[ iNmP'i THE PHILIPPINE ■ i JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDITED BY PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D. WITH THE COOPERATION OF E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON Ph. D.; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D. PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS C. Botany Volume IV 1909 With 39 Plates, and 26 Text Figures 91262 MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1909 Z\\oZ8 DATES OF ISSUE. No. 1, pages 1 to 105, May 20, 1909. No. 2, pages 106 to 200, June 26, 1909. No. 3, pages 201 to 408, August 26, 1909. No. 4, pages 409 to 592, December 6, 1909. No. 5, pages 593 to 662, December 3, 1909. No. 6, pages 663 to 747, January 10, 1910. IT CONTENTS, No. 1, April (May), 1909. j Page. I. Copeland, Edwin Bingham. The Ferns of the Malay- Asiatic Region, Part I - - 1 II. Ostenfeld, C. II. On Halophila ovata Gaudichaud, a neglected species.. 67 III. Robinson, C. B. Philippine Chloranthaceae 69 IV. Robinson, C. B. Philippine Phyllanthinae 71 No. 2, June, 1909. I. Brand, A. Additional Philippine Symplocaceae, I 107 II. Copeland, Edwin Bingham. New or Interesting Philippine Ferns, IV—. Ill III. Merrill, E. D. A Revision of Philippine Connaraceae 117 IV. Merrill, E. D. A Revision of Philippine Lorantliaceae 129 V. Ridley, II. N. The Scitamineae of the Philippine Islands 155 No. 3, August, 1909. I. Leavitt, Robert Greenleaf. The Genus Eria in the Philippine Islands.. .. 201 II. Merrill, E. D. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, VII 247 III. Robinson, C. B. A Preliminary Revision of Philippine Myrtaeeae 331 No. 4, October (December), 1909. I. Foxworthy, Fred W. Indo-Malayan Woods 409 No. 5, November (December), 1909. I. Ames, Oakes. Notes on Philippine Orchids with Descriptions of New Species, I 593 II. Beccari, O. Notes on Philippine Palms, II 601 IIL Merrill, E. D. A Preliminary Revision of Philippine Combretaceae 641 Q IV. Wainio, E. A. Lichenes insularum Philippinarum, I 651 No. 6, December, 1909. I. Ames, Oakes. Notes on Philippine Orchids with Descriptions of New Species, II 663 II. Merrill, E. D. Index to Philippine Botanical Literature, V 677 III. Robinson, C. B. Philippine Boraginaceae 687 IV. Whitford, H. N. Studies in the Vegetation of the Philippines. I. The Composition and Volume of the Dipterocarp Forests of the Philip- pines , 699 hi No. 1 Vol. IV APRIL, 1909 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDITED BY PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D. CO-EDITOR RICHARD P. STRONG, Ph. B., M. D. WITH THE COOPERATION OF E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON, Ph. D.; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D. I PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS C. BOTANY MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1909 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS. Order N0 Bureau of Government Laboratories. * No. 1, 1902, to No. 14, 1904. 15. No. 15, 1904, Biological and Serum Laboratories. — Report on Bacillus Violaceous Ma- nila : A Pathogenic Micro-Organism. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. * No. 16, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Protective Inoculation against Asiatic Cholera : An Experimental Study. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. 17. No. 17, 1904 • — New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, II. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. * No. 18, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — I. Amebas : Their Cultivation and Etiologic Significance. By W. E. Musgrave, M. D., and Moses T. Clegg. II. The Treatment of Intestinal Amcebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) in the Tropics. By W. E. Mus- grave, M. D. 19. No. 19, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Some Observations on the Biology of the Chol- era Spirillum. By W. B. Wherry, M. D. 20. No. 20, 1904 1. — Biological Laboratory : I. Does Latent or Dormant Plague Exist Where the Disease is Endemic? By Maximilian Herzog, M. D., and Charles B. Hare. Serum Laboratory: II. Broncho-Pneumonia of Cattle: Its Association with B. Bovisepticus. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D., and Walter Sorrell, D. V. S. III. Pinto (Pano Blanco). By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. Chemical Laboratory : IV. Notes on Analysis of the Water from the Manila Water Supply. By Charles L. Bliss, M. S. Scrum Laboratory: V. Framboesia : Its Occurrence in Natives in the Philippine Islands. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. 21. No. 21, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Some Questions Relating to the Virulence of Micro-Organisms with Particular Reference to Their Immunizing Powers. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. 22. No. 22, 1904, Bureau of Government Laboratories.- — I. A Description of the New Buildings of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. By Paul C. Freer, M. D., Ph. D. II. A Catalogue of the Library of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. By Mary Polk, Librarian. *No. 23, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Plague: Bacteriology, Morbid Anatomy, and Histopathology (Including a Consideration of Insects as Plague Carriers). By Maximilian Herzog, M. D. 24. No. 24, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Glanders : Its Diagnosis and Prevention (To- gether with a Report on Two Cases of Human Glanders Occurring in Manila and Some Notes on the Bacteriology and Polymorphism of Bacterium Mallei). By William B. Wherry, M. D. 25. No. 25, 1904-- — Birds from the Islands of Romblon, Sibuyan, and Cresta de Gallo. By Richard C. McGregor. (For first four bulletins of the ornithological series, see Philippine Museum below.) 26. No. 26, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — The Clinical and Pathological Significance of Balantidium Coli. ~ By Richard P.- Strong, M. D. 27. No. 27, 1904-- — A Review of the Identification of the Species Described in Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. 28. No. 28, 1904-—1- The Polypodiaceas of the Philippine Islands. II. Edible Philip- pine Fungi. By Edwin B. Copeland, Ph. D. 29. No. 29, 1904 ■ — L New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, III. II. The Source of Manila Elemi. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. 30. No. 30, 1905, Chemical Laboratory. — I. Autocatalytic Decomposition of Silver Oxide. II. Hydration in Solution. By Gilbert N. Lewis, Ph. D. 31. No. 31, 1905, Biological Laboratory. — I. Notes on a Case of H®matochyluria (To- gether with Some Observations on the Morphology of the Embryo Nematode, Filaria Nocturnal. By William B. Wherry, M. D., and John R. McDill, M. D., Manila, P. I. II. A Search into the Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Witte’s “Peptone,” with Special Reference to Its Influence on the Demonstration of the Indol and Cholera- Red Reactions. By William B. Wherry M. D. 32. No. 32, 1905. — Biological Laboratory: I. Intestinal Haemorrhage as a Fatal Com- plication in Amoebic Dysentery and Its Association with Liver Abscess. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. II. The Action of Various Chemical Substances upon Cultures of Amoebae. By J. B. Thomas, M. D., Baguio, Benguet. Biological and Serum Laboratories : III. The Pathology of Intestinal Amoebiasis. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D., and W. E. Musgrave, M. D. 33. No. 33, 1905, Biological Laboratory. — Further Observations on Fibrin Thrombosis in the Glomerular and in Other Renal Vessels in Bubonic Plague. By Maximilian Herzog, M. D. * No. 34, 1905. — I. Birds from Mindoro and Small Adjacent Islands. II. Notes on Three Rare Luzon Birds. By Richard C. McGregor. 35. No. 35, 1905. — I. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, IV. II. Notes on Cuming’s Philippine Plants in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. III. Hackel, “Notes on Philippine Grasses.” IV. Ridley,, “Scitimineas Philippinen- sis. V. Clarke, “Philippine Acanthacese.” By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. 36. No. 36, 1905. — A Hand-List of the Birds of the Philippine Islands. By Richard C. McGregor and Dean C. Worcester. * Report of the Superintendent of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1902. (Appendix M of Third Annual Report of the Philippine Commission.) * Report of the Superintendent of Government Laboratories in the Philippine Islands for the Year Ending September 1, 1903. (Appendix G of the Fourth Annual Report of the Philippine Commission.) 39. Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Bureau of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1904. 40. Fourth Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Bureau of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1905. Bureau of Science — Publications. 101. Price and Exchange List of Philippine Bird Skins in the Collection of the Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I. (Effective January 1, 1908.) 102. No. 1, 1909- — A Check-List of Philippine Fishes. By David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson. In press. 103. No. 2, 1909. — A Manual of Philippine Birds. By Richard C. McGregor, Parts I and II. A systematic index to the orders, families, and genera. Paper, P8 for the two parts. * Out of print. (Concluded on third page of cover.) THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science C. Botany Yol. IV APRIL, 1909 No. 1 THE FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASI ATIC REGION. PART 1. By Edwin Bingham Copeland. (From the Bureau of Education. Manila. I'. /.) The fern flora of the Malay Archipelago is the richest in the world, in species, in genera, and in families. In recent geological times this region has evidently been a center for the diffusion of species, in every direction in which no impassable barriers prevent it. The study of this flora has therefore a very special bionomic interest; but a thorough floristic study is an indispensable prerequisite to any valuable bionomic work. I have devoted a number of years to this field, and am presenting this “flora” in the expectation that it will make this work easier for others. In this Part I, including all familes except Tlymenophyllaceac and Poly- podiaceae, the genera are almost all so striking in appearance that the photograph of one species in each will permit their immediate recogni- tion by a beginner. However, the subjects for the photographs have been chosen from species the illustration of which will lie useful to special- ists in pteridology. The greater part of the material used in this work is in the herbarium of the writer and in that of the Bureau of Science, in Manila. The plants in these families in the Hongkong herbarium were kindly loaned by the Director of that institution, Mr. S. T. Dunn ; and the veteran missionary and botanist, Urbain Faurie, of Aomori, Japan, has helped me with his complete material in the same families. Grateful acknowl- edgment is made to these gentlemen. While this part is in press, the large volume “Malayan Ferns” by Captain C. E. W. K. van Alderwerelt van Roseburg came to hand. I am fortunately still able to make such corrections in this paper as do not break into paragraphs, and can therefore use van Alderwerelt’s previously unpublished information as to the range of various species. 80915 2 COPELAND. KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF FILICALES. Sporangium derived from a group of cells, wall more than 1 cell thick (Euspor- ANGIATAE ) . Sporangia solitary, marginal on reduced segments 1. Ophioglossaceae Sporangia in sori, dorsal, on normal fronds 2. Marattiaccae Sporangium derived from a single cell; wall 1 cell thick (Leptosporangiatae) . Spores of two kinds; aquatic plants ( Hydropteridineae ) . Leaves cruciform 3. Marsileaceae Leaves not cruciform, plants floating 4. Salviniaceae Spores of one kind, mostly terrestrial (Eufilicineae) . Leaves with the usual leaf tissues. Sporangium opening by a longitudinal slit. Annulus rudimentary 5. Osmundaceae Annulus subapical G. Schizaeaceae Annulus medial 7. Gleicheniaceae Sporangium opening by a more or less transverse slit. Annulus oblique. Aquatic 8. Parkcriaceae Not aquatic, rhizome creeping 9. Matoniaceae Not aquatic, caudex erect, mostly tree ferns 10. Gycitheaceae Annulus longitudinal, incomplete 12. Polypodiaceae Leaves without stomata, usually without parenchyma.. 11. Hymenophyllaceae artificial key. Aquatic, leaves cruciform Marsilea, p. 12 Aquatic, leaves simple, floating plants. Midrib present, but no veinlets Azolla, p. 14 Veinlets present Salvinia, p. 14 Aquatic, leaves pinnately compound Ceratopteris, p. 2G Terrestrial, stipules present Marattiace^e, p. 8 Terrestrial, stipules wanting. Frond forked into a sterile segment and a fertile one arising from it or below it. Ophioglossaceae, p. 3 Frond not forked into a sterile and a fertile segment. Leaves mostly very thin, sori terminal, inclosed by two equal thin valves ( Hymenophyllace.e ) . Leaves mostly thicker, sori not inclosed by two equal thin valves. Rachis scandent, monopodial (dichotomous) Ly podium, p. 17 Frond grass- or rush-like, digitate or dichotomous at top Schizaea, p. 20 Fronds monopodial, pendent Phanerosorus, p. 28 Fronds not monopodial, nor grass-like with digitate or dichotomous apex. Frond fan-shaped, with pinnate divisions Matonia, p. 27 Frond not fan-shapped with pinnate divisions. Ultimate divisions pinnate, frond equally dichotomous below these. Gleichenia , p. 22 Frond not dichotomous and then pinnate. Sporangia large, opening by a slit across the apex Osmunda, p. 15 Sporangia not opening by a slit across the apex. Tree-ferns with oblique annulus Cyatiieace.e, p. 28 Not tree-ferns with oblique annulus. Annulus oblique, frond at least tripinnate Balantium, p. 61 Annuls not oblique, or frond but once pinnate' ( Polypodiace.-e ) . FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. o O 1. OPHIOGLOSSACErE. Rhizome usually underground, small, usually erect, of very slow growth, producing one or two leaves annually; fronds small or of moderate size, without stipules, straight or folded in vernation (not circinate) ; fertile segment very contracted, springing from the ventral face of the sterile frond or of its stipe; sporangia large, formed each from a group of superficial cells and having a wall several layers of cells thick, without any annulus. A small family of three genera. These are perhaps the most primitive living Pteridophyta. The origin of the sporangium, the vernation, ancl the structure of the stomata recall Anthoceros ; and these characters and the occurrence of collateral bundles with secondary thickening indicate a close affinity to what must have been the ancestors of the flowering plants. Veins reticulate 1. Ophioglossum Veins free: Sterile segment pinnate in plan 2. Botrychium Sterile segment trifid, its divisions sparingly pinnate 3. Helminthostachys 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM Linnaeus. Sterile segment entire or sparingly forked, with anastomosing veins ; fertile segment likewise simple or rarely forked, fleshy, linear; sporangia immersed in the sides of the segment and opening by a slit transverse to it. A genus of at most 43 known species, chiefly tropical. Fertile and sterile segments separating at or below the base of sterile blade. Sterile blade with an ajrparently stout midrib 1. 0. fibrosum Without apparently stout midrib. Sterile blade linear or lanceolate. Segments separating well above ground 2. 0. gramineum Common stipe hardly reaching above ground. Fertile segment rising from base of sterile 3. 0. japonic-uni Sterile segment stalked 4. 0. braunii Sterile blade ovate or elliptic. Base cuneate or truncate 5. 0. pedunculosum Base cordate 6. 0 . reticulatum Sterile blade obovate 7. 0. obovatum Fertile segment rising from sterile blade. Terrestrial 8. 0. intermedium Epiphytic 9. 0. pendulum Sterile blade practically none 10. 0. simplex 1. Ophioglossum fibrosum Sebum. Rhizome large and globose with numerous fibrous roots; common stipe very short; sterile segment 4 to 5 cm long, lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, thick and opaque; venation very dense next the costa, giving the appearance of a broad midrib; fertile segment 3 to 5 cm long, on a stipe of 10 to 12 cm ; sporangia up to 50 on a side. Southern India, Sumatra, tropical Africa. 4 COPELAND. 2. Ophioglossum gramineum Willd. Common stipe rising well above the ground; sterile lamina 10 to 15 mm long; 1 to 2 mm broad, fertile segment arising from base of sterile, the spike up to 9 mm long, with 4 to 9 sporangia on a side; whole plant not over 4.5 cm high. India, New Guinea, western Africa. 3. Ophioglossum japonicum Prantl. Rhizome cjdindrieal ; common stipe hardly reaching above the ground ; sterile lamina about -1.5 cm long, lanceolate, somewhat fleshy; fertile seg- ment rising from the base of the sterile, and 3 to 4 times as high, sporan- gia up to 50 on a side. Japan. 4. Ophioglossum braunii Prantl. Common stipe not reaching above the ground; sterile blade lanceolate, typically thin but in the only reported collection from this part of the world said to he thicker, free veinlets few, and the midvein not branched ; fertile segment arising below the base of the sterile. Yunnan (?) ; Cape Verde Islands. 5. Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv. (Plate I, P>. C.) Rhizome cylindrical or globose, with copious fleshy roots ; common stipe arising 1 to 5 cm or more above the ground; sterile blade ovate, usually acute, subentire, narrowed abruptly to a cuneate base, com- monly 3 to 4 cm long, the extremes in the Philippines being 1. cm and 7 cm; fertile segment arising from the base of the sterile or just below it ; stipe of fertile segment 1 to 1 times exceeding the sterile one. A common and exceedingly variable species, which has therefore received many names. I am unable to distinguish 0. timorense Miq. Two plants described as varieties of this species by Raciborski are raised to specific rank by van Alderwerelt (p. 774) : 0. inconspicuum of Java and New Guinea, and 0. pumilum of Java. Japan to India and New Zealand. G. Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Similar to 0. pedunculosum, but the sterile blade cordate above the short cuneate base; a less variable species here, without very small forms. Luzon, Mount Mariveles; in the tropics from the Carolines eastward to the Mascarenes. 7. Ophioglossum obovatum Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1868) 93. Sterile segment 5 cm long, 12 mm broad, with a stipe one-third as long, oblong-obovate or more rarely broadly obovate, apex broadly rounded, FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 0 base gradually narrowed to a broad petiole, so bcoriaceous, green, margin crisped when dried, areolae with a secondary interior network; stipe of fertile segment far exceeding the sterile, commonly 10 cm high, “spike'5 narrow, 2.5 cm long, mucronate, sporangia 40 on a side. Timor. The preceding 7 species constitute with us the subgenus Eu-ophioglossum ; there is no general agreement as to the limitations of the sjjecies in this group. Besides those here enumerated, Christensen cites 0. parvifolium Grev. & Hook., from Malacca and India ; it is not improbably a form of 0. pedunculosuin , as stated by Matsumura and Hayata. There seems to be another species in Minda- nao, but my material does not justify describing it. 0. macrorhisum Kze.. a South American plant, has been ascribed doubtfully to the Philippines. 8: Ophioglossum intermedium Hooker. (Plate I, A.) Rhizome terrestrial and on rotten logs ; stipe erect, about 10 cm high, merging into the blade; sterile blade about 10 cm high, oblaneeolate, entire or lobed near the apex, obtuse, veins reticulate without free in- cluded veinlets; fertile segment arising from the sterile and equaling or somewhat overtopping it. Borneo, Java, Mindoro, New Guinea. 9. Ophioglossum pendulum L. Rhizome epiphytic, giving rise to a number of pendent fronds; stipe up to 10 cm long, merging into the blade; sterile blade 20 to 100 or even 150 cm long, 2 to 6 cm broad, simple or more often forked, usually sinuate, fleshy-coriaceous but drying thin, veins reticulate with large areoles and no included veinlets; fertile segments one or often a pair, springing from below the middle of the sterile blade, short-stalked, with a fleshy spike 3 to 10 cm or more long. Mauritius to India, Formosa, Yakushima, New South Wales, and Hawaii. 10. Ophioglossum simplex Ridley. Terrestrial, rhizome short and tuberous, with few roots; fertile fronds solitary, or two together, slender, flattened, with a blunt apex, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 mm wide, dark green; sterile division represented by a very small lateral process, or quite absent; fertile portion of frond about 3 cm long, with a stipe of less than this length above the sterile rudiment. Sumatra, Siak, wet forests on the Kelantan River. 2. BOTRYCHIUM Swartz. Frond pinnate in plan, in most species several times pinnate and deltoid, the fertile segment as much branched as the sterile, or more so; sporangia globose, not immersed, opening by a transverse slit. A genus 6 COPELAND. of at most 34 known species, cosmopolitan, but with a boreal center of distribution. Pi mice flabellate rather than pinnate. Sterile and fertile segments separating just below sterile blade 1. B. lunar ia Common stalk very short 2. B. simplex Fronds at least tripinnatifid. Fertile segment arising below the base of the sterile. Sterile frond fleshy, typically with a hyaline margin. Segments widened on both sides above base 3. B. matricari.ae Segments not widened on both sides 4. B. obliquum Sterile frond without hyaline margin. Frond fleshy 5. B. ternatum Frond thin, herbaceous. Fertile segment arising above middle of the petiole 6. B. daucifplium Fertile segment arising lower down 7. B. japonicuin Fertile segment arising from base of sterile : 8. B. virginianum Fertile segment arising from racliis of sterile 9. B. lamiginosum 1. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swtz. Stipe stout, fleshy, 3 to 10 cm high; sterile segment 2 to 6 cm long, about 2 cm broad, pinnate, rachis flattened rather than winged; pinnae usually equal, broader than long, sessile or nearly so, subcuneate, entire or variously incised on the outer side, fleshy, glabrous, the lowest pair sometimes enlarged, and doubly incised; fertile segment arising from (or just below) the base of the sterile, its stalk 3 to 7 enr long, the blade (panicle) lanceolate deltoid, pinnae stalked, the lowest pair pinnate. Himalayas to Europe and Siberia; North America, Patagonia, New Zealand, southern Australia. 2. Botrychium simplex Hitclic. Like B. Lunaria, but decidedly smaller and more simple, and the stalks of the two segments separating well below the base of the sterile one. Japan, North America, northern Europe. 3. Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spr. Stipe separating less than halfway up to the base of the sterile segment; young frond hairy; sterile blade deltoid, in Chinese specimens 5 cm long, 4 cm broad, tripinnate, the lobes small, oval, widening abruptly on both sides above the base, or even cordate, margin hyaline because of thick epidermis; veins spreading above the base; stipe of the ample fertile segment 10 cm long. The plant grows larger elsewhere. Central China, northern Asia, Europe and America. 4. Botrychium obliquum Miihl. Like the preceding, but the common stipe very short — only 1 cm long in Chinese specimens — the sterile segments broader than long, its ulti- mate divisions more ample (i. e., less cut), and oblique, usually not much widened above the base on the upper side, and the veins less spreading. Su-Chuen; eastern North America. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. I 5. Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz. Similar to the two preceding species but thinner in texture, without a hyaline border, and with the margin finely toothed ; fronds about 10 cm broad, nearly as long, usually quinquepin natifid : total height of fertile segment 30 cm. Japan to the Himalayas. 6. Botrychium daucifolium Wall. Axes permanently more or less hairy ; common stipe 10 to 17 cm high, fleshy, special stipe of sterile segment 2 to 5 cm long, blade 10 to 30 cm each way, deltoid, tripinnatifid, or sometimes tripinnate; segments lan- ceolate-oblong, 7 mm more or less broad, sharply irregularly toothed, herbaceous; fertile segments equaling or exceeding the sterile. India to Java, Mindanao, and Negros. 7. Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Und. (Plate II.) Very like B. daucifolium , the stipe forking about halfway from the base of the sterile blade to the stem, the sterile margin more finely and regularly toothed, and the fertile segment far overtopping the sterile. Japan. 8. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz. Mature frond practically glabrous, stipe about 20 cm high; sterile segment deltoid, 15-30 cm each way, usually quadripinnatifid and the larger lobes then incised at the apex, with sharp uniform teeth about 0.7 mm broad, herbaceous or membranaceous; fertile segment ample, arising from the base of the sterile, and its stipe usually surpassing the latter. Yunnan and the Himalayas, Japan, Europe, America south to Brazil. Botrychium strictum Underw. is a Japanese plant with very strict fertile segment, otherwise essentially like B. virginianum. 9. Botrychium lanuginosum Wall. Similar to B. virginianum, but the main axes permanently pubescent, the texture not so thin, the secondary or tertiary pinnules more flabellate, and the fertile segment arising from the rachis of the sterile and the whole fertile segment usually not equaling the sterile. Following most recent authors, I have split the species in this genus more finely than I am at all sure is justified; but the last two are certainly distinct. India, Ceylon, Luzon. 3. HELMINTHOSTACHYS Kaulfuss. Sterile segment trifid, the three divisions pinnatifid into a few large lobes, veins curved, free; fertile segment erect from the base of the sterile, stalked, very compact, with very short, close branches ; sporangium opening by a longitudinal slit. A single species. 8 COPELAND. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hooker. (Plate 111.) Rhizome stout, creeping underground; stipes 20 to 35 cm high; sterile segment 18 to 35 cm each way, cut to the base into 3 parts each of which is pinnatifid or pinnate with 1 to 5 pinnae, which are lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm broad, herbaceous, entire or irregularly sinuate- toothed ; stipe of fertile segment about 10 cm high, the spike-like panicle rather shorter. India to New Caledonia and northern Australia, northward to Formosa. 2. MA Ii ATT 1 AGILE. Stem usually large and globose, rarely creeping; fronds circinate in vernation, provided with persistent, more or less fleshy stipules ; sori borne on the backs of veins; sporangia large, formed from a group of cells, with a wall more than one cell thick, opening by a longitudinal slit (which rarely shortens to a pore). A small and isolated family of ferns of striking aspect, including only Danaeci, of tropical America, and the following five genera: Sporangia of each sorus not fused together ( Angiopterideae ) Fronds at least bipinnate 1. Angiopteris Fronds simply pinnate. Sori on the specialized border of the pinna 2. Macroglossum , Sori midway between costa and margin 3. Archangiopteris Sporangia in each sorus fused together. Sori elongate, veins free 4. Marattia Sori round, veins anastomosing 5. Christensenia ANGIOPTERIS Hoffmann. Very large ferns with thick, globose, or rarely trunk-like stems, covered with leaf-scars and large, fleshy stipules; stipe stout, with an enlarged pulvinus at the base; frond usually bipinnate, rarely more divided, pinnae attached to rachis by pulvini; sori marginal or submarginal ; sporangia usually 6 to 14, at most about 20, in contact but not fused into a synangium. A genus of majestic ferns, most abundant in the Malay region, extending to Polynesia, the Himalaya, and tropical Africa. Hooker and Baker, and most other recent writers reduce all to a single species ; at the other extreme is the monograph of De Vriese & Hartig, describing 60 species. The number of tenable species is certainly large, but the task of determining which of De Vriese & Hartig’s species are such, and of describing not a few others, must be left for another monographer. I give separate mention here only to the Philippine species recently distin- guished by Christ. Angiopteris evecta (Foist.) Hoffm. . . Pinnae opposite, oblong, with linear-acuminate apex, serrate, sori in a continuous submarginal series.” Between the real veinlets are hyaline pseudo-veins of sclerenchyma, recurrent from the margin almost to the costa; up to 20 sporangia in a sorus. Tahiti ; and commonly treated as covering the whole range of the genus, and including all the forms. FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATTC REGION. 9 Angiopteris augustifolia Presl is the commonest Philippine species. Fronds up to 5 m long, tire pinnules green on both surfaces, typically about 13 cm long, less than 1 cm broad, apex finely serrate; recurrent veinlets evident; sori of 5 or 6 sporangia. A. cauclata de Vr., does not seem to be more than a form of Ibis, with especially pubescent axes. Angiopteris pruinosa Kze. (as construed by Christ) is a beautiful plant with fronds dark green above and bluish-wliite beneath, sori of about 8 sporangia close to the margin, and the line apex obscurely toothed, the base not cordate. It is found in the Visayas and north to central Luzon; it does not seem to me identical with the Javan plant of Kunze. Angiopteris similis Presl, described from Java and recently found in Minda- nao, has pinnules up to 18 cm long and 21 mm broad, serrate only on the sterile tip, pale green beneath, with very fine recurrent veinlets and dark brown sori. Angiopteris cart ilagidens Christ (Plate IV) is a Benguet plant, with the pinnules everywhere prominently and usually very sharply toothed, recurrent veinlets conspicuous but short, and sori of 8 to 12 sporangia well inside the margin. A. crassipes Wall, is an example of the species without recurrent veinlets. It extends from Nepal and Burma to Japan. 2. MACROGLOSSUM Copeland. Caudex globose; fronds very large, simply pinnate; recurrent veinlets none ; sori about 40 ; sporangia borne on the specialized, convex margin of the pinnae. A single species. Macroglossum alidae Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 343. (Plate V.) Fronds suberect, about 3 m high; pinnae attached to racliis by a pul- vinus, up to 50 cm long, 6 cm wide, abruptly narrowed to the caudate tip, base rounded, coriaceous, glabrous. Borneo ( Sarawak, Bidi ) . 3. ARCHANGIOPTERIS Christ et Gies. Frond simply pinnate, pinnae with swollen pulvini, few; veins free: sori long, midway between costa and margin; sporangia very small (for this family) and numerous; scales of the indusium persisting as a white line along the middle of each sorus. A single species. Archang iopteris henryi Christ et Gies. (Plate VI.) Stipe and stalks of pinnae finely scaly ; pinnae 5 to 12, stalked above the pulvini, about 20 cm long by 4 cm broad, acuminate, serrate toward the apex, glabrous, herbaceous; sori on most veins except at base and apex of pinna; sporangia up to 160 in a sorus. Yunnan, in forest, alt. 1,500 m. 10 COPELAND. 4. MAR ATT I A Swartz. Fronds large, at least bipinnate; pinnae attached by pulvini ; sori below tlie apices of the free veins, in a row parallel to each margin, the sporangia of each sorns fitsed together forming a synanginm. Christensen recog- nizes 28 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres and south to the Cape of Good Hope. Our species are too near together. Synangia usually of 8 or less pairs of sporangia. Main racliis smooth. Pinnules broadly lanceolate, acuminate 1. M. fraxinea Pinnules narrowly lanceolate, caudate 2. M. pellucidu Main racliis rough 3. AL sambucina Synangia usually of 10 or more pairs of sporangia. Coarsely serrate 4. M. silvatica Obscurely serrate, except at apex 5. M. ternatea 1. Marattia fraxinea Smith. The original plant, from Bourbon, has bipinnate fronds, naked axes, almost sessile pinnules 5 to 8 cm long, serrate, lanceolate, acuminate; sori submarginal, sporangia about 6 on each side. Various modern writers have included under this name all the related forms, of Malaya, Asia, Africa, and tropical Australia. I mention here those regarded as distinct by Diels, Christ or Christensen. 2. Marattia pellucida Presl. Similar to M. fraxinea , but the pinnules narrower and longer (ID cm long), decidedly caudate, pale beneath, the sori shorter (usually about 1 mm long). The two species should probably be united; M. vestita Christ is probably identical with M. pellucida. Philippines; New Caledonia. 3. Marattia sambucina Bl. Main racliis rough, rachises of pinnae winged; pinnules sessile, hardly 6 cm long, oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrate with appressed teeth; vein- lets simple; sori two-fifths of the way from the margin to the costa; sporangia 8, more or less, on a side. Java, Celebes; Luzon, teste Christ. 4. Marattia silvatica Blume. Described as differing from M. sambucina in being coarsely serrate and tripinnate. The Luzon plant referred here is very coarsely serrate, sometimes tripinnate but not normally so, has pinnules up to 9 cm long, usually stalked, and large synangia of 12 or more pairs of synangia. Java, New Guinea; Luzon. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 11 5. Marattia ternatea de Vriese. (Plate VII.) Pinnules 10 to 20 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, abruptly narrowed at the base, margin obscurely serrate and usually deflexed, more sharply serrate at the apex, texture coriaceous; sori remote from the margin, 3 mm long; sporangia about 15 pairs. Moluccas, Luzon. 5. CHRISTENSENIA Maxon. ( Eaulfussia Bl.) Eliizome creeping, fleshy; fronds simple or palmate; veinlets anas- tomosing but without free included veinlets; sori irregularly scattered, round, the sporangia fused into synangia. Usually treated as a single species. Christensen ia aesculifolia (Bl.) Maxon. Stipe 20 to 45 cm high; leaflets 3 to 5, stalked or the lateral ones ses- sile, middle one the largest, 22 to 40 cm long. Eight to 12 cm broad; synangia of 10 to 15 sporangia. Malaya to northern India. Christensen ia cumingiana Christ Philip. Jouvn. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 186. (Plate VIII.) Stipe up to 17 cm high; frond most often simple, and up to 16 cm long and 10 cm wide, cordate, obtuse; sometimes with three leaflets, the middle one not over 15 cm long, sometimes whitish beneath. Sori of 7 to 15 sporangia. Hardly distinct from C. aesculifolia. Mindanao, Negros, Luzon. HYDROPTERIDINEiE. Spores of two kinds in distinct sporangia: macrosporangia, each con- taining 1 macrospore in which the female prothallium develops ; and microsporangia, each containing numerous microspores which develop the male prothallia; sporangia borne in inclosed sori, close to the stem, on very reduced leaves or parts of leaves. Aquatic plants, very distinct in appearance from other ferns. 3. MAESILEACEdE. Aquatics with stems creeping on the bottom and leaves which are without blade, or with blades floating on the surface or rising above it, eircinate in vernation (like the true ferns) ; macrospores and micro- spores borne in the same sori. Three genera — Pilularia, whose leaves are destitute of lamina, wanting in this part of the world; Regnellidium, with one Brazilian species; and the following: 12 COPELAND. M A RSI LEA Linnaeus. Normal leaves long-stalkecl, the blade cruciform. Fifty-six recognized species, in tropical, subtropical and temperate countries. The species vary exceedingly with the habitat and those listed here are probably not all distinct. Pedicels branched or clustered. Pedicel adnate to base of stipe 1. M. quadrifolia Pedicel not adnate to base of stipe. Pedicel longer than the fruit. Three fruits at the base of each leaf 2. M. minuta Two fruits at the base of each leaf. Fruit longer than broad, .3 mm long 3. M. crcmta Fruit as broad as long, very small 4. If. brachycarpa Pedicel shorter than the fruit :. 5. ill., brachypus Pedicels not branched, one at base of each leaf. Leaves without pellucid streaks. Sporoearps nearly round, densely silky 6. M . condensata Sporoearps nearly square, glabrescent 7. M. quadrata Leaves with pellucid streaks 8. M . coromandelica 1. Marsilea quadrifolia L. Rhizome wide-creeping under water; stipe 8-15 cm long; leaflets ob- deltoid, 15 mm more or less long, entire, outer side rounded, glabrous; pedicels in all 15 to 30 mm long, attached halfway more or less to the stipe, forked above this and bearing 2 to 4 sporoearps; sporoearps 3 to 4 mm long, round-oblong, glabrescent, not bordered, with two minute basal teeth ; sori 16 to 20 in each sporoc-arp. Europe to northern India and Japan ;. Connecticut. 2. Marsilea minuta L. Stipe 5 cm more or less high; leaflets cuneate-obdeltoid, glabrous or nearly so, 1 cm more or less long, outer edge toothed or almost entire; pedicels 3 to 5 mm high, usually 3 together, distinct unless at the very base; sporoearps about 3 mm long, not quite so broacl, with distinct border and ribs, and two basal teeth of which the lower is obscure, silky when young, but more or less glabrous at maturity. India, Java. 3. Marsilea crenata Presl. (Plate IX.) Stipes 10 cm more or less high, leaflets 12 to 18 mm long, or much smaller when terrestrial, glabrous; sporoearps normally 2, but one of these sometimes abortive, and at the base of several clustered, upper tooth sharp and prominent, margin not well developed, and ribs none ; otherwise like M. minuta, M. Mearnsii Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 276, is exactly this species; both Presl and Christ mention pellucid streaks, but I can not see them. Philippines, from Ilocos, Luzon, to Davao. FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 13 4. Marsilea brachycarpa A. Br. Leaflets minute, incised, firm in texture; sporoc-arps very small, as broad as long, bordered but not ribbed, with only three sori on each side ; otherwise like the preceding species. Peg'll. 5. Marsilea brachypus A. Br. Leaves silky; pedicles shorter than the fruit, 2 or 3 together; sporo- carps silky at maturity, ribbed. Neilglierries. I/, gracilenta A. Br., from the Concan is like M. brachypus, but with less silky leaves, ancl without visible ribs on the sporocarps. All of the preceding plants except M . quadrifolia seem closely related, and are united under M. minuta by Baker. (5. Marsilea condensata Baker. “Subterrestrial, densely tufted; stipes 12 to 36 mm long; leaflets trian- gular, firm in texture, thinly silky, 6 to 8 mm long, crenate on the outer edge ; pedicels in a tuft with the leaves, free to the base, 3 to 6 mm long, stiffly erect, actuate to the whole base of the sporoc-arp ; sporocarp horizon- tal, suborbicular, densely silky, 3 mm long; basal teeth none or very obscure; sori about 10 in all.” India (Scinde). 7. Marsilea quadrata A. Br. Similar to M. condensata, but the leaves slightly larger; pedicels 6 to 8 cm long; sporocarps nearly square, glabrescent, 2 mm long, basal teeth distinct, the upper one prominent, sori 5 or 6 in all. Borneo. 8. Marsilea Coromandel ica Burm. A small plant, aquatic or subterrestrial, glabrous throughout; stipe up to 7 cm long, leaflets 2 to 8 mm long, entire, with false veinlets of sclerenchyma showing as hyaline streaks between the real veinlets; pedi- cels 12 to 18 mm long, free, inserted in the middle of the case of the sporocarp; sporocarp oblong, erect, 4 mm long, bordered and ribbed, teeth distinct, sori 4 to 6 on a side. India. 4. S A L VINI ACEiE. Small plants, floating on the water; fronds folded in the bud, simple; macrospores and microspores in separate sori. Two genera. Roots none, normal leaves not lobed 1. Salvinia Roots present, leaves lobed - 2. Azolla 14 COPELAND. 1. SALVINIA (Micheli) Adanson. Leaves borne in whorls of 3, of which two are normal undivided leaves, borne on the dorsal side, and the other, ventral, one, called the “water- leaf” is dissected, metamorphosed to replace the roots, which are wanting ; normal frond with costa and veinlets; sori borne on the basal segments of the water-leaves. Thirteen species, chiefly tropical. Leaves horizontal, flat, oblong 1. 8. natans Leaves suberect, wider than long 2. 8. cucullata 1. Salvinia natans (L.) All. (Plate X, A.) Fronds stalked, horizontal, oblong, about 1 cm long, half as broad, rounded at both ends or the base cordate, veinlets 17 to 20 on a side, each with 6 to 8 tufts of fine bristles on the upper surface; nether sur- face and stem brownish-pubescent. Plains of India, China south to Fokien, Japan; northern Asia and Europe. 2. Salvinia cucullata Roxb. Fronds sessile, congested, nearly or quite erect, with inflexed margins, 12 to 15 mm broad, not so long; venation lax, veins 10 to 12 on a side; upper surface bearing minute papilla}, nether surface nearly naked. India; western Australia. 2. AZOLLA Lamarck. Fronds very small, borne in two dorsal rows, deeply bilobed, each lobe with a midrib but no veinlets; fine roots borne on the under side of the stem. Five species. Azolla africana Desv. (Plate X, B.) Plant 1 cm more or less long and wide, branching freely and rather irregularly; leaf-lobes obovate, rather more than 1 mm long; roots, at least usually, not clustered; not feathery; macrospores with 9 floats. (A. pinnata R. Br. of Australia is a larger plant, regularly branched, with very feathery roots.) Tropical Africa to the Philippines and Nippon. eufilicine.se. 5. OSMUNDACEiE. Rhizome mostly erect, stout ; fronds pinnate to tripinnatifid, veins free ; sporangia on specialized fronds or parts of fronds, or the backs of normal fronds, annulus reduced to a cluster of thick-walled cells, slit extending from this cluster across the apex to the other side of the sporangium; indusia wanting. A small family related to the Gleicheniaceae and Schisaeaceae, and probably to the eusporangiate ferns. Three genera: Leptopteris (7 species) in Austral- asia; Todea (1 species) from New Zealand to S. Africa; and Osmunda. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 1 5 OSMUNDA Linnaeus. Sporangia entirely covering very reduced segments which may make up certain pi rime, or whole fronds, the fertile pinnse more compound than the sterile; fronds pinnate or bipinnate, pinnae and pinnules ar- ticulate to raehises. Ten species, one in Brazil, beside the following. The three species of the eastern United States all reappear in eastern Asia, but are wanting in the western United States. Sterile fronds bipinnate ( Eu-Osmunda ) . Pinnules not acute at base. Pinnules oblong or lanceolate, not adnate 1. O.regalis Pinnules almost round, mostly adnate 2. 0. mildel Pinnules acute at base 3. 0. lancea Sterile fronds deeply bipinnatifid ( Osmundastruji ) . Fertile and sterile fronds distinct 4. 0. cinnamomea Fertile and sterile pinnules on same frond 5. 0. claytoniana Sterile pinnae not deeply pinnatifid (Plenasium) . Pinnae narrowly linear 6. 0. bromeliifolia Pinnse lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Pinnae with salient teeth 7. O. banksiifolia Pinnae with appressed teeth or entire. Larger pinnae more than 25 cm long 8. 0. javanica Larger pinnse less than 20 cm long 9. 0. vachelii 1. Osmunda regal is L. Stipes tufted, usually more than 30 cm high; frond, excluding stipe 50 to 120 cm high, 30 cm or more broad, bipinnate, a few apical pinnse fertile; pinnae approximately opposite, short-stalked; pinnules subsessile, 3-5 cm long, about 1 cm broad, the sides parallel, obtuse, unequally trun- cate at the base, finely serrulate, subeoriaceous, glabrous; fertile pinnules reduced, cylindrical, lobed or pinnate. Var. japonica Thunb. (Plate XI.) Usually smaller than the typical form, sterile and fertile fronds dis- tinct ; the sterile pinnules gradually narrowed upward from a broad base. Cosmopolitan, but unknown in the Philippines. Malaya and Australia : the variety japonica is the common form from Japan to India. 2. Osmunda mildei C. Clir. (0. bipinnata Hook.) A rather smaller fern than 0. regalis, upper sterile pinnae entire, the others with an entire distal segment about 3 cm long and 10 to 14 mm broad with rounded apex, lobed below this, and below the lobes bearing pinnules 10 to 17 mm long, about 9 mm broad, entire, rounded at both ends and adnate to the winged rachis, fertile pinnae typically at base of frond, but often found elsewhere, or almost the whole frond fertile. Hongkong and adjacent mainland. 16 COPELAND. 3. Osmunda lancea Thunb. Like Q. regalis var. japonica except for the sterile pinnules, which are 3.5 to 4 cm long, at most 7 mm broad, acute at both ends, serrulate only above the middle, and borne on stalks 1 to 3 mm long. Japan. 4. Osmunda cinnamomea L. Stipes densely tufted, 30 to 60 cm high, those of the fertile frond the higher and more densely woolly: sterile frond 50 to 100 cm high, about 20 cm wide, abruptly contracted at the top : pinnse sessile, close, 10 to 13 cm long, about 25 mm broad; acuminate, cut almost to the costa;, lobes close, subfalcate, and traversed obliquely by the main vein in (typ- ical) American plants, more remote and straighter in Japanese specimens, oblong, subcoriaceous, glabreseent ; fertile frond 20-35 cm high, hardly 3 cm wide, dense, bipinnate, transient. Eastern Asia south to China; America. Var. fokienense C'opel. Fronds less than 1 m high including stipe, about 10 cm broad, when very young ciliate, especially in the sinuses, otherwise practically glabrous, coriaceous; segments almost straight, oblong, rounded. Collected by Mr. Dunn in Fokien, No. 3763. 