinscnlb, infra apicem folii evanido, cellulis anguste. angulato-ellipticis, plerumque uni- vel pluripapillosis, obscuris, basin versus sensim longioribus, alaribus sat numerosis, laxe hexagono-ovalibus, marginalibus elongatis, laevissimis, limbum uniseriatum efiormantibus ; bracteae perichaetii e basi vaginante abrupte in acumen longissimum, reflexum, loriforme, serrulatum attenua- tae, obsoletinerves, cellulis omnibus elongatis, laevissimis; seta 2.5 cm alta, laevissima ; theca horizontalis, asymmetrica, oblongo-cylindrica, sicca deoperculata, curvatula, fusca, laevis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Province of .Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8680, 8706 McGregor.
Species D. Wallichii (Hook.) C. Mull, affinis, sed statura rubustiore ramisque complanatis oculo nudo jam dignoscenda.
PELEKIUM Mitt.
Pelekium velatum Mitt.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 12298 Curran: Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6315.
THUIDIUM Bryol. eur.
Thuidium Meyenianum (Hamp.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8689 McGregor. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9085 Whit- ford & Hutchinson.
Area: Java, Saparoea, Banca, and the Philippines.
158
BROTHERUS.
Thuidium casuarinum (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5497 Ramos, Mount Pulog, altitude about 2,600 m, For. Bur. 16403 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8676 McGregor.
Area: Philippines.
Thuidium plumulosum (Doz. & Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6319 ex p.
HYPNACEiE.
MAC ROTH AM N I U M Pleisch.
Macrothamn ium macrocarpum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, altitude about 2,000 m, Bur. Sci. 6596 Robinson, Copeland s. n. : District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Bur. Sci. 5966 Ramos, For. Bur. 16017 Bacani.
LEPTOHYMENIUM Schwaegr.
Leptohymenium tenue (Hook.) Schwaegr.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, on trees, altitude about 2,100 m, For. Bur. 16425, 16426 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke.
Area: Himalaya, Nepal, Bhotan, Ivhasia, and Burma.
ECTROPOTH EC1 U M Mitt.
Ectropothecium assimile Broth, sp. nov.
Autoicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, albescent- ibus, nitidis ; caulis elongatns, repens, per totam longitudinem fascicnlatim fnsco-radicnlosus, dense subpinnatim ramosus, ramis et ramulis valde complanatis, cnm foliis usque ad 1.5 mm latis, dense foliosis, obtusis; folia disticha, concava, patentia, asymmetrica, ovato-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, marginibus erectis, minutissime serrulatis, brevissime binervia, eellulis angustissime linearibus, alaribus paucis, quadratis, hyalinis, omni- bus laevissimis ; bracteae perichaetii intimae e basi lato raptim lanceolato- subulatae, filif ormi-acuminatae, apiee minutissime serrulatae ; seta 12 mm, tenuissima, flexuosula, rubra, laevissima ; theca horizontalis, minuta, ovalis, sicca deoperculata sub ore paulum constricta, fusco-rubra; oper- culum e basi convexa alte apiculatum.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6316.
Species E. monumentorum (Dub.) Jaeg. valde affinis, sed foliis paulum laxius reticulatis thecaque majore dignoscenda.
Ectropothecium micropyxis Broth, sp. nov.
Autoicum; gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus mollibus, densiusculis, depressis, lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis elongatus, repens, flexuosus, per totam longitudinem fasciculatim fusco-radiculosus, densiuscule foliosus, pinnatim ramosus, ramis vix ultra 5 mm longis, patulis, com- planatulis, simplicibus, obtusis; folia caulina falcatula, concaviuscula, e basi breviter decurrente, ,ovata subito lanceolato-subulata, filiformi-
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
159
acuminata, marginibus erectis, integris, brevissime binervia vel enervia, cellnlis breviter linearibus, laevissimis, ramea brevins acuminata, summo apice serrulata ; hracteae perichaetii internae erectae, e basi semivaginante sensim lanceolato-subulatae, filiformi-acuminatae, integrae; seta c. 7 mm, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima ; theca minutissima, subnutans, ovalis, sicca deoperculata, sub ore constricta, eellulis prominentibus grosse mammillosa, atropurpurea ; operculum e basi convexo apiculatum, grosse mammillosum.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6318 ex p. : Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15768 ex p. Curran & Merritt.
Species foliis filiformi-acuminatis nec non theca minutissima, grosse mam- millosa facillime dignoscenda.
Ectropothecium callichroides (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 6480 Robinson.
Area: Philippines.
Ectropothecium luzoniae (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6318 ex p. : Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15768 ex p. Curran & Merritt.
Area: Philippines.
STEREODON (Brid.) Mitt.
Stereodon deflexifolius (Mitt.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 4558 M earns: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16015 Bacani.
Area: Sikkim and Bhotan.
TRISMEGISTIA (C. Mull.) Broth.
Trismegistia lancifolia (C. Miill.) Broth.
Acanthocladmm lancifolium Broth, in Philip. Joum. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 342.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6320, 6356 Robinson. Ne- geos, Cadiz, Bur. Soi. 7360 Gelestvno.
Trismegistia Korthalsii (C. Miill.)
Acanthocladium Korthalsii Broth. 1. c.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 6623 Robinson.
ACANTHOCLADIUM Mitt.
Acanthocladium Robinsonii Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; sat gracile, pallide viride, nitidum; caulis repens, dense fusco-radiculosus, dense ramosus, ramis usque ad 3 cm longis, densiuscule foliosis, complanatis, breviter cuspidatis, irregulariter pinnatim ramulosis, ramulis patentibus, valde complanatis, vix ultra 1 cm longis, obtusis; folia ramea erecto-patentia, concaviuscula, e basi ovali sensim lanceolato- subulata, marginibus erectis, superne serrulatis, nervo 0, eellulis angustis- sime linearibus, laevissimis, basilaribus brevioribus et laxioribus, inter se porosis, infimis aureis, alaribus c. 6, laxis, oblongis, fusco-aureis ; folia ramulina minora et angustiora, brevius et latius acuminata, argutius serrulata; hracteae perichaetii internae erecto-patentes, late ovato-lanceo- latae, longissime loriformi-subulatae, superne argute serrulatae, eellulis
95495 5
160
BIIOTHERL’S.
basilaribus laxis, teneris; seta 4.5 cm alta, tenuissima, flexuosula, rubra, laevissima; theca inclinata v'el ob setam apice late arcuatum pendula, asymmetrica, ovalis, brevicollis, sicca curvatula et infra orificium con- strictula, atro-purpurea, haud nitida; operculum breviter conicum, obtusum, apiculatum. Planta mascula ignota.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, on trees, altitude about 1,800 m, Bur. Sci. 6566 Robinson.
Species pulcherrima, babitu A. extenuato (Brid.) Mitt, similis, sed foliorum forma et structura aliisque notis diversissima.
ISOPTERYGIUM Mitt.
Isopterygium albescens (Schwaegr.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 55Uf Ramos.
PLAGIOTH ECI U M Bryol. eur.
Plagiothecium Miquelii (Bryol. jav.) Brotb.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Claveria, Bur. Sci. 7579 Ramos.
Area : Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Banca, and Borneo.
Plagiothecium neckeroideum Bryol. eur.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, in forests, altitude about 2,600 m, For. Bur. 16382 Curran, Merritt, d ZschoJclce.
Area: Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Switzerland, Himalaya, and Japan.
TAXITHELIUM Spruce.
Taxithelium papillatum (Harv.) Brotb.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 5139 Ramos: Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7577 Ramos. Negros, Cadiz, Bur. Sci. 7359 Celestiiw. •
Taxithelium (Oligostigma) spurio-subtile Broth, sp. nov.
Autoicum ; tenerrimum, caespitosum, caespitibus densissirais, mollibus, lutescentibus, vix nitidiusculis ; caulis repens, fusco-radiculosus, densis- sime ramosus, ramis suberectis, complanatulis, brevibus, densiuscule foli- osis, vix attenuatis ; folia sicca laxe adpressa, liumida erecto-patentia, concava, e basi constricta ovata, abrupte plus minusve longe subulato- acuminata, marginibus erectis, serrulatis, enervia, eellulis angulato- oblongis vel sublinearibus, haud incrassatis, dorso papilla singula, elevata, media ornatis, basilaribus infimis abbreviatis, saepe aureis, alaribus vix distinctis ; bracteae perichaetii internae erectae, oblongo-laneeolatae, sensim subfiliformiter attenuatae, subula seryulata, eellulis elongatis, laevibus; seta c. 1.5 cm alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima; theca inclinata, e collo brevi breviter oblonga, sicca deoperculata sub ore haud constricta, fusca, laevis ; operculum e basi conica breviter rostratum.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 16016 Bacani.
Species T. subtili (Card.) Brotb. valde affinis, sed colore eellulisque foliorum baud incrassatis jam dignoscenda.
BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES.
161
SEMATOPHYLLACEzE.
SEMATOPHYLLUM Mitt.
Sematophyllum alto-pungens (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, on trees, altitude about 2,000 in. Bur. Sci. 6557 , 6601 Robinson.
Sematophyllum falcifolium Fleisch.
Mindoro, Mount Haleon, Merrill 5705.
Area: Java.
TRICHOSTELEUM T(Mitt.) Jaeg.
Trichosteleum hamatum (Doz. & Molk.) Jaeg.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
Trichosteleum cylindricum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8707 McGregor.
Trichosteleum Bosch ii (Doz. & Molk.) Jaeg.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9282 Whitford & Hutchinson. Area: Siam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Banca.
BRACHYTHECIACEiE.
OXYRRHYNCHIUM (Bryol. eur.) Warnst.
Oxyrrhynchium Mulleri (Bryol, jav.) Broth.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6673, altitude about 2,100 m. Area: Java and Sumatra.
RHACOPILACEzE.
RHACOPILUM Palis.
Rhacopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5869 Ramop. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.
HYPNODENDRACEzE:
HYPNODENDRON (C. Miill.) Lindb.
Hypnodendron formosicum Card.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m. Bur. Sci. 8681 McGregor.
Area: Formosa.
Hypnodendron Reinwardtii (Hornsch.) Lindb.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8186 Curran iG Merritt.
forma breviseta Broth.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Mount Iraya, Bur. Sci. 3849 Fenix.
Luzon, Province of Laguna,, Mount Banajao, altitude about 2,000 m, Bur. Sci. 6599 Robinson.
162
BROTHERUS.
MNIODENDRON Lindb.
Mniodendron divaricatum (Hornsch. & Reinw.) Lindb.
Luzon, Province of Z'ambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 816 h, 8190 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 51Jf2 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 7987 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 6602 Robinson: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7313 Ramos.
FUNGI PHILIPPINENSES.
Auctoribus H. et P. Sydow. ( Berlin , Germany.)
BASIDIOMYCETES.
Guepinia ramosa Curr. Ind. Fung. 127, t. 21, f. 2, 3.
Hab. ad corticem, Luzon, Prov. Cagayan, For. Bur. 16824 Curran, Mar., 1909 : Prov. Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5258 McGregor, Sept., 1908.
Cyathus Poeppigii Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (1844).
Hab. ad terrain, Manila, Merrill 6685, Jul., 1909, Bur. Sci. 5285 McGregor.
SjSTILAGINEiE.
Ustilago tonglinensis Tracy & Earle in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22 (1895) 175.
Hab. in ovariis Ischaemi aristati, Luzon, Prov. Bizal, San Juan del Monte, Merrill 6230, Jun., 1908.
PHYCOMYCETES.
Synchytrium aecidioides (Peck) Lagh.
Hab. in foliis Dolichi spec., Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6540 Robinson, Jan., 1909.
fpEDINEzE.
* Puccinia mesomorpha Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 36.
Hab. in foliis Hypoestis spec., Luzon, Prov. . Bataan, monte Mariveles, Merrill 6286, Dec., 1908.
Puccinia (?) Convolvuli (Pers.) Cast. Obs. 1 (1843) 16.
Hab. in foliis Ipomoeae umbellatae, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Merrill 6246, Nov., 1908: Prov. Laguna, Los Banos, Merrill 6321.
Puccinia heterospora Berk. & Curt, in Journ. Linn. Soe. Bot. 10 (1868) 356.
Hab. in foliis Sidae glutinosae, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Merrill 6245, Dec., 1908.
Puccinia purpurea Cooke in Grevillea 5 (1876) 15.
Hab.- in foliis Sorghi, Negros, Bur. Sci. 5699 Deason, 1908.
Uromyces Hewittiae Syd. in Ann. Myc. 4 (1906) 30.
Hab. in foliis Hewittiae bicoloris, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Merrill 6243, Nov., 1908.
1 The species marked with an asterisk were published by the authors as new in a paper entitled “Fungi novi Philippinenses,” Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 36-41; these new1 species were based on the material here cited, e. d. m.
163
164
SYDOW.
Uromyces Mucunae Eabli. in Hedwigia 17 (1878) 62.
Hab. in foliis Mucunae Lyonii, Manila, Merrill 6231, 6321/.
Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br. in Gard. Chron. (1869) (L157.
Hab. in foliis Cojfeae arabicae, Luzon, Distr. Bontoc, For. Bur. 15951 Curran, Jan., 1909.
Aecidium Clerodendri P. Henn. in Engl. Jahrb. 15 (1892) 6.
Hab. in foliis Clerodendri intermedii, Manila, Merrill 6322, Feb. 1909.
Uredo manilensis Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 36.
Hab. in foliis Tabernamontanae coronariae, Manila, Merrill 6325, Apr., 1909. Uredo Castaneae P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 252.
Hab. in foliis Castaneae vulgaris, Luzon, Distr. Lepanto, For. Bur. 15958 Curran, Jan., 1909.
Uredo Kuehnii (Krueg.) Wakk. & Went, in Arch. Java Suiker-industrie (1896) Aft. 9.
Hab. in foliis SacchaH officinarum, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6531 Robinson, Dec., 1908.
PERISPORIACEiE.
* Meliola Hyptidis Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 36.
Hab. in foliis Hyptidis suaveolentis, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Merrill 621,2, Nov. 1908.
HYPOCREACEzE.
Hypocrea (?) ochracea Pat. in Bull. Soc. Myc. France (1893) 155.
Hab. ad corticexn, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8131 McGregor, Jun., 1909.
VALSACE^E.
* Valsella Pinangae Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 36.
Hab. ad truncos corticatos Pinangae, Manila, Merrill 6328, Oct., 1909.
SPHAERIACEiE.
*Rosellinia (Eurosellinia) procera Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 37.
Hab. ad corticem, Mindanao, Distr. Davao, Copeland 1,99, Mart. 1904.
XYLARIACEiE.
Hypoxylon annulatum (Sehw.) Mont. Syll. Crypt. (1856) 213.
Hab. ad corticem, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6661, Maio, 1909. Hypoxylon marginatum (Schw.) Berk, in Cuban Fungi no. 830.
Hab. ad corticem, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8111 McGregor, Merrill 6610.
Hypoxylon lilliputianum Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 37.
Hab. ad lignum cariosum, Mindanao, Davao, Copeland 656, Sept., 1904.
J Hypoxylon minutellum Syd. 1. c.
Hab. ad corticem, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8121 McGregor, Jun., 1909.
Nummularia anthracodes (Fr.) Mont, in Ann. Sci. Nat. 13 (1840) 359. Hab. ad corticem, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Merrill 6666, Maio, 1909.
Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. & DeNot. Comm. Crit. Ital. 1 (1863) 198. Hab. ad truncos, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, For. Bur. 15511, Curran. Ne- gbos, Bur. Sci. 1358 Celestino, Mart., 1909.
Daldinia Gollani P. Henn. in Hedwigia 40 (1901) 339.
Hab. ad ramos, Manila, Merrill 6326, Feb., 1909.
FUNGI PHILIPPINENSES.
165
Xylaria obtusissima (Berk.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1 (1882) 318.
Hab. ad francos, Luzon, Prov. Nueva Eeija, Bur. Sci. 5242 McGregor, Sept.,
1908.
Xylaria tuberosa (Pers.) Cooke in Grevillea 1 1 (1883) 88.
Hab. in lignis, Luzon, Prov. Nueva Eeija, Bur. Set. 5234 McGregor, Sept., 1908. "Xylaria (Xylostyla) gracilenta Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 38.
Hab. ad frustula lignea, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 6665, Maio, 1909.
MICROTHYRIACEJE.
* Seynesia Scutellum Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 39.
Hab. in foliis Drimydis piperitae, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8714 McGregor.
HYSTERIACEzE.
* Lem bos i a congregata Syd. in Ann. Myc. '8 (1910) 40.
Hab. in. foliis Rhododendri spec., Luzon, Prov. Laguna, monte Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6583 Robinson, Jan., 1909.
DOTHIDEACEAE.
Auerswaldia Merrill ii P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 255.
Hab. in. foliis Freycinetiae Williamsii, Batanes Islands, Bur. Sci. 3786a Fenix, Jun., 1907.
* Phyllachora aggregatula Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 38.
Hab. in foliis vivis Melastomatis fusci, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, monte Mariveles, Merrill 6287, Dec., 1908.
* Phyllachora circinata Syd. 1. c.
Hab. in foliis Fid spec., Luzon, Prov. Cagayan, For. Bur. 16828 Curran, Mart.,
1909.
Phyllachora Fici-fulvae Koord. Bot. Untersuch. (1907) 182.
Hab. in foliis Fid odoratae, Luzon, Prov. Eizal, Merrill 6240, Nov., 1908. Phyllachora Fici-minahassae P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 254.
Hab. in foliis Fici odoratae, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, monte Maquiling, Merrill 6320, Feb., 1909.
Phyllachora luzonensis P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 255.
Hab. in foliis Millettiae spec., Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Copeland s. n., Feb., 1909.
Phyllachora Sacchari P. Henn. 1. c. 41 (1902) 143.
Hab. in foliis Sorghi halepensis, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 6711 Robinson, Apr., 1909.
Phyllachora topographica Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14 (1899) 669.
Hab. in foliis Fici spec., Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Copeland s. n., Jan., 1909.
BULGARIACE^E.
" Bulgaria pusilla Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 40.
Hab. ad eorticem, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8722 McGregor, Jun., 1909, Merrill 6669, Maio, 1909.
GEOGLOSSACEyE.
Gloeoglossum glutinosum (Pers.) Durand in Ann. Myc. 6 (1908) 419.
Hab. ad terram, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, monte Banajao, Copeland 2113, Dec., 1908.
166
SYDOW.
MOLLISIACE^E.
* Mollisia ravida Syd. in Ann. Myq. 8 (1910) 40.
Hab. in foliis vivis Lagerstroemiae speciosae, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Merrill 6244, Nov., 1908.
DEUTEROMYCETES.
* Cytospora calami Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 41.
Hab. ad culmos Calami spec., Luzon, Prov. Bataan, monte Mariveles, Merrill 626 4, Dec., 1908.
* Melasmia exigua Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 41.
Hab. in foliis Lorantlii spec., Luzon, Prov. Benguet, m'onte Pulog, For. Bur. 16448 Curran, Merritt, <£- Zschokke, Jan., 1909.
* Septogloeum aureum Syd. in Ann. Myc. 8 (1910) 41.
Hab. in ramis Hopeae acumipatae, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, monte Mariveles, Merrill 6265, Dec., 1908.
Ephelis pallida Pat. in Journ. de Bot. (1897) 372.
Hab. in inflorescentiis Andropogonis aciculati, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Lutab ad Ivabayan, Bur. Boi. 8786 McGregor, Jun., 1909.
Cercospora personata (B. & C.) Ellis in Journ. Myc. (1885).
Hab. in foliis Arachidis hypogaeae, Manila, Merrill 6327, Apr., 1909. Hadronoma orbiculare Syd. in Ann. Myc. 7 (1909) 172.
Hab. in foliis Quercus spec., Luzon, Prov. Benguet, Pauai, Bur. 8ci. 8711 McGregor, Jun., 1909.
Helminthosporium Ravenelii Curt. & Berk. North Amer. Fungi no. 628. Hab. in inflorescentiis Sporoholi elongati, Luzon, Prov. Benguet, For. Bur. 15642 Curran, Dec., 1908.
Order No. 401.
THE BONTOC IGOROT.
By A. E. Jenks.
110 pages. 3 maps. 154 photographic plates. 9 figures.
An interesting study; the result of almost a year’s residence among the Bontoc Igorots.
Price $1 United States currency.
Order No. 402.
THE NEGRITOS OF ZAMBALES.
By William Allen Reed.
90 pages. 60 full-page photographic plates. 2 maps. 2 figures.
A valuable ethnological study of the pigmy blacks of Zambales.
Price $0.25 United States currency, paper; $0.75 United States currency, half morocco.
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THE NABAL0I DIALECT.
By Otto Scheerer.
TOGETHER WITH.
THE BATAKS OF PALAWAN.
By Edward Y. Miller.
199 pages. 1 map. 28 full-page photographic plates. 6 figures.
The result of research work among this interesting tribe of primitive people.
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CONTENTS.
Page.
MERRILL, E. D. An Enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with
Keys to the G*enera and Species' (concluded) 95
BROTHERUS, V. F. Contributions to the Bryological Flora of the Phil- ippines, III 137
SYDOW, H. et P. Fungi Philippinenses 163
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VOL. V
AUGUST, 1910
No. 3
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
EDITED BY
PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D.
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON, Ph. D. ; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D.
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STUDIES IN MORO HISTORY, LAW, AND RELIGION.
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
vol. y
AUGUST, 1910
No. 3
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
By E. D. Merrill.
(From the Botanical Section of the. Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science,
Manila, P. I.) ^3
The following paper is largely composed of the descriptions of about 100 new species of Philippine plants, that have been worked out from time to time during the past year. In the paper will also be found the descriptions of four proposed new genera, Astrocalyx and C ephalomedi- nilla of the Melastomataceae , Curraniodendron of the Saxifragaceae , and Pygmaeopremna of the Verbenaceae, A number of species previously de- scribed by various authors are here recorded from the Philippines for the first time, while several previously considered Philippine forms are admitted for the purpose of discussion, additional data being available. Following the rules of priority in nomenclature, a few new combinations have been made.
GRAMINEiE.
ANDROPOGON Linn.
Andropogon citratus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. (1813) 78.
Cymbopogon citratus Stapf in Kew Bull. (1906) 322, 357, cum lamina.
Andropogon schoenanthus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 39, ed. 2 (1845) 27, ed. 3, 1 (1877) 50; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 339, non Linn.
This species is commonly cultivated in the Philippines, although not on a commercial scale. I have never seen it in flower, but chemical analysis of the oil extracted from it shows the species to be Andropogon citratus DC., and not A. schoenanthus Linn.
95948
167
168
MERRILL.
DIGITARI A Scop.
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Pers. Syn. 1 (1805) 85.
Panicum ciliare Retz. Obs. 4 (1786) 16.
Paspalum sanguinale var. ciliare Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 15.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bambam, Bur. Sci. 7 661 Ramos, March, 1909 : Province of Rizal, Phil. PI. lift Merrill.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; widely distributed in the Indo- Malayan region, extending to Polynesia.
PANICUM Linn.
Panicum psilopodium .Trin. Gram. Panic. (1826) 217; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 46.
Luzon, Province of flenguet, Baguio, Williams 1182, Elmer 6589.
This species has previously been reported from the Philippines, but apparently on a wrong identification. The specimens here referred to Trinius’ species are considerably smaller than the typical form.
India to Ceylon, Burma, and Malacca.
ISACHNE R. Br.
Isachne incrassata (Hack.) comb. nov.
Isachne debilis Rendle var. incrassata Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 268; Merr. 1. c. 350.
Tufted, erect, rather stiff, the culms simple or slight] y branched, their lower nodes sometimes decumbent, glabrous. Leaves rigid, mostly spread- ing, lanceolate, sharply acuminate, 2.5 to 5 cm long, 2 to 4.5 mm wide, the lower surface puberulent or pubescent, the nerves obscure, the upper surface glabrous, minutely scabrid, the nerves distinct, close, about 20, margins thickened and cartilaginous, scabrid; sheaths subglabrous, or with few to rather many, long, white hairs, especially on the margins. Panicles exserted, peduncled, subpyramidal, 5 cm long or less, the branches spreading or ascending, slender, glabrous, 2 cm long or less, each branch with 8 spikelets or less, the pedicels 1 to 3.5 mm long, glabrous. Spikelets oblong-obovoid, usually dark-purple, sometimes pale, 1.2 to 1.5. mm long. Empty glumes glabrous, obscurely 5- to 7 -nerved. • First flow- ering glume elliptic-oblong, rounded, glabrous, sessile, inclosing a $ flower, the second minutely pedicelled, similar to the first but slightly smaller, inclosing a 2 flower.
The type of Doctor Haekel’s variety was a rather poor specimen collected in Mindanao, Mount Apo, DeVore & Hoover 358. Better material has been recently collected in Negros, Merrill €977, Canlaon Volcano, on ledges in the Nahalin River, altitude about 1,260 m, and after studying this specimen I have concluded that the form is not closely allied to Isachne debilis Rendle, but that it is worthy of specific rank.
Isachne micrantha sp. nov.
Annua, debilis, parva, vix 10 cm alta, caulibus tenuibus, ramosis, gla- bris; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, circiter 1 cm longis, leviter pilosis, vaginis quam internodia brevioribus ; paniculis depauperatis, stric-
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
169
tis, compressis, paucifloris; spiculis obovoideis, 1 ad 1.2 mm longis, glumis sterilibus obscurissime 5-nerviis, subglabris, fertilibus densissime et brev- iter pubescentibus.
An annual, weak, ascending, loosely tnfted plant, 10 cm or less in height. Stems very slender, glabrous, branched, the lower parts decum- bent and often rooting at the nodes. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm long, often shorter, rarely 1.5 cm in length, 2 to 3.5 mm wide, the base rather broad, apex acuminate, both surfaces with scattered, white, rather soft hairs about 1 mm long, the nerves about 10, the margins minutely scabrid ; sheaths shorter than the internodes, less than 1 cm long; with few, scattered, long, white hairs, especially on the margins; ligule of few white hairs. Panicles strict, narrow, glabrous, less than 1 cm long, the branches few, 4 mm long or less, each with from 1 to 3 or 4 spikelets, apparently never spreading, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, gla- brous. Spikelets obovoid, pale or slightly purplish, 1 to 1.2 mm long, the empty glumes subglabrous, or at least with only a few scattered hairs in the upper part, very obscurely 5-nerved or nerveless. Flowering glumes densely and apparently softly pubescent with short hairs, 1 mm long, the second very minutely pedicellfid; paleas slightly pubescent.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Mount Cueva, For. Bur. 16837, 16841 (type) Curran, March 9, 1909, altitude about 300 m.
A species well characterized by its small size, smaiy leaves, contracted panicles, and densely pubescent flowering glumes. It is probably more closely allied to Isachne debilis Rendle, of Formosa, than any other Philippine form at present known, but seems to be distinguished by its contracted panicles, smaller leaves and smaller spikelets. Among the Philippine species it is perhaps most closely allied to Isachne myosotis Nees.
Isachne vulcanica sp. nov.
Densissime caespitosa, perennis, rigida; eulmis inferne ramosis, rigi- dis, vix 10 cm altis; foliis rigidis, laneeolatis, acuminatis, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis, 2 ad 5 mm latis, scabridis, margine incrassatis, vaginis quam internodia longioribus; paniculis oblongis, congestis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, usque ad 1 cm diametro ; spiculis atropurpureis vel rariter pallidis, densis- sime dispositis, 2 mm longis; glumis exterioribus 7-nerviis, subglabris, fertilibus obscure sparseque pubescentibus.
A densely caespitose, rigid perennial, forming tufts a few centimeters in diameter or mats which are often 0.5 m in diameter. Culms rigid, much branched below, not exceeding 10 cm in height, often much shorter, the intemodes short. Leaves rigid, lanceolate, acuminate, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 2 to 5 mm wide, the margins thickened, cartilaginous, scabrid, the upper surface prominently ribbed with about 18 nerves, scabrid, beneath slightly hispidulous; sheaths exceeding the intemodes, imbricate, with scattered, long white hairs, the marginal hairs more, numerous; ligule of few stiff, white hairs 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles slightly or not at all exserted, oblong, very dense, purple, 1 to 2 cm long, 0.5 to 1 cm in
170
MERRILL.
diameter, the lower branches often 1 cm long, closely appressed, the rachis and branches glabrous, the pedicels 0.3 to 1.5 mm long. Spikelets numerous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2 mm long, usually dark-purple, some- times greenish. Empty glumes subequal, 7 -nerved, glabrous except for few long hairs on the apical parts. Third glume elliptic-oblong, 1.8 mm long, with very few, obscure, short hairs, the margins obscurely ciliate, the palea • as long as the glume, inclosing a <$ flower. Fourth glume similar to the third, slightly shorter, containing a ? flower.
Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6975, April, 1910.
Abundant in the old crater, on bare slopes and on debris washed down from the new cone, forming dense tufts or mats, altitude 1,800 to 2,100 m. A species well characterized by its dense panicles, short, rigid, densely caespitose habit, rigid, crowded leaves, and dark-purple spikelets.
. MISCANTHUS Anderss.
Miscanthus depauperatus sp. nov.
Culmis erectis vel suberectis, usque ad 60 cm altis, densissime caes- pitosis, vix 3 mm diametro ; foliis 3 ad 6 mm latis, margine scabridis ; spiculis purpureis, 6 mm longis; paniculis laxis, racemis paucis, race- moso-dispositis, solitariis vel inferioribus binis, usque ad 15 cm longis.
A densely caespitose perennial, forming tufts up to 1 m in diameter, the culms erect or ascending, usually about 40 cm high,, often shorter, rarely 60 cm in height, simple or very rarely branched, terete, 2 to 2.5 mm in diameter. Leaves numerous, those of the culm up to 30 cm long, 6 mm wide, the basal ones much shorter and usually narrower, scabrid on the margins, long- and slenderly acuminate ; sheaths exceeding the internodes, the lower Ones usually purplish ; ligules broad, about 2 mm long, margins ciliate. Panicles exserted or not, glabrous, the rachis and branches angled, purple, minutely scabrid on the angles, the rachis always less than 5 cm in length, the branches rather slender, erect or somewhat spreading, solitary, or the lower ones in pairs, 3 or 4 to about 9 in number, 4 to 15 cm in length. Spikelets purple, lanceolate, acuminate, about 6 mm long, the shorter pedicels about 2 mm long, the longer ones 5 to 6 mm long, the involucral hairs slender, about as long as the spike- lets, usually purplish, unequal in length, numerous. First two glumes lanceolate, sharply acuminate, equal, about 6 mm long, when spread 2.3 mm wide, purple, shining, glabrous, or the margins with very few ciliate hairs, the first obscurely 5-nerved, the second obscurely 3-nerved. Third glume oblong-lanceolate, hyaline, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, acuminate, 1 -nerved, margins slightly ciliate, empty. Fourth glume hyaline, lanceo- late, acuminate, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, apex cleft into two slender teeth and bearing between them a slender, scabrid, twisted awn about 1 cm in length. Palea ovate, hyaline, 1 mm long. Lodicules truncate, about 0.8 mm long. Anthers 3, 2.5 to 3 mm long.
Negros, Canlaon Volcano, common in open places in the old crater, altitude
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
171
about 1,800 m, ascending the new cone to an altitude of about 2,000 m, Merrill, April 12, 1910.
This species is manifestly allied to Misccmthus sinensis Andr., differing in its densely tufted habit of growth, very much smaller size, narrower leaves, rather lax, depauperate panicle, solitary or at most paired panicle-branches, and larger spikelets.
SPOROBOLUS R. Br.
Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Rev. Gram. (1829) 67; Enum. 1 (1833) 210; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 247.
A gros tis virginica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 63.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 1881 Ramos, April, 1909; also collected by Loher at Navotas, Province of Rizal, nos. 1185, 1186 in Herb. Kew; Manila, Merrill, June, 1910.
Not previously reported from the Philippines ; widely distributed in tem- perate and tropical parts of the world.
CYPERACEiE.
CLADIUM Schrad.
V Cladium phil ippinense sp. nov. § Eucladium.
Dense eaespitosum, eulmis gracilibus, teretibus, usque ad 2 m altis, 2 ad 3 mm diametro; foliis radicalibus nullis, caulinis 2 vel 3, brevibus, verticaliter compressis, 1 ad 5 cm longis, vix 3 mm latis; inflorescentiis laxis, 10 ad 15 cm longis, “zigzag”; spiculis brunueis, circiter 2 mm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis, teretibus, admodum nitidis, rugosis, apice truncatis.
A densly caespitose plant from creeping rhizomes, the culms rush-like, often nearly 2 m high, sometimes shorter, terete, glabrous, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, their bases covered with several short, imbricated bracts, leafless except for the 2 or 3 culm leaves which are much reduced or sometimes represented only by sheaths, or sometimes 5 cm long, always less than 3 mm wide, vertically compressed, glabrous. Panicles 10 to 15 cm long, interrupted, thyrsoid, lax, both the primary and secondary rachises strongly zigzag, on the ultimate branches each group of two or three spikelets subtended by an ovate, keeled, brown, prominently acu- minate bract about 3 mm long,' the basal portion broad, 7- to 9-nerved, the spikelets sessile or shortly pedicelled, crowded. Spikelets brown, glabrous, 2 to 2.5 mm long, each bearing a single perfect flower, the glumes few, about four, ovate to oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminate, keeled, 2 mm long. Nutlet ellipsoid, terete, straw-colored; Somewhat shining, about 1.8 mm long, wrinlded when dry, the base somewhat acute, the apex minutely puberulent, truncate or rounded ; style filiform, elongated, the arms three.
Mindoko, southwest of Lake Naujan, altitude about 120 m, For. Bur. 61 2 If. Merritt, April, 1907 (type). Luzon, Province of Zambales, along streams near Candelaria, Bur. Sci. Jf129 Ramos, December, 1907. Palawan, Mount .Victoria, on rocks at base of waterfall, Bur. Sci. 118 Foxworthy, March, 1906, altitude
172
MERRILL.
about 600 m; Iwahig, in bed of mountain stream, altitude about 300 m, Merrill 7 58, February, 1903, specimen very young.
This species is probably most closely allied to Cladium riparium Bentli., of Australia, and to the var. crassum (Thwaites) Clarke of India and Ceylon; it is, apparently, distinct from both forms. Among the Philippine species it is prob- ably most closely allied to Cladium distichum Clarke but lacks the numerous imbricated glumes of that species.
Cladium filiforme sp. nov. § Eucladium.
Caespitosum, tenerum, circiter 40 cm altum; foliis angustis, planis, elongatis, in sicco pins minus plicatis, margine scabridis; panieulis laxis, angustis, thyrsoideis; spiculis paucis, lanceolatis, brunneis, circiter 5.5 mm longis, 1-floris; fructibus nitidis, ovoideis vel ellipticis, albidis, ses- silibus, vix rostratis.
A caespitose perennial about 40 cm high, slender. Stems terete, about 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaves mostly basal, slender, about 20 cm long, 1.5 mm wide, scabrid, apparently plane when fresh, more or less folded when dry, the culm leaves two or three, similar to the basal ones. Pani- cles slender, thyrsoid, comparatively few-flowered, narrow, rather lax. Spikelets lanceolate, brown, 5 to 6 mm long, their pedicels slender, 2 to 8 mm in length, each group of three or four spikelets subtended by a setaceous, scabrid, leaf-like bract 1 cm long or less. First two glumes empty, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, about 3 mm long. Third glume in- closing a perfect flower, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 3.5 mm long, thicker than the empty glumes. Stamens three; anthers linear, 2 mm long. Nutlet ovoid or ellipsoid, white and shining, sessile, not beaked, gla- brous ; style 5 mm long, divided to the middle into three arms. Fourth glume similar to the third, empty, the fifth smaller and thinner, also empty.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 717 Foxworthy, March 24, 1906, on rocks at base of a waterfall, altitude about 600 nr.
A species characterized by its slender habit, slender leaves and panicles, some- what resembling Cladium undulatum Thwaites but smaller and with no traces of hypogynous bristles.
SCIRPUS Linn.
Scirpus lacustris Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 48; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6 (1893) 658.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Buguey, For. Bur. 17290 Curran, March,. 1909, a common and conspicuous plant in lagoons back of the town.
Frequent in fresh water nearly throughout the world, except South America and Malaya. Not previously reported from the Philippines.
XYRIDACE2E.
XYRIS Linn.
Xyris anceps Lam. 111. 1 (1791) 132; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6 (1892) 364. Luzon, Province of Isabela, Carig, Bur. Sci. 8065 Ramos, May, 1909. Seme- rara, Merrill \151, June, 1905.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 173
Not previously reported from the Philippines, and the second species definitely known to occur in the Archipelago; India to Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
LILIACE^E.
SMI LAX Linn.
Smilax verruculosa sp. nov. § Eusmilax.
Species S. bracteatae Presl valde affinis, differt ramis ramulisque dense verrnculosis et spinis pins minus numerosis armatis.
Scandent, the branches and branchlets yellowish or brownish, rather slender, terete, or the latter slightly sulcate, densely verruculose and with numerous, straight or slightly curved, sharp spines 1 to 3 mm long. Leaves broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, shining, 6 to 10 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the base rounded or acute, the apex shortly and abruptly apiculate-acuminate, the acumen thickened; nerves 5, the outer pair faint, submarginal, the inner three stout, prominent, the inner pair leaving the middle one just above the base, the reticulations lax, prominent; petioles about 1 cm long, the lower half inflated, somewhat clasping the stem, some tendril-bearing at about the middle, others simply auriculate. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, the rachis emerging from between two, ovate, coriaceous, 4 to 5 mm long bracts, each inflorescence consisting of from 1 to 4 racemosely disposed, pedhncled umbels, the peduncles to the umbels subtended by small bracts, solitary. Flowers 10 to 20 in each umbel, 3.5 to 4 mm long, the perianth-segments reflexed. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled. Fruit ovoid, about 3.5 long, 1-seeded.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Topping 13 (type), Elmer 5820, 8572, Williams 10^6, Bur. Sci. 2810, 3378 Hearns, For. Bur. 15617 Curran.
Most of the above specimens have been distributed as Smilax bracteata Presl, from which the present species is at once distinguished by its densely verruculose and more or less spiny branches and branchlets. The terminal undeveloped bud is sometimes present on the racemes, but more often absent, or developed into an umbel.
Smilax williamsii sp. nov. § Eusmilax.
Frutex alte scandens, ramis ramulisque teretibus vel leviter striatis, verruculosis, vix spinosis; foliis amplis, late elliptico-ovatis, chartaceis vel subeoriaceis, basi acutis vel subcordato-rotundatis, apice abrupte apiculatis, nervis 5 vel 7; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, umbellis 1 vel 2, racemoso-dispositis.
A scandent shrub, the branches and branchlets terete, or slightly striate, pale-brown, densely verruculose, not spiny. Leaves alternate, ample, broadly elliptic-ovate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 9 to 15 cm long, 5 to 11 cm wide, shining, base acute or subcordate-rounded, the apex shortly and abruptly apiculate; primary nerves 5, basal, prominent, with an additional pair of fainter submarginal nerves, the reticulations distinct; petiole 1.5 to 2 cm long, the lower half inflated, clasping the stem, auriculate or tendril-bearing at about the middle, curved. Bacemes
174
MERRILL.
axillary, solitary, the rachis emerging from between the petiole and an ovate, coriaceous, 5 to 7 mm long bract, the umbels 1 or 2, the terminal bud wanting, the peduncles to the umbels solitary, subtended by bracts, slender, 2.5 cm' long. Staminate flowers 20 to 25 in each umbel, about 7 mm long, the perianth segments . reflexed; stamens 6. Fruit globose, much wrinkled when dry, with from 1 to 3, more or less compressed, 4 mm long seeds.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 751, near streams, September, 1906: District of Davao, Williams 2519, March, 1905 (type).
A species manifestly allied to Smilax bracteata Presl, but distinguished at once by its verruculose, but not spiny stems, larger leaves with more numerous veins, and larger flow’ers.
ULMACE^E.
CELT IS Linn.
Celtis crenato-serrata sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 30 m alta, glabra, vel ramulis ultimis parce pubes- oentibus; foliis subcoriaceis, ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, leviter inaequilateralibus, 3-nerviis, margine in tertia inferiors parte integris, supra valde crenato-serratis ; fructibus ovatis, leviter com- pressis, circiter 1 cm longis.
A glabrous tree about 30 m high. Branches slender, terete, reddish- brown, distinctly lenticellate with small lenticels, the ultimate branchlets slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, subcoriaceous, slightly shining, of the same color on both surfaces or slightly paler beneath, the base broad, somewhat inequilateral, rounded on one side of the midrib, subacute on the other side, the apex prominently acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, apiculate, the margins in the lower one-third entire, above prominently crenate-serrate ; basal nerves three, prominent, the two lateral ones extending nearly to the apex and above somewhat looped at the anastomoses of the lateral veins, the lateral ones slender, horizontal, about 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations lax, indistinct ; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits ovate, slightly compressed, about 1 cm long, the pericarp thin, fleshy. .
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Duale, For. Bur. 200^3 Topacio, October 2, 1909, in forests along streams, altitude about 100 m, locally known as malabatulan.
A species well characterized by its prominently crenate-serrate leaves.
ARISTOLOCHIACEiE.
ARISTOLOCHIA Linn.
Aristolochia macgregorii sp. nov. § 'Diplolobus.
Foliis suhtus ad costam, ramulis inflorescentiis petiolisque plus minus breviter hirsuto-pubescentibus ; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, basi subsagit- tato-cordatis, apice breviter acute acuminatis, petiolo vix 5 mm longo; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, floribus circiter 4 cm longis.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
175
Apparently scandent. Branches terete, grayish, slightly striate, slightly zigzag, the leaf -bearing branchlets more or less' densely pubescent with short brownish hairs. Leaves oblong, 11 to 17 cm long, 4.5 to 6.5 cm wide, chartaceous, shining when dry, above entirely glabrous,, beneath somewhat hirsute-pubescent with short hairs on the midrib and primary nerves, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate or merely acute, the base sagittate-cordate, the auricles broad, rounded, the sinus somewhat obtuse, about 1 cm deep, the auricles somewhat surrounding the stems but free from them ; basal nerves two or three pairs, the lower pair or pairs short, the upper pair reaching to about the middle of the leaf, the primary nerves above the hasal ones 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, anasto- mosing, the reticulations lax; petioles pubescent, less than 5 mm long. Inflorescence .axillary, solitary, simply racemose, the rachis 1 to 1.5 cm long, pubescent, the pedicels about 3 mm in length, each opposed by an ovate-lanceolate, acuminate bract, the lower ones 6 mm long, the upper gradually shorter. Blowers 4 cm long, the basal 4 mm ovoid, narrowed and tubular above, the tube about 16 mm, long, 2 to 2.5 mm in diameter, the upper portion expanded, the lip pubescent/lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 cm long, 3 mm wide. Column very obscurely lobed. Anthers 6, 1 mm long. Fruit (immature) obovoid, 1.5 cm long.
Babuyanes Islands, Dalupiri, Bur. Sci. 10656 McGregor, August 20, 1909.
A species manifestly allied to Aristolochia tagala Cham., but at once distin- guished by its differently shaped leaves, which are pubescent on the nerves beneath, very short petioles, dense racemes, and quite different flowers.
CHENOPODIACEiE.
CH E NOPOD I U M Linn.
Chenopodium polyspermum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 220.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Leon Guerrero, March, 1910.
In waste places, apparently of recent introduction ; a widely dispersed European weed, introduced and. now widely distributed in eastern North America.
NYCTAGINACEiE.
PISONIA Linn.
Pisonia gammillii sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, inflorescentiis exceptis, circiter 10 m alta; foliis oblongo- ellipticis, iu sicco chartaceis, nitidis, breviter acuminatis, basi inaequi- lateralibus, acuminatis, usque ad 20 cm longis ; inflorescentiis laxis, ter- minalibus, axillaribusque ; floribus hermaphroditis ; staminibus 12 vel 13, .breviter exsertis.
A glabrous tree, except the inflorescence, unarmed, about 10 m high, the trunk 40 cm in diameter. Leaves mostly opposite, oblong-elliptic, ample, 17 to 20 cm long, 8 to 10.5 cm wide, when dry chartaceous and somewhat shining, apparently somewhat fleshy when fresh, entire, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acuminate-decurrent, inequilateral;
176
MERRILL.
lateral nerves 8 or 9 on each side of the midrib, distant, rather distihct, anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. In- florescence axillary and terminal, the branches and branchlets umbellately arranged, ample, lax, nearly as long as the leaves, the axillary peduncles 1 or 2, the terminal ones about 5, the younger parts ferruginous-pubes- cent, the peduncles 9 to 11 cm long, with or without a single node ; primary branches umbellately disposed, 4 or 5, 1.5 to 3 cm long, spread- ing, each bearing from 2 to 5 umbellately disposed secondary branches 6 to 12. mm in length. Flowers white, fragrant, 2 to 6 at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, the perianth 6 to 7 mm long, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, puberulent. Perianth urceolate, the throat up to 5 mm in diameter, the lobes 5, spreading or somewhat reflexed, 2 to 2.5 mm broad, about 1 mm long, apiculate. Ovary and style about 5 mm long; stigma fimbriate, about 2 mm in diameter. Stamens 12 or 13 ; filaments slender, glabrous, somewhat united below, unequal, 4 to 6 mm long, some- what exserted; anthers 0.8 mm. long. Fruit unknown.
Guimakas, Nagaba, For. Bur. 288 Gammill, February 22, 1904, in upland valleys, altitude about 50 m, locally known as anuring.
A species well characterized by its ample leaves and very lax inflorescence. Its flowers are apparently all hermaphrodite. Manifestly allied to Pisonia umbellifera (Forst.) Seem. (P. excelsa Bl.), but with more numerous stamens, larger flowers, and quite different inflorescence.
MAGNOLIACEzE.
KADSURA Juss.
Kadsura paucidenticulata sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis ellipticis vel anguste obovato-ellipticis, acuminatis, chartaceis; floribus masculinis terminalibus, solitariis, circi- ter 2 cm diametro, pedicellis ebracteolatis, sepalis petalisque vix vel obscure puncticulatis.
A scandent glabrous shrub. Branches terete, with scattered large lenti- cels, dark-colored when dry. Leaves mostly on short lateral branchlets, elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, chartaceous, 4 to 7 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, minutely glandular-punctieulate, somewhat shining, the apex abruptly short-acuminate, the. base acute, the margins in the upper half with few, scattered, small teeth; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, not much more distinct than are the primary reticulations; petioles 0,4 to 0.7 mm long. Staminate flowers solitary, about 2 cm in diameter, terminating the stems and the short lateral branches, the pedicels about 12 mm long, ebracteolate. Sepals about 5, ovate to elliptic-ovate, obtuse or rounded, the outermost one 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, the inner ones gradually larger, the largest about 8 mm long, 6 mm wide, very obscurely or not glandular-punctate, margins minutely ciliate. Petals about 7, the outer four narrowly obovate
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
177
or oblong-obovate, thick, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, broad and rounded at the apex, the margins glabrous, the inner three similar but smaller, 8 mm long or less. Stamens many, united into a rather dense, depressed- globose head, the connectives very broad, the anthers 0.8 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Bci. 8498 McGregor, June, 1909, alti- tude about 2,100 m.
A species allied to Kadsura philippinensis Elmer, differing especially in its terminal, comparatively short-pedicelled flowers and other minor characters.
Kadsura macgregorii sp. nov.
Species praecedenti simillima et ut videtur valde affinis, sed differt floribus masculinis axillaribus, breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis basi bracts eolis imbricatis praeditis.
Scandent, glabrous, the branches dark-colored, lenticellate. Leaves similar in shape and size to those of the preceding species, membran- aceous, rather densely and minutely glandular-punctate, the margins in the upper half with scattered, small teeth. Staminate flowers solitary, in the axils of leaves or of fallen leaves, their pedicels about 5 mm long, each subtended by several, densely imbricated, brown bracfeoles about 1 mm long and longer than wide, and with a similar one at about the middle of the pedicel. Sepals about 5, orbicular or broadly orbicular- ovate, minutely and densely glandular-punctate, rounded, the outer one about 2 mm long, the inner gradually larger, the innermost about 8 mm long, their margins minutely ciliate. Petals about 5, somewhat larger than the inner sepals, distinctly and densely glandular-punctate. Sta- mens united in a globose mass, the connectives very broad.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Bci. 8340, McGregor, June, 1909, altitude about %I00 m.
A species in general appearance quite similar to Kadsura paucidenticulata, but at once distinguished by its axillary, short-pedicelled staminate flowers, and by its pedicels subtended by several, small, imbricated bracts. It is apparently more closely allied to Kadsura philippinensis Elmer, than is the preceding species, judging from the attachment of the flowers, but its short-pedicelled flowers and denticulate leaves are sufficient to distinguish the two species.
S AXIFE AG ACEiE .
CURRAN IODENDRON gen. nov.
Genus Dedeae Baill. valde affine, sed differt floribus 4-meris, ovulis numerosis, usque ad 16.
Curraniodendron dedeaeoides sp. nov.
Arbuscula glabra, dioica, 2 ad 3 m alta, ramulis foliisque junioribus plus minus resinosis ; foliis alternis, oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis, leviter acuminatis, chartaceis vel subeoriaceis, nitidis, subtus plus minus nigro- glandulosis; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, floribus femineis parvis, 4- meris.
178
MERRILL.
A glabrous dioecious shrub 2 to 3 m high, glabrous, the young branches and leaves more or less resinous, shining. Branches terete, slender, dark-colored and longitudinally striate when dry, with scattered lenticels, the young branchlets somewhat compressed and angular. Leaves alter- nate, oblong .to oblong-elliptic, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 6 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3.2 cm wide, entire, the apex shortly and not prominently acuminate, the base acute or somewhat decurrent-acuminate, shining, somewhat paler beneath when dry, and at least the older leaves with numerous, small, black glands on the under surface at the intersections of the ultimate reticulations ; -primary lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, spreading, obscurely anastomosing, the. secondary alternating ones often nearly as prominent, the ultimate reticulations rather dense, fine, the basal pair of nerves ascending, anas- tomosing with the other lateral nerves shortly above the base of the leaf ; petioles 1 to 2 cm long; stipules none. Bacemes axillary, solitary, 5 to 7 cm long, more or less resinous, as are the buds and young flowers. Pistillate flowers alternate, 4-merous, whitish, rather scattered, solitary or sometime^ two in the axil of each bracteole, the bracteoles oblong- ovate, about 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, deciduous, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, about 2 mm long and wide, bear- ing four broadly triangular-ovate, 0.5 mm long lobes. Petals 4, alter- nating with the calyx-lobes, oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 2 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, attached by a broad base, spreading or reflexed, in bud dis- tinctly imbricate. Imperfect stamens 4, alternating with the petals, the filaments about 1 mm long; anthers 0.8 mm long, oblong-ovate, basifixed, bearing no pollen. Ovary half inferior, the free portion broadly conical, somewhat sulcate, glabrous, 1-celled, with 4 or 3 prominent parietal placentae; ovules 16 or 12, attached to the introflexed margins of the placentae, ascending, imbricate; styles 4 or 3, entirely connate into a sulcate, 1 mm long column, bearing 4 or 3 minutely papillate, depressed- hemispheric stigmas. Staminate flowers and fruits unknown.
Negros, Mount Marapara, For. Bur. 1363 Curran <6 Foxworthy, September 8, 1909, in the mossy forest of the summit, altitude about 1,300 m.
This proposed new genus is manifestly closely allied to Dedea Baill., a genus of two or possibly three species confined to New Caledonia. It differs from that genus in its 4-merous flowers and in its more numerous ovules, as well as in some other minor characters. It agrees with it not only in gross characters and general appearance, but especially in its 1-celled ovary, which is unusual in the family.
We are fortunate in having in this herbarium cotypes of the three species of Dedea proposed by Baillon, and the present species in facies is very similar to D. minor Baill., and D. media Baill. Distinguishing characters that at once strike the eye are the somewhat resinous younger parts of the Philippine plant and’ its older leaves distinctly glandular beneath with numerous, small, black glands, while all of Bail Ion’s species are prominently lepidote, this character being absent in the form above described. In general appearance, however, Curraniodendron dedeaeoides is exceedingly similar to Dedea minor and D. media;
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
179
an examination of the pistillate flowers, however, shows sufficiently important differential characters to .warrant the characterization of the Philippine plant as a distinct genus.
PITTOSPORACEiE.
PITTOSPORUM Banks.
Pittosporum littorale sp. nov.
Arbor glabra usque ad 6 m alta ; foliis anguste oblongo-obovatis, sub- coriaceis, apice rotundatis, basi angustatis, decurrento-acuminatis vel acutis ; fructibus aurantiacis, ovoideis, eirciter 2 cm longis, 2-valvatis, apiculatis, in sicco rugosis; seminibus eirciter 20, nigris.
A glabrous tree about 6 m high. Branches terete, light-gray, smooth. Leaves somewhat crowded toward the apices of the branchlets, subcoria- ceous, narrowly oblong-obovate, 9 to 17 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, when dry somewhat shining, paler beneath, the apex rounded, broad, rarely somewhat acute, the base gradually narrowed, acute or decurrent-acum- inate, the margins often somewhat recurved; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, not prominent; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruiting racemes 2 to 3 cm long, in the upper axils. Fruits ovoid, about 2 cm long, 2-valved, valves ultimately recurved, orange-yellow when fresh, wrinkled when dry, the pericarp rather thick. Seeds about 20, black, shining.
Mindoro, For. Bur. 98^5 Merritt, March, 1908, along the seashore. Siquijor, For. Bur. 16999 Everett, December, 1907, rocky point at Liloan, locally known as ticala.
A species quite different from any of the other Philippine form, readily distinguishable by the shape of its leaves.
Pittosporum megacarpum sp. nov.
Arbor vel arbuscula glabra, usque ad 8 m alta, ramis pallide griseis, teretibus; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, basi acutis, apice abrupte acuminatis; nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, subtus pro- minentibus; fructibus ovoideis, in sicco valde rugosis, 4 cm longis.
A shrub or tree 3 to 8 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, light-gray. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10 to 18 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, shining when dry, the apex abruptly and sharply acuminate, the acumen 1 cm long or less, the base acute; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, impressed on the upper surface, anastomosing; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Flowers urn known. Fruits ovoid, 2-valved, yellow, densely wrinkled when dry, about 4 cm long, shortly apiculate, the pericarp thick. Seeds many, irregular, about 6 mm long, black, minutely wrinkled when dry.
Masbate, Bulo River, For. Bur. 12557 Rosenbluth, January, 1909. Mindoro, Balete River, For. Bur. 5392 Merritt, October, 1906.
A species with larger fruits than any other known Philippine form. Among our species most closely allied to Pittosporum odoratum Merr.
180
MERRILL.
Pittosporum ramosii sp. nov.
Arbuscula vel arbor glabra, 3 ad 6 m alta; foliis elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, utrinque acuminatis, nervis tenui- bus, vix distinctis; fructibus lateralibus, ovoideis, apiculatis, 1 ad 1.2 cm longis, 2-valvatis.
A shrub or tree 3 .to 6 m high, glabrous. Branches terete, dark-gray or brownish. Leaves somewhat crowded at the apices of the branchlets, subcoriaceous, shining when dry, elliptic-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, the apex sharply subcaudate-acuminate, the base decurrent-acuminate; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, indistinct, the reticulations fine, close; petioles slender, about 1 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruit from the branches below the leaves, axillary, solitary (the inflorescence apparently a short raceme), 2-valved, ovoid, smooth, yellow, apiculate, 1 to 1.2 cm long, the peduncles about 1 cm long; seeds few, 10 or less, black, shining, about 3 mm long.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Balbalasan, For. Bur. 5688 Klemme, altitude 1,500 in : Province of Abra, Mount Bawagan, Bur. Sci. 7 211 Ramos (type), February, 1909.
The fruits are very oily and with a strong odor of turpentine. Those that have -been in the herbarium three years, wheii opened, were still wet with the aromatic oil characteristic of the genus. Similar in some respects to P. pen- tandrum Merr., but distinguished by its lateral inflorescence and by its leaves.
Pittosporum ramiflorum Zoll. ex Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 2 (1858) 122.
Glyaspermum ramiflorum Zoll. & Mor. in Nat. Gen. Arch. Neerl. Ind. 2 (1845) 11.
Pittosporum dementis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 137.
Additional study of the type material of Pittosporum dementis and comparison of the same with Javan material representing Pittosporum ramiflorum Zoll. has convinced me that the two species are identical and that P. dementis should be reduced to Zollinger’s species. It is known from Java, Amboina, Celebes, Min- danao, and Negros (Canlaon Volcano,, Phil. PI. 228 Merrill, April, 1910). The name Pittosporum ramiflorum Zoll. is not listed in Index Kewensis or in any of the supplements of that work.
ROSACEiE.
PRUNUS Linn.
Prunus junghuhn ianus Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 366.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 731 Foxworthy, March 24, 1906, in stream depressions, altitude about 250 m.
The specimen agrees well with Miquel’s description, except that the racemes are nearly or quite glabrous, and also agrees perfectly in twig and leaf characters with sterile material received under the above name from Java.
New to the Philippines; previously definitely recorded only from Java.
RUTACEiE.
CLAUSENA Burm.
Clausena worcesteri sp. nov.
Arbor vel arbuscula glabra; foliis alternis, foliolis 2-3-jugatis, ovatis, nitidis, apice abrupte obtuse acuminatis; paniculis terminalibus, pauci-
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
181
floris, corymbosis; floribus 5-meris, petalis basi acutis; fructibus j unior- ibus manifeste stipitatis.
An erect shrub or small tree glabrous throughout. Branches slender, terete, shining, nearly black when dry. Leaves simply pinnate, less than 20 cm long, 2- or 3-jugate, the petiole and rachis terete, slender. Leaflets ovate, firmly chartaceous, shining 5 to 7 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, entire, the base acute or rounded, sometimes inequilateral, apex rather prom- inently acuminate, acumen blunt or retuse, prominently glandular-punc- tate; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, distant, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules 3 to 5 mm- long. Panicles terminal, comparatively few-flowered, corymbose or subcorymbose, the branches few. Flowers 5-merous, white. Sepals broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, about 1 mm long. Petals 5, oblong-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 5 to 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, narrowed below to the acute base, imbricate, somewhat coherent in the upper part. Sta- mens 10, the longer filaments 4 mm in length, abruptly narrowed from 1 mm below the anther, the alternating shorter filaments 3 mm long, abruptly narrowed just below the anther; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary oblong, cylindric, glabrous, about 2 mm long, 5-celled; styles thick, 2 mm long, slightly sulcate. Young fruits ovoid or ellipsoid, with a distinct, stout, 1 rum long stipe.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Apiao, near Tauit, Bur. Sci. 1071/3 Worcester, August, 1909.
This species is distinguished from all known Philippine forms by being quite glabrous. It is well characterized by its few leaflets, corymbose or subcorymbose, few-flowered panicles, its cylindric, glabrous ovary, and stipitate fruits. It is named in honor of its collector, Hon. Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of the Interior of the Philippine Government. When fresh the leaves are very aromatic.
Sterile material of what is manifestly the same species has been collected at the Mission River and on Mount Aluntang, both in the Province of Cagayan, For. Bin-. 17165, 1731/7 Curran. Mr. Curran notes that the plant is used by the Negritos for ornamental purposes and for its odor.
Clausena mollis sp. nov.
Arbuscula circiter 5 m alta, omnibus partibus plus minus dense mol- liter pubescens ; foliis 20 ad 30 cm longis, foliolis alternis vel subalternis, 5 ad 8 utrinque, integris, valde inaequilateralibus ; paniculis terminalibus, anguste pyramidatis, floribus 5-meris, sessilibus vel subsessilibus, subgiom- eratis; fructibus globosis, albidis vel albido-viridibus, 1-spermis.
A slender shrub about 5 m high. Branches and branchlets terete, grayish or brownish, the younger ones often greenish, and with the petioles densely and softly pubescent with short spreading hairs. Leaves alternate, 20 to 30 cm long, the leaflets alternate 5 to 8 on each side of the pubescent rachis, chartaceous, somewhat shining, rather pale when dry, oblong-ovate, entire, 5 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, the base rounded or acute, strongly inequilateral, the apex shortly acuminate or nearly blunt, prominently glandular-punctate, both surfaces softly pubes-
182
MERRILL.
cent, especially on the nerves, or the upper surface pubescent only on the midrib ; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib ; petiolules densely pubescent, about 2 mm long. Panicles terminal, narrowly pyramidal, about 20 cm long, the rachis, branches and branchlets densely and softly pubescent with pale spreading hairs, the lower branches 7 cm long or less, the upper ones gradually shorter, spreading or. ascending. Flowers 5-merous, sessile or shortly pedicelled, subglomerate on the ultimate branchlets, the buds globose or obovoid. Sepals broadly ovate, 1.2 mm long, free, densely pubescent outside. Petals elliptic or broadly elliptic- oblong, concave, about 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acute at both ends, imbricate, with few, rather large glands, the back in the upper third slightly pubescent. Stamens 10, the filaments broad, abruptly narrowed just below the insertion of the anthers, about 1 mm long ; anthers 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid or ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm long, glabrous, prominently 5-sulcate, 5-celled, each cell with two superimposed ovules; style 1 mm long and thick, 5-sulcate. Fruit globose, white or greenish- white, 6 to 7 mm in diameter, the pericarp rather thick, glandular-punctate, con- taining a single somewhat compressed seed about 5 mm in diameter, surrounded by a gelatinous pulp, with a strong odor and taste of pine pitch; cotyledons flat, plano-convex.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, near Bontoc, For. Bur. 16530 Curran (type), Jan- uary 21, 1909, altitude above 1,000 m: Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks; Elmer 6352, May, 1904. Bur. Sc-i. 7863 Ramos from Cagayan Province, Luzon, with immature fruits, is possibly referable here, while a specimen from Zamboanga, Mindanao, Hallier s. n., has much the facies of the present species, but ha3 4-merous flowers and 2-seeded fruits. Clausena mollis is well characterized by its soft, rather dense pubescence.
MELICOPE Forst.
Melicope densiflora sp. nov.
Arbuscula glabra 3 ad 5 m alta; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblongo-obovatis, apice late breviter acuminatis, acuminibus retusis, nervis utrinque circiter 8 ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, petiolo aequalibus vel longioribus; floribus 4-meris, filamentis pilosis.
A shrub 3 to 5 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, light- gray, the branchlets pale-reddish-brown, rather stout. Leaves 3-foliolate, opposite, their petioles 2 to 5 cm long; leaflets oblong-obovate to elliptie- obovate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, somewhat shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex shortly and broadly acuminate, the acumen retuse, narrowed from about the middle to the cuneate base, the terminal leaflet equilateral, the lateral ones somewhat inequilateral; petioles 3 to 10 mm long; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the secondary ones often nearly as prominent. Inflorescence . axillary, solitary', 5 to 6 cm long, narrowly pyramidal, the lower branches often 3.5 cm in length, rather densely flowered. Stamin-
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
183
ate flowers somewhat fascicled on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1.5 to 2 mm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, ovate, acute, 0.8 mm long. Petals 4, oblong, 3 mm long, 1 to 1.3 mm wide, thin, obtuse, the apex appendiculate -inside. Stamens 8, the filaments rather densely clothed with spreading hairs in the lower half, the longer four 3 mm, the shorter four 2 mm in length; anthers 0.8 mm long. Pistillate flowers similar to the staminate ones, the staminodes slightly pubescent. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 1.2 mm long, glabrous, deeply longitudinally 4-suleate, 4-eelled, each cell 2-ovuled; style very short (less than 0.5 mm) ; stigma radiately 4-lobed.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3235 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 3603 F6nix, Bur. Sci. 10682 McGregor, locally known as idacacayo: Sabtan, Bur. Sci. 10676 McGregor.
Some of these specimens were previously referred by me 1 to Melicope luzonensis Engl., but they are sufficiently distinct to warrant description as a separate species. M. densiflora is distinguished from M. luzonensis Engl, by its differently shaped and fewer nerved leaves, its dense inflorescence, and especially by its pilose filaments and staminodes. Bur. Sci. 3215 Mearns is possibly referable here, but its filaments seem to be quite glabrous.
EVODIA Forst.
Evodia acuminata sp. nov.
Arbor inflorescentiis exeeptis glabra, circiter 10 m alta; foliis trifo- • liolatis vel aliis unifoliatis, foliolis subcoriaeeis, oblongo-obovatis, nitidis, basi acuminatis, apice abrupte subcaudato-acuminatis, acuminibus circiter 1 cm longis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, pedunculatis,- 6 ad 8 cm longis; floribus 4-meris, sepalis petalisque glanduloso-punctatis.
A tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence, the ultimate branchlets, petioles and under surfaces of the leaves distinctly glandular- punctate, the branches terete, smooth, pale-brownish, the ultimate branch- lets somewhat compressed. Leaves opposite, the petioles 6 to 9 cm long, or those of unifoliolate leaves only about 2 cm long; leaflets usually three, sometimes solitary, oblong-obovate, ■ subcoriaceous, shining, paler beneath, 9 to 14 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, entire, the apex broad, abruptly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen about 1 cm long, the base decurrent-acuminafe, the 'lateral leaflets somewhat inequilateral; petio- lules 0.5 to 1.5 cm long; primary lateral nerves 8 or 9 on each side of the midrib, distant, irregular, anastomosing, the secondary ones often nearly as prominent. Cymes axillary, peduncled, the peduncles 3.5 to 5 cm long, solitary, glabrous, each cyme about 3 cm wide, the branches and branchlets emerous-puberulent. Flowers white, somewhat crowded, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, puberulent, each subtended by two of three, ovate, 1 mm long braeteoles. Sepals 4, orbicular, imbricate, about 3 mm in diameter, rounded, glandular-punctate, margins minutely ciliate.
95948 2
1 This Journal 3 (1908) Botany 411.
184
MERRILL.
Petals 4, oblong ox- oblong-ovate, about 5 xnm long, 2.2 to 2.5 mm wide, apex acute, minutely appendaged inside. Stamens 4, the filaments stout, 2 mm long, bearing imperfect, oblong, 1 mm long anthers. Ovary pubes- cent, deeply 4-lobed, 4-celled, each cell 2-ovuled ; style stout, 3 mm long, pubescent; stigma subcapitate. Staminate flowers and fruits unknown.
Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10520 Curran, June 10, 1908, near abaca (Musa teaotilis) plantations, altitude about 200 m.
A species well characterized by its abruptly acuminate leaflets, 3-foliolate and 1-foliolate leaves occurring on the same branches, its rather small, rather long- peduncled cymes, and comparatively large flowers. It is apparently as closely allied to Evodia glabra Bl., as to any other species, but is quite different from that.
MELIACEiE.
AGLAIA Lour.
Aglaia lanceolata sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Arbor parva vel arbuscula, ramulis foliis j uniori'bus inflorescentiisque densissime brunneo-lepidotis; foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, foliolis 7 ad 11, anguste lanceolatis, membranaceis vel chart aceis, apice sensim acuminatis, basi inaequilateralibus, acutis vel acuminatis, in sicco pallidis, nitidis, utrinque praesertim subtus plus minus brunneo-lepidotis ; pani- culis axillai’ibus terminalibusque, foliis subaequalibus vel brevioribus, diffusis, multifloris ; floribus minutis, 5-meris, racemose dispositis, breviter pedicellatis, tubo stamineo libero.
A small tree or shrub (2 m high according to the collector), all parts more or less brown-lepidote, the branchlets, infloi'escence and young leaves densely so. Branches terete, gray or brownish, ultimately gla- brous. Leaves alternate, 20 to 30 cm long, the rachis at first lepidote, ultimately glabrous or neai’ly so. Leaflets 7 to 11, alternate, or the upper ones opposite, narrowly lanceolate, 8 to 12 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, rather pale and somewhat shining when dry, the young ones densely brown-lepidote on both surfaces, the mature ones ultimately nearly glabrous, the apex narrowly and gradually acuminate, the base inequi- lateral, acute or acuminate ; nerves 15 to 20 on each side of the midrib, indistinct; petiolules about 2 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, about 15 cm long, pyramidal, diffuse, branched from the base, all parts densely brown-lepidote. Flowers 5-merous, small, racemosely disposed on the ultimate branchlets, very numerous, their pedicels about 1 mm long. Calyx-lobes lepidote, rounded, 0.5 mm long. Petals glabi’ous, orbicular or orbicular-elliptic, about 1 mm long. Staminal-tube globose, .glabrous, free from the petals, crenate at the apex;’ stamens 5, inserted at about the middle of the tube, included.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Amucucan, near Bayombong, Bur. Sci. 811/1 Ramos, May 13, 1909, in forests along streams.
A species manifestly allied to Aglaia angustifolia (Miq.) C. DC., but abundantly distinct, well characterized by its narrowly lanceolate leaves.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
185
DYSOXYLUM Blume.
Dysoxylum ve nosum sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor, partibus junioribus subtus foliis inflorescentiisque molliter puberulis; foliis altemis, imparipinnatis, foliolis 11, oblongis vel ellip- tico-oblongis, acuminatis, nitidis, supra glabris, in sicco pallidis, nervis utrinque eirciter 10, supra impressis, subtus prominentibus ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, brevibus, spiciformibus ; floribus 4-nieris, tubo stamineo libero, ovario pubescente.
A tree of medium size, the branches terete, grayish, glabrous, the branehlets, inflorescence, rachis and under surface of the leaflets softly pale-olivaceous-puberulent. Leaves about 45 cm long, alternate; leaflets 11, the lower ones alternate, the upper opposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 17 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, rather pale when dry, shining, the upper surface glabrous, or the midrib often puberulent, apex acuminate, base acute; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, impressed above, beneath prominent, anastomosing, . the reticulations lax, obscure; petio- lules puberulent, about 5 mm long. Inflorescences in the upper axils, and in the axils of fallen leaves, solitary, spiciform, unbranched, 4 cm long or less, the pedicels very short. Flower-buds globose, 4 mm in diameter, the calyx shortly 4-toothed, puberulent outside, the teeth triangular-ovate, 1 mm long or less. Petals 4, densely gray-puberulent outside, oblong or oblong-ovate, 4 mm long. Staminal-tube cylindric, free, glabrous, 3 mm long, minutely crenate. Anthers 8, included. Disk tubular, 1 mm long, obscurely denticulatej glabrous outside, pubescent within. Ovary ovoid,- densely pubescent, 4-celled ; style, including the stigma, about 2 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Mount Cura, For. Bur. 16839 Curran, March, 1909, altitude about 200 m.
A species much resembling D. turczaninowvi C. DC., but distinguished by its very strongly veined leaves, most parts densely puberulent, and many other characters.
Dysoxylum biflorum sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor glabra vel subglabra, partibus junioribus exceptis; foliis al- temis, abrupte pinnatis, 3-jugatis, foliolis elliptico-ovatis, subcaudato- acuminatis, basi acuminatis, subtus in venarum axillis glandulosis bar- batisque; inflorescentiis axillaribus, depauperato-paniculatis, pedunculis bifloris; floribus longe pedicellatis, 4-meris; calycibus pyriformibus, bre- viter obscure crenatis; petal is 4, glabris, tubo stamineo libero; ovario glabro vel subglabro, 4-loeulare.
A tree, nearly glabrous except the innovations which are somewhat pubescent. Branches terete, lenticellate, slender, brown. Leaves al- ternate, 20 cm long, equally pinnate, 3-jugate ; leaflets opposite, elliptic ovate to oblong-ovate, chartaceous or somewhat coriaceous, glabrous and shining on the upper surface, 6 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, the
186
MERRILL.
apex rather abruptly subcaudate-acuminate, acumen about 1 cm long, blunt, base acuminate; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent beneath, impressed above, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure, with a barbate gland in the axil of each nerve where it leaves the midrib; petiolules 3 to 5 mm long. Inflorescences few, axillary, each consisting of a 5 to 6 cm long peduncle, bearing at its apex two long-pedicelled flowers, each pedicel subtended by a small bract about 2 mm long, and each calyx subtended by a smaller, but similar bracteole; pedicels 1 cm long. Calyx pear-shaped, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter above, the mouth with four broad, obscure, rounded teeth. Petals 4, in bud elliptic, 3 mm long. Staminal-tube free, about 2 mm long, cylindric, denticulate; stamens 8, the anthers 1 mm long, included. Disk tubular, 1 mm long, free. Ovary ovoid, 4-celled, each cell 1-ovuled, glabrous or with few scattered hairs, including the short style 2 mm in length.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Cabagan River, For. Bur. 18563 Alvarez, April 22, 1909, altitude about 100 m.
A species well characterized by its two-flowered inflorescences.
MALPIGHIACEzE.
HIPTAGE Gaertn.
Leaves not gradually narrowed upward, obtuse or rounded; uniformly and dis- tinctly reticulate on both surfaces; flowers small 1. H. reticulata
Leaves more or less gradually narrowed upward to the acuminate or acute apex.
Leaves pubescent, often densely so.
Carpels small, less than 1.5' cm long, including the wings; leaves less than 2.5 cm in width.
An erect tree or shrub; leaves glabrous on the upper surface, densely pubescent with pale hairs beneath; racemes many flowered.
2. H. pubescens
Seandent ; leaves pubescent on both surfaces ; racemes few-flowered.
3. H. curranii
Carpels large, including the wings reaching 4.5 cm in length; leaves 3.5 to 5 cm wide 4. H. tetraptera
Leaves glabrous.
Carpels large, including the wings reaching a length of 8 cm.
5. H. macroptera
Carpels small, including the wings not exceeding 2.5 cm in length.
Leaves broad, rather abruptly acuminate, the lateral nerves 4 or 5; central
wing of the carpels 1 to 1.4 cm broad 6. E. cumingii
Leaves relatively narrow, gradually narrowed upward, the lateral nerves 6 or 7 ; central wing of the carpels less than 1 cm broad.
Leaves ample, usually exceeding 10 cm in length - 7. H. javamca
Leaves small, 6 cm long or less , 8. E. luzonica
1. Hiptage reticulata sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ( ?) ; foliis elliptico-oblongis, coriaceis, utrinque gla-
bris, nitidis, reticulatis, obtusis vel rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8 ; raeemis circiter 8 cm longis, leviter pubescentibus, compositis ; floribus vix 1 cm diametro.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 187
An erect or scandent shrub or a tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, coria- ceous, glabrous, shining, about 6 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, abruptly narrowed at both base and apex which are obtuse or rounded; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations rather close, distinct on both surfaces. Racemes compound, about 8 cm long, slightly pubescent, the pedicels about 10 mm long, scattered along the rachis, each subtended by a 1 mm long bracteole, and bearing at about the middle an additional bracteole subtending a sessile or shortly pedicelled bud. Calyx-gland very prominent, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Sepals 1.5 to 2 mm long, obtuse. Petals 3 to 4 mm long, rounded.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Vidal 22 43 in Herb. Kew.
This form has as yet not been rediscovered in the Philippines, and is described from the single specimen preserved in the Kew herbarium. It is well charac- terized by its elliptic-oblong, glabrous, shining, reticulate, blunt leaves, and by its comparatively small flowers.
2. Hiptage pubescens sp. nov.
Arbor parva usque ad 5 m alta, ramulis, subtus foliis, inflorescentiisque dense pallide adpresse sericeo-pubescentibus ; foliis coriaceis, elliptico- oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel acutis; racemis axillaribus foliis subaequalibus vel longioribus; carpellis vix 1.5 cm longis.
A small tree 4 to 5 m high (9 m according to Ramos). Branches brown or gray, terete, lenticellate, glabrous, the young branchlets densely and pale-silky-pubescent. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, glabrous and shining above, on the lower surface densely covered with pale, appressed, silky hairs; the base rounded or sometimes somewhat acute, the apex distinctly, often strongly and gradually acuminate; nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, obscurely anastomosing, obscured on the lower surface by the pubescence, but the hairs sometimes rubbing off, the veins then appearing brown in contrast to the pale surface of the leaf ; petioles 2 to 3 mm long, pubescent. Racemes axillary, solitary, about as long as the leaves, sometimes crowded in the upper axils and simulating a terminal inflorescence, many-flowered, densely silky-pubescent with pale appressed hairs, the pedicels 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers yellow or red, about 1 cm in diameter when open. Sepals obtuse, the gland prominent. Petals 5 to 6 mm long, obtuse, pubescent. Fruit of two carpels, somewhat pubescent, the central wing of -each carpel 10 to 12 mm long, about 5 mm wide, rounded or obtuse, the two lateral ones similar but less than' one-half as long, and truncate or rounded.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Mount Paraga, Bur. Sci. 7257 ■ Ramos, February, 1909 (type) : Lepanto-Bontoc, For. Bur. 11263 Klemme, February, 1908, altitude about 1,200 m: Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, For. Bur. 13979 Merritt & Darling, altitude about 1,000 m.
This species is readily recognizable by its comparatively small leaves and small
188
MERRILL.
fruits, but especially by the dense, pale, appressed, silky pubescence on the inflorescence, branchlets and lower surfaces of the leaves. It is remarkable in the genus in that it is erect and arborescent, not scandent. The trunk-diameter is given by the various collectors as from 8 to 30 cm.
Var. lanceolata var. nov.
A typo differt foliis angustioribus, lanceolatis, circiter 1 cm latis.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Norte, Badoc, For. Bur. 13955 Merritt & Darling, altitude about 65 m, locally known as pangardisin ; near Vintar, altitude 700 m, For. Bur. 13943 Merritt & D curling : Province of Iloeos Sur, For. Bur. 5632 Klemme.
In general appearance, pubescence, flowers, etc., quite the same as the species, differing only in its narrower and lanceolate leaves. The fruits are unknown.
3. Hiptage curran ii sp. nov.
Frutex seandens, omnibus partibus pubescens ; foliis coriaceis, elliptico- oblongis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5; racemis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris ; carpellis . circiter 1 cm longis.
A scandent shrub, reaching a height of 4 m, in vegetative characters similar to Hiptage pubescens Merr. Branches terete, slender, becoming glabrous, dark-colored, often nearly black, scarcely lenticellate, the branch- lets densely pale-pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic to broadly oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 4 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, the base acute, rarely obtuse, the apex gradually and distinctly acuminate, the upper surface covered with short, yellowish-brown hairs, the lower surface very densely pubescent with pale appressed hairs; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, anastomosing, not prom- inent; petioles densely pubescent, 3 to 4 mm long. Flowers unknown. Racemes in fruit 2.5 cm long or less, densely pubescent with pale hairs, few-flowered, often only three flowers in a raceme, or reduced to a single flower. Fruit of two . carpels, more1 or less pubescent, the central wing of each carpel rather thin, 1 cm long, about 5 mm wide, the lateral ones similar but less than one-half as long.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Baquilis River, For. Bur. 6951 Curran, May 9, 1907, in the dry river bed.
Similar in most respects to E. pubescens, differing in being scandent instead of erect, in its short, few-flowered racemes, and by its leaves being pubescent on both surfaces, mostly acute at the base, and with fewer lateral nerves.
4. Hiptage tetraptera sp. nov.
Frutex subereetus, vix seandens, omnibus partibus plus minus adpresse pubescens; foliis coriaceis, ovatis velanguste ovatis, obscure late acum- inatis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5 ; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, simplieibus ; carpellis 1 vel 2, alato-cristatis, crista 1 ad 1.5 cm longa.
A suberect shrub about 2 m high, scarcely scandent. Branches terete, pale, densely appressed-pubescent with short, pale hairs. Leaves opposite,
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 189
coriaceous, 6 to 8 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, the upper surface somewhat appressed-pubescent, especially on the nerves, later becoming subglabrous, the lower surface rather densely pubescent with short, pale, appressed hairs, the base rounded or subacute, the apex obscurely and broadly acuminate; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, distinct, curved- ascending, the reticulations obscure ; petioles pubescent, the apical glands prominent. Racemes -axillary, solitary, 8 to 10 cm long, pubescent, the pedicels 1 to 2 cm long. Sepals pubescent, obtuse.- Petals unknown. Carpels one or two, somewhat appressed-pubescent, about 8 mm long and wide, the crest prolonged into a narrow, oblong or oblong-lanceolate wing, 1 to 1.5 cm long and 3 to 4 mm wide; central wing 3.5 to 4.5 cm long, about 1.5 cm wide, rounded, the lateral ones similar and about one-half as large.
Palawan, Separation Point, Merrill 1191, February 18, 1903.
A species recognizable by its pubescent leaves, and especially by its carpel- crests being prolonged into a manifest wing, making the carpels appear as though they were four-winged, whence the specific name.
5. Hiptage macroptera sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber vel subglaber ; f oliis elliptico-oblongis vel ovato-ellipticis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6; racemis densis, axillaribus; carpellis 1 vel 2, obscure late carinatis, vix cristatis, ala media usque ad 7 cm longa.
A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, reddish-brown or grayish, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong to ovate-elliptic, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, glabrous, shining, the base rounded, rarely subacute, the apex prominently and usually abruptly acuminate; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved upward, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations not prominent ; petioles about 7 mm long, the leaf -base with usually two distinct glands at the junction with the petiole. Racemes axillary, solitary, densely rather many-flowered, pubescent, in anthesis 4 to 5 cm long, longer in fruit. Flowers pinkish-white, their pedicels 10 to 12 mm long, longer in fruit. Sepals elliptic, rounded, about 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, pubescent. Petals 10 to 12 mm long, prominently fimbriate. Carpels one or two, slightly pubescent, with a broad low ridge along the top but scarcely crested, the central wing 6 to 7 cm long, usually about 1.5 cm wide, somewhat narrowed at both ends, apex obtuse, the lateral wings similar and about one-half as long.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n., May, 1907, the specimen in fruit (type), and also no. 1056, same date, in flower.
This species grows in thickets and forests along the margin of the lake, the young leaves and rather prominent fruits being red in color. It is manifestly allied to E. benghalensis (L.) O. Ktze., differing especially in its much larger wings.
190
MERRILL.
6. Hiptage cumingii sp. nov.
Eiptage madablota Vid. Phan. Cum. Philip. (1885) 99, non Gaertn.
Scandens, inflorescentiis exeeptis glabra vel subglabra; foliis coriaceis, ovato-ellipticis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5 ; racemis simplicibus, foliis subaequilongis ; carpellis 2 vel 3, vix vel obscure cristatis, ala media 1.5 ad 2 cm longa.
A scandent shrub, glabrous or nearly glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, lenticellate, rather slender, usually reddish-brown, the branchlets more or less pubescent soon becoming glabrous. Leaves coria- ceous, ovate-elliptic to oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 9 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, shining above, the base acute or rounded, the apex distinctly and often abruptly acuminate; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations not distinct; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Bacemes axillary, solitary, mostly in the upper axils and simulating a terminal inflorescence, 5 to 8 cm long, pubescent, the flowers numerous, the pedicels about 1 cm long, somewhat elongated in fruit, the bracteoles near the middle about 2 mm in length. Sepals oblong, rounded, about 3 mm long. Petals 6 to 7 mm long, pubescent. Carpels 2 or 3, somewhat appressed-pubeseent, not or very obscurely crested, the central wing broadly oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 1.5 to 2 cm long, often nearly 1.4 cm -wide, the lateral ones about one-half as long.
Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Cuming 971 (type).
I am also disposed to refer here For. Bur. 6732 Merritt, from near Pinamalayan, Mindoro, which differs from Cuming’s specimen in having the leaves somewhat pubescent beneath, and in its very slightly smaller fruits, and Bur. SSoi. 753 Foxworthy from Mount Victoria, Palawan, the latter very closely matching the type.
Hiptage cumingii is manifestly allied to H. benghalensis (L.) 0. Ktze. (H. madablota Gaertn.), but differs especially in its smaller, fewer-nerved leaves, smaller flowers, its crestless carpels, and much smaller wings.
7. Hiptage javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 224; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 3 (1858) 586; Hoehr. PI. Bogor. Exsice. no. 32.
Mindanao, District of Cotabato, near Fort Reina Regente, For. Bur. 3944 Hutchinson.
This specimen closely matches a very full series of specimens representing Blume’s species, received from the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, differing in having some of the leaves slightly wider. The species has not previously been recorded otherwise than from Java.
There are in this herbarium four specimens, all with flowers, from the Prov- ince of Rizal, Luzon, that previously have been referred to H. madablota Gaertn., and the duplicates distributed under that name. This material is manifestly not specifically the same as Gaertner’s species, and may possibly be referable to H. javanica Bl., although there are some manifest differences in vegetative char- acters, especially in the much more obscure reticulations. Otherwise the speci- mens very closely resemble H. javanica Bl., but in the absence of fruiting material, they are not at present definitely referred to that species. The specimens are
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
191
Merrill 1104, 5046, and For. Bur. 420, 2660 Ahern’s collector. H. madablota Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 22, f. A. (non Gaertn.) manifestly represents the same form as the four specimens above mentioned.
8. H iptage luzonica Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 33, Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 74.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 1148.
This species is known only from the original collection, and the type is possibly only a dwarfed state of the Rizal form discussed above under E. javanica Bl. A full series of specimens will be necessary definitely to settle this point. So 1 far as our material goes, H. luzonica is distinguishable by its small leaves.
Hiptage madablota Gaertn. (=H. benghalensis (L.) 0. Ktze.) has been cred- ited to the Archipelago by various authors, but I have seen no Philippine material that I consider to be referable to that species. The plant so figured by Vidal in his “Sinopsis Atlas” unquestionably represents the Luzon form discussed under H. javanica, while the plant so identified by him in his “Phanerogamae Cumin- gianae Philippinarum” has above been made the type of a new species, H. cumingii. The form so credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar in the “Novissima Appendix” is doubtless, for most part, the same as that figured by Vidal, as the specimens F.-Villar examined came from the Province of Manila ( = Rizal ) .
Triopteris jamaicensis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 379, ed. 2 (1845) 207, non Linn., is manifestly Hiptage, although not H. madablota Gaertn., where it was referred by F.-Villar. It is probably the form figured by Vidal, mentioned above, as this is apparently the only species of the genus that is at all common in the region from which Blanco secured most of his material.
EUPHORBIACEiE.
ACALYPHA Linn.
Acalypha grandibracteata sp. nov.
Species A. stipulaceae valde affinis, differt foliis latioribus, basi cordatis vel subcordatis, bracteis multo majoribus, usque ad l'ad 2 cm longis.
A shrub or small tree, slightly puberulent or pubescent. Branches pale or reddish-brown, puberulent, sometimes stout and thickened. Leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, 12 to 20 cm long, 7 to 15 cm wide, with minute, scattered, white pustules on both surfaces, and with, very few, scattered, long hairs, the margins regularly and rather finely crenate-serrate, the apex acuminate, the base broad and cordate or subcordate, palmately 7- or 9-nerved from the base ; petioles 20 cmdn length or less ; stipules linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Staminate and pistillate spikes on the same plant, or apparently more often on separate plants, the staminate ones dense, cylin- dric, pubescent, often 20 cm long, about 3 mm in diameter, the flowers *3- or 4-merous. Pistillate spikes peduncled, stout, 20 cm long or less, about 2 cm in diameter, the bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, toothed, about 1 cm long, the lowermost ones sometimes 2 cm in length, more or less appressed-hirsute on the back, the pistillate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. Ovary hirsute; styles nearly 3 mm long, split
192
MERRILL.
into several^ filiform, elongated lobes. Capsule' about 2 mm loiig, hirsute, the seeds elliptic-oblong,. 1.2 mm long, smooth and glabrous.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3601 Fenios (type), with staminate and pistillate spikes on the same branch, Bur. Sci. 3206 Mearns, May, 1907, with pistillate spikes. A narrower-leaved form is apparently represented by Bur. Sci. 4084 Fenix, from Camiguin Island, Babuyanes, locally known as ajas.
These specimens were previously referred by me to Acalypha stipulacea Klotz., which they closely resemble in many respects, differing especially in the points noted in the diagnosis above.
Acalypha australis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1004; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1894) 437.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 1800, 1869 Ramos, April, 1909.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; Manchuria and Japan to southern China.
ALCHORNEA Muell.-Arg.
Alchornea sicca (Blanco) comb. nov.
Excoecaria sicca Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 787, ed. 2 (1845) 542, ed. 3, 3:94; Naves 1. c. ed. 3, pi. 301.
Stipellaria parvifiora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew. Miseel. 6 (1854) 4.
Alchornea parvifiora Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 168, DC. Prodr.
1 5 2 : 902 ; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 144, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 244; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 194.
Alchornea mollis F.-Vill. 1. c., non Muell.-Arg.
“Acalypha tiliaefolia Muell.-Arg.”; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 244.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 3334, 5220 Ramos, Vidal 592, 1110 (herb. Kew.), Loher 4661 : Province of Laguna, Elmer: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 18314 Currcm. Negeos, Cuming 1800.
Blanco’s description unmistakably applies to this species, and his name being the earliest one is here adopted. Cuming’s specimen was from Negros according to his own list of localities. The enumeration of “Acalypha tiliaefolia Muell.- Arg.” by Vidal seems to have been a slip for “Alchornea tiliaefolia Muell.-Arg.” There is no such species as “Acalypha tiliaefolia Muell.-Arg.”
DIMORPHOCALYX Thwaites.
Dimorphocalyx luzoniensis sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, dioica, circiter 12 m alta; foliis alternis, cbartaceis, elliptico-ovatis, acuminatis, integTis vel distanter obscureque denticulatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; inflorescentiis axillaribus, racemoso-cymosis, quam folia brevioribus ; floribus masculinis circiter 8 mm longis, stamini- bus 15, filamentis in columna connatis sed exterioribus elongatis, fere liberis; floribus femineis albis, 2.5 cm diametro, sepalis liberis, accres- centibus.
A glabrous dioecious tree about 12 m high. Branches slender, terete,* grayish-brown, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate, chartaceous, grayish or brownish and somewhat shining when dry, 10 to 15 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the base rounded or somewhat acute, the apex sharply acuminate, the margins entire or distantly denticulate with
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 193
very small subglandular teeth ; petioles 1 to 3 cm long ; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct, the reticulations lax. Inflorescence axillary, shorter than the leaves, of racemosely arranged cymes, the staminate and pistillate similar. Pistillate flowers white, ample, their pedicels 7 to 10 mm long. Calyx of five free sepals, im- bricate, elliptic-ovate, rounded, often slightly retuse, glabrous, 1.2 to 2 cm long, 6 to 12 mm wide, reticulate, apparently persistent. Petals 5, imbricate, broadly elliptic-ovate, about 10 mm long, 8 mm wide, apex rounded, not reticulate or nerved. Disk small. Staminodes none. Ovary glabrous, longitudinally 3-sulcate, the lobes rounded, 3-celled, each cell with a single ovule; styles 3, free, about 5 mm long, each cleft half way to the base into two divergent arms. Staminate flowers smaller than the pistillate ones. Calyx 5 to 6 mm long, cleft into five elliptic- oblong, imbricate, obtuse lobes about 3 mm long and 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Petals 5, free, imbricate, oblong-elliptic, rounded, 7 to 8 mm long, 4 mm wide. Disk-glands 5, prominent, white, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Stamens 15, the filaments all more or less united into a column, the interior ones very short, the outer five longer and nearly free, these outer ones about
3.5 mm long, the free, portions of the inner ones progressively shorter; anthers introrse. Rudimentary ovary none.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Los Banos, For. Bur. 11907 Tamesis, January 22, 1910, pistillate flowers; same locality, Bautista s. n., February 11, 1904, staminate flowers. Borders of clearings, altitude about 100 m.
AQUIFOLIACEiE.
ILEX Linn.
Ilex foxworthyi sp. nov. § Thyrsoprinus, Indico-Malaicae.
Arbor infloreseentiis exceptis glabra, circiter 8 m alta; foliis ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, coriaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, nitidis, subtus obscure minutissime dense puncticulatis et punctis majoribus sparsis intermixtis, nervis utrinque circiter 7; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, in alabastro circiter 3 cm longis, puberulis, floribus femineis 5- vel 6-meris.
A tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches gray, terete, wrinkled when dry, not lenticellate. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, shining, brown or olivaceous when dry, and slightly paler beneath, the margins recurved, entire, 4 to 9 cm long,
2.5 to 5 cm wide, the lower surface very minutely, obscurely, and densely puncticulate, and with scattered larger points, the latter not prominent, the apex shortly blunt-acuminate, base rather broad, acute; nerves about 7 on each side o| the midrib, not prominent, slender, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, about as distinct on the upper sur- face as on the lower; petioles 1 cm long or somewhat less on the smaller leaves. Pistillate flowers racemose, the racemes axillary, solitary, simple, in bud 3 cm long or less, puberulent, some flowers also occurring solitary
194
MERRILL.
or in pairs on the growing branchlets, the pedicels puberulent, 3 to 4 mm long, each subtended by a triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, puberulent, 1 mm long bracteole. Pistillate flowers (in bud), 5- or 6-merous, the buds globose, the calyx-segments elliptic, rounded, puberu- lent, about 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, imbricate. Corolla (immature) nearly 3 mm long. Staminodes 1 mm long, bearing imperfect anthers. Ovary not compressed, subglobose, 5- or 6-celled, the stigma nearly as broad as the ovary, somewhat sulcate. Staminate flowers and fruits unknown.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 2J/16 Foxworthy, March 24, 1907, altitude about 1,450 m.
This species is apparently allied to Ilex malaccensis Loesener, of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, but its leaves with the lateral nerves distinctly visible on the upper surface, acute at the base, and its 5- or 6-celled ©Varies are ap- parently sufficiently distinctive to warrant the description of the present form as new.
It is also allied to Ilex halconensis Merr., but is distinguished at once by its puberulent racemes.
ICACINACE^E.
UR AN DR A Thwaites.
Urandra hallieri sp. nov.
Arbor glabra vel subglabra, circiter 20 m alta ; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, in sicco pallidis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, tenuibus, obscuris; cymis peduneu- latis, axillaribus, solitariis, quam petiolus paullo longioribus, floribus 5-meris, calyce truncato, connectivo antherarum longe barbato.
A tree about 20 m high, glabrous, or the younger branchlets and inflorescence more or less puberulent. Branches terete, brownish or olivaceous, smooth or slightly wrinkled when dry. Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic, coriaceous, 10 to 16 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, pale and somewhat shining when dry, the apex shortly and abruptly blunt-acum- inate, the base acute or slightly acuminate, the margins entire, often slightly revolute; midrib prominent, the lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure on both surfaces, the primary ones fyardly more prominent than are the secondary ones, the reticulations faint on the upper surface, obsolete or subobsolete beneath; petioles about 2 cm long. Cymes axillary, solitary, peduneled, about 3 cm in diameter, the peduncles about as long as the petioles. Flowers sessile in fascicles of three each at the tips of the umbellately disposed primary, branches, 4-merous. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, slightly puberulent, truncate, about 2 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, slightly puberulent outside and on the margins, strongly wrinkled when dry. Petals 4, narrowly oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, valvate, near the base the margins slightly coherent, the apex acute or obtuse, appendaged
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
195
/
inside. Stamens 4, the filaments about 4.5 mm long, flattened, 1 mm wide and of about the same width throughout, the anterior face at the base of the anther bearded with long hairs; anthers about 1 mm long, the back and apex of the connective very densely bearded with numerous, pale, rather stout, soft hairs about 4 mm long, the tips of the hairs somewhat club-shaped. Disk prominent, truncate. Ovary conical, gla- brous, strongly wrinkled, tipped by the very short style.
Basilan, Hallier s. n., January, 1904 (type). Mindanao, District of Zam- boanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9176 Whitford & Hutchinson, December 9, 1907, in dipterocarp forests at an altitude of about 20 m.
A species in gross characters very similar to Urandra apicalis Thwaites, of Ceylon, but distinguished at once by its truncate calyx.
Uranttra elliptica sp. nov.
Arbor glabra circiter 30 m alta; foliis coriaceis, ellipticis vel late ellipticis, utrinque late rotundatis vel apice abrupte brevissime acumi-
natis, coriaceis, nitidis, circiter 10 cm longis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5;
fructibus globosis, 1.5 cm diametro.
A glabrous tree about 30 m high, the trunk 90 cm in diameter. Branches terete, smooth, brown-olivaceous or reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, shining and of about the same color on both surfaces, elliptic or broadly elliptic, 8 to 11 cm long, 6 to 9 cm wide, equally and very
broadly rounded at both ends, or the apex very abruptly and shortly
acuminate; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, distant, curved- ascending and faintly anastomosing, the reticulations lax, not prominent ; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence (young) axillary, peduncled, of three or four spicately arranged, short branches, each branch with about 6 pairs of densely imbricated, distichous, broadly ovate, brown, 1 mm long bracteoles. Flowers unknown. Fruit globose, yellow and somewhat fleshy when fresh, about 1.5 cm in diameter, one or two developing from each branch of the inflorescence, the rachis slightly elongated, thickened, the peduncles of the fruits stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long. '
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Duale, For. Bur. 20003 Topacio, September 14, 1909, in semi-open flat country, altitude about 100 m.
Well characterized by its broadly elliptic leaves.
SABIACEiE.
MELIOSMA Blume.
Meliosma reticulata sp. nov.
Arbor parva, circiter 4 m alta, ramulis, foliolis ad nervos, petiolis, paniculisque dense f errugineo-villosis ; foliis imparipinnatis, foliolis 5 ad 11, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, utrinque valde reticulatis, apice rotundatis vel abrupte brevissime acuminatis, margine distanter denticulatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, prominentibus ; paniculis termina- libus, foliis subaequalibus ; floribus numerosis, subsessilibus.
196
MERRILL.
A small tree about 4 m high. Ultimate branches rather stout, dark- brown, glabrous or nearly so, nearly 1 cm in diameter, the growing parts smaller and densely ferruginous-villous. Leaves alternate, 40 cm long or less, the petiole, rachis, petiolules, and midrib and nerves on both surfaces of the leaflets densely f erruginous-villous ; leaflets 5 to 11, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 6 to 11 cm long, 3 to 6.5 cm wide, the base broad, rounded, the apex also broad, rounded or very abruptly and shortly acuminate, the margins in the lower half entire, above with few, small, scattered teeth; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, and with the rather lax primary reticulations impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath ; petiolules 12 mm long or less. Panicles terminal, as long as the leaves, the branches few, the lower ones often 15 to 20 cm long, all parts densely ferruginous-, villous. Flowers white, subsessile, the bracteoles about 2 mm long. Calyx-segments 4 or 5, ovate to suborbicular, the outer ones smaller than the inner and more or less ferruginous-vill'Ous. Three larger petals orbicular, about 3 mm in diameter, the two smaller ones reduced to mere scales less than 1 mm long and adnate to the filaments. Fertile stamens 2, the filaments less than 1.3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Losod, Bur. Sci. 559 If Ramos, December, 1908. I am inclined to refer here also For. Bur, 15803 Curran, from the Kuyapa District in Benguet, but the specimen is with nearly mature fruit, and differs from the type in being very much less pubescent, possibly due to development. The fruits are narrowly obovoid, slighly compressed, and about 6 mm long. The two specimens in other characters than the pubescence are very similar.
The species is well characterized by its dense ferruginous pubescence which extends even to the nerves on both sides of the leaflets, and by its very strongly reticulate leaflets.
VITACEzE.
LEE A Linn.
Leea quadrifida sp. nov.
Arbuscula circiter 1 m alta; foliis pinnatis, foliolis circiter 10, oblongis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus glandulis numerosis, brun- neis, parvis sed prominentibus, conspersis; cymis brevibus, floribus con- gests, 4-meris.
A shrub about 1 m high. Branches brown, somewhat pubescent. Leaves alternate, simply pinnate, 40 to 50 cm long, the rachis prominently longitudinally sulcate, the petiole not dilated at the base, when very young brown-puberulent. Leaflets oblong, firmly ehartaceous," 14 to 20 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the base rounded, very slightly inequilateral, the margins obscurely and distantly crenulate or denticulate, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, grayish and somewhat shining when dry, the lower surface brown, pubes- cent or puberulent on the nerves and midrib, the whole surface with numerous, small, elevated, brown glands distinctly visible to the naked
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 197
eye ; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, some- what ascending, nearly straight, anastomosing near the margin, the reticu- lations distinct on the- lower surface ; petiolules about 1 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, brown-pubescent, the stipe about 1 cm long, very stout, bearing about 4 primary branches 5 to 6 cm long, branched near the apex, and bearing numerous, subsessile, congested, white flowers. Calyx 4 to 5 mm long, slightly pubescent, brown when dry, 4-toothed, the teeth broadly, ovate, 1.5 to 2 mm long, with few scattered glands. Corolla 6 mm long, the lobes 4, reflexed in anthesis, oblong, 3 mm long. Anthers 4, 2 mm long, connate, indexed and included in the tube.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 18309 Tamesis, Sep- tember 25, 1909, in forests, altitude about 700. m.
A most distinct species, well characterized' by its prominently glandular leaflets, but especially by its 4-merous flowers, in the latter character differing from all species of the genus known to me.
MALVACEAE.
ABUTILON Tourn.
Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) G. Don Gen. Syst. 1 (1831) 503.
Sida hirta Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 7.
Abutilon graveolens W. & A. var. hirtum Mast, in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 327.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Mrs. Clemens 675, Hallier s. n.
Widely distributed in the Tropics.
This is probably* the form credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar2 as A. graveolens W. & A. If the forms described as Abutilon graveolens W. & A., and A. hirtum (Lam.) G. Don, are varietally distinct, as several authors consider them, it is believed that the specific name should be that of the one first described.
GUTTIFEKAE.
CALOPHYLLUM Linn.
Calophyllum gracilipes sp. nov. § Microphyllum.
Arbor glabra circiter 12 m alta, ramis tenuibus, teretibus, ramulis valde quadrangulatis, circiter 1.5 mm diametro; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, firmiter membranaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, nitidis, subtus pallidis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis; inflores- centiis axillaribus, solitariis, racemis 3-floris, pedicellis tenuibus, 2 ad 3 cm longis, floribus 4-meris, circiter 1.5 cm diametro.
A tree about 12 m high, glabrous throughout except the short, brown- puberulent terminal buds. Branches slender, terete, brown or olivaceous, the branchlets strongly 4-angled, slender, about 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, firmly mem- branaceous or subcoriace'ous, shining when dry, the lower surface paler
2 Nov. App. (1880)- 23.
198
MERRILL.
than the upper, the base acute, the apex shortly and bluntly acuminate ; nerves very numerous, densely disposed, about as prominent on one sur- face as on the other; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, 3 -flowered, the peduncles slender, about 1 cm long, the pedicels very slender, 2 to 3 cm long, umbellately arranged at the apex of the peduncle. Flowers white, the outer two sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, about 5 mm long, the inner two similar but petaloid. Petals 4, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, about 8 mm long. Stamens indefinite. Ovary glabrous, globose or ovoid ; style 4 'mm long.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9^05 Whitford dc Hutchinson, February 3, 1908, in ridge forests at an altitude of about 600 m; also represented by Williams 2193, from the Sax River, same district, February 28, 1905.
A species similar in vegetative characters to Galophyllum lohitfordii Merr., at once recognizable by its 3-flowered, solitary, axillary racemes, and very slender, elongated pedicels.
Calophyllum racemosum sp. nov. § Inophyllum.
Arbor circiter 11 m alta, glabra, gemmis ferrugineo-puberulis ex- ceptis; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad. 25 cm longis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, margine distincte revolutis; raeemis simpli- cibus, axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 10 cm longis, floribu's circiter 2 cm diametro.
A tree about 11 m high, glabrous except the ferruginous-puberulent terminal buds which are lanceolate and 1 to 1.5, cm long. Branches stout, terete, somewhat rugose, brown "to olivaceous, the branchlets some- what angled, sulcate. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, shining, when dry about the same color on both surfaces, or somewhat paler beneath, the apex distinctly and rather abruptly acuminate, the base acute, the margins rather strongly revolute; nerves very numerous, close, about equally distinct on both surfaces; petioles rather stout, 1 to 2 cm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, 10 cm long or less, simple, each with from 6 to 10 flowers, the pedicels 1 to 2 cm long, those of the lower flowers the longer. Sepals orbicular- ovate, 8 to 10 mm long. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Fruit (im- mature) ovoid, glaucous, smooth, 1 to 1.5 cm long, apiculate.
Leyte, between Dolores and Ormoc, For. Bur. 12620 Rosenbluth (type), Feb- ruary 26, 1909, in forests/ altitude about 100 m. I am disposed to refer here also the following specimens from Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1009, a luxuriant form, the racemes forming almost leafless, terminal panicles, and Williams 2121f, 2346, with immature fruits, from the Sax River, District of Zamboanga.
A species well characterized by being entirely glabrous, except the terminal buds, the margins of the leaves distinctly revolute, and the flowers arranged in simple racemes. It is probably as closely allied to Calophyllum blancoi PI. & Tr., as to any other species but is distinguished by the above characters.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
199
Calophyllum amplexicaule Choisy ex Planch. & Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV 15 (1861) 281; Vesque in DC. Monog. Phan. 8 (1893) 564; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 96, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 54.
Tovomita pentapetala Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 432, ed. 2 (1845) 301, ed. 3, 2:194.
Ochrocarpus pentapetalus F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 17.
Luzon, Province of Iloeos Norte, Cuming 1077 (type number) : Province of Pangasinan, Salasa, For. Bur. 9625 Zscholcke: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 8226, 8229, 8236 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. J}755, 5100 Ramos.
This species is here 'enumerated chiefly to call attention to the reduction of Blanco’s Tovomita pentapetala, which was referred by F.-Villar to Ochrocarpus. Blanco’s material was from the Provinces of Iloeos Norte and Sur, and he speaks of the plant as being common near the seashore, flowering in December, and locally known as Pamitlain and Pdmitlatin. The specimen collected by Cuming, on which Calophyllum amplexicaule Choisy was based, was also from Iloeos Norte, according to Cuming’s own list of localities, and not from Albay, as stated by Vesque; that the former is probably correct is borne out by the fact that the species is only known from northern Luzon, and has so far never been found in the south. Blanco’s description applies absolutely to Calophyllum amplexicaule with the exception of the flowers, which he describes as having two sepals, and five petals. This was undoubtedly an error on his part, due to misconception of the parts of the flower. This is the only plant known to me that agrees with Blanco’s description as to its resinous properties, sessile leaves, etc., and even to the axillary glands mentioned by him, these glands being really the axillary buds. The specimen from Pangasinan was received under the native name “Pamitaoyon.”
Blanco’s specific name is hence the oldest available one for the species, but I am loath to transfer it to Calophyllum, as it was apparently selected by him on a misconception of the floral parts, and in no way applies to any Species of the genus, all the species of Calophyllum having 4-merous flowers.
GARCINIA Linn.
Garcinia cordata sp. nov. § Eugarcinia.
Arbor glabra eirciter 8 m alta ; foliis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, ovato- lanceolatis vel late lanceolatis, ehartaceis vel subcoriaceis, nitidis, apice aeutis vel obscure acuminatis, basi late rotundatis distincte cordatis, nervis utrinque 20 ad 25; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, pedicellatis, 4-meris, staminibus numerosis, in phalangibus 4 brevissime stipitatis vel subsessilibus dense congestis ; pistilli rudimento fungiforme.
A glabrous tree about 8 m high. Branches brown, terete, the branch- lets distinctly 4-angled, frequently olivaceous. Leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 16 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, broadest in the lower part, chartaceous or sub- coriaceous, shining, the apex acute or obscurely acuminate, the base broad, rounded, distinctly cordate ; lateral nerves 20 to 25 on each side of the midrib, slender, irregular, the reticulations nearly obsolete. Mowers axillary, fascicled, white, 4-merous, 4 to 8 in each axil, their pedicels about 7 mm long. Outer two sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 4 mm long, smaller than the inner two which are petaloid. Petals membranaceous, 95948 3
200
MERRILL.
elliptic-ovate, rounded, concave, 5 to 6 mm long. Stamens indefinite, arranged on both sides of four very slightly stipitate of subsessile, ijar- rowly obovoid phalanges. Rudimentary ovary fungiform, the stipe about 3 mm long, the stigma circular, 2 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 17236 Curran, March 8, 1909, on river banks near sea level.
A species well characterized by its ovate-lanceolate or broadly, lanceolate, sessile leaves which are broadest in the lower part and distinctly cordate at the base. Among the Philippine species apparently allied to Oarcinia dives Pierre, and G. eugeniaefolia Wall., but very different from both.
KAYE A Wall.
Kayea brevipes sp. nov. § Eukayea.
Arbor glabra circiter 10 m alta; foliis anguste oblongo-ellipticis vel anguste oblongis, usque ad 23 cm longis, subcoriaceis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice aeuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 30, petiolo crasso, furfuraceo, 3 ad 4 mm longo ; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, circiter 2.6 cm diametro.
A glabrous tree about 10 m high. Branches and branchlets terete, grayish-brown, rather slender. Leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic or nar- rowly oblong, 15 to 23 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, narrowed towards both ends, the base acute, the apex sharply acuminate, subcoriaceous, when dry shining and somewhat pale; primary nerves about 30 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, anastomosing, the alternating secondary nerves frequently nearly as distinct; petioles stout, furfuraceous, 3 to 4 mm long. Flowers yellow, solitary, axillary, sessile or subsessile, about 2.6 cm in diameter: Outer two sepals orbicular-ovate, 7 to 8 mm long, coriaceous, concave, obtuse, the inner two similar, thinner. Petals oblong- obovate,' about 13 mm long, the apex broad, retuse. Stamens indefinite. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, 8-ovulate.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Amucucan, For. Bur. 14846 Darling, May 13, 1909, along streams at an altitude of about 500 m, locally known as babac.
A species allied to Kayea navesii (F.-Vill.) Vesque, differing especially in its much shorter petioles and larger flowers. It is probably the species identified by Vidal as “Ochrocarpus longifolius Thouars ? and of which he figures a leaf only (Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 12, f. E.).
VIOLACE^E.
VIOLA Linn.
Viola patrinii Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 293; Hook. f. & Thoms, in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 183; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886) 53.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17095 Curran: District of Lepanto, Merrill 4452, 4499: Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5899, 5999 Ramos, For. Bur. 5097, 10940 Curran, Bur. Sci.' 2412, 2767, 3554 Mearns. Mindoro, For. Bur. 9771 Merritt. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 21, and several unnumbered specimens: Bokidnon, Worcester.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
201
Not previously reported from the Philippines; India to Amur and Manchuria, Japan, China and Formosa: reported also from Timor. As in China, the species is very variable in the Philippines.
Viola diffusa Ging in DC. Prodr. T (1824) 293; Forbes & Hemsl. 1. c. 52.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Balili, Merrill Jf612, November, 1905, growing in crevices of rocks on terraces of coffee plantations.
Himalaya and Khasia Mountains to China and Formosa; not previously re- ported from the Philippines. ■
Viola mearnsii sp. nov.
Planta nana, glabra, acaulis, vix stolonifera, 2 ad 3 cm alta; foliis ovatis vel late cordato-ovatis, acutis vel obtusis, crenatis, membranaceis, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis, basi cordatis; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 4 ad 5 mm longis, parce setaceo-dentatis ; bracteolis 2, linearibns, circiter 4 mm longis; floribns albis, circiter 6.5 mm longis, calcare saccato.
A small, glabrous, acaulescent, hon-stoloniferous plant 2 to 3 cm high or less. Leaves membranaceous, ovate or broadly cordate-ovate, obtuse or acute, base strongly cordate, the lobes and sinus rounded, margins cre- nate, 1 to 1.5 cm long, nearly as wide; petioles slender 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 4 to 5 mm long, slightly setaceous- dentate. Peduncles about 3 cm long, often shorter, slender, glabrous, bearing above the middle a pair of linear bracts about 4 mm long. Flowers white, solitary, about 6.5 mm long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, 3 mm long, 3-nerved. Spur ovoid, saccate, 2 mm long or less.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. J/625 Mearns & Hutchinson (type), May, 1906. Two specimens from Luzon are apparently referable here, Copeland s. n., from Mount Banajao, Province of Laguna, and Bur. Sci. JfSIO Mearns from Pauai, Province of Benguet.
RINOREA Aubl.
Rinorea acuminata sp. nov. § Prothesia.
Arbuscula circiter 2.5 m alta subglabra, ramulis junioribus inflores- centiisque exceptis; foliis membranaceis vel chartaceis, nitidis, oblongis vel anguste oblongo-ellipticis, apice valde tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, prominentibus ; cymis axillaribus, brevibus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; staminibus inclusis, antheris liberis.
A shrub about 2.5 m high, the branchlets and inflorescence rather densely ferruginous-pubescent, the branches gray, ultimately glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous, oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, about 20 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide, shining, glabrous, or when young with very few hairs beneath, especially on the midrib, the apex strongly and slenderly sharp-acuminate, base acute, margins sub- entire, very obscurely glandular-crenate, or very obscurely glandular- undulate; nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations subparallel; petioles pubescent or glabrous, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, about as long as the petioles, fer-
202
MERRILL.
ruginous-pubescent. Sepals orbicular or orbicular-ovate, rounded, pubes- cent externally, 5 mm in diameter. Petals glabrous, elliptic-oblong, glabrous, obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide. Disk 1 mm long, the stamens inserted on it, included, their filaments 1 mm long; appendage to the connective orbicular, rounded, 1 mm in diameter, membranaceous, the anther-cells tipped with a narrow appendage. Ovary pubescent; style glabrous, 2 mm long.
Cebtj, Mount Lieos, For. Bur. 6455 Everett, February, 1907, on steep rocky slopes, altitude 400 m. V., Maupao.
A species very closely allied to Rinorea copelandii Merr., differing especially in its nearly glabrous, very strongly acuminate leaves, fewer-flowered cymes, and somewhat larger flowers.
A specimen from the Catanduanes Islands, For. Bur. 6682 Pray is probably referable here, differing from the type in its- nearly glabrous branehlets.
COMBRETACE2E.
TERM I N ALI A Linn.
Terminalia darlingii sp. nov. § Diptera.
Arbor subglabra circiter 10 m alta; foliis coriaceis, ad apices ramulo- rum densissime dispositis, anguste oblongo-obovatis, nitidis, apice abrupte subtruncato-rotundatis, late breviter. acuminatis, basi sensim angustatis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, petiolo 1 ad 1.5 cm longo ; fructibus in spieis patulis vel reflexis dense dispositis, ellipticis, compressis, 3 cm longis, 2-alatis.
A tree about 10 m high, nearly glabrous throughout. Branches stout, the ultimate branehlets much thickened at the ends for the upper 6 to 8 cm and there up to 1.5 cm in diameter, strongly marked with the scars of fallen petioles. Leaves densely crowded at the apices of the branch- lets, coriaceous, yellowish-brown and shining when dry, glabrous, nar- rowly obovate-oblong, about 20 cm long, about 7 cm wide near the apex, the tip abruptly subtruncate-rounded and shortly, broadly acuminate, gradually narrowed from the upper one-fourth or one-fifth to the narrow, cuneate base ; midrib very prominent, the lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing; petioles stout, slightly pubescent with appressed hairs, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruiting spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, 3 to 5 or more on each branchlet,-spreading or recurved, about 15 cm long, the peduncles 5 to 7 cm long, terete. Fruits very densely disposed, elliptic, about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, strongly compressed, flattened or rounded on one side, trian- gular-keeled on the other, surrounded by a thin, straw-colored wing nearly 1 cm wide, rounded or acute at the base, apex more or less retuse.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mambulao, in forests, altitude about 100 m, For. Bur. 18735 Darling, April 6, 1910.
A very characteristic species, readily recognizable by its crowded leaves which are narrowly oblong-ovate and gradually narrowed from about the upper one-
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fourth to the base, and especially by its strongly compressed, 2-winged fruits which are borne in dense, peduncled, spreading or reflexed spikes. Locally known to the Negritos as pagatpagat, and to the Tagalogs as malaputat.
MELASTOMATACE2E.
ASTROCALYX gen. nov.
Calyx dense molliter furfuraceo-setaceus, tubus inf undibulif ormis ; limbus 5-lobatus. Petala 5, elliptico-ovata, acuminata, imbricata. Sta- mina circiter 65, aequalia, filamentis filiformibus, elongatis; antherae anguste lineari-oblongae, teretae, reetae, basi angustatae, apice suboblique truncatae, 2-rimosae, conneetivo basi nec elongato nec incrassato ecalcarato. Ovarium catyci adhaerens, 5-loculare; ovula plurima, placentis incras- satis angulo inferiore loculorum affixa; stylus elongatus, stigmate puncti- formi.' Arbor, ramulis, petiolis, subtus foliis ad nervos, inflorescentiisque dense molliter brunneo-furfuraceo-setaceis. Folia opposita, petiolata, In- tegra, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, basi 5-plinervia, nervulis trans- versalibus numerosis, distinctis. Flores in paniculis terminalibus dis- positi, mediocres, minute bibracteolati.
Astrocalyx pleiosandra sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 25 m alta; foliis subcoriaceis, 10 ad 20 cm longis, 3.5 ad 8 cm latis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis.
A tree about 25 In high. Brancb.es rather slender, terete, glabrous, light-gray or brownish, the growing parts densely covered with brown, rather soft, furfuraceous-setaceous indumentum, as are the petioles, inflo- rescences, and nerves on the under surfaces of the leaves. Leaves opposite, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 10 to 20 cm long, 3.5 to 8 cm wide, sub- coriaceous, entire, the base acute, the apex shortly and rather broadly blunt-acuminate, the upper surface green or olivaceous when dry, glabrous, dull or slightly shining, the lower surface of about the same color ; lon- gitudinal nerves 5, the two inner ones leaving the midrib at from 0.5 to 2 cm above the base, extending to the apex, nearly as prominent as the midrib, the outer pair near the margin, more slender, leaving the midrib almost at the base of the lamina, scarcely reaching the apex of the leaf, more or less looped by the anastomoses of the transverse veins ; transverse veins about 20 between the midrib and the first longitudinal pair of nerves, distinct, parallel, spreading, alternating with similar nerves be- tween the first and second pairs of longitudinal nerves ; petioles 1 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, 8 to 15 cm long, branched at or above the base, the primary branches 3 to 5 cm long, the branches flower- bearing above the middle. Flowers red, borne in threes on the ultimate branchlets, the branchlets subtended by a pair of narrowly oblong, 4 mm long bracts, the flowers subtended by a pair of similar but much smaller bracteoles ; pedicels 3 to 4 mm long. Calyx broadly funnel-shaped, the tube in anthesis 4 mm long, about 7 mm wide, the limb with 5,
204
MERRILL.
lanceolate, thickened, acuminate, 3 mm long lobes or teeth, these teeth narrow and keeled on the inside. Petals 5, glabrous, in bud strongly rostrate, imbricate, ■ elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, slightly inequilateral, acuminate, about 9 mm long, 5 to 6 min wide. Stamens about 65, 1-seriate, subequal, the filaments slender, more or less coherent below in five phalanges, some or all ultimately free or nearly so, 7 to 8 mm long, glabrous; anthers narrowly linear-oblong, terete, straight or nearly so, erect, in hud inflexed, gradually narrowed to the base, about 5 mm long, 0.5 mm in diameter, the connective not produced, appendages none, opening by two terminal slits, each cell prolonged into a 0.5 mm long, compressed tube, slightly obliquely truncate. Ovary adherent to the calyx, 5-celled, the ovules indefinite, on all sides of the thickened placenta which is attached in the lower inner angle; style elongated, rather stout, about 12 mm long; stigma 0.5 mm in diameter, punctiform. Fruit unknown.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, near Daet, For. Bur. Hf3Jf9 bis Aguilar, July, 1909, in forests near the Maniba River (type): Province of Laguna, Dajican, Bur. Soi. 8983 Foxworthy, July, 1909, altitude about 300 m.
Aguilar states that the flowers are red, and his specimens bear open flowers ; Foxworthy states that they are greenish-white, but on his specimen the flowers are not quite mature. The diameter of the trunk is given by Aguilar as 27 cm, and by Foxworthy as 25 cm.
This new genus belongs in the Astronieae, and is perhaps most closely allied to the Bornean monotypic genus Plethiandra. It is, however, very different from that genus and from all others in the tribe and family. Characteristic features are its prominently 5-lobed star-shaped calyx, and especially its very numerous stamens, the anthers being slender and gradually narrowed to the base, opening by1 two terminal slits, the cells being produced into very short, compressed tubes, the connectives not produced and in no way appendiculate.
In the entire family the only genera previously known in which numerous stamens are found are the Bornean Plethiandra, mentioned above, and the Amer- ican ones Calyptrella and Miconia.
CEPHALOMEDIN I LLA gen. nov.
Flores 4-meri. Calycis' tubus ovoideus, limbus valde 4-lobatus. Petala anguste oblongo-obovata, leviter inaequiliteralia, rotundata vel subacuta. Stamina petalorum numero dupla, aequalia ; antherae lineari-lanceolatae, elongatae, apice 1-porosae, connective basi non producto, antice bilobo, postice minute 1-calearato. Ovarium calycis tubo adhaerens, 4-loculare, vertice dense pilosum. Ovula in loculis numerosa, placentis prominulis angulo interiore loculi afiixis; stylus elongatus, stigmate punctiformi. Bacca ignota. Frutex scandens, ramulis foliis junioribus inflorescentiis- que plus minus dense simpliciter pilosis. Folia opposita, sessilia, valde inaequalia, integerrima, penninervia. Flores in capitulis axillaribus, sessilibus, multifloris dispositi, rosei; alabastro in bractea clausa incluso.
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205
Cephalomedinilla anisophylla sp. nov.
Frutex scandens circiter 2 m altus; ramis teretibus, griseis, ramulis foliis junior ibus inflorescentiisque plus minus dense pilosis, pilis simpli- cibus, albis; foliis oppositis, elliptico-oblongis, chartaceis vel submem- branaceis, acuminatis, sessilibus, valde inaequalibus, majoribus usque ad 15 cm longis, minoribus vix 2.5 cm longis ; nervis utrinque 4, curvato- adscendentibus ; inflorescentiis capitatis, axillaribus, solitariis, 1.5 ad 2 cm diametro, dense multifloris, bracteis numerosis late oyatis involu- cratis ; floribus 4-meris, subsessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis.
A scandent shrub about 2 m high. Branches terete, rather slender, glabrous, light-gray, the younger branchlets densely pilose with long, simple, pale or brownish hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptic-oblong, chartaceous or submembranaceous, very unequal, the larger ones of each pair 12 to 15 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, the smaller ones 'less than 2.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, rather prominently acuminate, the base gradually narrowed, acute or obtuse, the younger ones more or less densely covered with pilose hairs, becoming quite glabrous; midrib prominent, the four pairs of lateral nerves leaving the midrib in the lower one-half of the leaf, the innermost two pairs reaching to the apex, curved-ascending, the reticulations transverse,' distinct, subparallel. Heads solitary, ses- sile, in the leaf-axils or in the axils of fallen leaves, hemispheric, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, each with from 12 to 20 densely arranged subsessile flowers, each head subtended by about 10 broadly ovale, membranaceous, more or less pilose, somewhat acuminate, imbricate, pink or reddish bracts, 10 to' 11 mm long, 8 to 9 mm wide. Flowers 4-merous, pink, each subtended by two bracteoles, one elliptic-ovate, flat, the other entirely inclosing the bud, at length splitting down one side and when spread suborbieular-ovate, about 9 mm in diameter, cleft to the middle into two elliptic-ovate lobes, the sinus acute, the lobes faintly 3- to 5-nerved, more or less pilose. Calyx 6 to 7 mm long, ovoid, somewhat narrowed to the base, very densely pilose, with long, soft, simple, white hairs, the limb 4 mm long, cleft into four narrowly ovate, acute or acuminate, 2.5 to 3 mm long lobes, pilose on both sides. Petals 4, imbricate, thin, glabrous, 8 to 9 mm long, narrowly oblong-obovate or obovate-sub- spatulate, much narrowed in the lower one-half, about 4. mm wide, the apex somewhat inequilateral, rounded or subacute. Stamens 8, equal; filaments slender, 5 mm long; anthers lanceolate, 4 mm long, somewhat curved, acuminate, opening by a terminal pore, the connective not at all produced, the base in front with two1 short, more or less connate, somewhat curved, thick lobes less than 1 mm long, and with a small, 0.3 mm long spur behind. Ovary adherent to the calyx, 4-celled, the top densely pilose with long white hairs; ovules many, the placenta
206
MERRILL.
attached to the lower inner angle of each cell ; style slender, 9 mm long ; stigma pnnctiform.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dajican, near Paete, Bur. Soi. 8986 Eoxworthy, July 25, 1909, in forests, altitude not given.
This proposed new genus is manifestly closely allied to Medinilla, differing especially in its produced and prominently 4-lobed calyx-tube and densely pilose top of the ovary. It differs also from that genus in its dense, hemispherical, sessile, involucrate heads, and in its buds being entirely inclosed within one of the bracteoles, the bracteole later splitting and becoming 2-lobed; it also differs from most of the known species of Medinilla in its very unequal leaves.
MEDINILLA Gaudich.
Medinilla cardiophylla sp. nov.
Species M. myrtiformi simillima et valde affinis, differt foliis paulo majoribus, basi late rotundatis valde cordatis.
An epiphytic shrub about 1.5 m. high, glabrous throughout. Branches slender, terete, reddish-brown or grayish. Leaves ovate to ovate-lan- ceolate, opposite, subcoriaceous, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, the base broad and rounded, rather strongly cordate, the apex long and rather slenderly acuminate, the acumen blunt, 5-plinerved, the interior pair prominent and reaching the apex of the leaf, the outside pair much fainter and reaching to about the middle of the leaf, the reticulations very faint or subobsolete; petiole about 1 mm long or almost wanting. Cymes axillary, solitary, slender, few-flowered, 3 to 5 cm long, the peduncles 3.5 cm long or less, the pedicels slender. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx somewhat campanulate, 3 to 3.5 mm long, base narrowed, limb produced about 1 mm and with four small, distant teeth. Petals 4, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, about 6 mm long, 2.2 mm wide. Stamens 8, the four longer ones about 6 mm long, the four shorter ones 5 mm long; anthers 3 to 3.5 mm long, lanceolate, straight, the connective not produced, with a dorsal, stout, broad, 0.5 mm long spur, the front with two broad, rather obscure auricles. Ovary 4-celled; style about 6 mm long ; stigma punctif orm. Fruit scarlet, globose, 6 mm in diameter, crowned by the minute calyx-teeth.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 861, December, 1906, in fruit, s.n., September, 1907, in flower (type). Luzon, Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 6509 Robinson, September 6, 1908, on trees in stream depressions, altitude 400 m.
A species manifestly very closely allied to Medinilla myrtiformis Triana, differing in the points stated in the diagnosis. The present species with M. myrtiformis Triana and M. ramiflora Merr. form a group of closely allied forms which perhaps have as much the characters of Anplectrum as of Medinilla. Medi- nilla ramiflora Merr. may not prove to be specifically distinct from the Bornean Anplectrum homoeandrum Stapf.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
207
Medinilla cauliflora sp. nov.
Arbuscula eirciter 3 m alta, foliis junioribus subtus ad nervos, ramulisque plus minus plumoso-stellato-tomentosis ; foliis oppositis, membranaceis, acuminatis, elliptico-ovatis, basi angustatis, 5-plinerviis, breviter petiolatis ; inflorescentiis caulifloris, densissime confertis ; floribus 4-meris, bracteatis, calycibus obscure 4-angulatis, 4-lobatis, lobis 5-7- nerviis ; staminibus 8, admodum inaequalibus, antheris postice longe calcaratis.
A shrub about 3 m high, the branchlets and the younger leaves on the midrib and nerves beneath more or less covered with soft, stellate-plumose hairs. Branches rather slender, grayish, terete or obscurely 4-angled, the upper axils more or less bearded. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, ellip- tic-ovate, 9 to 15 cm long, 4 to 7.5 cm wide, the apex shortly acuminate, the base narrowed and acute or slightly acuminate ; nerves three on each side of the midrib, leaving it in the lower one-third, curved-ascending, the innermost pair reaching to the apex, distinct, the transverse reticulations slender, distant, not prominent; petioles 5 mm long or less, sometimes subobsolete. Inflorescence on the trunk below the leaves, of very short, congested branches, forming a compact mass 8 cm in diameter or less, the branches stout, each bearing many, subdistichous, oblong-ovate, crowded, 9 to 10 mm long bracts which are acute or obtuse, some empty, some subtending flowers. Flowers pink or red, 4-merous, glabrous, the pedicels stout, 4 mm long. Calyx obovoid, becoming more or less urceolate, obscurely 4-angled, 6 mm long, constricted below the limb, the limb produced, 2.5 to 3 mm long, cleft nearly to its base into four, broadly ovate, 5- to 7-nerved, apiculate lobes. Petals obovate, 7 to 8 mm long, 4 to 5 mm wide, the apex strongly inequilateral, obliquely truncate, base narrowed. Stamens 8, the filaments of four about 5 mm long, of the other four 5.5 mm in length; anthers equal, 3.5 mm long, oblong- lanceolate, slightly curved, opening by a single terminal pore, the base with a slender, curved, dorsal spur nearly 2 mm in length, in front with two stouter, curved auricles less than 1 mm long. Ovary 4-eelled, the lower one-half adherent to the calyx, free above, the top more or less conical, glabrous; style joined with the ovary, at least 5 mm long; stigma punctiform. Berry globose, fleshy, pink, 7 to 8 mm in diameter ; seeds in- definite, 0.7 to 0.8 mm long.
Negros, Canlaon Volcano, For. Bur. 17397 Curran, September, 1909, in forests at an altitude of about 1,200 m.
A species well characterized by its dense, cauline inflorescence and its 4-lobed calyx-limb, the lobes distinctly nerved. It is apparently not very closely allied, to any described species.
208
MERRILL.
Medinilla dementis sp. nov.
Frutex glaber ut videtur scandens, ramulis angulatis, valde quadria- latis; foliis subcoriaceis, oppositis, petiolatis, oblongis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel leviter subcordatis, usque ad 28 cm longis, 7- vel 9-pliner- viis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, elongatis, bracteis parvis; floribus 5-meris.
A shrub, apparently scandent, glabrous throughout. Branches stout, 4-angled, the angles winged, the wings 2 to 3 mm wide, the nodes setose. Leaves opposite, oblong, subeoriaceous, somewhat shining, 20 to 28 cm long, 7 to 11 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base rather broad, rounded, often somewhat subcordate; nerves 7 or 9, the outer ones basal, the interior one or two pairs leaving the midrib shortly above the base and reaching the apex, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so ; petioles 2.5 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, long-peduncled, slender, 25 to 40 cm long, the branches few, short, the bracts 5 to 7 mm long. Pedicels about 1 cm long. Calyx cup-shaped, about 4 mm long, the limb somewhat produced, truncate. Petals 5, pink, narrowly obovate,' inequilateral, about 10 mm long, 5 mm wide. Stamens 10, equal, the filaments 6 mm long; anthers narrowly lanceolate, somewat curved, 6 mm long, the basal dorsal spur slender, less than 5.5 mm long, the anterior two auricles stout, about 1 mm long. Style slender, 13 mm long.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Sacred Mountain near Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., July, 1907 (type), and between Camp Keithley and Malabang, Mrs. Clemens s. n., November, 1906.
A species well characterized by the details given in the diagnosis; it is perhaps as closely allied to Medinilla teysmanni Miq. as to any other described form, but is quite different from Miquel’s species.
Medinilla obovata sp. nov.
Frutex epiphyticus, glaber, vel ramulis j unioribus plus minus brunneo- furfuraceis ; foliis parvis, verticillatis, ternis vel quarternis, coriaceis, obovatis, petiolatis, apice late rotundatis vel leviter retusis, vix 3 cm longis, triplinerviis, reticulis obsoletis; floribus ignotis, ut videtur 6-meris, longe pedicellatis, solitariis, vel in cymis paucifloris dispositis, axillaribus; fructibus urceolatis, limbo calycis producto truncato.
A glabrous epiphytic shrub, or the ultimate branchlets more or less brown-furfuraceous. Branches stout, grayish, terete, the branchlets some- what quadrangular’, the internodes short, mostly less than 1 cm in length, the nodes not barbellate. Leaves whorled, in threes or fours, coriaceous, obovate, less than 3 cm long, and less than 1 cm in width, the apex broadly rounded or somewhat retuse, narrowed below to the cuneate base, the margins sometimes recurved; nerves 3 only, the lateral pair leaving the midrib shortly above the base, the reticulations obsolete ; petioles about 5 mm long. Flowers unknown. Infrutescence axillary, the peduncles solitary, axillary, about 1 cm long, each bearing a single pedicel as long
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
209
or longer than the peduncle, the fruits urceolate, about 8 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, the calyx-limb persistent, truncate, produced about 4 mm, 6-cell ed.
Negros, Mount Marapara, For. Bur. 17358 Curran, September 11, 1909, epi- phytic on trees in forests, altitude about 500 m.