5. Osmunda claytoniana L. Frond less woolly when young; pinnae obtuse; segments rounded, the vein hardly oblique, texture herbaceous; fertile pinnae borne midway, with upper and basal parts of frond sterile; otherwise like O. cinnamomea. The Himalayas and western China; eastern United States. 6. Osmunda bromel i ifol ia (Presl) Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 147. Stipe 25-40 cm high, slender; frond including stipe usually less than 1 m high ; pinna? borne at an acute angle, the larger ones up to 23 cm long, 7 to 9 mm broad, on stalks more than 1 cm long with acuminate base and long-acuminate apex, sharply serrate except near the base with teeth about 5 mm long and 0.5 to 1 mm deep, glabrous, hard-coriaceous, veinlets mostly simple; fertile pinna? medial, considerably shorter than the sterile, pinnate and the pinnules lobed. Luzon, Mindoro. 7. Osmunda banksiifolia (Presl) Kuhn. Caudex sometimes 60 cm high and 15 cm thick, stipe stout; frond including stipe 1.5 to 2 m high; pinna? about as long as in the preceding species and more than twice as broad, short-stalked, acuminate, acute at base, serrate with prominent teeth as long as in the preceding species FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 17 and 2 or 3 times as deep; veinlets mostly forked; otherwise like 0. bromelii folia. A form found in Benguet, has teeth 6 mm deep. Philippines, Moluccas and southern China, Japan ; Kamtchatka. 8. Osmunda javanica Bl. Stipe and rachis very stout; frond sometimes 3 m high and 60 cm wide; larger pinnae 30 cm or more long, 2 to 3 cm broad, on stalks more than 1 cm long, acuminate, cuneate at base, sinuate or entire, coriaceous ; veins not pinnate but dichotomous, veinlets parallel, straight ; fertile frond irregularly lobed, but rarely to the costa, sporangia massed on the margin. Malay Islands. 9. Osmunda vachelii Hooker. Stipes 15 to 30 cm high, stouter than in 0. bromeliifolia ; frond 40 to 90 cm high; pinnae 10 to 15 cm, rarely more, long, not quite one-tenth as broad, on stalks 3 to 5 mm long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, entire or shallowly serrate with long, Hat teeth; fertile pinnae, reduced, pinnate with round or lobed pinnules. Entire and serrate pinnae can be found on the same fronds. China, India. Note.— The proper definition of the species of the § Plenasium has always been a puzzle. Various botanists have reduced them to a single one. If this can be done, its name must be O. bromeliifolia, but O. javanica is very different. I have not much fear of having made two species where I should have recognized but one; but do suspect that what I have called O. vachelii will some day be divided. 6. SCHIZAEACE.dE Sporangia borne singly (not in sori), each derived from a single cell, opening by a lengthwise slit; annulus a complete transverse ring at or just below the apex of the sporangium; fertile teeth or segments of the frond very contracted ; stems terrestrial ; fronds erect or with scandent rachis. Beside the following two, there are two genera in America and in and near Africa. There are about 120 known species. Frond scandent 1. Lygodium Frond small, erect 2. Schizaea 1. LYGODIUM Swartz. Bhizome underground ; leaves with scandent rachis of indefinite growth, constantly dichotomous, but alternate branches on the right and left almost dwarfed, and bearing a single pair of pinna?, while except at the base of young leaves the main rachis or preferred branch bears no pinnae; pinnae dichotomous or pinnate; sporangia borne on special teeth or spikes, each with only enough lamina to cover the sporangia; in each spike the veinlet is sympodially branched, the alternate branches bearing 80915 2 18 COPELAND. each one very oblique sporangium and its indusium. A genus of about 30 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres, and reaching to New Zealand, Japan and New England. Veins free. Pinnae dichotomous or palmate. Pinnules cuneate at base 1. L. circinnatum Pinnules auriculate on the outer side 2. L. semihastatum Pinnae pinnate. Ultimate pinnules articulate to stalks 3. L. scandens Ultimate pinnules not articulate. Fertile fronds not more compound than sterile. Dwarf-brancli short or obsolete. Ultimate pinnules regularly pinnately lobed 4. L. polys tachyum Ultimate pinnules not regularly pinnately lobed 5. L. flexuosum Dwarf-branch long 6. L. mearnsii Fertile fronds more compound than sterile 7. L. japonicum Venation reticulate. Terminal segments about 6 8. L. mat-thewi Terminal segments usually 2 9. L. merrilli 1. Lygodium circinnatum ( Bunn. ) Sw. Dwarf -branches 0 mm long ; pinna? with stalks 5 cm long, more or less, the sterile ones then dichotomously palmate but simple, or once or twice dichotomous and each division cut almost to the base into 2 or 3 lobes, cuneate at the base and slightly decurrent ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, entire, 10 to 30 (usually about 15) cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, herbaceous or subeoriaceous, young tips hairy ; veins free, close; fertile pinnae usually twice dichotomous and the ultimate division cleft very nearly to the base; lobes linear, lamina sometimes slightly, sometimes very much reduced, venation lax; spikes continuous along the margin, 2-5 mm long, brown. 1 suspect that L. basil anicum Christ is a dwarfed form of this species. Van Alderwerelt reports from Banca a plant seemingly inter- mediate between L. circinatum and L. trifurcatum Baker. L. digitatum Presl can not be distinguished as a species. Queensland to northern India, southern China, and the Batanes Islands. L. trifurcatum Baker, a Melanesian plant reported from Celebes by van Alderwerelt. has the spikes in groups of two or three. 2. Lygodium semihastatum (C'av.) Desv. Like L. circinnatum in plan, but usually larger throughout, the final pinnules auriclecT on one side (sometimes on both sides) at the base, the lobes less acuminate, and the sterile margins almost always finely crenate- serrate. L. teysmannii v. A. v. R. is, judging by the description, very like this species; in Philippine L. semihastatum the pinna? are often twice forked. Luzon to Mindanao and Borneo; Mariannes (?). FERNS OF THE MALA Y- A S 1 AT I C REGION. 19 3. Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. Dwarf-branch hairy, about 5 mm long, with a small terminal bucl buried in crinite hairlike brown scales ; pinnae usually 10-15 cm long, pinnate; pinnules 3 to 5 on a side, alternate, simple, deltoid-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, minutely crenulate, cordate or truncate at the base and articulate to a very narrowly winged stalk about 5 mm long; terminal pinnule usually palmately lobed; fertile pinnules usually smaller and rounder than the sterile. From both India and Xew Guinea I have mixtures of sterile pinnae of this species with fertile ones of L. flexuosum. Africa to Polynesia, north to Formosa and southern China. 4. Lygodium polystachyum Wall. Rachises hairy; dwarf -branch almost obsolete, with a small scaly ter- minal bud; pinnae about 20 cm long, pinnate; pinnules short-stalked, 3—5 cm long, deltoid-lanceolate, regularly. pinnatifid more than halfway to the costa into oblong, rounded segments, thinly herbaceous, glandular- hairy on the veins ; fertile segments contracted, each to one spike. Birina and the Malay Peninsula. 5. Lygodium flexuosum (L. ) Sw. Dwarf-branch 0 to 2 mm long; pinnae pinnate, 20 cm more or less long, often hairy throughout, rachis usually very narrowly winged ; lower pin- nules long-stalked, upper ones almost sessile, stalks winged; pinnules entire and narrowly deltoid-lanceolate, or with basal lobes on one side or both (usual form), or pinnate with one pinnule on each side and each of them with a short, broad lobe on the basal side; ultimate pinnules or divisions usually 3 to 7 cm long, sometimes longer, lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate, truncate or cordate at base, the sterile margin finely serrate. This is the most variable species of Lygodium. Hooker and Baker in Synopsis Filicum state that L. salicifolium is a “form with small neat long-stalked seg- ments.” I can not distinguish the “L. salicifolium Pr.” collected at Chittagong by Hooker and Thompson from typical L. flexuosum. Queensland to India, southern China, and Luzon. 6. Lygodium mearnsii C'opel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 37. Dwarf -branch 5 to 9 mm long; sterile pinnae 15 cm more or less long, often wider than long ; pinnules 2 or 3 on a side, the lowest with a stalk 1 cm or more long, pinnate, rachis winged ; pinnules 11 usually 1 on a side, lobed on each side at the base, and the lobe on the lower side in its turn lobed on one side, terminal segments lanceolate, mostly obtuse, crenate- serrate into broad, shallow, denticulate teeth, herbaceous, glabrous ; suc- ceeding pinnules smaller and more simple; fertile pinnules smaller, broader, and less cut, the spikes broad and fiat. Batanes Islands. 20 COPELAND. 7. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Swtz. Dwarf-branches 2 to 4 mm long; pinnae up to 25 cm long, ancl 15 cm broad, usually about two-thirds this size, rachis very narrowly winged ; pinnules decreasing upward in size and complexity, the lowest long- stalked, pinnate; pinnules 11 1 or 2 on a side, the lower stalked, lobed at the base and the lobes often auricled on one side, end segments longest, linear, obtuse, herbaceous, usually somewhat hairy, margin finely toothed ; fertile pinnae sometimes tripinnate, with small and numerous ultimate pinnules of which lateral ones are as broad as long, lamina reduced and sometimes almost wanting ; spikes usually 3 or 4 mm long. This also is a very variable species. Specimens with partially fertile pinnae are some- times hard to distinguish from L. fiexuosum: but as a rule the linear sterile segments and strong dimorphism make this species very easily recognized. Korean plants have most finely dissected sterile fronds. Specimens from India and Java have the sterile segments narrow but too short to be linear. The Philippine plants have most ample and least compound fertile pinnae. A specimen from Negros has spikes reaching a length of 2 cm. Japan and Korea to India and Australia. 8. Lygodium matthewi Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 36. The giant of the genus with rachis 5 mm thick, and pinnae more than 50 cm long; dwarf branch 0 mm long, with very large terminal bud; pinnules 1 or 2 on a side, long-stalked, cordate, dichotomously forked or palmate; terminal pinnules cuneate-cordate, dichotomously palmate with 5 or 6 segments which are 20 to 30 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, acuminate, irregularly serrate, herbaceous, venation copiously reticulate, fertile pinnae unknown. Luzon, Mount Maquiling, alt. 300 m. 9. Lygodium merrilli Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 146, PI. IV. (Plate XII.) Rachis 1.5 mm thick, hairy or glabrescent; dwarf-branch 0 mm long; pinnae up to 35 cm long : pinnules 2 or 3 on a side, the lower long-stalked, forked or rarely dichotomously palmate, decurrent-truncate, terminal pinnule forked or rarely twice forked, segments up to 15 cm long and 17 mm broad, obscurely serrate, membranaceous, glabrous; spikes about 5 mm long and 1.5 mm broad, on the tips of rather prominent teeth, which do not appear in the cut with the original description ; venation reticulate. Mindoro, alt. 300 m. 2. SCHI2AEA Smith. Rhizome under or on the ground ; fronds crowded, erect, sterile parts terete, or simple and grass-like, or dichotomous: sterile segments or spike born at the top; sporangia, in a row along each side of the unbranched vein, protected by the reflexecl margin. A genus of about 25 species. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 21 widely scattered, but chiefly in the tropics ; there are a number of species peculiar to New Guinea. Fertile spikes pinnately arranged. Frond terete. Spikes 4 to 6 on each side 1. 8. malaccana Spikes 10 to 20 on eacli side - 2. 8. fistulosa Frond flattened 3. 8. dichotovia Fertile spikes digitatelv arranged 4. 8. digitata 1. Schizaea malaccana Baker. Stipes dense, not distinguishable from the frond, which is 10 to 20 cm long, weak, flexuose, subterete, simply channeled in front, not more than 0.3 mm thick, the sterile and fertile ones similar; fertile segment erect, often bilateral, 6 mm deep, with 3 to 6 slender spreading spikes on each side, the lowest 4 to 5 mm long. Malaya to Birina ; Philippines ( ? ) . 2. Schizaea fistulosa Labill. Frond 10-30 cm high, rigid, rush-like; fertile segment suberect, about 20 mm long with 10 to 20 rather erect spikes on each side, the lowest 3 mm long; otherwise like the preceding. Borneo, teste Christ: Madagascar eastward to Chile. 3. Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Smith. (Plate XIII, A.) Rhizome deep-seated; stipes very crowded, not distinct from blade of frond, 10 tQ 30 cm up to the lowest fork, channeled in front, upper part and branches narrowly winged, branches 1 to 2 mm wide, repeatedly dichotomous ; fertile segment terminal, dense, with usually 5 to 8 spread- ing hairy spikes on each side. A dwarfed form grows on the bases of coconuts. Madagascar to Polynesia, northward to southern India and Luzon. 4. Schizaea digitata (L.) Sw. (Plate XIII, B.) Stipes densely clustered brownish 2-5 cm high according to depth of rhizome, merging into the green frond which is up to 40 cm high and 4 mm broad, unbranclied, coriaceous, the costa very salient beneath; fertile segment apical, so short that the spikes appear whorled; spikes 2.5 to 4 cm long, 1 mm broad, brown. Malaya to Fiji, the Bonin Islands and the Himalayas: Madagascar ( ?). 7. GLEICHENIACE2E. Terrestrial ferns ; last divisions of the axes of the fronds bearing pin- nately arranged leaflets or segments; venation free; sori on the backs of ordinary fronds, made of a few sporangia visible to the naked eye, indusia wanting; annulus transverse, not much above the middle; dehis- cence by a longitudinal slit. Two genera: Stromatopteris, with a single New Caledonian species; and Gleiclienia. 22 COPELAND. GLEICHENIA Smith. Rhizome creeping; frond erect or subseandent, with a terminal bird, and one or few pairs of pinnae below it, the succeeding few divisions usually dichotomous. Nearly 80 recognized species, chiefly tropical. Subgenus I. Eugleichenia. Segments very small and round. Largest scales hardly 1 mm long, very lacerate 1 . G. circinnata Pubescence including pale* 1.5 to 2 mm long 2. G. vulcanica Subgenus II. Dicranopteris. Segments larger, oblong to linear. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate above the upmost fork. No special lealiets borne at the forks. Segments crenate - — 3. G. amboinensis Segments serrulate near apex only 4. G. liirta Segments entire. Segments distinct and separate 5. G. hispida Segments contingent or confluent. Segments coriaceous. Segments not horizontal. Segments obtuse (3. G. vestita Segments acute 7. G. loheri Segments horizontal 8. G. laevigata Segments not coriaceous. Segments descending along several internodes. Segments horizontal 8. G. laevigata Segments not horizontal 9. G. oceanica Segments on only 1 or 2 internodes 10. G. hallieri Each fork bearing a pair of special leaflets. Segments rigidly coriaceous, Initiate - 11. G. crassifolia Segments not rigid, usually plane 12. G. linearis Fronds bipinnatifid above any fork. Segments not at nearly a right angle 13. G. laevissima Segments standing at almost right angles. Segments clothed beneath with dense pubescence 14. G. bullata Segments not densely pubescent. Pinnules stalked, lower segments reduced 15. G. norrisii Lower segments not reduced... 16. G. japonica 1. Gleichenia circinnata Swtz. Rhizome stout, creeping, woody; well-developed fronds more than 50 cm high, once or twice forked at the top with 1 to 3 pairs of pinnae below the lower fork, the pinnae once or twice forked, and the lowest sometimes with a pair of lateral pinnae ; axes brown, clothed with minute, rather deciduous, dark brown, deeply lacerate scales; pinnules linear, some- times 55 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide except at the base, borne on all axes except the main raehis, cut to almost the costa into roundish, strongly bullate, entire coriaceous lobes or segments, the lowest pair of which are usually much enlarged, costa naked above, lacerate-squamulose be- neath ; sori of 2 to 4 sporangia. Malacca, Borneo, and Palawan to New Zealand; on mountain tops. The var. borneensis Baker of Mount Kinabalu is described as having more » naked axes, longer pinnae, and more bullate segments. FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 23 2. Gleichenia vulcanica Bl. Like the preceding, but more alpine in habit, more densely pubescent, the larger scales 1.5 to 2 mm long, eiliate rather than deeply lacerate, and usually reddish- or greyish-brown. Stunted specimens are not at all forked, bearing the “pinnules” directly on the unbranched main axis of the frond. Java, Celebes, Philippines. 3. Gleichenia amboinensis v.A.v.R. Bull. Dep. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 18 (1908) 3. Fronds 50 to 100 cm high, dichotomous at the apex, otherwise pinnate; rachis clothed with deciduous, tomentose or furfuraceous pubescence; pinnae 2 or 3 pairs, erecto-patent, the upper ones dichotomous, the lowest pinnate, dichotomous at the apex ; pinnules dichotomous, all their branches foliaceous, deeply pinnatifid; segments linear-oblong, obtuse, crenate, subcoriacous, usually glacous beneath, 1 to 2 cm long, about 2 mm wide, the lowest ones usually reduced and suborbieular ; the ultimate branches acuminate, with coarsely toothed apex; costa? with a deciduous pubescence. Amboyna, Burn. 4. Gleichenia hirta Bl. (6r. dolosa C'opel.) Frond, including stipe, often 1.5 m or more high ; stipe very stout, brown-scaly at the base, younger axes bearing a pale scurf and eiliate, lanceolate, brownish scales 1.5 mm long; rachis forked at the top but with a terminal bud of apparently indeterminate growth, and below this usually 2 to 4 pairs of pinna?, which are 3 or 4 times forked and foliaceous above the second fork from the bottom ; ultimate branches up to 25 cm long; segments up to 13 mm long and 2.5 wide, not quite horizontal, just in contact at the base, serrulate at the apex and rather obtuse, herbaceous, glabrous above but not beneath, usually very glaucous beneath ; sori of 3 or 4 sporangia. A beautiful plant. Philippines, Moluccas: Java? 5. Gleichenia hispida Mett. Fronds 50 to 100 cm high, stipe very stout and brittle, younger axes densely ferruginous-felty, and the growing tips buried in felt, the palea? sparsely long-ciliate; rachis forked at apex, and below this bearing 1 to 3 pairs of pinna? which are usually 3 times forked and foliaceous through- out; segments not quite horizontal, mostly straight, up to 22 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide, acute, moderately revolute, distinct and separated by their own width, coriaceous, glabrous above; sori mostly of 4 sporangia. O. koordersi Christ seems to be a rather depauperate form of this species. Java, Celebes, Ternate and Luzon, on mountain tops. 0. Gleichenia vestita Bl. Fronds 50 to 100 cm high, the axes clothed with brown scales 3 to 5 mm long, 1 mm wide ; rachis light brown, forked at the apex, and below this bearing one or more pairs of pinnae which are 1 to 3 times forked 24 COPELAND. and everywhere foliaceous, the final branches up to 25 cm long; segments 10 to Id mm long, 3 mm wide, confluent, obtuse, falcate or not horizontal, revolute when dried, coriaceous, glabrous unless at the base of the costa beneath, more or less glaucous beneath : sporangia 3 or 4 in a sorus. Malaya, on high mountains. 7. Gleichenia loheri Christ. Creeping stem and bases of stipes clothed with dark-brown, lanceolate, entire palese 5 mm long, stipes about 30 cm high; raeliis bearing paired pinnae, and the lowest of these, in well-developed specimens, also with 1 or 2 pairs below the final fork, the axes everywhere foliaceous or bearing- segments only down to the lowest fork, clothed with tawny, lanceolate, subulate, lacerate-ciliate spreading scales; branches finally twice forked at an acute angle, the ultimate branches up to 20 cm long; segments not horizontal, barely confluent, deltoid-lanceolate, acute, 2.5 to 3 mm wide at the base, 12 mm long, revolute in drying, coriaceous, dark-brownish- green above, paler beneath but not glaucous, glabrous except on the cos- tules beneath. Luzon, Mount Banajao. 8. Gleichenia laevigata (Willd) Hook. Rhizome naked, woody; frond up to 150 cm or more high, stipe and rachis brown, slender, naked, smooth, marked above by two sharp lines, forked at the top, and below this bearing 0 to 5 pairs of pinna?, in whose axils and at the apex some small, congested, green bracts are sometimes found; pinna? 2 to 5 times forked, everywhere foliaceous, widely divar- icate, ultimate branches up to 20 cm long, axes glabrous or bearing very minute, spreading scales; segments at right angles, connected by a narrow wing, up to 4 cm long, 2 mm wide, straight, entire, obtuse, herbaceous or fairly coriaceous, more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous unless on the costa beneath ; sori of 3 or 4 sporangia, sometimes subtended by lacerate squamules. Malaya, widespread at mean altitudes. 9. Gleichenia oceanica Kuhn. Frond up to 2 m high ; pinna? in small plants a single pair at the top, but in large specimens several pairs lower down, several times dicho- tomous at an acute angle, ultimate branches 10 cm or more long, deeply pinnatifid, rachises densely clothed with lanceolate, ferruginous, fimbriate scales; segments on all (or all but the lowest) axes of the pinnae, standing at an acute angle, close, short, 2 mm wide, acute, abruptly reduced toward the apex of the branch, membranaceous, glaucous beneath; sori medial. I have followed Christ in framing this diagnosis, as the species is known in Malaya only by the Celebes plant determined by him. Kuhn says explicitly that the segments stand at a right angle, and are obtuse, and up to 24 mm long. Celebes, Polynesia. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 25 10. Gleichenia hallieri Christ. Kachis stout, chestnut, bearing a few brown subulate hairs, subnitent, bearing paired lateral pinnae below the apex ; pinnae about 3 times forked, the lower “internodes” about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, acuminate ; segments only above the second fork from the apex, and deciduous except on the ultimate branches, crowded but not imbricate, 1 cm long, 2 mm wide, entire, rather obtuse, thin-herbaceous, not glaucous beneath, very slightly hairy; sori fugacious. Borneo. 11. Gleichenia crassifolia (Presl) Copel. Frond very small or up to 40 cm high and broad, very hard and rigid throughout, glabrous except the youngest part but the base of the stipe rough; axis once forked and the branches pinnatifid into segments, or forked and each brandh once or twice forked, or, in the best-developed specimens, forked at the apex and with a pair of twice-forked pi nine lower down; a simple or pinnatifid foliaceous bract is borne stipule-like at each forking of naked axes ; ultimate branches linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire toward the apex; segments oblong, obtuse, bullate; sori of 4 to 9 sporangia. Luzon, Mindanao, on the highest mountains. 12. Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) Clarke. Fronds with stipule-like leaflets at the forks, beside these only the ultimate branches foliaceous, the segments linear or linear-oblong. One of the most variable of ferns, as here construed. It is usually glabrous, and glaucous beneath; and subcoriaceous, but varies to herbaceous and to decidedly hard; mature, fertile fronds vary from 40 cm to 6 m in height ; they may be once forked, or several times forked or forked at the top with paired lateral leaflets lower down, and these leaflets may also bear paired leaflets below the fork; sporangia up to 14 in each sorus. An exceedingly variable species, construed here as including G. Warburgii Christ. Japan and Korea to New Zealand, and throughout the tropics. 13. Gleichenia laevissima Christ. (Plate XIV.) Stipe stout, up to 60 cm high, 6 mm in diameter, scaly and verrucose at the base, otherwise smooth, forking once, terminal bud of stramineous, scarious scales; branches (pinnae) ascending, 40 to 60 cm long, bipin- natifid, their axes all naked, stramineous or brown; pinnules alternate, borne at acute angles, short-stalked, up to 17 cm or more long, acuminate ; segments linear, borne at acute angles, up to 18 mm long, 1.5 to 2 mm wide, subacute, entire, bullate, glabrous, not glaucous, coriaceous; sori of 3 to 5 sporangia, almost covering the surface. China, Luzon. 26 COPELAND. 14. Gleichenia bullata Moore (G. arachnmdes Mett.) Like G. japonica, but the segments rigidly coriaceous, bullate, clothed beneath with dense, cobwebby, ferruginous pubescence; and the costa?, at least near the base, bearing lanceolate, apiculate, dark-chestnut scales, 2 mm long, with whitish ciliate margins. Java, oil summits of liigli mountains. 15. Gleichenia norrisii Mett. Pinna? a single pair at the top of the stipe, 60-90 cm long ; pinnules lanceolate, the lower distinctly stalked, 15-23 cm long, cut to a narrow wing into close, entire, ligulate, obtuse segments, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green or glaucous beneath ; sori medial, 12 to 20 to a segment. Malacca. 16. Gleichenia japonica Spv. (G. longissima Bl. G. glauca (Thunb.) Hook., non Swartz ) . Stipe stout, in large plants 1 to 2 cm high, usually forked only at the top, but not rarely bearing pairs of pinnae lower down, terminal bud of foliaceous bracts; pinna? more or less horizontal, 1 to 2 m long, almost bipinnate, rachises winged by narrow ridges, glabrous or more or less beset with tawny, entire or somewhat ciliate scales beneath and on the sides, sometimes white-cobwebby on top ; pinnules up to 20 cm or more long, standing mostly at right angles to the rachis, acuminate, sessile or nearly so, linear-lanceolate, cut almost to the chaffy or glabreseent costa? : segments standing at almost a right angle, close, broadly linear, obtuse, entire, herbaceous to coriaceous, dark-green and glabrous above, almost glabrous or with scaly costules beneath, and paler, and usually glaucous. The typical Japanese plant is of moderate size, the pinnules not quite at right angles to the rachis, comparatively thin in texture, and conspicuously glaucous. G. gigantea Wall, is a large form, the bases of whose segments form raised lines along the costae. G. excelsa J. Sm. is the very large coriaceous form common in the Philippines, the lowest segments often lacerate on the side toward the rachis. Japan to India and Polynesia and Australia. 8. PARKERIACEiE. Rhizome in mud: fronds clustered, usually tripinnatifid, dimorphous; veins reticulate without free included veinlets; sporangia scattered, not in sori, opening by a transverse slit, annulus of very numerous cells or rudi- mentary. A single genus. CERATOPTERIS Brongniart. Characters those of the family. A single species. FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 27 Ceratopteris thal ictroides (L. ) Brongn. (Plate XV.) Stipes 5 to 30 cm high, flesh}1; frond deltoid-ovate; rachises flattened and winged; pinnules few and their segments very few; sterile segments oblong or lanceolate, usually obtuse, entire; fleshy or membranaceous; fertile segments narrowly linear, acute, often deficient in chlorophyll, the margin folded over the sporangia. This fern is common in wet meadows and along ditches. The fronds normally stand above the water, but the sterile are not rarely immersed. Pantropic, and north to Japan. 9. MATON IACE2E. Rhizome creeping hairy; fronds dichotomous but with unequal develop- ment of the branches; sori dorsal, of few (up to 1-1) sporangia borne on or at the base of a raised receptacle, which also bears the umbrella-shaped peltate inclusium; sporangia opening almost transversely; annulus only oblique enough to be complete. Two genera and only three known species. Perhaps the remnant of a primitive group ancestral to Poly- podiaceae and Cyatheaceae. Frond erect, pedate or' fan-shaped 1. Matonia Frond pendent, sympodial, elongate 2. Phanerosorus 1. MATONIA B. Brown. Fronds erect stout, rachis forked at the apex, each branch giving olf pinnatificl pinnae on the upper (inner) side; veins free except that the sori are borne where a number of veinlets converge; indusium curved back under the sporangia almost to the receptacle. Segments oblique, acute 1. M. pectinata Segments at a right angle, obtuse - 2. .1/. Foxworthyi 1. Matonia pectinata R. Br. Stipe rigid, about 2 m high when well developed; longer pinnae 20 (to 60?) cm long, linear, hard-coriaceous, brownish above, more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous; segments borne at an acute angle, falcate, narrowed from the base, acute; sori borne at the bases of the segments; sporangia about 7. Malacca, Mount Ophir; Amboyna? 2. Matonia foxworthyi Copel. Philip. -Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 343. (Plate XVI.) Like the preceding species, but the segments horizontal, straight, ob- tuse, truncate, or refuse, linear, up to 35 mm long, often bearing more than one sorus on a side. Borneo, Sarawak, Mount Poe, alt. 1,700 ni. 28 COPELAND. 2. PHANEROSORUS Copeland. Fronds, pendent with slender stipe and rachis, sympodially branched as in Lygodium, each dwarf branch bearing a pair of one to three times dichotomous pinnae ; veins free or forming costal areolae ; sori usually just outside these areolae; indusium but slightly curved under the sporan- gia; sporangia 10 to 14. Only one species known. Phanerosorus sarmentosus (Baker) Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 344. (Plate XVII.) Fronds up to 1 m. long; ultimate divisions up to 14 cm long. 3 to 4 nun wide, more or less sinuate, obtuse, coriaceous, ash-green; sori some- times copious, 2 mm in diameter. Borneo, Sarawak, around limestone caves at Niah and Bidi. 10. CYATHEACEiE. Caudex erect and almost always arborescent; fronds usually twice or more pinnate; sori dorsal or marginal, globose, with more or less prom- inent receptacle; sporangia opening by a transverse slit, the annulus (except exceptionally in Balantium) oblique enough to be a complete ring. A family including one or two small genera besides those in this region. Through Balantium , at least a part of the genera included here are closely related to the Polypodiaceae. Sori dorsal 1. Cyathea Sori marginal. Fertile tooth slightly modified. Llltimate divisions oblique 2. Balantium LTltimate divisions not oblique 3. Dicksonia Fertile tooth greatly modified 4. Cibotium 1. CYATHEA Smith. Tree ferns (with rare exceptions), often very large; sori on the backs or in the forks of the fertile veinlets. These ferns are usually separated artificially into three genera. Cyathea, Hemitelia or Amphicosmia, and Alsophila. As construed here, Cyathea includes about 400 species, chiefly tropical. 1. Frond simple 1. C.sinuata 1. Pinnae not lobed, not cordate 2. G.moluccana 1. Pinnae lobed or almost entire, cordate 3. C.hookeri 1. Pinnules not lobed. 2. Pinnules less than 2 cm long 4. C. dulitensis 2. Pinnules more than 3 cm long. 3. Rachises glabrous 5. G. alternans 3. Rachises finely hairy above. 4. Sori not costular 6. G. podophylla 4. Sori costular, crowded 7. G. rheosora FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 29 1. Pinnules at least lobed, dimorphous. 2. Veinlets simple - 8. G. dimorpha 2. Veinlets forked. 3. Fertile pinnules 11 deeply crenate 9. G. fructuosa 3. Fertile pinnules 11 not deeply crenate 10. G. mindanaensis 1. Pinnules at least lobed, not dimorphous, lobes not twice as long as broad. 2. Indusium evident and persistent. 3. Kachises clothed with copious hairy chafL 11. G . Philippine nsis 3. Kachises glabrous or bearing minute scales. 4. Racliis unarmed 12. G. polypoda 4. Racliis bearing spines or prickles. 5. Squamulae lacerate 13. G. integra 5. Squamulae Initiate, not evidently lacerate 14. G. suluensis 2. Indusium inconspicuous or wanting. 3. Axes black or purple. 4. Sori medial. 5. Racliis of pinna glabrous 15. G. formosana 5. Racliis of pinna pubescent above 16. G. glabra (A.dubia) 4. Sori costular. 5. Pinnules pinnate ... 17. G. atropurpurea 5. Pinnules only lobed. 6. Frond thin or subcoriaeeous, green. 7. Sori costular 18. G.ramispina 7. Sori medial 19. G.ridleyi 6. Frond hard-coriaceous, brown when dry 20. G. recommutata 3. Axes brown or stramineous. 4. Segments separated by a rounded sinus. 5. Wing narrow, veinlets simple 21. C. sang ire nsis 5. Wing broad, veinlets mostly forked 22. G. obscura 4. Segments crowded or close together. 5. Frond hardly 50 cm long 23. G. hancockii 5. Frond 1 m or more in length. 6. Sori medial, 1 mm in diameter. 7. Lamina glabrous 24. G. squamulata 7. Lamina bearing white hairs beneath 25. G. margarethae 6. Sori costular, 0.25 mm in diameter 26. C. boninsimensis 1. Pinnules at least lobed, not dimorphous, lobes narrow. 2. Racliis black or purplish-black. 3. Indusium wanting, axes shining. 4. Pinnules cut three-fourths to costa .' 27. G. henryi 4. Pinnules cut to costa... 28. G. melanoracliis 4. Pinnules I[ stalked 29. G. truncata 3. Indusium evident, frond tripinnatifid 30. G. aneitensis 3. Indusium evident, frond tripinnate, axes dull. 4. Racliis unarmed 46. G. schizochlamys 4. Racliis muricate. 5. Pinnules lr 6 mm long, sori medial 31. G. arachnoidea 5. Pinnules 11 12 mm long, sori costular 32. 0. tripinnata 2. Racliis not nearly black. 3. Racliis of frond or pinna bearing pubescence of two or more kinds mixed. 4. Racliis nodulose, pustulose or verrucose. 5. Pubescence all white or grey. 30 COPELAND. 0. Indusium wanting. 7. Long hairs on secondary racliis copious 33. C. tomentosa 7. Long hairs on secondary rachis very sparse. 8. Long pale* without dark marginal set*— 34. C.lepifera 8. Long pale* bearing dark marginal set*.... 35. C. crinita G. Indusium evident 36. G. strigosa 5. Pubescence partly or wholly reddish. G. Larger scales sparse. 7. Indusium symmetrical. 8. Prominent “aeropliores” on rachis at bases of pinna. 37. G. zollingeriana 8. Without prominent aeropliores 38. C. rufo-pannosa 7. Indusium false or one-sided. 8. .Pinnules 11 entire 39. G. heterochlamyclea 8. Pinnules 11 crenate or lobed 40. G.mitrata G. Larger scales copious. 7. Indusium evident 41. G. loheri 7. Indusium wanting or inconspicuous 42. C. fuliginosa 3. Rachis unarmed or merely bristly. 4. Indusium present. 5. Pubescence of two kinds of scales 43. C.inquivans 5. Pubescence of hairs and scales. 6. Segments crenate into bullate lobes 44. G.oinops 6. Segments entire or crenulate at apex. 7. Frond tripinnatifid 45. C. javanica 7. Frond tripinnate. 8. Rachis densely pubescent, scales large 46. G. schizochlamys 8. Rachis sparsely pubescent, scales small 47. G. sumafrana 4. Indusium rudimentary, rachis above hirsute, without pale®. 48. G. raciborskii 4. Indusium wanting, pale* on rachis above -49. C.lurida 2. Racbises of frond or pinn® pubescent, but not with two kinds of pubescence mixed. 3. Pinn® 8-15 cm long. 4. Indusium none, sori medial. 5. Frond about 1 m long 50. C. batjanensis 5. Frond about 45 cm long 23. C. hancockii 4. Indusium persistent, sori costular 51. C.havilandii 3. Pinn® much longer. 4. Cost* scaly beneath or glabrous. 5. Segments glandular-ciliate - 52. G. stibglandulosa 5. Segments not glandular-ciliate. 6. Pinnules nowhere cut to the costa. 7. Sori costular. 8. Indusium breaking irregularly. 9. Sides of segments crenate 53. G. crenulata 9. Segments serrulate throughout. 10. Pinn* and pinnules sessile 54. C.foxworthyi 10. Pinn® and pinnules stalked G3. C. ferruginea 9. Segments nearly or quite entire. 10. Scales on cost® dark. 11. Long hairs beneath cost* none 55. C.lanaensis FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 31 II. Sparse long hairs on costas beneath 56. G.korthalsii 10. Scales on cost* light - 57. C. hymenodes 8. Indnsium opening to form a cup with entire rim. 58. G. orient a Us 8. Indnsium forming a low cup from the start... 59. G. walkerae 8. Indnsium wanting. 9. Rachis unarmed 60. C. modesta 9. Rachis asperulous. 10. Lamina glabrous 61. G. melanopus 10. Lamina ciliate beneath 62. G. Wallace i 7. Sori medial. 8. Segments not coarsely toothed 63. C. ferruginea 8. Segments coarsely toothed 64. C. assimilis 6. Lowest segments free but adnate. 7. Pale* on cost* fairly copious. 8. Costal pale* pale, Imllate 65. G. negrosiana 8. Costal pale* fulvous or rufous. 9. Pinnules 5-7 cm long 66. C. christii 9. Pinnules 8-12 cm long 67. G. ahlcrwereltii 7. Pale* on cost* very sparse or none. 8. Indusium a low cup 59. G. walkerae 8. Indusium evident and at first complete. 9. Segments crowded 68. G. callosa 9. Segments not at all crowded 69. G. halconensis 6. Lowest segments free and contracted at base. 7. Lamina lacerate- scaly beneath '.... 70. C. celebica 7. Lamina minutely paleaceous or glabreseent; indusium evanescent. 71. C. teysamnnii 7. Lamina glabrous; indusium persistent 40. G. mitrata 7. Lamina glabrous or sparsely hairy; indusium wanting or incon- spicuous. 8. Lowest pinnules deflexed 72. G.pusiulosa 8. Pinn* short-stalked, pinnules not deflexed. 9. Costa without setiferous scales. 10. Secondary rachises visibly spiny. 11. Base of stipe without whitish pale*. 12. Cost* scaly beneath 73. C. latebrosa 12. Cost* glabrous beneath. 74. C.curranii 11. Base of stipe with broad white and narrow brown pale*. 75. C. calocoma 10. Secondary rachises not visibly rough... 76. C. caudata 9. Costa with setiferous as well as bullate scales.... 77. G. elmeri 4. Costa hairy beneath. 5. Indusium persistent and glandular 78. C. adenochlamys 5. Indusium thin, not glandular. 6. Pinnules cut to the costa 79. G. leucotricha , 6. Pinnules cut to a narrow wing 80. G. burbidgei 5. Indusium evanescent or none. 7. Secondary rachises very scaly.... 81. G. albosetacea 7. Secondary rachises not very scaly. 8. Lamina glabrous, sori costular 82. C. chinensis 8. Lamina hairy, sori medial 83. C. trichodesma 32 COPELAND. 2. Raehis glabrous beneath. 3. Costae strigose beneath. 4. Segments 2 to 3 mm apart 84. C. cyclodonta 4. Segments close 85. G. andersoni 3. Costae very scaly beneath .. 86. G. Icingii 3. Costae glabrous beneath or slightly scaly. 4. Indusium at first evident and complete. 5. Costae subscaly beneath, sori costular. 6. Segments entire, lamina somewhat glaucous beneath. 87. G. brunoniana 6. Segments serrate. 7. Racliis spiny. 8. Indusium promptly evanescent 88. G. decipiens 8. Indusium more persistent 89. G.spmulosa 7. Racliises not spiny 90. G.mearnsii 5. Costae glabrous beneath, sori niedial. 6. Dried fronds dark-green above. 7. Pinnules pinnate 91. G.saccata 7. Pinnules pinnatifid 92. G. runensis 6. Dried fronds whitish above 93. G. leucophaes 4. Indusium a ring around base of sorus 94. G. junghuhniana 4. Indusium wanting. 5. Costae glabrous above 95. C . mertensiana 5. Costae more or less hairy above. 6. Racliises unarmed 96. C. ornata 6. Racliises pustulose or spiny. 7. Pinnules not more than 9 cm long. 8. Dried frond brown above 97. G. dementis 8. Dried frond dark-green above. 9. Costae glabrous beneath 98. G. fauriei 9. Costae sparsely scaly beneath 99. G. confucii 7. Pinnules 10 cm or more long. 8. Paleae at base of stipe white 100. G. contaminans 8. Paleae at base of stipe brown 101. G.fenicis 1. Cyathea sinuata Hook. & Grev. Caudex 1 m high ; fronds undivided, 60 to 90 cm long, 3 to 6 cm broad, sinuate, short-stipitate. Ceylon, known in a single forest. 2. Cyathea moluccana R. Br. (G. Brunonis Wall., Hook.). Trunk short; stipe 30 to 60 cm or more long; fronds 60 cm long, or sometimes much larger; pinnae entire or nearly so, 15 to 35 cm long, caudate-acuminate, oblique at base and short-stalked. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, at low altitudes; unknown in the Philippines. 3. Cyathea hookeri Thwaites. Small but arborescent, trunk 3 to 4 cm thick; stipe short, black, muricate at base and subpaleaceous ; frond 60 to 90 cm long, 10 to 13 cm broad, pinnate; pinnte with broad base auricled on both sides, nar- FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 33 rowly lanceolate, acuminate, subsessile, coarsely dentate-pinnatifid, more or less entire toward the apex; veinlets pinnate; sori dorsal on the veins or in the lower axils; indnsium breaking into irregular lobes. Ceylon, with G. sinuata. 4. Cyathea dulitensis Baker. Trunk short, 30 cm high; stipe 45 cm long, brown, clothed at the base with large linear-subulate, membranaceous, brown scales, naked upward ; frond 30 cm long, 12 to 15 cm broad, thick-coriaceous, green and glabrous on both sides, bipinnate ; pinnte 24 mm wide, lowest reduced and deflexed, the lower ones stalked ; pinnules 4 mm wide ; linear-oblong, subentire, margin deflexed, the lowest free but adnate ; veinlets forked, immersed ; sori medial, indusia campanulate, glabrous, persistent, breaking irregularly. Borneo (Sarawak, Mount Dulit, alt. 1,200 m.) 5. Cyathea alternans (Wall.) Presl. Trunk 3 to 4 m high; frond bipinnate at base; pinnae up to 45 cm long, 15 cm broad, sometimes much smaller, stalked; pinnules entire or serrate, acuminate ; rachis smooth and glabrous, tawny-brown ; veinlets once or twice forked; sori more or less biseriate; indusium thin and fragile. Penang, Borneo. 6. Cyathea podophylla (Hooker) Copel. ( Alsophila podophylla Hooker in Journ. Bot. 9 (1857) 334). Frond typically simply pinnate, but sometimes bipinnate with almost entire lobes, or even tripinnate; rachises hairy above, dark purplish; sori minute, globose, in one to several rows parallel to the costa, those nearest the costa medial on their veinlets, but those nearest the apex almost cos- tular ; indusium none. This is a variable fern, and not always distinct from C. glabra. Hongkong, Chusan, ( ?) Liu Kiu. Alsophila dubia Beddome in Journ. Bot. 26 (1888) 1, is intermediate between C. glabra and C. podophylla, but said to be nearer the latter. It is described as follows : Bachises purple-brown, slightly furfuraceous above, glabrous beneath; frond subcoriaceo-membranaceous ; pinnae 40 to 50 cm long, pinnate, apex pinnatifid; pinnules 10 cm long, 15 mm broad, on petioles 2 to 3 mm long, very acuminate, more or less truncate at base, pinnatifid only about one-sixth of the way to the costa, lobes rather truncate; cost* scaly beneath or at length glabrous, furfuraceous above; veinlets simple; sori large, usually on the lowest 1 or 2 veinlets, some- times on 3 or 4 veinlets, then costular and not forming an inverted V as in C. glabra, Perak, alt. 1,200 m, Borneo, Java. 80915 3 34 COPELAND. 7. Cyathea rheosora (Baker) Copel. (Alsophila rheosora Baker in Journ. Bot. 28 (1890) 262). Trunk 1 m high; frond ample, deltoid, bipinnate, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces; rachises brown, without scales or prickles; pinnas oblong-lanceolate 45 to 60 by 17 to 20 cm; pinnules lanceolate, deeply crenate, 15 to 18 mm broad, truncate at base, the lower distinctly stalked; main veins 3 mm apart; veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple; sori costular, crowded, exindusiate. Related to C. glabra and C. podophylla. Tonkin. 8. Cyathea dimorpha (Christ) Copel. (Alsophila dimorpha Christ in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buiten. II 4 (1904) 41). Trunk 4 m high; Stipe and rachis chestnut, unarmed but rough, clothed with obscure furfuraceous scales; pinnae dimorphous, the fertile occupying the middle of the frond; sterile pinnules shallowly lobed with crenulate lobes, fertile pinnules deeply pinnatifid; veinlets simple, about 3 on a side; sori large, exindusiate. Celebes. 9. Cyathea fructuosa Copel. in Elmer’s Leaflets, 2 (1908) 419. Trunk 3 to 5 m high, 10 cm thick; frond almost sessile, 2 m long, 60 to 90 cm broad, tripinnate; rachis setose-paleaceous above, furfuraceous beneath, rough, rachises of pinnae clothed beneath with minute fur- furaceous squa mules and large rufo-stramineous scales 5 mm long; costae clothed beneath with smaller paleae of the same color; secondary pin- nules distinct and separate, 12 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm broad, dimorphous, the sterile entire or nearly so, the fertile deeply crenate; sori round, crowded; indusium rust-color. Negros Island, on Horn of Negros Mountain. 10. Cyathea mindanaensis (Christ) Copel. (Alsophila mindanaensis Christ in Monsunia 1 (1900) 90). Frond hard-coriaceous ; pinnae 40 cm long, ovate, dimorphous ; sterile parts apparently tripinnatifid, the fertile tripinnate; rachis clothed with long, wooly, rufous fibrils, not spiny; veinlets forked; sori minute, cos- tular, exindusiate. Mindanao, district of Davao. 11. Cyathea philippinensis Baker. Trunk short, slender; frond 1 m long, 30 cm broad; stipe short, very scaly; rachises all densely paleaceous with gray and brown scales, unarmed; larger medial pinnae bipinnate at the base; pinnules sessile, acute, costae sparsely hairy above, scaly beneath; segments 4 mm long, 3 mm broad, entire or crenulate, obtuse, lamina glabrous, coriaceous ; FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 35 veinlets about 3 on a side, simple or forked; sori medial, indusium per- sistent in large fragments. Described from a Philippine plant in cultivation at Ivew, and since collected on Mount Banajao, Luzon. 12. Cyathea polypoda Baker. Frond ample, green on both sides, glabrous except for copious whitish, convex, ovate scales, especially on the veinlets beneath; rachis glabrous, unarmed; pinnae oblong or lanceolate, 45 cm long, 10 to 12 cm wide; pinnules lanceolate, mostly petiolate, lowest 6 cm long, 12 mm broad, cut almost to the costa; segments oblong, obtuse, entire, 3 to 4 mm broad; veinlets 7 or 8 on a side, forked ; sori medial, indusium cup-shaped, small, glabrous. Near C. Integra. Borneo (Mount Kinabalu, alt. 2,100 m). 13. Cyathea integra J. Sm. Trunk 2.5 to 7 m high; fronds 2 m long; racliises brown, beset with sharp spines and sparsely scurfy with minute scales, a few of which are also on the under side of the costae and costules, costa hairy above; pin- nae 45 cm long, the lower ones somewhat reduced; pinnules 13 cnr long or less, 24 mm wide, the lower ones reduced, stalked, cut two-third of the way to the costa into broad, subfalcate, subacute or obtuse, usually entire, thinly coriaceous segments; sori medial, indusium brown, very persistent. Luzon to Mindanao, Amboyna. 14. Cyathea suluensis Baker. Like C. integra, but the rachises less spiny and more scaly, the scales larger and more entire, and more or less bullate, and the frond greener. Jolo and Mindanao, alt. about 600 m. 15. Cyathea formosana (Baker) Copel. (Alsophila formosana Baker in Ann. Bot. 5 (1891) 190). “Frond ample, tripinnatifid, moderately firm, glabrous, green on both surfaces, rachis of pinnae naked, castaneous. Pin mu oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 45 cm long, 12 to 15 cm broad. Pinnules sessile, lanceolate, nearly 24 mm broad, cut down to a broad wing into oblong lobes 4 mm broad: Veins 6- to 8-jugate. Sori medial.” A very variable plant, which is probably not distinct from C. glabra. Formosa. 16. Cyathea glabra (Blume) Copel. ( Gymnosphaera glabra Blume, Enumer- ate (1828) 242). Trunk 1 to 2 m high, slender; stipe rough, scaly at the base, upward, like the rachises, glabrescent, shining, dark purple; pinnae usually 45 to 60 cm long, stalked; pinnules 5 to 9 cm long, 8 to 15 mm broad, mostly stalked and truncate at the base, acuminate, cut one-fourth to one-half of the way to the rachis, rarely deeper, the lobes triangular, rounded or 36 COPELAND. ovate, serrate; veinlets simple; sori medial or above tlie middle of the lowest veinlets, but the upper ones close to the costa, indusium wanting. Nearly related to this species are C. formosana, A. dubia, C. atropurpurea , C. ramispina, C. podopliylla , C. recommutada, and C. Hancockii. The Celebes plant is larger than that found elsewhere in Malaya, but even it is smaller than most tree ferns; a confusion of species is probably respon- sible for the report of trunks 18 m high in India. Malaya, India, China, Formosa. 17. Cyathea atropurpurea Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 354. (Plate XVIII.) Trunk 2 m high, 4 cm in diameter; frond 150 cm long, 60 cm wide; stipe and rachis purple, unarmed, the base of the stipe clothed with long, rigid, appressed pale* with pale margins, and bearing some very reduced pinnae almost without lamina, but not spine-like; rachises bearing purple hairs above and very sparse squamul* beneath ; pinnules 7 cm long, cau- date, at the base cut to the rachis and the secondary pinnules contracted at the base, margins serrate, cost* hairy above, beneath bearing bullate scales, as do also the costules, lamina smooth, purplish-green ; veinlets simple, about 5 on a side; sori costular, indusium wanting. Mount Halcon, Mindoro, alt. 750 to 1,050 m, common on ridges. 18. Cyathea ramispina (Hooker) Copel. (Alsoplula ramispina Hooker, Syn. Fil. (1866) 42). Frond dark-green above, paler beneath ; stipe subasperous, ebeneous, as are also the rachises and cost*, scaly at base and bearing 3 to 5 branched, black spines 4 cm long; pinnules 6 cm long, 12 mm wide, cut two-thirds to the costa, costa beneath bearing minute, brown, bullate scales; lobes oval-oblong, obtuse, serrate toward the apex ; veinlets mostly simple ; sori small, costular, exindusiate. Borneo (Sarawak, alt. 900 m). 19. Cyathea ridleyi (Baker) Copel. ( Alsophila ridleyi Baker in Ann. Bot. 8 (1894) 122). Fronds ample, deltoid, tripinnatifid, somewhat rigid, green and glab- rous on both sides; rachis naked, dark-chestnut, unarmed; pinn* 30 cm long, oblong-lanceolate; pinnules 3 to 5 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide, sessile, linear, subobtuse, base truncate, the lower ones cut halfway to the costa; segments oblong, entire; veinlets 4 to 6 on a side, evident, curved, simple or the lowest forked; sori medial, exindusiate. Related to C. recommutata and C. squamulata, Singapore. 20. Cyathea recommutata Copel. nomen novum (Alsophila commutata Mett. 1863, not C. commutata Spr.). Frond hard-coriaceous, brown when dry ; stipe scaly, rough at base, and, like the rachises, dark-purple, subulate-squamulose ; pinn* stalked, 40 cm long; pinnules about 8 cm long, broadest above the middle, stipi- FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 37 tate, pinnatifid less than halfway to the costa, serrate, the fertile, at least sometimes, reduced; veinlets about 5 on a side, simple; sori costular, exindusiate. Malacca; Batjan (fide Christ in Monsunia 90). 21. Cyathea sangirensis (Christ) Copel. (Alsophila sangirensis Christ in Monsunia 1 (1900) 90). Frond 70 cm long, broadly ovate-deltoid; stipe stramineous, unarmed, but like the rachis rough with black pustules and hair-like scales; pinnae 10 to 15 on a side, ovate, their rachises strigose-pilose ; pinnules 4 cm long, 1 cm wide, cut to a narrow wing; lobes ovate, obtuse, crenulate, separated by rounded sinuses; veinlets simple; sori 4 on each side, crowded, exindusiate. Sanguir. 22. Cyathea obscura (Scort.) Copel. ( Alsophila obscura Scort. ; Bedd. in Journ. Bot. 25 (1887) 321, pi. 278, f. 2). Caudex 2 m high; stipes 30-60 cm long, densely clothed toward the base with long lanceolate, sharply serrate scales; fronds 120 to 150 cm long, 60 cm broad, bipinnate; rachis scaly above, naked beneath; pinnae, middle ones 30 to 45 cm long, 8 to 15 cm Broad, smaller toward ends of frond, their rachises hairy above, naked beneath ; pinnules 4 to 7 cm long, 12 mm broad, truncate at base, apex obtuse, subcoriaceous, glabrous except for hairs on costa and bullate scales on costules beneath, cut halfway to the costa into broad, obtuse segments ; veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple or more often forked ; sori medial on the lower veinlets, mixed with hyaline, moniliform hairs. Perak. '--V1-; - 23. Cyathea hancockii Copel. (Alsophila denticulata Baker in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 102, not Cyathea, Goldm.). Trunk short; stipe 30 cm long, brown, the base clothed with light- brown lanceolate palete 1 cm long, the rachis brown, sparsely scaly, glabres- cent ; frond 45 cm long, moderately green on both surfaces, hairy on the ribs above, the lamina glabrous, but the costules beneath bearing minute, ovate, bullate scales, tripinnatifid but fertile in bipinnate and bipinnatifid forms as well; lower pinme largest, lanceolate-deltoid, 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5 cm broad, stalked; lower pinnules distinct, sessile, lanceolate, pin- natifid; segments oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm broad, inciso-crenate; veinlets simple or forked ; sori medial, superficial, brown, receptacle low, indusiurn none. Named for its first collector. Formosa, south China. 24. Cyathea squamulata (Blume) Copel. (Gymnosphaera squamulata Blume Enumeratio 243 ) . Trunk 2 m high, 8 cm thick; stipe 30 cm long, unarmed or slightly muricate, bearing broad palese 2.5 cm long, bright-brown with darker margins; rachises hirsute above, hairy or slightly scaly beneath; frond 38 COPELAND. 1 to 2 m long, half as wide, narrowed below, herbaceous; pinnae short- stalked, the middle ones up to 17 cm broad; pinnules short-stalked, close or imbricate, 13 to 16 mm wide, acuminate, cut to a broad wing, costa scaly at base with fuscous, lanceolate ciliate, deciduous scales; seg- ments 4 mm broad, obtuse or truncate, subfalcate, entire or erenulate, costules beneath bearing a few minute lacerate squamules; veinlets 6 or 7 on a side, forked or simple ; sori medial, exindusiate. Malaya (at least, in Java). 25. Cyathea margarethae (Schroter) Copel. ( Alsophila margarethae Schr. ex Christ in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. II 5 (1905) 136). Frond ample, bipinnate; pinnae 40 cm long, 15 cm wide; pinnules 7 cm long, lanceolate, cut two-thirds to the costa; segments almost im- bricate, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, truncate, entire, the under surface and margin bearing long white hairs and a few minute scales, herbaceous; rachis tawny-brown, unarmed, bearing short chestnut hairs, and pale subulate palese 1 cm long ; veinlets 5 to 8 on a side, the upper ones forked ; sori medial, brown, hardly 1 mm in diameter, mixed with hairs, exin- dusiate. Conspicuous among Malayan species for its hairyness. Borneo. 26. Cyathea boninsimensis (Christ) Copel. ( Alsophila boninsimensis Christ in Monsunia 1 (1900) 90; Hemitelia, Diels). Stipe fulvo-stramineous, glabrous, asperulous; rachis minutely rough, glabrous; pinnae 1 m long, 10 cm wide; pinnules 5 cm long, 15 mm wide, lanceolate, acuminate, cut so as to have exactly the appearance of Dryop- teris filix-mas parallelo gramma, costae pubescent above; veinlets 7 or 8 on a side, all forked, conspicuous; sori minute, 0.25 mm wide, costular, surrounded by scales but without evident indusium. Bonin Islands. 27. Cyathea henryi (Baker) Copel. (Alsophila henryi Baker in Kew Bull. (1898) 229). Trunk 2 to 6 m high; frond ample, tripinnatifid, fairly firm, green on both sides but paler beneath, glabrous; rachis purplish, scurfy with minute, irregular, stellate scales, unarmed; pinnae 60 to 75 cm long, 22 to 25 cm broad, their rachises chestnut, shining, hairy above ; larger pin- nules 13 cm long, 26 mm broad, cut to a broad wing; segments 10 mm long, 4 mm broad, obtuse, subfalcate, serrulate toward the apex with rounded teeth, sinuses narrow; veinlets about 9 on a side, some forked, but the fertile ones simple; sori nearer the margin than to the costule, marked by slight depressions on the upper surface, indusium none. Yunnan, alt. 1,200 m. 28. Cyathea melanorachis Copel. ( Alsophila melanorachis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 146). Trunk 2 to 3 m high, 5 cm thick, its apex and the bases of the stipes clothed with rigid, chestnut scales 1 cm long, with pale margins; stipe FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 39 60 cm long, like the rachises, black, somewhat rough, and sparsely clothed with tawny, crinite scales; frond 150 cm long, tripinnate; pinnae about 12 on a side, the longest ones 50 cm long, 13 cm broad, short-stalked; distinct pinnules about 30 on a side, not quite sessile, 7 cm long, 1 cm broad, acuminate, the lower part cut to the costa, costa velvety above, beneath densely covered with scales of two kinds ; secondary pinnules narrowly obovate, obtuse, adnate, crenate-serrate, thinly coriaceous, glab- rous except for ciliate, bullate scales on the costule beneath, almost black above, the nether surface dark-olive; lower veinlets usually forked, but the fertile ones simple ; sori costular, covering the surface of the somewhat contracted fertile pinnules, exindusiate. Mindoro (Mount Halcon), in mossy woods, alt. 1,800 m. 29. Cyathea truncata (Brack.) Copel. ( Alsophila truncata Brack, in Wilkes U. S. Expl. Exp. 16 (1854) 289). Rachises dark-purple, shining, sharply muricate, deciduously furfu- raceous-tomentose, as are also the costae, and the costules beneath; pin- nae 25 to 40 cm long, 10 to 12 cm broad, acuminate; pinnules 5 to 7 cm long, 6 to 12 mm broad, sessile, pinnate except at the apex; secondary pinnules very small, the lower ones stalked, linear-oblong, acute, the margin recurved, sinuate-lobate ; veinlets forked near the base ; sori cos- tular, small, dark-orange, exindusiate. Celebes to Samoa; Japan (?). 30. Cyathea aneitensis Hooker. Rachises unarmed, ebeneous, purple-black, smooth; pinnae 30 to 45 cm long, 10 to 12 cm broad, sessile or nearly so, shortly acuminate; pinnules cut almost to the costae, which are clothed with narrow, bul- late, pale scales; segments rather distant, oblong, acute, subserrate, cori- aceous-membranaceous ; veinlets forked ; sori copious, medial ; indusium thin, usually splitting first down one side. Aneitium, Ternate. 31. Cyathea arachnoidea Hooker. Frond tripinnate, firm-coriaceous, glabrous above, cobwebby beneath; axes dark, muricate with short, black, sharp spines, clothed with a rusty tomentum; pinnules 5 to 10 cm long, 12 mm broad, pinnate almost throughout ; secondary pinnules 6 mm long, linear, acute, subf alcate ; veinlets inconspicuous; sori medial, indusium thin, white, and delicate, breaking into irregular, laciniate segments. Ternate, Queensland ; Java ? 32. Cyathea tripinnata Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. (1906) 251. Trunk 2 to 3.5 m high, 10 cm thick, its apex and the bases of the stipes buried in whitish scales 3 to 5 cm long and 1 mm wide; stipe 60 cm long, like the rachis, dull-purplish-black, scurfy with fine tawny squamules, sparsely beset with sharp spines 1 mm long; frond 2 nr long. 40 COPELAND. 1.5 m broad, tripinnate ; middle pinnae the largest, 80 cm long; pinnules 12 can long, 20 to 25 mm broad, abruptly acuminate; secondary pinnules 12 mm long, 3 mm broad, sessile, cordate or the upper ones adnate, subacute, serrulate, herbaceous, glabrous except for straw-colored scales on the costae and sometimes on the veins; veinlets forked at the base; sori eostular, 1:5 mm wide; indusium almost white, very thin, breaking early into persistent, silky fragments. Luzon, Mindoro, Negros. 33. Cyathea tomentosa (Bl.) Zoll. & Moritz. Trunk 8 m high, 20 cm in diameter, densely clothed at the top with light-brown scales 2 to 5 cm long, as are also the bases of the stipes ; fronds up to 2.5 m long, 1.4 m broad, tripinnate; pi nine subsessile, up to 25 cm broad; rachis of pinna densely hairy above, beneath spinulose, densely clothed with minute lacerate squamules, and bearing copious linear, sparsely ciliate, rufous-fulvous scales almost 2 cm long; pinnules sessile, broadest (15 mm) at the base, gradually acuminate, costae hairy above, densely clothed beneath with very hairy tawny scales; secondary pinnules adnate, only the lowest ones free, subentire, obtuse, falcate, coriaceous, convex, glabrous above, costule scaly and hairy beneath and the veinlets sparsely hairy; veinlets 8 to 12 on a side, mostly forked; sori eostular, covered by scales, exindusiate. Java. 34. Cyathea lepifera (J. Sm.) Copel. ( AlsopMla lejnfera J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 419). This fern has been collected only by Cuming, and has been reduced to C. tomentosa, from which it is very distinct. It is much nearer to the next species, G. crinita, but has narrower pinnules, cut almost throughout to the costa, the costa less scaly, the secondary pinnules somewhat glau- cous beneath, and the long scales on the raehises with few pale marginal setae. Luzon ( Camarines Sur ) . 35. Cyathea crinita (Hook.) Copel. ( Alsophila crinita Hooker, leones (1844) pi. 671). A tall tree; stipe and flexuose main rachis stramineous, rough with minute points and with many black- tipped small spines; raehises pilose above, clothed beneath with lacerate squamulae and rather deciduous, tawny, acieular scales 1 mm long, more or less, with dark marginal setae ; pinnae 60 cm long, 25 cm broad; pinnules sessile, 25 mm broad at the base, acuminate, cut to the costa at the very base, elsewhere to a narrow wing ; costa and costules hairy above, densely clothed beneath with lacerate scales larger than the small ones on the rachis; segments obtuse, falcate, the lowest crenate-lobed, becoming entire upward, coriaceous; FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 41 veinlets forked, sparsely hairy beneath ; sori inframedial, exindusiate. Beddome calls this “By far the most beautiful of all tree ferns.” India, Ceylon, Java. 36. Cyathea strigosa Christ. Stipe 45 cm long; frond 65 cm long, 40 cm broad, coriaceous; axes aculeate, orange-red, hairy and bearing pale, bullate scales; pinnae 10 to 12, 20 cm long, the lowest not reduced, sessile ; pinnules sessile, acute but not caudate, cut almost to the costa; segments long-triangular, falcate, entire, the margin involute, usually glabrous above ; veinlets densely scaly and hairy beneath, forked; sori small, costular, indusium white-scarious. Decidedly alpine in aspect. Celebes (Wawa Ivaraeng, from 2,000 m alt. to the summit). 37. Cyathea zoll ingeriana Mett. Frond coriaceous, dark-green above, pale beneath ; rac-hises above ferru- gineous-hirsute and paleaceous; the secondary rachises and costae beset beneath with fugacious, lanceolate, acuminate scales and persistent, smaller, ovate, denticulate ones; stipe and rachis dark-purple, nodulose beneath, rachis above the base of each pinna bearing a prominent “aerophore;” pinnules 6 cm long, 14 mm wide; segments close, connected by a narrow wing, elongate-oblong, serrate throughout, obtuse, subfalcate, with forked veinlets, and one costular sorus on each side at the base; indusium rigid-membranaceous, ferrugineous-fuscous, at first opening by a small pore, then irregularly torn. Java. 38. Cyathea rufo-pannosa Christ. Trunk 2 m high, 4 cm in diameter, the upper part covered by a matting of roots, leaf-scars about 13 mm wide and 15 to 22 mm long; bases of stipes and crown of trunk clothed with appressed, narrow, scarious, opaque, chestnut scales, 13 to 14 mm long; stipe up to 55 cm long, red-brown, bearing fine, sharp, black prickles, and covered with a fine rufous scurf, as is the rachis; frond very variable in size, up to 150 cm long and 60 cm or more broad, the lowest pinnae reduced and deflexed ; middle pinnae up to 37 cm long, 11 cm broad, sessile, the rachis very hairy above, beneath densely clothed with fine, pale, squarrose scales like those on the main axis, and sparse, entire, linear-lanceolate, chestnut ones 4 mm long; pinnules sessile, 55 mm long, 13 mm wide at the base, acute, cut to the costae for half their length ; costae clothed above with brown hairs, and beneath with copious pale-brown, lanceolate scales 1.5 to 2 mm long; seg- ments (or secondary pinnules) hardly 2 mm wide, 5 mm long, obtuse, adnate (except usually the lowest), serrulate toward the apex, glabrous above with salient, wavy costule, beneath bearing pale, bullate scales, and sometimes such as clothe the costa; veinlets about 8 on a side, forked; 42 COPELAND. sori small ; costular ; indusium dark, fragile, soon disappearing unless for an irregular base. Fronds whose largest pinnules are less than 3 cm long are sometimes fertile. Mindanao (Mount Balabac, alt. 1,200 m). 39. Cyathea heterochlamydea Copel. in Elmer’s Leaflets 2 (1908) 418. Trunk 3 to 5 m high, 5 to 7.5 cm thick; frond sessile, 1.5 m long, rachis clear-brown, almost glabrous, rough with small pustules; largest pinna? 30 to 35 cm long, abruptly narrowed below the acuminate apex, rachises chestnut, mottled, asperulous, clothed with minute bullate scales and lanceolate, chestnut ones 2.5 mm long, with dilated bases, both kinds rather deciduous; pinnules subsessile, 7 cm long, 15 mm wide at the base, acuminate, pinnate, costa bearing a few hairs above, and sparse, broadly lanceolate scales 1.5 mm long beneath; segments coriaceous, acute, sub- falcate, serrulate toward the apex, 2 to 3 mm wide, separated by sharp sinuses, the lowest segments free and contracted at the base, and a few succeeding ones free but adnate; lamina dark-green above, pale beneath, glabrous ; veinlets up to 9 on a side, the lower ones forked, black beneath, pale above; sori costular, on the lower half or two-thirds of the segment, indusium consisting of a single large scale fastened beneath the sorus, and inclosing on the costular side half or more of the sorus. Probably related to C. Christii and C. negrosiana. Negros (Horn of Negros, alt. 1,800 m). 40. Cyathea mitrata Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 354. Known only from a pinna and part of the rachis. Rachis brown, almost glabrous, minutely scabrous, bearing scar-like aerophores at the bases of the pinnae and along the angles of the rachis; pinnae 40 cm long, 15 cm wide, sessile, their rachises sparsely clothed beneath with a scurf of minute scales, and a very few lanceolate ones 2 mm long; pinnules 7 cm long, 15 mm wide, acuminate, cut almost throughout into distinct secondary pinnules; costae hairy above, bearing two kinds of scales beneath; secondary pinnules linear-oblong, obtuse, the lower ones stalked and deeply lobed, the upper ones crenate, coriaceous, lamina glabrous, black above, brownish-green beneath, margin deflexed; veinlets forked; sori costular, indusium very large and globose, then split like a mitre, or to the base, and very persistent, covering the nether surface. Mindanao (Mount Malindang, alt. 2,800 m). 41. Cyathea loheri Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 6 (1906) 1007. Trunk 5 m high; frond 1 m long, 40 cm broad, with pinnae down to the base of the stipe; middle pinnae 30 cm long, the lowest reduced to hardly 6 cm; stipe chestnut, rough with minute pustules; rachises and costae rufous-hairy above, densely scaly beneath, with large, whitish, fim- briate scales and minute, bullate, rufous ones; pinnules 7 cm long, 13 mm FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 43 wide, cut to the costa, secondary pinnules rarely contracted at base; 20 pairs of segments and secondary pinnules, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, entire or crenulate; veinlets about 8 pairs, forked at the base; sori large, covering the whole surface, indusium thin. Luzon (Mounts Banajao and Maquiling). 42. Cyathea fuliginosa (Christ) Copel. ( Alsophila fuliginosa Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 138. C. loheri tonglonensis Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 180). Trunk 2 to 5 m high, stout; frond 1 m, more or less, long, about half as wide, varying greatly in size according to exposure ; pinnae sessile, the lower normal ones reduced, and beside these several pairs 4 to 6 cm long near the base of the “stipe;” “stipe” brownish-purple, verrucose, clothed with fine furfuraceous squamules and with dense, harsh, shining, dark-brownish-purple scales, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 1 mm wide at the base, twisted above the middle; rachis brown, beneath verrucose and clothed with a fine scurf and with crinite brown paleae, above scurfy and bearing lanceolate palas 1 cm or less long,' which are sometimes a uniform brown, sometimes pale-brown with a dark-brown border, sometimes almost white with a brown border; rachises of pinnae more densely scaly, with (1) minute, bullate scales, (2) larger, usually pale, broadly lanceolate ones, and (3) at least near the base with still larger ones which are dark or have dark borders; pinnules sessile, the largest on a plant varying in length (with the size of the frond) from less than 5 cm to 8 cm, broadest at the base, acuminate, pinnate at least at the base; costas hairy above, with purplish or whitish hairs, clothed beneath with scales with bullate bases but otherwise variable in form; segments falcate, usually obtuse, varying from entire to crenate-lobed, dark-green above, pale beneath, coriaceous, glabrous except on the costules beneath; veinlets usually about 9 on a side in the largest segments, mostly forked; sori subeostular, small, crowded, but leaving the apices of the segments free; indusium questionable. The two plants, as recognized by Christ, which are united here, are distinguished by such characters as among tree ferns in general are quite sufficient; but in this case I am satisfied that they are forms of one very plastic species. Luzon (mountains of Benguet, alt. 1,400 to 2,000 m). 43. Cyathea inquinans Christ. Frond deltoid, very coriaceous, rust-colored; axes unarmed, bearing rust-brown scales of two kinds : — minute, furfuraceous, stellate ones, which extend to the costules, and linear-lanceolate ones 15 mm long, which, reduced in size, extend to the bases of the pinnules ; pinnules 6 cm long, cut to the costa, segments serrate; veinlets forked at the base; sori large, rust-red; indusium yellowish, lax, transient. Alpine in aspect. Celebes (Lompo-Battang, alt. 2,000 m and upward). 44 COPELAND. 44. Cyathea oinops Hassk. Trunk reaching a height of 12 m, 12 to 15 cm thick; stipe 50 cm long, rough, scaly at the base, elsewhere like the rachis, chestnut, clothed with a dense, stellate, wine-colored tomentum, the secondary rachises and costae bearing this tomentum and also shining, rust-colored scales ; frond 140 cm long, 70 cm broad, acute at both ends, tripinnate; pinnae oblong, acute; pinnules linear-oblong, very acuminate; secondary pinnules linear-oblong, acute, deeply crenate-serrate, bullate, rigid ; veinlets forked, sometimes twice; sori in the forks, 12 to 16 to a segment, rust-brown, large, finally confluent and covering all but the apex of the segment; indusium very thin, soon bifid, then lacerate and vanishing. Java, at altitudes above 2,300 m. 45. Cyathea javanica Blume. Trunk 10 m high; frond 190 cm long, 120 cm broad; rachises rufescent, glabrous or tomentose above, unarmed but the primary rachis rough with minute bristles, secondary rachises paleaceous-tomentose beneath; pinnae stalked; pinnules lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, costae bullate- scaly beneath at base; segments linear-subfalcate, obtusely crenulate or entire; veinlets about 8 on a side, mostly forked; sori few, the lowest medial, the upper ones costular; indusium thin, evanescent except for a saucer-shaped base. Java, Sumatra, commonest below 1,500 m. 46. Cyathea schizochlamys Baker. Fronds ample, tripinnate, firm and subrigid, green on both sides ; rachis unarmed, thinly tomentose and clothed with small, linear, acuminate scales; pinnse 45 cm long, 12 to 15 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate, their rachises densely clothed with small, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate scales which extend to the costae and c-ostules beneath; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, 15 to 18 mm broad, narrowed from the middle to the apex, cut to the costa into linear, entire or rarely crenulate secondary pinnules about 2 mm broad, with a distinct space between them; veinlets 9 or 10 on a side, forked at the base ; sori costular ; indusium membranous, fragile, soon splitting to the base. Sumatra (Mount Singalan). 47. Cyathea sumatrana Baker. Frond tripinnate; rachises not spiny, but densely clothed with fer- ruginous tomentum and large, linear, acuminate, red-brown, membrana- ceous scales; pinnae 45 to 60 cm long, 12 to 15 cm broad, texture firm, both surfaces green ; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, 16 to 18 mm broad, cut to the costa into ligulate, obtuse secondary pinnules 3 mm broad ; veinlets 8 to 10 on a side, all but the uppermost once or twice forked ; sori crowded. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 45 almost covering the basal part of the secondary pinnules; indusium large, very fragile, breaking up irregularly. Sumatra (Mount Singalan, above 1.700 m alt.), Java. 48. Cyathea raciborskii Copel. liom. nov. (Hemitelia crenulata Mett., non Cyathea, Blume). Trunk up to 3 m high, 5 cm thick; frond 140 cm long, 70 cm broad, axes unarmed ; pinnae up to 45 cm long, lanceolate, the lower ones reduced (beside some very reduced ones at the base of the stipe), the racliises straw-yellow or subfuscous, densely hirsute above, beneath beset with fine hairs and sparse, minute, fuscous, subulate paleae; pinnules cut to the costa, 6 to 10 cm long, the costae hairy above, beneath bearing minute, bullate scales; segments or secondary pinnules close, oblong or elongate- oblong, subfalcate, obtuse, crenulate or entire, thin, bright green, paler beneath ; veinlets evident, 6 to 9 on a side, the lower forked, the upper simple; sori 2 to 4 on a side, costular. Java, common at middle altitudes about Buitenzorg; ascribed also to Sumatra and the Philippines. 49. Cyathea lurida (Blume) Copel. (Chnoophora lurida Blume Enumeratio (1828) 244). Stipe and rachis unarmed but roughish, purplish, densely tomentose above and scaly with thin, ciliate, subulate paleae, beneath bearing sparse, crisped, lanceolate scales, brown with light margins; pinnae 30 cm long, short-stalked; pinnules 5 cm long, 10 mm wide, cut almost or cjuite to the costa into numerous linear-oblong, almost entire, coriaceous segments, costa hairy above, beset beneath with dentate, ovate-lanceolate, imbricate, dull-ferruginous scales, which become shorter and more bullate toward the apices and on the costules; veinlets 5 or 6 on a side, simple or the lowest forked, mostly fertile; sori subcostular, cinnamon-red, indusium none. Java, Celebes. 50. Cyathea batjanensis (Christ) Copel. ( Alsophila batjanensis Christ in Monsunia 1 (1900) 90). Trunk 3 m high; frond 1 m or more long; stipe strongly aculeate, glabrous ; rachis rough with minute scales, fusco-stramineous ; pinnae 8 to 10 on a side, remote, stalked, 8 to 10 cm long, 6 cm wide, short-acuminate ; pinnules remote, cut deeply but not to the costa; segments 6 to 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, serrate, obtuse, coriaceous ; veinlets simple, conspicuous ; sori small, medial, separate, indusium none. Batjan (Mount Sibella, up to 750 m alt.). 51. Cyathea havilandi Baker. Stipe stout, bearing copious crisped, brown scales; frond 60 cm long, 22 to 30 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid, the lamina sub- coriaceous, glabrous; rachis stout, scaly; pinnae sessile, the lowest not 46 COPELAND. reduced, 12 to 15 cm long, 5 cm wide; pinnules crowded, lanceolate, sessile, the lowest ones deeply pinnatifid, costules densely scaly beneath; segments linear-oblong, erecto-patent ; veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple; sori costular, indusium firm, persistent, smooth, with truncate mouth. Borneo (Mount Kinabalu, alt. 3,200 m). 52. Cyathea subglandulosa (Hance) Copel. ( Alsophila subglandulosa Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. V 5 (1866) 253). Frond ample, herbaceous, tripinnate; base of stipe buried in long, flaccid, linear, light-brown scales, the rachises densely clothed with small, linear, dark-colored scales; lower pinme 30 cm long; pinnules lanceolate, pinnatifid, the lower secondary pinnules cut nearly to the costule, ciliate with glandular hairs; veinlets forked; sori copious, indusium none. Formosa. 53. Cyathea crenulata Blume. Stipe not spiny; frond tripinnatifid or tripinnate, coriaceous; rachis slightly nodulose beneath and bearing a deciduous, yellowish, furfuraceous tomentum; pinnse almost sessile, up to 50 cm long, 18 cm wide; pinnules mostly 5 to 7 cm long, lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, costse minutely chaffy ; segments linear-falcate, crenulate or subentire, apex obtuse and entire; sori costular, subconfluent, indusium membranaceous, brown, breaking very irregularly. Java. 54. Cyathea foxworthy i Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (190S) 355. Trunk 2 m high; frond 150 cm long, bearing reduced pinnse almost down to the trunk ; stipe and lower end of the rachis beset on the under ■side with close, short, sharp spines, and finely scurfy, on the upper side with very narrow, dark pale® 0.15 mm long, and bearing scar-like linear- oblong aerophores along the two ridges; rachises of the tipper part of the frond and the pinnse light-brown, beneath almost glabrous and bearing sparse, minute tubercles, above dark-velvety; middle pinnse 45 cm long, sessile, abruptly narrowed to a pinnatifid apex; pinnules sessile, about 10 cm long, 16 mm broad, narrowed gradually from a base 16 mm wide to the caudate tip, cut almost to the costa; costa hairy above, beneath dark-purple and bearing a few small scales; segments 3 mm wide, linear- oblong, obtuse, the margin everywhere minutely but sharply serrulate; lamina subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark-green above, pale beneath; veinlets about 11 on a side, forked; sori costular, about 0.8 mm in diameter; indusium dark-straw-color, at first complete, then with a small irregular mouth, finally all breaking away. Luzon (Mount Banajao, alt. 1,200 m). FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 47 55. Cyathea lanaensis Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 271. Frond 65 cm long, 45 cm broad, tripinnatifid, stipe rough with minute tubercles; rachis glabrescent, reddish-brown; middle pinnae 30 cm long, 8 cm wide, sessile, the lower ones reduced and deflexed; pinnules 6 cm long, 12 mm wide, about 20 on a side, crowded, sessile, cut to a narrow wing, sinuses acute, costae beneath bearing red-brown, bullate squamules; segments close, about 15 on a side, entire, acute, glabrous, papyraceous, green, paler beneath; veinlets 6 on a side, forked at the base; sori costular, indusium breaking down early to an irregular, spread-out base, receptacle large, globose. Mindanao (Lake Lanao). 56. Cyathea korthalsii Mett. Pinnae 45 cm or less long ; primary rachis yellow-reddish beneath, with short, ferruginous tomentum above, secondary rachises bearing a few long, flaccid paleae beneath; pinnules sessile, 5 to 6 cm long, 12 mm wide, oblong, acuminate, costae beneath bearing sparse, bullate, fuscous scales; segments narrowly oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, scarcely serrate, connected by a narrow wing; sori costular, indusium firmly membranaceous, break- ing at the top first, then irregularly. Sumatra, Java, Mindanao, Celebes. 57. Cyathea hymenodes Mett. Frond broadly lanceolate, membranaceous; stipe 17 cm long, densely beset with short spines; rachis subasperous, dark-purple-brown, tomen- tellous above; middle pinnae up to 60 cm long; pinnules about 7.5 cm long, oblong, acuminate, sessile, costae minutely scaly beneath, densely tomentellous above; segments close, oblong-falcate, obtuse, obscurely serrate, 10 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, confluent; veinlets about 9 on a side, mostly forked ; sori costular, indusium thin and all but the base transient. Sumatra. 58. Cyathea oriental is Moore. Trunk 7 m more or less high, 13 cm thick; fronds up to 2.5 m long and 1.3 m broad; stipe short-muricate, bearing long scales at the base; pinnae on stalks 2 to 4 cm long; pinnules sessile or nearly so, 8 to 10 cm long, 13 mm broad, abruptly caudate-acuminate, pinnatifid almost to the costa, clothed beneath with ferruginous scales; segments linear-oblong, subfalcate, serrate ; veinlets 8 to 12 on a side, mostly forked ; sori costular, copious; indusium at first globose, after opening cup-shaped, slightly contracted at the top, with an even rim, chestnut-brown. Java, Celebes. 59. Cyathea walkerae (Presl) Hooker. Stipe unarmed or slightly muricate; frond ample, bi- or tripinnate, thick, very coriaceous ; rachises and costae hairy above, scaly or glabrescent 48 COPELAND. beneath; pinnae 45 cm long; pinnules rather remote, 8 to 10 cm long, acuminate, cut nearly or quite to the costa ; segments oblong, obtuse, entire or erenulate or slightly lobed; veinlets forked; sori costular, indusium cup-shapecl with irregular margin. Ceylon (center of the island, at the higher altitudes). 60. Cyathea modesta (Baker) Copel. ( Alsophila modesta Baker in Journ. Bot. 18 (1880) 210). Stipe less than 30 cm long, bearing dark-brown, linear scales 12 mm long; frond 75 to 90 cm long, tripinnate, moderately firm, green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces, except for a few lanceolate scales on the costae beneath; rachises pubescent but without prickles or scales; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, the middle ones the largest, 22 to 30 cm long, 5 to 7.5 cm broad, short-stalked, the lowest reduced and longer-stalked; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, 9 to 12 mm broad, cut in the lower part to the costa, above to a narrow wing, into close, ligulate, entire, obtuse segments less than 2 mm broad; veinlets 6 to 9 on a side, simple or forked; sori costular, not reaching the margin, indusium wanting. Sumatra (Mount Singalan, alt. 1,800 m). 61. Cyathea melanopus (Hasskarl) Copel. ( Alsophila melanopus Hassk. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 7 (1855) 325). Trunk 2 to 5 m high, its apex and the bases of the stipes bearing large, copious but deciduous, dark-colored paleae; stipes strongly aculeate at the base, above, like the rachis, slightly rough ; frond tripinnatifid, ovate- oblong, acute, membranaceous, slightly glaucous beneath, rachis sub- glabrous; pinnae elongate-oblong and acute or oblong-lanceolate and acuminate; pinnules linear-oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid; seg- ments linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, subfalcate, obscurely crenate- serrate ; sori costular in the forks of the veinlets, covering one-lialf to three-fourths of each segment, finally confluent. Java (Gedeli, alt. 1,200 to 2,400 m). 62. Cyathea wallacei (Mett.) Copel. ( Alsophila icallacei Mett. ex Kuhn in Linnaea 36 (1869) 153). Frond ample, tripinnatifid, subcoriaceous, green on both sides ; rachises stramineous, densely pubescent ; pinme oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 36 cm long; pinnules stalked, ligulate, 4 to 5 cm long, 9 mm broad, cut to a narrow wing; segments close, ligulate, obtuse, 2 mm broad, obscurely toothed, densely pilose beneath and with a few bullate scales on the ribs ; veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple; sori costular, indusia none. Borneo. 63. Cyathea ferruginea Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 181. Trunk obsolete or up to 2.5 m high, 6 cm in diameter; stipe in acaulescent plants 150 cm long, with a few scales at the base, sparsely spinulose, decidedly spiny in arborescent specimens, upward glabrescent, FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 49 shining, chestnut, like the main rachis ; fronds of adult (arboreous) plants almost 2 m long, narrowly deltoid ; pinnae 40 cm long, stalks 2 to 3 cm long, remote, acuminate, not reduced at the base, their rachises paleaceous beneath, with not very persistent, rather polymorphous, tawny scales up to 15 mm long, above hairy; pinnules remote, stalked, up to 7 to 10 cm long, and 20 mm wide at the base, long-acuminate with serrate tips, cut to a narrow wing, or in most ample specimens the single lowest segments free and adnate, costae hairy above, beneath bearing copious, more or less persistent, pale-tawny, ovate scales 1.5 mm long; segments falcate, linear-oblong or oblong, usually obtuse, serrulate, thinly her- baceous, glabrous except on the costule beneath, where the scales are smaller, darker, and more bullate than on the costae ; veinlets 6 to 9 on a side mostly forked; sori inframedial or almost costular, hardly 1 mm wide ; indusium brown or purplish-brown, soon breaking into large, irregular, persistent fragments. Palawan (Paragua), alt. 600 to 1,300 m. 64. Cyathea assimilis Hooker. Trunk 6 m high; stipe bright-chestnut, slightly muricate; rachises scaly above, costae so beneath; frond ample, coriaceous-membranaceous; pinnae 30 cm long, 10 to 13 cm broad, acuminate, stalked; pinnules cut almost to the rachis; segments 8 to 10 mm long, oblong, obtuse, sub- falcate, coarsely toothed; veinlets usually forked; sori medial; indusium complete, very thin, breaking irregularly. Borneo, alt. 600 m, Celebes. 65. Cyathea negrosiana Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 181. Trunk 2 to 4 m high ; stipe up to 40 cm long, almost black at the base and bearing a few linear-setaceous, brown palese 2 cm long, spiny; rachis brown, glabrous or nearly so, rough with sparse, sharp, fine prickles; frond over 1 m long, 50 cm wide; lowest pinnae reduced, sub- medial ones largest, more than 30 cm long, remote, sessile, rachises minutely rough, and scurfy or glabrescent beneath; pinnules sessile, remote, acuminate, 7 cm long, 15 mm wide, cut to a narrow wing and at the base to the costa, the secondary pinnules adnate, costae hairy above, clothed beneath with minute, pale, ovate scales, the costules bearing still smaller ones; segments 2.5 mm wide, 7 mm long, subfalcate or straight, subacute, obscurely crenulate, herbaceous, glabrous, dark-green above, pale beneath; veinlets 8 to 12 on a side, mostly forked near the base; sori costular, small, indusium transient except for basal fragments. Negros (Mount Silay, alt. 1,000 m to summit). 66. Cyathea christii Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. (1906) 144. Trunk 3 to 4 m high, 7 cm thick, its apex and the bases of the stipes clothed with dense, harsh, setaceous, dirty-brown scales 15 mm long; stipes bearing a fine deciduous scurf, and sparse prickles 1 to 2 mm long; 80915— — 4 50 COPELAND. rachis roughish and glabrescent beneath; frond 1.5 to 2 m long, barely tripinnate; lowest pinnae reduced and deflexed, sometimes running down almost to the trunk, the middle ones the largest, 50 cm long, 12 to 14 cm wide, acuminate, horizontal, suhsessile, their rachises very felty above, beneath scurfy with minute, pale, bullate, rather deciduous squamules; pinnules subsessile, lanceolate, acuminate, 7 cm long, cut mostly to a narrow wing, but at the base to the costa, the secondary pinnules adnate, costae clothed above with dark hairs, beneath with partly deciduous, minute, pale, bullate squamules, which extend to the costules; segments more or less remote but never very close, linear-oblong, subfalcate, denticulate, mostly obtuse, the lamina subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark- green above, paler beneath; veinlets 7 to 9 on a side, mostly forked; sori costular, crowded; indusium breaking at first into large pieces, finally breaking down to a saucer-shaped remnant. Mindanao, alt. 1,000 to 1,800 m. — 67. Cyathea alderwereltii Copel. nomen novum (Hemitelia sumatrana v.A.v.R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 18 (1908) 2, not C. sumatrana Baker). Frond subtripinnate, chartaceous ; rachis muricate with short, acute warts black at the apex; pinnae 55 cm more or less long, stalked; pinnules 8 to 12 cm long, about 2 cm wide, linear-oblong short-acuminate, cut at the base to the costa; costae hairy above, beneath densely scaly, as are the costules, scales ferrugineous ; segments linear-oblong, subacute, crenate-dentate ; veinlets once or twice forked ; sori 1 to 4 on a side, sub- costular, indusium brown, incomplete. Sumatra. 68. Cyathea callosa Christ (Alsophila extensa J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 419, non Desv. nec Blume). Trunk 1 m high, 8 cm in diameter; stipe stout, dark purple, densely spiny, furfuraceous like the lower part of the rachis, and bearing harsh, shining, dark, narrow palese 15 to 20 cm long, the stipe very short because of numerous very reduced pinnae running down almost to the trunk ; rachis glabrescent upward, brown, the spines becoming small and sparse but not quite disappearing; pinnae up to 50 or 60 cm long, and 20 cm wide, short-stalked, with a small aerophore subtending the attach- ment of each to the main rachis, rachises beneath like the main rachis, above hairy, as are the slender costae; pinnules up to 11 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, acuminate or caudate, sessile or subsessile, ciat at the base to the costa, the free segments more or less adnate, costa typically with a few small scales beneath, sometimes naked; segments crowded, falcate or subfalcate, linear-oblong, obtuse, serrulate toward the apex, costules usually with a few scales beneath, naked above, lamina glabrous, coriaceous, dark above, pale beneath ; veinlets about 1 1 on a side, forked ; sori strictly costular, 1 mm wide, indusium persistent. I have identified this plant from an authentic specimen, rather than by description: it FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 51 is perhaps too near to 0. caudata, the rachis being rougher, the costse more glabrous, and the indusium constant and persistent. Luzon (Province of La Laguna, alt. 700 to 1,000 m). 69. Cyathea halconensis Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 270. Trunk 3 m high; stipe short or almost none because of reduced pinnae at the base, chestnut, spiny, scurfy, and scaly with dark, harsh, narrow paleae 1 cm long ; rachis shading upward to a rather light reddish-brown, there almost glabrous and the spines reduced to sparse, minute prickles; frond 1 m or more long, hardly half as wide ; pinnae 30 cm long, 13 cm wide, sessile, acuminate, rachises smooth and almost glabrous, light- brown ; pinnules up to 7 cm long and 22 mm wide, sessile or subsessile, cut near the base to the costa and the lowest secondary pinnules sessile but usually not adnate, costa hairy above, beneath, like the costules and veinlets, black and glabrous except for a very few lanceolate scales; seg- ments 3 mm wide, obtuse or subacute, serrulate, glabrous, membranaceous, very dark above, pale and almost glaucous beneath; veinlets 7 to 10 on a side, forked near the base ; sori in the forks, 1 mm wide, indusium thin, shining-brown, splitting irregularly into large pieces, persistent. Mindoro, alt. 1,600 to 2,000 m. 70. Cyathea celebica Blume. Frond silky-glaucous beneath, membranaceous; rachis purplish, muri- cate, furfuraceous ; pinnae more than 30 cm long; pinnules linear- lanceolate, acuminate; secondary pinnules linear-subfalcate, obtuse, crenulate at the apex, truncate and sessile at base; veinlets 10 on a side, forked at the base. Celebes, Ternate, Batjan. 71. Cyathea teysmannii Copel nomen novum ( Gyatliea celebica v.A.v.R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neer. 18 (1908) 2). Rachis beset with acute spines, furfuraceous; frond ample, tripinnate, subeoriaceous, glabrous, or minutely paleaceous beneath; pinnae stalked, 50 to 60 cm long, about 20 cm wide; pinnules sessile or the lowest stalked, about 2 cm wide, cut at the base to the costa ; secondary pinnules subfalcate, obtuse, crenate, the lowest ones stalked and lobed toward the base, the lobes small, the lowest ones free; lowest veinlets two or three times forked and sterile, middle ones once forked and fertile, upper ones simple and sterile; sori many, covering the segments except at base and apex, indusium thin and evanescent. Celebes. 