Although the specimen is without flowers I have no doubt but that it is referable to Medinilla, even though the fruits are distinctly 6-celled, indicating a 6-merous flower, a character uncommon in the genus. It is well characterized, by its comparatively very small leaves which are whorled, petioled, and broadly obovate, the veins three only, and the reticulations obsolete. The fruits are solitary, but at the junction of the pedicels with the peduncles are found some minute scars indicating a few-flowered, probably cymose, or possibly umbellate inflorescence. Medinilla obovata has much smaller leaves than' most of the other Philippine species of the genus.
Medinilla whitfordii Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 37.
Carionia triplinervia Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 310; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 136; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7 (1891) 571, non Medinilla triplinervia Cogn.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 10956 Curran: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4478 M earns ; Pauai to Baguio, Merrill 477 9: Province of Zambales, Mount Pinatubo, Bur. Sci. 2556 Foxworthy, Provinces of Laguna and Tayabas, Mount Banajao, Whitford 961 (type of M. whitfordii), Bur. Sci. 6062 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 2388 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 7 899 Curran & Merritt: Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Vidal 779 in herb. Kew (type of Carionia trip- linervia Rolfe), Bur. Sci. 6501) Robinson.
Reexamination of the type of Medinilla whitfordii Merr. shows that its flowers are 6-merous instead of 5-merous as originally described, and comparison of our recently collected Philippine material with the type of Carionia triplinervia Rolfe at Kew has shown that Medinilla whitfordii Merr. is identical. The species is to me a Medinilla rather than a Carionia, in spite of its 6-merous flowers. Carionia is distinguished from Medinilla by its 6-merous flowers and its spreading 4 to 5 mm long calyx-teeth, but Carionia triplinervia has a truncate calyx with only very minute teeth, and in all other respects is a typical Medinilla; either it must be transferred to Medinilla, or the few species with 6-merous flowers now placed in Medinilla must be transferred to Carionia. Medinilla has 4- to 6-merous flowers, and it would be just as logical to segregate those species with 4-merou's flowers in one genus, and those with 5-merous flowers into another, as it would be to refer species like the present with 6-merous flowers but with a truncate calyx to Carionia. The specific name selected by Mr. Rolfe is invalidated in Medinilla.
MEMECYLON Bl.
Memecylon sessilifolium sp. nov.
Arbor glabra circiter 16 m alta ; rkmulis acute tetragonis, angustissime alatis, crassis ; foliis sessilibus, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 12 cm longis, late obtuseque acuminatis, penninerviis, nervis vix distinctis. Fructibus fasciculatis vel solitariis, pedicellatis, 1 ad 1.5 cm diametro.
A glabrous tree about 16 m high. Branches stout, subterete, covered with a thin, grayish bark, the branchlets sharply 4-angled, very narrowly winged on the angles, the wings less than 0.5 mm wide. Leaves sessile,
210
MERRILL.
oblong or narrowly obovate-oblong, firmly coriaceous, yellowish and shining when dry, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex broadly and obtusely acuminate, the base subacute, margins recurved; lateral nerves not distinct, about 25 on each side of the midrib, nearly obsolete beneath. Flowers unknown. Fruit axillary, solitary or fascicled, sub- globose, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, their peduncles 3 to 4 mm long, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mambulao, For. Bur. 18734 Darling, April 6, 1910, in forests, altitude about 100 m, locally known as madadignay.
A strongly characterized species, probably most closely allied to Memecylon wightii Thwaites of India and Ceylon.
ARALIACE2E.
SCHEFFLERA Forst.
Schefflera brevipes sp. nov.
Glabra, inflorescentiis sparse puberulis exceptis; foliolis cireiter 7, vel foliorum superiorum 3, oblongis, coriaceis, integris, apice subrotundatis, usque ad 20 longis; petiolo vix 1 cm longo; paniculis terminalibus; ramis racemoso-dispositis inferioribus usque ad 30 cm longis; umbellulis race- moso-dispositis, breviter pedunculate, 8- ad 12-floris; floribus breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris.
A glabrous, erect or subscandent shrub. Branches rather stout, the ultimate ones about 1 cm in diameter, glabrous. Leaves alternate, the petioles stout, very short, on the material available none exceeding 1 cm in length, inflated and clasping at the base; leaflets about 7, in the uppermost leaves sometimes only 3, oblong, coriaceous, 15 to 20 cm long, 6.5 to 8 cm wide, entire, upper surface shining, the lower dull, the apex mostly broad and rounded, rarely broadly and obtusely acuminate, the base acute or somewhat decurrent-acuminate ; lateral nerves about 20, distinct, anastomosing, not much more prominent than are the secondary ones and the primary reticulations; petiolules 5 to 8 cm long. Panicles terminal, the common rachis about 30 cm long, all parts slightly puber- ulent, becoming glabrous or nearly so, the branches alternate, spreading or ascending, the lower ones 30 cm long. Umbels numerous, mostly scattered, racemosely arranged along the primary branches, each with from 8 to 12 flowers, the peduncles 3 to 4 mm long, puberulent, the pedicels usually about 2 mm long. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx obeonic, truncate, about 2 mm long and the' same diameter at the apex. Petals 5.2 mm long, base 2 mm wide, cohering by their apices and falling as a whole. Stamens 5; filaments 2.5 mm long; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary 5-celled.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Cabojan River, For. Bur. 18545 Alvarez, March 21, 1909.
A species well characterized by its oblong, coriaceous, ample, entire leaflets,
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
211
and especially by its very short petioles. Similar in some respects to Sohefflera dementis Merr., of Mindanao, but with more slender branches which are not covered with bracts, differently shaped leaflets, and short petioles.
Schefflera leytensis sp. nov.
Glabra; foliis longe petiolatis, foliolis circiter 8, ellipticis vel oblongo- ellipticis, usque ad 14 cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice abrupte subcaudato- acuminatis, margine integris ; floribus 5-meris, in unibellulis longe pedunculatis dispositis, umbellulis racemoso-dispositis ; ovario 10-loculare.
Glabrous throughout. Stems unknown. Leaves long-petioled, the petioles at least 20 cm in length; leaflets about 8, elliptic or oblong- elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, shining on both surfaces when dry, 10 to 14 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, entire, the margins reflexed, the apex abruptly subcaudate-aeuminate, acumen 2 cm long or less, base rounded ; nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, spreading, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules 4 to 5 cm long. Inflorescence (or partial •inflorescence?) about 40 cm long, the raehis stout, dark-colored when dry, the umbels racemosely disposed, their peduncles about 4 cm long, about 30 on each inflorescence or branch. Flowers 5-merous, about 25 in each umbel, their pedicels 3 to 5 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, 3 mm long, truncate. Petals 5, oblong-ovate, about 4 mm long, coherent by their apices and falling as a whole. Stamens 5 ; filaments 4 mm long ; anthers 2 to 2.2 mm long. Ovary 10-celled; stigma conic, less than 1 mm long.
Leyte, central divide, altitude about 1,150 m, For. Bur. 16904 Rosenbluth, February, 1909.
ERICACEAE.
Dl PLYCOSI A Blume.
Diplycosia parvifolia sp. nov.
Frutex parvus epiphyticus vix 1 m altus, ramulis junioribus plus minus setosis ; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, ellipticis vel elliptico-oblongis, basi acuiis, apice acutis vel leviter acuminatis, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis, subtus glanduloso- punctatis, nervis later alibus ' obsoletis, basi interdum obscure triplinerviis ; floribus paucis, axillaribus, solitariis, pedieellatis, calycis segmentis minute ciliatis.
A small, epiphytic, erect shrub less than 1 m high, diffusely branched, the branches slender, glabrous, brown, slightly striate, terete, the branch- lets with scattered slender, brown, more or less appressed, setose hairs. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 1-to 2.5 cm long, 1 cm wide or less, entire, the base acute, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, glabrous and shining when dry, but the margins of the younger leaves more or less eiliate-setose, the lower surface with scattered, dark-colored, small glands ; midrib distinct, the lateral nerves and reticulations obsolete, the base sometimes very obscurely triplinerved ; petioles about 2 mm long,
212
MERRILL.
glabrous. Mowers axillary, solitary, few, their pedicels setose, up to 7 mm in length, the corolla unknown, basal bract minute, less than 1 mm long, the apex of the pedicel with two orbicular-ovate bracteoles about 1.5 mm in diameter. Calyx glabrous except the slightly ciliate margins of the lobes, accrescent, the lobes just after anthesis ovate, acuminate, about 2 mm long; style persistent, 2 mm long.
Negros, Canlaon Volcano, on mossy trunks in forests at an altitude of about 1,500 m, Merrill 6995, April, 1910.
A species well characterized by its comparatively small leaves, the lateral nerves obsolete except sometimes the very faint subbasal pair. ,
MYRSINACE2E.
ARDISIA Sw.
Ardisia biflora sp. nov. § Akosmos.
Arbuscula glabra usque ad 3 m alta; foliis petiolatis, oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, integris, chartaceis, valde acuminatis, subtus valde glanduloso-punctatis, in sicco nitidis, pallidis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, tenuibus, bifioris, quam folia multo brevioribus ; sepalis petalis- que valde glanduloso-punctatis.
A shrub 1 to 3 m high, glabrous; branches and branchlets slender, terete, gray or brownish. Leaves alternate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, pale and shining when dry, entire, 4 to 8 cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, the apex strongly acuminate, the base cuneate, the lower surface very strongly and densely glandular-punctate; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, slender, anastomosing, the secondary ones nearly as prominent; petioles slender, about 5 mm long. Inflores- cence axillary, solitary, slender, the peduncle 6 to 10 mm long, bearing at its apex two flowers, their pedicels 6 to 8 mm in length. Flowers greenish-white, tinged with pink, 5-merous, hermaphrodite. Sepals reniform-ovate, less than 1 mm long, united for the lower third, strongly glandular-punctate, scarcely overlapping, spreading, rounded, the margins minutely ciliate. Petals elliptic-ovate, acute, 3.5 to 4 mm long, prom- inently glandular-punctate throughout, the tube about 0.5 mm long. Anthers 2 mm long, oblong-ovoid, minutely apiculate, glandular on the back, the filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, apparently with few (one?) ovules; style 2 mm long. Fruit globose, glandular, about 5 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, in exposed ridge-forests, altitude about 1,400 m, Bur. Sci. 5073 Ramos (type), For. Bur. 8110 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907.
A species apparently belonging in the section Akosmos, strongly characterized by its slender, axillary, 2-flowered inflorescences; the apparently 1-ovuled ovary is suggestive of Discocalyx, but in all other characters the species is unmistakably an Ardisia.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
213
Ardisia dementis Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 2 (1910) 665. § Tinopsis.
Arbor vel arbuscula, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis elliptico- oblongis vel elliptico-ovatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, acumihatis, glan- dulis manifestis destitutis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, subtus prominen- tibus; panieulis terminalibus quam folia brevioribus, bipinnatiin com- positis ; floribus brevissime racemosis vel subumbellatis ; sepalis imbricatis, integris, rotundatis, margine cillatis.
A tree or shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence which is somewhat brown-pubescent or puberulent. Branches terete, gray or brownish. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-ovate, cliartaceous or sub- coriaceous, 11 to 25 cm long, 4 to 9 cm wide, entire, the apex acute or acuminate, the base cuneate, dull or slightly shining when dry; nerves about 14 on' each side of the midrib, beneath distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations rather fine; petioles stout, about 1 cm long. Panicles terminal, about 10 cm long, the lower branches about 4 cm long, usually spreading, the upper ones shorter, each branch bearing from 5 to 7 flowers near the apex, subumbellately arranged or in a short raceme the pedicels about 1 cm long, slightly accrescent in fruit. Calyx about 5 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly ovate, rounded, overlapping to the right, glandular-punctate, margins ciliate, united for the lower one-third. Petals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 7 mm long, 5 min wide, slightly glandular-punctate in the upper one-half, the tube about 1 mm long. Anthers narrowly ovoid, slightly apiculate, 4 mm long, the median portion of the back with few, rather large glands. Ovary glabrous ; style about 4.5 mm long, not exserted in bud. Fruit globose, slightly longitudinally striate when dry, about 6 mm in diameter.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 231, 889, and s. n. ( type-k February, 1906, March, 1907, and January, 1907.
Ardisia confertiflora sp. nov. § Tinus.
Arbor parva, usque ad 5 m alta, glabra.; foliis ut videtur plus minus succulentis, in sicco chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblongo-obovatis, vel obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervis lateralibus obscuris; inflorescentiis axillaribus, racemosis, floribus in tertia superiore parte plus minus dense dispositis; sepalis glandulosis, emarginatis, margine minute ciliatis.
A small tree • reaching a height of 5 m, glabrous. Branches and branchlets rather stout, terete, brownish. Leaves somewhat crowded on the younger branchlets, when fresh apparently somewhat thick and succulent, when dry chartaceous or submembranaceous, dull or slightly shining, obovate or narrowly obovate, 6 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm long, entire, the apex broad, rounded, narrowed from the upper one-third or one-half to the cuneate base, the lower surface 'minutely puncticulate ; nerves obscure, about 13 on each side of the midrib, very slender, some-
214
MERRILL.
times nearly obsolete ; petioles 5 mm long or less. Eacemes in the upper axils, solitary, stout, 5 to 10 cm long, only the upper third flower-bearing, this portion of the rachis densely covered with scars and pedicels, the latter 1 to 2 cm long. Mowers pink or purplish, 5-merous, comparatively large. Calyx about 8 mm in diameter, the lobes united for the lower one-third or one-half, about 3 mm, wide, elliptic-ovate or ovate, apex slightly emarginate, all parts densely glandular, the margins minutely ciliate. Corolla-tube about 2 mm long, the lobes ovate or broadly oblong-ovate, about 13 mm long, 7 mm wide, somewhat acuminate, the acumen obtuse, glandular-punctate. Anthers about 6.5 mm long, slightly apiculate-acuminate, with few large glands on the back, the cells not septate or rugose, the filaments about 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid; style about 1 cm long, obscurely glandular. Fruit globose or depressed- globose, about 8 mm in diameter, violet when mature, said to be edible.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3589 Fenjx (type), Bur. Sci. 321 3216 M earns. Babuyanes Islands, Fuga, 'Bur. Sci. 32Jf5
M earns.
This species is manifestly allied to Ardisia humilis Vahl, A. boissieri A. DC., and A. littoralis Andr., but is at once distinguishable from all by its racemosely disposed flowers, these being crowded along the upper one-third of the racemes and not umbellately arranged at the ends of the branches. Other distinguishing characters are its comparatively large flowers and its emarginate sepals. The material on which the above species is based, was previously referred by me to Ardisia humilis Vahl.3 Local name pain.
Ardisia curran ii sp. nov. § Tinopsis.
Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alta; foliis pseudoverticillatis, coriaceis, oblongis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, breviter acuminatis, nervis num- crosis, patulis, vix distinctis; paniculis terminalibus, quam folia multo longioribus ; sepalis pubescentibus, punctatis, margine ciliatis ; ovario puberulo.
A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches terete, striate, light-gray, rather stout. Leaves alternate, somewhat pseudo-verticillately crowded at the apices of the branchlets, oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, brown when dry, entire, 15 to 20 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, dull or slightly shining, the apex shortly and broadly acuminate, the base somewhat decurrent-acuminate, scarcely glandular-punctate, or very minutely and obscurely so ; nerves 25 to 30 on each side of the midrib, obscure, spreading, scarcely anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete; petioles 2.5 to 3 cm long. Panicles terminal, about 30 cm long, somewhat narrowly pyramidal, the lower branches 15 cm in length., the flowers racemosely disposed on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 to 2 cm long. Calyx about 4.5 mm in diameter, ferruginous-pubescent outside,
3 This Journal 3 (1908) Botany 425.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
215
glabrous within, the lobes ovate, rounded, united . for about one-half their length, their margins ciliate, glandular-punctate. Petals ovate, 7 to 8 mm long, about 4 mm wide, glabrous, glandular-punctate, acu- minate,. the tube short. Anthers lanceolate-ovoid, 5 mm long, the apex long-apiculate-acuminate, the median portion of the back dis- tinctly glandular, the filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, minutely f erruginous-puberulent ; style- about 4 mm long. Fruit globose or de- pressed-globose, 6 to 7 mm in diameter, glabrous, minutely apiculate.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, near Lupi, in forests, altitude about 100 m, For. Bur. 10160 Curran, July 11, 1908.
Ardisia darling i i sp. nov. § Tinopsis.
Arbor glabra circiter 20 m alta; foliis oblongis vel anguste oblongo- obovatis, ehartaceis vel subcoriaceis, nitidis, minutissime obscureque puneticulatis, apice rotundatis, obtusis vel obscure late acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine recurvatis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus axillaribusque, corymboso-paniculatis ; sepalis glandulosis, margine ciliato-pubescentibus.
A tree about 20 m high, glabrous. Branches terete, grayish-brown, rather stout. Leaves alternate, somewhat crowded on the younger branch- lets, oblong or narrowly oblong-obovate, entire, 7 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, shining, chartaceous or subeoriaceous, the apex rounded, obtuse, or broadly and obscurely acuminate, narrowed from about the middle to the cuneate base, the margins recurved, the lower surface very minutely and obscurely glandular-pun cticulate ; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, obscurely anastomosing/the reticula- tions lax, obscure or subobsolete; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescence terminal and in the upper axils, corymbose-paniculate 10 cm long or less, the lower branches of the terminal panicles about 5 cm long, the upper ones shorter, each branch bearing at its apex a congested raceme or umbel of from 5 to 10 flowers, the pedicels unequal in length, each subtended by an oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse bracteole about 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the pedicels / 3 to 12 mm long. Sepals elliptic-ovate, about 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, rounded, entire, slightly united at the base, overlapping, dis- tinctly glandular-punctate with small reddish glands, the margins ciliate- pubescent. Petals about 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, free or nearly so, acute or obscurely acuminate, obscurely glandular-punctate. Anthers oblong- ovate, apiculate-acuminate, 2.5 mm long, obscurely glandular on the back, the filaments very short. Ovary glabrous style 2 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Abra, near Bacog, in mountain forests, altitude about 1,800 m, For. Bur. H6-11 Barling, February 9, 1909 (type) ; Tue, altitude about 1,300 m, For. Bur. ll/SOl Darling.
Somewhat remotely allied to Arclisia lanceolata Roxb., but very different, from that species.
95948 4
216
MERRILL.
Ardisia diffusa sp. nov. § Acrardisia.
Arbuscula vel arbor glabra; foliis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, acumin- atis, brevissime petiolatis, integris, subtus prominente verrucoso-glandu- losis; paniculis terminalibus, amplis, diffusis, quam folia multo longio- ribus, pyramidatis; floribus umbellulatis, longissime pedicellatis, 5-meris, ■sepalis petalisque glandulosis.
An erect, glabrous shrub or tree, the branches terete, reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, scattered, elliptic-oblong, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, brown and somewhat shining when dry, entire, 7 to 9 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate, the base acute, the lower surface with numerous, scattered, verrucose glands; nerves 15 to 20 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiole stout, 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, reaching a length of 20 cm, the branches alternate, spreading, the lower ones 9 cm long, the upper ones gradually shorter, the secondary branches slender, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, racemosely arranged on the primary ones, each bearing at its apex from 3 to 7 long-pedicelled, umbellately arranged flowers, the pedicels slender, 1 to 2 cm long. Calyx about 4 mm in diameter, the lobes 5, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire, about 1.6 mm long, somewhat united at the base, spreading in anthesis, not at all imbricate, prominently glandular-punctate with large glands, the margins ciliate. Petals oblong-ovate, 6 to 7 mm long, about 3 mm wide, united for about the lower 1.5 mm, the apex prominently acuminate, with few large, scattered glands in the upper one-half. Anthers 4.5 mm long, prominently acuminate, cordate at the base, with few glands along the median portion of the back, the filaments 1.5 to 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style about 5 mm long.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Calagan, on the route to Mount Malindang, For. Bur. Jft59 Mearns d Hutchinson, May, 1906.
A species most closely allied to Ardisia gardneri, A. divergens, and A. ceyla- nica, but abundantly distinct from all. It is well characterized by its ample, pyramidal, rather lax panicles, long-peduncled umbels and long-pedicelled flowers.
Ardisia lanceolata Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 85, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 2 (1824) 275, ed. Carey 1 (1832) 583; Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 122.
Ardisia 'purpurea Reinw. in 1J1. Bijdr. (1826) 684.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Tetuan, Ahern 596.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; Malay Peninsula, Java, Suma- tra, Borneo, and Celebes.
Ardisia littoral is Andr. Repos. 10 (1811) t. 630 ; Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 74 2 (1905), Extra Number, 135.
Ardisia humilis Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 127, fig. 20, A-E, not of Vahl, or in part only.
Lubang, Merrill 968. Semerara, Merrill Jfl60.
This species is apparently a coast shrub only, from 1 to 3 or 4 m in height. Mr. Gamble has kindly supplied me the following additional information regard-
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 217
ing the separation of this form from Ardisia humilis: “Ardisia humilis Vahl is a Ceylon coast shrub which is endemic there and does not extend to the Malay Peninsula. The figures A-E on page 128 of Mez’s monograph are Climacandra obovata= Ardisia littoralis Andr. which has septate anthers, which A. humilis has not. The authors of the “Flora of British India” have mixed up A. humilis and A. solanacea Roxb., which is quite a different plant, almost a tree and of inland forests, and Mez has correctly separated them, but he has incorrectly put together A. humilis Vahl and A. littoralis Andr.”
Ardisia littoralis Andr. is apparently rare in the Philippines, but we have several very closely allied forms, at least one of which is abundant and widely distributed in the Archipelago.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, southern China, and the Philippines.
Ardisia boissieri A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 129; Mez in Engl. Pflanzen- reich 9 (1902) 129.
This species is very common and widely distributed in the Philippines, extend- ing from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, a tree of the hill forests at low and medium altitudes ascending to at least 600 m in some localities; it reaches a height of 15 m in some regions, and is not a seacoast plant. It is very similar in all superficial characters to A. littoralis Andr., but can usually be at once distinguished by its anthers being prominently glandular on the back, and not transversely septate. What I take to represent this species comprises about 80 specimens in this herbarium, from all parts of the Philippines, which have, for most part, been identified as Ardisia humilis Vahl, many of them so named by Doctor Mez. It is very probable that some of the extra-Philippine specimens cited by Mez under Ardisia humilis, should be referred to A. boissieri, and it is likewise very probable that this name will not prove to be the oldest one.
Ardisia pirifolia Mez J. c. 129.
This species, the type of which I have examined in the Berlin Herbarium, is distinguishable from A. boissieri only by the most trivial characters; in all respects except in having the sepals minutely emarginate, it is quite the same as A. boissieri. The type was from Polillo, not from Luzon, and the species is represented by Bur. Sci. 9292 Robinson, from the same island, Merrill 1101, from Baler, Province of Tayabas, Luzon, and apparently also by Elmer 561f5 from the Province of Union, Luzon, the latter so identified by Doctor Mez. The sepals are not always glabrous, but are usually more or less ciliate on the margins; the only character left for specific separation of this form from A. boissieri is the very trivial one of the emarginate (very slightly) sepals.
Ardisia verrucosa Presl Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 65; Mez 1. c. 134.
This species is also manifestly closely allied to, and perhaps not specifically distinct from Ardisia boissieri A. DC. Mez distinguishes it especially by its 2- flowered umbels, but Presl describes it as having from 2- to 5-flowered umbels, and one of the original specimens, in the Prague Herbarium, which I have examined, shows at least 5 flowers. Doctor Mez examined the specimen of the original collection preserved in the Vienna Herbarium.
Ardisia macgregorii sp. nov. § Tinus.
Arbuscula glabra, circiter 1 m alta ; f oliis lanceolatis, obtusis, coriaceis, subtus minute dense puncticulatis, nervis- reticulisque densis, obscuris; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, simplicibus, fructibus subumbellatim dispositis.
218
MERRILL.
A glabrous shrub about 1 m high. Branches terete, brown, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, brown and somewhat shining when dry, lanceolate,
8 to 10 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed, at both ends, the apex blunt, the base cuneate, the margins entire, somewhat recurved, the lower surface minutely and densely puncticulate ; nerves numerous, obscure, densely disposed, the reticulations also obscure; petioles 1 cm long or less. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, much shorter than the leaves, the peduncles about 2 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits, umbellately disposed at the apices of the peduncles, their pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long, 4 or 5 at the apex of each peduncle. Persistent calyx about 5 mm in diameter, the lobes ovate, rounded, glabrous or nearly so, glandular- punctate, united for about one-half their length. Fruit globose, about 5 mm in diameter.
Cebu, near Toledo, Bur. Sci. 1722 McGregor, October 28, 1906.
A species manifestly allied to Ardisia humilis Vahl, and A. ioissieri A. DC. distinguishable by its narrow, lanceolate leaves.
Ardisia mindorensis sp. nov. § Pyrgus.
Species A. grandidenti Mez similis, sed differt petiolo multo breviori, dentibus minoribus, a A. serrata (Cav.) A. DC. differt inflorescentiis plus minus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis subtus parce pubescentibus.
A shrub 3 to 5 m high. Branches terete, brown or grayish, striate, usually rather thick, glabrous, the branchlets often ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves pseudo-verticillately crowded at the apices of the branchlets, sub- tending the terminal panicles, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, char- taceous, 9 to 18 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, gradually narrowed towards both ends, the base acute, rarely somewhat obtuse, the apex rather prominently acuminate, margins distinctly and irregularly serrate-dentate, the teeth rather small, the upper surface glabrous and shining, or the midrib and nerves slightly puberulent, beneath also shining and distinctly ferruginous-tomentose on the midrib and primary nerves, obscurely glandular-punctate; nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, elevated and very prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations rather distinct; petioles 3 to 7 mm long, ferruginous- tomentose, ultimately nearly glabrous. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, 6 to 13 cm long, the rachis, branches and branchlets densely ferruginous- tomentose, the primary branches spreading, the lower ones often 5 cm long, the upper ou.es shorter, the secondary branches mostly in the upper half of the primary ones, each bearing from 5 to 7 flowers arranged in a condensed raceme or subumbellate, the pedicels ferruginous-tomentose,-
9 to 12 mm long. Calyx-lobes broadly triangular-ovate, acute, about 1.5 mm long and wide, imbricate, pubescent, the margins prominently ciliate, glandular-punctate. Petals ovate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute or
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
219
obscurely acuminate, with few, scattered, comparatively large glands. Anthers 2.5 mm long, apiculate, not glandular. Ovary ovoid, ferru- ginous-puberulent ; style about 5 mm long. Fruit globose, black-purple when mature, somewhat fleshy, about 7 mm in diameter.
Mindoro, Mount Halcon, in forests, altitude about 1,800 m, Merrill 5675, 5732, 611/5 (type), November, 1906, For. Bur. 1/31/2 Merritt; Mount Irauan, For. Bur. 8728 Merritt, January, 1908, altitude about 1,300 m; Mount Sablayan, For. Bur. 11012 Merritt, March, 1908, altitude about 970 m; mountains back of Abra de Ilog, For. Bur. 8793 Merritt, January, 1908, altitude 500 m.
As noted above, this species is closely allied to Ardisia grossedentata Mez, differing in its much shorter petioles. It bears much the same relationship to that species as does A. curtipes Merr. to A. serrata (Cav.) A. DC. It is distin- guished from E. serrata var. Irevipetiolata Merr. by its ferruginous tomentum and differently shaped leaf-bases.
Ardisia oblongifolia sp. nov. § Stylardisia.
Arbor vel frutex ereeta, ramulis, foliis junioribus subtus, inflorescen- tiisque minute brunneo-puberulis ; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis, acuminatis, petiolatis, altemis; paniculis terminalibus, quam folia brevioribus, ramis divaricatis, paueis.,
An erect shrub or tree. Branches terete, light-gray or brownish, the younger ones brown-puberulent. Leaves alternate, scattered, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 11 to 18 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, chartaceous, entire, dull or slightly shining when dry, the apex rather gradually and sharply acuminate, the base acute, beneath, when young, somewhat ferruginous- puberulent becoming glabrous, not manifestly glandular-punctate; nerves up to 18 on each side of the midrib, not very prominent, often obscure; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, 10 cm long or less, the branches few, alternate, divaricately spreading, the lower ones 3 to 4 cm long, the rachis, branches and branchlets puberulent with dark-brown hairs. Flowers subumbellately disposed;, the umbels peduncled and racemosely arranged on the primary panicle-branches, the peduncles about 5 mm long, sometimes less, the pedicels slender, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx about 3 mm in diameter, the five lobes ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 mm long, glandular-punctate, the margins minutely puberulent. Petals ovate, nearly free, acute, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, not at all glandular-punctate. Anthers 3 mm long, not glandular. Ovary gla- brous ; style 3.5 to 5 mm long, often exserted before anthesis.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 779 (type), from between Malabang and Camp Keithley, November, 1906, and three sheets without number from Camp Keithley.
Most of the flowers do not have the styles exserted, but a few of them on the type specimen have the styles decidedly exserted, hence the species is placed in the § Stylardisia. In might, with almost equal propriety, be placed in the § AJcosmos.
220
MERRILL.
Ardisia palawanensis sp. nov. § Pyrgus.
Arbuscula circiter 1.5 m alia; foliis petiolatis, oblongo-oblanceolatis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, ehartaceis, irregulariter serratis, subtus ad costa plus minus pubescentibus> valde glanduloso-punctatis ; floribus 5-meris, sepalis petalisque ferrugineo-villosis, plus minus punctatis ; ovario villoso.
A shrub about 1.5 m high. Branches terete, brownish, pubescent. Leaves pseudo-verticillate at the nodes and subtending the inflorescence, normal leaves also subtending each, or most of the panicle-branches, oblong-oblanceolate or broadly oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, shining when dry, 14 to 20 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, somewhat pubescent on the midrib on both surfaces, the apex obscurely and bluntly acuminate, the base gradually narrowed, cuneate, margins entire near the base, in the upper one-half or two-thirds irregularly serrate, the. under surface dis- tinctly and rather densely glandular-punctate; nerves 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib, beneath very distinct, anastomosing ; petioles pubescent,
1 cm long or less. Inflorescence terminal, subtended by a whorl of leaves, the rachis about 15 cm long, and with the branches and pedicels more or less densely brown-pubescent, the branches alternate, spreading, simple, most of them subtended by a normal leaf, the lower ones 6 cm long, the upper gradually shorter, each bearing at the somewhat swollen apex from
2 to 5 subumbellately disposed flowers, and with numerous scars of fallen pedicels, each flower subtended by an oblong, pubescent bracteole about 5 mm in length. Pedicels about 1.5 cm long, ferruginous- villous. Sepals 5, broadly ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, about 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, accrescent and 6 to 7 mm in length, densely ferruginous-villous, margins strongly villous-ciliate, glandular-punctate. Petals nearly free, elliptic-ovate, about 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, obtuse, slightly pubescent, glandular only in the median part of the upper one-half. Anthers 3.5 mm long, not glandular, apieulate-acuminate, their filaments nearly 2 mm long. Ovary globose, ferruginous-pubescent; style glabrous, 5 mm long. Immature fruits globose, somewhat ferruginous-pubescent, inclosed by the somewhat accrescent calyx-lobes.
Palawan, about 3 miles northeast of Puerto Princesa, For. Bur. 3518 Curran, January 19, 1906, an undershrub in flat forests.
As species undoubtedly belonging in the section Pyrgus in spite of the normal leaves subtending the panicle-branches, the whole inflorescence subtended by a whorl of leaves. It is apparently most closely allied to Ardisia grandidens Mez, but is very different from that species. The ferruginous-pubescent or villous panicles, pedicels, sepals, petals, and immature fruits are characteristic.
Ardisia reptans sp. nov. § Bladhia.
Suffrutieosa, caulis reptans, ramulis foliiferis erectis vel ascendentibus, brevibus, densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis ternato-pseudoverticil- latis, ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis, membranaceis, acutis vel obtusis, basi rotundatis, obscure punctatis, margine prominente distanter s.errulatis,
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221
nervis utrinque circiter 5, subtus prominentibus ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, tenuibus, paucifloris, foliis subaequalibus vel brevioribus.
A suflirutescent plant, the stems creeping or prostrate, rooting, striate, glabrous or nearly so, slender, brown, the erect leaf-bearing branches densely pubescent with dark-brown, crisped hairs, these branches less than 20 cm high, often some roots appearing above the lowermost leaves. Leaves pseudo-verticillate, in threes, their petioles 5 mm long or less, densely crisped-tomentose, the lamina membranaceous, elliptic qr elliptic- ovate, 3 to 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, with scattered, crisped, brown hairs on both surfaces, especially on the midrib and nerves, obscurely glandular, the apex acute or obtuse, base rounded, margins prominently and rather distantly denticulate ; nerves about 5 on , each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure. Flowers unknown. Infrutescence axillary, solitary, very slender, brown-puberulent, with intermixed longer crisped hairs, the rachis 2 to 2.5 cm. long, bearing near its apex few long-pedicelled fruits, the pedicels about 1 cm long, puberulent, each subtended by a narrowly lanceolate or linear, acuminate, 2.5 mm long bracteole. Sepals persistent, reflexed in fruit, lanceolate, gradually narrowed upward to the acuminate apex, about 3 mm long, united for the lower 0.5 mm, more or less brown- puberulent, margins obscurely ciliate, very obscurely glandular-punctate. Fruit fleshy, globose, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, red, glabrous, tipped with the slender, 3 mm long, persistent style; seed globose, 4 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Mount Abu, Bur. Sci. 1933 Foxworthy, Decem- ber 31, 1906, in forested ravines, altitude about 1,360 m.
A species of the section Bladhia, and apparently closely allied to Ardisia pusilla A. DC. (A. villosa Mez, non Roxb.) of Japan, and to A. faberi Hemsl. of China. All other species of the section, with one exception, A. metallica N. E. Br., of Sumatra, are confined to the Himalayan region, China, and Japan.
DISCOCALYX Mez.
Discocalyx insign is sp. nov.
Frutex glaber circiter 3 m altus ; foliis alternis, vix pseudo-verticillatis, elliptico-oblongis, usque ad 40 cm longis, margine dense denticulatis, basi longe decurrento-acuminatis ; petiolo 6 ad 9 cm longo; floribus dioicis, 5-meris, glabris.
An erect glabrous shrub about 3 m high, the ultimate branchlets stout, about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, not pseudo-verticillate, elliptic-oblong, 35 to 40 cm long, 10 to 14 cm wide, chartaceous or sub- coriaceous, usually grayish when dry, shining, not glandular-punctate, the apex shortly and obscurely blunt-acuminate, the base long-decurrent- acuminate, the margins entire in the lower part of the leaf, but above the lower one-fourth densely denticulate; nerves about 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, rather lax; petiole stout, 6 to 9 cm long. Panicles fascicled at the ends of
222
MERRILL.
special branches, these branches simple or branched near their apices, np to 18 cm long, the apical portions thickened, cylindric, marked by numerous scars, the panicles numerous, entirely glabrous, slender, 5 to 8 cm long, all parts marked with linear or punctate glands, the panicles 2-pinnate, the flowers racemosely arranged on the ultimate branchlets. Staminate flowers 5-meroug, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx 1.6 mm in diameter, glandular-punctate, glabrous, the lobes ovate, obtuse, united foi; one-half their length. Corolla 3 mm in diameter, glandular- punctate, the lobes ovate, obtuse, united for one-half their length. Anthers less than 0.5 mm long, sessile. Eudimentary ovary wanting. Pistillate flowers and fruits unknown.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, in the valley of the Agusan River near Amparo, in forests at an altitude of about 130 m, For. Bur. 7616 Hutchinson, August 26, 1907 (type). Negros, Mount Marapara, For. Bur. 13688 Curran, with immature flowers.
A species similar in vegetative characters to Discocalyx effusa Mez, but with very much larger leaves and much longer petioles, the inflorescence also entirely different. It is apparently most closely allied to D. montana Elm., but is quite distinct . from that species.
Discocalyx macrophylla sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, glaber, circiter 2 m altus ; f oliis alternis, elliptieo-ovatis vel elliptico-oblongis> subcoriaceis, in sicco nitidis, usque ad 31 cm. longis, valde denticulatis, basi rotundatis, petiolo usque ad 15 cm longo; floribus in paniculis brevibus congestis, 5-meris, glabris.
An erect shrub about 2 m high, the ultimate branches very stout, brown, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, or somewhat crowded at the apices of the branchlets, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, about 30 cm long, 12 to 16 cm wide, glabrous, subcoriaceous, shining, the lower surface obscurely and minutely glandular-punctate, somewhat paler than the upper one, the apex very shortly and obscurely blunt-acuminate, the base broad-, rounded, the margins strongly and densely denticulate except at the very base where they are entire; nerves 25 to 30 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces; petioles stout, dark-brown, about 15 cm long. Inflores- cence on special, leafless (or with one very much reduced leaf) branches, 40 cm long or less, from just below the leaves, the apex thickened and bearing one or several short, dense panicles which doubtless become more or less diffuse in anthesis. Flowers (in bud, and immature), 5-merous, all parts glandular-punctate, glabrous, the anthers sessile. Immature fruit globose, 3 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, near San Vicente, in forests, at sea level, For. Bur. 17237 Curran, March 8, 1909.
A very characteristic species, distinguishable by its very large and long-petioled leaves, as well as by the very long, specialized branches that bear the inflorescences. It is unquestionably allied to Discocalyx effusa Mez, although quite different from
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223
that species, and even more closely allied to D. insignis Merr., differing from the latter especially in its differently shaped leaves, which are broad and rounded at the base, not decurrent-acuminate, its much longer petioles, and more numerous leaf-veins.
EMBELIA Burm.
1. Embelia coriacea Wall. Cat. (1829) no. 2314; A. DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 87; Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 313.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 671, 1069, and three sheets without number, September-October, 1906, 1907. The specimens agree per- fectly with Maingay 1018, and with 5056 Dr. King's Collector, from the Malay Peninsula, in our herbarium.
Penang and Malacca, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; not previously reported' from the Philippines.
OLEACE^E.
JASMINUM Linn.
Jasminum cumingii sp. nov.
Frutex ut videtnr scandens, glaber, inflorescentiis obscure puberulis exceptis ; f oliis oppositis unif oliolatis, ovatis, acuminatis, nitidis, basi late rotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6 ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, 5-floris; calycis lobis 4 vel 5, subulatis, corollae lobis 6, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, quam tubus paullo brevioribus.
A shrub, apparently scandent, glabrous throughout except the obscurely puberulent inflorescence. Branches' terete, brown, smooth. Leaves sim- ple, opposite, ovate, 7 to 11 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, membranaceous, brown and shining when dry, the base broad, rounded, the apex rather sharply acuminate; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations very lax; petiole about 1.5 cm long, jointed. Cymes axillary, solitary, the peduncles rather slender, 3 to 7 cm long, each with 5 flowers near the apex, rarely with an additional pair of flowers at about the middle of the peduncle, the bracteoles setaceous, 3 to 5 mm long, the pedicels about 3 mm long. Calyx cup- shaped, about- 4 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, slightly puberulent, with 4 or 5 setaceous, slender, 0.5 to 0.8 mm long teeth. Corolla-tube 1.5 cm long, the lobes 6, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about 12 mm long, 2.5 to 2.8 mm wide. Anthers 4 mm long. Style 11 mm long.
Philippines, without definite locality, Cuming 1565.
A species well characterized by its long:peduneled, axillary, solitary, few- flowered, slightly puberulent inflorescence, the corolla-lobes nearly as long as the corolla-tube. The form has not been rediscovered as yet in the Philippines.
Jasminum tripl inervium sp. nov.
, Frutex scandens glaber; foliis oppositis, simplicibus, chartaeeis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, rariter acutis, basi tenuiter triplinerviis ;
224
MERRILL.
inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculatis, multifloris, foliis sub- aequilongis; calycis lobis 4 vel 5, setaeeis, brevibus, corollae laciniis 5, ellipticis, rotundatis, quam tubus dimidio brevioribus.
A scandent glabrous shrub. Branches slender, terete, gray. Leaves opposite, simple, chartaceous, shining when dry and paler on the under surface, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-ovate, 12 to 15 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the base acute, the apex narrowed, rounded, obtuse, or rarely acute, the base with a pair of slender lateral nerves leaving the midrib shortly above the insertion of the petiole, reaching at least to the middle of the leaf and anastomosing with the lateral nerves, these primary lateral nerves usually 5 or 6 pairs, distant, not prominent, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones; petioles jointed, 1.5 cm long. Cymes in the upper axils, solitary, about as long as the leaves, many-flowered, the peduncles about 5 cm long, the branches bearing from two to five flowers, the bracts and bracteoles minute, setaceous, 1 to 2 mm long. Pedicels 8 to 10 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, glabrous, the tube 3 to 4 mm long, the teeth 4 or 5, unequal, 1 to 2.5 mm long, linear- lanceolate, acuminate, minutely scaberulous. Corolla white, the tube 2 A cm long, the lobes 5, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, about 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, rounded at the apex, the base broad and minutely biauriculate. Anthers 6 to 7 mm long, acuminate.
Negros, Faraon, For. Bur. 13557 Meyer & Foxworthy, September 10, 1909, in forests, altitude not given.
A species well characterized by its slenderly triplinerved leaves, and its com- paratively large flowers. There are from 20 to 25 flowers in each inflorescence.
APOCYNACEiE.
ALSTON I A R. Br.
Alstonia paucinervia sp. nov.
Arbor glabra circiter 15 m alta; foliis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, anguste oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 13 cm longis, basi angustatis, acutis, apice breviter latissime aeuminatis vel obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, patulis, conspicuis, distantibus; folliculis 20 ad 40 cm longis.
A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Ultimate branches terete, or the tips somewhat 4-angled, smooth, olivaceous. Leaves usually in whorls of 4, narrowly oblong-obovate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 9 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, the upper surface smooth and shining, the lower surface of about the same color -but dull or very slightly shining, the apex very broadly and shortly acuminate or obtuse, gradually narrowed from about the middle to the acute base; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, spreading, distant, prominent, anastomosing close to the margin and forming a faint, somewhat looped, submarginal nerve, the reticulations lax, rather indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruiting peduncles from the apical axils, 3 to 4 cm long,
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
225
simple or dichotomously branched at the apex, each bearing from 2 to 6 follicles. Follicles cylindric, glabrous, longitudinally striate, about 3 mm in diameter, 20 to 40 cm long, pendulous. Seeds flattened, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, covered with short, brown hairs, both ends with numerous, long, brown hairs 7 mm in length or less.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Paracale, For. Bur. 18726 Darling, March 19, 1910, in forests at an altitude of about 70 m, locally known as batino.
A species closely allied to Alstonia maorophylla Wall., but with smaller, some- what differently shaped leaves which have fewer lateral nerves.
CONVOLVULACE^E.
DICHONDRA Forst.
Dichondra repens Forst. Char. Gen. PI. (1776) 39, t. 20; DC. Prodr. 9 (1855) 451.
Sibthorpia evolvulacea Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 288.
Dichondra evolvulacea Britton in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 5 (1894) 268.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, Bauco, dry hillsides, altitude about 1,300 m, Father M. Vanoverbergh 19, January, 1910, locally known to the Ilocanos as napalapayag.
The genus is new to the Philippines, the present species being widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and subtemperate regions of the world.
VERBENACE2E.
PYGMAEOPREMNA gen. nov.
Calyx parvus, anguste campanulatus sub anthesi regulariter 5-dentatus, sub fructu auctus, 2-lobatus, lobo altero 2-dentato, altero 3-dentato. Corollae tubus brevis, cylindraceus, rectus, breviter exsertus; limbus distincte 2-labiatus, lobo minore exteriore, integro, lobo majore interiore, 3-lobato, fauce intus parce villoso. Stamina 4, subaequalia, tubo afflxa, quam corolla breviora ; antherae ovatae, loculis parallelis vix divergentibus. Ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis; stylus apice brevissime 2-fidus. Drupa parva, calyce insidens, obovoidea,- excentriea, exocarpio carnoso, tenui, endocarpio duro, indiviso, saepissime 1-loculare vel rarius obscure 2-loeulare. Semina oblonga, compressa, exalbuminosa. Suffruticosa, parva, erecta, parce ramosa, sparse pubescens. Folia opposita, simplicia, integra. Cymae parvae, breves, terminales vel in axillis superioribus pedunculatae. Flores parvi, albi vel virido-albi.
Pygmaeopremna humilis sp. nov.
Suffrutex erectus, usque ad 15 cm altus; foliis obovato-oblongis, opposi- te, breviter petiolatis, membranaceis vel subchartaceis, acutis vel brevissime acuminatis, integris, basi acutis, subtus pallidioribus, nervis utrinque circiter 6, distantibus, distinctis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus axillari- busque, usque ad 2 cm longis, puberulis ; floribus parvis, circiter 4.5 mm longis.
226
MERRILL.
An erect somewhat woody plant about 15 cm high, from stont, elongated, woody roots, the stems simple or dichotomonsly once branched, terete, slender, the branchlets pale or dark in color, puberulent. Leaves obovate- oblong, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, membranaceous or subchartaceous, entire, the apex acute or very shortly acuminate, rather gradually narrowed from about the upper third to the acute base, the upper surface shining, with very few, scattered, short hairs, becoming glabrous or nearly so, the lower surface paler, eglandular, often shining, sometimes somewhat puberulent on the nerves; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distant, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 2 to 4 mm long, puberulent. Inflorescence cymose, rather densely puberulent, termi- nating the stems and branches, or in the dichotomously branched plants terminating the main stem between the branches and 'also frequently terminating the branches, pedunculate, the peduncles about 1 cm long, the cymes in anthesis about 1 cm long and wide, somewhat larger in fruit, rather densely flowered, the pedicels about 2 mm long, subtended by small bracteoles. Calyx in anthesis about 2 mm long, puberulent outside, narrowly funnel-shaped, equally 5-toothed, the teeth obtuse, 0.5 mm long, as wide as long, accrescent and persistent, 2-lipped in fruit. Corolla white or greenish- white, slightly exserted, 4.5 mm long, the tube broad, cylindric, straight, glabrous outside, inside somewhat villous, about 1.5 mm long, the limb prominently 2-lipped, the smaller lip rounded, about 2 mm in diameter, entire, imbricately covering the larger lip in bud, the larger lip prominently 3-lobed, the middle lobe rounded, 1.6 mm in diameter, entire, the lateral lobes about 1 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, flll lobes reflexed, or the middle lobe of the upper lip suberect. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, the filaments 0.5 mm long; anthers ovate or broadly elliptic, 0.6 mm long, the cells parallel, not divergent. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 2-celled, each cell- 2-ovuled ; style less than 1 mm long, minutely cleft at the apex. Fruit black, broadly obovoid, tipped by the remains of the style, about 5 mm long, 4 mm in diameter, somewhat inequilateral, the pericarp thin, fleshy, the endocarp bony, longitudinally rugose, 1-celled, containing a single seed, but frequently with indications of. an additional cell, the second cell rarely developing a seed. Calyx accrescent, persistent, in fruit nearly 4 mm in diameter, distinctly 2-lipped, the larger lip with three, 0.5 mm long teeth, the smaller lobe with two similar but distant teeth. ■ Seeds oblong, compressed, ‘ exalbuminous.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Piat, Bur. Sci. 7811 Ramos, April 2, 1909: Province of Isabela, Hagan, Bur. Sci. 8121 Ramos, April 29, 1909, in open grassy plains.
This curious little plant apparently represents the type of a new genus allied to Premna and Vitex, but more especially to the former. It differs remarkably from all species of both genera in its habit and in its small size as well as in floral and fruit characters indicated in the diagnosis. The stout roots, much larger then the stems, reach a diameter of 5 mm. Striking characters of the genus, aside from the small size and habit of the plant are its 2-lipped corollas,
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227
the smaller, exterior lip entire, the upper and inner lip strongly 3-lobed, and its calyx, which in anthesis is equally 5-toothed, but in fruit is accrescent and dis- tinctly 2-lipped, one lip 3-toothed, the other 2-toothed.
VITEX Linn.
Vitex longifolia sp. nov.
Arbor infloreseentiis exceptis glabra, circiter 12 m alta; foliis trifo- liolatis, petiolo 5 ad 9 cm longo, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-ovatis, longe subeaudato-acuminatis, basi acutis yel acuminatis, plus minus inaequilateralibus, usque ad 25 cm longis, subcoriaceis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus prominentibus ; paniculis terminalibus, pedun- culatis, amplis, plus minusve pubescentibus ; floribus fasciculatis.
A tree about 12 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches grayish, the ultimate ones somewhat compressed. Leaves 3-foliolate, the petioles terete, 5 to 9 cm long. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, somewhat shining when dry, brownish, paler beneath, 20 to 25 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, entire, the apex with a long, slender acumen, the base somewhat inequilateral, acute or acu- minate ; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, beneath prominent, curved-ascending, rather distant, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax ; petiolules of the lateral leaflets less than 1 cm long, of the middle leaflet nearly 2 , cm in length. Panicles terminal, solitary, equaling the leaves, the peduncle 15 cm long, sometimes with a single branch from the base, most of the primary branches from above the middle, usually about four at each node, the ultimate branches and branchlets more or less brown-pubescent. Flowers in fascicles on the ultimate branchlets, usually in groups of one central slightly pedicelled flower and two lateral shortly peduncled groups of three flowers each, the bracts small, 2 mm long or less. Calyx pubescent, cup-shaped, 2 mm long and wide, with five, short, acute teeth less than 0.5 mm long. Corolla lilac, pubescent inside and outside, the tube cylindric, 5 to 6 mm long, the upper lip bifid, 5 to 6 mm long, the lobes narrowly obovate, rounded, the lower lip 3-cleft, the lobes oblong, acute or obtuse, 3 mm long. Filaments some- what pubescent, the longer two about 8 mm, the shorter ones about 6 mm in length. Fruit unknown.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, in well -drained flat forests on the Gibon River, altitude about 55 m, For. Bur. 7574 Hutchinson, June; 1907, locally known to the Manobos as manamu and to the Yisayans as aticoco.
A species in the group with Vitex parviflora Juss. ( T7. littoralis Dene.), but distinguishable by its quite different and much larger leaflets.
TECTONA Linn. f.
Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 2 (1876) 1152; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 158; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 134, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 209, ( nomen nudum in all cases).
Tectona hamiltoniana Wall.; Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 629, pro parte (quoad pi. Philip.) ; F.-Vill. 1. c.
228
MERRILL.
Arbor usque ad 15 m alta; foliis elliptico-ovatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 8 ad 15 cm longis, supra glabris vel subglabris, albido- verruculosis, subtus dense pallide stellato-puberulis ; cymis terminalibus, densis; floribus circiter 8 mm longis ; fructibus circiter 13 mm diametro, calycibus persistentibus vix inflat is. -
A tree reaching a height of 15 m. Leaves elliptic-ovate to .ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, 8 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, subcoriaceous, subentire or the margins above obscurely undulate-crenate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, rather densely white-verrucose, beneath paler and densely stellate-puberulent ; nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, the reticulations dense; petioles densely puber- ulent, 5 to 7 mm long. Cymes terminal, sometimes in the upper axils, in anthesis rather dense, becoming rather diffuse in fruit, densely puberulent. Flowers nearly 8 mm long and 10 mm in diameter. Calyx densely puberulent, funnel-shaped, 5 mm long, equally 5-toothed, the teeth tri- angular-ovate, 2 mm long. Corolla-tube for the lower 1 to 1.5 mm cylindric, about 5 mm in diameter, then abruptly enlarged, the lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long, the throat villous inside. Fila- ments about 8 mm Long, slender, somewhat exserted. Fruit about 13 mm long, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, the persistent calyx enclosing the drupe but not inflated, densely puberulent with pale-brownish indumentum, the drupe about 8 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Batangas, Cuming llf32 (type number), For. Bur. 771^6 Currcm & Merritt, November, 1907, the latter growing in rather open brush lands at an altitude of about 50 m, locally known as malapangit.
As no description of the above species has ever been published, a short one has been given above. Cuming’s specimen was referred by Schauer to Tectona hamiltoniana Wall., but Bentham & Hooker f. were undoubtedly right in specifi- cally separating the Philippine plant from the Asiatic one. It is manifestly closely allied to Wallich’s species, but differs remarkably in the nature of the indumen- tum, which in T. hamiltomana Wall, is tomentose or stellately wooly, and in the present species minutely and very densely puberulent.
Cuming’s plant has been localized from his own list of localities preserved in his correspondence with Sir William Hooker at Kew, and is undoubtedly correct.
LABIATiE.
SALVIA Linn.
Salvia scaphiformis Hanee in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 368: Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1890) 287.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 17 ^ : Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7206 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Elmer 5831f, 8637.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; Formosa, and Szechuen, China.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
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SCROPHULARIACEAS.
BYTHOPHYTON Hook. f.
Bythophyton indicum (Hk. f. & Th.) Hk. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 4 (1884) 286.
Micranthemum indicum Hk. f. & Th. in Journ. Bot. 9 (1857) 245, t. 7 (excl. fig. of anthers, fide Hooker f.)
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 4519, November', 1905, in shallow water of a small pond at the summit, altitude about 2,250 m.
A monotypie genus previously recorded only from the Nonkreem marshes, Khasia Mountains, India, altitude about 1,400 m. I am indebted to the director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for the identification of the above specimen.
ACANTHACEiE.
PERISTROPHE Nees.
Peristrophe lancifolia sp. nov.
Herba erecta vix vel parce ramosa, sparse strigosa ; foliis membran- aceis, anguste lanceolatis, acuminatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, 2.5 cm latis ; foliis floralibus oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis ; corolla alba, 5 cm longa. ,
An erect herb about 50 cm high or less, usually unbranched. Stems green, longitudinally sulcate, about 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, or the younger parts slightly appressed-strigose. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 12 to 20 cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, entire or very slightly undulate, gradually narrowed upward to the long, slender, acuminate apex, the base also narrowed, acute or acuminate, somewhat shining when dry, the upper surface dark-green, the lower surface pale-green, both surfaces with numerous, scattered, oblong cystoliths, the lower also minutely white-puncticulate and slightly appressed-strigose on the midrib and nerves ; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, ascending, anastomosing and forming a nearly straight submarginal nerve, the secondary nerves and reticulations lax; petioles 5 mm long or less, stri- gose. Peduncles few, 2.5 cm long or less, terminal and in the upper axils, strigose, few-flowered. , Floral leaves 2, unequal, oblong to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, more or less strigose, especially on the margins. Flowers white, congested, each subtended by one or two linear-lanceolate, more or less hispid, long-acuminate bracts about 2 cm long, 2 mm wide, and by two or three similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx-lobes similar to the bracteoles, subequal, about 8 mm long, hispid. Corolla 5 cm long, the tube slender, 2.5 cm in length, one lip entire, 1.5 cm broad, the other somewhat narrower and shortly 2-toothed at the apex. Filaments slightly hirsute ; anthers 2-celled, the- upper cell about 3.5 mm long, the lower 2 mm long, muticous. Style minutely bifid.
230
MERRILL.
Pod about 1.5 cm long, hirsute, long-stalked; seeds 4. Placenta per- sistent, not separating from the capsule in dehiscence.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Balanga Mountains, For. Bur. 19258 Curran, Jan- uary, .1910.
A species well characterized by its narrowly lanceolate, long leaves and by its large flowers.
RUBIACEiE.
GREEN IOPSIS Merr.
Green iopsis pubescens sp. nov.
Arbor parva vel mediocris, omnibus partibus plus minus dense brunneo- pubescens; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 40 cm longis, longe acuminatis, basi angustatis, nervis utrinque eirciter 20, stipulis 3 cm longis ; capsulis 4 mm longis.
A small or medium-sized tree pubescent throughout. Branches stout, the ultimate ones about 8 mm in diameter, pubescent with short brownish hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 20 to 40 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, ^ubcoriaceous, shining when dry,- both surfaces pubescent with rather short hairs, or the upper subglabrous, entire, the apex rather slenderly long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, the lamina decurrent practically to the base of the short petiole, so that the leaves are subsessile; nerves about 20 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent, curved, anastomosing, the ultimate reticulations distinct; stipules oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, 3 cm long, 1 cm wide at the base, acu- minate, at first pubescent, becoming nearly glabrous, deciduous. Panicles terminal and in the upper axils, peduncled, nearly as long as the leaves, branched at or above the middle, the rachis, branches and branchlets densely brown-pubescent with short hairs, the branches flower-bearing only above the middle. Flower's white, pedicelled, the calyx pubescent, about 3 mm long, narrowly funnel-shaped, becoming somewhat inflated, the teeth 5, short, truncate, imbricate, broader then long. Corolla rather densely pubescent outside', the throat villous within, the tube about 2 mm long, rather abruptly enlarged above, the lobes 5, rounded, imbricate, about 1.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide. Anthers 1:4 mm long. Capsules subsecund on the ultimate branchlets, oblong or oblong-ovoid, densely pubescent, 4 mm long,, the persistent calyx-teeth oblong, pubescent on both surfaces.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Bicobian Bay, Bur. Sci. 10659 McGregor, August, 1909: Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7^07 Ramos, March, 1909 (type).
In general appearance very similar to the other two species of the genus, but well characterized by its rather uniformly distributed pubescence, which consists of short, usually spreading and brownish hairs. The third species for the genus.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
231
H EDYOTIS Linn.
Hedyotis cagayanensis sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, simplex, vix 1 m altus, glaber, partibus junioribus plus minus puberulis exceptis; caulibus teretibus, partibus junioribus quad- rangulatis, pulcherrime undulato-crenato-alatis ; foliis membranaeeis, am- plis, petiolatis, usque ad 18 cm Iongis, oblongo-obovatis vel elliptico- obovatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8 ; cymis axillaribus, in capitulis 'sub- globosis dense congestis.
An erect undershrub about 60 cm high, unbranched, glabrous, or the younger parts more or less puberulent. Stem stout, brownish, about 6 mm in diameter, the basal part terete, the younger parts above 4-angled, each angle with a striking undulate-crenate wing 1 to 2 mm in width. Leaves oblong-obovate to elliptic-obovate, membranaceous, glabrous, some- what shining, 13 to 18 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, the apex blunt, acute, or broadly acuminate, the base acute; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, ascending, the reticulations very obscure, lax; petioles
1.5 to 2 cm long; stipules ovate or oblong, about 12 mm long, cut into about 12 laciniae. Cymes axillary, glabrous, densely many-flowered, forming subglobose, axillary heads about 2 cm in diameter, the flowers 4- merous ; pedicels 2 mm long or less, the bracts oblong, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx-tube somewhat 4-angled, glabrous, 1.5 mm long, the lobes 1.8 mm in length. Capsule obovoid, 3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Pamplona, Bur. Sci. 7 502 Ramos, March 16, 1909, in forests along streams.
A species manifestly allied to H. pilosissima Merr., but in adult stage quite glabrous, but more especially characterized by its square, prominently 4-winged stems, the wings undulate-crenate.
Hedyotis macgregorii sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, ramulis foliis inflorescentiisque plus minus strigoso- pubescentibus ; foliis elliptico-oblongis vel elliptico-lanceolatis, usque ad
5.5 cm Iongis; cymis parvis, axillaribus terminalibusque, subsessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis, densis, paucifloris ; corolla circiter 6 mm longa.
An erect much-branched shrub. Branches terete, glabrous, grayish, the younger ones prominently 4-angled and rather densely pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 2 to 5.5 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, the base acute, the apex blunt, acute or even slightly acuminate, the lower surface more or less strigose-pubes- cent with short hairs, especially on the midrib and nerves, the upper surface also more or less pubescent, ultimately becoming glabrous or nearly so; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles densely
95948—^-5
232
MERRILL.
pubescent, 2 to 4 mm long; stipules pubescent, ovate, persistent, 3 to 4 mm long, cut into six or more linear, latinise. Cymes terminal and in the upper axils, small, dense, comparatively few-flowered, subsessile or the axillary ones sometimes with peduncles up to 1.5 cm in length, all parts more or less pubescent, the bracts foliaceous, spatulate, 5 to 6 mm long, the pedicels usually about 1 mm in length. Calyx-tube ovoid, pubescent, 2 mm long, the lobes usually 4, lanceolate, acuminate, pubes- cent, 3 mm long. Corolla apparently white, 6 mm long, the tube 4 mm in length, cylindric, glabrous outside, villous within, usually with 4 lobes, rarely with 3 or 5, the lobes oblong, obtuse or acute, 2 mm long, reflexed in anthesis, slightly strigose on the back. Anthers 1.2 mm long. Style
3.5 mm long, cleft at the apex. Capsule ovoid, 3.5 mm long, somewhat strigose-pubescent, the seeds black, compressed, angular, irregular, 1.2 to
1.5 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8Jf90 McGregor, June, 1909 (type), Bur. Sci. hJfiS Mearns, August; 1907.
Apparently a species of the mossy forest, allied to Hedyotis benguetensis Elm., and other species of that group, but well characterized by its strigose pubescence.
Hedyotis pilosissima sp. nov.
Frutex vel suffrutex erectus, simplex, vix 1 m altus, omnibus partibus plus minus dense pilosus ; f oliis chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblongo- lanceolatis vel oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 16 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis 6 vel 7 utrinque, adscendentibus ; stipulis amplis, laciniatis ; cymis in axillis dense congestis, subcapitatis, -dense multifloris.
An erect unbranched suffrutescent or decidedly woody undershrub less than 1 m high, the stems terete, about 6 mm in diameter, brownish or grayish, densely pilose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 16 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, chartaceous or submembrahaceous, greenish when dry, somewhat shining, the apex acuminate, base acute, both surfaces with numerous, long, white hairs, ' especially so on the midrib and nerves on the under surface; nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct, ascending, not or obscurely anastomosing, the sec- ondary nerves and the reticulations obsolete; petioles pilose, 1.5 to 2 cm long; stipules ample, green, somewhat pilose, up to 1.5 cm long,. 1.2 cm wide, cut into about 12, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate laciniae 3 to 5 mm in length, the middle one longer. Cymes axillary, more or less pilose, congested, forming subglobose or hemispherical inflorescences 1 to 2 cm in diameter. Flowers 4-merous, their pedicels up to 2 mm in length, sometimes wanting, the bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long. Calyx-tube ovoid, glabrous, about 1.2 mm long, the lobes green, lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long, the margins ciliate with long white hairs. Corolla-tube 2 mm long, the lobes about the same length, oblong, recurved, usually acute. Anthers 1 mm long. Capsule globose or ovoid, glabrous except for the few hairs on the persistent calyx-lobes, about 2
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
233
mm in. diameter; seeds numerous, angular, black, about 0.3 mm in diameter.
Panay, Dumarao, in damp, shaded ravines along streams, at an altitude of about 100 m, Merrill 670Jf, March 25, 1910.
A species well characterized by its ample leaves and dense pubescence. A specimen from Maagnas, Province of Camarines, Luzon, Bur. Sci. 6326 Robinson, August, 1908, may be referable here, but in this plant the capsules are pilose, not glabrous.
IXORA Linn.
Ixora capitulifera sp. nov.
Arbor glabra circiter 10 m alta; foliis subcoriaceis, in sicco brunneis, nitidis, oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis, acuminatis, basi leviter rotundatis, breviter petiolatis; floribus circiter 1.5 cm longis, subsessilibus, in capit- ulis parvis, densis, longe pedunculatis dispositis ; calycis dentibus quam tubus brevioribus.
A glabrous tree about 10 m high. Branches terete, stout, grayish. Leaves oblong or oblong-obovate, 4 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 5 cm wide, subcoriaceous, brown and shining on both surfaces when dry, the apex shortly and usually . bluntly acuminate, rarely nearly acute, the base narrowed, somewhat rounded, rarely subacute ; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, slender, brown, distinct, anastomosing; petioles less than 2. mm long. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, the peduncles slender, 2 to 4 cm long, each subtended by from 2 to 4, distichous, broadly ovate, acuminate bracts about 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, usually with a pair of smaller, narrower bracts above the middle. Flowers 5 to 8 at the end of each peduncle, sessile, congested, the calyces forming a rather dense head less than 6 mm in diameter. Calyx 2 mm long, the teeth 4, triangular- ovate, acute or somewhat obtuse, small, the bracteoles 2, linear, about 1 mm long. Corolla-tube 13 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, the lobes four, elliptic, rounded or obtuse, about 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, in forests along streams at an altitude of about 1,050 m, Bur. Sci. 686 Foxworthy , March 23, 1906, the flowers said to be pinkish or whitish, with a faint wintergreen odor.
The species is a very characteristic one, readily recognizable by its slenderly peduncled capitate inflorescence.
Ixora crassifolia sp. nov.
■ Arbor parva usque ad 9 m alta, inflorescentiis puberulis exceptis glabra, foliis crassissime coriaceis, ellipticis vel oblongo-elliptici's, apice rotundatis vel leviter retusis, usque ad 34 cm longis, nitidis, utrinque in sicco dense minute rugosis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; inflorescentiis terminalibus, puberulis, circiter 9 cm longis, dense multifloris ;. floribus circiter 2.5 cm longis.
A small tree 9 m high or less, glabrous except the somewhat cinereous- puberulent inflorescence. Branches rather stout, brown or grayish. Leaves elliptic, broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 14 to 24 cm long, 7
234
MERRILL.
to 18 cm wide, very thickly coriaceous, somewhat shining, when dry minutely and densely rugose on both surfaces, the apex rather broadly rounded, sometimes slightly refuse, the base acute or somewhat acuminate, rarely broadly rounded; nerves about 10 on each side of; the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations lax ; petioles stout, 1 to 2 cm long ; stipules very broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, 5 to 7 mm long, deciduous. Inflorescence terminal, puberulent, corymbose, subtended -by one or two pairs of broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate bracts 8 mm long or less, with two lateral basal branches, the rachis short, trichotomously branched, the primary branches stout, 3 to 5 cm long, all subtrichotomously branched at their apices, forming a rather dense inflorescence about 9 cm long, and as wide or wider than long. Flowers white or greenish- white, rather densely crowded at the ends of the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, ebracteolate. Calyx ovoid, puberulent, about 2 mm long, with 4 short, broadly ovate, acute teeth about 0.3 mm long. Corolla-tube rather slender, 2.4 cm long, 2 mm wide when more or less flattened out, the lobes 4, spreading or reflexed, oblong, rounded, 7 mm long, 4 mm wide. Anthers linear, 5 mm long, the filaments exserted about 3 mm. Style slender, exserted about 6 mm, the arms thickened, more or less flattened, about 2 mm long.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9039, 9070, 9J/39 (type), 9Jt79 Whitford <£ Hutchinson, December, 1907, and February, 1908, in dipterocarp forests at from 30 to 50 m above the sea.
A species well characterized by its unusually large, very coriaceous leaves, which, when dry, are rather pale and minutely, densely rugose on both surfaces.
Ixora ebracteolata sp. nov.
Ixora amboinica. Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 "(1906) 9, non DC.
Arbuscula vel arbor parva, 3 ad 8 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis petiolatis, coriaceis vel subcoriaoeis, in sicco brunneis, nitidis, oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis, obtusis vel late brevissime acuminatis, basi aCutis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, distinctis ; cymis terminalibus, puberulis vel subglabris, pedunculatis, multifloris; floribus 9 ad 12 mm longis, ebracteolatis.
An erect shrub or tree 3 to 8 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence which is' usually puberulent. Branches terete, gray, the younger ones usually reddish-brown. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 6 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, the base acute or decurrent-acuminate, the apex obtuse, rounded, or broadly and obtusely short-acuminate, brown and shining when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper ; primary nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, brown, distinct, the reticula- tions rather lax, distinct; petioles 5 to 10 mm long; stipules lanceolate- acuminate from an ovate base, 5 mm long or less. Inflorescence terminal, rather dense, 5 to 7 cm in diameter, usually puberulent, sometimes glabrous peduncled, many-flowered, the peduncles 3 to 5 cm long, the lower branches spreading, about 2 cm long. Flowers white,- mostly in triads on
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
235
the ultimate branehlets, the middle one of each triad sessile or subsessile, the two lateral ones with pedicels 3 to 5 mm in length, the bracts and bracteoles wanting. Calyx glabrous, ovoid, about 3 mm long, the teeth broadly triangular-ovate, acute, 0.5 mm long. Corolla-tube 6 to’ 9 mm long, about 2 mm in diameter, the lobes 4, elliptic-oblong, acute or slightly acuminate, 6 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Anthers 3.5 mm long, lanceo- late, acuminate. Style slightly exserted ; stigma cleft, 2 mm long. Fruit ovoid, smooth, somewhat fleshy when fresh, 8 mm long or less, dark- colored when dry.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mahumaling, For. Bur. 584-5 Curran, January, 1907 (type), on dry cogon-covered slopes; other specimens from the same province are: Bur. Sci. 4198, 5038 Ramos,- For. Bur. 375 Maule, Merrill 2953, 2985, 2080. Various local names are pamutim, pilis, lumboy-manoc, talab, and tatanic.
The species is entirely different from Ixora amboinica DC., to which Mr. Elmer referred several of the specimens above cited; it is distinguished from the majority of the species in the genus by the entire absence of bracts and bracteoles.
Ixora longissima sp. nov.
Arbuscula erecta, glabra; foliis petiolatis, lanceolatis, usque ad 40 cm longis, crasse membranaceis, sensim longe acuminatis, margine minute crenato-undulatis ; cymis terminalibus, dilfusis, amplis, multifloris ; floribus circiter 5 cm longis; ealycis dentibus acutis, quam tubus brev- ioribus.
An erect glabrous shrub. Branches terete, pale-brown, smooth and shining. Leaves lanceolate, about 40 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, thickly chartaceous, shining when dry, the base acute or somewhat decurrent- acuminate, gradually narrowed upward into the long, slender, acuminate apex, the margins minutely erenate-undulate ; nerves about 23 on each side of the midrib, slender, not very prominent, anastomosing, the reti- culations lax; petioles stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules very broad, connate, abruptly acuminate, about 5 mm long. Cymes terminal, very large, trichotomously branched and rebranched, the peduncle stout, about 5 mm long, the primary branches about as long as the peduncle, spreading, the whole inflorescence, including the corollas, about 20 cm wide. Flowers apparently pink or reddish, numerous, in triads on the ultimate branch- lets, the middle one of each triad sessile, the two lateral ones with pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the bracts oblong-ovate, acuminate, 2 to 3 mm long, the bracteoles similar but smaller, 1 mm long. Calyx 2 mm long, the teeth ovate, acute, about 0.5 mm long. Corolla-tube slender, about 4.5 cm long, the lobes broadly ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, thin, reticulate, about 10 mm long, 4 mm wide.
Leyte, without definite locality, For. Bur. 16975 Rosenbluth, March, 1909.
A species well characterized by its very long leaves which are long and slenderly acuminate, as well as by its ample, diffuse panicles and very long flowers. It is probably most closely allied to Ixora salicifolia DC., but seems to be sufficiently distinct.
236
MERRILL.
Ixora longistipula sp. nov.
Frutex glaber 1.5 ad 3 m altus; foliis petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis; stipulis setaceis, 1 ad 1.8 cm longis; inflorescentiis terminalibus longe pedunculatis, floribus circiter 2 cm longis in capitulis parvis dense confertis; calycis dentibus acutis, quam tubus brevioribus.
A glabrous shrub 1.5 to 3 m high. Branches terete, slender, reddish- brown. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, chartaceous, usually firmly so, shining, narrowed at both ends, the base acute, the apex sharply acuminate; lateral nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles about 1 cm long; stipules setaceous, about 1 cm long, broadened at the base. Inflorescence terminal, solitary, the peduncles slender, 9 "to 15 cm long, the flowers subsessile or shortly pedicelled, disposed in a ter- minal, simple, dense head, this head, excluding the corollas, less than 1- cm in diameter, usually about 25 flowers in each. Bracteoles narrowly lan- ceolate, acuminate, 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 2 to 2.5 mm long, the teeth ovate, acute, about 1 mm in length. Corolla slender, pink, the tube about 2 cm long, 1 mm in diameter, the lobes 4, broadly elliptic, spreading, rounded, 4 to 4.5 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter. Anthers 3 mm long. Style slightly exserted, the arms flattened, 1.5 mm long. Fruit globose, fleshy, white to pink, about 1 cm in diameter, the seeds elliptic in outline, 7 mm long, 5 mm wide.
Negros, Mount Marapara, For. Bur. 13625 Curran <6 Foxworthy, September, 1909 (type), For. Bur. 1369 If Curran; near Cadiz, Bur. Sci. 7327 Celestino, March, 1909. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5569, November, 1906.
A sylvan species ranging from 500 to 700 m above the sea, well Characterized by its elongated, setaceous stipules, and its long-peduncled, capitulate inflorescence.
Ixora mearnsii sp. nov.
Arbuscula erecta glabra; foliis oblongis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis vel submembranaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel leviter rotun- datis, petiolatis, usque ad. 18 cm longis, in sicco nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 11, distinctis; cymis terminalibus, multifloris, densis; floribus circiter 3 cm longis, calycis segmentis acutis, quam tubus brevioribus.
An erect glabrous shrub. Branches terete, or the younger ones ob- scurely angled, dark-reddish-brown, shining. Leaves oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 18 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, chartaceous or submembranaceous, shining on both surfaces, when dry olivaceous above, paler beneath, the apex very sharply acuminate, the base acute or nar- rowed and slightly abruptly rounded; nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, distinct on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles about 1 cm long; stipules connate, subtruncate, abruptly and shortly apiculate-acuminate, the margins slightly ciliate, 2 to 3 mm long. Cymes terminal, shortly peduncled, including the flowers about 7
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
237
cm long, 10 cm wide, dense, many-flowered, the branches trichotomously branched. Flowers apparently pink, mostly in triads on the ultimate branchlets, the middle one of each triad sessile, the two lateral ones with pedicels 3 mm long or less; bracts subtending the branches small, ovate, acuminate, the bracteoles similar, ovate, acuminate, 1 to 1.2 mm long. Calyx 2 to 3 mm lon^-, the teeth ovate, acuminate or acute, 1 mm long. Corolla-tube 26 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, the lobes elliptic to elliptic- oblong, reticulate, membranaceous, acute or minutely acuminate, 7 to 8 mm long, 4 to 5 mm wide. Anthers 3 mm long, abruptly caudate- apiculate. Stigma about 1 mm long, slightly exserted.
. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Casiguran, Bur. Sci. 2999 (type), 2976 Means, June 1, 1907. A specimen from Baler, Province of Tayabas, Luzon, Bur. Soi. 10672 McGregor, August, 1909, is similar but has a more lax inflorescence, longer flowers, the corolla-tube 3 cm in length, and the calyx-teeth are obtuse or rounded.
A species allied to Ixora congesta Roxb., but with thinner, fewer-nerved leaves, /and more lax inflorescence.
Ixora mindanaensis sp. nov.
Arbuscula 2 ad 3 m alta, cymis parce puberulis exceptis glabra; foliis laneeolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, eoriaceis vel subcoriaceis, petiolatis, usque ad 16 cm longis, basi acutis vel aeu- minatis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, distinctis, laxissime reticulatis vel reticulis subobsoletis ; cymis terminalibus, e basi 3-ramosis ; floribus circiter 11 mm longis, calycis dentibus parvis, obtusis, quam tubus brevioribus.
A shrub 2 to 3 m high, erect, branched, glabrous except the inflores- cence. Branches terete, rather slender, light-gray. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 8 to 16 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, when dry shining on both surfaces, brown, paler beneath, the apex rather sharply acuminate, the base grad- ually narrowed, acute or somewhat acuminate; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, beneath distinct, usually brown, anastomosing, the reticulations very lax, often nearly obsolete; petioles about 5 mm long; stipules ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, about 5 mm long, deciduous. Cymes terminal, somewhat puberulent, branched from the base, the branches three; 2 cm long or less, each bearing at the apex from three to five short secondary branches, the flowers all sessile or subsessile, in groups of threes on the ultimate branchlets, densely disposed, the cymes 5 cm long' or less ; bracts very small, obscure, the bracteoles similar, minute, linear, 0.5 mm long. Calyx 2 to 2.5 mm long, puberulent, the teeth ovate, obtuse, 0.5 mm long. Corolla-tube white or pinkish, about 9 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, the lobes elliptic-oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm wide, obtuse, 6 -nerved, nerves mostly anastomosing. Anthers 3 mm long, acute or obtuse. Stigma slightly exserted, 2 mm long, cleft.
238
MERRILL.
Fruit red, depressed-globose, somewhat compressed, about 1 cm wide, nearly as long, glabrous, smooth, somewhat longitudinally depressed be- tween the seeds, crowned by the short calyx-rim.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9010 (type), 9034 Whitford cG Hutchinson, November 29 and December 2, 1907 ; Sax River, Williams 2192, February 4, 1905: Province of Misamis, Malabug River, trail to Mount Malindang, For. Bur. J/778 M earns & Hutchinson: Lake*Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., May and November, 1906.
Ixora palawanensis sp. nov.
Frutex erectus 2 ad 3 m altus, glaber; foliis subcoriaceis, nitidis, acu- minatis, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 14; cymis terminalibus, dense multifloris; floribus 3.3 ad 3. '8 cm longis, bibracteolatis, bracteolis parvis; calycis segmenti's ovatis, acutis, quam tubus brevioribus.
An erect shrub 2 to 3 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches terete or somewhat compressed, smooth, somewhat shining, reddish-brown. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, 7 to 15 cm long, 1.5 to 4.5 cm wide, subcoriaceous, somewhat pale when dry, shining on both surfaces, the base acute or .acuminate, apex sharply acuminate; prim ary nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, anastomosing, scarcely more distinct than are the alternating secondary ones, the reticulations obscure, lax; petioles 0.3 to 0.8 cm long; stipules 5 mm long or less, base broad, apex abruptly contracted, prominently acuminate. Cymes terminal, dense, 4 to 8 cm wide, the peduncles 1 cm long or less, the lower branches up to 5 cm in length, trichotomously branched, the lower bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about 1 cm long, the bracts of the secondary branches much smaller, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 2.2 mm long; bracteoles 2 at the base of each flower, similar to the upper bracts but only 1.5 mm long. Flowers salmon- to orange- colored, numerous, mostly in triads at the ends of the ultimate branch- lets, the middle one of each triad sessile, the two lateral ones with pedicels 3 to 8 mm in length. Calyx 3 to 3.3 mm long, the lobes 4, ovate, acute, 1.5 mm in length. Corolla-tube 3 to 3.5 cm long, less than 1.5 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, reticu- late, rather thin, about 11 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Anthers 3 mm long. Style slightly exserted; stigma cleft. Fruits ovoid, about 1 cm long,- dark-reddish-brown when dry, obtuse or slightly beaked.
Palawan, in forests about 11 miles northwest of Iwahig, Bur. Sci. 793 Fox- ioorthy, April 22, 1906, in forested ravines.
A species manifestly allied to Ixora congesta Roxb., but with relatively narrower, smaller leaves which are sharply acuminate, the veins not prominent, etc.
Ixora philippinensis sp. nov.
Arbuscula vel arbor parva, 2 ad 7 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra ; foliis subcoriaceis, subsessilibus, oblongo-ovatis, elliptico-ovatis, vel ovatis,
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usque ad 15 cm lougis, in sicco nitidis, plerumque brunneis, breviter acuminatis vel acutis, basi late rotundatis plerumque distincte cordatis; cymis puberulis, terminalibus, paucifloris, breviter pedunculatis, densis; floribus 1.8 ad 2.2 cm lougis, calycis dentibus minutis, apiculato-acum- inatis, quam tubus brevioribus.
A shrub or small tree 2 to 7 m high, glabrous except the usually puber- ulent inflorescence. Branches grayish to reddish-brown, terete. Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate or ovate, shining when dry, usually brownish, paler beneath, subcoriaceous, 6 to 15 cm long, 2 to 6 cm wide, rarely wider, the apex shortly and broadly acuminate, acute, or rarely obtuse, usually minutely apiculate by the excurrent midrib, the base broadly rounded, usually distinctly cordate, the uppermost leaves sometimes some- what surrounding the stems; petioles none or very short, rarely reaching a length of 3 mm; primary nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, slender, usually brown and distinct beneath, anastomosing, the reticula- tions brown, slender, distinct; stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, prominently acuminate, 3 to 5 mm long. Cymes terminal, solitary, usually somewhat puberulent, their peduncles mostly 1 to 1.5 cm long, often subtended by a pair of reduced, ovate or suborbicular, cordate leaves 1 to 3 cm in length; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 to 1.8 mm long. Flowers white to pale-pink, shortly pedicelled or sessile, crowded, forming a dense inflorescence which, excluding the corollas, is less than
1 cm in diameter, 10 or usually less flowers in each cyme, the branches very short. Calyx 2 mm long, slightly puberulent, the teeth very broad, minute, abruptly apiculate-acuminate, less than 0.3 mm long, the brac- teoles lanceolate, acuminate, less than 1 mm long. Corolla-tube 1.8 to
2 cm long, usually slightly hairy outside, the lobes coriaceous, elliptic- oblong, rounded or obtuse, about 7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Anthers 3.5 mm long, apiculate. Stigma 2 mm long, cleft, slightly exserted. Fruit ovoid, apparently red when dry, the pericarp slightly fleshy, glabrous, slightly or distinctly beaked, nearly 1 cm long when mature, usually distinctly longitudinally depressed between the seeds.
The type of this species is For. Bur. 2299 Meyer, from the Lamao River, Province of Bataan, Luzon; other specimens from the same locality are Whitford 1210, Leiberg 6118, Williams 318, For. Bur. 2021/. Borden, and For. Bur. 1J/.63 Ahern’s collector.
Ixora philippinensis includes most of the Philippine specimens that recently have been identified as Ixora coccinea Linn., and it appears to be one of .the most widely distributed and abundant species in the Archipelago. Of our abundant material, for the most part distributed as Ixora coccinea Linn., I would refer to Ixora philippinensis specimens from the Batanes and Babuyanes Islands, from the Provinces of Ilocos Norte, Zambales, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Tayabas, and Camarines in Luzon, and from the Islands of Min- doro, Lubang, Guimaras, Negros, Panay, Palawan, Balabac, and Mindanao.
Ixora phil ippinensis is manifestly closely allied to Ixora coccinea Linn., espe- cially in its sessile or subsessile, cordate leaves and other vegetative characters,
240
MERRILL.
but differs in its very short calyx-teeth, shorter and usually more slender corolla, which is white or pale-pink, and in its very small, congested, few-flowered cymes. In spite of its wide distribution in the Philippines I have been unable to refer it with any degree of satisfaction to any previously described species.
Var. brevituba var. nov.
A typo differt cymis sessilibus vel brevissime peduneulatis, corollae tubo vix 1 cm longo.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Pasuquin, For. Bur. 15527 Merritt & Darling, November 3, 1908, on limestone formation, hillsides, altitude about 100 m.
Ixora coccinea Linn, apparently does not occur in the Philippines except as an introduced and cultivated plant.
Ixora littoralis sp. nov.
Arbuseula glabra, erecta; foliis coriaceis, breviter petiolatis, basi leviter cordatis, apiee aeutis vel acuminatis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 6 cm longis; cymis depauperatis, congestis, paucifloris, breviter pedun- culatis, axilla, ribus terminalibusque ; floribus sessilibus vel brevissime pedi- * cellatis, 1.6 ad 1.8 cm longis, calycis lobis aCutis, quam tubus brevioribus.
A glabrous shrub. Branches stout, terete, dark-gray. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 6 cm long, 1 to 3 cm wide, subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, paler beneath, the base- rather broad, rounded- subeordate, apex acute or obscurely acuminate, apiculate; nerves about 8 on each aide of the midrib, slender, brown, distinct beneath, the reticulations rather lax, distinct; petioles about 1 mm long; stipules lanceolate-acuminate, 3 mm long or less. Cymes axillary and termi- nating short lateral branches, the peduncles 5 to 6 mm long, subtended by about three pairs of imbricated, distichous bracts about 2.5 mm long, their bases broad, abruptly caudate-acuminate, the bracts sub- tending the few branches ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long, the bracteoles linear, 1 mm long or less. Cymes few-flowered, congested, the branches only about 2 mm long. Flowers in triads, the middle one sessile or nearly so, the pedicels of the lateral ones 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx 3 mm long, the teeth broadly triangular-ovate, acute, 0.5. mm long. Corolla- tube 14 to 16 cm long, .1 mm in diameter, the lobes coriaceous, not reticulated, mottled, elliptic-ovate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute or obtuse. Anthers 3.5 mm long, apiculate. Style slightly exserted ; stigma cleft.
Bohol, Tagbilaran, on beach cliffs, Bur. Sci. 1274 McGregor, July, 1906; flowers white.
A species closely allied to Ixora, philippinensis Merr., differing in its smaller leaves and flowers and frequently axillary inflorescence.
LASIANTHUS Jack.
Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 (1823) 125; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 179; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 112; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 73 2 (1904) 113.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7 406 Ramos, March, 1909.
The specimen agrees closely with the description and with the single specimen
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
241
available here for comparison; not previously reported from the Philippines except for the unverified record of F.-Villar; India to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
LUCINAEA DC.
Lucinaea monocephala sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor glaber; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, brunneis, nitidis, acuminatis, usque ad 8 cm longis, nervis utrinque eirciter 10, tenuibus; capitulis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculatis, eirciter 2 cm diametro.
A shrub or tree, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, rugose, gray or brown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, brown and shining when dry, paler beneath, subcoriaceous or thickly chartaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, the base acute, the apex shortly acuminate, the lower surface coyered with minute, obscure, whitish, lepidote scales; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, the reticulations nearly obsolete; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Heads axillary, solitary, brown, the peduncles 'Stout, 3 to 4 cm long, the heads globose, about 2 cm in diameter. Corolla at least 1 cm long, the petals valvate. Calyx-rim truncate or subtruncate.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, near Dahican, Bur. Sci. lOOSJf Ramos, July, 1909 (type). Negros, Earaon, For. Bur.. 19074 Curran.
Apparently most closely allied to Lucinaea ridleyi King, of the Malay Penin- sula and Borneo, but differing, according to the description of that species, in a number of characters.
MUSSAENDA Linn.
Mussaenda albiflora sp. nov.
- Frutex erectus 2 ad 5 m altus, omnibus partibus plus minus dense hirsutis; foliis chartaceis, usque ad 30 cm longis, breviter petiolatis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque 11 ad 15; paniculis terminalibus, floribus ad apices ramulorum congestis, corollae tubo albo, eirciter 2.5 cm longo.
An erect shrub 2 to 5 m high, all parts more or less densely hirsute with mostly long, spreading, pale or brownish hairs. Branches terete, reddish-brown or grayish, ultimately glabrous, the young branchlets densely hirsute. Leaves chartaceous, ovate , to oblong-ovate, 11 to 30 cm long, 6 to 9 cm wide, the apex .rather slenderly acuminate, the base more or less decurrent-acuminate and usually slightly inequilateral, both surfaces with scattered, spreading, long hairs, either pale or brownish, and especially dense on the midrib and primary nerves; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, densely hirsute ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, about 1 cm long, usually ultimately cleft. Panicles terminal, all parts more or less clothed with long or short, mostly spreading hairs, the flowers congested at the apices of the branchlets, the bracts acuminate, about 7 mm long, the bracteoles similar, more or less hirsute. Pedicels short, gradually merging into the slender, slightly hirsute calyx, the calyx-tube about 2 mm in diameter, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, 6 to 7 mm long, about 1 mm wide at the base, gradually narrowed upward to the acuminate
242
MERRILL.
apex. Corolla-tube very slender, 2.5 cm long, about 1 mm in diameter, the antheriferous portion near the apex slightly inflated and about 2 mm in diameter, this portion also densely bearded inside, the outside with scattered, short hairs, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 9 to 10 mm long, 2 mm wide at the base, gradually narrowed upward to the slenderly acuminate apex, more or less pubescent. Anthers 4 to 5 mm long. Style 4 to 5 mm long, cleft one-third to one-half into two arms. The persistent leaf-like, accrescent calyx-lobe is white, elliptic-ovate, ovate, or oblong-ovate, membranaceous, 6 to 9 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, 5- to 7 -nerved from the base, the nerves more or less hirsute, the reticulations lax, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate, the base acute or rounded, the stipe about 2 cm long. Fruit fleshy, narrowly obovoid, about 1.3 mm long, black when dry, with few, long, scattered hairs, the calyx-lobes, other than the accrescent one, early deciduous.
Negkos, Faraon, For. Bur. 17358 (type), 17359 Curran, September, 1909, and near the same locality, For. Bur. 5539 Everett, September, 1906, For. Bur. 5218 Danao & Aspillera, June, 1906, in thickets, stream depressions, etc., at low altitudes, locally known as agboy. f
A species well characterized by its long, slender, corolla-tubes which are white instead of yellow, differing in these characters from all Philippine species known to me.
Mussaenda philippica A. Rich, in Mdm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5 (1834) 245.
Calycophyllum grandiflorum Meyen Reise 2: 234; Walp. iff Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.' 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 356.
Mussaenda grandiflora Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 311; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 152, non Benth. (1849).
Mussaenda frondosa Auct. Philip., non Linn.
There are at present about 60 sheets in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science that are apparently referable to a single variable species, or perhaps to several closely allied ones. The material has been identified at various times, some specimens as Mussaenda frondosa Linn., some as M. grandiflora Rolfe, and some as M. glabra Vahl. Rolfe in 1884 stated that he had seen no Mussaenda frondosa Linn., from the Philippines, and I can only agree with him in considering that the typical form of Linneus’ species does not extend to the Archipelago. The type of Mussaenda frondosa Linn., was from Ceylon, and the Director of the Botanic Garden at Peradeniya has kindly supplied me with a full series of specimens representing the Ceylon plant, presumably some of which are typical Mussaenda frondosa Linn. None of this Ceylon material matches any of our Philippine specimens. Mr. Rolfe transferred Calycophyllum grandiflorum Meyen to Mussaenda, to supply a specific name for the Philippine plant, but overlooked the fact that the above specific name was invalidated in Mussaenda by the earlier M. grandiflora Benth. I have accordingly adopted for the Philippine species the name Mussaenda philippica A. Rich., which was based on material secured in the Philippines by Perrottet. Whether or not it is the oldest valid name for the species, I am unable to determine at the present time; some of our Philippine specimens apparently closely match some Javan and Caroline Islands material distributed as M. frondosa Linn., and M. glabra Vahl. Mussaenda philippica A. Rich, is an erect shrub or small tree, not at all scandent, and as at present interpreted, extends from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, and will probably be found to extend to other parts of Malaya.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
243
Mussaenda villosa Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 6254; Hook. f. PI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 91; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 722 (1903) 184.
What is apparently this species has been collected at Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao, Mindanao, by Mrs. Clemens, no. 562, and two specimens without number. The material agrees with Wallich’s species as interpreted by Sir George King 1. c., except that the pubescence is pale rather than rusty. It is the only seandent species at present known from the Philippines; widely distributed in the Malay Peninsula.
OLDENLANDIA Linn.
Oldenlandia pterita (Bl.) Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 193.
Hedyotis pterita Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 972.
Gonotheca blumei DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 429.
Oldenlandia alata Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 70; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 107, non Koenig ex Roxb.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7824 Ramos, April, 1909. Negros, Cabancalan, Merrill 6430, March, 1910. Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 213 Bermejos, December, 1905. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 124, April, 1903, Copeland 596, March, 1904: District, of Zamboanga, Hallier s. n., February, 1904.
Previously credited to the Philippines by Hooker f., and by F.-Villar. What is apparently the oldest valid specific name is adopted, for according to Hooker f., the species originally published by Roxburgh, ascribed to Koenig, is a synonym of Oldenlandia paniculata Linn.
Widely distributed, India to . China, and Malaya.
PRISMATOMERIS Thwaites.
Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzen- fam. 4 4 (1891) 138.
Coffea tetrandra Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1832) 538.
Prismatomeris albidiflora Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. 7 (1855) 268, t. 7 ; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 159; Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 355: King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 73 2 (1904) 90; Valeton in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 8 (1901) 5.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 7 365 Ramos, For. Bur. 13409 Bernardo, For. Bur. 16592, 17166, 17260 Curran, For. Bur. 14721, 14 77/7 Darling, For. Bur. 18452 Alvarez, February, March, 1909, in forests at from 30 to 200 m altitude.
Some of the specimens cited above differ from the species as described in having somewhat larger flowers and larger leaves, while others are almost an exact match for a specimen of Thwaites’ Ceylon plants no. 728 in our herbarium. All the Luzon material has 5-merous flowers and is much closer to the Ceylon plant than to several sheets in our herbarium from Perak, Penang, Singapore, and Java.
No representative of the genus has previously been reported from the Philip- pines ; Ceylon, Burma, Khasia Mountains, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
PSYCHOTRI A Linn.
Psychotria phanerophlebia sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, ramulis, inflorescentiis, subtus foliis, plus minus dense castaneo- vel subrabiginoso-pubescentibus ; foliis coriaceis, late oblongo- oblanceolatis, usque ad 29 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 22, pro- minentibus; cymis dense congestis, pedunculatis.
244
MERRILL.
An erect shrub. Branches terete, stout, very densely darlc-br own- pubescent. Leaves broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 23 to 29 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide, the apex acute or very obscurely acuminate, gradually nar- rowed from about the middle to the acute base, margins recurved, coria- ceous, reddish-brown when dry, glabrous and shining on the upper surface, beneath, especially on the midrib and lateral nerves, rather densely pubescent with short, dark-brown hairs; nerves about 22 on each side of the midrib, very prominent beneath, anastomosing very close to the margin, somewhat ascending, the primary reticulations subparallel ; petioles densely pubescent, stout, about 3 cm long. Cymes in the upper axils, densely dark-brown-pubescent, three or more on each branchlet, their peduncles stout, about as long as the petioles, the branches short, crowded, the primary ones not exceeding 1 cm in length, the flowers densely congested, the inflorescence 3 cm or less in diameter. Flowers 5-merous, their pedicels stout, 1 to 3 mm long, densely pubescent, the bracts few, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 5 mm long. Calyx pubes- cent, the tube 4-angled, 4-sulcate, the rim above the ovary somewhat spreading, 3.5 to 4 mm long, the lobes 5, rarely 6, lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Corolla unknown.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, near Pamplona, Bur. Sci. Ufik Ramos, March 17, 1909.
A species well characterized by its dark-brown pubescence, its congested cymes, and by its very prominently nerved, elongated leaves. It is quite different from all other Philippine forms known to me.
Psychotria ramosii sp. nov.
Arbuscula circiter 2 m alta, glabra, partibus junioribus inflorescen- tiisque molliter sublanato-pubescentibus exceptis; foliis membranaceis, oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-obovatis, in sicco nitidis, pallidis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12 ; cymis axillaribus, pedunculatis, paucifloris, plus minus dense pallide sublanato-pubescenti- bus.
A shrub about 2 m high. Branches terete, glabrous, smooth, dark- colored. Leaves membranaceous, oblong-elliptic 'to oblong-obovate, 10 to 12 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, pale and shining when dry, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base gradually narrowed, acute or acuminate; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, the midrib and lateral nerves with weak, scattered, crisped hairs ; petioles about 2 cm long ; stipules deciduous, broadly ovate, pubes- cent, about 5 mm long. Cymes in the upper axils, several from each branchlet, the peduncles slender, 2 to 3 cm long, all parts more or less densely covered with weak, soft, pale, somewhat woolly hairs. Flowers white, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx 4 to 5 mm long, densely pubescent, the lobes 5, ovate, acute or acuminate, 2 mm
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
245
'long. Corolla glabrous, the tube cylindric, 3 mm long, the lobes 5, more or less spreading, coriaceous, oblong-ovate, 3 mm long, acute or obtuse. Anthers about 1 mm long. Style and stigma together 2.5 mm long. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with a single ovule.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, near Pamplona, Bur. Sci. 77/9.9 Ramos, March 17, 1909.
A species differing from all Philippine forms known to me in its sublanate inflorescence.
RANDIA Linn.
Randia ticaensis sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 6 m alta, glabra ; ramulis teretibus, f oliis breviter petiol- atis, oblongis vel oblongo.-ovatis, chartaceis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, leviter cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 9; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel fasciculatis, calycis lobis sub fructu lanceolato-acuminatis, circiter 4 mm longis.
A glabrous tree about 6 m high. Branches terete, grayish, slender. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, chartaeeous, brown and only slightly shining when dry, 10 to 13 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, the apex acu- minate, the base somewhat narrowed and then abruptly rounded-sub- cordate; nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, distinct, somewhat ascending, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations faint, lax; petioles about 2 mm long; stipules setaceous or lanceolate-acuminate, 4 to 4.5 nlm long. Flowers unknown, but the fruits axillary, solitary or two in an axil, very shortly, pedicelled, black when dry, globose, about 11 mm in diameter (not quite mature), glabrous, the calyx-tube subpersistent, cylindric, slightly puberulent, 3 mm long, with five spreading, lanceolate- acuminate, 4 mm long, 3-nerved lobes, the tube ultimately deciduous.
Ticao, Linadlaran Point, For. Bur. 1251/7 Rosenbluth, December 24, 1908, on steep hillsides at an altitude of about 30 m, locally known as turutulang . Allied to R. cumingiana Vid., but quite distinct.
Randia stenophylia sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parvus, plus minus puberulus; foliis lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, usque ad 8 cm longis, 1.2 cm latis; cymis axillaribus, pedunculatis, vel floribus solitariis; floribus circiter 5 mm longis, 5-meris; fruetibus carnosis, glo- bosis vel ovoideis, circiter 1 cm diametro.
An erect shrub or small tree, the branches, leaves and inflorescence more or less grayish-puberulent. Branches slender, terete. Leaves lance- olate or narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 to 8 cm long, 0.5 to 1.2 cm wide, subcoriaceous, scarcely shining when dry, brown, ultimately glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, base acute, apex acuminate ; lateral nerves faint, about 13 on each side of the midrib, sometimes nearly obsolete; petioles puberulent, 1 to 2 mm long; stipules ovate, acuminate, puberu-
246
MERRILL.
lent, 2 to 3 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, or two on a more or* less elongated peduncle, the peduncle, when present, 12 mm long or less, puberulent, with 2, opposite, lanceolate-acuminate, puberulent, 3 mm long bracts at the apex, subtending two flowers. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx puberulent, the tube funnel-shaped, about 2 mm long, the lobes more or less spreading, 5, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 2.5 mm long. Corolla-tube 3 mm long, villous within, the lobes oblong, 3 to 3.5 mm long, acute or acuminate, recurved or spreading. Anthers 2.5 mm long, scarcely exserted. Style 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma cleft, 2.5 to 3 mm long, densely villous. Fruit red, soft and fleshy, apparently globose or ovoid -and about 1 cm in diameter, the seeds numerous, ovoid, about 3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Norzagaray, on rocky river banks, For. Bur. 1170 Curran, June 16, 1907.
A species well characterized by its very narrow leaves and small, axillary, solitary or paired flowers, which' may be sessile, or pedunculate; probably most closely allied to Randia angatensis F.-Vill., but quite different from that species.
TIMONIUS DC.
Timonius macrophyllus sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta, partibus junioribus, subtus foliis, ramulis inflorescentiisque plus minus fulvo-hirsuto-villosis ; foliis eoriaceis, ob- ovatis, usque ad 23 cm longis, apice rotijndatis, basi aeutis, nervis utrinque 8 yel 9, prominentibus ; inflorescentiis brevibus, dense pubescentibus, floribus 4-meris, secundis, spicatis; fructibus subovoideis, circiter 7 mm longis, leviter longitudinaliter 4-sulcatis, pyrenis 25 ad 30.
A tree about 10 m high. Branches light-gray, subterete, rather stout, apical portions more or less compressed and pubescent. Leaves obovate, 17 to 23 cm long, 12 to 14 cm wide, the apex rounded, the base acute, coriaceous, brown and shining when dry, glabrous on the upper surface, beneath sparingly hirsute-villous, especially on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves 8 or 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved- anastomosing, the primary reticulations curved, subparallel, prominent; petioles stout, about 1 cm long. Inflorescence in the upper axils, at most 7 cm long, consisting of two or three branches 2 to 3 cm in length or less, densely fulvous-villous, the branches bearing numerous, crowded, sessile flowers along one side. Flowers 4-merous, cylindric. Calyx 3 mm long, the rim produced about 1.5 mm above the ovary, truncate, densely fulvous-villous outside. Corolla (in bud) 3.5 mm long, the four lobes oblong, obtuse, 3 mm long. Anthers 4, alternating with the corolla- lobes, 3 mm long! Style 4-angled, cleft into four arms about 2 mm in length, each arm again minutely cleft at the apex. Ovary 4-celled, each cell with from 5 to 7, rarely more locelli. Fruit subovoid, about 7 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, slightly hairy, with four rounded angles and
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
247
somewhat longitudinally 4-suleate, 4-celled, each cell with from 5 to 7 or more pyrenes.
Samar, near Catbalogan, For. Bur. 12856 Rosenbluth, February 7, 1909, hillsides along streams at an altitude of about 200 m, locally known as canilan.
A species well characterized by its ample leaves, its secund spicate flowers and its pubescent younger parts, inflorescence, and leaves. In its foliage it is some- what suggestive of Timonius stipulosus Val., but is very distinct from that species.
UROPHYLLUM Wall.
Urophyllum elliptifolium sp. nov.
Arbuscula erecta circiter 3 m alt a,' partihns junioribus plus minus f nrfuraceis exceptis glabra ; f oliis ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, nitidis, basi acutis vel acnminatis, apice rotundatis vel breviter late acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prominentibus ; umbellis axillaribus, solitariis, breviter pedunculatis ; fructibus paucis, carnosis, ovoideis, circiter 7 mm longis.
An erect shrub about 3 m high. Branches brownish or grayish, terete, or the younger ones somewhat compressed, the tips of the branches, leaf- axils, stipules, and petioles of the younger leaves with few to many, thin, small, ultimately deciduous, appressed, pale scales. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, shining, rather pale when dry, 8 to 12 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, the base acute or somewhat acuminate, the apex rounded or shortly and broadly acuminate; primary nerves about 12, prominent beneath, spreading, curved, anastomosing, the alternating secondary ones also prominent, the reticulations distinct; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long; stipules oblong, rounded, 1.5 cm long, furfuraceous, deciduous. Blowers unknown. Bruit in solitary, axillary umbels, the peduncles about 8 mm long, with few small bracts at the apex, each peduncle bearing from three to five ovoid fruits about 7 mm long, 5 mm in diameter, glabrous, their pedicels about as long as the peduncles. Seeds very numerous, pale-brown, 0.5 mm long, densely and finely foveolate.
Palawan, Mount Pulgar, For. Bur. 3811 Curran, February, 1906, on forested slopes, altitude 700 to 1,300 m.
Possibly as closely allied to the Bornean Urophyllum subaneurum Stapf as to any other species, but quite distinct from that.
Urophyllum negrosense sp. nov.
Arbuscula erecta, ramulis foliis subtus ad nervos, stipulis bracteisque plus minus ciliato-hirsutis ; foliis, late oblongo-lanceolatis, submembrana- eeis, usque ad 18 cm longis, apice sensim subcaudato-aeuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 16; stipulis oblongis, membranaceis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis; floribus axillaribus, sessilibus, fasciculatis.
An erect shrub ( fide Everett) . Branches terete, brownish, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, submembranaceous, 15 to
95948— —6
248
MERRILL.
18 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, the apex gradually narrowed to the slender, subcaudate acumen, the base acute, rather pale when dry, shining on both surfaces, glabrous on the upper surface, beneath with numerous, pale, spreading or somewhat appressed ciliate hairs on the midrib and nerves, otherwise glabrous ; nerves about 16 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing near the margin, the primary reticula- tions distinct, subparallel; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, glabrous or slightly ciliate; stipules membranaceous, oblong, subpersistent, 2 to 2.5 cm long, rather densely ciliate on the back. Flowers few, axillary, fascicled, apparently sessile. Fruit fleshy, ovoid, about 1.3 cm long, somewhat villous, crowned by the ovate, obtuse calyx-lobes which are more or less villous and 5 to 6 mm long.
Negros, Himugaan River, in ravines at an altitude of about 50 m, For. Bur. 5550 Everett (type), October 25, 1906, the fruit green when collected; said to be abundant locally; Faraon, For. Bur. 13574 Meyer & Foxworthy, August, 1909.
A species probably closely allied to Urophyllum streptopodium Wall., but with quite different leaves and much larger persistent calyx-lobes.
VILLARI A Rolfe.
Villaria acutifolia (Elmer) comb. nov.
Gardenia acutifolia Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 6.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 437 (type) ; Padada, Williams 2975.
The original description of this species was based on two specimens, the first one cited being Copeland 437, which I assume to be the type of the species. The second specimen cited, Ahern 457, “457, Forestry Bureau, collected by J. F. Qua- dras,” from Dinagat Island, is also a Villaria, and is probably referable to V. philippinensis Rolfe. The original description must be emended as follows : Leaves chartaceous, apex acuminate, base rounded or acute. Flowers mostly solitary, axillary, rarely in short, 3-flowered, cymes, the inflorescence and calyx puberulent (not glabrous), the peduncles in fruit not exceeding 2 cm in length, each subtended by two lanceolate, acuminate, puberulent bracts, no bracts or bracteoles above the base. Calyx puberulent, up to 1.5 cm long, sometimes 4-merous. The flowers were apparently described from immature buds, but the dissected material was not preserved, and there are no buds or open flowers left on the type sheet. Open flowers on Mr. Williams’ specimen are white, the corolla tube cylindric, 4 mm long, the lobes 4 or 5, elliptic, rounded, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the throat pubescent. Anthers 4 mm long, inserted on the throat, not exserted; style 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, felted-pubescent. The description of the fruit must be excluded as it was based on Ahern 457, and refers to Villaria philippinensis.
The species is well characterized by its usually solitary flowers, the pedicels bibracteate at the base, the inflorescence more or less puberulent, and especially by the calyx-lobes exceeding the corolla in length.
The form described by Mr. Elmer, 1. c., as Gardenia elliptica is exactly the same as Villaria littoralis Vidal.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
249
GOQDENOVIACE2E.
SCAEVOLA Linn.
Scaevola acuminatissima sp. nov. § Enantiophyllum.
Scandens, glabra, vel inflorescentiis plus minus pubescentibus ; foliis oppositis, ovato-lanceolatis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, membranaceis, nitidis, leviter distanter denticulatis, basi acutis, apice longissime caudato- acuminatis, usque ad 11 cm longis; pedunculis axillaribus, brevibus, saepe trifloris; floxibus aurantiaeis, 5-meris, circiter 2.5 cm longis.
A seandent herbaceous vine, nearly glabrous throughout, the stems brownish, slightly striate, up to 3.5 mm in diameter, the branches and leaves opposite. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, shining, entirely glabrous, 6 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, the base acute, the apex gradually narrowed into a long, slender, straight or somewhat falcate, caudate acumen, the margins entire or distantly and slightly denticulate; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 5 mm long or less. Peduncles ax-illary, solitary, 5 to 10 mm long, more or less appressed-pubescent, the axils of the stems at the insertion of the pedun- cles also usually pubescent, each peduncle bearing 3, rarely 5 flowers, the pedicels 5 mm long or less, the bracts at the apex of the peduncles narrow, up to 4 mm in length. Flowers yellow. Calyx-tube oblong, glabrous or nearly so, in anthesis 2 to 3 mm long, the lobes 5, lanceolate, acuminate, about 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide. Corolla 2 to 2.2 cm long, nearly glabrous outside or with very few, scattered, appressed hairs, villous within, the lobes 5, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 9 mm long, 1.8 to 2 mm wide, 3-nerved, the corolla-tube 15-nerved. Filaments slender, glabrous, 8 to 9 mm long ; anthers about 2 mm in length. Style glabrous, 13 mm long, the stigma flattened, 2 to 2.5 mm wide, slightly horned at the upper corners, surrounded by a cup 2 to 2.5 mm in diameter which is densely ciliate on the margins. Fruits oblong-ellipsoid, about 9 mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter, somewhat longitudinally sulcate, black when dry, glabrous.
Mindoro, Arunay River, For. Bur. 12125 (type), 12133 Merritt, May 8, 1908, in forests at an altitude of about 600 m.
A species allied to tlie Philippine Scaevola dajoensis Merr., of Jolo, S. mina- hassae Koord., of Mindanao and Celebes, S. similis Hemsl., of Celebes, S. novo- guineensis K. Sehum., of New Guinea, S. oppositifolia Roxb., of Ternate, and S. amboinensis Miq., of Amboina. Specimens sent to Kew for comparison were reported as “nearest S. novo-guineensis, differing from it in having larger flowers and an almost glabrous corolla.” Among the Philippine species it is manifestly allied to S. dajoensis Merr., but differs in its much larger flowers.
250
MERRILL.
Scaevola mindorensis sp. nov. § Enantiophyllum.
Species praecedenti valde affinis, differt foliis pro rata latioribus, mar- gine distincte simiato-dentatis, subtus plus minus, pubescentibus, ramulis leviter pilosis, inflorescentiis floribusque dense pubescentibus.
A scandent herbaceous vine similar to Scaevola acuminatissima, differ- ing in the points above indicated. Branches brown or grayish, striate, pilose, the younger ones rather densely so. Leaves ovate-oblong, mem- branaceous, 5 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base acute, apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, margins distinctly sinuate-dentate, the lower sur- face with numerous, short, scattered, spreading hairs, the upper surface glabrous or with very few hairs. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 to 2 cm long, densely pubescent, each usually bearing three flowers, and also two much reduced leaves at the apex, the pedicels about 5 mm in length, the bracteoles 1.5 mm long. Flowers yellow, 5-merous. Calyx-tube 4 mm long, rather densely pubescent, the lobes 5, lanceolate, about 5 mm long, 1.2 to 1.4 mm wide, acuminate. Corolla outside rather strongly pubes- cent, villous within, 2.2 cm long, the lobes 8 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide, 3-nerved, the tube 15-nerved. Filamants glabrous. Style glabrous, 13 mm long, the cup surrounding the stigma not only densely ciliate on the margins, but also with numerous long white cilia on the outside.
Mindoro, Mount Sablayan, For. Bur. 9756 Merritt, March 2, 1908, on the exposed cleared summit at an altitude of about 1,000 m.
Specimens sent to Kew for comparison were reported as “nearest 8. similis Hemsl., but with longer peduncles.” It differs also from that species, as described, in its 5-merous, not 4-merous, much larger flowers and its different calyx-teeth.
Scaevola sericea Forst. Prodr. (1786) 89; Presl Eel. Haenk. 2 (1830) 57; DC. Prodr. 7 (1839) 506.
Luzon, Haenke in Herb. Mus. Konigr. Bohmen, Prague : Province of Ilocos .Sur, Salomague, Merrill 339.
This species is apparently much less common in the Philippines than is 8. koenigii Vahl, and is to me sufficiently distinct from VahlV species to warrant being given specific rank, although recent authors have treated it as a synonym of 8. koenigii Vahl. It differs from S. koenigii in being pubescent throughout, the inflorescence very densely so. I have what is apparently the same form from Java, and from the Caroline Islands, Yap, Volkens 133, distributed as 8. koenigii Vahl.
Scaevola micrantha Presl Rel. Haenk. 2 (1830) 59; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 582; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 121.
Luzon, Province of Albay, on barren rocky hills, altitude about 120 m, near Calanaga, Batan Island, Bur. Sci. 6289 Robinson, August 23, 1908. I have also examined the type in the herbarium of the Museum des Konigreichs Bohmen, Prague, and find it to be quite the same as the specimen collected by Doctor Robinson. Haenke’s specimen probably came from what is now the Province of Albay, or from Sorsogon.
The species is a very distinct one, as indicated by Presl. It is, perhaps, most closely allied to 8. plumieri Vahl, but its flowers are less than 1 cm in length.
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
251
Scaevola pedunculata sp. nov.
Species S. micranthae afffnis, sed differt ramnlis foliis inflorescentiisque glabris, axillis barbatis exeeptis, foliis longioribus, cymis longe peduncu- latis, floribus paulo longioribus.
A shrub 2 to 4 rn high, erect, nearly glabrous, axils excepted. Branches terete, smooth, olivaceous, glabrous, the axils of the leaves and pedun- cles densely bearded with long white hairs. Leaves distant, . scat- tered, chartaceous or submembranaceous, narrowly oblong-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, 6 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, the apex broad, rounded or very slightly and obscurely acuminate, gradually narrowed from the upper third to the base, the petiolar part about 1 cm long ; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, indistinct. Cymes axillary, solitary, as long as the leaves, glabrous except the densely bearded axils of the branches and bracts, the peduncles about 5 cm long, each bearing at its apex two linear-lance- olate to subspatulate 1 to 1.5 cm long bracts, and four primary branches about 1.5 cm long, the branches in turn bracteate at their apices and bearing usually four shorter branchlets, the ultimate ones bearing usually three flowers, a central sessile one, and two lateral pedicellate ones, the bracteoles about 5 mm long. Flowers white. Calyx 2.5 mm long, gla- brous, the five teeth broadly ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Corolla 1 cm long, slightly curved, somewhat pubescent outside but not densely so, pilose inside, the lobes about 4 mm long, with broad, thin, infolded margins. Style slightly silky, the indusium surrounding the stigma densely eiliate. Drupe glabrous, obscurely costate, about 3 mm long.
Palawan, on rocky river banks, altitude about 175 m. Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 7JfJf Foxworthy, March 25, 1906.
A species manifestly allied to S. micrantha Presl, but apparently sufficiently distinct, recognizable by its somewhat larger leaves, long peduncled cymes, the axils of the peduncles, leaves, hracts and bracteoles densely bearded with long white hairs, the plant otherwise glabrous or nearly so.
Scaevola pedunculata var. mollis var. nov.
A typo differt omnibus partibus dense breviter pubescentibus.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, altitude about 1,000 m, Bur. Sci. 7 00 Foxworthy, March 23, 1906.
The specimen on which the above variety is based in all essential characters is the same as the type, differing in being softly and rather densely pubescent throughout with short grayish hairs. The flowers appear to be quite the same as in the species, but the fruits are slightly pubescent. Additional material may show this form to be worthy of specific rank, but it is considered best for the present to consider it as a variety only. It is apparently more closely allied to S. micrantha Presl than is the species, but differs from Presl’s species in all the characters indicated for S', pedunculata except in its pubescence, and in this it is very decidedly more pubescent than is S. micrantha Presl. Logically, if Scaevola sericea Forst. is to be considered specifically distinct from S. lcoenigii
252
MERRILL.
Vahl, then perhaps the present variety should be given specific rank. However, the material on which the species and the , variety are based, came from the same region, although at different altitudes, and was collected on the same date, and the pubescence of the latter may be a character largely due to altitude.
COMPOSITE.
VERNON I A Schreb.
Vernonia elmeri sp. nov.
Gynura angulosa Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 146, excl. syn., non DC.
Herba seandens, usque ad 3 m alta, foliis subtus, ramulis, inflorescen- tiisque leviter pubescentibus ; foliis alternis, petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis vel laneeolato-ovatis, valde acuminatis, . margine distanter dentieulatis ; in- florescentiis terminalibus, corjmiboso-paniculatis, capitulis pedunculatis, circiter 1 cm longis ; floribus purpureis.
A scandent herbaceous plant reaching a height of at least 3 m. Stems and branches terete, striate, appressed-pubescent with grayish hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate to lanceolate-ovate, or the upper ones nearly lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm long, 1 to 3 cm wide, the upper ones often smaller, chartaceous or submembranaceous, gradually narrowed into the sharply acuminate apex, the base acute or broad and rounded, the mar- gins with distant, small teeth, somewhat pubescent with scattered hairs on both surfaces, or nearly glabrous above, glandular-punctate beneath; petioles 3 to 4 mm long, pubescent. Panicles terminal, corymbose, slightly pubescent. Heads comparatively few, about 1 cm long. Involu- cral bracts 5- or 6-seriate, the outer ones gradually smaller, and the outer- most almost linear, 1 to 1.5 mm long, all pubescent, the innermost ones about 5 mm long, 1 to 1.3 mm wide, apiculate-acuminate, slightly keeled. Disk at first paleaceous with short scales, ultimately quite glabrous. Flowers all hermaphrodite, homogamous, tubular, purple. Achenes about 1 mm long, slightly pubescent, obscurely ribbed; pappus white, copious, about 6 mm long, with a few very short hairs in the outer series. Corolla about 9 mm long, cleft at the apex into 5, oblong-lanceolate, about 3 mm long lobes; style exserted, the arms 2 mm long; anthers 2.5 mm long, apex blunt or acute, hyaline, base shortly cleft.
Palawan, Separation Point, Merrill 793, February, 1903; San Antonio Bay, Merrill 5256, October, 1906; Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 703 Foxworthy, March, 1905. Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bur. Sci. 8196 Ramos, May, 1909, Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 915, January, 1907.
This species is apparently closely allied to Vernonia cmerea (L.) Less., but is at once distinguishable by its much larger size, scandent habit, and larger leaves and heads. In floral structure it is exceedingly similar to that species. It was referred by Mr. Elmer to Gynura angulosa DC., but does not remotely resemble that species, and is, moreover, not a member of the Seneoioneae. The structure of the involucre at once distinguishes it from Gynura and allied genera. More ma- terial is necessary to dispose of Gynura scurmentosa Elm., 1. c. (non DC.! ), as the specimen referred to it by that author, Copeland 1258, is very similar to some
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII. 253
forms of the species above described, and is certainly cogeneric, if not eospecific with it; the specimen is, however, young, and additional material may show more marked points of differentiation.
Vernonia acrophila sp. nov. § Strobocalyx.
Arbor parva, circiter 5 m alta, subglabra; foliis coriaceis, oblongo- ovatis, acuminatis, circiter 3.5 cm longis ; corymbis terminalibus, plus minus congestis, capitnlis 3- vel 4-floris, squamis imbricatis, plus minus puberulis, margine obscure ciliatis; achenio 2 mm longo, glanduloso.
A small tree about 5 m high, the trunk 15 cm in diameter, subglabrous. Branches short, stiff, the ultimate ones more or less crowded, black or grayish, lenticellate, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves oblong-ovate, coria- ceous, about 3.5 cm long/1.2 to 1.5 cm wide, the apex shortly acuminate, acumen blunt, base acute or acuminate, the margins somewhat reflexed, glabrous, dark-colored when dry ; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, distant, anastomosing, distinct beneath ; petioles slender, 4 to 6 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, somewhat congested, subglabrous. Involucral bracts several-seriate, the outer ones ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long or less, the inner ones gradually longer, the innermost oblong, 2.5 to 3 mm long and deciduous, all slightly puberulent or nearly glabrous, the margins ob- scurely ciliate. Achenes 3 or 4 in each involucre, 2 mm long, irregularly and obscurely angled, and with numerous, scattered, waxy glands ; pappus- hairs stiff, scabrid, about 24, 4 mm long, with a number of shorter sup- plementary ones intermixed, these 1 mm long or less.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8057 Curran & Merritt, October 13, 1907, in tbe elfinwood, exposed peaks, above an altitude of 2,000 m.
As Vernonia arborea Ham. is interpreted by Hooker f., perhaps the present form would be included, possibly as a variety or as a reduced form. It differs so strongly in its, very much reduced leaves and in being nearly glabrous throughout, that it has been considered to be worthy of specific rank.
Vernonia Iancifolia sp. nov. § Strobocalyx.
Vernonia arborea Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 138, non Ham.
Arbor subglabra 4 ad 5 m alta; foliis lanceolatis, valde acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, 2.5 cm latis, coriaceis vel- subeoriaceis, glabris, subtus glandulosis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 12, distinctis; squamis puber- ulis; achenio 2 ad 2.4 mm longo.
A tree 4 to 5 m high, nearly glabrous throughout. Branches grayish to nearly black, terete, glabrous, the ultimate branchlets sometimes pubes- cent. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, glabrous, somewhat shining above when dry, the apex sharply subcaudate- acuminate, the base acute or acuminate, the lower surface with numerous, minute, yellow, shining, waxy glands; nerves 9. to 12 on each side of the midrib, beneath distinct, anastomosing, the. reticulations rather lax ; peti- oles slender, 3 to 10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, 6 to 12' cm in diameter, glabrous or nearly so, or the branchlets somewhat pubescent.
254
MERRILL:
Outer involucral scales suborbicular, less than 1 mm long, pubescent, the inner ones gradually longer, the innermost less pubescent, deciduous, 2 to 2.5 mm long, obtuse. Achenes 3 or 4 in each involucre, when mature nearly terete, when young more distinctly angled, 2 to 2.4 mm long, sometimes distinctly waxy-glandular, at other times with very few, scattered, short hairs; pappus bristles stiff, about 30, 4 to 4.5 mm long, with numerous shorter ones less than 1 mm long intermixed.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3200, Williams Jj.20 (type), Elmer 6695, Whitford s. n., summit of the mountain, altitude about 1,400 m: Province of Tayabas, Mount Malaraya, For. Bur. 7841, 7844 Curran & Merritt, November, 1907, altitude about 1,000 m.
A species like the preceding allied to Vernonia arborea Ham., differing in being nearly glabrous and especially in its much narrower, smaller, lanceolate leaves which are glandular beneath. It is manifestly allied to the preceding species but has very much larger leaves.
BLUMEA DC.
Blumea confertiflora sp. nov.
Herba erecta, robusta, circiter 1 m alta; foliis sessilibus, basi angus- tatis, plus minus decurrentibus, oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, subcoriaceis, breviter acuminatis, margine irreg- ulariter sinuato-denticulatis ; capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro, in ramulis ultimis densissime eongestis, sessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis.
An erect, robust herb about 1 m high. Stems stout, dark-brown or purplish, longitudinally striate, more or less pubescent, apparently un- branched, except the inflorescence. Leaves sessile, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, the apex shortly acuminate, the base gradually narrowed, the margins irregularly sinuate-denticulate with small teeth, not at all lobed, 6 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, slightly shining when dry, somewhat pubescent with short hairs on both surfaces, paler beneath; nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib; leaf- bases sometimes decurrent along the stem for 2 to 3 cm. Panicle-branches rather few, the lower ones up to 40 cm long and subtended by leaves, ascending, the secondary ones very short, mostly less than 1 cm long, pubescent, each bearing numerous, densely disposed heads which are ses- sile or shortly p'eduncled. Heads 8 to 9 mm long, about 1 cm in diameter. Involucral bracts many-seriate, the outer ones oblong-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, about 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, pubescent, the inner ones gradually longer, the innermost about 6 mm long, 0.5 to 1 mm wide, slightly hairy, acuminate, the margins toward the apex more or less ciliate. Flowers yellow, heterogamous, the outer ones indefinite (more than 100), pistillate; achenes 1 to 1.2 mm long, somewhat angled, slightly hairy; pappus hairs about 20, white, slender, scabrid, 5 mm long; corolla cylindric, slendef, 5 mm long, minutely 3-toothed; style-arms slender, exserted, less than 1 mm long. Disk-flowers perfect, about 14 in each
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
255
head; corolla 5 mm long, enlarged above, the teeth 5, ovate, acute or obtuse, less than 0.5 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, the tails very slender, less than 0.55 mm in length; style-arms stout, blunt, 0.5 mm long. Disk pitted, glabrous or with very few, short, scattered hairs.
Mindoro, For. Bur. 11021 Merritt, March, 1908 (type), the specimen from the southwestern part of the island; also For. Bur. 11016 Merritt from Mount Sablayan, exposed summit of the mountain at edge of the forest, altitude about 970 m, March 2, 1908.
A species characterized by its comparatively large heads which are glomerate on the ultimate panicle-branches. Among the Philippine species it is probably most closely allied to Blumea mindanaensis Merr.
Blumea longipes sp. nov.
Herba erecta ramosa, usque ad 80 cm alta; foliis oblongo-obovatis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, submembranaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, petiolatis, acutis vel rotundatis, basi sensim angustatis, plus minus repando-dentatis, vix lobatis; paniculis diffusis, ramis ramulisque glandulosis, pedunculis solitariis, gracilibus, usque ad 2.5 cm longis; capitulis 0.8 cm longis.
An erect, much branched, aromatic herb about 80 cm in height. Stems stout, brownish or purplish, slightly striate, more or less puberulent, ultimately nearly glabrous, 5 mm in diameter or less. Leaves oblong- obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, submembranaeeous, the apex rounded or acute, the base gradually narrowed, the margins somewhat repand-dentate but not lobed, those of the stem 1 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, those of the branches often much smaller and usually more pubescent. Pani- cles rather diffuse, the branches and branchlets slender, mostly densely glandular and often also somewhat pubescent, the peduncles solitary, 0.5 to 2.5 cm long, slender, glandular. Heads 7 to 8 mm long, about 1 cm in diameter. Involucral bracts many-seriate, the outer ones about 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the inner gradually longer, the innermost 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, the outer ones usually prominently glandular, the innermost ones ciliate above and slightly glandular in the median por- tion. Flowers yellow, heterogamous, the outer ones pistillate, indefi- nite, many-seriate; achenes minute, 1 mm long, slightly angled, very obscurely pubescent with few, short, scattered hairs ; pappus hairs slender, white, minutely scabrid, 3 mm long; corolla slender, cylindric, 4 mm long, very obscurely 3-toothed ; style exserted, the arms filiform, less than 1 mm long. Disk-flowers perfect, about 14; achene like that of the pistillate flowers but stouter; corolla enlarged above, 5-toothed, the teeth 0.5 mm. long, acute, slightly glandular; stamens 2 mm long, the tails minute, less than -0.5 mm long; style-arms about 0.8 mm long, slender. Disk glabrous, pitted.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 893 (type), January. 1907 ; also unnumbered specimens collected in May and June.
A species growing in the open grass lands about Lake Lanao, characterized by its very glandular inflorescence and by its long-peduncled heads.
256
MERRILL.
Blumea mindanaensis sp. nov.
Herba erecta vix vel parce ramosa, stricta, usque ad 1 m alta; foliis sessilibus, oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis, subcoriaceis, scabridis, plus minus pubescentibus, margine irregulariter denticulatis ; capitulis in ramuis plus minus congestis, circiter 1.7 cm diametro.
An erect stout herb about 1 m high, slightly or not at all branched, except the inflorescence. Stems stout, brown or purplish, striate, more or less pubescent, 5 to 7 mm in diameter. Leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-obovate, 6 to 12 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, subcoriaceous, some- what shining when dry, scabrid, the upper surface often supplied with numerous, small, white dots, beneath somewhat pubescent, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, the base acute, the margins distantly and irreg- ularly dfenticulate, not at all lobed or sinuate. Panicles about 40 cm long, the lower branches sometimes 15 cm in length, often much smaller, all parts rather densely brown-pubescent. Heads somewhat crowded, shortly peduncled, 10 to 12 mm long, 15 to 18 mm in diameter, the involucral bracts often purplish. Bracts several-seriate, the outer ones ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm long, rather strongly pubescent, the inner gradually larger, the innermost 8 mm long, 1 mm wide, ciliate on the margins toward the apex. Flowers yellow, heterogamous, the outer ones indefinite (more than 100), pistillate; achenes slender, 1 mm long, glabrous or with very few scattered hairs; pappus-hairs about 20, white, slender, minutely scabrid, 6 mm long; corolla cylindric, slender, 7 mm long, obscurely 3-toothed,; style-arms exserted, slender, 1 mm long. Disk- flowers perfect, about 11 ; achenes like those of the pistillate flowers but stouter ; corolla 6 mm long, enlarged above, 5-toothed, the teeth oblong- ovate, acute, 0.5 mm long; stamens 2 mm long, minutely tailed at the base; style slightly exserted, the arms 0.5 mm long, slender. Disk glab- rous or with very few, short, scattered hairs, pitted.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 7 36 (type), November,
1906, and also unnumbered specimens collected in March, 1907, and in September,
1907.
A species well characterized by its comparatively large heads which are densely disposed, its erect, strict habit, and sessile, scabrid leaves. It is probably allied to Blumea chinensis Less., and among the Philippine species most closely allied to B. incisa (Elm.) Merr., differing from the latter notably in its leaf characters.
Blumea ramosii sp. nov.
Species B. sericanti Hook. f. affinis, sed differt foliis multo majoribus, usque ad 16 cm longis, late oblongo-oblanceolatis, capitulis pedunculatis.
An erect, unbranched, suffrutescent plant at least- 80 cm high, the stem stout, terete, pubescent, mostly covered with the persistent, densely arranged, petiole-bases, this part of the stem about 20 cm long, the leaves crowded above this naked portion, subtending the inflorescence. Leaves subcoriaceous, sessile, crowded, broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 11 to 16 cm
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIII.
257
long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, the apex acute, the base gradually narrowed, slightly clasping, the margins rather finely denticulate, the upper surface with numerous, somewhat stiff hairs more or less thickened at the base, the lower surface very densely covered with long, grayish, silky hairs; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib. Panicles terminal, about 40 cm long, the lower branches 10 cm long or more, often subtended by reduced leaves, the rachis and branches pilose. Heads somewhat racem- osely arranged, 9 to 10 mm long, about 12 mm in diameter, their peduncles 3 to 10 mm long. Involucral bracts many-seriate, the outer ones ovate to oblong, acuminate, 1 to 2 mm long, the inner gradually longer, the innermost ones linear-oblong, 6 to 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, the interme- diate ones somewhat wider, all somewhat pubescent on the back, more or less 1-nerved, the margins, especially above, more or less ciliate. Eeceptacle glabrous, somewhat pitted. Flowers heterogamous, the outer ones pistillate, many-seriate, about 40 in each head, yellow, the achenes slender oblong, pubescent, obscurely angled, 1 to 1.2 mm long; pappus- hairs about 30, white, slender, seabrid, 4.5 mm long; corolla-tube slender, cylindric, 4 mm long, obscurely 3-toothed; style-arms exserted, slender, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Disk-flowers perfect, about 11 in each head; achenes like those of the pistillate flowers but stouter; corolla 5.5 mm long, enlarged above, 5-toothed, the teeth ovate, acute, nearly 1 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, apex appendiculate, base with two minute, slender, 0.5 mm long tails; style exserted, the arms 0.5 mm long, stout, truncate.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5089 Ramos, Decem- ber 14, 1907.
A species apparently closely allied to Blumea sericans Hook, f., and to B. hieracifolia DC., but so far as I can determine from the material and descrip- tions available here, distinct from both. It is characterized by its minutely toothed and very densely silky leaves, suffrutescent stems, the lower portion leafless and more or less covered with persistent petiole-bases. In many respects it appears to agree with Inula § Gappa as closely as with Blumea, and may eventually have to be referred to the former genus. The characters by which Inula § Gappa is separated from Blumea do not appear to me to be well defined.
INDEX TO PHILIPPINE BOTANICAL LITERATURE, VI.
By E. D. Merrill.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory , Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.)
Baker, J. G. Handbook of the Amaryllidaceae including the Alstroemerieae and Agaveae (1888) XII+216.
Sixty-one genera are recognized, and all the species known to the author are described. Very few species are definitely credited to the Philippines, but several of those considered are found in the Archipelago, especially as introduced and cultivated plants. Indigenous and endemic species are very few in the Philippines. Two endemic species of Orinum are admitted, G. cumingii Baker and G. gracile E. Meyer; I have seen the types of both and consider them referable to a single species. Eurycles sylvestris Salisb. is the only other species definitely credited to the Philippines.
Bargagli-Petrucci, G. Le specie de Pisonia della Regione dei Monsoni. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. N. S. 8 (1901) App. 603-625, t. J,.
Twenty-one species are recognized, of which two are definitely recorded from the Philippines, Pisonia excelsa Bl., and P. aculeata Linn. Several additional species have been found' in the Archipelago, P. longirostris T. & B., P. alba Span, (cult.), and apparently some undescribed forms.
Beccari, 0. New or Little-known Philippine Palms. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 639-650. (Article 36.)
Seven species are enumerated including the following described as new: Areca ipot, Pinanga negrosensis, P. rigida, Heterospathe elmeri, and Calamus elmerianus.
Beccari, 0. Asiatic Palms - Lepidocaryeae, Part 1. The species of Calamus. Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 11 (1908) 1-578; plates 231, (folio).
A consideration of all the species of the genus known to the author, in which the following 17 Philippine representatives are described and figured: Galamus mollis Blanco, G. meyenianus Schauer, G. blancoi Kunth, C. cumin- gianus Becc., G. ornatus Bl. var. philippinensis Becc., G. merrillii Becc. n. sp.,
G. moseleyanus Becc., G. spinifolius Becc., C. trispermus Becc., O. manillensis
H. Wendl., G. micro sphaerion Becc., G. ramulosus Becc., G. vidalianus Becc., G. siphonospathus Mart, with the varieties farinosus, sublaevis, oligolepis (minor), oligolepis (major), and polylepis Becc., G. microcarpus Becc., G. dimorphacanthus Becc., 'and G. discolor Mart. Sixteen of the seventeen Philippine species are endemic, and the seventeenth (G. ornatus Bl.), Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, is represented in the Philippines by an endemic variety.
259
260
MERRILL.
Brotherus, V. F. Musci Novi Philippinenses I. LeafL. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 651-658. (Article 37.)
The following species are described as new: Gampylopus calodictyon, Fissidens elmeri, Syrrhopodon macro-tristichus, Webera integerrima, W. elmeri, Symphysodontella subulata, Symphysodon subneckeroides, Disticho- phyllum elmeri, Hypopterygium deUcatulum, Gyathophorum philippinense, and Pleuropus luzonensis.
Castracane degli Antelminelli, F. Report on the Diatomaceae collected by H. M. S'. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rept. Yoy. H. M. S. Challenger, Botany 2 (1886) III+178, pis. 1-30.
The following are described from Philippine waters as new: Amphora decora, A. philippinica, Pinnularia raeana, Navicula mammalis, N. decipiens, N. mirabiUs, Glyphodesmis murrayana, G. challenger ensis, G. margaritacea, Synedra capitulata, S3, 'philippinarum, 8. fimbriatum, Cyclophora tenuis, Su- rirella dives, S. multicostata, Gampylodiscus sebuanus, G. lepidus, C. humilis, G. philippinarum, C. nitens, O. anceps, Nitzschia plana var. sebuana, N. obesa, N. vermiculata, Stephanophyxis kittoniana, Lauderia pumila, Rutilaria tullcii, R. edentulata, Biddulphia reticulata var. inermis, B. pellucida, Trice- ratium pulvillus, T. coronatum, T. grunowianum, T. insutum, Stictodiscus radiatus, 8. radfordianus, S. affinis, 8. reticulatus, 8. margaritaceus, Ompha- lopelta shrubsoliana, Goscinodiscus variolatus, G. decrescens, and G. ? rudis. A few additional species previously described by various authors are credited to the Philippines.
Christ, H. Some New Species of Malesian and Philippine Ferns. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39 (1909) 213-215.
Five species are described, of which two, Alsophila matthewii Christ, and Trichomanes subtrifidum Matthews & Christ are from Mount' Maquiling, Luzon.
Copeland, E. B. Pteridophytes of the Horn of Negros. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 387-426. (Article 19.)
One hundred and eighty species and varieties are enumerated from the Cuernos Mountains, southern Negros, the following being described as new: Polystichum horizontale Presl, var. sordidum, Lomagramma pteroides J. Sm., var. subcoriacea and var. negrosensis, Dennstaedtia articulata, Lindsaya monosora, Plagiogyria tuberculata Copel. var. gracilis, Loxogramme dimorpha, Polypodium negrosense, Gyathea heterochlamydea, G. fructuosa, and Alsophila elmeri. Numerous notes on distribution, habitats, and synonymy are given, as well as a key to the Philippine species of Elaphoglossum.
BeCandolle, Aug. Revision of the Philippine Species of Elaeocarpus) Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 634-638. (Article 35.)
Sixteen species are recognized with an analytical key, with four additional doubtful ones. E. verruculosus, E. procerus, and E. elmeri are described as new, and E. fissistipula Miq., is credited to the Philippines for the first time. E. venosus C. B. Rob. (1908) was overlooked, and several additional species have since been described.
Desvaux, A. N. Observations sur la famille des L6gumineuses. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9 (1826) 404-431.
Teplirosia dichotoma is described as new from the Philippines; from the description it is the same as the species later described by Vogel as T. luzoniensis.
Dubard, M. Note sur les Palaquium des Philippines. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 15 (1909) 379-384.
Eighteen species of Palaquium are enumerated of which P. vidalii Pierre and P. merrillii Dubard are described as new, and P. obovatum ( Griff. )
INDEX TO PHILIPPINE BOTANICAL LITERATURE, VI.
261
Engl., is credited with doubt to the Archipelago. Critical notes are given on the other species enumerated.
Elmer, A. D. E. Some Interesting Lauraceae. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 375-384. (Article 17.) .
This is the first paper of the second volume of the “Leaflets of Philippine Botany,” but the sequence of both articles and pagination is continuous from volume 1. The present paper contains the descriptions of the following new species : Actinodaphne microphylla, Endiandra an'borea, Litsea plateaefolia,
L. quercoides, L. membranacea, L. tayabensis, L. griseola ( =L. garciae Vid. ), Neolitsea intermedia, and Per sea leytensis; Maehilus phibippinensis Merr. is transferred to Persea.
Elmer, A. D. E. Six Undescribed Species of Macaranga. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 427-434. (Article 20.)
The following Philippine species are described: Macaranga caudatifolia,
M. cuneata, M. cuernosensis, M. sylvatica, M. loheri ( — M. cumingii Muell.- Arg. ) , and M. ramiflora.
Elmer, A. D. E. Six New Myrsinaeeae. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 439-444. (Article 22.)
The following Philippine species are described: Ardisia punctata, A. mezii, Discocalyx linearifolia, D. psychotrioides, D. montana, and Maesa embelioides .
Elmer, A. D. E. Synopsis of Rubus. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 445-462.
(Article 23.)
The paper applies only to the Philippine species, of which 17 are recog- nized, the following being described as new: Rubus mearnsii, R. brevipetalus, R. sambalensis, and R. fraxi/nifolius Poir., var. haightii. The species con- sidered as R. rugosus Sm., is not Smith’s species but the recently described
R. elmeri Focke. Descriptions of all the species considered are given, with
an analytical key.
Elmer, A. D. E. Three Score of New Plants. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908)
463-525. (Article 24.)
This paper consists of the descriptions of the following species: Isachne stricta, Geltis rubrovema, Elatostema laxum, E. hastatum, E. delicatum, E. spinulosum, Loranthus cuernosensis, L. bicoloratus, Notothixos philip- pinensis, Qoniotlialamus m agniflcus, Hydrangea glandulosa, Pygeurn fragrans, Melicope odorata ( —M . luzonensis Engl.), Zanthoxylum diabolicum, Evodia pergamentacea, Micromelum curranii, Eurycoma dubia, Ganarium nervosum, Dichapetalum glabrum, D. obovatum, Elateriospermum paucinervium, Sapium crassifolium, Glaoxylon arboreum, Antidesma microcarpum, Trachelospermum philippinense, Glycosmis angularis, Turpinia ovali folia, TJrandra fuliginea, Meliosma sylvatica, Gissus suberosa, Leea negrosensis, Halconia negrosensis, Sterculia multistipularis, Saurauia avellana, 8. negrosensis, Gordonia wel- bornii, Eurya auriculata {=E. amplexicaulis Moore), Garcinia pinnatinervia, Calophyllum hibbardii, Viola toppingii, Boerlagiodendron serratifolium, Dios- pyros reticulata ( —D. curranii Merr.), D. brideliaefolia, Symplocos fragrans, 8. curtiflora, 8. angularis, Jasminum ixoroides ( —J. bifarium Wall.), Anodendron corymbosum, Gallicarpa sub glandulosa, Clerodendron klemmei, G. preslii, Scutellaria marivelensis, Hypoestes linearis, Tricalysia negrosensis, Lasianthus humilis, Psychotria negrosensis, P. cuernosensis, P. microphylla, Ophiorrhiza caespitulosa, and Hedyotis leucocarpa.
Elmer, A. D. E. The Genus Itea. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 527-529. (Arti- cle 25.)
A discussion of the Philippine species only, two being considered and described as new, Itea maesaefolia, and I. luzonensis [I. macrophylla of other Philippine authors ) .
262
MERRILL.
Elmer, A. D. E. A Fascicle of South Negros Figs. Leaf,. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 531-551. (Article 26.)
Thirty-five species are enumerated of which the following are described as new: Ficus hallieri Merr. (insufficient diagnosis), F. everettii, F. bengue- tensis Merr., var. negrosensis, F. cervina, F. cuernosensis, F. crassitora , and
F. garciae. Ficus ruficaulis var. paloensis Elm. is raised to specific rank.
Elmer, A. D. E. Gesneriaceae from the Cuernos Mts. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908)
553-567. (Article 27.)
Seventeen species are enumerated, of which the following are described as new: Gyrtandra maesifolia, G. fragilis, G. attenuata, G. pallida, G. anto- niana, Rhynchoglossum spumosum, Trichosporum cuernosense, and T . trun- catum.
Elmer, A. D. E. A Score of New Plants. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 573-594. (Article 29.)
Consists of the descriptions of the following species: Mapania lucbanensis, M. banahaensis, Aphananthe negrosensis, Gymnacranthera negrosensis, Wein- mannia negrosensis, Parinarium coccineum, Sabia reticulata, Saurauia pan- duriformis, Eugenia incrassata, E. robinsowi, E. vidaliana, Scheffiera pani- culata (=S. foetida Merr.), Linociera rubrovenia, Garruthersia imberbis,
G. hirsuta, Erycibe dubia, Eranthemum fruticosum, Eemigraphis sublobatum, Psychotria diffusa cervina, and Pratia ovata.
Elmer, A. D. E. Synopsis of Fagraea. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 595-601. (Article 30.)
Eight species are considered of which the following are described as new: F. negrosensis, and F. cuernosensis. The paper applies only to Philippine forms.
Elmer, A. D. E. Synopsis of Artocarpus. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 609-626. (Article 32.)
The paper considers only the Philippine species, seventeen being recognized, of which the following are described as new: Artocarpus nigrescens, A. com- munis var. blancoi, and A. treculiana. A key is given to the species recognized.
Elmer, A. D. E. The Genus Hydrocotyle. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 627-629. (Article 33.)
The paper applies only to the Philippine species, five being recognized, with an analytical key; E. benguetensis and H. delicata are described as new.
Elmer, A. D. E. A New Grewia. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 631, 632. (Arti- cle 34.)
Grewia negrosensis is described as new.
Engler, A. Addimentatum ad Araceas-Pothoideas. Pfianzenreich 37 (1908) 2, 3; II 138, 139.
This consists of a description of the genus Epipremnopsis, which is first made monotypic, all specimens being referred to E. media (Z. & M.) Engl., extending from India to Malaya, and the Philippines. In the “Addimentum II,” 183, however, the Philippine form is separated as a distinct, endemic, Philippine species, as E. huegeliana (Schott) Engl.
Engler, A. & Krause, K. Araceae-Monsteroideae. Pfianzenreich 37 (1908)
1-138.
The following species are credited to the Philippines : Raphidophora per- kinsiae Engl., endemic, R. philippinensis sp. nov., R. copelandii Engl., endemic, R. merrillU Engl., endemic, R. warburgii Engl., endemic, Epipremnum pinna- tum (L.) Engl., Indo-Malaya to Polynesia, E. truncatum sp. nov., E. elmeria-
INDEX TO PHILIPPINE BOTANICAL LITERATURE, VI. 263
mini Engl. sp. nov., 8cinda/psus hederaceus Schott, Cochin China and Ma- laya, 8. curranii sp. nov., and Spathiphyllum commutatum Schott, Philippines and Celebes. Four of the new Philippine species of Raphidophora, Epiprem- num, and Scindapsus are described in the “Additamentum,” pages 137, 138.
Finet, E.-A. Orchidees nouvelles ou peu connues. Bull. Soc. Bot. France XIV 9 (1909) ,97-104.
Liparis disticha Lindl. var. latilabris Finet is the only Philippine form considered, the variety, based on Cuming 2099, being described as new.
Focke, W. 0. Species Ruborum. Monographiae generis Rubi Prodromus, Pars I. Bill. Bot. 72 (1910) 1-120, figs. 53.
The following Philippine species are considered : Rubus pectinellus Maxim., Japan and Luzon; R. copelandi Merr., endemic; R. cumingii O. Kuntze, endemic; R. luzoniensis Merr., endemic; R. zambalensis Elm., endemic.; R. pirifolius Sm. var. latifolius Focke, Java, Sumatra, and Negros ; R. bengue- tensis Elm., endemic; R. mearnsii Elm., endemic; R- angulosis Focke n. sp., Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, “Anscheinend auch auf Luzon;” R. glo- meratus Bl. var. pileanus Focke n. var., Luzon, the species in Java; R. vidalii Focke n. sp., endemic; R. hasskarlii Miq., subsp. dendrocharis Focke, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Carolines, Fiji, Mindanao; R. rolfei Yid., endemic, and R. elmeri Focke n. sp., endemic.
Foslie, M. Nye Kalkalger. Kgl. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter (1908) no. 12: 1-9.
Litholepis indica Fosl., forma philippinensis Fosl., is described from Philippine material.
Gagnepain, F. Essai d’une classification des Cratoxylon asiatiques. Notul. Syst. 1 (1909) 14-22.
Eleven species are considered, four of which are reported from the Philip- pines. Of the Philippine forms, C . • floribundum (Turcz.) F.-Vill., which I have reduced to C. celebicum Bl., is reduced by Gagnepain to C. clandestinum Bl., while C. arborescens (Vahl) Bl. is reduced to C. blcmcoi Bl., although Vahl’s name is much the oldest.
Hennings, P. Fungi Warburgiani. Hedwigia 32 (1893) 216-227.
Thirty-one species of fungi are credited to the Philippines in this paper, of which a single one, Xylaria luzoniensis, is described as new.
Herter, W. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Lycopodium. Studien fiber die Untergattung Urostachys. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 53 (1909) Beibl. 98: 1-56.
One hundred and forty species are recognized, of which forty-eight are described as new. No species are credited to the Philippines by definite citation of specimens, but of those considered, the following have been reported from the Archipelago by various authors : Lycopodium serratum Thunb., L. verticillatum Linn, f., L. carinatum Desv., L. squarrosum Forst., L. phyllan- thum Hook. & Arn., L. phlegmaria Linn., and L. pinifolium Blume.
Herter, W. Ein neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Lycopodium. Hedwigia 49 (1909) 88-92.
. Several new species are described, including Lycopodium magnusianum Hert., based on material collected by Mrs. Clemens in Mindanao.
Hooker, J. D. A Review of the Known Species of Philippine Islands Species of Impatiens. Keio Bull. (1909) 281-289.
Twenty-five species are enumerated, all but two of which are described as new, all being endemic with the exception of the introduced Impatiens balsa- mina Linn. The species are as follows : Impatiens balsam, ina L., and forma cliplocycla Hk. f., I. polyactina Hk. f., I. burkei Hk. f., I. merrillii Hk. f.,
95948 7
264
MERRILL.
I. hutchinsonii Hk. f., I. clemensae Hlc. f., I. biganensis Hk. f., I. caviteana Hk. f., I. elmeri Hk. f., I. manillensis Walp., I. quercetorum Hk. f., 1. klem- meana Hk. f.; I. pubisepala Hk. f., I. mearnsii Hk. f., I. vidalii Hk. f., I. barnesii Hk. f., I. rizaliana Hk. f., I. ahernii Hk. f., I. montalbana Hk. f., I. ramosii Hk. if., I. filicaulis Hk. f., I. curranii Hk. f., I. cryptogama Hk. f., I. cleistogama Hk. f., and I.. loheri Hk. f.
Jussieu, A. L. Observations sur la famille des plantes Verbenacees. Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 63-67.
Aegiphila viburnifolia ( =Premna ?), and Vitex parviflora are described from the Philippines.
Kranzlin, F. " Zwei neue Orchideen von den Philippinen. Fedde’s Repertorium 7 (1910) 97, 98.
Cirrhopetalum chryseum Kranzl., and Tricho glottis solerederi Kranzl. are described as new.
Kranzlin, F. Einige neue Orchidaceen. Fedde’s Repertorium 7 (1909) 38-41.
Barcopodium stella sylvae Loher & Kranzlin is described from Luzon, and Dendrobium goldschmidtianum Kranzlin from “Provinz der Philippinen und Formosa.”
Kukenthal, G. Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. Pflanzenreich 38 (1909) 1-824.
Four genera are recognized, the chief interest centering in Carex, of which 798 species are recognized, with numerous subspecies, varieties, and forms. Uncinia with 23 species, confined to South and Central America, Mexico, New Zealand, and Australia, with one species extending to New Guinea, is now known to occur in Luzon ( U. rupestris Raoul var. capillacea Kukenthal ) . Of the genus Carex, the following species are definitely recorded from the Archipelago: Carex rara Boott, Ceylon, mountains of, India, and Borneo; C. baccans Nees, India and Ceylon to southern China, Formosa, Java, and Sumatra; C. filicina Nees, India and Ceylon, central China, and Java; C. continua Clarke, Himalayan region, Burma, and central China; C. ra/flesiana Boott, var. scaberrima (Boeclc. ) Kukenth., Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Ternate; C. tvalheri Arn., var. turrita (Clarke) Kukenth., the variety endemic, the species in India, Ceylon, and Java; C. fuirenoides Gaudich., var. eirrhulosa (Nees) Kukenth., the variety endemic, the species in the Marianne Islands; C. nodiflora Boeck., endemic; C. graeffeana Boeclc., Fiji; C. oryptostachys Brongn., Malay Peninsula, Waigou, Tonkin, Hongkong, and Formosa, and C. brunnea Thunb., India to the Mascarene Islands, Japan, Malaya, New Caledonia, and Australia. Carex rhynchaehaenium C. B. Clarke is mentioned only as a species unknown to the author, and C. subtransversa C. B. Clarke is discussed under C. broionii Tuclcerm. The above list of thirteen Philippine species has been greatly increased by the more recent collections in the Archipelago.
Moore, S. Le M. Alabastra diversa - Part IV. Journ. Bot. 37 (1899) 168-175.
Two Philippine species are described as new, from the collections .of John Whitehead, Eurya amplexicaulis from Mindoro (more recently described by Mr. Elmer as E. auriculata) , and Trichosporum breviflorum from Negros.
Presl, C. B. Hymenophyllaceae. Eine botanische Abhandlung. (1843) pp. 1-70, pi. 12. (Reprint from Abhandl. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. V 3:93-163).
The following species are described from the Philippines, all based on specimens collected by Cuming: Triohomanes asplenioides, T. dimidiatum, T. saxifragoides, T. palmatum, T. luzonicum, T. acutum, T. millefolium, T. apiifo- lium, T. eminens, Didymoglossum brevipes, D. undulalum, D. serrulatum, D. longisetum, Hymenophyllum paniculiflorum, Sphaerocionium macrocarpum, Cephalomanes atrovirens and Abrodictyum cumingii.
INDEX TO PHILIPPINE BOTANICAL LITERATURE, VI. 265
Radlkofer, L. Tiber die Gattung Allophylus und die Ordnung ihrer Arten. Sitz. Math.-Phys. Klasse Kgl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. 38' (1909) 201-240.
One hundred and fifty-six species are recognized, and an analytical key is given to them. Eighteen species are Philippine, of the forty-nine known from the Indo-Malayan-Polynesian region, and fourteen of these are endemic. The Philippine species are as follows: Allophylus largifolius sp. nov., A. unifoliolatus Radik., A. apiocarpus sp. nov., A. hymenocalyx sp. nov., A. race- mosus Radik., A. ternatus Radik., A. setulosus Radik., A. leptococcus Radik., A. dasythyrsus sp. nov., A. malvaceus sp. nov., A. filiger Radik., A. macro- stachys Radik., A. grossedentatus F.-Vill., A. chlorocarpus sp. nov., A. timo- rensis Blume, A. dimorphus Radik., A. quinatus Radik., and A. insignis sp. nov.
Radlkofer, L. Ueber die Sapindaceen Hollandiseh-Indiens. Act. Cong.r. Int. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 70-133 (reprint 1-63).
Contains many notes on the synonymy of Philippine species, some new combinations, and the descriptions of several new species from the Archipelago, Lepisanthes ? eriolepis, Allophylus dimorphus, and A. filiger, the latter two credited to Java, but the specimens on which they were based were really collected in the Philippines (coll. Lobb) and distributed with erroneous localizations.
Radlkofer, L. Natchtrage zur Uebersicht der Sapindaceen Hollandiseh-Indiens ( issued with the reprint of the above, pp. 65-103 ) .
Supplementary to the preceding paper, and containing some additional notes on Philippine species.
Radlkofer, L. Ueber eine von Grisebach unter den Sapotaceen aufgefuhrte Daphnoidee. Sitz. Math.-Phys. Klasse Kgl. Bayer. Acad. Wissench. 14 (1884) 487-250.
In a consideration of the genus Parameria, P. philippinensis and P. vul- neraria are described from the Philippines.
Rehm, H. Ascomycetes novi. Ann. Mycol. 5 (1907) 516-545.
A single Philippine species is described as new, Mollisia copelandi Rehm, from Mindanao, on leaves of Garyota.
Richard, A. Memoire sur la famille des Rubiacees, contenant la description gene- rale de cette famille et les earacteres des genres qui la composent. (July, 1829) 1-226, pi. 11,. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5 (1834) 81-304, pi. 11-29.
Mussaenda philippica, Sabicea perrottetii, Plectroivia monstrosa and Gan- tliium lycioides are described from Philippine material, all. of which have been overlooked by most recent Philippine authors. According to the date on the title page the separate was issued about five years before it appeared in the “Memoires.”
Ridley, H. N. New Philippine Zingiberaceae. Leaf,. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 569-572. (Article 28.)
A new genus Elmeria is described (non Elmera Rydb.), with two species, E. bifida ( Hornstedtia paradoxa Ridl.), and E. pinetorum. Three species in other genera are also described, Phrynium philippinense Ridl., Alpinia penduli- flora, and Plagiostachys philippinensis.
Ridley, H. N. Zingiberaceae from South Negros. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 603-607. (Article 31.)
Sixteen species are enumerated, the following described as new: Alpinia musaefolia, Amomum lepicarpum and var. pubescens, Hornstedtia conoidea, H. microcheila, and H. lophophora, while the new generic name Adelmeria is proposed for Elmeria Ridl., non Elmera Rydb. See Ridley “The Seitamineae of the Philippine Islands” Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 155-199.
266
MERRILL.
Rolfe, R. A. Supplementary List of Philippine Plants. Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 209-216.
A list of 186 Philippine species which were not included by F.-Villar and Naves in the “Novissima Appendix” to the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas.” The paper contains the following new combinations: Strom- bosia philippinensis (Baill.)' Rolfe, Gomphandra laxiflora (Miers) Rolfe, Cupania revoluta (Turcz.) Rolfe, G. subundulata (Turcz.) Rolfe, Connarus trifoliatus (Presl) Rolfe as “trifoliolatus,” Terminalia wiollis (Presl) Rolfe, Barringtonid luzonensis (Miers) Rolfe, Orypteronia leptostachys (Planch.) Rolfe, Urophyllum memecyloides (Presl) Rolf e, Micrechites schrieckii (Huerclc & Muell. Arg. ) Rolfe, and Symplocos oblongifolia (Presl) Rolfe.
Stephani, F. Hepaticarum species novae III. Hedwigia 32 (1893) 204-214.
Bazzania latifolia is described as new from the Philippines, the type from Siargao Island.
Stephani, F. Three New Liverworts. Leaf,. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 385, 386. (Article 18.)
Anthoceros elrneri, Plagiochila elmeri, and Trichocolea striolata are described as new from material collected in Luzon.
Sydow, H. et P. Fungi novi Philippinenses. Awn. Mycol. 8 (1910) 36-41.
Twenty-two new species of Philippine fungi are described, as follows: Puccinia mesomorpha, Uredo manilensis, Meliola hyptidis, Valsella pinangae, Rosellinia procera, Nummularia gracilenta, Hypoxylon minutellum, H. lillipu- tianum, Xylaria gracilenta, Phyllachora aggregatnla, P. circinata, P. lepida, Homostegia fusispora, Eypocrella botryosa, Seynesia scutellum, Lembosia congregata, Mollisia ra/oida, Bulgaria pusilla, Cytospora calami, G. lirella, Melasmia exigua, and Septogloeum aurewn.
Trecul, A. Memoire sur la famille des Artocarpees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill 8 (1847) 38-157, pis. 1-6.
In this work the following Philippine species are described for the first time: Gonocephalus acuminatus Tree., C. microphyllus Trdc., Artocarpus cumingiana Tree., A. nitida Tree., A. lanceolata Tree., Gudrania obovata Tree. The several species previously described by Blanco are not considered.
Virgil, R. M. Diceionario de los nombres vulgares que se dan en Filipinas a muclias plantas usuales y notables del mismo archipielago, con la correspon- dence cientlfica, la clasificacion natural, y la indicacion de su uso. (1879) VI+50.
The scientific names in many cases are inaccurate and not to be trusted.
Zahlbruckner, A. Lichenes philippinenses. Leaf. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 435-438. (Article 21.)
Twenty-two species are enumerated including Sticta elmeri which is described as new; for a corrected diagnosis of this species see Zahlbruckner, “Neue Flechten - V.” Ann. Mycol. 7 (1909) 472-478.
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MERRILL, E. D. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants,
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Yol. V SEPTEMBER, 1910 No. 4
THE BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
By J. Sykes Gamble.
( East Liss, Hants, England.)
By the kindness of Mr. E. D. Merrill I have had the privilege of examining and reporting on a most valuable collection of Philippine Bambuseae belonging to the Herbarium of the Bureau of Science, and below is given the results of my endeavors to name the specimens. I regret that I have failed to identify with any approach to certainty most of the species named by Blanco. In the material quoted I have included the majority of the Philippine specimens in the Herbarium of the Royal G-ardens at Kew.
1. ARUNDINARIA Michx.
1. Arundinaria ni itakayamensis Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 21 (1907) 49, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 25 19 (1908) 240.
Bamhusa sp. near B. pygmaea Miq.j Merrill in Philip. Jonrn. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 261.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, in sphagnum hummocks and mossy grass lands, altitude about 2,150 m, Merrill 4733, November, 1905, Bur. Sci. 8379 McGregor, June, 1909; Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5846 Ramos, December, 1908; Mount Pulog, on grass-covered slopes and along the upper border of the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, Merrill 6489, May, 1909, Bur. Sci. 8893 McGregor {Phil. PI. 177), July, 1909; Payaon and Mangito, Loher 1834 (Herb. Kew.). Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 6222, November, 1906, in sphagnum in dense thickets at 2,600 m altitude. Formosa, Mount Morrison, Gauzan, Nagasawa 678, altitude 2,770 m, 1905.
At first I thought that this must be a new species, but Mr. Merrill, who had seen the type of Doctor Hayata’s species in the Tokyo Herbarium, called my 96832 267
268
GAMBLE.
attention to Arundinaria niitakayamensis, suggesting that the Philippine plant is identical -with the Formosan one. On making application to Doctor Hayata, he most kindly sent me a specimen of his species with both leaves and flowers, an examination of which proved Mr. Merrill’s suggestion to be correct. There are slight differences in the flowers, it is true, such as the smaller, not so long-awned, outer empty glumes, but in other respects the specimens agree, and Doctor Hayata also, writing to Mr. Merrill, expressed himself of the same opinion.
The culms appear most generally to reach a height of 1 m or less, sometimes in more sheltered places 2.5 m, the diameter near the base . 1 cm or less. The internodes are about 10 cm long and the culm-sheaths are rather longer, striate and hispid on the back, acuminate at the tip, and with a short-acuminate pseudophyll. The branches have quite short internodes, persistent chaffy sheaths, and small, much crowded leaves; as in the Formosan plant, the cross-bars of the leaf-nerves are about 5 per millimeter. The flower-panicles are terminal, and few-flowered, the spikelets are about 2 cm in length (shorter than in the For- mosan plant where they reach 3 cm in the material available) , and there are usually about six flowers to each spikelet. The caryopsis is unknown.
As originally suggested by Mr. Merrill, following Doctor Hackel, this species resembles the Japanese Arundinaria pygmaea Kurz ( Bambusa pygmaea Miq.), but differs in its narrower leaves; it also comes near to A. densifolia Munro, of the mountains of southern India and Ceylon, but that species has spikelets with only one flower.
2. BAMBUSA Schreb.
Culms unarmed.
Small shrubby species 2 to 3 m high 1. B. nana
Coarse arborescent species.
Leaf-sheaths with rounded auricles 2. B. vulgaris
Leaf-sheaths with horn-like, erect processes.
Leaves large; spikelets glabrous; keels of the palea not prominently ciliate.
3. B. cornuta
Leaves small; spikelets densely hirsute; keels of the palea prominently
ciliate ' 4. B. Merrillii
Culms spiny 5. B. Blumeana
1. Bambusa nana Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 25, nomen, FI. Ind. ed. Carey 2 (1832) 199; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 98; Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7 (1896) 40, pi, 38, et in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1898) 390.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 7049, sterile; cultivated as a hedge plant, a native of China and Japan.
2. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. in Wendl. Collect. PI. 2 (1810) 26, t. 47; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 106; Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7 (1896) 43, t. 40, et in Hook. f. FI. Brit. 7 (1907) 391.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, San Jose de Lagonoy, Peruera, December, 1909: Province of Isabela, Carig, Vidal 4023, March, 1886 (in Herb. Kew.) : Province of. Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford, September, 1905. Palawan (Paragua), Separa- tion Point, Merrill 802, February, 1903.
Native country so far unknown ; cultivated and often half -wild in India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaya, Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, West Indies, Central and South America, etc.
Whitford gives the vernacular name as cauayan quiling, the same being given by Blanco for his Bambusa monogyna.
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
269
Yar. striata Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7 (1896) 44.
Luzon, Manila, Merrill 1050, sterile; cultivated for ornamental purposes, introduced from India or Malaya.
I have never received flowering specimens of the variety striata, but the ordinary Bambusa vulgaris is frequently found in flower.
3. Bambusa cornuta Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 113.
Bambusa corniculata Kurz in Ind. Forester 1 (1876) 341, non Munro.
A straggling bamboo reaching a height of 7 to 8 m, the branches dilated and patellate at the nodes, reaching 1 cm in diameter. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, broadest and unequal at the base, rounded or more or less cuneate, apex long- acuminate, the acumen scabrid beneath, 30 to 35 cm long, 5 to 9 cm broad, the texture soft, thin; nerves 9 to 13 pairs; petiole very short, flat; sheaths striate, glabrous, truncate at the mouth and furnished on one or both sides with a stiff, straight, horn-like appendix about 7 mm in length, with a few, long, stiff bristles ; ligule short, truncate. Flowers apparently on separate flowering culms in very long, soft, branching panicles with many bracts, those on the upper branches scattered, those on the lower ones in heads. Spikelets oblong, acuminate, 5- or 6-flowered, -the rachillas between the flowers glabrous, sinuate, 1 to 2 mm long; empty glumes 2, glabrous, acuminate, 3 to 5 mm long; flowering glumes 6 to 7 mm long, mueronate, scabrous on the back; paleas as long as the fertile glumes, mucronate, tufted at the tip, stiffly villous between the keels; lodicules ovate- acuminate, not fringed. Stamens 6, free, linear, 2 to 3 mm long. Ovary cylindric. Stigmas 3, plumose. Fruit not known.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Quiangan, Merrill 124 '■> June 6, 1902. Known also from Java, Horsfield 193, Koorders 23693 (3 !, Bedalia Lake, Lamad- jong, Zollinger 4904 '■
I have felt a slight doubt about the identification of Mr. Merrill’s plant because the spikelets are not in rounded heads as they are in Koorders’ specimens. Zollinger’s specimens, however, show that lower verticils have the spikelets in heads while the upper ones have them scattered, so I conclude that the difference is merely one of position. The leaves of all the specimens agree excellently. I can not agree with Kurz in thinking- B. Horsfieldii Munro, 1. c. 115, to be the same as B. cornuta, after reading carefully the descriptions of the leaves.
4. Bambusa M err i 1 1 i i Gamble sp. nov.
Frutex arborescens, vagans. Culmi vagantes ad 18 m longi ; ramuli ad nodos culmi fasciculati, geniculati, infra nodos annnlos patelliformes ferentes. Folia lineari-lanceolata, apice in acumen setaceo-acuminatum infra scabro-bispidum attenuata, basi subinaequaliter attenuata vel rotun- data, 8 ad 10 cm longa, 12 ad 15 mm lata; vaginae striatae, glabrae, ad unum marginem insigniter ciliatae, ad apicem latere uno vel utroque appendice corniformi erecto vel curvato sparse sed longe fimbriato in- structae ; ligula brevis truncata ; petiolus brevissimus complanatus. Flores in ramulis foliiferis, in capitulis congestis bracteatis 2 cm diametro aggregati; patella annularis sub nodis reflexa. Spiculae lanceolatae, 2.5 ad 3 cm longae, dense hirsutae, flores 2 fertiles et ultimum sterilem ferentes; glumae steriles 2, mucronatae, dorso scabro-birsutae, nervis conspicuis, 7 ad 8 mm longae; glumae fertiles sterilibus similes, 10 mm longae; paleae latissime bicarinatae, intra carinas trinervae et nervulis
270
GAMBLE.
transversalitras, ad Carinas longe ciliatae, apice mucronatae ; lodiculae 3, hyalinae, 2 laterales 4 mm longae, ovatae, subfalcatae ad basin inerassatae margine ciliatae, media paleae adnata minor, 3 mm longa, oblonga, glabra. Stamina 6, libera, linearia, apice obtusa, 6 mm longa. Ovarimn angnstnm, stigmatibns longe plnmosis. Fructus ignotus.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Caraballo Mountains, Merrill 229, May, 28, 1902, in forests, altitude about 600 m.
This species apparently comes near to Bambusa Horsfieldii Munro, of Java, but does not quite agree with the description of that plant.
5. Bambusa Blumeana Schultes f. Syst. Veg. 7 2 (1830) 1343; Kunth Enum. 431; Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26:101; Kurz in Ind. Eorester 1:340; Lindl. in Penny Cycl. 3:356; Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 7 (1896) 43, t. Ifi , et in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 394.
Bambusa spinosa Blume ex Nees in Bot. Zeit. 8 (1825) 580.
■ Ischurochloa spinosa Biise in Miq. PI. Jungh. (1854) 389.
Schizostachyum Durie Rupr. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. VII 5 (1839) 136.
Bambusa Teba Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1857) 418, fide Kurz in Ind. Forester 1:336.
Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Malolos, Yoder, 1906; Baliuag, Phil. PI. 190 Merrill, Bur. Sci. 9645 Robinson, January, 1910, local name cauayan or cauayan totoo: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, W'hitford, September, 1905, local name cauayan totoo: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Loher 1833, March, 1893 (Herb. Kew. ) ; Pasay, near Manila, Merrill, May, 1909. Panay, Province of Iloilo, Ig- baras, Vidal 4022, March, 1886 (Herb. Kew.). Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya, Elmer 10157, May,- 1909.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
3. GIGANTOCHLOA Kurz.
1. Gigantochloa Scribneriana Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 390.
Cuyo, F. Lamson- Scribner 14, December, 1902. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Baliuag, Merrill, Bur. Sci. 961$ Robinson, January, 1910. Panay, Capiz, For. Bur. 10834 Apostol.
I believe that I am right in identifying the three last-mentioned specimens with this species, though the imperfection of the type specimen makes me still feel not quite sure. The flowers agree well with the description, but the leaves differ a little; however, it has to be remembered that in these large bamboos, the leaves differ very greatly in size and shape, even in the same clump, according to the part of the culm from which they are taken.
I have also received the specimen, quoted below, which I am unable to identify with certainty, but I believe it to be the common Malay species, Gigantochloa Atter Kurz ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 125.
Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10474 McGregor, October, 1909.
4. DENDROCALAMUS Nees.
Spikelets large; leaves large
Spikelets medium-sized; leaves long Spikelets very small
.. 1. D. latiflorus .... 2. D. Gurranii 3. D. parviflorus
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
271
1. Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 152, t. 6; Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7 (1896) 131, t. 117, et in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 407.
Bambusa latiflora Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. ,42 2 (1873) 250.
Bambusa verticillata Benth. FI. ITongk. (1861) 434, fide Munro.
Bambusa Beecheyana Munro 1. c. 108 (?).
Luzon, Province of Camarines, San Jose de Lagonoy, Bur. Sci. 6313 Robinson, August 25, 1908.
Tbough not quite sure, I believe that I am correct in the identification of this specimen. The only differences of any consequence seem to be that the spikelets are rather more hairy and the leaves narrower than in the type. Doctor Eobinson gives the vernacular name boton. It is said to be called bolongsina elsewhere in the same province.
2. Dendrocalamus Curran ii Gamble sp. nov.
Frutex. Culmus erectus ad 7 m altus, 6 cm diametro ; parietes 12 mm crassi; ramuli foliiferi et floriferi distincti, foliiferi ad nodos fasci- eulati et basi vaginis persistentibus, dorso aureo-fulvis, brevissime apicu- latis, ore fimbriatis et ligulam setis multis curvatis ferentibus muniti ; ramuli floriferi duri ad nodos incrassati, internodiis teretibus nitidis. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, ad 30 cm longa et 6 cm lata, basi rotundata, marginibus tactu scabris, nervo medio nitido haud prominente, lateralibus utrinque circiter 10-12, supra opaca, glabra, infra sparsim sericeo-villosa ; petiolus perbrevis complanatus; vaginae striatae, scabrae, sericeo-villosae1, ore truncatae, et ciliis paucis interdum munitae, ligula brevi puberula. Panicula maxima, ramis permultis, ramulis longis- simis, curvatis, alternatim glomerulis spicularum squamatis munitis; internodia gradatim minora, 4—1 cm longa, uno latere sulcata, tomentosa, altero glabra; glomerulae parvae, 7 ad 10 mm latae, spiculis paucis fertilibus, aliis imperfectis inter jectis. Spiculae ovatae, aeuminatae, 10 ad 15 mm longae, extus villosae; glumae steriles 2, late ovatae, ciliatae, viflosae; flores fertiles 4, addito quinto terminali imperfecto; glumae fertiles ovatae ad ovato-oblongae, mucronatae, marginibus ciliatae, 8 ad 10 mm longae; paleae oblongae, minute bimucronatae, bicarinatae, carinis ciliatis, glumis fertilibus aequilongae. Stamina linearia, 1 mm longa, apiculata, apice scabro. Ovarium late ovatum, dense villosum, in stylum longum, tenue villosum attenuatum ; stigmatibus 1 vel 2, plumosis. Fructus non visus.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Sampaloc, For. Bur. 10177 Curran, March, 1908. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10417 McGregor, October -November, 1909 (probably).
This must be a fine bamboo. It seems to come near to Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro, but the spikelets are much smaller and much more hairy. It is a pity that good culm-sheaths have not been collected. Curran gives the vernacular name as cauayan sina. The Polillo specimen is rather meager, but I believe it belongs to this species.
272
GAMBLE.
3. Dendrocalamus parviflorus Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 168.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens, March, 1907. Leyte, Palo, Elmer 7 283, January, 1906. Cebu, Cogon, Barrow, June, 1904.
This seems to be a good species. The Leyte plant has apparently been described as Gigcmtochloa Merrilliana Elmer, but I find no difference between it and the specimens of Dendrocalamus parviflorus Hack. Barrow gives the vernacular name cauayan.
5. CEPHALOSTACHYUM Munro.
1. Cephalostachyum mindorense Gamble sp. nov.
Culmus fruticosus, subscandens, fistulosus, ad 3 cm diametro; inter- nodia longa, nitida, teretia ; nodi incrassati. Folia membranacea, supra glabra, infra glabra vel minute pubescentia, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceo- lata, apice longe acuminata, basi attenuata vel rotundata, 15 ad 25 cm longa, 3 ad 5 cm lata; nervi utrinque 7 vel 9, haud conspicui; petiolus 3 ad 6 mm longus ; vaginae glabrae, striatae, apice uno vel utrOque latere longiuscule eornutae, ligulis longiusculis, longe setaceo-fimbriatis. Flores in culmis foliiferis, in paniculis longis axillaribus vel terminalibus, capitula densiflora ad nodos ramulorum alternatim ferentibus> rachis teres gracilis, internodiis ad 10-15 cm longis, infra nodos saepe annulatis. Capitulae stramineo-coloratae, 1 ad 2 cm latae, spiculis multis, bracteis glumiformibus aristatis multis intermixtis. Spiculae ovato-lanceolatae,, aristatae, 1 ’em longae, flore unico fertili, 2 imperf ectis superne additis ; glumae steriles 2, I 5 mm longa, angusta, dorso hispida, apice aristata, II 7 mm longa, late ovato-lariceolata, longe aristata, 9-nervata, marginibus et dorso pilis setaceis longis ciliatae; gluma III fertilis, vacuis similis sed nervis pluribus, 7 ad 8 mm longa ; palea ovato-lanceolata, prominenter bicarinata et bimucronata, carinis longe ciliatis, glumae III aequilonga; flores imperfecti oblongo-lanceolati, aristati. Stamina linearia, libera, 3, mm longa, apice bidentata. Lodiculae 2 vel 3, minimae, longe ciliatae. Ovarium oblongum, stylo brevi, stigmatibus? Caryopsis ovatus, 3 mm longus, glaber, apice rostratus, rostro acuto, scabro, 1 mm longo; peri- carpium crassum.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10667 Curran, June, 1908, near the seashore. Mindoro, For. Bur. 111/.21 Merritt, April, 1908, river flats, edge of forests; For. Bur. 6213 Merritt, January, 1907; Mount Cabiguayan, For. Bur. 8619 Merritt, January, 1908, on the summit and on wooded slopes, altitude about 800 m.
I have been rather puzzled about the genus of this beautiful species, but I believe I am correct in considering it to be a Cephalostachyum, very similar to the Burmese C. pergracile Munro, and G. flavescens Kurz. The only important dif- ference is that instead of a terminal slender rachilla with only a very small rudi- ment of glumes, this species has two terminal imperfect flowers. It required long search among the spilcelets of the specimens available to find one in flower showing perfect stamens, and another in nearly ripe fruit. Merritt gives the vernacular name bacto.
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
273
6. SCHIZOSTACHYUM Nees.
Flowers in long panicles, usually from flower-bearing culms, or axillary on leafy ones.
Spikelets sharply pointed, usually in rounded capitula; no lodicules.
Spikelets glabrous outside.
Spikelets short, under 1 cm long.
Leaves usually broad, rounded at the base, mouth of leaf-sheaths and
ligules long-bristly-ciliate — , * - 1. S. acutiflorum
Leaves usually narrow, attenuate at the base, mouth of leaf-sheaths and ligules not or only slightly bristly.
Spikelets very sharply pointed; apieulus of anthers shortly hirsute.
2. S. Dielsianum
Spikelets acute only; apieulus of anthers very long-bristly.
3. 8. palawanense
Spikelets long, more than 1 cm in length, very slender ; anthers obtuse.
4. 8. Hallieri
Spikelets more or less pubescent outside; anthers obtuse.
Spikelets densely white-hairy both on the empty and on the flowering
glumes; leaves 1 cm broad—.. ■. , 5. 8 . hirtiflorum
Spikelets shortly white-hairy only on the flowering glume; leaves over 1.5
cm broad , S&0- esL. 6. 8. mucronatuin
Spikelets hardly sharply pointed, obtuse or acute, usually in long panicles; lodicules usually present.
Spikelets in rounded capitula, separate or continuous, soft.... 7. 8 ■ Toppingii Spikelets in panicles of racemes, stiff, vaginate.
Sheaths lanceolate, not aristate; spikelets nearly or quite glabrous, the
anther-tips long-plumose : 8. S. Gurranii
Sheaths ovate-lanceolate, aristate, ciliate; spikelets conspicuously white- ciliate on the margins of the glumes; anthers obtuse.... 9. 8. luzonicum Flowers in short, terminal spikes up to 10 cm long; leaves very narrow.
10. 8. Merrillii
1. Schizostachyum acutiflorum Munro in Trans. Linn. Soe. 26 (1868) 137; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 391.
Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4031 F6nix, June, 1907. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 544, 1836; Cavinti, Bur. Sci. 10809 Mc- Gregor, December, 1909: Province of Benguet, Loher 1664, 1666, 1668 (Herb. Kew.) : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 20049 Topacio, For. Bur. 1261, 2731 Borden, Merrill 1174, 1477, '1528, 2550, 3297, Williams 384, 600, Whitford 75, 519, Bur. Sci. 1641 Foxworthy : Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5880 Curran: Province of Bulacan, Yoder : Province of Tar lac, Vidal 1964 (Herb. Kew.) : Province of Tay- abas, Vidal 928 (Herb. Kew.) : Province of Camarines, Vidal 929, 4021 (Herb. Kew.), For. Bur. 10413 Curran. . Mindoro, Bongabong River, For. Bur. 3740, 8711, 8773, 11460 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Hallier (?).
As suggested by Doctor Haekel in a manuscript note attached to Schizostachyum Dielsianum (Merrill 711) , this species and 8. Dielsianum are not easy to separate, but I have attempted to arrange the material sent me and found that in general my identifications agree with Mr. Merrill’s at page 391 of his paper on the Philip- pine grasses. I am inclined to think his suggestion that the Bambusa Lumampao Blanco is this species is most probably correct. 8. Dielsianum has the glomerules of spikelets usually open and scattered and a different texture of leaf. The vernacular name' is usually given as bioalj Topacio gives it as guimac.
274
GAMBLE.
2. Schizostachyum Dielsianum (Pilger) Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 11906) Suppl. 391.
Dinochloa Dielsiana Pilger in Perk. Prag. FI. Philip. (1904) 148.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Tabio trail, Bur. Sci. 8976 McGregor, July, 1909; Mount Santo' Tomas, Elmer 6566, June, 1904; Loher 1660, 1662, 1663 (Serb. Kew.) : Province of Pampanga, Arayat, Merrill 1408, March, 1903: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 388 Maule, March, 1904: Province of Bataan, Leiberg 6092: Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 13651 Bosenbluth & Tamesis: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 10879, 10888 Curran. Mindoro, Balete, Baco River, McGregor 27 9, May, 1905. Palawan, Merrill 711, February, 1903, For. Bur. 3548 Curran, January, 1906.
This bamboo is said by Merrill to be “clambering, 60 to 80 feet high, 1 inch in diameter.” Maule calls it bical boboy. In regard to the question of the iden- tification of it with Bambusa diffusa Blanco, Hackel, in the note referred to above, remarks that the leaf -description does not well agree and that comparison of the fruit is necessary. Blanco describes the leaves of Bambusa diffusa as “figura de espada, pelosas por debajo,” and the fruit as “grande como un garbanzo,- globosa, cubierta con una membrana senalada con cuatro Imeas.” The latter character seems likely to be important.
3. Schizostachyum palawanense Gamble sp. nov.
Culmus suffruticosus, prope basin solidus, 8 mm diametro; internodia ad 20 cm longa, teretia; ramuli fistulosi, ad nodos incrassati. Folia membranacea, glabra, lineari-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi plus minus inaequaliter acuta, marginibus scabra, 8 ad 15 cm longa, 7 ad 15 mm lata ; nervi obscuri, utrinque 4 ad 6 ; petioli brevissimi, vix 1 ad 2 mm longi ; vaginae striatae, ore oblique truncatae et ciliis longis 2 vel 3 munitae; ligulis brevibus parce ciliatis. Flores in paniculis gracilibus, axillaribus in ramulis foliiferis ; rachis tenuissimus glomerulis parvis paucifloris ad nodos vaginatis, ultimis saepe eontinuis; vaginae strami- neae, acuminatae, cito caducae. Spiculae in glomerulis plerumque 3 vel 4 fertiles glabrae, 6 ad 7 mm longae, additis aliis imperfectis et bracteis parvis glumace.is; glumae steriles 2 vel 3, ovatae, breviter mucronatae, inferiores I et II 2 ad 3 mm, III 4 mm longae, nervis obscuris; florens 5 mm longa, multum convoluta ; palea etiam convoluta, aequilonga. Stamina 6, linearia, libera, 4 mm longa, apiculo 0.5 mm longo pilis albis longis aristatis tecto. Ovarium glabrum, stylo attenuato, longo, nitido, stigmatibus 3, longis, plumosis. Fructus ignotus.
Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 277 Bermejos, January, 1906.
The specimen bears flowering shoots not only in the axils of the branchlets, but also direct from the roots, but this may not always be the ease. As noted by Hackel, it seems an anomalous species, with spilcelets not unlike those of S. acuti- florum, but with the apiculus of the stamens quite different.
4. Schizostachyum Hallieri Gamble sp. nov.
Frutex dense caespitosus ; culmus 8 ad 9 m altus, 2 ad 4 cm diametro ; internodia ramulorum gracilia longissima, saepe 1 ad 1.2 m attingentia. Folia membranacea, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice setaceo- acuminata, acumine scabro, basi inaequaliter rotundata, marginibus scabra
BAMBOOS OP THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
275
et saepe hyalina, supra glabra, infra puberula, 15 ad 30 cm longa, 3 ad 7 cm lata; costa pallida, supra impressa, infra prominens nitida, nervi utrinque 8 vel 9, supra obscuri; petioli 5 ad 10 mm longi, complanati ; vaginae glabrae, striatae, ore truncatae et utrinque ciliis (ad 12) longis (ad 6 mm) munitae, ligulis etiam conspicue longe ciliatis. Flores in paniculis longis ramulosis e culmi nodis, ramulis foliiferis admixtis; panicularum ramuli ad nodos glomerulos 1 ad 1.5 cm diam. ferentes, glomeruli supremi aliquando subeontinui, raehis ramulorum gracilis, subfiliformis, minute puberulus; glomeruli spiculas multas fertiles feren- tes, additis paucis imperfectis et bracteis multis stramineis. Spiculae lineari-lanceolatae, angustae, 15 mm longae, glabrae, basi ad rachim vagina ovata 8 mm longa suffultae, deinde bractea parva, 2.5 mm longa, bicarinata, ciliata; glumae steriles 4, I 3 mm, II 6 mm. III 7 mm, IV 10 mm, omnes 7-9-nervae et breviter mucronate; fertilis 15 mm longus, convolutus, mucronatus ; palea paullo brevior, etiam convoluta, byalina. Stamina 6, imprimis filamentis conjunctis sed cito separandis; antherae lineares, 6 ad 7 m!m longae, obtusae. -Ovarium tenue, stylo crustaeeo nitido longo et stigmatibus 3 brevibus plumosis. Fructus ignotus.
Basilan, Eallier, January, 1904. Mindoro, Subaan, For. Bur. 11374 Merritt, April, May, 1908. Leyte, Palo, Elmer 7145, January, 1906. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford, September, 1905. Mindanao, District of Zam- boanga, Copeland s. n., May, 1910.
This bamboo is said by Merritt and by Whitford to be called anos, the native name given by Blanco for his Bambusa lima. Mr. Merrill thinks that it is Bam- busa lima Blanco, but the description of that plant, whatever it was, is not one which is likely to ensure identification and anos leaves can scarcely be called “angusta.”
5. Schizostachyum hirtiflorum Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 420.
Schizostachyum sp. Merrill 1. c. 1 (1906) Suppl. 391.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Loher 1659 (Herb. Kew.) ; Sablan, Elmer 6173, April, 1904: Province of Cagayan, Tuguegarao, Williamson, February, 1906: Prov- ince of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2240, 2310 Mearns, January, 1907 : Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8334 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907, with diseased inflorescence: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 17311 Curran, June, 1909 ( ?) : Province of Rizal, Loher 1658, 1667 ; Morong, Bur. Sci. 1419 Ramos, August, 1906.
Mr. Elmer describes this species as erect, 20 to 30 feet high, 3 to 5 inches in diameter, growing in dry ravines. Curran & Merritt call it Meal and say that it is “common on ridges and slopes, forming dense thickets.” Ramos’ specimen bears the Tagalog name boo and has been doubtfully identified with Bambusa levis Blanco, but the leaves have not the under surface “molliter lanata,” and so I fear the identification can not be accepted. I am inclined to refer to this species Merrill’s no. 581, collected on Culion Island in December, 1902, which he says is called in Tagalog bagacan, and describes as reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and forming extensive dense thickets. Loher gives the native name bocaui. Curran’s no. 17311 is a rather imperfect specimen with terminal short inflorescence, but I believe it to belong to this species.
276
GAMBLE.
6. Schizostachyum mucronatum Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 169.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Dolores, For. Bur. 5659 Klemme, October, 1906: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8215 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907 : Prov- ince of Camarines, For. Bur. lOJtH Curran, May, 1908: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 3615 Maule, January, 1906. Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya, Elmer 10838.
Klemme says that this bamboo is called holo and grows in open forests on steep rocky slopes, being “too common;” Curran gives the name boho or cana boho; Maule gives the name as bo jo, and bis specimen has been identified with Bambusa lumampao Blanco, which may prove to be correct, at any rate there seems to be nothing special in Blanco’s description to prevent it. But the description might fit several other species just as well and the only definite thing about it is that B. lumampao is the bamboo from which sticks are made and commonly sold in Manila. Only local investigation can properly utilize this information.
7. Schizostachyum Toppingii Gamble sp. nov.
Prates erectus vel scandens; culmi parce fistulosi, teretes, nitidi; internodiis brevibus ; ramuli- duri, nitidi, f oliiferi et florif eri eodem culmo, nodis incrassati. Folia subcoriacea, glabra, praecipue ad ex- tremitates ramulorum aggregata, vaginis multis veteribus suffulta, lineari- lanceolata, apice longe setaceo-acuminata, basi rotnndata vel cordata, interdnm attenuata; marginibus scabra et saepe cartilaginea, 12 ad 30 cm longa, 1.5 ad 3 cm lata; nervi utrinqne circiter 6; petioli breves, 1 ad 2 cm longi, crassi; vaginae durae, striatae, ore trancatae et ciliis paucis ornatae, ligulis brevissimis. Flores in spicis longissimis glomer- ulorum panicnlatim ramulosis; glomeruli alternati, saepissime subglobosi,
1 ad 1.5 cm diametro, inter dum dense aggregati praecipue versus apices ramulorum; rachis teres, uno latere sulcatus, infra nodos puberulus. Spiculae glabrae, in glomerulis densissime aggregatae, fertiles longiores, imperfectis multis admixtis, 5 ad 8 mm longae, vix acutae ; glumae steriles
2 vel 3, ovatae, I -2 mm, II 3 mm, III 4 mm, omnes 7- ad 9-nerves, minute mucronatae; fertiles 5 mm longae, 9-nerves, mucronatae; palea 4 ad 5 mm longa, 5-nervis, paullo convoluta, hyalina; lodiculae 2, minutae, ovatae, longe fimbriatae. Stamina 6, libera, linearia, filamentis incras- satis, antheris 4 mm longis, apieulo parce hirsuto, aeuminato. Ovarium ovatum, in stylum longum puberulum attenuatum, stigmatibus 3 plumosis. Caryopsis globosus, glaber, siccitate niger, 6 mm diametro, glumis per- sistentibus suffultus, apice paullo depressus et mucronatus; pericarpium tenue, facile solutum; semen pericarpio conforme; embryone ad basim in scutello eximie sericeo-birsuto incluso, radicula libera.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Montalban, Bur. Sci. 5222 Topping, July, 1908 : Prov- ince of Nueva Vizcaya, Quiangan, Merrill 126, June, 1902. Mindoro, summit of Mount Calavite, For. Bur. 9500 Merritt, February, 1908, altitude 1,200 to 1,400 m. I also identify with this, probably, Loher 1661 (Herb. Kew.), from the Tangso River, Luzon, May, 1890, but the flowers are very imperfect.
This species comes near to S. Dielsianum and S. acutiflorum, but has the spikelets much less acute, the leaves thicker and crowded at the ends of the
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
277
branchlets, and the fruit with only a minute apiculus instead of the large conical one of the latter species. Topping’s specimens have both flowers and fruits, the latter most interesting in structure. Merritt gives the common name as usiu and describes the plant as “climbing,” and yet “very shrubby on top of the mountain and not more than 1 m high, below larger and of regular size;” Merrill says that it reaches 40 feet in height and is very straight and erect. His specimens are slightly abnormal, being from broken culms, but the spikelets and leaves agree with the chief type. He has referred his specimen to Bambusa lumampao Blanco, which more probably is Schizostachyum acutiflorum Munro.
8. Schizostachyum Curranii Gamble sp. nov.
Culmus fruticosus, scandens, fistulosus; internodia viridia, scabra; vaginae chartaceae, glabrae, striatae, apice truncatae, ligulis longinscnlis, parce setaeeo-fimbriatis. Folia chartacea, glabra, lanceolata vel ovato- lanceolata, apice longe setaceo-acuminata, basi snbcordata, marginibns scabra, 12 ad 20 cm longa, 2 ad 3 cm lata ; nervi utrinque 7 vel 8, perob- scuri ; petiolns brevis, 3 mm longus ; vaginae glabrae, striatae, ore oblique trnncatae, ligulis longiusculis. Flores in paniculis axillaribus in culmis foliiferis, ad 70 cm longis; ramuli multi ad nodos racemos vaginatos ferentes; vaginae lineari-lan eeolatae, stramineae,' glabrae, 1 ad 3 cm longae ; racemi spiculis 1 ad 6 alternatim dispositis et stramineo-bracteatis. Spiculae oblongo-lanceolatae, glabrae, 8 mm longae; ultima 2 , ebracteata, inferiores vel $ , bracteatae et bracteolis binis parvis bicarinatis, ciliatis; glumae steriles 2 vel 3, ovatae, longe mucronatae, 5-7-nervatae, 5 ad 6 mm longae; fertilis minor, convolutus, 5 mm longus; palea minima, hyalina; lodiculae 2 vel 3, ovatae, obtusae, 1 mm longae, apice longe fimbriatae. Stamina linearia, 3 mm longa, apiculo plumoso 1 mm longo. Ovarium puberulum attenuatum, stigmatibus plumosis, floris 2 glabrum, basi incrassatum. Fructus ignotus.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Lusod-Bayabas trail, altitude 2,000 m, For. Bur. 10849 Curran, December, 1908.
9. Schizostachyum luzonicum Gamble sp. nov.
Culmus suffrutieosus, 1 ad 2 m altus, parce fistulosus, glaber, nitidus; internodia 20 ad 25 cm longa, 1 cm diametro ; vaginae 3 ad 5 cm longae, glabrae, margine ciliatae, ore fimbriato-auriculatae, pseudophyllis tri- angularibus longe acuminatis; ramuli stricti, folia et flores ferentes. Folia coriacea, glabra, pallida, versus apices ramulorum congesta, lan- ceolata, apice acuminata, basi cordata, marginibus cartilagineis, 10 ad 20 cm longa, 2 ad 3.5 cm lata; nervi obscuri, utrinque 8 ad 10; petiolus latus, 3 ad 5 mm longus; vaginae glabrae, nitidae, ore fimbriato-auri- culatae, ligulis brevissimis. Flores in paniculis vaginatis lateralibus vel terminalibus foliis sufEultis, 15 ad 60 cm longis; rachis alternatim sinuatus; glomeruli paueiflores singuli vel in spicis basi vaginati, vagina glabra, 10 ad 15 mm longa, aristata margine ciliata; bracteae parvae, 3 vel 4, ovatae, longe ciliatae, spiculis 3 quarum una longior et fertilis. Spiculae lineari-fusiformes, aristatae, 1 cm longae; glumae steriles 2 vel
278
GAMBLE.
3, ovatae, longe mucronatae, I 7 mm, II 8 mm, III 7 mm ; fertilis 5 ad 6 mm; palea 4 ad 5 mm, hyalina, convolnta ; omnes 5-9-nervatae, marginibus eximie albo-eiliatis ; lodiculae oyatae, longe fimbriatae. Stamina 6, linearia, glabra, 2 mm longa, apice obtnsa, rotundata, seabra. Ovarinm (immaturum) eomplanatnm, pubernlnm, stigmatibus brevibus pilosis. Fructus ignotus.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, altitude 800 m, For. Bur. 8^11 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907, For. Bur. 5926 Curran, January, 1907, in moist places on rocky hills.
A remarkable reed-like species, noticeable by the coriaceous leaves and the long-white-ciliate margins of the glumes. It seems to have no resemblance to any of the other species I have seen.
10. Schizostachyum Merrillii Gamble sp. nov.
Cnlmus fruticosus, fistulosus, scaber, 2 cm diametro. Folia cbartacea, pallida, glabra, anguste linearia, apice acuminata, basi acuta, marginibus seabra, 7 ad 15 cm longa, 7 ad 10 mm lata, longitudinaliter corrugata, nervi obscuri, utrinque.3; petioli 2 ad 3 mm longi; vaginae nitidae, ore truncatae, parce ciliatae, ligulis brevibus fimbriatis. Flores terminales in ramulis foliiferis, in spicis gracilibus vaginatis parce ramosis vix 10 cm longis. Spiculae 1 ad 5, distichae, in spicis parvis ad nodos vaginatos, rachillis minutis separatae, ultima major fertilis, rachilla terminali, inferiores aliquando imperfectae; vaginae muticae, stramineae, 8 mm longae ; glumae vacuae parvae, 1 vel 2, aristatae, florens 1 cm longa, dorso minute sericea, longe aristata; palea subaequilonga, aristata, eonvoluta. Stamina 6, libera, o mm longa, apice obtusa. Ovarium lineare in stylum longum productum, stigmatibus plumosis. Fructus ignotus.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Antipolo, Merrill 17J/J/, March, 1903.
Only one specimen of this is available, but it is sufficiently good to indicate a well-marked species.
7. DINOCHLOA Biise.
Climbing shrubs.
Leaves broad.
Lodicules absent; caryopsis globose; floral raehis glabrous 1. D. scandens
Lodicules present; caryopsis oblong; floral raehis pubescent.. 2. D. pubiramea
Leaves narrow; no lodicules.
Culms smooth; caryopsis globose 1. D. scandens var. angustifolia
Culms rough; caryopsis oblong 3. D. Aguilarii
Herbaceous undershrubs; lodicules present 4. D. Elmeri ■
1. Dinochloa scandens O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 773.
Bambusa scandens Bl. ex Nees in Flora 7 (1824) 291.
Dinochloa Tjankorreh Biise in Miq. PI. Jungh. (1854) 388; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1859) 415; Munro in Trans.' Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 153, t. 5 (excl. 4, 5) ; Rurz in Ind. Forester 1 (1876) 352; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 324; Gamble in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 7 (1896) 112, et in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 414; Pilger in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 150; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci.
1 (1906) Suppl. 29, 392.
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
279
Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10416 McGregor, also (probably), Bur. Sci. 10^15 Mc- Gregor. Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 276 Bermejos, January, 1906; Casuarina Point, Bur. Sci. 621 Foxworthy, March, 1906. Balabac, Bur. Sci. Jflf7 Mangubat, March, 1906, near the seashore. Basilan, For. Bur. 3980, 3981 Hutchinson. Mindoro, Bongabong River, For. Bur. 3701, 4066 Merritt, March, 1906. Mindanao, District of Davao, Copeland 1239, April, 1904: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1176, September, 1907.
This species seems to be widespread in the southern islands. The following are given as vernacular names: baia (Foxworthy); bacaue (Mangubat); bucao (Hutchinson); usiu, bolocaui (Merritt). Copeland’s specimens have fruit which is very interesting in structure. The caryopsis is globose, black, smooth, 3.5 mm in diameter, tipped with the style and 3-lobed jstigma, and supported at the base by the persistent glumes. The pericarp is easily separated and the scutellum of the seed is apparently a thin gelatinous film enclosing the embryo and half of the endosperm and semi-adherent to the pericarp.
Var. angustifolia Hackel ex Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 392.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Cuming 637, 1836; Mount Maquiling, Merrill 511f5, March, 1906, Elmer, April, 1905: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 2102 Borden, November, 1904. Mindoro, Pola, Merrill 222^, May, 1903; Balete River, For. Bur. 6135 Merritt, January, 1907. Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya, Copeland 1239, in part, April, 1904: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9235 Whitford d Hutchinson, January, 1908. Basilan, Hallier, January, 1904.
Local investigation, including especially an examination of the mature culms, the culm-sheaths, and the ripe fruit, may show this to be a species distinct from Dinochloa scandens. Borden gives the vernacular name as timac; Merrill and Merritt give it as usiu.
2. Dinochloa pubiramea Gamble sp. nov.
D. scandens O. Ktze. var. pubiramea Merrill MS. in Herb. Manila.
Frutex scandens; culmi 2.5 cm diametro, subscabri, nodis incrassati et geniculati. Folia cbartacea, apice setaeeo-acuniinata, basi plus minus inaequaliter rotundata, utrinque glabra vel infra minutissime puberula, marginibus scabra, 17 ad 27 cm longa, 2 ad 5 cm lata; nervi utrinque 13 vel 14, vel in foliis angustis pauciores; petioli lati, crassi, 2 ad 4 mm longi; vaginae longae et longe persistentes, nitidae, dorso earinatae, apice oblique truncatae nudae; ligulis parvis eiliatis. Flores in capitulis minutis, distantibus vel continuis, vel in racemis brevibus, secus ramulos filiform.es panicularum longarum ex axillis in culmis foliiferis; ramuli vaginati, vaginis stramineis lanceolatis, superioribus acuminatis, inferior- ibus pseudophylla ferentibus; internodia gradatim minora, ultima pube- scentia sicut etiam bracteolae capitularum. Spiculae in capitulis fertiles paucae, bracteolis paleaceis multis obtusis admixtae; glumae steriles 2, I 1.5 mm longa, glabra, latissima, prof unde emarginata et apieulo aeuto, II I similis sed 2.5 mm longa et minus emarginata; florens (valva) 3 mm longa, lata, minute apiculata, 7-nervia; palea ovato-acuta, apice ciliata, vix convoluta, 2 ad 3 mm longa; lodiculae 3, minimae, 1 mm longae, ovatae, longe fimbriatae. Stamina 6, libera, antheris 1.5 mm longis,
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GAMBLE.
apiculo longiusculo hirsu-to. Ovarium oblongum vel obovatum. Stylo brevi, stigmatibus 3, longis, plumosis. Caryopsis (immatura) oblonga, apice nitida, obtusa,' stylo indurato terminate.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Mount Biantung, Bolster 319, May, 1906. Basilan, near Isabela, For. Bur. 3977 Hutchinson, February, 1906. Negkos, Sicaba River, Everett, July, 1906.
I am of the opinion that there is ample reason to separate this from Dinochloa scandens, not only on account of the pubescent panicle-rachis, but also on account of the emarginate glumes, long-plumose, stigmas, and. the presence of lodicules . Hutchinson gives the vernacular name as bueao, Everett as cauayan.
3. Dinochloa Aguilarii Gamble sp. nov.
Frutex scandens; culmi paree fistulosi, opaci, scabri, 1 ad 2 cm lati; ramuli ad nodes fasciculate foliiferi breves, floriferi longissimi, foliiferi pergraciles, rigidi, ad nodos incrassati, geniculati. Folia membranacea, glabra, lineari-lanceolata, apice rigide et scabre setaceo-acuminata, basi rotundata, uno latere seabra, 6 ad 13 cm longa, 10 ad 16 mm lata; nervi utrinque 4 ad 6; petioli vix ulli; vaginae tenues striatae, glabrae' vel puberulae, ore ciliis paucis (3- vel 4) rigidis, longioribus ornatae, ligulis pubescentibus. Flores in spicis brevibus bracteatis secus ramulos tenuis- simos panicularum longarum terminalium florentium vel interdum foli- iferarum, bracteae lanceolatae bracteolis obtusis minutis. Spiculae minimae, 3 mm longae, glabrae ; glumae steriles 2, I ovata obtusa, 1 mm, II late ovata, 2 mm, florens (valva) 3 mm oblonga; palea valvae aequi- longa, hyalina. Stamina 6, libera, antherae lineares, 2 mm longae, api- culis puberulis. Ovarium basi ovatum in stylo tenui produetum, stigmate late plumoso. Caryopsis oblonga, glabra, 4 mm longa, apiculo rigido conico, 1 mm longo, basi glumis persistentibus suffulta; pericarpium crassum; semen pericarpio conforme infra ad unum latus scutello piano conspicuo sub embryone minuto omatum.
Luzon, Province of Bulaean, Angat, For. Bur. 11163 Aguilar, March, 1908: Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, For. Bur. 11/.010 Merritt & Darling, Novem- ber, 1908, altitude 1,000 m: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8588 Curran, January, 1908: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Holman lOlfi, April, 1910. Basilan, Hallier, January, 1902.
This seems to me to be quite distinct from D. scandens var. angustifolia, in the scabrous culms, the thin leaves, and the quite different caryopsis. At the same time, I have ventured to describe it as a separate species only with some diffidence, for I feel that as all the available Dinochloa specimens are more or less imperfect in some respect, nothing will really set right their separation but a careful and complete study on the spot.. None of the specimens have any culm-sheaths, only one has fruit, and some have the flowers far too young for study. Aguilar gives the vernacular name as baito; Curran as esu.
4. Dinochloa Elmeri Gamble sp. nov.
Suffrutex parvus semiherbaceus, basi solum plus minus lignosus ; culmi pergraciles, molles, vix 50 cm alti; ramuli geniculati. Folia membranacea, lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi rotundata, margine ex-
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
281
teriore scabra, caetemm glabra, 5 ad 7 cm longa, 6 ad 15 mm lata, nervi utrinque 3 yel 4, obseuri, petioli 1 ad 1.5 mm longi; vaginae molles, striatae, scabrae, apice truncatae, minute ciliatae, ligulis petiolo aequi- longis. Mores in spiculis minutis spicatis terminalibus vaginatis, alter- natim distantibus; vaginae parvae, pnberulae, 1.5 mm longae. Spicnlae oblongae, ad 4.5 mm longae; glnmae vacnae 2, minutae, emarginatae, pnberulae, ciliatae, I 1 mm, II 1.5 mm longa; glurna florens late emar- ginata, in sinu mucronata, 7-nervia, pubescens, 2.5 mm longa, 3.5 ad 4 mm lata ; palea florenti similis, convoluta, apicis alis utrinque angulatis, apice solum obscure 2-carinata; lodiculae 1 ad 3 ( ?), spatbulatae, glabrae, rarissimae. Stamina 6, libera, 3 mm longa, linearia, apiculo scabro. Ovarium lanceolatum, stylo tenui, stigmatibus 2 vel 3, pilosis. Caryopsis oblonga, 5.5 mm longa, 4 mm lata, basi glumis suffulta, apice rostrata; pericarpium a semine facile solutum.
• Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Santo Tomas, Elmer 6542, June, 1904. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Bur. Sci. UfyO Banks, June, 1906, doubtful.
A very curious and interesting plant, “rare in the mossy forest at the summit of the mountain” (Elmer). It seems to me to be distinctly a Dinochloa, but better specimens may possibly alter this opinion and possibly even prove it to belong to a new genus. Banks5 specimen is like a small wiry Panicum and has no flowers.
The Philippine Jouhnal of Science, C. Botany. Yol. V, No. 4, September, 1910.
ADDITIONS TO THE BORNEAN FERN FLORA.
By Edwin Bingham Copeland.
( From the College of Agriculture, Los Banos, P. I.)
Dryopteris glabrior Copel. spec. nova.
A D. crenata (Forst.) 0. K. fronde majore graciliore, miilto laxiore, ubiqxie multo glabriore, soris minoribns differt.
Giinong Kapor, near Bidi, leg. C. J. Brooks.
D. crenata is unknown in Borneo. While the differences between this species and D. crenata are all only of degree, they are so marked that they justify treating the two plants as specifically distinct. D. glabrior is the more primitive of the two.
Dryopteris penangiana (Hook.) C. Chr. var. calvescens (Christ) (Z>. ferox var. calvescens Christ) .
Bengkarum, near summit, leg. C. J. Brooks, No. 27.
The species is known from continental Asia; and this form, which in spite of its stature is more nearly related to this species than to D. ferox, has been found in Mindanao and Negros.
PROTO LI N DSAYA Copel. genus novum.
Rhizomate rep ente, paleis angustis vestito, fascicnlo vasculari teirue solido ; pi Tin is inaeqiiilateralibus non dimidiatis, vennlis liberis ; soris intramarginalibns haud conflnentibus, obconicis, lateribus indnsiornm ad laminam adnatis.
Protolindsaya Brooksii Copel. spec. nova.
Rhizomate 1 mm crasso, paleis rufescenti-brnnneis, 1 mm longis; stipitibns adscendentibus, 3-5 cm altis, deorsnm castaneis, snrsnm rhachique plemmqne viridescentibus ; fronde. 5-7 cm alta, 1 cm lata, acuminata, pinnata, nbiqne glabra; pinnis alternantibus, ntroqne latere 10-12, infimis brevi-stipitatis, maximis 7 mm longis, 3 mm latis, cnneatis, in segmenta ca. 3 obtnsa oblonga incisis, venula in segment© quoqne nna ; pinnis medialibus- fere aeqnalibns ad apicem inciso-crenatis vel integris ; pinnis supremis adnatis, oblanceolatis, obtnsis, monophlebiis ; soro ad apicem intram argin alem vennlae, 0.5 mm lato, paullo altiore, margine libera indusii integra rotundata.
283
284
COPELAND.
Gunong Bengkarum, altitude 1,050 m, leg. 0. J. Brooks, No. Ifi : growing in and beside a very cold stream.
This little fern is unmistakably related to Saccoloma moluccanum (3B1. ) Mett., and to Lindsaya cultrata (Willd.) Sw. The pinnae strongly resemble the ultimate pinnules of S. moluccanum, and the sori are alike except in position. The rhizome and the aspect of the plant are like the Lindsaya. The origin of Lindsaya, Schizoloma and Odontosoria has always been a mystery, to which this fern offers a very interesting clue. I by no means believe that P. Brooksii is itself the ancestor of Lindsaya or Odontosoria or Saccoloma; but it presents so interesting a combination of the characteristics their common ancestors must have had, that it is reasonable to suppose that it has retained with less modifica- tion the less specialized, more generalized character of the more primitive and now unknown real ancestor.
In the same connection it may be observed that S. moluccanum is with doubtful propriety referred to Saccoloma. It has had at least four specific names in Microlepia, to which its affinity is clear.
Schizoloma heterophyllum (Dry.) J. Sm. var. Speluncae Copel. var. nova.
Stipite 4-10 cm alto nisi versus basin castaneam viride; fronde ca. 5 cm alta; pinnis maximis 33 mm longis,. 12 mm latis, obtusis, basibus late cuneatis fere aequilateralibus, integris vel rarissime subincisis, membra- naceis; venulis laxe anastomosantibus ; soris vix marginalibus, continuis.
Sandakan, in a cave at base of sandstone cliff, facing the sea, Foxworthy 578.
Except for the suspicion that the peculiar environment may. be responsible for the thin, broad, entire pinnse, I would not hesitate to describe this as a new species.
Asplenium trifoliatum Copel. spec. nova.
Euasplenium foliis maximis, rliizomate suberecto, 7 mm crasso, lignoso, radices validas multas emittente, dense paleaceo, paleis membranaceis ovato-lanceolatis integris acuminatis 6 mm longis brunneis; stipitibus 15-20 cm altis, confertis, paleaceis, paleis sursum minoribus et subdeci- duis ; fronde pinnata ; pinna utroque latere una, decurr'enti-adnata, ca. 12 cm longa, 3-5 cm lata, eaudata; pinna terminale 40 ad 50 cm alta, fere 10 cm lata, eaudata, argute serrata, lierbacea, supra glabra, atro- viride, infra pallidiore, et ad costam atro-brunneam prominentem et sparsissime squamulis minutis ad laminam paleaqea ; soris laete brunneis, inaequalibus, costa et margine remotis, vix 1 mm latis, indusio per-, sistente, sporis cornutis.
Sambas, near Tringos, on rocks in low-lying jungle, leg. C. J. Brooks, No. 26 1
In some respects this species strongly suggests A. epiphyticwin Copel., of Mindanao, which I regard as a probable source of the genus Stenochlaena.' It has also enough characteristics in common with A. squamulatum to make their affinity very probable. ' It may, therefore, well represent the connection between Thamnopteris and the larger and probably older group, Eu-asplenium. On the two fronds sent me I find only two pairs of veins anastomosing at the margin. The veins end uniformly in elongate hydathodes.
ADDITIONS TO THE BORNEAN FERN FLORA.
285
Asplenium filiceps Copel. spec. nova.
Candice lignoso, 5 mm crasso, paleis lanceolatis apiculatis castaneis marginibus pallidioribus dense vestito; stipitibus confertis, ca. 10 cm longis, tenuibus, viridibus, nt lamina inferiore frondis sparse minnte squamulosis, squamulis pallide brnnneis ; fronde simplice 20-24 cm longa, 20-24 mm lata, utrinque angustata, angustissime longe candata, obscure •serrata, subcoriacea; venis liberis; soris vix ad costam et haud ad mar- ginem attingentibus, ca. 8 mm longis ; indnsiis albidis persistentibus.
Tringos (source of Sarawak river), leg. G. J. Brooks, No. 21.
This species is in the group of A. squamulatum Bl. which seems remarkably well represented in this region. It is nearest to A, Natunae Baker, from which it differs in margin and texture. It is the most caudate plant in the group.
Plagiogyria pycnophylla (Kze.) Mett. var. integra Copel. var. nova.
Marginibus integris, vix etiam ad apices pinnarum serrulatis, pinnis gracilibus.
Mount Bengkarum, near summit, leg. C. J. Brooks.
Polypodium Zippelii Bl.
Mount Bengkarum, leg. 0. J. Brooks, No. 33.
Apparently new to Borneo.
Dryostachyum ?
Mr. Brooks collected at the summit of Bengkarum a large fern which is what might be expected as a hybrid of Polypodium heracleum and Dryostachyum splendens, neither of which is known to occur in Borneo. Only a few segments are fertile; these are not at the apex and are not much contracted. The sori are composite, but not to the same degree as in Dryostachyum.
Lecanopteris pumila Bl.
Matang Mountain, July, 1908, leg. J. Dewitt.
This is the same fern as is found in Mindanao, and, though notably large, can hardly be other than that figured by Blume.
Vittaria longicoma Christ Ann. Jard. Buit. II 5 (1905) 129.
Sarawak River, near Tringos, altitude 400 m. leg. G. J. Brooks, No. 17.
The fronds reach at most a length of '55 cm, the palese are only 4 mm long, and the sori are interrupted, but I think it must be this species, known only from Borneo. The spores are reniform and the paraphyses have narrowly cyathiform heads. This is very near V. isoetifolia Bory, but longer, and the paleae are narrower, lesg toothed, and with a very long filiform apex.
Elaphoglossum petiolatum (Sw.) Urban.
Summit of Bengkarum, leg. G. J. Brooks, No. 30.
New to Borneo.
The Philippine Journal oe Science, C. Botany. Vol. V, No. 4, September, 1910.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
By E. D. Merrill and M. L. Merritt.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, and from the Bureau of Forestry, Manila, P. I.)
The entire northwestern part of Luzon, west of the Cagayan Valley, is high and mountainous, the region being essentially that of a cordillera or a series of cordilleras, in which the streams are deeply incised, haying sharp V-shaped valleys. The topography is generally that of youth, with here and there isolated table-lands, of which the Baguio plateau is the principal one. Above the general upland of from 1,200 to 1,600 m elevation a number of peaks arise, some of which attain an altitude of nearly ' 2,900 m. Mr. Eveland,1 in ■ discussing the -central cordillera,' considers it to be the master axis of Luzon, and probably one of the original tectonic axes of the Asiatic continent, formed by a wrinkling of the more plastic crust of the earth as the globe has contracted. In it the oldest of the Philippine rocks' are found, and on it all the agencies of construction and destruction have been at work since the Philippine Islands, as such, originated.
The geology of north-central Luzon is only incompletely known, but in general the region may be said to consist of a core of dioritic rock, overlying which is found a rather confused mass of eruptive rocks, in the main, andesites. On the flanks of this core, dipping east and west are Tertiary sediments, limestones, and shales, which may have once extended over the whole region in the form of a broad anticline. Speci- mens from rock outcropping on the summit of Mount Pulog proved to be andesite.
Dr. Warren D. Smith, of this Bureau, thinks that probably at the end of the Miocene, at the time of the great earth movements which took place all over the world, a period of ore deposition occurred in the Philippines. In the area under discussion there are two principal centers of ore deposi- tion, the copper deposits about Mancayan, northwest of Mount Pulog, and the gold deposits near Baguio. The later history of this part of
'This Journal 2 (1907) Gen. Sci. 217.
287
288
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
the country, from a geologic standpoint, has been more or less uneventful. No indications of glaciation have been found, so that we may infer that the climatic conditions have been essentially the same since the beginning of the Tertiary, or since these Islands emerged from the sea.
From this region the Agno Eiver flows southward through a deep and narrow valley until it reaches the plain of Pangasinan, where it spreads out, turns to the west and north, and flows into Lingayen Gulf. The Abra Eiver drains the west-central part of the region, flowing generally in a westerly direction and emptying into the China Sea at Yigan. The northern and northwestern parts are drained by smaller streams, while the eastern portions are drained by the tributaries of the Cagayan Eiver. This stream is the longest and largest in Luzon, flows northward and empties into the China Sea at Aparri, on the north coast of the island.
Between these main river systems is found the central cordillera of Luzon, the culminating peak of which is the high mountain known to all the local inhabitants, at least to those on the Benguet side, as Mount Pulog, or Pulag, as it is sometimes pronounced. It is situated in the northeastern part of Benguet subprovince, on the boundary between that subprovince and Nueva Vizcaya.
The government of this region is at present organized into what is known as .the Mountain Province, comprised of several subprovinces, some of which, like Benguet, have approximately the sahie geographical limits as defined on the Spanish maps o'f the region, while the boundaries of others have been more or less changed. The entire region is for the most part inhabited by non-Christian aborigines, subdivided into numerous tribes, each tribe speaking a different language or dialect. The Mountain Province comprises what is defined on the Spanish maps as Benguet, Lepanto, Bontoc, Abra, and parts of Nueva Vizcaya, as well as portions of other of the neighboring provinces. The physical characteristics and the flora of the greater part of this area are for most part quite uniform. In the present paper, for convenience, the area under discussion is des- ignated under the collective name Benguet-Lepanto region.
Mount Pulog, undoubtedly the highe'st peak in Luzon, and ranking in altitude next to Mount Apo, of southeastern Mindanao, among Philippine mountains, is situated at about 60 kilometers from the coast, on the central range, its approximate position being latitude N. 16° 30' 36" and longitude E. 120° 50' 20". The name and position of the mountain does not appear on any published map of the Philippines that we have been able to examine, and although it is by far the most prominent peak in the entire region, it seems to have been overlooked by the earlier ex- plorers. There are several reasons why the mountain so long escaped attention, one of the chief being that it is apparently in no place visible from the coastal plain of noxthern Luzon, on account of the high interven- ing coast range. Under favorable weather conditions it is probable that
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
289
the peak can be seen from certain places in the China Sea, as conversely the sea can be seen from the summit of the mountain in clear weather, but from such points it would he more or less confused by - the many neighboring peaks. The Agno Valley in earlier days was apparently the chief inland route of travel from Baguio northward. Owing, however, to the depth and narrowness of the. valley and the high mountains bordering both sides, the . mountain can be - seen in only a few places, notably in the vicinity of the little village of Adouay. From higher points in the vicinity of Baguio, the summer capital of the Philippines, Mount Pulog, when the weather is clear, is visible as a somewhat bald- looking peak at a distance of about 45 kilometers to the northeast, but much of the time it is enshrouded in clouds.
Magnificent views of the mountain are to be had, under favorable weather conditions, from a number of points on the mountain trail leading northward from Baguio along the range on the west side of the Agno Biver. Baguio, however, as a resort for Americans and Europeans, dates only from about the year 1902, and has only been easily accessible since 1905. During the period of Spanish occupation it is probable that the region north of Baguio was visited by only a limited number of white men, and it is also probable that the mountain trail leading northward from Baguio was used only to a limited extent by others than the Igorots. Under these conditions it is not surprising that the mountain so long escaped attention.
Various peaks in this mountainous region have, from time to time, been credited with the distinction of being the highest in northern Luzon, although popular opinion usually attributed that distinction to Mount Data, a peak nearly 600 m less in altitude, near the boundary between the subprovinces of Benguet and Lepanto, some miles to the north of Mount Pulog. Mount Data doubtless earned its reputation from the fact that the earlier explorers entered the region by the valley of the Abra Biver, and probably did not penetrate sufficiently far to the south to secure a view of the peaks beyond the Data range. The northern slopes of Mount Data, as seen from the Abra Valley, are very abrupt, and the mountain is certainly the most prominent one as seen from the western and more accessible parts of that region. During the Spanish dominion, moreover, several scientists and collectors, such as Bichard von Drasche, John Whitehead, and A. Loher, visited Mount Data, so that in a way the mountain became better known than the neighboring peaks.
Mount Pulog was observed by Dr. E. B. Copeland and E. D. Merrill in October, 1905, from the Agno Valley, near Adouay, and again in November of the same year from Pauai, on the range west of the Agno Biver. Doctor Copeland at the time expressed the opinion that the peak was the highest one in the region, but no instruments for making observa-
290
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
tions were at hand, and no opportunity was had at the time of the trip to make an ascent of the mountain.
The highest peak, then, escaped careful observation until January. 1907, when it was ascended by Mr. Charles Benson, a surveyor in the Bureau of Public Lands. Mr. Benson had charge of the execution of free patent surveys and a river and trail survey in the Mountain Province during the years 1906, 1907-, and 1908, and in Januarjq 1907, made the first ascent of Mount Pulog of which we have any record. Regarding this trip, the following is quoted from Mr. Benson’s report to Capt. Charles H. Sleeper, Director of Lands :
“On the 5th of January, 1907, we ascended Mount Pulog, 9,500 feet, and passed a night on its summit, the next morning having the delight and surprise of seeing over half an inch of ice on the pools of water just below the peak.”
Mr. Benson’s party erected a large tripod and flag on the highest peak, to serve as a triangulation station, and later observations on this point determined the altitude of the peak as 2,880 m (9,480 feet), or somewhat over 200 m higher than any other point in the region.
In Mr. Benson’s survey, distances were determined by the stadia method. Elevations were carried along the traverse lines by vertical angles. Elevations of prominent points were determined by vertical angles and triangulation methods from the stations of the traverse lines. The Agno River line was carried into the Mancayan-Suyoe mining region, and checked within 4 m in elevation with the line brought in from Candon by Mr. Goodman, formerly of the division of mines, Bureau of Science.
There appears therefore, to be little doubt but that Mount Pulog is the highest peal? not only in the region, but in Luzon, judging from Mr. Benson’s estimates, as well as from observations made by the Forestry Bureau party, and noted later: To Mr. Benson is due the credit of
making this fact known to geographers and to science in general. The first definite published information regarding the mountain is that contained in a short account of Mr. Benson’s trip, written by Dr. M. L. Miller, entitled “The Ascent of Mount Pulog.” 2
Whether or not there had been any previous ascent of Mount Pulog by white men, can not, of course, positively be stated, but careful inquiries made by the Forestry Bureau party of a number of natives living in the vicinity, elicited only the information that to their knowledge no white men, other than Mr. Benson and his party, had ever previously attempted to climb the mountain. According to reports of some of these Igorots,- a native officer of the Philippine Constabulary had once crossed the main ridge of the Pulog range very close, if not quite to the summit of the highest peak, some years previously while searching for some offenders. There is a well-defined and apparently considerably traveled trail leading
2 This Journal 3 (1908) Gen. Sci. 99, 100.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
291
from Benguet subprovince eastward over the Pulog range into ISTneva Vizcaya, passing through the upper village on the Benguet side, Ankiki, over the mountain to the small settlement known as Tinuk or Tinak, on the hTueva Vizcaya side. This trail passes through the summit grass lands immediately south of the main peak, at an altitude of less than 200 m below the top. It was the one followed by Mr. Benson’s party, and all succeeding ones that have made the ascent of the mountain.
The name “Pulog,” or “Pulag,” as nearly as could be learned from the Igorots living in the vicinity, signifies “falling off,” referring to the extremely steep and often precipitous sides of the mountain. Mr. Merritt also reports a current local superstition to the effect that the mountain was the place to which the spirits of departed Igorots went after death, but he was unable to secure any satisfactory confirmation that the belief was generally accepted.
The second ascent of Mount Pulog was made in January, 1909, the party, consisting of Messrs. H. M. Curran, M. L. Merritt, and T. C. Zsehokke, foresters in the Philippine Bureau of Forestry, accompanied by Maximo Eamos, botanical collector for the Bureau of Science, and 1ST. Penes and F. Madamba, student assistants, Bureau of Forestry. While this party was working in the vicinity of Baguio during the beginning of a field trip that had been undertaken for the purpose of determining the forest cover of northern Luzon, a copy of Mr. Benson’s map was secured, and the decision was at once made to attempt the ascent of Mount Pulog. It was believed that the mountain would command a good view of the entire surrounding region, and this belief subsequently proved to be true. This party spent from January 2 to 8 on the mountain. The third ascent was made by Dr. E. B. Copeland and Mr. E. D. Merrill, accompanied by several American school-teachers who had been attending the summer assembly at Baguio, including Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Baldridge. This party was on the mountain from May 11 to 13, 1909. The fourth ascent was made by Mr. E. C. McGregor, of the Bureau of Science, July 2 to 5, 1909. The mountain has since been ascended by Governor-General Forbes and party.
All parties made the start for the mountain from Lutab, a village situated on the east bank of the Agno Fiver. Lutab can be reached from Baguio by two routes, either by the trail leading to Ambuklao, there crossing the Agno Eiver, and leading northward through the towns of Bokod, Daklan, and Adouay, or by the Baguio-Cervantes trail, leading northward along the ridge west of the Agno Eiver, leaving this trail at Balangabang or at Pauai, and decending approximately 1,200 m to the Agno Eiver, crossing that stream at Adouay.
A short distance south of Lutab a fair Igorot trail is found leading from the river valley eastward up the steep slopes to the top of the first ridge, altitude approximately 1,300 m. The trail then follows the contour line
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to the east for a distance of between 4 and 5 kilometers, drops to a small stream at an altitude of about 1,170 m, and crosses this stream near the junction of two branches, one draining the west slope of Mount Pulog, the other draining the north or northwest slope. From this point the ascent is by a rapid rise, the slope up to an altitude of about 2,360 m being from 30° to 40°. The small Igorot settlement of Alam-am is found on this trail at an altitude of about 1,500 m, and above this the last settle- ment on the Benguet side, Ankiki, situated at an altitude of about 2,000 m (2,190 m according to Mr. Benson), at the upper limits of the pine forest. The trial leads steadily upward from Ankiki, but from here on it passes through the dense mossy forest instead of through open pine- forests and grass covered slopes that characterize the region below an altitude of 2,000 m. At an altitude of about 2,500 m the trail emerges from the mossy forest and passes into the summit grass lands, char- acterized by more gentle slopes, continues eastward and passes over the mountain immediately south of the highest peak.
. As noted above, Mr. Benson determined the altitude of the mountain to be 2,890 m. The Forestry Bureau party made a careful test for altitude by determining the boiling point of water. This was done several times, both at the extreme hop and at the camp, which was situated at some distance below the summit. At camp the boiling point of water was 91° C., and at the summit was between 90.1° and 90.2° C. This gives an altitude of about 2,889 m (9,507 feet) at the summit, practically the same as that determined by Mr. Benson by other methods. All other altitudes cited in this paper are from aneroid barometer readings.
The summit of Mount Pulog is doubtless subject to comparatively low temperatures. Mr. Benson records the fact that at the time of his visit, January, 1908, ice more than 1 cm in thickness formed at night at, his camp, a short distance below the summit. None of the other parties encountered ice, but the temperature was disagreeably cold, especially in misty or rainy weather and at night. Records made by the Forestry Bureau party, on the ascent, are as follows: Altitude 1,500 m, at night, 15.5° C; at 6 a. m., 16°; at 8.15 a. m., 18°: altitude 1,800 m, 9 a. m., 19° : altitude 2,250 m, 11.50 a. m., 15.5° : summit, altitude 2,890 m, 11.50 a. in., 10°, weather misty, and with a strong wind blowing.
Plate I shows the temperature registered at different times during the trip of the Forestry Bureau party. For convenience in observing the daily range of temperature, the records for each day have been con- nected with lines. From an examination of the chart (Plate I) it will be observed that the temperature on January 3, a wet, misty day, was practically the same at noon ah at midnight.
Mount Pulog, although situated in a region generally characterized by a heavy rainfall from June to November and by drier weather from January to April, is probably somewhat protected by the mountains to the west, and as a result possibly receives a lighter rainfall than does the
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
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coast range. There is, however, no direct evidence on this subject, and the deeply gullied slopes of the mountain bear evidence of torrential rains.
The following rather incomplete weather notes were taken by the Forestry Bureau party :
January 1.— -(Agno River). Dry; light clouds.
January 2.— (Agno River to 1,500 M). No rain; sky nearly clear all day; light mists and clouds after 5 p. m., and more or less all night.
January 3. — (1,500 m to summit). Alternately clear and misty in the fore- noon; continuous heavy mists after 10 a. m., and all night.
January 4. — (Summit). Mists all the forenoon; clouds breaking away in the afternoon; mists at night.
January 5. — ( Summit) . Clear all day.
January 6. — (Summit). Generally clear, with light clouds.
January 7. — (2,100 m). Fair weather; light clouds at times.
January 8. — (2,100 m to Agno River) . Clear weather.
The weather during the ascent in May, 1909, was similar to that noted above, but one afternoon rather heavy rain, with considerable wind, was experienced. In July, Mr. McGregor experienced light showers the first day, the second and third days the summit was clear in the morning and more or less misty all day after about 9' a. m. In general, so far as observations made on such short trips are of value, the mountain seems to be clear in the morning, becoming enshrouded in clouds at about 9 a. m., and continuing more or less in this condition the remainder of the day.
The top of Mount Pulog is a high, rolling plateau, including perhaps between 1,500 and 2,500 hectares. Near the north-central part of this area a higher knoll rises about 250 m above the general level to form the extreme summit. From this grass-covered plateau the sides, which are covered with dense thickets, fall off abruptly, as a literal inter- pretation of the name “Pulog” implies. So steep are these slopes, in fact, that a collecting party sent out by the Forestry Bureau ex- pedition, although accustomed to all kinds of mountain climbing, was forced to turn back from one of the slopes, after descending to an altitude of about 1,800 m, the loose crumbling earth making further progress absolutely dangerous. Other slopes appeared to be quite similar to this one, except the one extending eastward toward the Agno Eiver, which is less steep.
In most places the soil is fairly deep, apparently formed for' the greater part by the rapid decomposition of rock in place. Outcropping ledges are the exception, although some low cliffs are to be found, and boulders are common in ravines and gullies. The rock formation, at •least of the summit, is andesite.
The view from the summit of Mount Pulog, which is uninterrupted in all directions, is probably unsurpassed in the Philippines. Directly to the north the distant view is obscured by the comparatively high peaks
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known as Aki, Bulbul, Natoo, Palugloko, and Panotoan, while in the distance is the eastward extension of the Polis Range, culminating in the high peak called Amuyao, distinctly visible to the northeast. Farther to the northeast the view is lost ip the hazy distance of the great Cagayan Valley. To the east a view is to be had of practically the entire Province of FTueva Vizcaya, limited to the south by the eastward extension of the central cordillera, the Caraballo Sur Mountains, and to the east by the distant coast range beyond the Cagayan Valley. In this view the Magat River and its larger tributaries are • prominent. To the south, besides the naturally prominent spurs of Mount Pulog itself, are to be seen a series of prominent peaks of the central cordillera, such as Libung, Palansa, Puadan, and Ugo. Beyond the valley of the Agno River the great plain of Pangasinan extends southward to Manila Bay, bounded on the extreme west by the Zambales range, and limited to the south only by the indistinct sea and the fairly distinct outlines of Mount Mariveles, about 200 kilometers distant; Mount Arayat in Pampanga Province is distinctly visible. The view somewhat to the southwest shows the distinct outlines of Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas) and Mount Idas, the location of Baguio, and the ranges and valleys inter- vening between Mount Tonglon and Mount Pulog; beyond is the Lin- gayen Gulf, and in the near view the impressive valley of the Agno River, the stream being visible only for a short distance, about 2,000 m below, near the village of Adouay. Directly to the west are the interior mountains of the coast range, the ridge averaging at least 1,700 m in height, the peaks in places reaching 2,250 m in altitude; especially prominent, is the high, broad ridge known as Pauai, with the still higher peak of Singakalsa a short distance to the north. To the northwest are the near mountains and ridges east of the Agno River, the more distant ones west of that stream, and still farther away the sharp peaks of the Malaya or Montserrat Range in Lepanto subprovince, south of Cervantes. At various places glimpses are to be had of the China Sea, but at no place to the west is the coastal plain of Luzon visible..
TYPES OE VEGETATION.
In the ascent of Mount Pulog four main types of vegetation are noted, the first three of which are characteristic of the entire Benguet- Lepanto region, the fourth being apparently entirely confined to Mount Pulog. The steep slopes leading up from the river are covered almost entirely with grass, although scattered broad-leaved shrubs and small trees axe found in the gullies and stream depressions; this grass- covered area extends to an altitude of about 1,200 m. The second formation encountered is an open forest belt in which the pine ( Pinus insidaris Endl.) is the characteristic tree, which extends upward to an altitude of about 2,200 m. The third formation, the mossy forest.
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extends from the upper limits of the pine region to an altitude varying from 2,500 m to 2,600 m. The fourth formation, the open, grass- covered summit, extends from the upper limits of the mossy forest to the top of the mountain. Mount Pulog is apparently the only peak in the entire region that has an area of grass land succeeding the mossy forest ; all the other peaks are forested to the summit.
Probably moisture and temperature are the two factors which exercise the greatest influence on the formation of these vegetative types. The dry slopes of the lower parts of the Agno Valley seem to be too low in altitude, and too warm for the growth of the pine, although it is doubtful if the moisture conditions differ to any appreciable extent from those in the pine belt above. Both the grassy region and the pine forest belt are characterized by steep slopes and dry, well-drained soil of fair depth.
At an altitude of about 2,000 m, which is above the general level of many of the mountain ranges of the region, there is a great increase in the humidity of the atmosphere. Observations made in January, May, and July, indicate that those portions of Mount Pulog and the other higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region above an altitude of about 2,000 m are frequently enshrouded in damp misty clouds and that at the above altitude rains are frequent when at the same time the air in the valleys at lower altitudes is entirely clear. No doubt this condition is due to the condensation of moisture on contact of the upper strata of the air with the higher and cooler peaks after the air has passed over the warmer hills and mountains below.
The moist condition of the air and consequently of the soil, com- bined with a somewhat lower temperature, favors the growth of hardwood trees, and while it is probably not unfavorable to the pine, for very scattered pine trees do occur both in the mossy forest and on the open grass-covered summit, the hardwoods crowd out the pines in the former habitat. The upper part of the mountain, above the present limits of the mossy forest, is higher than the neighboring mountain peaks and is subject to the full force of the wind; it may also be above the main cloud belt of the mountain, although this is uncertain, and can only be verified by continuous observation, for sometimes the summit is clouded when the mossy forest is clear, and vice versa. The exposed nature of the open peak, the unbroken sweep of the winds over its area, probably the lower average temperature, and probably some local differences in the distribution of moisture account for the absence of trees and shrubs on the upper parts of the mountain; it is possible, however, that the present limits of the summit grass lands may be due in part to fires that have been started from time to time by the natives. Mr. McGregor reports that a small area on the main peak had been burned over a short time before his visit to it in July, and
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traces of fires were observed by Mr. Curran. Tire almost continuous damp conditions prevailing on the summit would, however, seem to be opposed to any theory involving the occurrence of extensive grass fires as effecting the limits of the summit grass lands. Eh traces of fires have been observed in the mossy forest on other peaks- in .the region.
I. THE GRASS-COVERED LOWER SLOPES.
The steep slopes of the Agno Valley below an altitude of 1,200 m are characteristically grass covered, the prevailing species being Themeda triandra Forsk., intermixed with various other species, both finer and coarser, and with scattered herbaceous plants. In the more moist ravines and gullies a few broad-leaved shrubs and small trees occur, but the pine, which is characteristic of the entire Benguet-Lepanto region as a whole, is entirely wanting. This same condition is notice- able for a long distance southward along the Agno River, and for some distance northward until the river reaches an altitude of about 1,000 m, beyond which point the pine trees occur down to the river banks.
II. THE PINE REGION.
The pine region occupies the main bulk of the mountain slopes and extends over the summits of most peaks and ridges that do not attain an altitude of more than 2,000 m. In this area, which extends from an altitude varying from 1,000 to 1,200 m up to 2,000 m, or in places somewhat higher, depending somewhat on local conditions, the pine, Pinus insularis Endl., is the characteristic tree, forming an open parlc-like forest. The trees are almost invariably scattered, and it is only in favorable localities that they are close enough entirely to shade the ground. These pines are of moderate size, most of the trees ranging from 45 to 90 cm in diameter, and from 15 to 30 m in height, although in protected places they are larger. Generally the trees show the effect of storms, the tops of most of them being more or less shattered by the winds. On the open slopes the pine is practically the only tree to be found, but in the gullies and stream depressions throughout the altitudinal dis- tribution of the pine, broad-leaved trees and shrubs are quite common. Most of these trees and shrubs, at least in the lower parts of the pine region, are widely distributed species at low altitudes in the Philippines, but find favorable habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region only in gullies and stream depressions. Prominent among the trees and shrubs in these ravines are Piptwrus asper Wedd., Melicope luzonensis Engl., Bischo- fia javcmica - BL, Mallotus ricinoides Muell.-Arg., Axalyplia stipulacea Klotz , Ficus hauili Blanco, F. nota Merr., F. cumingii Miq., Premna odorata Blanco, Guioa perrottetii Radik., Pittosporum pentandrum Merr., Ehretia philippinensis DC., and Bandia wallichii Hook. f. At higher altitudes in these ravines other arborescent species occur, such as Saurauia elegans F.-Vill., Vaccinium benguetense Vid., Itea macrophylla Wall.,
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
297
Wendlandia glabrata DC., and Deutzia pulclira Yid. Numerous species of herbaceous plants, ferns, etc., are also to be found in these ravines.
On the open slopes under the pine trees the ground cover is character- istically composed of grasses, the most prominent ones being Themeda. triandra Norsk., Miscanthus sinensis Andr., RottboeTlia ophiuroides Benth., and various species of Andropogon (prominent in -the fall months). Next in abundance to the grasses is the common brake, Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn, while among other herbaceous plants, species belonging to the Compositae and Labiatae are most abundant. Small shrubs associated with the pines are Rubus fraxinifolius Poir., R. elmeri Pocke, R. ellipticus Sm., Rosa multiflora Tliunb., - Viburnum luzonicufn Rolfe, and Glochidion luzonense Elm.
Most of the above-mentioned plants have a considerable altitudinal range, but other characteristic ones are to be noted at various altitudes. For a short distance above and below 1,300 m, the pitcher plant. Nepenthes alata Blanco is common; at an altitude of about 1,600 m, the first tree- ferns, Cyathea contaminans Copel., are noted, as well as a thistle, Cirsium luzoniense Merr. Prominent among the herbaceous plants in various parts of this area are the ferns Balantium copelandii Christ, Dryopteris beddomei 0. Ktze., D. setigera O. Ktze., Odontosoria chinensis J. Sm., Drynaria rigida Bedd., and such flowering plants as Dianella ensifolia Bed., Lilium philippinense Bale., Aletris spicata Franch., Polygonum chinense L., Anemone vitifolia Ham., Kalanchoe spathulata DC., Des- modium sinuatum Bl., Osbeckia chinensis L., JEpilobium philippinense C. B. Bob., Buddleia asiatica Lour., Leucas mollissima Wall., Plectranthus diffmus Merr., Gdlamintha umbrosa Benth., Sopubia trifida Ham., Elephantopus mollis H. B. K., Ageratum conyzoides L., Solidago vir- gaurea L., Aster trinervius Roxb., Anaphalis adnata DC., A. contorta Hook, f., Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., G. japonicum Thunb., Spilanthes grandiflora Turcz., Emilia pinnatifida Merr., and Lactuca dentata C. B. Bob. The pine trees bear numerous specimens of various parasitic Loranthaceae of the genera Loranthus and Viscum.
On the open slopes the dividing line between the pine region and the mossy forest is comparatively sharply defined, but in the ravines a number of characteristic constituent species of the latter formation extend down- ward for a greater or less distance; on the other hand, very few species characteristic of the pine region extend into the mossy forest, and those that are found there are apparently mostly casuals.
in. THE MOSSY FOREST.
On practically all the higher peaks and ridges in the Benguet-Lepanto region that reach an altitude of 2,000 m and above, is found a char- acteristic formation that is generally called the mossy forest. Considered as a whole this forest is made up of a dense stand of small, irregularly shaped trees, comprising numerous species, the ground, and trunks and
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brandies of the trees being covered with a profusion of mosses, scale- mosses, lichens, etc., while epiphytic ferns and orchids are tvery abundant. The larger trees in the lower part of this formation on Mount Pulog are sometimes 60 cm in diameter and from 13 to 30 m high, but most of them are smaller and shorter than this, and as a rule, grow progressively smaller and more stunted as altitude is gained. On’sharp ridges, exposed to the full force of the wind, the constituent species remaining approxi- mately the same, the plants become very much dwarfed and frequently much distorted, forming characteristic elfinwood. The trees are not of uniform size in any part of such forests, small ones being invariably crowded together between and under the larger ones.
On Mount Pulog this belt of mossy forest, extends from the upper limits of the pine region at an approximate altitude of 2,000 m, to an altitude varying from 2,500 to 2,600 m, according to the configuration of the open top ; on all other ridges and mountains in the Benguet-Lepanto region where this formation occurs, it apparently extends to the highest peaks, and this seems to be true of the other mountains of the Philippines, wherever the mossy forest is found, with the exception of some active volcanoes. Mount Haleon in Mindoro, however, has a well-defined heath formation, consisting of undershrubs and ferns intermixed with grasses at an altitude of about 2,400 m, but this is succeeded by a dense mossy forest or elfinwood that extends to the summit of the mountain.
On Mount Pulog, at least at' certain seasons, when viewed from the open mountain top, this mossy forest presents a peculiar grayish shade, caused by the color of the leaves of leptospermum fiavescens Sm., and by the fact that the ultimate branches of nearly all the trees are bare and exposed, due to the effect of the prevailng winds ; the presence of certain species of lichens in considerable quantities on the branches of the trees accentuates the prevalent grayish tinge of the vegetative type.
In this formation the prevalent upper story or larger growing trees are Eugenia acrophila C. B. Rob., Leptospermum fiavescens Sm., Podo- carpus imbricatus Bl., Quercus spp., Sympiocos spp., Eurya spp., Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana Pilg., and N&olitsea macrocarpa Merr. Lepto- spermum fiavescens Sm. is the largest tree in the area, but in the upper limits it becomes much dwarfed and here hardly exceeds 10 m in height. All have much-branched, spreading, scraggly habits of growth, there being practically no large, straight-boled trees in the forest.
The most common constituents of the undergrowth or second story trees and shrubs are Debregeasia longifolia WedcL, Berberis barandana Yid., Drimys piperita Hook, f., Hydrangea lobbii Max., Polyosma pliilip- pinensis Merr., Pittosporum resiniferum Hemsl., Rubus copelandii Merr., Evodia reticulata Merr., E. dubia Merr.,. Sldmmia japonica Thunb., . Glochidion 'merrillii C. B. Rob., Ilex crenata Thunb., Perrottetia alpestris Loesen., Daphne luzonica C. B. Rob., Medinilla spp., Aralia hypoleuca
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Presl, Sciiefflera spp., Clethra luzonica Merr., Diplycosia luzonica Merr., Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, Vaccinium spp., Ardisia spp., Disco- calyx philippinensis Mez, Lbheria bracteata Merr., Rapanea philippinen- sis Mez, and Psychotria spp. .
A considerable number of herbaceous plants are noted, such, as Viola toppingii Elm., Begonia merrittii Merr., Ellisiopliyllum pinnatum Ma- kino, Peracarpa luzonica Rolfe, Rubus pectinellus Max., Boenninghau- senia albiflora Reichb., Sarcopyramis delicata C. B. Rob., Coleus spp., Hemiphragma heteropliyllum Wall., Galium, gaudichaudii DC., Gynura macgregorii Merr., Benecio luzoniensis Merr., Myriactis humilis Merr., Veronica monantha Merr., and others; among the grasses are Agrostis elmeri Merr., Aniselytron agrostoides Merr., and some species of Isachne, and among the Cyperaceae a number of species of Carex. Nearly all the mosses and scale-mosses listed in the following enumeration, as well as the majority of the ferns and nearly all the orchids are from the mossy forest.
The upper limits of the mossy forest are sharply defined from the summit grass lands, beingi bordered by a very dense thicket consisting mostly of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, Eurya spp., Bymplocos sp., Daphne luzonica -C. B. Rob., and especially a dwarfed bamboo, Arun- dinaria niitalcayamensis Hayata, the last often forming pure stands.
• IV. THE SUMMIT GKASS HANDS.
So far as is known Mount Pulog is the only mountain in the Philip- pines that presents above the mossy forest a well-defined grass-covered area; in this character it differs remarkably from all the neighbor- ing mountains and high ridges. Above an altitude varying from 2,500 to 2,600 m practically the entire top of the mountain is -a large meadow. The soil is apparently deep and fertile, and rock outcrops are not numerous or extensive. An examination of one of the valleys showed an excellent sandy- loam soil at least 30 cm in depth, and a bolo thrust into the ground below this gave no sign of underlying rock. • Although the soil has every evidence of fertility, the Igorots state that no cultivation has ever been attempted in this . region.
A very few scattered pine trees, Pinus insularis E-ndl., comprise the entire arborescent flora of this area, while shrubs are apparently confined to scattered individuals of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, growing usually near rock outcrops.
The turf covering this area is composed of a considerable number of grasses and sedges, intermixed with a few herbaceous plants, and this flora, from a scientific standpoint, is perhaps the most interesting one on the mountain. Among the grasses to be noted are the com- paratively coarse, widely distributed and here much dwarfed Miscantlius sinensis Andr., with the finer species, Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr.,
96832 3
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MERRILL AND MERRITT.
Calamagrostis filifolia Merr., Deschampsia flexuosa Trin., the last two being perhaps the predominant- species in the formation, while much reduced specimens of Arundinaria niitalcayamensis Hayata, a dwarfed bamboo, are to be noted, especially near the borders of the mossy forest. Cyperaceae are represented b y Scirpm pulogensis Merr., Garex ram capil- acea Boott, 0. tristachya pocilliformis Kiikenth., and Uncinia rupestris Baoul. Other plants 'are Luzula effusa Buch., Sagina procumbens L., Smilax pygmaea Merr., Ranunculus philippinensis Merr. & Eolfe, Halorrhagis micrantha E. Br., Anaphalis contorta Hook, f., and Gentiana luzoriiensis Merr. Below is given a list of all the species collected in the summit grass lands, 37 in number, excepting the few mosses, scale mosses, and lichens.
Peranema luzonica Copel.; on ledges.
Polystichum auriculatum Presl ; on ledges.
Currania gracilipes Copel. ; on ledges.
Asplenium stantoni Copel. ; on ledges.
Plagiogyria nana Copel. ; on ledges.
Pinus insularis Endl. ; very scattered.
Miscanthus sinensis Andr. ; abundant.
Isachne pangerangensis var. halconensis Hack. ; rare.
Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr. ; fairly abundant.
Calamagrostis filifolia Merr. ; very abundant.
Deschampsia flexuosa Trin. ; abundant.
Monostachya centrolepidoides Merr. ; rare.
Arundinaria niitalcayamensis Hayata; abundant locally.
Scirpus pulogensis Merr. ; abundant.
Schoenus apogon E. & S. ; rare.
Schoenus axillaris Poir. ; rare.
Gahnia javanica Mpritzi; only near the borders of the mossy forest.
Uncinia rupestris var. capillacea Kiikenth. ; rare.
Carex rara.subsp. capillacea Boett; rather common.
Carex tristachya var. pocilliformis Kiikenth. ; rather common.
Eriocaulon depauperatum Merr. ; in seepage pools, shallow wat^r.
Luzula effusa Buchenau; only near rock outcroppings.
Smilax pygmaea Merr. ; abundant locally. ■
Chamabainia cuspidata Wight; apparently rare.
Sagina procumbens Linn. ; apparently rare.
Eanunculus philippinensis Merr. & Eolfe ; in depressions only.
Hypericum pulogense Merr. ; abundant locally.
Viola toppingii Elm. ; in depressions only.
Halorrhagis micrantha E. Br. ; carpeting the Igorot footpath. '
Ehododendron subsessile Eendle; near rock outcro'ppings only.
Vaccinium villarii Vid. ; near rock outcroppings.
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Gentiana luzoniensis Merr. ; scattered, prominent only when the sun is ' shining, the flowers being then open.
Wahlenbergia bivalvis Merr. ; apparently not abundant.
Myriactis humilis Merr. ; only near rock outcroppings.
Anaphalis contorta Hook. f. ; scattered.
Cirsium luzoniense Merr. ; scattered.
A total of 37 species on an area of 2,000- hectares is a decidedly poor flora. It is probable that the above list represents practically all the species represented in the summit grass lands, at least those that produce flowers during the first six months of the year. About 25 of the total number represent northern or Asiatic types, while associated •with these are several species that manifestly represent Australasian types, Schomus apogon , S. axillaris, Uncinia, Ranunculus, and Halor- rhagis. But a single species, Isachne pangerangensis can be considered as a Malayan type.
Table showing the families and the number of genera, species, etc., of the Pulog flora.
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Table showing the families and the number of genera, species, etc., of the Pulog flora — Continued.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
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Table shouting the families and the number of genera, species, etc., of the Pulog flora — Continued.
In the above table representatives of 357 genera and 528 species are considered, of which 17 species are undoubtedly introduced plants in the Philippines. Endemic genera are represented by Merrilliobryum, Gur- rania, Aniselytron , Monostachya , Cleistoloranthm, Loheria, and Merrittia, four being proposed in the following enumeration. Endemic species amount to 224, or about 42 per cent of the whole, approximately the same percentage of endemism as is found on Mount Mariveles in the Province of Bataan, Luzon.
The flora of the Benguet-Lepanto region, in the area approximately limited by the regional distribution of Pinus insularis Endl., is quite different from that of the remainder of the Philippines and is essentially Asiatic rather than Malayan. In this region are to be found most of the strictly continental and boreal types of plants that occur in the Philippines, and a great number of these northern types are not found on even the highest mountains south of Benguet. In this same region many genera, characteristic of the Malayan flora as a whole, are unrepre- sented, although more or less abundantly distributed in other parts of the Archipelago. Representatives of 81 genera are found on Mount Pulog alone that for the most part are widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto
304
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region,- but which have as jet have no known representatives in other parts of the Philippines. The number of species present on Mount Pulog that are confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region, so far as their Philippine distribution is concerned, is 251, or nearly 50 per cent of the: total number considered in the following enumeration.
The flora of Mount Mariveles 3 in the Province of Bataan, Luzon, a much lower peak than Mount Pulog, and situated at about 200 kilometers south of the latter mountain, and of Mount Halcon,4 Mindoro, ranking among the higher peaks in the Philippines, and situated at approximately 350 kilometers south of Mount Pulog, and on another island, have been somewhat investigated, and data regarding the vegetation of the two have been compiled, so that a rough comparison between the floras of the three peaks is possible. In making this comparison, however, it should be borne in mind that in the case of both Mount Mariveles and Mount Halcon many species from the lower slopes are included, and in the case of the former, all the plants known from a certain area extending from sea level to the summit of the’ highest peak are considered ; in the case of Mount Pulog, situated as it is in an elevated region, many of the widely distributed species characteristic , of the low country are naturally eliminated, and nothing can be considered below an altitude of about 1,000 m.
On Mount Halcon, considering only the phanerogams and vascular .cryptogams, representatives of 28 families, 158 genera, and 530 species were found; that have not been seen on Mount Pulog, and vice versa, 27 families, 176 genera, and about 380 species are found on Mount Pulog that have not been found on Mount Halcon. Only 67 species of 58 genera are common to both Mount Halcon and Mount Pulog, and a high percentage of these are widely distributed on most of the higher mountains of the Archipelago, and many of them extend to other mountains in the Malayan region outside of the Philippines.
In the case of Mount Mariveles, the comparison’ results approximately the same; of the 587 genera and 1,117 species recorded from the Lamao Porest Eeserve, only about 80 species, representing nearly that number of genera, have also been found on Mount Pulog.
The evidence at hand seems to show that the flora of the mountains in the central and southern Philippines is essentially Malayan, while that of the mountains in the Benguet-Lepanto region is very decidedly Asiatic, containing a great number of Himalayan types, and presenting the limits of the southeastern extension of the Himalayan flora.
The dominant and characteristic species of the Benguet-Lepanto region is the pine, Pinus insularis Endl., a species * very closely allied to and
3 This Journal 1 ( 190,6) Suppl. 1-141.
*L. c. 2 '(1907) Botany 251-309.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
305
perhaps not really specifically distinct from Pinus khasya Royle, of the 'mountains of Khasia, Chittagong, and Burma. In the Philippines. Pinus insularis Endl. is widely distributed in the present Mountain Province, extending northward from southern Benguet through Lepanto, Bontoc, and Abra subprovince as well as parts of Iloeos Norte and somewhat eastward into Nueva Vizcaya, a homogeneous area; an isolated and restricted area is found in the mountains of Zambales Province, Luzon, while the allied species, Pinus merkusii DeVr., is found also in Zambales Province and in western Mindoro. So far as our general collections from Zambales and the pine region of Mindoro show, at least some of the other species, associated with the pine in the Benguet- Lepanto region are also found in these two localities. As a rule, however, the species so characteristic of the Benguet-Lepanto region are not found south of the mountains limiting the southern boundary of Benguet. Occasional ones, such as Pinus insularis Endl., Deutzia pulchra Vid., Microlaena stipoides R. Br., Sageretia theezans Brongn., Senecio luzo- niensis Merr., and Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne, are found also on the higher mountains of the Zambales range, while others, such as Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana Pilg., Oirsium luzoniense Merr., Ainsliaea re- flexa Merr., etc., extend still farther southward to Mount Banajao ; still others are found on Mount Halcon, Mindoro, including Drosera peltata Sm., Vaccinium barandanum Vid., Ainsliaea reflexa Merr., Isachne pan- gerangensis Z. & M., and Arundinaria niitakayamensis Havata. This southern range is not surprising when it is considered that the altitudes of all of the mountains discussed approximate that of the average peaks in the Benguet-Lepanto region. Moreover the Zambales range, although separated from the central cordillera by the Pangasinan-Pampanga plain, is distinctly visible from the higher peaks of Benguet, even from such distant ones as Pulog, while the central cordillera forms a nearly complete connecting chain with Mount Banajao. The absence of the majority of the characteristic species of the Benguet-Lepanto region from peaks of approximately the same altitude situated farther to the south, is probably largely due to unfavorable climatic conditions, such as relatively higher temperatures, differences in exposure, rainfall, humid- ity, etc., and also to the fact that on these southern mountains, at least on their more tropical lower and medium slopes, the struggle for existence among the various species is much greater than in the elevated comparatively temperate Benguet-Lepanto region.
The Benguet-Lepanto region, as intimated above, is characterized by a great number of species that must be considered as of continental or Asiatic origin, rather than as Malayan types. Some data regarding the northern element in the Philippine flora have previously been published,5
5 This Journal 1 (1906) Suppl, 174-17.7.
306
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
and in the following enumeration of what are considered to be northern types in the Pulog flora, those species previously considered are not discussed except where additional data have been secured. ProAinent among the northern types found on Mount Pulog are the following 112 species : Peranema luzonica Copel., the only other species in the genus from the mountains of India and western China, Dennstaedtia scabra Moore, India and China, Athyrium anisopteron Christ, southern China, A. drepanopteron A. Br., Japan to northern India, Woodwardia radicans Sm., Adiantum edgeworthii Hook., India and China, Taxus baccata subsp. wallicliiana Pilg., Pinus insularis Endl., Pollinia qUadrinervis Hack., Arthraxon ciliaris Beauv., A. microphyllus Hochst., Arundinella setosa Trim, Panicum villosum Lam., Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr., Aristida cumingiana Trim, Agrosiis elmeri Merr., Aniselytron agrostoides Merr., a new genus and species with northern affinities, Galamagrostis .filifolia Merr., Deschampsia flexuosa Trim, widely distributed in the north temperate zone, Monostachya centrolepidoides Merr., a new genus and species with entirely northern affinities, Bracliy podium sylvaticum Beauv., Arwidinaria nitialcayamensis Hayata, previously known only from Formosa, Scirpus pulog ensis Merr., closely allied to 8. pauciflorus Lightf., of Europe and northern Asia, Garex, 9 species, including C. breviculmis .suhsp. royleana iSTees, India to Japan and Formosa, 0. rara Boott, and C. tristachya Thunb., Japan to China and Formosa, Erio- caulon depauperatum Merr., closely allied to a Himalayan species, Luzula effusa Buchenau, eastern Himalaya and southern China, Lilium philip- pinense Bak., also found in Formosa, Disporum luzoniense Merr. (D. pullum of previous list), Ophiopogon japonicus Ker, Aletris spicata Franch., Smilax china L., 8. pygmaea Merr., very closely allied to a Japanese species, Lecanthus peduncularis Wedd., India to China, Chama- bainia cuspidata Wight, Arenaria serpyllifolia Linn., widely distributed in temperate regions, Sagina procumbens Linn., range of the preceding. Anemone vitifolia Ham., Himalayan region to Formosa, Ranunculus philip pinensis Merr. & Bolfe., Berb'eris barandana Vid., Gardamine regeliana Miq., Sedum australe Merr., Astilbe philippinensis Henry, Deutzia pulchra Vid., Itea macrophylltt, Wall., Rosa multiflora Thunb., Fragaria indica Andr., Rubus ellipticus Sm., R. pectinellus Maxim., . Shuieria vestita W. & A., Indigofera nigrescens Ivurz, Khasia to China, Boenninghausenia albiflora Beichb., STcimmia japonica Th-unb., Goriaria intermedia Mats., Pistacia luzoniensis Merr. & Bolfe, allied to Asiatic species. Ilex crenata Thunb., China and J apan, Sageretia theezans Brongm, Rhaninus pulogensis Merr., closely allied to Asiatic species, Hypericum pulogense Merr., allied to Chinese forms, Viola toppingii Elm., allied to Himalayan forms, Daphne luzonica C. B. Bob., perhaps o'ecurring also in China, S ar copy r amis delicata C. B. Bob., Epilobium
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
307
philippinense C. B. Bob., allied to- a Himalayan species, Lysimachia ramosa Wall,, Gentiana luzoniensis Mcrr., Swertia decurrens C. B. Bob., allied to Asiatic forms, Sarcostemma brunonianum W. & A., India and Ceylon, Cynoglossum furcatum Wall., India to Japan, Scutellaria luzo- nica Bolfe, Leucas mollissima Wall., India to Formosa, Plectranthus diffusus Merr., Calamintha umbrosa Benth., eastern Europe to India, China, and Japan, ILemiphragma heterophyllum Wall., Himalayan region to Formosa, Veronica monantha Merr., the genus mostly in the north temperate zone, Sopubia trifida Ham., Euphrasia borneensis Stapf, Ellisiophyllum pinnatum Makino, mountains of India to Japan and Formosa, Rungia parviflora Nees, India to China, Galium spp., Lonicera relideri Merr., Viburnum luzonicum Bolfe, V. odoratissimum Ker, Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne, India and Ceylon, Peracarpa luzo- nica Bolfe, Ethulia conyzoides L., Eupatorium benguetense C. B. Bob., allied to Chinese forms, Solidago virgaurea Linn., Myriactis humilis Merr., Aster philip pinensis Moore, Anaphalis adnata DC., and A. con- torta Hook, f., mountains of India and China, Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., India to Japan, Carpesium cernuum L., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Manchuria to Formosa, Senecio confusus Elm., S', luzoniensis Merr., Cirsium luzoniense Merr., Ainsliaea reflexa Merr., Sonchus arvensis Linn., and Lactuca dentata C. B. Bob., Japan to China and Formosa.
The cellular cryptogams show the same floristie relationships as do the vascular cryptogams and phanerogams, as evidenced by the known distribution of Schisma siklcimense Steph., Pogonatum miscrostomum B. Br., Pilotrichopsis dentata Besch., Meteorium helviinthocladum Fleisch., Leptohymenium tenue Schwaegr., and Plagiothecium necke- roideum Bryol. eur. About one-fifth of the total number of species found -on Mount Pulog show northern affinities, and very few of these northern types are found in the Philippines south of the Benguet- Lepanto region.
The Australasian element in the Pulog flora, although not represented by a great number of species, presents several of special interest, and it is at least a peculiar state of geographical distribution to. find here, associated with Himalayan types,' a considerable number that must be considered characteristic of the Australasian flora. Prominent among these are Paesia luzonica Christ, allied to a species from New Caledonia, Blechnum fraseri'Y ar. philippinense Copel., the species in New Zealand, Microlaena tstipoides B. Br., the genus otherwise unknown from north of Australia, Carex graeffeana Boeckl., also in Fiji, Kyllinga intermedia B. Br., Formosa, Australia, and Fiji, Schoenus' apogon B. &. S., and S. axillaris Poir., the latter now for the first time reported from north of Australia, Uncinia rupestris Baoul, the first representative of the genus to be found north of the equator in the eastern hemisphere, and
308
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
identical with, a New Zealand form, Dianella caerulea Sims, New Guinea and Australia, Clematis macgregorii Merr., allied to forms found in Australia and southeastern Malaya, Halorrhagis micrantha E. Br., Leptosperinum flavescens Sm., ' and Drimys piperita Hook, f., representa- tives of typical Australasian genera, Euphrasia borneensis Stapf, Veronica monantha Merr., and Ranunculus pliilippinensis Merr. & Bolfe, although representing genera characteristic of the north temperate zone, still in the case of all three species most closely ' allied to Australian and New Zealand forms, Galium gaudichaudii DC., and Spilan-thes grandvjlora Turcz.
This Australasian element can be divided into two categories, the... first representatives of genera or groups that manifestly have developed in Australia, being characteristic of that continent, and that have mi- grated northward, and the second those that manifestly have reached their greatest development in the northern hemisphere, and that haye migrated to Australia through Malaya. Manifestly a large part of the flora of northeastern Australia is of Malayan origin, and any theory of geographic distribution that would account for the presence of these Malayan plants in Australia must likewise provide for a migration of Australian types northward; the intermigrations between the two floras undoubtedly took place at approximately the same time. The majority of the Australasian types mentioned above as occurring on Mount Pulog belong in the second category, that is, to groups that have reached their greatest develppment in the north temperate zone, but Microlama, Schoenus, Uncinia, Drimys, Leptospermum, and Halorrhagis, manifestly must be referred to the second category. In other parts of the Philippines we have other representatives of these strictly Australian types, such as Centrolepis philippinensis Merr., Thysanotus chinensis Benth Asca- rina philippinensis C. B. Bob., Patersonia lowii Stapf, Phrygilanthus obtusifolius Merr., Acacia confusa Merr., Stackhousia intermedia Bailey, Pimelea sp. nov.. Didiscus sgniculaefolius Merr., Leucopogon suaveolens Hook, f., Calogyne pilosa E. Br., Stylidium alsihoides E. Br., and Euca- lyptus naudiniana P. Muell.
Somewhat over 100 species are more or less widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan region, and generally also of wide distribution in the Philippines. Evidences of, special alliances between the flora of Mount Pulog and that of other parts of Malaya are slight. So far as our collections and observations show, such characteristic families as Palmae, Pandanaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae .are unrepresented on Mount Pulog, yet all of these are strongly developed as regards species in other parts of the Philippines and. throughout Malaya in general ; scores of charac-
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
309
teristic Malayan genera which are represented in other parts of the Philippines with from one to many species have not been fonnd on Mount Pulog.
The material on which the present paper is based was for the most part collected by Messrs. H. M. Curran, M. L. Merritt, and T. C. Zschokke, of the Bureau of Forestry, in January, 1909, supplemented by smaller collections made by Mr. E. D. Merrill and Dr. E. B. Copeland in May, 1909, and by those made by Mr. B. C. McGregor in July, 1909. No previous botanical collections were ever made on the mountain.
In the following enumeration the mosses have been identified by Dr. Y. F. Brotherus,' of Helsingfors, Finland; the scale-mosses by Herr F. Stephani, Leipzig, Germany; the pteridophyta by Dr. E. B. Copeland, Los Banos, Luzon; Oarex and Uncinia by Rev. G. Kukenthal, Coburg, Germany; Orchidaceae by Mr. Oakes Ames, North Easton, Massachusetts, IJ. S. A. Some of the Gmmineae have been "examined by Dr. E. Hackel, Attersee, Austria, and Dr. C. B. Robinson, of this office, has identified the Myrtaceae, some of the Euphorbiaceae/: and the Urticaceae. Dr. Warren D. Smith, chief of the division of mines, Bureau of Science, has kindly supplied the data regarding the geology of the Benguet-Lepanto region. To the above gentlemen the authors are under obligations for assistance supplied. ■' ’'.Euless otherwise stated in the text, the other identificatioris are by E. D. Merrill.
Material from Mount Pulog as yet unidentified and hence not con- sidered in this paper comprises rather an extensive collection of lichens, a considerable number of scale-mosses collected by Mr. McGregor, a few mosses, and- a small collection of fungi, .principally Polyporaceae. Many of the data used in the introduction are taken from notes compiled by the Forestry Bureau party, and much of the success of that party was due to the energy and ability displayed by Mr. Curran, to whom great credit is due for the successful termination of the first- comprehensive exploration of Mount Pulog.
The photographs used in illustrating this paper were taken by Mr. Merritt, while the authors are under obligations to Major G. P. Ahern, Director of Forestry, for the preparation of the map, which has been com- piled from surveys made by Mr. Benson and by Messrs. Curran, Merritt, and Zschokke.
In the following systematic enumeration the material secured by Messrs. Curran, Merritt, and Zschokke, distributed in the Forestry Bureau series, has for brevity been cited as “C. M. Z.” The material collected by Mr. McGregor forms a part of the Bureau of Science series.
The systematic enumeration is by E. D. Merrill.
31Q
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
BRYOPHYTA.
HEPATICiE.
MARCHANTIACEAL6
MARCHANTIA (L.) Raddi.
1. M. geminata Nees.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16392.
India, Java, Sumatra.
JUNGERMANNIACEAP
JAMESON I ELLA (Spruce) Steph.
1. J. flexicaulis Nees.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6404, 6421, 6419.
Java, Borneo. •
2. J. ovifolia Schiffn.
In the mossy forest, 0. M. Z. 16385.
Ceylon through Malaya to Eiji and Hawaii.
ANASTROPHYLLUM Steph.
1. A. sp. nov. fide Stephani.
Mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, Merrill 6403.
PLAGIOCH ILA Bum.
1. P. vittata Steph. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 3 (1903) 596. In the mossy- forest, Merrill 6406.
Endemic.
LOPHOCOLEA Dum.
1. L. hasskarliana Gott.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16384a. Java.
CkANDONANTHUS Mitt.
1. C. fragillimus Steph.
In the mossy forest or summit grass lands, G. M. Z. 16389.
2. C. hirtellus Mitt.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6401a.
Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya and Polynesia.
SCHISMA Nees.
1. S. sikkimense Steph.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6408, 6415.
2. S. wichurae Steph.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16429.
LEPICOLEA Dum.
1. L. scolopendra (Hook.) Dum.
In -the mossy forest, Merrill 6409.
6 Identifications by Herr F. Stephani, Leipzig, Germany.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
311
MASTIGOPHORA Nees.
1. M. diclados Endl.
In the mossy forest, abundant, 0. M. Z. 16386. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to Samoa.
SCH 1STOCH I LA Dum.
1. S. sumatrana Steph.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16387, 18384 ■ Sumatra.
2, S. sp. nov. fide Stephani. '
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6413.
PLEUROZIA Dum.
1. P. gigantea (Web.) Lindb.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16388, 16390. Tropical Africa, Ceylon, and Malaya.
FRULLANIA Raddi.
1. F. bilobulata Steph.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6416.
2. F. cordistipula Nees.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6407.
Java, Sumatra, Halmaheira, and Tahiti.
3. F. explicata Mont.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6405.
4. F. ornithocephala Nees.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6412, 6420, 6641- Burma, Java, and Amboina.
5. F. pacifica Tayl.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16430 pp.
6. F. philippinensis Steph.
Mixed with the preceding.
Endemic.
7. F. sp. nov. fide Stephani.
In the mossy forest and on dwarfed bamboo (Arundinaria) , Merrill 6414j 6418.
BRACHIOLEJEUNEA Spruce.
1. B. repleta Tayl.
Mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, Merrill 6410.
MUSCI.7
SPHAGNACEiE.
SPHAGNUM (Dill.) Ehrh.
1. S. junghuhnianum Doz. & Molk.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, C. M. Z. 16421.
Higher mountains of Luzon; Sikkim and Khasia to Java, Batjan, and Celebes.
7 Compiled from Brotherus’ “Contributions to the Bryological Flora of the Philippines, III,” supra, 137-162.
312
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
DICRANACEiE.
CERATODON Brid.
1. C. stenocarpus Byrol. eur.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16408, 16422.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Tropics of the world.
BRAUNFELSIA Par.
1. B. luzonensis Broth.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, G. M. Z. 16399.
Higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, Abra, and Zambales ; endemic.
CAMPYLOPUS Brid.
1. C. densinervis Broth.
On earth in ravines, altitude 1,940 to 2,660 m, C. M. Z. 16407, '16423.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
PILOPOGON Brid.