72. Cyathea p ustu I osa (Christ) Copel. ( Alsophila pustulosa Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 1 (1901) 1019). Trunk 3 to 4 m high; stipe stout, yellowish, clothed at the base with thin, whitish, subulate scales 1.5 cm long, and, like the rachis, rough with dense, minute prickles; frond 150 cm long, tripinnate; pinnae up 52 COPELAND. to 40 cm long, 16 cm wide, long-stallced, their rachises asperous and bearing sparse, minute, lacerate squamules; pinnules crowded, sessile, acuminate, 10 cm long, 12 mm wide, pinnate almost throughout, costae beneath bearing a few minute, lacerate, whitish scales, glabrous or nearly so above; secondary pinnules 6 min long, 2 mm wide, separate, mostly adnate, obtuse, subfalcate, crenulate, often with involute margin, sub- coriaceous, dull-green, darker above, glabrous above, costule beneath bear- ing rather large whitish scales; veinlets about 10 on a side, mostly forked; sori infra-medial, on most of the veinlets, covering the lamina, no indusium seen. Liu Kiu. 73. Cyathea latebrosa (Wall.) Copel. ( Alsophila latebrosa Wall, in Hooker, Sp. Fil. 1 (1844) 37). A lofty tree; stipes dark-brown, very spiny, scurfy, and bearing at the base a few linear, harsh, brown scales about 3 cm long ; frond very large, lowest pinnae somewhat reduced and deflexed; rachis maroon, muricate, scurfy with deciduous and very minute squamules ; pinnae up to 60 cm or more long, sessile or nearly so, acuminate, rachises from brownish-yellow to almost maroon, glabrous or minutely scaly, rough with sparse, line prickles; pinnules sessile, up to 10 cm long, very acuminate, cut to a narrow wing throughout or the lowest segments free, and adnate or not so, costae sparsely hairy above, bearing small, more or less bullate, some- times irregular scales beneath; segments subfalcate, obtuse or acute, serrulate or subentire, glabrous except for scales beneath on the costules, subcoriaceous, bright-green above, somewhat paler beneath ; veinlets about 11 on a side, forked; sori infra-medial, distinct or finally confluent, each subtended by a brown scale. This is a species originally inadequately described from a Penang fern; Beddome’s figure (F. S. I., pi. 58) does not agree completely with the description ; and my only Penang specimen under this name seems to be C. contaminans. India to Formosa and Celebes. O. latelrosa var. major Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (19.07) 183, has a straw-yellow rachis, and the type collection had the trunk 120 cm high. 74. Cyathea curran ii Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 356. Trunk 3 m high, 20 cm thick, the leaf-scars 5 by 3 cm; stipe about 35 cm long, maroon, tuberculate, bearing thin, soft, tawny scales which are up to 63 mm long, entire unless at the tip, long-attenuate, 4 mm wide at the base, cordate, or rounded and peltate; frond about 1 m long, half as wide; rachis bearing sparse, small, deciduous, lanceolate paleae, rough with small but numerous, usually very blunt tubercles, brown, dorsal surface hairy, secondary rachises similar but less tuberculate, and dark-maroon in color; lowest pinnae long-stalked, reduced and deflexed; median ones 35 cm long, 17 cm wide, short-stalked; pinnules sessile, 9 cm long, 1 cm wide, long-attenuate, pinnate, costa naked on both sides, almost FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 53 black; lowest secondary pinnules deflexed over the rachis and not adnate, the others adnate, crowded, narrowly oblong, obtuse, entire or nearly so, bullate, coriaceous, glabrous and brownish-green above, apparently glaucous beneath, with occasionally a scale on a costule and very minute whitish hairs on the veinlets; veinlets about 10 on a side, simple or forked near the costules; sori subcostular, soon confluent and covering the whole surface, without indusium or subtending scale. Luzon (Mount Banajao, alt. 2,000 m). 75. Cyathea calocoma (Christ) Copel. ( Alsophila calocoma Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 182). Trunk 6 m high; frond 4 m long; stipe densely clothed at the base with straw-white scales up to 4 cm long and 6 mm wide, which are brown at the tip, with ciliate, acicular, brown palete about 1 cm long, and with every intermediate form, white with brown borders; rachis stout, dark- or light-brown, spiny beneath, scurfy, especially above ; pinnae 1 5 cm long, short-stalked, abruptly acuminate, rachises like the main rachis but with a distinct hairy line above; pinnules crowded, sessile or the lower ones stalked, long- acuminate, up to 15 cm long, 15 to 25 mm wide, pinnate in the lower part, and the lowest secondary pinnules short-stalked, costae with a narrow hairy line above, dark beneath and bearing very few fine, pale scales; segments 2 to 3 mm wide, falcate, rather obtuse, usually entire, glabrous except for a few white squamules and rather long hairs on the nether side of the costules, herbaceous, deep-green above, sub- glaucous beneath ; veinlets about 12 on a side, forked ; sori medial, 1 mm wide, not reaching the apex, indusium none. Luzon, Mindoro. C. calocoma var. congesta Christ ibidem, has a more densely and finely spiny rachis, and more coriaceous and very crowded pinnules and segments. Luzon. 76. Cyathea caudata (J. Sm.) Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. (1906) 144. Trank 2 to 3 m high, 4 to 7 cm in diameter ; stipe very short because of reduced pinnse coming down almost to the trank, almost black, minutely scurfy and bearing harsh, acicular, dark scales, such as extend some 30 cm up the upper face of the rachis, densely spiny; rachis spiny only near the base, very minutely and sparsely roughened above, brown, bearing a deciduous scurf beneath; frond 1.5 m long; middle pinnae about 35 cm long, subsessile, abruptly acuminate, rachises like the main rachis, but the furfuraceous squamules more persistent; pinnules 7 to 11 cm long, about 2 cm wide, sessile, acuminate or caudate, cut at the base to the costa, elsewhere to a narrow wing, costa dark-hairy above, purplish beneath and minutely and deciduously scaly; lowest secondary pinnules sessile but not adnate ; segments serrulate and subfalcate at apex, obtuse, about 3 mm wide, costules naked above, scaly beneath, lamina coriaceous, 54 COPELAND. glabrous, very dark above, pale beneath; veinlets up to 13 on a side, nearly all forked ; sori strictly costular, small, indusium usually represented by a scale, as in C. latebrosa. Luzon, alt. 700 to 1,300 m. 77. Cyathea elmeri Copel. (Alsophila elmeri Copel. in Elmer’s Leaflets 2 (1908) 419). Trunk 5 to 10 m high, 10 to 15 cm thick; stipe short, densely covered with dark-brown, minutely ciliate-serrate, seta-like scales 25 to 30 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, which also persist on the trunk around the leaf- scars ; frond, including stipe, 2 to 3 m long ; rachis stramineous beneath, beset with small, sharp spines with black, mammiform bases, scurfy with minute, rather deciduous squamules; pinnae 60 cm long, 25 cm wide, subsessile, acuminate, rachises tawny beneath, finely prickly and deciduously squamulose; pinnules 13 cm long, 25 mm wide, acuminate, sessile, close, pinnate near the base and the lowest secondary pinnules not adnate, costae bearing pale hairs above, and beneath two kinds of stram- ineous scales : minute, bullate ones, ciliate or subentire, and larger, lanceolate ones, strongly lacerate into brown setae (the latter scales very characteristic) ; segments subfalcate, obtuse, 3.5 mm wide, serrulate, separated by narrow sinuses, costules beneath bearing sparse, pale, bullate squamules and hairs, lamina glabrous, herbaceous-coriaceous, green on both sides; veinlets 10 to 12 on a side, mostly forked below the middle, with the sori in the forks; sori two-thirds to 1 mm wide, exindusiate. Very like C. latebrosa except for the lacerate scales. Negros (Horn of Negros Mountain, alt. 1,200 m). 78. Cyathea adenochlamys Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 6 (1906) 1008. Frond coriaceous, pale beneath, 100 cm long by 60 cm wide, or larger; pinnae subpetiolate, articulate to main rachis, 40 cm long ; pinnules 7 cm long, 14 min wide, cut to the costa, segments about 17 on a side, obtuse or subacute ; rachis unarmed, rufous- or fulvous-stramineous, covered with a short pubescence; costae reddish-pubescent on both sides; veinlets 10 to 12 on a side, black, the lower ones forked, the others simple; sori 5 or 6 on a side, 1 mm wide, costular; indusium pale-green, persistent, densely covered with pale, sessile glands. Luzon (Bizal Province, Angilog). 79. Cyathea leucotricha Christ. Rachis glabrous, brownish-rufescent, secondary ones beneath bearing long, white hairs; pinnae crowded, sessile or subsessile, 50 cm long, 18 cm wide, acuminate; pinnules 9 cm long, 18 mm wide, acuminate, cut to the costa, sinuses narrow and acute; segments 10 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, pectinate, falcate, entire or crenulate at the apex, acute, coriaceous, pale beneath but not glaucous ; costae and costules rough with minute, appressed hairs ; veinlets forked midway or below ; sori in the forks, 1 mm FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 55 wide, indusium thinly membranaceous. Near G. contaminans in ap- pearance. Borneo. 80. Cyathea burbidgei (Baker) Copel. ( Alsophila burbidgei Baker in Journ. Bot. 17 (1879) 38). Eachises smooth and without scales, but those of the pinnae hairy; pinnules cut to a narrow wing, into ligulate, subentire, obtuse segments 2 mm wide, costae strongly ciliate beneath ; veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple or forked; sori medial, indusium wanting. Allied to G. latebrosa, C. Oldhami and C. Wallacei. North Borneo. 81. Cyathea albosetacea (Bedd.) Copel. ( Alsophila albosetacea Beddome, Suppl. (1876) 2). Main rachis purplish, muricate, and (in age) only slightly scaly; pinnae long-petioled, their rachises very scaly; pinnules with the one or two lowest segments free, elsewhere cut nearly to the costa; segments oblong, subfalcate, slightly crenate; costas sparingly clothed beneath with long, white, setaceous hairs, which are also present in a less degree on the costa and costules above, costules beneath furnished with deciduous, bullate scales which often have a hyaline, setaceous point at the apex (resembling the indusium of Gystopteris fragilis) ; veinlets all forked near the base, one branch often and both very rarely again forked ; sori copious, indusium wanting. The position of this plant is uncertain because of incomplete diagnosis; it is reduced by Diels to G. latebrosa. Nicobar Islands. 82. Cyathea chinensis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 355. Trunk 6 m high; rachis almost glabrous, not prickly; pinna of type specimen 42 cm long, 13 cm wide, sessile, acuminate, its rachis stram- ineous, clothed above with purplish-brown hairs and beneath with sparse hyaline hairs; cost® similarly pubescent, but more densely beneath, and toward the tip with a few irregular squamules; pinnules sessile, 7 cm long, 14 mm wide, caudate with the apex serrate, cut almost to the costa ; segments obtuse, subfalcate, 3 mm wide, serrulate, herbaceous, green on both sides, but somewhat paler beneath, the lamina glabrous but the costule bearing some hairs and squamules beneath; veinlets 7 to 9 on a side, mostly forked, inconspicuous; sori eostular at the bases of the segments, small, each subtended by one or two brown scales. China (Yunnan, in the Szemao forest, alt. 1,800 m). 83. Cyathea trichodesma (Scort.) Copel. ( Alsophila trichodesma Schort. ex Bedd. in Journ. Bot. 25 (1887) 321). Trunk of moderate size, slender; stipes scaly at the base; frond 120 to 180 cm long, bipinnate; rachis rough above, clothed with appressed, spreading, semi- viscous, copious, jointed hairs; pinnae lanceolate, 60 to 75 56 COPELAND. cm long, 15 to 20 cm broad, their rachises stramineous, clothed like the main rachis; pinnules 8 cm long, 18 mm wide, thinly herbaceous, the lamina, costa and veinlets clothed on both sides with the same hairs as the rachis, cut nearly to the costa into linear, obtuse, crenulate, rather distant segments ; veinlets 7 or 8 on a side, forked ; son 5 or 6 on a side, medial, indusium none. Near C. Andersoni, of Sikkim. Perak. 84. Cyathea cyclodonta (Christ) v. A. v. R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 18 (1908) 1. Rachis naked, brownish-green, shiny; primary pinnules 10 cm long, 25 mm wide, about 35 pairs, cut to the costa, costa finely puberulous above, strigose beneath ; secondary pinnules 2 to 3 mm apart, decurrent or subauricnlate on both sides, linear, 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, coarsely erenate with about 12 lobes on a side, coriaceous, glabrous, dark-green on both sides; veinlets forked at the base; sori in the forks, about 8 on each side, over 1 mm wide; indusium membranaceous, breaking down to an irregular brown cup. Borneo. 85. Cyathea andersoni (Scott) Copel. ( Alsopliila andersoni Scott: Bedd. Ferns. Brit. Ind. (1869) 310). Stipe ebeneous, muricate, clothed especially near the base with lanceo- late, deciduous scales; rachises dark-chestnut, naked beneath and rough with raised points, tawny-villous above; pinnge oblong-lanceolate, 45 to 60 cm long; pinnules lanceolate-ligulate, 10 to 15 cm long, about 2 cm wide, subsessile, cut nearly or quite to the costa, costa bristly, especially beneath, not scaly; segments close, 3 to 4 mm wide, lanceolate, bluntish, toothed, green on both sides, texture thin but firm; veinlets 9 to 12 on a side, forked; sori infra-medial, minute, exindusiate. Sikkim, alt. 300 to 650 m. 86. Cyathea kingii (Clarke) Copel. (Alsophila kingii Clarke in Bedd. Hand- book, Addenda) . Trunk 3 m high; main rachis purplish, shining, glabrous, rachises of pinnae purplish, glabrous, and somewhat glaucous; pinnae 45 to 60 cm long; pinnules about 7 cm long, 12 mm wide, coriaceous, of a bluish- glaucous tint, the costa very scaly beneath and hairy above, pinnules cut nearly to the costa into oblong, erenate segments; costules much raised and very prominent (particularly in the fertile pinnules) and scaly; veinlets once forked a little above the base, or more rarely simple; receptacle very prominent, indusium wanting. Baker puts this species near C. latelrosa, and says A. Baheri Zeiller is probably a synonym. Perak (Larut), alt. 1,500 m. FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 57 87. Cyathea brunoniana (Wall.) Clarke & Baker. A large tree; main rachis prickly; secondary rachises slightly prickly or smooth and glabrous ; costa sparsely and deciduously crisped-pubeseent beneath, naked or nearly so above; segments minutely hairy on the veinlets, the fertile ones not contracted, 15 to 18 mm long, 3 mm wide, entire, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, somewhat glaucous beneath; veinlets about 13 on a side, forked, nearly all fertile; sori costular; indusium at first globose and complete, soon breaking down to an irregular cup. Northern India. 88. Cyathea decipiens (Scott) Clarke & Baker. Trunk 15 m high; stipes spiny, mahogany-brown and scaly at the base, pale-brown and furfuraceous upward ; rachises very prickly ; pinnae sessile, ample, acuminate; pinnules 10 to 12.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, sessile, acuminate, cut nearly or quite to the costa, costae and costules bearing bullate scales; segments not close, 2 mm wide, acute, subfalcate, serrate, subcoriaceous, dark-green above, gray-green beneath but not glaucous; veinlets 10 to 12 on a side, two to four times forked; sori costular, small; indusium at first complete and spherical, fragile. Specimens in cultiva- tion have been mistaken for C. spinulosa, and Beddome implies that he can distinguish them only by the indusium. Northern India, alt. 600 m. 89. Cyathea spinulosa Wall. A tall tree-fern; stipe and rachis purple, very spiny beneath, rachises rusty above ; frond 3 m long ; pinnte stalked, abruptly acuminate ; pinnules subsessile, 8 cm long, acuminate, cut almost to the costa; costa hairy above, beneath bearing small bullate scales, as do the costules, which are glabrous above ; segments close, acute, subfalcate, serrulate, the lamina glabrous, thin; veinlets 8 to 10 on a side, forked; sori costular, small, numerous, but not reaching the ends of the segments; indusia at first complete, breaking into large pieces, .finally disappearing. India (altitude up to 1,000 m), to Malaya and Japan. 90. Cyathea mearnsii Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 356. Trunk 5 cm thick, thinly clothed at the top with black roots ; bases of stipes bearing thin, graj^-brown, narrow scales 15 mm long; rachis 1 cm thick, tawny, everywhere glabrous, unarmed; pinna3 up to 60 cm long, 25 cm wide, sessile, their rachises smooth beneath, above clothed, like the costae, with a dark, close pubescence; pinnules sessile, very acuminate, horizontal, up to 29 mm wide at the base, cut at the base to the costa, else- where to a narrow wing, costa reddish beneath, bearing some fine furfura- ceous scales; segments falcate-acute, serrate, 3 to 4 mm wide, glabrous except for occasional squamules on the costules beneath pale beneath and 58 COPELAND. not very dark above, coriaceous, lowest secondary pinnule often dilated and pinnatifid; veinlets about 13 on a side, forked; sori costular, crowded but not reaching the apices of the segments, 1 mm or less wide, indusium splitting into large pieces and only the lower part persistent. Luzon (in the mountains of Benguet). 91. Cyathea saccata Christ. An alpine dwarf; frond 115 cm long, 80 cm wide, stipe 25 cm long; stipe and rachis minutely verrucous, glabrous, rufous-stramineous, shin- ing; pinnae remote, stalked, 30 to 40 cm long, 12 cm wide, caudate, narrowed at base; pinnules remote, 6 cm long, 15 mm wide, lanceolate, pinnate, costae black, beset above with minute brown scales; secondary pinnules 13 or 14 on a side, separate, 2.5 mm wide, dentate; veinlets 9 to 12 on a side, forked, conspicuous; sori medial, indusium pellucid. Celebes (Mount Topapu, alt. 1,300 to 1,700 m). 92. Cyathea runensis v.A.v.R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 18 (1908) 1. Rachis unarmed, setaceous above; pinnae about 55 cm long, 22 to 25 cm broad; pinnules sessile, acuminate, 2 to 2.5 cm wide at the base, pinnatifid; segments oblong, subfalcate, subobtuse, crenate, margin slightly decurved ; veinlets about 8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori medial, numerous, indusium breaking into irregular fragments; frond ample, coriaceous, glabrous. The proper place of this species is un- certain because of incomplete description. Pulo Run. 93. Cyathea leucophaes Hassk. Trunk 3 to 5 m high; stipe and rachis spiny; frond tripinnatifid, coriaceous, glabrous, becoming whitish above as it dries; pinnae oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, mostly stalked ; pinnules linear-oblong, acuminate, unequally truncate at the base, deeply pinnatifid ; segments linear-oblong, acute, serrate-crenate at the apex and the margin reflexed ; veinlets forked, with the globose sori in the forks; indusium membranaceous, hyaline, globose, soon irregularly torn, and finally vanishing. Java. 94. Cyathea junghuhniana (Kze.) Copel. ( Alsophila junghuhniana Kze. in Bot. Zeit. 6 (1848) 284). Frond bright-green above, pale beneath, axes unarmed; rachises stramineous or fuscous, hirsute above as are also the costae, beneath smooth or minutely nodulose; pinnules 11 cm long, 16 to 20 mm wide; segments close, connected by a narrow wing, linear-oblong, subfalcate, obtuse, repand or serrulate; costae beneath bearing sparse, minute, ovate, ap- pressed, pale-ferruginous scales, glabrescent; veinlets evident, lax, 6 to 9 FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 59 on a side, forked at the base; sori costular; indusium scale-like, minute. Hemitelia manilensis Presl is described as a species resembling this, found in Luzon. Java, Sumatra. 95. Cyathea mertensiana (Kze.) Copel. ( Alsophila mertensiana Kze. in Bot. Zeit. 6 (1848) 586). Rachis glabrescent, verrucous with shining, brown warts; pinnas long- stalked ; pinnules approximate, short-stalked, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, deeply pinnatifid, costae glabrous above, at base beneath bearing sparse, white, bullate scales; segments falcate, rather obtuse, margin reflexed and obscurely serrulate, the fertile segments contracted and the lowest free but adnate; veinlets forked, usually twice, white-hairy; sori minute, crowded, occupying the entire segments; indusium a cup-shaped basal scale. Bonin. 96. Cyathea ornata (Scott) Copel. (Alsophila ornata Scott in Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1870) 342). Frond ample, tripinnate, moderately firm in texture; rachises castane- ous, smooth, naked beneath; pinnae stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 45 to 60 cm long; pinnules sessile, lanceolate, 8 to 10 cm long, 18 to 24 mm wide, costas scaly, especially beneath; segments close, ligulate, obtuse, denticu- late, 2 mm wide, green on both sides, without scales or hairs; veinlets 8 to 12 on a side, forked; sori minute, subeostular, exindusiate. Alsophila Oldhami Bedd. is usually regarded as this species; but as figured by Beddome it differs in having long-stalked pinnas and the costules scaly beneath. Sikkim, alt. 750 m. 97. Cyathea dementis Copel. (Alsophila dementis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. (1906) 143). Trunk 9 m high, stout ; stipe brown at the base, shading to stramineous in the rachis, clothed at the base with linear, whitish scales 5 to 15 mm long, exceedingly rough with blackish, stout, sharp spines 4 to 5 mm long; rachis glabrous, beset with smaller spines; frond 100 to 150 cm long, ovate; middle pinnas 30 to 40 cm long, their rachises rough; pinnules 6 to 8 cm long, 15 mm wide cut at the base to the costa, elsewhere to a narrow wing, costas above bearing dirty-white hairs or nearly naked, beneath naked or sparsely furfuraeeous-squamulose ; segments subfalcate, entire, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, greenish-brown above, paler beneath but not glaucous; veinlets forked, about 10 on a side; sori infra-medial, naked, receptacles evidently paraphysate. Mindanao ( Lanao ) . 60 COPELAND. 98. Cyathea fauriei (Clirist) Copel. (Alsophila fauriei Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 1 (1901) 1019). Rachises bearing short, sharp pustules, main rachis pale-brown, plant smooth; pinnae sessile (at least the ripper ones), 40 cm long, 16 cm wide, ovate-oblong, acuminate; pinnules sessile, about 18 below the pinnatifid apex, acuminate, 9 cm long, 2 cm wide, not cut to the costa; segments subfalcate, broadly linear, obtuse or apiculate, almost in contact, 2.5 to 3 mm wide, evidently serrate, dark-green above, olive beneath, herbaceous ; veinlets conspicuous, 12 or more on a side, black, two or three times forked; sori costular at bases of segments, large and few, brown, naked, receptacle small and naked. Liu Kiu (Oshima, common at foot of mountain). 99. Cyathea confucii (Christ) Copel. (Alsophila confucii Christ in Ac. Geog. Bot. 15 (1906) 102). Trunk hardly 2 m high; frond 150 cm long, half as wide; rachises glabrous, beneath prickly, light-brown; pinnae sessile, 45 cm long, 15 cm wide, acuminate, hardly narrowed at the base; pinnules sessile, caudate with serrate tip, 8 cm long, 17 mm wide, cut almost to the costa, costa bearing dark, appressed hairs above, and very sparse hyaline squamules beneath, the latter being also on the costules; segments acute, falcate at the tip, serrulate, 3 mm wide, dark-green above, pale beneath, herbaceous, the lamina glabrous; veinlets 8 to 12 on a side, mostly forked; sori costular, subtended by a minute, whitish, scale-like membrane. China (Sze Chuen, Mount Omi, alt. 2,000 m). 100. Cyathea contaminans (Wall.) Copel. ( Alsophila contaminans Wall. Cat. (1829) no. 320; Chnoophora glauca Bl. 1828, not Cyathea glauca Bory). Trunk up to 15 m high, 15 cm in diameter; fronds up to 3 m long or even longer, 150 cm wide; stipe 50 to 100 cm long, at the base scurfy and densely clothed with shiny-white, linear scales 2 to 3 cm long, which diminish upward and soon disappear, stipe reddish, shading upward to tawny or almost stramineous on the rachises, like which it is spiny and glabrous; pinnae up to 85 cm long, stalked, abruptly acuminate; pinnules sessile, usually 11 to 13 cm long, gradually long-acuminate, cut at the base to the costa (and the secondary pinnules contracted at base), elsewhere to a narrow wing, costa glabrous beneath, above bearing whitish hairs, at least near the base ; segments linear-oblong, subfalcate, subacute, entire or nearly so, herbaceous, glabrous, more or less glaucous beneath; veinlets 9 to 12 on a side, forked; sori medial or infra-medial, not reaching the apices of the segments, indusium none. India and Malaya. The commonest and largest tree-fern in this part of the world. FERNS OF THE MALAY-ASIATIC REGION. 61 101. Cyathea. fen icis Copel. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 354. Trunk 9 cm thick, said to be but 1 m high ; stipe 60 cm long, dark- brown, prickly with short, sharp spines, bearing two small, simply pinnate pinnae just above the base, and clothed at the base with a few narrow, brown scales 15 mm long, otherwise glabrous, as are the slightly roughish rachises; largest pinnae 35 to 40 cm long, 20 cm wide, abruptly narrowed to a pinnatifid apex; pinnules about 10 cm long, hardly 2 cm broad, sessile, cut at the base to the costa, elsewhere to a wing, costa hairy above, mostly glabrous beneath; segments 4 mm broad, obtuse, obscurely serru- late, eostules bearing a few small scales beneath, lamina glabrous, thin, dark-green above, olive beneath ; veinlets forked ; sori globose, less than 1 mm wide, pale, costular, exindusiate. Batanes Islands (Santo Domingo de Basco). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Alsophila saparuensis v.A.v.R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Nderl. 18 (1908) 2. Fronds ample, tripinnatifid, firm but not rigid; stipe prickly, clothed with deciduous yellow or brown indument ; rachis rough beneath, fibrillose above; middle pinnae the largest, about 45 cm long, 12 to 16 cm wide, lanceolate, acuminate; pinnules sessile, the lowest ones horizontal, the middle ones the largest, about 15 mm wide; segments crowded, obtuse, crenate or dentate at the apex; sori medial; indusia false, of minute, round, flat scales. Saparua. Alsophila bongardiana Mett. Differs from C. extensa in having the “segments broader, entire, rather glaucous below, with copious scattered scales, veins more distant and obscure.” It has the aspect of C. contaminans. Bonin. Alsophila khasyana Moore. Ivhasya. Alsophila xantholepis Clirist. Bat jan. Hemitelia capensis R. Br. Reported in Java by Bluiiie, Enumeratio 247, probably by mistake. 2. BALANTIUM Kaulfuss. Caudex erect, but usually not rising much above the ground ; fronds 3 or 4 times pinnate, deltoid, the ultimate pinnules oblique, more developed at the base on the acroscopic side; fertile and sterile pinnules alike, the fertile teeth not coriaceous; annulus usually oblique and uninterrupted. A small genus with one species in Polynesia, one in Australia, two in this 62 COPELAND. region, one in the Azores, etc., and one in tropical America. It is very nearly related to Dennstaedtia and Dicksonia — so nearly that they would all as well be included in Polypodiacece. The discontinuous distribution and its intermediate position between two families mark it as a very old genus. Sori in the sinuses 1. B. javanicum Sori on the teeth 2. B. copelandi 1. Balantium javanicum (Bl.) Copel. (Dicksonia javanica Bl. Enum. 240). Caudex arborescent (teste Eaciborski) ; frond quadripinnate, up to 1.5 ni long and 60 cm wide, axes densely appressed-pubescent, pinnae and pinnules ovate-oblong, very acuminate; secondary pinnules short-stalked; tertiary pinnules sessile with cuneate base, up to 1 cm long and half as wide, deeply cut into segments 1 to 2 mm wide, hairy beneath with white hairs, sparsely hairy above; sori small, in the sinuses, submarginal. Yan Alderverelt states that the annules is vertical; which is not an unknown condition elsewhere in Balantium. Java, at middle elevations. Dennstaedtia Formosae Christ is similar to B. javanicum, but the stem of the plant is unknown. 2. Balantium copelandi Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 301. (Plate XIX.) Similar to the preceding species, but the sori placed on minor teeth, and marginal, and the tertiary pinnules usually narrower. The caudex usually does not rise above the ground, but may reach at height of 60 cm the fronds, exclusive of stipe, are 50 cm to 3 m long. Luzon, Negros. 3. DICKSONIA L’Heritier. Tree-ferns, with 2 or 3 times pinnate fronds ; pinnules equal-sided, the sterile ones in our species decidedly reduced ; indusium and corresponding leaf -margin more or less coriaceous. A genus of 17 recognized species, chiefly in the southern hemisphere. Dicksonia is properly the name of the preceding genus. I should have used it in that way except that this genus has no tenable name. Dicksonia blumei (Kze.) Moore. (Plate XX.) Trunk up to 6 m high and 20 cm in diameter ; its crown and the bases of the stipes densely clothed with golden acicular scales, becoming brown on the stipes; stipes up to 80 cm long; fronds up to 3 m long, usually less, tripinnate; rachises densely pubescent; pinnae up to 80 cm long; pinnules up to 12 cm long, about 2 cm wide almost horizontal; secondary pinnae adnate, narrowly oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, the sterile ones toothed, dark green and shining above, paler beneath, and hairy on the costa; FERNS OF THE MALAY- ASIATIC REGION. 63 fertile pinnae lobed almost to the costa; lobes about four on a side, each almost entirely occupied by a large sorus. Java, Celebes, Mindanao, Negros, Mindoro, at middle elevations ( 1,000 to 2,000 m). 4. CIBOTIUM Kaulfuss. Caudex stout and erect, sometimes arborescent, the apex densely imbedded in brown or golden chaff ; fronds large, tripinnatifid or tripin- nate; sori marginal on the lower part of the segments, at the apices of veins, the fertile tooth like the indusium, brown and coriaceous, the two inclosing the young sorus; annulus complete, but with a stomium of distinct cells. About 12 recognized species, in and near Central America, in the Hawaiian Islands, and here. I follow Dr. Christ in the treatment of our species. Sori 2 or more on each side of the segments. Pinnules 2 cm or more wide. Sori 2 to 4 on a side, not prominent 1. G. baranetz Sori 5 or 6 on a side, prominent 2. G. assamicum Pinnules 8 mm wide 3. G. sumatranum Sori 1 on each side of the segments 4. G. cumingii 1. Cibotium baranetz (L.) J. Sm. Larger pinnules 2 cm wide ; stalked, narrowly lanceolate, long-acu- minate at the base cut very nearly or quite to the costa, costa more or less hairy; segments lanceolate, falcate, acute, about 1 cm long, subentire or somewhat serrate, decidedly glaucous beneath, separated by narrow sinuses; veinlets mostly simple; sori usually 2, sometimes 3 or 4 on each side, not prominent, 1 mm wide, the lowest oblique, the others parallel to the segment, the outer valve of the indusium the larger and more convex. The caudex is erect and stout but usually not arborescent. Liu Kiu across China to Malacca and northeastern India; Java ( ?). 2. Cibotium assamicum Hook. Pinnules up to 25 mm wide; larger segments 15 mm long, evidently serrate; sori prominent, borne on teeth, up to 6 on a side; valves more unequal, and texture of whole plant rather thinner than in C. Baranetz, which it resembles except as just noted. A plant in cultivation at Buiten- zorg agrees perfectly with this species as described, except in not being glaucous beneath. Assam, Tonkin. 3. Cibotium sumatranum Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 118. Fertile pinnules only 8 mm wide, cut to a wing 1 mm wide; segments 3 mm long, obtuse, denticulate, separated by obtuse sinuses; sori 2 or rarely 3 on a side, 0.5 to 0.7 mm wide, not prominent, valves subequal; plant glabrous or nearly so. 64 COPELAND. C. Baranetz var. setosum v.A.v.R. has the axes densely clothed with spreading bristles which in falling off, leave them roughish; sori 1 or 2 on a side; indnsium fulvous. Sumatra ( Linggalang volcano ) . 4. Cibotium cumingii Kunze. (Plate XXI.) Like C. Baranetz, but the pinnae usually narrower, the segments shorter and proportionally broader, the veinlets forked, with but one sorus-on each side. From Formosa and Fokien I have intermediate forms. C. Baranetz var. lampongense v.A.v.R., of Sumatra, seems to be like some of the Philippine specimens. Luzon, Mindoro. ILLUSTRATIONS, [Photographs by E. Cortes.] Plate I. A, Ophioglossum intermedium Hook. B, C, Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desf. II. Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Underw. III. Helminthos tacky s zeylanica (L.) Hook. IV. Angiopteris cartilagidens Christ. V. Macroglossum alidae Copel. VI. Archangiopteris henryi Christ. VII. Marattia ternatea deVriese. VIII. Christensenia cumingiana Christ. IX. Marsilea crenata Presl. X. A, Salvinia natans (L.) All. B, Azolla africana Desv. XI. Osmunda regalis L., var. japonica (Thunb.). XII. Lygodium merrillii Copel. XIII. A, Schizaea dichotoma (L. ) Smith. B, Scliizaea digitata (L.) Sw. XIV. Gleichenia laevissima Christ. XV. Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. XVI. Matonia foxioorthyi Copel. XVII. Phanerosorus sarmentosus (Baker) Copel. XVIII. Cyatliea atropurpurea Copel. XIX. Balantium copelandi Christ. XX. Diclcsonia blumei (Ivze.) Moore. XXI. Cibotium cumingii Ivze. 80915- -5 65 Copeland: Ferns of Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate I. A, OPHIOGLOSSUM INTERMEDIUM Hook. B, C, OPHIOGLOSSUM PEDUNCULOSUM Desf. i Copeland : Fei KNS OK THE MALA Y-ASXATIC REGION.] [PHIL. JoURN. SCI., VOL. IV. No. 1. Plate BOTRYCHIUM JAPONICUM (Prantl.) Unoerw. N Copeland: Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] LP JOURN. SCI., VOL. IV. NO. 1. Plate I ELMINTHOST ACH YS ZEYLANICA (L.) Hookei e Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV. No. 1. Plate IV. ANGIOPTERIS CARTILAGIDENS Christ. Copeland : Ferns of the Malay-Aslatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate MACROGLOSSUM ALIDAE Copel. Copeland: Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV. No. 1. Plate VI. ARCHANGIOPTERIS HENRY! Christ. Copeland: Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate VII. MARATTIA TERNATEA oe Vriese. Copeland : Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Scr., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate VIII. CHRISTENSENIA CUMINGIANA Christ. Copeland : Ferns of e Malay- Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate IX. MARSILEA CRENATA Presl. Copeland : Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. .Tourn. Sci., Vol. IV, N< Plate X. A, SALVINIA NATANS (L.) All. B, AZOLLA AFRICANA Desv. Plate XI. OSMUNDA REGALIS L., i. JAPONICA (Thunb.). Copeland: Ferns op the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV. No. 1. Plate XII. LYGODIUM MERRILLII Cofel. ) Copeland : Pei THE MALAY-ASIAT Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XIII. A, SCHIZAEA DICHOTOMA (L.) Smith. B, SCHIZAEA DIGITATA (L.) Sw. Copeland : Ferns op the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XIV. GLEICHENIA LAEVISSIMA Christ. Copeland : Ferns op the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XV. CERATOPTERIS TH ALICTROIDES (L.) Bhongn. > Copeland : Ferns of Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XVI. MATONIA FOXWORTHYI Copel. Copeland : Ferns e Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. XVII. PHANEROSORUS SARMENTOSUS (Baker) C( Copeland: Ferns of the Malay-Asiatic Region.] [Phil. Joorn. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XVIII. CYATHEA ATRUPURPUREA Corel. Copeland : Ferns of the Malay-Asia Region.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., Vol. IV, No. 1. Plate XIX. BALANTIUM COPELANDI Christ. Plate XX. DICKSONIA BLUMEI (Kze.) Moore. Plate XXI. CIBOTIUM CUMINGII Kze. ON HALOPHILA OVATA GAUDICHAUD, A NEGLECTED SPECIES. By C. H. OSTENFELD. ( Copenhagen , Denmark.) In 1906, while studying the genus Halophila and other marine phanerogams in the Kew Herbarium, I observed a specimen from the Philippine Islands which was labeled “ Halophila ovalis Herb. Philip- pinense, 1595, Luzon (5-’92) leg. A. Loher.” Although it seemed to be closely allied to Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook, f., I felt sure that it was a distinct species and noted on the label “nov. sp.,” but published nothing regarding it. My note was later seen by Mr. Merrill, while he was work- ing at Kew in 1907, and on his return to Manila, he sent me a Halophila collected by himself in Manila Bay in April, 1905, with flowers and fruits, which he supposed to be the same as Loher’s plant. This specimen is undoubtedly the same species as that collected by Mr. Loher, and is distinct from Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. At first I considered it undescribed, but on closer examination of the material and literature at my disposal and my notes on the species of the genus made in various European herbaria, I found that it is the species described by Gaudichaud in Freycinet’s “Voyage autour du inonde” as Halophila ovata, the type of which was collected in the Marianne Islands, and now in the herbarium of the Museum d’ Histoire Haturelle in Paris. Some years ago I examined Gaudichaud’s plant, and noted that it differed considerably from H. ovalis , with which it has been identified by all later botanists working on the genus. Gaudichaud himself quotes Caulinia ovalis R. Br., as a synonym of his H. ovata, and was undoubtedly of the opinion that the two were identical. It seems to have been a mere chance that he altered the name " ovalis ” to “ovata” when transferring the species from Caulinia to Halophila. I think, however, that it is correct to maintain Gaudichaud’s name, and accordingly for the two species we have Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook, f., and H. ovata Gaudichaud (not of later authors). Halophila ovalis is a species of wide distribution in the Indian and Pacific oceans, while H. ovata is at present known from but two regions — - the Mariannes and the Philippines. Gaudichaud’s description is wrong in many points with regard to the more minute characters of the flowers, 67 68 OSTENFELD. and to the morphology of the plant, but apart from these errors, which are but natural in such early botanical work, there is no doubt as to the identity of the Philippine plant with Gaudichaud’s type; moreover Gaudichaud’s figure is excellent. Below is given a diagnosis of the species, as far as the material allows, the male flowers being unknown to me. Halophila ovata Gaudichaud in Freycinet’s Voy. Bot. (1826) 430, pi. Ifi, f. 1., non E. ovata auctt., nec H. ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. a ovata J. B. Balfour in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 13 (1878) 335. Gracilis ; caulis horizontaliter repens ; internodia gracilia, 1-3 cm longa ; rami erecti nulli ; nodi foliis duobus, squamis duabus radiceque una instructi; foliorum lamina late ovato-elliptica, obtusa, circiter 9-10 mm longa et 4-5 nun lata, glabra, integerrima, trinervia; nervi secundarii 3-7 inter nervum medium et nervos submarginales suspensi; foliorum petioli laminis equilongi vel paullo longiores. Flores dioeci ( ?), solitarii, spatha diphylla membranacea suffulti; masculus (sec. Gaudichaud) pedunculatus ; stamina 3, unilocularia ( ?) yfemineus sessilis, periantliium minimum, triphyllum ; ovarium ovoideum, longe rostratum, circiter 2 mm longum; styli 3, filiformes, circiter 6 mm longi; fructus maturus mem- .branaceus, globosus, 2-2.5 mm diametro; sernina subglobosa, pallida, 0.5 mm. Species II. ovali affinis, praecipue differt omnibus partibus multo minor graciliorque, nervis secundariis 3-7, nec pluribus (in II. ovali 12-25), staminibus unilocularibus ( ? ) . Besides its small size, the above species is most easily distinguished by the arrangement of the secondary nerves. In H. ovalis the number varies from 12 to 25, being most often 17 or 18, forming a very acute angle with the median nerve, and the area limited by two secondary nerves is much longer than broad. In E. ovata the number of secondary nerves varies from 3 to 7, the most common numbers being from 4 to 6, and they form nearly a right angle with the median nerve, while the area between two secondary nerves is nearly as long as broad, that is, rhomboidal. In Gaudichaud’s figure the leaves are drawn with emarginate tips, but this is incorrect, as I have found upon examination of the type material. In other respects his figure gives an excellent idea of the habit of the plant. In habit it is quite different from H. ovalis, and much more like E. baillonii Aschers. and E. decipiens Ostf., but nevertheless the other characters point to E. ovalis as the most closely allied species. As mentioned above, I have not found any male flowers in the material at hand, and it would be very interesting to have them, as Gaudichaud’s description of them seems to be incorrect in some important points. E. ovata Gaudich., has been found only in the following places: Marianne Islands, Gaudichaud, specimens in Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; and the Philippines, Luzon, Loher 1595, May, 1892, in Herb. Kew. ; Manila Bay, Merrill !\112, April, 1905. According to Mr. Merrill the species is very abundant in shallow water along the shore near Manila in April and May, but disappears later in the season. PHILIPPINE CHLORANTHACE/E. By C. B. Robinson. ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The main purpose of this article is to call attention to the presence in the Philippines of the genus Ascarina , though still known here from only one collection. It has hitherto been reported from New Caledonia, Polynesia, and New Zealand, but from none of the regions the flora of which is closely allied to that of the Philippines. The one remaining genus of the family is exclusively American. KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE GENERA OP CHLORANTHACE HI. Undershrubs with hermaphrodite flowers 1. Chloranthus Small tree with dioecious flowers - 2. Ascarina 1. CHLORANTHUS Sw. KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF CHLORANTHUS. Stamens 3, fruit white, leaf-serrations short 1. C. officinalis Stamen 1, fruit red, leaf-serrations long 2. C. brachystachys 1. Chloranthus officinalis Blume Enum. PI. Jav. (1827) 79. C. salicifolius Presl Epim. Bot. (1851) 231. C. inconspicuus Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 54; non Sw. in Pliil. Trans. 78 (1787) 359. Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Mount Abu, Bur. Sci. 1995 Foxworthy : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Williams 4 13 , Elmer 68S5, Leiberg 6129, 6136, For. Bur. 1769 Borden; Limay, Bur. Sci. 6185 Robinson: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 52: \: Province of Tayabas, Mount Banajao, Whitford 972: Province of Albay, Mount Mayon, Bur. Sci. 6470 Robinson. Mindoro, Baco, Merrill 1241, 4036 ; Mount Halcon, Merrill 5574; Banos, For. Bur. 6207 Merritt. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 68, 197 : District of Zam- boanga, Sax River, Williams 2194, 2414- Basilan, Hallier s. n. 2. Chloranthus brachystachys Blume FI. Jav. Chlorantli. (1828) 13, pi. 2. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5645 Klemme: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 4374, 4384 Mearns; Pauai to Baguio, Merrill 41 85; Baguio, Elmer 5853, Williams 1362; Mount Tonglon, Bur. Sci. 5422 Ramos, For. Bur. 5004 Curran; without further locality, Bur. Sci. 2800, 2809, 3491 Mearns: Province of Nueva Ecija, Cuming 1392: Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Merrill 3828: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 2514, 69 70 ROBINSON. 3254, Whitford 103, Williams 440, 7 17, Elmer 6640, For. Bur. 1214 Borden, For. Bur. 2215 Meyer, Leiberg 6050, Merrill Dec. Philip. For. FI. 188 Borden. Mindoko, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5644, For. Bur. 4380, 443-6 Merritt; Mount Poloug, For. Bur. 9963 Merritt; without further locality, For. Bur. 12122 Merritt. Negkos, Mount Silay, Whitford 1553. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4551, 4682 M ear 'as & Hutchinson; District of Davao, Mount Apo,, Copeland 1064, s- n- •' Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. Basilan, Santa Isabela to Tipu, For. Bur. 3996 Hutchinson. It is extremely doubtful if the specific names here used are really the oldest, although generally accepted, but the earlier names are at least in some cases of doubtful identity and it is not possible here to form any opinion upon them. There might also be difficulty over the generic name. Chloranthus, as such, dates from 1787. Nigrina of Thunberg is at least in part eogeneric with it, but con- siderable doubt exists regarding his original species, the only one published before 1787. There is an older genus Nigrina of Linnaeus, published in 1767, but usually reduced to Melasma of Bergius, published in the same year, and the name would therefore be available under the Vienna code, though not under the American, for use instead of Chloranthus, if Thunberg’s genus is really identical with the latter. 2. ASCARINA Foist. Ascarina philippinensis sp. nov. Infloreseentite spicatae in paniculis fascicnlatis dispositae, braeteatse, foliis mnlto breviores; floribus femineis in rhachide admodum immersis, ovario sessili snbgloboso imilocnlari, semen unicum pendulum eontinente; foliis oppositis, basi acutis decurrentibusque apice breviter acuminatis, margine basi excepta serratis, petiolis caulem vaginantibus, caule nodoso. Flowers sessile, borne in fascicled panicles, bracts at the nodes of the inflorescence unequal, the uppermost usually much the longest, even folia- ceous; female flowers alone found, with no true perianth, but encircled at the base by a shallow enlargement of the rachis, ovary sessile, globose, 2.5 mm in diameter, stigma subterminal, sessile, surrounded by a flattened triangular expansion, 0.6 mm wide; ovary 1-celled, with one subterminal pendulous ovule. A small tree 6 m high, with a nodose stem 12 cm in diameter, the young branches terete or somewhat quadrangular, their bark gray or reddish, striate; leaves papyraceous, elliptic or oblong, 6.5-9 cm long, 3-3.8 cm wide, borne on stipulate petioles -1-9 mm long, which are connate at the base and sheath the stem, acute and somewhat decurrent at the base, at the apex somewhat abruptly contracted into a rounded or retuse mucronate acumen, the margins more or less revolute, glandular-serrate except along the basal fourth, dull-bluish-green on the upper surface, beneath densely brown-lepidote. Type collected at an elevation of 1950 m on Mount Apo, District of Davao, Mindanao, by R. S. Williams, no. 2541, March 31, 1905. N. v., (Bogobo) maidong. Through the courtesy of Lieut. -Col. D. Prain, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ivew, a portion of this collection was compared with the material there, and confirmed as “a species of Ascarina quite distinct from any at Kew, but nearest to A. polystachya Forst., differing by the much shorter spikes and less tapering base of the leaf.” PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHIN^. By C. B. Robinson. (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory , Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) There are herein enumerated as Philippine some 55 species, belonging to 1 genera, as compared with 35 species in 4 genera credited to the Archipelago by Fernandez- Villar. The increase in genera is due to the separation from Phyllanthus of Glochidion and Cicca , the former now so generally recognized as distinct that it is not here discussed, the reasons for segregating the latter are explained at length under that genus; Securinega, with the limits now accepted, is a real addition. The dis- position of the species is quite different from that of Villar. It has been possible to identify nearly all of the material in this her- barium, leaving probably three species of Glochidion and two of Phyllanthus represented by insufficiently complete specimens to justify description. Cuming’s collections are represented here, at least by frag- ments, but those of Vidal and Loher are wanting, except in a few un- important instances. The recorded distribution in related regions of the species of this sec- tion of the Euphorbiacece is as follows. India, Cey- lon, and Malay Peninsula. “ Malay Peninsula, Archipel- ago and New Guinea. b China, with Formosa. c Japan, with Formosa. d Philippine Islands. 1 1 1 Breynia . . _ 6 12 3 4 3 Flagged _ _ ... 2 2 2 1 2 Glochidion ... 59 62 12 6 27 Phyllanthus including Cicca _. 56 31 11 8 20- Sauropus 15 7 2 2 Securinega _. 2 1 i Total _ 139 115 33 20 55 “ Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. 5 (1887) 285-336. bBoeri. Handl. FI. Ned. Ind. 3 (1900) 272-277. 'Forbes & Heinsley in Jour. Linn. Soe. Bot. 26 (1894) 420-428 & Suppl. d Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 20:! (1904) 3-24. 71 72 ROBINSON. Considering the extent of the two first of these areas it becomes evident that the Philippines have a rich representation of the species of this group. The most recent collections have so added to our list of species, that it is probable that it may still have to be considerably enlarged. A nomenclatural difficulty has arisen through the publication since the beginning of 1908 of several Philippine species without an accompanying Latin diagnosis. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be said that they are here accepted as published, though to add certainty, such a diagnosis has been added where the species has been accepted as valid, and that when the limits here assigned to such species differ from those of the original author, that his type is in all cases to be considered as that of the species. KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE GENERA OP PPIYLLANTHINiE. Calyx greatly thickened at base by union with disk 1. Sauropus Calyx not so thickened. Rudiment of ovary present in male flower. Fruit a capsule, seed-coat not hollow on back 2. Securinega Fruit a berry, seed-coat hollow on back 3. Fluggea Rudiment of ovary not present in male flower, or in a few species of Phyllanthus very minute. Disk present. Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry 4. Phyllanthus Fruit a drupe 5. Cicca Disk entirely wanting. Fruit a capsule 6. Glochidion Fruit a berry 7. Breynia 1. SAUROPUS Blume. Styles terminal : 1. 8. androgynus Styles from the margin of the ovary 2. S. scandens 1. Sauropus androgynus Merr. in For. Bur. Bull. (Philip.) 1 (1903) 30. Cluytia androgyna Linn. Mant. (1767) 128. 8. albicans Blume Bijdr. (1825) 596. 8. macranthus F.-Villar Noviss. App. (1883) 187, non Hassk. Retzia 1 (1855) 165. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 288. Mindoro, Puerto Galera, Merrill 3329. The former collection seems clearly of this species, the latter is identical vegetatively, but the calyx of the male flowers varies in length from 1 to 8 mm, presumably with age, and the lobes are not emarginate. This genus being usually divided by the size of the calyx, the second specimen would appear distinct, but it is thought best not to separate it, at least until more complete material can be secured. India, China, and Java. 2. Sauropus scandens sp. nov. Andrachne sp. ( ?) Merr. in Philip. Jour. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 74. Scandens : floribtis monoicis, solitariis vel subsolitariis, pedicellatis : perianthio masculino subrotato, breviter 6-lobato, 2.5-3 mm diametro, PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINiE. 73 glandulis conspicuis vel perianthio coalitis, filamentis connatis, antheris 3, horizontalibiis ; perianthio femineo 6-partito, 4-5 mm longo, ovario valde depresso, apice truncato, stylis 3, marginalibus, cito bilobatis : ramulis levissime angulatis; foliis breviter petiolatis, lanceolatis, oblongo- lanceolatis vel ellipticis, apice brevissime acmninatis. Flowers axillary, solitary or perhaps sometimes paired, scattered along the branchlets, those of both sexes borne on pedicels 8-10 mm long and slightly dilated upward: male perianth subrotate, 2.5-3 mm long, the margin forming lobes for a depth of about 0.5 mm only, the lobes broad, rounded, truncate, or usually somewhat refuse; disk-glands 6, opposite the perianth-lobes, oblong-orbicular, about 1 mm in diameter, very con- spicuous or more or less coalesced with the perianth; filaments united, 0.3 mm long, anthers 3, horizontal, extrorse, 0.5 mm long: female perianth cut almost to the extreme base into 6 oblanc-eolate segments, 4-5 mm long, rounded at the apex, contracted at the base; no glands seen ; ovary very shortly stalked, 1 mm in diameter, in cross-section rounded-triangular, strongly depressed, the apex truncate and disk-like, styles 3, projecting from the margins of the ovary, at once divided into 2 fleshy lobes, the latter widely spreading and more or less outwardly recurved, about 0.7 mm long, the apices entire or rarely slightly 3-lobed: fruiting perianth hardly increased, fruit succulent, red, about 1 cm in diameter. Described by the collector as a vine, and appearing to lie so : branches and branchlets yellowish, the latter slender and slightly angled : leaves borne on petioles about 2 mm long, the lamina membranaceous, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, 2-3.5 cm long, 1-1.7 cm wide, the base rounded or acute, the apex forming a very short acumen, which is obtuse > or sometimes mucronate, described as very dark in color, apparently glaucous on the under surface ; stipules persistent, lanceolate, about 1 mm long. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, For. Bur. 193i \ Borden, growing as a vine upon Pitliecolobium scutiferum (Blanco) Benth., at an elevation of 300 m, and apparently rare. Very similar in many ways to S. brevipes Muell-Arg., but that species lias racemed flowers. Apparently very distinct in its habit. 2. SECURINEGA Commerson. 1. Securinega acum inatissima comb. nov. Phyllanthus. acuminatissimus C. B. Robinson in Philip. Jour. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 200. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Whitford 676: Province of Camarines, Ragay, For. Bur. 10788 Curran ; Pasacao, Ahern 280. Cebu, Toledo, Bur. Sci. 1739 McGregor. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Surigao, Ahern 351; Gibon River, north of Las Navas, For. Bur. 7569 Hutchinson: Rio Grande Valley, Sabacon, For. Bur. 65 44 Hutchinson: District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2706, 2807. This species is not a Phyllanthus, as shown by the original description of the 74 ROBINSON. male flowers, which is therein correct, with the addition of the fact that the rudiment of the ovary is sometimes 3-parted. It is less certain that it is not a Fluggea, as the fruit is not truly capsular, but slightly fleshy, and it is doubtful whether or not it is dehiscent. The embryo is straight, the testa is not lacunose and much thinner than in Fluggea virosa, and the disk of the female flower is not lobed. The style-arms are recumbent upon the ovary, spreading or somewhat ascending. In some parts of Mindanao, this species is of economic importance, being according to Hutchinson, the species, in most common use for posts. N. v. Anislag, Vis., Manobo, Surigao; Tras, Moro, Rio Grande. 3. FLUGGEA Willd. Branchlets terete, leaves distinctly acuminate 1. F. flexuosa Branchlets 4-angled, leaves not or very shortly acuminate 2. F. virosa 1. Fluggea flexuosa Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 76. Securinega flexuosa Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 450. Bohol (probably), Cuming 1855. If this is the correct locality, it lessens the surprise that we have no further collections of this species, as this island is as yet little explored botanically. The solitary leaf, which represents Cuming’s type in this herbarium, is often perfectly matched by leaves of other species, especially Glochidion rubrum. Endemic. 2. Fluggea virosa Baill. Etud. Gen. Eupli. (1858) 593. Phyllanthus virosus Roxb. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 578. Xylophylla obovata Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. (1809) 329. Fluggea obovata (Ilam. in) Wall, ex F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1883) 189. Fluggea microcarpa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 580. Securinega microcarpa Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 434. Securinega obovata Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 449. Cicca pentandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 701. Fluggea leucopyrus F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1883) 189, non Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 757. Securinega ovata Vidal Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 44, nomen. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin Island, Bur. Sci. 1/011 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Cape Bojeador, For. Bur. 13826 Merritt <£• Darling ; Bangui, For. Bur. 138S2, 13896 Merritt ct- Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, Cuming 1169 j Santiago, For. Bur. 11/067, 15658 Merritt & Darling: Province of Benguet, Sugpon, For. Bur. 11/120, 11/117 Merritt & Darling ; Twin Peaks, Elmer 61/01/; Baguio, For. Bur. 10817 Curran: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bambang, For. Bur. 15815, 15821 Curran & Merritt: Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Bolster 52: Province of Bulacan, Norzagaray, For. Bur. 7205, 7210 Curran: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Whitford 390, 531/, s. n., For. Bur. 77 5 Borden, Leiberg 6025; Moron, Bur. Sci. 91/9 Mangubat : Province of Rizal, San Mateo, For. Bur. 1123 Ahern’s collector; Bosoboso, Merrill 261/8; Antipolo, Merrill 1711/; Malapad- nabato, Merrill 2732, 271/3; Tanay, Bur. Sci. 331/1 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer s. n.: Province of Tayabas, Gurnaca, Whitford 863: Province of Camarines, Maagnas, Bur. Sci. 6319 Robinson. Masbate, Merrill 3056. Min- danao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. This species is referred to in the Pflanzenfamilien as F. obovata (L.) Wall. Repeated search has not enabled me to find any Linnaean species referable here, and the citation is probably a mere slip. The combination Fluggea obovata was PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTIIINLE. 75 first made by Hamilton in Wallich’s catalogue, but does not seem to have been published till 1883. Failure to find any older name lias compelled the use of Willdenow’s Phyllanthus virosus, although it was he who also originated the other specific name as Xylophylla ohovata. Cicca pentmdra Blanco has been reduced here by Mueller, Merrill, and Villar, and there can be no doubt that they were correct, although the description is not exact in some details. It will be noted that this species lias been recently collected at what is practically Blanco’s type locality. The reduction of F. leucopyrus F.- Villar is pure guesswork, based on the fact that it has not appeared in any recent collection. Securinega ovata Muell. is merely listed by Vidal; there is no such species, but he elsewhere cites S. ohovata as a synonym of F. ohovata, which is correct, and it is probable that the earlier name is only a misprint. N. v. Botolan, Tag., Baiset, Tag., Bataan: Granatang gubat, Tag., Rizal; Tulitangalung , Masbate. India, China, Malaysia, Australia, and Tropical Africa. 4. PHYLLANTHUS Linn. Styles simple or very slightly 2-lobed. Stamens 3, dehiscing vertically 1. P. corclatulus Stamens 2, dehiscing horizontally. Leaves 3 mm or more in width 2. P. lamprophyllus Leaves not exceeding 2 mm in width 3. P. curranii Styles 2-lobed or 2-parted. Stamens 5, fruit fleshy 4. P. reticulatus Stamens 4-2. Male calyx 6-parted. Anthers dehiscing vertically. Capsules smooth. Testa with anastomosing ridges - 5. P. benguetensis Testa nearly smooth 6. P. tenuipes Capsules muricate, testa with free ridges 7. P. urinaria Anthers dehiscing horizontally. Filaments free or nearly so. Branchlets not winged. Stipules hastate - 8. P. samarensis Stipules not hastate 9. P. dumosus Branchlets narrowly winged. Leaves 6-9 mm wide 10. P. everettii Leaves 2-5 mm wide 11. P. simplex Filaments united 12. P. niruri Male calyx 4-parted ; ovary 3-celled. Perianth-segments with entire margins. Leaves strongly 3-nerved .' — 13. P. triphlebius Leaves pinnately veined only 14. P. stipularis Perianth-segments lacerate-dentate •. 15. P. mindorensis Perianth-segments fimbriate. Perianth-segments linear-lanceolate 16. P. blancoanus Perianth-segments ovate. Leaves broadest near base 17. P. laciniatus Leaves broadest beyond middle 18. P. leytensis Stigmas sessile; ovary more than 3-celled 19. P. buxifolius 76 ROBINSON. 1. Phyllanthus cordatulus sp. nov. § Gomphidium. Arbuseula monoica : floribus fasciculatis, medioeriter pedicellatis, mas- culini perianthii segmentis 6, biseriatis, exterioribus paullo longioribus angustioribusque, disci glandulis 6, liberis, patelliformibus ; perianthio femineo 6-partito, biseriato, segmentis interioribus longioribus latiori- busque, disco piano, ovario pedicellato, 3-lobato, 3-loculari, stylis 3, usque ad medium coalitis, supra patentibus, non lobatis : foliis subcoriaceis, ellipticis vel ovalibus, basi cordatulis, inaequilateralibus, breviter petio- latis; stipulis parvis, lanceolatis. Flowers monoecious; the male and female on pedicels of about the same length, 6-11 mm, usually 3 in a fascicle : male flowers with the 6 perianth-segments in two rows, lanceolate to ovate, 1.2-1. 5 mm long, 0.5-0. 8 mm wide, the 3 of the outer row slightly longer and narrower than those of the inner; disk-glands 6, patelliform, separate, 0.3-0. 4 mm in diameter; filaments 3, free, 0.2-0. 3 mm long, comparatively stout; anthers slightly longer than the filaments, dehiscing vertically : female flowers also with a biseriate perianth, the outer 3 sepals 2.7 mm long, 1.6-1. 7 mm wide, the inner 3 slightly exceeding 3 mm in length and usually 2 mm in width, somewhat foliose; disk flattened, occupying the base of the calyx; ovary short-stalked, at anthesis 0.7 mm in diameter, 3-grooved, 3-celled; styles 3, united for 1.3 mm, and then for about the same distance spreading and at the apices reflexed, entire or very obscurely 2-lobed : capsules depressed-globose, 3.5 mm in diameter, at least when dry brownish, 3-grooved, with an intermediate line, 3-celled; the seeds (im- mature) oval, 1.5 mm long, the testa inconspicuously minutely punctate. A bush 1 m high, its stems purplish-brown, lenticellate, glabrous in all its parts : leaves borne on petioles not exceeding 1 mm in length, alternate, subcoriaceous, the lamina elliptic or oval, 15-24 mm long, 9-13 mm wide, or some leaves smaller, the margins entire, revolute, the base inequilateral, shallowly cordate or obtuse on at least one side, the apex rounded, often slightly mucronate or emarginate; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 4—8, arched-anastomosing, secondary reticulations few near the midvein but conspicuous near the margin; stipules lanceolate, 1 mm long. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 5106 Ramos, with flowers and fruit, December 14, 1907. 2. Phyllanthus lamprophyllus Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 324. Palawan, Iwaliig River, For. Bur. If 156 Curran. The Philippine specimen referred here agrees in almost every respect with the original descrijrtion, except that the leaves are slightly longer but proportionally of equal width, sharply acuminate at the apex. Flowers of both sexes are present, and certainly place the specimen in the section Emblicastrum. Previously reported by F.-Villar from the Philippines, otherwise only known from Java. P H ILIPPI N E P H Y LLA NTH INiE. 77 3. Phyllanthus curranii sp. nov. § Emblicastruni. Floribus solitariis, breviter pedicellatis ; perianthii masculini segmentis 4, exterior! bus maj oribus, disci glandulis liberis, minutis,; filamentis coalitis, antberis 2, transverse dehiscentibus : perianthii feminei segmentis 4 vel 5, disco angusto, annulari, ovario globoso, stylis 3 integris, apice liberis: foliis subsessilibus, lineari-rhomboideis, parvis; stipulis lineari- lanceolatis, acutis, deciduis. Flowers glabrous, solitary, borne on pedicels 0.5-1 mm long, the male with 4 perianth-segments arranged in two rows, the outer 1-1.2 mm long, nearly orbicular, the inner lanceolate; disk glands free, minute, situated at the sinuses of the perianth-segments; staminal column in all 0.5 mm long, the filaments united, anthers 2, dehiscing transversely : perianth- segments of female flowers 4 or 5, oblong-ovate, slightly exceeding 1 mm in length, their apices rounded; disk very narrow, annular with a lobed margin; ovary globose, 0.6 mm in diameter, 3-celled; styles 3, free at the rounded and undivided pale-colored apex, nearly as long as the ovary : capsules 3 mm in diameter, 3-celled, the testa of the young seeds smooth. A small tree or shrub 3 m high, its grayish stems 3 cm in diameter, the grayish or reddish branches terete or the upper conspicuously angled: leaves subsessile, linear-rhomboid, 3.5-7 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the base usually inequilateral and at least on one side rounded, the margins revolute, below the thickened apex rounded, the upper surface shining, the under paler ; lateral veins slender, 10-12 on each side of the midrib ; stipules linear-lanceolate, acutely-acuminate, 1-1.5 mm long, deciduous. Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Santa Fe, For. Bur. 10S89 Curran (type), For. Bur. 18027 Merritt: Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Loher 7)770, our specimen sterile, but doubtless the same species. 4. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Encycl. Meth. 5 (1804) 298. P. chamissonis Ivlotzsch in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 1 9 (1843) Suppl. 1 : 420. Cicca decandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 701. P. microcarpus Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 51. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin Island, Bur. Sci. 3967 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bangui, For. Bur. 13897, 15535 Merritt & Barling: Province of Ilocos Sur, Santiago, For. Bur. 15659 Merritt & Darling: Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 567/7, 5717 : Province of Benguet, Sugpon, For. Bur. 17/120a Merritt & Darling ; Itogon to Dilopirip, For. Bur. 15880 Bacani ; Mount Pulog, For. Bar. 18181 Merritt: Province of Tarlac, O’Donnell, For. Bur. 5151/ Curran: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao Kiver, For. Bur. 2715 Borden, For. Bur. 637/8 Curran, Williams 521, Elmer 6702: Province of Eizal, Manila, Merrill 372; near Mariquina, Bur. Sci. 6527/ Robinson : Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Hallier s. n. Cebu, Cebu, Hallier s. n. Mindoro, Calapan, Merrill 905. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2357/: Lake Lanao, Camp Iveitliley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. The specimens cited above include representatives of both of the varieties into which the species was divided by Mueller. N. v. Bagbagutot, II., Camiguin; Tinatinan, Tag., Manila; Tintatintahan, Malatinta, Tag. Malaysia, tropical Asia and Africa, reported doubtfully from Australia. 78 ROBINSON. 5. Phyllanthus benguetensis sp. nov. § Paraphyllanthus. Floribus monoicis, solitariis, glabris, brevissime pedicellatis, perianthii segmentis 6, obtusis, masculinis lanceolatis, femineis oblongis ; staminibus 3, filamentis usque ad medium connatis, antheris longitudinaliter deliis- centibus; ovario glabro, 6-sulcato, 3-loculari, stylis 3, basi liberis, supra medium bifurcatis ; disco femineo cupulari, masculino 6 glandulas patelli- formes efformantibus : foliis distichis, oblongis, ellipticis, vel oblongo- obovatis, basi subasqualibus, apice brevissime acute acuminatis; stipulis lanceolatis, aeutissimis. Flowers solitary or very rarely paired, glabrous, those of both sexes on very short pedicels ; perianth-segments of the male flowers 6, slightly exceeding 1 mm iu length, lanceolate, obtuse at the apex; disk-glands 6, separate, patelliform, about 0.2 mm in diameter; filaments 3, connate to about the middle, 0.3 mm long, anthers 0.2 mm long, dehiscing verti- cally : female flowers with a similar perianth, but the segments oblong ; disk cupular, the upper margin nearly entire but showing 6 slight rounded elevations alternating with the perianth-segments; ovary 0.6 mm in diameter, 6-lobed; styles 3, free and for 0.2-0. 3 mm entire, with a median groove, then forking for a somewhat shorter distance into 2 slender widely spreading lobes: capsules depressed-globose, 2.5 mm in diameter, 3-celled; the seeds 1.2 mm long, the testa yellowish, on the back strongly marked by reticulate ridges, giving somewhat of a honeycomb effect, the markings showing also near the margins on the sides. A branching undershrub, 30-50 cm high, the stems woody, purplish below, passing into grayish above, terete, lightly striate, glabrous through- out or the youngest parts puberulent ; leaves distichous, borne on petioles 0.5 mm long, the lamina membranaceous, oblong, elliptic, or oblong- obovate, 9-13 mm long, 5-8.5 mm wide, the base equilateral or some- what inequilateral, subcuneate or rounded, the apex rounded and abruptly contracted into a very short but conspicuous acute acumen; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 5-7, or with some of the intervening ones nearly as prominent; stipules 1.5 mm long, lanceolate, at the apex very acute. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Williams 966 (type), 1081, Elmer 6632 in part; Rio Trinidad, Bur. Sci. 5520 Ramos. Closely related to P. urinaria Linn., but distinguished at once by its seeds and capsules, its broader leaves not pubescent on tlie margins, and its woody stem. 6. Phyllanthus tenuipes sp. nov. § Paraphyllanthus. Floribus monoicis, longiter pedicellatis, solitariis, perianthio 6-partito; florum masculinorum glandulis 6, liberis, patelliformibus, staminibus 3, filamentis liberis, antheris longitudinaliter dehiscentibus ; florum fem- ineoram glandulis fere liberis, ovario glabro, pedicellato, stylis 3, con- natis dein liberis bifurcatis : foliis ovalibus vel ellipticis, basi saepius angustatis ibique truncatis. PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINiE. 79 Male flowers borne on very slender pedicels attaining 14 mm in length, solitary; perianth-segments 6, varying in outline from lanceolate to obovate, slightly exceeding 1 mm in length, acuminate at the apex ; discal glands 6, patelliform; filaments 3, free, comparatively stout, 0.2 mm long; anthers still shorter, dehiscing vertically or somewhat obliquely: female flowers on slightly stouter pedicels attaining a length of 3 cm; perianth-segments 6, oblanceolate or obovate, 2 mm long, the apex rounded or very shortly acuminate ; glands nearly separate, forming an undulating ring, curving inward opposite the perianth-segments and outward alter- nately with them, about 4 glands to each segment; ovary raised on a short stout pedicel, depressed-globose, 0.4 mm in diameter, glabrous; styles united for about 0.6 mm and then forming 3 lobes, which almost im- mediately bifurcate, the lobes in all only 0.1 mm long, stellately arranged: capsules depressed-globose, glabrous, 3 mm in diameter; young seeds 1.3 mm long, the testa yellowish, inconspicuously minutely tuberculate. An undershrub about 30 cm high, branching near the base, and spar- ingly above, the stems purplish, terete or slightly angled, finely striate, puberulent or glabrescent: leaves distichous, borne on petioles less than 1 mm in length, the lamina chartaceous, elliptic, oblong, oval or rarely ovate, variable in size, the larger 10-15 mm long, 6.5-11 mm wide, rounded or mucronate at the apex, usually contracted near the base and there truncate or very slightly cordate, the margins revolute ; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 4^6 ; upper surface of the lamina olivaceous, under surface glaucous. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Daklan to Kabayan, Merrill 44 1(^ (type) ; Itogon, Bur. Sci. 5758 Itamos ; Itogon to Dilopirip, For. Bur. 15879 Bacani. In general appearance resembling P. cordatulus, but separated at once by the very different styles. 7. Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 982. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 6632 pte.: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 315 7, Williams 97: Province of Rizal, San Francisco del Monte, Loher 4761. Mindoro, Calapan, Bur. Sci. 944 Mangubat. Cebu, Cebu, Barrow 17. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 7. Basilan, Santa Isabela, DeVore <£ Hoover 11. N.v. Minuh-minuh, Moro, Basilan. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics. 8. Phyllanthus samarensis Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 73. Samar, Jagor s. n. This species is still unknown except from the original specimens, which bore neither female flowers nor capsules. 9. Phyllanthus dumosus sp. nov. § Euphyllanthus. Frutex dumosus, floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel subsolitariis, medio- criter pedicellatis, perianthio 6-partito; utriusque sexus disci glandulis liberis; floribus masculinis staminibus 3, filamentis brevibus, liberis ; floribus femineis ovario 6-lobato, 3-loculari : foliis parvis, ellipticis, ovatis, 80 ROBINSON. ovalibus, vel subrotundis, apice leviter cordatis, margine revolutis, apice apiculatis ; stipulis parvis, lanceolatis, apice acumine deciduo instructis. Flowers axillary, solitary or rarely in pairs, the male borne on pedicels 5- 7 mm long, their perianth-segments 6, somewhat exceeding 1 mm in length, varying in outline in the same flower from lanceolate to oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex; disk-glands 6, free, about 0.2 mm long; stamens 3, the filaments free, about 0.3 mm long, the anthers equally long, their cells oval, dehiscing horizontally : female flowers often on shorter pedicels than the male, but these in fruit attaining 15 mm, perianth-segments 6, oblanceolate to obovate, 1 mm long, their apices acute or somewhat acuminate; disk-glands 6, free, small; ovary glabrous, 6- lobed, 3-celled; styles 3, forked almost to the base, the arms about 0.4 mm long, nearly flat upon the ovary: capsules 3 mm in diameter, 6-grooved, 3-celled, the seeds about 1.7 mm long, the testa densely verru- eose-tuberculate along longitudinal lines. A shrub 1 m high, usually much branched, the branches and terete branchlets covered with gray bark, the latter more or less pubescent especially on the youngest shoots : leaves deciduous when dried, borne on petioles 0.5 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, elliptic, oval, ovate, or nearly orbicular, 2-7 mm long, 1.7-4. 5 mm wide, the base equilateral or inequilateral, slightly cordate, the margins revolute, the apex rounded or slightly refuse, apiculate, the upper surface shining; veins on each side of the midrib 4-7 ; stipules lanceolate, not hastate, with an acute acumen at the apex, but this deciduous, older stipules appearing ovate, those on either side of the petiole often contiguous beneath it. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, at 1,100 m elevation, For. Bur. 1397 Jf (type), 13978 Merritt & Darling. 10. Phyllanthus everettii sp. nov. § Euphyllanthus. Frutex vel arbuscula: floribus masculinis fasciculatis, mediocriter pedi- cellatis, perianthii segmentis 6, ovatis vel lanceolatis, disci glandulis subor- bicularibus, staminibus 3, liberis, antheris transverse dehiscentibus ; flori- bus femineis longius pedicellatis, solitariis; capsulis parvis, 3-locularibus ; seminum testa brunnea, minutissimis papillis lineatim dispositis obtecta: ramulis anguste bialatis, intra alas minute sed dense pubescentibus ; foliis distichis, lanceolatis vel rarius ellipticis, apice rotundatis; stipulis hastatis, apice acuminatissimis, basi productis. Monoecious, the female flowers apparently much fewer and opening- earlier : male flowers in fascicles usually of 3, borne on slender pedicels 2-12 mm long; perianth-segments 6, white, ovate or lanceolate, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.6-0. 7 mm wide, obtuse and sometimes very shortly mucronate at the apex, with a conspicuous mid-vein; disk composed of 6 nearly orbi- cular minutely papillose free glands 0.4 mm in diameter and alternate with the perianth-segments; filaments 3, free, 0.7-0. 8 mm long; anthers less than 0.3 mm long, dehiscing transversely : female flowers solitary, borne on pedicels 12-22 long, perianth as in the male; disk annular, its PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHIN2E. 81 upper margin with 6 lobes alternating with the perianth-segments, in all 1.5 mm in diameter; styles 3, 2-forked almost to the base, the arms slender, over 1 mm long: capsule brown, depressed-globose, 3 mm in diameter, 3- or less evidently 6-grooved, 3-celled, with 2 seeds in each cell, testa brown, covered with minute papillae disposed in longitudinal lines. A small shrub 3 m high, the branchlets narrowly 2-winged and the smaller ones slightly compressed, between the wings densely but minutely pubescent: leaves alternate, distichous, borne on minutely pubescent petioles less than 1 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, glabrous, lanceolate or elliptic, 2-3.5 cm long, 6-9 mm wide, the margins revolute, the apex obtuse, usually mucronulate, toward the base narrowed, at the extreme base rounded and often slightly inequilateral; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 9-11 ; stipules membranaceous, 2 mm long, hastate and produced below the base of the petiole, the apices very acute. Luzon, Province of Nueva Viscaya, Cordon, Merrill I 61/ : Province of Tayabas, Lucena, Merrill 2885. Negros, Gimagaan River, For. Bur. 1/ 301 Everett (type). Allied to P. simplex Retz. Male flowers of this species greatly resemble those of P. samarensis Muell.-Arg., of which a portion of the original collection is in this herbarium, but it seems to be distinguishable not only by its winged stems but also by the wider stipules (1 mm at the fork), which are also more strongly produced downward; the leaves are larger and somewhat different in shape, though similar at the base. It is also close to P. myrtifolius Wight, but differs in the same characters as just noted. N. v. Miagos, Vis., Negros. 11. Phyllanthus simplex Retz. Obs. Bot. 5 (1789) 29. Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1/837 Ramos: Province of Bulacan, Norzagaray, Yoder 195: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1182 Ramos; Manila, Merrill 31/33, Philip. Normal School 68 Arcebal, Hallier s. n. ; Diliman, Marave 100. Mindoro, Puerto Galera, Merrill 331/3. Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 605 ; Darong, Williams 2611 A. Manchuria to India and Polynesia. 12. Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 981. P. carolinianus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 691. P. kirganelia Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 480, non Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 587. Bataxes Islands, Batan Island, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3722 Fenix. Luzon, Province of * Pampanga, Bacolor, Parker IS: Province of Bulacan, Mey- cauayan, Marave 1/8: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 101/8 Ramos; Manila, Merrill 72, 356, 31/79, Philip. Normal School 121 Pineda: Province of Cavite, Cavite, Bur. Sci. 153 Foxworthy: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 717: Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Gregory 30. Panay, Iloilo, Copeland s. n. Palawan, Puerto Princesa, For. Bur. 1/178 Curran. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.: District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 571; Santa Cruz, Williams 2751/. Blanco’s species, the specific name changed in the second edition, has been generally reduced to P. niruri. The description does not entirely fit, but is nearer to that of this species than of any other. N.v. Sampasampalucan, Tag., Manila, Rizal: Iba-iba-an, Tag., Bulacan. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics, except of Australia. 80915 6 82 ROBINSON. 13. Phyllanthus triphlebius sp. nov. § Eriococcus. Floribus solitariis vel rarius geminatis, brevissime pedicellatis; mascu- linis perianthio biseriato, 4-partito, disci glandulis minimis, liberis, fila- mentis 2, connatis, antheris transverse dehiscentibus ; femineis perianthio 6-partito, disco cupulari, continno, ovario glabro, stylis 3, supra medium bifurcatis: foliis distichis, oblique oblongo-lanceolatis, parvis, valde trinerviis; stipulis lanceolatis, apice acutissimis. Monoecious : the flowers solitary or paired, the male borne on pedicels slightly more than 1 mm long, their perianth-segments 4, 1.5 mm long, obtuse at the apex, the margins entire, the outer lanceolate, the inner linear-oblong; glands 4, minute, separate; staminal column in all 0.5 mm long, the filaments united throughout their length, anthers 2, dehiscing horizontally: female flowers on comparatively thick pedicels 0.5 mm long, their perianth-segments 6, about 1 mm long, obovate, the margins entire, the apex rounded or very shortly acuminate ; disk con- tinuous, somewhat 6-lobed; ovary glabrous, hemispherical, 0.3 mm in diameter; styles 3, free almost from the base and entire for about 0.4 mm, then forming two slightly shorter slender lobes with outwardly curved tips: capsules red, glabrous, depressed-globose, 2 mm in diameter, 6- grooved, 3-celled, each cell containing 2 seeds with a yellowish-brown testa marked dorsally by comparatively coarse longitudinal bands. An undershrub 10-40 cm high, its woody stems branching at the base, in older plants not again till the middle or near the apex, striate, some- what angled, minutely pubescent or glabrescent : leaves subsessile, the lamina glaucous on the under surface, oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-8 mm long, 1.5- 2 mm wide, at the inequilateral base rounded or the lower margin nearly straight, at the apex acute, mucronate ; the margins revolute, from the base strongly 3-nerved, lateral veins inconspicuous, 5 or 6 ; stipules 1.5— 2 mm long, lanceolate, their bases truncate or subhastate, their apices very slenderly acute. Ltjzox, Province of Nueva Viscaya, Bagabag, Merrill 110: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. 8ci. 1001 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Pagsanjan, Topping 510 (type). 14. Phyllanthus stipularis Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 75. § Eriococcus. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Whitford 282, 1102, Williams 608, Copeland s. n., Elmer 6S01/, For. Bur. 2081 Borden, For. Bur. 281fl Meyer, For. Bur. 6280 Curran. 15. Phyllanthus mindorensis sp. nov. § Eriococcus. Floribus masculinis fascieulatis, mediocriter pedicellatis, perianthii segmentis 4, lanceolatis, lacero-dentatis vel rarius fimbriato-laciniatis ; glandulis 4, liberis; filamentis connatis, brevissimis, antheris 2, horizon- taliter dehiscentibus : floribus femineis saepius solitariis, longiter pedicel- latis; perianthii segmentis 6, lanceolatis vel ovatis, lacero-dentatis; disco PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINJE. 83 annulari, 6-lobato ; ovario sparse pubescente, 3-loculari : foliis brevissime petiolatis, rhomboideo-oblongis, basi inaequilateralibus, acutis. Male flowers few in a fascicle, borne on pedicels 2-10 mm long; perianth-segments 4, broadly lanceolate, the margins merely lacerate- dentate or somewhat fimbriate; glands 4, slightly shorter than wide, 0.5 min long, obscurely tuberculate but not near the margin ; staminal column very short, bearing on its apical margin 4 horizontally dehiscing anther- cells surrounding a small but definite rudiment of the ovary : female flowers usually solitary, sometimes in the same fascicles with the male, borne on pedicels 2-3 cm long, slender at the base but conspicuously thickened near the flower; perianth-segments 6 or rarely 5, lanceolate- ovate, 2-3 mm long including the long slender acumen, lacerate-dentate ; disk shallowly annular, its upper margin forming as many oblong lobes as the perianth has segments, the lobes usually notched and glandular at the apex; ovary with scattered hairs, subglobose, 2 mm in diameter (flower rather old), styles 3, bifid, with short slender lobes, at the base more or less united : capsules subglobose, 4 mm in diameter, glabrous ; no mature seeds found. A woody bush 1 m high, its numerous branches crowded near the apex, the older parts of the stem covered with gray bark, the branches more or less densely pubescent: leaves distichous, borne on petioles less than 0.5 mm long, the lamina membranaceous, rhomboid-oblong, 17-22 mm long, 7.5-8. 5 mm wide, the base strongly inequilateral, acute or nearly so on both margins, the apex rounded, mucronate; the upper surface green, glabrous, the under glaucous and minutely pubescent ; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 4-7, obscure; stipules linear-lanceolate, 2.5 mm long, pubescent. Mindoro, Pinamalayan, For. Bur. 5370 Merritt (type) ; Calausan, For. Bur. 8789 Merritt ; without further locality, For. Bur. 8606 Merritt. 16. Phyllanthus blancoanus Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 49, prob.; Merr. in Philip. Jour. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 74, certe. P. niruri Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 690; non Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 981. P. tetrander Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 480; non P. tetrandrus Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 674. Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Mount Arayat, Merrill 3830, Bolster 98: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2698 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 3179, 3751, Whitford 237, Williams 1/23. Phyllanthus tetrander Blanco is merely his own correction of his identificatiori of P. niruri in the first edition, the description being unchanged. Mueller, con- sidering that this also was wrong, renamed the species, basing P. hlancoanus entirely upon Blanco’s descriptions, with some suggested corrections. He placed the species in the section Eriococcus, where the present plants belong. Unless perhaps by F.-Villar, the species was first identified with herbarium material by Merrill in the “Lamao Flora,” and it is the species so identified by him that is here accepted, after careful reexamination of the material. There is one important difficulty: Blanco describes the leaves, called by him leaflets, as linear, which 84 ROBINSON. does not at all agree with those of this species. An explanation may be that Blanco, having decided that his plant was P. niruri, described the leaves as they are in the latter, a procedure which he sometimes adopted: conversely, it would be difficult to see how he could have called this species P. niruri when the leaves were so different, had he not subsequently changed the name to P. tetrander, presumably believing that he had Roxburgh’s species, whose leaves are described as “broad-lanceolar, 2 to 4 inches long.” In every other respect, the species markedly agrees with Blanco’s description, as interpreted by Mueller ; and the other Philippine species closely approaching it, to which the description might almost equally well apply, are ones which Blanco can hardly have seen. In one respect Mueller wrongly described this species, in saying that the ovary is glabrous, a pure assumption on his part, as Blanco makes no reference to the point. It is accordingly thought desirable to append a partial description, especially of the flowers and leaves. Male flowers toward the base of the branches, borne on pedicels 2— t mm long : perianth-segments 4, lanceolate or sagittate, fimbriate, about 2 mm long; disk-glands 4, separate, shallow, discoid; filaments short, united, anther-cells (not anthers) 4, dehiscing transversely; rudiment of the ovary present but minute : female flowers in fascicles of 2 or 3, not seen near the bases of the branchlets, the pedicels about 1 cm long, conspicuously thickened near the apex ; perianth-segments 6, united, at the extreme base until a rounded sinus, linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm long, the margins dentate- fimbriate except toward the somewhat narrowed base; disk thin, annular, but with 6 projections alternating with the perianth-segments, these projections shortly but widely stalked, suborbicular or notched, thickened at the apex; ovary villose, globose, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, 3- and less conspicuously 6-grooved, 3-celled, each cell containing 2 ovules, which are nearly oval in outline, about 0.6 mm long, with a brown testa; styles 3, bifid nearly to the base, the style-arms linear, about 0.5 mm long : leaves rhombic-oblong, usually broadest opposite the base, strongly inequilateral, those near the base of the branches the smaller, the rest 13-21 mm long, 4.5-8. 5 mm wide, the lower margin nearly straight or at the extreme base slightly convex, the upper margin forming nearly a right angle with it, the apex of the leaf rounded, apiculate. 17. Phyllanthus laciniatus sp. nov. § Eriococcus. Floribus masculinis mediocriter pedieellatis, fasciculatis ; perianthii segmentis 4, laciniato-fimbriatis ; filamentis brevissimis, connatis, antheris 2, horizontaliter dehiscentibus : floribus femineis solitariis vel geminatis, longiter pedieellatis; perianthii segmentis 6, masculinis similibus; gland- ulis 6, subliberis ; ovario obscure pubescente, 3-loculari : foliis breviter petiolatis, rhombeo-ovoideis vel ellipticis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, apice mucronatis. Male flowers in fascicles of 4-8, borne on slender glabrous pedicels 4-7 mm long; perianth-segments 4, ovate, 2 mm long, the margins laciniate- fimbriate ; glands 4, free, flattened, 1 mm wide at the outer margin, PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINNE. 85 minutely tuberculate; staminal column extremely short, the filaments united, the 4 anther-cells forming a broken ring around the apex and dehiscing horizontally, surrounding a minute rudiment of the ovary : female flowers solitary or paired, borne on pedicels 12-28 mm long; perianth-segments 6, similar to those of the male, 3 mm long; glands 6, oblong or oblanceolate, 1 mm long, almost free but united at the base to a very shallow ring which completely surrounds the ovary ; ovary globose, very obscurely pubescent, 1 mm in diameter, 6-lobed, 3-cellecl; styles 3, free, forking into 2 slender lobes about 0.5 mm long almost immediately above the ovary : capsule white, depressed-globose, 8 mm in diameter, glabrous, horny in texture, 6-lobed, 3-celled; seeds 4 mm long, outer wall of the testa composed of horizontal fibres, easily ruptured and giving the appearance of brownish pubescence or minute tubercles. A shrub 1-3 m high, the branches grayish or brownish, terete, some- what striate, more or less pubescent : leaves borne on pubescent petioles less than 1 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, rhombic-ovate to elliptic, 2.5—4 cm long, 1.3-1. 