1. P. subexasperatus (C. Mull.) Broth.
Open grass lands of the summit, altitude about 2,800 m, C. M. Z. 16428. ■ Higher1 mountains of the Philippines; endemic.
FISSIDENTACE2E.
FISSIDENS Hedw.
1. F. pulogensis Broth.
On- trees, mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16396.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
ORTHOTRICHACEJE,
MACROMITRIUM Brid.
1. M. reinwardtii Schwaegr.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16431, Merrill 6398, 6400.
Higher mountains of the Philippines ; Java and Borneo to Tasmania and Tahiti.
2. M. sulcatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid.
Habitat not given, probably in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16424- Higher mountains of the Philippines; India, Ceylon, Malacca, and Borneo.
3. M. goniostomum Broth.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 6401.
Otherwise known only -from Pauai across the Agno River from Mount Pulog.
SCH LOTH El MIA Brid.
1. S. wallisii C. Mull.
In the .mossy forest above an altitude of 2,500' m, G. M. Z. 16397, 16414, 16415, McGregor 8907.
Higher mountains of Luzon; endemic.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
313
FUNARIACEiE.
FUN ARIA Schreb.
1. F. calvescens Schwaegr.
Habitat not given, probably in tbe pine region, McGregor 8911.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; temperate and tropical regions of the world.
BRYACEiE.
BRACHYMENIUM Schwaegr.
1. B. nepalense Hook.
Habitat not given, G. M. Z. 16482.
Mountains of Luzon; India to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
ANOMOBRYUM Schimp.
1. A. uncinifolium Broth.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,900 m, G. M. Z. 16411.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
BRYUM Dill.
1. B. ramosum (Hook.) Mitt.
Habitat not given, G. M. Z. 16398.
Mountains of India, Ceylon, Java, and Formosa.
MNIACEiE.
MNIUM (Dill.) Linn.
1. M.^rostratum Schrad.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,660 m, G. M. Z. 16402. Temperate and tropical regions of the World.
RHIZQGONIACEiE.
HYMENODON Hook. f. & Wils.
1. H. sericeus (D. &. M.) C. Miill.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16404- Java, Borneo.
BARTRAMIACEiE.
LEIOMELA (Mitt.) Broth.
1. L. javanica (Ren. & Card.) Broth.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, McGregor 8909. Java.
BREUTELI A Schimp,
1. B. merrillii Broth.
In the pine region, G. M. Z. 16 406.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepan to region.
314
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
POLYTRICHACEiE.
POGONATUM Palis.
1. P. microstomum R. Br.
In tlie pine region, altitude about 1,900 m, C. M. Z. 16411, McGregor 8908.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Himalayan region to Ceylon and Yunnan.
2. P. spurio-cirratum Broth.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16393, 16412, Merrill 6396.
Known only from the mountains of Luzon.
CRYPHAEACEiE.
PILOTRICHOPSIS Besch.
1. P. dentata (Mitt.) Besch.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8906.
Japan and Formosa. .
NECKERACEiE.
TRACHYLOMA Brid.
1. T. tahitense Besch.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 161/27.
Ceylon, Java, and Tahiti.
ENDOTRICHELLA C. Mull.
1. E. elegans (D. & M.) C. Mull.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8905.
Mountains of the Philippines; Burma to Java, Sumatra, and Celebes.
METEORIUM D. & M.
1. M. miquelianum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8910.
Ceylon through Malaya to New Guinea; also in Japan.
2. M. helminthocladum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6397.
China, Japan, and Formosa.
FLORI BUN DARIA C. Mull.
1. F. floribunda (D. & M.) Fleisch.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 161/19.
Tropical Asia to New Guinea and Polynesia.
CHRYSOCLADIUM Fleisch.
1. C. rufifolioides Broth.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8914- Known only from Mount Pulog.
CALYPTOTHECIUM Mitt.
1. C. macgregorii Broth.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8913.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
315
ENTODONTACEiE.
CLASTOBRYUM D. & M.
1. C. robustum Broth.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8912.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
FABRONIACEiE.
MERRILLIOBRYUM Broth.
1. M. philippinense Broth.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 161/32 pp.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
HOOKERIACEiE.
DALTON I A Hook. & Tayl.
1. D. revoluta Broth.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 161/05.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
LESKEACEvE.
THUIDIUM Bryol. eur.
1. T. casuarinum (0. Mull.) Jaeg.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, G. M. Z. 161/03.
Mountains of Luzon; endemic.
HYPNACE^E.
LEPTOHYMENIUM Schwaegr.
1. L. tenue (Hook.) Schwaegr.
In the upper pine region, or lower parts of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 161/25, 161/26.
Himalayan region, the Khasia Mountains, and Burma.
PLAGIOTH ECI U M Bryol. eur.
1. P. neckeroideum Bryol. eur.
In. the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m,. G. M. Z. 16382.
Switzerland, Austria, Himalayan region, and Japan.
PTERIDOPHYTA.8
HYMENQPHYLLACEiE.
TRICHOMANES Linn.
1. T. sp.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, G. M. Z. 16318. “New, at least to the Philippines” Copeland.
8 Identifications by Dr. E. B. Copeland, College of Agriculture, Los Banos, Province of Laguna, Luzon.
96832 4
316
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
HYMENOPHYLLUM Sm.
1. H. australe Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1810) 527.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, C. M. Z. 16317, Copeland.
Widely distributed on the mountains of the Philippines; India through Malaya to Australia, and Polynesia.
2. H. discosum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 140.
Widely distributed in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,500 m, Merrill 6386, 6374, Copeland.
Known only from the mountains of the Philippines.
3. H. paniculiflorum Presl Hymen. (1843) 32, 55.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, Merrill 6373, C. M. Z. 16316, Copeland:
Widely distributed in the Philippines; Malaya.
CYATHEACEJE.
BALANTIUM Kaulf.
1. B. copeland i Christ ex Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 301.
On steep pine slopes, altitude about 1,600 m, C. M. Z. 16260.
Mountains of Luzon and Negros ; endemic.
CYATHEA Sm.
1. C. contaminans (Wall.) Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 60.
In the mossy forest and upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16320, 18136.
Widely distributed at medium and higher altitudes in the Philippines; India to Malaya.
2. C. fuliginosa (Christ) Copel. 1. c. 43.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 18041, Merrill 6385. Known only from similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
POLYPODIACEJE.
DIACALPE Bl.
1. D. aspidioides Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 241.
In the upper pine region and in the mossy fprest, Merrill 6384, McGregor 8898. Higher mountains of northern and central Luzon ; India to Malaya.
PERANEMA Don.
1. P. luzonica Copel. in 'Philip. Journ. Sci; 4 (1909) Bot. 111.
In the upper parts of the mossy forest and on outcroppings of ledges in the summit grass lands, C. M. Z. 16280, Merrill -6367, Copeland 2307.
Known only from Mount Pulog, the only other known species of the genus, P. cyatheoides Don, confined to India and western China.
DRYOPTERIS Adans.
1. D. beddomei (Baker) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 812; Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 208.
Abundant in the upper pine region ascending to an altitude of about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16249.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to southern China and Malaya.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
317
2. D. brurmea (Wall.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 255; Christ 1. e. 214.
In the mossy forest and also in ravines in the summit grass lands, ascending to an altitude of 2,700 m, C. M. Z. 16279, identification after Christ.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to China, Japan, and Malaya.-
3. D. cucullata (Bl.) Christ in Philip. Journ. Sen 2 (1907) Bot. 194.
Habitat and altitude not given, probably in the lower pine region, O. M. Z.
16244-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; Malaya to the Seychelles.
4. D. fil ix mas (L.) . Schott var. parallelogramma (Kuntze) Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 212.
In the mossy forest ascending to at least 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16247, Copeland.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions.
5. D. gracilescens (Bl.) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 812.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, G. M. Z. 16248.
In the Philippines known only from Benguet; Japan to China, northern India, and Java. 1
6. D. heleopteroides Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 212.
On rocks in stream depressions, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16250.
Known only from Benguet Province, Luzon.
7. D. hirtipes (Bl.) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 813.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, G. M. Z. 16278.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; northern India to China, Malaya, and Polynesia.
8. D. luerssenii (Harr.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 276.
Habitat and altitude not given, probably stream depressions in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16252, and a more dwarfed form, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16251, which is probably referable here.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; endemic.
9. D. setigera (Bl.) O. Ktze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 813; Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 215.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16309, 16253, representing two forms that future study may determine to be specifically distinct.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to Japan, south through Malaya to Australia and Polynesia.
In addition to the above nine species of this genus, four additional ones, at present unidentified, are represented by the following specimens : C. M. Z. 16245, 16246, both from an altitude of about 1,800 m, Copeland s. n., from the mossy forest at an altitude of about 2,750 m, probably representing an undeseribed form, and G. M. Z. 16277 from the mossy forest, a form of t|ie D. dissecta group.
POLYSTICHUM Roth.
1. P. aculeatum (L.) Schott Gen. Fil. (1834) t. 9.
In the mossy forest, altitude above 2,400 m, G. M. Z. 16254, Merrill 6372, 8813.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; temperate and tropical regions of the world. The forms here enumerated apparently .represent two undescribed varieties.
2. P. amabile (Bl.) J. Sm. Ferns Brit. & For. (1866) 152.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, G. M. Z. 16256.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; India to China, and Malaya.
318
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
3. P. auriculatum (L.) Presl Tent. (1836) 83.
In the mossy forest and on outcroppings of ledges in the summit grass lands, C. M. Z. 16257, Merrill 6366, Copeland 2306.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region ; India to Formosa.
A fourth species is possibly represented by C. M. Z. 16255 from the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m.
NEPHROLEPIS Schott.
1. N. cordifolia (L.) Presl Tent. (1836) 79.
In ravines, upper pine region, ascending to an altitude of about 2,000’ m, C. M. Z. 16265.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; tropical. Asia and Japan to New Zealand.
HU MATA Cav.
1. H. sp. ( =Copeland 1863 from Mount Data, Luzon).
Epiphytic in the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16263.
Probably an undescribed form.
PROSAPTIA Presl.
1. P. linearis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 115.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16303, Merrill 6377, Copeland.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
DAVALLI A Sm.
1. D. denticulata (Burm.) Mett.; Kuhn Fil. Deck. (1867) 27.
On boulders and cliffs in stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, Merrill 6359.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; tropical Asia and Africa to Malaya-, Australia, and Polynesia.
M ICROLEPI A Presl.
1. M. strigosa (Thunb.) Presl Epim. (1851) 95.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16262.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes ; tropical Asia to Japan, and Polynesia.
ODONTOSORI A Fee.
1. O. chinensis (L.) J. Sm. Bot. Yoy. Herald (1857) 430.
On steep slopes in the pine region, altitude below 1,700 m, C. M. Z. 16259.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium altitudes;, tropical Asia to Madagascar, Japan, Malaya, and Polynesia.
DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh.
1. D. scabra (Wall.) Moore Ind. (1861) 307.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16261, Merrill 6375.
Higher mountains of the Philippines; India to China.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
319
LINDSAYA Dry.
1. L. cultrata (Willd.) Sw. Syn. (1806) 119.
On outcroppings of ledges in the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,800 m, C. M. Z. 16258.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; tropical Asia to Madagascar, Malaya, and Queensland.
ATHYRIUM Roth.
1. A. anisopterum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 962.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16215.
In the Philippines known only from the higher mountains of northern and central Luzon; southern China.
2. A. aristulatum Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 253.
In the mossy forest, ascending to an altitude of about 2,500’ m, G. M. Z. 16272, Merrill 6380, Copeland 2303, A possibly distinct form is represented by C. M. Z. 16213 and Merrill 6381 from the upper limits of the mossy forest.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
3. A. drepanopteron (Kze.) A. Br.; Milde Fil. Eur. (1867) 49.
Altitude and habitat not given, C. M. Z. 16211.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Japan to northern India.
4. A. macrocarpum (Bl.) Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. (1863) t. 152, 153.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16216.
Mountains of Luzon and Mindoro; Japan to India, and Malaya.
5. A. nigripes Bl. var. mearnsianum Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 291.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 1621 If., Copeland 2305.
The variety known only from similar habits in the Benguet-Lepanto region, the species extending from China to Madagascar.
6. A. platyphyllum Copel. 1. c. 292.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, Merrill 6363, Copeland 2304-
Known only from similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
CURRANIA Copel.
1. C. gracilipes Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 112.
In crevices of rock outcroppings in the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,850 m, C. M. Z. 16302, Copeland.
A .monotypic genus known from Mount Pulog, from across the Agno River near Pauai, and from Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas) where it has also been dis- covered by Doctor Copeland.
ASPLENIUM Linn.
1. A. contiguum Kaulf. Enum. (1824) 172?
In the pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16268, McGregor 881 lj.
This form, which has been identified by various authors as A. contiguum Kaulf., is widely distributed in the Philippines. It is doubtful if Kaulfuss’ species really extends to the Archipelago; it is otherwise reported from Hawaii.
2. A. elmeri Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 164.
In the mossy forest ascending to about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16269, 16210, Merrill 6318, McGregor 8861. A form, possibly representing a distinct species is repre- sented by Merrill 6319.
320
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
3. A. lepturus J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 408.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, Merrill 6382'.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Philippines; endemic.
4. A. loherianum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 152.
On rocks in stream depressions, altitude below 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16450. Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
5. A. stantoni Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 151.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, and again on outcroppings of ledges in the summit grass lands, altitude above 2,800 m, C. M. Z. 16267.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
6. A. sp.
On wet cliffs, stream depression, altitude - about 1,500' m, Merrill 6361.
BLECH NUM Linn.
1. B. fraseri (Cunn.) Luerss. var. philippinense (Christ) Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 130.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, G. M. Z. 18057.
The species in New Zealand, the variety on the higher mountains of Luzon, Mindoro-, and Negros.
WOODWARDIA Sm.
1. W. radicans (L.) Sm. in M4m. Ac. Turin 5 (1793.) 412.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 16266.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region and the Ba- tanes Islands; Mediterranean region to China, Japan, and Java.
CHEILANTHES Sw.
1. C. farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf. Enum. (1824) 212.
On, steep slopes in the pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16311. Abundant and widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and also on Mount Mariveles, Luzon; India to China, Japan, Africa, tropical America, and the Fiji Islands.
HYPOLEPIS Bernh.
1. H. tenuifolia (Forst.) Bernh. in Schrad. Neu Journ. 1 1 2 (1806) 34.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, G. M. Z. 16310.
Not common in the Philippines; India to China, Malaya, Polynesia, and New Zealand.
PLAGIOGYRI A Mett.
1. P. nana Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 114.
At the base of cliffs in the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,850 m, and also in the upper limits of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16306, Merrill 6365, Copeland 2302.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
2. P. pycnophylla (Kze.) Mett. Plagiog. (1858) 8, no. 2.
On ledges in the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,800 m, G. M. Z. 16307. Higher mountains of central and northern Luzon; India to Java and Borneo.
ADIANTUM Linn.
1. A. edgeworthii Hook. Sp. 2 (1851) 14.
On steep slopes, upper pine region, altitude about 1,900 m, G. M. Z. 16308.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; China and India.
THE FLORA, OF MOUNT PULOG.
321
PTERIS Linn.
1. P. cretica Linn. Mant. (1767) 130.
In the mossy forest, altitude above 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16305.
Very widely distributed in the Philippines; widely distributed in the tropical and subtemperate parts of the world.
2. P. quadriaurita Retz. Obs. 6 (1791) 38.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,600 m, C. M. Z. 1630 If, Merrill 6358, and in the mossy forest, Merrill 6371, McGregor 8817, two forms being represented, that from the pine region simply pinnate, that from the mossy forest somewhat bipinnate.
HISTIOPTERIS J. Sm.
1. H. incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. Hist. Fil. (1875) 295.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16312.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes ; tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
PTERI DIUM Gledit.
1. P. aquilinum (Linn.) Kuhn Deck. Reisen 33 (1879) Bot. 11.
Very abundant and widely distributed in the pine region, altitude from 1,400 to 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16311h Merrill 6357, McGregor 8818.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, more frequently at medium altitudes, sometimes at sea level ; tropical and temperate regions of the world.
PAESIA St. Hil.
1. P. luzonica Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) 275.
In the upper limits of the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, O. M. Z. 16313.
Known only from the higher mountains of northern and central Luzon ; allied to P. rugulosa Kuhn of New Caledonia and Tahiti.
PLEUROGRAMME Presl.
1. P. loheriana Christ' in Bull. Herb. BoisS. II 6 (1906) 1006.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 8851.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; endemic.
HYMENOLEPIS Kaulf.
1. H. platyrhynchos (J. Sm.) Kze. Farnkr. 1 (1842) 101.
Abundant in the mossy# forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 16290, Merrill 6387.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines ; Celebes, Borneo.
2. H. spicata (L. f.) Presl Epim. (1851) 159.
Very abundant, and with the same habitat and range in the Philippines as the preceding, C. M. Z. 16291, 16292, Merrill 6355, McCh-egor 8819, 881f5.
Tropical Asia to Madagascar, Malaya, and Polynesia.
POLYPODIUM Linn.
1. P. albidosquamatum Bl. Enum. (1828) 132. § Pleopeltis.
In ravines, pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16286.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at higher altitudes; throughout Malaya.
2. P. argutum Wall. Cat. (1828) no. 308; Hook. Sp. 5 (1863) 32. §
Goniophlebium.
Abundant in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, O. M. Z. 16288, Merrill 6369, Copeland.
322
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Himalayan region and southern China.
3. P. benguetense Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 256. § Goniophlebium.
In stream depressions, lower pine region, altitude below 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16287. Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
4. P. caespitosum (Bl.) Mett. in Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bat. 2 (1866) 219.
§ Grammitis.
In the mossy forest, epiphytic, altitude above 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16299, Merrill 6388, Copeland Pter. Phil. Exsic. 135.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; Java.
5. P. congenerum (Bl.) Presl Tent. (1836) 180. § Grammitis.
Abundant in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16297,
16298, Merrill 6376, McGregor 8882, Copeland Pter. Phil. Exsic. 136.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at. higher altitudes; Malaya.
6. P. elmeri Copel. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 191. § Selliguea.
On steep dry slopes in the pine region, ascending to an altitude of about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16283, Copeland.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
7. P. fasciculatum (Bl.) Presl Tent. (1836) 180. § Grammitis.
Widely distributed in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16295, Copeland.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at higher altitudes; Malaya.
8. P. gracillimum Copel. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 189. § Eupol-
ypodium.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 8869, Copeland. Widely distributed in the Philippines on the higher mountains; endemic.
9. P. hirtellum Bl. Enum. (1828) 122. § Grammitis.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16296.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines ; southern China through Malaya to New Caledonia.
10. P. mollicomum Nees & Bl. in Nova Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 11 (1823)
121, t. 12, f. 2. § Eupolypodium.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 1626
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines ; Java, Celebes.
11. P. palmatum Bl. Enum. (1828) 131. § Pleopeltis.
Abundant in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16285, McGregor 8878, Merrill 6362, 6370, Copeland.
At medium and higher altitudes throughout the Philippines; widely distributed in Malaya.
12. P. subevenosum Bak. Syn. (1867) 320. § Gr'aAnmitis.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 1629 4, 16300, Copeland 2311.
At higher altitudes in the Philippines; Malay Peninsula to Celebes.
13. P. subauriculatum Bl. Enum. (1828) 133. § Goniophlebium.
In stream depressions, pine region, below an altitude of 1,500 m, Copeland. Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India through Malaya to Samoa.
14. P. obtusissimum C. Clir. Ind. Fil. (1905) 549. § Eupolypodium. .
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 8883, Copeland 23101.
Mountains of the Philippines; endemic.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
323
15. P. subpi nnatifidum Bl. Enum. (1828) T29. § Eupoly podium.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16293, Copeland. Mountains of the Philippines; Malay Peninsula and Java.
16. P. venulosum Bl. Enum. (1828) 128. § Eupoh/podium.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16301, Merrill 6353. Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; Malaya.
17. P. sp.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, Merrill 6383, Copeland Pter. Phil. Exsic. 130.
Apparently an undescribed species.
LOXOGRAMME Presl.
1. L. parallels Copel. in Perk. Frag'. FI. Philip. (1905) 182.
Abundant in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16289, Merrill 6368, McGregor 8881, Copeland.
Known only from the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
CYCLOPHORUS Desv.
1. C. sticticus (Kze.) C. Clir. Ind. Fil. (1905) 201.
On boulders in stream depression, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 1628 If, Merrill 6360.-
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India and Ceylon to China.
PHOT I NOPTERIS J. Sm.
1. P. speciosa Bl. ; Presl Epim. (1851) 264.
On steep slopes in the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16281. Found at medium altitudes, Luzon to Mindanao ; Malaya.
DRYNARIA J. Sm.
1. D. rigidula (Sw.) Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1869) t. Slly.
Abundant on steep dry slopes in the pine region, C. M. Z. 16282, Merrill 6356. Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium altitudes; tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia.
ELAPHOGLOSSUM Schott.
1. E. laurifolium (Thouars) Moore Ind. (1857) XVI.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 8850, Copeland.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to the Mascarene Islands and Malaya.
GLEICHENIACEiE.
GLEICHENIA Sm.
1. G. loheri Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 6 (1906) 1009.
Upper parts of the mossy forest, especially in thickets along the upper border, C. M. Z. 16319, Merrill 6361h Copeland 2300.
Known only from the higher mountains of northern and central Luzon.
2. G. sp.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,800 m, Copeland.
Probably an uhdeseribed form, allied to G. laevissima Christ.
324
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
EQUISETACEiE.
EQUISETUM Linn.
1. E. ramosissimum Desf. FI. Atl. 2 (1800) 398.
Stream depressions in lower pine region, G. M. Z. 16321, Merrill 6390.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; cosmopolitan in warm temperate and tropical regions of the world.
LYCOPODIACEiE.
LYCOPODIUM Linn.
1. L. carinatum Desv. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3: 599.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16322, McGregor 8836, Copeland 2301.
Widely distributed on the mountains of the Philippines; India to Formosa, Malaya, and Polynesia.
2. L. complanatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1567.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, C. M. Z. 16324-
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region, the Philippine material being referable to the var. thuyoides H. B. K.
North temperate zone of both hemispheres, southward through Malaya to New Guinea.
3. L. volubile Forst. Prodr. (1786) 86.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, Merrill 6392.
Higher mountains throughout the Philippines; New' Zealand, Polynesia, New Caledonia, northern Australia, and the mountains of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula.
SELAGINELLACEiE.
SELAGINELLA Linn.
Two species of this genus are represented in the collections, the first, Merrill 6389, from boulders in stream depressions, altitude about 1,500 m, and the second from the mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 88 77, Merrill 6391.
GYMNOSPERMAE.
TAXACEA3.
TAX US Linn.
1. T. baccata Linn., subsp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilg. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 18 (1903) 112.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300' m, C. M. Z. 18106.
In the Philippines known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and from Mount Banajao, Luzon; Himalayan region to Burma, Sumatra ( ? ) , and Celebes, the species very widely distributed in the north temperate zone.
PODOCARPUS L’Herit.
1. P. imbricatus Bl. var. cumingii (Pari.) Pilg. 1. c. 56.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2^300 m, £7. M. Z. 18049. Locally known as igum.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, the species in Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, Burma, and Hainan.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
325
PINACE2E.
PINUS L.
1. P. insularis Endl. Syn. Conif. (1847) 157.
Abundant and widely distributed -in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and the most characteristic tree of the entire area; common and forming thin forests on the steep slopes, altitude 1,200 to 2,200 m on Mount Pulog, G. M. Z. 18186, 18202, absent or very rare in the mossy forest but occurring again on the open, grass- covered summit, altitude about 2,800 m, but here very scattered, O. M. Z. 18065, McGregor 8899. It is found also on the mountains of Zambales Province, Luzon.
Endemic, but manifestly closely allied to Pinus khasya Royle, of Khasia, Chittagong, and Burma.
ANGIOSPERM2E.
GRAMINE^E.
CO IX Linn.
1. C. lacryma-jobi Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 972.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, O. M. Z. 16153.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, especially in populated districts'; warmer parts of the world.
IMPERATA Cyr.
1. I. cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. koenigii (Retz.) Benth. ex Pilger in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 137.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 16186, 16205.
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines at low, medium, and occasional at high altitudes; Tropics of the world (species), the variety in tropical Africa and Asia to Polynesia.
Ml SCANT HUS Anders.
1. M. sinensis Anders. Oefv. Yet. Akad. Forhandl. Stoclch. (1855) 166.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 16128, a form with a very lax panicle, and in the open grass lands of the summit above the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16152, McGregor 8838, Merrill 6613, depauperate forms, with short, dense panicles. Ig., biidu.
Widely distributed at medium and high altitudes in the Philippines, very abundant in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Japan and China to Tonkin, Borneo and Celebes.
S ACC H ARUM Linn.
1. S. spontaneum Linn. Mant. (1771) 183, subsp. indicum Hack, in DC, Monog. Phan. 6 (1889) 113.
Stream depressions in the lower pine region, O. M. Z. 16190.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium alti- tudes; India to southern China, Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia.
POLLINIA Trin.
1. P. quadrinervis Hack, in DC. Monog. Phan. 6 (1889) 158.
Stream depressions and on steep slopes in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16183, 16208, Merrill 6519.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; northern India to southern China and the Riu Kiu Archipelago.
326
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
ROTTBOELLI A L. f.
1. R. ophiuroides (R. Br.) Benth. FI. Austral. 7 (1878) 514.
On steep, grass-covered slopes in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16184, 16213. Ig., catalon.
Not widely distributed in the Philippines, chiefly known from the Benguet- Lepanto region; New Guinea and tropical and subtropical Australia.
ANTHRAXON Beauv.
1. A. ciliaris Beauv. Agrost. (1812) 111, t. 11, f. 6, subsp. quartinianus (A. Rich.) Hack, in DC. Monog. Phan. 6 (1889) 365.
Upper pine region, extending to the lower border of the mossy forest, Merrill 6514-
Known in the Philippines, only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of India.
2. A. microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst. in Flora 39 (1856) 189.
Upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16157.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of India to Ceylon and Tonkin.
THEM EDA Forsk.
1. T. triandra Forsk. FI. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 178.
The most common grass in the entire district, abundant on open slopes in the pine region, C. M. Z. 18154-
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines, from sea level to medium and higher altitudes in the open country; widely distributed in the warmer parts of the Old World.
2. j T. gigantea (Cav.) Hack. var. genuina Hack, in DC. Monog. Phan. 6 (1889) 670.
In stream depressions, pine region, C. M. Z. 16207. Ig., talnag.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; other varieties extending from India to China, and Malaya.
APLUDA Linn.
1. A. m utica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 82.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16032.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to China, Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia.
ARUN DIN ELLA Raddi.
1. A. setosa Trin. Diss. 2 (1824) 63.
Widely distributed in the pine region, extending to the lower limits of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16154, 16209, 16212.
At low, medium, and high altitudes in Luzon; India and Ceylon to China and Formosa.
DIGITARI A Scop.
1. D. longiflora (Gmel.) Pers. Syn. 1 (1805) 85.
Upper pine region, Merrill 6518.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, from sea level to medium and high altitudes; India to Japan and Malaya.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
327
2. D. sanguinalis (Linn.) Scop. FI- Carn. ed. 2, 1 (1772) 52.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16130.
This is the typical (European) form of the species; exceedingly variable, and distributed throughout the .temperate and tropical regions of the world.
ISACHNE R. Br.
1. I. myosotis Nees in Hook. Kew Journ. 2 (1850) 98.
In the upper pine region, Merrill 6538.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at1 medium altitudes; endemic.
2. I. beneckei Hack, in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51 (1901) 459.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16181.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Borneo and Java.
Forma depauperata Hack, ex Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 350.
In the upper pine region, Merrill 6501/.
3. I. pangerangensis Z. & M., var. halconensis Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 167.
In open grass lands of the summit, G. M. Z. 16182.
The variety from a similar habitat on Mount Halcon, Mindoro, the species in Java.
4. I. pauciflora Hack, in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 80.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16185.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
5. I. magna (Merr.) Merrill comb. nov.
Isachne beneckei Hack. var. magna Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. ' 1 (1906)
Suppl. 350.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6569, McGregor 8810.
This form I now consider to be of specific rank; it is represented also by the following specimens: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 1/5 41: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 1/21/8, 1/1/83 Mearns; Baguio to Ambulclao, Merrill 1/312. It is characterized by its large size, frequently exceeding 1 m in height, while its panicle is very diffuse, reaching a length of 30 cm, the lower branches frequently 20 cm long. Endemic.
PAN I CUM Linn.
1. P. crus-galli Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 56.
In stream depressions, pine region, C. M. Z. 16129.
Throughout the Philippines; temperate and tropical regions of the world.
2. P. palmaefolium Koen. in Naturforseh. 23 (1788) 208.
In stream depressions, pine region C. M. Z. 16210.
Throughout the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; India to tropical Africa, China, Japan, and Malaya.
3. P. villosum Lam. 111. 1 (1791) 173.
In the pine region below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16159.
In the Philippines at medium and high altitudes in northern Luzon, and in Mindanao; India to southern China and Formosa.
SETARIA Beauv.
1. S. flava (Nees) Kunth Rev. Gram. 1 (1829) 46.
In the pine region, Merrill 6520, G. M. Z. 16156.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, exceed- ingly variable; Tropics of both hemispheres.
328
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
MICROLAENA R. Br.
1. M. stipoides (Labill.-) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 210.
In the upper pine region at the lower border of the mossy forest, Merrill 6570.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region ; Australia and New Zealand. The only species of the genus known outside of Australia and New Zealand.
ANTHOXANTHUM Linn.
1. A. luzoniense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 178.
In open grass lands of the summit, G. M. Z. 16188, Merrill 6614, McGregor 8890.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
AR1STIDA Linn.
1. A. cumingiana Trin. & Rupr. in M6m. Acad. St. Petersb. VI 7 (1849) 141.
In the pine region at an altitude of about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16158-
At low and medium altitudes in central and northern Luzon, not common; northern India to China.
SPOROBOLUS R. Br.
1. S. indicus (Linn.) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 1810.
Habitat not given, probably in the pine region, C. M. Z. 16206.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; Tropics of the world. The form enumerated above is apparently the one described by Robert Brown as 8, elongatus.
AGROSTIS Linn.
1. A. elmeri Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 7.
In open grass lands of the summit, McGregor 8832, Merrill 61/92, and in the mossy forest, Merrill 6483a.
Widely distributed at high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, but un- known outside of this area. The species is manifestly allied to Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuclcerman, of the eastern United States, Japan, Korea, and central China.' For a full discussion of the latter species and its forms, see Hitchcock “North American Species of Agrostis” 47-50, pi. 31-33.°
ANISELYTRON Merrill gen. nov.
Spiculae parvae, uniflorae,- paniculatae, rhachilla supra glumas in- feriores articulata, sub flore obconica, ultra florem in stipitem pro duct a, flore hermaplirodito. Glumae 2 inferiores vacuae, valde • inaequales, sub articulatione persistentes ; I subobsoleta, hyalina, truncata, vix 0.10 mm longa; II lanceolata, acuminata, uninervia, quam tertia dimidio brevior; III Horens, • subliyalina, ovata, tenuiter 5-nervia, acuminata, exaristata ; palea subhyalina, glumae III subaequilonga, bicarinata. Stamina 3. Styli distincti, stigmatibus plumosis. Caryopsis palea involuta, libera. Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum, humilum, foliis planis. Panicula terminalis laxe effusa, ramulis filiformibus. Spiculae parvae, numerosae.
9U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bull. 68 (1905) 1-68.
THE FLOKA OF MOUNT PULOG.
329
Aniselytron agrostoides Merrill sp. nov.
G-labfiim, laxe caespitosum, circiter 40 cm altum; foliis planis, linea- ri-lanceolatis, quam ralmiis brevioribus ; paniculis teirainalib'us, laxis, ramulis' gracillimis, patulis vel adscendentibus ; spiralis viridibus, pedi- cellatis, circiter 3.5 mm longis; glumis varais 2, valde inaequalibus, I minuta, subobsoleta, vix 0.10 mm longa, truncata, II lanceolata, acu- minata, uninervia, 1.5 ad 2 mm longa, III ovata, 3.5 mm longa, 5-nervia, acuminata, leviter carinata.
A laxly tufted, glabrous, perennial grass 40 cm high or less. Culms slender, unbranched, striate, smooth and shining, slightly geniculate; nodes two or three, black. Slieaths about equaling, or somewhat exceed- ing the interhodes ; ligule hyaline, ovate, about 3 mm long, acute or irregularly cleft at the apex; leaf -blades linear-lanceolate,, flat, thin, smooth, 10 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4 mm wide, acuminate. Panicles 9 to 13 cm long, erect or somewhat nodding, the branches few, distant, slender, obscurely scabrid, the lower ones 4 to 5 cm long, ascending or spreading, comparatively few-flowered. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate, green, about -'3. 5 mm long, pedicelled. Empty glumes 2, the first subobsolete, sub- orbicular, truncate, hyaline, 0.10 mm long or less, the second lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 to 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-nerved. Flowering glume ovate (when spread), 3.5 mm long, 1.5 to 2 mm wide, slightly keeled, minutely scabrid on the keel, with 5 rather obscure nerves, submem- branaeeous, acuminate. Palea nearly as long as the flowering glume, similar to it in texture, . acuminate, 2-keeled, minutely scabrid on the keels. Styles 2, plumose. Anthers 3, 1.2 mm long. Caryopsis brown, loosely enclosed by the palea, about 2 mm long. Callus obeonic, with very few short hairs, the rachilla produced back of the palea into a straight, glabrous, slender, 0.8 mm long awn.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, not common, Merrill 6483, May, 1909.
This new genus is a member of the Agrostideaej and is undoubtedly most closely allied to the recently described Aulacolepis Hackel, which genus at present has two .species, A. japonica Hack., of Japan, and A. treutleri Hack., of the Himalayan region. Suspecting the alliance .of the Philippine plant to the above genus I sent a Specimen to Doctor Hackel for comparison, regarding which he writes as follows : “The specimen of Aniselytron, which you have sent me, shows in the form of its spikelets great affinity with Aulacolepis (even in the furrowed palea), but it can scarcely be placed in that genus on account of the rudimentary first glume * * * I think it therefore better to consider it as a separate genus.”
In habit Aniselytron is very similar to lax-panieled species of Agrostis, and is doubtless closely allied to that genus in spite of its glume characters, unawned flowering glume, and produced rachilla. The genus is well characterized by its strongly unequal empty glumes, the first being reduced to a mere rudiment, and the second one-half as long as the flowering glume.
During the ascent of Mount Pulog this plant was noticed in widely scattered loose tufts in the mossy forest, and was mistaken for Agrostis elmeri Merr.„
330
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
which it strongly resembles in habit. The latter species was found in abundance in the open grass lands above the limits of the mossy forest, and on the return trip, a few specimens of the plant above described were gathered, chiefly on account of the habitat, it being so entirely different from the usual habitat of Agrostis elmeri. In making the preliminary identifications of the Mount Pulog material, this number was referred to Agrostis elmeri, but in working over the material more carefully the number was found to consist of both the Agrostis, and the genus above described.
CALAM AGROSTIS Roth.
1. C. filifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 179, 375.
The most common grass on the open slopes above the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16180, Merrill 6610, 6611, McGregor 8891, also in the upper pine region at the lower limits of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. s. n.
Known only from the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, and most closely allied to species of South America and New Zealand.
DESCH AM PSI A Beauv.
1. D. flexuosa (Linn.) Trin. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 1 (1836) 66.
lira flexuosa Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 65.
In open grass lands of the summit, rather common, 0. M. Z. 16155, Merrill 6354,. McGregor 8904-
A striking addition to the northex-n element in the Philippine flora, no species of the genus being previously known from the Archipelago. , Deschampsia flexuosa is widely distributed in northern Asia and Europe, and in North America, from Greenland south along the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee, also in Japan, and on Mount Morrison, Eormosa; it is not reported from the Himalayan region, nor from China, although Deschampsia caespitosa (Linn.) Beauv. is found in both regions. The identification of the above species has been kindly verified by Doctor Hackel.
ELEUSINE Gaertn.
1. E. indica (Linn.) Gaertn. Fruct. 1 (1788) 8.
In stream depressions, lower pine region, C. M. Z. 16211.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium alti- tudes ; Tropics of the Old World, now widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions in America.
ER AGROSTIS Host.
1. E. distans Hack, in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 81.
Steep slopes in the pine region, C. M. Z. 16160.
Known only from medium altitudes in the .Benguet-Lepanto region,
MONOSTACH YA Merrill gen. nov.
Spiculae solitariae, rlrachilla supra glumas inferiores et inter flores articulata, et flore imperfecto terminata, floribus 2 inferioribus her- maphroditis suinmo imperfecto. Gilumae 2 inferiores vacuae,-sub artic- nlatione persistentes, parumu inaequales, acutae, vix carinatae, extima obscure 5-nervia, seeunda trinervia; florentes 4, 2 inferiores ovato-lanceo- latae, dorso rotundatae, ecarinatae, obscure 7-9-nerviae, apice minute '2-dentatae, in mucronem brevem produetae, margine tertia inferiore
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
331
ciliatae, caetero glabrae, 2 superiores vacuae ; palea gluma brevior, bicar- inata, bidenticulata. Stamina 3, aiitheris brevibus. ' Styli distincti, stigmatibus plumosis. Caryopsis oblonga, nitida, brunnea, liilo puncti- f orme. Gramina perennia, dense caespitosa, hnmilia, foliis • involuto- setaceis. Panienla ad spiculam erectam, solitariam redncta.
Monostachya centrolepidoides Merrill sp. noy.
Dense caespitosa, glabra, 6 ad 10 cm alta ; foliis involnto-setaceis, erectis, snbrigidis, 2 ad 4 -cm longis, 0.5 mm diametro ; spicnlis solitariis, parvis, lanceolatis, erectis, acnminatis, circiter 6 mm longis, pedunculo qnam folia breviori.
A densely tnfted perennial grass 6 to 10 cm high, glabrous except the lower margins of the flowering glumes, the culms fascieulate'ly branched from the lower portions, the internodes very short. Sheaths rather loose, thin, exceeding the internodes; ligule a ring of weak, 1 mm long hairs; leaf-blades involute-setaceous, somewhat rigid, 2 to 4 cm long, 0.5 mm in diameter. Panicle reduced to a single erect spikelet, the peduncle erect, rigid, minutely scabrid, exserted 1 to 2 cm beyond the upper sheath; sometimes one or two 0.8 to 1 mm long pedicels of aborted spikelets are to be found near the apex of the culm below the solitary terminal spikelet. Spikelet green or straw-colored, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, acum- inate, about 6 mm long, 1 to 1.3 mm in diameter; empty glumes 2, the first oblong-ovate, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, acute, not keeled, glabrous, subhyaline; obscurely 5-nerved, the nerves somewhat convergent, not strictly parallel, the second similar to the fir'st but 3.5 mm long and 3-nerved; flowering glumes 4, of which the lower two contain perfect flowers, the upper two being smaller and containing only a palea, the first flowering glume ovate-lanceolate, not keeled, 3.5 to- 4 mm long, about 1.3 mm wide, . obscurely 7- to 9-nerved, acuminate, the apex minutely 2-toothed, and with a straight,. 1 mm long, scabrid, terminal mucro, the margins in the lower third somewhat ciliate-pilose with 0.5 to 0.8 mm long hairs. Palea linear-lanceolate, hyaline, 3 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, minutely 2-toothed, 2-keeled, ' the keels ' slightly scabrid. The second flowering glume and its palea similar to the first and like it containing a perfect flower. Third flowering glume similar to the first and second but smaller, about 2 mm long, containing a palea but no' flower. Fourth flowering glume terminating the rachilla, very small, 1 to 1.5 mm long, flowerless, but containing a small palea. Callus to each flowering glume minutely ciliate. Joints of the rachilla glabrous, 0.8 to 1 mm long, articulated below each flowering glume. Caryopsis free from the palea, narrowly oblong, brown, shining, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm in diameter, the hilum punetiform.
Mount Pulog, Province of Benguet, Luzon, For. Bur. 160S8 Curran, Merritt & ZschohT^e, January 5, 1909, growing in trails and open spots in the grass lands of the summit, altitude about 2,800 m.
332
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
This proposed genus is readily recognizable by its solitary, erect spikelet, a character most unusual in Oramineae. It was originally placed by me near the genus Festiica, differing in a number of characters. Specimens were sent to Dr. E. Hackel, and he has favored me with the following opinion regarding the genus :
“The flOral structure of your Monostachya is near Festuca and Bromus.,, but is not identical with that of either genus. It comes still nearer to ScMzachne, a genus recently described by me from the Island of Sachalin,10 but differs from that genus in its flowering-glumes being only slightly notched and not 2-cleft at the apex, and in the short mucro emerging from between the teeth, not an arista emerging beneath the apical notch as in Schizachne: The habits of the two are
quite different.”
Doctor Hackel further calls attention to the fact that beneath the terminal spikelet on at least some of the culms are to be found one or two pedicels, l\mm long or less, of abortive spikelets, from which he infers that the specimens do riot show the normal state of the plant, but that it will really be found to have a few-flowered raceme when better developed plants are found, and that in this case the generic name I have selected will not be appropriate. The material, I have had for examination has shown all stages of development of the spikelets from the flowers to mature seeds, and no culms were found with more than one spikelet developed. I have no doubt but that the form has been derived from some closely allied genus that normally, at least, has racemose, or compound panicles, but that the present plant is worthy of description as it stands.
In habit it closely approximates that of Gentrolepis philippinensis Merr., from whence its specific name.
BRACHYPODIUM Beauv.
1. B. sylvaticum Beauv. subsp. luzoniense Hack, in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 269, 387.
JIn the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16187.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region (subsp. luzo- niense ) , the species widely distributed, in Europe, northern Asia, the mountains of India, China, and Japan.
ARUNDINARIA Miehx.
1. A. niitakayamensis Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 21 (1907) 49, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 25 19 (1908) 240; Gamble supra 267.
Forming dense thickets between the upper border of the mossy forest and the upper grass lands, here 1.5 to 2.5 m high, and scattered in the lower parts of the open grass lands, here much dwarfed, and frequently only a few centimeters high, G. M. Z. 16189, Merrill 6489 (both sterile), McGregor S893 (in flower).
This species has previously been collected on Mount Ugo, and at Pauai, Ben- guet, and on Mount Haleon, Mindoro, but Mr. McGregor was the first to collect it in flower, thus making its accurate identification possible. .The identifica- tion has been made by Mr. J. S. Gamble, to whom specimens were sent, and to whom Doctor Hayata kindly sent fragments of the type for comparison. Otherwise known only from Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Fedde Repert. 7 (1909) 322.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
333
CYPERACAE.
CYPERUS Linn.
1. C. distans Linn. f. Suppl. (1774) 103.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, C. M. Z. 16162.
Throughout the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; Tropics of the world.
MARISCUS Gaertn.
1. M. cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl Enum. 2 (1804) 377.
In the pine region, ascending to an altitude of 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16133, Merrill 6525.
Widely distributed in the Philippines : India to Japan, Malaya, and Polynesia.
4 KYLLINGA Rottb.
1. K. intermedia R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 219.
Upper pine region, ascending to the lower limits of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16142, Merrill 6539.
Widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region ; Formosa, Australia, and the Fiji Islands.
SCI R PUS Linn.
Scirpus pulogensis Merrill sp. nov.
Species S. pauciflofae Lightf. valde affinis, differt culmis subrigidis, usque ad 60 cm longis, dense caespitosis, spiculis lanceolatis, 8 ad 10 mm longis, setis perichaetii glabris.
A perennial, densely caespitose plant, the culms terete; slender, rigid or subrigid, reaching a height of 60 cm, glabrous, leafless, the basal portions supplied with few, short, striate sheaths, tipped with linear, rigid, 2 to 8 mm long laminae, the sheaths of the innovations rather lax. Bract subtending the spikelet ovate to ovate-oblong, 4 mm long or less, prominently acuminate, the acumen often 1.5 mm long. Spikelets lanceo- late, brown or pale-brown, 8 to 10 mm long, 2 mm wide, the first two glumes empty, ovate, about 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1 -nerved, brown, acute or slightly acuminate, the 7 or 8 succeeding glumes bearing perfect flowers, 4 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate or merely acute, the margins in the upper parts, sometimes obscurely lacerate. Achene oblong, brown, shining, smooth, 2 mm long, 1.6 mm in diameter, trigonous, apex slightly acuminate, base acute; style 3.5 mm long, continuous with the ovary;- anthers 2 to 2.5 mm long,- hypogynous bristles 4' or 6, white, slender, quite glabrous, equaling or slightly exceeding the achene.
In wet depressions of the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,700 m, Merrill 6550 (type), 6616, C. M. Z. 16134 ■
This species is manifestly very closely allied to Scirpus pcvuciflorus Lightf., which is widely distributed in Europe, northern Asia south to the western Hima- layan region, and in North America, but appears to be distinguishable by the characters mentioned in the diagnosis.
334
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
. BU LBOSTYLIS Kunth.
1. B. capillaris (L.) Kunth Enum. 2 (1837) 212.
Widely distributed in the pine region, ascending to an altitude of 2,200 m, C. M. Z. 16143, Merrill 6527.
< The Philippine form is referable to the var. trifida Clarke, which is widely distributed in the Tropics of the East; the species throughout the Tropics.
SCHOENUS Linn.
1. S. apogon R. & S. Syst. 2 (1817) 77.
In the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,700 m, Merrill 6508.
Known in the Philippines only from northern Luzon; Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands, northeastern Borneo, Australia, and New Zealand.
2. S. axillaris (R. Br.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2 (1811) 251.
Altitude and habitat not given, probably in the summit grass lands, C. M. Z.
16141.
Not previously reported from the Philippines ; widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand.
An interesting addition to our- knowledge of the Australian element in the Philippine flora. The specimens agree with the descriptions, and with Australian material in our herbarium, so identified.
GAHNIA Eorst.
1. G. javanica Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. (1845-6) 98.
Summit grass lands, and along the upper border of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16163, Merrill 6596.
Widely distributed in the Philippines on the higher mountains ; southern China, the Malay Peninsula arid Archipelago to New Guinea and the Eiji Islands.
U NCI N I A - Per s.11
1. U. rupestris Raoul var. capillacea Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich, 38 (1909) 64.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, C. M. Z. 16140.
A most interesting addition to the list of Philippine genera, Uncinia consisting of twenty- three species, of which about one-half are found in South America, one extending to Mexico, the remainder mostly in New Zealand, a few in Australia and Tasmania, and one, V. riparia R. Br., extending northward to New Guinea. The present species is the first one of the genus to be found north of the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere. The species in New Zealand and Tasmania, the variety previously known only from New Zealand.
CAR EX Linn.
1. C. baccans Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834) 122; Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflan- zenreieh 38 (1909) 206.
Abundant in the mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16139, McGregor 8889, Merrill 6548.
Known in the Philippines only from high' altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of India and Ceylon to southern China, Sumatra, and Java.
11 For identifications of the following species of Uncinia and Garex I am in- debted to Rev. G. Kiikenthal, of Coburg, Germany.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
335
2. C. breviculmis R. Br., subsp. royleana Nees, yar. kingiana (Lev. & Van.) Kukenth. 1. c. 470.
In the summit grass lands, McGregor 8858, Merrill 6609.
Not previously reported from the Philippines, the variety in Japan and For- mosa, the subspecies India to Japan and Formosa, the species in Australia and New Zealand.
3. C. brunnea Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 38.
Common in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, McGregor 8866, ■Merrill 6505.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; mountains of India and Ceylon to the Mascarene Islands, China, Japan, Formosa, southward through Malaya to Australia, and New Caledonia.
4. C. filicina Nees in Wight Cbntrib. (1834) 123; Kukenth. 1. c. 274. Abundant in the summit grass lands, and also in the mossy forest, Merrill
6499, 6507, 6615, McGregor 8827, C. M. Z. 16135, 16136, 16137, 16138.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; mountains of India and Ceylon to China, Java, and Sumatra.
5. C. graeffeana Boeckl. in Flora 58 (1875) 22; Kukenth. 1. c. 403.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, C. M. Z. 16182.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; Fiji.
6. C. loheri C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 (1904) 14; Kukenth. 1. c. 487.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, Merrill 6506, 6605, 6607. Known only from similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region; endemic.
7. C. rafflesiana Boott var. scaberrima (Boeek.) Kukenth. 1. c. 283.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16161.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; the variety in Sumatra, Java, Celebes, and Ternate, the species extending to tropical Australia.
8. C. rara Boott subsp. capillacea Boott Illustr. 1 (1858) 44, t. 110 ; Kukenth. 1. c. 102.
Common in the summit grass lands, Merrill 6612.
Known in the -Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Himalayan region to eastern Asia, and Japan; also in New South Wales.
9. C. tristachya Thunb. var. pocilliforimis (Boott) Kukenth. 1. e. 473.
In the summit grass lands, Merrill 6606, McGregor 8856.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; the variety in Japan and For- mosa, the species also in southern and central China.
ARACEiE.
RHAPHIDOPHORA Hassk.
1. R. merrillii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37 (1905) 115.
Stream depressions below 1,100 m, C. M. Z. 16059.
Low and medium altitudes, Luzon to Mindanao; endemic.
SCH ISM ATOGLOTTIS Zoll, & Mor.
1. S. rupestris Zoll. & Mor.; Engl, in DC. Monog. Phan. 2 (1879) 351. Stream depressions below 1,100 m, G. M. Z. 16057.
Low and medium altitudes, Luzon to Mindanao ; Java.
336
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
ARISAEMA Mart.
1. A. polyphyllum (Blanco) Merr. in Govf. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 90.
A. Gumingii Schott Syn. (1856). 28.
Characteristic of .the mossy forest, terrestrial and epiphytic, above 2,200 in, O'. M. Z. 16352, Merrill 6471/, 6473, 6617, the last three numbers representing specimens with respectively small, medium, and large-sized leaves.
Luzon to Mindanao, on the higher mountains, exceedingly variable; endemic.
Var. angustifolium var. nov.
A typo differ t foliolis irailto angustioribus, lineari-lanceolatis, 5 ad 13 cm longis, 5 ad 10 mm latis.
Pine region below 2,000 m, Merrill 64 72. Represented also by the following specimens : Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8364, 8466 pp. McGregor ; Twin Peaks, Elmer 6330: District of Bontoc, Mount Polis, For. Bur. 18387 Alvarez: Province of Zambales, Botolan, Maule s. n.
This proposed variety at first sight is very distinct from the typical form of the species, especially in its vegetative characters. There is, however, some indi- cation of intergrades between the species and the variety, and I have been unable to detect any constant floral characters between the two forms. The variety angustifolium appears to be confined to the grassy open slopes of the pine region, but the typical form is sometimes found in the same habitat, although usually confined to the mossy forest.
ERIOCAULACEiE.
ERIOCAULON Linn.
E. depauperatum Merrill sp. nov.
Plamta depauperata, dense caespitosa, aqnatica, 2.5 ad 3 cm alta; foliis linearibus, 1 mm latis; pedunculis paucis, solitariis, vix exsertis; capitulis paucifloris ; sepalis utriusque floris 2, petalis florum femineorum subobsoletis.
A small densely caespitose plant 2.5 to 5. cm high, glabrous throughout, entirely submerged. Leaves crowded, linear, flaccid, 1.5 to 4 cm long, composed of four or five distinct rows of quadrangular or oblong cells, base somewhat dilated, the lower part of the lamina 1 mm wide, gradually narrowed upward to the long-acuminate apex. Peduncles few, solitary, 1.5 cm long or less, not exserted, the heads subglobose, small, about 2 mm in diameter, each bearing from 4 to 6 pistillate flowers and 3 or 4 staminate ones, the bracts thin, oblong-obovate or oblong-ovate1, about as long as the head. Staminate flowers : Sepals 2, oblong-ovate, about 1 mm long. Petals 3, very minute, glabrous, reduced to small, obscure, bodies less than 0.5 mm in length. Stamens 6 ; anthers dark-purple or black, nearly 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers :• Sepals 2, orbicular-ovate, about 1.8 mm long and wide. Petals 3, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 1.8 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide, pellucid, the cell structure distinct, the apex acute and with usually a small, black, apical dot, the base acuminate- stipitate, the stipe slender, often 0.5 mm in length.- Ovary brown, 3-
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
337
celled, about l inm long; style 3 mm long, the arms 3, less than 0.4 mm in length.
Submerged in seepage pools af .shallow water, about 40 cm in depth, in the open grass’ lands of the summit, altitude about 2,800' m, Merrill 6590; also in shallow water of the small pond on the summit of Mount Data, altitude about 2,250 m, Merrill 45.20, November, 1905. A specimen collected by Loher, also on Mount Data ( 1586 in Herb. Kew. ) is probably the same.
A species apparently as closely allied to E. minutum Hook. f. of British India as to any other described species, but quite distinct from that so far as can be determined from the description.
JUNCACEiE.
LUZULA DC.
1. L. effusa Buchenau Krit. Verz. June. (1880) 53, 88, Engl. Pflanzenreich 25 (1906) 61. >
In the upper mossy forest and about ledges in lower border of the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,750 m, Merrill 6490.
Eastern Himalayan region and Szechuen, China.
Not previously reported from the Philippines, and a very interesting discovery, augmenting our knowledge of the Himalayan element in the Philippine flora.
The only species of the genus previously reported from the Archipelago is L. campestris (L.) DC. recorded by F.-Villar, Nov. App. (1882) 273. This record was almost certainly based on erroneously identified material, as F.-Villar mentions the plant he observed as having heads 2.4 to 4 cm in diameter. It is interesting to note here, however, that Lusula campestris (L. ) DC., has recently been discovered in Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8426 McGregor, June, 1909, growing in pine forests, altitude about 2,000 m. The specimen seems to be most closely allied to the-var. capitata Miq., of Japan.
LILIACEiE.
DIANELLA Lam.
1. D. ensifolia (L.) Red. Lil. (1802) t. 1.
Common in the mossy forest, and along its lower borders, Merrill 6585, Mc- Gregor 8873, G. M. Z. 16199, 18073.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Philippines; India to China and Formosa through • Malaya to Australia and the Mascarene Islands.
2. D. caerulea Sims Bot. Mag. t. 505.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16194, Merrill 6512lis. ^
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; New Guinea and Australia.
LI LI U M Linn.
1. L. philippinense Baker in Gard. Chron. (1873) 1141.
In the pine region, open slopes, and in stream depressions, ascending to 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 18115, Merrill 6513. Locally known as suyasoy.
In the Philippines confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region; also found in Formosa. ■
338
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
DISPORUM Salisb.
1. Disporum luzoniense Merrill sp. nov.
D. pullum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 182, non Salisb.
Caulis glaber, .usque ad 40 cm altus, strictus ;• f oliis oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-ovatis, membranaeeis, acuminatis, petiolatis, nervis usque ad 9, transversalibus vix distinctis ; floribus axillaribu's, s'olitariis, cemuis, albis-, intus. purpureo-maculatis, perianthii segmeutis circiter 1.5 cm longis, basi saccatis ; staminibus quam perianthium multo brevioribus.
Rootstock stout, 5 to 8 mm in diameter. Stems solitary, erect, un- branched, stout, glabrous. Leaves 4 to 8 on the upper half of the stem, oblong-elliptic to oblong-ovate, membranaceous, 8 to 11 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, base rounded or acute, apex prominently acuminate, acumen blunt; primary nerves 5 to 9, distinct, the secondary ones' also often somewhat prominent, the transverse veinlets obscure; petioles 3 to 12 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, nodding, the peduncles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Perianth 1.5 cm long, campanulate, white, marked with dull- purple within, the segments 3 mm wide, 3-nerved, saccate at the base. Anthers 1.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid. Fruit dark-blue or black when mature, globose, fleshy, about 1 cm in diameter ; seeds obovoid, 4 mm long.
This species, previously confused with Disporum pullum Salisb., is represented by the following specimens, all from northern Luzon : District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Bur. Sci. 59 1$ Ramos, Merrill J/857 : Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16193 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke; Pauai, Merrill 6619 (type), For. Bur. 14442 Darling, Bur. Sci. 8483 McGregor, Bur. 'Sci. 4316 Mearns.
. It is confined to the region of the mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,000 m, and at Pauai it flowers in May and June. It is allied to Disporum pullum Salisb., and apparently also to D. utiiflorum Baker, but is distinct from both. It is well characterized by its unbranched stems, solitary, axillary, nodding flowers which are white, marked with dull-purple inside, and its stamens much shorter than the perianth.
OPH IOPOGON Ker.
1. O. japonicus (L.) Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 1063.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16191, McGregor 8816, Merrill 6485.
On the higher mountains in. Luzon, widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Japan to China, and Formosa.
ALETRIS L.
1. A. spicata (Thunb.) Franeh. in Journ. de Bot. 10 (1896) 199.
Upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, and in the open pgrass lands above the mossy forest, altitude about 2,800 m, C. M. Z. 16192.
Known in the Philippines only from higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Japan to central and southern China, and Formosa.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
339
SMI LAX L.
1. S. china Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 1029.
Common in the mossy forest, variable, C. M. Z. 16131, 16198, Merrill 6494, 6552.
Common at higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and also on Mount Haleon, Mindoro; Japan to southern China and Formosa.
2. Smilax pygmaea Merrill sp. nov. § Nemexia.
Suffrutex erectus, str ictus, inermis, 20 ad 40 m altus, ecirrhif erus ; f oliis alternis, oblongo-ovatis, 3-5-nerviis, petiolo inflato; umbellis axillaribus, solitariis, paucifloris ; floribus circiter 3 mm longis.
Erect, unbranched, glabrous, woody or suffrutescent, from a thickened root, the stems terete, unarmed, yellowish or olivaceous. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 7 to 15 mm- wide, drfil or slightly shining, beneath subglaucous or pale, often sornewhat reflexed, base rounded or subcordate, apex acute or sharply apiculate-acuminate ; nerves 3 or 5, distinct, reticulations prom- inent; petioles 7 to 10 mm long, apparently jointed with the lamina, and persistent on the stem after the fall of the leaf-blade, deeply chan- neled and inflated in the lower two-thirds, half clasping the stems. Umbels in the upper axils, solitary, 4- to 6-flowered, the peduncles curved, slender, 1 to 1.5 cm long; pedicels 5 to 7 mm long. Pistillate flowers 3 mm long, the sepals 3, elliptic-oblong, 3 mm long, erect; petals 3, similar to the sepals; rudimentary stamens 2 or 3, 2 mm long. Ovary elliptic, glabrous, 3-celled, each cell with two ovules; styles stout, nearly 1 mm long. Fruit globose (immature) about 5 mm in diameter, with a single seed.
In the open grass lands of the summit above 2,700 m altitude, Merrill 6598, May 1909, with flowers and immature fruits, McGrego n 8902, July, 1909, with immature fruits.
A species apparently most closely allied to Smilax hiflora Miq. of Japan, but quite different from that species. Well characterized by its erect, strict habit, small size, absence of spines and tendrils, and other characters.
DIOSCOREACEiE.
DIOSCOREA Linn.
1. D. luzonensis Schauer in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1 :444.
In stream depressions, lower pine region, Merrill 6512.
Rather widely distributed in Luzon ; endemic.
340
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
CANNACEJE.
CANNA Linn.
1. C. indica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753)' 1. ’
In cultivated lands, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16351. Widely distributed in tire Philippines at low and medium altitudes, especially about towns, and in waste places; Tropics of the world.
ORCHIDACEAE.12
MICROTIS R. Br.
1. M. unifolia (Forst.) Reichb. f. Beitr. Syst. PL (1871) 62.
In the open pine region, altitude 1,800 to 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 163 44- In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Japan, Formosa, southern China, Java, New Caledonia, Australia, and New Zealand.
COELOGYNE Lindl.
1. C. integerrima Ames in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 665.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6350 (type), altitude about 2,200' m ; ‘ doubtless also represented by McGregor 8822, the specimen in fruit.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
DENDROCHILUM Bl.
1. D. anfractoides Ames Orchidaceae 3 (1908) 13, pi. 28.
In the mossy forest, altitude not given, McGregor 8834- Known only from high altitudes in Benguet Province.
2. D. arachnitis Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. N. S. 17 (1882) 256.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 6481.
Highfer mountains of the Philippines from northern Luzon to southern Min- danao; endemic.
3. D. cinnabarinum Pfitzer in Engl. Pflanzenreich 32 (1907) 104.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 6475, McGregor 8844, G. M. Z. 16348.
Higher mountains of northern Luzon; endemic.
4. D. loheri Ames Orchidaceae 3 (1908) 12, pi. 27, I.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 6476.
Higher mountains of northern Luzon; endemic.
Mr. Ames notes on the sheet that the specimen is not' typical, the flower-shoots being considerably shorter than the leaves.
5. D. pulogense Ames in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 594.
■ In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, C. M. Z. 16342, 16347, Merrill 64-78, Copeland s. n.
Known only from Mount Pulog.
6. D. tenuifolium (Ames) Pfitz: in Engl. Pflanzenreich 32 (1907) 114.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, McGregor 8811.
Known only from the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
7. D. uncatum Reichb. f. in Bonplandia 3 (1855) 222.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 64 77- Mountains of northern and central Luzon; endemic.
12 Identifications by Mr. Oakes Ames, North Easton, Massachusetts, U. S. A.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
341
8. D. venustulum (Ames) Pfitz. in Engl. Pflanzenreicli 32 (1907) 116.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Merrill 6635.
Known only from the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
9. D. sp.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8849; an undescribed form, fide Ames. CESTICHIS Pfitz.
1. C. sp. aff. C. benguetensis Ames Orchidaceae 1 (1905) 9, t. 3.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,200 m, C. M. Z. 16350, the specimens without flowers.
The species is known only from the higher mountains of Benguet.
OBERONIA Lindl.
1. O. cylindrica Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1840) Mise. 20.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, Copeland s. n., McGregor 8823, Merrill 6480, 6573.
Widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region at higher altitudes; endemic.
EULOPHIA R. Br.
1. E. squalida Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1841) Misc. 77.
On talus slopes in the lower pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, Merrill 6501. Known in the Philippines from Luzon and Palawan; Malaya.
DENDROBIUM Sw.
1. D. heterocarpum Wall, ex Lindl. Qrch. PI. (1830) 78.
On boulders in the pine forest below an altitude of 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16345. India, Ceylon, Burma, and Java.
ERI A Lindl.
1. E. ornata (Bl.) Lindl. Orch. PL (1830) 66.
On boulders in stream depressions, lower pine region, Merrill 6482.
Rather widely distributed- in northern and central Luzon; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and ? Siam.
2. E. philippinensis Ames Orchidaceae 1 (1905) 94.
Abundant in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, G. M. Z. 16346, 16349, Merrill 6351, 6479.
Mountains of central and northern Luzon; endemic.
3. E. ventricosa Leavitt in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 211, 234,
fig. 16.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,700 m, Copeland s. n.
Mountains of Luzon and Mindoro; endemic.
SACCOLABI U M Bl.
1. S. compressum Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1840) Mise. 9.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16343.
Of wide distribution in the Philippines ; endemic.
342
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
PXPERACE^E.
PIPER L.
1. P. sp.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 1621/0.
2. P. sp.
In stream depressions, altitude about 1,500 m, Merrill 6530.
PEPEROM I A Ruiz & Pav.
1. P. reflexa A. Dietr. Sp. PI. 1 (1831) 180.
On boulders in stream depressions, altitude about 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16239, McGregor 889 If. . '
Mountains of India, China, and Malaya, also in Africa, Australia, and America.
CHLORANTHACEiE.
CHLORANTHUS Linn.
1. C. brachystachys Bl. FI. Jav. Chloranth. (1828) 13, pi. 2.
In the mossy forest above 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16095, McGregor 8871.
Throughout the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes ; India to southern China and Malaya.
FAGACEiE.
QUERCUS Linn.
1. Q. luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 323.
In the mossy forest at an altitude of about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 16062, 18063, 18070, 18079, and possibly also C. ill. Z. 18087, the latter having much larger fruits, but otherwise very similar to the type of the species.
Known only from similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region and from the mountains of Zambales.
2. Q. woodii Hance in Journ. Bot. 12 (1874)' 240; Merr. 1. c. 32.6.
In the lower parts of the mossy forest, altitude about 2,200 m, C. M. Z. 18152. Known only from the mountains of Benguet.
3. Q. sp.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, C. M. Z. 18061. The specimen is sterile and is very similar to Q. luzoniensis, but the leaves are entirely glabrous.
MORACE^E.
FICUS Linn.
1. F. hauili Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 684.
In stream depressions in the pine region, below an altitude of 1,300 m, C. M. Z. 18217. .
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; endemic.
2. F. cumingii Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7 (1848) 235.
On slopes in the pine region, altitude below 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 18192.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; endemic.
3. F. fastigiata Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 44.
Lower parts of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 1811/0.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
343
Higher altitudes on the mountains of the Philippines; endemic. It seems probable that this species, as well, perhaps, as F. guyeri Elm., will have to he combined with F. validicaudata Merr.
4. F. nota (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 10.
In stream depressions in the pine region below an altitude of 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 18218, 18183.
Very common and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; endemic.
5. F. pseudopalma Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 680.
In, pine forests below an altitude of 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 18184; locally known as cadiabung.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; endemic.
6. Ficus curranii Merrill sp. nov. § Sycidmm.
Arbor parva, 4 acl 6 m alt a, ranmlis plus minus furfuraceofiepidotis, novellis ferrngineo-hirsutis ; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, snbtns pro- minentibus; receptaenlis axillaribus, solitary's, ellipsoideis vel elliptico- obovoideis, cireiter 1.5 cm longis, peduncnlo usque ad 2 cm longo, apice 3-bracteolato.
A small tree 4 to 6 m high, the branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, the younger ones somewhat striate when dry, and furfuraeeous- lepidote, the growing parts ferruginous-hirsute, sometimes rather densely so. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 7 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, glabrous, smooth, somewhat shining when dry, on the lower surface paler and minutely obscurely puncticulate, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute; nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, spreading, curved upward and anas- tomosing, the reticulations rather lax, distinct, the ultimate ones fine; petioles 5 to 10 mm long, furfuraceous or slightly hirsute ; stipules deciduous, acuminate, brown, glabrous, 1.5 cm long. Eeceptacles soli- tary, axillary, peduncled, elliptic or elliptic-obovoid, about 1.5 cm long, 1 cm in diameter, wrinkled when dry, glabrous, the peduncle 1 to 2 cm long, ultimately glabrous, with three small, ovate, 1 mm long bracts at the apex. Only fertile female flowers observed, numerous, sessile or shortly pedicelled, the perianth apparently wanting; style lateral, about 1 mm long.
The type of this species, from which the above description Avas taken, is For. Bur. 5007 Curran, from Mount Tonglon, Province of Benguet, Luzon, altitude about 2,200 m; it is apparently also represented by For. Bur. 10821 Curran, and by For. Bur. 18132 Curran, Zsckokke, & Merritt, the latter from the mossy forests of Mount Pulog, and with very immature fruits. The species apparently belongs in the section Sycidium, although the discovery of male floAvers may modify this disposition of it; apparently as closely allied to Ficus lucbanensis Elm., as to any other species, but distinguished by its smaller leaves, and quite differently shaped, longer-peduneled fruits.
344
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
URTICACEJE.
URTICA Linn.
1. U. bullata Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 145.
In ravines, upper pine region, altitude about 1,900 m, C. M. Z. 16049.
Java.
PI LEA Lindl.
1. P. melastomoides Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV 1 (1854) 186 ?
In ravines in the upper pine region, altitude about 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 16045. This form is known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India and Malaya.
2. P. sp.
In ravines in the upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16052.
An apparently undescribed form, known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
3. P. sp.
In the mossy forest and on rock outcroppings in the summit grass lands, -G. M. Z. 16042, 16046, Merrill 6510.
ELATOSTEMA Porst.
There are two species of this genus represented in the collections from Mount Piilog, G. M. Z. 16041, and G. M. Z. 16050, Merrill 6568; the latter is apparently confined to Benguet Province, the former more widely distributed in Luzon. Both species are apparently undescribed.
P0U20LZI A Gaudich.
1. P. sp.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 1,900 m, G. M. Z. 18117, Merrill 6561. An apparently undescribed form, known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
GONOSTEGI A Turcz.
1. G. hirta (Blume) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1869) 303.
In the upper pine region, extending into open places in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16044, Merrill 6516, McGregor 8826.
In the Philippines known from the Benguet-Lepanto region, and from Minda- nao; India to Malaya.
PIPTURUS Wedd.
1. P. asper Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1 (1854) 197.
Widely distributed in ravines in the pine region, ascending to an altitude of about 1,900 m, G. M. Z. 18119, 18210.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; Borneo.
CHAMABAINIA Wight.
1. C. cuspidata Wight Ic. 6 (1853) 11, pi. 1981.
In the summit grass lands, altitude about 2,700 m, G. M. Z. 16043.
Otherwise known in the Philippines only from Mount Data; northern India to Ceylon and southwestern China.
DEBREGEASIA Gaudich.
1. D. longifolia (Burm.) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 235.24 In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,200 m, G. M. Z. 18104, 1814 7. Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India and Java.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
345
LECANTHUS Wedd.
1. L. peduncularis (Wall.) Wedd. in. DC. Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 164.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16048.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Northern India, Yunnan, and Szeehuen.
LORANTIIACEiE.
LORANTHUS L.
1. L. pentapetalus Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1820) 190.
Stream depression in the lower pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 16231.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; India to southern China and Malaya.
2. L. benguetensis Merr. in Philip. Journ.. Sci.-4 (1908) Bot. 134.
Parasitic on Pinus insularis Endl., altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 16064- Known only from Benguet Province, Luzon.
3. L. copelandii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 185, 4 (1909) Bot. 140.
Stream depressions below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16232, 18116. Known only from Benguet Province, Luzon.
4. L. halconensis Merr. 1. cc. 2:271, 4: 143.
Habitat not given, C. M. Z. 16230.
Otherwise known only from Mount Halcon, Mindoro.
5. L. curran ii Merr. 1. c. 4:144.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18143.
Known otherwise only from Mount Tonglon, Benguet Province, Luzon.
6. L. congestiflorus Merr. 1. c. 4:147.
Very abundant in the mossy forest, extending to its upper limits, G. M. Z. 18045, 18084, Merrill 6591, McGregor 8833, 8888.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; endemic.
CLEISTOLORANTHUS Merr.
1. C. verticillatus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 150.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, G. M. Z. 16229.
A monotypie, endemic genus, known only from Mount Pulog.
GIN ALLOA Korth.
1. G. cuming iana (Presl) F.-Vill. var. angustifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 153.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude below 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16242. An endemic species; the variety known otherwise only from Mount Canlaon, Negros.
B ALANOPHOR ACE M .
BALANOPHORA Forst.
1. B. micrantha Warb. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 169.
In ravines, mossy forest at 2,600 m altitude, C. M. Z. 16451.
I have not seen the type of Warburg’s species, which was collected in the mountains of Luzon by Loher. The specimen cited above, although imperfect, agrees closely with the description; it forms rather dense hemispherical masses nearly 15 cm in diameter. Endemic.
346
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
POLYGONACE^E.
POLYGONUM Linn.
1. P. chinense Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 363.
In stream depressions, on open pine-covered slopes, and in the 'mossy forest, altitude 1,500 to 2,400 m, C. M. Z. 16053 (infested with Ustilago treubii Solms), 16051h 16056, McGregor 8840.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; India to China, Japan, and Malaya.
2. P. posumbu Ham. in Don Prodr. (1825) 71.
In the upper pine region, Merrill 6515.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region ; India to China, Japan, and Java.
3. P. punctatum Ham. 1. c. 72.
On steep, grass-covered slopes in the upper pine region, 2,000 m altitude G. M. Z. 16055.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of India, Ceylon, China, Japan, and Java.
CHENOPODIACEiE.
CH E NO POD I U M Linn.
1. C. ambrosioides Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 219.
Slopes in the pine region, altitude 1,600' m, C. M. Z. 16031.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, probably introduced; tropical and temperate regions of the world.
AMARANTHACEiE.
AMARANTH U§ Linn.
1. A. spinosus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 991.
Altitude not stated, G. M. Z. 16231.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially abundant in gravelly stream beds during the dry season; Tropics of the world.
CARYOPHYLLACEiE.
ARENARIA Linn.
1. A. serpyllifol ia Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 423.
Upper pine slopes, a weed in sweet-potato patches, G. M. Z. 16011.
Temperate and subtemperate regions of the world; known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
DRYMARIA Willd.
1. D. cordata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5 (1819) 406.
Weed in sweet-potato patches, altitude 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16061.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, probably introduced from tropical America; now distributed throughout the Tropics of the world.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
347
POLYCARPAEA Lam.
1. P. corymbosa (Linn.) Lam. 111. 2 (1797) 129.
Open slopes, pine region, altitude 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16058.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; Tropics of the world.
SAGINA Linn.
1. S. procumbens Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 128.
On rock outcroppings in open grass lands at the summit, altitude about 2,850 m, C. M. Z. 16060.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; widely distributed in the north temperate zone. '
RANUNCULACEiE.
CLEMATIS Linn.
1. Clematis macgregorii Merrill sp. nov. § Flammula.
Scaiidens, infiorescentiis exceptis glabra, clioica vel polygamo-dioica ; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis ovatis, membranaceis vel chartaceis, basi 5- vel 7-nerviis, cordatis, ’ apice breviter obtuse aeuminatis, integris vel supra pauce denticulatis; floribus tetrameris, paniculatis, sepalis extus ferru- gineo-pubescentibus; anther is apice longe aristatis.
A seandent woody vine, glabrous except the inflorescence, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Stems at least 5 mm in diameter, terete, covered with very large lenticels, the branchlets slender, striate, grayish- or reddish- bfown. Leaves 3-foliolate, or the upper ones sometimes simple, their petioles 2.5 to 7 cm long, the petiolules 1.5 to: 3 cm long, the leaflets ovate, membranaceous- or chartaceous, 4 to 6 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, somewhat shining when dry, the base broad, cordate, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, or sometimes obtuse or even rounded, the margins entire or sometimes with few, small, scattered teeth, especially in the upper part; nerves 5 or 7 from the base, rather distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, lax ; stipules about 4 mm long, often 1 cm wide, truncate, clasping the stem; tendrils infra-axillary, at least 6 cm long, branched. Inflor- escence axillary, and terminating the short lateral branches, paniculate, more or less ferruginous-pubescent, the pedicels 1-flowered. Staminate flowers 4-merous, the sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse 'or acute, densely ferruginous-pubescent with short hairs on the outside, 10 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide, rather finely 5- or 6-nerved. Petals none. Stamens many, 4 to 9 mm long, the connective slender, much produced above the anther, on the longer stamens often 3 mm in length, the anthers 1 to 1.5 mm long; filaments glabrous. Pistillate flowers larger than the staminate ones, the sepals similar but up to 18 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm wide. Petals none. Staminodes slender, linear, about 8, up to 14 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, some of them frequently antheriferous. Styles covered with long white hairs. Mature achenes unknown.
96832 — - — 6
348
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
At the base of the mossy forest, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 9929 Mc- Gregor, July 4, 1909, staminate flowers (type) ; also two specimens from Pauai, across the Agno River from Mount Pulog, in similar habitats, Bur. Sci. 8372 McGregor, June, 1909, staminate flowers,, and Bur. Sci . Means, July, 1907,
pistillate flowers.
Manifestly allied to Clematis aristata R. Br. of eastern Australia and eastern Malaya, but apparently sufficiently distinct from any of the hitherto described forms of that species. . •
2. C. leschenaultiana DC. Syst. 1 (1818) 151.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, V. M. Z. 16105.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region, and from Mount Apo, Mindanao; Malay Archipelago.
ANEMONE Linn.
1/ A. vitifolia Ham. ex DC. Syst. 1 (1818) 210.
In thickets and open places near the lower border of the mossy forest, altitude about 2,200 m, C. M. Z. 18125, McGregor 8879, Merrill 65U-
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, but otherwise unknown in the Philippines; Himalayan region to southern China, and Formosa. • . ,
Locally known as cabcabo and Merritt notes that the indumentum of the achenes is used by the Igorots as tinder.
RANUNCULUS Linn.
1. R. philippinensis Mejr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 99.
In the upper border of the mossy forest and in ravines along streamlets in the summit grass lands, Merrill 6608.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
BERBERIDACEiE.
BERBERIS Linn.
1. B. barandana Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip, (1886) 45; Schneider in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 5 (1905) 402.
In the mossy ‘forest above 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 18039, 18050, Merrill 6601, Mc- Gregor 8861/..
A species characteristic of the mossy forest of the high table-land of north central Luzon; apparently also found in Formosa. Very closely allied to B. wallichiana DC. of the Himalayan region, Khasia Mountains and southern China. The Igorot' name is bagis, and the bark is used as a purgative.
Mahonia nepalensis DO., the only other species of the family at present known from the Philippines, is also .a characteristic plant of the region, but has not as yet been found on Mount Pulog. Both must be considered as Himalayan types.
MAGNOLIACE^S.
TALAUMA Juss.
1. T. villariana Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 307.
In stream depressions in the pine region below an altitude of 1,400 m, C. M. Z. 18196, 18100.
Widely distributed in Luzon at low and medium altitudes; endemic.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
349
DRIMYS Forst.
1. D. piperita Hook. f. Ic. t. 896.
Very abundant in the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18037, 18043, Merrill 6600, Mc- Gregor 8897. Igorot, inototan.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, on the higher mountains from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao ; mountains of Borneo and New Guinea.
2. Neolitsea megacarpa Merrill sp. nov.
Arbor glabra vel subglabra, usque ad 15 m alta; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, nitidis, utrinque coneoloribus vel subtus leviter glau- cescentibus, acuminatis, basi triplinerviis ; nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, distinc- tis; fruetibus ellipsoideis, 2 cm longis.
A glabrous or subglabrous tree reaching a height of 15 m. Branches brown, terete, glabrous, the growing shoots somewhat pubescent. Leaves alternate, somewhat crowded toward the apices of the branchlets, oblong- elliptic, thickly coriaceous, shining, of the same color on both surfaces or slightly glaucous beneath, 8 to 12 cm long, 3. to 5 cm wide, when young often pubescent on the midrib beneath, base acute, apex acuminate ; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, the lowest pair reaching about to the middle of the leaf, laxly anastomosing, the secondary veins indistinct, the ultimate ones forming a very dense, subfoveolate reticulation; petioles 2.5 to 3 cm long, when young somewhat pubescent, ultimately glabrous; buds terminal and axillary, densely ferruginous- pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruit axillary, black or blue-black when mature, shining, ellipsoid or ovoid, 2 cm long, about 1.5 cm in diameter, wrinkled when dry, the persistent calyx disk-shaped, about 1 cm in diameter.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18110, 18144 > locally known as dundunosen ; also known from Mount Ugo, Benguet, B,ur. Sci. 5709 Ramos, December, 1908.
3. N. villosa (Bl.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) 261.
In stream depressions, pine region, G. M. Z. 18215. The specimen is sterile and quite glabrous, but is probably referable here.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Philippines; Malaya.
1. Machilus curranii Merrill sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, 5 ad 6 m alta; foliis late elliptico-ovatis, coriaceis, nitidis, utrinque coneoloribus 'vel subtus pallidioribus, basi aeutis, apice abrupte hreviter vel subeaudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6; fruetibus globosis vel depresso-globosis, eirciter 8 mm diametro.
LAURACEiE.
NEOLITSEA (Benth.) Merr.
1. N. microphylla Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 56. In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 18071.
Higher mountains of central and northern Luzon; endemic.
MACHILUS Nees.
350
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
A glabrous tree 5 to 6 m high. Branches dark-reddish-brown, terete, slender, the bud-scales very slightly pubescent. Leaves broadly' elliptic- ovate, coriaceous, shining, of the same color on both surfaces or paler beneath, 3 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 4 cm wide, the base acute, the apex abruptly and shortly acuminate, or the acumen subcaudate and nearly 1 cm long; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, not very prominent, scarcely anastomosing, the secondary ones indistinct, the ultimate veinlets forming a very dense, subfoveolate reticulation ; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers unknown, the inflorescence from the upper axils, in fruit 3 to 5 cm long. Fruits globose or depressed7globose, black, about 8 mm in diameter, but one or two on each infrutescence, the calyx-segments deciduous, a disk-like portion remaining at the base of the fruit.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 1805 If, 18080 (type). Locally known as maschip.
This species is well distinguished by its relatively broad leaves; it may ulti- mately have to be referred to Persea, as the calyx is not persistent. It seems, however, to have the other characters of Machilus, and is accordingly here placed in that genus.
CRUCIFERS.
CARD AM I N E Linn.
1. C. regel iana Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 73. |
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,300 m, C. ill. Z. 16090.
Eastern Asia and Japan, south to the Malay Archipelago; in the Philippines confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region.
NASTURTIUM R. Br.
1. N. indicum DC. Syst. Yeg. 2 (1821) 199, Prodr. 1 (1824) 139.
Altitude not given, probably in the pine region, C. ill. Z. 16089.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to Japan and Malaya.
NEPENTHACEiE.
NEPENTHES Linn.
1. N. a lata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 805.
In the pine region on open slopes, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 18188, locally known as cacalum.
Widely' distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; endemic.
DROSERACEiE.
DROSERA Linn.
1. D. peltata Sm. in Willd. Bp. PI. 1 (1797) 1546.
Grassy slopes in the pine region, below 1,800 m altitude, Merrill 6535.
Widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to China and Japan, through Malaya to Australia and Tasmania.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
351
CRASSULACEiE.
BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb.
1. B. pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 401 2 (1876) 309. Habitat not given, probably in the lower pine region, G. M-. Z. 1623 1/.
Widely distributed in the Tropics of the world, presumably a native of Africa; common and widely distributed in the Philippines.
KALANCHOE Adans.
1. K. spathulata (Poir.) DC. PI. Grass, t. 65, Prodr. 3 (1828) 395.
On dry rocks in open pine forests below 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16233, 16327.
Widely distributed in the Philippines ; India to southern China, Formosa, and
1. S. australe Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 16.
On boulders in stream depressions, lower pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 16326, Merrill 6J,8'h
Endemic; confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region.
SAXIFRAGACEiE.
ASTILBE Ham.
1. A. philippinensis Henry in Gard. Chron. (1902) 2: 155.
Widely distributed in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16072, Merrill 6574, McGregor 8903.
Known only from the pine area of the Benguet-Lepanto region; allied to Asiatic species.
DEUTZIA Thunb.
1. D. pulchra Vid. Rev. PI. Yasc. Filip. (1886) 124.
In the upper pine region, ravines, open slopes, etc., G. M. Z. 18114, Merrill 6554- Known only from the mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, and from those of Zambales Province, Luzon; allied to Asiatic species.
HYDRANGEA Linn.
1. H. lobbii Maxim, in M6m. Acad. Petersb. VII 10 (1867) 15.
Abundant and widely distributed in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 18058, 18060, 18078, Merrill 6587, McGregor 8830, 8831.
Widely distributed on the mountains of Luzon; endemic.
ITEA Linn.
1. I. macrophylla Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1831) 419.
In stream depressions below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18175, 18209.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium altitudes ; mountains of India to southern China, and Java.
This is quite the same form that Mr. Elmer has recently described as Itea luzonensis (Leafl. Philip. Bot-. 2 (1908) 528), but with the material at present available here for comparison, I can not discover sufficient reasons for specifically distinguishing the Philippine from the Asiatic plant.
352
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
POLYOSMA Blume.
1. P. philippinensis Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 16.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 18148.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines ; endemic.
PITTOSPORACEiE.
PiTTOSPORUM Banks.
1. P. pentandrum (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 19. In stream depressions below an altitude of 4,500 m, O. M. Z. 18198, 18213,
locally known as lasuit.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium alti- tudes; endemic.
2. P. resiniferum Hemsl. in Kew Bull. (1894) 344.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18090, McGregor 8868.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Philippines, a characteristic species of the mossy forests of the higher mountains; endemic.
ROSACE2E.
ROSA Linn.
1. R. multiflora, Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 214.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18168, Merrill 6532.
Widely distributed and abundant in the Benguet-Lepanto region, but otherwise not known from the Philippines ; Japan, southern China, and Formosa.
FRAGARIA Linn.
1. F. indica Andr. Bot. Rep. t. Ift9.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,100 m, G. M. Z. 16114.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Afghanistan to the mountains of India and the Malay Archipelago, China, and Japan.
RUBUS Linn.
1. R. copelandi Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 194.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,500 m, G. M,. Z. 16328, Merrill 6560.
Otherwise known only from a similar habitat at Pauai, across the Agno River from Mount Pulog.
2. R. ellipticus Sm. in Rees Cycl. 30, no. 16.
In the upper pine region, extending into the lower limits of the mossy focest, G. M. Z. 18156, Merrill 6562.
Known in the Philippines only from high or medium altitudes in the Benguet- Lepanto region; mountains of India, Ceylon, Burma, and southern China.
3. R. elmeri Focke in Bibliotheca Botanica 72 (1909) 112.
In the upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16111, 16112, Merrill 6542.
This recently described species is widely distributed in the pine region in northern Luzon, and is also represented by the following specimens: District of Lepanto, trail to Balbalasan, For. Bur. 5111 Klemme; Mount Data, Merrill 4651 : Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4305 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8331 Mc- Gregor; Baguio, Elmer 5192, Topping 121, For. Bur. 949 Barnes ; Mount Ton- glon, Bur. Sci. 5430 Ramos, For. Bur. 14161 Merritt; without definite locality,
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG. 353
Mearns s. n., Loher 221yk- It extends from an altitude of about 1,400 m to at least. 2, 200 m above the level of the sea; endemic.
4. R. fraxinifolius Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6 (1804) 242.
In the upper pine region, G. M. Z. 18155, and in the mossy forest, Merrill 6557.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, extending from sea level to an altitude of about. 2,250 m; widely distributed in Malaya. Doctor Focke writes that the Philippine material is all referable to the eastern subspecies eeleiicus (Bh), which differs-, from the form found in the Sunda Islands in some respects.
5. R. mearnsii Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 448.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16173, McGregor 8885.
Known only from similar habitats and altitudes in Benguet Province.
6. R. niveus Thunb. Diss. Rub. (1815) 9.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, Merrill 6533.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to Ceylon, China, and Malaya.
Doctor Focke writes that he can not distinguish from this species Rulus horsfieldii Miq. nor R. lasiocarpus Sm.
7. R. pectinellus Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 17 (1871) 147.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6565.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and also from Mount Apo, Mindanao; Japan.
8. R. rolfei Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 171.
In the upper parts of the mossy forest, Merrill 6602.
Known only from high altitudes in Benguet, from Mount Banajao, Luzon, Mount Plalcon, Mindoro, arid from Mount Canlaon, Negros.
9. R. sp.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6500.
A sterile specimen, representing possibly an undescribed species, as it is riot matched by any of our other Philippine material.
PYGEUM Gaertn.
1. P. glandulosum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci, 3 (1908) Bot. 226.
In stream depressions, lower pine region, G. M. Z. 18212.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; endemic.
2. P. sp. ?
in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 18076.
The specimen is sterile, and is hardly determinable; it may belong to some other genus, or even family.
LEGUMINOSiEL
PITH ECOLOBIUM Mart.
1. P. subacutum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 210.
In the pine region below 1,500 m altitude, C. M. Z. 18189.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; Celebes.
INDIGOFERA L.
1. I. nigrescens Kurz ex Prain in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 67 2 (1898) 286.
In the pine region, ascending to 2,000 m altitude, G. M. Z. 16225, Merrill 6395.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region ; Khasia Moun- tains and southwestern China.
354
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
PAROSELA Cav.
I. P. glandulosa (Blanco) Merr. supra 68.
In the pine region, altitude 1,500 ra, C. M. Z. 16226.
Introduced from Mexico, now abundant and widely distributed in Luzon.
DESMODIUM Desv.
1. D. sinuatum ('Miq.) Bl. ex Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 166.
In the pine region, ascending to 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 1603Jf.
Medium and higher altitudes in northern Luzon and in Mindanao ; India to China, Formosa, Malaya to New Guinea. »
2. D. microphyllum (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 337.
In grass lands, pine region, ascending to 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 18153: Philippine and extra-Philippine range as in the preceding species.
LOUREA Neck.
1. L. reniformis (Lour.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 324.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16227.
Known in the Philippines only from northern Luzon; Burma to China, For- mosa, Malaya, and northern Australia.
PHYLACIUM Benn.
1. P. bracteosum Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1840) 159, t. 33.
In stream depressions, pine region, ascending to 1,500 m altitude, C. M. Z. 16222.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially at low altitudes; Malay Pen- insula and Archipelago to New Guinea.
SHUTERIA W. & A.
1. S. vestita W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 207.
In the pine region, ascending to 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16221.
Known in the Philippines only from higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; India and Ceylon to southern China.
CAJANUS DC.
1. C. indicus. Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 248.
Stream depressions in the lower pine region, C. M. Z. 16033.
Cultivated by the' Igorots, and locally known as caldis; widely distributed in the Philippines, frequently cultivated; Tropics of the world.
FLEMINGIA Roxb.
1. F. cumingiana Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 245.
In the pine region, altitude 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 1622Ji.
Endemic.
PHASEOLUS L.
1. P. lunatus L. Sp. PI. (1753) 724.
In the lower pine region, C. M, Z. 16220, 16223.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines, frequently cultivated; Tropics of the world.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
355
OXALIDACEiE.
OXALIS Linn.
1. O. repens Thunb. Oxal. (1781) 16; B. L. Robinson in Journ. Bot. 44 (1906) 391.
Altitude not given, G. M. Z. 16096.
Widely distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa, Malaya, and North America; con- fused by most authors with 0. corniculata L.
RUTACEiE.
EVODIA Forst.
1. E. reticulata Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) 277.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, G. M. Z. 18074.
Previously known only from Mount Halcon, Mindoro.
2. E. dubia Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. 35 (1905) 23.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, C. M. Z. 18088, McGregor 8857. Known only from similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
M ELI COPE Forst.
1. M. luzonensis Engl, ex Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 161.
Stream depressions in the pine region below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18180, 18211.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; endemic.
BOENNINGHAUSENIA Reiehb.
1. B. albiflora (L.) Reiehb. Consp. (1828) 197.
Widely distributed in the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 16062, Merrill 6580, McGregor 8863.
Known in the Philippines only from similar habitats on the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region ; temperate Himalaya to China, Japan, and Formosa.
SKI MM I A Thunb.
1. S. japonica Thunb. Nov. Gen. (1783) 58.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, C. M. Z. 18046, 18085.
Known in the Philippines only from the higher mountains of the Benguet- Lepanto region; Himalayan region, China, Japan, and Formosa.
MELIACEJ3.
AGLAIA Lour.
1. A. elliptifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 413.?
In the pine region at an altitude of about 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 18199, locally known as saybong.
The specimen is sterile, but is apparently referable to the above species; previously known from the Batanes Islands.
356
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
EUPHORBIACE^E.
PHYLLANTHUS Linn.
1. P. benguetensis C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 78.
On steep slopes, pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, Merrill 6528.
Known only from similar habitats in Benguet Province.
2. P. reticulatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5 (1804) 298.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,300 m, C. M. Z. 18181.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; tropical Asia and Africa, Malaya.
3. P. sp.
Stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 161J/8.
Apparently an undeseribed form.
GLOCH 1 DION Forst.
1. G. merrillii C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 100.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 18146, and in the mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,500 m, G. M. Z. 16147, 18122, 18133.
Known only from similar habitats in Benguet Province.
2. G. luzonense Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 301.
On open grassy slopes, lower pine region, below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16075, 18190.
Known only from low and medium altitudes in central and northern Luzon.
BREYNIA Forst.
1. B. rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15s (1866) 440.
Stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18178.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to southern China, and Malaya.
BISCHOFI A Bl.
1. B. javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 1168.
Stream depressions in the pine region, below an altitude of 1,300 m, G. M. Z.
18214-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to southern China, Malaya, and Polynesia.
The oldest valid specific name for this plant is Bischofia javanica Bl. The publication of Andrachne trifoliata Roxb.= Bischofia trifoliata Hook., dates from the year 1832, the earlier use of the name by Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. (1814), being only as a nomen nudum.
BRI DELIA Willd.
1. B. sp.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 18195.
DAPHNIPHYLLUM Bl.
1. D. glaucescens Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 1153.
Mossy forest, altitude above 2,200 m, G. M. Z. 18151.
This form is known in the Philippines only from the Benguet region, and I am not quite sure as to the specific identity of the Philippine form with Blume’s species. D. glaucescens Bl. is supposed to extend from the mountains of India to Ceylon to Java, Korea, and Japan.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
357
CLAOXYLON Juss.
1. C. purpureum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 204.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 16151, 18092. Abundant and widely distributed in similar habitats in the Benguet-Lepanto region; endemic.
MALLOTUS Lour.
1. M. ricinoides (Pers.) Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 152 (1866) 963.
In stream depressions, altitude about 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 181J/3.
Widely distributed and abundant in the Philippines ; Tenasserim to southern China, and Java.
MACARANGA Thouars.
1. M. dipterocarpifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 205. Altitude not given, C. M. Z. 16150.
Known only from northern Luzon.
ACALYPHA Linn.
1. A. stipulacea Klotz. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1:416. In stream depressions, below an altitude of 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 18216, 18219. Widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; Malaya, extending to
the Fiji Islands.
2. A. grandis Muell.-Arg. var. velutina Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 5 2 (1866) 806.
Stream depressions, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 1611$.
The variety endemic, rather widely distributed in Luzon, the species in Malaya and Polynesia.
HOMALANTHUS Juss.
1. H. alpinus Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 307.
Stream depressions at an altitude of about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 18111.
At higher altitudes on the mountains of Luzon; endemic.
2. H. fastuosus (Morren) F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 196.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,600 m, G. M. Z. 1801$.
Widely distributed in the Philippines ; endemic.
CORIARIACEiE.
COR1ARIA Niss.
1. C. intermedia Matsum. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12 (1898) 62; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1908) Suppl. 205. .
Stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,800 m, Merrill 6526. Formosa.
ANACARDIACEiE.
PI STAC I A Linn.
1. P. philippinensis Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 107. Stream depressions below 1,100 m, G. M. Z. 16076.
A characteristic species of dry open slopes of stream depressions in Benguet, and at present known only from that Province. It is apparently closely allied to, and possibly identical with Pistacia formosana Matsum. Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 22 (1906) 99, pi. 9. It is known to the Igorots as sanguilo or sanguido, and the wood is utilized by them for making tobacco pipes.
358
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
AQUIFOLIACEiE.
ILEX Linn.
1. I. crenata Thunb. forma luzonica (Rolfe) Loes. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 78 (1901) 201.
Characteristic of the mossy forest above 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18040, 18109.
Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands, the forma luzonica in Luzon, the var. thompsonii (Hook, f.) Loes. in the Himalayan region. Characteristic of the higher mountains of Luzon, as far south as Mount Banajao; also, on Mount Canlaon, Negros.
2. I. gracilipes Merr. in Plnlip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 237.
Pine region below 1,700 m, G. M. Z. 18160.
Endemic.
3. I. sp.
Mossy forest, above 2,250 m, O. M. Z. 18069.
Apparently allied to I. crenata, and perhaps only a form of that species; specimen in fruit only.
4. Ilex pulogensis Merrill sp. nov. Thyrsoprinus, Indico-Malaicae.
Frutex vel arbor glaber, erectus; foliis elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 5 cm
longis, crasse coriaceis,' nitidis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7 ; racemis axillaribus> solitariis, brevibus ; floribus 5-meris.
An erect or parasitic shrub or tree 4 to 20 m in height, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, light-gray, shining, the branchlets dark- brown to nearly black, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves elliptic-ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, thickly coriaceous, shining and of the same color on both surfaces when dry, not punctate or glandular, the base cuneate, the apex acuminate; nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, not distinct, obscurely anastomosing, the secondary reticulations obsolete, the midrib slightly impressed on the upper surface, beneath prominent; petioles about 5 mm long. Racemes axillary, simple, solitary, 8 to 12 mm long, with from 8 to 15 flowers, the bracteoles ovate, acute, 1 mm long, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Flowers small, 5-merous, the sepals elliptic-ovate, rounded, about 1 mm long, imbricate. Petals about as long as the sepals. Anthers 1 mm long. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit globose, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter, 5-celled.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18099, 18145 (type), also represented by Williams 154 7 from Mount Santo Tomas, at a similar altitude and in a similar habitat. Merritt notes on the field label of no. 18145 that the species has a “balete” habit, that is, parasitic, similar to most species of Ficus of the section Urostigma.
Apparently most closely allied to Ilex spicatd Blume of Java, Sumatra, and New Guinea, but distinguished at once by its 5-merous flowers.
Very similar to Ilex halconensis (Merr.) comb. nov. (Embelia halconensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 297), differing in its shorter racemes and somewhat smaller leaves, which are not punctate beneath. Ilex halconensis, known at present only from Mindoro, was erroneously ascribed by me to Embelia. of the Myrsinaceae, being placed with doubt in the § Pattara. It is, however, a true Ilex, and is here transferred to its proper genus.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
359
CELASTRACEJE.
PERROTTETIA H. B. K.
1. p. alpestris Loesen. var. philippinensis (Vid.) Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1894) 141.
Garyospermum philippinense Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 89.
Mossy forest, altitude 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18094, McGregor 8865.
The variety widely distributed on the higher Philippine mountains, and also found on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo ; the species widely distributed in Malaya.
STAPHYLEACEiE.
TURPIN I A Vent.
1. T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 3.
In stream depressions, pine region altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18194, 18201.
Widely distributed in the Philippines ' at low and medium altitudes; India to southern China and Formosa to Malaya.
SAPINDACEiE.
GUIOA Cav.
1. G. perrottetii (Bl.) Radik, in Sitzb. Math.-Phys. Acad. Muench. 8 (1878) 302.
In stream depressions below an altitude of 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 18208, 18221.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes ; endemic.
SABIACEAE.
MELIOSMA Blume.
1. M. multiflora Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 25.
Lower parts of the mossy forest, extending into ravines in the upper pine region, as low as 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 18118, 18142; 18128, 18134, locally known to the Igorots as adopo.
Known only from the mountains of northern and central Luzon. .
RHAMNACEAE.
SAGE RET I A Brongn. ,
1. S. theezans (Linn.) Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. I 10 (1827) 360.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude below 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 16235, 18169.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region, the mountains of Ilocos Sur and Zambales; Baluchistan to India, southern China, and Formosa.
RHAMNUS Linn.
1. Rhamnus pulogensis Merrill sp. nov. § Eurhamnus, Gervispina.
Frutex erectus, 3 ad 4 m altus, partibus junioribus exceptis glaber; foliis elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 1.5 cm longis, subeoriaeeis, acuminatis, crenatis, crenulis in foliis junioribus valde glandulosis; fLoribus axilla- ribus, fasciculatis, pedicellatis, tetrameris,- ovario biloculare.
360
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
An erect, much-branched shrub 3 to 4 m high, glabrous except the branchlets and young leaves which are somewhat pubescent. Branches stout, terete, yellowish- or grayish-brown, the branchlets puberulent, slender, most of them terminated by a short, 1 to 2 mm long spine. Leaves alternate, mostly somewhat crowded, elliptic-ovate, coriaceous,
1 to 1.5 cm long, 5 to 10 mm wide, acuminate, base acute, margins rather densely crenulate, each tooth, in young leaves, bearing a small, oblong, brownish gland, which is early deciduous; nerves 2 to 4 on each side of the midrib, ascending, distinct beneath, the reticulations also very distinct on the lower surface; petioles 3 to 5 mm long; stipules acicular, about
2 mm long. Blowers axillary, fascicled, the pistillate ones 4-merous, their pedicels 2.5 to 4 mm long. Calyx 2.5 to 3 mm long, the lobes narrowly ovate, somewhat acuminate, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, slightly recurved, obscurely keeled within. Petals none. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 2-celled; style 1 mm long, cleft, the arms 0.5 mm long, recurved. Staminate flowers unknown. Bruit ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, black and shining when dry, blue when fresh, about 6 mm long (immature), the persistent calyx-base 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,400 m, For. Bur. 18102 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoTcke, January 6, 1909.
A species allied to the Asiatic Bhamnus virgatus Roxb., and B. dahuricus Pall., and to the Japanese B. ja/pomcus Maxim., but apparently sufficiently distinct from all described forms of these.
VITACEiE.
AMPELOPSIS Miehx.
1. A. heterophylla (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. Abhandl. Altad. Muench. 42 (1846) 196.
In stream depressions below an altitude of 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 16236, Merrill 6393.
Rather widely distributed in Luzon; India to southern China and Japan. The specimens cited above belong to the variety hancei Planch.
TETRASTIGMA Planch.
1. T. angustifolium (Roxb.) Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 439 ?
With the preceding, Merrill 639 Jf.
This species seems to be imperfectly known, but the specimen cited above apparently agrees closely with the plate in Wight’s' “leones” cited by Planchon. This form is widely distributed in the Philippines; Sumatra.
TILIACEiE.
TRIUMFETTA Linn.
1. T. pilosa Roth Nov. Sp. PL (1821) 233.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16100.
Luzon and Mindanao at medium altitudes; India to the Malay Peninsula, and Africa.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
361
GREWIA Linn.
1. G. sp.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 18124- The specimen is sterile, and Mr. Merritt notes that the bark is used by the Igorots for making string and rope,* locally known as arinao.
MALVACEAE.
si DA L.
1. S. rhombifolia L. Sp. PI. (1753) 684.
In stream depressions below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16238.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines; cosmopolitan in the tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres.
DILLENIACEiE.
SAURAUIA Willd.
1. S. elegans (Choisy) F.-Vill. Nov. App. (180) 19.
Ravines in the pine region below 1,700 m altitude, C. M. Z. 18166.
Common at medium altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and on mountains to the south; endemic.
THEACE^E.
EURYA Thunb.
1. Eurya coriacea Merrill sp. nov.
Arbuscula vel arbor glabra 2 ad 8 m alta; foliis ovato-ellipticis, crassissime coriaceis, nitidis, in siceitate plus minus aurantiacis, late brevissime acuminatis, acuminibus retusis, margine prominente glan- duloso-dentieulatis ; floribus pro genere magnis, 1.3 cm diametro, axillar- ibus, solitariis, sepalis petalisque retusis.
A shrub or tree 2 to 8 m high, glabrous throughout, even to the ultimate branchlets. Branches terete, reddish-brown or grayish, rather stout. Leaves rather crowded, very thickly coriaceous, ovate-elliptic, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.6 to 3.4 cm wide, yellowish and shining when dry, the base rounded or acute, the apex very shortly and broadly acuminate, the acumen .retuse, the margins rather prominently and regularly glan- dular-denticulate; nerves about 10 on each- side of the midrib, anas- tomosing, the reticulations and secondary nerves nearly as prominent as the primary ones; petioles stout, about 2 mm long. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, 1.3 cm in diameter, the peduncles stout, 3 mm long or less. Sepals' orbicular, retuse, entirely glabrous except for the ciliate margins, coriaceous, about 5 mm in diameter. Corolla-lobes ,obovate, retuse, about 8 mm long, 6 mm wide, thick, glabrous. Stamens 13, the filaments 2.5 to 3 mm long; anthers elliptic, obtuse, about 1.7 mm long. Pistillate flowers unknown.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, For. Bur. 18108 (type), 1804 7 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoJcJce, January 6, 1909.
362
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
A species apparently allied to Eurya macwrtneyi Cliamp. of Hongkong, but well characterized by its comparatively large flowers. In the latter character it is similar to E. amplexicaulis Moore (E. auriculata Elm.) of Mindoro and Negros, but the leaves of Moore’s species are very different.
I am disposed to refer to this species two other specimens from the same locality and habitat, 0. M. Z. 18052, with fruits about 3 mm in diameter, showing three, sometimes four, persistent styles, free to the ba'se, and G. M. Z. 18066, like 18052, but with much smaller leaves which are ovate or orbicular-ovate and 2 cm long or less.
2. Eurya buxifolia Merrill sp. nov.
Arbuscula vel arbor 2 ad 5.5 m alta, ramulis exceptis glabra; foliis parvis, ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis, late brevissime acuminatis, 1 ad
2.5 cm longis, nitidis, junior ibus subtris ad costam plus minus adpresse pubescentibus ; floribus parvis, axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, 5 ad 6 mm diametro', sepalis rotundatis vel acutis.
A shrub or tree 2 to 5.5 m high, glabrous except the young branchlets and young leaves. Branches terete, brown or gray, the young branchlets slender, more or less hirsute with short, often appressed hairs. Leaves somewhat crowded, very numerous, somewhat distichous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, coriaceous;, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 0.6 to 1.5 cm wide, shining .or somewhat dull when dry, pale-green or somewhat yellowish, glabrous, the younger ones appressed-pubescent on the midrib beneath, the base rounded or acute, the apex very shortly and broadly acuminate, rarely nearly acute, the acumen retuse, the margins distinctly and regularly glandular-denticulate; nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct beneath, anastomosing; petioles about 1 mm long. Staminate flowers axillary, white, solitary or in pairs, often nodding, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, their pedicels about 2 mm long, the bracteoles ovate, less than 1 mm in length. Sepals glabrous, or the outer ones sometimes slightly pubescent, retuse, the inner ones elliptic or broadly elliptic, 2.2 mm long, the outer somewhat smaller and rounded or ovate. Corolla-tube short, the lobes elliptic-ovate or elliptic, rounded or retuse, about 4 mm long,
2.5 to 2.8 mm wide. Stamens 7; filaments about 2 mm long; anthers
1.5 mm long, apiculate. Pistillate flowers similar to the staminate ones; ovary ovoid or globose; style 1.5 mm long, 3-cleft at the apex, the arms about 0.6 mm long. Fruit globose, 3 mm in diameter, tipped by the remains of the style; seeds many, compressed, about 1.5 mm long.
Widely distributed in the mossy forest, For. Bur. 16110, 18061/ (type), 180 1/1/, 18129 Curran, Merritt, & ZschoJclce, and also represented by the following speci- mens, all from similar habitats: District of Lepanto, Sagada, For. Bur. 561 If Iilemme ; Mount Data, Merrill 1/521 : Province of Benguet, Pauai, For. Bur. 11/ 1/1/5 Darling j Mount Ugo, Bur. Soil 5831/ Ramos j Mount Tonglon, For. Bur. 11/151/, 11/165 Merritt.
The same species is apparently represented by a Formosan specimen (sterile)
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
363
distributed from the Botanical Institute, Tokyo, as Eurya japonica Thunb., under the number 1369.
A species characterized by its small leaves and apparently sufficiently constant to warrant description as a distinct form. It is allied to Eurya acuminata DC., and to E. japonica Thunb., differing from both in its leaf-characters, and from the latter in its pubescent branchlets.
ADI NAN DR A Jack.
Adinandra montana Merrill sp. nov.
Arbor glabra 4 ad 10 m alta; foliis coriaceis elliptico-ovatis vel elliptieo-oblongis, integris, nitidis, apice breviter acuminatis, aeumi- nibus obtusis vel retusis, nervis- in pagina inferiore snbobsoletis, superiore tenuibus; floribus axillaribus, sepalis petalisque ad marginem eiliatis,
A glabrous tree 4 to 10 m high. Branches terete, grayish-brown, the ultimate branchlets reddish-brown and faintly angled. Leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, entire, thickly coriaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, brownish and somewhat shining when dry, the base acute, the apex usually more or less acuminate, often very shortly and broadly so, or almost rounded, the acumen blunt or somewhat retuse ; nerves subobsolete on the lower surface, on the upper surface faint, about 10 on each side of the midrib ; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary, white, often nodding, the pedicels stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Sepals broadly ovate, abruptly apiculate, 3 mm long, the margins ciliate. Petals obovate or narrowly obovate, in anthesis 12 mm long, rounded or somewhat retuse, the margins ciliate. Stamens about 30; filaments 7 mm long or less; anthers basifixed, 1.8 to 2 mm long, with few, scattered, rather stiff, white hairs. Ovary glabrous, 5-celled, each cell with many ovules; style about 9 mm long. Fruit ovoid, glabrous, somewhat fleshy, about 1.3 cm long, brown, shining; seeds brown, shining, irregularly compressed, about 3 mm long, minutely pitted.
The type'of this species is For. Bur. 45-58 Mearns & Hutchinson, from Mount Ma- landing, Mindanao, but I am unable to distinguish from it by any valid characters For. Bur. 18149 Gurrcm, Merritt, & Zschohke, from the lower parts of the mossy forest on Mount Pulog. The same species is also apparently represented by Bur. Sci. 4414, 4420 Mearns, Pauai, Province of Benguet, Luzon. A specimen from Mount Malaraya, Tayabas Province, differs in having smaller fruits and shorter pedicels, while two specimens from Mount Halcon, Mindoro, For. Bur. 4410, 4458 Merritt, have some of the leaves larger (reaching a length of 10 cm), with the nerves distinctly visible on the lower surface. It is possible that all these specimens are referable to a single species, but it is more probable that additional material will show sufficiently constant characters to warrant the separation of several closely allied forms.
The species is manifestly closely allied to Adinandra dumosa Jack, of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, but evident distinguishing characters are the smaller leaves, with the nerves at least visible on the upper surface in the present form.
96832 7
364
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
GUTTIFERiE.
HYPERICUM Linn.
1. H. japonicum Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 295, pi. 31; Lgv. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France IY 7 (1908) 591.
Habitat not given, probably in the upper pine region, McGregor 8884-
Common in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and occasional at medium and higher altitudes southward; Japan to eastern India southward to Australia and New Zealand.
2. Hypericum pulogense Merrill sp. nov.
Herba siiffruticosa, erecta, glabra, 20 ad 40 cm alta ; foliis sessilibus, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, obtusis, subtUs subglau- cescentibus, glancLulosis ; floribus 2.5 ad 8 cm diametro; capsulis trilocel- latis; styli 3.
An erect, glabrous, suffrutescent herb 20 to 40 cm high. Stems slender, terete, firm, reddish or yellowish, smooth, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, with two longitudinal lines along the internodes between each two pairs of leaves. Leaves chartaceons to subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 1 to 2 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, obtuse, sometimes slightly retuse, sessile but not connate, slightly glaucous and strongly glandular beneath; nerves slender, ascending, obscurely anastomosing. Flowers yellow, solitary in the upper axils, or in 3-flowered corymbs, 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter. Sepals oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6.5 mm long, 2.2 to '2.7 mm wide, glabrous, obtuse, coriaceous, the upper half distinctly glandular. Petals narrowly oblong-obovate, inequilateral, 14 mm long, 5 to 6 mm wide, sparingly punctate-glandular on the upper half and near the borders, rounded. Stamens in five phalanges. Ovary narrowly ovoid, 4 mm long, 3-eelled; styles 3, free throughout, 5 mm long. Capsule 5 to 6 mm long, narrowly oblong-ovoid, 3-celled; seeds oblong-elliptic, 1 mm long.
Abundant in the open grass lands of the summit, and also in open places in the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16091, Merrill 6577, McGregor 8875, 8880.
The third species of the genus to be found in the Philippines, and apparently most closely allied to Hypericum, perforatum Linn., which extends from Europe and northern Africa to northwestern India and northern and central China, intro- duced in North America.
VIOLACEyE.
VIOLA Linn.
1. V. toppingii Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 505.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16063bis, 16219, Merrill 6503, and in ravines in the summit grass lands, Merrill 6493.
Widely distributed at high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto1 region, and rather variable. As Viola serpens Wall, is construed in Hooker’s “Flora of British In- dia,” it seems to me that it would include this Philippine form. V. toppingii is represented also by the following specimens : District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 4509, 4565: Province .of Benguet, Pauai, Merrill 4769, Bur. Sci. 4363, 4388 Mearns; Baguio, Topping 119, Elmer 6042.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
365
BEGONIACEiE.
BEGONIA Linn.
L Begonia merrittii Merrill sp. nov. § Petermannia.
Herbacea vel suffruticosa, erecta vel subscandens, usque ad 2 m alta, glabra; foliis breviter petiolatis, inaequilateraliter lanceolato-ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, 5 ad 7 cm longis, oblique subcordatis, lobo inferiore rnulto ampliore, rotundato, margiue varie dentatis vel deutato-sublobatis, parce subulato-denticulatis> subtus sub lente miuute densissime albido- punctatis, glabris; peduuculis folio brevioribus, dichotomis ; floribus masculinis 3 ad 3.5 cm diametro; capsulis truncatis, aequaliter trialatis, 2 ad 2.5 cm latis.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, erect or subscandent, 1 to 2 m high, branched. Stems reddish-brown when dry, terete, glabrous, the ultimate branchlets slender. Leaves inequilaterally lanceolate-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, usually less than 3 cm wide, chartaceous, usually brownish when dry, not shining, paler beneath, glabrous, the lower surface under the lens minutely, densely, and obscurely white- punctate, base strongly inequilateral, obliquely subcordate, the lower lobe rounded, broad, the upper narrow, acute, the apex prominently sub- caudate-aeuminate, the margins variously dentate or dentate-sublobed, somewhat subulate-denticulate; nerves prominent, the reticulations sub- obsolete ; petioles 5 to 10 mm long ; stipules membranaceous, oblong- lanceolate, long and slenderly acuminate, 1 to 1.5 cm long, caducous. Male inflorescence once or twice dichotomous, the peduncle 1 to 2 cm long, the pedicels slender, 1 to 2 cm long, usually somewhat accrescent in fruit. Flowers 3 to 3.5 cm in diameter, pink, the sepals 2, orbicular, petals none. Pistillate flowers about as larg^asJjhe staminate »nes, the lobes much narrower than the sepals of the stamid&te flowers* Capsule 1.5 cm long, the apex truncate, including the wings 2 to* 2.5 cm wide, the base acute.
In the mossy forest above 2,250 m, G. ill. Z. 16116, Merrill 6502. The species is also well represented by a large series of specimens from the higher mountains of northern Luzon, as follows: District of Lepanto, For. Bur. 14491 Darling: Province of Benguet, Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5839 Ramos ; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4385 Mearns, Merrill 4181, Bur. Sci. 8496 McGregor ; Mount Lusod, For. Bur. 15136 Merritt & Curran; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Elmer 6254 (type), Bur. Sci. 5455 Ramos, Merrill 4823, Williams 1211, For. Bur. 11101 Whitford, For. Bur. 4996 Curran. All the numbers cited are from the mossy forest above the alti- tudinal distribution of Pinus insularis Endl., and the species is absolutely confined to the wet mossy forest.
The species is somewhat variable, but is manifestly allied to Begonia Cumin- giana A. DC., and to B. philippinensis, recognizable at once by its smaller, rela- tively narrower, and quite glabrous leaves.
2. B. manillensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 15 1 (1864) 323.
Grassy slopes, altitude about 1,800 m, C. ill. Z. 16115, Igorot, sasabang.
Endemic; known only from Luzon.
366
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
THYMELAEACEiE.
DAPHNE Tourn.
1. D. luzonica C. B. Rob. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35 (1908) 72, 75.
Rather abundant along the upper borders of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18072, Merrill 6487, McGregor 8852.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, a closely allied form in Yunnan. It is represented also by the following specimens: Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5783 Ramos ; Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5385 Ramos, For. Bur. 5047 Curran, and Benguet Province, without locality, Loher 4433.
Wl KSTROEM I A Endl.
1. W. lanceolata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 31.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16164-
Rather widely distributed in Luzon, mostly at medium altitudes.
ELAEAGNACEiE.
ELAEAGNUS Linn.
1. E. philippensis Perr. in Mem. Linn. Soc. Paris 3 (1824) 114.
Pine region, altitude about 1,250 m, C. M. Z. 18187.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; endemic.
MYRTACEiE.
LEPTOSPERMUM Eorst.
1. L. flavescens Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 3 (1797) 262; C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 335.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18051.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; Burma, through Malaya to tropical Australia and New Zealand.
PSIDIUM Linn.
1. P. guajava Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 470; C. B. Rob. 1. c. 336.
In the pine region, ascending to an altitude of about 1,800 m, C. M. Z. 18161.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines; introduced from tropical America, and now cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
DECASPERMUM Forst.
1. D. paniculatum (Lindl.) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 46 2 (1877) 61; C. B. Rob. 1. c. 337.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18101.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, more especially at low and medium altitudes; Bengal to Formosa southward through Malaya to Australia.
EUGENIA Linn.
1. E. acrophila C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 389.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18036, 18068.
Otherwise known only from Mount Tapulao, Province of Zambales, Luzon.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
•367
MELASTOMATACEiE.
OSBECKI A L.
1. O. chinensis L. Sp. PI. (1753) 490.
Commoii in the pine region below an altitude of 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 16168, 16329.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, from sea level to medium and higher altitudes; India to Japan southward to New Guinea and tropical Australia.
MELASTOMA L.
1. M. toppingii Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 38.
In the pine region, below an altitude of 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 18167.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region, and represented by the' type, Topping 17, from Baguio, also Williams lOlfl from the same locality, and by For. Bur. 11^82 Darling from Mount Malaya, Lepanto. In some respects the species closely approaches the genus Otanthera, but the connective being produced from 1 to 1.5 mm, it is considered best to retain the species in Melastoma, even though there is no great difference in the length of the stamens. The species is well characterized by its stellately or fasciculately arranged calyx-setae, the fascicles being subsessile or shortly pedicelled. The species belongs apparently in section III of the genus in Cogniaux’s monograph.
2. Melastoma bensonii Merrill sp. nov.
Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus, omnibus partibus pins, minus setoso-strigosus ; foliis 5- vel 7-nerviis, ovatis vel elliptico-ovatig, acutis vel. obscure acu- minatis, subtus pulcberrime et valde reticulatis; floribus pentameris, staminibus inaequalibus, antheris oblongis, major urn connectivis basi bre- viter (2.5 ad 3 mm) productis, antice bicalcaratis, minorum connectivis basi vix productis.
An erect, much branched shrub 1 to 2 m high. Branches brown, terete, the older ones glabrescent, the younger ones densely covered with slender, subappressed or ascending, subulate setae. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 4.5 ■ cm wide, the base rounded or somewhat acute, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, both surfaces with numerous slender, somewhat spreading, curved, subulate, 1 to 3 mm long setae; nerves 5 or 7, distinct, the reticulations beneath prominent, the ultimate ones olivaceous or blackish; petioles 5 to 18 mm long. Flowers 5-merous, pink, crowded in the uppermost axils or terminating the branchlets, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm long. Calyx about 8 mm long, densely covered with somewhat curved and spreading, subulate setae similar to those on other parts of the plant, the calyx- teeth about 3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, setose; bracteoles ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, setose, about 4 mm long. Petals obovate, slightly inequilateral, about 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, margins ciliate-setose, rounded. The five longer stamens 9 to 10 mm in length, their anthers oblong, 4 mm long, the connective produced 2.5 to. 3 mm,
368 •
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
and with two 1.5 mm long spurs in front, the five shorter ones 6 mm long, their anthers 3 mm long, the connective not produced, with two large tubercles in front.,
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18103. The following material is also referable here, all from the Benguet-Lepanto region: near Suyoc, mossy forest, altitude 2,000 m, For. Bur. 14456 Darling ; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4428 Mearns, altitude at' least 2,000 m; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Elmer 6252 (type), Williams 1210, altitude above 2,000 m, mossy forest.
This species, like the preceding, is apparently referable to section III of the genus as defined in Cogniaux’s monograph of the family; it has been confused with M. toppingii Merr., but is quite different from that species. Named in honor of Mr. Charles Benson who made the first ascent of Mount Pulog.
SARCOPYRAMIS Wall.
1. S. delicata C. B. Rob. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35 (1908), 72, 75.
Common in the mossy forest, Merrill 6497, McGregor 8855, C. M. Z. 16440, also at the base of ledges in the summit grass lands, C. M. Z. 16167.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of Luzon, and also known from Mount Halcon, Mindoro, and Mount Apo, Mindanao; mountains of Formosa.
M EDI N I LLA Gaudich.
1. M. cordata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 37.
Abundant in the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18095, Merrill 6578, McGregor 8862.
Common and widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto
region ; endemic '
2. MediniJIa pulogensis Merrill sp. nov.
Frutex, parti bus junioribus exceptis glaber, 3 ad 4 m altus; ramis ramulisque griseis, teretibus, novellis plus minus furfuraceis ; foliis oblongo-obovatis vel ' oblongo-ellipticis, oppositis, 5-plinerviis, petiolo usque ad 1.5 cm longo ; floribus ,6-meris, terminalibus, calycis dentibus brevibus.
A glabrous shrub, the young parts excepted, 3 to 4 m high. Branches and branchlets gray, terete, the youngest branchlets and leaves some- what furfuraceous, soon becoming quite glabrous. Leaves opposite, oblong-obovate to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, somewhat shining, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.5 cm to 3 cm wide, rounded or obtuse, rarely broadly and obscurely acuminate, base gradually narrowed, acute or acuminate- decurrent ; nerves 5, the outer pair much fainter than the inner three ; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers 6-merous, usually in threes at the apices of the branchlets, the calyx (in bud) cup-shaped, truncate, about 5 mm long, with 5 minute, obscure teeth, the pedicels 3 to 6 mm long.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18105.
•Manifestly very closely allied to Medinilla xohitfordii Merr.. ( Carioma tripli- nervia Rolfe), differing from that species chiefly in its much longer petioles.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
369
ONAGRACE.E.
EPILOBIUM Linn.
1. E. philippinense C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 3 (1908) Bot. 209.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16241, Merrill 6524.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; apparently closely allied to Epilobium Mmalayense Haussk. of India and southern China.
HALORRHAGACEiE.
HALORRHAGIS Forst.
1. H. micrantha (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Sieb. & Z'ucc. FI. Jap. Nat. 1 (1843) 25. Forming a dense mat in the Igorot footpath through the summit grass lands, Merrill 6591, McGregor 8841.
On the higher mountains of the Philippines; Himalayan region to China and Japan, Malaya, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.
ARALIACEiE.
ARALIA Linn.
1. A. hypoleuca Presl Epim. Bot. (1851) 250.
In the mossy forest above 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18135, also in gorges in the pine region at about 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 18112.
Higher mountains of Luzon. Forbes and Hemsley reduce this to A. spinosa Linn., giving the range of that species as Eastern Asia and Japan, and North America, from Canada to Texas.
SCHEFFLERA Forst.
1. S. caudata (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 118. Stream depressions in the pine region below 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 16331.
The specimen has very young flowers, and like most of our material from the Benguet region, differs slightly from the type; I have, however, detected no specific differences. Bather widely distributed in the Philippines at medium altitudes; endemic.
2. S. luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 218.
Mossy forest above 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18100; previously known only from Mount Banajao, Luzon.
3. S. microphylla Merr. 1. c.
Mossy forest above 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18088, Merrill 6564; known only from the higher mountains of Abra, Lepanto, and Benguet.
4. S. bianco i Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 109.
In stream depressions of the pine region below 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 18201 ; a sterile specimen from mossy forest, above 2,250 m, may be the same, G. M. Z. 18081.
Medium and higher altitudes on the mountains of Luzon; endemic.
5. Schefflera oblongifolia Merrill sp. nov. § Cephaloschefflera.
Arbuscula vel arbor 4 ad 15 m alta, partibns junioribus exceptis
glabra; foliis longe petiolatis, foliolis 10 ad 12, oblongis, crasse coriaceis,
370
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
apice breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subeordatis, usque ad 23 cm longis; floribus 5- vel 6-meris, in capitulis globosis dispositis, ebrac- teolatis ; capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro, racemose dispositis.
A shrub or tree 4 to 15 m high, glabrous, except the very young leaves and growing tips of the branches which are densely furfuraceous-pubes- cent. Branches light-gray, thickened. Petioles- 30 to 50 cm long; stipules very thickly coriaceous, almost woody, about 4 cm long; leaflets digitate, 11 or 12, very thickly coriaceous, usually brownish-yellow when dry, oblong; 18 to 23 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, shining, the apex acu- minate, the base rounded or subcordate ; primary nerves about 12, rather distinct, anastomosing, the secondary ones often distinct; petiolules 6 to 11 cm 'long. Flowers in. dense globose heads, ebracteolate, 5- or 6-merous. Heads 20 to 40 in each raceme, in fruit reddish or purplish, about 1 cm in diameter, glabrous, their peduncles 1 to 3 cm long; racemes 40 to 50 cm long, glabrous. Fruits in dense globose heads, 5 to 6 mm long, about 40 in each head, glabrous, narrowly obovoid, shortly 5- or 6-angled, the apical portion subcorneal, 5- or 6-sulcate, 5- or 6-celled; seeds narrowly oblong, flattened, 3.5 to 4 mm long.
In the mossy forest above 2,250 m, For. Bur. 18126 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce, January 7, 1909 (type) . I refer to the same species the following specimens: Province of Benguet, near Baguio, Loher 3589, For. Bur. 18321 Al- varez, Williams 1305, Elmer 8693; Mount Tonglon, For. Bur. lhhQh Darling: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 381ft. It is known to the Igorots of Benguet as colamot.
This species is allied to Schefflera blancoi Merr., and the last number cited was previously referred by me to that species. It is, however, very distinct from S. blancoi, differing in its more numerous, larger, more coriaceous leaflets, its much longer and glabrous racemes, much more numerous, smaller glabrous heads and other characters. Schefflera blancoi has subglobose to ellipsoid heads 2 to 3 cm long, from 5 to 10 heads in a raceme, the racemes short, paniculately disposed, the branches, and especially the heads furfuraceous-pubescent.
UMBELLIFERiE.
HYDROCOTYLE Linn.
1. H. rotund ifolia Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1832) 88.
Lower borders of the mossy forest and in the upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16036, Merrill 6537.
Abundant in the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of India and Ceylon to southern China and Formosa, Malaya, and tropical Africa.
If the synonymy as given by C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1879) 668 is correct, then the oldest valid name for this species is H. nitidula A. Rich. Monog. Hydrocot. (1820) no. 35, f. 33. The first use of the specific name rotundifolia by Roxburgh (1814), is a nomen nudum. H. rotundifolia Roxb. as interpreted by C. B. Clarke includes the two Philippine species recently described by Mr. Elmer, H. benguetensis and E. delicata.
[To be continued .]
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THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
(Concluded.)
By E. D. Merrill and M. L. Merritt.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory , Bureau of Science, and from the Bureau of Forestry, Manila, P. I.)
CLETIIRACEAE.
CLETHRA Linn.
1. C. luzonica Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 38.
Extending from the lower to the upper limits of the mossy forest, and one of the characteristic trees of this formation, C. M. Z. 18055, 18067, 18086, McGregor 8860, Merrill 6576.
Common at higher altitudes throughout the Benguet-Lepanto region; endemic. Ig., amogk.
ERICACEAE.
DIPLYCOSI A Blume.
1. D. luzonica (A. Gray) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 293, 1. c. 3 (1908) 378.
Mossy forest, extending to its upper limits, C. M. Z. ISO 48.
Higher mountains of northern and central Luzon, also in Mindanao; endemic.
RHODODENDRON Linn.
1. R. subsessile Bendle in Journ. Bot. 34 (1896) 357; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 379.
In ravines, pine region below the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18172, and also on exposed grass-covered slopes of the summit, above the mossy forest, a depauperate form, C. M. Z. 18035.
Higher altitudes of the Benguet-Lepanto region, apparently closely allied to the Formosan T. oldhami Maxim. ; endemic.
97605 371
372
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
VACCINIUM Linn.
1. V. barandanum Vid. Rev. PL Vase. Filip. (1886) 169; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 3 (1908) Bot. 376.
Common throughout the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16073, 18053, 18096. Ig., lusong. Higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, also on Mount Haleon, Min- doro ; endemic.
2. V. benguetense Vid. 1. e. 168; Merr. 1. c. 376.
In ravines, pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 18206.
Medium altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and also on Mount Tapulao, Zambales, and in Mindoro; endemic.
3. V. villarii Vid. 1. c. 166; Merr. 1. c. 374.
On rock outcroppings, open grass lands of the summit, C. M. Z. 16177. Common at higher altitudes on the mountains from northern Luzon to south- eastern Mindanao ; endemic.
MYRSINACEiE.
MAESA Forsk.
1. M. denticulata Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 48.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, C. M. Z. 18174-
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium alti- tudes; endemic.
ARDISIA Sw.
1. A. crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 17 (1834) 124, Prodr. 8 (1844) 134; Mez 1. c. 144.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18170.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; India to China and Japan, southward to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.
2. A. pardalina Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 148.
In the mossy forest above 2,250 m altitude, G. M. Z. 18130, 181 41, Merrill 6556.
At higher altitudes, Luzon to Mindanao; endemic.
3. Ardisia curtipes Merrill sp. nov. § Pyrgus.
Frutex vel arbor parvus, 3 ad 5 m altus, subglaber; foliis optime pseudo-verticillatis, elliptico-lanceolatis vel obovato-oblanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, subintegris vel leviter denticulatis, acutis vel acuminatis; petiolo 5 ad 10 mm longo; paniculis plus minus exsertis, minutissime ferrugineo-puberulis, glabrescentibus.
An erect shrub or small tree 3 to 5 m high, nearly glabrous throughout. Branches terete, striate, glabrous, brownish. Leaves pseudoverticillate, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate-oblanceolate, chartaceous, 6 to 11 cm long, 1.8 to 4 cm wide, glabrous, shining, the margins entire or minutely denticulate, the apex acute or acuminate, base narrowed, cuneate; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, the reticulations prominent; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Panicles terminal, exceeding the leaves, bipinnate, at first very minutely ferruginous-puberulent, becoming
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
373
quite glabrous. Flowers red or pink, subumbellately disposed at the ends of the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels about 1 cm long. Sepals broadly orbicular-ovate, acute, glandular-punctate- throughout, about 2 mm long and wide, imbricate, their margins very minutely puberulent or glabrous. Corolla-lobes elliptic-ovate or ovate, about 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, blunt, sparingly glandular-punctate in the upper part, the base rounded or subauriculate, imbricate, the tube less than 1 mm long. Anthers 3 mm long, apiculate, the filaments very short. Ovary fer- ruginous-puberulent at the apex ; style 4 to 5 mm long. ' Fruit subglobose or ovoid, about 1 cm in diameter, reddish, becoming dark-purple when mature, apiculate.
Confined to the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18093, 18097, 18137 (type), McGregor 8827; also represented by the following specimens: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 44 96 , Bur. Sci. 5956 Ramos: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4402, 4409 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8489 McGregor, all the above specimens from similar habitats as those from Mount Pulog.
This species is manifestly very closely allied to Ardisia serrata (Cav. ) Pers., which is widely distributed at low and medium altitudes in the Philippines; A. curtipes, however, differs constantly in its much smaller leaves, and in its shorter petioles, and accordingly is here separated from A. serrata. It is possible that the differentiating characters may be due to habitat, but, so far as our collections show, intermediate forms are not represented.
DISCOCALYX Mez.
1. D. philippinensis (A. DC.) Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreieh 9. (1902) 212.
In the mossy forest, altitude above 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 18138.
Widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and on other mountains in Luzon; the type ( Cuming 1385) came from the Province of Nueva Ecija, Luzon, according to Cuming’s own list of localities; endemic.
LOHERIA Merrill gen. nov.
Flores reductione sexus alterius unisexuales dioici, 4- vel rariter 5-meri. Sepala ut videtur imbricata, per anthesin aperta, basi usque ad medium partem connata, glabra, vix vel pauce punctata, . Petala basi breviter (0.5 mm) connata, glabra, supra prominente punctato-glan- dulosa, per anthesin reflexa, apice emarginata. Stamina petalis bene breviora ; filamentis latis, prope basim petalis affixa, quam antherae paulo longioribus ; antheris birimose dehiscentibus, basifixis, late triangularibus, acutis. Ovarium, glabrum, ovoideum ; stylo crasso, quam ovarium paulo longiore; stigmate diseoideo, lato. Placenta prope apicem uniseriatim 4-ovulata. Fructus globosus, monospermus. Semen globosum, albumine valde ruminato. Frutex parvus, erectus vix ramosus; foliis alternis, amplis, breviter petiolatis, integerrimis, minute punctieulatis versus caulis apicem dense congestis. Paniculae 1 ad 5, basi bracteis numerosis scariosis congestis subtensae in ramis specialibus axillaribus crassis apice cicatricosis suffultis.
374
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
Loheria bracteata Merrill sp. nov.
Frutex erectus vix ramo&us glaber, T ad 3 m altus ; f oliis subcoriaeeis, glabris, oblongo-obovatis vel late oblanceolatis, usque ad 32 cm longis, apice acutis, breviter late acuminatis, vel rotundatis; nervis utrinque circiter 15, prominentibus ; paniculis glabris, 5 ad 8 cm longis, in ramis specialibus, floribus racemoso-dispositis, tetrameris vel pentameris.