8 cm wide, or some of the leaves smaller, equilateral or strongly inequilateral and acute or rounded at the base, the margins slightly recurved and ciliate, the apex mucronate, the upper surface green, glabrous, the under glaucous, pubescent especially on the veins; lateral veins on each side of the midrib 4—6, anastomosing well within the margins; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2 mm long, acumi- nate, pubescent. Luzon, Province of Albay, Batan Island, Batan, Bur. Sci. 6230 Robinson. This species forms with P. blancoanus, P. stipularis, P. mindorensis and P. leytensis, a very natural group, all showing the same arrangement of stamens and styles, and having a minute rudiment of the ovary at the apex of the column formed by the short united filaments. 18. Phyllanthus leytensis Elmer Leaf!. 1 (1908) 307. Monoicus : floribus masculinis pedicellis gracilibus 4-6 mm longis suffultis, perianthii segmentis 4, triangulari-ovatis, fimbriatis; disci lobis 4; filamentis tota longitudine connatis; antheris 2 (loculis 4), transver- saliter dehiscentibus : floribus femineis in pedicellis gracilibus apice in- crassatis circiter 2-3 cm longis suffultis; perianthii segmentis 6, ovatis, fimbriatis; disco annulari, superiori margine 6-lobato; ovario minute papilloso-pubescenti, 3-loculari : foliis brevissime petiolatis, rhomboideo- oblongis, apicem versus latioribus, valde inaequilateralibus, margine in- feriori incurvatis, apice rotundatis apiculatisque, circiter 2 cm longis, 7-12.5 mm latis, inferioribus minoribus. Leyte, Palo, Elmer 7267. 19. Phyllanthus buxifolius Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 50. Scepasma buxifolia Blume Bijdr. (1825) 583. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Subig, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 2532, Whitford 7/5, Williams 1)3, Bur. Sci. 161)9 86 ROBINSON. Foxworthy, For. Bur. 1501 Ahern’s collector, For. Bur. 2932 Borden, For. Bur. 3010 Meyer: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2011 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, (Infanta) Tinuan River, Whitford 165; Pagbilao, Merrill 1912. Cebu, Toledo, Bur. Sci. 1121 McGregor. N. v. Cahoy calioyan, Tag., Bataan; Agaooyoy, Tag., Tayabas. Java. SPECIES VALDE DUBIJE. Phyllanthus nigrescens Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1S66) 348. Kirganelia nigrescens Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 712. Nothing nearly answering the description of -this species can be found, even if the points on which errors might easily be made are treated very loosely. The two most likely identifications seem to be with Breynia cernua and Glochidion urophylloides, neither quite impossible. Assuming what is probable, that the species is represented in our collections, the former is perhaps the species in which a writer could be most easily forgiven for counting the G perianth-segments as 4, his 6-celled berry with one seed in each cell may be the 3-celled berry with 2 seeds in each, the anthers are 3 not 5, the fruit is black in the herbarium, though red in nature, and his specimen might have been dry. G. urophylloides answers the description better, but not nearly, and he is unlikely to have had it. Fernandez- Villar reduced it to Glochidion molle Bl., which is certainly wrong, and would in any case lose much of its value as there is great reason to believe that Villar misinterpreted the latter species. Phyllanthus pumilus Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 349. Kirganelia pumila Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 713. Previous suggestions for the reduction of this species have been P. urinaria, P. simplex, and P. niruri, these well fitting the specific name, but not the descrip- tion. If it be a Phyllanthus at all, these have probability in the order given: Blanco is believed to have described the last under another name. Re apparently considered the present species to be a Glochidion, but the difficulties in this genus are ever greater. It may belong altogether outside of this group. Mueller’s names for this and the preceding were merely transfers of Blanco’s, and by him both were considered very doubtful. SPECIES EXCLUDENDaE. Phyllanthus phillyreaefolius Poir. Encycl. 5 (1804) 299. According to Mueller, erroneously credited to the Philippines on some sheets of Perrottet’s collections, and actually known only from the Mascarenes. The following, the majority belonging to Glochidion, were enumerated among Philippine species by Fernandez-Villar,1 but have not been found by other collect- ors, and were probably wrongly interpreted. P. compressicaulis Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 376. P. eriocarpu s Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. P. gaudichaudii marianus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 379. P. insulanus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. P. leucogynus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 75. P. marianus Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 17. P. multilocularis Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 370. P. pulcher Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 3 2 (1863) 49. Noviss. App. (1883) 187-189. PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINAB. 87 5. Cl CCA Linn. Cicca disticha Linn. Mant. (1767) 124. Phyllanthus distichus Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 413. Cicca acidissima Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 700. Phyllanthus acidissimus Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 3 2 (1863) 50, non Noronli. in Verh. Batav. Gen. 5 4 (1790) 22. Phyllanthus acidus Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 8 (1903) 41, splialm. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2281 Hearns: Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 5641: Province of Rizal, Manila, Loher 4153, Ahern 709, Merrill 3804, For. Bur. 12464 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Pagbilao, Merrill 1909. Mindoro, Mamburao, For. Bur. 8612 Merritt; without further locality, For. Bur. 8558 Merritt. The fruits of this species are fleshy externally, containing a 6- or 8-grooved bony endocarp, firmly united, and not separable by pressure, showing however by traces of the original carpellary walls on its exterior that it represents either 3 or 4 carpels, and containing 3 or 4 cells each with one seed. It is well repre- sented by the figure of Lamarck,2 and less distinctly by that of Vidal.3 Further, Blanco’s description of Cicca acidissima is unusually good. Although this species, along with others later described as cogeneric with it, was placed by Mueller in Phyllanthus, it seems clearly separable from that genus, by the structure of its fruit. Blanco described it as dioecious, and that is the testimony of all recent Philippine collections. From Mueller’s description it would seem that he had male flowers, with which female flowers were occasionally found, for he implies that the latter are very few, and only found at the bases of the branches. In our material, they are exceedingly numerous. Hooker 4 5 says that he had not seen the fruit; the statements of Roxburgh and Kurz, cited by him, agree well with the views here maintained. Kurz 6 has already revived this Linnaean genus, but with wider limits than here, where it is restricted to such species ordinarily placed in Phyllanthus as have drupaceous fruit, and of these there is but one known in the Philippines. His other species of Cicca are here either in Fluggea or Phyllanthus ( P . reticulatus) . N.v. Iba, Tag., Pamp. ; Banquilin, Tag.; Carmay, Tag., Mindoro; Poras, Layo- han, Caguindi, Vis. India, Malaysia, and Madagascar. 6. GLOCH I DION Forst. This genus is a very unsatisfactory one, nearly every species showing wide variation, and at the same closely paralleling others, so that it is necessary to place together collections which markedly differ in characters considered to be nonessential in Glocliidion, though often highly signifi- cant elsewhere, while others nearly identical with them in these respects are treated as widely separated. In Philippine material this is especially the case with the series of forms here placed as G. album and G. trichogy- num, but in less degree the same is true of many others. The division 2 Lam. Encycl. Meth. pi. 757. 3 Vidal Synopsis Atlas pi. LXXXII , f. D. 4 Hooker f. FI. Br. Ind. 5 (1887) 305. 5 For. FI. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 351. 88 ROBINSON. into sections, although based upon so variable a character as stamens 2-4, and stamens 4—6, seems to hold good. As elsewhere stated, no plant has been found with both 3-anthered and 5-anthered flowers, and no flowers have been found with 4 anthers except on plants which had also flowers with either 3 or 5. Further division is a matter of great difficulty, and is based upon the styles, the most natural character available. In use, its drawbacks are that by the growth of the ovary, the stylar column re- maining nearly unchanged or withering, the proportions become greatly changed ; further, that very slight differences at the apex make it subconic, cylindric, or clavate, changes not unlikely to be produced by pressure in drying or otherwise. It is difficult to resist the conviction that such species as G. album, G. tricliogynum, and G. latistylum, which have nearly as great a stylar variation as that of the genus, have nevertheless had a comparatively recent common ancestry. The entire series seems to show that it is emerging from a state of great instability, the species tending to differentiation by means of the styles, and from that standpoint the present attempt at classification has been made. KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF GLOCHIDION.6 Anthers 4-G, usually 5, never 3. (§ Euglochidion.) Styles free, longer than the ovary 1. G. quinquestylum Styles often becoming free, shorter than the glabrous ovary.. 2. G. urophylloides Styles forming a definite column. Stylar column thicker above, ovary glabrous 3. G. lancifolium Stylar column not thicker above, ovary pubescent. Ovary 4- or 5-celled 4. G. angulatum Ovary I0-12-celled 5. G. littorale Anthers 2-4, usually 3, never 5. ( § Hemiglochidion. ) Styles free. Styles narrowed upward G. G. triandrum Styles slightly dilated upward 7. G. psidioides Styles forming a lobed or almost entire column. Stylar column as broad as ovary, strongly constricted at base. Leaf-bases shallowly cordate 8. G. latistylum Leaf-bases acute 9. G. coronulatum Stylar column at base as broad as ovary, not or only slightly constricted. (See also Nos. 19 and 26, if the flowers are very young.) Stylar column nearly same length as ovary. Stylar column wider at apex, deeply lobed. Ovary glabrous 10. G. llanosii Ovary densely pubescent 11. G. molle Stylar column narrowed above. Capsule greatly depressed, the styles forming an apical disk. 12. G. xoilliamsii Capsule slightly depressed, the styles forming an apical point. 13. G. breynioides 6 G. reticulatum is not here included, as its female flowers and capsules are unknown. PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINiE. 89 Stylar column much longer than ovary. Stylar column deeply lobed 14. G. longistylum Stylar column inconspicuously lobed 15. G. trichogynum Stylar column at base narrower than ovary. Stylar column wider at apex. Stylar column at least twice as long as ovary. Capsules less than 1 cm in diameter 16. G. benguetense Capsules 2 cm or more in diameter 17. G. subfalcatum Stylar column about same length as ovary. Capsules small, 4-celled 18. G.mindorense Capsules large, at least 8-celled 19. G. album Stylar column not wider at apex. Stylar column 3 times length of ovary 20. G. luzonense Stylar column little or not longer than ovary. Ovary glabrous. Ovary 5-celled 21. G. camiguinense Ovary 7- or 8-celled 22. G. merrillii Ovary pubescent. Capsules about 6-sulcate. Ovary 3-5-celled. Female perianth-lobes not exceeding 2.5 mm 23. G. rubrum Female perianth-lobes 3.5-4 mm 24. G. malindangen.se Ovary 6-celled 25. G. curranii Capsules 10 or more sulcate 26. G. philippicum 1. Glochidion qu inquestylum Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 303. Arbor: floribus breviter pedicellatis, fasciculatis ; perianthii masculini segmentis 6, antheris 5 ; perianthii feminei segmentis magis coa litis, ovario glabro vel apice minute pubescente, stylis 5 vel rarius 3, 2 mm longis, fere liberis vel liberis, conieis : capsulis depresso-globosis, 8 mm diametro, 5-locularibus ; seminibus 3 mm longis: foliis subdistichis, breviter petiolatis, anguste ellipticis vel anguste oblongis, saepius 7 cm longis, 2.5 cm latis, basi valde inaequilateralibus, altero margine recto, altero incurvato, apice acutis vel obtusis; stipulis crassis, persistentibus, acute aeuminatis, 2 mm longis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8916. This species presents a most puzzling problem, as it is an almost perfect match for G. triandrum, both in its vegetative and floral aspects, except that it has 5 stamens. It was originally so described, and the single male flower upon the specimen in this herbarium confirms the statement. In an examination of a very large number of flowers of this genus, belonging to many species, plants have been found with either 3 or 4 stamens in different flowers, others with either 4 or 5, the former set sometimes also with 2, the latter with 6, but in no single instance have 3-anthered and 5-anthered flowers been found on the same plant. This is the basis for the separation of the sections Euglochidion and Hemiglochidion, and the distinction elsewhere holds well for Philippine material. As between G. quinquestylum and G. triandrum, I can not find a single other character, unless that of the pubescence of the ovary and branchlets; in size, shape, texture, pubescence, petioles, and venation of the leaves, perianth, styles, capsules, seeds, no difference can be detected. The ovary is described as glabrous, all those on the specimen here have passed the early stages and the youngest of them are slightly pubescent, as are 90 ROBINSON. often those of G. triandrum at a similar stage; the stipules in G. triandrum are variable in prominence, and those of G. quinquestylum come well within the limits of their variation, the branchlets of G. quinquestylum are less pubescent than is usual in G. triandrum, but come within the limits of variation in 3-anthered plants. A majority of the collections cited under the latter have male flowers; the others, all fertile, might just as well be placed here, except on grounds of probability. N. v. Shimey, Ig., Benguet. 2. Glochidion urophyl loides Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 300. G. fenicis Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 414. Batanes Islands, Batan Island, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3696 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Aparri, For Bur. 11278 Klemme: Province of Isabela, Casiguran, Bur. Sci. 3113 M earns: Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8677, 8758: Province of Rizal, Montalban, For. Bur. 31f08 Ahern’s collector. The type of G. urophylloides is represented in this herbarium by a leaf-bearing branch with a single female flower, but agrees well with the other Benguet specimen, originally distributed under a different name. The species had been already jflaced by me in the section Euglochidion, on account of the peduncled inflorescence of the latter specimen, which is indicated rather than present in the type, before their identity was suspected with the other specimens here cited, each of which has flowers with 4 or 5 anthers. At this time G. fenicis was held distinct, and of our specimens it has the largest leaves, but it was subsequently agreed that it was cosj>ecific, though the description had gone too far in type to be withheld. If presence of a Latin diagnosis be insisted upon, it takes precedence of the older name. The identity of this species with G. lanceolatum Hayata being suspected, material of the numbers which seemed to me to approach most nearly the descrip- tion of the latter was sent to Dr. Hayata, who has courteously' compared it with the type, and believes that in spite of the similarity the species are distinct, the Formosan plant having larger capsules, less clustered flowers and much smaller leaves. The leaf variation of the species as here interpreted is considerable, the length varying from 5 to 16 cm, and the width from 2 to 6 cm. N. v. Annam, Batanes Islands; Cangil, Neg., Cagayan. 3. Glochidion lancifolium sp. nov. § Euglochidion. Floribus pedunculatis, pedicellatis, perianthii segmentis 6, biseriatis: florum masculinorum antheris 4—6 ; florum femineorum ovariis 5-loculari- bus, columnis stylaribus basi angustatis apic-e incrassatis ovaria juniora aequantibus, mox eis conspieue angustioribus : arbor parva, glabra, foliis oblongis vel lanceolatis, apice breviter acuminatis. Flowers of both sexes in the same or different fascicles, borne on short thickened peduncles usually arising 2-10 mm above the axils, the pedicels of the male flowers about 1 cm long, those of the female flowers 3-5 mm long: perianth of the male flowers 6-parted, the segments of the outer row slightly larger than those of the inner, 2.3 mm long, ovate, rounded at the apex ; anthers 5, more rarely 4 or 6, 0.6 mm long, the connective produced about 0.2 mm : perianth-segments of the female flowers 6, biseriate, lanceolate to ovate, 1.3-1. 5 mm long, rounded and often apicu- late at the apex, ovary glabrous, strongly .10-grooved, in the youngest PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINiE. 91 flowers subglobose, 1 mm in diameter, the stylar column then almost equal to it, crown-shaped, soon by the widening of the ovary much narrower than it and often subhemispherical, 0.8 mm long, 5-grooved : capsules depressed-globose, 4 mm long, 8 mm in diameter, 10-grooved, 5-celled, the seeds 3 mm long. A tree attaining a height of 8 m with a trunk 20 cm in diameter, glabrous throughout, the ultimate branchlets purplish or blackish, angled or very narrowly winged : leaves borne on petioles 4r- 5 mm long, the lamina subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 8.5-12.5 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, at the apex abruptly contracted into a narrow acumen 1 cm long or less, at the equilateral or slightly inequilateral base acute, truncate, or slightly cordate, and when viewed from the upper surface seen to wing the petiole very narrowly, usually to its insertion, the upper surface bluish-green, the under surface usually more or less brownish when dry; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 7-10. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13831 Merritt & Darling: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, For. Bur. 2716 Borden: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. B-ur. 2006 Ahern’s collector ; Bosoboso-Tanay trail, For. Bur. 10041 Curran: Province of Tayabas, Pagbilao, Merrill 1973: Province of Cama- rines, Nueva Caceres, For. Bur. 10427 Curran ; Pasacao, Ahern 202. Guimaras, Nagaba, For. Bur. 297 Gammill (type). Mindoro, Iriron, For. Bur. 8852 Merritt. Closely allied to O. zeylanicum (Gaertn. ) A. Juss., of which I have no material for comparison. To W. W. Smith, Esq., of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, I am greatly indebted for the following note. “For. Bur. 29 7 Gammill does not agree with our (3) types of this (S. India, Perrottet’s collection), it has quite a different facies and all ours are besides very pubescent. G. nitidum Dalz. & Gibs., ( considered a glabrous state of G. zeylanicum by Hooker but not by King ) , is still more distinct.” N.v. Dampul, Tag., Tayabas; Cacana, Tag., Rizal; Mamhulao or Sibulao, Vis., Guimaras. 4. Glochidion angulatum sp. nov. § Euglochidion. Arbor parva vel frutex pubescens : floribus numerosis, pedicellatis, pedunculis extra-axillaribus suffultis ; masculinis pedicellis 8-10 mm longis suffultis, antheris 4 vel 5 ; femineis pedicellis brevioribus cras- sioribus suffultis, ovario depresso-globoso, pubescente, 4- vel 5-loculari, columna stylari subovoidea : foliis lanceolatis vel ellipticis, basi rotundatis vel acutis, apice breviter acuminatis. Flowers in subumbellate fascicles, borne on peduncles 5-7.5 mm long, inserted above the leaf-axils, a few fascicled male flowers rarely interven- ing, both sexes often in the same fascicle : male flowers borne on slender pedicels 8-10 mm long, perianth-segments 6, in two rows, ovate or elliptic, the apex rounded or acuminate, those of the outer 2-2.5 mm long, the inner somewhat smaller; anthers 4 or 5, 1 mm long, the connectives shortly produced: female flowers on stouter pedicels 2,5-3 mm long, perianth-segments 6, in two rows, similar to those of the male; ovary depressed-globose, 1.5-2 mm in diameter, pubescent, 4- or 5-celled; stylar 92 ROBINSON. column broadly ovate in outline, 0.5-1 mm long, 1 mm in diameter at the base, obscurely lobed: capsules thick-walled, depressed-globose, slightly grooved, 4 mm long, attaining a diameter of 7.5 mm, 4- or 5-celled, pubescent. A shrub or small tree, more or less densely covered with short pub- escence in all its parts, its branchlets angled; leaves borne on petioles 4-7 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, 10-14 cm long, 3. 5-6. 5 cm wide, the nearly equilateral base acute or rounded, the apex obtusely acuminate, the under surface nearly glabrous except on the principal veins; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 6-9; stipules thick, lanceolate, falcate, 2 mm long. Leyte, Palo, Elmer 7279. Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, De Vore <& Hoover 213: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens, s. n. : District of Zam- boanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 91,87 Whitford c£- Hutchinson (type). Basilax, Santa Isabela, DeVore & Hoover 21. Probably most closely allied to G. hirsutum Muell.-Arg. 5. Glochidion littorale Blume Bijdr. (1825) 585. Phyllanthus littoralis Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 370. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucena, Whitford 596 ; Gumaca, Whitford 895. Mindoro, Baco, Merrill 1230; Pola, Merrill 2391; Bongabong River, For. Bur. 1,115 Merritt; Selonay River, For. Bur. 5319 Merritt. Panay, Capiz, Copeland 12 7. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Surigao, Ahern 502, 526; Placer, Ahern 1,02. The Philippine specimens agree well one with another, and almost as well with the descriptions of Blume and Mueller. The anthers on different plants run 4 or 5, 5, 5 or 6, 6. N.v. Sagasa, Bugnay, Cayongcong, Vis.. Surigao. India and Malaysia. 6. Glochidion triandrum comb. nov. Kirganelia triandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 711. Phyllanthus triandrus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 379. Glochidion eleutherostylum Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 69. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, For. Bur. 11,27 Ahern’s collector, Leiberg 6106: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Merrill . 1882: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 509 : Province of Tayabas, Gumaca, Whitford 885; Malicboi, For. Bur. 10751 Curran, Ritchie 8 M; Guinayangan, Merrill 2058: Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 161: Province of Albay, Batan Island, Batan, Bur. Sci. 6229 Robinson. Guimaras, Nagaba, For. Bur. 318 Gammill. Negros, Namunbon, For. Bur. 11232 Everett. Mindoro, Mount Teluto, For. Bur. 111,31 Merritt. N.v. Bagna, Tag., Bataan, Rizal; Alipote, Dampol, Tag., Tayabas. 7. Glochidion psidioides sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. F rutex, ramulis dense pubescentibus ; floribus axillaribus, dense con- gests; floribus masculinis pedicellis hirsutis 3-4 mm longis suffultis, perianthii lobis elliptico-lanceolatis, 2 mm longis, antheris 3 ; floribus femineis subsessilibus, perianthii lobis 6, valde imbricatis, oblanceolatis vel lineari-oblanceolatis, 2 mm longis, ovario 0.5 mm longo, apice except© glabro, stylis 5, liberis, basi ovarium latitudine aequantibus, supra paullo PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINLE. 93 latioribus, 1 mm longis; foliis ellipticis, elliptico-lanceolatis vel ovatis, 2-5 cm longis, 15-22 mm latis. Flowers of both sexes somewhat crowded in the leaf-axils : male flowers borne on comparatively stont hirsute pedicels 3-4 mm long; perianth- segments 6, elliptic-lanceolate, 2 mm long, hirsute on the outer surface, obtuse or shortly acuminate at the apex ; anthers 3, 1 mm long : female flowers subsessile, perianth-segments 6, strongly imbricate, oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 2 mm long, hirsute on both surfaces but only slightly on the inner; ovary glabrous except at the apex, 0.5 mm long, 10-sulcate; styles 5, free but close together, leaving an opening at the somewhat thickened apex, together equaling the ovary in width, 1 mm long, densely hirsute. A shrub 2 m high, its branchlets somewhat flexuose, densely fer- ruginous-pubescent; leaves resembling those of Psiclium guajava, borne on short petioles, the lamina coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, rarely ovate, 2-5 cm long, 15-22- mm wide, usually inequilateral, at both ex- tremes acute or obtuse, both surfaces more or less pubescent; stipules lanceolate, subacute, nearly 2 mm long. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, For. Bur. J/856 Curran. A very distinct species, allied to G. malabaricum Bedd. N.v. Anam, Ig., Benguet. 8. Glochidion latistylum sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, masculinis pedicellis usque ad 2.5 cm longis suifultis; perianthii segmentis 6, 2 mm longis, oblanceolatis rarius ellipticis, antheris 3 ; floribus femineis pedicellis 6 mm longis suffultis, perianthii segmentis 6, anguste lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis, ovario depresso-globoso, 1.3 mm diametro, columa stylari basi vakle constricta, ovario aequilata sed dimidio longiore, apice sulcata, umbilicata; c-apsulis magnis, umbilicatis, 7-11-locularibus : foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, magnis. Male flowers borne on slender pedicels which attain a length of 2.5 cm and are pubescent except near their base; perianth-segments 6, thick, somewhat exceeding 2 mm in length, oblanceolate or rarely elliptic, the base acuminate, the apex cuspidate, pubescent on the outer surafce; anthers 3, 1 mm long, not including the produced connectives : female flowers on stouter pubescent pedicels attaining 6 mm in length, the perianth-segments 6, narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2.5-3 mm long, pubescent on both surfaces ; ovary densely but inconspicuously pubescent, 0.8 nun long, 1.3 mm in diameter, stylar column as wide as the ovary but one-and-a-half times as long, .strongly constricted at the base, globose- ovate in outline, pubescent except at the glabrous truncate umbilicate obscurely many-notched apex: capsules densely short-pubescent, 1.5 cm long, exceeding 2 cm in diameter, 7-11-angled with corresponding inter- vening grooves, 7-11-celled, umbilicate at the apex; seeds 7 mm long, the testa dark-red, minutely granular. 94 ROBINSON. Probably a shrub, the branchlets more or less angled, striate, fer- ruginous-pubescent: leaves borne on petioles 3-4 mm long, the lamina coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, attaining a length of at least 17 cm, 6-8 cm wide, the more or less inequilateral base shallowly cordate, the upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, the under surface pubescent; lateral veins about 10 ; stipules obliquely linear-lanceolate, 6 mm long, pubescent. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 340. In general appearance similar to (7. album and G. trichogynum, but distin- guished by the very striking character of the stylar column. 9. Glochidion coronulatum sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Floribus breviter pedicellatis, perianthii segmentis 6, staminibus 3, ovario depresso-globoso, minute puberulo, columna stylari ovario simili, 6-lobata : f oliis ellipticis vel ovalibus, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis. Flowers few in a fascicle, borne on pedicels about 1 mm long : perianth- segments of the male flowers 6, in two rows, ovate or broadly ovate, the apex very shortly obtusely acuminate, the largest about 1 mm long; stamens 3, with the produced connective 0.8 mm long : perianth-segments of the female flowers also 6, in two rows, ovate, the apex obtusely acum- inate, attaining 2 mm in length; ovary depressed-globose, at anthesis about 1 mm in diameter, stylar column similar to the ovary in size and outline or very slightly longer, constricted at the junction, separable for a variable distance from the apex into usually 6 slightly notched lobes, umbilicate, its base and the ovary minutely pubescent: capsules red, minutely pubescent or glabrescent, deeply 5-7-lobed, 5-7-celled, the style persisting in the umbilicate apex ; seeds 4 mm long. A shrub or tree, 3 m high, its terete or somewhat angled branches covered with grayish-brown or brown bark, more or less striate and lenti- cellate, the vegetative parts glabrous at least when mature: leaves borne on petioles 2—4 mm long, the lamina subcoriaceous, elliptic or oval, 4-8 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, the base acute, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate ; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 6-8 ; stipules lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 1 mm long. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Vintar, For. Bur. 13937 (type), 12498 Merritt & Darling : Province of Benguet, Sablan River, Baguio, Bur. Sci. 5830 Ramos. Similar in general appearance to G. rubrum and G. merrillii, but distinguished by the stylar colum. 10. Glochidion Ilanosii Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 68. Phyllanthus Ilanosii Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. Kirganelia villosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 712, nec Glochidion villosum Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) 376, nec Phyllanthus villosus Poir. Encvcl. 5 (1804) 297. Phyllanthus pubescens Klotzsch in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19 Suppl. 1 (1843) 420, non Moon Cat. PI. Ceyl. (1824) 65. Glochidion molle Merr. For. Bur. Bull. (Philip.) 1 (1903) 29, non Blume Bijdr. (1825) 586. PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHIN7E. 95 Phyllanthus mollis F.-Vill. Noviss. App. FI. Philip. (1883) 188, quoad syn- onyma saltern, non Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Nagpartian, For. Bur. 15523 Merritt & Darling: Province of Zambales, Subig, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 3131, Elmer 6860, For. Bur. 1174 Borden, For. Bur. 2289 Meyer: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3349 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1014 Ramos: Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 73 (not 173). Bohol, Guindulman, Bur. Sci. 1236 McGregor. Very closely allied to G. molle Blume, distinguished not only by the glabrous ovary, but by the shorter, less deeply cut, and wider perianth-segments. N. v. Camias camiasan, Tag., Rizal; Banitan, Talicud, Tag., Bataan. 11. Glochidion molle Blume Bijdr. (1825) 586. Phyllanthus mollis Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9161 Whitford <£ Hutchinson. Basilan, Santa Isabela, DeVore & Hoover 63, Hallier s. n. Mala- maui, Moseley (Challenger Expedition) s. n. N. v. Bugna, Moro, Basilan. Java, Celebes. 12. Glochidion williamsii C. B. Robinson in Philip. Jour. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 199. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Williams 953, For. Bur. 4927 Curran: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5097 Ramos: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Whitford 1172, 1327, s. n. The stylar column forms a continuation of the ovary, the styles curving inward and usually downward at the apex, leaving a central depression; the capsules are strongly depressed, 8-9 mm in diameter, 4-6-celled, 8-12-lobed, at the apex with a circular disk, concave at least near its margins, formed from the stylar column. It has been a matter of doubt whether this was really a normal state, but the capsules mature, and the same structure has been found in different localities. The original description of the capsules does not apply, having been taken from a plant now referred to a different species. N. v. Sanglc, Ig., Benguet. 13. Glochidion breynioides sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Floribus fasciculatis, axillaribus, pedicellis superne dilatatis suffultis, perianthii segmentis utriusque sexus lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, antheris 3 ; ovario glabra, coliimna stylari ei subsequilata, ovoidea ; foliis lanceolatis vel ellipticis, basi insequilateralibus, obtusis vel acutis, apice acuminatis. Flowers -usually few in a fascicle, those of both sexes borne on pedicels 3-4.5 mm long, those of the female conspicuously thicker above, usually on very short axillary peduncles ; perianth-segments of the male flowers 6, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.2-1. 5 mm long, obtuse at the apex ; anthers 3, 1 mm long including the connectives : female flowers with perianth like the males; ovary glabrous, depressed-globose, stylar column at the base slightly wider or slightly narrower than the ovary, nearly ovate in outline, truncate above, about the same length as the ovary, 5- or 6-grooved, with as many inconspicuous intervening grooves : capsules depressed-globose, glabrous, 7 mm in diameter, 5- or 6-celled, the outer walls thin. 96 ROBINSON. A tree attaining a height of 15 m and a trunk diameter of 25 cm, its branchlets covered with yellowish-brown bark, terete, only slightly striale : leaves borne on petioles 3-5 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, often oblique, 3. 5-7. 5 cm long, 1.5-3. 5 cm wide, the base in- equilateral, usually strongly, rounded on one or both sides, the apex acum- inate, the under surface paler than the upper, often glaucous; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 6 or 7. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Balitny River, For. Bur. 1\01$ Merritt & Darling: Province of Pangasinan, Eguia, For. Bur. 8290 Curran cC- Merritt: Province of Rizal, Mount Santander, Bur. Sci. 3285 Ramos : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2772 Meyer: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10528 Curran. Mindoro, Mountain southeast of Abra de Hog, For. Bur. 8781 Merritt (type) ; near Naujan, For. Bur. 8781 Rosenbluth. Very similar in general appearance to G. triandrum, but at once distinguished by the styles; much more closely allied to G. mindorense, which seems to differ by having larger very nearly equilateral leaves borne on thicker petioles, by having a slightly pubescent ovary, styles thicker at the apex than at the base, and pedicels of equal diameter throughout ; it is sufficiently separated from G. camiguinense by its capsules. N. v. Baguiroro, Bie., Sorsogon. 14. Glochidion longistylum sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Frutex, ramulis substrigosis : floribus breviter pedicellatis ; perianthii masculini segmentis 6, lanceolatis vel ovatis, 1.5 mm longis, antheris 3; perianthii feminei lobis 6, lanceolatis, 2.5 mm longis, ovario parvo, sub- globoso, glabro, 4-loculari, in columnam stylarem 4 mm longam, 4-fidam vix angustato : foliis elliptico-laneeolatis, 7-10 cm longis, 3 cm latis, venis utrinque 7 vel 8 ; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis, 4 mm longis. Flowers axillary, fascicled, the male borne on pedicels not exceeding 1.5 mm in length, the female subsessile : perianth-segments of the male flowers 6, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5 mm long, obtuse at the apex; anthers 3 : perianth-segments of the female flowers 6, 2.5 mm long, lanceolate, obtuse or subacute at the apex, their outer surface hirsute especially on or near the midvein, and the outer often ciliate on the margins ; ovary subglobose, 0.6 mm in diameter, 8-grooved, 4-cellecl, passing with hardly any constric- tion into a stylar column of almost equal diameter, 4 mm long, its lower half or more entire, then forming 4 lobes, all or some of which are again 2-lobed for nearly 0.5 mm at the apex, the ovary glabrous but the basal third of the stylar column tomentellose. A shrub 3 m high, its branchlets dark-gray, striate, the younger sub- strigose, the older subglabrous : leaves borne on rather stout- petioles 3—4 mm long, the lamina coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, 7-10 cm long, about 3 cm wide, the base subacute and slightly decurrent, the margins often revolute and when dry wavy, at the apex narrowed into an acute acumen about 1 cm long, the upper surface plumbeous, the under when dry brown, both surfaces glabrescent or with scattered hairs; primary lateral veins PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTlIINiE. 97 on each side of the midrib 7 or 8, those in the middle of the leaf about 1.5 cm apart, forming a definite lateral vein about 3 mm from the margin; stipules acicular-lanceolate, 4 mm long, substrigose. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Balimbraya, Bur. Sci. 5057 Ramos. Allied to G. triandrum, but differing in the stylar column, the pedicels, the shape, texture and venation of the leaves. 15. Glochidion trichogynum Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 66. Phyllanthus trichogynus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 380. Mindoro, Baco, Merrill 1235, McGregor 134, 208; Pola, Merrill 2204; Bonga- bong River, For. Bur. 3621, 3624, 3645, 3744 Merritt. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Cuming 1610: Lake Lanao, Camp Keitliley, Mrs. Clemens 302, s. n.: District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9009 Whitford & Hutchinson; Sax River, Williams 2199. Palawan, Mount Pulgar, Bur. Sci. 600 Foxworthy. The leaf of Cuming’s number, which represents the type collection in this herbarium, is more pubescent than those of any of the others here cited, they being glabrous with one exception which approaches the type in this respect. All agree well in the character of the style, and while the leaves are variable in size and shape, they have a strong general likeness, which would be more satisfying if those of G. album did not parallel them. These two species can not possibly be united without abandoning the last hope of separating Hemiglochidion into subsections. N. v. Tabangan, Tagb., Palawan. 16. Glochidion benguetense Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 304. G. sablanense Elmer l. c. 306. Frutex, ramulis griseis plus minusve luteo-pubescentibus ; fioribus axillaribus faseiculatis vel solitariis, masculinis pedicellis 6-8 mm longis suffultis, perianthii segmentis 6, antheris 3 ; fioribus femineis subsessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, perianthii segmentis 6, lanceolatis, pubescentibus, ovario dense pubescente, columna stylari 2 mm longa, ovario bis aequante, media inferiore parte cyliBdracea, pubescente, superiore media parte dilatata, glabra, 4 sulcos conspicuos et 4 sulcos intermedios inconspicuos possidente, 4-apiculata ; capsula depresso-globosa, 7-8 mm diametro : foliis chartaceis, oblique lanceolatis vel ellipticis, 1-7 cm longis, 0.6-2. 5 cm latis, basi saepius inaequilateralibus, apice conspicue acuminatis vel fere acutis, mucronatis, venis utrinque 5-7. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8665, 8770; Sablan, Williams 1380; Trinidad to Tabio, For. Bur. 15941 Bacani: Province of Tayabas, Mount Banahao, Whitford 996. It seems impossible to separate the two series of plants here considered, although at first sight they seem to differ in the size petioles texture and apices of the leaves. The flowers _are quite the same, and the additional collections here enumerated unite the types in every particular. The description suggests close alliance with G. velutinum Wight, of India, and T am further indebted to Mr. Smith for the following. “Of the 4 allied specimens forwarded none come near typical G. velutinum (nepalense) . The type specimens of Wight and Wallicli of this species are quite distinct from these Philippine ones, larger and very pubescent.” N. v., Sanglce, Ig., Benguet. 80915 7 98 ROBINSON. 17. Glochidion subfalcatum Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 305. Arbor ramosa, divaricata: floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, mascu- linis pedieellis pubescentilms usque ad (I mm longis suffultis, perianthii segmentis 6, biseriatis, subaequalibus, ovalibus vel ell ipticis, 1.5 mm longis, extus pubescentilms, apice rotundatis vel breviter acuminatis, antheris 3, 0.7 mm longis; floribus femineis pedieellis pubescentilms usque ad 3 mm longis suffultis, periantliio circiter 3 mm longo, irregulariter 6-lobato, ovario dense pubescente, depresso-globoso, baud sulcato, 1 mm longo, 1.5 mm diametro, columna stylari pubescente, 2.5 mm longa, clavata, apice 0.7 mm lata, 3-fida, infra tertiam superiorem partem ad 0.5 mm angustata, basi non constricta : capsulis glabris vel subglabris, 7-8 mm longis, 2-3 cm diametro, apice foveolatis, 5-locularibus, circiter 10-sulcatis, apice plus minus alte dehiscentibus, valvis liberatis ascenden- tibus: foliis petiolis 3-5 mm longis suffultis, laminis subcoriaceis vel coriaceis, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, 10—15 cm longis, 3. 5-4. 5 cm latis, basi valde inaequilateralibus, altero latere aeutis, altero rotundatis truncatis vel subcorclatis, apice breviter acuminatis, saepius subfalcatis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8915; Sablan, Elmer 6189, 6221: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Williams 7 15. 18. Glochidion mindorense sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Arbor glabra, ovariis exceptis: floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, mascu- linis pedieellis brevibus suffultis, perianthii segmentis 6, elliptieis, obtusis, antheris 3 : floribus femineis pedieellis brevibus suffultis vel subsessilibus, perianthii segmentis oblongis vel lanceolatis, ovario minute pubescente, columna stylari breviter clavata, ovario aequilonga seel angustiore: foliis breviter petiolatis, ehartaceis, elliptieis vel ovatis, basi aeutis, apice acu- minatis; stipulis lanceolatis. Flowers axillary, few in a fascicle, the sexes often intermixed, the male borne on pedicels 2-3 mm long, the female nearly sessile or on pedicels attaining 4 mm : perianth-segments of the male flowers 6, biseriate, obtuse at the apex, elliptic, 1.5 mm long, the inner narrower; anthers 3, 0.6 mm long, including the very shortly produced connectives : perianth-segments of the female flowers 6, biseriate, those of the outer row oblong, those of the inner lanceolate, 2.5 mm long; ovary depressed-globose, 1.5 mm in diameter, minutely pubescent, stylar column shortly clavate, like the ovary 1 mm in length, but narrower than it, minutely pubescent at the base, glabrous at the obscurely 4-grooved slightly umbilicate apex : capsules glabrous or nearly so, depressed-globose, 6 mm in diameter, 4-celled. A tree attaining a height of 4 m, with a trunk 10 cm in diameter, the vegetative parts glabrous; leaves borne on petioles 2-4 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, elliptic to ovate, 7-11 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, some- what decurrent at the acute base, acuminate and mucronate at the apex ; PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINZG. 99 primary lateral veins on each side of the miclrib 5-7 ; stipules lanceolate, 1 mm long. Mindoro. Magasauantubig River, For. Bur. 12031 Merritt (type) ; without locality, For. Bur. 12223 Rosenbluth. 19. Glochidion album Boerl. Handl. FI. Ned. Ind. 3 (1900) 275. Kir ganelia alba Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 713. Phyllanthus albus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 387. Zarcoa philippica Llanos in Bot. Zeit. 1 5 (1857) 423; Mem. Real Ac. Ci. Madrid 4 (1858) 501, pi. Glochidion cuminghii Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 61. Phyllanthus cumingii Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 371. Phyllanthus gigantifolius Vidal Revis. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 236. Glochidion leytense Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 303. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 61/48: Province of Zambales, Subig, Uallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Merrill 3162, 3197, 3873, Williams 113, 1/82, Elmer 6663, Whitford 33, For. Bur. 127 Barnes, For. Bur. 1765 Borden, For. Bur. 2221/, 2818 Meyer: Province of Rizal, Montalban, Loher 1/751/; Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3371/ Ahern’s collector; Antipolo, Merrill 1329, 1681 : Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 527 ; Los Banos, Uallier s. n., Alberto s. n. : Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Gregory 67: Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 162, 271. Negros, Gimagaan River, For. Bur. 5220 Aspillera. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2352. Basi- t.ax, Uallier s. n. The more glabrous forms have the following distribution : Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8975: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer s. n. : Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 11/9, 185, 825: Prov- ince of Albay, Batan Island, Calanaga Bay, Bur. Sci. 6288 Robinson; Batan, Bur. Bci. 6266 Robinson. Leyte, Palo. Elmer 7377a; Mount Cabalauan, For. Bur. K 121/25 Danao. Dinagat, Ahern 1/60. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Surigao, Ahern 323, 31/3. After repeatedly examining the flowers of all available material, it has seemed necessary to reduce to one species the variable series of forms here represented. The two main types are represented by G. cumingii and G. leytense, the former pubescent,- the latter nearly glabrous, but the differences seem little more serious than the similar ones in G. philippicum. The styles of one extreme are covered at the base by pubescence to such an extent that their real form is obscured, in G. leytense they are. shortly cylindrical and somewhat narrowed at the apex. It is possible to separate the collections not only into two, but perhaps into six or seven series which grade gradually the one into the other. G. leytense has nearly the same range of leaf variation as G. cumingii, but its type has the most ovate leaves of any here cited. A specimen not previously cited, For. Bur. 61/96 Klemme, from Cagayan Province, Luzon, has similar habit, but the styles are more slender, approaching those of G. trichogynum, but too short for that species. There is further difficulty. Kirganelia alba was said to have leaves 3 inches long, but in other respects the description fits this species reasonably well, and as Blanco did not otherwise describe this very common species, the identification, first made by Merrill,7 is very reasonable. Blanco also omitted G. philippicum, equally widely distributed, and he may possibly have confused these two, and Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 75. 100 ROBINSON. described under this name the flowers of the one and the leaves of the other: if so, it is to the present species that his name chiefly belongs. Zarcoa philippica was reduced by F.-Villar to G. philippinense, but it is much better placed here. Mueller’s plant had no male flowers, and owing probably to the large leaves (usually about 8 inches long), he placed G. cumingii in the section Euglochidion. But none of the specimens which best match his type have more than 4 anthers, and the number is nearly always 3. It is curious that Boerlage, in transferring Blanco’s specific name to Giochidion, placed the species in the subsection Holo- glochidion, corresponding to Euglochidion of Mueller. He can therefore hardly have had the same species, but as he cited Kirganelia alba as the original name of the species, liis transfer will stand. G. leytense is to me the extreme variation in the direction of least pubescence, and the most distinct form of the species. There is a further great resemblance in habit to G. trichogynum, but the styles are so very dissimilar that the species can not be united. Yet, even here, there are intermediates, not, however, bridging the gap. N.v. Asanasan, Cag., Cagayan; Kahoy dalaga, Tag., Bataan; Bixia, Pamp., Bataan; Galnag, Malaates, Tag., Rizal; Polopihon, Vis., Negros. More glabrous forms, Bugna, Vis., Dinagat, Surigao; Bagang bagang, Uan-una na puti, Bic., Camarines. 20. Giochidion luzonense Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 301. Frutex, ramulis striatis, dense pubeseentibus ; floribns solitariis — terms., axillaribus; masculinis pedicellis 5-12 mm longis, gracilibus, pubescen- tibus suffultis ; perianthii segmentis 6, valde imbricatis, lanceolatis, apice obtuse acuminatis, hirsutis, antheris 3, 1 mm longis ; floribus femineis sub sessilibus, perianthii segmentis 6, lineari-lanceolatis, 2 mm longis, sub- acutis, hirsutis, ovario depresso-globoso, 1 mm diametro, liirsuto, columna stylari cylindraceo-eonica, supra paullo angustata, hirsuta, apice triloba, ovarium ter aequante; capsulis minus conspicue pubeseentibus, 1 cm dia- metro, 3-locularibus : foliis petiolis brevibus pubeseentibus suffultis, laminis junior ibus membranaceis, senioribus chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, ovatis, subrotundatis, vel ellipticis, 1-6 cm longis, 1-4.5 cm latis, basi truncatis vel lente cordatis, marginibus plus minusve revolutis, apice rotundatis, obtusis, vel breviter acuminatis, superiore pagina plus minusve puberulis, senioribus saepe scabridis, pagina inferiore sericeis, sub basi 3-7-nerviis, his inclusis venis reticulatis utrinque 4-9 ; stipulis lineari- lanceolatis, 2 mm longis. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, For. Bur. 13993 Merritt cG Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, Baranas, For. Bur. IJ/OS.1/ Merritt cG Darling: Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 891i-7 (type collection): Province o.f Union, Bauang, Elmer 5631: Province of Zambales, Subig, Eallier s. n.: Province of Tarlac, Concepcion, Merrill 3633: Province of Bataan, Dinalupijan, Merrill 1581. N.v. Pidpid, II.: Butpat, Ig., Benguet: Gacadli, Tag., Bataan. 21. Giochidion camiguinense Merr. in Philip. Jour. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 414. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin Island, Bur. Sci. If026, 1/10S Fenix. 22. Giochidion merrillii sp. nov. § Hemiglocliidion. Floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, breviter pedicellatis ; masculini perianthii segmentis 6, biseriatis, circiter 2 mm longis, ovalis vel ovatis, PHILIPPINE PH YLLA NTITIN2E. 101 antheris 3 : perianthii feminei segmentis 6, brevioribus, ovario glabro, columna stylari ovario angustiore sed longiore, cylindracea; capsulis 7- vel 8-locularibus : foliis ellipticis vel laneeolatis, saepe falcatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis. Fascicles axillary, few-flowered, the sexes together or separate, the male flowers on pedicels attaining a length of 5 mm, perianth-segments 6, biseriate, the outer ovate or oval, exceeding 2 mm in length, the apex ■rounded or shortly acuminate, the inner shorter and narrower, usually conspicuously clawed at the base; anthers 3, 1.3 mm long, including the very shortly produced connectives : female flowers on shorter pedicels or subsessile, the perianth-segments shorter than in the male, lanceolate or ovate, the apex acuminate; ovary depressed-globose, nearly 1 mm in diameter, stylar column about one and a half times as long as the ovary but narrower, cylindric, deeply concave at the apex : capsules 7- or 8-celled, 1.5 cm in diameter and about half that length, the thin valves widely spreading on dehiscence, the apex slightly umbilicate. A small tree or shrub, glabrous throughout, attaining a height of 7.5 m, its branches somewhat angled, covered with gray striate lenticellate bark : leaves borne on petioles 3 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, often somewhat falcate, 5-9 cm long, 2-4.2 cm wide, the base usually strongly inequilateral, acute, the apex acuminate ; primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib 7-9 ; stipules lanceolate to ovate, withering persistent, 1.5— 2.5 mm long, acuminate. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon (Santo Tomas), Williams 1356 (type) ; Pauai to Baguio, Merrill 1/80 !/■ 23. Glochidion rubrum Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 586. Phyllanthus diversifolius Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 448. Glochidion diversifolium Merr. in For. Bur. Bull. (Philip.) 1 (1905) 29. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte (also given as Province of Albay), Cuming 1191/ J Pasuquin, For. Bur. 13818 Merritt & Darling: Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 6364: Province of Zambales, Bio Baquilis, For. Bur. 6998 Curran ; Subig, Hallier s. n., For. Bur. 314 Maule, Merrill 2106: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao Biver, Whitford 1216: Province of Bizal, Bosoboso, Merrill 1810; Malapadnabato, Merrill 2141 ■' Province of Tayabas, Pagbilao, Merrill 21/25. Ticao, Pandan, For. Bur. 2535 Clark. Bohou, Guinduhnan, Bur. Sci. 121/0 McGregor. Mindoro, Mangarin, For. Bur. 9803 Merritt. Mindanao, Dis- trict of Zamboanga, Lunsugan, Ahern 611, 616. N. v. Carmay, Gagang haquiro, Tag., Zambales; Dampol, Tag., Tayabas; Malacapi, Tag., Bizal; Malatumhaga, Tag., Bataan; Bugna, Vis., Ticao. Malaysia. 24. Glochidion malindangense Merr. sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Frutex, ramulis pubescentibus : inflorescentiis peclunculatis ;, floribus masculinis mediocriter pedicellatis, pubescentibus, perianthii segmentis 6, lanceolatis, 1.5 mm longis, antheris 3; floribus femineis brevissime pedi- cellatis, pubescentibus, perianthii segmentis 6, lineari-lanceolatis, 4 mm longis, ovario dense hirsuto, 4- vel 5-loculari, columna stylari subcylin- 102 ROBINSON. dracea, ovarium longitudine aequante seel angustiore, apice 8- vel lO-lo- bata; caps ul is circiter 1 cm cliametro: foliis lanceolatis vel ellipticis, apice grada t i m ac-um i natis . Inflorescence nearly always borne on short pubescent peduncles, the male flowers on pedicels 4-1 mm long, the female nearly sessile, rarely the male flowers racemed on the lower part of the peduncle and the female forming glomerulus above: perianth-segments of the male flowers 6, lanceolate, 1.5 mm long, hirsute without, obtuse; anthers 3, the connective produced : perianth -segments of the female flowers conspicuously longer than those of the male, usually 4 mm, hirsute on both surfaces, lanceolate, subacute; ovary densely pubescent, 1-2 mm in diameter, 4- or 5-sulcate; stylar column about as long as the ovary, hut narrower, short cylinclric, the basal half hirsute, the upper glabrous and therefore appearing narrower, 8- or 10-lobed : capsules about I cm in diameter, depressed- globose and at the apex somewhat umhilicate, slightly pubescent, 4- or 5-celled, only one ovule usually maturing, the seeds 3.5 mm long. A shrub 2 m high, its branch lets terete or slightly angled, densely pubescent or the older glabrescent ; leaves borne on petioles 2 mm long, the lamina chartaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5-8 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, at the acute or obtuse base somewhat inequilateral, the apex gradually acuminate, mucronate, the upper surface more or less puberu- lent, the lower lepidote, and on the veins hirsute ; stipules 2 mm long, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Libo near Mount Malindang, at an elevation of 1,650 in. For. Bar. 4696 M ear ns <£• Hutchinson. 25. Glochidion curranii sp. nov. § Hemiglochidion. Arbor vel arbuscula, floribus axillaribus, peclicellatis, femineis brevis- sime : floribus masculinis perianthio 6-partito, segmentis ovalibus, ex- terioribus 3 mm longis, interioribus 1.5 mm longis; antheris 3: floribus femineis perianthio 6-partito ; ovario depresso-globoso, dense pubesc-ente, columna stylari cylindracea, 0.5-0. 8 mm longa, capsulis depresso-globosis, minute pubescentibus, 12—14 mm diametro: foliis petiolis 4-5 mm longis suffultis, laminis coriaceis, glabris, ellipticis, ovalibus, ovatis, vel sub- rotundis, basi decurrentibus, apice obtuse acuminatis. Flowers of both sexes in axillary fascicles : male flowers borne on pedicels attaining 7 mm in length; the perianth 6-parted, in 2 series, the segments oval, those of the outer series 3 mm long, those of the inner 1.5 mm long, the latter hooded when young ; anthers 3, 1 mm long, the con- nective distinctly produced : pedicels of female flowers very short but stout, perianth 6-parted but not as deeply as in the male, 2-3 mm long, the inner segments somewhat shorter than those of the outer row, broadly ovate, at the apex obtusely acuminate; ovary depressed-globose, densely pubescent, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter; the stylar column 0.5-0. 8 mm long, cylindric, 6-lobed, the lobes emarginate : capsules depressed- PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHINiE. 103 globose, light-brown, 5 mm long, 12-14 mm in diameter, minutely pubes- cent, 12-grooved, 6-celled; seeds 4-5 mm long. A tree or bush attaining 10 m in height, the branchlets covered with grayish or brownish, striate, lenticellate bark, the ultimate branchlets usually strongly angled; glabrous or nearly so except the pedicels, perianth, and ovary: leaves borne on petioles 4-5 mm long, the lamina coriaceous, oval, elliptic, ovate, or nearly round, 6—12 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, the base acuminate and narrowly winging the petioles sometimes to their insertions, the apices obtusely acuminate; pairs of lateral veins on each side of the midrib 6-9. Similar in general appearance to G. rubrum, most easily distinguished by the larger flowers. Palawan, Puerto Princesa and vicinity. For. Bur. 3502 (type) Curran, 31/ 7 1/ Curran, Bur. . Sci. 235 Mangubat ; Iwahig River, Merrill 690, Bur. Sci. 783 Foxwortliy ; Malatgao River, Bur. Sci. 906 Foxworthy. 26. Glochidion philippicum Bentli. FI. Hongkong. (1861) 314. ( G . philip- pinense.) Braclleia philippica Cav. Ic. 4 (1797) 48, pi. 371. Bradleja philippensis Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 592. Gyrostemon blancoi Llanos Frag. Alg. PL Filip. (1851) 74. Phyllanthus philippinensis Muell.-Arg. in Flora 48 (1865) 376. Luzon, Province of I locos Norte, Bangui, For. Bur. 13919 Merritt tC- Darling: Province of JBenguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 6366 ; Sugpon, For. Bur. 11/115 Merrill <£- Darling: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bambang, For. Bur. 10885 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, Villasis, Alberto 1/2: Province of Zambales, Aglao, For. Bur. 6087 Aguilar; Olangapo trail. For. Bur. 5806 Curran; between Castellejos and Aglao, For. Bur. 581/7 Curran: Province of Bulaean, Angat, For. Bur. 11192 Aguilar; Norzagaray, Yoder 66: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bjtr. 10027 Curran; Antipolo, For. Bur. 1/05 Ahern’s collector; Montalban, Bur. Sci. 5201 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 1/59; Los Banos, Elmer s. n.: Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Whitford 661 : Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 160, 271/. Masbate, Masbate, Merrill 3069. Negros, Province of Negros Occidental, Gimagaan River, For. Bur. 1/311/ Everett; Paglamgan River. For. Bur. 1/315 Everett. Mindoro, Mompong, For. Bur. 9691 Merritt ; Baco, Merrill 1236; Calapan, Merrill 907 ; Pola, Merrill 221/6 ; Bongabong River, For. Bur. 1/076 Merrill, Whitford 1393; Mansalay, Merrill 910. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Surigao, Ahern 31/2: District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2707: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1/70, 600, s. n. : District of Cotabato, Malabang, Mrs. Clemens s. n. : District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 231/8. Basilan, Hallier s. n. In spite of its formation, it seems desirable to restore the original spelling of the specific name of this species, and it may fairly be credited to Bentliam, who first made the necessary transfer, though with a changed ending. The reduction of Llanos’ species is made on his own authority, and his descrip- tion makes it plausible. Zarcoa philippensis Llanos, reduced to this species by F.-Villar, certainly belongs elsewhere. Blanco appears not to have described it. N. v. Bagna, Tag., Rizal; Bugna, Vis., Surigao; Malaysa, Baringcocoron, Zam- bales; M titan g Upon, Tag., Rizal; Calian, Antobanag, Tag., Mindoro; Yamog- yamog, Taquinis, Vis., Negros. Hongkong, Sumatra. 104 ROBINSON. 27. Glochidion reticulatum Elmer Lead. Pliilij?. Bot. 1 (1908) 302. Frutex, ramulis teneris, striatis, plus minusve pubescentibus ; floribus masculinis solitariis vel rarius binis, pedicellis circiter 1 cm longis graci- libus sparse pubescentibus suffultis ; perianthii lobis 6, lanceolatis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, extus sparse liirsutis, margine membranaceis ; antheris 3, 1 mm longis, connectivo conspicue protracto; floribus femineis et cap- sulis ignotis; foliis petiolis 1-2 mm longis suffultis, laminis ovatis vel ellipticis, 3-8.5 cm longis, 2-4 cm latis, aequilateralibus vel subaequi- lateralibus, basi rotundatis vel breviter acuminatis, apice plus minusve abrupte acuminatis; venis utrinque 6-8, subtus conspicuis; stipulis lanceo- latis plus quam 1 mm longis. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer S1S8, Alberto s. n. 7. BREYNIA Foist. Calyx not or very slightly increasing in fruit. Leaves elliptic or oval, rounded at the apex, 4- or 5-veined 1. B. rhamnoides Leaves ovate, acuminate, 6- or 7-veined 2. B. acuminata Calyx distinctly increasing in fruit 3. B. cernua 1. Breynia rhamnoides Muell'.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 5 - (1866) 440. Phyllanthus rhamnoides Betz. Obs. Bot. 5 (1791) 30. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Malinta, Bur. Sci. 6111/ Robinson d- Merritt: Province of Bizal, Manila, Loher 1/737: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Williams IS 7, For. Bur. 1600 Borden: Province of Batangas, Ma- sambong, Marave 90. Apo Island, Mindoro Strait, Merrill 1/30. Negros, Prov- ince of Occidental Negros, Gimagaan River, For. Bur. 1/198 Everett. Cebu, Toledo, Bur. Sci. 1707 McGregor. Mindanao, District of Davao, Davao, Copeland 1/12, DeVore d Hoover 107. Basilan, Santa Isabela, DeYore d Hoover 62. N. v. f'ulugtulug, Vis., Negros; Sauting, Moro, Basilan. Tropical India, China, and Malaysia. 2. Breynia acuminata Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 5 2 (1866) 442. Melanthesa acuminata Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 74. Luzon, Province of llocos Norte, Laoag, For. Bur. 13803 Merritt d Darling; Badoc, For. Bur. 13933 Merritt d Darling: Province of llocos Sur, Mount Bula- gao, For. Bur. 11/062 Merritt & Darling ; Santiago, For. Bur. 11/068, 15651 Merritt d Darling: Province of Benguet, Twin Peaks, Elmer 61/22, 631/3: Province of Zambales, Mount Iba, Bur. Sci. 1/797 Ramos; Subig, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Elmer 6753, Williams 77, Whitford 399, For. Bur. 11/95 Ahern’s collector , For. Bur. 2189, 3009 Meyer, For. Bur. 10797 Curran, Leiberg 6107 ; Cabcaben, For. Bur. 5301 Curran; Dinalupijan, Merrill 1529. Mindoro, Cuming 151/3 (type collection) ; Malatero, For. Bur. 8559 Merritt ; Mount Teluto, For. Bur. 111/32 Merritt. N. v. Malabalimbing, Lanuti, Tag., Bataan; Botonbotones, Mindoro. Endemic. PHILIPPINE PHYLLANTHIN2E. 105 3. Breynia cernua Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 439. ? Phyllanthus cernuus Poir. Encycl. 5 (1804) 298. Melanthesa cernua Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. 3 (1834) 483. B. cernua acutifolia Muell.-Arg. loc. cit. Melanthesa cernua acutifolia Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 32 (1863) 74. Phyllanthus reticulatus Merr. in For. Bur. Bull. (Philip.) 1 (1903) 29, non Poir. Encycl. 5 (1804) 298. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin Island, Bur. Sci. 399 7 Fenix. Batanes Is- lands, Batan Island, Santo Domingo de Basco, Bur. Sci. 3718 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 5587: Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 1/1/21 Mearns; Baguio, Elmer 5957, Williams 1058 ; Cayapa, For. Bur. 10S86 Curran; Loakan. For. Bur. 932 Barnes; Itogon, Bur. Sci. 5756 Ramos: Province of Zambales, Botolan, Merrill 2918; Subig, Eallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Lamao River, Whitford 391, For. Bur. 1357 Borden, Topping 531/; Olangapo trail, For. Bur. 5809 Curran: Province of Isabela, Merrill llllf : Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 51/0; Los Banos, Elmer s. n. : Province of Tayabas, Sariaya, Whitford 565; Lucena, Merrill 2886, Bur. Sci. 2365 Mearns; Atimonan, Gregory 12 1/ ; San Isidro, For. Bur. 6595 Kobbe ; Malicboi, Ritchie 36n: Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 197, 803 bis: Province of Sorsogon, Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10529 Curran: without definite locality, Cuming 1103. Mindoro, Baco River, McGregor 262, Merrill 1198; Balete, For. Bur. 5398 Merritt; Bongabong River, For. Bur. 3633 Merritt. Panay, Iloilo, Copeland 126. Negros, Province of Occidental Negros, Gimagaan River, Whitford 1631. Culion, Halsey Harbor, Merrill 511. Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 23 7 Bermejos ; Iwahig, Bur. Sci. 811 Foxworthy. Mindanao, District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2688: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 181, 1/16 bis, s. n. : District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 211/9 ; Tetuan, Ahern 560. Basilan, Eallier s. n. This species is with difficulty distinguished from B. rhamnoides except by the calyx, and specimens without mature fruit are best told by the leaves, which are nearly always ovate in the present species, but elliptic, oblong, or oval in B. rhamnoides. Timor to northern Australia. 80915- V U O. 83264— ONE. VOL. IV JUNE, 1909 No. 2 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDITED BY PAUL C. FREER, M. D., Ph. D. CO-EDITOR RICHARD P. STRONG, Ph. B., M. D. WITH THE COOPERATION OF E. D. MERRILL, M. S.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. C. B. ROBINSON, Ph. D.; H. N. WHITFORD, Ph. D. PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS C. BOTANY MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1909 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS. Order N0 Bureau of Government Laboratories. * No. 1, 1902, to No. 11,, 190 It. 15. No. 15, 1904, Biological and Serum Laboratories. — Report on Bacillus Violacevus Ma- nila : A Pathogenic Micro-Organism. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. * No. 16, 1901f, Biological Laboratory. — Protective Inoculation against Asiatic Cholera : An Experimental Study. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. 17. No. 17, 190lf. — New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, II. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. * No. 18, 1901f, Biological Laboratory. — I. Amebas : Their Cultivation and Etiologic Significance. By W. E. Musgrave, M. D,, and Moses T. Clegg. II. The Treatment of Intestinal Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) in the Tropics. By W. E. Mus- grave, M. D. 19. No. 19, 1904, Biological Laboratory. — Some Observations on the Biology of the Chol- era Spirillum. By W. B. Wherry, M. D. 20. No. 20, 1904 . — Biological Laboratory: I. Does Latent or Dormant Plague Exist Where the Disease is Endemic? By Maximilian Herzog, M. D., and Charles B. Hare. Serum Laboratory : II. Broncho-Pneumonia of Cattle : Its Association with B. Bovisepticus. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D., and Walter Sorrell, D. V. S. III. Pinto (Pano Blanco). By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. Chemical Laboratory: IV. Notes on Analysis of the Water from the Manila Water Supply. By Charles L. Bliss, M. S. Scrum Laboratory: V. Framboesia : Its Occurrence in Natives in the Philippine Islands. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D. 21. No. 21, 1901f, Biological Laboratory. — Some Questions Relating to the Virulence of Micro-Organisms with Particular Reference to Their Immunizing Powers. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. 22. No. 22, 190lf, Bureau of Government Laboratories. — I. A Description of the New Buildings of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. By Paul C. Freer, M. D„ Ph. D. II. A Catalogue of the Library of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. By Mary Polk, Librarian. * No. 23, 190lf, Biological Laboratory. — Plague : Bacteriology, Morbid Anatomy, and Histopathology (Including a Consideration of Insects as Plague Carriers). By Maximilian Herzog, M. D. 24. No. 21f, 1901f, Biological Laboratory. — Glanders : Its Diagnosis and Prevention (To- gether with a Report on Two Cases of Human Glanders Occurring in Manila and Some Notes on the Bacteriology and Polymorphism of Bacterium Mallei). By William B. Wherry, M. D. 25. No. 25, 1901f. — Birds from the Islands of Romblon, Sibuyan, and Cresta de Gallo. By Richard C. McGregor. ( For first four bulletins of the ornithological series, see Philippine Museum below.) 26. No. 26, 1901f, Biological Laboratory .—The Clinical and Pathological Significance of Balantidium Coli. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. 27. No. 27, 1901f. — A Review of the Identification of the Species Described in Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. 28. No. '28, 190lf. — I. The Polypodiaceae of the Philippine Islands. II. Edible Philip- pine Fungi. By Edwin B. Copeland, Ph. D. 29. No. 29, 1901f. — I. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, III. II. The Source of Manila Elemi. By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. SO. No. 30, 1905, Chemical Laboratory. — I. Autocatalytic Decomposition of Silver Oxide. II. Hydration in Solution. By Gilbert N. Lewis, Ph. D. 31. No. 31, 1905, Biological Laboratory. — I. Notes on a Case of Haematochyluria (To- gether with Some Observations on the Morphology of the Embryo Nematode, Filaria Nocturna). By William B. Wherry, M. D., and John R. McDill, M. D., Manila, P. I. II. A Search into the Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Witte’s “Peptone,” with Special Reference to Its Influence on the Demonstration of the Indol and Cholera- Red Reactions. By William B. Wherry M. D. 32. No. 32, 1905. — Biological Laboratory: I. Intestinal Haemorrhage as a Fatal Com- plication in Amoebic Dysentery and Its Association with Liver Abscess. By Richard P. Strong, M. D. II. The Action of Various Chemical Substances upon Cultures of Amoebae. By J. B. Thomas, M. D., Baguio, Benguet. Biological and Serum Laboratories: III. The Pathology of Intestinal Amoebiasis. By Paul G. Woolley, M. D., and W. E. Musgrave, M. D. 33. No. 33, 1905, Biological Laboratory. — Further Observations on Fibrin Thrombosis in the Glomerular and in Other Renal Vessels in Bubonic Plague. By Maximilian Herzog, M. D. * No. 3lf. 1905. — I. Birds from Mindoro and Small Adjacent Islands. II. Notes on Three Rare Luzon Birds. By Richard C. McGregor. 35. No. 35, 1905. — I. New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, IV. II. Notes on Cuming’s Philippine Plants in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Government Laboratories. III. Hackel, “Notes on Philippine Grasses.” IV. Ridley, “Scitamineas Philippinen- ses. V. Clarke, “Philippine Acanthaceas.” By Elmer D. Merrill, Botanist. 36. No. 36, 1905. — A Hand-List of the Birds of the Philippine Islands. By Richard C. McGregor and Dean C. Worcester. * Report of the Superintendent of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1902. (Appendix M of Third Annual Report of the Philippine Commission.) * Report of the Superintendent of Government Laboratories in the Philippine Islands for the Year Ending September 1, 1903. (Appendix G of the Fourth Annual Report of the Philippine Commission.) 39. Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Bureau of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1904. 40. Fourth Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Bureau of Government Laboratories for the Year Ending August 31, 1905. Bureau of Science — Publications. 101. Price and Exchange List of Philippine Bird Skins in the Collection of the Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I. (Effective January 1, 1908.) 102. No. 1. 1909-- — A Check-List of Philippine Fishes. By David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson. In press. 103. No. 2, 1909- — A Manual of Philippine Birds. By Richard C. McGregor, Parts I and II. A systematic index to the orders, families, and genera. Paper, P8 for the two parts. * Out of print. (Concluded on third page of cover.) THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science C. Botany Yol. IY JUNE, 1909 No. 2 ADDITIONAL PHILIPPINE SYMPLOCACE^E, I. By A. Bkand. (Frankfurt a. d. Oder, Germany.) Among the Symplocos material collected in the Philippines during the years 1907 and 1908, submitted to me by Mr. E. D. Merrill for identification, I have found no less than five new species and one new variety, so that the number of Philippine species of the genus known to me has now been increased to twenty-one.1 Two of the species previously described, 8. floridissima and S. Gumingiana , have been rediscovered for the first time by the American botanists. The new species all belong to the section Bobua, and accordingly the key to the species given in my previous paper 2 must be changed as follows : 1. Inflorescentiae eompositae. 2. Folia ramis adpressa, imbricata - - 3. 8. imbricata 2. Folia patentia, hand imbricata. 3. Corolla extus sericea. 4. Stamina ea. 100; folia basi valde angustata 4. 8. patens 4. Stamina ca. 60; folia basi plerumque rotundata 5. 8 . floridissima 3. Corolla extus glabra. 4. Stamina ca. 100 6. 8. polyandra 4. Stamina 25-50. 5. Inflorescentiae glabrae - — 7. 8. Hutchinsonii 5. Inflorescentiae pilosae. 6. Fructus globosus. 7. Inflorescentiae axillares 8. 8. ferruginea 7. Inflorescentiae terminales 9. 8. Ahernii 6. Fructus ellipsoideus 10. 8. adenopliylla 1 Three species, Symplocos fragrans, 8. curtiflora, and 8. angularis, recently described by Mr. Elmer in his Leaflets of Philippine Botany, 2 (1908) 508-510, are at present known to me only by description. 2 This Journal, 3 (1908) Botany 4. 83264 107 108 BRAND. 1. Inflorescentiae simplices. 2. Flores sub foliis prominentes 11. S. oblongifolia 2. Flores in axillis foliorum. 3. Inflorescentiae terminales 12. S. imperialis 3. Inflorescentiae axillares. 4. Ramuli glabri. 5. Folia cliartacea 13. 8. betula 5. Folia coriacea. 6. Flores racemosi 14. 8. peninsularis 6. Flores spicati. 7. Folia 6-11 cm longa - - 15. 8. Cumingiana 7. Folia 3-5.5 cm longa 16. 8. Whitfordii 4. Ramuli ferruginei vel pilosi. 5. Fructus inconspicuus, vix 2.5 mm in diametro 17. S. inconspicua 5. Fructus 4-5 mm longus. C. Folia pleraque plus quam 4 cm longa. 7. Folia coriacea - 18. 8. luzoniensis 7. Folia cliartacea 19. 8. Merrilliana 6. Folia pleraque minus quam 4 cm longa. 7. Folia utrinque glaberrima 20. 8. palawanensis 7. Folia plus minus pilosa.... 21. 8. depauperata 3. S. imbricata Brand sp. nov. Arbor ramulis purpureis vel atro-purpureis, glabris. Folia crasse coriacea, ramulis aclpressa et imbricata, 5-6 cm longa, 2.5—4 cm lata, ovata vel late ovata, serrato-dentata, utrinque glaberrima, in apicem brevem subito producta, basi leviter cuneata vel truncata, costa supra impressa; petiolus 5-10 mm longus. Spieae terminales et subterminales, compositae, glabriusculae, laxiflorae, petiolo multo longiores, fructiferae incrassatae et elongatae; bracteae 3, ovato-rotundatae, sericeae, calycem occultantes ; calycis tubus brevissimus, glaber, lobi rotundati, obtusi, sericei, tubo multo longiores, post deflorationem supra ovarium glabrum convergentes ; stylus glaber, catyce duplo longior; corolla mihi non visa. Fructus niger, ovato-ampulliformis, 10-12 mm longus, valde rugosus, glaber, trilocularis, sed loculis binis plus minus abortientibus ; lobi calycini discum comose superantes. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. lfiOl Ramos, December, 1907 : Province of Benguet, Pauai, Bur. Sci. J/JflG Stearns, August, 1907, with mature fruit, altitude 2,200 m. 5. S. fioridissima Brand in Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 35, var. serrata var. nov. Arbor ramulis atro-purpureis glabris. Folia tenuiter coriacea, 10-13 cm longa, 4—7 cm lata, ovalia vel elliptica, grosse serrata, utrinque glabra, in apicem brevem subito producta, basi nunc rotundata, nunc cuneata; petiolus ca. 2 cm longus. Paniculae puberulae, petiolo 4-6-plo longiores, pedicellis calycem aequantibus vel superantibus; bracteae mini- mae; calyx dense ferrugineus, lobis rotundato-triangularibus tubum aequantibus ; corolla calyce duplo longior, 5-partita, extus sericea ; stamina ADDITIONAL PHILIPPINE SYMPLOCACEJG, I. 109 ca. 60; stylus glaber, calyce triplo longior; ovarium dense sericeum. Fructus mihi non visus. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Angat, For. Bur. 1111/7 Aguilar, March, April, 1908. This variety is an intermediate form connecting Symplocos patens and 8. floridissima. 6. S. polyandra Brand in Pfianzenreich 6 (1901) 36. Additional material : Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 2181 Ramos, March, 1907. 7. Symplocos Hutchinsonii Brand sp. nov. Arbor 6 m alta, ramulis glabris, atro-purpureis, rugoso-striatis, niten- tibus. Folia chartaeea, 7-9 cm longa, 3-4 cm lata, elliptica, repando- serrata, utrinque glaberrima et opaca, supra (in sicco) atrato-, subtus incano-viridia, breviter et obtuse apiculata, basi cuneata, costa supra impressa; petiolus 10-14 mm longus, saepe curvatus. Paniculae glabrae, divarieatae, petiolo ca. 6-plo longiores, terminates et subterminales, pedicellis calycem subaequantibus ; calyx glaber, lobis ovalibus, flavescen- tibus, tubo duplo longioribus; corolla glabra, 5-partita, calyce duplo longior; stamina ca. 50; stylus glaber, calyce subduplo longior; ovarium glabrum. Fructus mihi non visus. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 6551 Hutchinson, March, 1907, altitude about 5 m above sea level. 8. S. ferruginea Roxb. var. ph il ippinensis Brand in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 6. Additional material: Luzon, Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 10167 Curran, March, 1908. 9. S. Ahernii Brand 1. c. Additional material: Luzon, Province of Benguet, Bur. Sci. 31/1/2 Mearns, July, 1907. Mindoko, Mount Malasumbu, For. Bur. 8590 Merritt, January, 1908. 11. S. oblongifolia (C. Presl) Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 214. Additional material : Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 831/0 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907. 12. Symplocos imperial is Brand sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis glabris, purpureo-brunneis, rugoso-striatis. Folia ad apices ramulorum comose congesta, tenuiter coriacea, 5-7 cm longa, 2-3 cm lata, oblongo-elliptica, leviter serrulato-undulata, utrinque glaberrima et (in sicco) viridia, in apicem longiusculum subito producta, basi cuneata, costa supra leviter impressa; petiolus recurvatus, 15-20 mm longus, colore ramulorum. Flores mihi non visi. Inflorescentiae fruc- tiferae terminales, congestae, glabrae, petiolo 3-4-plo longiores, pedicellis fructu brevioribus. Fructus laete brunneus, ovoideus, glaber, ca. 7 mm longus, trilocularis, lobis calycinis brevibus, rotundato-triangularibus, parce sericeis coronatus. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 1/133 F6nix, June-July, 1907. 110 BRAND. 14. Symplocos peninsularis Brand sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis glabris, purpureo-brunneis, angulatis, striatis. Folia juniora chartacea, vetustiora coriacea, 6-7 cm longa, 3—4 cm lata, obovata, crenato-serrata, utrinque glaberrima, supra in sicco atro-viridia et (vetus- tiora) nitentia, subtus viridia vel albida, opaea, breviter apiculata, subito in petiolum contracta; costa supra impressa; petiolus subalatus, 6-10 mm longus, colore ferrugineo. Flores niihi non visi. Inflorescentiae fructiferae axillares, petiolo 2-3-plo longiores, fructus paucos gerentes; pedicelli fructibus longiores. Fructus dilute brunneus, ovoideo-globosus, glaber, ca. 7 mm longus, trilocularis, lobis calycinis rotundatis glabris comose coronatus. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9188 Whitford & Hutchinson, January, 1908, in dipterocarp forests at 50 m above sea level. 15. S. Cumingiana Brand in Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 58. A tree 5 m high and not uncommon in Luzon, now rediscovered by the American botanists for the first time on Mount Tapulao, Province of Zambales, Luzon, For. Bur. 8251i Curran & Merritt, December, 1907, altitude 1,500 m. 1(3. S. Whitfordii Brand in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 8. Additional material: Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6067 Rohinson, March, 1908; For. Bur. 7890 Curran & Merritt, November, 1907, altitude 2,250 m. 17. Symplocos inconspicua Brand sp. nov. Frutex 4 m alta, ramis atratis, glabris, ramulis ad basin sordide-, ad apicem ferrugineo-hirsutis. Folia chartacea (vetustissima tenuiter coria- cea), 5-7 cm longa, 1.5-2. 5 cm lata, oblongo-elliptica, serrato-dentata, supra glabra, subtus ad costam pilosa, utrinque (in sicco) viridia, in apicem mucronatum sensim producta, basi subrotundata vel leviter cuneata ; costa supra impressa ; petiolus 2-3 mm longus, ferrugineo-hirsu- tus. Spicae axillares, breves, simplices, petiolo ca. 5-plo longiores, aureo- sericae, ca. 7-florae; bracteae rotundato-acutae, sericeae; calyx glaber, lobis rotundatis, glabris, flavidis, tubum aequantibus ; corolla glabra, calyce plus duplo longior, 5-partita; stamina 20 (ex unico flore), corollam aequantia vel vix superantia ; ovarium circum styli basin sericeum, stylus interne parce sericeus, superne glaber, calyce plus duplo longior. Fruc- tus inconspicuus, vix 2.5 mm in diametro, globosus, glaber, viridi-brun- neus, abortu unilocularis, monospermus, bracteis persistentibus suffultus, lobis calycinis pro fructu magnis comose coronatus. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, Bur. Sci. 5022 Ramos, December, 1907 (type) ; same locality, For. Bur. 8093 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907, altitude 1,400 to 1,700 m. 19. S. Merrill iana Brand in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 9. Additional material: Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 6081 Rohinson, March, 1908; For. Bur. 7867 Curran & Merritt, November, 1907. The color of the ripe fruit in the latter specimen is black, not “brunneo-flaves- cens;” the black exoearp is so deciduous that it is rarely preserved in dried specimens. NEW OR INTERESTING PHILIPPINE FERNS, IV. By Edwin Bingham Copeland. (From the Bureau of Education, Manila, P. I.) CYATHEA Smith. Cyathea phi I ippinensis Baker, var. nuda var. nov. Costis plerisque glaberrimis, aliis rhachin versus paleis sparsis vestitis, rhachibus omnibus infra mox glabrescentibus. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Atip, For. Bur. 10859 Curran, For. Bur. 18017 Merritt, altitude 1,400 m. PERANEMA Don. Peranema luzonica sp. nov. Stipite circiter 30 cm alto, ubique sat dense pedem versus densissime paleaceo, paleis brunneis diversis, majoribus lanceolato-ovatis valde api- culatis, 3 mm latis ; fronde usque ad 60 cm alta, anguste deltoidea, quadri- pinnatifida, rhachibus omnibus paleaceis ; pinnulis * stipitatis, oblongo- lanceolatis, obtusis, usque ad 7 cm longis; pinnulis u majoribus brevistipi- tatis 13 mm longis, obtusis, oblongis, fere ad costam pinnatifidis, coriaceis, pubescentibus ; soris brevipedicellatis, 1.2— 1.5 mm latis, saepius oblatis, indusiis glaucis, irregulariter fissis; eellulis annuli 16-19; sporis tuber- culatis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16280 Curran, Merritt, & Zschoklce, from an altitude of 2,500 m to the summit, Copeland. Very near the Indian species, P. cyatheoides Don, but differing from that as described and figured, in the broader paleae, more dissected frond, and nowhere glabrous pinnules, and the sori much larger in proportion to the fertile pinnae. Specimens from western China, leg. Wilson 5371f are referable to the Indian species. DRYOPTERIS Adanson. Dryopteris tenerrima sp. nov. Rhizomate erecto, circiter 7 mm crasso; stipitibus circiter 20 cm altis, confertis, ad baseos in vivo incrassatis, succulentibus, siccis gracilibus, nigricantibus, apud baseos squamulis parvis laete brunneis ciliatis ornatis, tota planta aliter glabra; fronde usque ad 25 cm alta, 15 cm lata, subdel- toidea, tripinnatifida; pinnis inferioribus brevissime stipitatis, aeuminatis; pinnulis sessilibus, plerisque obtusis, pinnae infhnae basiscopicis majoribus, 111 112 COPELAND. ad alam angustam pinnatifidis ; segmentis oblongis, inciso-serratis, obtusis, tenuiter membranaceis, atroviridibus (siccis) ; venulis simplicibus ; soris medialibus, parvis, nudis, subglobosis; cellulis annuli 10-12. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland 21^2, in a very damp gorge at an altitude of 1,600 m. A species of unknown affinity. It lias rather the aspect of Athyrium; but I do not know any species of that genus to which it seems to be very near, and so have been constrained by the form of the sori to describe it as Dryopteris. It suggests Monachosorum in the small sori, blackish dried fronds, and swollen succulent bases of the stipes. It is more primitive and generalized than any other fern, known to me, with naked sori. ATHYRIUM Roth. Athyrium macrocarpum (Bl.) Bedd. Ferns South. Ind. (1863) t. 152, 153. A. halconense Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 273. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland 2120, altitude 2,200 m. The plant called Athyrium halconense is a form with exceptionally uniform and entire pinnae. Although recognizing its affinity 1 I did not doubt its distinct- ness until I collected on Mount Banajao specimens bearing on the same stem fronds of typical A. macrocarpum, and less adult, but fertile ones, referable to A. halconense, and found with these, less adult plants altogether identical with typical A. halconense. Typical A. macrocarpum has also come in from Mount Pulog, Province of Benguet, Luzon, For. Bur. 16276 Curran, Merritt, d Zscholcke. Athyrium anisopteron Christ is very near this, but is, up to the present time, recognizable by its crowded sori. CURRAN I A genus novum. Rhizomate late repente, palearum cellularum lumine fusco; stipitibus non articulatis ; fronde deltoidea, pinnatifida, glabra; venulae infimae acroscopicae ramis saepe anastomosantibus ; soris dorsalibns elongatis, nudis, paraphysibus earentibns. Currania gracilipes sp. nov. Rhizomate 1 mm crasso, versus apicem paleis sordidis 1.5 mm longis lanceolato-ovatis vestito; stipitibus viridibus stramineisque, filiformibus, usque ad 20 cm altis, glabris ; fronde 5-9 cm alta, 3-5.5 cm lata, cordata, ad alam 4 mm latam pinnatifida; segmentis late oblongis, infimis falcatis, aliis rectis, obtusis, serratis, siccis papyraceis, utrinque viridibus; venulis furcatis, ramo inferiore saepius iterum furcato, liberis vel ramis 2 venulae infimae acroscopicae sursum eoadunatis; soris utroque latere uni- vel bi- seriatis, oblongis vel linearibus, 1-3 mm longis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16302 Curran, Merritt, d Zschokke, in rock-crevices of open grass land, altitude 2,900 m, Copeland P. P. E. 112; Pauai, alt. 2,300 m, Copeland. This fern is in all probability derived from Athyrium. The pa leas have reasonably thin cell-walls and dark contents. The epidermal cells of the frond This Journal, Botany 3 (1908) 291. PHILIPPINE FERNS, IV. 113 are very sinuous in outline, as in “Diplazium.” In outline of frond Athyrium crendto-serratum. suggests Currania, but no near relative of the former has simple fronds. I have included in Athyrium several species with naked sori, but in these cases the intermediate relationships were quite clear. Currania, beside having no indusia, is so distinct in aspect and in various characters from any group in Athyrium that its generic separation seems necessary. Fresh fronds have a fine odor of cumarin. ASPLENIUM Linn. Asplenium epiphyticum Copel. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Copeland., altitude 500 m. Hitherto known only from Mindanao. The spores are beset with long spine- or horn like projections, usually curved, making them look like miniature burrs. The spores of A. scolopendroides J. Sm., and A. trifoliatum Copel., of Borneo, are similar. I have examined the spores of various species of Stenochlaena, to which genus Christ2 would reduce A. epiphyticum, and have found nothing at all similar, although several species have rough spores. I also believe this fern and Stenochlaena to be related, and nearly so ; but this is none the less an Asplenium for that reason. Asplenium tenuifolium Don Prodr. FI. Nepal. (1825) 8. Luzon, Province of Benguet, exact locality not stated, For. Bur. 15729 Merritt ct- Curran, exactly like small specimens from Sikkim; Mt. Pulog, 2,300 m. alt., Copeland. Hitherto known only from British India, including Burma. Asplenium gracilifolium sp. nov. Bhizomate breve, 1.5-2 mm crasso, paleis castaneis 2 mm longis angustis tenuissimis vestito; stipitibus confertis usque ad 10 cm longis, 0.8 mm crassis, castaneis, nitidis, primo paleis conformibus vestitis, glabrescen- tibus; fronde 15-25 cm alta, 2. 5-3. 5 cm lata, acuminata, bipinnata, rliachi deorsum castanea sursum alata et viridescente, interdum in alis pinnarum prolifera; pinnis stipitatis, ovatis, obtusis, glabris, herbaceis; pinnulis pinnarum maximarum acroscopieis 1-2, basiscopicis 1, flabellato-cuneatis, usque ad 8 mm longis et 6 mm latis, apice rotundatis, leviter inciso- crenatis, lobis obtusis; venatione laxa; soris brevibus, margine haud approximate, indusiis latis, pallidis. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland 2123, epiphytic on mossy trunks, 1,700 to 2,250 m altitude. This seems to be most nearly related to Asplenium laserpitiifolium, from which, and from the other allied species of the same difficult group, it differs in the very narrow fronds. Asplenium Elmeri is more finely cut, and has the ultimate divisions much narrower, with longer sori. A. gracile Fee, judging from a specimen of Cuming’s, may be this species, although Fee’s figure, of a presumably juvenile form, represents the sori as longer and the teeth as sharp; at any rate Fee’s name is invalid. I have seen this fern only from Mount Banajao, but from this locality have twelve sheets of very uniform specimens. 2 Biologishe und systematische Bedeutung des Dimorphisus und der Missbild- ung bei epiphytischen Farkrautern, besonders Stenochlaena. Verhandl. Sclav. Naturforsch. Gesellschaft (1907). 