An erect, glabrous, unbranched shrub 1.5 to 3 m high, the upper portions of the stems stout, brown, 1 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, crowded at the apex of the trunk, oblong-obovate to broadly oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, 18 to 32 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, entire, smooth and shining when dry, glabrous, the apex blunt, acute, or shortly and broadly acuminate, sometimes rounded, gradually narrowed from above the middle to the base which is narrow and abruptly rounded, the lower surface with scattered, brownish, rounded glands; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, somewhat ascending, very prominent on both surfaces, anasto- mosing, the reticulations rather lax, distinct; petioles very stout, 1 cm long or less, sometimes nearly obsolete, 5 to 7 mm wide. Special branches bearing the inflorescence axillary, up to 5 or more on each trunk, stout, simple, terete, 2 to 4 cm long, the apical portions thickened and bearing numerous scars of fallen bracts, leafless or sometimes with a single much- reduced leaf, bearing at their apices numerous, many seriate, imbricate, oblong, scarious, membranaceous or chartaceous bracts .1 to 1.8 cm long, colored when fresh, usually brown when dry, forming a prominent involucre at the base of the panicle or panicles. Panicles one to five from the apices of the special branches, 5 to 8 cm long, glabrous, the primary branches few, mostly 1 cm long or less, spreading, the flowers racemosely disposed, comparatively few, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Flowers apparently pink, 4- rarely 5-merous. Sepals broadly triangular-ovate, acute, about 1 mm long, spreading in anthesis, united for the lower one-half, glabrous, with very few scatered glands or the glands entirely wanting. Petals 4, rarely 5, oblong-elliptic, reflexed from the middle in anthesis, the apex irregularly emarginate, about 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, prominently glandular in the upper one-half, the lower 0.5 mm united, forming a short tube. Disk obscure. Stamens 4, rarely 5, opposite and attached to the base of the petals, the filaments nearly 1 mm long ; anthers in the 2 flowers rudimentary, broadly triangular, acute, basifixed, the base broad, somewhat sagittate, shorter than the filaments, opening by two marginal, somewhat introrse slits. Ovary ovoid, with four ovules immersed in the apex of the placenta ; style 1.5 to 2 mm long, rather stout, somewhat longer then the ovary; stigma disciform. Fruit globose, 7 mm in diameter when fresh, red, 1-seeded, tipped by the remains of the style. Albumen prominently ruminate.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, For. Bur. 18083 Curran, Zschokke, & Merritt, January, 1909, with 9 flowers and immature fruit (type),
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG. 375
Suyoc to Pauai, Merrill 4783, November 7, 1907, with mature fruit: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Loher 3817, only leaves seen.
This proposed new genus .is probably most closely allied to Discocalyx Mez, from which it differs in its quite different flowers, notably in its triangular anthers, which are not sessile but which are borne on distinct filaments, its reflexed petals, and also in its seeds having a prominently ruminate albumen. In habit it is also quite different from most species of Discocalyx, but some species of the latter genus have their panicles borne on special axillary branches.
Loheria bracteata almost certainly includes, in part, the species described by Mez as Embelia porteana,13 but the type of that species is interpreted by me as being the specimen collected by Porte, from which the specific name was taken. There is in our herbarium a specimen of Loher 3817, consisting of leaves only, which was identified by Mr. Rolfe at Kew as “Ardisia— Vidal 1771”. This speci- men is without doubt identical with the material on which the above generic and specific description of Loheria bracteata is based. Mez cites in the description of Embelia porteana two specimens, as follows: “Philippinen : Luzon bei Manilla (Porte), bei Leponto [Lepanto] (Com. Flor. forest. Filip, n. 1771). — Herb. Leiden, Paris.” The latter specimen, Vidal 1771, was from the District of Lepanto, the same region from which the other specimens of Loheria bracteata were secured. Mr. Rolfe has kindly reexamined the material in the Kew Herbarium, and informs me that the specimen of Vidal 1771 is in fruit, and that Loher 3817, in flower, appears to represent the same species. Vidal gives the Igorot name as gubgubao.
Embelia porteana Mez, as described, is a very characteristic species, but in our extensive collections from all parts of the Philippines I could find no specimen that agreed perfectly with the description, but the material cited above had been tentatively referred to it, partly on the description and partly on the basis of Loher’s specimen identified at Kew as equaling Vidal 1771; at the same time another series of specimens from Mindoro and Polillo that also agreed with the description in many particulars, but which represented a species quite distinct from the Benguet-Lepanto form, was placed with Embelia porteana Mez. After a careful study of all the material available here I was forced to come to the conclusion that Embelia porteana Mez is a composite species based on two quite different plants, although forms having somewhat similar gross characters and habit. In order more definitely to determine the matter two specimens, represent- ing the two forms I had identified as E. porteana Mez, were sent to M. Gagnepain, of the Museum of Natural History, Paris, for comparison with Porte’s specimen, the type of Mez’s species. The specimens sent were Fop. Bur. 18083 Curran, Merritt, d Zschokke, cited above, the high mountain form from the Benguet- Lepanto region, and Bur. Sci. 10411 McGregor, a low-country form from Polillo. The difficulties in the identification of Embelia porteana Mez were pointed out, with the suggestion that the species was probably based on a mixture of two different forms, and that the Polillo plant, representing the low country form, and which agreed in the most essential characters with Mez’s description, would probably more closely match Porte’s specimen. It was not at all probable that Porte was able to penetrate the interior of northern Luzon at the time of his visit to the Philippines (1864), the Lepanto region being at that time rather inaceesible. M. Gagnepain has kindly made the desired comparison, and writes as follows :
r “Le Museum ne possede de cette espece [ Embelia Porteana Mez] qu’ une feuille cassee S. la naissance du limbe (il est impossible done de dire si elle est petiol4e) , plus 2 inflorescences detachees.
Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 302.
376
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
“Quant 3. la locality precise je ne puis vous la donner pour la raison que l’etiquette de colleeteur manque et que l’etiquette du determinateur, Ad. Brong- niart, est libellee ainsi, sans autre indication: ‘Choripetalum Porteemum Ad. Br. spec. nov. Manille - Porte, 1864.’ ”
As a result of the comparison M. Gagnepain reports that Embelia porteana Mez, that is, Porte’s specimen, is matched very closely by the foliage of Bur. Sci. lOJtll McGregor, even to the oblong transparent glands of the leaves, except that the leaves are slightly larger (30 by 10 cm, in the type 22 by 6.5 cm), but that the inflorescence is somewhat different in that the flowers are umbellate at the extremities of the secondary branches of the inflorescence, and the sepals are acuminate, but that For. Bur. 18083 Curran, Merrit’i, & Zschokke, represents a quite different species, He suggests that the flowers and leaves of Porte’s specimen may have come from separate plants.
I have very little doubt, however, but that Mr. McGregor’s specimen really represents Embelia porteana Mez, for on reexamination of our material I find that the sepals are sometimes acute or even blunt, and that the flowers are in part subumbellate and in part racemose. The specimen agrees not only in leaf- characters with Porte’s plant, as determined by M. Gagnepain, but also with Mez’s description as to the puberulent inflorescence, size of the flowers, ciliolate and puncticulate sepals, and characters of the petals and Stamens. Mez has described the species as having 3-merous flowers, but on our material 4-merous flowers are the rule, with occasional 3-merous and occasional 5-merous ones in the same inflorescence; the hurried sketch of a single flower supplied by M. Gagne- pain, taken from Porte’s specimen, shows a 4-merous one.
If I am correct in my assumption that two distinct forms are included in the original description of Embelia porteana Mez, then the diagnosis of that species must be corrected as follows:
Delete : ( Eolia ) . . . apice acumine brevissimo peracutoque impositi rotundata . . . subcoriacea . . . utrinque optime prominenti-reticulata, punctulis minutis atris op conspersa .... Bacca optime carnosa, crasse ellipsoidea, 5 mm diam., apice stylo persistente crasso brevique in stigma disciforme desinente valde api- culata.
Add : An erect, unbranched shrub 0.5 to 0.8 m high, the stems terete, glabrous, brown, nearly 1 cm in diameter at the apex. Leaves alternate, crowded at the apices of the stems, chartaceous, broadly oblong-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic- lanceolate, 20 to 30 cm long, 5.5 to 10 cm wide, glabrous except for the very numerous, minute, obscure, brown or pale, lepidote scales beneath, with no black dots, but with numerous transparent, oblong glands in transmitted light, entire or obscurely toothed, brown when dry, scarcely shining, the apex rather abruptly and sharply subcaudate acuminate, narrowed below to the narrow and abruptly rounded base which is at most 1.5 cm in width; nerves 16 to 18 on each side of the midrib, ascending, anastomosing, prominent beneath, not prominent on the upper surface, the reticulations lax, nearly or quite obsolete on the upper surface ; petioles stout, 1 cm long or less, often nearly obsolete, the stem among and im- mediately below the leaves with numerous, imbricate, scarious, membranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, brown bracts (scarcely stipules) 1 to 4 cm in length. Panicles few, solitary, slender, in the upper axils, including the peduncles 9 cm long or less, bipinnately paniculate, the peduncles slender, up to 6 cm in length, the primary branches about 1 cm long, the flowers racemosely or subumbellately arranged, their pedicels up to 2.5 mm in length. Staminate flowers yellowish, 2 mm long, 4-merous, rarely 3-merous or 5-merous.
As interpreted by me, this species is represented by the type, collected by Porte ( Paris Herbarium ) , and by the following specimens : Mindoro, south of
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
377
Lake Naujan, in forests at an altitude of about 8 m, For. Bur. 6886 Merritt, April, 1907, with staminate flowers. Polillo, in forests, Bur. Sci. lOlfll Mc- Gregor, October, 1909, staminate flowers.. A form with broader leaves (11 cm), their margins distinctly sinuate-dentate is represented by a specimen from Min- doro, Alag River, Merrill 577/S, November, 1906, in forests at an altitude of about 140 m, with immature fruit.
Embelia porteana Mez, if the species has been correctly interpreted by me, is so distinct in habit from all others of the genus, and differs also in its anthers being basifixed, gradually merging with the filaments, and opening by terminal or subterminal pores, that I am of the opinion that the section should be raised to generic rank. Before taking this step, however, it will be advisable to make a very careful examination of Porte’s specimen, and a critical comparison of the same with recently collected material, because Doctor Mez gives two characters, undoubtedly taken from Porte’s specimen, that I have been unable to observe in the material I have referred to Embelia porteana; these characters are the rudi- mentary ovary in the staminate flower, which is quite wanting in our two specimens, and the anthers glandular on the back, which also does not apply to Our material.
The specimen collected by Porte, although undoubtedly Philippine, was in all probability not collected near Manila. I have no information as to the regions visited by Porte, and, at least in the case of the present species, no definite local- ities are given on his labels. Judging from other species collected by him in the Philippines, he may have botanized in Mindoro, or in parts of Luzon opposite to that island.
Loheria is named in honor of Mr. A. Loher, well known for his extensive col- lections of Philippine plants. It is a monotypic genus confined to the mossy forests of the mountains of northern Luzon above an altitude of 2,000 m. Embelia porteana Mez, on the other hand, is found in more or less humid forests in the low country, from about sea level to an altitude of about 150 m.
EMBELIA Burm.
1. E. philippinensis A. DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 83; Mez 1. c. 306.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, McGregor 8812, Merrill 6559.
Widely distributed in the Philippines; endemic. The above specimens differ slightly from the original form of the species, chiefly in the pedicels exceeding the bracteoles in length.
RAPANEA Aubl.
1. R. philippinensis (A. DC.) Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 364.
• In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, O. M. Z. 18038, 18139.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially at higher altitudes, although in some localities found near sea level; endemic.
PRIMULACEiE.
LYSIMACHIA (Tourn.) Linn.
1. L. ramosa Wall. Cat. (1828) no. 1490, nomen ; Duby in DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 65.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 16099.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region and from Mount Halcon, Mindoro; Himalayan region, Khasia Mountains, Burma, and Java.
378
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
SYMPLOCACEiE.
SYMPLOCOS Linn.
1. S. depauperata Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. 29 (1905) 45.
Abundant and widely distributed in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 18059, 18015, 18101, McGregor 8829, 8895.
At higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, a variety in the mountains of Panay; endemic.
2. S. imbricata Brand in Philip. Journ. Sei. 4 (1909) Bot. 108.
In the mossy forest, altitude above 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 18091, Merrill 6 58 If. Known only from the mountains of Benguet and Zambales Provinces, Luzon.
3. S. whitfordii Brand 1. c. 3 (1908) Bot. 8.
In the mossy forest, above an altitude of 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 16330, 18089. Previously known -only from Mount Banajao, Luzon.
OLEACEAS.
JASMINUM Linn.
1. J. aculeatum (Blanco) Walp. in Linnaea 16, Litterb. 3, 12; Hassle, in Flora 47 (1864) 50.
In the pine region, altitude below 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 18191; the specimen is sterile but is apparently referable here.
Widely distributed in the Philippines but local; endemic.
LQGANIACEiE.
BUDDLEIA L.
1. B. asiatica Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 72.
In the upper pine region, G. M. Z. 18151.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to China and Malaya.
GENTIANACEiE.
GENTIAN A Linn.
1. G. luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 224.
Abundant in the open grass lands of the summit, flower open only when the sun is shining, G. M. Z. 16098, Merrill 6611, McGregor 8892.
Known only from Mount Data, in Lepanto, and Pauai, in Benguet, with a very closely allied, if not identical form on Mount Banajao, Laguna. The speci- mens cited above, as well as others recently collected at Pauai are much taller than the type, but are manifestly the same species.
SWERTIA Linn.
1. S. decurrens C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 214.
On grass covered slopes in the upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16169.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet region.
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379
ASCLEPIADACEiE.
SARCOSTEMMA R. Br.
1. S. brunonianum W. & A. in Wight Contrib. (1834) 59; Ic. t. 1282.
Habitat not given, probably in stream depressions in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16035 ; also represented by two other collections from Benguet Province, Bur. Sci. 3 4 87 Mearns, Elmer 5991.
This species has been identified by comparison with descriptions and figures only, and I can detect no characters by which it can be separated from the Indian form; Deccan Peninsula, India, ascending to 1,300 m in the Nilgherry Mountains, and Ceylon.
TYLOPHORA R. Br.
1. T. sp.
Pine region below 1,300 m, C. M. Z. 16093.
Probably an undescribefl species, apparently allied to Tylophora elmeri Schltr.
HOYA R. Br.
1. H. cumingiana Dene, in DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 636.
On boulders in stream depressions in the pine region, altitude 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16094, Merrill 6352.
Endemic; very closely allied to H. dens-ifolia Turcz., of Java, and the latter species perhaps not specifically distinct. See Backer Ie. Bogor. 3 (1908) 157, t. 257.
CONVOLVULACEiE.
IPOMOEA Linn.
1. I. batatas (Linn.) Poir. in Lam. Eneyel. 6 (1804) 14.
Extensively cultivated by the Igorots throughout the area below the lower limits of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 18158.
Tropical and subtemperate parts of the world; extensively cultivated. The sweet potato.
BORAGINACE^E;
EH RET I A Linn.
1. E. philippinensis A. DC.. Prodr. 9 (1845) 504.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 18198.
An endemic species widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; perhaps not specifically distinct from the widely distributed Indo- Malayan-Australian E. laevis Roxb.
TOURNEFORTIA Linn.
1. T. horsfieldii Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 927.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16103.
At medium altitudes in Luzon; Malaya.
CYNOGLOSSUM Tourn.
1. C. furcatum Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1824) 6.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16332.
In the Philippines known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Afghanistan to India, Ceylon, China, and Japan.
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MERRILL AND MERRITT.
VERBENACEiE.
PREMNA Linn.
1. P. odorata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 488.
In stream depressions, altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 18220.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines at low altitudes; endemic.
CALLICARPA Linn.
1. C. caudata Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 31 (1887) 76.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,700 m, G. M. Z. 18163, and apparently also G. M. Z. 18127, a less tomentose form, from the mossy forest.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Philippines; endemic.
2. Callicarpa stenophylla Merrill sp. nov.
Arbuscula 3 ad 4 m alta, ramis gracilibus, teretibus, glabris, ramulis densissime stellato-pubeseentibus ; foliis lanceolatis vel anguste lanceo- latis, usque ad 15 cm longis, 1 ad 2 cm latis, denticulatis, sensim louge subcaudato-acuminatis, supra subglabris vel pilis brevibus simplicibus praeditis, subtus minutissime glandulosis et plus minus dense stellato- tomentosis ; floribus brevibus, tetrameris.
A shrub 3 to 4 m high, the young branchlets densely stellate-pubescent, the leaves beneath more or less densely and simply (not plumose) stellate-pubescent. Branches slender, terete, glabrous, grayish- or red- dish-brown. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, membranaceous or chartaceous, 7 to 15 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, straight or somewhat falcate, the upper surface subglabrous, or with scattered, very short, simple hairs, the lower surface with numerous, very minute, dark- colored, yellow, or reddish glands, and also more or less densely pubescent with rather pale or brownish, stellately arranged hairs, the margins denticulate, the base acute, the apex gradually and slenderly long- acuminate; nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, anastomosing ; petioles stellate-pubescent, . 2 to 4 mm long. Cymes axillary, solitary, about 2 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, rather dense, stellate-pubescent, the bracts subtending the primary branches linear- lanceolate, 3 mm long, the bracteoles similar, 1 mm long, the pedicels very short. Calyx nearly glabrous, about 1 mm long, cup-shaped, obscurely 4-angled, and with 4 short teeth. Corolla 2 mm long, sub- equally 4-lobed, the lobes rounded, 0.4 mm long. Filaments exserted, 3 mm long; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3 mm in length. Fruit purple, globose, about 1.5 mm in diameter when dry.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 18162. The type of the species is Bur. Sci. 5739 Ramos, from the Sablan River, near Baguio, Benguet, and it is also represented by Bur. Sci. 5790 Ramos, probably from the same locality, and For. Bur. 16571^ Darling, from the District of Lepanto, Mount Malaya, alti- tude about 1,500 m.
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381
Probably most closely allied to Gallicarpa caudata Maxim., differing in its less dense and simply stellate, not plumose-stellate indumentum. It is well charac- terized by its narrow leaves which are very long and slenderly acuminate.
LABIATE.
SCUTELLARIA Linn.
1. S. luzonica Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6549, McGregor 888 1, above 2,250 m altitude; also in stream depressions, altitude 1,450 m, G. M. Z. 16010.
Widely distributed at higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and occur- ring on the mountains southward; Formosa.
When writing the original description Mr. Rolfe had two specimens collected by Lobb in Luzon, and the material above cited agrees with the specimen designated by him in the Kew herbarium as the type ; the other specimen of Lobb’s is the small- leaved form recently described by Mr. Elmer as Scutellaria ma/rivelensis (Lead. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 516). Intermediate forms occur, and I am disposed to consider S. marivelensis Elm. to be only a form of 8. luzonica Rolfe with reduced leaves. Scutellaria russeliaefolia Yatke Bot. Zeit. 30 (1872) 716, based on a specimen collected by Jagor in Luzon, the type of which I have seen in the Berlin Herbarium, is also closely allied to S. luzonica, and may prove to be only a large- leaved form of the latter. Merrill 3925 from Mount Arayat, Luzon, consists of material that, so far as the leaves are concerned, shows typical S. luzonica, S. marivelensis, and I feel confident that but a single species is represented by that number.
LEUCAS R. Br.
1. L. mollissima Wall. PI. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 62.
In the pine region below 1,500 m altitude, C. M. Z. 16338.
This species has not definitely been reported from the Philippines previously, but appears to be widely distributed in Benguet. It is represented also by Topping 53, 131, Elmer 6516, Williams 1360, and Bur. Sci. 5323, 5456 Ramos, all from Benguet. Philippine specimens identified at Kew as Leucas marrubioides Desf., appear to belong here, at least in part (Loher 4226). Leucas sericea Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 340 is also closely allied; it appears to be the same as Vidal 3468 from Panay, determined at Kew as L. marrubioides Desf.
India to southern China, and Formosa.
POGOSTEMON Desf.
1. P. philippinensis Moore in Journ. Bot. 43 (1905) 146.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6558, C. M. Z. 16065.
Known only from higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and from the mountains of Panay.
HYPTIS Jacq.
1. H. capitata Jacq. Coll. 1 (1786) 102.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. ill. Z. 16068.
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines; introduced from tropical America. Briquet 14 has referred Philippine material ( Guming 591 ) to Eyptis lanceolata Poir. This specimen is apparently identical with our abundant Phil- ippine collections identified as E. capitata Jacq.
14 Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genev. 2 (1898) 225.
382
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
COLEUS Lour.
1. C. macranthus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 234.
Common in the mossy forest, Merrill 660 If, C. M. Z. 161Jf6.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
2. C. crispipilus Merrill comb. nov.
Coleus macranthus var. crispipila Merr. 1. c.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6553, McGregor 8896, C. M. Z. 16066.
Like the preceding known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; I am now of the opinion that this form is worthy of specific rank. The fresh plant is aromatic when crushed.
3. Coleus zschokkei Merrill sp. nov.
Suflruticosus, erectus, circiter 60 cm altus, ramulis, foliis, inflores- centiisque cinereo-puberulis ; foliis parvis, elliptico-ovatis vel ovatis, acutis vel acuminatis, circiter 3 cm longis, subtus dense glandulosis ; inflores- centiis circiter 15 cm longis; calycibus fructiferis declinatis, intus nudis, dentibus lateralibus brevibus, truncatis.
Suffrutescent, erect, about 60 cm high, branched, the stems about 8 mm in diameter, the branches stout, obscurely 4-angled, brown, puberulent. Leaves elliptic-ovate to elliptic, rather thin, densely gray-puberulent, about 3 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, beneath strongly and densely glandular- punctate, the apex acute or acuminate, the base acute, margins crenate or crenate-dentate in the upper two-thirds; nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, ascending; petioles puberulent, 3 to 10 cm long. Inflorescence about 15 cm long, puberulent, the verticils of lax, 1.5 cm long, few-flowered cymes. Flowers purple, the pedicels pubescent, slender, about 5 mm long. Calyx glandular and pubescent, 5.5 mm long in fruit, declinate, glabrous within, the lower lip oblong-lanceolate, about 4 mm long, cleft into two, lanceolate, acuminate, 0.8 mm long teeth; upper lip much shorter, 3-toothed, the middle tooth elliptic- ovate, rounded, 2 mm long, the two lateral ones rectangular, truncate, 1 mm long and wide. Corolla purple, with minute, scattered glands, and slightly ciliate, 8 mm long, the tube slender, deeurved; upper lip broad, irregularly lobed, about 2 mm long, the lower one boat-shaped, somewhat hooded, 5 mm long. Upper portions (2.5 mm) of the filaments free, the remainder connate into a tube. Nutlets rounded, compressed, black, shining, 1 mm in diameter.
In stream depression, lower pine region, Merrill 6529 (type), and in grass lands in the open pine region, altitude about 1,700 m, C. M. Z. 16325.
Quite different from any of the other Philippine species of the genus; recog- nizable by its comparatively small leaves, and by its grayish puberulence.
PLECTRA ISITH US L’Her.
1. P. diffusus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 235.
In the pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, G. M. Z. 16061, 1,6228.
Known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
383
CALAMI NTH A Moench.
1. C. umbrosa (Bieb.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 232.
Upper pine region extending into the lower limits of the mossy forest, G. M . Z. 16069, Merrill 6582, McGregor 8824.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Caucasas Mountains, India, Ceylon, China, Japan, Formosa, and Java.
SOLANACE.ZE.
SOLAN UM Linn.
1. S. inaequ ilaterale Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 236.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16200.
This form is known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; it may not prove to be specifically distinct from the widely distributed 8. torvum Sw. 8. unaequi- laterale, however, is entirely unarmed.
2. S. nigrum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 186.
In the mossy forest, altitude about 2,300 m, G. M. Z. 16063. Mr. Merritt notes that the local name of this plant is natang, and that the leaves are eaten by the Igorots.
Abundant in the Philippines at all altitudes; temperate and tropical parts of the world.
3. S. retrorsum Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 342.
Stream depressions in the pine region below an altitude of 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16202.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region. In addition to the type speci- men cited in the original description, the species is also represented by the fol- lowing material: Loher 4378, 4379 (herb. Kew), Vidal 3366 (herb. Kew), For. Bur'. 4874, 15595 Curran, Bur. Sci. 5362 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 3375, 3415 Mearns, Elmer 6073, Williams 1074-
4. S. verbascifolium Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 184.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 18177.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; Tropics of the world.
5. Solatium schizocalyx Merrill sp. nov. § Lysianthes, Lobanthes.
Herbaceum vel suffruticosum, erectum, ramosum, subglabrum ; foliis
petiolatis, alternis, solitariis, in ramnlis geminis, altero dimidio tertio minore, memhranaceis vel snbchartaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, integris, longe. aeuminatis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, binis vel fas- cicnlatis, albidis vel pallide pnrpnreis, 1 ad 1.3 cm longis; caly Gibus 10-dentatis, dentibus subulatis.
An erect, branched, often suffrutescent herb 1 m high or less, sub- glabrous. Branches terete, rather slender, grayish or dark-colored, glabrous, the ultimate branchlets sometimes slightly pubescent. Leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate1, membranaceous or subchartaceous, glabrous or with few, scattered, short hairs on the nerves on both surfaces, 4 to 15 cm long, 1.5 to 4.5 cm wide, often dark-colored and somewhat shining when dry, entire, the base decurrent-acuminate, the apex 'long and slenderly acuminate, those on the stems alternate, on the
384
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
branches in pairs, the smaller one of each pair one-third to one-half shorter than the- other; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, ascending, rather distinct- on the lower surface; petioles 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, in pairs, or in fascicles of 3 or 4, white to pale-purplish, the pedicels 1 to 2.5 cm long, in. anthesis somewhat thickened upward, spreading or reflexed, rarely erect or ascending, glabrous. Calyx glabrous or slightly and obscurely puberulent, somewhat funnel-shaped, becoming broadly cup-shaped in anthesis, the rim subentire, the 10 ridges extending as narrow, stout, blunt teeth 1 to 2 mm in length, the calyx in bud prominently ridged, in anthesis the ridges becoming more obscure, the calyx splitting down one side. Corolla-tube about 4 mm long, the lobes 5, oblong-ovate or ovate, acute, 7 to 9 mm long. Anthers 5, oblong, about 5 mm long. Style about 8 mm long. Fruit globose, fleshy, 1 cm in diameter (immature).
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16201, 16203, Mc- Gregor 8814, Merrill 6588. From similar habitats, Bur. Sci. 4401, 3418 Mearns, Pauai, Benguet, and Merrill 4548 (type), from Mount Data, District of Lepanto, Luzon.
This species is manifestly allied to Solatium hiflorum Lour., but is apparently sufficiently distinct from that and all hitherto described allied forms. Its distin- guishing features are in being nearly glabrous, with comparatively large flowers, and its calyx splitting down one side.
LYCOPERSICUM Tourn.
1. L. esculentum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) no. 2.
Cultivated by the Igorots, pine region, altitude about 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 16335.
Cultivated and subspontaneous throughout the Philippines, introduced from tropical America; cultivated everywhere in temperate and tropical regions.
NICOTIANA Linn.
1. N. tabacum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 180.
Cultivated by the Igorots, altitude about 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16165.
Extensively cultivated in the Philippines, a native of tropical America, and now cultivated in most temperate and tropical countries.
SCROPHULARIACEiE.
LINDENBERGIA Lehm.
1. L. philippensis (Cham.) Bentli. in DC. Prodr. 10 (1846) 377.
In stream depressions, pine region, below an altitude of 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16071.
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium alti- tudes; Chittagong to Tenasserim, Siam, and China.
HEMIPHRAGMA Wall.
1. H. heterophyllum Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 3895; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 (1846) 429.
Mossy forest above an altitude of 2,300 m, C. M. Z. 16041-
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; temperate Himalaya, Ivhasia Mountains, southern China, and Formosa.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
385
VAN DELLI A Linn.
1. V. Crustacea (L.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10 (1846) 413.
In the pine region, ascending to an altitude of about 1,800 m, G. M. Z. 16039.
Abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines; widely distributed in the Tropics of the world.
VERONICA Linn.
Veronica monantha Merrill sp. nov. § Beccabunga, Galyoinae.
Herba annua, repens, parce pilosa; foliis oppositis, late ovatis, pance crenato-serratis, petiolatis; floribus tetra,meris, axillaribus, pedicellatis, solitariis; capsulis late obcordatis, compressis, valvis snbmembranaceis ; seminibus pancis, ellipsoideis.
An annual creeping herb, the stems reaching a length of 15 cm, ■slender, all parts with scattered, weak, crisped, white hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, about 8 mm long and wide, thin, opposite, the bpse broad, truncate, the apex acute, the margins with two or three rather coarse crenate-dentate teeth; nerves few, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, white, 4-merous, their pedicels about 6 mm long; braeteoles two, at about the lower third of the pedicel, oblong, ■ 1-nerved, 3.5 mm long. Sepals 4, oblong, acute, thin, with a midnerve and two marginal nerves, the latter joining the midnerve near the apex with a single anastomosis, about 4 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, somewhat accrescent. Corolla white, campanulate, 4.5 to 5 mm long, the lobes rounded, the widest ones 3.3 mm in width; tube less than 0.5 mm long. Filaments about 4 mm long; anthers 1 mm long, hairy. Ovary ovoid, compressed, 1 mm long; style 3 mm in length. Capsule thin, compressed, broadly obcordate, 6 mm wide, 4 mm long, slightly cleft at the apex or subentire, dehiscing at the apex, the valves thin; seeds about 12, ellipsoid, about 1 mm long, compressed, biconvex.
In the mossy forest, associated with Ellisiophyllum and Peracarpa, in dense thickets just below the lower limits of the summit grass lands, Merrill 6593, May, 1909; rare.
The first representative of the genus to he found in the Philippines, and ap- parently allied to a group of species characteristic of Australia and New Zealand.
SOPUBIA Ham.
1. S. trifida Ham. in Don Prodr. (1825) 88.
In the pine region, ascending to an altitude of 2,100 m, G. M. Z. 160^0.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Himalayan region, Khasia Mountains, Deccan Peninsula, Ceylon, and southern China.
EUPHRASIA Linn.
1. E. borneensis Stapf. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II 4 (1894) 210.
Lower limits of the mossy forest, Merrill 61^91, and in the open grass lands of the summit, G. M. Z. 16038, McGregor 8886.
In the Philippines known only from higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; Mount Kinabalu, northeastern Borneo. Closely allied to New Zealand forms.
386
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
BUCHNERA Linn.
1. B. urticifolia R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 437.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16341.
Rather widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; northern and eastern Australia.
ELLISIOPHYLLUM Maxim.
1. E. pinnatum (Wall.) Makino- in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20 (1906) 91, pi. 5.
In the mossy forest just below the lower limits of the upper grass lands ; known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
Mountains of India to China, Japan, and Formosa.
This genus was originally placed by Maximowiez in the Polemoniaceae, but Bentham and Hooker transferred it to the Eydrophyllaceae, in which family it was retained by Engler and Prantl. Baillon, however, has shown that it really belongs in the Scrophulariaceae, and this conclusion is upheld by Dr. A. Brand, who has recently studied the genus.15
GESNERIACEiE.
TRICHOSPORUM Don.
1. T. philippinense (Clarke) O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 478.
In the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16166.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Philippines; endemic.
2. T. nervosum Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 344.
Frutex scandens; foliis ovato-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi obtusis, usque ad 6 cm longis, 2 cm latis, nervis utrinque 4 ad 6, valde obliquis, in sicco prominentibus ; floribus rubro-aurantiacis, axilla- ribus vel terminalibus ; corolla 3.5 cm longa, curvata.
In the mossy forest, McGregor 8861.
Similar to the preceding species, but distinguishable by its strongly nerved leaves. Known only from medium or higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
CYRTANDRA Forst.
1. C. sp.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6603.
ACANTHACE^E.
STROBILANTHES Blume.
1. S. pluriformis C. B. Clarke in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 93.
Mossy forest above 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16144, Merrill 6488.
An endemic species, characteristic of the higher mountains of the northern Philippines.
LEPI DAGATH IS Willd.
1. L. dispar C. B> Clarke in herb. sp. nov.
Herba suffruticosa, ramosa, suberecta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis chart", is vel subcoriaceis, ovato-lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis,
Helios 26 (1910).
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
387
acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, in quoque nodo valde inaequalibus ; spicis axillaribus terminalibusque, densis, fasciculatis, sessilibus; floribus 6 mm longis, 5-meris.
A suberect, usually branched, nearly glabrous, suffrutescent herb up to 80 cm in height, the branches distinctly quadrangular. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, in unequal pairs, one leaf of each pair usually about twice as large as the other, 6 to 12 cm long, 0.8 to 3 cm wide, usually acuminate at both ends; nerves about 6 on each side of ' the midrib, prominent. Spikes axillary and terminal, very dense, usually clustered, sessile, the bracts white-ciliate. Flowers about 6 mm long. Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, strongly acuminate, 5 mm long. Capsule 5 mm long, acuminate, puberulent at the apex.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 6059 (det. Clarke), Topping 82, Bur. Sci. 6670 Ramos: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Merrill 285: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2053 Ramos, For. Bur. 2697 Ahern’s collector (det. Clarke), holier s. n., Bur. S.ci. 9651 Robinson.
“This species is well represented in the Philippines, and resembles L. incurva G. Don, but has smaller, slenderer bracts and calyx. It is exceedingly near L. java- nica Blume, and near other species.” (C. B. Clarke in lit. July 7, 1905.)
From Mount Pulog I have two specimens from the pine region below an altitude of 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16082, 16087.
2. L. cinerea sp. nov.
Suffruticosa, erecta., ramosa, usque ad 1 m alta, omnibus partibus dense cinereo-puberulis, inflorescentiis dense albido-lanato-ciliatis ; foliis anguste oblongis vel anguste oblongo-oblanceolatis, vix 2 cm longis, ob- tusis vel apiculatis, subsessilibus ; spicis ovoideis vel oblongis, densis, terminalibus, solitariis, 1 ad 4 cm longis; floribus tetrameris, rubris, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis, cum ealycis segmentis dense albido-lanato- ciliatis.
An erect, usually much branched, suffrutescent or woody plant, 1 m high or less, the stems pale-brown, terete, about 5 mm in diameter, ultimately glabrous, the younger branches and leaves densely cinereous- puberulent. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, equal, narrowly oblong or narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 0.8 to 1.8 cm long, 3 to 6 mm wide, entire, narrowed to the sessile or subsessile base, the apex obtuse or somewhat apiculate, puberulent; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, ascend- ing, distinct. Spikes terminating the branches, solitary, sometimes some- what crowded at the apex of the main stem, ovoid to oblong, 1 to 4 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter, very dense, the bracts and calyx-segments densely covered with long, soft, white hairs. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, prominently acuminate, 1 -nerved, rarely with, a pair of obscure lateral nerves, about 8 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Calyx-segments • all acuminate, one lanceolate, about 7 mm long, 1.8 mm wideysp^ominently and slenderly acuminate, obscurely 3-nerved, very obscurely reticulate in the upper one-half, the lanate hairs about 2 mm long, two linear, less
97605 2
388
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
than 1 mm wide, the fourth cleft to within 3.5 mm of the base, the lobes about 1 mm wide, lanceolate. Corolla reddish, 8 mm long, slightly puberulent outside, the throat villous inside, the tube not contracted; upper lip rounded or slightly refuse, about 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lower one cleft into three, narrowly oblong, obtuse lobes about 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide. Anthers 1.7 mm long, slightly exserted from the throat of the corolla-tube, one cell slightly higher than the other, cells parallel, not divergent.
In the pine region at an altitude of about 1,500 m, For. Bur. 16018 Curran, Merritt, d ZschoJcJce, January, 1909; between Ambuklao and Daklan, Merrill If 395 , October, 1905 (type) ; without definite locality, Bur. Sci. 5912 Ramos, December, 1908.
The above specimens were distributed as Lepidagathis incana Nees, a Javan species, to which the present one does not seem to be at all closely allied. Lepid- agathis cinerea is well characterized by its small, narrow, subsessile leaves, its cinereous indumentum, and especially by its very dense, prominently white-ciliate- lanate spikes.
RUNGIA Nees.
1. R. parviflora Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 3 (1832) 110, DC. Prodr. 1 1 (1847) 469.
Pine region below 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16080.
Not before recorded from the Philippines; also represented by Merrill 4551 from Mount Data (det. Clarke).
Eastern and southern India and Ceylon to southern China.
HYPOESTES R. Br.
1. H. floribunda R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 474; Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 509.
Pine region below 1,100 m, C. M. Z. 16019.
The same form is also represented by the following specimens : District of Le- panto. For. Bur. 5690 Klemme: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 12486 Merritt d Darling: Province of Benguet, Williams 1389, Elmer 5811.
The late C. B. Clarke, who referred Elmer 5811 to Hypoestes floribunda, with doubt, states that it ( Elmer 5811) differs less from E. floribunda than the numerous varieties of that species differ among themselves.
Tropical Australia and Malaya; not previously reported from the Philippines.
JUSTICIA Linn.
1. J. procumbens Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 15.
Pine region below 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16081.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes. India and Ceylon to southern China, Malaya, and Australia.
RUBIACE.®.
H EDYOTIS Linn.
1. H. bartlingii Merrill nom. nov.
Metabolos angustifolius DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 436; Sclerococcus Bartl. 1. c. syn.
Eedyotis angustifolia Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 182; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 107, non C. & S.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
389
In the pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 16214-
This endemic species is represented by the type, which I have examined in the Prague herbarium, and also the following specimens: Province of Benguet, Ba- guio, Williams 1-880; Province of Bulacan, near Norzagaray, Yoder 247.
2. H. microphylla Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 239.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,400 m, C. M. Z. 16217, 18056, Merrill 6551.
This endemic species is otherwise known only from the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
WENDLANDIA Bartl.
1. W. glabrata DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 411.
Stream depressions in the pine region, below an altitude of 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 18171, 18185, 18197.
This species is apparently widely distributed in the Philippines ; Tenasserim to southern China, Formosa, and Malaya.
MUSSAENDA Linn.
1. M. benguetensis Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 13.
In the pine region, ascending to an altitude of 1,700 m, G. M. Z. 18165.
Known only from the Benguet-Lepanto region.
RANDIA Linn.
1. R. wall ichii Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 113.
Stream depressions, altitude about 1,200 m, G. M. Z. 18204-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; mountains of India to southern China, and Java.
COFFEA L.
1. C. arabica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 172.
Extensively cultivated by the Igorots, especially in the river valleys of Benguet, its altitudinal range extending to at least 1,700 m, C. M. Z. 18150.
PSYCHOTRI A Linn.
1. P. crispipila Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 240.
In the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 18121, 18150.
Known only from similar habitats on the higher mountains of the Benguet- Lepanto region.
2. Psychotria macgregorii Merrill sp. nov.
Arbuscula glabra circiter 4 m alta; foliis ellipticis vel elliptico- ovatis, usque ad 6.5 cm longis, leviter acuminatis, basi acutis, sub- coriaceis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, subtus prominentibus, stipulis lanceolatis, 9 ad 13 mm longis; inilorescentiis terminalibus, brevibus, floribus subverticillatim dispositis, congestis; seminibus subhemisphae- ricis, laevibus, dor so nec longitudinaliter sulcatis nec rugosis.
A glabrous shrub about 4 m high. Branches terete, smooth, gray or brownish-gray. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subcoriaceous, 3 to 6.5
390
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, the base acute, the apex shortly and usually rather sharply acuminate, somewhat shining when dry, the margins sometimes recurved; nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, beneath prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations rather dense; stipules lan- ceolate, acuminate, deciduous,. 9 to 12 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, short, 2 to 4 cm long, the flowers crowded, subverticillate at the apices of the rachis and the few branches. Flowers white, sessile. Calyx narrowly funnel-shapped, about 4 mm long, the mouth often slightly oblique, slightly and irregularly ,5- or 6-toothed. Corolla about 6 mm long, the lobes 4, spreading or reflexed, ovate, obtuse, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the throat white-hairy. Anthers elliptic, 1 mm long. Style as long as the corolla, the arms 0.5 mm long. Fruit narrowly obovoid, 7 to 8 mm long, 5 mm in diameter, narrowed at the base, somewhat wrinkled when dry, tipped with the cylindric, persistent, about 1.5 mm long calyx-tube. Seeds 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, subhemispherical, not at all ridged or striate on the back.
In the mossy forest, altitude above 2,400 m, Merrill 8495 (type), McGregor 8854, G. M. Z. 18077, 18082.
Apparently a distinct species and quite different from any of the previously described Philippine forms; it is well characterized by its prominently nerved leaves, rather dense and distinct reticulations, whorled sessile flowers and smooth, not ridged or grooved seeds. A closely allied form is represented by C. M. Z. 16353, from the same altitude and habitat, the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent.
PAEDER I A Linn.
1. P. tomentosa Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 968.
Stream depressions in the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16204, 16215.
Widely distributed 'in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India, Japan, and Malaya.
NERTERA Banks & Soland.
1. N. depressa Banks & Soland. ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1 (1788) 124, t. 26.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,400 m, G. M. Z. 16218, Merrill 6599'.
This species is widely distributed in the Philippines, mostly at high altitudes, and has been found on Mount Paraga, Province of Abra, (Bur. Sci. 7065 Ramos), Mount Data, District of Lepanto ( Merrill 4524), various places in Benguet at higher altitudes ( Bur. Sci. 2796, 2863, 2498, 4372, 4453 M earns, Bur. Sci. 5444 Ramos, Topping 77), Mount Banajao, Province of Tayabas (Whitford 937, Elmer 9190, Bur. Sci. 6077, 6576 Robinson) , Mount Pinatubo, Province of Zambales, (Bur. Sci. 2609 Foxworthy) , Mount Haleon, Mindoro (For. Bur. 4459 Merritt, Merrill 5614), and Mount Apo, Mindanao, (Copeland 1078). It is somewhat variable in vegetative characters, but apparently a single species is represented. Whether or not it is the true Nertera depressa Banks & Solander, I am unable to determine. It may prove to be the same as N. nigricarpa Hayata, recently described from Mount Morrison, Formosa. It is reported from eastern Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, South America, and apparently also Java, although Bentham expresses the opinion that the Javan form represents a distinct species.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
391
GALIUM Linn.
1. G. gaudichaudii DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 607.
Stream depressions, altitude about 1,500 m, Merrill 6595.
Eastern Australia and Tasmania.
2. G. philippinense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 238.
On dry slopes, upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16333, Merrill 6521.
Endemic, but closely allied to the widely distributed European and Asiatic G. rotundifolium L., and to G. javanicum Bl. of Java. The latter has been reduced by Hooker f. to G. rotundifolium L.
RUBIA Linn.
1. R. cordifolia Linn. Syst. ed. 12, 3 (1768) 229. .
In stream depressions, altitude below 1,500 m, O. M. Z. 16216, Merrill 6531.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altiudes, variable ; tropical Africa and Asia to northeastern Asia, Japan, and Java.
CAPRIFOLIACEiE.
LON I CERA Linn.
1. L. rehderi Mefr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 49.
Upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, O. M. Z. 18113.
Known only from the higher altitudes of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
SAMBUCUS Linn.
1. S. javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 657.
Mossy forest, altitude 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 18123.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, especially at medium altitudes ; India to southern China and Malaya.
VIBURNUM Linn.
1. V. luzonicum Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 310.
In the lower mossy forest, and in ravines in the pine region, G. M. Z. 18164, Merrill 6534-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at higher altitudes, very common in the Benguet-Lepanto region. An endemic species, but apparently closely allied to, and possibly not distinct from V. erosum Thunb. of Japan, China, and Formosa.
2. V. odoratissimum Iver in Bot. Reg. 6 (1820) t. 456.
Extending from an altitude of 1,300 m, in ravines in the pine region, to the lower parts of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 18182, 18131, 18205, McGregor 8859.
Common throughout the Benguet-Lepanto region, and occurring also on moun- tains further south ; eastern India to southern China, Formosa, the Riu Kiu Islands and Japan. Reported, with doubt, also from Celebes.
CUCURBITACEiE.
MELOTHRIA Linn.
1. M. mucronata (Bl.) Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 3 (1881) 608.
Lower pine region, G. M. Z. 16091; upper pine region and lower mossy forest, Merrill 6566, McGregor 8900; mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16092.
Widely distributed in the Philippines, its altitudinal range on Mount Pulog being from about 1,200 m to 2,250 m; India to Formosa, and Malaya.
392
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
2. M. indica Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 35.
Upper pine region, Merrill 6581.
Widely distributed in the Philippines ; about the same extra-Pliilippine range as the preceding.
GYNOSTEMMA Bl.
1. G. pedatum Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 23.
Lower pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16145.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to Japan, south to Borneo, Sumatra, and Java.
CAMPANULACEiE.
LOBELIA Linn. •
1. L. nicotianaefolia Heyne in Roth Nov. PI. Sp. (1821) 143; A. DC. Prodr. •7 (1839) 381; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1881) 427.
Mossy forest, altitude 2,250 m, C. M. Z. 16101.
This species has not previously been reported from the Philippines, and it is also represented by the following specimens, all from Luzon: District of Lepanto, For. Bur. 5685 Klemme, For. Bur. 14479 Darling ; Province of Benguet, Elmer 6066, Williams 1302, For. Bur. 15890 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 5864 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 4327 Hearns; Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 15689 Merritt & Darling ; Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 4994 Ramos.
India (Deccan Peninsula), and Ceylon.
It is impossible to determine here, without a full series of Indian specimens for comparison, whether or not the Philippine plant is really specifically identical with Heyne’s species; so far as descriptions go, however, the material agrees with that of L. nicotianaefolia Heyne, better than with that of any other species known from the Indo-Chinese region. The species is, however, not reported from eastern India, southern China, or Malaya, and the discontinuous distribution is some ground for belief that eventually the Luzon plant may be found to be distinct from the Indian one, or perhaps referable to some other species of the Indo-Chinese region.
PERACARPA Hook. f. & Th.
1. P. luzonica Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1906) 201.
Upper limits of the mossy forest, Merrill 6496.
Known only from the higher mountains of Benguet and Lepanto; a very inter- esting case of geographical distribution, the only other species of the genus, P. carnosa Hook. f. & Th., extending from the Himalayan region to Yunnan.
WAHLENBERGIA Schrad.
1. W. bivalvis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 242.
Upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, Merrill 6523, and open grass lands above the mossy forest, altitude about 3,000 m^ G. M. Z. 16102.
An endemic species, common in the Benguet-Lepanto region, with the general appearance of the widely distributed W. gracilis DC., but differing, according to descriptions of the latter, in having 2-valved instead of 3-valved capsules.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
393
COMPOSITE.
ETHULIA Linn.
1. E. conyzoides Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1171.
Lower parts of' the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16124-
In the Philippines confined to the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region; tropical Africa to Bengal, Assam, and Silhet.
CENTRATHERUM Cass.
1. C. fruticosum Vid. Rev. PL Vase. Filip. (1886) 159.
Stream depressions, pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, C. M. Z. 16085.
Widely distributed in the pine regions of the Benguet-Lepanto area, on some mountains further south, and near sea level in the Batanes Islands ; closely allied to G. muticum Less, of tropical America and Australia; endemic.
VERNON I A Schreb.
1. V. philippinensis Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 312.
In ravines, pine region, altitude about 1,300 in, C. M. Z. 16116.
At medium altitudes, Luzon to Mindanao, not common; endemic.
ELEPHANTOPUS Linn.
1. E. mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PL 4 (1820) 26.
Abundant throughout the pine region, G. M. Z. 16086.
Introduced from tropical America and now thoroughly naturalized; abundant and widely distributed in the Philippines.
AGERATUM Linn.
1. A. conyzoides Linn. Sp, Pl. (1753) 839.
Common in the pine region, G. M. Z. 16337.
Very abundant in the Philippines, from sea level to high altitudes; Tropics of the world, but probably originating in tropical America.
EUPATORIUM Linn.
1. E. benguetense C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 217.
Mossy forest above 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 16084, Merrill 6555.
Known only from higher altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region.
Ml KAN I A Willd.
1. M. scandens (Linn.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 3 (1800) 1743.
In ravines, pine region, altitude about 1,200 m, C. M. Z. 16106.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; Tropics of the world.
SOLI DAGO Linn.
1. S. virgaurea Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 880.
Upper pine region, extending to the lower limits of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16109, 16117, 16179, Merrill 654 7.
A characteristic plant of the upper pine region of the Benguet-Lepanto region, but otherwise not known from the Philippines ; Europe, temperate North America, temperate Asia to the Himalayan region and Khasia Mountains, southern China, Japan, and Formosa.
394
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
DICHROCEPHALA DC.
1. D. latifolia (Lam.) DC. Prodr. 5 (1836) 372.
Upper pine region, extending to the lower limits of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16178, Merrill 6583.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes; trop- ical and subtropical Asia and Africa.
2. D. chrysanthemifolia (Bl.) DC. in Wight Contrib. (1834) 11; Prodr. 5 (1836) 372.
Upper pine region, Merrill 6522.
Known from the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; about the same extra-Philippine range as the preceding species.
MYRIACTIS Less.
1. M. humilis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 244.
In the mossy forest, Merrill 6509, and at base of cliffs in the summit grass lands, C. M. Z. 16114.
Higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, also on Mount Banajao, Province of Tayabas, Luzon; endemic.
ASTER Linn.
1. A. trinervius Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 61, nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 433; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3;' (1881) 252.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,500 m, G. M. Z. 16122.
Central and western Himalaya, Khasia Mountains, China, and Japan; not previously reported from the Philippines.
The number cited above, so far as our mounted specimen goes, agrees closely with Roxburgh’s species as interpreted by Hooker f. ; some of the duplicates distrib- uted under this number may have been referable to Aster philippinensis Moore, a quite different endemic species.
ERIGERON Linn.
1. E. linifolius Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1955.
Common in the pine region, C. M. Z. 16108, 16119, Merrill 6515.
Common and widely distributed in the Philippines; a native of the Mediter- ranean region, now widely distributed in subtropical and tropical parts of the world.
CONYZA Less.
1. C. japonica (Thunb.) Less. Syn. Comp. (1832) 204.
Upper pine region, Merrill 651f0.
In the Philippines known only from higher altitudes of the Benguet-Lepanto region; Afghanistan to Japan, southward to Malaya.
2. C. viscidula Wall. Cat. (1828) no. 3006; DC. Prodr. 5 (1836) 383.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,400 m, G. M. Z. 16336.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes, but not common; India to Java, New Caledonia, and Australia.
BLUMEA DC.
1. B. append iculata (Bl.) DC. Prodr. 5 (1836) 447.
Upper pine region, G. M. Z. 18116, and in the lower mossy forest, Merrill 6511.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes, but not common ; Java.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
395
2. B. mollis (Don) Merrill comb. nov.
Erigeron molle Don Prodr. (1825) 172.
Conysa bifoliate Cbamisso & Less, in Linnaea 6 (1831) 135.
Blumea chamissoniana DC. Prodr. 5 ( 1836 ) 454.
Blumea wightiana Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1881) 261, non DC.
In stream depressions, pine region, altitude 1,300 m, C. M. Z. 16334-
Widely distributed in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes; India to southern China, Malaya, Australia, and tropical Africa.
What is apparently the oldest specific name is here adopted, but in accepting this name I have followed the authority of Hooker f., who made the reduction. According to Hooker f. Blumea triohophora DC., B. parvifolia DC., and B. phyl- lostaehya DC., the former based at least in part, on Erigeron molle Don, the other two on nomina nuda of Wallich’s “Catalogue,” sub Conyssa, , as well as Blumea leschenaultiana DC., are all synonyms of Blumea wightiana. I have examined the type of Blumea chamissoniana DC. in the Berlin Herbarium, as well as the duplicate in the DeCandolle Herbarium, and also the - type of B. wightiana DC. in the latter institution. The specimen on which Blumea wight- iana DC. was based does not appear to me to specifically identical with the specimens so named in the Kew Herbarium, on which the English botanists have based their conception of Blumea wightiana. Prain 16 in discussing the Wallichian Herbarium, as distributed, in connection with the early volumes of the “Pro- dromus” warns all botanists, who wish their results to be accurate, to place no confidence in the Wallichian name for a species in any of the families treated by DeCandolle before the Wallichian Herbarium was issued, without first confirm- ing it by comparison with the specimen so named in the “Prodromus” Herbarium, as Doctor Wallich placed no numbers on the sheets he originally sent to De- Candolle, and many of the identifications of DeCandolle’s species were, manifestly made by Dr. Wallich without referring to either DeCandolle’s descriptions or specimens.
3. B. incisa (Elmer) Merrill comb. nov.
Pluchea incisa Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 358.
Herba erecta vel subscandens ; foliis usque ad 8 cm longis, 2.5 cm latis, subsessilibus, superioribus sensim minoribus, subcoriaceis vel ehar- taceis, scabridis, leviter pubescentibus, acuminatis, irregulariter lobatis vel incisis; capitulis circiter 1 cm longis, breviter pedicellatis _ vel sub- sessilibus, squamis imbricatis, pubescentibus.
Upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, C. M. Z. 16123.
This species was described by Mr. Elmer as a Pluchea, based on a specimen collected by himself in Benguet, no. 8396. It appears to me to be a Blumea, and closely allied to B. chinensis (Linn.) DC., rather than a Pluchea, and is accord- ingly here transferred to the former genus. Mr. Elmer considers it to be allied to Pluchea scabrida DC., but the material identified by him as Pluchea scabrida, I consider to be referable to Blumea, a species very closely allied to if not identical with Blumea chinensis (L.) DC. Pluchea scabrida DC., the type of which I have examined in the DeCandolle Herbarium, is apparently only a very pubescent form of Pluchea indica (Linn.) Less., although placed by DeCandolle in the section Eebephora.
Known only from high altitudes in Benguet.
16 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 393.
396
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
M E R R I TT I A Merrill gen. nov.
Capitula heterogama, disciformia, androgyna, floribus in ambitu ? , fertilibns, pluriseriatis, numerosis, disci pancis. Involucrum sub- campannlatum, bracteis pluriseriatis, angustis, exterioribns gradatim minoribus. Eeceptacnlnm planum, dense pilosnm. Corollae 2 fili- formes, minute 3-dentatae, stylis suis breviores ; £ regulares, tubulosae, limbo apice parnm ampliato 5-dentato. Antherae basi sagittatae, auri- cnlis candato-acuminatis, apice appendiculatae. Styli fl. 5 exserti, ramis linearibus; styli fl. $ vix exserti, subintegri, apice minutissime divisi. Aclienia parva, plus minus compressa, obscure striata. Pappi setae tenues, uniseriatae, liberae, scaberulae. Herba. erecta, perennis, plus minus pubescens. Folia alterna, ampla, irregulariter lyrato-lobata, dentata, sessilia vel subsessilia. Capitula mediocria, in paniculis ter- minalibus oblongis disposita. Aclienia pilosa.
Merrittia benguetensis (Elm.) Merrill comb. nov.
Senecio benguetensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 152.
In the mossy forest above an altitude of 2,250 m, G. M. Z. 16113, Merrill 6586. Otherwise represented by the following specimens, all from Benguet Province, Luzon: Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomfis) Elmer 621ft (type) ; Pauai, Merrill Jft55; Balangabang, Bur. Sci. 5896 Ramos; without definite locality, Loher 3636 (in herb. Kew.),
The new genus here proposed I refer with considerable confidence to the tribe Inuleae, placing it next to Blumea in the Inuleae-Plucheinae as defined by Hoff- mann in Engler & Prantl’s “Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” To me the plant has much the aspect of some species of Blumea, while in floral structure it approximates that of Blumea and allied genera. It differs from Blumea and other genera in the Inuleae-Plucheinae especially in its rather densely pilose receptacles, a character quite at variance with the genera to which Merrittia seems otherwise to be allied.
J. R. Drummond, Esq., who kindly assisted me in the identification of some of the Philippine Gompositae in the Kew herbarium, examined a part of the material above cited, and the following is quoted from his report on Senecio benguetensis Elm.
“This plant is remote from all the typical forms of the genus, to which Mr. Elmer has referred it, by the involucral structure; it is true that certain species now included under Senecio have pluriseriate and imbricating involucral bracts, but assuming that those species should remain in their present position, which seems to be far from certain, the characters of the stigma in the £ florets of the Luzon plant would exclude it from the tribe of Senecionideae as defined in the Genera Plantarum.”
Mr. Drummond has suggested that the plant should be referred to the subtribe Baccharideae of the Asteroideae, but I consider that the character of the tailed anthers excludes it from that tribe.
The § flowers (disk-flowers) vary in number from 3 to 9, the corolla-teeth frequently being nearly 1.5 mm in length. The styles are entire or minutely cleft at the apex, the arms being less than 0.5 mm in length. The style-arms of the $ flowers are papillate and about 1.5 mm in length. The involucral-seales are several-seriate, the outer ones being from 1 to 1.5 mm long, the inner gradually longer, the innermost about 7 mm long and 1 mm wide.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
397
This proposed new genus is dedicated to Mr. M. L. Merritt, coauthor of the present paper, and a forester for several years in the service of the Philippine Government. Mr. Merritt made extensive botanical collections in the Archipelago, especially in the Island of Mindoro, in connection with the prosecution of his official duties, arid was also a member of the Forestry Bureau party that made the ascent of Mount Pulog in January, 1909.
LAGGERA Sch.-Bip.
1. L. alata (Don) Sch.-Bip. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 39 (1873) 94.
In the lower pine region, altitude about 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 16118.
At medium altitudes in the Philippines, not common; India to southern China, Java, and trdpical Africa.
ANAPHALIS DC.
1. A. adnata (Wall.) DC. Prodr. 6 (1837) 274.
In the pine region, altitude from 1,600 to 1,900 m, G. M. Z. 16120.
In the Philippines known only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; mountains of northern India from Simla to Khasia, and in Martaban, Burma, and Kwangtung.
2. A. contorta (Don) Hook. f. Fl.LBrit. Ind. 3 (1881) 284.
In the upper pine region, altitude about 2,000 m, and above the mossy forest on the open grassy slopes, altitude about 2,800 m, but not in the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16127, Merrill 61/86, McGregor 8901.
Like the preceding species, known from the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region, its extra-Philippine range about the same, but not known from southern China.
GN APHALI U M Linn.
1. G. hypoleucum DC. in Wight Contrib. (1834) 21; Prodr. 6 (1837) 222.
Near the lower border of the mossy forest, C. M. Z. 16121, Merrill 6572.
In the Philippines confined to the Benguet-Lepanto region, at higher altitudes ; Japan to southern China, the mountains of India and Abyssinia.
2. G. japonicum Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 311.
Upper pine region and in the lower part of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16126, Merrill 651/1.
In the Philippines known only from the high mountains of the Benguet- Lepanto region, and from Mount Banajao, Luzon; Japan and China, southward to Australia and New Zealand.
CARPESIUM Linn.
1. C. cernuum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 859.
Lower parts of the mossy forest, Merrill 6563.
Known in the Philippines only from high altitudes in the Benguet-Lepanto region; central Europe through the Himalayan region to China and Japan.
SI EGESBECKI A Linn.
1. S. oriental is Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 900.
Upper pine region and lower mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16110.
At medium and higher altitudes in the Philippines; cosmopolitan in warm countries, and extending into some temperate regions.
398
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
SPILANTHES Linn.
1. S. grand iflora Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 241 (1851) 183.
Upper pine region, extending to the lower border of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16197, Merrill 6517.
Known in the Philippines only from medium and higher altitudes in northern Luzon; northern Australia, Queensland, and New South Wales.
BIDENS Linn.
1. B. pilosa Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 832.
Upper pine region, C. M. Z. 16083, Merrill 651t8.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and low altitudes; cosmopoli- tan in the Tropics, extending into some temperate regions.
ARTEMISIA Linn.
1. A. capillaris Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 309.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,300 m, G. M. Z. 18179. Ig., paldid.
Known in the Philippines only from the Benguet-Lepanto region; Manchuria, Kamtschatka, and Japan to southern China, and Formosa.
GYNURA Cass.
1. G. vidal iana Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 144.
In the pine region, altitude about 1,450 m, G. M. Z. 16340.
Common on the mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, also found on Mount Pinatubo, and Mount Tapulao, Zambales Province, and Mount Arayat, Pampanga Province, Luzon, and on Mount Victoria, Palawan; endemic.
2. Gynura macgregorii Merrill sp. nov.
Herba erecta, glabra; foliis chartaceis, grosse irregulariter sinuato- dentatis, dentibus acuminatis ; inferioribus petiolatis, utrinque acuminatis. superioribus sessilibus, cordatis; capitulis 2 cm longis, floribus auran- tiacis.
An erect glabrous herb, more or less branched, the base somewhat woody, reaching a height of about 1 m. Leaves various, the lower ones oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, 10 to 15 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide, dull when dry, paler beneath but scarcely purplish, the apex sharply acuminate, the base decurrent-acuminate, the margins coarsely and irregularly sinuate-dentate, acuminate ; nerves 6 to 9 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct, scarcely anastomosing, the reticulations very few, obscure; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long: intermixed with these petioled leaves are numerous, small, subovate, sessile or subsessile, irregularly sinuate-toothed leaves about 2 cm long, simulating stipules : the upper leaves are sessile, much smaller than the lower petioled ones, variously toothed or even lobed, broad and cordate at the baSe and somewhat clasping the stem. Panicles lax, glabrous except the slightly pubescent peduncles, the branches and peduncles subtended by small, irregular bracts. Heads about 2 cm long, glabrous, each peduncle with several, linear, 6 to 8 mm long bracteoles scattered along its upper part, and
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
399
more numerous similar ones subtending the involucre. Involucral bracts about 12, linear, about 13 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide, glabrous, or very slightly pubescent at the tips, margins hyaline, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers orange-yellow, about 60 in each head. Achenes glabrous, nearly 2.5 mm long. Corolla slender, tubular, 1.5 cm long, narrowly-campanulate at the apex, and with 5 oblong, 1.5 mm long lobes. Anthers 2.3 mm long. Style-arms spreading or recurved, 3.5 mm long. Pappus white, copious, nearly as long as the corolla-tube. Disk shortly fimbrillate.
In the mossy forest above 2,250 m altitude, Bur. Sci. 8876 McGregor, July 3, 1909 (type), Merrill 6579, May, 1909. Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4336 Mearns.
Among the Philippine species, this proposed new one is. most closely allied to Gynura vidaliana Elmer, but is at once distinguished from that' species by being almost entirely glabrous, as well as by its sessile, reduced, and usually cordate upper leaves. In many respects it similates Gynura sarmentosa DC., but is at once distinguished from that species by its erect habit, larger heads, and larger leaves. It is manifestly allied to the extra-Philippine group represented by Gynura nitida DC., G. angulosa DC., G. pseudo-china DC., and G. bicolor DC., but, so far as I can determine from the descriptions, is apparently distinct from all.
SENECIO Linn.
1. S. confusus Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 153.
In the pine region, extending into the lower parts of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16115, Merrill 6589.
Confined to the higher altitudes of the Benguet-Lepanto region.
This species is apparently the Philippine representative of Senecio scandens Ham., which extends from northern India to Ceylon and south-eastern China, and may at a later date have -to be reduced to that species.
2. S. luzoniensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 245.
Bather common in the mossy forest, extending down ravines into the upper limits of the pine region, G. M. Z. 16111, Merrill 6567.
A species known only from high altitudes of the Benguet-Lepanto region, and the mountains of Zambales.
As the preceding species is apparently the Philippine representative of Senecio scandens, so the present one apparently is our representative of the widespread Senecio nemorensis Linn., which extends from central and northern Europe to Eamtschatka, Japan, and China.
EMILIA Cass.'
1. E. pinnatifida Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 243.
In the pine region, G. M. Z. 16196.
Characteristic of open pine forests in the Benguet-Lepanto region; endemic.
Cl RSI U M Scop.
1. Cirsium luzoniense Merrill sp. nov.
Gnicus wallichii Bolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 214; Vidal Bev. PI. Vase. Filip.
(1886) 164, non Hook. f.
Cirsium, wallichii Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 178, non DC.
Gnicus argyracanthus F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1882) 353, non DC.
400
MERRILL AND MERRITT.
Planta stricta, erecta, 40 ad 80 cm alta ; foliis sessilibus, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, valde sinuato-lobatis, lobis dentibusque valde spinosis. Capitulis eirciter 2.5 cm diametro; bracteis pluriseriatis, exter- ioribus parvis, apiee spinosis, interioribns gradatim longioribus, spinosis vel acnminatis, vix dilatatis, vix patulis; floribns eirciter 2 cm longis.
A strict, erect, stont perennial reaching a height of nearly 1 m, often much smaller, Avith feAV short branches bearing the heads in the upper part. Stems striate, more or less densely clothed with brownish, soft, weak hairs, the under surfaces of the leaves also with similar hairs. Leaves alternate, sessile, the lower ones often 30 cm long, 8 cm wide, frequently much smaller, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate in outline, prominently sinuate-lobed, the lobes extending nearly to the midrib, each lobe with few large and more numerous smaller teeth, these teeth and the lobes terminating in sharp, slender, stout spines, the spines terminating the lobes and larger teeth often 1 cm long, the lobes about 12 on each side of the midrib. The uppermost leaves much reduced and very spiny, especially those subtending the heads. Heads solitary, terminating the stems and branches, about 2.5 cm in diameter, ovoid or subglobose. Flowers pale-purple to nearly white, the ones about 2 cm long. Outer involucral bracts about 7 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, lanceolate, prominently and sharply aAvned-acuminate, the inner ones gradually longer but with shorter awns, the innermost about 18 mm long and 2 mm Avide, their apices not at all inflated, strict, not or but slightly spreading, acuminate, shortly awned, more or less scarious or nearly glabrous. Achenes oblong, smooth, 4 mm long, pappus-hairs about 12 mm long, white. Corolla 16 mm long, the lower half very slender, then abruptly enlarged, the enlarged portion split for one-half its length into 5 narrow lobes. Anthers 6 mm long, the filaments scarious.
A species very widely distributed in the Benguet-Lepanto region and also found on Mount Banajao, most of the material here considered previously having been referred in our herbarium to Girsium wallichii DC. I am now of the opinion that the Philippine plant is specifically distinct from the Himalayan form, and it is accordingly here described as new. From DeCandolle’s species, as described, our specimens differ especially in the inner involucral bracts not being at all dilated, and not or but slightly spreading. Girsium luzoniense is represented by the following specimens, all from Luzon:
Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16125 Curran, Merritt, & Zscholcke, Merrill 5692, Bur. Sci. 8872 McGregor ; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 1(339, 1(1(93 Mearns, Merrill 1(71(5, For. Bur. 11(1(29 Darling; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Elmer 6278, Williams 1981 (type), For. Bur. 1(962 Curran: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6064 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 2391 Foxworthy : Bontoe Sub- province, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 209.
THE FLORA OF MOUNT PULOG.
401
AINSLIAEA DC.
1. A. reflexa Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 242.
Common in the mossy forest, but not extending below or above its limits, G. M. Z. 16195, . Merrill 61/98.
Widely distributed on the higher mountains of the Benguet-Lepanto region, also on Mount Banajao, Province of Laguna, Luzon, and on Mount ILalcon, Min- doro ; Formosa.
SONCHUS Linn.
1. S. arvensis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 793.
In the pine region, generally a weed in camote fields, G. M. Z. 16107, Merrill 651/5.
Known in the Philippines only from medium and high altitudes in northern Luzon; widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the world, its original home uncertain.
LACTUCA Linn.
1. L. dentata (Thunb.) C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 218.
Common in the pine region, extending into the lower part of the mossy forest, G. M. Z. 16112, Merrill 651/6.
Abundant in the Benguet-Lepanto region, and on higher mountains southward to Mount Apo, Mindanao; Japan to southern China and Formosa.
CREPIS Linn.
1. C. japonica (Linn.) Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 194.
In the lower parts of the mossy forest, Merrill 6571.
Widely distributed in the Philippines at medium and higher altitudes ; India to Japan, southward to Malaya and Australia, also in Mauritius and southern Africa.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plate I. Chart showing the daily range of temperature on Mount Pulog, January 3 to 9, 1909.
II. Panorama from the summit of Mount Pulog, from the northeast through the east, to the southwest.
III. Continuation of Plate II, panorama from the southwest to the northeast.
(Foreground in the center lost by raising the camera too much.)
IV. Extreme summit of Mount Pulog, showing the characteristic grass-
covered upper slopes.
MAP.
Map showing the location of Mount Pulog, and the neighboring mountains, from Mount Tonglon and Mount Ugo north to Mount Data. Prepared under the direction of Maj. George P. Ahern, Director of Forestry, from surveys made by Mr. Charles Benson, of the Bureau of Lands, and Messrs. H. M. Curran, M. L. Merritt, and T. C. Zschokke, of the Bureau of Forestry.
97605 3 403
Merrill and Mebritt : Flora of Mount Pulog.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. V. No. 5.
Daily Range of Temperature on Mt. Pulog Trip.
F=» LATE
4
if ?.
!'
jl
Merritt : Flora of Mount Pulog.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. V,
EAST
Merrill and Merritt : Flora of MounI
Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Yol. V, No. 5, November, 1910.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
By 'C. De Candolle. (Geneva, Switzerland.)
When I undertook this revision, the total number of Piperaceae known to exist in the Philippines amounted to thirty species; it now reaches one hundred and twenty-five, of which twenty-two species are Peperomia, and one hundred and three are Piper. This large increase testifies to the great activity of the American botanists who are pursuing , the scientific exploration of the Archipelago.
For the opportunity to prepare the present paper I feel particularly indebted to Mr. Merrill, botanist. Bureau of Science, who has kindly put at my disposal the rich materials deposited in the Herbarium of that institution. Mr. A. D. E. Elmer has also greatly helped me by sending numerous specimens collected by himself, to which he has added instructive annotations. The novelties in Mr. Elmer’s collection have been fully described in his “Leaflets of Philippine Botany,” 1 and in the present paper they are merely mentioned in their proper places among the other Philippine Piperaceae, except in the case of nine species that were based partly on material collected by Mr. Elmer, and partly on material in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Science, where the de"- ’n- tions are repeated.
However large may appear the number of new species proposed in the following pages, it is probable that many more are still to be dis- covered in the Philippines. It is, moreover, highly desirable that male and female plants should be found to match with the too numerous species which are, as yet, known only by specimens of one or the other sex.
While studying the abundant materials of the recent collections, I was much surprised at finding that such a remarkable type as Piper Rhyncholepsis, formerly described and figured by Miquel as a distinct genus (Rhyncholepsis Miq.), has not been met with again by any of the modern explorers. I have also looked in vain in their collections for Piper longum L., the presence of which in the Archipelago rests, so far, on a single specimen contained in my own herbarium, and probably obtained from that of Thibaud.
. 1 Philippine Piperaceae 1. c. 3 (1910) 755-785 (Article 44).
405
406
DE CANDOLLE.
Most of the Malayan Piperaceae are missing in the Philippines, as is also the case with those of New Guinea, Samoa, and Yiti, of which I. have just made a special study. In fact the Philippines certainly possess a very large number of endemic Piperaceae. While a great majority of the species seem to be narrowly localized, it is interesting to note that some are, on the contrary, widely spread in the various Islands. Striking examples of widely distributed but endemic species are furnished by such species as Piper marivelesanum, P. albidirameum , P. abbreviatum, and P. pseudochavicaj Piper corylistachyon , a species which has hitherto been known only from the Philippines, and which is well characterized by the structure of its anthers, is also disseminated all over the Archipelago, but it is not strictly endemic, one of its forms having been recently collected in New Guinea, while Piper Kortlialsii Miq., which I have here made the type of a new section of the genus, is very widely distributed in the Philippines, and is also found in Sumatra.
All measurements mentioned in this revision are taken from dried specimens. The foliar characters indicated in the diagnoses and keys always refer to the leaves from the upper part, that is to say, of the flowering part of the branches, and the width of the leaves is taken from their widest portions.
PEPEROM I A Ruiz & Pavon.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES.
1. Leaves opposite.
2. Limb of leaves glabrous, elliptic, up to 3.7 cm long and 1.7 cm wide.
1. P. lagunaensis
2. Limb of leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
3. Limb elliptic, up to 12.5 cm long, and 8 mm wide 2. P. canlaonensis
3. Limb oblong- or obovate-elliptic, 17 mm long, 6 mm wide.
3. P. Ventenatii (3 pubescens
3. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 22 to 30 mm long, 12 to 17 mm wide.
4. P. recurvata forma pilosior
3. Limb obovate, cuneate at the base, up to 25 mm long.
4. P. recurvata forma longispica
1 . Leaves in whorls.
2. Raehis glabrous.
3. Limb glabrous, obovate-elliptic, 12 to 20 mm long, 8 to 10 mm wide.
5. P. rubrivenosa
3. Limb pubescent, ovate-elliptic or subrhomboid, up to 25 mm long and 18 mm wide 1 - 6. P. tomentosa
2. Racliis pubescent; limb elliptic or rounded, 8 to 10 mm long, 6 to 8 mm
wide, glabrous or more or less pubescent 7. P. reflexa
1. Leaves alternate.
2. Limb of leaves quite glabrous.
3. Stigma inserted a little below the top of the ovary.
4. Limb ovate-rounded, up to 17 mm long and wide 8. P. lanaoensis
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE. 407
4. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 3 to 5 cm long, 2 to 3 cm widefe' 9, P. laevifolia 3. Stigma inserted on top of the ovary.
4. Limb rounded-cordate or reniform, about 6 mm long and 8 mm wide.
10. P. exigua
4. Limb deltoid-cordate, about 25 mm long and 20 mm wide.
11. P. pellucida
4. Limb ovate, up to 40 mm long and 30 mm wide 12. P. Merrillii
4. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 40 mm long, 20 mm wide; spike 1.5 mm thick.
13. P. apoana
4. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 42 mm long, 22 mm wide; spike 1 mm thick.
14. P. pelluciclopunctulata
2. Limb of leaves glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate on the margins, elliptic-
lanceolate, up to 15 mm long and 13 mm wide 15. P. negrosensis
2. Limb of leaves glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent underneath, elliptic-
lanceolate, 40 mm long, 29 mm wide. hi 16. P. Elmeri
2. Limb of leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
3. Limb not black-dotted.
4. Limb obovate or elliptic, up to 23 mm long and 17 mm wide, not densely
pilose 17. P. Macgregorii
4. Limb obovate, up to 20 mm long and 12 mm wide, rather densely
puberul ous 18. P. rivulorum
4. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, about 20 mm long and 12 mm wide, hairs very
short , , 19. P. puberulifolia
4. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, up to 25 mm long and 10 mm wide, hairs long.
20. P. mindoroensis
4. Limb elliptic, up to 26 mm long and 20 mm wide, hairs long.
21. P. marivelesana
3. Limb black-dotted underneath, subobovate-elliptic, hairs very short.
22. P. pallidibacca
1. Peperomia lagunaensis C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ellipticis, basi et apice acutis, utrinque glabris et junioribus margine ciliatis, dein omnino glabris, 3-nerviis, petiolis glabris; pednnculis axillaribus terminalibusqne glabris, quam .petioli duplo longioribus; spicis maturis folia panllo superantibus, subdensi- floris; bracteae pelta orbiculari centro subsessili; antlieris ellipticis, filamentis brevibus ; ovario enierso obovato paullulo ’sub apice stigma- tifero, stigmate parvo glabro, bacca globosa glandulis asperulata.
Herba epiphytica. Caulis inferne e nodis radicans et h.aud dense pilosus, superne ramulosus et glaber. Ramuli glabri in sicco complanati, in sicco risque ad 1.5 mm crassi. Folia opposita. Limbi in sicco mem- branacei, superis usque ad 37 mm long! et 17 mm lati. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spicae usque ad 3 cm longae, 1 mm crassae. Bacca sessilis, sine pseudocupula, 0:5 mm crassa.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 5130, altitude about 1,100 m, March, not Common; Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6079 Robinson, March, Bur. Sci. 2JfJ/6 Foxworthy, March : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford lilt., May, Bur. Sci. 6210 Robinson, August.
408
DE CANDOLLE.
2. Peperomia canlaonensis C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis sat longe petiolatis ellipticis basi sub acutis apice obtusis, supra parce subtus densius et praesertim ad nervum pilosis, 1-nerviis ner- vuloque marginali fere usque ad tertiam partem longitudinis limbi ab apice decurrente, nervulis lateralibus paucis tenuissimis; petiolo piloso; pedunculis terminalibus pilosis petiolos pluries superantibus, spicis sub- densifloris quam folia paullo longioribus, bracteae pelta rotunda centro brevissime pedicellata, antheris ellipticis; ovario emerso ovato superne in stilum cylindricum carnosum producto, stilo summo apice stigmatifero, stigmate penicillato; bacca subglobosa apice mucronulata, sine pseudo- cupula et glandulis subasperulata.
Herba ad terram vel arborum truncos inter muscos repens. Caulis fili- formis pilosus. Folia opposita. Limbi in sicco membranacei et sparsim pellucido-punctati, usque ad 12.5 mm longi et 8 mm lati. Petioli 4 mm, pedunculi 12 mm longi. Bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diametro. Bacca sessilis, fere 1 mm longa et 0.75 mm crassa.
Negkos, Canlaon Volcano, Phil. PI. 251 Merrill, April, in the mossy forest, altitude 1,400 to 2,000 m.
3. Peperomia Ventenatii Miq. /3 pubescens Miq. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 486.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo- vel obovato-ellipticis, basi acutis apice obtusis subaeutisve, utrinque et subtus densius hirtellis, 1-nerviis nervuloque marginali ab apice decurrente; petiolis hirtellis; pedunculis terminalibus, hirtellis petiolos multo superantibus; spicis subdensifloris quam foliorum limbi subtriplo longioribus; bracteae pelta orbiculari centro breviter pedicellata, antheris rotundatis quam filamenta breviori- bus ; ovario emerso obovato-oblongo sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate minuto glabro, rhachi tarde sub bacca globosa producta.
Herba epiphyta, in truncis muscosis. Caulis subglaber inferne e nodis radicans, in sicco 1 mm crassus. Bamuli spiciferi dense hirtelli. Folia opposita. Limbi in sicco membranacei, 17 mm longi, 6 mm lati. Petioli 2 mm, pedunculi 11 mm longi. Spicae 35 mm longae, 1 mm crassae,
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill .£592,' November.
The type of the species is from Java.
4. Peperomia recurvata Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 141, forma pilosior C. DC.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis, basi et apice acutis vel
supremis obovatis basi acutis et summo apice acutis, utrinque dense hirtellis, 3-nerviis nervuloque marginali ex apice decurrente; pedunculis terminalibus axillaribusque petiolos superantibus dense hirtellis ; spicis glabris glandulis conspersis folia fere triplo superantibus; bracteae pelta suborbiculari centro subsessili, antheris rotundato-ellipticis,- ovario obovato paullo sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate minuto glabro.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
409
Herba, caule dense hirtello e nodis radicante, in sicco1 2 mm crasso. Folia opposita. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punc- tulati, 22-30 mm longi et 12-17 mm lati. Petioli 3 min, pednncnli fere 5 mm longi. Spicae florentes circiter 32 mm longae et 0.75 mm crassae.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, on mossy cliffs, Elmer 6622, June, Bur. Sci. 3501 Mearns, July.
The typical form of the species grows in Java.
Forma longispica C. DC. forma nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis e basi cnneata obovatis apice rotund atis, utrinque petiolisqne dense hirsutis, 3-nerviis ; pednncnlis axillaribus ter- minalibusque hirsntis quam petioli mnlto longioribus, spicis folia pluries superantibus, bracteae pelta rotnndato-elliptica supra centrum pedicellata ; anther is elliptieis, filamentis sat longis, ovario emerso ovato, sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate glabro, bacca globosa glandulis asperulata.
Herba rupicola, caule dense hirsute inferne e nodis radicante, 2.5 mm crasso, superne ramuloso. Eamuli spiciferi hirsuti, 1.5 mm crassi in sicco, subteretes. Folia caulinia terna, ramulorum spiciferorum opposita. Limbi in sicco membranacei, usque ad 25 mm longi et 12 mm lati. Petioli 3 mm, pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spicae maturae usque ad 10.5 cm longae, in sicco 0.5 mm crassae.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Kabayan, on wet rocky banks, Merrill 4k 25 , October; Baguio, For. Bur. 4841 Curran, August, Williams 1084, June.
5. Peperomia rubrivenosa C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis superis ternis, breviter petiolatis obovato-ellipticis, ima basi acutis subacutisve apice rotundatis, utrinque petiolisque glabris, incon- spieue 3-nerviis, superis ternatis; pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque petiolos pluries superantibus, densifioris; bracteae pelta orbiculari centro pedicellata ; antheris elliptieis, filamentis brevibus ; ovario rhachi impresso obovato, paullo sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate minuto glabro.
Herba epiphyta, Caulis in sicco complanatus 2 mm crassus, inferne radicans, pilosus, pilis fere 1.5 mm longis. Folia infera opposita. Limbi in sicco membranacei, pellucido-punctati, pallide vireseentes, in vivo sub- tus rubrivenosi; limbi inferi utrinque pilosi, superi utrinque glabri, 12-20 mm longi, 8-17 mm lati. Petioli 2.5 mm, pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spicae florentes usque ad 4 cm longae et 1 mm crassae.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Ba,guio, on trees, Williams 1083, May.
6. Peperomia tomentosa A. Dietr. Sp. PI. 1 (1831) 172, j3 carnosa C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 465.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Dr. Pond, March: Province of Abra,
Bur. Sci. 7226 Ramos , February. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 517, April, s. n., July.
Java.
410
DE CANDOLLE.
7. Peperomia reflexa A. Dietr. Sp. PI. 1 (1831) 180.
Forma subsessilifol ia C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 452.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas ) , For. Bur. 11105 Whitford, April, Bur. Sci. 5404 Ramos, December, Elmer 8576, succulent herbs forming loose tufts, upon moss-covered shrubs in dense woods; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16239 Curran, Merritt & ZschoJcke, January.
In the Hawaiian and other Pacific Islands.
Forma capensis Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 169.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, on mossy tree-trunks, Merrill J/583, November, For. Bur. 16008 Bacani, January: Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), on trees, For. Bur. 5066 Curran, August; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 8461 McGregor, June, altitude about 2,100 m. Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Copeland, April.
South Africa.
Forma parvilimba C. DC. forma nov.
. Limbis rotund ato-elliptieis rotundisve, membranaceis, supra puberulis,. subtus glabris, 6 mm longis.
Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, on rocks near the summit, Merrill 3918, October, Bolster 97, May.
Forma calcicola C. DC. forma nov.
Limbis -rotundis vel ovato-rotundis utrinque glabris, eoriaceis, 8-9 mm longis.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, plentiful on limestone formations, Elmer 6077, March, Bur. Sci. 3480 Mearns, July, Williams 1114, May.
8. Peperomia lanaoensis C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabra, foliis sat longe petiolatis subovato-rotundis, 5-nerviis ; pedunculis oppositifoliis terminalibusque petiolos aequantibns ; spicis quarn foliorum limbi subduplo longioribus, densifloris; braeteae pelta orbiculari centro pedicellata, filamentis antheras superantibus, ovario emerso obovato paullo sub apice stigmatifero.
Herba repens. Caulis tenuis, in sicco 0.55-0.75 mm crassus. Folia alterna. Limbi in sicco tenuiter membranacei, usque ad 17 mm longi latique. Petioli 8 mm longi; Spicae florentes 3 cm longae, 1 mm crassae.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 625, June.
9. Peperomia laevifolia Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 107.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Mount Mariveles, Merrill' 3205, October, on wet mossy rocks, exposed ridges in the mossy forest, altitude about 1,200 m.
Java.
10. Peperomia exigua Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 77.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 11004, June.
Java.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
411
11. Peperomia pellucida Kunth in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 1 (1815) 64.
Luzon, Manila, very common in damp places, Elmer 5511, January, Merrill 87,
May, Reyes 35, September : Province of Pampanga, Bacolor, Parker 23, May.
The plant is used in various ways, either as a remedy or as a condiment and is now widely spread in all tropical countries.
12. Peperomia Merrill i i C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabra, foliis rnodice petiolatis, superis ovatis, basi obtusis superne breviter attemratis et apice acutis obtusisve, 5-nerviis nervuloque marginali ab apice risque ad medium decurrente ; pedunculis opposi,tif oliis quam petioli brevioribus, spicis adultis quam foliorum limbi paullo longioribus ; bractea orbiculari centro pedicellata ; filamentis adultis sat longis antheris rotundis quam filamenta brevioribus; ovario emerso ovato, summo apice stigmatifero, bacca globosa glandulis asperulata et siue pseudocupula.
Herba in rupibus repens, in vivo succulentissima. Caulis in sicco complanatus usque ad 3 mm crassus. Folia alterna. Limbi in sicco tenuiter membranacei usque ad 4 cm longi et 3 cm lati, limbi inferi rotundato-ovati basi et apice obtusi. Petioli 10-15 mm, pedunculi 5 mm longi. Spicae bacciferae usque ad 4.5 cm longae et 2 mm crassae. Bacca sessilis.
Luzon, Province of Cavite, Maragondong, in ravines along streams, altitude about 300 m, Merrill 1/.180, July: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3359 Ahern’s collector, September, Bur. Sci. 1071 Ramos, July; Montalban, Loher It 585 , June.
13. Peperomia apoana C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis basi cune- atis apice obtusiusculis, 3-nerviis; pedunculis terminalibus axillaribusque quam petioli paullo longioribus; spicis quam folia longioribus, bracteae pelta orbiculari centro subsessili, antheris elliptieis, ovario emerso obovato summo apice stigmatifero, stigmate minuto.
Herba epiphyta. Caulis 1.5 mm crassus, inferne e nodis radicans. Folia alterna. Limbi in sicco membranacei opaci, 4 cm longi, usque ad 2 cm lati. Petioli 3 mm longi. Spicae 4.5 cm longae, 1.5 mm crassae. Filamenta antheris breviora.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Copeland 1002, April.
14. Peperomia pellucidopunctulata C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 756.
Omnino glabra, foliis rnodice 'petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis basi et apice acutis, 5-nerviis ; pedunculis terminalibus petiolos paullo superan- tibus ; spicis folii limburn paullo superantibus subdensifloris ; bractea orbiculari centro pedicellata, antheris parvis elliptieis; ovario emerso turbinato summo apice stigmatifero stigmate globoso, bacca subglobosa basi breviter attenuata.
412
DE CANDOLLE.
Caulis inf erne e nodis radicans, ramosus. Rami ut videtur erecti circiter 25 cm longi, in sicco 2.5 mm crassi. Folia altema. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 42 mm longi et 22 mm lati. Petioli 9 mm, pedunculi 12 mm longi. Spicae maturae 5 cm longae, 1 mm crassae. Rhachis sub bacea tarde in processum conicum producta. Bacca glandulis asperulata, fere 0.75 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 2962 M earns, June, Bur. Sci. 6469 Robinson, September; Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8436, March, a succulent herb on moist, deeply shaded cliffs and on moss-covered trees.
15. Peperomia negrosensis C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 756.
Negros, Dumaguete, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 9425, March.
16. Peperomia Elmeri C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 757.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 10493, May.
17. Peperomia Macgregorii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, superis obovatis ellipticisve, basi acutis apice rotundatis, utrinque haud dense pilosis, 3-nerviis et creberrime nervulosis nervuloque marginali ab apice usque ad medium decurrente, petiolo haud dense piloso; pedunculis terminalibus haud dense pilosis quam petioli fere triplo longioribus, spicis florentibus quam foliorum limbi duplo longioribus, bracteae pelt'a rotunda centro breviter pedicellata, antheris ellipticis, ovario obovato paullo sub apice oblique stigmatifero, stigmate minuto glabro.
Herba repens. Caulis dense pilosus in sicco membranaceus, 1.5 mm crassus, pili fere 0.75 mm longi. Folia alterna. Limbi in sicco tenuis- sime membranacei, epunctulati, usque ad 23 mm longi et ad 17 mm lati. Petioli 2 mm longi. Spicae 4 cm longae, fere 1.5 mm crassae. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 8380 McGregor, June.
18. Peperomia rivulorum C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 758.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 11148, July.
19. Peperomia puberulifolia C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis, basi acutis apice obtusius- culis utrinque puberulis, 3-nerviis, petiolo puberulo; pedunculis termina- libus glabris quam petioli pluries longioribus, spicis quam foliorum limbi longioribus, bracteae pelta rotunda centro subsessili, ovario emerso obovato paullulo sub apice oblique stigmatifero, stigmate glabro.
Herba repens. Caulis puberulus 1 mm crassus, pili brevissimi. Folia alterna. Limbi in sicco membranacei, superi fere 2 cm longi et 12 mm lati. Petioli 4 mm, pedunculi 15 mm longi. Spicae 2.5 cm longae, 0.5 mm crassae.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mabalucbaluc Pass, Bur. Sci. 604 7 Robinson, March.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
413
20. Peperomia mindoroensis C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis, alternis vel oppositis, elliptico-lanceolatis basi et apice aciitis utrinque petiolisque sat longe pilosis, 3-nerviis, nervis lateralibus quam centralis imilto tenuioribns ; peduneulis axillaribus ter- minalibusque petiolos superantibus, spicis matnris quam folia paullo longioribus, bracteae pelta orbicnlari centro subsessili; ovario rhachi impresso, obovato, paullo sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate minuto glabro, bacca globosa.
Herba arboricola. Caulis repens, in sicco 1 mm crassus, teres, ramu- lique dense et sat longe pilosi. Polia plerumque alterna, foliis oppositis intermixta. Limbi in sicco membranacei, usque ad 25 mm longi et 10 mm lati. Petioli 4 mm, pedunculi usque ad 8 mm longi. Spicae maturae usque ad 40 mm longae, 1 mm crassae. Rhachis sub bacca tarde pro- ducts Bacca glandulis asperulata, sine pseudocupula.
Mindoro, Binabay River, on mossy trees, Merrill 6107, 6184, November.
21. Peperomia marivelesana C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 758.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ellipticis basi acutis apice breviter et obtuse
attenuatis utrinque appresse et sat longe pilosis, margine ciliatis, 3- nerviis; petiolo dense hirsuto; pedunculo petiolum fere aequante hirsuto; spicis quam foliorum limbi subtriplo longioribus, filiformibus, glandulis conspersis ; bracteae pelta orbiculari centro pedicellata, glandulis con- spersa ; antheris rotundatis, ovario emerso obovato, sub apice stigmatifero, stigmate glabro.
Herba repens carnosa. Caulis ramulique dense hirsuti, ramuli in sicco 1 mm crassi. Polia alterna vel opposita. Limbi in sicco mem- branaeei, pellucido-punctati, usque ad 26 mm longi et 20 mm lati. Petioli usque ad 8 mm longi. Spicae florentes 15 mm longae, 1 mm crassae. Bracteae pelta 1.25 mm diametro. Pilamenta antheris breviora.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, altitude about 1,100 m, on rocks and trees in moss, Merrill 3721, January, Whitford 313, May, altitude 280 m, Elmer 6820, November. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 678 Foxworthy ( ?), sterile specimen. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 6147, November.
22. Peperomia pallidibacca C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 759.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas) , 'Elmer 9344,
March. ■
PIPER Linn. p. p.
Sectio Sarcostemon C. DC. sect. nov.
Spicae solitariae, oppositifoliae. Plores dioici: Bractea hypopelta
rhachi adnata, et tantum marginibus et extremitatibus libera. Stamen unicum, anthera in apice filamenti carnos-i sita, bilocularis, rimis introrsis dehiscens ; ovarium liberum. Bacca sessilis.
414
DE CANDOLLE.
1. Piper Korthalsii Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat. 1 (1863) 139; C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 365.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 5896, masc., 5905, fem., 8550, masc., 8760, fem., Williams 1066, fem., Bur. Sci. 2503 Mearns, fem.: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 933Jj., fem., climbing slender trees up to 15 feet, there bushy and much branched, berries yellow, when fully mature red, altitude about 2,000 feet. Mindoko, Bongabong River, Merrill 5592, fem., For. Bur. 3702 Merritt. Negros, Cuerhos Mountains, Elmer 9598, fem.
Sumatra.
j3 longibracteum C. DC. var. nov.
Bractea oblonga utrinque obtusa, 5 mm longa, 1.5 mm lata, filamento paullo longius puberulo, anthera fere in summo apice filamenti : fasciculis intramedullaribns 2-seriatis.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens Jj.63, masc., along the river, April.
Sectio Eupiper C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 339, emend.
Spicae solitariae, oppositifoliae. Flores dioici, raro hermaphroditi. Bractea hypopeltata, libera et pedicellata aut centro subsessilis, vel rhachi adnata et tantum marginibus et extremitatibus libera. Stamina 2 later- alia, rarins 3 vel 4 quorum 2 lateralia. Ovarium liberum vel in rhachi partim immersum et inferne cum ea concretum.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF EUPIPER.
1. Berry not stipitate, free or partly imbedded in and eoncrescent with the rachis, or berry as yet unknown.
2. Bract free, pedicellate or subsessile.
3. Flowers dioecious.
4. Limb of leaf multinerved, that is, with all the main nerves distinct or very nearly so from the base.
5. Limb quite glabrous.
6. Berry free.
7. Limb cordate or repand at the base, 6 cm long, 1.5 cm wide.
2. P. costulatum
7. Limb cordulate at the base, 12 to 15 cm long, 4.5 to 5 cm wide.
7. P. miniatum (formae)
7. Limb acute at the base.
. 8. Limb 4 cm long, 1.5 cm wide 3. P. curtifolium
8. Limb 8 cm long, 4 cm wide 4. P. varibracteum
8. Limb 11 cm long, 3.7 cm wide 5. P. cacuminum
6. Berry unknown; limb acute at the base, 5.5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide.
6. P. fragile var. multinerve
5. Limb glabrous above, more or less pubescent on the lower surface.
6. Berry free.
7. Limb cordulate at the base, 12 to 15 cm long, 4.5 to 5 cm wide.
7. P. miniatum
7. Limb tapering in its lower part and acute at the base, 9 cm long,
4 cm wide' 8. P. halconense
6. Berry partly imbedded in and eoncrescent with the rachis.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
415
7. Peduncle shorter than the petiole; limb ovate, rounded at the base,
5.5 cm long, 4 cm wide 9. P. mindorense
7. Peduncle longer than the petiole; limb oblong-ovate, cordate at the
base, up to 6.5 cm long and 3.7 cm wide 10. P. longum
5. Limb pubescent on both surfaces.
6. Berry free and without a style ; limb ovate-oblong, obtuse at the
base, 14.5 cm long, 5.2 cm wide 11. P. pilipes
6. Berry free and with a terminal style ; limb ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, 13 to' 19 cm long, up to. 9 cm wide.... 12. P. rhyncholepsis
4. Limb multiplinerved or penninerved, that is, with some of the lateral nerves or all of them issuing from the central nerve.
5. Limb cordate at the base.
6. Limb entirely glabrous. f
7. Limb multiplinerved.
8. Berry free.
9. Peduncle shorter than the petiole; limb 20 cm long, 9.5 cm
wide 13. P. lageniovarium
9. Peduncle as long as the petiole; limb 7 cm long, 5.5 cm wide.
14. P. sarmentosum
9. Peduncle longer than the petiole.
10. Limb 12 cm long, 6.5 cm wide 15. P. Zamboangae
10. Limb 23 to 26 cm long, 13 to 16 cm wide.... 16. P. Forstenii
8. Berry partly imbedded in and conerescent with the rachis.
9. Limb 11 cm long, 4.5 cm wide; spike 3 cm long.
49. P. retrofractum (3
9. Limb 17.5 cm long, 10.5 cm wide; spike 32 cm long.
17. P. rotundistigmum
8. Berry unknown; peduncle shorter than the petiole; limb 11.5
cm long, 9 cm wide 18. P. Fenixii
7. Limb penninnerved ; berry free; limb 12 to 15 cm long, 9 to 10 cm wide; connective prolonged above the pollen-sacs.
48. P. corylistacfiyon forma a 6. Limb glabrous above, more or less pubescent on the lower surface, at least on the nerves.
7. Limb up to 14.5 cm long and 7 cm wide; female spike 2.5 cm long.
19. P. aurilimbum
7. Limb up to 21 cm long and 12 cm wide; male spike 11 cm long.
20. P. subprostratum
6. Limb pubescent on both surfaces.
7. Limb ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, 10 cm long, 2.8 cm wide.
21. P. Ramosii
7. Limb subovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, 19 cm long, 9.5 cm wide.
22. P. MerriUii
5. Limb semicordate at the base, up to 21 cm long and 8 cm wide; male
and female spikes 3 to 4 cm long 23. P. pseudochavica
5. Limb neither cordate nor semicordate at the base.
6. Limb quite glabrous.
7. Limb multiplinerved.
8. Berry free.
9. Limb narrowly ovate-lanceolate, up to 8 cm long and 2.5 cm
wide 59. P. delicatum /3
9. Limb elliptic, 16 cm long, 11.5 cm wide 24. P. cristatum
416
DE CANDOLLE.
9. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, up to 17 cm long and 4.7 cm wide.
25. P. longistigmum
9. Limb widely subovate-elliptic, up to 5 cm long and 13 cm wide.
26. P. albidirameum
8. Berry partly imbedded in and concrescent with the raehis.
9. Limb not attenuate above the extreme base.
10. Raehis glabrous.
11. Peduncle shorter than the petiole.
12. Limb rounded-elliptic, up to 21 cm long and 15 cm
wide 27. P. maagnasanum
12. Limb widely ovate, up to 22.5 cm long and 14 cm wide.
28. P. pendulifolium 11. Peduncle longer than the petiole; limb ovate, up to 11.5
cm long and 6 cm wide 29. P. puberulinodum
10. Raehis pilose.
11. Peduncle shorter than the petiole; limb ovate, rounded or obtuse at the base, 9.5 to 12 cm long, 7.5 to 9.5
cm wide JftE&hdc. 30. P. oophyllum
11. Peduncle nearly equal to the petiole; limb ovate, cordu- late at the extreme base, 14.5 cm long, 9 cm wide.
31. P. petraeum
11. Peduncle longer than the petiole; limb ovate, rounded at the base, 10 to 13 cm long, 6.5 to 7.5 cm wide.
32. P. Betle
9. Limb distinctly attenuate from above the base.
10. Raehis glabrous.
11. Limb equilateral at the base.
12. Peduncle nearly equal to the petiole; limb ovate, up to 9 cm long, and 6.5 cm wide.... 33. P. carnistilum
12. Peduncle longer than the petiole.
13. Limb ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 11 cm long, 3 to 4 cm
wide it,.. 34. P. Chaba
13. Limb rhomboid-lanceolate, 10 cm long, 3.2 cm wide.
35. P. rhombophyllum 11. Limb distinctly inequilateral at the base; elliptic-lanceo- late, 6 to 7 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide.
36. P. Langlassei
10. Raehis pilose.
11. Peduncle equaling or a little shorter than the petiole.
12. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 12 cm long, 6 cm wide.
37. P. breviamentum
12. Limb ovate, up to 9 cm long and 4 cm wide.
38. P. baguionum
11. Peduncle longer than the petiole; limb ovate-lanceolate, up to 11 cm long and 5.5 cm wide.. 39. P. bathycarpum 8. Berry unknown.
9. Limb equilateral or nearly so at the base.
10. Peduncle shorter than or nearly equal to the petiole.
11. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 8.5 cjn long, 3.5 cm wide.
40. P. cagayanense
11. Limb oblong-ovate, up to 11 cm long and 5.5 cm wide.
41. P. firmolimbum
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
417
11. Limb oblong-elliptic-laneeolate, up to 12.5 cm long and
4.5 cm wide 42. P. malindangense
11. Limb narrowly subovate-lanceolate, up to 9 cm long and
1 cm wide 43. P. podand/rum
10. Peduncle longer than the petiole.
11. Limb narrowly ovate-lanceolate, up to 10 cm long and
1.5 cm wide . 'l.-X, 44. P. viminale
11. Limb ovate-elliptic, up to 14 cm long and 6.5 cm wide.
45. P. philippinum
11. Limb elliptic-oblong, 15 cm long, 5 cm wide.
46. P. Jagori
9. Limb distinctly inequilateral at the base; peduncle longer than the petiole; limb ovate, 6.3 cm long, 3.2 cm wide.
47. P. polycladum
7. Limb penninerved.
8. Berry free; limb oblong-ovate, 15 to 17 cm long, 6.5 to 7.5 cm wide; connective distinctly prolonged above the pollen-saclcs.
48. P. corylistachyon
8. Berry partly imbedded in and concrescent with the rachis; limb oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 8.5 to 16 cm long, 3.5 to 6.5
cm wide 49. P. retrofractum
8. Berry unknown.
9. Limb equilateral at the base, elliptic-lanceolate, up to 20 cm
long and 8.5 cm wide .......IfSl'.. 50. P. penninerve
9. Limb distinctly inequilateral at the base, ovate-lanceolate, up
to 8.5 cm long and 3.5 cm wide.......... P. striatum
6. Limb glabrous above, more or less pubescent on the lower surface.
7. Limb multiplinerved.
8. Limb not attenuate above the extreme base.
9. Berry free; limb elliptic-lanceolate, up to 16 cm long and 5
cm wide 52. P. oblongilaccum
9. Berry partly imbedded in and concrescent with the rachis; limb rounded-ovate, up to 13 cm long and 9 cm wide.
53. P. Willi arnsii
9. Berry unknown.
10. Bract orbicular.
11. Limb oVate-elliptic, 6 cm long, 2.6 cm wide.
54. P. Allenii
11. Limb rounded-ovate, 10 to 11 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide.
55. P. sibulanum
11. Limb oblong-ovate, 11 cm long, 5 cm wide.
56. P. malarayatense
10. Bract elliptic or semilunar.
11. Spike much shorter than the limb, the limb ovate, up to 7.2 cm long and 3 cm wide............ 57. P. siassiense
11. Spike about twice as long as the limb, the limb oblong- ovate, 7 cm long and 3 cm wide........ 58. P. laxirameum
8. Limb attenuate above and acute at the base.
9. Berry free.
10. Limb narrowly ovate-lanceolate, up to 8 cm long and 2.5
cm wide 59. P. delicatum
10. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, up to 18 cm long and 7 cm. wide.
60. P. dewudatum
>7605 -4
DE CANDOLLE.
9. Berry partly imbedded in and concreseent with the rachis; limb elliptic-lanceolate, lip to 14 cm long and 6 cm wide.
61. P. longivaginans
7. Limb penninerved.
8. Berry free; limb elliptic-oblong, inequilateral and attenuate at the base, up to 19 cm long and 6 cm wide.. 62. P. parcirameum 8. Berry partly imbedded in and concreseent with the rachis; limb elliptic-lanceolate, rounded on one side of the base, up to 13
cm long and 5.5 cm wide 63. P. crassinodum
6. Limb pubescent on both surfaces.
7. Bran chiefs glabrous; berry unknown; limb ovate-oblong, up to
11.7 cm long and 3.4 cm wide 64. P. parcipilum
7. Branchlets pubescent.
8. Berry free; bract orbicular.
9. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, up to 5.5 cm long and 2 cm wide,
65. P. Robinsonii
9. Limb ovate-' or elliptic-lanceolate, 9.5 to 10.5 cm long, 3.5 to
4.5 cm wide 66. P. ovatibaccum
9. Limb ovate-lanceolate, up to 13 cm long and 4 cm wide.
67. P. Toppingii
8. Berry unknown; bract obovate; limb ovate-lanceolate, up to 9
cm long and 2.5 cm wide 68. P. obovatibracteum
3. Flowers hermaphrodite.
4. Ovary free ; limb ovate, acute at the equilateral base, rather long-acumi- nate, 8.5 cm long, 4.7 cm wide 69. P. Mearnsii
4. Ovary partly imbedded in and concreseent with the rachis ; limb elliptic- lanceolate, acute at the equilateral base, long-acuminate, up to 12 cm
• long and 5.5 cm wide 70. P. Gopelandii
. Bract oblong or obovate-oblong, adnate to the rachis, free only along its margins and at its extremity; berry free, not stipitate.
3. Flowers dioecious.
4. Limb of leaf multinerved, quite glabrous.
5. Limb 5-nerved, rachis pubescent.
6. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to1 10 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide.
71. P. interruptum
6. Limb narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 11.5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide.
72. P. ellipticibaccum
5. Limb 7-nerved;
'6. Limb rounded at the base, subrounded-ovate in outline, acuminate at the apex, 11 cm long and 6.5 cm wide; rachis glabrous.
73. P. Clemensiae
6. Limb acute or subacute at the base; rachis pubescent.
7. Scandent.
8. Limb ovate-lanceolate, up to 12 cm long and 6.5 cm wide.
74. P. Loheri
8. Limb ovate-elliptic, 16 cm long, 8.5 cm wide.
75. P. laevirameum
7. Not scandent; limb ovate-lanceolate, 10.5 cm long, 5.5 cm wide.
76. P. abraense
4. Limb multiplinerved, quite glabrous. 5. Rachis glabrous.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
419
6. Limb ovate-elliptic, acute and slightly longer on one side at the base, of the same width on both sides of the central nerve, 11 to 15 cm
long, 5 to 9 cm wide 77. P. glabrispicum
6. Limb ovate-elliptic, subacute and of the same length on both sides at the base, distinctly hot of the same width on both sides of the
central nerve, 11 to 15 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide 78. P. nigrum
5. Raehis pilose.
6. Limb oblong-ovate, obtuse at the base, 12.5 cm long, 4.7 cm wide;
spike shorter than the limb 79. P. pilispicum
6. Limb ovate, acute at the base, 9 cm long, 4.7 cm wide; spike several
times longer than- the limb - 80. P. davaoense
3. Flowers hermaphrodite; limb elliptic, acute at the base, 11 cm long, 5
cm wide .... 78. P. nigrum f3 trioicum
1. Berry free and stipitate.
2. Limb of leaf multinerved and quite glabrous, ovate-elliptic, subacute at the base, rather long-acuminate at the apex, up to 8.5 cm long, 4.5 cm wide.
81. P. pulogense
2. Limb multiplinerved.
3. Limb quite glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous on the central nerve beneath.
4. Bract orbicular and glabrous.
5. Limb oblong-ovate, obtuse or eordulate at the base, up to 10 cm long,
and 3.2 cm wide :X:. .. 82. P. apoanum
5. Limb narrowly oblong-ovate, obtuse and slightly inequilateral at the
base, 11 cin long, 1.8 cm wide... ... -Ml 83. P. negrosense
5. Limb oblong, equilateral and obtuse or acute at the base, 11 cm long,
3.5 to 4 cm wide. 84. P. densibaccum
5. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, attenuate in its lower portion, equilateral and acute at the base, up to 12 cm long and 3.5 cm wide.
85. P. dipterocarpinum
4. Bract rounded-obovate, glabrous ; limb ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded or subrounded at the slightly inequilateral base, 11.5 cm long, 5 to 7.5
cm wide i*ft 86. P. dagatpanum
4. Bract transversely elliptic, glabrous; limb elliptic-lanceolate, attenuate in its lower portion and acute at its equilateral base, 9 to 10 cm long,
3 to 3.5 cm wide , 87. P. pa/ucinerve
4. Bract orbicular and ciliate on the margin; limb ovate-oblong, cordate at
the base, up to 12 cm long and 4 cm wide 88. P. tenuirameum
3. Limb glabrous or sparingly hirtellous on the central nerve of the upper surface, more or less pubescent on the lower surface.
4. Berry globose or subglobose.
5. Bract orbicular, glabrous,
6. Limb oblong-ovate, eordulate or obtuse at the base, up to 11.5 cm
long and 4.5 cm wide 89. P. marivelesanum
6. Limb ovate, rounded at the base, attenuate at the apex, up to 10.5
cm long and 5.2 cm wide....... 90. P. basilanum
6. Limb ovate, rounded at the base, long-acuminate at the apex, 12 cm
long, 7 cm wide 92. P. caninum var. sablanum
6. Limb elliptic-lanceolate, acute at the base, 13.5 cm long, 6 cm wide.
91. P. Hallieri
5. Bract obovate-rounded, glabrous ; limb ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, up to 11.5 cm long and 5.5 cm wide.
92. P. caninum var. glabribracteum
420
DE CANDOLLE.
5. Bract orbicular, ciliate on the margins; limb ovate-oblong, acute at the
base, up to 11 cm long and 4 cm wide 92. P. camnum
4. Berry fusiform; limb narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 10.5 cm long, 3 cm wide.
93. P. acutibaccum
3. Limb pubescent on both surfaces.
4. Bract orbicular and glabrous.
5. Limb ovate-acuminate, equilateral and rounded at the base, 8.5 cm long,
5 din wide 92. P. caninum var. latibracteum
5. Limb ovate-acuminate, cordate and slightly inequilateral at the base,
10.5 cm long, 4.7 cm wide 94. P. Merrittii
4. Bract obovate, glabrous ; limb ovate, equilateral and cordate at the base, 12 cm long, 6 cm wide 95. P. tenuipedunculatum
2. Limb penninerved.
3. Limb glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent beneath, oblong-ovate, acute and nearly equilateral at the base, up to 12 cm long and 5.2 cm wide.
96. P. malalaganum
3. Limb pubescent on both surfaces, ovate-elliptic, rounded on one side, acute on the other side of the inequilateral base, up to 14 cm long and 4.5 cm wide — 97. P. villilimbum
2. Piper costulatum C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 760.
Foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis basi aequilatera cordatis vel repandis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis utrinque glabris, 7-9-nerviis, nervis lateralibus extremis 2 vel ’ 3 quam alii tenuioribus et magis divaricantibus ; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante ; stirpis mase. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus multo breviore, spica subtlorente quam folii limbus quadruplo breviore, rhachi hirtella, bracteae glabrae pelta orbiculari paullo infra centrum pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris ovatis parvis; stirpis fern, pedunculo ut in mare, spica quam folii limbus fere triplo breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa, rhachi hirtella, bracteae glabrae pelta orbiculari centro subsessili, bacea libera globosa, stigmatibus 3 oblongis et acutis.
Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Famuli glabri primum costulati dein teretes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos in costulis dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes nulli; cellulae selerosae interfasciculares cum phloemate fasciculorum periphericorum continuae. Limbi in sicco tenu- iter membranacei pellucidi et minute pellucido-punctulati, in mare usque ad 6 cm longi et 1.5 cm lati, in femina paullo breviores. Petioli circiter 7 mm, pedunculi 3 mm longi. Stirpis mase. spicae florentes 1.25 mm, stirpis fern. 7 mm crassae, baccae dense confertae 2 mm crassae. Stig- mata in apice baccae sessilia.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 8768, mase., 3248 fem., common on ridges in the mossy forest, on small trees, altitude 700 m, Whitford 129, mase., altitude about 1,000 m, For. Bur. 2411 Meyer, mase., altitude about 1,100 m, Williams 415, mase., 7 43, fem., For. Bur. 6221, 6222 mase., 6271 fem., Curran, altitude 800 m. For. Bur. 209 Barnes, mase., For. Bur. 2394, mase., 2097, fem. Borden, altitude about 1,000 m, Copeland 258, mase., altitude about 1,000 m, Elmer 6805, fem., Bur. Sci. 1597 Foxworthy, fem.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
421
3. Piper curtifolium C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabrum, foliis parvis modice petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis, in- feme attennatis et ima basi aequilatera acutis apice acute aeuminatis, 5-nerviis; petiolo ima basi vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum aequante, spica matura quam folii limbus fere quadruplo breviore eylin- drica apice obtusa, braeteae pelta longitudinaliter elliptica centre breviter pedicellata, ovario libero ovato, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 ovato-acutis, baeca globosa.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, primum laeves et postea crebre lenticellosi, spiciieri 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fascicules discretes dispositum et liaud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punc- tulati usque ad 4 cm longi et 1.5 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm longi. Braeteae pelta 1.5 mm longa 1 mm lata. Bacca 1.5 mm crassa. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Mount Paraga, Bur. Soi. 7101 Ramos, February.
4. Piper varibracteum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 760.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 11998, October.
5. Piper cacuminum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 761.
Foliis modice petiolatis ovato-oblongis basi ima aequilatera acutis apice
longe attenuato-acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 5-nerviis- petiolo glabro ultra medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo superante ; spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, ovata, rbachi hirsuta, braeteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, ovario libero, stig- matibus 3 rotundis, baccis condensis ovatis apice acutis.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri in sicco rubro-fusci, spiciferi 1-2 mm crassi, costulati, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos in costulis dis- positum et haud libriforme, canalis lysigenis nullus. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, 11 cm longi et usque ad 3.7 cm lati. Petioli 1 cm, peduneuli 1.5 cm longi. Spica matura 15 mm longa, 9 mm crassa, flores in vivo albi. Baccae in vivo atro-rubrae in sicco fuscescentes, braeteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Elmer 6890, November, rare near the summit of the mountain : Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8016 Curran & Merritt, above an altitude of 2,000 m.
6. Piper fragile Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 234, var. multi- nerve C. DC. var. nov.
Foliis longe petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis basi ima aequilatera acutis apice breviter attenuato-acutis, utrinque glabris, 5-nerviis; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo quam petiolus paullo longiore, glabro ; spica florente quam folii limbus dimidio breviore, rhaehi hirsuta, braeteae glabrae pelta orbiculari pedieello longiusculo hirsuto, antheris ellipticis filamentis brevissimis.
422
DE CANDOLLE.
Dioicurn, scandens. Hamuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et hand libri forme, fascicnli intrame- dullares 1-seriati, eanalis lysigenis unions centralis. Limbi in sicco mem- branacei minute pellncido-punctnlati, 5.5-6 cm longi, 3.5 cm lati, inferi rotnndati et 5 mm supra basin peltati apice acuminati. Petioli 15 mm, pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spica florens circiter 25 mm longa, 1 mm crassa. Stamina 2, antherae bivalvae.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Pasacao, near seashore, Merrill 2366. Bucas, Merrill 5211.
The species grows in New Guinea.
7. Piper miniatum Bl. in Verb. Bat. Genoots. 1 1 (1826) 166..
Luzon, Province of Albay, Cuming 841 : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 504, Leiberg 6017, Elmer 6683. SamAk, Cuming 1108. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens, s. n.
Forma b C. DC.
Foliis ramulisque omnino glabris, ramulis in sicco- flavidis, limbus quoad latitudinem ut in typo.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Mount Paraga, Bur. Sci. 1205 Ramos.
Forma c C. DC.
Foliis ramulisque omnino glabris limbis coriaceis quam in typo multo angustioribus, ramulis fuscescentibus.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, in forests, altitude 800 m, Elmer 1384, 1910.
Widely (distributed in India and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
/3 hirtellum C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 355.
Chavica miniata (3 hirtella Miq. Sumatra (1862) 473.
Ramulis novellis petiolisque rufo-hirsutis, foliis subtus ad nervo's pilosis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), in damp forests on steep slopes at an altitude of about 750_ m, Elmer. 11229.
8. Piper halconense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis, inferne attenuatis et basi ima aequilatera acutis, apice acute attenuato-acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos parce hirtellis, 7-nerviis nervis lateralibus extremis quam alii multo tenuioribus; petiolo glabro fere usque ad limbum vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica matura quam folii limbus plunes breviore, cylindrica, rhachi hirsuta, bractea sessili rotunda glabra, bacca libera ovata apice in stilum brevem attenuata, stigmatibus 3 minutis ovato-acutis.
Dioicurn, erectum, 1 m altum. Ramuli glabri teretes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, eanalis lysigenis nullus. Limbi in sicco membranacei creber-
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
423
rime pellucido-punctulati , 9 cm longi 4 cm lati. Petioli pedunculique 10-11 mm longi. Spica 8-15 mm longa 5-6 mm crassa, in vivo aureo- flava. Bractea 0.75 mm diametro. Bacca cum stilo 2 mm longa, in vivo rubra in, sicco fuscescens.
Mindoeo, Mount Ilalcon, For. Bur. J/S93 Merritt, in flower, June, Merrill 5773, in fruit, November.
9. Piper mindorense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis parvis breviter petiolatis, ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice breviter et subacute aeuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos hirtellis, 9-nerviis nervis lateralibus extremis tenuibus; petiolo dense hirtello fere usque ad limbum vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo hirtello quam petiolus breviore, spica matura subglobosa, braeteae pelta rotunda, bacca inferne rhachi immersa superne umbonata, stigmatibus 3 linear! bus.
Dioicum, scandens. Bamuli dense retrorsum et crispule hirtelli, spi- ciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unieus centralis. Limbi in sicco rigiduli, usque ad 5.5 cm longi et 3.5 cm lati. Petioli 10 mm, pedunculi 6 mm longi. Spica matura circiter 7 mm longa. Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Mindoeo, Mount Halcon, For. Bur. hh7h Merritt, June.
10. Piper longum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 41, excl. syn. Rumph.
Philippines, unknown collector in herb. DC.
11. Piper pilipes C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis brevissime petiolatis, ovato-oblongis basi aequilatera obtusis apice acute aeuminatis, utrinque et praesertim subtus villosis, 5-nerviis, petiolo dense villoso basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo dense villoso petiolum pluries superante, spica matura folii limbum aequante, rhachi hirsuta, braeteae pelta rotunda glabra, centro pedicellata pedicello sat longo hirsuto', bacca libera oblonga apice rotundata, stigmatibus 3 minutissimis et cito deciduis.
Dioicum, scandens. Bamuli villosi, pili in sicco rufescentes 1.5 mm longi, ramuli spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma subcontinuum et libri- forme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unieus cen- tralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 14.5 cm1 longi et ad 52 mm lati. Petioli 6 mm, pedunculi 30 mm longi. Spica cum baccis circiter 6 mm crassa. Braeteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro. Bacca 1.5 mm longa, 0.75 mm crassa. Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keitkley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., July. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 691J/. Robinson, August, 1909, on river banks, east of the town of Polillo, climbing on trees, flowers dark-red.
12. Piper Rhyncholepsis C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 344.
Rhyncholepsis Cumingiana Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 282.
Samae, Cuming 1697.
424
DE CANDOLLE.
Var. brevicuspe C. DC. 1. c.
Rhyncholepsis brevicuspis Miq. 1. c.
Bohol, Cuming 18 43.
13. Piper lageniovarium C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 763.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 10589, May.
14. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. El. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 1 (1820) 162.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Batan Island, Bur. Sci. 6429 Robinson, September.
15. Piper Zamboangae C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabrum, foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis, basi leviter cordatis apice acute acuminatis, 7-plinerviis ; nervo centrali nervos 2 adseendentes subop.posite mittente, quorum supremus a 1 cm supra ' basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 2 utrinque a basi solutis, petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum duplo superante, spica subtlorente cylin- drica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, bracteae pelta rotunda, ovario libero, stigmatibus 3 ovatis.
Dioicum. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collencbyma con- tinuum interrupte incrassatum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramed- ullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes peripherici nulli. Limbi in sieco membranacei, pellucido-punctulati, superi 12 cm longi et 6.5 cm lati, inferi ovato-rotundi basi profunde cordati, 12 cm longi et 10 cm lati. Petioli 1 cm, pedunculi 2 cm longi. Spica subflorens 1 cm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Hallier, February.
16. Piper Forstenii C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 348, emend.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ample ovatis basi valde inaequilatera cordatis apice subacute attenuato-acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 13-15-plinerviis nervo centrali fere ex 0.25 longitudinis suae nervum adscendentem utrinque alternatim mittente, aliis nervis altero latere 5 vel 6 altero 7 vel 8 a basi divaricantibus; petiolo glabro fere usque ad medium vafginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum superante, spica ma- tura quam folii limbus longiore, crassa, rhachi hirsuta ; bracteae pelta rotunda glabra, pedicello longo hirsuto, ovario libero ovato apice at- tenuate, stigmate carnoso trilobulato, baccis condensis oblongo-ovatis.
Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli glabri in sicco pallidi, spiciferi 6 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 2-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis canalesque peripherici numerosi cel- lulis gelifactis farcti. Limbi in sicco pergamacei pallescentes, a petiolo 23-26 cm longi, 13-16 cm lati, lobi basilares inaequales summo petiolo inserti. Stipulge superne ad petiolum attenuatae. Petioli 4 cm, pedun- culi 57 mm longi. Spica matura 29 cm longa infeme circiter 1 cm crassa. Bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Bacca 1.5 mm longa.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 572, May, in flower, s. n., July, in fruit: District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo) Elmer 11179, July, in fruit.
Also found in Amboina.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
425
17. Piper rotundistigmum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis basi aequilatera cordatis apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos parcissime pilosis, 17-plinerviis nervo centrali usque ad tertiam partem longitudinis suae nervos a,dscen- dentes utrinque 3 mittente aliis nervis a basi divaricantibus; petiolo dense piloso basi fere ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum superante glabro, spiea matura folii limbum multo superante cylindrica crassa apice attenuata, rbachi glabra, bracteae glabrae pelta lunulata pedicello brevi carnoso, bacca infeme in rbachi immersa;, stigmatibus 3, rotundatis brevibus carnosis.
Dioicum. Eamuli glabri, spicif eri 4 mm, in 5 mm crassis collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in' sicco firmo-mem- branacei inconspicue pellucido-punctulati, 17.5 cm longi 10.5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 2.5 cm longi et 2 mm crassi. Pedunculi 4 cm longi et 2 mm crassi. Spica 32 cm longa et usque ad 7 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta, 0.75 mm Tonga 'et 1 mm lata. . Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., September.
18. Piper Fenixii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis sat longe petiolatis, rotundato-ovatis basi aequilatera cordatis apice acute protracto-acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 9-ninerviis nervo cen- trali ex 7-12 mm supra basin nervum adscendentem utrinque vel tantum. altero latere mittente, aliis nervis a basi divaricantibus ; petiolo glabro basi- ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus multo breviore, spica florente quam folii limbus paullo breviore, rbachi parce pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris minutis rotundatis, quam filamenta brevioribus.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, vetustiores in sicco albicantes, spiciferi fuscescentes fere 2 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco .rigido-membranacei creberrime pellucido-punc- tulati, usque ad 11.5 cm longi et 9 cm lati. Petioli 20 mm, pedunculi 9 mm longi. Spica 8.5 cm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro, antherae bivalvatae.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3652 Fenix, rocky hillsides along streams, May.
19. Piper auri limbum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 764.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, near Sablan, Elmer 8866, March.
20. Piper subprostratum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis basi valde inaequilatera cordatis apice attenuato-acutis, supra, glabris subtus ad nervos minute velutino- puberulis, 13-plinerviis nervo centrali ex 0.25 longitudinis suae nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 alternatim mittente, aliis nervis altero latere 4 altero 5 a basi divaricantibus; petiolo minute velutino-puberulo usque
426
DE CANDOLLE.
ad medium vagin.an.te; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum multo superante, spica florente quam limbi dimidium paullo longiore, rhachi hirsuta, bractearum pelta glabra in inferis rotunda in superis transverse elliptic, a, pedicello longo et hirsute, staminibus 2 antheris ovatis filamenta subaequantibus.
Dioicum, caule plus minusve prostrate 1.5 m longo. Ramuli minutis- sirne. velutino-puberuli, spiciferi 3 mm crassi, eollenchyma continuum sat crassum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis, cellulae flavidae in cortice et medulla crebrae. Limbi in sicco membranacei crebre pellucido-pUnctulati, a petiole 21 cm longi et usque ad 12 cm lati. Petioli 2 cm longi, stipulae extus minutis- sime puberulae superne ad petiolum attenuatae. Pedunculi usque ad 3.5 cm longi. Spica subflorens cylindrica apice obtusa, 11.5 cm longa 4 mm crassa. Bractearum pelta in inferis 1.5 mm diametro in superis 1 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata. Stamina inf era in speciminibus visis monstrosa, nempe cum filamentis dilatatis et antheris rudimentariis.
Mindoro, south of Lake Naujan, For. Bur. 6751 Merritt, April, altitude about 100 m.
21. Piper Ramosii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-oblongis basi inaequilatera cordatis apice longe et acute attenuato-acuminatis utrinque breviter et sat dense hirtellis lobis basis rotundatis quorum major auriculaeformis, nervo cen- tjrali fere a 1 cm supra basin trifido, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2 a basi divaricantibus ; petiolo dense hirsuto basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo hirsuto petiolum aequante, spica subflorente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro breviter pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris reniformibus.
Dioicum. Ramuli teretes, juniores dense hirsuti postea glabri et in sicco pallidi, in 1.5 mm crassis eollenchyma. continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis nullus. Limbi in sicco membranacei ereberrime Sjfellucido-punctulati 10 cm longi 28 mm lati, basis lobi summo petiolo inserti. Petioli superi 3 mm, inferi 11 mm longi. Spica subflorens 35 mm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diametro.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, San Isidro’, Bur. Sci. 1755 Ramos, January.
■ . 22. Piper Merrill ii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, subobovato-ellipticis basi inaequilatera cordatis ■ latere longiore auriculiformi apice breviter aeuminatis, supra tantum ad basin nervi centralis subtus ad nervos nervulosque, hirtellis, 10- vel 11- plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 alternatim mit- tente, quorum superus a 5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2 vel 3 a basi solutis quorum superus adscendens et inferi divaricantes ac aliis multo tenuiores; petiolo ddrso hirsuto usque ad
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
427
limbi latus longius vaginante; stirpis masc. peduneulo quam petiolus breviore hirsuto, spica cylindrica apice obtusa quam folii limbus fere triplo breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta orbicularis glabra centro pedicellata pedicello hirsute*; staminibus 2 antheris sessilibus ovatis ; stirpis fern, peduneulo quam petiolus breviore et parce hirtello, spica cylindrica apice obtusa quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi et bractea ut in mare, ovario libero glabro conoideo superne in stilum sat longum attenuate, stigmatibus 3 linearibus brevibus.
Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Eamuli retrorsum hirsuti 2-3 mm crassi, collenchyma haud libriforme fere continuum, fasciculi intrame- dullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 19 cm longi et ad 9.5 cm lati. Petioli usque acl limbi latus longius 18 mm, inter limbi latera 5 mm longi. Stipulae extus hirtellae. Pedunculi circiter 10 mm longi. Stirpis masc. spica florens fere 6 cm longa. et 4 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 1.75 mm diametro, antherae 1 mm longae; stirpis fern, spica florens 2 cm longa 5 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro.
Mindoro, Baco River, Merrill 1809, masc., April, 4038, fem., March, McGregor 118, masc., March. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Banks s. n., March.
Forma b.
Limbis minoribus usque ad 10.5 cm longis et 4.7 cm latis.
Negrqs, Mount Silay, Whitford 1541, fem.
23. Piper pseudochavica C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 351, emend.
Ghavica Lessertiana Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 270.
Piper Lessertianum C. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4 (1866) 164, non C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 258.
Poliis breviter petio'latis subobovato-oblongo-ellipticis, basi valde inae- quilatera semicordatis altero latere angustiore attenuatis altero auri- culaeformibus, apice longe et acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus basi sat longe et haud dense pilosis, 10-plinerviis nervo centrali ex 2—3.5 cm supra basin nervos 2 adscendentes utrinque mittente, nervis lateralibus altero latere 2 altero 3 a basi solutis quorum extremi tenuissimi; petiolo piloso basi. vaginante; stirpis masc. peduneulo glabro quam petiolus pluries longiore, spica subflorente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda glabra, pedicello hirsuto, staminibus 2 antheris ovatis apice subacutis filamentis oblongls brevibus; stirpis fem. peduneulo ut in mare, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore cylindrica apice obtusa, rhachi et bractea ut in mare, bacca libera oblonga apice obtusa, stigmatibus 3 rotundatis parvis.
Dioicum, scandens. - Eamuli longe et haud dense pilosi, spiciferi fere 2 mm' crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi in tram e- dullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis canalesque peripherici plures, zona cellularum sclerosarum continua collenchyma circumdans. Limbi
428
DE CANDOLLE.
in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati usque ad 21 cm longi et ad 8 cm lati. Petioli fere 6 mm longi. Pedunculi usque ad 5.5 cm longi. Spica masc. subflorens 4 cm longa et fere 3 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro. Spica fern, matura 3 cm longa et fere 10 mm crassa, bracteae pelta fere 1 mm diametro, baccae condensae 2 mm longae. Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Cuming 1343, masc. : Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9332,' fem.
Forma b.
Ramulis magis pilosis, limbis usque 18 cm longis et 9 cm latis.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 574, May.
Forma c.
Ramulis et limbis glabris, petiolis subtus paree pilosis vel glabris, limbis 20 cm longis et 7.5 cm latis; zona cellularum sclerosarum haud continua.
Mindoro, Alag River, For. Bur. 11411 Merritt, fem., April. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, For. Bur. 13679 Curran, fem., September. Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo ), Elmer 11417, August.
Forma d.
Ramulis glabris, limbis supra glabris, subtus ad nervum centralem parcissime pilosis> 9-ninerviis, 17.5 cm longis et usque ad 3 cm latis, zona cellularum sclerosarum continua.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Copeland lllfi, masc., April, epiphytic in the mossy forest, altitude about 2,000 m.
24. Piper cristatum C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 766.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 10703, May.
25. Piper longistigmum C. DC. 1. c.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7578, May.
26. Piper albidirameum C. DC. in Perk. Fragm. FI, Philip. (1905) 153, emend,
Omnino glabrum, foliis modice petiolatis, magnis, ample subobovato- ellipticis, basi ima leviter inaequilatera leviter cordulatis, apice breviter et obtusiuscule acuminatis, a nervo centrali inaequilatis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes utrinque mittente, quorum supremus a 5-6 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus 3 vel 4 utrinque a basi solutis ; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fem. pedunculo quam petiolus paullo breviore; spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice rotunda, bracteae pelta rotunda centro breviter pedicel- lata, ovario libero, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 rotundato-ovatis carnosis, bacca globosa.
Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli in sicco albidi vel lutescentes, spiciferi fere 3 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispo-
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
429
situm, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes peripherici null! Limbi in sicco rigidi, pallidi et minute pellueido-punctulati, usque ad 25 cm longi et 13 cm lati. Petioli 15-20 mm longi. Spica matura circiter 6 cm longa et 6 mm crassa. Braeteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia. Bacca 2 mm diametro, in sicco lutescens.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Taumo, Warburg 11/751. Luzon, Province of Cavite, Mendez 'Nunez, Bur. Sci. 1316 Mangubat, August: Province of Rizal, Boso- boso. Bur. Sci. 1118 Ramos, July: Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 6430, June: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 8117.
Forma b.
Limbis superis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice acute aeuminatis, ramulis flavescentibus.
Masbate, Merrill 3050, August.
Forma c.
Limbis superis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice acute aeuminatis, ramulis in sicco subfuscis.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Adiagnao, Bur. Sci. 6371/. Robinson, August.
27. Piper maagnasanum C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabrum, foliis sat longe petiolatis, rotundato-ellipticis basi ima aequilatera levissime cordulatis, apice modice et acute aeuminatis, 11- plinerviis ; nervo central! neryos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus a 4 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 3 utrinque a basi solutis quorum 2 adscendentes et externi subadscendentes et tenuissimi, petiolo basi vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo quam petiolus pluries breviore; spica submatura quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice rotundata, braeteae pelta' rotunda centro brevissime pedicellata, baccis inf erne in rhachi immersis superne globosis et glabris, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acutis.
Dioicum. Bamuli in sicco fuscescentes, spiciferi 4 mm crassi, col- lenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis canalesque periplierici plures. Limbi in sicco rigidi pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 21 cm longi et 15 cm lati, nervi subtus prominentes. Petioli 4 cm longi et 4 mm crassi. Pedunculi 12 mm longi et 3 mm crassi. Spicae submaturae 3 cm longae et 6 mm crassae. Braeteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6355 Robinson, August.
28. Piper pendulifol ium C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 768.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 1091/2.
29. Piper puberulinodum C. DC. 1. c. 769.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo) Elmer 11972.
430
DE CANDOLLE.
30. Piper oophyllum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis basi subaequilatera rotundatis obtusisve apice breviter acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 9-ninerviis, nervo central! nervos 2 adscendentes 2 alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 1-2 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 3 adscendentibus utrinque a basi solutis quorum externi aliis multo tenuiores; petiolo tenuissime puberulo basi ima yaginante ; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore ; spica florente quam folii limbus paullo breviore, rhachi pilosula, bracteae glabrae pelta obovato-rotunda centro pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris parvis rotundatis . bivalvatis ; stirpis fern, pedunculo ut in mare, rhachi glabra, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, ovario in rhachi semi- immerso, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 linearibus, baccis infeme cum rhachi con- cretis, superne rotundatis et glabris.
Dioicum, frutex 3— 7-pedalis. Eamuli minutissime puberuli, tenuissime striati, spiciferi in mare 1 mm in femina 2 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum, in mare haud libriforme, in femina libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seri.ati, canales lysigenes peripherici nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute et haud crebre pellucido- punctulati, in mare 9.5-10 cm longi, 4. 5-7. 5 cm lati, in femina usque ad 13 cm longi et 9.5 cm lati. Petiolo 1.5-2 cm, pedunculi 5-7 mm longi. Spica masc. florens 6 cm longa, usque ad 2 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 1 mm longa. Spica fern, matura 14 mm longa, 5 mm crassa, in sicco fusceseens, bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Mindanao, District of Davao, at sea level in coconut groves, Copeland 333, masc., March, 320, fem., March; Santa Cruz, DeVore & Hoover 233, masc., April.
31. Piper petraeum C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis breviter petiolatis, oblique ovatis, basi leviter inaequilatera cor- dulatis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 9-nerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternatim mittente, quorum supremus ex 1-0.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 a basi solutis quorum externi aliis multo tenuiores et minus adscendentes ; petiolo glabro usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fem. pedunculo glabro petiolum subae- quante ; spica florente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa, rhachi parce pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotundato-obovata fere centro subsessili; ovario inferne in rhachi immerso et cum ea con- crete, glabro, stigmatibus 3 vel 4, rotundatis carnosis.
Frutex in rupibus crescens. Eamuli glabri, in sicco flavicantes, spiciferi fere 2 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares T-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei, pellucido-punctulati, circiter 14.5
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
431
cm longi et 9 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 6 mm, inter limbi latera 1 mm longi. Spica florens 17 mm longa et 6 mm crassa.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, on rocks in shady places, Elmer 6430, May.
32. Piper Betle L. Sp. PI. (1753) 28, ?d. 2 (1762) 40.
Foliis modice vel longe petiolatis, superis ovatis basi leviter inaequila- tera rotundatis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, plerumque 7- plinervis, nervo centrali fere e quinta parte longitudinis suae nervos ad- scendentes 1 vel 2 mittente, nervis lateralibus 2 a basi solutis; petiolo glabra usque ad tertiam ad quartam partem longitudinis vaginante; pedunculo glabro in mare petiolum aequante in femina eum superante; stirpis masc. spica adulta folii limbum eaquante, rhachi hirsuta, bractea glabra rotundata vel obovata centro sessili, staminibus 2 antheris ellipticis cum filamentis brevibus aequilatis; stirpis fern, spica quam folii limbus plus minusve breviore, bractea ut in mare, ovario inf erne in rhachi immerso superne umbonato et ut rhachis dense tomentoso, stigmatibus 4 vel 5 lanceolatis.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 2.5 mm crassi, eollen- chyma continuum vel subcontinuum sparsim libriforme, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis, alii peripherici plures, eellulae fuscescentes in cortice et in medulla creber- rimae. Limbi in sicco firmo-membranaeei quam minutissime pellucido- punctulati, superi usque ad 10—13 cm longi et 6. 5-7.5 cm lati. Petioli 1.5-2. 5 cm longi. Stirpis masculae spicae 2 mm, femineae maturae 1 cm et plus crassae.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, in forests, altitude about 100 m, Merrill 3781, masc., January, Whitford 188, May; Dinalupijan, Merrill 1561, December: Province of Laguna, Elmer 9276, fern., April. Negbos, Dumaguete, Elmer 9573, fern.
Cultivated in all tropical countries.
Forma b.
Piper canaliculatum Opiz in Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 ( 1828 ) 156.
Piper Betle Linn. y. densum C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 360.
Limbis magis ovatis et basi magis inaequalibus usque ad 14 cm longis et 9 cm latis.
Luzon, Haenlce 69: Province of Rizal, San Francisco del Monte, Loher 4665.
Forma c.
Piper philippinense C. DC. 1. c. 353.
Limbis superis minoribus usque ad 10 cm longis et ad 5 cm latis, canales lysigenes peripherici in ramulo nulli.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Merrill 2526, fen}., June, Williams 511, masc.: Province of Cavite, Mendez Nunez, Bur. Sci. 1314 Mangubat, August.
432
DE CANDOLLE.
33. Piper carnistilum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 770.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9333.
34. Piper chaba Bl. Verb. Bat. Genoots. 11 (1826) 168, fig. 7, emend, (non Hunter quoad— Piper retrofractum Vabl).
Piper abbreviatum Opiz in Presl Bel. Haenk. 1 (1828) 157.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis inferne fere ad tertiam partem longitudinis attenuatis et baSi ima aequilatera acutis, apice obtusiuscule acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 ads'cendentes mittente, quorum supremus a 8-15 mm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo basi ima vaginante, pedunculo petiolum paullo superante ; stirpis masc. spica florente quam folii limbus multo breviore, bracteae pelta transverse subelliptiea centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, filamentis quam antherae reniformes 4-valvatae brevioribus et angustioribus ; stirpis fern, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore subobovato-oblonga bracteae pelta ut in mare, bacca. inf erne in rhachi immersa, superne in stilum umbonatum producta, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acutis.
Dioieum, scandens. Ramuli teretes, spiciferi 1-2 mm crassi, collen- chyxna in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sieco membranaeei minute pellucido-punctulati, 8-11 cm longi, 3-4 cm lati. Petioli fere 8 mm, pedunculi usque ad 15 mm longi. Spica masc. 4 cm longa, 3 mm crassa, bractea pelta 0.75 mm longa et paullo latior, in sicco rubescens et margine pallida. Spica fern, submatura 15 mm longa, 8 mm crassa.
Luzon, without definite locality, Haenke in herb. Berol., Warburg 12127, in herb. Berol., masc. : Province of Bizal, Montalban, Macap River, Loher 4564, fem. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 9128 Robinson, fem., in light woods east of the town of Polillo, altitude about 5 m, fruit green. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., fem., September : District- of Davao, Todaya, in open forests, fertile damp soil, erect, stem 1 cm thick, Elmer 11049 fem., 11077, masc.: Province^ of Surigao, Bolster 351.
Forma b.
Limbis superis elliptico-lanceolatis, circiter 11 cm longis et 5 cm latis, nervo laterali supremo a 30 mm supra basin soluto.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2130, fem., February.
Forma c.
. Limbis circiter 7 cm longis et 2 cm latis, nervo laterali supremo a 7 mm supra basin soluto.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Batan Island, Bur. Sci: 6231 Robinson, fem., August.
Forma d.
Piper rubripunctulatum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 158.
Limbis inferne minus attenuatis, usque ad 11 cm longis et 5.5 cm latis, 5-plinerviis in mare, 7-plinerviis in femina, nervo laterali supremo
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
433
a 10 mm in mare, a 30 mm in-femina supra basin soluto; ramuli in sicco pnnctulis rubris conspersi. Stirpis fern, spica cjlindrica 18 mm longa et immatura 4 mm crassa, bracteae pelta ut in specie.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Warburg 14746; Santa Cruz, Copeland 1315, mase., April.
Forma e.
Piper parvispicum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 158.
Limbis quoad formam nt in praecedente sed paullo minoribus; stirpis fern, spica obovato-cylindrica vel cylindrical submatura nsqne ad 15 mm longa et 9 mm crassa, bracteae pelta rotunda. .
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Dagatpan, Warburg 14750 ; Taumo, War- burg 14747.
35. Piper rhombophyllum C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 352, emend.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis, rhoinbeo-lanceolatis, basi
aequilatera cuneatis apice longe acnminatis acumine. obtusiusculo, 5- plinerviis nervo centrali a 15 mm supra basin trifido aliis nervis a basi solntis adscendentibus ; petiolo basi ima vaginante, stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum mnlto superante, spica submatura quam folii limbus pluries breviore cylindrica apice rotund ata, bracteae pelta lunulata centro pedieel- lata, ovario immerso superne in stilum oblongum producto, stigmatibus 3 oblongis apice acutis.
Dioicum. Ramuli teretes laeves, spiciferi 1.5 mm erassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intrame- dullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis peripherici nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punctulati 10 cm longi 32 mm lati, petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 10-12 mm longi. Spica submatura 15 mm longa 7 mm crassa stilis ecbinata. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm lata in sicco rubropunctulata.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Cuming 834, herb. Boiss., Berol., Manila: Province of Laguna, Elmer 9279.
36. Piper Langlassei C. DC. in Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genbve 2 (1898) 273, ■ emend.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, elliptico-laneeolatis, basi inaequilatera acutis apice sat longe acuminatis acumine obtusiusculo, utrinque glabris, 7- plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternating mittente quorum supremus circiter a 7 mm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis; petiolo glabro basi ima vagi- nante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabrb petiolum superante, spica matura folii dimidium aequante vel paullo superante, cylindrica, rhaclri parce pilosa, bracteae glabra pelta rotunda centro sat longe pedicellate, ovario glabro basi in rhachi leviter immerso, stigmatibus 3-5 minutissimis ovato- acutis, eorum apicibus cito deciduis, baecis maturis alte connatis.
Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli graciles, laeves, glabri, spiciferi circiter
97605 — —5
434
DE CANDOLLE.
1 mm crassi, collenchyma subepidermidale fere continuum, interrupte et fere omnino libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 2-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis et canales peripherici multi. Limbi in sicco rigidi, pallidi, pellucido-punctulati, 6-7 cm longi, 2.5-4 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 3 mm, inter limbi latera fere 5 mm longi. Pedun- culi adulti 1.5-2 cm longi. Spica matura 3.5 cm longa, 7 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diametro. Stigmata apicibus delapsis stigma simplex simulantibus.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, base of Mount Banajao, in calcareous soil, Langlasse 297, October.
37. Piper breviamentum C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis basi aequilatera aeutis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 9-ninerviis nervo centrali nervos
2 adscendentes utrinque mittente quorum supremus a 2 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis ; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica subflorente subglobosa quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhacbi liirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta lunulata pedicello lato, ovario inferne in rhachi immerso superne in stilum conicum carnosum glabrum producto, stigmatibus 3 parvis ovato-rotundis hirtellis.
Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Eamuli glabri in sicco cinerescentes, spicif eri fere 2 mm crassi, in 5 mm crassis collenchyma sparsim libri- forme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1- seriati. Limbi in sicco cinerescentes membranacei pellucido-punctulati, 12 cm longi 6 cm lati. Petioli pedunculique usque ad 2 cm longi. Spica subflorens 1 cm longa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm lata, sicca triangularis, madefecta lunulata.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax Biver, Williams 210 4, altitude about 150 m, February.
38. Piper baguionum C. DC. Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 771.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 5874, 8784-
39. Piper bathycarpum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 153, emend.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis basi leviter inaequilatera
.aeutis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 1.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali aliis tenuiore utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo glabro paullo ultra basin vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro quam petiolus duplo et plus longiore ; spica submatura quam folii limbus dimidio. breviore, rhachi dense fulvescenti-hirsuta, bractea glabra semi- lunari centro sessili, ovario inferne in rhachi profunde immerso superne paullo emerso et ut rhachis hirsuto, stigmatibus 4 vel 5, bre viter oblongis et apice aeutis.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
435
Dioicum. Ramuli glabri, tenues, spiciferi fere 1 mm crassi, collen- chyma continuum sparsim et parce libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares
1- seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripheries cellulae fuscae in cortice et in medulla creberrimae. Limbi in siceo rigido- membranacei inconspicue pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 11 cm longi et 5.5 cm lati. Petioli fere 10 mm, pedunculi usque ad 30 mm longi. Spica submatura fere 5 mm crassa. Bractea 1 mm lata. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia. Species P. Betlei proxima, fere hujus forma.
Jolo, Warburg 14844-
40. Piper cagayanense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis, utrinque glabris, 7- plinerviis, nervo centrali a 12-15 mm supra basin trifido, aliis nervis a basi solutis et adscendentibus ; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum subaequante, spica subflorente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirtella, bracteae glabra pelta rotunda centro breviter pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris rotundatis.
Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, costulati, collenchyma subcontinuum in costis valde incrassatum, haud libriforme. Limbi in sicco membranacei minutissime pellucido-punc- tulati, usque ad 8.5 cm longi et 3.5 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm longi. Spicae subflorentes circiter 2 cm longae, 1.75 mm crassae.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Pamplona, Bur. Sci. 7484 Ramos, March.
41. Piper firmolimbum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis utrinque glabris, superis basi ima fere aequilatera acutis apice breviter acuminatis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternatim mittente, quorum supremus a
2- 3 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 2 utrinque a basi solutis, quorum externi patulo-subadscendentes ; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante, stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante, spica florente limbi dimidium superante, rhachi hirsuta; bracteae pelta rotunda glabra, pedicello hirsuto, staminibus 2, antheris reniformibus filamenta fere aequantibus.
Dioicum. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, fuscescentes, postea albicantes, collenchyma continuum zona interna partim libriforme, fas- ciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes numerosi quorum unus centralis, alii peripherici, cellulae fuscae in cortice et in medulla erebrae. Limbi in sicco firmi, minute et inconspicue pellucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 11 cm longi et 5.5 cm lati. Petioli 18 mm, pedunculi 25 mm longi. Limbi inferiores majores basi aequilatera rotundati, usque ad 16 cm longi et 10 cm lati cum nervis lateralibus oppositis. Spicae florentes 10.5 cm longae, 2 mm crassae. Bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., April.
436
DE CANDOLLE.
42. Piper malindangense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-elliptico-lanceolatis, inferne attenuatis et basi aequilatera acutis, apice acute et sat longe aeuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali nervos adscendeutes 2 mittente quorum supremus ex 3.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore, spica florente limbi dimidium fere aequante, rhaehi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris ellipticis parvis. '
Dioicum. Eamuli glabri in sicco fusci, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collen- chyma partim libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes peripherici nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei opaci indistincte pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 12.5 cm longi et 4.5 cm lati. Petioli 10 mm, pedunculi 3 mm longi. Spica florens circiter 5.5 cm longa et in sicco 1.75 mm crassa. Antherae juveniles 4-loculares, filamenta lata.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. J/758 M earns & Hutchinson, May.
43. Piper podandrum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, anguste subovato-lanceolatis basi aequilatera subrotundatis apice longe attenuato-acuminatis et summo' apice acutis, utrinque glabris, 5-plinerviis nervo centrali fere ex 1 cm supra basin nervum adseendentem utrinque mittente nervoque laterali adscendente brevi et tenui utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo1 glabro basi ima vaginante ; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore cylindrica, rliachi dense liirtella, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda, pedicello brevi, staminibus 2 filamentis post anthesin rhaehi proeessu brevi stipitatis, antheris reniformibus parvis.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, juniores costulati dein fere teretes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos in costulis dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes nulli. Limbi in sicco* membranacei minute pellucido-punc- tulati, usque ad 9 cm longi et ad 10 mm lati. Petioli 5 mm longi. Spica florens usque ad 35 mm longa et 1.5 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 81Jfl Curran & Merritt, December, Bur. Sci. 5053 Ramos, December.
44. Piper viminale Opiz in Eeliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 150, tal. 26; Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 336; C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 377.
Piper radicans Opiz 1. c. 159 (non Vahl).
Foliis breviter petiolatis, anguste ovato-lanceolatis basi aequilatera acutis apice longe attenuatis et summo apice obtusiusculis, junioribus subtus basi in nervo centrali puberulis, cito utrinque glabris, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendeutes alternatim mittente quorum
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
437
supremus fere a 5 mm supra basin solutus sursumque nervulos numerosos patulos et sat yalidos mittente, nervo adscendente brevi et tenui utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo ciliato basi ima vaginante; stirpis mase. pedunculo puberulO' petiolum paullo superante, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda margine ciliata centro pedieellata, pedicello hirsuto ; staminibus 2 antheris ovatis exsertis quam filamenta brevioribus.
Dioieum. Eamuli vetustiores subverruculosi et glabri, juniores leviter striolati, praesertim altero latere pilosuli, spiciferi in sicco 0.5 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos tenues dispositum, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei, minute pel- lucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 10 cm longi et 1.5 cm lati. Petioli 4 mm, pedunculi 7 mm longi. Spica florens 1 cm longa.
Luzon, without definite locality, Haenke 78 in herb. Vindob. ■. Province of Ba- taan, Lamao River, Williams 227, November.
45. Piper philippinum Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 322, p. p.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis basi ima aequilatera obtusis vel acutis apice breviter et acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes mittente quorum supremus a 2. 5-3. 5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus paullo longiore, spica llorente quam folii limbus breviore, rhachi pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro^ pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris rotundatis .quam filamenta multo brevioribus.
Dioieum. Eamuli glabri, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dis- positum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes pauci quorum unus centralis et 1 vel 2 peripherici. Limbi in sicco firmi, fuscescentes, usque ad 14 cm longi et 67 mm lati. Petioli usque ad 10 mm, pedunculi usque ad 12 mm longi. Spica florens 8 cm longa, 2 mm crassa. Ehachis canali lysigeni centrali ac peripherieis pluribus percursa. Bracteae pelta fere 1.25 mm diametro, rigida.
Luzon, Province of Albay, Cuming 912.
46. Piper Jagori 0. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 358 (P. Jayeri, sphalm.), emend.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, elliptieo-oblongis, basi ima aequilatera cordu-
latis apice acute attenuatis, 7-plinerviis, nervis subtus prominulis, centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 alternatim vel subalternatim mittente, quorum supremus a 3.5 cm, inferi paullo supra basin soluti, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante1; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo superante, spica florente quam folium fere triplo breviore, rhachi pubescente, bracteae pelta glabra rotundata centro subsessili, staminibus 2, filamentis brevissimis.
Dioieum. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma sub- continuum, haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco rigidi, nitiduli, opaci, fere 15
438
DE CANDOLLE.
cm longi et 5 cm lati. Petioli 7-10 mm, pedunculi 12 mm longi. Spica florens 5 cm longa et fere 3 mm crassa.
Luzon, Jagor 162, herb. Berol.
47. Piper polycladum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis sat longe petiolatis, ovatis infeme subattenuatis et basi ima leviter inaequilatera aeutis apice acute acuminatis utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes mittente quorum supremus a 5 mm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus subadscenden- tibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis ; petiole glabro basi ima vaginante ; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo superante, spica quam folii limbus paullo breviore apice subacuta, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda, glabra et margine laeinulata, pedicello hirsuto; staminibus 2, antheris rotundis quam filamenta brevioribus.
Dioicum, caulis eirciter 2.5 m longus, ramuli numerosi in sicco nigri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos a latere valde elongates dispositum et haud librif orme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco nigrescentes firmi pellucido- punctulati, usque ad 63 mm longi et 32 mm lati. Petioli superi usque ad limbi latus longius 10 mm inter limbi latera 1 mm longi. Pedunculi 15 mm longi. Spica florens 45 mm longa, 3 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta fere 1 mm diametro. Anther ae 0.25 mm longae, 4-valvatae.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Williams 113 Jf, June.
48. Piper corylistachyon C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 346, emend.
Omnino glabrum, foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis basi ima inaequilatera utrinque obtusis vel rotundatis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, penninerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes plerumque alternos utrinque 4 mittente, quorum supremus fere a 5 cm supra basin solutus; petiolo basi ima vaginante; pedunculo quam petiolus fere duplo breviore; stirpis masc. spica quam folii limbus triplo-quadruplo breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa rhachi villosa, bracteae pelta glabra obovata inferne subattenuata, centro pedicellata, pedicello villoso, staminibus 3 antheris oblongis, connectivo ultra thecas distincte producto carnoso apice obtuso; stirpis fern, spica cylindrica camosa apice obtusa, quam folii limbus pluries breviore, bractea ut in mare, baccis liberis dense confertis, parvis, ovatis et summo apice mucronulatis, stigmatibus 4 linearibus aeutis.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli cinerescentes vel subfuscescentes, spiciferi eirciter 3 mrn crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos a latere elongates dispositum et haud librif orme, fasciculi intramedullares 2-3-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis, et canales peripherici plures, cellulae fuscae in cortice et medulla crebrae. Limbi in sicco membranacei, creberrime pellucido-punctulati, 15-17 cm longi, 6-7.5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius fere 12 mm, inter limbi latera 5 mm longi. Pedun-
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
439
culi 6 mm longi. Spica masc. usque ad 5 cm longa et 4 mm crassa, fern, usque ad 4 cm longa et 10 mm crassa. Bacca circiter 1.5 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Cuming 1144, masc. : Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford 1280, masc.: Province of Pampanga, Mount Abu, Bur. Sci. 1989 Foxworthy ; Arayat, Merrill 1448, fern.: Province of Laguna, Elmer 8201, masc.; Lilio, Bur. Sci. 6014 Robinson, fern. : Province of Tayabas, Infanta, Whitford 852, masc., Bur. Sci. 6805, masc., 6806, fern., Robinson: Province of Nueva Ecija, San Jose to Carranglang, Merrill 238: Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 6462 Robinson, fern. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6918, 6966 Robinson, fern., Bur. Sci . 10235 McGregor. Mindoko, For. Bur. 5512 Merritt. Cebu, Catmon, For. Bur. 12434 Danao, fem.
Forma b.
Piper Warburgii C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 159, quoad speeimina feminea.
Limbis utrinque magis rotundatis, 15-17 cm longis, 8—11 cm latis.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Sampaloc, Warburg 13115 : Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Bolster 21, masc.: Province of Rizal, Tanay, Merrill 2306, fem.: Province of Albay, Carcraray Island, Coal Harbor, Bur. Sci. 6401 Robinson. Leyte, For. Bur. 11512 Whitford , masc. Marinduque, collector unknown, fem.
Forma c.
Piper corylistachyon /3 magnifolium C. DC. Prodr. 1. c. ?
Piper Warburgii, C. DC. 1. c. quoad speeimina mascula.
Piper Usterii C. DC. in Usteri Beitr. Kenn. Philip. Veg. (1905) 125.
Limbis basi leviter inaequilatera utrinque acutis, usque ad 19 cm longis et 9 cm latis, ramulis in sicco fuscis.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Whitford 133, masc.: Province of Ca- marines, Nueva Caceres, For. Bur. 11332 . Curran. Mindoro, Bongabong River, For. Bur. 4113 Merritt ; Lake Naujan, For. Bur. 6815 Merritt ; Baco River, Mc- Gregor 331, fem. Samar, Lanang, Merrill 5236, fem. Guimaras, TJsteri.
Found also in New Guinea.
Forma d.
Piper luzonense C. DC. Prodr. 1. c. 350.
Limbis basi fere aequilatera cordatis, 12-15 cm longis, 9-10 cm latis.
Luzon, Jagor 122 in herb. Berol.
Forma d, 2.
Spicis maturis brevioribus et crassioribus, 3 cm longis, 5 mm crassis, bracteae pelta subangulosa.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Gregory 110, fem., in thickets.
49. Piper retrofractum Vahl Enum. 1 (1804) 314; C. DC. in Urban Symb. Antil. 3:212.
Chavica officinarum Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 236, Illustr.- (1844) 39, t. 34-
Piper officinarum C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 356.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis, oblongo- vel ovato-ellipticis, basi aequilatera vel leviter inaequilatera acutis vel obtusis vel cordulatis, apice acute acuminatis attenuatisve, penninerviis nervo centrali usque
440
DE CANDOLLE.
ad tertiam partem longitudinis suae vel tantum usque ad 1 cm supra basin nervos adscendentes 3 et usque ad f longitudinis nervulos validos magis patulos utrinque mitente; petiolo basi ima vaginante; pedunculo quam petiolus paullo longiore vel paullo breviore; stirpis mase. spica florente quam folii limbus breviore, bractea rotunda centro sessili, coriacea, staminibus 2 vel 3, plerumque 2, antheris oblongis et sub- tetragonis filamentis brevissimis ; stirpis fern, spica matura quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica, bractea ut in mare, ovario infeme in rhachi immerso superne libero, stigmatibus 3 ovatis brevibus, bacca superne semiglobosa.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli spiciferi in femina usque ad 2 mm crassi, tenuiores in mare, collenchyma haud libriforme in fasciculos sat crassos zona peripherica tenui conjunctos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis, cellulae sclerosae interfas- ciculares cum phloemate fasciculorum periphericorum continuae. Limbi in sicco firmo-membranacei, minute pellucido-punctulati, 8.5-16 cm longi, 3. 5-6. 5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 5-10 mm, inter limbi latera usque ad 5 mm longi. Pedunculi usque ad 15 mm longi. Bractea fere 1.5 mm diametro. Antherae quadrivalvatae rimis lateralibus.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 12 1/8 , masc. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3165, For. Bur. 57 Barnes, Elmer 6862, For. Bur. 1911 Borden, Williams 302: Province of Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5291/ Mc- Gregor : Province of Cagayan, Tabuc, Bolster 157, all fern.: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Dupax, Bur. Sci. 8239 Ramos, masc. : without definite locality, Langlass& 13, fem. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 851 Foxworthy, masc., Bur. Sci. 190 Bermejos, fern. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4092 Fenix, masc. Mindoro, Calapan, collector unknown, masc., For. Bur. 5512 Merritt: Puerto Galera, Merrill 3342; Baco, Merrill 1238, all fem.
This species is cultivated in all the tropical countries of the old world and has even been introduced into the West Indies.
Forma b.
Limbis basi leviter inaequilatera cordatis apice acute acuminatis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes opposite aut subopposite mittente quorum supremus fere a 4 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateral: ibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis, cellulis sclerosis inter- fascicularibus nullis.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Duale, For. Bur. 20039 Topacio, altitude 70 m, berries red, local name subon-manoc (Tagalog).
50. Piper penninerve C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 157.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis, magnis, elliptico-laneeolatis inferne attenuatis et basi aequilatera acutis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, nervo centrali ultra medium suurn nervos adscendentes utrinque 9 vel 10 mittente ; petiolo basi ima vaginante, spicis in specimine viso juvenilibus, bractea orbiculari centro pedicellata.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
441
Eamuli spiciferi fere 3 mm crassi, collenehyma continuum haud libriforme cellulis fuscis intermixtum ; fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripherici. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, fere usque ad 20 cm longi et ad 8.5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 12 mm longi. Pedunculi in specimine juveniles quam petioli paullo breviores, spicae vix 1 cm longae verisimiliter masculae.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Dagatpan, Warburg 14144, in mixed forests.
51. Piper striatum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 772.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 11764, September.
52. Piper oblongibaccum C. DC. 1. c. 773.
Negros, Dumaguete, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 8456, March.
53. Piper Williamsii C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis, rotundato-ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus tantum ad nervos minutis- sime puberulis, 9-ninerviis nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus a 2.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis latera- libus subadscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis quorum externi tenuis- simi ; petiolo minutissime puberulo basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo- glabro quam petiolus multo breviore, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, matura elliptica, rhachi glabra, bractea rotunda sub- sessili glabra, baccis inferne in rhachi immersis superne umhonatis et glabris, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 ovatis et parvis.
Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, in 7 mm crassis collenehyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis nullus. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 13 cm longi et 9 cm lati. Spica matura in sicco 3 cm longa et 12 mm crassa, fuscescens, bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Stigmata in apice baccae sessilia.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2750, April.
54. Piper AlleniiC. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis parvis modice petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis basi ima leviter in- aequilatera acutis apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus velutino- puberulis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis ; stirpis fern, pedunculo velutino- puberulo quam petiolus paullo longiore, spica florente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa, rhachi puberula, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda, ovario glabro liber o, stigmatibus 4 linearibus.
Dioicum. Eamuli juniores velutino-puberuli dein glabri, spiciferi 0.75 mm crassi, collenehyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libri-
442
DE CANDOLLE.
forme^ fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus cen- tralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei, minutissime et inconspicue pellu- cido-punctulati, superi 6 cm longi et 26 mm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 3 mm, inter limbi latera 7 mm longi. Spica florens 6 mm longa, 3 mm crassa. Flores in vivo albi. Bracteae pelta 0.5 mm dia- metro. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia.
Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Allen 152, in deep shade, moist places, July.
55. Piper sibulanum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 158, emend.
Foliis modice petiolatis, suboblique rotundato-ovatis basi ima aequi-
latera acutis apice breviter et obtusiuscule acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos minutissime puberulis, 9-ninerviis nervo eentrali nervos adscendentes 2 alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 22 mm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adseendentibus utrinque 3 a basi solutis ; petiolo minutissime puberulo basi ima vaginante ; stirpis masc. pedunculo minutissime puberulo quam petiolus fere triplo breviore; spica quam limbi dimidium breviore, rhachi glabra, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris minutis ellipticis bivalvatis, filamentis cum antheris aequilatis et eis paullo longioribus.
Dioicum. Eamuli juniores minutissime puberuli, cito glabri, spiciferi 2.5 mm crassi, collenehyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales -lysigenes nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido-punctulati, 10-11 cm longi, 7-8 cm lati. Petioli 2 cm longi. Spica florens 3 cm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro. In specimine viso spica exstat sparsim tumefacta, tumoribus globosis amileum continentibus et baccas mire simulantibus.
Mindanao, District of Davao, in forests on the coast, Warburg 147^2.
56. Piper malarayatense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos hirtellis, 9-ninerviis, nervo eentrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 1.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 3 a basi solutis; petiolo dense hirtello usque ad dimidium longitudinis vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo - superante, spica florente limbi dimidium fere aequante, rhachi pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda, centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris reniform- ibus.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collen- chyma continuum sparsim libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei epunc- tulati, superi 11 cm longi, 5 cm lati, inferi paullo majores, rotundato- ovati basi cordati et subtus ubique sat dense hirtelli. Petioli superi 22
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
443
mm, pedunculi 30 mm longi. Spica florens 6.5 cm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro. An P. Betlei forma ?
Luzon, Province of Batangas, Mount Malarayat, Copeland s. n., February.
57. Piper siassiense C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis superis parvis modice petiolatis, ovatis basi ima aequilatera subacutis apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos minute velutinis, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali a 4 mm supra basin trifidoq petiolo velutino-puberulo basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum superante, spica quam folii limbus multo breviore, rhaehi hirtella., bracteae pelta glabra transverse elliptica centro pedicellata, pedicello hirtello, staminibus 2 antheris ellipticis bivalvatis.
Dioicum, a eaule inferne repente rami circiter 35 cm longi surgentes. Bamuli juniores minutissime puberuli cito glabri, spiciferi 0.5 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum, baud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranaeei tantum minutissime pellucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 72 mm longi et ad 30 mm lati, inferiores conformes usque ad 10 cm longi et 4.5 cm lati, infimi rotundati basi cordati usque ad 8 cm longi. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 7 mm longi. Spica florens 10 mm longa, 2 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta transverse 1 mm lata. An P. Allenii masc. ?
Siassi (Sulu Archipelago), in coconut groves, Merrill 5311, October.
58. Piper laxirameum C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 775.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 10503, May.
59. Piper delicatum C. DC. 1. e. 774.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, anguste ovato-lanceolatis, infeme subat- tenuatis et basi ima aequilatera vel leviter inaequilatera acutis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, supra glabris vel ad nervos parcissime puberulis, 5-plinerviis nervis adscendentibus, centrali a 5 mm supra basin trifido, nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo puberulo basi ima vaginante; pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante; stirpis masc. spica florente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhaehi hirtella; bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda, pedicello brevi et lato; staminibus 2, antheris rotundatis ; stirpis fern, spica matura quam folii limbus pluries breviore cylindrica apice obtusa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro subsessili, rhaehi ut in mare; ovario libero rotundato, glabro, apice brevissime attenuato, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 linearibus, bacca ovata apice subaeuta.
Frutex delicatus, ad arbores parvas scandens. Bamuli juniores hirtelli, in sicco fusci, adulti glabri et pallidi, teretes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales tysigenes nulli, cellulae fuscae magnae in cortice sparsae. Limbi in sicco tenuiter membranaeei, minute et creberrime pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 8 cm longi et 2.5 cm lati.
444
DE CANDOLLE.
Petioli 6 mm longi. Spica fern, baccifera 15 mm longa, 7 mm crassa, in vivo erecta et rubra. Ovarium basi late sessile. Bacca 2 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas) , altitude about 2,000 m, Elmer 8583, masc., 627 J/ fem., For. Bur. 11092 Whitford, masc., For. Bur. 4964 Curran, fem., Merrill 4320, fem.; Baguio, Elmer 8359, fem.: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 4494, fem., Bur. Sci. 5461 Ramos, fem.
/3 glabrum C. DC. var. nov.
Eamulis foliis et spicis glabris, stigmatibus ovato-acutis brevioribusque.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Williams 1216, Bur. Sci. 5403 Ramos, For. Bur. 15604 Curran, masc.; Pauai, altitude about 2,100 m, Bur. Sci. 4454 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8491 McGregor, fem.: District of Lepanto, Mount Data, For. Bur. 15997 Bacani.
60. Piper denudatum Opiz in Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 158, emend.
Rhyncholepsis Haenkeana Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 284.
Foliis brevissime petiolatis, superis elliptico-lanceolatis basi subaequi- latera acutis apice longe et acute acuminatis supra glabris subtus ad nervos pilosis, 8-plinerviis, nervo ceutrali nervos 2 adscendentes alter- nation mittente quorum supremus fere a 2.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus altero latere 3 altero 2 a basi solutis ; petiolo piloso; pedunculo glabro quam petiolus longiore; stirpis fem. spica quam folium fere triplo breviore, baccis liberis globosis.
Dioicum. Eamuli villosi. Limbi juniores utrinque pilosi, adulti supra glaberrimi, superi usque ad 18 cm longi et 7 cm lati ; inferi oblongo-ovati basi aequilatera subrotundati apice longe et acute acu- minati, usque ad 8.5 cm lati (ex Opiz 1. c. et quoad folia ex Opiz herb.)
Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Haenke, fide Opiz 1. c.
61. Piper longivag inans C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis, basi ima levissime in- aequilatera acutis, apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervos nervulosque minute puberulis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscen- dentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus a 2.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo minutissime puberulo usque ad limbi latus brevius vaginante; stirpis fem. pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica matura quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda, baccis inferne in rhachi immersis superne liberis et ovato-acutis.
Dioicum. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fas- ciculos diseretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei, creberrime et minute pellueido-punctulati, usque ad 14 cm longi et 6 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 9 mm, inter limbi latera 1 mm longi. Pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spica in sicco fuscescens, 20 mm longa, 6 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta fere 0.75 mm diametro.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6069 RoMnson, Marcli.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
445
62. Piper parcirameum C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 777.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Calelan), Elmer 112 V/.
63. Piper crassinodum C. DC. 1. c. 776.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7 626, 801/2.
64. Piper parcipilum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-oblongis basi fere aequilatera obtusis, apice sat longe acuminatis acumine obtuso, utrinque paree hirtellis et adultis fere glabris, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali fere 6 mm silpra basin trifido sursnmque nervnlos validos et patulos mittente, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum multo snperante et tenui; spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore apice acuta, rliachi liirsuta, bractea glabra rotunda centro subsessili, staminibus 2, antlieris ovatis filamenta longitudine aequantibns.
Dioicum. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenclryma sub- continuum partirn libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripherici, cellulae sclerosae interfascicnlares cum pbloemate fasciculorum periplrericorum continuae. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute et inconspieue pellucido-punctulati, usque ad' 11.75 cm longi et ad 34 mm lati. Petioli 6-10 mm, pedunculi 15 mm longi. Spicae circiter 12 mm longae. Bracteae 0.75 mm diametro.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., September, October,
65. Piper Robinsonii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis basi ima aequilatera acutis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, utrinque crispule pubescentibus, 5-plinerviis, nervis adscendentibus, nervo centrali a 4 mm supra basin trifido, nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo pubescente basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum subaequante, supra in margine crispule pubescente, spica adhuc juvenili quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhacbi pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda, ovario libero glabro.
Dioicum. Eamuli juniores crispule pubescentes, postea glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, longi tudinaliter striati, collenchyma in f asciculos discretos disposition et haud libriforme, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei ereberrime et minute pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 5.5 cm longi et 20 mm lati. Petioli 5 mm longi. Spica juvenilis in specimine viso usque ad 6 mm longa et 1.5 mm crassa.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6065 Robinson, March.
66. Piper ovatibaccum C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 778.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato- vel elliptico-lanceolatis, basi leviter
inaequilatera in mare utrinque acutis, in femina utrinque acutis vel altero latere rotundatis, apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, supra
446
DE CANDOLLE.
subtusque' hand ■ dense pilosis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali a 5-10 nrm supra basin trifido, nervis lateralibus adscendehtibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis; petiolo dense piloso paullo ultra basin vaginante ; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus paullo breviore, spica florente limbi dimidium fere aequante, rhachi dense pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda eentro subsessili; staminibus 2 antheris ovato-globosis ; stirpis fern, pedunculo rhachi et bractea ut in mare, ovario libero ovato glabro*, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acutis, bacca ovata apice subacuta.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli primum dense villosi dein glabri et lenticellis concoloribus asperulati, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma haud libriforme, in fasciculos discretos dispositum vel subcontinuum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes peripherici nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime et minute pellucido-punctulati, 9.5-10 cm longi, 3. 5-4.5 cm lati. Petioli 7-8 mm, pedunculi circiter 5 mm longi. Spica masc. fere 4.5 cm longa et 1.5 mm crassa, fern. 1.5-2 cm longa et 6-8 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta fere 0.75 mm diametro. Bacca fere 2 mm longa, in sicco fuscescens.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 8016 Currcm & Merritt, fern., November, Bur. Sci. 2460 Foxworthy, masc., March, Bur. Sci. 6089 Robinson March: Province of Tayabas, Infanta, Bur. Sci. 9355 Robinson, fern., in the mossy forest, fruit red; Lucban, Elmer 7888, masc., 9335 fern., Whitford 1004, October. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., masc. & fern.
Forma b.
Eamulis junioribus parce pilosis, cito glabratis, collenchyma subcon- tinuum haud libriforme.
Mindoko, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5645, November.
67. Piper Toppingii C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 779.
Poliis brevissime petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis basi ima leviter inaequi- latera altero latere attenuatis altero anguste rotundatis vel utrinque rotundatis, apice longe et obtusiuscule acuminatis, junioribus supra praesertim ad nervum centralem hirtellis dein glabris subtus ubique et sat dense hirsutis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes utrinque alter- natim mittente, quorum superus a 2 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralihns altero latere 2 vel 3, altero 3 vel- 4 a basi solutis, quorum superi adscendentes alii magis arcuati et breviores ; petiolo dense hirsuto ; stirpis masc. pedunculo hirsuto petiolum pluries superante, spica florente quam folii limbus fere triplo breviore, rhachi dense hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra glandulis farcta et in sicco supra pulverulenti-albicante, staminibus 2, filamentis latis et brevibus, antheris secundum rhachin oblongo-ellipticis ; stirpis fern, pedunculo et rhachi ut in mare*, bracteae pelta ut in mare pedicello longo et hirsuto, ovario libero rotundato glabro, stigmate minuto 3-lobulato, baccis subtrigono-obovatis condensis.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli in sicco albido- villosi pilis 2 mm longis, spiciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos a latere valde
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
447
elongatos disposition, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis 'unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco rigidi pellucido-pnnctnlati et in femina pnnctis albidis conspersi, nsqne ad 13 cm longi et 4 cm. lati. Petioli 3-5 mm longi, pedunCuli in mare 25 mm in femina 40 mm longi. Spica in mare 4.5 cm longa, 2.5 mm crassa, in femina 7 cm longa, 5 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro. Ovarium pellucido-glandulosum. Bacca 1.5 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Topping Ilf, January, For. Bur. 5081 Curran, August, Williams 1091, June; Trinidad River, Bur. Sci. 5555 Ramos, December, Elmer 8375, 5850, fern.; Mount Pulog, Merrill 6530, masc., May.
68. Piper obovatibracteum C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 780.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7927, May.
69. Piper Mearnsii C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis, ovatis basi ima aequilatera acutis, apice subacute et sat longe acuminatis, 5-plinerviis nervo centrali fere a 7 mm supra basin nervum adscendentem opposite aut subopposite mittente, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo basi ima vaginant.e pedunculo eum aequante, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica, bracteae pelta elliptica centro brevissime pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris globosis quam lilamenta multo brevioribus, ovario libero ovato, stigmatibus 4 linearibus.
Prutex scandens. Bamuli spiciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma in f asciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedul- lares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco mem- branacei crebre pellueido-punctulati, 8.5 cm longi, 47 mm lati. Bracteae pelta 1 mm lata.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Casiguran, Bur. 8ci. 2987 Mearns, June.
70. Piper Copelandii C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis basi aequilatera acutis, apice longe et acute acuminatis, supra subtusque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 opposite mittente, quorum supremi fere a 3 cm inferi paullo supra basin soluti, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante ; pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo superante, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice obtusa, rhacbi hirsuta, bracteae pelta orbiculari glabra centro pedicellata pedicello hirsuto, flore liermaphrodito, staminibus 2?, antheris ellipticis lilamenta fere aequantibus, connectivo producto apiculatis, ovario inferne in rhachi immerso et cum ea concreto supeme libero conico glabro-, stigmatibus 2 lateralibus lunulatis carnosis.
Frutex in arboribus scandens. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1.75 mm crassi, collenchyma in f asciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis, alii peripherici. Limbi in sicco membranacei crebre pellucido-
448
DE CANDOLLE.
punctulati, usque ad 12 cm longi et 5.5 cm lati. Petioli 7 mm, pedunculi 12 mm longi. Spica florens 1 cm tonga et 5 mm crassa..
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya, Copeland 1298, altitude about 1,200 m, April.
71. Piper interruptum Opiz in Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 157.
P. Cumingianum Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 329; C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 366, emend.
Foliis modice petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis basi leviter inaequilatera acutis, apice acute acumiiiatis, utrinque glabris, 5-nerviis; petiolo glabro basi vaginante; stirpis n13.sc. pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante, spica adulta quam f olii limbus longiore, rhaclii • parce pilosa, bractea longe adnata glabra oblonga utrinque obtusa, staminibus 3, filamento cum anthera aequilato et ea paullo longiore; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro adulto petiolum fere triplo superante, spica folii limbum super- ante, rhachi et bractea ut in mare, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 3, obtusis, bacca libera ovata, glabra!
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri laeves, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos a latere productos dispositum et zona interna libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco- firmuto-membranacei opaci, 7-9.5 cm longi, 4-6 cm lati. Petioli 1-1.5 cm longi. Spicae masc. 14 cm longae, 1 mm crassae, fern, paullo brevior.
Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Sorsogon, Haenke: Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1190, masc.: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Williams 16, October. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Cuming 1624, fem.: District of Davao, Malita, Copeland 676, March.
Forma b.
Alte scandens, limbis usque ad 12 cm longis et 5.5 cm latis, pedunculis 35 mm longis.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford 1040, fem., altitude about 100 m, June.
p. herbaceum C. DC. var. nov.
Herba 50 cm alta, limbis usque ad 10.5 cm longis et 5 cm latis, baccis ellipticis, 4 mm longis, inferis in specimine viso brevissime stipitatis, .stigmatibus 3 oblongis apice acutis.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3182, fem., rare, on exposed ridges at an altitude of about 1,150 m, October.
7. multiplinerve C. DC. var. nov.
Scandens, limbis 10.5 cm longis, 4.5 cm latis, in sicco pellucido-punc- tulatis, 5-plinerviis nervo centrali a 4 mm supra basin trifido, 10-11 cm longis, 4-6 cm latis, pedunculo petiolum duplo superante, 7 mm longo,
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE. 449
rhachi in mare glabra in f emina parce pilosa, staminibns 3 antheris reniformibus; stigmatibns 4, ovato-acutis, bacca globosa.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7691, May, low, scandent, in light woods, altitude 750 m, the brown bark roughened with darker brown lenticels: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1019 Ramos, June; Montalban, Loher 4570, 4578: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Elmer 6855, November: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 15865 Bacani, December.
5. subarborescens C. DC. var. nov.
Arbuscula, limbis 17 cm longis, 7.5 cm latis, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali paullulo supra basin trifido; pedunculo petiolum fere duplo superante; spica fern, folii dimidium fere aequante, rhachi pilosa, stigmatibus 3, ovato-oblongis, apice acutis, bacca globosa.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Bci. 4585 Ramos, a small shrub in forests, August.
72. Piper ellipticibacoum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, inferis ? angiiste ovato-lanceolatis basi ima aequilatera acutis superne longe attenuatis et apice acutis, utrinque glabris, 5-nerviis ; petiolo glabro ultra basin vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante, spica quam folii limbus breviore, rhachi hirtella, bractea longe adnata, glabra obovato-oblonga, ovario libero, glabro, stigmatibus 3 vel 4, linearibus acutis, bacca elliptica.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri 2 mm crassi, in sicco flavicantes, teretes, collenchyma subeontinuum fere o-mnino li-briforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco subrigidi, minute et haud crebre pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 11.5 cm longi et ad 2.5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 10 mm longi. Folia speciminis visi verisimiliter tantum plantae folia inf era. Spica baccifera in specimine unica et segregata, 6.5 cm longa. Bractea 2.5 mm longa et apice fere 1.5 mm lata. Bacca 4 mm longa et fere 2.5 mm crassa, in sicco atrorubescens.
Luzon, Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6344 Robinson, August.
73. Piper Clemensiae C. DC. sp. nov.
Omnino glabrum, foliis modice petiolatis, subrotundato-ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis, apice acute acuminatis, 7-nerviis; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum superante, spica matura. folii limbum duplo et plus superante, bractea longe adnata oblonga utrinque obtusa, ovario libero ovato, stigmatibus 3 ovatis carnosis, bacca ovata apice mucronulata.
Dioicum. Eamuli spiciferi usque ad 3 mm crassi, collenchyma in fas- cicules discrete dispositum, zona interna librif orme vel haud librif orme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis, epidennidis parietes externae crassae. Limbi in sicco firmi, virescentes,'
97605 -6
450
DE CANDOLLE.
pellucido-punctulati, superi 11 cm longi et 6.5 cm lati, inferiores magis rotundati et basi cordati. Petioli 1.5 cm pedunculi usque ad 3 cm longi. Spicae bacciferae 22 cm loiigae. Bractea 5 mm longa. Bacca 6 mm longa, 3 mm crassa, in sicco fuscescens.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1200, January.
74. Piper Loheri C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis basi levissime inaequilatera acutis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-nerviis nervis adscen- dentibus; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus paullo breviore, spica subflorente folii limbum aequante, filiformi, rhachi parce pilosa, bractea longe adnata oblongo- elliptica, staminibus 2 filamentis brevissimis antberas latitudine aequan- tibus ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica matura limbum subaequante, rhachi et bractea ut in mare, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 4 ovato-acutis, bacca ovata vel oblonga-ovata.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm. crassi, collenchyma partim libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime et minute pellucido-punctulati, 9-10 cm longi, 4.5-6 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 2 cm longi. Bractea 2.5 mm longa, 1 mm lata. Bacca in sicco 4 mm longa et fuscescens.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Mountains of San Mateo, Loher J/553, masc.; San Francisco, Loher 4578, 4579, 4581; Montalban, Merrill 5039, March: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto 40- Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8495 Curran, January: Province of Laguna, Hallier, December: Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 5738, February.
Forma b.
Scandens, limbis superis usque ad 12 cm longis et 6.5 cm latis.
Luzon, Province of Batangas, Santo Tomas, Milaor 278, January; a vine in dry places.
/3 multip! inerve C. DC. var. nov.
Scandens, limbis usque ad 11 cm longis et 5 cm latis; 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 'utrinque 2 mittente, quorum supremus fere a 1 cm supra basin solutus, stirpis fern, spica usque ad 13 cm longa, bacca globosa in sicco 3 mm crassa et fuscescens.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao, Bur. Sci. 1870 Foxworthy, December : Prov- ince of Laguna, Lilio, Bur. Sci. 6015 Robinson, March.
75. Piper laevirameum C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis ima basi leviter inaequilatera subacutis vel brevissime subpeltatis apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-nerviis, nervis adscendentibus ; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro tenui petiolum superante ; spica submatura folii limbum superante, rhachi pilosa; bractea glabra longe
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
451
adnata, oblonga interne attennato-acuta apice truncata, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibns 3 ovato-acntis, bacca snbmatura ovata.
Dioicnm. Eamuli glabi, laeves, spieiferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fascieulos a latere productos disposition, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco firmo-membranacei creberrime pellncido-pnnctnlati, 16 cm longi, 8.5 cm lati. Petioli nsqne ad limbi latus longius 2 cm inter limbi latera
1 mm longi, Pedunculi 32 mm longi, 1 mm crassi. Spica snbmatnra 19 cm longa. Bractea 3.5 mm longa 1 mm lata. Bacca 3.5 mm longa, in sicco nigra.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Olemens 1255, September, October.
76. Piper abraense C. DC. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis basi ima aequilatera subacutis, apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-nerviis vel 7- plinerviis et turn nervo centrali paullulo supra basin trifido, nervis lateralibus extremis tenuibus; petiolo glabro basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum adultum fere aequante, spica matura quam'folii limbus breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bractea longe adnata, glabra elliptico-oblonga utrinque rotundata, oyario libero, glabro, stigmatibus 4 ovato-acutis, bacca ovato-globosa.
Arbuscula 1 mm alta, dioica. Eamuli teretes glabri, laeves, in sicco pallide virescentes, spieiferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma partim libriforme in fascieulos a latere valde productos dispositum seu subcontinuum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis, cellulae sclerosae interf asciculares cum phloemate f asciculorum peri- phericorum continuae. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido- punctulati, usque ad 10.5 cm longi et ad 5.5 cm lati; limbi inferi ovato- acuminati, basi aequilatera rotundati. Petioli superi usque ad 10 mm inferi usque ad 16 mm longi. Spica circiter 5.5 cm longa. Bractea 3 mm longa, 1.5 mm lata. Bacca 3 mm longa, fere 2.75 mm crassa, in vivo rubra, in sicco atrorubescens.
Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7 195 Ramos, January.
77. Piper glabrispicum C. DC. in Perkins. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 155, emend.
Omnino glabrum, foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis, basi leviter
inaequilatera acutis, apice breviter et acute acuminatis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 altematim mittente quorum supremus fere a 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque
2 a basi solutis quorum extremi aliis multo tenuiores; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum paullo superante, spica limbum aequante vel eum paullo superante, bractea longe adnata oblonga utrinque obtusa, ovario libero ovato, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acutis.
Dioicum. Eamuli in sicco subcinerescentes, spieiferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati,
452
DE CANDOLLE.
canalis lysigenis centralis canalesque peripherici plures. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido-punctulati, 10-11 cm longi, 4—4.5 cm lati. Petioli fere 11 mm, pedunculi 15 mm longi! Bractea 4 mm longa, 1 mm lata. Species P. nigro ^roxima, an hujus forma spontanea?
Mindanao, District of Davao, Taumo, Warburg lJfUfi.
78. Piper nigrum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 28.
Piper laxum Vahl Enum. 1 (1804) 326.
Philippines, Vahl in herb, et 1. c. ; cultivated in all the tropical countries of the old world, and also in Brazil and in the West Indies.
|6 trioicum C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 363, emend.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ellipticis, basi utrinque aequilonga acntis, a nervo centrali inaequilatis, apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 alternatim mittente quorum supremus fere a 2 cm supra basin solutus, nervo: laterali tenui aliis multo breviore utrinque a basi solute ; petiolo glabro fere usque ad medium vaginante, pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante, spica submatura quam folii limbus fere dimidio breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bractea longe adnata glabra oblongo-obovata basi obtusa apice rotundata. et fiorem semiamplectente, flore bermaphrodito ; staminibus 2, antheris ovatis 4-valvatis vel incompletis, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 4 lanceolatis, bacca submatura globosa.
Trioicum, scandens, Eamuli glabri in sicco nigri, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos tenues a latere productos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripberiei. Limbi in sicco rigido- membranacei, opaci inconspicue et minute pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 11 cm longi et 5 cm lati. Petioli 1 cm longi. Spica 6 cm longa. Bractea fere 3 mm longa et apice 1.5 mm lata. Filamenta oblonga, antherae normales eis aequilatae ovatae et quadrivalvatae. Bacca in sicco nigra.
Luzon, Province of Cavite, Mendez Nunez, Bur. Sci. 1339 Mangubat, August.
79. Piper pilispicum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, basi aequilatera obtusis, apice acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali a 2-3 mm supra basin trifido, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis quorum extremi tenuissimi; petiolo glabro basi vaginante; stirpia fern, pedunculo glabro quam petiolus triplo longiore, spica matura limbo breviore, rhachi dense hirsuta, bractea longe adnata glabra oblonga utrinque rotundata ovario libero glabro stigmatibus 4 ovato-acutis, bacca ovata apice attenuato-subacuta.
Dioicum. Eamuli glabri teretes, in sicco fuscescentes, spiciferi 2 mm crassi; collenchyma libriforme, in fasciculos discretos tenues dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
453
Limbi in sicco rigidi crebre pellucido-punctulati usque ad 12.5 cm longi et ad 47 mm lati. Petioli 6 mm longi. Pedunculi usque ad 20 mm longi et 0.5 mm crassi. Spicae 7.5 cm longae. Bractea 2.5 mm longa et 1.5 mm lata. Bacca 4 mm longa et usque ad 3 mm crassa, in sicco atrorubens.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 5720 Ramos, December.
Forma b.
Limbis in sicco magis membranaceis.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, For. Bur. 12484 Merritt & Barl- ing, November.
80. Piper davaoense C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 154, emend.
Poliis breviter petiolatis, ovatis basi ima leviter inaequilatera acutis
apice acute acuminatis utrinque glabris, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali nervum adscendentem altero latere a 3-4 mm supra basin mittente, aliis nervis a basi solutis quorum ultimi caeteris tenuioribus et brevioribus ; petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum spieaque folium pluries superantibus; rhachi pilosa, bractea longe adnata, glabra, oblonga apice obtusa basi attenuata ; bacca libera submatura ovata, stigmatibus 3 ovatis apice acutis.
Dioicum, scandens. Bamuli glabri in sicco pallide virescentes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos a latere elongatos dispositum, fasciculi intraniedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes peripherici nulli. Limbi in sicco membranacei crebre et conspicue pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 9 cm longi et ad 47 mm lati. Petioli 5 mm longi. Poliorum inferiorum limbi 7-nervii et basi aequilateri. Pedunculi 4.5 cm longi, spicae usque ad 30 cm longae. Bractea 5 mm. longa, apice 1 mm lata.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Dagatpan, in mixed forests, Warburg 14740 ; Taumo, Warburg 14745 ; Barakatan Creek, in dry woods, altitude about 540 m, scandent on small trees and forming loose hanging bunches, the inflorescence hanging in a twining and curving manner, Elmer 11065, locally known as manika- tapoe (Bagobo).
81. Piper pulogense C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis modice petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis, basi ima levissime inaequi- latera subacutis apice acute et sat longe acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 5-nerviis ; petiolo glabro ultra medium vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum fere dupl'o superante, spica folii limbum paullo superante, rhachi glabra, bractea obovato-elliptica lata, rhachi late adnata, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 rotundatis, bacca oblonga basi brevissime stipitata.
Dioicum, scandens. Bamuli glabri in sicco fusco-nigri, spiciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 8.5 longi et ad
454
DE CANDOLLE.
4.5 cm lati. Petioli 1.5 cm, pedunculi 3 cm longi. Bractea membranacea 3 mm longa 2 mm lata. Stigmata in apice ovarii sessilia. Bacca, 4. 5 mm longa, 3 mm crassa, ejus stipes 0.5 mm crassus.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16240 Curran, Merritt, <& ZschoJcJce, January.
82. Piper apoanum C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 781.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 1111 \
83. Piper negrosense C. DC. 1. c. 782.
Poliis breviter petiolatis, anguste ovato-oblongis, basi levissime in- aequilatera obtnsis, superne longe attennatis et snmmo apice obtusius- cnlis, utrinque glabris vel subtus ad nervum centralem parcissime hirtellis, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes opposite vel subopposite mittente quorum supremus a 5-8 mm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo dense hirtello basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo hirtello petiolum fere triplo superante; spica florente quam folii limbus pluries breviore, cylindrica apice attenuata, rhachi . dense hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda carnosa margine ciliolata,- centro pedicellata pedicello hirsuto, staminibus 2 antheris rotundatis quam filamenta multo brevioribus ; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum fere duplo superante, spica matura quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bractea ut in mare sed paullo minore, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 4 ovato-acutis, bacca ovato-globosa stipitem suum superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli teretes laeves, juniores puberuli cito glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos dis- ' cretos tenues dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido- punctulati, usque ad 11 cm longi et ad 18 mm lati, inferi ovato-acuminati basi aequilatera cordati usque ad 7 cm longi et ad 37 mm lati. Petioli superi usque ad limbi latus longius 5 mm, inter limbi latera vix 1 mm longi. Pedunculi in mare 20 mm, in femina 12 mm longi. Spica masc. 20 mm longa, 2 mm crassa, fern, circiter 15 mm longa. Bracteae pelta in mare 1.5 mm, in fern. 1 mm diametro. Bacca 5 mm longa 4 mm crassa.
Negkos, Dumaguete, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 9482, masc., March. Polillo, eastern base of Mount Malulud, altitude about 50 m, fruit dull-red, Bur. Sci. 9213 Robinson, fern., August.
84. Piper densibaccum C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis breviter petiolatis, oblongis, basi aequilatera obtusis aeutisve, apice sat longe acuminatis, acumine obtuso ; petiolo excepto puberulo utrinque glabris, 5-plinerviis nervo centrali ab 1-1.5 cm supra basin trifido, nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto ; petiolo basi vaginante; pedunculo ■ glabro petiolum multo superante; stirpis fem. spica quam
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
455
limbi dimidium paullo breviore dense baccifera, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda glabra pedieello brevi crasso et hirsuto, ovario libero ovato- oblongo, stigmatibns 4 vel 5, ovato-acutis, bacca subglobosa stipitem suum paullo superante.
Dioicum, seandens. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenehyma libriforme continuum zonam tenuissimam f ormans, fasciculi intramedul- lares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis canalesque peripherici. Limbi in sicco firmo-membranacei minute et inconspicue pellucido-punetulati, 10.5 cm longi, 3.5-4 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 7 mm longi. Stigmata sessilia. Bacca 3 mm longa in sicco nigra.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., March.
85. Piper dipterocarpinum C. DC. sp. nov. '
Foliis breviter petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis, infeme attenuatis et basi aequilatera acutis, apice longe et acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali fere* a 8 mm supra basin trifido; nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo basi ima vaginante pedun- culoque eum multo superante tenuibus et glabris; stirpis fern, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi dense hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro subsessili, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 4 vel 5 linearibus acutis, bacca immatura elliptica stipitem suum aequante.
Dioicum, seandens. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1.5 cm crassi, collenehyma libriforme zonam tenuem formans, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis, canales peripherici rari. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punetulati, superi usque ad 12 cm longi et 3.5 cm lati, inferi ovati basi et apice ut superi usque ad 16 cm longi et 7.5 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 12 mm longi. Spicae 3 cm longae. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, near Port Banga, For. Bvr. 91J/6 Whitford, January, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 20 m.
86. Piper dagatpanum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 154, emend.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, basi leviter in-
aequilatera rotundatis vel subrotundatis, apice modice et acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris, 9-ninerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus fere a 2 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus 2 utrinque a basi solutis ; petiolo glabro fere usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum sat superante, spica quam folii limbus dimidio breviore; rhachi hirsuta, bractea glabra rotundato-obovata late sessili, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus -4 line- aribus, bacca subglobosa stipitem suum paullo superante.
Dioicum, seandens. Ramuli inferi sat longe pilosi, superi glabri, laeves, cylindrici, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenehyma continuum, sparsim et parce libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripherici. Limbi in sicco mem-
456
DE CANDOLLE.
branacei treble* pelhicido-punctulati, ovati, usque ad 13 cm longi et ad 7.5 cm lati, vel oblongo-ovati usque ad 11.5 cm longi et 5 cm lati. Petioli 10-15 mm longi. . Pedunculi in sicco tenuissimi, 25 mm longi. Bractea in sicco membranacea 1 mm paullulo longior et superne 1 mm lata. Bacca fere 4 mm longa.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Dagatpan, Warburg lift 39; Sibulan River, Warburg lJf738.
87. Piper paucinerve C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 156, emend.
Foliis modiee petiolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis interne attenuate et basi
aequilatera acutis apice longe et acute acuminates, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali fere a 1 cm supra basin trifido, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo basi ima vaginante pedunculoque eum paullo superante glabris ; stirpis fern, spica quam folii limbus triplo breviore, rhachi dense liirtella, bracteae glabrae pelta transverse elliptica fere centra brevissime pedicellata, ovario elliptico minutissime puberulo stigmatibus 4 ovuto-acutes, bacca glabra globoso-elliptica stipitem suum superante,
Dioicum. Ramuli glabri, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, laeves in sicco fusces- centes, vetustiores albicantes et rugosi, zona peridermatis subepidermidalis sat crassa, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos tenues a latere elongatos disposition, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis, cellulae sclerosae interfascieulares cum phloemate fasciculorum periphericorum continuae. • Limbi in sicco membranacei parce pellucido- punctulati, 9-10.5 cm longi, 3-3.5 cm lati. Petioli circiter 12 mm longi. Bacca fere 4 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Malunu, Warburg 11929.
88. Piper tenuirameum C. DC. in Perkins Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 159, emend.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-oblongis, basi aequilatera cordatis, apice longe et obtusiuscule acuminatis, utrinque nervo centrali excepto supra puberulo glabris, 5-plinerviis nervo centrali a 5 mm supra basin trifido, nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo hirtello fere usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo hirtello petiolum duplo superante, spica matura quam folii limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda margine ciliata pedicello hirsuto clavi- formi, ovario libera ovate glabra, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 ovato-oblongis apice acutis, bacca ovato-globosa stipitem suum paullo superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli juniores puberuli, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, collenchyma subcontinuum zona interna interrupte libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 12 cm longi et ad 4 cm lati. Petioli fere 1 cm longi. Spica baccifera fere
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
457
2 cm longa. Bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Bacca 5 mm longa glabra. Planta in sicco aromatica.
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Binangonan, Warburg 13317.
89. Piper marivelesanum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 155, emend.
Poliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, superis basi subaequilatera
cordnlatis obtusisve, apice sat longe acuminatis, junioribus supra ad nerynm centralem subtus ad nervos omnes vel ubique parce hirtellis, dein glabris, 5-7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes snbopposite mittente quorum supremus a 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 1 vel 2 a basi solutis ; petiolo basi ima vaginante pedunculoque eum multo superante subdense hirtellis, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda Centro pedicellata pedicello rhachique hirsutis ; ovario glabro libero stigmatibus 4 linearibus, bacca matura globosa glabra, stipitem suum glabrum paullo superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli juniores hirtelli, spiciferi vix 2 mm crassi, eollenchyma subcontinuum zona interna libriforme, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei crebre et minute pellucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 11.5 cm longi et 4 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 8 mm, pedunculi usque ad 20 mm longi. Spicae usque ad 4 cm longae. Bracteae pelta circiter 0.75 mm diametro. Bacca usque ad 4 mm longa.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mariveles, Warburg 136^0 ; Lamao River, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3727, 3786,' altitude 600 to 1,000 m, For. Bur. 2507 Meyer, For. Bur. 1756 Borden, Williams 369, 370, Whitford 1060, For, Bur. 165 Barnes: Dinalupijan, Merrill 1579: Province of Benguet, Sablan, Elmer 6161: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1115 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9330: Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6327 Robinson. Mindoko, Bongabong River, For. Bur. 3668 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 501.
90. Piper basi Ian um C. DC. sp. nov.
Poliis breviter petiolatis, ovatis, basi aequilatera rotundatis, apice obtusiuscule et sat longe attenuatis, supra in nervo centrali basi parce hirtellis subtus ubique hirsutis, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali a 5-8 mm supra basin trifido, nervo later'ali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto; petiolo hirtello basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum multo superante, spica quam folii limbus triplo breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda pedicello hirsuto brevi et crasso, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 3 ovatis brevibus, bacca submatura stipitem suum superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli glabri, spiciferi fere 1.5 mm crassi, col- lenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis et canales peripherici. Limbi in sicco mem- branacei sparsim pellucido-punctulati, superi usque ad 10.5 cm longi et
458
DE CANDOLLE.
ad 52 mm lati, inferi basi hand- profunde cordati. Petioli superi fere 5 mm, inferi 15 mm longi. Pednncnli 20 mm longi. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro.
Basilan, Eallier, January.
91. Piper Hallieri C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiblatisl elliptico-lanceolatis, basi aequilatera acntis, apice acute acuminatis, supra praesertim ad nervos et parce subtus ubique et sat dense breviter hirsutis, 7-plinerviis nervo centrali fere a 1 cm supra basin trifido, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis quorum externi aliis tenuiores; petiolo breviter hirsuto fere usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo parce et breviter hirsuto petiolum adultum paullo superante, spica matura limbi dimidium sub- aequante, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda pedicello crasso sat longe et. dense hirsuto, stigmatibus 4 linearibus, bacca libera glabra obovato-globosa stipitem suum aequante.
Dioicum. Eamuli breviter et haud dense hirsuti, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum zona interna interrupte, libriforme, fas- ciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis, canalesque peripherici plures. Limbi in sicco membranacei parce pellucido-punc- tulati, fere usque ad 13.5 cm longi et 6 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 20 mm, pedunculi ad 25 mm longi. Bracteae pelta 1 mm diametro. Bacca 3 mm longa.
Basilan, Eallier, January.
92. Piper caninum A. Dietr. Sp. PL 1 (1831) 681; Miq. Comm. Phyt. (1839) 17, 33, tab. 3; C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 341, emend.
Foliis breviter petiolatis, ovato-oblongis basi aequilatera attenuatis et acutis, apice acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus sat dense pilosis 5- plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 altematim vel subopposite mittente, quorum supremus a 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo dense piloso basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo puberulo petiolum fere aequante, spica quam folii limbus pluries breviore, filiformi, rhachi hirsuta, bractea pelta rotunda pedicellata margine pedicelloque hirsutis, staminibus 2, filamentis emergentibus antheris globosis ; stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum fere aequante et hirtello, rhachi et bractea ut in mare, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 3 rarius 4 ovato-acutis, bacca ovato-globosa apice obtuse rostellata.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli juniores in mare breviter hirtelli in femina sat dense pilosi, spiciferi in mare 0.5 mm, in femina fere 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fascieulos discretos dispositum zona interna vel totum libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis et in femina canales peripherici 3. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 11 cm longi et ad 4. cm lati. Petioli
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
459
usque. ad 10 mm longi. Spieae mase. circiter 2 cm, fem. circiter 4.5 cm longae. Bractea pelta 0.5 mm diametro. Bacca in vivo 8 mm longae
6- 7 mm latae, in sicco 5 mm' longae, 3-4 mm latae.
Spontaneous and cultivated in the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago.
Var. glabribracteum O. DC. var. nov.
Bamulis glabris, . limbis ovato-lanceolatis basi aequilatera acutis apice longe et acute acuminatis 5-plinerviis, supra glabris subtus pilosis, 11.5 cm longis, 5.5 cm latis, pedunculo glabro * petiolum paullo superante, bractea glabra obovaio-rotunda, bacca in sicco 2.5 mm longa.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 176, February.
Yar. sablanum C. DC. var. nov.
Bamulis 'glabris, limbis ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice longi- uscule et acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus haud dense pilosis,
7- plinerviis, circiter 12 cm longis et usque ad 7 cm latis, bractea glabra transverse elliptica, bacca in sicco 7 mm longa, 5 mm crassa.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Sablan, Elmer 6150, April.
Var. latibracteum C. DC. var. nov.
Bamulis dense villosis, late ovatis basi aequilatera rotundatis apice longe et acute acuminatis, supra parce subtus densius pilosis, 7-plinerviis, 8.5 cm longis 5 cm latis, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda 1.5 mm diametro.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lueban, Elmer 7627, 7990, rare, 750 to 3,500 feet: Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8844-
Var. lanaoense C. DC. var. nov.
Bamulis haud dense vilosis, limbis elliptico-ovatis basi leviter in- aequilatera altero latere rotundatis altero subacutis, apice acute acu- minatis, supra parce subtus sat dense hirsutis, 7-plinerviis, usque ad 12 cm longis et ad 5 cm latis; bracteae glabrae pelta obovato-rotunda centre subsessili, 0.75 mm longa.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., September.
93. Piper acutibaccum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, anguste elliptico-lanceolatis basi aequilatera cuneatis apice longe et acute acuminatis, supra glabris subtus ad nervum centralem parce pilosis, 5-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes altematim mittente quorum superus a 7 mm supra basin solutus, vel 5-nerviis nervis 3 centralibus interne approximatis ; petiolo piloso paullo ultra basin vaginante ; stirpis fem. pedunculo glabro petiolum fere duplo superante; spica quam folii limbus breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, stigmatibus 3 linearibus brev- ibus ; bacca glabra submatura fusiformi apice attenuato-acuta.
Dioicum, seandens. Bamuli pilosi, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis
460
DE CANDOLLE.
lysigenis unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido- punctulati, 10.5 cm longi, 3 cm lati. Petioli 7 mm, pednncnli 12 mm longi 1.5 mm crassi. Spica 7 cm longa, rhachis 1.5 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 1.5 mm diametro. Baeca 6 mm longa, 3 mm crassa, ejus stipes 3 mm longus.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dalrican, Bur. Sci. 10031 Ramos, July, on large trees in forests.
94. Piper Merrittii C. DC» sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis, basi leviter inaequilatera cordatis apice acute acuminatis, ntrinqne et snbtns densins villosis, 7-plinerviis, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 altematim vel opposite mittente quorum supremus 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis; petiolo dense villoso basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo villoso petiolum aequante vel paullo superante ; spica limbi dimidium fere aequante, rhachi hirsuta, bractea glabra rotunda centro breviter pedicellata, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus '4 ovato- acuminatis apice subulatis ; bacca globosa stipitem suum paullo superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Bamuli villosi, spiciferi 1.75 mm crassi, collen- chyma libriforme in fasciculos a latere elongatos- dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis aliique peripherici. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, superi fere 10.5 cm longi, 47 mm lati. Petioli 15 mm longi. Spicae fere usque ad 6 cm longae. Bracteae pelta sub 1 mm diametro. Bacca 3 mm diametro.
Mindoro, Balete, in forests, altitude about 30 m, For. Bur. 6138 Merritt, January.
Forma b.
Limbis basi leviter inaequilatera profundius cordatis, usque ad 7.5 cm latis, spicis brevioribus, bacca matura globoso-elliptica.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Calelan), Elmer 10581, in most dense woods at 1,200 m altitude.
95. Piper tenuipedunculum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovatis basi aequilatera. cordatis, apice acute et sat longe attenuato-acuminatis, basi supra ad nervos hirtellis subtus sat dense hirsutis, 9-ninerviis, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes mittente quorum supremus a 1.5 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 a basi solutis quorum externi tenuiores et minus adscendentes ; petiolo dense hirsuto basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo tenui glabro petiolum multo superante, spica limbi dimidium subaequante, rliaclii tenui hirsuta; bractea obovata glabra centro sessili, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 3 vel 4 linearibus apice acutis, bacca submatura elliptica apice rotundata stipitem suum aequante.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli villosi, spiciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
461
in fasciculos discretes disposition et hand libriforme, fasciculi intra- medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenis centralis, canales peripherici pauci, cellulae sclerosae interfasciculares cum phloemate fasciculorum peri- phericorum continuae. Limbi in sicco membranacei inconspicue pel- lucido-punctulati, 12 cm longi, 6 cm lati. Petioli 2 cm, pedunculi usque ad 5.5 cm longi et 0.5 mm crassi.
Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 23J/3 p. p., February.
96. Piper malalaganum C. DC. sp. nov.
Foliis modice petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis basi subaequilatera acutis apice acute acuminatis supra glabris subtus dense et breviter hirsutis, pen- ninerviis nervo centrali usque ad 2 cm supra basin nervos adscendentes utrinque 4 opposite mittente; petiolo breviter hirsuto fere usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo tenui paree piloso petiolum paullo superante, spica matura folii limbum subaequante, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro sessili; ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 4 e basi subovata acuminatis, bacca submatura elliptica stipitem suum superante,
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli .dense et breviter hirsuti, costulati, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos a latere valde elongates disposition et libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis alii peripherici. Limbi in sicco membranacei, pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 12 cm longi et 52 mm lati. Petioli usque ad 2 cm., pedunculi usque ad 2.5 cm longi et vix 1 mm crassi. Spicae submaturae fere 12 cm longae.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Malalag, Copeland 696, March.
97. Piper villilimbum C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 784.
Foliis modice petiolatis, ovato-ellipticis, basi leviter inaequilatera altero
latere obtusis altero acutis, apice acute acuminatis, utrinque villosis, penninerviis, nervo centrali in mare a 1 cm supra basin trifido nervosque adscendentes utrinque 2 paullo supra basin mittente, in femina nervos adscendentes utrinque 3 mittente quorum supremus fere a 3 cm supra' basin solutus; petiolo villoso basi ima vaginante; maris pedunculo tenuissimo villoso quam petiolus paullo breviore, spica juvenili quam folii limbus pluries breviore, bracteae glabrae pelta orbiculari centro pedicellata; feminae pedunculo tenuissimo; villoso, petiolum paullo superante, spica folii limbum subaequante vel paullo superante, rhachi dense hirtella, bracteae glabrae pelta parva, rotunda centro subsessili, ovario libero glabro, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acuminatis brevibus, bacca matura subglobosa stipitem suum superante.
Dioicum, scandens. Eamuli dense villosi, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, pili usque ad 2 mm longi, collenchyma libriforme continuum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigenes plures quorum unus centralis,
462
DE CANDOLLE.
alii peripherici. Limbi in sicco membranacei crebre pellucido-pnnctulati, superi nsqne ad 14 cm long! et 4.5 cm lati. Petioli nsque ad limbi latns longius 10 mm, inter limbi latera 1 mm longi. Limbi foliorum in- feiiorum minores, 4—6 cm longi ovato-lanceolati basi aequilatera cordulati, 7-plinervii. Spicae fern. 10 cm longae rhachis 1 mm crassa. Bracteae pelta 0.75 mm diametro. Bacca 4 mm longa.
Mindoro, Baco River, Merrill 1783, masc., April. Polillo, in ravines in hills, altitude about 100 m, scandent, fruit becoming brownish, Bur. Sci. 6853 Robinson, fern., August, Luzon, Province of Tayabas, in forests, Rimer 7382, 7621/, May, a lax and finely branched scandent shrub, the older stems rather wiry and thin; leaves soft, paler beneath; inflorescence pendulous, deep-red when mature (Elmer). Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, William's 231/3 p. p., February.
SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIS, VERISIMILLIME SECTIONIS EUPIPER.
98. Piper Haenkeanum Opiz in Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 150.
Piper hirsutissimum Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 336.
Bamis teretibus hirsutis, nodis , radicantibus, petiolis hirsutis, f'oliis inferioribns exacte cordatis, snperioribns cordato-ovatis oblongis lanceo- latisqne, 7-plinerviis, utrinque hirsutis, spicis filiformibus folia aequan- tibus (ex Opiz 1. c. et quoad nervationem ex specimine herbarii Haenkeani) .
Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, near Sorsogon, HaenJce, fide Opiz l. c.
99. Piper rufinerve Opiz 1. c. 159.
Bamis teretibus glabris, nodis radicantibus, petiolis glabris, usque ad f longitudinis vaginantibus, foliis rotundato-ovatis subcordatisve, basi aequilateris apice acute acuminatis, 7.5 cm longis, 6 cm latis, 5-nerviis (ex Opiz 1. c. et ex specimine herbarii Haenkeani).
Luzon, Eaenlce, fide Opiz l. c.
100. Piper lividum C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 155.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Malunu, Warburg 11930, sterile specimen.
101. Piper taumanum C. DC. 1. c. 159.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Warburg 11/71/1, sterile specimen.
Sectio Muldera Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 79.
§ Schizonephros C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 241, emend.
. Spicae solitariae, oppositifoliae. Flores dioici. Bracteae cum rhachi concretae, tantum basi et apice ab ea liberae et in cupulam florem includentem inter se connatae. Floris masculi stamina plura, usque ad 10. Floris feminei ovarium liberum.
102. Piper baccatum Bl. in Verh. Bat. Genoots. 11 (1826) 172, tab. 3.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., September,' October.
A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE PIPERACEAE.
463
Sectio Heckeria Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 95.
§ Potomorphe C. DC. Prodr. 1 6l (1869) 331.
Spicae in apice ramnli. axillaris snbnmbellatae vel axillares solitariae. Bractea libera. Flos Hermaphrodites. Stamina 2 vel 3. Ovarium liberum.
103. Piper umbellatum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 43, var. subpeltatum C. DC. in Donn.-Sm. En. 6:39.
Piper subpeltatum Willd. Sp. PI. 1 (1798) 166; C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 333.
Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Cuming 441 J Lazaan, Bur. Sci. 6030 Robinson; Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 6723 Robinson: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Williams 334: Province of Tayabas, Mauban, For. Bur. 9578 Curran: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3315 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1018 Ramos. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8678 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2144: District of Davao, Catalonan, Copelarid 930, 1252: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 621. Jolo, Mount Dajo, Merrill 5330.
Var. glabrum, foi’ma b C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 494.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 7711 Ramos. Mindanao, District of Davao, Todaya (Mount Apo), Elmer 10862.
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MERRILL, E. D., and MERRITT, M. L. The Flora
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DE CANDOLLE, C. A Revision of Philippine Pipera-
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Vol. Y DECEMBER, 1910 No. 6
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
By C. B. Robinson.
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.)
This work was originally undertaken with the purpose of ascertaining the relation of the Philippine species of the family to those of other countries yielding valuable products • for textiles and cordage, but the systematic problems proved so numerous that they have had to he entered into at length. As a result, the number' of species to he credited to the Archipelago has had to be greatly increased, and additions have been made to the list of genera. Whenever possible, the 'species have been studied in the field as well as in the herbarium; this has been of great assistance in the solution of many problems, and the more intensive collect- ing thus made necessary has led to the discovery of many additional species, while it seems to indicate that similar work in other parts of the Islands will bring to light many more. An attempt has been made to secure material in considerable quantity, to indicate the variations of the species, at least in one locality. Near the conclusion of the work, I have had the privilege of examining the entire collection of Urticaceae, obtained by Mr. A. D. E. Elmer, on Mount Apo, Mindanao, which contains many additions to the species of the family.
The generic difficulties are of two kinds, systematic and bibliographic. The former are often great, reaching their extreme among Philippine species between Boehmeria and those species of Pouzolzia having serrate leaves. The separation between Pouzolzia and Gonostegia is made on characters of much less importance than are used in any other case, but
99454 465
466
ROBINSON.
at least two groups are marked out which are easily distinguished one from the other : whereas the difference in general appearance between the entire-leaved and serrate-leaved species of Pouzolzia is considerable apart from this character, while the latter in habit can not be distinguished from Boehmeria ; in the most natural character, that of the styles, the interval is very nearly bridged, even in our species.
Some workers upon Malayan Urticaceae have had great difficulty in separating the three genera Procris, Elatostema, and Pellionia. For their purposes and ours, the difficulty is real if merely the existing keys are studied, that in the Genera Plantarum excepted, but disappears on a study of the flowers and inflorescences of the plants themselves. However, it does not seem possible to maintain the genus Elatostema with the limits assigned to it by "Weddell. He left it as a genus with involucrate or exinvolucrate receptacles, and a pistillate perianth 3- to 5-merous. Among Malay-Philippine species, the difficulty is with a group where the inflorescence on casual examination seems to form a receptacle but is merely an exinvolucrate cyme in nearly all cases greatly condensed. Weddell included the species known to him in Elatostema; they caused Hallier to reduce both Procris and Pellionia to Elatostema; Boerlage placed them in Pellionia. The last is the true alliance, but the group is here held to be sufficiently distinct from that genus, to be separated under the name Elatostematoides. To the writer, the only question is whether it should be considered a genus or a very distinct sub- genus under Pellionia. If Androsyce, made by Weddell a subgenus of Elatostema, were found within the Philippines, it would unhesitatingly be treated as entitled to' generic rank.
Another genus, Astrothalamus, is proposed for a species known from the Mariannes, Philippines, and Borneo, which was placed by Weddell and the writer previously in Maoutia, by both with doubt. The distin- guishing characters .lie in the pistillate inflorescence, which Weddell did not see, and seem amply sufficient to maintain the new status 'assigned.
i Several of the more serious bibliographic problems have arisen through the adoption by Weddell of manuscript names, or maintenance by him of insufficiently published names in preference to suitably published ones of later date. This is especially the case with names appended to plates
in Gaudichaud’s Botanique du voyage Bonite. Weddell 1
.states that the plates were issued between 1839 and 1846, but they were not accompanied by generic or specific diagnoses, and the explanations of the plates did not appear till 1866. These genera are here dated from the years in which they were taken up by Weddell. Although all cases of the kind are discussed under the genera affected-, a brief summary is here made of those where the name is likely to be the subject of dispute.
^DC. Prodr. 161: 235.£
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
467
Laportea Gaudich., 1826, is antedated by TJrticastrum Fabr., 1759, the former one of the nomina conservanda of the Vienna Congress.
Fleurya Gaudich., 1826, has an alleged synonym in Kermula Noronha, 1790 : no combinations have been made under the latter name.
Pilea Lindl., 1821, is antedated by Adicea Raf., 1815 : nomen con- servandum.
Pellionia Gaudich., 1826, is said to be synonymous with Polychroa Lour., 1790.
Elatostema J. R. & G. Forster, 1776, is typified by the species now known as Procris pedunculata (Forst.) Wedch, which, under another specific name, is also the type of Procris.
Menwrialis Ham. in Wall. Cat. was a manuscript name, taken up as a sectional name by Bennett in 1838, and given generic rank by Weddell in 1857. If it be regarded as generically distinct from Pouzolzia, the oldest valid name is Gonostegia Turcz., 1846, Hyrtanandra Miq., 1851, also antedating Memorialis.
Distemon Wedd., 1857, is a homonym of Distemon Bouche, 1844. The latter is reduced to Canna, leaving Distemon valid for the Urticaceous genus under the Vienna Code.
> Villebrunea Gaudich., Bonite, was first published by Weddell in 1854 : Gaudichaud had two species, the first retained by Weddell in the genus, the second subsequently transferred by him to Urei-a , though he continued to cite both plates as belonging to the genus. Weddell, in 1854, had these two and two others, one subsequently retained, the other based on a species of Blume’s, which is said to belong to a different family. Oreocnide Miquel, 1851, is monogeneric, and as the first published name is here used.
Debregeasia. Gaudich., Bonite, taken up by Weddell, 1857, is generally said to have two older synonyms. Momcarpus Sieb. & Zucc., 1846, is here rejected as a homonym of Morocarpus Adans., 1763, but as the latter is considered a synonym, the name would be available for use instead of Debregeasia under the Vienna Code. Leucocnide Miq., 1851, had 5 species, the two first distinct ’species of Leucosyke, the other three reduced to one by Weddell under Debregeasia. It is here considered to be typified by Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedch, and Debregeasia is left as the oldest valid name.
Leucosyke Zoll. & Mor., 1845 or 1846, was eventually maintained by Weddell, although he had taken up, in 1854, Missiessya Gaudich., Bonite.
The two- departures from ordinary usage in this paper are the substitution of Oreocnide for Villebrunea, and of Gonostegia for Memo- rialis.
Difficulties with specific limits occur at every turn, and become acute owing to the tendency in many of the genera for the forms to cluster around some species, such as Boehmeria platypliylla Don, Elatostema sessile (Forst.) Wedd., and Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd.: of all
468
ROBINSON.
the more intricate cases of the kind originating in nearly related regions, we escape none. Through the kindness of the Director of. Agriculture, Buitenzorg, Java, and of Mr. W. W. Smith, of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Calcutta, I have been able to make many direct comparisons between Philippine and other material: this with the literature available has led to the conclusion that a high percentage of our species are endemic, but this endemism in somewhat curiously, distributed between the genera that are here represented by several or by few species, some of the latter being considered monotypic. None of our genera are endemic, of those here proposed as new, Astrothalamus being also found in Borneo and the Marianne Islands, Elatostematoides probably ranging throughout Malaya.
|
Number of genera. |
Total Philip- pine species. |
Endemic. |
Percent- age. |
|
|
Genera with 1 Philippine species . .... |
7 |
7 |
1 |
14.3 |
|
Genera with 2 Philippine species _ |
3 |
6 |
1 |
16.7 |
|
Genera with more Philippine species..— |
11 |
116 |
97 |
83.6 |
|
Total. ..... ... |
21 |
129 |
99 |
76.7 |
DISTRIBUTION OF TJRTICACEAE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND NEARLY RELATED REGIONS.
|
Genus. |
India. |
Malay Archi- pelago. |
China. |
For- mosa. |
Philip- pines. |
|
Achudemia ____ |
1 |
||||
|
Astrothalamus ... . |
jL |
||||
|
Boehmeria |
10 |
11 |
13 |
5 |
9 |
|
Boehm eriopsis |
|||||
|
Ohamahainia.- |
1 |
J |
1 |
||
|
Cvpholophus _ _ |
10 |
3 |
|||
|
Debregeasia. |
6 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Di stem on |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||
|
Droguetia. _ j_ _ _ |
1 |
||||
|
Elatostema |
32 |
31 |
9 |
5 |
43 |
|
Elatostematoides |
10 |
5 2 |
|||
|
Fleurva |
x |
4 |
! |
1 |
|
|
j Forskohlea |
|||||
|
Girardinia |
1 |
4 |
2 |
||
|
Gonostegia (Memorialis) * . |
8 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
|
Laportea |
3 |
16 |
1 |
15 1 |
|
|
Lecanthus ! |
2 |
2 |
|||
|
Leucosyke |
l |
10 |
|||
|
Maoutia |
5 |
1 |
|||
|
Na.nncnide |
2 |
1 |
|||
|
Orenenide fVillehrrnieal |
2 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
Parietaria |
2. |
||||
|
Pellionia. |
12 1 |
6 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
|
Phenax |
|||||
|
Pilea |
20 |
14 |
20 |
6 |
13 |
|
Pipturus |
2 |
7 |
6 |
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
469
Distribution of Urticaceae in the Philippines, etc. — Continued.
Some i of these differences are doubtless due to the more radical or more conservative tendencies of the workers : ultimately, there is every probability that the Malay Archipelago will be found far to excel all of the other regions here enumerated in the number of its species. The above distribution of the Malay species between Elatostema, Elatostematoides, and Pellionia is very rough : in many cases, the descriptions are quite insufficient to enable an accurate opinion to be formed.
Taken as a whole, the affinities of Philippine Urticaceae are undoubt- edly Malayan, only one genus found here being unreported from the Malay Islands. This is Oliamabainia , which, is known from India and China. Of the other genera, Urtica is cosmopolitan, but the only species here is Malayan : Laportea occurs, in all the continents except Europe, and some of our species have their closest alliance with those of India, but more with those of Malaya: Pilea and Boehmeria are tropical or subtropical, in the former, is the one species which can positively be said to be introduced only, P. microphylla (Linn.) Liebm. : another species here described as P. humilis, is very closely allied to P. peploides, which ranges from the Galapagos Islands across Oceania and Asia to western Africa ; the affinities of the other species are with those of India, Formosa or Malaya. Boehmeria nivea (Linn.) Gaudich. is doubtless introduced, but the forms from Sabtan Island seem to fall under the variety tena- cissirna, whose other distribution is such that it may well be indigenous : the other species show alliances with those of India', Malaya, and Formosa.
Two other genera are found in the Tropics of both America and the
5 Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. 5 (1888) 477, 547-594.
3 Boer 1. Handl. Kenn. FI. Ned. Ind. 3 (1900) 372-381: Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. FI. Deutsch. Schutz. Siidsee (1905) 251-256: with some changes.
4 Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.'Bot. 26 (1899) 471-492, 36 (1905) 461, 481, 488, 501, 516, 527, 529.
6Kawakami List PI. Formosa (1910) 103-108.
470
ROBINSON.
Old World; Pouzolzia and Fleurya; one of our species of the latter has somewhat the appearance of an introduced plant, but is of wide distribu- tion from Abyssinia to Polynesia, the other seems not to go west of Java, and so far as our collections show, barely gets into ;the Philippines in the islands nearest to Borneo. Our species of Pouzolzia are certainly indige- nous, one has a wide Indo-Malayan distribution, a second seems identical with a Javan species, the others are endemic, one with no near allies, the other nearest to one of Java. The other genera are confined to the Old World, and are mainly tropical, Pellionia , Procris, Oreocnide, and De- dreg easia extending to Japan. However, in the three first, the species are Malayan or with their nearest affinities Malayan : in the last, our only species has hitherto been identified with D. longifolia (Burm.) Wedd., ranging from India to Java, but seems more closely allied to the J apanese D. edulis Wedd. Lecanthm and Elatostema range from western Africa to Polynesia, our one species of the former being known with certainty only from India and China: the latter is our richest genus in point of species, some appearing very distinct, several others closely allied to E. sessile Forst., originally described from the Society Islands, but with nearly related or possibly identical forms distributed through- out the range of the genus : in other cases the affinities are distinctly Indian, in yet others Malayan : two species seem to be confined to the Phil- ippines and Formosa. Pipturus extends from Mauritius to Polynesia, but our species have peculiar features. P. argenteus (Forst.) Wedd., with a range from Java to Queensland and Tahiti is found only in the extreme southwestern Philippines; another of our species has in it its closest ally, but not a near one; P. ardorescens, which is far our commonest species, is otherwise known only from. Borneo, and with a very local ally is very distinct from all others of the genus except P. aldidus (ITook. & Arn.) Wedd., of the Hawaiian Islands; another is considered identical with a Javan species, and is the probable ancestor of the sixth. Gonos- tegia ( Memorialis ) has 4 species, one extending from India to Australia, a second Indo-Malayan, a third is doubtfully identified with an Indian species, the last seems quite distinct. Two other genera extend to India, Distemon, monotypic, hitherto known only from that country and Java, and Maoutia, ranging to Tahiti. Leucosyke until its recent report from Formosa was supposed to find its most northern distribution in the Philippines, where one of its species is very common and identical with one of wide Malayan distribution ; it is also the probable ancestor of the remainder with one exception, L. nivea, which is allied to L. candidissima of Java. The genus Gypholophus finds its greatest extension to the east and southeast of the Philippines, our only species extending to the west being that which is very much the most common here. There remain the two genera here segregated, Elatostematoides which is probably throughout -Malaya, and Astrothalamus, known also from Borneo and the Mariannes.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
471
A most unfortunate conflict regarding dates of publication arose Half a century and more ago, owing to the fact that the family was being treated in part or whole by different authors at the same time. So far as Philippine problems are involved, Weddell, Blume, and Miquel are chiefly concerned; and as the facts have a wide bearing, it is thought advisable to enumerate here such data as have been gathered.
Weddell’s papers were three in number, the first published in the first volume of the fourth series of the Annales des Sciences Naturelles; the second, his monograph of the family, in the ninth volume of the Archives du Museum ; the third in th,e first part of the sixteenth volume of the Prodromus. The difficulties lie with the second.
Blume’s references to species of the family are more or less scattered throughout his publications, but he deals especially with them in certain numbers of the second • volume of the Museum Botanicum Lugduno- Batavumj over the dates of these there is much difficulty, especially as they were nearly simultaneous with Weddell’s monograph. There seems to be no controversy over the actual dates of Mi quel’s publications, their relative priority being alone involved.
The preface to the second volume of the Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. is dated January 6, 1852, the first number is dated 1852, numbers 2 to 8 bear no date. According to a polemic review by Miquel, these were issued together and were on sale on the 1st of February, 1856.6 It would be unfair, however, to consider Blume as claiming fqr them the date of 1852, for Weddell’s paper in the Annales of 1854 is cited as of that year. Parts 9, . 10, 11, and 12 are dated as appearing on the 1st of November and December, 1855, and of January and February, 1856, respectively. Miquel 7 says of these that they were on sale by the middle of May, 1856, at Amsterdam, and in Germany somewhat earlier: further, that he had himself seen in the Leyden Herbarium in December, 1855, some of the sheets from which species were alleged to have been published in November, and that- there was no indication upon them of anything of the kind having taken place. Parts 13 to 16 are similarly dated as appearing on the first of the months from March to June, 1856; regarding these, I find no definite statements by others ; the assigned dates are presumably too early, and it is in them that the worst cases of conflict with Weddell occur, so far as Philippine species are concerned.
Contemporaneous bibliographic notes on Weddell’s monograph are surprisingly few, the most important found being by Sir William Hooker.8 The date of the review is probably October or November of 1857, as it is in the second last number of the volume, and the last is dated December
6 Bot. Zeit. 14 (14 March, 1856) 185-188.
7 Bot. Zeit. 14 (1 August, 1856) 540, 541.
s Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 9 (1857) 347-350.
472
ROBINSON.
1, 1857. He says, in part : “Again, after the first part of Mr. Weddell’s work has appeared in Paris, and whilst the second is announced as ready-, ... a learned botanist in another country, with no materials but what his own herbarium and library afford, suddenly publishes monographs of some of the largest genera of Urticece ...”
Weddell himself says in an appendix on page 588 of the monograph, “Pendant -que je corrigeais les derniers chapitres de cet ouvrage, on a regu a Paris les feuilles 13 a 16 du Museum botanicum lugduno-batavum de M. le professeur Blume, faisant suite a eelles .dont il a ete question anterieurement (p. 48 et 90). C’est done dans l’intervalle ecoule entre la publication des feuilles 12 et 13 de ce travail qu’ont paru les 400 pre- mieres pages de ma Monographie, dont M. Blume ne semble d’ailleurs pas avoir eu connaissance, bien que la publication de la derniere livraison ait precede de plusieurs mois celle de la partie de son ouvrage que j ’annonce auj ourd’hui.”
To Dr. B. Daydon Jackson, general secretary of the Linnean Society of London, and to Dr. J. IT. Barnhart, of the New York Botanical Garden, I am greatly indebted for additional data. The former writes (to the Director, Koyal- Botanic Gardens, Hew, who had kindly forwarded to him my request for information).
“I am sorry to say that though I have spent most of the day in the search, I am unable to say what pages and plates came out in 1856. The title-page of Vol. IX of the Archives du Museum, gives the date thus: ‘1856— 57, ’ and I have not succeeded in finding any side-light on the separate issues. Thus in Bull. Soe. Bot. Fr. iv. (1857) p. 839, we learn that it came out in 4 parts, and in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. (1857) p. 347 we learn further that part 1 appeared in 1856. The work does not seem to have been reveiwed in the ‘Botanische' Zeitung,’ ‘Flora,’ ‘Gard. Chron.’ or ‘Linnaea.’
“Our own records show that the thanks of the Society were accorded for parts 1-3 on 21st April 1857, and for part 4 on 5th Nov. 1857. But against this I find under date' of 18th Nov. 1856, ‘Monographie de la Famille des Urticees par H. A. Weddell, D. M. P. etc. Presented by the Author.’ It thus looks as if the author had early complete copies, which he distributed in 1856, for that is also the date on the reprint title-page. Afterwards the official distribution took place, but I am unable to give particulars of this.
“No wrappers have been bound in of either copy in our library.”
Dor the purposes of this paper, the decision reached is to accept Weddell’s statement with its implication, that the first 400 pages of his monograph appeared between the 12th and the 13th parts of the second volume of the Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat., but that fascicle 13 of the latter preceded the remainder of the monograph. It then becomes academic to question whether the date of these later portions of the works of either author was 1856 or 1857.
The evidence is all against taldpg Blume’s statements of dates as accurate, but if certain fascicles appeared at the beginning of February,
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
473
and four more by the middle of May, there would seem to be no great improbability in the remaining four having been published in the same year, 1856. There can be no doubt that the first part of the monograph was published in 1856, hut it still seems to me probable that the con- clusion did not appear till the following year. Hooker’s statement is rather positive, and it is possible that the Linnean Society record may have referred to part of the work only. Miquel, also, definitely states in paragraphs where priority was being discussed, that certain portions, Debregeasia and Villebrunea , which are after page 400, were published in 1857. 9
To Prof. Lecomte and Dr. Gagnepain, of the Museum d’Histoire ISTaturelle, Paris, and to Mr. W. W. Smith, of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Culcutta, I am greatly indebted for comparisons between recent Philip- pine collections and the types in those institutions and for copies from publications not available here to Lieut.-Col. D. Prain, Director of the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and to Dr. 1ST. L. Britton, Dr. M. A. Howe, Mr. Percy Wilson, and Miss Hilma Johnson, of the New York Botanical Garden.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE GENERA OE URTICACEAE.
Plants with stinging hairs; perianth-segments of pistillate flowers 4, always free from the ovary.
Leaves opposite; stipules, lateral; achenes straight 1. TJrtica
Leaves alternate; stipules axillary; achenes oblique.
Herbs; fruiting perianth not succulent 2. Fleur y a
Trees or shrubs; fruiting perianth succulent — 3. Laportea
Plants without stinging hairs.
Pistillate perianth 3- to 5-parted or lobed, always free from the ovary.
Leaves opposite.
Cymes forming head-like glomerules 4. Pilea
Flowers crowded In a fleshy receptacle 5. Lecanthus
Leaves alternate.
Trees — ., ...... - - 3. Laportea
Herbs or rarely undershrubs.
Pistillate perianth biseriate, the 2 inner lobes much larger than the 2
outer • 2. Fleurya
Pistillate perianth uniseriate.
Inflorescences exinvolucrate.
Both staminate and pistillate inflorescences cymose, sometimes greatly condensed and simulating receptacles, but then never involuerate. Pistillate perianth 4- or 5-parted, at least some of its segments
conspicuously corniculate 6. Pellionia
Pistillate perianth-segments at most obscurely acuminate or cor- niculate 7. Elatostematoides
Staminate inflorescences cymose; pistillate flowers crowded on a fleshy receptacle, their perianth 3- or 4-parted, easily separ- able 8. Procris
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869) 305, 306.
474
ROBINSON.
Both staminate and pistillate inflorescences involucrate; pistillate perianth cupular, usually minute, the lobes obtuse, usually 3, rarely
2 or 4 9. Elatostema
Pistillate perianth tubular, inclosing the ovary or aehene, greatly contracted at the mouth.
Stigma linear or filiform.
Stigma persistent.
Fruiting perianth usually membranaceous; stigma not greatly curved.
10. Boehmeria
Fruiting perianth succulent ; stigma short, greatly curved 15. Gypholophus Stigma deciduous.
Staminate flowers 2-merous 14. Distemon
Staminate flowers 4- or 5-merous.
Fruiting perianth membranaceous.
Buds of staminate flowers greatly flattened at the broad apex, usually with a transverse line of hairs at the flexure; nerves
extending to the leaf-apex or nearly 12. Gonostegia
Staminate buds much less flattened; leaf -nerves shorter 11. Pouzolzia
Fruiting perianth succulent 16. Pipturus
Stigma capitate or subpeltate.
Herbaceous vines with opposite leaves; fruiting perianth membrana-
■ ceous — JB— ~ ........... — - 13. Ghamabainia
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate.
Achenes borne upon a fleshy cupule . 17. Oreocnide
* Fruit baccate '. 18. Debregeasia
Pistillate perianth greatly reduced, or wanting, or apparently wanting.
Pistillate perianth disk-like, supporting the base of the aehene; flowers in
dense glomerules or eapitula I..i21. Leucosyke
Pistillate perianth wanting, both kinds of flowers in panicles, hardly forming
glomerules .t...: 20. Maoutia
Pistillate perianth very thin, hardly perceptible with the lens; staminate flowers paniculate, pistillate very densely crowded on pedunculate and lobed receptacles 13.„ 19. Astrothalamus
1. URTICA (Tourn.) Linn.
Urtica bullata Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (185.6) 145.
V. grandidentata Miq. PI. Jungh. (1851)’ 27, non Moris Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2 (1827-1829) 9, non Liebm. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 52 (1851) 296.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 160^9 Curran, Merritt & Zschokke, wet gully on pine and cogon slope at 2000 m elevation. Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 11583.
Of 4 Benguet plants collected, two have male flowers only, one female flowers only, the fourth has flowers of both sexes, nearly always in different inflorescences. The plants are somewhat intermediate between the above species and U. thunberg- iana Sieb. & Zucc., as is also Kawakami 119, from Formosa; the latter, however, shows the northern alliance, while the Philippine agrees more closely with the Malayan species. Its stipules are ovate, 9-13 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, more or less auriculate at the base. The Formosan plant is herbaceous and more slender with quite different stinging hairs; the leaves of both are doubly serrate.
Weddell10 prefers Miquel’s specific name to that of Blume, reducing the much older U. grandidentata of Moris to V. atrovirens Rep. in Loisel. Nouv. Not. (1827)
DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 55.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
475
40, non FI. Gall. Loiseleur has probably bare priority over Moris, but if the first edition of the Flora Gallica is ihtended, he had long previously used the name for a different species, to which I can find no additional reference.
Local name (Apo) : latong.
Java.
SPECIES E GENERE EXCLUDENDAE.
1. Urtica arborescens Link Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 386; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 483.
U. baccifera Blanco 1. c. (1837) 695, non Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1385.
Villar correctly reduced U. arboresoens Blanco to Pipturus asper Wedd. How- ever, Blanco had correctly interpreted Link’s species, which has no older name. This is doubtless the species intended by Weddell on page 102 of the monograph as “U. arborescens, Lmk. = M issies-syae spec.” It reappears on page 59 of the Prodromus as “U. arborescens Poir.= ? Leucosylces spec.”
2. Urtica elongata Link Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 385, nec J. F. Gmel. Syst. (1791) 269, nec aliorum.
V. sessiliflora Blanco 1. c. (1837) 696, non Sw. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. (1785) 33.
U. capitata Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 483, non Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 985.
Villar’s reduction of Blanco’s species to Fleurya interrupta Gaudich. is almost certainly correct, although the description of the pistillate flowers points rather* to some Boehmeria, to which genus Weddell 11 doubtfully assigned, probably by a slip or misprint for this, an otherwise non-existent U. sessilifolia Blanco. The reduction of Link’s species to Fleurya interrupta, though from description, is practically certain.
3. Urtica tjmbeiaata Blanco 1. c. (1837) 696, {umbelata) , non Bory Voy. 3 (1804) 173.
U. ferox Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 484, non Forst. f. Prodr. (1786) 66.
U. meyeniana Walp. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 422.
All are synonyms of Laported meyenicma (Walp.) Warb.
4. Urtica nivea Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 985.
Correctly credited to the Philippines by Blanco and others, but only an in- troduced plant: Boehmeria nivea (Linn.) Gaudich.
5. Urtica manillensis Walp. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 1*9 (1843) Suppl. 1: 423.
Bureau,12 after inspecting the type of this species collected by Meyen and
named by Walpers, reduced it to Fatoua pilosa Gaudich. The description, which he had been unable to locate, is quite in agreement with this disposition of the species.
6. Urtica iiorrida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2 (1817) 41.
Reported by Walpers, l. c. 422, to have been collected at Manila by Meyen, perhaps from a garden. Kunth’s species, considered by Weddell to be a variety of TJrera baccifera (L. ) Gaudich., is a native of tropical America, and is very unlikely even to have been cultivated in Manila. Meyen’s specimen, if extant, will decide the question.
7. Urtica villosa Blanco 1. c. (1837) 695, non Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 70.
Blanco’s description is most inadequate and would do for s several Philippine
species in different genera. Villar’s reduction of it to Pouzolzia indica Gaudich. (P. seylanica Benn., sensu latiore), is open to.no other objection, and may well be accepted.
DC. Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 66. DC. Prodr. 17 (1873) 256.
476
ROBINSON.
8. Urtica japoniga Blanco 1. c. (1837) 694, nec Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 418, nec Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 70.
Villar has reduced this to Pouzolzia viminea Wedd. The description of the pistillate flowers indicates either that genus or Boehmeria, but no species of . the former with serrate leaves have been obtained in recent years in any locality likely to have been visited by Blanco; Of our species, Boehmeria heterophylla (Wedd.) Bl. best fits the description, but the habitat, “paredes,” is unlikely, though it is known from a number of localities near Manila. This, and other points in the diagnosis suggest Fleurya interrupta, but apart from the fact that another of Blanco’s species is referable there, the short petioles, axillary flowers, , and terminal stigma are too serious obstacles to be overcome.
2. FLEURYA Gaudich.
Stinging plants; pistillate pedicels dilated at the apex 1. F. interrupta
Not stinging; pistillate pedicels not dilated 2. F. ruderalis
1. Fleurya interrupta Gaudich. Bot. Voy. Uran. (1826) 497.
Urtica interrupta Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 985.
Boehmeria interrupta Willd. Sp. PI. 4 1 ( 1805 ) 342.
Urtica elongata Link Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 385, nec. J. F. Gmel. Syst. (1791) 269, nec aliorum.
Urtica sessiliflora Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 696, non Sw. in Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. (1785) 33.
Urtica capitata Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 483, non Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 985.
Urtica sessilifolia Blanco ex Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 105, splialm.-
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3358 Ahern’s collector.; Manila, Guming 722, Merrill 8407, McGregor 82, Philip. Nor. Sch. 441 Buenconsejo ; Mala- padnabato, Phil. PI. J/32 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer s. n. : Province of Tayabas, Infanta, Bur. Sci. 6799 Robinson ; Atimonan, Gregory 114: Province of Albay, Tivi, Bur. Sci. 6301 Robinson. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6905 Robin- son. Panay, Province of Antique, San Jose, Yoder 25. Mindanao, District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2960. (Palmas Island, Merrill 5341, the island then considered to belong to the Philippines, now to Celebes.)
The local name at Bosoboso and Pasig is lipang aso, meaning dog-lipa ( Lapor - tea) : this name will be found cited under several species in different genera, as Laportea is very widely known, through its stinging properties. The Normal School collection records the Bieol name as ro-rolagnaton qui Ayam.
Villar’s reduction of Blanco’s species is here confidently followed; the descrip- tion of the flowers also suggests, Boehmeria, to which it was doubtfully reduced by Weddell. The plants are often very luxuriant, in other cases greatly reduced, and the length of the inflorescence more or less 'parallels this : it should not be insisted upon as a distinguishing character from F. ruderalis.
Abyssinia to New Guinea and Polynesia.
2. Fleurya ruderalis Gaudich. Bot. Voy. Uran. (1826) 497.
Urtica ruderalis Forst. Prodr. (1784) 344.
Ca villi Island, (Sulu Sea), in sandy soil in open thickets along sea-shore, Phil. PI. 402 Merrill. Also seen on the neighboring Island of Arena;
Java to the Marianne, Caroline and Society Islands and New Guinea.
According to Index Kewensis, Kermula “Noronha in Verh. Batav. Gen. v. (1790) ed. I. Art. IV. 2,” is synonymous with Fleurya; if so, it is much the older name : the' publication is not available here ; no combinations seem ever to
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
477
have been made under Kermula. The case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda.
3. LAPORTEA Gaudich.
This genus contains the best-known and longest-remembered stinging plants of the Archipelago. This is especially true of L. meyeniana (Walp.) Warb., but other species appear even more virulent, and it is probable that all and certain that nearly all of our species cause extreme irritation. Valuable papers on this property of the genus have appeared in Australia 13 and Paris,14 'and the Philippine side of the case has been briefly stated by the writer.15 The stinging hairs are silicious, and at least in L. gig as contain formic and acetic acids ; the effect being therefore both mechanical and poisonous. The latter is much the more pronounced as long as it continues, which may be. from a few minutes to two or rarely more days, depending upon the severity of the case. Prompt relief may be had by the use of ammonia, carbonate of sodium, or probably any alkali : this was ascertained in Paris with L. moroides Wedd., and indepen- dently here with L. meyeniana. The ordinary Philippine remedy is to apply to the injured surface the expressed sap from the inner bark of the same tree, and various sufferers have stated that it had given considerable relief. The experiments here gave negative results, but were not pro- longed beyond a few minutes, as it was obviously much less efficacious than soda or ammonia. However, the cell-walls continue to produce irritation rather than pain, especially on contact or immersion in water, often for three or four weeks ; in one case supposed to have been due to L. mindanaensis for six or seven months.
The systematic difficulties- are very considerable, and the characters chiefly relied upon in the following key are drawn from pistillate plants, with which it has often been difficult to correlate staminate collections. All of our species fall within Weddell’s section Dendrocnide , as limited by him, but there is a sharp .distinction between those, such as L. meyeniana, where the otherwise sessile flowers are borne upon a flabellate receptacle apparently formed by the. union of their pedicels, and such cases as L. luzonensis where there is no such receptacle and the flowers are pedicelled. The separation of a new section would have been made in this paper, were the type of Dendrocnide known to me. All of our species seem to be endemic. The oldest name for the genus is Urticastrum Fabr., but La- portea is maintained according to the decision of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
13 Petrie, J. M. The stinging property of the giant nettle-tree'. ( Laportea gigas Wedd.). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 31 (1906) 530-54.5.
14 Demilly, J. Les plantes du genre “Laportea” Gaudich., leurs caracteres, leur action urticante dangereuse. Bull. Sci. Pharmacol. 13 (1906) 144- f49.
15 Robinson, C. B. Philippine contact-poisonous plants. Bull. Manila Med. Soc. 2 (1910) 207-211.
478
ROBINSON.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OP LAPOBTEA.
Pistillate flowers distinctly pedicelled, not flabellately arranged.
Leaves oblanceolate, lowest veins very short. 2. L. anacardioides
Leaves usually much wider, lowest veins arched-ascending. 1. L. lusonensis
Pistillate flowers flabellately arranged upon a flattened or merely concave re- ceptacle.
Flowers crowded in more than' one row on receptacle 3. L. densiffora
Flowers forming a single row on the margin of the receptacle.
Receptacles much enlarged in fruit.
Mature leaves densely pubescent on both surfaces 4. L. crassifolia
Upper surface of mature leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Mature receptacles usually over 1 cm in diameter 5. L. batanensis
Mature receptacles not over 8 mm in diameter.
Pistillate inflorescence only moderately branched, tomentellose.
6. L. meyeniana
Pistillate inflorescence very diffusely branched, pilose 7. L. diffusa
Receptacles not or only slightly enlarged in fruit.
Leaves rigid : receptacles subtended by braeteoles 6 mm long or more.
8. L. rigidi folia
Leaves not rigid : braeteoles less than 2 mm long..
Leaves gradually contracted to an acute or subacute base.
Stipules merely ciliate or glabrous '9. L. gracilipes
Outer surface of stipules densely pubescent.
Leaves oblanceolate, chartaceous 10. L. lanaensis
Leaves wider, membranaceous or submembranaceous.
11. L. mindanaensis
LeaLbases much wider, cordate, truncate, or at least, very obtuse.
Under surface of leaves densely pubescent 12. L. leytensis
Under surface of leaves glabrous or only obscurely pubescent.
Leaves thickly chartaceous 13. L. subpeltata
Leaves membranaceous or submembranaceous 11. L . mindanaensis
Flowers sessile in a purple, succulent, nearly closed receptacle.. 14. L. subclausa The pistillate flowers of L. venosa are as yet unknown, but it probably comes nearest to L. lusonensis: see text.
1. Laportea luzonensis Warb. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 168.
L. crenulata var. lusonensis Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 133.
L. crenulata F.-Vill. IvToviss. App. (1882) 204; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 255; non Gaudich. Bot. Voy. Uran. (1826) 498.
Luzon, Province of Uocos Norte, Bolo River,- For. Bur. 13871 Merritt & Dar- ling: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2631 Meyer: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 522: Province of Batangas, Santo Tomas, Philip. Nor. Bch. 339 Aurelia Malvar. The following staminate or sterile collections are also probably referable here. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Merrill 1^838: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 6522 Curran: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer s. n. Mindoro, Baco River, Merrill 1818; Subaan, For. Bur. 11379 Merritt.
Local name : lupa, Uocos Norte.
' 2. Laportea anacardioides sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis pistilliferis quam petioli longioribns, pedunculis brevibus. non receptaculum dilatatum efformantibus, perianthio subaequaliter 4- partito, achenio non vel vix ventricoso, stigmate anguste conieo : foliis oblanceolatis, integerrimis, basi aentis vel subobtusis, apice acuminatis.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
479
Pistillate injflorescences .axillary, mostly crowded with the leaves near the apices of the branches, 3 to 7 cm long, usually 3 -to 4 times branched, or reduced to panicles, unarmed or with a very few swinging hairs, the individual flowers mostly in threes, each upon a nearly cylindric pedicel 0.5 to 1 mm long, the bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, about 1 mm long; perianth at anthesis less than 1 mm long, nearly equally divided into 4 broadly lanceolate lobes, in fruit somewhat increased, forming a shallow cup with the lobfes less conspicuous; ovary suborbicular, compressed, slightly oblique, 1 mm in diameter/ stigma narrowly conic, 1 mm long, minutely pubescent, its base 0.3 to 0.4 mm in diameter, the slender apex more or less recurved; achene 2 mm long, black when dry, suborbicular, hardly or not ventricose : staminate inflorescence unknown.
A tree over 10 m high, with a trunk 15 cm in diameter, the bark yellowish, flaky, the ' vegetative parts apparently glabrous : leates at the ends of the branches, their petioles 1.5 to 4 cm long, the lamina membra- naceous or nearly chartaceous, oblanceolate, somewhat but irregularly inequilateral, 15 to 22. cm long, 3 to 5.3 cm wide, the greatly narrowed base acute or subobtuse, the margins entire, the apex forming an acute or nearly acute acumen 5 to 10 mm long ; lateral veins on each side of the, midrib 14 to 16, parallel-ascending or the upper arched, not forming a marginal vein ; stipules triangular-lanceolate, glabrous, acute, 9 mm long.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2766. Distinguished from the preceding not only by the narrower leaves with more numerous and less arched veins, but by the much less ventricose ovary and achene, and other ctmraseters.
3. Laportea densiflora sp. nov.
■ Inflorescentiis pistilliferis longis, admodum late clivaricatis, dense pubescentibus ; floribus in receptaculis . flabellatis congestis ; perianthio admodum alte quadrifido, stigmate subulato : folds late ovalibus, magnis, basi cordatis, apice brevissime acuminatis, venis utrinque 16.
Pistillate inflorescence (one seen), about 26.5 cm long, rather widely branching, therachises densely covered with whitish or brownish pubes- cence : flowers sessile,, crowded upon the surface and margins of recepta- cles ; the receptacles about 20-flowered, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, their pedicels mostly about 3 mm long ; bracteoles ovate, obtuse, acuminate, 1 mm long: perianth about O'. 5 mm long, its 4 lobes lanceolate, acuminate; ovary compressed, oval, somewhat ventricose, about 1 mm long, stigma subulate, pubescent, about 2 mm long. Staminate inflorescence (only one seen) , about 8 cm. long, the flowers apparently grouped as the pistillate, but too immature.
A tree 8 m high, with a stem 8 cm in diameter : leaves with petioles 11.5 cm long (one complete specimen), lamina subcoriaceous, broadly oval or ovate, 32 cm long, 23 cm wide, the base cordate, the margins entire, the extreme apex forming a very short acumen; lateral veins on each side of
480
ROBINSON.
the midrib about 16, the veins connecting the lower vein with the margin ■as well as those connecting succeeding pairs of veins very distinct, nearly straight or more or less curved, with in addition one or two veins similar to the first branch of the basal vein running from the insertion of the petiole a short distance below the basal vein itself ; veins of both surfaces and sometimes the lamina of the lower surface more or less pubescent, the lower surface of the midrib densely pubescent; stipules triangular- lanceolate, very acute, 15 mm long.
Mindoko, Baco River, Merrill 998 (staminate) . Mindanao, District of Zam- boanga, San Ramon, Hallier s. n. (type, pistillate).
4. Laportea crassifolia sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis pistilliferis longis, pubescentibus, floribus sessillibus in receptaculis flabellatis admodum congestis, perianthio 4-partito, lobis interioribus longioribus angustioribusque : foliis magnis, coriaceis, ovatis vel suborbicularibus, utrinque dense pubescentibus, basi cordalis, mar- gine dentatis.
Pistillate inflorescences 12 to 30 cm long, the peduncle and rachises stout, densely hoary-pubescent, widely branched : flowers sessile, 12 to 15 in number, in flabellate receptacles about 2 mm in width, with pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, passing gradually into the receptacle itself; bracteoles 1.5 mm long, oblong, aeutely acuminate : perianth 4-parted, the two inner 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, acute, the outer shorter, ovate, acutely acuminate, all sparingly pubescent on the outer surface, ovary ovoid-compressed, less than 1 mm long, ventricose, hardly oblique, passing gradually into the subulate pubescent stigma, which is about 2 mm long and curved at the apex : fruiting receptacles white, varying in size with development, attaining a width of at least 12 mm, the achene orbicular- ovate, compressed, 2.5 mm long, its surface more or less tuberculate: immature staminate inflorescences 8 mm long, densely pubescent, the flowers crowded in glomerules : perianth-segments 4, ovate, cucullate, 1 mm long.
A tree about 6 m high, its stem 15 cm in diameter; leaves with stout densely pubescent' petioles 6 to 12 cm long, the coriaceous lamina 2.0 to 30 cm long, 13 to 30 cm wide, the base cordate, -the margins except in the basal sinus forming more or less shallow but very conspicuous acute or obtuse teeth, the sinuses rounded or truncate, apices shortly acuminate; both surfaces, especially the under, densely covered with grayish or yel- lowish pubescence; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 12 to 15, arched-ascending, the veins connecting these fairly conspicuous; stipules elliptic, membranaceous, 25 mm long, glabrous except the midvein.
Mindanao, District of Lanao, Mataline Falls, For. Bur. 8925 Hutchinson (pistillate flowers, type): Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens 177 (staminate), s< n. (fruiting) .
Local name: sagay, Misamis.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
481
5. Laportea batanensis sp. nov.
Floribus pistilliferis in receptaculis- flabellatis fructu yalde auetis sufiultis : foliis membranaceis, inaequilateralibus, ellipticis; ovalibus, vel oblongo-obovatis, basi truncatis Tel rotundatis, emarginatis, margine integris, apice acuminatis.
Pistillate inflorescences 7 to 22 cm long, widely branching, pubescent especially on the younger branches : flowers sessile along the distal margin of a flattened flabellate receptacle 1 to 1.5 mm wide, 5 to 10 on each, the pedicels of the receptacles less than 1 mm long, braeteoles lanceolate, less than 1 mm long, inconspicuous: perianth-segments 4, lanceolate, 0.5 mm .long, nearly equal; ovary 0.6 mm long, slightly oblique and ventrieose; stigma 1.5 mm long, pubescent, often flattened and dilated distally: width of fruiting receptacles 'ranging to more than 1 cm, the achenes no longer marginal, compressed, obliquely suborbicular, 3 mm long, ventri- cose, strongly and coarsely tuberculate : staminate inflorescence unknown.
A tree 5 to 7 m high, its stem about 15 cm in diameter^ glaucescent and glabrescent at the apex : leaves with pubescent petioles 1 to 4 cm long, the membranaceous lamina elliptic, oval, or oblong-obovate, 9 to 19 cm long, 5 to 12 cm wide, the base rounded or truncate, emarginate, the margins entire, gradually narrowed and acuminate; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 9 to 13, arched-ascending, the veins of the lower sur- face more or less pubescent, especially when young; stipules ovate, acute or acutely acuminate, 8 mm long.
Batanes Islands, Batan Island, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3719 Fenix. . Noted as very poisonous.
Among Philippine species, this most closely approaches the next, from which its greatly enlarged fruiting receptacles seem to separate it: it is difficult to distinguish it, upon the floral characters given by Weddell, from his L. ptero- stigma, of Formosa, but the description of the leaves in texture, shape, and pubescence, make such an identification at least temporarily impossible.
Local name: jay eng.
6. Laportea meyeniana Warb. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 168.
TJrtica (?) meyeniana Walp. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 422.
L. gaudichaudiana Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 137.
Urera gaudichaudiana Wedd. in .Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 177.
TJrtica umbellata ( umhelata ) Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 696, non Bory Voy. 3 (1804) .173.
TJrtica ferox Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 484, non Forst. f. Prodr. (1786) 66.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Tuguegarao, Bolster 18 4 : Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bagabag, For. Bur. 18420 Alvarez: Province of Benguet, Sablan, Wil- liams 15J/-8 ; Twin Peaks, Elmer 6 46 4: Province of Tayabas, Infanta, .Whitford 850: Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Bolster 62: Province of Rizal, Mari- quina, For. Bur. 5199 Curran ; Montalban, Bur. Sci. 9519 Robinson; Guadalupe, Phil. PI. 438 Ramos; Manila, Meyen (carbon impression). Bur. Sci. 12142 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer s. n. : Province of Cavite, Silang, For. Bur. 7692 Curran. Mindoro, Cauayan, For. Bur. 3708 Merritt.
Some of these specimens are not typical, and the species as here interpreted 99454 2
482
ROBINSON.
may be capable of further segregation. Weddell in DC. Prodr. 161: 63, doubtfully reduced U'rtica meyeniana Walp. to Laportea stimulans Miq., .which may be the reason why that species is credited to the Philippines by Stapf.10 Weddell also,
1. c. 67, appears to. reduce V. urpibellata Blanco to Pilea unibelldta Wedd., but there may have been an omission.
Local names : lipa, lipang calabao, lipai, lopa; also alalatang in Cagayan and alalupa in Nueva Vizcaya.
7. Laportea diffusa sp. nov.
Arbor : inflorescentiis pistilliferis longissimis, . late diffusis ; floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus in receptaculis flabellatim dispositis: foliis longe petiolatis ovalibus, basi cordatis, apice snbabrupte breviter acumi- natis, 5-plinerviis vel minus conspicue 7-plinerviis, venis superioribus - 8 acl 10.
Pistillate inflorescences attaining a length of at least 45 cm, their branches often fascicled in threes, 7 to 10 cm long, themselves diffusely branched, the rachis and its branches strongly flattened when dry, probably succulent when fresh, cinereous-pilose ; the receptacles at anthesis about 1.5 'mm in diameter, solitary or two or three approximate, appearing as | one, on pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, bearing 4 to 6 flowers : flowers sessile or subsessile ; perianth-lobes 4, lanceolate to ovate but of about equal length, 0.4 mm, acuminate or. mucronate, pubescent, rarely with a few stinging hairs; ovary in outline oblong-lanceolate, about 1 mm long; stigma some- what longer than the ovary, densely pubescent, often recurved : fruiting receptacles attaining 8 mm in diameter; aehenes 2 mm in diameter, strongly compressed, nearly circular in outline but- ventricose on one side, tipped with the base of- the stigma, obscurely lined.
A tree 5 m high, with a trunk 30 cm in diameter, the apices of the branches covered with yellow bark ; leaves on petioles 5 to .18 cm long, when dried strongly flattened especially near the base,' there attaining 1 cm in width, densely pubescent, the lamina submemhranaceous, . attain- ing a length of 33 cm and a width of 21 cm, the base cordate, the margins especially toward the apex with numerous very short blunt teeth, the apex Contracted into a triangular acumen 3 cm long, the upper surface glabrous except on the midrib and veins, the under surface densely white-pilose;
5- or 7-plinerved, the uppermost pair extending, about one-third the length of the leaf ; additional pairs of veins 8 to 12, the apical ones indistinct, united by numerous veins which are more conspicuous on the under surface; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, about 13 mm long. • " .
Luzon, Province of Tarlac, O’Donnell, For. Bur. 51J/9 Curran. Distinguished from-> the last by its very diffuse, pilose inflorescence, and the different shape and margins of the leaves.
Local name: lipa.
0 Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II 4 (1894) 227.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
483
8. Laportea rigid ifol ia sp. nov.
Infloreseentiis pistiliferis longiusculis, floribus in receptaculis conspicne bracteatis suffultis : foliis rigidis, lanceolatis, oblongo-laneeolatis, vel -elliptieis, basi emarginatis, margine integris, apice acutis vel acute sub- acuminatis.
Pistillate inflorescences 12 to 20 cm long, the rachises sparingly pubes- cent, the branches mostly short, with bracts up to 1 cm- in length at their insertion on the rachis: flowers in a single marginal row on flabellate receptacles about 4 mm wide, bearing numerous bracteoles 3.5 to 5 mm long, and with numerous stinging hairs on the portion of the surface not covered by flower’s: perianth-segments 4, lanceolate to ovate, over 1 mm long, armed with a few stinging hairs ; ovary about 1 mm long, the subulate stigma 2 to 3 mm long: fruiting receptacles . apparently not enlarged, the achenes obliquely orbicular, compressed, 5 mm in diameter, minutely tuberculate.
A shrub or small tree 2 to 3 m high, with a stem 10 cm in diameter: leaves with petioles 3.5 to 6 cm long, the rigidly coriaceous lamina lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, 20 to 26 cm long, 5 to. 8.5 cm wide, the base rounded or gradually narrowed, more or less emarginate, the margins entire, revolute, the apex acutely acuminate or merely acute ; lateral veins on each, side of the midrib 9 to 11, strongly ascending, poarse and projecting on the lower surface, under surface of the young leaves densely pubescent, glabrescent when mature except , on the veins, upper surface glabrous; stipules (or bracts at the insertion of the inflorescence) ovate, 2.5 cm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Williams 991 (type) ; Cayapa, For. Bur. 15801 Curran. /
9. Laportea gracilipes Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 876.
Arbor parva,. erecta : infloreseentiis solitariis, axillaribus, laxe ramosis, 12 ad 25 cm longis, rhachidibus stimulis instructis; receptaculis carnosis, siccitate 3 ad 5 mm diametro, flores sessiles circiter 10 flabellatim geren- tibus: foliis petiolis 3.5 ad 5 cm longis suffultis, laminis siccis submem- branaceis, oblanceolatis vel rarius elliptieis vel oblongis, 8 ad 17 cm longis, basi acutis, apice abrupte breviterque acuminatis, margine integris, utrin- que glabris vel subtus obscure pilosiusculis ; stipulis laneeolato-ovatis, glabris vel margine modo eiliatis, 8 ad 10 mm longis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Todaya, at 1200 m elevation, Elmer 10^99.
Local name: sigmit.
10. Laportea lanaensis sp. nov.
Arbor ( ?) : infloreseentiis multo minus ramosis, rhachidibus ' stimuli- feris ; floribus fructibusque sessilibus, in receptaculis flabellatim dispositis :
■ foliis longiuscule petiolatis, oblanceolatis, elliptico-oblanceolatis, vel obo-
484
ROBINSON.
vatis, 12 ad 17 cm longis, basi valde angustatis, acutis vel brevissime- cordatulis, margine integris, apiee breviter acuminatis ; stipulis ovatis, extus dense pubescentibus.
Pistillate inflorescences 7 to at least 24 cm long, their branches ap- parently not widely spreading, not seen beyond 5 cm in length, densely clothed with stinging-hairs; receptacles on pedicels 1 to 3 mm long, bearing 6 to 8 flabellately arranged flowers : perianth-segments 4, subequal in length, 0.4 mm long, lanceolate to ovate,. their outer surfaces pubescent ; ovary about 0.6 mm long; stigma 1.5 to 2 mm long, pubescent: fruiting receptacles about 4 mm in diameter, the achenes strongly compressed, nearly circular in outline, 2.5 mm long, the stigma often persistent.
Probably. a small tree, the branches covered with brownish or yellowish glabrous bark: leaves with glabrous petioles 4 to 8 cm long, the charta- meous lamina oblanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate, or obovate, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, gradually contracted to an acute or very shallowly cordate base, the margins entire or. obscurely sinuate, the apex rather gradually contracted into an acumen less than 1 cm long ; glabrous on both surfaces or the under obscurely puberulent, the venation of the under often well marked by conspicuous white cystoliths ; pinnately veined, . veins 10 to 12 pairs; stipules ovate, densely pubescent on the outer surface, about 8 mm long.
Mindanao, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens lj.62 (type), s. n.
11. Laportea mindanaensis Warb. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 168.
Luzon, Loher 5009. Mindanao, District of Davao, Taumo, Warburg lift 02
(carbon impression) ; Davao, Copeland 608, 609, D’eVore & Hoover 182 ; Santa Cruz, Williams 2810, the last of somewhat different appearance, though I find no adequate characters upon which to separate it. The leaf-bases vary upon the same plant.
12. Laportea leytensis sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis pistilliferis admodum longis, ramosis, stimuliferis, floribus sessilibus in receptaculis fj.abellatim dispositis; bracteis ovatis costam versus pubescentibus : foliis subrigide coriaceis, ovali-ovatis ,vel „ovali-obovatis, basi rotundatis, margine siccitate revolutis, apice breviter acute acuminatis.
Pistillate inflorescences attaining a length of at least 20 cm, subtended at the base by ovate, acute bracts 12 to 15 mm long, densety pubescent on the midvein and sparingly near it ; bracteoles at the nodes of the in- florescence subpersistent, lanceolate, the lowest about 7 mm long, decreas- ing toward the apex ; the rachis and its branches, especially toward their apices armed with stinging hairs :' receptacles about 2.5 mm in diameter, on pedicels 3 to 5 mm long, bearing about 10 flabellately arranged/sessile flowers: perianth-segments 4, subequal, lanceolate, 0.5 mm long, ciliate; ovary compressed-ovoid, 0.7 mm long; stigma about 1.5 mm long, pubes-
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
485
cent, recurving: achenes compressed, nearly circular in outline, over 2.5 mm in diameter.
A widely spreading, tree, its branchlets covered with, yellowish bark : leaves on petioles 3 to 8 cm long, the younger pilose, the .older glabrous or nearly so ; lamina somewhat rigidly chartaceous, oval-ovate to oval- obovate, 16 to over 20 cm long, 6.5 to 13 cm wide, the bas,e broadly rounded, very close to the petiole becoming acute, the margins when dry revolute, the apex contracted into a slender acute acumen, the- upper surface glabrous or when young with a few scattered hairs, the under brown-lepidote and shortly white-pilose; 5-plinerved, the upper pair of nerves extending one-third the length of the lamina , or more, additional pairs of veins 20 to 12.
Leyte, Palo, Elmer 1351.
13. Laportea subpeltata sp. nov.
Infiorescentiis pistilliferis admodum longis, ramosis, stimuliferis, floribus sessilibus in receptaculis flabellatim dispositis-: foliis rigide chartaceis, ovalibus, basi rotundatis, subpeltatis, margine undulatis, apice brevissime acuminatis, 5- vel 7-plinerviis ; stipulis ovatis, extus dense pubescentibus.
Pistillate inflorescences nearly 20 cm long, the branches attaining 6 cm, the rachises especially toward the apex armed with stinging hairs; receptacles about 4 mm in diameter, on pedicels 2 to 7 mm long, bearing rather numerous flabellately arranged sessile flowers : perianth-segments 4, lanceolate, pubescent, about 0.6 mm long; ovary compressed, oval in outline, about 0.6 mm long; stigma pubescent, attaining nearly 2 mm in length, recurving : achenes hardly mature.
A tree 10.5 m high, with a trunk 15 cm in diameter, the glabrous bark o^ the ultimate branchlets very dark-red when dry : leaves on puberulent petioles' 3.5 to 7 cm long, the lamina rigidly chartaceous, oval, 11 to 18 cm long, 6.5 to 12 cm wide, the base broadly rounded, very shallowly ■ cordate, subpeltate^, the margins undulate, when dry slightly revolute, the apex abruptly contracted into a small acumen 2 to 3 mm long; upper surface dark-green, under light-green when fresh, both drying brown, when young densely pilose on the veins and somewhat between them, when mature glabrous except for a few hairs on the principal' veins; 5- or 7-plinerved, the uppermost pair of nerves extending from one-fourth to one-third the length of the lamina, additional pairs of veins 9 to 12; stipules - ovate, very shortly acuminate, densely pubescent on the outer surface except the margins, nearly 1 cm long.
Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Bliss River, at 1050 m elevation on low land near river, For. Bur. 4586 M earns & Hutchinson. Of our species, this is probably closest to L. densiflora, but in the latter the leaves are larger, more deeply cordate at the base, the under surface especially on the mid-vein and the inflorescence is more pubescent while the stipules are glabrous.
Local name (Moro) : sagi.
486
ROBINSON.
14. Laportea subclausa sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis pistilliferis longis, pared ramosis, floribus in receptaculis dense stimuli!: eris, jam carnosis, subclausis, suffultis: foliis longe petiolatis, ehartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis vel late ellipticis, basi emarginatis, margine integris, apice acutis Vel acuminatis, saepe admodnm falcatis.
Pistillate inflorescences purple, 25 to 35 cm long, sparingly branched, the rachis usually densely clothed with rather short stinging hairs: flowers sessile in pale-blue violet - or purple depressed-globose receptacles, which are densely clothed with stinging hairs and at anthesis already somewhat fleshy and except at the extreme apex closed over the flowers;' bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate, 3 mm long: perianth-segments 4, nar- rowly lanceolate, 1 mm long; ovary lanceolate, compressed, 0.8 mm long, tapering into a stigma of about equal length : fruiting receptacles up to 1 cm in diameter ; achenes ovoid, compressed, nearly smooth.
A shrub 1 to 3 high: leaves with petioles 6.5 to 23.5 cm long, the chartaceous lamina oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic, 25 to 53 cm long,
7 to 23 cm wide; the base emarginafe or subpeltate, the apex gradually narrowed to an acute point or somewhat acuminate, often slightly falcate ; lateral veins on each side of the 'midrib 12 to 15, strongly ascending, arched or nearly straight ; upper surface of lamina glabrous, under surface tomentellose ; stipules ( ? ) broadly lanceolate, 2 cm long.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Merrill 6290 (type), in mossy forest at 1050 m elevation, Bur. Sci. 9731 Robinson, Phil. PI ... 291/ Merrill, in rain forest at 840 m elevation. Seen also, but sterile, on Mount Banajao.
15. Laportea venosa Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 878.
Inflorescentiis staminiferis paniculato-cymosis, parce puberulis, 5 ad
8 cm longis, pedunculo 2 ad 3 cm longo, floribus in glomerulis haud eonfluentibus dispositis, tetrameris, perianthii lobis late lanceolatis, 2 ad 2.5 mm longis, obtuse acuminatis, ovarii rudiment®, stipitato, subgloboso, 0.7 mm longo : arbor, foliis alternis, modice petiolatis, laminis ehartaceis saepe obliquis, ovatis, ellipticis, vel oblongo-lanceolatis, 10 ad 22 cm longis, 4.5 ad 9 cm latis, basi subpeltata rotundatis vel angustatis truncat- isque, margine admodum revoluta subintegris, apice breviuseule acuteque acuminatis; venis utrinque 7 ad 9 cum reticulatione conspicuis; stipulis ovatis, caudatis, dense pubeseentibus. ■
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Buribid, at 1200 m elevation, Elmer 11948.
The absence of pistillate flowers prevents the inclusion of this species in the key, but it seems closely allied to L. luzonensis, differing from it in the much more- conspicuous leaf-venation, the greater protraction of the basal veins and the more densely pubescent stipules. There are probably other undesefibed species in this herbarium, as yet unrepresented by pistillate material.
Local name : . sigmit.
The following species, credited to the Philippines by Fernandez-Villar,17 have 17 Noviss. App. (1880) 204.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
487
not appeared in recent collections, and may be represented by some of tire pre- ceding, although we have nothing nearly resembling plate 689 of Wight’s leones, cited by him.
1. Laportea decuman a Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 127.
2. L. peltata Gaudieh. Bot. Voy. Uran. (1826) 498.
4. PILEA Lindl.18
IvEX TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF PILEA.
Leaf-venation pinnate, obscure .-..1 - — 1, P. microphylla
Leaves distinctly trinerved or triplinerved.
Prostrate or nearly so: leaves not exceeding 1 cm in length, their margins
entire or obscurely sinuate.. — IkkK 2. P. JmmiUs
Erect or at most reclining, leaves longer, the margins serrate or dentate. Inflorescences distinctly longer than the corresponding petioles.
Cystoliths very conspicuous on both surfaces, rendering the nerves glau-
cescent beneath . — 3. P. benguetensis
Cystoliths inconspicuous or wanting on upper surface, nerves not glau- cescent.
Leaves chartaceous 4. P. monticola
Leaves membranaceous — - 5. P. melastomoides
Inflorescences not or very slightly exceeding the petioles.
Leaves rigid - .( - - —eB- P- ngida
Leaves membranaceous.
Transverse veins between costa and nerves conspicuous, reticulations also conspicuous.
Stipules over 1 cm long 13. P. sylvatica
Stipules 3 to 5 mm, conspicuous .MS : — 12. P. dataensis
Stipules shorter, inconspicuous.
Leaf-bases acute.
Leaves over 12 cm long 6. P.robinsonii
Leaves never over 8 cm 9. P. apoensis'
Leaf-bases obtuse or eordulate L..U— ,.... 8. P. luzonensis
Transverse veins usually very obscure, reticulations always so.
Under surface of leaves glaucous „jp. 10. P. intumescens
Under surface of leaves not glaucous - 11 . P. calcicola
Of these, the perianth-lobes of the pistillate flowers are subequal only in P. Sylvatica, P. dataensis, and sometimes in P. monticola, they are unknown in, P. intumescens.
1. Pi lea microphylla Liebm. Vidensk. SeTsk. Skr. 52 (1851) 302.
Pari'etaria microphylla Linn. Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1308.
Pilea muscosa Lindl. Coll. Bot. (1821) pi.
So very common a weed in at least very many places in the Philippines that it is rarely collected; the localities shown on the sheets in this herbarium being in the provinces of Pampanga, Rizal (including Manila), Laguna, Tayabas (including the island of Polillo), and Albay, all in Luzon, also the islands of Mindanao, Jolo, and Palawan. However, it is not* reported either by Blanco or Eernandez-Villar : Weddell, in 1869, credited it to the New World only; it is now known also from India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula, and China.
18 The name Pilea is antedated by Adicea Raf., but the former is one of the nomina conservanda of the Vienna Botanical Congress.
488
ROBINSON.
2. Pilea humilis sp. nov.
Species P. peploidei (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. valde affinis, sed differt cymis pedunculatis, perianthii pistilliferi lobo intermedio mil latiore.
Cymes glomerulate, borne on peduncles attaining 14 mm in lepgth, but rarely exceeding 1 cm, and often considerably less especially in the upper- most axils ; flowers of both kinds intermixed in at least some of the glomerules; the staminate actually found- only in the uppermost ones, all shortly pedicellate, the pedicels varying in length with the age of the flowers, those of the pistillate roughly 0.5 mm long, those'of the staminate longer : perianth-lobes of staminate flowers 4, oblong-ovate or ovate, 0.8 mm long, cucullate; filaments 1 mm long; anthers white, about 0.5 mm long : perianth-lobes of pistillate flowers 3, the intermediate oval or orbicular, 0.7 mm long, sometimes very obscurely serrulate on the margins, the laterals suborbicular, 0.1 to 0.2 mm long; ovary compressed-ovate, smooth, somewhat exceeding the intermediate perianth-lobe ; stigma penicillate, very short.
Entirely glabrous : stems weak, reclining, often branching and rooting at the nodes, but apparently never branching at the base, the branches ascending, the steflas from 4 to 16 cm long: leaves opposite, those of a pair equal, the petioles 1 to 2 mm long, the lamina membranaceous, or- bicular, orbicular-ovate, or broadly oval, attaining 1 cm in length but usually 5 to 6 mm, often shorter, the. base rounded or acuminate, the margins entire or obscurely sinuate, the apex very broadly and obtusely acuminate ; trinerved, other venation very obscure, but 1 or rarely 2 ad- ditional veins sometimes visible ; upper surface with numerous com- paratively long cystoliths, usually showing also on the under surface, which is also in many cases sparingly punctate; stipules inconspicuous.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, Vcinoverbergh 161: District of Lepanto, Cervantes to Balili, Merrill 1$51 : Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Merrill 6510, For. Bur. 1601$, 1601$ 'Curran, Merritt, & Zschohhe ; Baguio, Elmer 6598. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6912 (type), Phil. PI. 213 Merrill.
It is with the utmost diffidence that this is separated from P. peploides, especial- ly in view Of the very wide distribution credited to that species (Galapagos Islands to India), but every description available' here indicates it as differing in the characters above noted; there seem also to be characters in the leaves but these are small and variable. The Philippine plant is a high-mountain form, ranging from 1250 to 2850 m. P. johniana Stapf is also allied, but much less closely to either of these species than they are to one another.
3. Pilea benguetensis sp. nov.
Suffruticosa : inflorescentiis axillaribus, laxe glomerulo-eymosis ; fior- ibus pistilliferis sepalis 3, inaequalibus, ovario verruculoso : foliis parum inaequalibus, lanceolatis, subcaudatis, saepe falcatis', triplinerviis, dentatis.
Inflorescences axillary, monoecious, 2 to 5 cm long, branfched, the peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm long, and exceeding the petioles, the glomerules not confluent except at the apex: staminate flowers with 4 sepals 1.5 mm
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
489
long, lanceolate to ovate, with, a process arising from the dorsal- surface near the apex ; stamens 4, 1 mm long, filaments free, very short ; rudiment of ovary small : pistillate flowers with 3 sepals, the dorsal 0.7 to 1 mm long, oblanceolate, acuminate, the laterals about half this length!, lanceo- late ; staminodes about the same length as the sepals but sopaewhat narrower, caducous; ovary elliptic, becoming ovoid in fruit, verruculose, with the very short, penicillate stigmas about 1 mm long.
Suffrutescent, more or less branching, 40 to 80 cm high, glabrous : leaves opposite, petioles 4 to 15 mm long, those of a pair nearly equal or more often distinctly unequal; lamina of leaves of a pair subequal, lan- ceolate, 3.5 to 9 rm long, 1 to 2.2 cm wide, triplinerved, inequilateral, the base rounded, truncate, or sometimes acute on one side, the margins dentate-serrate, the apices subcaudate, more often falcate, cystoliths present on both surfaces ; stipules lanceolate, 1 mm long, deciduous.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 6304 (type), Williams s. n., For. Bur. 4337 Curran; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16052 Curran , Merritt, <& Zschobke.
By description, greatly resembling P. Iracteosa Wedd., an Indian species recently reported from Formosa: through the kindness of W. W. Smith, Esq., of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, material of the Philippine species has been compared with Indian material of P. iracteosa, and found to differ in its shorter-petioled and less ovate leaves, and its less marked serration.
4. Pilea monticola sp. nov.
Herba vel suffrutex glaber: inflorescentiis axillaribus, in eaulibus vci in raniis brevibus foliiferis suffultis, quam petioli saltern maturis longio- ribus; florum pistilliferorum perianthio 3-partito, segmentis conspicue. inaequalibus vel subaequalibus : foliis chartaceis vel firmiter membran- aeeis, ellipticis vel ovalibus, quam in specie sequente minoribus et brevius petiolatis, basi attenuata acutis vel obtusis.
Inflorescences borne in the axils of leaves on the stems or on short leafy branches, attaining 9 cm in length but often much shorter especially in the apical axils, usually and when mature probably always exceeding the petioles in length, the peduncles alone of the staminate and at least sometimes of the pistillate inflorescence exceeding the petiole : perianth- segments of staminate flowers 4, oval to oblong-ovate, about" 1.2 mm long, apiculate, the filaments and white anthers 'each about 1 mm long ; rudi- ment of ovary minute: perianth-segments of pistillate flowers 3, the intermediate about 0.8 mm long, half-inclosing the1 ovary, the laterals half as long or more ; staminodes inconspicuous ; -ovary obliquely ellipsoid or ovoid; about 0.6 mm long; stigma. capitate-penicillate; achene gibbous, nearly smooth, about 1 mm long.
Described by the collectors as herbs or shrubs; about 30 to 40 cm high, entirely glabrous : leaves opposite, the petioles of those of a pair some- what unequal, not exceeding 2.5 cm and usually much less, especially on the branches; lamina ehartaceous or firmly membranaceous, elliptic to
490
ROBINSON.
oval, those of a pair equal or subequal, the can line 5.5 to 10 cm long, 1.8 to 4.5 cm wide, those of the branches smaller, acute or obtuse at the base, the margins forming many shallow teeth, the apex forming an ’acumen 1.5 cm long or less: trinerved or somewhat triplinerved, the transverse veins between the costa and the ' nerves numerous, together with the reticulations conspicuous on at least the under .surface; cystoliths, few and never conspicuous on the upper surface; fairly abundant on the under, especially on the principal veins; stipules semicircular, 0.5 him long.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 736, 881: Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5398 Ramos; Rio Trinidad, Bur. Sci. 5566, 5553 (type) Ramos; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16045 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce. These collections are' very similar in general appearance, yet it is possible that they may hereafter require segregation, as in some the perianth-segments of the pistillate flowers are very nearly equal, and these have the leaf-bases acute, the others have the perianth-segments unequal and the leaf -bases are obtuse: however, there is con- siderable variation in the comparative length of the perianth-segments in different flowers in the same inflorescence. The species is fairly closely allied to the next, but easily distinguished by the different texture of the smaller' and shorter- petioled leaves, and the shorter inflorescences.
5. Pilea melastomoides Wedd. in Anri. Sci, Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 186.
XJrtica melastomoides Poir. Suppl. 4 (1816) 223.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data,, Merrill 4438, 4579: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4 4-12, 4456 Mearns, Bur. Sci. 8324 McGregor; Pauai to Baguio, Merrill 4784; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Elmer 6533, For. Bur. 4955 Curran: Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 9765 Robinson.
The identification is a somewhat doubtful one, though extremely close alliance is certain. Weddell 19 says of the species under P. trinervia Wight, to which he reduced- it, that while the peduncles of the staminate inflorescences exceed the petioles, those of the pistillate do not. This is not true of the Philippine plants, as in both cases the petioles are shorter than the peduncles, though themselves long. Moreover, the cystoliths of the upper surface of the leaves are wanting, unless they are represented by extremely numerous points very different from the typical cystoliths of the genus, which are abundant on the under surface. The collections are quite well represented by Wight’s figure20 of Pilea trinervia, and by that of P. oreophila Miquel.21
Java, probably also India and Ceylon.
6. Pilea robinsonii Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 880.
Herba succulenta, glabra, caulibus 1 ad 3 m longis reclinatis: inflores- centiis pistilliferis quam petioli multp brevioribus ; perianthii lobis 3, valde iiiaequalibus, intermedio ovarii marginem apice excepta anguste amplectente, lateralibus multo minoribus subinconspicuis, stigmate capitellato-penicillato ; acheniis compresso-ovoideis, marginem versus linea granulata eircumcinctis : f oliis deeussatim oppositis, paris petiolis
19 DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 127.
20 leones 6 (1853) pi. 1973.
21 FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) pi, 17.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
491
maequilongis, 8 ad 7 cm longis, laminis subaequalibus, ovalibus vel } ohlongo-ellipticis, 13 ad , 17 cm longis, basi acutis, margine basi excepta baud alte serratis, apice acuminatis, acumine gracile, serrato, triplinerviis, venis transversalibus admodum numerosis cum reticulationibus utraque pagina conspieufs, utraque pag'ina cystolithis creberrimis notatis; stipulis inconspicuis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Todaya, Elmer 101/87, 11758. Also •closely allied to P. melastomoides, differing from the Philippine plants here so identified by its .larger and differently shaped leaves with conspicuous, cystoliths on the upper surface, and by the much shorter pistillate inflorescences ; from typical P. mdlastomoides, as described by Blume,22 by having somewhat larger and longer-petioled leaves, which are not trinerved but tr-iplinerved. Weddell describes the leaves of P. Irinervia as trinerved, and they are figured by Wight as such, or very nearly so; in the present species tliey are very distinctly triplinerved.
Local name: salimbanguin.
7. Pilea rigida sp. nov.
Herba: inflorescentiis brevibus quam petioli breves brevioribus vel paulo longioribus ; perianthii pistilliferi lobis valde inaequalibus : foliis decussatim -oppositis, paris petiolis laminisque inaequalibus, his rigide chartaceis, ellipticis vel anguste. . ellipticis, basi utrinque subcordatulis, margine ima basi excepta serratis, apice acuminatis, trinerviis vel sub- triplinerviis, venis transversalibus numerosis cum reticulatione utraque pagina conspiGuis, cystolithis confertis, conspicuis.
Monoecious, the inflorescences not exceeding 7 mm in length, usually shorter, the peduncles very short or wanting : , staminate flowers in glom- erules, nearly sessile; perianth-segments 4, oval or ovate, 0.4 mm long, obtuse and often apiculate; filaments of similar length, anthers small, immature ; rudimentary ovary nearly circular, small : pedicels of pistillate flowers very short at anthesis, 'becoming about 0.5 mm long in fruit, the intermediate perianth-lobe lanceolate, obtuse, curved, about 1 mm long, .laterals ovate' acuminate, 0.4 mm long; ovary 'and achene gibboxis, the latter smooth, nearly 1 mm long ; stigma eapitate-penicillate. *
A glabrous herb, about 40 cm high, sparingly branched; the internodes angled when dry, ranging in length from 15 mm near the base to about 7 mm near the apex : leaves of a pair unequal both as regards lamina and petioles, the latter never exceeding 1 cm in length, the longer more often about 8 mm, the shorter about -4 mm; lamina rigidly char taceous, elliptic or, narrowly elliptic, the longer, lip to 5.5 cm in length and 1.8 cm in width, but more > often smaller, the shorter about half the size of the corresponding longer, very shallowly eordulate on both sides at the base, the margins regularly serrate, the apex forming a slender serrate acumen ; trinerved or when seen from below appearing somewhat triplinerved, the
22Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 55.
492
ROBINSON.
transverse veins numerous, and together with the reticulations and eys- toliths conspicuous on both surfaces ; stipules about 0.5 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Mount Dalemdim, at 1500 m elevation, Bur. Sci. 8181 Ramos. Allied to P. luzonensis Merr., but distinguished by its shorter internodes, and smaller, shorter-petioled, more rigid leaves.
8. Pilea luzonensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 48.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 279, 1129, s. n. : Prov- ince of Nueva Vizcaya, Caraballo Sur, Merrill 227: possibly also Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8753; Mount Tonglon, For. Bar. 11101 Whitford.
This species has great general similarity to P. scripta Wedd., but has very short peduncles, and the leaf-serration extends to the acumen; comparison with Indian material shows the following distinct difference in the venation. The veins from the midrib in P. scripta are interruptedly thickened, and at about two- thirds of the distance to the nerves are united by a somewhat definite though rather faint vein nearly parallel to the nerves : in P. luzonensis, the veins are of equal thickness or gradually fainter distally, there is no such connecting vein on any of the sheets cited except the very doubtful one from Mount Tonglon.
Endemic.
9. Pilea apoensis Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 882.
Planta succulenta, basi sublignosa, ramosa, glabra : inflorescentiis sub- eentimetralibus vel staminif eris ad mod um longioribus,, Ms quam petioli admodum longioribus, pistilliferis brevioribus ; floris pistilliferi perianthii lobis 3, valde inaequalibus ; achenio gibboso, sparse puncticulato : foliis membrauaceis paris saepius inaequimagnis, petiolis inaequilongis, usque ad 3.5 cm sed saepius, praesertim in ramis, multo brevioribus, laminis membranaceis'; ellipticis'vel elliptico-lanceolatis, -usque ad 8 'em longis et 3 cm latis, basi acutis, trmerviis vel tnplmervns, margine serrulatis, apice breviter acuteque acuminatis; stipulis parvis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Todaya, at 1725 m elevation, Elmer 11551.
Of our other species, probably most neatly related to those of the P. melasto- moides alliance, but not at all closely.
Local name: sogalum.
10. Pilea intumescens sp. nov.
Sublierbacea : inflorescentiis staminiferis brevibus, quam petioli bre- vioribus, . femineis adhuc ignotis : foliis deeussatim distichis, petiolis laminisque admodum inaequilongis, his lanceolatis vel elliptico-lanceo- latis, basi acutis, apice sensing angust,atis vel acuminatis, interdum fal- catis, marginibus.distanter serratis.
Staminate inflorescences- not exceeding 2 cm in length, shorter than the corresponding petioles, the peduncles 1 cm or less, the flowers loosely glomerulate, shortly pedicellate ; perianth-segments 4, elliptic or lanceo- late, 1.5 to 2 mm long; filaments 2 mm long, anthers cordate, suborbicuiar, 1 mm long ; rudiment of ovary minute.
Probably about 1 m high, the stem, in a dried state, very conspicuously
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
493
angled and annulate, the internodes swollen, about 1 to 1.5 cm long: petioles of leaves of a pair distinctly of unequal length, the lamina less conspicuously unequal, the petioles flattened, 1 to 5 cm long, the lamina lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,' 7 to 12 cm long, 1.8 to 3 cm wide, the base acute, the margins shallowly serrate except for a varying distance from the base, gradually contracted from below or about the middle to a slender apex or barely acuminate or falcate, membranaceous, both surfaces most thickly crowded with cystoliths, the under’ thereby glaucous, trip- linerved or almost trinerved, the veins connecting the midrib with the basal nerves usually very obscure, but on other leaves of the same plant well evident, the inferior anastomoses very inconspicuous ; stipules broadly triangular, 1.5 mm long, more or less persistent.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs, Clemens 1223. A very distinct species,, but of uncertain relationship, owing to the lack of pistillate flowers.
11. Pilea calcicola sp. nov.
Sueculenta, tota glabra, caespitosa: monoica, inflorescentiis brevibus: petiolis inaequalibus, pro rata longiusculis, lamina membranacea, tripli- nervia, ovata vel late ovata, dentata, acuminata; stipulis parvis.
Monoecious; the inflorescences solitary, more often paired, rarely in threes, slightly exceeding 1 cm in length or shorter, their peduncles up to 4 mm in length or flowered to the base, pinnately branching, the flower- bearing branches more or less fascicled, both staminate and pistillate flowers borne distichously on articulated pedicels which are slightly elongated after anthesis and then about 1 mm long: perianth-segments of staminate flowers 4, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; filaments flattened, dilated toward the base, about 1 mm long, anthers white, suborbicular, cordate and obcordate, about 0.5 mm in diameter; rudiment of ovary minute: lobes of pistillate perianth 3, unequal, the intermediate 0.75 mm long, oblong, cucullate, minutely apiculate, the laterals oval to lan- ceolate, 0.4 mm long, acuminate; staminodes small; ovary compressed, somewhat obliquely oval or ovate, 0.7 mm long; stigma vely small, sub- terminal, penicillate; achene light-brown, strongly tuberculate especially in the submarginal area.
A succulent, densely cespitose planf, the internodes of variable length from 3 to 22 mm and about 3 mm in diameter at the base, glabrous ■throughout : petioles varying in length from 5 to 28 mm, those of leaves of a pair distinctly unequal, the lamina less definitely unequal, ovate or broadly ovate, not succulent, membranaceous when dry, 14 to 30 mm long, 11.5 to 17 mm -wide, the base emarginate, rounded or greatly narrowed, the margins with usually 8 teeth, which are somewhat blunt ■and at least often glandular, apex acuminate,. the smaller leaves rarely almost entire; triplinerved, the nerves continuing for one-half to more than two-thirds the length of the . lamina, with 5 or 6 slender transverse
494
ROBINSON.
veins between them ancl the costa, these quite inconspicuous when dry ; both surfaces with numerous cystoliths; stiprdes very short, rounded- triangular. :
Luzon, Province of Rizal, Montalban, Bur. Sd. 9529 Robinson (type), Phil. PI. 51 Merrill, on limestone cliffs, both collections made at the same time from the same clump, Loher 6902.
Apparently very closely allied to P. celebica Miq., but Miquel’s description is too vague to permit very positive statement: the present species seems to have much smaller and shorter-petioled leaves, less conspicuously veined.
12. Pilea dataensis sp: nov.
Humilis, glabra: inflorescentiis quam petioli breves brevioribus; perianthio pistillifero hand valde inaequilobato : paris foliis inaequaliter petiolatis et inaequimagnis, laminis membranaceis, late lanceolatis vel ovatis, basi obtusis vel truncatis, margine dentatis, apice acuminatis vel subacutis, trinerviis; stipulis oblongq-lanceolatis, conspicuis. .
Pistillate inflorescences not exceeding 5 mm in length, few-flowered: perianth 3-lobed, the intermediate ovate, very shortly and obtusely acu- minate, about 0.7, mm l'ong, the laterals of about equal length but wider and hardly acuminate; rudimentary stamens sessile, ovate, about 0.5 mm long ; aehene compressed-ovoid, nearly 1.5 mm long, densely granular T roughened.
Low plants 15 cm high or less, entirely glabrous: leaves of a pair un- equal both as regards 'petioles and lamina, the former' never exceeding 1 cm in the larger leaves or 5 mm in the smaller, lamina membranaceous, broadly lanceolate to ovate, attaining 4 cm in length and 1,5 cm in width but often smaller, the smaller of a pair about two-thirds the length of the larger, the base obtuse, rounded, or subtruncate, the margins not deeply cut into from 8 to 11 usually very obtuse teeth, the apex gradually contracted and usually forming, an acumen from 2.5 to 7 mm long, tnnerved or barely triplinerved, additional veins rather few, usually about 6 or 7, both these and the reticulations fairly conspicuous on both sur- faces, cystoliths abundant on both surfaces; stipules oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3 tn 5 mm long.
Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mount Data, in mossy forest at 2100 m elevation, Merrill 4502. Of our species, nearest to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the stipules, achenes, and in many other ways ; differing from the next in the smaller size of plant and leaves, shorter stipules and petioles and other characters. Apparently a very distinct species.
13. Pilea sylvatica Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 879.
Pileae angulatae B'l. (P. stipulosae Miq.) valde affinis, sed differt inflorescentiis aliquando monoicis, stipulis adhuc longioribus (12 'ad 20 mm) saepius latioribus, et acheniis tuberculatip.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Todaya, Elmer 1169 S, 1151ft-
Local name : sigbut-tala.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
495
Weddell 23 appears to refer Urtica umbellata Blanco to U. umbellata Bory, on which his own Pilea umbellata, was based: the sign of equality comes at the extreme end of a line, and the meaning is therefore obscure. Urtica umbellata Blanco is not a Pilea, but I aporlea meyeniana (Walp.) Warb.
5. LECANTHUS Wedd.
Lecanthus peduncularis Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 164, pro parte.
Procris peduncularis Wall. Cat. no. 4634; Royle 111. Bot. Himal. (1839) pi. S3, fig. 2, sine descr.
' Lecanthus , wallichii Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 187, descr. gen. excl.; C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot, 26 (1899) 480..
Lecanthus wightii Wedd. 1. e., descr. gen. excl., non C. PI. Wright 1. c.
Elatostema ovatum Wight Ic. 6 (1853) 11, pi. 1985.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai to Baguio, Merrill 1/776; Pauai, Bur. Bci. 1/375, 1/3S2 Mearns; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 1601/8 Curran, Merritt cC- Zscholcke. Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo,' Copeland s. n., Elmer 11512.
The more important points relating to the history of this species' are as follows : Procris. peduncularis Wall. Cat. was a nomen nudum, and some of the plants were of this genus, the others Elatostema papillosum P Royle under the name of Procris peduncularis Wall, definitely figured the Lecanthus of, the Catalogue as having the pistillate perianth equally 4-parted ; there was no description, a note in the Index saying that it had been accidentally omitted. For this infor- mation, I am indebted to’ Mr. W. W. Smith, of Calcutta. Royle also figured P. obtusa, with 3-parted perianth. Elatostema ovata Wight, 1853, also shows the 4-parted perianth. 'However, in the succeeding year, -Weddell in establishing the genus Lecanthus described it as unequally 3-parted, and in this he has been followed by all more recent monographers of the family, and by all workers except Wright, who found that there were two distinct species, with the pistillate perianth of the one equally 4-parted, of the other unequally 3-parted. Upon E. ovatum Wight, Weddell, in 1854, based L. wightii, L. major he' based upon E. oppositifolium Dalz., L. wallichii was based upon the Wall. Cat. citation only, and is , thus; a nomen nudum. In the Monograph, Weddell included all under L. wightii, in the Prodromus under L. peduncularis, based upon P. peduncularis of both Wallieh and Royle, with P. obtusa Royle and E. ovatum Wight cited as synonyms; with varieties /3. wallichii, based on L. wallichii Wedd., and y. major, based on L. major Wedd. and E. oppositifolium Wedd. The segregation of species between the forms with the unequally 3-parted, and the equally 4-parted perianth was made by C. H. Wright, who adopted for the former the name L. wightii Wedd., citing as synonyms L. peduncularis Wedd. ex parte, E. ovatum Wight 'l, E. oppositifolium Dalz., and Procris obtusa Royle; for the latter L. wallichii Wedd. is used, the synonyms given being L. major Wedd.?, L. wightii Hook. f. ex parte, L. peduncularis Wedd. ex parte, Procris peduncularis Wall. ; Royle.
Wright’s segregation of the species is here followed: his nomenclature is not: the perianth of the Philippine plants is of the equally 4-parted type.
- Weddell considered Procris peduncularis to be published by Wallieh, but even in Royle there is no description, and more common present usage would hold the name as unpublished until 1869. If considered .published, it is for the species with the 4-parted perianth. The next combination is E. oppositifolium Dalz., who makes no reference to the perianth; from Wright’s synonyniy, it is' the species
23 DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 67.
24 Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. 5 (1888) 569.
496
ROBINSON.
with the 3-parted perianth. L. wallichii Wedd. in the Annales is P. peduncularis Wall, and nothing more, why then Weddell should have subsequently separated it even as a variety from P. peduncularis which is it, with the addition of other supposed synonyms, may remain a mystery.
But L. wightii can not be used for the species with the unequally 3-parted perianth: E. ovatum Wight is not doubtfully a synonym of L. toightii, but its sole basis, and as already stated, Wight both figured and described the other type of flowers.
If Procris peduncularis be considered to have been published by Royle, L. peduncularis will stand for the species which extends to the Philippines : for the other, following the synonymy, a. new combination will be necessary, based on Procris bbtusa Royle. If not, the oldest name for the former will be obtained by a transfer of Wight’s specific name: 'for the latter, again following synonymy, by a transfer of that of Dalzell. It is the pistillate perianth of the latter alone, which is described by Weddell, as well as in Genera Plantarum, Die E at iir lichen Pflanzenfamilien, Flora of British India, and Flora Indiae Batavae.
The only fbreign specimen available for comparison here is Henry 9738 A, from the Province of Yunnan, China: in flower and inflorescence it is an excellent match for the Philippine plants cited, but it is a' much more robust plant with larger leaves. Further segregation may possibly be necessary, but- it must be reserved for some one who has access to ail the types. On the two-species con- ception, the range of L. peduncularis is at least India and China ; the genus extends from the west coast of Africa to the Society Islands.
6. PELLIONIA Gaudich.
Polychroa Lour. FI. Cochineh. (1790) 559, has been doubtfully reduced by • Wright25 to Pellionia, and the description, while not conclusive, presents no obstacles, as far as it goes. If the two prove the same, Polychroa is the older by 36 years: the case is not covered by the list of nomina conservanda.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF PELLIONIA.
Inflorescences distinctly pedunculate „ — . 1. P. mindanaensis
Inflorescences sessile or greatly condensed *$£!...... - 2. P. sinuata
1. Pellionia mindanaensis sp. nov.
Glabra, inflorescentiis pedunculatis, divaricato-cymosis, multifloris ex- cep tis: perianth.ii pistil! iferi segmentis ,5, ovatis, corniculatis ; stamin- odiis snbulatis vel vetustioribus latioribus ; ovario ovoicleo : foliis mem- branaceis, valde inaequimagnis. margine saepissime grosse dentatis, apice longiter acuminatis, saepe admodnm falcatis.
Dioecious or sometimes- monoecious : ' pistillate inflorescences axillary, 4 to 8 cm long, the peduncles 1 1 to 2 cm long, widely branching, the flowers on short puberulent pedicels; perianth deeply 5-parted, the seg- ments somewhat unequal, ovate, puberulent, acuminate, bearing on the dorsal surface just below the apex a spur about 1.5 mm long, the longer segments in all 2.5 to 3 mm long; staniinodes 5, subulate, 0.4 mm long, but on old flowers wider" and' much longer ; ovary ovoid, glabrous, 1.5 mm long; staminate inflorescence similar to the pistillate; perianth
23 Jour n. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1899) 482.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
497
deeply 5-part ed, 2.5 mm long, the divisions oblanceolate to orbicular, their rounded apices bearing upon their dorsal surfaces spurs 0.3 ram long ; stamens 5, filaments 2 mm long, anthers 1 mm long.
Glabrous, except the inflorescences, 40 cm to 3 m high; leaves with petioles up to 5 mm in length or shorter or subsessile, alternate but often with accompanying more lateral than opposite greatly reduced' leaves of varying outline up to 4 mm long, the lamina of normal leaves mem- branaceous, variable in siHfe and shape, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate^ elliptic-danceolate or elliptic1 oblanceolate, 3. to 24 cm long, 1 to 8 cm wide, inequilateral and usually oblique, the base acute, entire, the margin above the middle more often coarsely dentate or with the teeth reduced or wanting, the apex forming a gradually tapering straight or slightly falcate caudate acumen ; lateral veins 3 to 9 ; both surfaces with linear cystoliths.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 900 (type) ; Mount Apo, Todaya, Williams 2634, Elmer 10 466 : Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 407, 430, s. n.
Local name: dadar.
Probably more closely allied to the next than to any. other previously described species.
2. Pellionia sinuata Boerl. Handl. Kenn. FI. Ned. Indie 3 (1900) 375.
Procris sinuata Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 511.
Elatostema sinuatum Hassh. Cat. Iiort. Bogor. Alt. (1844) 79.
Elatostema laeiniatum Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot; 1 (1908) 287.
* Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Elmer 9196; Atimonan, Whitford 630 f. Samak, Catubig River, Merrill 5205.
The identification is made through comparison with a sheet so named recently received from the Buitenzorg Botanical Garden, there cultivated, XI B (XlX) 30. No complete descriptions seem to have . been published, the species having been placed by Weddell among those imperfectly known. The Philippine plants show great variation in leaf-size, but in all essentials seem to be quite the same.
Java, Celebes.
7. ELATOSTEM ATOI DES gen. nov.
Pellioniae et Elatostemati affine; inflorescentiis haud involucratis, saepissime congestis, perianthio pistillifero alte quinquepartito, segmentis breviter vel haud acuminatis distinguendum : plantissaepe rigidis, foliis alternis veluno difforme valde reducto oppositis.
To the extreme difficulty of limiting correctly the species of the Ela- tosterna group, there is added an equally troublesome question regarding the genera. This has been definitely raised by Hallier,26 who reached the conclusion that the three, genera Pellionia, Procris, and Elatostema should be reduced to subgeneric rank under the last. He seems to confuse two quite different problems, whether there are three such genera with
23 Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 13 (1896) 300-316, pi. 25-27.
99454 3
498
ROBINSON.
well defined limits, and whether the limits assigned to them by Weddell and others are correct. He has been followed by Schumann' and Lau- terbach,27 who have gone so far as to describe a species whose “Bluten sind leider nicht entwickelt.” The examination of Philippine material has shown that the problem is a very .real one, and the conclusion herein reached is that these three genera are unusually distinct fof the family and readily recognizable almost at a glance, but that there is a group whose representatives known to Weddell were by him placed in Elatos- tema, though Hallier dealing with nearly allied species found that they traversed existing definitions and placed them in the subgenus Pellionia , Boerlage 28 later transferring them to the genus of that name. They are the species included in the genus here proposed as new, with additions.
Two sets of characters come into the discussion, the nature of the inflorescence, and that of the perianth of the pistillate flowers. In typical Elatostema, both the staminate and the pistillate flowers are inclosed in an involucre formed by bracts: in the simplest cases, this involucre consists of a single outer opposed pair, almost free from one another or united across their bases; with these alternate two other pairs; that is to say, one of these inner bracts is situated within and nearly opposite the margin of each of the two outer bracts. These four inner bracts normally incurve at their margins and divide the receptacle into four parts; bracteoles surrounding the flowers or groups of flowers are nearly always present. In more complex receptacles, the bracts become more and more united, and the number may be increased, but in the staminate, these six bracts can always be traced, in the pistillate it becomes difficult to trace more than two, or sometimes even one. The simpler arrangement of bracts is, in general, found in species with slender- peduncled receptacles, and probably indicates these as the more primitive forms.
In Pellionia, neither the staminate nor the pistillate flowers are in receptacles formed by bracts; in one of our species, there is a tendency, hardly more, for the pedicels to unite to form a receptacle, much as happens in the majority of our species of Laportea, but this is obviously a very different thing from the receptacle of Elatostema.
Finally, in Procris , the staminate flowers are in glomerules cymosely arranged, while the pistillate are upon a fleshy receptacle, exinvolucrate, or at most with a barely projecting rim. It is evident that these three genera can be positively determined from the inflorescence alone, if both sets of flowers be available, and that Elatostema ( can be distinguished by either alone: Procris and Pellionia have further a very distinct habit.
The case is strengthened when the pistillate flowers- are brought into
27Nachtr. FI. Deutseh. Schutzgeb. Stidsee (1905) 253-255.
28Handl. Kenn. FI. Ned. Ind. 31 (1900) 345, 346.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
499
the discussion. In the. species here placed in Elatostema (excepting, of course, those whose pistillate flowers are unknown), there is always a pedicel, rarely as much as 1 mm long but usually shorter, at the apex of which there is a cup-shaped perianth, with very short, rounded lobes, sometimes ciliate, but this last is a most inconstant character. Ap- parently these are treated by Stapf 29 as staminodes, but this interpreta- tion would involve the presence of staminodes at the base of an ovary raised upon a common pedicel, which is quite distinct from anything else in the family. So far as appearance goes, they might well be staminodes, the lobes are in most cases about 0.1 mm long, and number 3, they are often so little defined that it is difficult to be certain of the number, which may appear to be 2 or 4 ; in one case it was definitely 4 in flowers from a receptacle in which others were as definitely 3. This perianth is always present, and usually merely invests the extreme base of the ovary, rarely it reaches one-third or even one-half of the length of the latter ; in two species, flowers were found whose perianth appeared quite typical, but on closer inspection, it proved that the lobs were infolded and that when outspread they were nearly as long as the achene, but this was of so little importance that other flowers in the same receptacles were quite typical. Staminodes, in such flowers, must be conspicuous unless extremely minute : I have probably not found them in any species, though in a very few cases minutes spots were seen adhering to the base of the ovary: in E. stracheyanum , Weddell describes them as longer than the perianth.
In Pellionia, the pistillate perianth is 4- or 5-parted, usually about as long as the ovary but' sometimes distinctly shorter, and its divisions are further terminated by a spur of similar length. This spur varies slightly in its position, even in a single flower, being usually distinctly dorsal just below the- apex of the wider sepals, or separated from the apex by a minute rim, or quite terminal: it is superficially the most conspicuous thing in the flower.
In Procris , the perianth is so deeply parted and widely spreading that it becomes mechanically very difficult to allocate its divisions to the corresponding ovary or achene ; these divisions are 3 or 4, as long as the ovary or considerably shorter than it, and always lack the spur of Pellionia. They can not be mistaken for those of either that genus or still less of Elatostema, indeed they more nearly resemble those of some species of Pilea. Staminodes are probably wanting.
If this were all, no generic difficulties should arise. But Weddell included in Elatostema a very few species, of which E. manillense Wedd. may be taken as typical, in which the inflorescence is often very con- densed but not contained in a bract-formed receptacle, where the pistillate perianth is 5-parted, at the most very shortly acuminate, and where short
Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. II 4 (1894) 231.
500
ROBINSON.
staminodes are present. Field as well as herbarium experience has testified to the accuracy of this statement regarding the involucre, though the specimens so seen were immature. If these are retained in Elatos- tema, no one character is left upon which to maintain, the separation of the genera. Furthermore, if An&rosyce is kept as a subgenus instead of a genus, the best of all the characters is lost.
It is significant that in Weddell’s enumeration of the species of Elatostema in the Prodromus, writing there with his fullest knowledge of the plants, the only species definitely recorded as having a 5-parted pistillate perianth is E. rostratum Miq., to which he there reduced E. ma- nillense as a variety. He states that he had seen only staminate flowers of the latter : how very accurately he interpreted its alliance is shown by the fact that our sheet of Cuming 786 , on which it was based, has1 pistillate flowers, and they have the inflorescence and perianth of E. rostratum. In other words, they have a very distinctive habit. There is little room for doubt that the very group under consideration is responsible for the exception made by Weddell in his statement of the number of perianth- divisions in Elatostema.
The group, which occasioned Hallier’s difficulties, is similar but somewhat different, for no one of the 6 Bornean species described by him under his subgenus Pellionia is typical of the genus of that name. The pistillate flowers are described in 3 species as in capitula, or “subcapi- tatim congesti,” the perianth is 5-parted: the other species are clearly in the same alliance. But these differ from the E. manillense group in that the staminate inflorescence is long-pedunculate, though the flowers are not collected in an involucrate receptacle. We have a similar ease in Merrill 5269, from Bucas, an island northeast of Mindanao. The dif- ference seems no more Serious than that between the sessile and peduncled receptacles of Elatostema, or between the lax and the condensed cymes of different species of Pellionia. In these aberrant cases, the pistillate inflorescence is so condensed that it has the appearance of a receptacle, but the most ordinary care is sufficient to show that none is present.
Neither of these two groups can be placed in Elatostema , as they lack its two distinctive characters, though they most nearly resemble it in habit, while sufficiently distinct even in that. If existing definitions are to be followed, they more nearly go into Pellionia, and it may well be a matter, of opinion whether the conception df that genus should be enlarged to include them, in which case they would make a distinct' sub- genus'with two definite divisions, or whether it is better to place them by themselves. The latter course has here been followed, owing to the distinctive perianth, the greater condensation of at least the pistillate inflorescence, and the different habit.
There is another consideration of a somewhat different nature. There is much temptation to consider Procris the most primitive genus of the
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
501
four, with, its simple pistillate perianth, absence of involucre, and its few species distributed over a wide area, these more difficult to limit specifically even than the horde belonging to Elatostema: but the receptacle points in the opposite direction. On the' other hand, it would be no great transition for the condensed cyme of Elatostematoides to pass into the, receptacle of Procris, or the looser cyme of Pellionia, the pistillate perianth, intermediate between that of Erocris and of Pellionia might develop in either direction; from any point of view, Elatostema is the most distinct, but the most probable origin would be through Erocris. Should the common ancestor of all four be now extinct or still to be discovered, then . it is more probable that Elatostematoides lies between it and Pellionia.
The staminate flowers, as distinguished from the inflorescence, afford no characters : an unfortunate statement in the Pflanzenfamilien,30 ' referred to by Hallier, that those of Pellionia are “3teilig,” does not assist. It may well have been a typographical error : at any rate, it is not true..
While the present discussion is. based chiefly upon Philippine species and the descriptions of those of other countries, the courtesy of the Director of Agriculture, Buitenzorg, has enabled me to examine speci- mens of 5 of the 6 Bornean species to which reference has been made.
-The type of Elatostematoides is Elatostema manillense Wedd.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OE ELATOSTEMATOIDES. ■
Staminate inflorescences sessile or shortly pedunculate.
Strongest nerve of at least the narrower side of leaves inserted well above base.
Leaves large, at least 12 cm long. — 1. E. manillense
Leaves small, not exceeding 10 cm — ... 2. E. mindanaense
Strongest leaf ’■nerves basal or subbasal.
Leaves 2.5, to 5 'cm wide . — . , 3. E. laxum
Leaves not exceeding 2 cm in width... 4. E. rigidum
Staminate inflorescences on long slender peduncles..:— 5. E. graoilipes
1. Elatostematoides manillense (Wedd.) comb. nov.
Elatostema manillense Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 189.
Elatostema rostratum var. manillense Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 179.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Pamplona, Bur. Sci. 7 495 _ Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Cuming 786; Infanta, Bur. Sci. 93J/5 Robinson. Polillo, San Francisco, Bur. Sci. 6942, 6943 Robinson. Panay, Dumarao, Merrill 6710. Mindanao, Prov- ince of Misamis, Bliss River, For. Bur. 4698 Mearns & Hutchinson: Subprovince of Butuan, Waloe, Merrill 7283. It is hardly too much to say that no one of our collections referred to this genus is an exact match for any of the others, the specimens cited for this species differing in the extent. of the pubescence, and more or less in the shape and serration of the leaves, the Mindanao plant being the most distinct. 'The character used in the key, taken from the venation, seems natural, and at once separates the species from E. rostratum.
Elatostema polioneurum Hallier f. is a very close ally of this species, differing
502
ROBINSON.
from some of the collections here cited less than they differ from one another. If the present disposition of the Philippine plants were considered final, the Celebes species would be cited as a synonym : but for the venation, its resemblance to E. laxum is equally great.
2. Elatostematoides mindanaense sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis staminiferis brevibus, . cymoso-paniculatis, pistilliferis exinvolucratis, sessilibus, perianthio 5-partito ovarium paullo superante : foliis oblique oblanceolatis vel elliptico-oblanceolatis, basi inaequilatera acutis vel subobtusis, margine serratis, apiee longiter acuminatis.
Staminate inflorescences axillary, less than 1 cm long, cymose-panicu'- late, shortly peduncled, the pedicels about 2 mm long ; perianth-segments oblong-oblanceolate, 2- mm long, obtusely and shortly acuminate, ciliate; the filaments slightly longer, the anthers 1 mm long: pistillate inflores- cences axillarjq often crowded, exinvolucrate, simulating a -receptacle, 2 to 3.5 mm in diameter; the flowers on pedicels about 1 mm long; perianth deeply 5-parted, the segments broadly oblanceolate, 0.7 to 0.8 mm long, barely acuminate or corniculate, pilose and somewhat densely ciliate; staminodes present but minute; ovary compressed-ovoid, slightly shorter than the perianth; achenes tuberculate; stigma small, penicillate.
Plants somewhat rigid, 13 to 40 cm high, simple or somewhat branched, the stems somewhat densely 'pubescent especially at the apex: leayes alternate, .the petioles 1 to 3 mm long, the lamina obliquely oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, 3.5 to 10 cm long, 6 to 25 mm wide, chartaceous or firmly membranaceous, the base inequilateral, one side usually pro- duced beyond the other, acute or subobtuse, the margins dentate except at the base, the apex forming a slender dentate acumen 5 to 20 mm long; main nerve of the wider side arising about 1 mm from the base and only obscurely connected with the succeeding 4 or 5 veins the lowest of which are equally prominent ; main nerve of narrower side arising 5 to 10 mm from the base and continued into the acumen, with a much fainter subbasal nerve which forms frequent connections with it ; under surface pubes- cent at least on the veins, upper glabrous, both with numerous cystoliths; stipules 4 to 7 mm long, linear-lanceolate, very acutely acuminate.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Catalonan, Copeland 935 (staminate), 936 (pis- tillate, type). The staminate plants are larger with larger leaves.
3. Elatostematoides laxum (Elmer) comb. nov.
Elatostema laxum Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 465.
Inflorescentiis haud involucratis ; staminiferis , brevibus; pistilliferis
globosis, sessilibus sed haud receptaculum efformantibus, floribus pedicel- latis, braeteatis, perianthio alte 5-partito, segmentis lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis, usque ad 1 mm longis, non vel brevissime acuminatis; apice aliquando ciliatis, ovario subaequalibus, staminodiis minutis, stigmate penicillato : foliis alternis, oblique' lanceolatis vel ovatis, basi obtusis vel
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
503
uno latere acutis, margine basi vel usque ad medium excepta dentatis vel serratis, apice longiuscule et subfalcatim acuminatis, e basi trinerviis.
Negros, Province of Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 10331 (type collection) : Province of Negros Occidental, Himugaan River, Whitford 158Jf. Leyte, Palo, Elmer 1270. Neither of the other collections is a perfect match for the type.
This, on vegetative characters, is very close to Elatostema mesargyreum Hallier f., as represented by a sheet of the type collection, the only notable dis- tinction being the presence of very greatly reduced subopposed leaves on the Bornean plant. It is pistillate, and as only the staminate inflorescence and flowers were described by Hallier, it is worth stating that the pistillate are quite as here described for Elatostematoides. Both of the Philippine collections, other than the type, are staminate : the inflorescence is a condensed cyme, very different from that described and figured by Hallier for E. mesargyreum.
The alliances are very accurately stated in the original description, as it is more closely allied to Elatostema rostratum Miq. than to the other Philippine species. Comparison with Javan material shows it to differ in the much coarser reticula- tion of the less numerously toothed leaves.
4. Elatostematoides rig id urn (Wedd.) comb. nov.
Elatostema rigidum Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 320.
Samar, Cuming 1671f. Negros, Province of Negros Occidental, Himugaan River, Whitford 1655. Cuming’s specimen having been staminate, it should be added that the pistillate inflorescences are sessile, exinvolucrate, the perianth 5-parted, not mueronate, but ciliate, exceeding the ovary, and that staminoles are present. The Negros collections are an excellent match for the cotype.
5. Elatostematoides gracilipes sp. nov.
Inflorescentiis staminiferis in pedunculis longiusculis graeilibusque suffultis, aliquando parce ramosis, glomerulis parvis, paucifloris, exinvol- ucratis; inflorescentiis pistilliferis sessilibns, parvis, exinvolncratis, per- ianthio alte 5-parti±o, achenio subaequali: foliis alternis, firmiter mem- branaceis, lanceolatis ad oblanceolatis, basi obtnsis vel uno latere aeutis, margine supra medium dentatis, apice acuminatis.
Staminate inflorescences on slender pubescent peduncles usually 15 to 25 mm long, usually bifurcate and sometimes further divided, the glomerules up to 3 mm in diameter, bracted. at ' the base but not truly involucrate, pedicels short, bearing a whorl of bracts below the flowers: perianth-segments 5, oblong-ovate, 0.8 mm long, ciliate: pistillate in- florescences sessile, greatly condensed but not forming a receptacle, exinvolucrate; perianth deeply 5-parted, the segments linear-lanceolate, 0.8 mm long, barely acuminate but with .a tuft of cilia at the apex; staminodes minute ; ovary compressed, ovoid, nearly as long as the perianth; stigma short, penicillate.
Sufcratescent, about 50 cm high, the stems distinctly woody, widely branching, especially toward the apices densely pubescent : leaves alternate, subsessile, the lamina membranaceous but firm, lanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes broadly, 2 to 4 cm long, 8 to 13 mm wide, rarely opposed by
504
ROBINSON.
similar but greatly reduced leaves, obtuse or sometimes on one side acute at the inequilateral base, the margins above the middle shallowly serrate or dentate, the apex forming an obtuse mucronate acumen ; upper surface glabrous but with conspicuous cystoliths, the under densely fulvous- pubescent on the veins with less conspicuous cystoliths; main nerve of the narrower side arising about 5 mm from the base, of the wider about 1 mm from the further-produced base; stipules acicular from a triangular- ovate base, in all about 6 mm long.
Bucas, on cliffs in semi-shaded ravines at 15 m elevation, Merrill 5269. Allied to the Bornean species, as already indicated, but not at all to be .confused with any of them.
The following extra-Philippine species are referable to this genus.
1. Elatostematoides thibaudiaefolium (Wedd.) comb. nov.
Elatostema thibaudiaefolium Wedd. in Ann. Sei. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 188.
Elatostema rostratum Miq. in Zoll. Syst. Verzeichm ( 1854-1855) 102, non
Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. Alt. (1844) 79.
The synonymy follows both Weddell and Miquel,31 each accepting' the other’s name in preference to his own. The ruling of the Vienna Congress that an older name has to be valid in order to preclude its later use, would introduce additional complications. Again following both Weddell and Miquel, Elatostema rostratum Hassle, is the same as Procris rostrata Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. (1825) 510, which they both reduce to Pellionia elatostemoides Gaudich. Freyc. Voy. Bot. (1826) pi. 119. If the reduction is correct, Blume’s name is the oldest for that species, but whereas he cites Javan localities only, Miquel credits the species to the Moluccas only, while Weddell also omitting Java though saying that he had seen the speeies in Mus. Lugd.-Bat., ascribes the plant to the Moluccas, New Guinea, Fiji, and the Marquesas. A reexamination of the collections is necessary before displacing Gaudichaud’s name.
2. Elatostematoides pictum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) pictum Hallier f. Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 13 (1896) 300.
Pellionia picta Boerl. Handl. Kenn. FI. Ned. Ind. 3 1 (1900) 375.
3. Elatostematoides robustum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) robustum Hallier f. 1. c. 302, pi. 25, fig. 2.
Pellionia robusta Boerl. 1. c.
4. Elatostematoides vittatum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) vittatum Hallier f. 1. c. 303, pi. 26, fig. 1.
Pellionia vittata Boerl. 1. c.
5. Elatostematoides insigne (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) insigne Hallier f. 1. c. 304, pi. 26, fig. 2. ■
Pellionia insignis Boerl. 1. c.
6. Elatostematoides mesargyreum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) mesargyreum Hallier f. 1. c. 305, pi. 21, fig. 2.
Pellionia mesargyrea Boerl. 1. c.
FI. Ind.. Bat. 1= (1859) 242.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
505
7. Elatostematoides falcatum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema ( Pellionia ) falcatum Hallier f. 1. c. 305.
Pellionia falcata Boerl. 1. c.
8. Elatostematoides machaerophyllum (Hallier f.) comb. nov.
Elatostema (Pellionia) machaerophyllum Hallier f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6
(1898) 355.
Pellionia machaerophylla Boerl. 1. c.
9. Elatostema polioneurum Hallier'f. ex Koord, in Meded.’s Lands. Plant. 19 (1898) 595; Boerl. Handl. Kenn. FI. Ned Ind. 31 (1900) 375, nomen nudum.
No new combination is here proposed, both because the species does not seem to have been described, and because of its close alliance to E. manillense, under which it is briefly discussed. The statements here are not based on Hallier’s type, but on a collection by Teysmann, from Amboina, which the Director of Agriculture, Buitenzorg, has kindly permitted me to* inspect.
8. PROCRIS Commers. ex Juss.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OE PROCRIS.
Leaf-venation very obscure, except the conspicuous costa.
Receptacles about 5 mm in diameter ; leaves rarely as much as 2 cm wide.
1. P. philippinensis
Receptacles 7 to 15 mm diameter; leaves wider — '*** — s 2. P. lagunensis
Leaves conspicuously 6- to 11-veined.
Stems woody at base; leaves 10 to over 20 cm long, their margins entire or merely undulate; pistillate receptacles sessile 3. P. pseudostrigosa
Stems succulent; leaves usually shorter, their margins distinctly crenate.
4. P. crehata
1. Procris philippinensis sp”. nov.
Procris laevigata Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 49, non Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 508.
Glomerulis staminiferis pedunculatis ; capitulis pistilliferis sessilibus, solitaries: foliis oblique lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatis, basi acutis vel uno latere obtusis, venis utrinque costa excepta inconspicuis.
Staminate inflorescences ‘6 to 30 mm long, the slender peduncles up to 2 cm long, sparingly branched, few-flowered, the flowers very shortly pedicelled; perianth-segments 5, oblong to ovate, 2.5 mm long, obtuse; filaments equally long, inflexed, anthers 1 mm long, cordate: pistillate inflorescences sessile, solitary, when dry about 5 mm in diameter, the flowers very numerous, sessile, bracted; perianth 3-parted to the very base, the sepals obovate, contracted below into a claw, obtuse, very shortly acuminate, nearly as long as the achene; achene obovoid, 1.2 mm long, tuberculate ; stigma short, subterminal.
•Erect or scandent on trees, glabrous, Stems succulent, 30 to 80 mm long, 'the intemodes in the leaf-bearing part about 1 cm long, often distinctly zigzag : larger leaves with petioles 2 to 8 mm long, the lamina succulent but drying membranaceous or chartaceous, 4 to 9 cm long, 6 to 22 mm wide, obliquely narrowly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or
506
ROBINSON.
oblanceolate, acute or sometimes on - one side obtuse, at the usually distinctly inequilateral base, the margins entire or more rarely toothed near the apex, which is contracted into a slender or only comparatively wide obtuse falcate acumen up to 2 cm long; smaller leaves often present and opposite or nearly opposite the larger, narrowly elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm long ; costa distinct, especially on the under surface, mature leaves at the most barely showing the lateral veins ; both surfaces with cystoliths; stipules short, triangular, obtuse.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3884 (type)- Polillo, Aluyon, Bur. Sc i. 9246 Robinson. The first grew erect on cliffs at an elevation of 1000 m, the second was scandent, but almost at sea-level. The species seems quite distinct from P. laevigata in its sessile and solitary pistillate inflorescences, as well as by the obscure leaf-venation.
2. Procris lagunensis sp. nov.
Praeeedenti similis, sed differt eapitulis pistilliferis multo majoribus, usque ad 15 mm diametro et foliis oblongo-ellipticis, saepius latioribus.
Staminate inflorescences similar to those of the preceding species : the pistillate sessile, solitary, 7 to 15 mm in diameter when dry, the flowers very numerous, sessile ; perianth parted almost to the base, the segments' 4, oblong-lanceolate, about 0.7 mm long; achenes about 1 mm long, obovoid, hardly compressed ; stigma short.
Plants glabrous, scandent on tree, the upper internodes strongly zigzag : . petioles 3 to 6 mm long, the succulent lamina oblong-elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, 6. to 11 cm long, 21 to 38 mm wide, acute on both sides of the inequilateral base, the margins entire, the apical acumen obtuse and less than 1 cm long ; lateral veins at most barely visible, perhaps 6 to 8 pairs.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, at an elevation of 200 m, Bur. Sci. 9687 {type), Bur. Sci. 9718 Robinson, gathered a few weeks apart from different plants epiphytic upon the same tree; these will be further duplicated by collections of students of the Philippine Agricultural College, made on the same occasions. Closely allied to the last, from which it may prove not to be separate.
3. Procris pseudostrigosa Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 284.
Arbuscula, saepe epiphytica, glabra: inflorescentiis staminiferis 4 ad
10 cm longis, cymoso-paniculatis ; eapitulis pistilliferis sessilibus, multi- floris, perianthii segmentis 4, fere usque ad basin liberis, oblanceolatis, circiter 1 mm long, ovarium subaequantibus : foliis modice petiolatis, oblongis ad oblanceolatis, basi inaequilatera acutis vel subobtusis, api'ee acuminatis, venis utrinque 7 ad 11.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 10949 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7500 (type collection). Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6910. Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 10746: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 330, s. n., (possibly) 744-' Subprovince of Butuan, Waloe, Merrill 7284. The type, which was staminate, is well matched by the Apo and some of the Lanao specimens, which are both staminate and
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
507
pistillate. Others of the Lanao .collections are less typical. The species is allied to P. pedunculata (Forst.) Wedd., but seems to differ from it in several characters. Teysmann 13980, from Papepekong Bonthain, Celebes, bearing a name of Hallier’s, which does not seem to have been published, is very' similar to this, differing so far as the material affords means of comparison chiefly by somewhat smaller leaves. The. Butuan plants have the leaf-veins up to 17 in number and conspicuous stipules, but otherwise agree well with the type.
4. Procris crenata sp. nov.
Tota glabra, caule succulento, tumefacto : receptaculis pistilliferis pedunculatis ; perianthio admodum inaequaliter trilobo : foliis submem- branaceis, ellipticis vel anguste oblongis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis, mafgine crenatis, venis utrinque 6 ad 8.
Pistillate inflorescences solitary or in fascicles of 2 to 4, the peduncles when mature up to 6 mm long, when dried -0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, the receptacles about 4 mm in diameter, rather many-flowered, not surrounded by bracts but with bracts among the flowers; perianth some- what unequal, one lobe suborbicular,' about 0.3 mm long, the other two ovate, rather shorter; achene about 1 mm long, broadly elliptic to ovate in outline, tuberculate.
Plants from less than 30 cm to over 45 cm high, the stem very succulent and swollen, when dried 3.5 to 7 mm wide : leaves alternate, the petioles 3 to 5 mm long, the dried lamina submembranaceous, elliptic, elliptic- lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 4.5 to 15 cm long, 8 to 45 mm wide, distinctly or only slightly inequilateral at the base, the margins crenate,
- the crenations about as many as the Veins, the apex .contracted into an acumen, usually obtuse, about 7 to 10 mm long; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 6 to 8, conspicuous, other venation inconspicuous except for a few veins nearly parallel to the primary ones.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, Bauco, at 1400 m elevation, Vanoverbergh 635 (three collections ) . The species seems very distinct, more nearly allied to P. pseudo- strigosa Elmer than to any of our others, but differing from it in almost every character not of generic importance except the venation. The receptacles have even a superficial resemblance to those of LeucosyJce, the perianth is remarkably short for the genus, resembling that of Pilea.
SPECIES EXCLUSAE. .
1. Procris ‘erecta Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 707.
Conocephalus erectus F.-Villar Noviss. App. (1880) 203.
Procris grandis Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 337.
Conocephalus grandifolius Warb. in Perk. Fragm. FI. Philip. (1904) 167.
Even from the description, it is sufficiently clear that Blanco’s species is a ■Conocephalus, the local name cited makes it certain. Villar’s transfer, the name not being preoccupied, must stand unless the species be found synomymous with one of older date. The difficulty is to positively identify it; but the only notable obstacle I can find to the abipve disposition is that Blanco says that the leaves are villose on both surfaces. This is not true of herbarium specimens here, though some are pubescent on the under surface. But there are so many points of
508
ROBINSON.
agreement, that until Conoeephalus is very critically studied, Conoeephalus gran- difolius Warb. may be held to represent G. erectus (Blanco) F.-Villar.
Procris grandis Wedd. was based on Cuming 1730, from Samar, but wrongly localized as from New Guinea until Rolfe’s correction:32 the specimens were staminate. Both from the description, and from the comparisons made at Kew by Mr. Merrill, it has been very strongly suspected of being a Conoeephalus, and this opinion has been confirmed by a recent examination of the type, made at Kew, though no opinion is expressed on the reductions here suggested, owing to the lack in that, herbarium of type material of the other species.
2. Procbis violacea Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 706.
Conoeephalus violaCeus Merr. in (Philip.) Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. 27 (1905) 80.
G. ovatus Tree, in Ahm Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill 8 (1847) 88.
C. suaveolens F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 203, non Blume Bijdr. (1825) 484.
The second name should stand for this species.
9. ELATOSTEMA Forst.
The original generic description of : Elatostema apparently was drawn, according to the statement of the authors themselves,33 from one plant, and the genus was placed in Monoecia Pentandria. They describe or perhaps rather indicate, at least they 'name two species. The ■ first is Elatostema pedunculatum, the second E. sessile, and the only distinction given, apart from that contained in the specific names, is that the former is pentandrous, the latter tetrandrons. By 'all authors of the last half- century and more, the former is regarded as a Procris, the latter has only too much history in Elatostema as now understood. The generic description, “Cor. quinquepartita . . . Stam. Filamenta quinque,” un- fortunately leaves no doubt as to which of the two must be considered the type of the genus. The figure of the staminate flower shows it as pentamerous: those of the pistillate flowers are quite inconclusive, being correct for the ovary of either Procris or Elatostema, but showing no perianth, which both possess ; the figure of the flowering pistillate recep- tacle is perhaps better for Elatostema, that of the fruiting is surely taken from the Procris. The name, drawn from the elastic stamens, would be appropriate for either. On any logical interpretation of generic types, Elatostema is typified by Pro cris pedunculata (Forst.) Wedd., which would necessitate a transfer of the comparatively few species of Procris to Elatostema, while for the genus now known under the later name it would be necessary to take up Langevaldia Gaudich. The generic names are here retained according to traditional usage.
Some notes as to the characters of specific importance in the genus may be useful, the limits having previously been discussed under Elatoste- I matoides. Historically, venation has probably played the most important part, and there can be no doubt of' its value. The great difficulty in its use is the extent to which it may vary upon the same plant, never
32 Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 215; Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22 (1886) 229.
33 Forster, J. R. & G. Char. Gen. PI. (1776) 105, 106, pi. 53.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
509
essentially, but in such a way as to make it an extremely difficult thing to describe in exact terms, and with rare- exceptions it is quite unsuited to the requirements of a key. It is probable that, the final ultimate line of separation will be made on the nature of the staminate receptacles. These show a gradual increase in complexity, with increasing coalescence, but have a definite typical structure, which it is often difficult to follow in the more complicated species, but which seems always to be present. This is the presence of an outer pair of opposed bracts, each having at each margin and interior to them another bract, the latter more often infolded and inclosing the flowers : in addition to these 6 outer bracts there may be and in the majority of cases are others. As regards the peduncles, the evidence of Philippine species is that they furnish good characters, but have to be handled with discretion. One type possesses very slender peduncles of varying length, but usually comparatively long: in other cases some of the receptacles are sessile with others on the same plant shortly peduncled. In the latter cases, the explanation is often merely that of age, in others the difference is real, but such pe- duncles are usually comparatively stout, due no doubt to the fact that the plants or at least the receptacles are of large or more than average size. The fact that one plant has peduncled staminate receptacles while another otherwise alike has sessile pistillate ones, is of no distinctive value at all : about half of our species have peduncles to the staminate receptacles, while they are found for the pistillate in only a very few species.
The bracts of the receptacles are nearly always more or less keeled, rarely almost forming a wing: this keel in a majority of cases becomes free at or below the apex of the bract, and the free portion may protrude well beyond the apex of the bract itself. This is often a very striking character in the field, but is more difficult to use in the herbarium, and is open to two qualifications. It is not unusual for the outer bracts to be very definitely corniculate, and the inner to show this to a much less extent: and the great difficulty is with the species where short spurs are present but hardly extend beyond the general outline of the bract. Again, it is in the staminate receptacles that this is best shown. The flowers seem valueless, except that the pistillate indicate the genus with precision. The staminate develop -successively, accordingly in even the fewest- flowered receptacles, it is often possible to find one on a long pedicel, one or two more subsessile and smaller, others minute. The pistillate are practically monotypic, except that the achenes' often develop striae, but these may not be shown by ovaries from the same receptacle. The pres- ence of the two kinds of receptacles on the same or different plants is of no systematic value : it is possible to look over hundreds of plants of a species with only one kind, then to find others with both. Statements in the text should be interpreted in this light. Some species of which
510
ROBINSON.
many individuals have been collected have only one kind, but it is probable that every species may be both monoecious and dioecious. In one case, both kinds of flowers were found in one receptacle, but this was not even true of other receptacles on the same plant: a few species are known with both kinds of receptacles at the same node, in the only case of this seen in Philippine plants, the next nodes had one kind only. The terminal acumen is regularly used and although it is often possible to find on the same plant some leaves where it is well developed and others whose, apices, are nearly obtuse, it is often useful. The serrations In a great majority of species vary on the same leaf, the lower being very acute, the upper various : yet they are very useful in separating species by the eye : the stipules are very useful, but are deciduous in many species ; the cystoliths are often but not always very characteristic. The following key, intended partly as an aid to field-study and partly to indicate the real differences between the species, has been framed in part on somewhat artificial characters : these have not been used except when they seemed to separate species otherwise distinct. In citing affinities, the difficulty is to de- termine from description which characters are of greater importance.
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OP ELATOSTEMA.
1. Staminate receptacles borne on slender peduncles, unknown in E. obovatum and E. variabile, at least their outer bracts corniculate, or in E. glaucescens and E. clelicatulum distinctly acuminate, in E. carinoi not corniculate.
2. Plants erect or creeping only at base; leaves medium-sized, only smaller leaves of a plant or leaves of reduced plants as short as 4 cm, usually 7 to 10 cm long, or even more.
3. Staminate bracts corniculate.
4. Stems entirely glabrous.
5. Leaves ovate to obovate .IBB.:..— 1. E. luzonense
5. Leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate 2. E. variabile
4. Stems pubescent.
5. Apical leaf-tooth lanceolate or ovate, forming a distinct acumen, basal
auricle short, not overlapping stem. •.... 9. E. simulans
5. Apical tooth triangular or much wider than long, hardly or not ex- tending beyond general leaf -outline ; basal auricle wide, overlapping
stem 10. E. obovatum
3. Staminate bracts not corniculate iLh..... 28. E. carinoi
2. Creeping plants.
3. Leaves medium-sized, 7 to 11 cm long 3. E. longipechunculatum
3. Leaves small, only occasionally as much as 4.5 cm long, never caudate- acuminate.
4. Stems retrorsely spinulose or tuberculate; venation pinnate.
4. E. pinnatinervium
4. Stems glabrous or obscurely retrorsely pilose; leaves triplinerved.
5. Leaves oblanceolate to pbovate .‘....i.SsB 5. E. filioaule
5. Leaves lanceolate to ovate ; ~ 6. E. inaequifolium
4. Stems antrorsely pilose or setose; leaves triplinerved, except partly in E. heterophyllum and E. cheirophyllum.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
511
5. Upper surface of leaves with numerous evident cystoliths.
6. Stems rather densely pubescent; upper surface of leaf channeled by principal veins; stipules lanceolate, aciculate.. 7. E. heterophyllum
6.' Stems less densely pubescent; leaf-surfaces plane; stipules oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or apiculate ..... 8. E. cheirophyllum,
5. Upper surface of leaves destitute of conspicuous cystoliths.
6. Staminate receptacles rather few-flowered, bracts with slender acu- mens; leaf-serrations very obtuse 11. E . delicatulum
6. Staminate receptacles often many-flowered, bracts with rather short thick acumens ; leaf-serrations acute or subacute 12. E. glances cens
1. Staminate receptacles sessile or on short stout peduncles, unknown in several species; pistillate receptacles sessile or subsessile, except in E. whitfordii.
■ 2. Plants weak, creeping.
3. Stems glabrous :. 13. E. pulchellum
3. At least the apex of the stem pubescent.
4. Leaves 4- to 6-plinerved, lower side strongly aurieled at base, very slightly or not overlaping costa ; vein-anastomoses frequent, con- spicuous on upper surface 14. E. acrophilum
4. Leaves triplinerved, both sides acute at base or lower slightly aurieled; anastomoses inconspicuous or wanting.
5. Serrations small, 2 to 5 on a. side, only the very smallest leaves entire
or 1 -toothed 15. E. microphyllum
5. Leaves entire or with a single subapical tooth on one or both sides.
16. E. oblanceolatum
4. Leaves quite or almost penninerved, one side of base acute; other rounded,
whole margin more numerously serrate...'. 17. E. philippinense
4.. Base of wider side of leaf obliquely projecting across petiole and semi-
hastate toward narrower side 18. E. hastatum
2. Plants erect or suberect, stems usually more or less succulent, never woody.
3. Outer bracts of staminate receptacles distinctly corniculate, spurs project- ing well beyond outline of bract.
4. Plants unarmed; leaves gradually contracted into a slender acumen.
5. Leaves very definitely triplinerved.
6. Stems glabrous.
7. Stipules linear-lanceolate, very acute, 4 to 7 mm long.
19. E. viridescens
7. Stipules broader and less acute, 10 to 15 mm long.
20. E. bcmahaense
6. Stem-apex and leaves pubescent or even scabrous.
7. Stipules lanceolate, over 1 cm long.
8. Leaf -teeth acute, crowded 21. E, palawanense
8. Leaf-teeth coarser, spreading, more widely separated.
22. E. lagunense
7. Stipules 3 to 5 mm long 23. E. lanaense
5. Leaves almost or quite penninerved.
6. Cystoliths minute, inconspicuous except on veins of upper surface; whole leaf-margin with fairly deep obtuse teeth.
17. E. philippinense
6. Cystoliths linear, conspicuous but hardly crowded, serrations shal-
lower, more acute, wanting at base 24. E. scriptum
4. Stems, margins and veins of under surface of leaves with abundant stingless bristles; leaves abruptly acuminate 25. E. spinulosum
512
ROBINSON.
3. Outer bracts of staminate receptacles not or very slightly corniculate.
4. Leaves pinnately veined; pistillate receptacles peduneled.
. 26. E. whitfordii
4. Leaves triplinerved ; pistillate receptacles sessile or subsessile.
5. Leaves distinctly acuminate.
6. Stems glabrous or somewhat pilose at the apex.
7. Stipules large, at least 4 mm long, often much more.
8. Basal leaf -auricle very, strongly developed 27. E. edule
8. Basal auricle not or not strongly developed 28. E, carinoi
7. Stipules inconspicuous, 1.5 to 2.5 mm lo.ng 29. E. angustatum
6. Stems densely pubescent, at least at the apex.
7. Mature leaves chartaceous or subchartaceous ; teeth on wider side rarely as many as 15.
8. Upper leaves usually greatly narrowed; stipules persistent.
30. E. apoense
8. Upper leaves similar to rest; stipules less persistent.
31. E. longifolium
7. Mature leaves membranaceous; marginal teeth more numerous.
8. Stem-pubescence retrorse 32. E. plumbeum
8. Stem-pubescence antrorse 33. E. contiguum
5. Leaves not or barely acuminate; stems pubescent.
6. Leaves not variegated, upper surface with crowded cystoliths.
7. Venation coarser, on wider side usually continuous, marginal
teeth about 20 ...L.- 34. E. obtusiusculum
7. Venation delicate, usually not continuous, marginal teeth usually
10 or less.... .- 35. E. brongniartianum
6. Leaves variegated; upper surface Avith scattered cystoliths or. none.
36. E. variegatum
^ . Plants erect, the stems woody or nearly so.
3. Terminal leaf-tooth short, merely continuing the general outline of the leaf -apex.
4. Leaf serrate nearly to the narrowed base, teeth on wider side usually
8 or 9 .......iiis, — 37 . E.benguetense
4. Leaf-teeth above middle, none to 4 on the wider side, which is not con- tracted at base 38. E. podophyllum
3. Leaves distinctly acuminate.
4. Stipules not exceeding 4 mm long.
5. Pubescence of. stem and veins of under surface of leaves appressed;
marginal teeth almost always 2 ..1 : 39. E. halconense
5. Pubescence longer and more spreading; teeth more numerous.
6. Veins of wider side 3 or . 4, teeth 5 or 6, rarely found below middle
of leaf - 40. E. sublignosum
6. Veins of wider side 5 or 6, teeth 9 to 14, extending below middle of
leaf 41. E. ba/ruringense
4. Stipules at least 7 mm long 42. E. integrifolium
1. Staminate receptacles on long basal or subbasal peduncles 43. E. scapigerum
1. Elatostema luzonense sp. nov.
Receptaculis staminiferis graciliter peduneulatis, bracteis corniculatis, floribus itetraineris : receptaculis pistilliferis peduneulatis vel sessilibus : foliis siecis nxembranaceis, lanceolatis ad obovatis, basi acutis ad rotun-
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
513
datis, margine tertia inferiors parte excepta dentatis, apice breviter vel mediocriter acnminatis.
Staminate receptacles on slender peduncles usually about 15 mm. but up to 56 mm in length, the receptacles up to about 8 mm in diameter but usually smaller : outer pair of bracts semicircular, free from one another except at the base, distinctly corniculate, 3 to 4 mm long, glabrous or more or less short-pilose, the next pairs shorter and less corniculate, suborbicular ; bracteoles linear-oblanceolate, pedicels varying with age, the flowers when fully mature exserted; perianth very deeply 4-parted, the segments ovate to lanceolate, about 2 mm long; filaments of equal length, the anthers about 1 mm long: pistillate receptacles sessile or on short peduncles, solitary, paired, or even fascicled, oblong to orbicular in outline, up to 8 mm in their greatest diameter, the outer bracts similar to those of the staminate but strongly fused with one another and the inner, being free only at the corniculate apex, inner lanceolate ; bracteoles oblaneeolate, ciliate; flowers shortly pedicelled; perianth about 0.1 mm long, with 3 rounded lobes; achene about 0.7 mm long, brown, longitud- inally striate ; stigma penicillate.
Erect, except at the base, the stems single or especially in somewhat drier situations tufted/simple or much less often branching, 10 to 50 cm high, glabrous but marked with cystoliths : leaves alternate or very rarely opposed by. others greatly reduced, the dried lamina membrana- ceous, lanceolate to obovate, the size and probably somewhat the outline varying according to the habitat, the upper nearly always much larger than the lower, from 1 to 9 cm long, 7 to 33 wide, most often near the average of these figures, also with some still smaller, .the base inequi- lateral, on the broader side rounded or subauriculate, on’ the narrower acute to subobtuse, the margins except in the basal third or less on the wider and farther on the narrower side somewhat coarsely dentate, the teeth from 6 to 9 on the wider and rather fewer on the narrower side, usually obtuse except the' lowest, the terminal tooth from broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, continuing the general outline of the leaf- or distinctly acuminate, usually obtuse, both surfaces often sparingly pilose, marked with ■ cystoliths, triplinerved, with 3 to 5 additional veins, the finer reticulations usually very inconspicuous ; stipules lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 mm long.
Luzon, District of Bontoc, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 829: Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 6514: Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Merrill 421S: Prov- vince of Bizal, Montalban, Bur. Sci. 6135 (type), 9531, 9532, 9544, 9652 Robinson, Phil. PI. 264 Merrill; Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3360 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1096 Ramos; San Francisco, Marave 33; Malapadnabato, Bur. Sci. 12121 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 11843 Robinson.
The Malapadnabato collections, made in bulk, have greatly strengthened faith in the value of pedicelled staminate receptacles as a valid character, but indicate 99454 4
514
ROBINSON.
the opposite for the pistillate. They have further completely linked together what had seemed to be two distinct species. A further possible result of Ramos’ find is that this may solve the puzzle of Dorstenia pubescent Blanco, as Malapad- nabato is only separated from Pasig by the river: the habit stated by Blanco is still an obstacle.
The species approaches the polymorphic Indian E. surculosum Wight, many of whose variations it parallels. But the subopposed reduced leaves so characteristic of that species are very rare in E. luzonense, being found on about 5 per cent of perhaps 400 plants examined for the purpose, and even in these it was normal on three stems ( not plants ) only, on the others confined to one or two nodes : moreover the leaves are more often not glabrous, although this is best seen on fresh material. As E. luzonense seemed to come even closer to E. sikkimense . Clarke, material then considered very representative was sent to Calcutta, and Mr. W. W. Smith, to whom I am greatly indebted for this and much other valuable assistance, considered it sufficiently distinct, E. sikkimense being two to three times larger, with the leaves larger, quite glabrous, and much more dis- tinctly acuminate, and with very long peduncles. The more recent collections have shown E. luzonense to be still nearer to E. sikkimense than originally sup- posed, but I still consider it distinct.
A collection not above cited, Bur. Sci. 1095 Ramos, Bosoboso, Rizal, has the stems densely substrigose, but has no staminate receptacles, so that -a definite opinion is deferred : so far there seems nothing but the pubescence to prevent its inclusion in E. luzonense. • E. lanaense is very similar in habit, but differs in several ways. ■
2. Elatostema variabile sp. nov. (Plate I, Yol. VI.)
Receptaculis pistilliferis sessilibus, mediocribus, brapteis marginem versus solum liberis, triangulari-lanceolatis vel triangulari-ovatis, corni- culatis vel aeumiuatis; floribus typicis: foliis membranaceis, difformibus, saepissime anguste oblohgo-lanceolatis, sed etiam oblanceolatis vel oblongo- ovatis, margine integris, vel irregulariter obscureque undulatis, vel obscure vel subgrosse dentatis, saepe basim versus lobatis, subpinnatinerviis vel triplinerviis.
Pistillate receptacles sessile, attaining 1 cm in diameter, the bracts fused except toward the margins, the outer nearly similar to the others, trian- gular-ovate to triangular-lanceolate, free for about 2 -mm, ciliate on the margins, bracteoles, linear-oblanceolate, 2 mm long, densely ciliate; perianth minute, 3-lobed; achene ellipsoid, about 0.8 mm long, about 8-striate.
Plants erect except at base, 20 to 50 cm high, the vegetative parts glabrous : leaves subsessile, the lamina when dry thinly membranaceous, from 10 cm long and 15 him wide to 2.5 cm by 13 mm, extremely variable, most often narrowly oblong-lanceolate, but also narrowly lance- olate, oblong-ovate, or obovate, the costa straight or curved, the base distinctly ineqifilateral, farther produced on the wider side, rounded, obtuse, or subobtuse, the margins entire, or obscurely and irregularly wavy, shallowly or for the size of the leaf coarsely serrate, the teeth numbering from 1 to at. least 10, the distance of the lowest tooth from
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
515
the- base varying from 7 to 35 mm, the lowest tooth of the broader side often projecting beyond the general outline so that the leaf appears lobed, the teeth usually extremely shortly acuminate, the apex never projecting beyond the general outline of the leaf, but contracted at each of the apical
2 or 3 teeth when these are present, in entire leaves gradually tapering, minutely apiculate, except for this the terminal tooth varying in shape from narrowly lanceolate to semicircular; sometimes definitely tripli- nerved/but the nerves, especially on narrower leaves except the lobed ones, little longer than the succeeding veins, the arched connections forming a distinct lateral vein; both surfaces with fairly long cystoliths: stipules lanceolate, acute, 2.5 to 4 mm long, deciduous.
Luzon, District of Bontoe, Bauco, in forests at 1650 m elevation, Vanoverbergh 828. The specific name is descriptive, even for Elatostema, it being difficult to characterize the leaves in words that would not include half the species of the genus. Staminate' receptacles have not yet been collected, but it is very probable that the alliance is with the species with which it is here placed, having peduncled receptacles with corniculate bracts.
3. Elatostema longipedunculatum Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 886.
Repens, ramosum : infloreseentiis staminiferis pedunculis gracilibus
sparse pilosis 1 ad 3 cm longis suff ultis ; bracteis exterioribus orbiculari- ovatis, inaequalibus, 3 ad 5 mm longis, corniculatis ; floribus pentameris, perianthio corniculato, dorso sparse piloso, ciliato : infloreseentiis pistil- liferis sess-ilibus; bracteis exterioribus lanceolatis, 2 mm longis, ciliatis cum aliis interioribus corniculatis, his pilosis ; floribus adhuc juvenilibus : foliis brevissime petiolatis vel subsessilibus, oblique oblanceolatis vel ellipticis, 7 ad 11 cm longis, 2 ad 2.7 cm latis, basi obtusis vel uno latere acutis, margine basi excepta admodum grosse dentatis, apiee in acumen dentatum subbicentimetrale productis, triplinerviis, venis utrinque 4 ad 6 subtus antrorse pilosis, aliter glabris vel obscure pilosis ; stipulis
lanceolatis, acuminatissimis, 6 ad 8 mm longis.
\
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, at 1,800 m elevation, Elmer 11593.
4. Elatostema pinnatinervium Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 286.
Caespitosum, subereetum vel subdecumbens, 5 usque ad 25 cm altum,
caulibus subretrorse tuberculatis : infloreseentiis staminiferis pedunculis
3 ad 6 mm longis suffultis, paucifloris, bracteis exterioribus corniculatis : infloreseentiis pistilliferis sessilibus ; bracteis corniculatis ; perianthio minuto: foliis submembranaceis, oblanceolatis ad obovatis, superioribus saepissime longioribus, 1.5 ad 2.5 cm longis, 6 ad 15 mm latis, pin- natinerviis, venis dentibusque utrinque 5 ad 9.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9193 (type collection) ; Anoling River (Infanta), Bur. Sci. 9323 Robinson, the former pistillate, the latter a slightly more delicate plant with staminate flowers also.
Very distinct from any other described Philippine species, but it is probably the closest alliance of Bur. Sci. 9195 Robinson, 'from Mount Malulud, Polillo,
516
ROBINSON.
sterile, witli extremely variable leases, the terminal linear-lanceolate, li to 7 cm long. The further relationship is alsoS obscure, but they may well approach nearest to the very imperfectly known E. filicoides Seemann, of Fiji.
5. Elatostema filicaule sp. nov.
Repens, caulibus gracilibus, glabris vel apice obscure retrorse pilosis : receptaculis staminiferis-pedunculis gracilibus suffultis, paucifloris, brac- teis corniculatis ; receptaculis pistilliferis ignotis : foliis parvis, membrana- ceis, oblique oblanceolatis ad obovatis, basi latere inferiore subauriculatis, latere superiore acutis, margine dentibus 1 vel 2 obtusis instructis.
Staminate inflorescences solitary, on slender, glabrous peduncles 1 to 2.5 cm long; receptacles 2 to 4 mm in diameter; outer pair of bracts, lance-ovate, including the spurs about 3.5 mm long, ciliate along the midvein; inner pairs much smaller, less than 2 mm long, elliptic-lan- ceolate, apiculate; flowers few (4 to 6), shortly pedicelled, very unequal in size, the perianth-segments 4, orbicular, of the largest about 2 mm long, the dorsally placed spur nearly 1 mm long; filaments about 1 mm long, the anther-cells 1.5 mm long, free except near the insertion: pis- tillate receptacles unknown.
A slender, creeping jfiant, simple or less often sparingly branched, the stems mostly 10 to 20 cm long, glabrous or toward the apex with scattered reflexed hairs : leaves subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, obliquely oblanceolate or oboyate, 2 to 12 mm long, 2 to 6 mm wide, the lower frequently- reduced, the upper margin acute at the base, nearly straight and forming one subapical tooth, the lower margin produced into a short rounded auricle at the base, 1- or 2-toothed, the apical tooth of the leaf broadly rounded or barely apiculate, margins of the sinuses often over- lapping at least at their bases ; the upper surface more or less -pilose and with fairly numerous, comparatively long cystoliths, the under surface glabrous except rarely along the veins, and destitute of cystoliths; triplinerved, additional veins on each side 1 or 2 ; stipules linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, in mossy forest at about 2100 m elevation, Merrill 6621. Among Philippine species, resembling only the next two, E. inaequifolium being easily distinguished by the different shape of the leaves, and E. heterophyllum by the very different dentation and the pubescent stems.
6. Elatostema inaequifolium Elmer Leaf. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 887.
Repens, simplex vel ramosum, glabrum, 10 ad 20 cm longurn : in-
florescentiis staminiferis pedunculis gracilibus 5 mm ad 1 cm longis suffultis, 3 mm diametro, paucifloris, bracteis exterioribus orbieulari- ovatis, acuminatis, brevissime corniculatis, floribus tetrameris: inflores- centiis pistilliferis sessilibus,' 2.5 mm diametro’, bracteis ' exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis, parce ciliatis, brevissime corniculatis; perianthio obseurissime trilobato, minuto ; ovario compresso-oblanceolato, leviter striato : foliis subsessilibus, membranaceis, lanceolatis vel ovatis, valde
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
517
inaequimagnis, 2 ad 20 -mm longis, 1 ad 8 mm latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis vel latere angustiore acutis, lateris latioris margins 2- vel 3- dentatis, angustioris 1- vel 2-dentatis, apice in acumen obtusum integrum protractis, tri-triplinerviis, lateris angustioris nervo basali, latioris ad- modum altius inserto, venis paucis tenuisslmis ; stipulis ineonspicuis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, at 1725 m elevation,' Elmer 1151i5. This is allied to the last, and has .also much the appearance of E. miorophyllum and E. acrophilum, whose staminate receptacles are unknown so that they may belong rather with the present species than with the group in which they are placed. From all three, it can easily be distinguished by the leaves.
7. Elatostema heterophyllum sp. nov.
Repens, radicans, eaulibus dense pilosis: reeeptaculis staminiieris pedunculatis, paucifloris, bracteis exterioribus cornieulatis : reeeptaculis pistillif^ris sessilibus : foliis parvis, discoloribus, submembranaceis, obo- vatis velovalibus, marginibus grosse vel modice 1- vel 2-dentatis vel in- tegris.
Apparently always dioecious: staminate receptacles upon slender, suc- culent, glabrous peduncles 2.5 to 15 mm long; bracts almost free, .the outer pair suborbicular, 3.5 to 4 mm long, tbe conspicuous keel produced into a spur, pilose on the spur, densely so on and near the margins, and sparingly between; the intervening two pairs shorter and proportionally narrower, otherwise similar; flowers 6, on glabrous pedicels up to 2.5 mm, subtended by a single oblanceolate bracteole about 2.5 mm long, densely ciliate at the apex and sparingly so on the margins; perianth-segments 4, oval, one or more of them spurred, about 2 mm long, sparingly pilose near the apex ; filaments flattened, about 2 mm long, anthers less than 1 mm long : pistillate . receptacles sessile or subsessile (peduncles not over 0.5 mm), 3 to 4 mm in diameter; formed by 12 or more nearly similar bracts, free except at their bases, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-mm long, densely ciliate on the margins; young flowers shortly pedicelled; perianth minute, sometimes ciliate; ovary 0.4 mm long; stigma penieillate.
Slender, creeping plants 6 to 12 cm long, the stems densely ferruginous- or white-pilose: leaves subsessile, the lamina almost ohartaceous, strongly or slightly inequilateral, in general outline obovate or orbicular, 1.5 to 17 mm long, 1.-5 to 9 mm wide, the base on the upper side rounded or some- what acute, on the lower extending about 1 mm beyond that of the upper, forming an auricle, overlying the petiole and sometimes slightly project- ing on its upper side, entire on both margins, on the upper only, or on neither, the teeth of the upper margin never more than one, of the lower margin usually one, but sometimes two, in size ranging from mere dis- continuity to coarse teeth 2 mm wide, the margins of the sinuses, the extreme base excepted, making about a right angle with one another, leaf-apex nearly always rounded except on leaves dentate on both sides, then forming an ovate or lanceolate acumen, obtuse or subacute ; upper
518
ROBINSON.
surface dark-green, sparsely pilose especially near the margin or nearly glabrous, marked with conspicuous cystoliths, the under surface pale- green, setose on the principal veins, lepidote but destitute of cystoliths ; more or less tnplmeryed, but on the lower side the nerve little longer or even shorter than the 1 or rarely 2 more apical veins, the nerve of the upper side usually definitely longer than the single succeeding vein; stipules lanceolate, about 1 mm long.
Negbos, Canlaon Volcano, in forests at 900 to 1200 m elevation and on cliffs and boulders in damp shaded ravine at 1320 m, Merrill 6911.
8. Elatostema cheirophyllum sp. nov.
Repens, radicans, caulibus pilosis : receptaeulis staminiferis pedun- culatis, paucifloris, bracteis exterioribus corniculatis : receptaeulis pisti- liferis sessilibus : f oliis parvis, . submembranaeeis, obovatis, marginibus 1- ad 3-dentatis vel rarissime integris.
At least sometimes monoecious: staminate receptacles upon slender glabrous peduncles 6 to 7 mm long; bracts about 3 mm long with short subapical spurs, glabrous or obscurely ciliolate, the -outer nearly orbicular, the apex ' broadly rounded or subtruncate, the inner pairs lanceolate ; flowers about 6, pedicels of different lengths in same receptacle, probably attaining 3 mm in length; perianth-segments 4, oblong to ovate, the outer 1.5 mm long, corniculate, the inner somewhat shorter : pistillate receptacles sessile; bracts lanceolate to ovate, pilose, shortly corniculate or acuminate, about 1.5 mm long; pedicels about 0.5 mm long, perianth- segments 3, ovate, obtuse, a little exceeding , 0.1 mm in length; achenes brown, in outline oblong-oblanceolate, about 0.6 mm long.
A creeping, rooting plant, with pilose stems usually a little less than 10 cm long : leaves with petioles 1 mm long or less, the submembranaceous lamina obovate, usually 8 to 13 mm long and 4.5 to 7 mm wide, but many much smaller, the base of the upper side acute, that of the lower extend- ing beyond the upper, hardly forming an auricle, rounded or almost acute; smaller leaves often- entire or nearly so, but the larger with 1 or .2 teeth on the upper margin and 2 or 3 teeth on the lower, the teeth coarse for the size of the leaf, the general directions of the sinuses making an angle of from 10 to 45 degrees, the apical teeth obtuse, the lower often acute, the terminal tooth oblong to ovate, very obtuse or barely acuminate ; upper surface with conspicuous cystoliths, the lower lepidote, pilose on the veins, without cystoliths ; triplinerved, but the nerve of the lower side little longer than the succeeding, additional veins 1 or 2, rarely 3 ; stipules oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, nearly 2 mm long, subpersistent, obtuse or apiculate.
Negbos, Province of Negros Occidental, Himugaan River, Whitford 1595 Whit- ford & Everett. A species closely allied to the preceding, with which future collections may possible unite it, but in general appearance much more nearly
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
519
resembling E. pulchellum, a glabrous species with sessile male receptacles. The leaves of E. cheirophyllum, except in the cuneate base, have much resemblance to a hand with short stubby fingers.
9. Ela.tostema simulans sp. nov.
Basi solum radicans, caulibus rigidiusculis, densiuscule setosis : recep- taeulis staminiferis pedunculis gracilibus glabris suffultis, paucifloris ; bracteis exterioribus liberis, corniculatis : receptaeulis pistilliferis ses- silibus, bracteis exterioribus numerosis, liberis ; perianthio minuto : foliis chartaceis, admodrim parvis, oblique oblanceolatis ad obovatis, margine ima basi excepta dentatis.
Monoecious or dioecious : staminate receptacles white, yellowish when dry, 2.5 to 5 mm in diameter, borne on glabrous peduncles 8 to 20 mm long, outer pair of bracts free from one another, orbicular, about 4 mm in length, ciliate on the' apical half of the margins, the strong dorsal keel produced into a short spur hardly overtopping the bract; succeeding two pairs of bracts obovate, 3 mm long, with less definite keels and spurs, otherwise similar to the outer; bracteoles several, similar to the bracts but narrower; flowers few, on glabrous pedicels ultimately about 2 mm long; perianth-segments 4 or 5, suborbicular, the dorsal spur1 almost as long and sometimes pilose ; filaments and anthers each about 0.6 mm long : pistillate receptacles sessile, 2 to 3' mm in diameter, the bracts nearly or quite free, numerous, stellately arranged, the outer pair ovate, 1.5 mm long, the inner narrower, all more or less pilose, acuminate; flowers shortly pedicelled; perianth minute; ovary ellipsoid, about 0.5 mm long, the penicillate stigma long-pilose.
Creeping at the base, but the stems erect or suberect, not exceeding 1 mm in diameter but almost woody, simple or very rarely branched except at the base, quadrangular, densely setose toward the apex, below glabres- cent: leaves shortly petioled, the lamina chartaceous, obliquely oblan- ceolate to obovate, 4 to 43 mm (usually 15 to 25 mm) lohg, 3 to 20 mm wide, the base of the upper side narrowed, rounded at its insertion on the petiole, the lower side of the base, produced about 1 mm below the upper, forming a short auricle; both margins cut from shortly above the base into from 9 to 13 teeth, or on small leaves fewer, even’ to 3 or 4, the lower teeth acute, the upper obtuse but apiculate, the sinuses acute, the terminal tooth ovate, 2 to 3 .mm long; the upper surface glabrous but crowded with conspicuous cystoliths, the under surface destitute of cys- toliths but setose or pilose on the veins ; stipules ovate, 2 mm long, acuminate.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bayombong, Bur. Sci. 8145 Ramos: Prov- ince of Laguna, Los Banos, Hallier s. n. A plant with great superficial similarity to species of the E. sessile group, but sharply distinguished by its slenderly peduncled male receptacles.
520
ROBINSON.
10. Elatostema obovatum Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 190; Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 326; DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 188; Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Fil. (1886) 256.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, C'alauan, Cuming 628. This is probably not the type collection. In the original description, there is no reference to locality or collector,; in the Monograph (Archives), Cuviing 52 is alone cited, but that number is a fern, Polypodium dolichopterum Copel. ; in the Prodromus, the cita- tions are “Callery, Cuming, n. 52 et 628;” Vidal separates this as Cuming 628 and Cqllery 52. I believe that he was correct and that Gallery’s collection was the type : this I have not seen, nor can I match Cuming’s specimen by any recent collections. The staminate receptacles are unknown, our specimen, like those studied by Weddell, having only the pistillate.
11. Elatostema delicatulum Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 190.
E. glaucescens /3. delicatula Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 325.
E. obtusum ft. delicatulum Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 6 1 (1869) 187.
? E. obtusum Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1. e., quoad philippinense ; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 204.
? Dorstenia pubescens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 692, -non Forst. f. Prodr.- (1786)
11.
E. delicatum Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 467.
Luzon, Province of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 8018 Ramos: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1092 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Eallier s. m, Bur. Sci. 9897, 9898, 9921 Robinson; Mount Maquiling, Phil. PI. 296 Merrill; Lilio, Bur. Sci. 6011 Robinson. Negbos, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 1 0843 (cotype of E. delicatum ) .
This species and- the next, almost certainly distinct, present problems of ex- ceptional difficulty. No collection is specified in the original description of E. delicatulum : in the Archives, where it is made a variety of E. glaucescens, there first described, those cited are not discriminated between species and variety. In the Prodromus, E. delicatulum is transferred as a variety to the Indian E. obtusum, the collectors are given as Callery and Barthe, and a collection by Barthe is cited under typical E. obtusum. For E. glaucescens, the collections cited are Commerson (presumably given to Commerson by Sonnerat, who was in La- guna), Callery, and Cuming 629. Cuming’s number is also the type of E. brongniartianum Wedd., but our sheet contains two species, undoubtedly those intended by Weddell. Dr. Gagnepain, of the MusSum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, has compared Bur. Sci. 6011 with the type of E. delicatulum, and considers it the same. The conclusions reached here, after study both in herbarium and field, are that Barthe’s plants, not seen by me, may well have been different stages of the same species, that E. delicatulum is closely allied to E. glaucescens, and while very similar vegetatively to E. obtusum, is quite distinct from it in the pistillate receptacles. On the last point, possible differentiating characters .suggested by the descriptions are that the pistillate receptacles of E. obtusum are peduncled,34 that the bracts of the staminate receptacles are ovate and glabrous, and the leaves never oyer 12.5 mm in length. In E. delicatulum, the pistillate receptacles are sessile, the pilose "bracts of the staminate are lanceolate, the leaves while variable in length usually exceed the limits noted for. E. obtusum. However, Mr. W. W. Smith, of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, to whom what is considered very typical material of E. delicatulum had been sent, writes that he can not see much difference between it and their Indian types of E. obtusum, as
Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. 5 (1888) 573.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
521
far as the leaves and the male plant are concerned. The peduncled female re- ceptacles are a better distinction, the question remaining as to their validity as a specific character. In E. luzonense, as previously stated, it seems of no value. He has further sent me a specimen of E. obtusum, Duthie 3383, Kumaon, west Himalayas, and while I can n'ot but agree as to the vegetative similarity, with the addition that it is even nearer E. filicaule, the pistillate receptacles do seem quite distinct. . The pedicels are so short that little emphasis can be laid on them, but the receptacles themselves are very different. The bracts are pubescent but very much less so than in E. delicatulum, the achenes seem to be solitary, and are from nearly 2 ,mm to 2.5 mm long. Should the two species be held identical, E. delicatulum is the older name. Procris obtusa Wall. Cat. is presumably a nomen nudum, and Elatostema obtusum Wedd., so far as the Ann. Sci. Nat. is concerned, being based on it alone, can have no higher status. E. delicatulum comes two places lower on the same page, but has a sufficient description.
As regards E. glaucescens, the plants on Cuming 629 belonging to it can be distinguished by their color, and have excellent matches in Whitford 1 7 which contains the same mixture as that of Cuming, and in Yoder 226: my collections do not show the color character, but have no other differentiating features.
On the question of the distinctness of E. delicatulum and E. glaucescens, there is much room for difference of opinion, and the following field observations may be of assistance. Both, at least as here interpreted, grow in considerable abun- dance, on rocks, sometimes wet, sometimes fairly dry, in many places on both branches of the Dampalit gorge, near Los Banos : both may be found on the same rock, though this is unusual. Ordinarily, E. delicatulum, is well described by the name, the leaves are pale, their dentations very obtuse, indeed, many leaves are entire; all staminate receptacles found contained very few flowers, with the lanceolate bracts slenderly acuminate: E. glaucescens is more robust, with thicker, darker-colored leaves, and the dentations are acute ; their staminate receptacles were always larger, the bracts somewhat broader, still acuminate, but more shortly and stoutly: Weddell, on the contrary, describes them as few-flowered. It is further to be noted that in drying the leaf-dentations of E. delicatulum may shrink until it is very difficult to distinguish them from those of E. glaucescens : there is room for suspicion that variation in moisture conditions may have been responsible for these differences in the living plants, but apparently E. glaucescens preferred the moister situations, so far as any differences could be observed.
Of the very close alliance of E. delicatum and E. delicatulum there is no doubt. Vegetatively, they are quite the same, and the staminate receptacles are very similar, but not identical.
Some of those of E. delicatum are distinctly longer-peduncled and more pilose, larger with longer bracts; on the other hand, they are older than any of E. deli- catulum available for comparison : the pistillate receptacles of E. delicatum, when collected, may yield distinguishing characters, but at present it does not seem advisable to keep them apart. The latest collections still further diminish the difference.
From its description, this is the best disposition of Dorstema pubescens Blanco. Elatostema luzonense has very i recently been found near Pasig, whence Blanco obtained his plants, and is another probability, but the size assigned to them would better suit E. delicatulum.
12. Elatostema glaucescens Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 325; DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 187.
E. sessile var. brongniartianum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 48, pro parte, quoad Whitford 174, pro parte.
522
ROBINSON.
Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Norzagaray, Yoder 226: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, IT hit ford 174 in part : Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 629 in part; Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 9896, 9920 Robinson ; Mount Maquiling, Phil. PI. 295 Merrill: Province of Rizal, Jalajala, Bur. Sci., 11895 Robinson & Ramos.
13. Elatostema pulchellum sp. nov.
Dioicum : pusillum, caulibus simplieibus vel subsimplicibus, glabrum : reeeptaculis sessilibus, paucifloris; staminiferorum bracteis et perianth!! segmentis comiculatis ; pistillifexorum perianthio pro genere longiusculo saepe inflexo: foliis admodum parvis, membranaeeis, saepius' obovatis, triplinerviis, margine 1- ad 4-dentatis.
Apparently always- dioecious : staminate receptacles sessile,, the outer pair of bracts broadly oval or suborbicular, 2.5 to 3 mm long, keeled and corniculate, the margins cili'ate-serrate or entire : inner bracts similar but much smaller ; flowers, few, subsessile ; perianth-segments 4, subor- bicular, 1.5 mm long, obtuse, corniculate; stamens 4, filaments less than
1 mm long, anthers white, oval, 0.8 mm long, the cells contiguous1 at both extremities : pistillate receptacles sessile or on extremely -short peduncles, few-flowered; bracts free except at the base, about' 2 mm long, acuminate, pilose, the outer ovate, the inner oblong or oblanceolate; pedicels stout in proportion to the minute flower, about 0.5 mm long; perianth-segments 3, appearing in young flowers as typical in the genus, ovate, rounded, but at least often with the apical half incurved upon the lower j in older flowers straightening, often inclosing one- third or more of the achene,’ the apex always obtuse, never corniculate; ovary not striate; the achene longitudinally striate, brown, 0.8 to 1 mm long.
A weak plant, with glabrous stems, the leaves of the lower nodes usually reduced or wanting: leaves subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, oblanceolate, obovate, or nearly oblong, the reduced ones excepted 7 to 30 mm long, 4 to 9 mm wide, usually strongly inequilateral, minutely punctate, the base of the upper side acute, above the base straight or moderately, curved, with 1 or much more- rarely 2 teeth, when 2 the lower usually minute, acute, and appressed; lower side at base rounded or forming a very short ’ auricle, above the base curved, with usually 2, imore rarely 1 or 3 teeth ; teeth large for the size of the leaf, usually obtuse, sometimes apiculate; terminal tooth not or hardly prolonged beyond the general outline of the leaf, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate,
2 to 8 mm long, obtuse; upper surface with abundant cystoliihs and often setose especially near the margins, under surface- without cys- toliths, glabrous; triplinerved, additional veins usually inconspicuous, 1 or 2 on each side; stipules linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, about 1.5 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6577 a, 9824 (type), 9835 Robinson. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4636, 4650 Mearns & Hutchinson: District of Davao, Mount Apo, Copeland 1128, Elmer 11343. The type and Elmer 11343 have both staminate and pistillate
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
523
flowers, the others pistillate only. A plant of high elevations, noted on Banajao and Apo from 1800 to 2475 m. This is the species referred to on page 499 as having pistillate flowers with a perianth abnormal for the genus by being often incurved and when outspread of greater length in proportion to the ovary than in most other species. Owing to the minuteness and delicacy of the perianth, its exact nature is often difficult to determine, and this character may prove less unusual : in any event, there can be no doubt of the close alliance of E. pulcliellum to the following species.
14. Elatostema acrophilum sp. nov.
Dioicum, receptaculis staminiferis ignotis, pistill if eris . sessilibus ; perianthio minuto: caulibus apice adpresse setosis; foliis membranaceis, utrinque glabris, .saepius subfaleatis, valde inaequilateralibus, lateris inferioris basi auriculatis, margine 2- ad 5-dentatis, 4- ad 6-plinerviis.
Dioecious : . pistillate receptacles sessile, 4 mm in diameter ; outer pair of bracts ovate, eiliolate or glabrous, ,1.5 mm long, obtuse, obscurely corniculate, inner bracts somewhat longer, stellately disposed, strongly ciliate, corniculate or acuminate; bracteoles linear-oblaneeolate ; pedicels about 0.6' mm long; perianth-segments 3, less than 1 mm long, obtuse; ovary ellipsoid, about 0.5 mm long; stigma penicillate.
Weak creeping plants, usually , branched, the stems 10 to 25 cm long, 'minutely appressed-setose at the apex; leaves subsessile, alternate' or very' rarely subopposite, the basal -often greatly reduced, with these ex- cepted the lamina membranaceous, obliquely elliptic or obovate, 8 to 25 mm long, 4 to 8 mm wide, strongly inequilateral, subfalcate, the base of the upper side meeting the costa 1 to 2 mm from the stem at an acute or subobtuse angle, the base of the lower side forming a broad rounded auricle often overlapping -the stem; upper margin with 2 to 4, lower with 2 to 5 teeth, these obtuse or the lower acute; apical tooth not or slightly projecting beyond the general outline of the leaf, lan- ceolate to ovate, 1 to 4 mm long, obtuse or acute ; both surfaces glabrous and with cystoliths, the under glaucescent; 4- to 6-plinerved, in ad- dition to the costa and 'the normal nerve on either side, usually with 1 on the upper side and 2 on the lower developing exteriorly; additional veins 3 or 4, well reticulated on the upper surface; stipules lanceolate, acute, about l mm long.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, at and near summit of Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6577 RoMnson (type), Copeland s. n., growing with the last, to which, however, it is not as nearly allied as to the following.
15. Elatostema microphyllum Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 286.
Subcaespitosum, caulibus apice praesertim adpresse pubescentibus :
dioicum ; receptaculis pistilliferis .sessilibus, parvis, floribusque eis speciei praecedentis similibus: foliis altemis, subsessilibug, oblique oblanceolatis, oblongis, vel obovatis, 6 ad 13 mm longis, 3 ad 4.5 mm latis, vel in- ferioribus minoribus," basi utrinque cuneatis vel margine inferiore leviter auriculatis, Supra medium latere superiore 2- vel 3-dentatis latere in-
524
ROBINSON.
feriore 2- ad 5-dentatis, dentibus saepissime acutis, dente. terminal! hand protracto, breve, obtuso vel srlbacuto; triplinerviis, venis snperioribus obscnris lateris snperioris saepius 1, latetis inferioris 2 vel 3, pagina utraque cystolithis notatis.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 91J/9 (type. collection) : Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 9777 Robinson. A plant of comparatively low elevations, 700 to 800 m on both mountains. In spite of the very manifest dissimilarity in general resemblance, this species is ' very closely allied to the preceding, the second collection, while certainly to be identified with E. micro- phyllum, tending to vary in the direction of E. acrophilum. The difference in elevation means less in this instance than might be supposed, for the ravine where Bur. Sci. 9777 was obtained contains many species normally found at much higher altitudes on the same mountain, even at the summit.
16. Elatostema oblanceolatum sp. nov.
Repens, caulibus pilis subrigidis saltern apice adspers'is ; receptaculis pistilliferis subsessilibus, parvis; perianthio minuto: foliis oblanceolatis, basi utrinque euneatis, margine integris vel uno vel utroque latere 1-dentatis, triplinerviis.
Dioecious; pistillate receptacles sessile or subsessile, the outermost bracts broadly lanceolate, corniculate, 2.5 mm long, the inner narrower, often oblanceolate, the braeteoles still narrower, all conspicuously long- ciliate; flowers on short comparatively stout pedicels; perianth-lobes 3, usually not exceeding 0.1 mm in length but' in the same receptacle sometimes considerably longer, never sufficiently to inclose more than the basal third of the ovary; about; 1 mm long.
Creeping plants with stems 5 to 10 cm long, simple or sparingly branched, bearing especially toward the apex rather scattered stiff white, hairs ; leaves subsessile, the membranaceous lamina oblanceolate or rarely elliptic-oblaneeolate or obovate, mostly 6 to 13 mm long, 2.5 to 4.5 mm wide, or some of them smaller, acute on both sides at the base, entire or somewhat more frequently with a single tooth on the lower or on each side ; terminal tooth rounded, apiculate ; both ' surfaces glabrous and provided with rather long but .often not very conspicuous cystoliths, often with stiff cilia on the margins; triplineryed, additional veins slender, single* or wanting on the upper side, 1 or 2 on the lower.
Negkos, Canloan Volcano, on steep moss-covered shaded banks of stream, at 900 m elevation, Merrill 6909.
17. Elatostema philippinense Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 888.
Suberectum vel scandens: ramosum, 20 ad 30 cm longum, caulibus
apicem versus sparse pubescentibus : receptaculis staminiferis ses- silibus, bracteis exterioribus ovatis, acuminatis, corniculatis, 3.5 mm longis, ciliatis, interioribus subaequilongis sed multo angustioribus, corniculatis ; perianthio 5-partito, corniculato : foliis brevissime petiolatis vel sessilibus, membranaceis, oblique ellipticis vel lanceolatis, 3 ad 8
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
525
cm longis, 8 acT 22 mm latis, alias minoribus sed similibus, basi uno latere acutis altero auriculatis obtusis vel rari'ssime acutis, margine e basi obtuse vel subacute altiuscule dentatis, dentibus saepe dentatis, apice in acumen gracile dentatum protractis, subpenninerviis, venis utrinque
4 ad 8, subtus sparse pubescentibus ; cystolitbis ininutis; stipulis lan- ceolatis, circiter 6 mm longis, . persistentihus.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Baruring River, Elmer 11751, 11746. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6907. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 6841 Robinson. Both the last differ slightly from the type, but not in essential characters. The leaves are somewhat similar to the more normal ones of E. diversifolium Wedd., but the aberrant ones of the latter are wanting, and there are many other differences.
18. Elatostema hastatum Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 466.
Eepens, succulentum, caulibus circiter 30 cm longis, apice praesertim
setosis : receptaculis staminiferis sessilibus, bracteis extus eiliatis vel strigosis, subliberis; floribus pedicellatis ; perianthii segmentis -stamini- busque 5 : foliis submembranaceis, oblique oblongis vel obovatis, 10 ad 15 mm longis, 4 ad 6 mm latis, vel nonnullis minoribus, superioris lateris basi acutis vel obtusis, inferioris lateris oblique vel subrecte pro- tractis, caulem saepissime obtegentibus semihastatisque, dentibus praeter medium superioris lateris 2, inferioris 3, dente terminate breve, haud protracto; triplinerviis, venis 1 vel 2; cystolithis in utraque pagina conspicuis, superne sparse subtus in venis densius. setosis.
Negros, Province of Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer '9829 (type collection) . The leaf-base is very characteristic.
19. Elatostema viridescens Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 285.
Erectum, inflorescentiis pistilliferis exceptis glabrum, 20 ad 90 cm
altum, caule valde succulento, sulcato : dioicum vel rariter monoicum ; receptaculis staminiferis saepissime brevissime pedunculatis ; bracteis exterioribus ' orbiculari-ovatis, circiter 5 mm longis, apice acuminatis, eiliatis, cornu cylindraceo falcato 2 ad 3 mm longo instructis, bracteis interioribus multo minoribus, haud vel obscure corniculatis; floribus tetrameris : receptaculis pistilliferis solitariis vel binis, sessilibus, circiter
5 mm diametro; bracteis exterioribus suborbicularibus, conspicue corni- culatis ; floribus typicis : foliis membranaceis vel subclrartaceis, oblique laneeolatis vel anguste ellipticis, saepius subfalcatis, triplinerviis, lateris superioris basi acutis, inferioris acutis vel brevissime auriculatis, super- ioris lateris dentibus vel serraturis 4 ad 11, inferioris 8 ad 15, dente terminali in acumen protracto ; stipulis linear i-lanceolatis, 4 ad 7 mm longis.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Williams 306: Province of Cavite, Mendez Nunez, Bur. Sci. 1350 Mangubat: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer 8076 (type collection), Bur. Sci. 6715, 9895 Robinson, Phil. PI. 263 Robinson, Hallier s. n. : Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Whitford 631.
526
ROBINSON.
In dried material, tlie leaves, which are from 12 to 18 cm long, often have a distinct yellowish tinge, especially on the veins of the under surface; both surfaces show very numerous crowded cystoliths; the points of origin of the ^nerves are separated by at least 5 mm and often much more, they are nearly parallel with the margin and connected with the costa by from 3 to 8 veins.
20. Elatostema banahaense sp. nov.
Erectum, glabrum, : inflorescentiis staminif eris breviter crasseque pedunculatis vel subsessilibus, bracteis^ corniculatis ; floribus juvenilibus tetrameris : foliis subsessilibus, membranaceis, oblique oblanceolatis, basis uno latere acutis, altero obtusis vel saepius subauriculatis, margine dentatis, apice acuminatis, triplinerviis ; stipulis laneeolatis, acute acum- inatis, eirciter 12 mm longis.
Staminate receptacles on very short peduncles or almost sessile, the peduncle bracted at the base: outer bracts orbicular-ovate, 8 mm long, corniculate, free from one another except at the base,- inner bracts similar but only half the length of the outer ; young flowers pedicellate, tetramerous : pistillate receptacles unknown.
Succulent, glabrous, erect, .somewhat zigzag, usually unbranched, about 40 to 50 cm high: leaves subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, obliquely oblanceolate,.6 to 17 cm long, 22 to 46 mm wide, the lower often smaller than the upper, the acute side of the base terminating 4 to 9 mm from the stem, the other somewhat auriculate or at least obtuse, nearly always sessile, the narrower side usually entire below the middle^ beyond with from 4 to 11 shallow serrations, the wider cut from below the middle into 8 to 16 slightly deeper serrations; the apex contracted into a slender acumen 1 to 2.5 cm long; triplinerved, with about 6 to 8 additional veins and others almost equally prominent ; upper surface with conspicuous cystoliths, these much less conspicuous beneath but the surface punctate; stipules lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 16 mm long, usually acutely acuminate.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, at 1500 m elevation, Bur. Sci. 9856 Robinson. Closely allied 'to E. scrip turn, differing in tlie shape of the leaves, their venation, serration, and cystoliths, strongly resembling it in the stipules and receptacles. With this almost certainly belong two unnumbered col- lections made five years apart by Dr. E. B. Copeland at San Ramon, Zamboanga, Mindanao. Pistillate receptacles are present, sessile, up to 15 mm in diameter; the only staminate receptacle is younger than those of the type, but apparently the same; the leaves are very similar except that the veins are pubescent beneath. It would better have been made the type, but the only duplicates, those from Banajao, had been distributed iindpr the above name.
21. Elatostema palawanense sp. nov;
Receptaculis sessilibus, staminif erorum bracteia exterioribus subor- bicularibus, uno saltern conspicue sed breviter corniculato ; floribus tetrameris : foliis crasse chartaceis, oblanceolatis ad obovatis, basis uno latere aeutis vel subobtusis altero rotundatis vel breviter subauriculatis,
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
527
m argine acute serratis, apice acuminatis; stipulis elliptico-lanceolatis, circiter 17 mm longis.
Staminate receptacles sessile; outer bracts suborbicular, 5 mm long, one or both distinctly short-corniculate, silky-pubescent; inner bracts oblong, 3.5 mm long, less densely pubescent; bracteoles narrowly pblong- oblanceolate, 3 mm long, pilose at the apex ; pedicels about 1 mm long ; perianth-segments 4, elliptic or broadly elliptic, nearly 2 mm long, more or less cucullate, pilose at the apex; anthers 0.8 mm long: pistillate receptacles sessile; outer pair of bracts free for over half their length, the free portions orbicular-ovate, 2.5 mm long, shortly corniculate, long- pilose and ciliate; other bracts oblong-lanceolate, 4 mm long, scarious- margined, strongly keeled but hardly corniculate, densely pubescent; bracteoles narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 3 mm long, long-ciliate espe- cially at the apex; pedicels over 1 mm long; perianth distinctly either 3- or 4-lobed, minute : aehene brown, broadly ellipsoid, obscurely striate, about 1 mm long.
Stems 30 to 40 cm high, erect except at base, the apices densely pubescent, below glabrous; leaves subsessile,, the lamina densely charta- ceous, oblanceolate to obovate, 6 to 10 cm, long, 20 to 32 mm wide, the base acute or subobtuse on the narrower side, on the wider obtuse, rounded, or very shortly auriculate, the margins except at or near the base cut not deeply by acute teeth, strongly directed forward, on the wider side about 20 in number, the apex gradually or somewhat abruptly contracted into an acumen about 1.5 cm long, the upper surface scabrous, the under silky-pilose; triplinerved, with 4 or 5 additional, veins, nearly free from one another ; stipules elliptic-lanceolate, very shortly acu- minate, appressed-pilose. on the outer surface, about 17 mm long.
Palawan, Mount Victoria, at 1100 m elevation, Bur. Sci. 611 Foxworthy. Much more distinct from its nearest ally, E. lagunense, than it. can be made to seem by key, the plants less coarse, the receptacles so far as can be judged from the present collection much smaller and differing in various details, ap- parently always sessile, and with the under surface of the leaves silky.
22. Elatostema lagunense Merrill in herb. sp. nov.
Monoicum vel saepius dioicum, erectum, succulentum : receptaculis staminiferis magnis, breviter pedunculatis ; bracteis exterioribus depresso- orbicularibus,^ co'rniculatis ; floribus tetrameris : receptaculis pistilliferis sessilibus, bracteis basi excepta connatis ; floribus pedicellatis, • perianthio minuto, trilobato : foliis oblique oblanceolatis vel obovatis, basis valde inaequilaterae uno latere acutis altero obtusis vel subauriculatis, margine basi excepta serratis, apice acuminatis, utraque pagina saepius strigosis, triplinerviis.
Monoecious or dioecious : staminate receptacles attaining a diameter of 2. cm, on short stout peduncle^ ; outer bracts depressed-orbicular, nearly free, up to 9 mm in length and 13 mm in width, keeled, corniculate,
528
ROBINSON.
sparingly pubescent, the inner becoming smaller and obovate; bracteoles oblanceolate, 6 mm long, long-ciliate near the apex ;. perianth-segments 4, about 3 mm long; anthers becoming nearly 2 mm long: pistillate recep- tacles sessile, up to 14 mm in diameter; bracts united at their bases, free and stellately arranged along the margins of the receptacles, the free portions lanceolate to ovate, 3 to 4 mm long, densely ciliate and some- what pilose on the back, slightly cornieulate; bracteoles linear-oblan- ceolate, 3 mm long, long-ciliate; flowers very numerous, shortly pedicel- late; perianth 3-lobed, about 0.1 mm long; achene brown, 0.6 mm long, longitudinally striate.
Adult plants very succulent, the younger less so, the stems angled and grooved, 30 to 80 cm high, strigose especially toward the apex: leaves subsessile, the lamina subehartaceous, obliquely oblanceolate to obovate, 6 to 25 cm long, 2 to 9.5 cm wide, very inequilateral at the base, one side acute or more rarely obtuse ending 5 to 10 mm from the stem, the other subauriculate, or more rarely merely obtuse, the narrower side entire for about half its length, then with 5 to 12 serrations, the serrations of the wider side usually beginning much, nearer the base and 12 to 20 in num- ber, not deep in proportion to the size of the leaves, the apex forming an acute acumen, often scabrous on both surfaces, especially beneath, or the pubescence softer and appressed, the dpper surface also with numerous conspicuous long cystoliths; triplinerved or the nerve of the narrower side subbasal, other veins 4 to 6, all uniting by frequent anastomoses; stipules lanceolate, up to 17 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Quiangan, Merrill 206, part: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford s. n. : Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Merrill 5118 (type), Elmer 8313, Phil. PI. 262 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 6735, 9907 Robinson; Mount Maquiling, Merrill 7133: Province of Tayabqs, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 91(66 Robinson ; Lucban, Elmer 9203. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Glemens 1(11.
The spurs upon the staminate bracts are most conspicuous in young receptacles, as they do not increase proportionally, and might be overlooked on superficial inspection of dried mature material. The species has much the appearance of E. cupreo-viride Reeh.,33 but is larger, with very different stipules.
23. Elatostema lanaense sp. nov.
Monoicum vel dioicum : receptaculis staminiferis sessilibus, bracteis exterioribus orbiculari-ovatis, carinatis, corniculatis, pilosis, ciliatis : floribus tetrameris : receptaculis pistilliferis adhuc juvenilibus, sessilibus : foliis sessilibus, membranaceis, oblique obpvatis, basis uno latere acu-tis vel obtusis altero obtusis vel subauriculatis, margine grosse paucidentatis, apice breviter vel longiuscule acuminatis.
Staminate receptacles sessile, up to 9 mm in diameter; outer pair of bracts orbicular-ovate, keeled, cornieulate, pilose, ciliate, free from one
33Fedde, Rep. Nov. Sp. 6 (1908) 49; Bot. Zool. Ergeb. Samoa. Neuguinea, u. Salomoninseln 3 (1910) 101, pi. 8.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
529
another except at the base; next two pairs oblong-obovate, nearly as long as the outer, keeled, not ot barely corniculate, ciliate-serrate ; bracteoles oblanceolate, 3.5 mm long, ciliate or ciliolate; flowers shortly pedicelled; perianth-segments 4, ovate, 1.5 mm long, with long, ciliate spurs; anthers 0.7 mm long: pistillate receptacles still young; as seen -the outer pair of bracts about 2 mm long, orbicular-ovate or wider than long, pilose, one or both slightly corniculate ; the next pairs narrowly oblanceolate ; flowers apparently typical, the stigma long-pilose.
Erect except at base, about 20 to 25 cm high, the stems densely pubes- cent at the apex and often lower: leaves sessile, the lamina membrana- ceous, obliquely obovate or elliptic-obovate, 3 to 6.5 cm long, 12 to 28 mm wide, the base inequilateral, acute or subobtuse on one side, obtuse or subauriculate on the other, the narrower side usually with 2 or 3 teeth, the wider with 4 or 5, the apical tooth forming an acumen over 1 cm long or on younger leaves much shorter and hardly projecting beyond the general outline; tri-triplinerved, the nerve of the narrower side sometimes little longer than the 2 or 3 veins ; the glabrous upper surface with conspicuous cystoliths, the under pubescent on the veins with much less conspicuous cystoliths ; stipules narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 mm long.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 405. Very similar in general appearance to E. lusonense, but differing by its sessile receptacles and otherwise.
24. Elatostema scriptum sp. nov.
Erectum, succulentum, caulibus tetragonis, plus minusve alatis, gla- bris : receptaeulis staminiferis breviter pedunculatis, bracteis exterioribus interioribusque orbieularibus vel late ovatis, corniculatis ; floribus tetra- meris : foliis membranaceis, subfalcatis, oblique et saepe anguste lan- ceolatis vel ellipticis, margine dentatis, apice acuminatim protractis, subpinnatinerviis.
Dioecious, as far as known : staminate receptacles on sparingly pilose or glabrous peduncles 1 to 3 mm long; outer bracts free except at the base, orbicular or broadly ovate, on the largest receptacles about 9 mm long, rounded at the apex, distinctly corniculate, somewhat pilose on the outer surface or glabrous, the spur ciliate ; inner bracts similar, somewhat smaller ; flowers shortly pedicellate, perianth-segments 4, hyaline, 1 mm long, with a ciliate spur of nearly equal length.
Erect, succulent, the glabrous stems 20 to 30 cm long, quadrangular and more or less winged (very imperfectly shown by dried material), simple or more rarely branched : leaves sessile, the lamina membrana- ceous, obliquely and often narrowly -lanceolate or elliptic, more often, subfalcate, 7 to 13 cm long, 1.2 to 3 cm wide, the upper usually the longer, base of the upper side acute, of the lower acute or very shortly
99454 5
530
ROBINSON.
auriculate, the teeth of the upper side 4 to 6, of the lower 4 to 11, acute or obtuse, on narrow leaves very shallow, on wider leaves deeper, on the uppers side usually not below the middle of the leaf, on the lower side often occurring somewhat lower, terminal tooth triangular-lanceolate, acute, 15, to 20 mm long; both surfaces glabrous or the principal veins of the under obscurely pilose, upper surface when dry somewhat purplish, the under paler, both showing numerous long but not crowded cystoliths, these especially evident on the under surface by reason of the contrast in color; almost pinnately veined, the basal nerves present, but on the upper side close to the margin and on narrow leaves inconspicuous,1 on both sides soon connecting with the succeeding veins, numbering usually 8 or 9, with others intervening ; stipules, triangular-ovate or triangular- lanceolate, 10 to 12 mm long, hyaline except on. the costa, acute.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, at about 800 m elevation, Bur. Sci. 9766 Robinson.
25. Elatostema spinulosum Elmer Leafi. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 468.
Erectum vel recumbens, caulibus angulatis et foliis praesertim subtus
spinulis acutis haud urentibus horridis: receptaculis staminiferis ses- silibus, bracteis exterioribus orbicularibus, tricarinatis, corniculatis, floribus trimeris (?) vel tetrameris; receptaculis pistilliferis sessilibus, 1.5 cm diametro, bracteis exterioribus ad medium coalitis, corniculatis : foliis subsessilibus, sicco subchartaceis, oblique oblaneeolatis vel obovatis, inaequilateralibus, circiter 20 cm longis, 5 ad 9 cm latis, lateris an- gustioris basi acutis, latioris subauriculatis, ima basi excepta dentatis, sed lateris angustioris dimidia basali parte minute, supra grosse, apice abrupte acute acuminatis, utrinque glabris et cystolithis notatis sed subtus minus conspicue; triplinerviis, venis 4 ad 7 et reticulis subtus con- spieuissimis.
Negros, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 9776 (type collection) : Canlaon Volcano, Phil. PI. 233 > Merrill .
The staminate flowers are stated in the original description to be either 3-merous or 4-merous. As the occurrence of 3-merous flowers in the genus would be of especial interest, a number were examined from each of the col- lections cited, those from Canlaon being preserved in alcohol; all were 4-merous. The pistillate receptacles seen Avere oval rather than orbicular in outline, the central part formed by the united bracts being about 1 cm long, 7 mm wide, Avith the free portion of the outer bracts triangular-ovate, 3 mm long, of the inner bracts lanceolate.
Local name (Cuernos Mountains) : handalumog.
26. Elatostema whitfordii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 48.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 254, Eor. Bur. 1234
Borden. Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 10709.
As stated in the original description, this species approaches E. macrophyllum Brongn. in many respects. Comparison with Javan material of the latter shows E. whitfordii to differ by having the margins of the entirely glabrous leaves cut into twice as many serrations, roughly 40 against 20, by the venation being
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
531
much more emphatically pinnate than in that species, the lowest veins being very much shorter than the upper; the outer bracts of the staminate receptacles are united except toward the margins, and the pistillate receptacles, recently col- lected on Mount Apo, are peduneled.
Local name (Apo) : rader.
27. Elatostema edule sp. nov.
E. platypJiyllum Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 404, non Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 301.
E. platyphyllo Wedd. affine: receptacnlis sessilibns vel subsessilibus, magnis; bracteis basi coalitis discum efformantibus, baud vel brevissime corniculatis ; floribus staminiferis tetrameris : foliis breviter petiolatis, membranaceis, oblique elliptico-obovatis vel oblongis, basis uno latere acutis altero grosse auriculatis, apice acuminatis, triplinerviis ; stipulis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, circiter 2 cm longis.
Staminate receptacles solitary, sessile or subsessile, up to 2 cm in diameter, glabrous throughout, the bracts united at their bases to form a disk about two-thirds the diameter of the receptacles, the free portions of the outer pair 4 mm long, 13 mm wide, broadly rounded, keeled but hardly corniculate; of the next two pairs about 5 mm long, 10 mm wide, keeled and slightly corniculate ; bracteoles oblong-oblanceolate, 4 mm long, slightly corniculate; perianth-segments 4, 2.5 mm long, the outer broadly lanceolate, apiculate, the inner narrower : pistillate receptacles sessile, when flattened nearly oblong, up to 15 by 13 mm, the bracts fused but sufficiently free at least at their margins for the three outer pairs to be traced, all glabrous, barely corniculate ; bracteoles linear- oblaneeolate, 2 mm long, ciliate-serrate ; perianth 3-lobed, about 0.15 mm long; achenes broadly ellipsoid, 0.5 mm long, obscurely striate.
Plants succulent, 50 cm or more in height, the vegetative parts glabrous : leaves shortly petioled, oblique, elliptic-obovate or oblong, 16 to 23 cm long, 3.5 to 9.5 cm .wide, the base of the narrower side acute, that of the wider produced into an auricle retaining or slightly increasing the width of that portion of the lamina exterior to the nerve, the margin of the narrower side entire for a little more or less than half its length, then with from 7 to 12 teeth, that of the wider side with the lowest teeth nearer the base and 15 to 20 in number, the apex gradually or somewhat abruptly contracted into an acumen 1.5 to 2 cm long; triplinerved, ad- ditional veins 5 to 7; cystoliths very numerous and conspicuous on the upper surface, on the type-sheet especially so and of larger size along the principal veins, much less so beneath ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 2 cm long.
Batanes Islands, Batan Island, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3609 Fenix (type). Luzon, Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 61/55 Robinson. Formosa. Kotoshio, Kawalcami & Nakahara 1052. The two northern collections are the closer match, those from Mayon having narrower leaves with smaller teeth, which are still far larger than those of E. platyphyllum, furnishing the
532
ROBINSON.
easiest means of distinguishing the species. Moreover, the staminate receptacles are solitary, nearly sessile, and their bracts are less completely fused : the} cystolitlis themselves and their arrangement are very different in the two species. The close alliance is undeniable. The leaves are eaten as greens in the Batanes.
Local name (Batanes) : reyrey.
28. Elatostema carinoi W. R. Shaw in herb. sp. nov.
Monoieum vel dioicum, erectum, succulentum : receptaculis staminiferis breviter pedunculatis vel subsessilibus, magms, bracteis basi coalitis, brevissime corniculatis ; floribus tetrameris : receptaculis pistillif eris ses- silibus : foliis membranaceis, oblique ellipticis, basi valde inaequilatera acutis vel subobtusis, xnargine dentatis, apice acuminatis, triplinerviis.
Staminate receptacles on peduncles usually stout up to 2.5 cm long, or more slender or subsessile, attaining a size of about 2 cm by 1.5 'cm, the bracts as seen from without apparently 2, free nearly halfway to the base, hut each of these formed by the union of an outer bract with the outer halves of one of each of the two next pairs of inner bracts, the inner halves of the latter embracing the flowers, dividing the receptacle into 4 parts, the free portions of the outer bracts in mature receptacles about 5 mm long and' 9 mm wide, keeled, in young receptacles barely corniculate; pedicels about 1.5 mm long; perianth-segments 4, about 2 mm long, the outer pair oblong-ovate, corniculate, the inner pair oblong- lanceolate ; filaments 2 mm long ; anthers 1 mm, their cells widely diverg- ing : pistillate receptacles sessile, about 1 cm in diameter, the margins revolute; bracts fused except at the margins, the free portions of the outer pair broadly triangular-ovate, 2 mm long, acuminate, ciliate, the others narrower; bracteoles linear or linear-oblanceolate, 2 mm long, strongly ciliate; pedicels about 0.5 mm long, perianth minute, 3-lobed; ovary ellipsoid, about 0.5 mm long; stigma pilose.
Erect, 35 cm to 1 m high, succulent, the stems glabrous or more often more or less pilose at the apex : leayes subsessile, the lamina membrana- ceous, obliquely narrowly to broadly elliptic, 6 to 12 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, strongly inequilateral, the base acute or on the wider side often obtuse, the margin of the wider side with from 8 to. 12 teeth above about the basal third, the narrower usually with 7 or 8 in the apical half, the apex prolonged into a slender acumen 1 to 2 cm long ; triplinerved, ad- ditional veins 4 to 6; glabrous or the veins of the under surface pilose; stipules lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 8 to 13 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Bontoc, Yanoverbergh 510: Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 2828 M earns; Baguio, Phil. Nor. Sch. 1/28 Carino (type), For. Bur. 4811 Curran: Lusod-Bayabas trail, For. Bur. 15752 Curran; Bued River, Merrill 4847 : Prov- ince of Nueva Vizcaya, Quiangan, Merrill 206, part. Sxquijoe, near San Antonio, Merrill 7205.
Although this has much resemblance to E. longipedunculatum Elmer, its closer alliance is with the species here identified as E. longifolium Wedd., .as shown by the structure of the staminate receptacles, differing from the latter in the nature of its pubescence, the stipules, and the more delicate venation, with the veins
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
533
especially on tlie narrower side more strongly directed toward the apex. It is possible that two species are here included, differing from one another in the coarseness of the dentation and the pubescence, but it will take field-study to determine this with certainty. This is probably the closest of all the Philippine species to true E. sessile Forst.
Through the kindness of Dr. A. B. Rendle, of the British Museum of Natural History, a photograph has been obtained of the type specimen of E. sessile Forst., preserved in the herbarium of that institution. No one of our species is identical with it, E. carinoi, its nearest ally, differing by the distinctly longer leaf-acumen. (Plate II, Vol. VI.)
Local name (Baguio) : ngaluy, the plants said to serve as food for deer.
29. Elatostema angustatum sp. nov.
Beceptaculis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, solitariis vel birds, staminif- erorum bracteis exterioribus tricarinatis admoclum corniculatis ; floribus tetrameris : foliis membranaceis, oblique anguste laneeolatis vel rarius ovatis, basis valde inaequilaterae uno latere acutis altero subacutis ad rotundatis, margine dentatis, apiee attenuato-aeutissimis.
Monoecious or dioecious, the receptacles solitary or paired, sometimes one of each kind in an axil : staminate receptacles 3 to 4 mm in diameter, the outer pair of bracts free from one another except at their bases, broadly oval or suborbicular, 3.5' mm long, slightly ciliate, the back with usually 3 very distinct keels more or less projecting apically, the next pairs of bracts obovate, cucullate, cornieulate, 3 mm long \ bracteoles nearly hyaline, oblanceolate, cucullate, 2 mm long; perianth-segments 4; hyaline, ovate, 1 mm long, very shortly or, not cucullate : pistillate receptacles up to 1 cm in diameter; bracts fused in the basal half, the outer pair triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm long, slightly ciliate, keeled-co-rnicu- late, the others similar but- narrower; bracteoles linear-oblanceolate, 2 mm long, ciliate-serrate ; flowers shortly pedicelled; perianth-lobes 3, minute; achenes 0.6 mm long.
Erect, succulent, 20 to 40 cm high, glabrous except as noted for the inflorescence : leaves subsessile, the lamina membranaceojis; oblique, nar- rowly lanceolate or on short leaves wider, 3 to 16 cm long, 7 to 18 mm wide, the base acute on one side, subacute to rounded on the other, the narrower with from 6 to 14 shallow teeth usually confined to the apical three-fifths or half, the wider with from 6 to 20 and the lowest more basal, the apex very gradually narrowed to a very acute or rarely obtuse point or on shorter and broader leaves acuminate ; triplinerved, the point of origin of the nerve of the narrower side often from 8 to 20 mm from the stem, the nerves on both sides forming a continuous and nearly straight lateral line united with the costa by 3 to 9 veins; cystoliths conspicuous on both surfaces; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1:5 to 2.5 mm long.
Ltjzojv, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3266 Ahern’s collector (type) : Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Bur. Sci: 6614 Robinson. As suggested to me by Dr. Gagnepain, the species has considerable resemblance to E. hoolcerianum Wedd., but differs in its much more attenuate leaves with less auriculate bases and more numerous serrations, in the cystoliths and the stipules.
534
ROBINSON.
30. Elatostema apoense Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 885.
Dioibum, monoicum, Tel floribus staminiferis pistillif erisque in eodem
reeeptaculo intermixtis ; bracteis exterioribus saepe inaequalibus, orbicu- lari-ovatis, usque ad 3.5 mm longis, obseurissime corniculatis, pilosis, eiliatis; bracteolis oblanceolatis, 3 mm longis, longe pilosis; floribus breviter pedicellatis ; perianthio staminifero 4-partito, ovato, apice longe . eiliato; perianthio pistillifero minuto, trilobate, acheniis 0.7 mm longis: terrestre, sueculentum, plus minusve'ramosum, caulibus a. basi ad apicem dense pubeseentibus ; foliis sessilibus, laminis chartaceis, inferiorum saepe oblique laneeolatis, superiorum longioribus sed angustioribus, lineari-lan- eeolatis Tel anguste laneeolatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis, 2 ad 7 mm latis, basis uno latere acutis Tel ■subobtusis altero rotundatis Tel subauriculatis, margine pro rata grosse dentatis, inferioribus apice obtusis, super ioribus sensim Tel acuminatim protractis, pagina superiore glabris inferiore Tenis pubes- centibus, utrinque cysfolithis notatis, • trinernis, Tenis. 4 ad 6, subtus conspicuis; stipulis laneeolatis, apice protractis, 5 ad 8 mm longis.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, at 1200 m elevation, Elmer 11793. This seems distinct from E. lineare Stapf in the venation of the sessile leaves, and is quite different from E. rupestre Wedd., to which Stapf says that his species is allied. The most curious thing about this species, the presence of pistillate and staminate flowers in the same receptacle, is of no diagnostic ■ value : of three receptacles dissected by me, one was entirely staminate, a second entirely pistillate, while in the third the attached staminate flowers were more central and the attached pistillate flowers more peripheral.
31. Elatostema longifolium Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 189.
Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Mount Umuguen, Bur. Sci. 8186 Ramos:
Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming lf56 ; Los Banos and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 9675, 9906, 9916 Robinson. •
On our specimen of Cuming 1/56 there are parts of two plants, the one with narrower leaves, more acutely serrate, the other with wider leaves more obtusely serrate : they may be different forms of the same species, but nothing has recently been collected to match' the narrower-leaved< form.. The point would not be mentioned were it not that Weddell’s description seems to be based upon the narrower-leaved type, whereas all the additional collections here cited ,agree well with the broader-leaved. The leaves are oblique and very inequilateral; if the narrower side were as wide as the other, the most usual shape would be oval. On this conception of the limits of the species, it approaches closely to E. ulmifolium Miq., reduced by Weddell to varietal rank under. E. sessile, but with leaves of thicker texture, having the serrations fewer and much less closely set. A still nearer match is Dr. King’s collector 521, from Coping in the Malay Peninsula, named as E. sessile, differing, chiefly in the nature of the pubescence and less definitely in the texture of the leaves and the stipules. It is very much nearer to any of the Indian and Javan specimens in this collection named as E. sessile than is E. brongniarlianum, which Wpddell made a variety of that species. Ignor- ing here generic questions, discussed elsewhere, it may be worth while to discuss the validity of the name E. sessile. The entire specific diagnosis,36 the first species being a Procris, is “Sessile. 2 E. tetrandrum.” In the PrOdromus (1786),
Forst. J. R. & G. Char. Gen. PI. (1776) 106.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
535
the younger Forster gave a fuller description but renamed it Dorstenia pubescens. Persoon,37 while citing E. sessile as a synonym, and only by implication referring to its later designation, named it Elatostema pubescens. A strict construction of the rules, would reject E. sessile in favor of E. pubescens (Forst. f.) Pers. The quotation might .seem to imply that E. tetrandum was the specific name intended by the Forsters, but this is certainly not the case.
It is possible that the wider -leaved plants referred to above may represent the missing E. tomentosum Wedd., which would very satisfactorily explain its later reduction by its author to E. sessile. The narrower-leaved plant, at least in this herbarium, seems quite immature, it is possible that it may be a young plant of what is here named E. angustatum, but so far as present collections can decide the matter, the stipules seem to prohibit such a conclusion. However, these are also absent from the broader-leaved plants of Cuming’s collection.
32. Elatostema plumbeum sp. nov.
Receptaculis staminiferis sessilibus, bracteis ' exterioribus orbiculari- ovatis, subeorniculatis ; floribus tetrameris : receptaculis pistilliferis ses- silibus; bracteis exterioribus late orbiculari-ovatis, breviter comiculatis, ceteris lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis : erectum, simplex, caulibus dense retrorse subappresse strigosis; foliis oblique et anguste ellipticis vel oblanceolatis, basis uno latere acutis, altero subariculatis, margine crebre dentatis, apice acuminatis; stipulis lanceolatis, acutis, circiter 3 mm longis.
Monoecious or dioecious : staminate receptacles sessile, outer bracts orbicular-ovate, free from one another except at the base, 3.5 mm long, pilose, ciliate, thickened except at the apex and margins, barely corn- iculate; next pairs nearly as long, much thinner in texture, obovate, ciliate, barely corniculate; bracteoles narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, cornic- ulate ; perianth-segments 4, excluding the apical hairs about 1 mm long, oblanceolate ; anthers 0.6 mm long: pistillate receptacles sessile; outer bracts free nearly to base, about 2 min long, 3 mm wide; broadly rounded, somewhat corniculate; other bracts numerous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; all pilose and ciliate ; bracteoles oblanceolate, exclud- ing the dense apical tuft of hairs 1.5 mm long; perianth-lobes 3, often long for the genus, up to 0.2 mm; achenes brown, ellipsoid, 0.6 mm long, coarsely longitudinally striate.
Erect except at base, succulent, unbranched, about 20 to ’30 cm high, the stems densely retrorsely short-strigose : leaves subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, obliquely and narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 12 to 20 mm wide, one side of the base acute or subobtuse, the other shortly auriculate, the margins except at the base with crowded, curved, often apiculate teeth, about 30 on the wider side, somewhat fewer on the narrower, the lowest minute, the apex gradually contracted into an acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, • definitely triplinerved, the nerve of the narrower side more often arising over 8 mm from the base, additional
Syn. PI. 2 (1807) 557.
536
ROBINSON.
veins 6 to 8 on the wider side, fewer on the narrower, bnt with others snbparallel to them nearly as prominent; upper surface sparingly pilose with numerous cystoliths, under densely pilose; stipules lanceolate, acute, about 3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 8495 M earns. At first sight appearing to be a succulent, unbranched, large-leaved form of E. benguetense, but sufficiently distinct to ensure its ready recognition, and also possessing many additional points of separation. Both of these have been carefully compared with the descriptions of E. tomentosum Wedd., afterwards made by him a variety of E. sessile, a species that can not be identified at present: both seem to come near to it, but not sufficiently ; however, it is . to E. benguetense that it seems to approach most nearly of all our species.
83; Elatostema contiguum sp. nov.
E. obtusiuseulo affine, sed differt ' f oliorum apice longiuscule serrato- acuminatis, basi cuneata, dentibus minus obtusis, venis admodum pluribus.
Staminate receptacles (only one seen, that young) sessile; outer bracts free from one another except at the. base, depressed-orbicular, 3 mm long, 4 mm wide, broadly rounded and not corniculate at the apex; some- what pilose and ciliate; inner bracts oval, 2 mm long, not corniculate, densely ciliate; bracteoles oblong-oblanceolate, 2 mm long, densely pilose and ciliate; perianth-segments 5, lanceolate, pilose, at the apex, hardly corniculate: pistillate receptacles sessile; outer bracts- triangular-ovate, free for about 2 mm, very shortly corniculate, ciliate, somewhat pilose; other bracts . oblong-lanceolate, densely pilose-ciliate ; bracteoles linear- oblanceblate, excluding the pilose apex about 0.8 mm long; perianth somewhat unequally 3-lobed, usually over 0.1 mm long; achenes ovoid, 0.6 mm long, pale with about 8 brown longitudinal lines.
Erect, somewhat succulent, more or less tufted, not, or sparingly branched, the stems with short' dense appressed substrigose pubescence : leaves very shortly petioled or the upper subsessile, the- lamina firmly membranaceous, obliquely elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, 5 to 9 cm long, 14 to 24 mm wide, or some of the basal reduced, the base acute or subacute on both sides or rarely rounded on the wider, marginal teeth about 20, usually more acute and spreading than in E. obtusiusculum , the apex protracted into a definite subcaudate serrate acumen 1 to 2 cm long ; triplinerved, with 6 to 8 additional veins and others nearly as prominent, forming a continuous lateral vein ; cystoliths crowded r on the glabrous upper surface, inconspicuous an the pilose under surface; stipules lan- ceolate, acuminate, ciliate, 3 to 4 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mahabangsugsugan River, Bur. Sci. 9419 Robinson. In addition to the characters noted as distinctive between this and E. obtusius- culum, there are probably others to, be found in the staminate receptacles, but those of E. contiguum are too young to permit positive statement.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
537
34. Elatostema obtusiusculum sp. nov.
E. brongniartiano valde affine, sed differt foliis longioribus, magis serratis, venis validioribus, latere latiore continuis, vel subcontinnis.
Staminate receptacles sessile : outer bracts orbicular-ovate, 2 mm long,, acuminate, shortly corniculate; the next shorter, ovate, shortly cornicu- late, ciliate; bracteoles narrowly oblong, about 1.5 mm long, sparingly ciliate; perianth-segments 5, oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5 mm long, the spurs very unequal, up to 1 mm long; filaments slightly exceeding perianth; anthers white, 0.6 mm long: pistillate receptacles sessile; bracts united at base, the free portion of the outer pair ovate, 1 mm long, slightly corniculate, ciliate ; the others lanceolate, pilose, ciliate ; bracteoles linear- oblanceolate, 1 mm long, densely pilose at the apex ; flowers still young, apparently perfectly typical.
Erect except at base, usually tufted, somewhat succulent, 10 to 25 cm high, the stems densely covered with short, stiff, brown and gray, nearly appressed hairs : leaves subsessile, the lamina rather firmly membrana- ceous, obliquely elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, 3 to 6 cm long, 13. to 23 mm wide, the base obtuse or subacute on the narrower side, shortly auriculate on the wider, the margins except at the .base serrate, the teeth coarse, about 20 in number on full-sized leaves, usually thickened-apicu- late, leaf-apex not or barely projecting beyond the general outline, obtuse; triplinerved, with 4 to 6 additional veins, all strongly projecting on the under surface, the veins of both sides strongly arched-anastomosing with the succeeding, nearly always forming a continuous line from base to near the apex, of the leaf, finer reticulations numerous, sufficiently cqn- spicuous; cystoliths crowded on the glabrous upper surface, inconspicuous on the under, which is appressed-strigose on the veins ; stipules lanceolate, deci duous-apieulate, 2 to 3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mahabangsugsugan River, growing on rocks at an elevation of from 100 to 150 m, Bur. Sci. 9480 Robinson (type) : Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6359 Robipgop., fragmentary, but differing only by having the apparently younger leaves more pubescent. This approaches closely to large specimens of E. brongniartianum, such as Copeland 288, but seems to differ from all collections of that species in the characters above noted and in the nature of the stem-pubescence. Only after long hesitation, is it published as distinct from that species and the succeeding. E. contiguum is its near neighbor . both in systematic position and in habitat, the types coming from similar situations less than 1 Km apart. In the field they were sufficiently dis- tinct to be gathered as such Without hesitation, and they can at once be sep- arated by the leaf-apices and bases, and less definitely by the more acute leaf- teeth and slightly more numerous veins of E. contiguum: however, they are closely allied, both falling in the E. sessile alliance, though distinct enough from its typical forms.
538
ROBINSON.
35. Elatostema brongniartianum Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 190.
E. sessile var. minus Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Paris 9 (1856) 294.
E. sessile var. brongmartianum Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 6? (1869) 173.
Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Williams 260, Copeland 288, Wliitford lUi, part: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 629 (type collection) ; Mabalucbaluc, Bur. Sci. 6057 Robinson; Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6080 Robinson. Negros, Canlaon Volcano1, Merrill 6908. ■
Cuming 629 was a mixture, and both species under which it was cited are represented on the sheet in this herbarium. Prom Weddell’s key, they might be expected to differ in the leaf -apex, but in this they are very similar, the dis- tinguishing characters given in the description being the cystoliths and the color of the leaves. The other collections here cited are good matches for the cotype, some having rather larger leaves, others narrower ones: the longest leaf on the cotype is 2 cm long, on any other 3.5 cm; the greatest width is 14 mm. This is almost sufficient in itself to justify a separation from a species with leaves 5 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 6 cm wide, but there are additional characters. An apical leaf- tooth is present, as in almost every other species of the genus, this but rarely and then barely projects beyond the general outline of the leaf, whereas in the
7 sheets in this herbarium from Java and India, of E. sessile and species referred to it as varieties by Weddell, the apex is always very distinctly acuminate. The Philippine plants are also more pubescent, and the lateral veins are usually 3 or 4 on the wider side of the leaves. For the identification of E. sessile var. minus, I am indebted to Dr. F.^Gagnepain, of the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, who writes that the labels on the sheets, in that herbarium are so changed, in Weddell’s own handwriting.
Weddell attributes this species to India and Australia also; there is no ref- erence to it in Flora Australiensis : the Indian plant was E. reptans Hook, f ,38
36. Elatostema variegatum sp. nov.
Keceptaculis pistilliferis sessilibus, bracteis omnibus subsimilibus, oblongo-lanceolatis : suberectum, caulibus dense pubescentibus ; f oliis membranaceis, variegatis, oblique oblanceolatis ad obovatis, apice haud vel vis acuminatis, triplinerviis, stipulis anguste oblongis, apiculatis, 3 mm longis.
Pistillate receptacles sessile, about 4 mm in diameter; bracts more or less fused at the base, the outer similar to the • others, oblong-lanceolate, 1 mm or slightly more in length, ciliate, not or barely corniculate ; bracteoles narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, slightly over 1 mm long, densely pilose at the apex; perianth typical; achenes ellipsoid, about 0.5 mm long, pale with faint brown longitudinal lines.
Nearly erect from a creeping base, 8 to 12 cm high, the stems very densely covered with cinereous and fulvous substrigose spreading pubes- cence: leaves very shortly petioled or subsessile, the lamina membrana- ceous, beautifully variegated when fresh with light- and dark-green, less conspicuously so when dried, oblaneeolate to obovate, 12 to 36 mm long,
8 to 12 mm wide, with other reduced leaves, the base acute or subobtuse
Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1888) 568.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
539
on the narrower side, rounded or very shortly auriculate on the wider, the margins entire for a little more or less than half the length of the leaf, thereafter with from 4 to 7 acute and often apiculate teeth on the wider side and 3 to 5 on the narrower; the apical tooth acute or subacute, hardly projecting beyond the general outline; triplinerved, with 2 to 4 additional veins on the wider side and 1 or 2 on the narrower, these and the nerves subparallel nearty free from one another ; pilose on both sur- faces without conspicuous cystoliths ; stipules narrowly oblong, 3 mm long, apiculate.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, base of Mount Banajao at 800 m elevation, on rocks. Bur. Sci. 97,67 Robinson. Nearest- to E. brongniartianum, but besides tlie color of the leaves, having much freer venation, with the base entire- for a greater distance.
37. Elatostema benguetense sp. nov.
Sublignosum, ramosum, dioicum: receptaeulis sessilibus, t staminif- erorum bracteis haud corniculatis, floribus tetrameris: foliis sessilibus, firmiter membranaceis, plus minusve oblique elliptieis, anguste oblongis, vel laneeolatis, margine basi exeepta dentatis, haud acuminatis, tripli- nerviis; stipulis laneeolatis, 1 ad 1.5 mm longis.
More often dioecious : staminate receptacles sessile ; outer bracts free except at base, about 2.5 mm long, 3.5 to 4 mm wide at base, the apex broadly rounded, the keels not reaching the apex, sparingly pilose and densely ciliate; inner bracts broadly oblanceolate, 3 mm long, ciliate at the apex, not corniculate ; bracteoles similar but narrower ; perianth- segments 4, broadly oblong to lanceolate, 1.5 mm long, shortly corniculate, ciliate at least at the apex; anthers about 1 mm long; pistillate recep- tacles sessile; outer bracts suborbicular, free for about half their length, broadly rounded, not corniculate, about 1.5 mm long, other bracts obovate, equally long, densely ciliate ; bracteoles similar but narrower ; perianth minute, 3-lobed, glabrous or more or less ciliate; ovary very shortly stipitate, ellipsoid, 0.7 mm long, striate; stigma with deciduous white pubescence as long as itself ; achenes 1 mm long.
Erect, much branched, 20 to 60 cm high, the lower part of the stem glabrous and woody, the upper densely short-pubescent: leaves sessile, the lamina firmly membranaceous, more or less oblique, elliptic, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate, 8 to 30 mm long, 2 to 12 mm wide, the narrower side of the base acute or subobtuse, the wider subauriculate, the margins except . at the base with conspicuous but rather shallow teeth, or much more rarely merely sinuate, the teeth acute or somewhat blunt, directed forward, most often 8 on each side but varying from 6 to 12, or with fewer on reduced leaves, the terminal tooth 1 to 2 mm long, apiculate, but not extending beyond the general outline of the leaf; the upper surface glabrous or slightly pilose, with numerous cystoliths, the under
540
ROBINSON.
densely strigose on the veins or glabrous; triplinerved with about 4 ad- ditional veins; stipules lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 mm long.
. Luzon, District of Bontoc, Yanoverbergh 500 : District of Lepanto, Mount Data, Merrill 4507: Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, Merrill 656S, For. Bur. 16050 Curran, Merritt, & ZsckoJcke; Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4.354, 4592 Means, Bur. S6i. 8434 McGregor; Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), For. Bur. 5006 Curran (type), Elmer 6563, For. Bur. 11100 Whitforcl elevations from 1900 to 2200 m.
Easily distinguished from E brongmai tianum by its habit, from E. 'podophyl- lum by the narrower leaf-bases and the different serration.
38. Elatostema podophyllum Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 189.
Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4555 Means, For. Bur. 11/44 X Darling: Province of Tayabas, Mount Banajao, Cuming 7 89 (type collection); Mount Banajao de Lucban, For. Bur. 879 Klemine, Whitforcl 940 ; (Infanta), Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 9356, 9390 Robinson. Mindoeo, Mount Plalcon, Merrill 6171. The second collection cited from Mount Binuang, collected, at an elevation of 9Q0 m, has some of the leaves quite entire. The Mindoro distribution is to be noted, as it is only one of several cases that have been made evident by recent explorations. Probably all three Banajao collections were from the same mountain.
The pistillate receptacles are now known: it may be sufficient to say that they are sessile, of small size, and conform in all respects to the general type of the genus : the staminate flowers are 4- or 5-merous.
Endemic.’ . -
39. Elatostema halconense sp. nov.
Receptaculis pistilliferis sessilibus ; bracteis exterioribus subliberis lan- , ceolatis, haud acuminatis : lignosum, ramis apicem versus dense pubes- centibus ; foliis membranaeeis, oblanceolatis vel anguste elliptieis, mar- gine utroque latere dentibus saepissime duobus gerentibus, apice con- spicue acuminatis.
Pistillate receptacles sessile, small; outer, bracts free nearly to base, lanceolate, about 1.5 mm long, barely or not corniculate, densely pilose and ciliate; inner bracts similar but narrower; bracteoles linear-oblan- ceolate, densely pilose at the apex; flowers shortly pedicellate; perianth minute, 3-lobed, more or less ciliate; ovary ovoid, about 0.4 mm long; stigma penicillate-villose.
Erect, 30 to 70 cm high, the stems woody, much branched except near the base, the branches and the upper part of the stem covered with dense somewhat appressed pubescence; leaves sessile or 'subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, oblanceolate or, narrowly elliptic, 15 to 32 mm long,
5 to 10 mm wide, base of the narrower side acute, of the somewhat wider obtuse or very shortly auriculate, the basal half or two-thirds of the margins entire, then with usually 2 acute or obtuse teeth on each side, the acumen narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 13 mm long, acute, apiculate; the glabrous olivaceous upper surface with numerous cystoliths, under sur ■ face paler, appressed-pubescent on the veins, without conspicuous cys-
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
541
toliths; triplinerved, with 2 or 3 additional veins; stipules lanceolate, acute, pubescent, about 1.5 mm long, deciduous.
Mindoro, Mount Halcon, in ridge-forest at 750 m, Merrill 5786.
40. Elatostema sublignosum sp. nov.
E. haleonensi affine, sed cliffert foliis longioribus, magis dentatis, caule ramisque densius pubescentibus.
Pistillate receptacles sessile, 2 to 3 mm in diameter : outer pair of bracts ovate, 1.5 mm long, obliquely short-corniculate, ciliate, pilose; other bracts narrowly oblong, otherwise similar; bracteoles linear-oblan- eeolate, 1.5 mm long, long-pilose; flowers shortly pedicellate; perianth about 0.1 mm long, 3-lobed; ovary -elliptic, compressed, about 0.4 mm long; stigma penicillate-villose.
Erect, woody, especially as seen in dried material, 40 to 70 cm* high, widely branching, the branches and the upper part of the stem densely covered with dirty-yellowish somewhat spreading pubescence: leaves ses- sile or subsessile, the lamina membranaceous, obliquely oblanceolate to elliptic, 1.5 to 13.5 cm long, 5 to 32 mm wide, the base of the narrower side acute or more often subobtuse, that of the wider rounded or very shortly auriculate, teeth of the wider side 3 to 6, of the- narrower 2 to 5, most often 3, the acumen lanceolate, 7 to 35 mm long, acute or subacute; upper surface glabrous with very numerous eystoliths, the under fulvous- pilose ; triplinerved, with 3 or 4 additional veins ; stipules lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 9754 ( type ) , 9859 Robin- son; Mabalucbaluc, Bur. Sci. 6014 Robinson: growing at elevations from 600 to 800 in. A Formosan specimen, no. 1260, is nearly identical.
41. Elatostema baruringense Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 890.
Eeceptaculis staminiferis saepe fasciculatis, sessilibus ; bracteis ex-
terioribus basin versus liberis, late ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, 2 mm longis, haud corniculatis, pilosis, ciliatis; interioribus similibus, densius ciliatis; bracteolis lineari-oblanceolatis longe pilosis; perianthio 4-partito: foliis rigidiuscule membranaeeis, oblique ellipticis vel oblanceolatis, 8 ad 13 cm longis, 24 ad 42 mm latis, pagina superiore costa excepta glabra, marginibus lateris latioris 9- ad 14-dentatis, apice acuminatis; tripliner- viis, venis saepissime 5 vel 6 additis ; aliter sicut in specie praecedente.
Mindanao, District of Davao, Baruring River, in dense forests at 1,200 m, Elmer 10916.
This and the two preceding species are very closely allied, possibly having their nearest alliance among previously described species in E. integrifolium Wedd., from "which the stipules and still more the details of structure of the staminate flowers keep them quite distinct. When compared with one another, it is equally obvious that they are very similar and yet not identical, but with the differences of such a nature that additional collections may serve to unite
542
ROBINSON.
them. The chief differences are in the pubescence and the number of leaf-teeth, characters apt to be variable, but the specimens from the various localities are fairly constant with one another. Superficially, there is considerable resemblance between E. halconense and E. caudatum Hallier,39 but they are probably in quite different alliances : it is very probable that E. thalictroides Stapf 40 is much more closely allied, though quite distinct. From E. lineolatum Wight, which it greatly resembles, it can readily be distinguished by the stipules;
42. Elatostema integrifolium Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 6 1 (1869) 179.
Procris integrifolia Don Prodr. PI. Nepal. (1825) 61.
Elatostema- sesquifolium Hassle. Cat. Hort. Bogor. Alt. (1844) 79.
Procris sesquifolia Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. (1825) 511.
Elatostema cuspidiferum Miq. PI. Jungle (1851) 22.,
Mindanao, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 105 11/ : Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1/06: District of Zamboanga, San Ramon, Copeland 735. Palawan, Malampaya, iM errill, 721/8 j Point Separation, Merrill SIS.
It would be very difficult to get a better description of the plants above cited than that given for this species by Weddell, yet they are not exactly matched by any of two Javan collections received under the name of E. sesquifolium, nor by two from India named E. integrifolium , nor are they quite identical with one another; although there can be no doubt of the very close alliance of all nine. Blume, the only writer who has described the pistillate flowers of this species, has done so in such a way that his plants could hardly belong in Elatostema. To that genus, the staminate receptacles show that all of the Philippine' collections belong, but their pistillate receptacles are as yet unknown. Miquel, in describing E. cuspidiferum, which he as well as Weddell and Hooker later identified with E. sesquifolium, said that the staminate bracts were apiculate. They are not apiculate in the Philippine collections ; Hooker describes them as rounded.
43. Elatostema scapigerum sp. nov.
Receptaculis staminiferis magnis, longe pedunculatis, peduneulis e plantae basi oriundis, receptaculis pistilliferis in foliorum axillis ses- silibus : f oliis admodum parvis., oblique lanceolatis ad obovatis, bdsis uno latere acutis altero rotundatis, margine dent-atis, apice breviter vel haud acuminatis, subtriplinerviis.
Staminate receptacles on rather stout pubescent peduncles 6 to 8.5 cm long, arising in the axils of branches at or near the surface of the ground, 13 to about 20 mm in diameter ; bracts strongly fused near the peduncle, free for about 2 mm along the margins, stellately arranged, lanceolate, pilose, acuminate but hardly corniculate, a single ovate outer one seen; perianth-segments 4, ovate, corniculate, 2.5 mm long, cu- cullate, pilose; filaments 4, 2 mm long, anthers 1 mm long: pistillate receptacles sessile in the axils of present or fallen leaves, up to 5.5 mm in diameter; bracts fused, the free portions lanceolate or oblong-lance- olate, about 1.5 mm long, ciliate-serrate ; perianth 3-lobed, about 0.1 mm long; ovary ovoid, about 0.5 mm long, smooth or the achene somewhat striate.
39 Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 13 (1896 ) 307, pi. 27, f. 3.
10 Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II 4 (1894) 229, pi. 19, f. B, 5-S.
PHILIPPINE URTICACEAE.
543
Stems apparently creeping with erect branches, up to 30 cm long, densely nearly appressed-pubescent : leaves subssessile, the lamina firmly membranaceous, inequilateral, obliquely oval or somewhat lanceolate or obovate, 15 to 26 mm long, 7 to 13 mm wide, one side of base rounded, the other acute, the narrower side with from 2 to 5 teeth, the wider with from 4 to 7, the apical tooth little or not projecting beyond the general outline of the leaf ; sparingly pilose on the upper surface, strongly so beneath especially on the veins, the upper with numerous linear cystoliths, the under minutely punctate, subtriplinerved, the basal nerve of the narrower side distinctly longer that the usually 2 veins, on the wider side little or. not longer than the 3 veins; stipules lanceolate, about 3 mm long.
Luzon, Province of Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 587 (type). With this may belong Merrill 4378, Baguio to Ambuklao, Benguet, with immature pistillate receptacles. The position of the staminate peduncle is so entirely different from that in any other of our species that there is a bare possibility that it may prove a mon- strosity, otherwise it is a perfectly typical Eldtostema. The structure of the receptacles shows that it is not at all a primitive form, as is the case with a high proportion of our species having peduncled receptacles.
{To be concluded.']
REVIEWS.
A Research on the Pines of Australia. By Richard T. Baker, F. L. S, curator and economic botanist, and Henry G. Smith, F. 0. S., assistant curator and economic chemist. With an introduction by the minister of public instruc- tion, J. A. Hogue. Published by the authority of the government of the State of Hew South Wales. Technical Education Series, No. 16, department of education, technical education branch, technological museum/ New South Wales. Folio. Cloth. Pp. xiv+458. 3 maps, LXXVII plates, 298 figures.
Sydney, 1910.
This elaborate and profusely illustrated work is one of a series (see JSTo. 13 on the Eucalypts of Australia and their Essential Oils) in which important groups of Australian plants are considered, the effort being to treat them systematically, with the aid of all available sources of informa- tion, whether biological or chemical.
The Australian and Tasmanian Coniferae are considered under eleven genera and thirty-eight species. The genus Callitris, with eighteen species, receives the most extended consideration. The authors express the belief that this genus contains what are perhaps the oldest living representatives of the order. They propose to place the genera Callitris and Actinostrobus in close proximity to Araucaria and A gathis, regard- ing the bracts of the cones in the first-mentioned genera as sterile sporophylls.
The presence of a manganese compound in the wood, leaves, bark and lamella of Callitris and the other genera is noted. It is suggested that the dark-colored, glistening substance filling the so-called resin-cells in the secondary Avood of the conifers is in reality this compound. The work of the authors does not seem to me to be conclusive as regards this point. The consistent occurrence of manganese in various parts of Callitris and other Australian conifers is taken to mean that manganese is a necessary constituent in the production of the most complete growth of these species. This conclusion does not seem to the reviewer to be warranted. It is not sufficiently well shown that the manganese is beneficial.
The taxonomy of the group is not fully treated. This perhaps is due to the lack of literature mentioned by the authors in several places. There is noticeable in the work a certain regrettable looseness in the use of technical terms.; for example, the term “pines” is used in the title
99454 6 545
546
REVIEWS.
to refer to the conifers of Australia, when true pines do. not occur in that region. In several places, as on pages 296, 331, 377, 427, the term cells is used where bordered pits are meant. The illustrations are, in the main, very good. ■■.Natural color photography has been used in the reproduction of some of the micro-sections. Unfortunately, some of the sections, were too thick to make it possible to show much of detail in their reproduction. F. W. F.
In addition to tlie botanical features of the book reviewed in the above paragraphs, there are -many things which will arouse the interest of an organic chemist. The advantages accruing from the cooperation of botanist and chemist are well shown in the systematic method of treat- ment and the arrangement of the subject-matter.
The work on essential oils contains many noteworthy results, a few of which may be cited. The optical rotation of the'terpenes of the oils from the leaves of some species of Callitris is in the opposite direction to that obtained from the fruits, even if collected from the same tree; some of the leaf oils contain a high per cent of geranyl acetate; guaiol occurs in the wood of most of the species of Callitris. A new phenol, named by the author, callitrol, has been isolated. Limonene is found in the majority of the species’ of the same genus associated with geraniol and geranyl acetate. Athrotaxis sdaginoides Don yields limonene having the rota- tion [a]D -j- 112.2° : the oil distilled from Dacrydium franklinii Hook, f. contains a new terpene which the authors have termed dacrydene; methyl eugenol occurs to the extent of about 86 per cent in the oil dis- tilled from the wood of Dacrydium franklinii Hook. f. A new diterpene was isolated from the oil yielded by Pliyllocladus rhomboidalis Rich. '
The large amount of material which the authors have examined is probably responsible for the fact that the experimental work appears to have been curtailed to the extent that serious doubts arise in the mind of the reader as to whether or not some of the compounds described were identified with sufficient exactness. More precise quantitative data would add considerable value to the book from the standpoint of a chemist, and it is probable that anyone interested in the commercial phases of ' the work would make the same criticism. For instance, it is suggested that Agatliis robusta C. Moore may be a commercial source of turpentine, yet the average yield of oleo-resin per tree, the rate of flow of the resin, or the relative abundance of these trees in any given district is not stated.
B. T. B.
REVIEWS.
547
The Smuts of Australia. Their Structure, Life History, Treatment, and Clas- sification. By D. MeAlpine. Cloth. Pp-. vi+288. Frontispiece. LVI plates, 15 text figures. Price, with postage, 4s. 9d. Melbourne : Department of Agri- culture, 1910.
This work, a companion volume to “The Rusts of Australia/’ by the same author, has much more than a local value. It is so written as to be at once a scientific paper of great excellence, and to be within the grasp of everyone who is forced to combat a disease caused by species of the group. A short glossary gives explanations of the few terms likely .to cause difficulty.
Descriptions are given of 68 species in 10 genera, practically all of them figured; 11 are new, there are several additional transfers, and a change of name which, however desirable it may be from one standpoint, is not in accordance with the present usage of workers in other groups. A very few of these are known from the Philippines.
The interest to those concerned with problems of more tropical regions is not so much in the purely systematic part of the work, as the extended discussions of many general problems, embodying the results of much recent work on the part of the author and of others, and in the descrip- tions of methods followed' both in the investigations and in the practical treatment of the diseases. In this way, it will prove of the greatest as- sistance to all who are in any way interested in these destructive fungi in any country in the world. The life-histories are given, so far as known.
Criticisms must be of a very minor nature. The method of number- ing the figures is somewhat confusing, and it would aid at least the reviewer to have the new species and combinations designated as such. There are a few cases where exception might be taken to the nomenclature. The paper is of good quality, and the proof has been very carefully read.
C. B. r;
ERRATA.
Page 86, line 10 from tlie top, for Thumb., read Thunb.
■Page 128, line 7 from the top, for Rhnychosia, read llhynchosiu .
Page 144, last line, for subullgerum, read subuligerum.
Page 326, line 7 from the top, for ANTHRAXON, read ARTHRAXON. Page 371, last line, for T. oldhami, read R. oldhavii.
549
INDEX
(New genera and species and combinations published for the first time are in black- faced type; synonyms and species mentioned incidentally in the text are indicated by the page references being in italics.)
Abrus Linn . 108
abrus "W. F. Wight . 108
fruticulosus Wall 109
laevigatus E. Mey 109
precatorius Linn 108
pulchellus Wall 109
Abutilon Tourn 197
graveolens var. hirtum
Mast 197
hirtum (Lam.) G. Don 197
Acacia Willd. 27
caesia (Linn.) Willd.' 29
concinna DC. ..L:..,: - 28
concinna Naves 29
confusa Merr. „ • 27
farnesiana (Linn.) Willd 28
glauca Willd SO
holosericea A. Cunn 30
intsia Willd 29
lebbeck Willd 23
lebbekoides DC 23
marginata Ham. 23, 2 If
' niopo Llanos , 33
pennata (Linn.) Willd 29
var. arrophula (Don)
Baker „. . 29, 30
var. pluricapitata (Steud.) Baker .... 29, 30
philippinarum Benth 28, 29
procera Willd 21
richii Forbes & Hemsl. ..Ml 27, 28
rugata (Lam.) Ham A....... 28
Acalypha Linn 191, 357
australis Linn 192
grandibracteata Merr 191
grandis var. velutina Muell.-
Arg - 357
stipulacea Klotz 357
tiliaefolia Muell.-Arg 192
Aeanthaceae 229, 386
Acanthoeladium Mitt 159
korthalsii Broth. 159
lancifolium Broth 159
robinsonii Broth 159
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight 136
Adenanthera Linn. 32
gogo Blanco 32
intermedia Merr ■ 32
pavonina Auct. Philip. .. 32
Page.
Adiantum Linn <520
edgeworthii Hook 320
Adinandra Jack 363
dumosa Jack 363
montana Merr 363
Aecidium clerodendri P. Henn 164
Aerobryopsis Fleisch 153
longissima (Doz. &
Molk.) Fleisch 153
longissima var. dozyana
(C. Mull.) Fleisch. .. 153
Aeschynomene Linn 76
arborea Blanco 80
aspera Yog 76
cannabina Retz 7 If
grandiflora Linn 75
indica Linn 76
paludosa Roxb 7 If
roxburghii Spreng 76
Afzelia bijuga A. Gray 1 IfO
palembanica (Miq.) Baker 41
rhomboidea Vid. ltl
Agati cannabina Desv 7 If
grandiflora Desv 7 5
Ageratum Linn 393
conyzoides Linn 393
Aglaia Lour 184, 355
elliptifolia Merr 355
lanceolata Merr 184
Agrostis Linn 328
elmeri Merr 328
perennans (Walt.) Tuck 328
virginica Linn 171
Ainsliaea DC 401
reflexa Merr 401
Aira flexuosa Linn 330
Albizzia Durazz 21
acle (Blanco) Merr 25
julibrissin F.-Vill 23
julibrissin Vid 23, 21f
lebbeck (Linn.) Benth 23
lebbekoides (DC.) Benth 23
littoralis Tqysm. & Binn 22
lueida Merr. 21f
lucida (Roxb.) Benth 26
marginata (Lam.) Merr 23
odoratissima (Linn, f.) Benth. 21f, 26
procera Perk 22, 23
procera (Roxb.) Benth 21
551
552
INDEX.
Page.
Albizzia retusa Benth — 22
retusa Perk 21
saponaria (Lour.) Blume 24
scandens Merr 21
stipulata Boiv 23, 21f
tomentella Merr 21f, 25
Alchornea Muell.-Arg 192
mollis F.-Vill 192
parviflora Muell.-Arg 192
sicca (Blanco) Merr 192
Aletris Linn 338
spicata (Thunb. ) Franch 338
Alstonia R. Br , 224
paucinervia Merr 224
Alysicarpus Neck 91
bupleurifolius (Linn.)
DC 91 !
nummularifolius (Linn.)
DC 92
vaginalis (Linn.) DC 92
vaginalis var. nummula- rifolius Miq 92
Amaranthaceae 346
Amaranthus Linn 346
spinosus Linn 346
Amerimnon mimosella Blanco 97, 98
Amorpha glandulosa Blanco 68
Ampelopsis Micbx 360
heterophylla (Thunb.)
Sieb. & Zucc 360
Anacardiaceae 357
Anaphalis DC ; 397
adnata (Wall.) DC 397
contorta (Don) Hook. f. .. 397
Anastrophyllum Steph 310
Andira horsfieldii Lescb 107
Andrachne trifoliata Roxb 356
' Andropogon Linn 167
citratus DC 167
schoenanthus Blanco 167
sehoenanthus Linn 167
Anemone Linn As. .i.-L 348
vitifolia Ham 348
Aniselytron Merr 328
agrostoides Merr .... 329
Anoectangium (Hedw.) Bryol. Bur. .. 144
euchloron (Schwaegr.)
Mitt. ' 144
Anomobryum Schimp 146, 313
cymbifolium (Lindb.)
Broth 147
gemmigerum Broth 146
uncinifolium Broth. .. 146, 313
Anthoxanthum Linn. 328
luzoniense Merr. .3™® -328
Apalatoa blancoi Merr. 39 /
Apluda Linn 326
mutica Linn 326
Apocynaceae 224
Aquifoliaceae 193, 358
Araceae 335
Arachis Linn 77
hypogaea Linn 77
Araliaceae 1 210, 369
Page.
AraliaJLinn 369
hypoleuca Presl 369
Ardisia Sw 212, 372
biflora Merr 212
boissieri A. DC 217
dementis Elm < 213
confertiflora Merr 213
crispa (Thunb.) A. DC 372
curranii Merr 214
curtipes Merr 372
darlingii Merr 215
diffusa Merr '... 216
humilis Mez 216,217
laneeolata Roxb. 216
littoralis Andr 216, 217
macgregorii Merr ' 217
mindorensis Merr 218
oblongifolia Merr 219
palawanensis Merr 220
pardalina Mez 372
pirifolia Mez 217
purpurea Reinw 216
reptans Merr -220
verrucosa Presl 217
Arenaria Linn 346
serpyllifolia Linn 346
Arisaema Mart 336
cumingii Schott 336
polyphyllum (Blanco)
Merr 336
polyphyllum var. angus-
tifolium Merr 336
Aristida Linn 328
cumingiana Trin. & Rupr. .. 328
Aristolochiaceae 174
Aristolochia Linn 174
macgregorii Merr 174
Artemisia Linn 398
capillaris Thunb 398
Arthraxon Beauv . 326
ciliaris subsp. quartinia-
nus (A. Rich.) Hack. .. 326
micro phyllus (Trin.)
Hochst 326
Arundinaria Michx. 267, 332
niitakayamensis H a -
yata 267, 332
pygmaea Kurz 268
Arundinella Raddi 326
setosa Trin 326
Asclepiadaceae 379
Asplenium Linn 319
contiguum Kaulf 319
elmeri Christ 319
filiceps Copel 285
lepturus J. Sm 320
loherianum Christ .320
stantoni Copel 320
trifoliatum Copel 284
Aster Linn 394
philippinensis Moore 39Jt
trinervius Roxb 394
Astilbe Ham 351
philippinensis Henry 351
INDEX.
553
Page.
Astroealyx Merr 203
pleiosandra Merr 203
Athyrium Roth : 319
anisopterum Christ 319
aristulatum Copel, 319
drepanopteron (Ktze.) A.
Br 319
macrocarpum (Blume)
Bedd 319
nigripes var. mearnsianum
Copel 319
platyphyllum Copel 319
Atylosia crassa Prain 12 7
mollis Benth 127
mollis F.-Vill 127
scarabaeoides Benth 128
Auerswaldia merrillii P. Henn 165
Aulacolepis japonica Hack. 329
treutleri Hack 329
u
Balanophoraceae 345
Balanophora Forst 345
micrantha Warb 345
Balantium Kaulf 316
copelandi Christ 316
Bambusa Schreb 268
beecheyana Munro — 271
blumeana Schultes f 270
corniculata Kurz 269 j
cornuta Munro 269 ,
diffusa Blanco 27.'; 1
horsfieldii Munro 270
latiflora Kurz 271 !
levis Blanco 275
lima Blanco 275
lumampao Blanco 27 3
merrillii Gamble 269
monogyna Blanco 268
nana Roxb 268
pygmaea Miq 267
scandens B1 278
spinosa Blume 270
teba Miq 270
verticillata Benth 271
vulgaris Schrad 268
vulgaris var. striata Gamble 269 .
Barbella (C. Mull.) Pleisch. 153
pendula (Sull.) Pleisch 153
Bartramiaceae 149, 313
Baryxylum inerme Pierre 58 ",
Basidiomycetes 163
Bauhinia Linn 42
acida Reinw 1,3
acuminata Linn 43
aherniana Perk 45
antipolana Perk 45
bidentata F.-Vill 1,1,
binata Blanco 43
binatp. Naves 1,3
blancoi Baker 1,3
castrata Blanco 46
copelandii Merr 1,1,
cumingiana (Benth») F.- Vill 44
Page.
Bauhinia dolichocalyx Merr. 44
elongata Korth. ™ 46
ferruginea Perk. 1,5
fulva F.-Vill 1,5
grandiflora Blanco 1,1,
inermis Perr 47
kappleri Sagot 1,6
khasiana Baker 46
krugii Urban 1 . 1,6
latisiliqua Cav 46, 57
leptopus Perk. 44
lunaria Cav 46
malabarica Roxb i 43
merrilliana Perk 45
monandra Kurz 46
nymphaeifolia Perk ....I... 45
perkinsae Merr. 45
pinchotiana Perk. 1 45
pinnata Walp 1,3
purpurea Linn 1,3 , 1,6
purpurea Vid. 1,3
pyrrhaneura Korth. 1,1,
racemosa Lam 46
t retusa Ham 46
richardiana Wall 1,6
rufa Grah 46
scandens Blanco 1,1,
semibifida Vid — -IMa! 1,5
subglabra Merr 44
subrotundifolia Cav 46
subrotundifolia F.-Vill 1,6
tomentosa Blanco 1,3
tomentosa Linn 43
vahlii P.-Vill hk
variegata Linn 46
warburgii Perk. 1.. 46
whitfordii Elmer 44
Begoniaceae 365
Begonia Linn 365
cumingiana A. DC 365
manillensis A. DC 365
merrittii Merr 365
Berberidaceae ' 348
Berberis Linn ■ 348
barandana Vid 348
wallichiana DC 31,8
Biancaea sappan Todaro 1 55
Bidens Linn 398
pilosa Linn _. 398
Bischofia Blume 356
javanica Blume 356
trifoliata Hook. f. ...^ 656
Blechnum Linn 320
fraseri var. philippinense
(Christ) Copel. 320
Blumea DC r 254, 394
appendiculata (Blume) DC. 394
chamissoniana DC 395
oonfertiflora Merr 254
inoisa (Elm.) Merr 395
longipes Merr 255
mindanaensis Merr 256
mollis (Don) Merr 395
ramosii Merr 256
wightiana Hook, f 395
554
INDEX.
Page.
Boeoa edulis Baill 108
Boehmeria interrupta Willd. — gra 476
nivea (Linn.) Gaudich. .. Ifi5
Boenninghausenia Reichb 355
albiflora (Linn.)
Reichb , 355
Boraginaeeae . 379
Botor tetragonoloba 0. Ktz. „ 136
Brachiolejeunea Spruce 311
repleta Tayl Ill
Bracbymenium Schwaegr 146, 313
exile (Doz. & Molk.)
Bryol. Jav 146
nepalense Hook 146, 313
Bracbypodium Beauv 332
sylvaticum subsp. lu-
, zoniense Hack. 332
Braebytbeciaceae 161
Bradburya plumieri 0. Ktz 109
Braunfelsia Par. ...1..,. 7-:-^--:-- 138, 312
luzonensis Broth. 138, 312
Breutelia Schimp 149, 313
arundinifolia (Dub.) Broth. 149
merrillii Broth 149j 313
Breynia Forst. 356
rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.-
Arg 356
Bridelia Willd 356
Brothera C. Miill : 139
leana (Sull.) C. Mull 139
Bryaceae 146, 313
Bryophyllum Salisb 351
pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz 351
Bryophyta 131, 310
Bryum Dill., Schimp 147,313
ambiguum Dub 147
argenteum Linn 147
coronatum Schwaegr 147
diversifolium Broth 147
erectum Broth jpSjs 147
ramosuin (Hook.) Mitt 148, 313
rubrolimbatum Broth _• 147
Buchnera Linn , 386
urticifolia R. Br 386
Buddleia Linn 378
asiatica Lour 378
Bulbostylis Kunth 334
capillaris (Linn.) Kunth.. 334
Bulgariaceae i-l...* 165
Bulgaria pusilla Syd 165
Butea gyrocarpa Wall 119
Bythophyton Hook, f 229
• indieum (Hk. f. & Th.)
Hk. f 229
C
Cacara erosa O. Ktz 135
Caesalpinia Linn ' 53
arborea Zoll 57
benguetensis Elmer ..I5|l»k 55
bonduc Roxb. ■ ■' 54
bonducella Flem. iLii,-.!-:.., ’ 53
crista Linn. : 53
crista Perk 51f
cucullata Roxb 56
Page.
Caesalpinia ferruginea Decne 57
glabra (Mill.) Merr 54
ignota Blanco 56
inermis Roxb 57
laevigata Perr 5Jf
mimosoides Lam 55
nuga (Linn.) Ait 54
pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw. 54
sappan Linn £ 55
sepiaria Roxb 55
sumatrana Roxb 57
torquata Blanco 57
Cajan cajan Miilsp 126
inodorum Medic 126
Cajanus DC 126, 354
bicolor DC 126
cajan (Linn.) Merr 127
flavus DC 126
indicus Spreng 126, 354
quinquepetalus Blanco 81
. volubilis Blanco 127
Calamagrostis Roth 330
filifolia Merr. 330
Calamintha Moench 383
umbrosa (Bieb.) Benth. .. 383
Calliandra saman Griseb 16
Callicarpa Linn 380
caudata Maxim 380
stenophylla Merr 380
Callicostella (C. Mull.) Jaeg 157
papillata (Mont.) Jaeg. 157
Calophyllum Linn 197
amplexicaule Choisy 199
gracilipes Merr 197
racemosum Merr 198
Calycbphyllum grandiilorum Meyen .. 21/2
Calyptothecium Mitt 154, 314
macgregorii Broth. .. 314
tumidum Fleisch. .... 314
Campanulaceae ’ -i1?.1-- 392
Campylodontium Doz. & Molk 155
flavescens (Hook.)
Bryol. Jav. 155
Campylopodium (C. Miill.) Besch 137
euphorocladum (C.
Miill.) Besch 137
Campylopus Brid 139, 312
caudatus (C. Miill.)
Mont. 139
densinervis Broth 140, 312
foxworthyi Broth 139
Canavalia DC. ||||l - 124
ensiformis Blanco 125
ensiformis (Linn.) DC 125
ensiformis var. turgida Ba- ker Ill 12k
gladiata (Jacq.) DC 126
lineata (Thunb.) DC 125
obtusifolia DC 125
obtusifolia Prain 12k
turgida Grah 124
virosa Naves 12k
Cannaceae 340
Canna Linn 340
indica Linn 340
INDEX.
555
Page.
Cantharospermum W. & A 127
searabaeoides
(Linn.) Baill 128
volubile (Blanco)
Merr. 127
Caprifoliaceae 391
Cardamine Linn 350
regeliana Miq 350
Carex Linn 334
baccans Nees 334
breviculmis R. Br 335
brunnea Thunb 335
filicina Nees 335
graeffeana Boeckl 335
loher-i C. B. Clarke 335
rafflesiana var. scaberrima
(Boeck.) Kukenth 335
rara subsp. capillacea Boott.... 335 tristacbya var. pocilliformis
(Boott) Kukenth. .. 335
Carionia triplinervia Rolfe 209 , 368
Carpesium Linn 397
cernuum Linn '4$ 397
Carpopogon giganteum Roxb 116
imbricatum Roxb 116
niveum Roxb 117
pruriens Roxb — 117
Caryophyllaeeae . 346
Caryospermum philippinense Yid 359
Cassia Linn 47
alata Linn. 50
arayatensis Llanos 51
arayatensis Naves 51
candenatensis Dennst 97
divaricata Nees & Blume 49
fistula Blanco 48
fistula Linn 47
florida Vahl 51
glauca Lam 49
hirsuta Linn 50
javanica Linn 48
javanica var. pubifolia Merr. .. 48
longisiliqua Blanco 50
mimosoides Linn . 51
montana Heyne 51
montana Naves — 51
nodosa Auct. Philip 48
occidentalis Linn 50
siamea Lam 51
sopbera Linn 50
sulcata Blanco|§|&&j| 50
surattensis Burm 49
timoriensis DC 51
timoriensis var. xanthocoma
Miq 51
tora Linn 49
xanthocoma Miq 51
Celastraceae 359
Celtis Linn 174
crenato-serrata Merr 174
Centratherum Cass 393
fruticosum Vid 393
Centrosema Benth 109
plumieri (Turp.) Benth. .. 109
Page.
Cephalomedinilla Merr 204
anisophylla Merr. .. 205
Cephalostachyum Munro 272
mindorense Gamble.. 272
Ceratodon Brid 137, 312
stenocarpus Byrol. Bur. 137, 312
Cercospora personata (B. & C.) Ellis.. 166
Cestichis Pfitz 341
benguetensis Ames 341
Chamabainia Wight 344
cuspidata Wight 344
Chandonanthus Mitt ,. 310
fragillimus Steph 310
hirtellus Mitt 310
Chavica lessertiana Miq 427
miniata var. hirtella Miq. .. 422
officinarum Miq.- 439
Cheilanthes Sw 320
farinosa (Porsk.) Kaulf. .. 320
Cheriopodiaceae 175, 346
Chenopodium Linn 175, 346
ambrosioides Linn 346
polyspermum Linn 175
Chloranthaceae ... .1 342
Chloranthus Linn ; 342
brachystachys Blume .. 342
Chrysocladium Bleisch 153, 314
rufifolioides Broth. 153, 314
Cicer arietinum Linn 136
Cirsium Scop. v:>_ 399
luzoniense Merr 399
wallichii Elm ..... 399
Citta nigricans Lour. ■’ 116
Cladium Schrad 171
filiforme Merr 172
philippinense Merr 171
Claoxylon Juss. 357
purpureum Merr. 357
Clastobryum Doz. & Molk 155, 315
robustum Broth. ...... 155, 315
Clausena Burm 180
mollis Merr 181
worcesteri Merr 180
Cleistoloranthus Merr. 345
verticillatus Merr. .. 345
Clematis Linn ...1....... 347
aristata R. Br 348
' leschenaultiana DC 348
maogregorii Merr. 347
Clethraceae 371
Clethra Linn fjL.i. 371
luzonica Merr. 371
Clianthus Banks & Sol 75
binnendyckianus Kurz 75
Clitoria Linn 109
philippensis Perr 109
plumieri Turp 109
ternatea Linn 109
Cnicus argyracanthus F.-Vill. 399
wallichii Rolfe 399
Coelogyne Lindl. ...... ..A* 340
integerrima Ames 340
Coffea Linn 389
arabica Linn 389
, tetrandra Roxb 24 3
556
INDEX.
Page.
Coix Linn 325
lacryma-jobi Linn 325
Coleus Lour 382
crispipilus Merr. . 382
raacranthus Merr 382
macranthus var. 'crispipila
Merr 382
zschokkei Merr 382
Collaea mollis 'Grah 127
Combretaceae 202
Compositae 252, 393
Conocephalus erectus P.-Vill 507
grandifolius Warb 507
ovatus Tree 508
suaveolens F.-Vill 508
yiplaceus Merr 508
Convolvulaeeae - 225, 379
Conyza Less . , — 394
bifoliata Cham. & Less 395
japonica (Thunb.) Less . 394
viscidula Wall 394
Coriariaceae 357
Coriaria Niss 357
intermedia Matsum 357
Coronilla emerus Blanco 7)
Cracca purpurea Linn 69
Crassulaceae 351
Crepis Linn 401
japonica (Linn.) Benth 401
Crotalaria Linn . 59
acicularis Ham 61
albida Heyne - 61
angulosa Lam .. 62
assamica Benth 62
bracteata Roxb. — — 63
calycina Schranlt — 60
chinensis Linn . 61
formosana Matsum — 60
ferruginea Grah 61
ferruginea var. major
Benth 61
humifusa Grah 61
incana Linn 63
juncea Linn 62
laburnifolia Linn 64
linifolia Linn, f 60
macrophylla Willd. 1.30
nervosa Grah 91
pallida Blanco /. :... 60
prostrata Ceron 61
prostrata Roxb 61
pumila Blanco 60
quinquefolia Linn. ".'i.i-. 64
radiata Merr 63
retusa Linn 62
saltiana Andr 62
sericea Retz 64
sessiliflora Linn 60
stenophylla Yog ...i...... 60
striata DC 62
tuberosa Ham 129
verrucosa Linn . 62
Cruciferae '... 350
Crudia Schreb 39
bantamensis (Hassk.) Merr. .. 39
Page.
Crudia blancoi Rolfe 39
spicata Blanco 39
subsimplicifolia Merr 39
Cryphaeaceae 151, 314
Cucurbitaceae 391
Currania Copel 319
gracilipes Copel 319
Curraniodendron Merr 177
dedeaeoides Merr. .. 177
Cyatheaceae 316
Cyathea Sm 316
contaminans (Wall.) Copel. .. 316
fuliginosa (Christ) Copel. .... 316
Cyathus poeppigii Tul 163
Cyclophorus Desv 323
sticticus (Ktze.) C. Chr. 323
Cylista piscatoria Blanco 106
Cymbopogon citratus Stapf 167
Cynoglossum Tourn 379
furcatum Wall 379
Cynometra Linn 35
aeutiflora Vid 35
alternifolia Elm 38
bijuga Spanoghe 36, 37
bijuga var. mimosoides
(Wall.) Merr 36
cauliflora Linn. 35
densiflora Elmer 35
inaequifolia A. Gray 36
luzoniensis Merr 37
mimosoides Wall f 36
ramiflora Linn 37
ramiflora subsp. bijuga
Prain 36
ramiflora var. mimusoides
Baker 36
simplicifolia Harms .....J|||K 37
simplicifolia var. oblon- gata Merr 37
warburgii Harms 37
Cyperaceae 171, 333
Cyperus Linn 333
distans Linn, f 333
Cyrtandra Forst 386
Cytisus cajan Linn 126
pinnatus Linn 101
pseudo-cajan Jacq 126
quinquepetalus Blanco 81
volubilis Blanco 127
Cytospora calami Syd. 166
D
Dalbergia Linn, f : 95
arborea Willd ! .....' 101
candenatensis (Dennst.)
Prain 97
cassioides Wall 98
cumingiana Benth 98
cumingii Benth 98
discolor Blume 98
ferruginea Roxb 97
heterophylla Willd 105
lanceolaria F.-Vill 98
lanceolaria Llanos 98
limonensis Benth 97 '
INDEX.
557
Page.
Dalbergia luzonensis Yog 97
mimosella (Blanco) Pram 98
minaliassae Koord 97, 98
monosperma Dalz 97
parviflora Roxb 98
pinnata (Lour.) Prain. 96
pinnata var. badia Merr, .. 96
polypbylla Benth 96
scandens Roxb . 96, 104
spinosa Roxb 98
stipulacea F.-Vill 97
tamarindifolia Roxb. i . 96
timoriensis DC 104
torta Grab 97
Volubilis Llanos 98
zollingeriana Miq. 98
Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. &
DeNot 164
gollani P. Henn 164
Dalea Linn 68
alopecuroides Blanco 68
glandulosa Merr 68
nigra Mart. & Gal 68
Daltonia Hook. & Tayl 156, 315
revoluta Broth 156, 315
Damapana ciliata O. Ktz 77
sensitiva O. Ktz 76
Daphne Tourn 366
luzonica C. B. Rob 366
Daphniphyllum Blume 356
glaucescens Blume .... 356
Davallia Sm 318
denticulata (Burm.) Mett. .. 318
Debregeasia Gaudich 344
longifolia (Burm.) Wedd. 344
Decaspermum Forst 366
paniculatum (Lindl.)
Kurz 366
Dedea media Baill 178
minor Baill 178
Deguelia timoriensis Taub 104
Delonix Raf 52
regia (Boj.) Raf 52
Dendrobium Sw 341
heterocarpum Wall. ...... 341
Dendrocalamus Nees 270
curranii Gamble 271
latiflorus Munro 271
parviflorus Hack. ...... 272
Dendrochilum Blume 340
anfraetoides Ames 340
arachnitis Reichb. f 340
cinnabarinum Pfitzer.... 340
loheri Ames 340
pulogense Ames 340
tenuifolium ( Ames)
Pfitz. ip! 340
uneatum Reichb. f 340
venustulum (Ames)
Pfitz 341
Dendrolobium cumingianum Benth. .. 80
umbellatum W. & A 80
Dennstaedtia Bernh 318
scabra (Wall.) Moore .. 318
Page.
Derris Lour 102
cumingiana Vid 104
cumingii Benth 104
diadelpha (Blanco) Merr 103
discolor Benth 107
elegans (Grah.) Benth . 105
elliptica (Roxb.) Benth 106
ferruginea Benth 106, 107
floribunda Naves 103
lianoides Elmer 106
malaccensis Prain 106
micans Perk 106
mindorensis Perk 106
montana Jungh 106
multiflora Vid 104
multiflora var. ? longifolia
Benth i 10 4
philippinensis Merr 104
pinnata Lour 96
polyantha Perk * 103
scandens (Roxb.) Benth 104
sinuata Thwaites 103
thyrsiflora Benth 103
thyrsiflora F.-Vill 103
trifoliata Lour 105
uliginosa Benth 105
Deschampsia Beauv 330
caespitosa (Linn.)
Beauv 330
flexuosa (Linn.) Trin. .. 330
Desmodiurh Desv 78,354
bolsteri Merr. & Rolfe 83
buergeri Miq 85
capitatum (Burm.) DC. - 84
cephalotes F.-Vill. ; 81
chamissonis Vog 82
cumingianum (Benth.)
Benth. & Hook, f 80
diversifolium Blanco 87
elegans (Lour.) Benth. .. 80
gangeticum Blanco 88
gangeticum (Linn.) DC. .. 87
gangeticum Naves 87
gangeticum var. neaei DC. 87
gardneri Benth 82
gyrans (Linn.) DC 86
gyroides (Roxb.) DC 86
heterocarpum (Linn.) DC. 84 heterophyllum (Willd.)
DC 85
kingianum Prain 88
lasiocarpum (Beauv.) DC. 88
latifolium DC pgs 88
lati.folium var. virgatum
Miq 87
laxiflorum DC 81
laxum DC 82
leptopus A. Gray 82
malacophyllum (Link)
DC. ' 84
microphyllum (Thunb.)
DC. 86, 354
ormocarpoides (Desv.)
DC 82
558
INDEX.
Page.
Desmodium ovalifolium Wall 85
parvifolium Blanco - 85
parvifolium DC ' 86
pilosiusculum. DC 88
podocarpum DC 83
polyearpum DC. 84, 85
' polyearpum var. ovalifolia
Prain 85
i procumbens (Mill.) A. S. 1
Hitchc 82
pseudotriquetum DC 87
pulchellum (Linn. ) Benth. . 79
quinquepetalum (Blanco)
Merr. BHy 81
reeurvatum Grah 81
reniforme DC. 88
retroflexum (Linn.) DC. .. 85
scalpe (Comm.) DC. 83
scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv 81
securiforme. Bentb. 89
sinuatum (Miq.) Blume.. 83, 354
spirale DC. t 82
strangulatum var. sinua- tum Miq ;.... 83
timoriense DC 90
triflorum (Linn.) DC ' 85
triquetrum (Linn.) DC. .. 86
triquetrum subsp. pseudo-
i triquetrum Prain 87
umbellatum (Linn.) DC. 80
virgatum Zoll i 87
viscidum DC 90
Desmotheca Lindb. 144
apiculata (Doz. & Molk.)
Lindb 144
Deuteromycetes 166
Detitzia Thunb ; 351
pulcbra Vid 351
Diacalpe Blume 316
aspidioides Blume 316
Dialium laurinum Baker 136
Dianella Lam 337
caerulea Sims 337
• ensifolia '(Linn.) Red , 337
Dicerma pulchellum DC. 70
Dichondra Forst. .....: 225
evolvUlacea Britton . 225
. repens Porst ~ 225
Dichrocephala DC 394
chrysant bemifolia
(B1 ) DC 394
latifolia (Lam.) DC. .. '394
Dicranaceae 137, 312
Dicranoloma blumei (Nees) Ren 139
brevisetum Broth 139
leucophyllum var. kurzii
(Pleisch.) 139
ramosii Broth 138
Digitaria Scop 168, 326
ciliaris (Retz.) Pers 168
longiflora (Gmel.) Pers 326
sanguinalis (Linn.) Scop. .. 327
Dilleniaceae 361
Dimorphocalyx Thwaites 192
luzoniensis Merr 192
Page.
Dinochloa Biise 278
aguilarii Gamble 280
dielsiana Pilger 274
elmeri Gamble 280
pubiramea Gamble 279
scandens O. Ktz 278
scandens angustifolia
Hackel 279
scandens var. pumiramea
Merr 27 9
tjankorreh Biise 278
Dioclea HBK 119
reflexa Hook, f 119
umbrina Elm 119
Dioscoreaceae .'. 339
Dioscorea Linn. .• 339
bolojonica Blanco 123
luzonensis Schauer 339
Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour 76
Diplycosia Blume 211,371
luzonica (A. Gray) Merr. .. 371
parvifolia Merr 211
Discocalyx Mez 221, 373
insignis Merr 221
philippinensis (A. DC.)
Mez 373
Disporum Sali.sb 338
luzoniense Merr 338
pullum Merr. ..' 338
uniflorum Baker 338
Distichophyllum Doz. & Molk 156
mittenii Bryol. Jav. .. 156
Dolicbos Linn: 134
acinaciformis Blanco ...., 125
biflorus Linn. 135
bulbosus Linn 135
catiang Linn 133
crassus Grab 128
.ensiformis Blanco 125, 126
erosus Linn 135
falcatus Klein 135
giganteus Willd 116
gladiatus Jacq 126
birsutus Thunb 123
lablab Linn 134
lineatus Thunb 125
luteolus Jacq 134
luteus Sw 133
obtusifolius Lam 124, 125
phaseololdes Roxb 123
pilosus Roxb 134
pruriens Linn 117
repens Blanco 134
scarabaeoides Linn 128
sesquipedalis Blanco 133
sinensis Linn 133
tetragonolobus Linn 136
trilobus Blanco 135
uniflorus Lam 135
Dorstenia pubescens Blanco 520
pubescens Porst 535
Dothideaceae 165
Drimys Porst 349
piperita Hook, f 349
Droseraceae 350
INDEX.
559
Page.
Drosera Linn 350
peltata Sm 350
Drymaria Willd 346
cordata Willd 346
Drynaria J. Sm 323
rigidula (Sw.) Bedd 323
Dryopteris Adans 316
beddomei (Baker) 0.
Ktz 316
brunnea (Wall.) C. Cbr. .. 317
cucullata (Blume) Christ.. 317
ferox yar. calvescens
Christ 283
filix-mas var. parallelo-
gra'mma (Ktz.) Christ.. 317
gla.brior Copel 283
graeilescens (Blume) O.
Ktz 317
heleopteroides Christ ' 317
hirtipes (Blume) 0. Ktz. .. 317
luerssenii (Harr.) C.
Chr. 317
penangiana var. ealves-
cens (Christ) Copel. .. 283
setigera (Blume) 0. Ktz. .. 317
Dryostachyum 285
Dumasia DC 110
villosa DC. 110
Dunbaria W. & A 127
cumingiana Benth 127
horsfieldii Miq 127
merrillii Elm 127
Dutbiella C. Mull 157
complanata Broth 157
Dysoxylum Blume 185
biflorum Merr 185
venosum Merr. 185
E
Echinodiscus ■ echinatus Miq 99
Ectropothecium Mitt 158
assimile Broth 158
eallichroides (C.
Mull.) Jaeg 159
luzoniae . (C. Mull.)
Jaeg 159
micropyxis Broth. .. 158
Ehretia Linn 379
philippinensis A. DC 379
Elaeagnaceae .• 366
Elaeagnus Linn 366
philippensis Perr 366
Elaphoglossum Schott 323
laurifolium (Thou-
ars) Moore 323
petiolatum (Sw.)
Urban 285
Elatostema Forst 344, 508
acrophilum C. B. Rob. .. 523
angustatum C. B. Rob. .. 533
apoense Elm 534
banahaense C. B. Rob. .. 526
baruringense Elm 541
benguetense C. B. Rob. .. -539
brongniartianum Wedd. .. 538
Page.
Elatostema carinoi W. R. Shaw 532
cheirophyllum C. B. Rob. 518
contiguum C. B. Rob 536
cuspidiferum Miq 542
delicatulum Wedd 520
delicatum Elm 520
edule C; B. Rob .: 531
falcatum Hallier £ 505
fillicaule C. B. Rob 516
glaucescens Wedd. ... 521
glaucescens var. deli-
catula Wedd 520
halconense C. B. Rob 540
hastatum Elm. 525
heterophyllum C. B.
Rob - 517
inaequifolium Elm. 516
insigne Hallier f 504
integrifolium (Don)
Wedd 541, 542
laciniatum Elm 1#97
lagunense Merr 527
lanaense C. B. Rob 528
laxum Elm 502
lineolatum Wight 542
longifolium Wedd. 532, 534
longipedunculatum Elm. .. 515
luzonense C. B. Rob. 512
machaerophyllum Hal-
. lier f. 505
\ macrophyllum Brongn. .. 530
manillense Wedd 501
mesargyraeum Hallier f. .. 504
microphyllum Elm 523
oblanceolatum C. B.
Rob 524
obovatum Wedd. 520
obtusiusculum C. B. Rob. 537
obtusum Wedd. 520
obtusum var. delicatulum
Wedd 520
ovatum Wight ^95
palawanense C. B. Rob. .. 526
philippinense Elm 524
pictum Hallier £ ■ 504
pinnatinervium Elm. 515
platyphyllum Merr. ., 531
plumbeum C. B. Rob 535
podophyllum Wedd 540
polineurum Hallier f. .. 501, 505
pubeseens (Forst. f.) Pers. 535
pulchellum C. B. Rob 522
rigidum. Wedd 503
rostratum Miq 503, 504
rostratum var. manillense
Wedd 501
scapigerum C. B. Rob 542
scriptum C. B. Rob 529
sesqui£olium Hassle -.. 542
sessile Forst 533
sessile var. brongniartia- num Merr 521
sessile var. brongniartia- num Wedd 538.
sessile var. minus Wedd. 538
560
INDEX.
Page.
Elatostema sikkimense C. B. Clarke.. 511/.
simulans C. B. Rob 519
sinuatum Hassk Jf97
spinulosum Elm 530
sublignosum C. B. Rob. .. 541
surculosum Wight 51Jf
thibaudiaefolium Wedd. .. 50Jf
tomentosum Wedd 536
ulmifolium Miq 534
variabile C. B. Rob 514
variegatum C. B. Rob. :... 538
viridescens Elm 525
vittatum Hallier f 50 Jj.
whitfordii Merr 530
Elatostematoides C. B. Rob. 497
falcatum (Hallier
1.) C. B. Rob 505
gracilipes C. B.
Rob 503
insigne (Hallier £.)
C. B. Rob. 504
laxum (Elm.) C. B.
Rob. ! 502
machaerophy llum (Hallier f.) C. B.
Rob 505
manillense (Wedd.)
C. B. Rob 501
mesargyraeum ( Hal- lier f.) C. B. Rob. 504
mindanaense C. B.
Rob. 502
pictum (Hallier £.)
C. B. Rob 504
rigidum (Wedd.) C.
B. Rob ..iw 503
robustum (Hallier
f.) C. B. Rob 504
thibaudiaef o 1 i u m (Wedd.) C. B.
Rob 504
vittatum (Hallier
f.) C. B. Rob 504
Elephantopus Linn !.... 393
mollis HBK 393
Eleusine Gaertn 330
indica (Linn.) Gaertn 330
Ellisiophyllum Maxim. 386
pinnatum (Wall.)
Makino 386
Embelia Burm 223, 377
coriacea Wall 223
balconensis Merr 358
philippinensis A. DC 377
porteana Mez 375, 376
Emilia Cass 399
pinnatifida Merr 399
Endespermum scandens Blume 96
Endotrichella C. Mull 152, 314
elegans (Doz. & Molk.)
C. Mull 152, 314
Entada Adans 32
parvifolia Merr 33
polystachya DC 33
Page.
Entada pursaetba DC. 32
scandens (Linn.) Benth 32, 33
Enterolobium Mart 15
saman (Jacq.) Prain .. 15
Entodontaceae 155, 315
Eperua decandra Blanco JfO
falcata Blanco J^l
rhomboidea Blanco Ifl
Ephelis pallida Pat 166
Epilobium Linn 369
himalayense Haussk 369
philippinense C. B. Rob 369
Equisetaceae 324
Equisetum Linn 324
ramosissimum Desf 324
Eragrostis Host 330
distans Hack 330
Eria Lindl 341
ornata (Bl.) Lindl 341
philippinensis Ames 341
ventricosa Leavitt 341
Ericaceae 211, 371
Erigeron Linn 394
linifolius Willd 394
molle Don 395
Eriocaulaceae 336
Eriocaulon Linn , 336
depauperatum Merr 336
minutum Hook, f 337
Eriosema DC 129
chinense Vog 129
Erythrina Linn Ill
eaffra Blanco 113
carnea Blanco Ill
eorallodendrum orientalis
Linn. Ill
fusca Lour 113
bypaphorus Boerl 113
indica Lam Ill
lithosperma Blume Ill
lithosperma Miq 113
microcarpa Koord. & Val. .. 112
orientalis Murr Ill
ovalifolia Roxb 113
picta Blanco 113
picta Linn Ill
secundiflora Hassk 113
stipitata Merr 112
suberosa Roxb 112
subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. 113
sumatrana Miq 113
Erythrodontium Hamp. 156
julaceum (Hook.)
Par , ! 156
Erythrophloeum Afzel 35
densiflorum (Elm.)
Merr 35
Ethulia Linn 393
conyzoides Linn 393
Euchresta Benn 107
horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn. .. 107
Eugenia Linn 366
acrophila C. B. Rob 366
INDEX.
561
Page.
Eulophia R. Br 341
squalida Lindl 341
Eupatorium Linn 393
benguetense C. B. Rob. .. 393
Euphorbiaceae 191, 356
Euphrasia Linn 385
borneensis Stapt 385
Eupiper C. DC 414
Eurya Thunb 361
acuminata DC 363
amplexicaulis Moore 362
auriculata Elm 362
buxifolia Merr 362
coriacea Merr 361
japonica Thunb 363
macartneyi Champ 362
Evodia Forst 183, 355
acuminata Merr 183
dubia Merr 355
reticulata Merr 355
Excoecaria sicca Blanco 192
Exodictyon Card . 142
blumii (Noes, C. Mull.)
, Fleisch 142
Fabricia bupleurifolia 0. Ktz. 91
nummulariaetolia O. Ktz 92
Fabroniaceae , 156, 315
Fagaceae 342
Ficus Linn 342
cumingii Miq 342
curranii Merr 343
fastigiata Elm 342
guyeri Elm " 3Jf3
hauili Blanco 342
lucbanensis Elm 3^3
nota (Blanco) Merr 343
pseudopalma Blanco 343
validicaudata Merr 31i3
Fissidentaceae 141, 312
Fissidens Hedw 141, 312
anomalus Mont 141
pulogensis Broth 141, 312
Flemingia Roxb 129, 354
blancoana Llanos 129
congesta Roxb 130
cumingiana Benth 130, 354
involucrata Benth 130
lineata, ( Linn. ) Roxb 129
macrophylla (Willd.) O.
Ktz 130
philippinensis Merr. &
Rolfe 130
strobilifera (Linn.) R. Br. 129
Fleurya Gaudich 476
interrupta (Linn.) Gaudich! 476
ruderalis (Forst.) Gaudich. 476
Floribundaria C. Mull 1 153, 314
floribunda (Doz. &
Molk. ) Fleisch 153,314
Fragaria Linn 352
indica Andr 352
Page.
Frullania Raddi 311
bilobulata Steph 311
cordistipula Nees 311
explicata Mont 311
ornithocephala Nees 311
pacifica Tayl 311
philippinensis Steph 311
Funariaceae 145, 313
Funaria Schreb . - 145, 313
calvescens Schwaegr. . 145, 313
G
Gahnia Forst 334
javanica Moritzi . 334
Gajanus edulis 0. Ktz 108
Galactia P. Br 119
tbnuiflora (Klein) W. & A. .. 119
terminaliflora Blanco 106
Galedupa elliptica Roxb 106
frutescens Blanco 101f
indica Lam 101
maculata Blanco ... 101
pinnata Taub 101
pungam Blanco 73
uliginosa Roxb — 105
Galium Linn 391
gaudichaudii DC 391
javanicum Blume 391
philippinense Merr 391
rotundifplium Linn. 391
Garcinia Linn. 199
cordata Merr 199
Gardenia acutifolia Elm 21f8
Garovaglia Endl 152
plicata (Nees) Endl 152
Gelala alba Rumph Ill, 112
Gentianaceae 378
Gentiana Linn 378
luzoniensis Merr 378
Geoglossaceae 165
Geoglossum glutinosum (Pers.)
Durand 165
Gesneriaceae L . 386
Gigantochloa Kurz 270
atter Kurz 270
merrilliana Elmer 272
scribneriana Merr. 270
Ginalloa Korth. 345
cumingiana var. a,ngustifolia
Merr. 345
Gleditsia Linn 51
celebica Koord 51
rolfei Vid >. 51
Gleicheniaceae 323
Gleichenia Sm 323
laevissima Christ ’ 323
loheri Christ 323
Gliricidia HBK 73
maculata HBK 73
sepium (Jacq.) Steud 73
Glochidion Forst 356
luzonense Elm 356
merrillii C. B. Rob 356
99454 7
562
INDEX.
Page.
Glyaspermum ramiflorum Zoll. &
Mor . 180
Glycine Linn . 110
abrus Linn . 108
cajanoides Walp 81
fridericiana Weinm 128
javanica Linn 110
labialis Linn, f 110
lucida Blanco 135
luclda Forst ' 115
tenuiflora Klein 119
tomentosa Benth :... 110
vestita Grah 110
warburgii Merr 124
Gnapbalium Linn 397
bypoleucum DC. 397
japonicum Tbunb 397
Gonostegia Turcz 344
hirta (Blume) Miq 344
Gonotheca blumei DC 24S
Goodenoviaceae 249
Gramineae : 167, 325
Greeniopsis Merr. 230
pubescens Merr 230
Grewia Linn. '... 361
Guepinia ramosa Curr 163
Guilandina bonduc Linn. 53, 5Jf
bonduc var. majus DC 54
bonducella Linn. 53
crista Small •--- B'
glabra Mill a:. I, 54
major Small . 54
nuga Linn. 54
Guioa Cav 5 359
perrottetii (Blume) Radik 359
Guttiferae 197, 364
Gynostemma Blume ,. ... • 392
pedatum • Blume 392
Gynura Cass 398
angulosa DC 252, 399
bicolor DC 399
macgregorii Merr 398
nitida DC 399
pseudo-china DC 399
.sarmentosa DC 399
yidaliana Elm 398
II
Hadronoma orbiculare Syd .|||| 166
Halorrhagaceae J 369
Halorrhagis Porst 369
mierantha (Thunb.) R.
Br 369
Hardwickia alternifolia Elm 38
Heckeria Hook, f 463
Hedyotis Linn '. 231, 388
angustifolia Miq 388
bartlingii Merr 388
cagayanensis Merr. 231
macgregorii Merr 231
microphylla Merr 389
pilosissima Merr 232
pterita Blume 243
Page.
Hedysarum bupleurifolium Linn 91
capitatum Burm 84
diphyllum Linn 77
gangeticum Linn 87
gyrans Linn, f 86
gyroides Roxb 86
heterocarpum Linn 84
heterophyllum Willd 86
lagopodioides Linn 93
lagopoides Burm 93
lasiocarpum Beauv 88
latifolium Roxb 88
lineatum Linn 129
malacophyllum Link ...... 84
microphyllum Thunb 86
nummularifolium Linn. .. 92
obcordatum Poir 94
ormocarpoides Desy 82
pictum Jacq. jfes 93
polycarpon Poir. .gjaijl t 84
procumbens Mill. 82
pulchellum Linn. 79
reniforme Lour ■ 94
scalpe Comm. ..v..i' ^ 83
scorpiorus Sw 81
sennoides Willd 76
sericeum Thunb 94
spirale Sw 82
strobiliferun Linn 129
triflorum Linn 85
triquetrum Linn. 86
umbellatum Linn 80
vespertiiionis Linn, f 93
viscidum Linn 90
Helminthosporium ravenelii Curt. &
Berk W® 1 166
Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br 164
Hemiphragma Wall 384
heterophyllum Wall. .. 384
Hepaticae 310
Herpetica alata Raf 50
Himanthocladium (Mitt.) Pleisch. .... 155
loriforme (Bryol.
Jav.) Pleisch 155
Hippocrepis comosa Blanco 87
humilis Blanco 85
multisiliquosa Blanco 88
rhomboidea Blanco 82
Hiptage Gaertn. 186
benghalensis(Linn.)0, Ktz. .. 191
cumingii Merr 190
curranii Merr 188
javanica Blume 190, 191
luzonica Merr 191
macroptera Merr 189
madablota Gaertn 191
madablota Yid 190
pubescens Merr 187
pubescens var. lanceolata
Merr 188
reticulata Merr 186
tetraptera Merr 188
Histiopteris J. Sm , 321
incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm. .. 321
INDEX.
563
Page.
Homalanthus Juss 357
alpinus Elm 357
fastuosus (Morren) F.-
Vill , 357
Homaliodendron Fleisch -il....... 155
flabellatum (Dicks.)
Fleisch 155
scalpellifO'lium
(Mitt.) Fleisch. .. 155
Hoolteriaceae 156, 315
Hookeriopsis (Besch.) Jaeg. . 156
geminidens Broth. 156
Hoya R. Br 379
cumingiana Dene 379
Humata Cav 318
Hydrangea Linn ' 351
lobbii Maxim 351
Hydrocotyle Linn 370
benguetensis Elm 370
delicata Elm 370
nitidula A. Rich 370
( rotundifolia Roxb 370
Hymenodon Hook. f. & Wils 149, 313
sericeus (Doz. & Molk. )
C. Mull 149, 313
Hymenolepis Kaulf 321
platyrhynchos (J. Sm. )
Ktze '. 321
spicata (Linn, f.) Presl.. 32i
Hymenophyllaeeae 315
Hymenophyllum Sm 316
australe Willd 316
discosum Christ 316
paniculiflorum Presl 316
Hymenostylium Brid — 143
luzonense Broth 143
Hypaphorus subumbrans Hassk 113
Hypericum Linn 364
japonicum Thunb 364
perforatum Linn 36b
pulogense Merr 364
Hypnaceae 158, 315
Hypnodendraceae 161
Hypnodendron (C. Mull.) Lindb — 161
formosicum Card 161
reinwardtii (Hornsch.)
Lindb - 161
reinwardtii forma bre-
. viseta Broth 161
Hypocreaceae , - 164
Hypocrea (?) ochracea Pat 164
HypoestesR. Br 388
floribunda R. Br. 388
Hypolepis Bernh 320
tenuifolia (Forst.) Bernh. .. 320
Hypopterygiaceae 157
Hypopterygium struthiopteris Bryol.
Jav - 1 157
Hypoxylon annulatum (Schw.) Mont. .. 164
lilliputianum Syd 164
marginatum (Schw.) Berk. 164
minutellum Syd 164
Hyptis Jacq 381
Page.
g Hyptis cap itata Jacq 381
lanceolata Poir 381
Hysteriaceae 165
I
. Icacinaceae 194
Ilex Linn 193, 358
crenata forma luzonica (Rolfe)
Loes 358
foxworthyi Merr 193
gracilipes Merr .’. 358
haleonensis (Merr.) Merr 358
pulogensis Merr 358
spicata Blume ,, 358
Imperata Cyr ) 325
cylindrica var. koenigii
(Retz.) Benth. 325
Indigofera Linn 65, 353
angustifolia Blanco 67
anil Linn 67
argentea Blanco , 67
benthamiana Hance 66
echinata Willd 92
galegoides Yid 66
hirsuta Blanco 69
hirsuta Linn 66
linifolia Retz 65
nigrescens Kurz ...-.Yi...... 67, 353
senegalensis Blanco 69
suffrutieosa Mill 67
tesymanni Miq 66
tinctoria Blanco 67
tinctoria Linn 67
trifoliata Linn 66
unifoliolata Merr 65
zollingeriana Miq 66
Inga angulata Grati 19
camatchili Perr 16
dulcis Willd 16
elliptica Blume 19
grandiflora Wall 15
lanceolata Blanco 16
saman Willd 15
saponaria Willd 2b
timoriana DC. 33, 3b
Inocarpus Forst 108
edulis Forst 108
Intsia Thouars 40
acuminata Merr. ........ 40
bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktz .’. 40
Ipomoea Linn 379
batatas (Linn.) Poir 379
Isachne R. Br 168, 327
beneckei Hack 327
beneckei var. magna Merr. .. 327
debilis var. incrassata
Hack 168
incrassata (Hack.) Merr 168
magna (Merr.) Merr 327
micrantha Merr 168
myosotis Nees 327
pangerangensis var. halcon-
ensis Hack ,327
pauciflora Hack 327
vulcanica Merr . 169
564
INDEX.
Ischurochloa spinosa Biise
Page. Page.
270 Laportea crenulata var. luzonensis
Isopterygium Mitt 160
albescens (Scbwaegr.)
Jaeg 160
Itea Linn 351
luzonensis Elm 351
macrophylla Wall 351
Ixora Linn 233
amboinica Elm 231,
capitulifera Merr 233
crassifolia Merr 233
ebracteolata Merr 234
littoralis Merr 240
longissima Merr 235
longistipula Merr 236
mearnsii Merr 236
mindanaensis Merr 237
palawanensis Merr 238
philippinensis Merr 238
philippinensis var. brevituba
Merr ; 240
J
Jamesoniella (Spruce) Steph 310
flexicaulis Nees 310
ovifolia SchifEn 310
Jasminum Linn 223, 378
aculeatum (Blanco)
Walp '... 378
cumingii Merr. 223
triplinervium Merr 223
Juncaceae 337
Jungermanniaceae 310
Justicia Linn. 388
procumbens Linn 388
K
Kadsura Juss. 176
macgregorii Merr 177
paucidenticulata Merr 176
Kalanchoe Adans ' 351
spathulata (Poir.) DC 351
Kayea Wall 200
brevipes Merr 200
Kingiodendron Harms 38
alternifolium (Elm.)
Merr. & Rolfe 38
Kyllinga Rottb 333
intermedia R. Br 333
L
Labiatae 228, 381
Lablab cultratus DC 135
vulgaris Savi 131,
Lactuca Linn 401
dentata (Thunb.) C. B.
Rob 401
Laggera Sch.-Bip 397
alata (Don) Sch.-Bip. 1 397
Laportea Gaudich 477
anacardioides C. B. Rob 478
batanensis C. B. Rob 481
crassifolia C. B. Rob 480
crenulata F.-Vill 1,78
Wedd 1,78
decumana Wedd 487
densiflora C. B. Rob 479
diffusa C. B. Rob 482
gaudichaudiana Wedd 1,81
gracilipes Elm 483
lanaensis C. B. Rob 483
leytensis C. B. Rob 484
luzonensis (Wedd.) Warb. .. 478
meyeniana (Walp.) Warb. .. 481
mindanaensis Warb 484
peltata Gaudich 487
pterostigma Wedd 481
rigidifolia C. B. Rob 483
subclausa C. B. Rob 486
subpeltata C. B. Rob 485
venosa Elm 486
Lasianthus Jack 240
cyanocarpus Jack 240
Lauraceae 349
Lecanopteris pumila Blume 285
Lecanthus Wedd 345, 495
peduncularis (Wall.)
Wedd 345, 495
wallichii Wedd 1,95
wightii Wedd 1,95
Leea Linn'. 196
quadrifida Merr 196
Leguminosae 353
Leiomela (Mitt.) Broth 149,313
javanica (Ren. & Card.)
Broth 149, 313
Lembosia congregata Syd 165
Lens phaseoloides Stickman S3
Lepicolea Dum 310
scolopendra (Hook.) Dum. 310
Lepidagathis Willd , 386
cinerea Merr 387
dispar C. B. Clarke 386
incana Nees 388
incurva G. Don 387
javanica Blume ' 387
Leptohymenium Sehwaegr 158, 315
tenue (Hook.) Sehwa- egr 158,315
Leptospermum Forst 366
flavescens Sm 366
Leskeaceae 157, 315
Lespedeza Michx 94
juncea var. sericea (Thunb. )
Forbes & Hemsl 94
sericea Miq 91,
Leucaena Benth 30
glauca (Linn.) Benth 30
Leucas R. Br 381
marrubioides Desf 381
mollissima Wall 381
sericea Elm 381
Leucobryaceae 141
Leucobryum Hamp 141
boweringii Mitt 142
javense (Brid.) Mitt 141
sanctum Hamp A... 141
sericeum Broth 141
INDEX.
565
Page.
Leucoloma Brid 139
perviride Broth 139
Leucophanes Brid 142
albescens C. Miill. ........ 142
Liliaceae 173, 337
Lilium Linn 337
philippinense Baker 337
Lindenbergia Lehm 384
philippensis (Cham.)
Benth 384
Lindsaya Dry. 319
cultrata (Willd.) Sw 319
Liparia badocana Blanco... , 68
Lobelia Linn 392
nicotianaefolia Heyne 392
Loganiaceae 378
Loheria Merr 373
bracteata Merr 374
Lonicera Linn 391
rehderi Merr 391
Lophocolea Dum 310
hasskarliana Gott , 310
Lopidium Hook. f. & Wils 157
javanicum Hamp 157
Loranthaceae 345
Loranthus Linn 345
benguetensis Merr 345
congestiflorus Merr 345
copelandii Merr 345
curranii Merr 345
halconensis Merr 345
pentapetalus Roxb 345
Lourea Neck 93, 354
obcordata DC. 94
reniformis (Lour.) DC 94, 354
•vespertilionis (Linn, f.) Desv. 93
Loxogramme Presl 323
parallela Copel 323
Lueinaea DC - 241
monocephala Merr 241
Lupinus angustifolius Blanco 77
Luzonia Elm 120
purpurea Elm 120
Luzula DC 337
campestris (Linn.) DC 337
effusa Buchenau — 337
Lycopersicum Tourn 384
esculentum Mill 384
Lycopodiaceae 324
Lycopodium Linn 324
■ carinatum Desv 324
complanatum Linn 324
volubile Forst 324
Lysimachia Linn 377
ramosa Wall 377
M
Macaranga Thouars 357
dipterocarpifolia Merr. .. 357
Mactiilus Nees 349
curranii Merr 349
Macrolobium bijugum Colebr 40
Macromitrium Brid 144, 312
blumei Nees 144
Page.
Macromitrium goniorhynchum ( Doz.
& Molk. ) Mitt 145
goniostomum Broth. 145, 312 reinwardtii Schwaegr. 144, 312 semipellucidum Doz. &
Molk . 144
subuligerum Bryol.
Jav. 144
sulcatum (Hook. &
Grey.) Brid 145, 312
Macropsychanthus Harms 120
ferrugineus Merr. 121 lauterbachii Harms 121 mindanaensisMerr. 120
Macrothamnium Fleisch 158
macrocarpum (Reinw.
& Hornsch.)
Fleisch 158
MaesaForsk , 372
denticulata Mez 372
Magnoliaceae 176, 348
Mahonia nepalensis DC 348
Mallotus Lour 357
ricinoides (Pers.) Muell.-
Arg 357
Malpighiaceae .— - 186
Malvaceae 197, 361
Marchantia (L.) Raddi 310
geminata Nees 310
Mariscus Gaertn, 333
cyperinus (Retz. ) Yahl .... 333
Mastigophora Nees 311
diclados Endl 311
Mecopus nidulans Benn 136
Medicago Linn 64
denticulata Willd 64
sativa Linn 64
Medinilla Gaudich. 206, 368
cardiophylla Merr 206
eauliflora Merr 207
dementis Merr 208
cordata Merr. 368
obovata Merr 208
pulogensis Merr 368
triplinervia Cogn 209
whitfordii Merr 209, 368
Meibomia capitata O. Ktz 84
chamissonis O. Ktz 82
gangetica O. Ktz 87
gyrans O. Ktz. 86
gyrodes O. Ktz 86
heterocarpa O. Ktz 84
heterophylla O. Ktz 86
lasiocarpa O. Ktz 88
laxiflora O. Ktz 81
leptopus O. Ktz 83
malacophylla O. Ktz. 84
microphylla O. Ktz. 86
ormocarpodes O. Ktz 82
podocarpa O. Ktz 83
pulchella O. Ktz 80
retroflexa O. Ktz 85
scorpiurus O. Ktz 81
sinuata O. Ktz 83
566
INDEX.
Page.
Meibomia spiralis O. Ktz.pt™| 82
triflora O. Ktz 85
triquetra O. Ktz 86
umbellata O. Ktz 80
Meladenia densiflora Turcz 68
Melasmia exigua Syd 166
Melastomataceae 203, 367
Melastoma Linn 367
bensonii Merr 367
toppipgii Merr 367
Meliaceae — 184, 355
Melicope Forst 182, 355
densiflora Merr 182
luzonensis Engl.BW 355
Meliola byptidis Syd 164
Meliosma Blume 195, 359
multiflora Merr 359
reticulata Merr. 195
Melothria Linn 391
indica Lour. — 392
mucronata (Blume) Cogn. .. 391
Memecylon Blume 209
sessilifolium Merr 209
Merceya Schimp 143
bacanii Broth 144
minuta Broth 144
subminuta Broth 143
Merrilliobryum Broth 156, 315
philippinense Broth. 156, 315
Merrittia Merr 396
benguetensis (Elm.) Merr. 396
Metabolus angustifolius DC 388
Meteoriopsis Fleisch. 153
reclinata (C. Mull)
Fleisch . 153
Meteorium Doz. & Molk 153, 314
helminthoeladum (C.
. (Mini.) Fleisch 153, 314
miquelianum (C. Mull.)
Fleisch. 153, 314
Mezoneurum Desf. — ! 56
benguetense Elmer 55
cucullatum (Roxb.) W.
& A. .. 56
furfuraceum Prain 57
glabrum Desf - — I 57
hymenocarpum W. &
A. f 56
latisiliquum (Cav.)
Merr. ..: 46, 57
macrophyllum Blume .. 56
. mindorense Merr 57
mindorense var. inerme
Merr 57
procumbens Blanco. 57
pubescens Des£ 56
rubrum Merr - 57
sumatranum (Roxb.)
W. & A. 57
Micranthemum indicum Hk. f. & Th. 229
Microlaena R. Br 328
stipoides (Lab ill.) R.
. Br - 328
Microlepia Presl - 318
strigosa (Thunb.) Presl .. 318
Page.
Microthyriaceae 165
Microtis R. Br 340
unifolia (Forst.) Reichb. f. ,340
Mikania Willd 393
scandens (Linn.) Willd 393
Millettia W. & A 1 70
ahernii Merr. & Rolfe 71
caerulea F.-Vill ( 71
canariifolia Merr 71
cavitensis Merr 72
decipiens Prain 72
foxworthyi Merr 72
longipes Perk.' 71
luzonensis A. Gray 78
merrillii Perk 71
piscatoria Merr 107
pulchra Benth 73
sericea W. & A 73
splendens F.-Vill 106
splendens W. & A 73
splendidissima Vid 73
^ thyrsiflora Benth 103
xylocarpa Naves 71
Mimosa Linn 31
acle Blanco 25
asperata Blanco 31
biglobosa Roxb 33
blancoana Llanos 31
caesia Linn 29
carisquis. Blanco ‘ 23
concinna Willd. 28
coriaria Blanco 21
dulcis Roxb 16
entada Linn 32, 33
farnesiana Linn 28
glauca Linn. SO
intsia Linn 29
lebbeck Linn .,-,'1, 23
lebbek Blanco ........ 22
marginata Lam. 23
membranulacea Blanco 52
•pennata Linn k~.;, K. 29
peregrina Blanco jjpja 33
- procera Roxb . 21
pudica Linn. 31
punctata Blanco 32
quadrivalvis Linn. , 30
rugata Lam 28, 29
saman Jacq. ■ ,15
saponaria Lour 21/
scandens Linn ._. 32
seutifera Blanco 17
seutifera var. [casai] Blanco 19
stipulata Roxb 23
tenuifolia Blanco 29
unguis-cati Blanco 16
virgata Blanco ■ 32
Miscanthus Anders 170, 325
depauperatus Merr 170
sinensis Anders. „ 325
Mniaceae 149, 313
Mniodendron Lindb - 162
divaricatum (Hornsch.
& Reinw.) Lindb 162
INDEX.
567
Page.
Mnium (Dill.) Linn 149,313
rostratum Schrad 149, 313
Moghania macrophylla 0. Ktz 130
Mollisiaeeae 166
Mollisia ravida Syd 166
Monarthrocarpus Merr 88
securif otmis
(Benth.) Merr. .. 89
securiformis . var. monophyllaMerr. .. 90
Monostachya Merr 330
centrolepidoides Merr. .. 331
Moraceae , 342
Mucuna Adans. 115
acuminata Merr 116
atropurpurea F.-Vill Ill
aurea C. B. Rob 118
capitata W. & A. 118
curranii Elm, 116
cyanosperma K. Sch, 116
deeringiana (Bort) Merr 118
gigantea (Willd.) DC. 116
imbricata DC 116
junghuhniana (O. Ktz.)
Prain 116
longipedunculata Merr. 117
luzoniensis Merr 117
lyonii Merr , 117
mindorensis Merr 116
monosperma F.-Vill 116
nigricans (Lour.) Steud 116
niyea (Roxb.) W. & A 117
pruriens (Linn.) DC 117
sericophylla Perk 117
Muldera Hook, f 462
Musci 137, 311
Mussaenda Linn 241, 389
albiflora Merr 241
benguetensis Elm 389
frondosa Auct. Philip 21/2
grandiflora Rolfe 21/2
philippica A. Rich. 242
villosa' Wall 243
Myriactis Less .« 394
humilis Merr 394
Myrsinaceae 212, 372
Myrtaceae 366
Myuriaceae 152
Myurium Schimp 152
foxworthyi (Broth.) Broth. .. 152
sr
Nasturtium R. Br 350
indicum DC 350
Neckeraceae 152, 314
Neckera crinita Griff 15Jf
gracilenta Bryol. Jav 155
lepineana Mont 155
» loriformis Bryol. Jay. 155
Neckeropsis Reichdt 154
crinita (Griff.) Fleisch. .. 154
gracilenta (Bryol. Jav.)
Fleisch jag.- .Bli 155
lepineana (Mont.)
Fleisch 155
Page.
Negretia mitis Blanco 117
pruriens Blanco 117
urens Blanco 116
Neolitsea (Benth.) Merr 349
megacarpa Merr 349
microphylla Merr 349
villosa (Blume) Merr 349
Nepenthaceae 350
Nepenthes Linn 350
alata Blanco 350
Nephrolepis Schott 318
cordifolia (Linn.) Presl.. 318
Neptunia oleracea Lour 136
Nertera Banks & Sol 390
depressa Banks & Sol 390
nigricarpa Hayata ....ji;.-,. 390
Neustanthus chinensis Benth 123
Nicotiana Linn 384
tabacum Linn 384
Nummularia anthracodes (Fr.)
Mont 164
Nyctaginiaceae isiAi...., 175
O
Oberonia Lindl .1. — 1~ 341
cylindrica Lindl 341
Ochrocarpus pentapetalus F.-Vill 199
Octoblepharum Hedw 142
albidum (Linn.)
Hedw 142
Odontosoria Fde 318
chinensis (Linn.) J. Sm. .. 318
Oedicladium foxworthyi Broth 152
Oldenlandia Linn 243
alata Hook, f 243
pterita (Blume) Miq 243
Oleaceae 223, 378
Onagraceae 369
Ophiopogon Ker 338
japonicus (Linn.) Ker 338
Orchidaceae ... 340
Ormocarpum DC 76
cochinchinense (Lour.)
Merr 76
glabrum T. & B 76
sennoides DC 76
Ormosia Jacks. 58
calavensis Azaola 58
paniculata Merr 58
Orthotrichaceae 144, 312
Osbeckia Linn 367
chinensis Linn 367
Oxalidaceae 355
Oxalis Linn. 355
repens Thunb. 355
Oxyrrhynchium (Bryol. Eur. ) Warnst. 161 miUleri (Bryol. Jav.)
Broth 161
P
Pachyrrhizus Rich 135
angulatus Rich 135
bulbosus Kurz 135
erosus (Linn.) Urb 135
jicamas Blanco 135
montanus Blanco 123
568
INDEX.
Page.
Pachyrrhizus teres Blanco 123
thunbergianus S. &. Z. 123
Paederia Linn 390
tomentosa Blume 390
Paesia St. Hil 321
luzonica Christ 321
rugulosa Kuhn 321
Pahudia Miq 41
javanica Miq 41
rhomboidea (JBlanco) fh-ain.. 41
Panicum Linn 168, 327
ciliare Retz 168
crus-galii Linn 327
paimaefolium Koen. 327
psilopodium Trin 168
villosum Lam 327
Parietaria microphylla Linn 487
Parkia R. Br 33
intermedia Hassk 34
roxburghii G-. Don 33, 34
timoriana (DC.) Merr 33
Parochetus communis Ham 136
Parosela Cav 68, 354
glandulosa (Blanco)Merr. .. 68, 354
nigra Rose 68
Paspalum sanguinale - var. ciliare
Hook, f 168
Pelekium Mitt 157
velatum Mitt 157
Pellionia Gaudich 496
falcata Boerl 505
insignis Boerl 5(14
machaerophylla Boerl 505
mesargyrea Boerl 504
mindanaensis C. B. Rob 496
picta Boerl 504
robusta Boerl . 504
sinuata (Blume) Boerl 497
vittata Boerl 504
Peltophorum Vog. 57
ferrugineum Benth , 57
inerme (Roxb. ) Naves.. 57
Peperomia Ruiz & Pav 342, 406
apoana C. DC 411
canlaonensis C. DC 408
elmeri C. DC 412
exigua Miq 410
laevifolia Miq 410
lagunaensis C. DC 407
lanaoensis C. DC 410
macgregorii C. DC 412
marivelesana C. DC 413
merrillii C. DC 411
mindoroensis C. DC 413
negrosensis C. DC. 412
pallidibacca C. DC 413
pellucida Kunth 411
pellucidopunctulata C.
DC 411
puberulifolia C. DC 412
reeurvata forma longispica
C. DC 409
reeurvata forma pilosior C.
DC 408
Page.
Peperomia reflexa A. Dietr 342
reflexa forma calcicola C.
DC 410
reflexa forma capensis /Miq. 410 reflexa forma parvilimba C.
DC 410
reflexa forma subsessilifo-
lia C. DC 410
rivulorum C. DC 412
rubrivenosa C. DC 409
tomentosa var. carnosa C.
DC 409
ventenatii var. pubescens
Miq 408
Peracarpa Hook. f. & Th 392
carnosa Hook. f. & Th. 392
luzonica Rolfe 392
Peranema Don 316
cyatheoides Don 316
luzonica Copel. 316
Perisporiaceae • 164
Peristrophe Nees 229
lancifolia Merr 229
Perrottetia HBK 359
alpestris var. philippinen-
sis (Vid.) Stapf 359
Phanera bidentata Benth 44
hlancoi Benth 4s
cumingiana Benth 44
semibifida Benth 45
vahlii Naves 44
Phaseolus Linn 131, 354
adenanthus G. W. P. Mey. 132
bulai Blanco 62
calcaratus Roxb 132
caraealla Blanco 133
ilocanus Blanco 131
inamoenus Blanco 131
lunatus Linn 131, 354
minimus Roxb 132
mungo Blanco 132
mungo Linn. 133
pubescens Blume 132
radiatus Linn 132
ricciardianus Ten 133
rostratus Wall 132
semierectus Linn 132
sublobatus Roxb 133
trinervius Heyne 133
tunkinensis Blanco 131
vexillatus Blanco 131
vulgaris Blanco 131
vulgaris Linn 133
Philonotis Brid 149
falcata (Hook.) Mitt./ 149
wallisii (C. -Mull.-) Jaeg _ 149
Photinopteris J. Sm 323
speciosa Blume 323
Phycomycetes 163
Phylacium Benn 94, 354
bracteosum Benn 94, 354
Phyllachora aggregatula Syd 165
circinata Syd 165
fici-fulvae Koord 165
INDEX.
569
Page.
Phyllachora fici-minahassae P. Henn. 165
luzonensis P. Henn 165
saccliari P. Henn. 165
topographica Sacc 165
Phyllanthus Linn. 356
benguetensis C. B. Rob. .. 356
reticulatus Poir 356
Phyllodium pulchellum Desv 80
Pilea Lindl 344, 487
angulata Blume I.... 494
apoensis Elm 492
benguetensis C. B. Rob 488
bracteosa Wedd 489
calcicola C. B. Rob 493
celebica Miq 494
dataensis C. B. Rob 494
humilis C. B. Rob 488
intumescens C. B. Rob 492
- johniana Stapf 488
luzonensis Merr 492
melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd. 344, 490
microphylla (Linn.) Liebm 487
monticola C. B. Rob 489
muscosa Lindl 487
peploides (G-audich.) Hook. &
Am 488
rigida C. B. Rob 491
robinsonii Elm 490
scripta Wedd 492
sylvatica Elm 494
trinervia Wight 490, 491
Piliostigma acidum Benth 48
Pilopogon Brid 140, 312
blume i (Doz. & Molk.)
Broth 141
exasperatus (Brid.) Broth. 140 subexasperatus (C. Mull.)
Broth 1 141, 312
Pilotriehopsis Besch. — 151, 314
dentata ( Mitt.) Besch. 151, 314
Pinaceae 325
Pinus Linn 325
insularis Endl 325
khasya Royle 325
Piperaceae 342, 405
Piper Linn 342, 413
abbreviatum Opiz 488
abraense C. DC 451
acutibaccum C. DC 459
albidirameum C. DC 428
allenii C. DC 441
apoanum C. DC 454
aurilimbum C. DC 425
baccatum Blume 462
baguionum C. DC 434
basilanum C. DC 457
bathycarpum C. DC. 434
betle Linn 431
betle var. densum C. DC 481
breviamentum C. DC 434
eacuminum C. DC 421
cagayanense C. DC. 435
canaliculatum Opiz 481
caninum A. Dietr 458
Page.
Piper caninum var. glabribracteum
C. DC 459
caninum var. lanaoense C. DC. 459 caninum var. latibracteum C.
DC 459
caninum var. sablanum C. DC. 459
carnistylum C. DC 432
chaba Blume 432
clemensiae C. DC 449
copelandii C. DC 447
corylistachyon C. DC 438
corylistachyon var. magnifo-
lium C. DC •„ 439
costulatum C. DC 420
crassinodum C. DC 445
cristatum C. DC 428
cumingianum Miq 448
curtifolium C. DC 421
dagatpanum C. DC 455
davaoense C. DC 453
delicatum C. DC 443
delicatum var. glabrum C. DC. 444
densibaccum C. DC 454
denudatum Opiz 444
dipterocarpinum C. DC 455
ellipticibaccum C. DC 449
fenixii C. DC .• 425
firmolimbum C. DC 435
forstenii Miq 424
fragile var. multinerve C. DC. .. 421
glabrispicum C. DC 451
baenkeanum Opiz 462
halconense C. DC 422
hallieri C. DC 458
hirsutissimum Miq 462
interruptum Opiz 448
interruptum var. herbaceum C.
DC 448
interruptum Opiz var. multipli-
nerve C. DC 448
interruptum var. subarbores-
cens C. DC 449
jagori C. DC 437
jayeri C. DC 437
korthalsii Miq 414
korthalsii var. longibracteum
C. DC 414
laevirameum C. DC 450
lageniovarium C. DC 424
langlassei C. DC 433
laxirameum C. DC 443
laxum Vahl 452
lessertianum C. DC 427
lividum C. DC 462
loheri C. DC 450
loheri var. multiplinerve C. DC. 450
longistigmum C. DC 428
longivaginans C. DC 444
longum Linn 423
luzonense C. DC 439
maagnasanum C. DC 429
malalaganum C. DC 461
malarayatense C. DC 442
malindangense C. DC 436
marivelesanum C. DC 457
570
INDEX.
Piper mearnsii C. DC
merrillii C. DC
merrittii C. DC
mindorense C. DC
miniatum Dlume
miniatum var. hirtellum C. D
negrosense C. DC
nigrum Linn
nigrum yar. trioicum C. DC.
oblongibaccum C. DC
officinarum C. DC
oophyllum C. DC
ovatibaecum C. DC
ovatibracteum C. DC
parcipilum C. DC
parcirameum C. DC
parvispicum C. DC
paucinerve C. DC
pendulifolium C. DC
penninerve C. DC
petraeum C. DC
philippinense C. DC
philippinum Miq
pilipes C. DC
pilispicum C. DC
podandrum C. DC
polycladum C. DC
pseudochaviea C. DC
puberulinodum C. DC
pulogense C. DC
radicans Opiz
ramosii C. DC
retrofraetum Vabl
rhombophyllum C. DC
rhynbholepsis C. DC
rhyncbolepsis var. breviousp
C. DC
robinsonii C. DC
rotundistigmum C. DC
rubripunctulatum C. DC.
rufinerve Opiz i
sarmentosum Roxb -.
siassense C. DC
sibulanum C. DC
striatum C. DC
subpeltatum Willd
subprostratum C. DC
taumanum C. DC
tenuipedunculum C. DC
tenuirameum C. DC
toppingii C. DC
umbellatum var. glabrum C. DC. umbellatum var. subpeltatum
C. DC y
usterii C. DC
varibracteum C. DC
villilimbum C. DC
viminale Opiz
warburgii C. DC :: I
williamsii C. DC
zamboangae C. DC
Pipturus Wedd
asper Wedd
Pisonia Linn
gammillii Merr
Page.
Pistacia Linn 357
formosana Matsum 357
philippinensis Merr. & Rolfe.. 357
Pisum Linn 108
sativum Linn 108
Pithecoloblum Mart : 16, 353
acle Vid 25
angulatum (Grab.)
Benth 19
bigeminum Mart 20
clypearia Bentb 21
dulce (Roxb.) Bentb. .. 16
elliptieum ( B 1 u m e )
Hassk 19
fasciculatum Bentb 19
lobatum Benth 18
lobatum P.-Vill 17
mindanaense Merr. 18
montanum Perk. ..J.Sr. 19
montanum Vid 20
niontanum var. micro-
phylla Benth 20
parvifolium Merr. 20
pauciflorum Benth 18
(?) platicarpum Merr. 17
prainianum Merr 20
saman Bentb 15
scutiferum (Blanco)
Benth 17
subacutum Benth. 19, 353
williamsii Elm 26
Pittosporaceae : 179,352
Pittosporum Banks 179, 352
dementis Merr. 180
littorale Merr 179
.megaearpum Merr 179
pentandrum (Blanco)
Merr 352
ramiflorum Zoll 180
ramosii Merr 180
resiniferum Hemsl 352
Plagiochila Dum 310
vittata Steph 310
Plagiogyria Mett 320
nana Copel 320
pycnophylla (Ktze.)
Mett. ..p* 320
pycnophylla var. integra
Copel 285
Plagiothecium Bryol. Eur 160, 315
miquelii (Bryol. Jav.)
Broth 160
neckeroideum Bryol.
Eur 160, 315
Plectranthus L’Her. 382
diffusus Merr 382
Pleurogramme Presl 321
loheriana Christ 321
Pleurozia Dum : 311
gigantea (Web.) Lindb 311
Pluchea incisa Elm 395
scabrida DC 1....U:. 395
Page.
447
426
460
423
422
422
454
452
452
441
439
430
445
447
445
445
433
456
,429
440
430
431
437
423
452
436
438
427
429
453
436
426
439
433
423
424
445
425
432
462
424
443
442.
441
463
425
462
460
456
446
463
463
439
421
461
436
439
441
424
344
344
175
175
INDEX.
571
Page.
Podoearpus L’Herit - 324
imbricatus var. cumingii
(Pari:) Pilg 324
Pogonatum Palis. .: 150, 314
alb o-marginatum ( C.
Miill.) Jaeg 150
eirratum Broth 150
microstolnum R. Br 150, 314
spurio-cirratum Broth. .. 150, 314
wallisii (C. Miill.) Jaeg. .. 151
warburgii 0. Miill. 150
Pogostemon Desf 381
philippinensis Moore 381
Pohlia Hedw 146
elongata (Hedw.) 146
leptocarpa (Bryol. Jav.)
Pleisch .!..... ." 146
scabridens (Mitt.) Broth — 146
Poinciana pulcherrima Linn 5.)
regia Boj 52
roxburghii G. Don... 57
Pollinia Trin ii.U 325
quadrinervis Hack 325
Polycarpaea Lam 347
corymbosa (Linn.) Lam. 347
Polygonaceae ....•- 346
Polygonum Linn. 346
ehinense Linn 346
posumbu Ham 346
punctatum Ham. 346
Polyosma Blume ! .352
• philippinensis Merr i 352
Polypodiaceae !.... 316
Polypodium Linn : 321
albidosquamatum Blume.. 321
argutum Wall 321
benguetense Copel 322
caespitosum (Blume)
Mett. ..M| 322
congenerum ( B lu m e )
Presl .....v'.'.lL:... 322
elmeri Copel. 322
fasciculatum (Blume)
Presl 322
, graeillimum Copel 322
hirtellum Blume .............. 322
mollicomum N e e s &
Blume 322
obtusissimum C. Chr 322
palmatum Blume 322
subauriculatum Blume .... 322
subevenosum Baker 322
subpinnatifidum Blume.... 323
venulosum Blume 323
zippelii Blume 285
Polystichum Roth 317
aeuleatum (Linn.)
Schott 317
amabile (Blume) J. Sm. 317
auriculatum (Linn.)
Presl iSL 318
Polytrichaceae 150, 314
Pongamia Vent. ,... 101
elegans Grah 105
Page.
Pongamia glabra Vent 101
glabra var. xerocarpa
Prain 101,102
grandifolia Zoll. & Mor 101
mitis (Linn.) Merr 101
mitis var. xerocarpa
(Hassk.) Merr 101
sinuata Wall 103
uliginosa DC 105
xerocarpa Hassk 101
Potomorphe C. DC : 463
Pottiaceae 143
Pouzolzia Gaudich 344
viminea Wedd If7 6
Premna Linn 380
odorata Blanco 380
Primulaceae 377
Prismatomeris Thwaites 243
albidiflora Thwaites .... 243
tetrandra (Roxb.) K.
Sch 243
Procris Commers 505
crenata C. B. Rob 507
erecta Blanco 507
grandis Wedd 507
integrifolia Don 542
laevigata Merr 505
lagunensis C. B. Rob 506
peduncularis Wall 495
pedunculata (Forst.) Wedd. .. 507
philippinensis C. B. Rob 505
pseudostrigosa Elm! 506
sesquifolia Reinw 542
sinuata Blume Jt97
violacea Blanco 508
Prosaptia Presl 318
linearis Copel 318
Prosopis Linn 31
juliflora F.-Vill 31,32
vidaliana Naves ' 31
Protolindsaya Copel 283
brooksii Copel 283
Prunus Linn 180
junghuhnianus Miq 180
Pryona bantamensis Miq 39
Pseudarthria W. & A 90
vlseida (Linn.) W. & A. 90
Pseudoracelopus Broth 150
philippinensis Broth. 150 Pseudospiridentopsis ( Broth. ) Fleisch. 154 horrida (Mitt.)
Fleisch : 154
Psidium Linn : 366
guajava Linn. 366
Psophocarpus Neck 136
tetragonolobus (Linn.)
DC 136
Psoi-alea Linn 68
badocana Blanco 68
Psychotria Linn 243, 389
crispipila Merr 389
macgregorii Merr 389
phanerophlebia Merr 243
ramosii Merr. 244
572
INDEX.
Page.
Pteridium Gledit 321
aquilinum (Linn.) Kuhn.... 321
Pteridophyta 315
Pteris Linn 321
cretica Linn :.... 321
quadriaurita Retz 321
Pterobryella (C. Mull.) C. Mull 152
longifrons (C. MU11.) C.
Mull 152
Pterobryopsis Fleisch 152
clemensiae Broth 152
Pterocarpus Linn _....: 99
blancoi Merr 100
diadelphus Blanco 1 103
echinatus Pers 99
erinaceus P.-Vill. 99
flavus Lour 100
frutescens Blanco 105
indicus Willd 100
klemmei Merr 99
pallidus Blanco 100
papuanus F. Muell 100
santalinus Blanco 100
vidalianus Rolfe 99
Pterolobium R. Br. 52
indicum F.-Vill 52
membranulaceum (Blan- co) Merr - 52
Pteroloma triquetrum Benth 86
Puccinia (?) convolvuli (Pers.) Cast. . 163 heterospora Berk. & Curt. .. 163
mesomorpha Syd 163
purpurea Cooke 163
Pueraria DC 122
phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. 123
tetragona Merr 122
textilis Laut. & Sch 123
thompsoni Benth 12Jf
thunbergiana (S. & Z.)
Benth 123
warburgii Perk 124
Pycnospora R. Br 91
hedysaroides R. Br 91
nervosa (Grah. ) W. & A. 91
Pygeum Gaert 353
Pygmaeopremna Merr 225
humilis Merr 225
glandulosum Merr 353
Q
Quercus Linn 342
luzoniensis Merr :... 342
woodii Hance 342
Quirosia anceps Blanco 62
secunda Blanco 60
R
Randia Linn 245, 389
stenophylla Merr 245
ticaensis Merr 245
wallichii Hook, f 389
Ranunculaceae 347
Ranunculus Linn. 348
philippinensis Merr. &
Rolfe 34S
Page.
RapaneaAubl 377
philippinensis (A. DC.) Mez 377
Reichardia pentapetala Blanco 52, 55
Rhacopilaceae 161
Rhacopilum Palis 161
spectabile Reinw. &
Hornsch Sis. 161
Rhamnaceae .'. 359
Rhamnus Linn 359
dahuricus Pall 360
japonicus Maxim 360
pulogensis Merr 359
virgatus Roxb 360
Rhaphidophora Hassk 335
merrillii Engl 335
Rhizogoniaceae 149, 313
Rhizogonium Brid 149
spiniforme (Linn.)
Bruch 149
Rhodobryum ( Schimp. ) Hamp 148
curranii Broth 148
giganteum (Hook.)
Schimp 148
Rhododendron Linn '. 371
oldhami Maxim 371
subsessile Rendle 371
Rhyncholepsis brevicuspis Miq ^2^
cumingiana Miq 1^23
haenkeana Miq 444
Rhynchosia Lour 128
calosperma Warb 128
densiflora DC .^. 128
fridericiana (Weinm.)
DC 128
henryi Hemsl 110
lucida DC !. 115
minima DC 128
scarabaeoides DC 128
sericea Vid. 130
viscosa DC 128
Rinorea Aubl 201
acuminata Merr 201
Robinia grandiflora Linn 75
mitis Linn 101
sepium Jacq 73
pliginosa Roxb : 105
Rosaceae 180, 352
Rosa Linn. 352
multiflora Thunb 352
Rosellinia procera Syd 164
Rottboellia Linn, f 326
ophiuroides (R. Br.)
Benth. 326
Rubiaceae 230, 388
Rubia Linn 391
cordifolia Linn 391
Rubus Linn 352
copelandi Merr 352
ellipticus Sm 352
elmeri Focke 352
fraxinifolius Poir. .A 353
horsfieldii Miq 353
lasiocarpus Sm 353
mearnsii Elm 353
niveus Thunb 353
INDEX.
573
Page.
Rubus pectinellus Maxim 353
rolfei Vid. 353
Rungia Nees 388
parviflora Nees 388
Rutaceae 180, 355
S
Sabiaeeae 195, 359
Saccharum Linn 325
spontaneum subsp. indi-
cum Hack. 325
Saccolabium Blume 341
compressum Lindl 341
Sageretia Brongn 359
theezans (Linn.) Brongn. .. 359
Sagina Linn 347
procumbens Linn 347
Salvia Linn 228
scaphiformis Hance 228
Sambucus Linn 391
javanica Blume 391
Sapindaceae 359
Sarcopyramis Wall 368
delicata C. B. Rob 368
Sarcostemma R. Br 379
brunonianum W. & A. .. 379
Sarcostemon C. DC 413
Saurauia Wilid. 361
elegans (Choisy) F.-Vill. .. 361
Saxifragaceae 177, 351
Scaevola Linn 249
acuminatissima Merr 249
mierantha Presl 250
mindorensis Merr 250
pedunculata Merr 251
pedunculata var. mollis
Merr 251
sericea Forst 250
Schefflera Forst 210, 369
blancoi Merr 369, 370
brevipes Merr 210
caudata (Vid.) Merr. &
Rolfe 369
leytensis Merr 211
luzonensis Merr 369
microphylla Merr 369
oblongifolia Merr 369
Schisma Nees 310
sikkimense Steph 310
wichurae Steph 310
Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Mor 335
rupestris Zol). &
Mor 335
Schistochila Dum 311
sumatrana Steph 311
Schistomitrium Doz. & Molk 142
apiculatum Doz. &
Molk 142
nieuwenhuisii Fleisch. 142
Schizachne Hack 333
Schizoloma heterophyllum var. spe-
luncae Copel 284
Schizonephros C. DC 463
Schizostachyum Nees 273
acutiflorum Munro .. 273
Page.
Schizostachyum curranii Gamble 277
dielsianum (Pilger)
Merr 274
durie Rupr 370
hallieri Gamble 274
hirtiflorum Hack 275
luzonieum Gamble .... 277
merrillii Gamble 278
mucronatum Hack. .. 276
palawanense Gamble.. 274
toppingii Gamble .... 276
Schlotheimia Brid 145, 312
wallisii <5. Miili 145, 312
Schoenus Linn. „ 334
apogon R. & S. ., 334
axillaris (R. Br.) Poir 334
Schotia speciosa Blanco 36
Schrankia Wilid 30
aculeata Wilid. 30
il u a d r i v a 1 vis (Linn.)
Merr 3.0
Scirpus Linn. 172, 333
iacustris Linn 172
pauciflorus Lightf 333
pulogensis Merr 333
Scrophulariaceae 229, 384
Scutellaria Linn 381
luzonica Rolfe 381
marivelensis Elm 381
russeliaefolia Vatke 381
Sedum Linn 351
australe Merr 351
Selaginellaceae 324
Selaginella Linn 324
Sematophyllaceae 161
Sematophyllum Mitt 161
alto-pungens (C.
Mull.) Jaeg. 161
falcifolium Fleisch. .. 161
Senecio Linn 399
benguetensis Elm 396
confusus Elm 399
luzoniensis Merr 399
nemorensis Linn 399
scandens Ham 399
Septogloeum aureum Syd 166
Serianthes Benth 15
grandiflora (Wall.)
Benth 15
Sesban grandiflorus Poir 75
Sesbania Scop 74
aculeata F.-Vill 74
aculeata var. paludosa
Baker 74
aegyptiaca F.-Vill 74
cannabina Blanco *S|s| 1 74
cannabina (Retz.) Pers 74
cochinchinensis Kurz 74
grandiflora (Linn.) Pers... 75
grandiflora Miq 74
paludosa Prain 74
picta Vid. : 74
roxburghii Merr 74
Setaria Beauv 327
flava (Nees) Kunth 327
574
INDEX.
Page.
Seynesia scutellum Syd., 165
Shuteria W. & A. ............. HO, 354
vestita (Grah.) W. & A. .. 110, 354
Sibthorpia evolvulacea Linn, f 225
Sida Linn :.....> '361
hirta Lam. -HR-: 197
rhombifolia Linn 361
Siegesbeckia Linn * 397
orientalis Linn 397
Sindora Miq . .—... 38
supa Merr 38
wallicbii P.-Vill 38
Skimmia Thunb. ....... i$||| 355
japonica Tbunb 355
Smilax Linn - 173, 339
biflora Miq. /J^SraL ..'i. 339
china Linn. ..... Hti-v ■ 339
pygmaea Merr 339
verruculosa Merr. ...3m! 173
williamsii Merr. ..**!->■ 173
Sinithia Ait 76
bigeminata Blanco ... .«, , 77
ciliata Royle 77
sensitiva Alt. pis! - t. 76
Solanaceae 383
Solanum Linn 383
biflorum Lour 384
inequilaterale Merr 383
nigrum Linn. ........ 383
retrorsum Elm 383
schlzocalyx Merr 1^*2 383
verbascifolium Linn. ' 383
Solidago Linn 393
yirgaurea Linn 393
Sonchus Linn. iJ:., , — 401
aryensis Linn - 401
Sophora Linn pf 58
heptaphylla Blanco 58
tomentosa Linn 58
Sopubia Ham v’--*® 385
trifida Ham ,...2 385
Spatholobus Hassk 1 119
gyroearpus (W all.)
Benth 119
Sphaeriacede SB 164
Sphaeridiophorum linifolium Desv. .. 65
Sphagndceae : 137, 311
Sphagnum (Dill.) Ehrh. 137, 311
junghuhnianum Doz. &
Page.
Stipellaria parviflora Benth 192
Stizolobium deeringianum Bort :... 118
giganteum Spreng. .itli'k. . 116
imbricatum O. Ktz 116
pruriens Pers 117
Strobilanthes Blume : 386
pluriformis C. B. Clarke i 386
Strongylodon Vog 114
caeruleus Merr 115
'crassifolius Perk 115
elmeri Merr 114
lucidus (Forst.) Seem. 115 macrobotrys A. Gray .... 114
pulcher C. B. Rob 115
ruber Vog 115
warburgii Perk 114
zschokkei Elm 114
Swertia Linn 378
decurrens C. B. Rob 378
Symblepharis Mont. * 138
reinwardtii (Doz. &
Molk.) Bryol. Jav. .. 138
Symphysodon Fleisch 153
subneckeroides Broth. .. 153
Symplocaceae 378
Symplocos Linn ‘ 378
depauperata Merr 378
imbricata Brand 378
whitfordii Brand 378
Synehytrium aecidioides (Peck) Lagh. 163
Syrrhopodontaceae 142
Syrrhopodon Schwaegr 142
curranii Broth 142
'
T
Talauma Juss. 348
villariana Rolfe 348
Tamarindus Linn 40
indica Linn 40
Taxaceae - 324
Taxithelium Spruce 160
papillatum (Harv.)
Broth. ...'...2.'.1: 160
spurio-subtile Broth 160
Taxus Linn 324
baccata subsp. wallichiana
(Zucc.) Pilg 324
Tectona Linn, f 227
hamiltoniana Wall 227 .
Molk 137, 311
Spilanthes Linn 398
grandiflora Turcz 398
Spiridentaceae 151
Spiridens Nees 151
reinwardtii Nees, 151
Sporobolus R. Br 171, 328
indicus (Linn.) R. Br 328
virginicus (Linn.) Kunth.. 171
Staphyleaceae 359
Stereodon (Brid.) Mitt. 159
deflex if olius (Mitt.)
Broth 159
Stereophyllum Mitt 156
anceps (Bryol. Jav.)
Broth 156
philippinensis Benth. &
Hook, f ._. 227
Tephrosia Pers 68
dichotoma Desv 69
luzoniensis Vog 69
obovata Merr 69
piscatoria A. Gray 69
purpurea (Linn.) Pers 69
vestita Vog 69
Teramnus Sw 110
labialis (Linn, f.) Spreng. 110
1 a b i a 1 i s var. mollis
(Benth.) Baker Ill
Terminalia Linn 202
darlingii Merr 202
Tetragonolobus simplicifolius Blanco.. 91
INDEX.
57.5
Page.
Tetrastigma Planch 360
angustifolium (Roxb.)
Planch : 360
Theaceae 361
Themeda Forsk . . 326
gigantea var. genuina Hack. 326
triandra Forsk. 326
Thuidium Bryol. Eur. 157, 315
casuarinum (C. Milll.)
Jaeg 158, 315
meyenianum (Hamp.) Bryol.
Jav 157
plumulosum (Doz. &Molk.)
Bryol. Jav 158
Thymelaeaceae 366
Tiliaceae 360
Timonius DC 246
macrophylla Merr 246
Touchiroa bantamensis Hassk 39
Tournefortia Linn t 379
horsfieldii Miq 379
Tovomita pentapetala Blanco 199
Trachyloma Brid 152, 314
tahitense Besch 152, 314
Trachypodopsis Fleisch 154
crispatula (Hook.)
Fleisch 154
Trachypus Reinw., Fleisch. 154
subbicolor C. Miill 154
Trematodon Michx. 137
acutus C. Miill • 137
drepanellus Besch 137
Trichomanes Linn. ....TJ 315
Trichosporum Don 386
nervosum Elm 386
philippinense (Clarke) ■
0. Ktz 386
Trichosteleum (Mitt.) Jaeg 161
boschii (Doz. & Molk.)
Jaeg =.... 161
cylindricum (Reinw. &
Hornsch.) Broth 161
hamatum (Doz. &
Molk.) Jaeg 161
Trifolium Linn. 64
hybridum Linn 64
incarnatum Linn 64
pratense Linn 65
repens Linn 65
Triopteris jamaieensis Blanco 191
Trismegistia (C. Miill.) Broth 159
korthalsii (C. Miill.) .... 159
lancifolia (C. Mull.)
Broth 159
Triumfetta Linn. 360
pilosa Roth 360
Turpinid Vent 359
pomifera (Roxb.) DC 359
Tylophora R. Br 379
U
Ulmaeeae 174
ITmbelliferae 370
Uncinia Pers 334
Page.
Uneinia riparia, R. Br 1.... 331/
rupestris var. capillacea
Kiikenth 334
Urandra Thwaites 194
elliptica Merr 195
hallieri Merr 194
Uraria Desv , 93
lagopodioides (Linn.) Don .... 93
lagopoides DC 93
picta (Jacq.) Desv 93
Uredineae 163
Uredo castaneae P. Henn 164
kuehnii (Krueg.) Wakk. &
Went 161,
manilensis Syd 164
Urera baccifera (Linn.) Gaudich 475
gaudichaudiana Wedd If81
Uromyces hewittiae Syd 163
nrucunae Rabh 164
Urophyllum Wall 247
elliptifolium Merr 247
negrosense Merr 247
Urticaceae 344, 465
Urtica Linn 344,474
arborescens Link If75
baccifera Blanco 1,75
bullata Blume 344, 474
capitata Blanco 1, 75
elongata Link .' 1,75, lf7 6
ferox Blanco J/75, 1/81
grandidentata Miq 1,71,
horrida HBK 1,7 5
interrupta Linn 1,76
japonica Blanco 476
manillensis Walp 1,75
melastomoides Poir 1,90
meyeniana Walp 1,75, 1,81
nivea Linn 1,75
ruderalis Forst 1,76
sessiliflora Blanco 1,75, 1,76
sessilifolia Blanco 1,76
umbellata Blanco 1,75, 1,81
villosa Blanco 1,75
Ustilagineae 163
Ustilago tonglinensis Tracy & Earle 163
Vaccinium Linn 372
barandanum Vid 372
benguetense Vid 372
villarii Vid 372
Valsaceae 164
Valsella pinangae Syd 164
Vandellia Linn 385
Crustacea (Linn.) Benth. .. 385
Verbenaceae 225, 380
Vernonia Schreb 252, 393
acrophila Merr 253
arborea Merr 253
elmeri Merr 252
lancifolia Merr 253
philippinensis Rolfe 393
576
INDEX.
Veronica Linn
monantha Merr
Viburnum Linn
erosum Thunb
luzonicum Rolfe
odoratissimum Ker ...
Vigna Savi
catjang Walp
lutea (Sw.) A. Gray
luteola Merr
luteola (Jacq.) Benth
pilosa (Roxb.) Baker
repens (Grab.) Baker
repens (Linn.) 0. Ktz. ...
retusa Walp
sinensis (Linn.) End]
vexillata Rich
Villaria Rolfe
acutifolia (Elm.) Merr.
Violaceae
Viola Linn
diffusa Ging
mearnsii Merr
patrinii Ging
serpens Wall
toppingii Elm
Vitaceae '.
Vitex Linn
longifolia Merr
Vittaria longicoma Christ
Page. 385 385 391 391 391 ... 391
133 ... 133'
133 ... 132
134 134 134
... 131,
133
133
134 248 248
200, 364 200, 364 201 201 200 361, 364 196, 360 227 ... 227
285
W
Wahlenbergia Schrad
bivalvis Merr
gracilis DC
Wallaceodendron Koord
celebicum Koord. ..
Weisia Hedw
flavipes Hook. f. & Wils
Wendlandia Bartl
glabrata DC
Wikstroemia Endl
lanceolata Merr
Woodwardia Sm
radicans (Linn.) Sm
Page.
392
392
26
26
143
143
389
389
366
366
320
320
X
Xylariaceae. 164
Xylaria gracilenta Syd 165
obtusissima (Berk.) Sacc. .. 165
tuberosa (Pers.) Cooke 165
Xylia dolabriforinis Vid 26
Xyridaceae 172
Xyris Linn 172
ancgps Lam 172
Zoopthalmum giganteum Prain 117
nigricans Prain 116
Zornia Gmel 77
diphylla (Linn.) Pers 77
nuda Vog 77
pulchella Pers 79
O’
THE BONTOC IGOROT.
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By A. E. Jenks.
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An interesting study; the result of almost a. year’s residence among the Bontoc Igorots.
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By William Allan Reed.
62 photographic illustrations. 91 pages.
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TOGETHER WITH
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NOTE.
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ROBINSON, C. B. Philippine Urticaceae 465
REVIEWS 545
ERRATA 549
INDEX 551
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