114 COPELAND. PLAGIOGYRI A Mettenius. Plagiogyria nana sp. nov. Plagiogyria gregis P. glaucae Mett. qua statura reducta, pinnis rigidis confertis obtusis conspicue differ!. Stipite frondis sterilis 3-5 cm alto, frondis fertilis circiter 15 cm, aerophoris paucis; fronde sterile 10-13 cm alta, 5-6 cm lata; pinnis approximate vel infimis paullo remotis, fere omnibus liberis, sessilibus, circiter 6 mm latis, obtusis, minute serrulatis, rigide coriaceis, infra glaucis; fronde fertile circiter 10 cm alta, sat con- densata, pinnis 25-35 mm longis, linearibus, falcatis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16306 Curran, Merritt, £ Zschokke, common in grass lands, altitude 2,850 m, Copeland P. P. E. 113. This is conceivably a form of P. glauca, due to the very unusual environment, but is distinct in various respects beside the stature. Specimens growing in brush are of course decidedly less dwarfed, but they are still far from typical P. glauca. POLYPODIUM Linn. Polypodium subpinnatifidum Blume Enum. (1828) 129. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For, Bur. 16293 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, mixed with plants of the mossy forest, altitude probably 2,800 m, Copeland. The stipes are less hairy than figured by Blume, and in one specimen are 5 cm long, but the .identification is unmistakable. The plant is already known from Java and Perak; new to the Philippines. Polypodium subsecundo-d issectum Zoll. Syst. Verz. (1854) 38, 48. P. gedeanum Racib. Pterid. Buit. (1898) 96. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, Copeland 2136, found once on a mossy trunk, altitude 2,250 m. Known from Java and New Caledonia; new to the Philippines. This has been described as a relative of Polypodium minutum and P. sub- falcatum. It is really nearly related to P. tenuisectum Bl., and is a link, hitherto needed, between the few species with dissected fronds and the body of the genus. The stipes are not articulate. Polypodium curranii sp. nov. Species P. tennilori Kze., et P. dolichoptero Copel. affinis, fronde psendo-furcata ; rhizomate 3 mm crasso, paleis atro-fuscis angustatis 3 mm longis vestito ; stipite obscure articulato, nudo, circiter 1 cm alto vel usque ad fur cam infimam frondis circiter 15 cm alto alato, ala sursum 2-3 mm lata; fronde furcato-pinnata, ramis paucis, ultimis 5-15 cm longis plus minus divergentibus 3-7 cm latis, aeuminatis, omnino glabra, herbacea, venatione gracile, inconspicua ; soris multis, irregularibus, saepius elonga- tis, minutis. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mosquito Creek, For. Bur. 15728 Curran, altitude 2,000 m. This is decidedly more slender throughout than Polypodium dolichopterum, and the lateral segments are so strongly developed that the lower ones almost rival the main axis, and many fronds look monopodial rather than pinnatifid. P. tenuilore has a simple and entire frond, but is like this group in texture, venation, and sori. PHILIPPINE FERNS, IV. PROSAPTIA Presl. 115 Prosaptia linearis Copel. sp. nov. Species distinctissima ; rhizomate subrepente, ad apicem paleis angustis canceliatis atro-fuscis ciliatis vestito; stipitibus confertis, exarticu] atis, brevibus; fronde usque ad 40 cm longa, circiter 16 mm lata, pinnata, rhachi tenue, nigra, ubique glabra ; pinnis late adnatis non confluentibus, acutis, integris, coriaceis, inferioribus sensim in dentes diminutis ; soro in pinna quaque uno, costa orto, profunde immerso, apud vel ad marginem acrosco- picum aperto, annulo inaequale ciliato circumdato. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16303 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, on mossy trees, altitude 2,700 m, Copeland. A bizarre fern, resembling. Loxoscaphe in the appearance of the fruit. The solitary sori and the very narrow fronds strongly suggest Acrosor-us, but the origin of the protection of the sorus is very essentially different. Small fronds are so similar to those of Polypodium decorum that I at first regarded it as derived from that species, and therefore to be treated as genetically new, rather than included in Prosaptia. However the palese are like those of Prosaptia, while those of Polypodium decorum have thinner k walls and are not ciliate. The tip of the pinna is produced as a sharp point beyond the sorus, and bent toward the tip of the frond. As the fronds are pendent these tips serve to drain off water and protect the sori from wetting. The ecological significance of the movement of the sori to the margin, found independently in many groups of ferns, I have before interpreted ; as also the value of the rim, and the circle of hairs around the sori. i A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE CONNARACE/E. By E. D. Merrill. ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) This family is a small one so far as the Philippine flora is concerned, but like most groups of plants found in the Archipelago, has long been in need of revision. Our herbarium contained numerous unclassified speci- mens, and there was considerable doubt as to the proper specific name to use in the case of several identified species. Blanco’s imperfect descrip- tions have always been the cause of more or less doubt as to the identity of his species, and F.-Villar’s erroneous identifications of these have added to the confusion. In the case of extant herbarium material, no less than three specific names have been published by as many different authors, all based on a single number of Cuming’s Philippine collection, No. 851 , while Cuming 1172 has had two specific names applied to it. Blanco described the first Philippine representatives of the family, five species, all of which he placed under the genus Cnestis. Two of them are properly referable to this genus, although reducible to a single species, but the other three are referable to Connarus and Rourea. F.-Villar, in the Novissima Appendix to the third edition of Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas, enumerates twelve species in four genera, but only five of these actually occur in the Philippines, so far as the study of material now available shows. Most of Blanco’s species were erroneously reduced to species that do not extend to the Philippines. In the present paper five genera and seventeen species are recognized as occurring in the Philippines, but the list of both genera and species will undoubtedly be considerably increased as botanical exploration of the Archipelago progresses. With the exception of two, or possibly three species, all of those enumerated below are endemic in the Philippines. There are apparently also two or three additional species of Connarus, probably undescribed, but so far represented in our herbarium by im- perfect material, so that it is not deemed advisable to consider them at the present time. 117 118 MERRILL. Table of distribution of Indo-Malayan, Philippine and Chinese Connaracece. Genera. India.’ Malay Peninsula.1 2 Malay Ar- chipelago.3 China.4 Philip- pines. Agdaea _ __ _ 2 4 2 0 2 Connarus _ . _ . 13 9 17 0 10 Cnestis _ 1 1 1 0 1 Ellipanthus __ _ 5 5 2 0 2 Rourea 12 9 14 2 2 Roureopsis ... 1 2 1 0 0 Tseniochlaena 1 1 2 0 0 Troosiwyckia 0 0 1 0 0 Total __ _ _ 35 31 40 2 17 KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Pistils solitary; follicles with a distinct stipe. 2. Leaves pinnate, the leaflets 3 to 7 ; scandent shrubs 1. Connarus 2. Leaflet solitary; small trees 2. Ellipanthus 1. Pistils 2 to 7 ; follicles sessile. 2. Pistils 5, but usually only 1 perfect; follicle not rugose; seeds exalbuminous ; leaves pinnate 3. Rnurea 2. Pistils 2 to 5, perfect; follicles rugose or tubercled; seeds exalbuminous; leaves trifoliolate 4. Agelaea 2. Pistils 5 to 7 ; follicles densely pubescent ; seeds albuminous, the aril thin. 5. C nest is 1. CONNARUS Linn. 1. Leaflets 3; follicles large, woody, horned 1. C. trifoliatus 1. Leaflets usually more than three, or if three, the follicles coriaceous, not horned. 2. Indumentum stellate-plumose 2. C. stellatus 2. Indumentum not stellate. 3. Bracts and bracteoles linear-cyclindric, the former frequently 1 cm long and exceeding the flowers 3. C. bracteatus 3. Bracts and bracteoles not prominent. 4. Leaflets glabrous ; follicles small, coriaceous or subcoriaceous. 5. Leaflets rounded, acute, or only broadly and obscurely acuminate, not prominently glandular-punctate beneath. 6. Margins of the petals adherent above the ovary, forming a short tube above the inflated base; follicles glabrous inside. 4. C. culionensis 6. Petals free throughout; follicles more or less pubescent inside. 7. Base of the leaflets broad, rounded or subeordate, the apex broad, rounded, entire 5. C. obtusifolius 7. Base of the leaflets narrowed, acute or obtuse, the apex usually shortly and obscurely acuminate, slightly retuse. 6. C. neurocalyx 5. Leaflets strongly acuminate, usually prominently glandular-punctate beneath. 1 Hooker f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 46-56. -King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 1-21. 3 Boerlage Handl. FI. Ned. Ind. 1 (1890) 313-321. 4 Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886) 149-150. PHILIPPINE CONNARACEiE. 119 6. Follicles subcylindric, usually straight, not or but slightly inflated, about 4 cm long 7. C. hallieri 6. Follicles inflated, 2.5 cm long or less. 7. Petals free throughout 8. C. mindanaensis 7. Petals fx-ee below, inflated, but above the ovary their margins adherent, forming a narrow short tube 9. C. whitfordii 4. Leaflets more or less ferruginous-pubescent beneath; follicles large, woody, 5 cm long . 10. C. subinaequifolius 1. Connarus trifoliatus (Turcz.) Eolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212 (tri- foliolatus) ; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 103; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 59. Anisostemon trifoliatus Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 201 (1847) 152. Connarus polyanthus Planch, in Linnaea 23 (1850) 428; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1859) 665; Walp. Ann. 2 (1851) 300. Connarus rolfei Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106. Luzon, Province of Albay, Cuming S51, type collection of Anisostemon trifolia- tus, Connarus polyanthus, and C. rolfei. Negros, Gimugaan River, For. Bur. 4299 Everett. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Bolster 316; Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 332. This species has received three distinct specific names, all based on the same number of Cuming’s Philippine collection, the oldest being Anisostemon trifoliatus Turcz., which is here retained. Vidal 6 erroneously refers to Connarus polyanthus Planch. Cuming 1465, and this species is so written up in the Kew Herbarium. The specimen is however not at all like Planchon’s species, nor is it cited by that author. Endemic. 2. Connarus stellatus sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis, foliis junioribus, paniculisque densissime pubescentia stellato-plumosa obtectis; foliis eirciter 20 cm longis, impari- pinnatis, foliolis 7, lanceolate subcoriaceis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis ; panicnlis terminalibus, folia aequantibus, pyramidatis ; sepalis densissime stellato-tomentosis ; petalis obtnsis, plus minus punctatis, extus puberulis; staminibus 10, inaequalibus ; carpellis dense pubescentibus ; stylo 4 mm longo. A scandent shrub, the young branches, leaves, and the inflorescence densely covered with brown-stellate-plumose indumentum, the leaflets ulti- mately glabrous or nearly so. Branches light-yellowish-gray, lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves about 20 cm long, the rachis and petiolules densely brown-stellate-plumose; leaflets 7, the lower ones alternate, the upper opposite, lanceolate, subcoriaceous, brown, shining, in age glabrous or nearly so, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base acute, apex slightly acuminate, acumen blunt; nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, ascending, the reticulations rather close ; petiolules 2 to 3 mm long. Panicle terminal, pyramidal, about as long as the leaves, very densely covered with brown stellate-tomentose indumentum. Sepals lan- ceolate, acuminate, about 3 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent. Petals Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. (1886) 103. 120 MERRILL. narrowly oblong, obtuse, about 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, glandular- punctate, puberulous on the back. Stamens 10, unequal, the longer 5 filaments puberulous, 2.5 mm long, the shorter 5 glabrous, 1 mm long. Carpel 1, obliquely ovoid, densely pubescent; style 4 mm long, slightly puberulent. Baladac, Bur. Sci. 520 Mangubat, March— April, 1906. A species at once recognizable by its dense brown-stellate-plumose indumentum. 3. Connarus bracteatus sp. nov. Frutex scandens, foliis junioribus paniculisque plus minus ferrugineo- tomentosis ; foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, circiter 15 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 7, oblongis, submembranaceis, breviter acuminatis; paniculis termi- nalibus, foliis multo longioribus, usque ad 40 cm longis, pubescentibus; floribus in ramulis densissime racemoso-dispositis ; bracteis linearibus, usque ad 1 cm longis; petalis utrinque pubescentibus; staminibus 10, inaequalibus ; carpellis densissime pubescentibus. A scandent shrub, the young branches, leaves and the inflorescence more or less ferruginous-tomentose. Branches brown, somewhat lenticel- late, terete. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, about 15 cm long; leaflets 5 or 7, oblong, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, submembranaceous, slightly tomentose when young, base acute, apex shortly acuminate, shining, brown ; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, faintly anastomosing, the reticulations rather dense; petiolules densely pubes- cent, 5 to 8 mm long. Panicles terminal, very large, at least 40 cm long, ferruginous-pubescent, pyramidal, the lower branches sometimes 20 cm in length. Flowers densely raeemosely disposed on the ultimate branchlets, each subtended by a narrow, linear, cylindric, pubescent bract, and by one or two similar but shorter bracteoles. Pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the bracteoles 2, about the same length, the bracts frequently 1 cm in length and exceeding the flowers. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5 to 4 mm long, glandular-punctate, densely pubescent outside, slightly so within. Petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, strongly glandular-punc- tate, slightly puberulent on both surfaces, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide. Stamens 10, unequal, the five longer filaments slightly glandular-puber- ulent, 3 mm long, the five shorter glabrous, 1 mm long. Carpel 1, ovoid, densely pubescent; style pubescent, 1.5 mm long. Follicle unknown. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 11308 Klemme, April, 1908, in dense level forests at about 5 m altitude. A species at once recognizable by its large panicles and prominent bracts and bracteoles. Allied to Connarus neurocalyx Planch. 4. Connarus culionensis sp. nov. Frutex erectus vel scandens, ramulis, petiolis, paniculisque densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis brevibus, circiter 10 cm longis, imparipin- natis, foliolis 5 vel 7, oblongis, subc-oriaceis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis; PHILIPPINE CONNARACEiE. 121 paniculis terminalibus, diffusis, 20 cm longis; sepalis coriaceis, carinatis; petalis supra glanduloso-punctatis, extus pubescentibus, basi angustatis; staminibus 10, inaequalibus ; carpellis globosis, dense pubescentibus ; folli- culis 2.5 cm longis, compressis, apice rotundatis, extus pubescentibus striatisque, intus glabris. An erect, or in favorable habitat probably a scandent shrub. Branches brown, terete, glabrous or nearly so, the young branchlets very densely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves alternate, about 10 cm long, the petiole, raehis and petiolules densely ferruginous-tomentose ; leaflets 5 or 7, oblong, subeoriaceous, brown, shining, glabrous, or when young with few hairs, especially at the base, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, base usually rounded, apex acute or obscurely acuminate; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, anastomosing, distinct, the reticulations lax; petiolules about 2 mm long. Panicles terminal, ample, pyramidal, 20 cm long, densely ferruginous-tomentose. Sepals coriaceous, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, densely pubescent, keeled, the margins thinner than the median portion. Petals 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, densely pubescent outside in the upper portion and glandular-punctate, base narrowed, the lower portions free, but above the ovary adherent, forming a narrow tube, the upper portion entirely free. Stamens 10, unequal, the longer five glandular-puberulous, 4 to 4.5 mm long, the shorter five glabrous, 1.2 mm long. Carpel 1, globose, densely pubescent; style 2 mm long, somewhat pubescent. Pollicle oblong-ovoid, 2.5 cm long, somewhat compressed, apex rounded, base narrowed into the short stipe, coriaceous, inside glabrous, outside pubescent when young, diagonally striate. Culion, Merrill J/50, December, 1902, on dry open grassy hillsides. The alliance of this species is with Gonnarus neurocalyx Planch., hut it is readily distinguished by its much denser indumentum, short leaves, relatively much longer panicle, its petals adherent by their margins above the ovary, and its follicles glabrous within. 5. Gonnarus obtusifolius Planch, in Linnaea 23 (1850) 428; Walp. Ann. 2 (1851) 301; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) 665; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 103; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 57. The type of this species is Cuming 959, from the Province of Pampanga, Luzon. It appears to me, from the description, and the fragment of Cuming’s specimen before me, to be very closely allied to and perhaps not distinct from C. neurocalyx Planch. For. Bur. 5446 Curran, from the Province of Bataan, Luzon, may be referable to it. Endemic. 6. Connarus neurocalyx Planch. Linnaea 23 (1850) 248; Walp. 'Ann. 2 (1851) 300; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) 665; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 56; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 39, f. E., Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 103; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61. Luzon, without locality, Lolier 2096: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2030 Borden, Williams 562, Bur. Sci. 1576 Forworthy : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 38 Foxworthy, Merrill 1705, 1884, Bur. Sci. 26S5 Ramos, For. Bur. 391 Ahern’s collector: Province of Pampanga, Merrill 1388: Province of Laguna, Elmer 8309, 122 MERRILL. For. Bur. 8868 Curran: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 7200 Curran: Province of Camarines Sur, Ahern 218. Negros, For. Bur. 7309 Everett. The type of this species is Cuming 1762, from the island of Cebu. F.-Villar erroneously reduces to it Cnestis volubilis Blanco, which appears to me to be referable to Rourea, rather than to Connarus. Endemic. 7. Connarus hallieri sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis imparipinnatis, 12 ad 20 cm longis, foliolis 5, oblongo-ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, sub- coriaceis, nitidis, basi acutis vel subrotundatis, apice subeaudato-acumi- natis, utrinque pins minus glanduloso-punctatis, nervis utroque latere 5 ad 7, subtus prominentibus, ascendentibus ; sepalis petalisque pubescen- tibus; staminibus 10, inaeqnalibns, filamentis pubescentibus ; carpellis ellipsoideis, pubescentibus, stylo 4 mm longo; folliculis anguste eylindra- ceis, leviter falcatis vel rectis, basi angustatis, apice acutis, extus glabris, leviter longitudinaliter striatis, intus villosis, circiter 4 cm longis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches brown, lenticellate. Leaves odd-pinnate, alternate, 12 to 20 cm long, the leaflets 5, oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, subcoriaceous, base - rounded or acute, apex subcaudate-acuminate, acumen obtuse, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, shining, both surfaces rather prominently and densely glandular- punctate ; nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct beneath, ascending, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations rather fine and dense; petiolules 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent, somewhat diffuse, many flowered, about 10 cm long, the peduncle and rachis stout. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Petals narrowly oblong, about 6 mm long, 1.5 to 2 mm wide, pubescent, glan- dular-dotted. Stamens 10, alternating long and short, the filaments slightly pubescent. Carpel 1, pubescent; style stout, pubescent, 4 mm long. Follicle narrowly cylindric, slightly falcate or straight, base narrowed, apex acute, about 4 cm long, less than 1 cm thick, coriaceous, outside glabrous and, at least when young, slightly longitudinally striate, villous inside. Seed immature, arillate. Basilan, Eallier s. n., January, 1904. A species closely allied to Connarus monocarpus Linn., but distinct. Elmer 7268 is very closely allied if not identical. 8. Connarus m indanaensis -sp. nov. Scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis imparipinnatis, usque ad 25 cm longis, foliolis 5, ovato-ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, subco- riaceis, nitidis, basi acutis vel subacutis, rariter subrotundatis, apice valde acuminatis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, ascendentibus, subtus prominentibus; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, folia subaequantibus, mul till oris ; sepalis petalisque glanduloso-punctatis, sub- aequalibus; staminibus 10; carpellis anguste ovoideis, dense pubescenti- bus; folliculis aurantiacis, 2.5 cm longis, firmiter coriaceis, nitidis, inflatis, extus glabris, vix striatis, intus tomentosis. PHILIPPINE CONNARACEJE. 123 A seandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches dark- brown or grayish, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15 to 25 cm long, the rachis swollen at the base; leaflets 5, the lateral ones opposite and smaller than the terminal one, subcoriaceous, glabrous, shining, ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, base acute or subacute, rarely somewhat rounded, margins entire, sometimes recurved, apex strongly acuminate, the acumen blunt; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, ascending, curved, laxly anastomosing, prominent beneath, the reticulations very lax, the finer ones obsolete; petiolules about 4 mm long. Panicles terminal and axillary, as long as the leaves, densely ferruginous-pubescent, many-flowered. Sepals free, oblong, obtuse or acute, pubescent, distinctly glandular-punctate, 4 to 5 mm long. Petals about the same length as the sepals, glabrous or sub- glabrous, glandular-punctate, elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Stamens 10, alter- nating long and short, glabrous, the longer filaments 1.5 mm in length. Carpels 1, narrowly ovoid, densely pubescent; style very short, 0.5 mm long, glabrous or nearly so. Follicles orange-yellow, somewhat obovoid, 2.5 cm long, inflated, firmly coriaceous, obtuse, the stipe short, outside shining, glabrous, not striate, inside somewhat tomentose. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 754, September-October, 1906, and without number (type), March, 1907. 9. Connarus whitfordii sp. nov. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis imparipinnatis, 10 ad 15 cm longis, foliolis 5, lateralibus suboppositis vel alternis, oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-ovatis, firmiter membranaceis, nitidis, apice sensim acuminatis, obtusis, basi subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 3 ad 5 ; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, folia aequantibus vel multo longio- ribus, dense brunneo-pubescentibus ; sepalis coriaceis, arcuatis, dense pubescentibus ; petalis oblongo-linearibus, utrinque plus minus pubes- centibus; glanduloso-punctatis ; staminibus 10, inaequalibus, filamentis pubescentibus; carpellis ovoideis, pubescentibus; folliculis 2.5 cm longis, inflatis, ellipsoideis, extus glabris, obscure reticulato-striatis, intus pubes- centibus. A seandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches grayish- brown, terete, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, 10 to 15 cm long, the leaflets 5, the lateral ones subopposite or alternate, oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, firmly membranaceous, shining, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base usually rounded, apex gradually and prominently acuminate, acumen obtuse, margins entire, recurved ; nerves 3 to 5 on each side, of the midrib, rather distinct beneath, the reticulations faint; petiolules about 2 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, equaling or much exceeding the leaves, densely brown-pubescent, the buds densely congested on the ultimate branchlets. Sepals coriaceous, arched, oblong, 3 mm long, pubescent, opaque. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat pubescent on both surfaces, glandular-punctate, 5.5 to 6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the 83264 2 124 MERRILL. basal portion inflated, the margins just above the carpels adherent into a narrow tube, above entirely free. Stamens 10, alternating long and short, the filaments somewhat pubescent, the longer ones 4 mm, the shorter 1 mm in length. Carpels 1, ovoid, pubescent; style 1.5 mm long, slightly pubescent. Follicle firndy coriaceous, ellipsoid, inflated, 2.5 cm long, outside glabrous, shining, faintly diagonally reticulate-striate, inside pubescent, the stipe very short. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9185 Whitford <£- Hutchinson, January, 1908, in dipterocarp forests at an altitude of about 20 m. 10. Connarus subinaequifolius Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 297. Scandens; foliis usque ad 35 cm longis, imparipinnatis, foliolis 7, circiter 12 cm longis, 4.5 cm latis, oblongis, breviter abrupte acuminatis, basi rotundatis, firmiter membranaceis vel subcoriaceis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus plus minus ferrugineo-pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 4 ad 6, prominentibus. Folliculis sublignosis, obovoideis, compressis, 5>cm longis, 3.5 cm latis, circiter 2.5 cm crassis, extus plus minus ferrugineo- tomentosis, subglabrescentibus, vix striatis, intus f errugineo-tomentosis ; sqminibus oblongis, basi arillatis. The type of this species is Elmer 9422 from Mount Banajao, Province of Tayabas, Luzon, which I have not seen. Elmer 9341 from the same locality is referable here, and also Elmer 620S from Sablan, Province of Benguet, Luzon, the latter being mentioned in the original description but without citation of the number. The flowers are unknown. Endemic. 2. ELLIPANTHUS Hook. f. I. Petioles 10 to 15 mm long, the leaf-base subacute, not peltate.... 1. E. luzoniensis 1. Petioles 3 to 4 mm long, the leaf-base broad, rounded or subcordate, minutely peltate 2. E. mindanaensis 1. Ellipanthus luzoniensis Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 104; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61. E. helferi Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 39, f. B, non Hook. f. E. calophyllus F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 351 (probably), non Kurz. E. tomentosus F.-Vill. 1. c., non Kurz. Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1998, 2900, 2141 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 7 446 Curran, For. Bur. 12305 Maule : Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2200, 2239 Meyer, Whitford 1051. For. Bur. 6401 Curran, For. Bur. 1426, 1505 Ahern’s collector, Elmer 6692, 6883, 6S89, For. Bur. 812, 1142, 1909, 2014, 2101, 2926 Borden. Leyte, Elmer II64. Endemic. 2. Ellipanthus mindanaensis sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis junioribus fruetibusque ferrugineo-pubescenti- bus; foliis oblongo-ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 14 cm longis, apice acuminatis, basi late rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, levis- sime peltatis, integris, nitidis, supra glabris vel ad nervos minute pubes- centibus, subtus ad costam nervosque pubeseentibus, nervis 7 vel 8 utrin- que; folliculis solitariis, longe pedicellatis, compressis, 3 cm longis, sub- faleatis, acuminato-rostratis. PHILIPPINE C0NNARACEH3. 125 A small tree, the trunk about 4 cm in diameter. Branches reddish- brown, glabrous, the branehlets, especially the growing shoots, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, subco- riaceous, 10 to 14 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, entire, the apex acuminate, the base broad, rounded or subcordate, very minutely subpeltate, shining, the upper surface glabrous, or the midrib and nerves minutely pubescent, beneath pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, distant, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles pubescent, 3 to 4 mm long, jointed with the leaflet. Follicle densely ferruginous-pubescent, 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, compressed, subfalcate, base acute, apex acuminate-rostrate, the stalk 1.5 cm long. Seed subellipsoid, somewhat compressed, dark- colored, shining, 2.3 cm long, the aril very short. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bar. 9276 Whitford <£ Hutchinson, January, 1908. A species allied to Ellipanthus luzoniensis Vid. but readily distinguished by its very short petioles, subpeltate, broad, rounded or cordate leaf-base, prominent reticulations, and larger follicles. 3. ROUREA Aubl. 1. Leaflets 1 to 5 1. R.volubilis 1. Leaflets 11 to 15 2. Ii.erecta 1. Rourea volubilis (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 36; Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61. Gnestis volubilis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 385. Gnestis trifolia Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 270, ed. 3, 2: 136, non Lam. Rourea heterophylla Planch, in Linnaea 23 (1850) 419; Walp. Ann. 2 (1851) 297; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) 658; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 103. Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 14129 Merritt & Darling: Province of Tayabas, Cuming 752, type collection of Rourea heterophylla Planch.: Province of Zambales, Bur. Sci. 5064 Ramos : Province of Rizal, Merrill 1678, Loher 5139, Bur. Sci. 2657 Ramos: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1967 Borden. Mindoko, For. Bur. 4118 Merritt. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 450 Mangubat. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 280: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9307 Whit- ford & Hutchinson. In vegetative characters this species is exceedingly variable, the leaflets varying from one to seven, and on some specimens the same branches bearing 1-3- and 5-foliolate leaves. The flower and fruit characters appear to be rather constant. This species has been reported from the Feejee Islands by A. Gray,8 but possibly on an erroneous identification, or on a wrongly localized plant. Otherwise not reported from outside the Philippines. 2. Rourea erecta (Blanco) comb. nov. Gnestis erecta Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 387. Omphalobium pictum Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 271; ed. 3, 2: 139. Gnestis glabra Blanco 1. cc. 387, 271, 138, non Lam. Rourea multiflora Planch, in Linnaea 23 (1850) 418; Walp. Ann. 2 (1851) 297; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I2 (1859) 658; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 56; Naves in Bot. Wilkes’ U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 375. 126 MERRILL. Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, t. IlfO ; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 39, f. A, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 102; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61. Omphalobium obliquum Presl Epim. Bot. (1851) 207. Connarus obliquus Walp. Ann. 3 (1851) 844; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106. Connarus paniculatus F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 57, ex syn. Blanco, non Roxb. C. monocarpus F.-Vill. 1. c. 57, ex syn. Blanco, non Linn. Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7088 Ramos: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13801, 13828 Merritt cG Darling: Province of Pangasinan, Cuming 949: Province of Ilocos Sur, Cuming 1172: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1859, 2645, 2723, 2828, Topping 751, For. Bur. 2655 Ahern’s collector, Guerrero 42: Province of Bataan, Leiberg 6017, Merrill 2520, Wliitford 323: Province of Laguna, Elmer. Lubang, Merrill 97'4- Leyte, For. Bur. 12424 Danao. Bantayan, Bur. Sci. 1697 McGregor. Blanco’s description of Cnestis erecta applies exactly to the specimens above cited, and accordingly his specific name is here adopted, being the earliest valid one for the species. The name erecta is not particularly applicable, as only comparatively young plants are erect, mature ones being more or less procumbent or subscandent. However, the description can apply to no other Philippine species, as the five carpels mentioned by Blanco and the aril entirely covering the seed are characteristic of Rourea, and not of Connarus. Presl’s Omphalobium obliquum has also been a somewhat doubtful species, it having been based on a specimen collected in Luzon by Haenke, and “Cuming 1171.” The latter is undoubtedly an error for Cuming 1172, for 1171 in all herbaria that I have examined is Mallotus muricatus Muell. Arg., while Cuming 1172, specimens of which are before me, answers Presl’s description perfectly. The date of Presl’s “Epimeliae botanicae” is given on the title page as 1849, but it seems quite evident that the work did not appear until 1851 or 1852. Hooker 7 states regarding the work in question “although it bears on the title-page the date of 1849, it does not appear to have been in the hands of booksellers till the commencement of 1852.” This is confirmed by the fact that it was not reviewed in the Botanische Zeitung until September, 1852. As Blanco’s specific name for the plant under discussion is undoubtedly the oldest one, the question of actual date of publication of Presl’s work is of no importance in the present case, but if Blanco’s name be not accepted, there would be some doubt as to whether Presl’s or Planchon’s name had priority. A common and widely distributed endemic species. 4. AGE LAE A Soland. 1. Glabrous except the inflorescence, the follicles not or but very slightly rugose, scarcely beaked 1. A. wallichii 1. All parts more or less pubescent, the follicles strongly tuberculate-rugose, prominently beaked 2. A. everettii 1. Agelaea wallichii Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 47; King in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 662 (1897) 18; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 19; Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61. A. vestita Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 39, f. D. non Hook. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2895: Province of Bataan, Leiberg 6004, For. Bur. 3025 Meyer, Whitford 29, For. Bur. 3043 Borden. Malay Peninsula to Singapore and Sumatra. Journ. Bot. & Kew Miscel. 4 (1852) 286. PHILIPPINE CONNARACElZE. 127 2. Agelaea everettii sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis, petiolis, foliolis subtus, inflorescentiisque plus minus fen'ugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis alternis, trifoliolatis, racemis axillaribus vel extra-axillaribus, fasciculatis, circiter 2 cm longis; stami- nibus 10; follicnlis solitariis, oblongis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis, valde rostratis, extus tnberculato-rugosis, pubescentibus. A scandent shrub more or less pubescent. Branches and branchlets terete, brownish, ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, 15 to 20 cm long, the petiole pubescent, 5 to 6 cm long; leaflets charta- ceous, the upper surface glabrous except the somewhat pubescent midrib and nerves, the lower surface paler, ferruginous-pubescent, ultimately subglabrous, the lateral ones inequilateral at the base, the terminal one equilateral, 7 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 7 cm wide, entire, apex acuminate, acumen blunt; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax, distinct; petiolules densely pubescent, about 3 mm long. Racemes axillary or extra-axillary, about 2 cm long, fascicled, densely pubescent, the pedicels slender, pubes- cent, 1 to 2 mm long, the bracteoles densely pubescent, 1 to 1.5 nun long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, 3 mm long. Petals glabrous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long, 1 mm wide. Carpels usually 5, narrowly lanceolate, pilose, 3 to 3.5 mm long including the styles. Stamens usually 10, sometimes fewer, unequal, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Fol- licles solitary, oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm long, apex strongly rostrate, the outside strongly tubereulate-rugose, densely ferruginous-pubescent; seed ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, black, about 1 cm long. Type specimen collected by H. D. Everett, For. Bur. JfSOO, Negros, June, 1906; also, represented by For. Bur. J/286, 5570 Everett, May and June, 1906, the former from the Guimagaan River, the latter from Cadiz, Negros. Material collected by Cuming, no. 907, from the Province of Albay, Luzon, is probably the same, but no specimen is available here, although the one in the Kew Herbarium has been examined by me. Agelaea everettii is apparently closely allied to Agelaea borneensis (Hook, f. ) ( Hemiandrina borneensis Hook, f., Agelaea vestita Hook, f.) of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, but is distinguished by its 10 stamens, and less dense pubescence, although in the latter character the species seems to vary considerably, if all our Singapore specimens are correctly named. In regard to A. borneensis, Hooker’s specific name under Hemiandrina is the oldest, and hence must be accepted, for the Wallicliian name Gnestis vestita was not published until 1876, and then only as a synonym. Gilg and Boerlage maintain Troostivyckia Miq., as a distinct genus, although Hooker f. reduced T. singularis Miq., on which the genus was based, to Aeglaea vestita Hook. f. 5. CNESTIS Juss. 1. Cnestis diffusa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 386. Gnestis polyphylla Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 270; ed. 3, 2: 137, non Lam. Gnestis comiculata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 386, ed. 2 (1845) 270, ed. 3, 2: 138, non Lam. Gnestis ramiflora Griff. Not. 4 (1854) 432; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 452 (1876) 216; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 54; Yid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) .128 MERRILL. t. 39, f. G; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 106; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 103; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 57; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 61; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 21. Rourea dasyphylla Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 528. Connarus foliosus Jack in Wall. Cat. (1828) no. 8529, nomen. Gonnarus igneus Wall. 1. c. no. 8528, nomen. Rourea rugosa F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 56, non Planch. Gonnarus ferrugineus F.-Vill. 1. c. 57, non Jack. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, Tagudin, Guerrero s. n. : Province of Union, Elmer 551/1/: Province of Pangasinan, Cuming 951: Province of Bataan, Topping 529, For. Bur. 2592 Meyer, For. Bur. 2567 Borden: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1327, 231/1, For. Bur. 2656 Ahern’s collector: Province of Laguna, Elmer. Lu- bang, Merrill 965. Bukias, For. Bur. 1726 Clark. Burma to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Blanco’s name for this species is the oldest valid one that I have been able to find, and it is here accordingly adopted. He describes the fruits as “without hairs” which hardly applies to the above species, but in spite of this discrepancy I am of the opinion that the plant he had in mind \Vas really the above, as in other characters his description applies perfectly, and does not at all apply to any other species of Gonnaraceae known to me. The species is moreover common in the regions from which Blanco received most of his material, and would hardly have been overlooked by him. F.-Villar erroneously reduced Cnestis diffusa Blanco to Rourea rugosa Planch., a species that does not extend to the Philippines, and one to which Blanco’s description does not at all apply. Cnestis corniculata Blanco, non Lam., is certainly referable here. I had suspected this from Blanco’s description, and to verify it, Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero kindly secured for me from Blanco’s type locality, Tagudin, specimens of the plant known there as Sal-laday ; these specimens prove to be the same as C. diffusa Blanco. G. corniculata Blanco was erroneously reduced by F.-Villar to Connarus ferrugineus Jack, a species that does not extend to the Philippines. EXCLUDED SPECIES. Rourea santaloides W. & A.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 56. Rourea commutata Planch.; F.-Vill. 1. c. The above two species were credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar, but probably do not extend to the Archipelago. A REVISION OF PHILIPPINE LORAN1 HACE/E. By E. D. Merrill. ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The greatest difficulty in dealing with this family is in connection with the generic limits of Loranthus, to determine whether or not to follow Bentham and refer all the forms to one great genus with numerous sections, or to follow Van Tieghem, recognizing a great number of small, more or less closely allied genera, or to follow Engler, who chooses a middle course, recognizing a few genera, several of them large and with numerous subgenera. After considerable preliminary work on the group, I decided to follow Bentham, excluding, however, the species with versa- tile anthers, of which we have a single representative in the Philippines, as his arrangement on the whole seemed to me to be the most logical and simple one. The difficulty with Van Tieghem’s system is that his work is not sufficiently amplified, his generic and specific descriptions being too short, and frequently almost wanting, so that it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to follow him closely, unless one has access to the specimens cited by him. After a careful study of the material available here, I am now rather firmly convinced that there is no middle ground to be taken in the matter, and that one must refer most of the species to a single, or at most two or three large and small genera, or one must follow Yan Tieghem, and recognize numerous small and more or less closely allied genera, only in the latter case it will be necessary to establish a consider- able number of new genera to accommodate numerous Philippine and Malayan species that can not be fitted into any of those proposed by him. It is fortunate that there is in the herbarium of this Bureau a nearly complete set of Cuming’s Philippine Loranthacece, so that it lias been possible for me accurately to identify most of the species established by Yan Tieghem based on this collection; without these specimens it is quite impossible to identify the species on account of the short descrip- tions. The other material cited is entirely of recent collection. Six genera have been recognized, of which the largest is Lorantlius , with forty-three species, although specimens not in proper condition for complete descriptions, at present in our herbarium, would bring this list up to about fifty. When material available has not allowed me to place the species in its proper section, I have refrained from describing such plants, and a' number of these, at present represented by incomplete 129 130 MERRILL. material, will have to be considered at a later date, when more complete specimens are available. Phrygilanthus, included by Bentham in Lor- anthus , but distinguished primarily by its versatile anthers, is here retained as a genus, and is represented in the Archipelago by a single species, which must be considered as an Australian type. Cleistoloran- thus, remarkable for its cylindric corolla-tube entirely closed at the apex by the inward projecting and connate- basal portions of the lobes, and by its very short, spreading, irregularly toothed, external portions of the lobes which are broader than long, is described as a new genus. Viscum is represented by four species, all of wide distribution; Notothixos by three endemic species, and Ginalloa by a single endemic species. The table below gives some idea of the distribution in this part of the world of the genera and species, the latter being much more strongly developed in the Mala}1 region than to the north and south. Arceuthohium, with one species in the Himalayan region, and Nuytsia and Athinsonia ( Gaia - dendron) with one species each in Australia, are not included in the table. Genera. India, in- cluding the Malay Peninsula.1 Malay Archi- pelago and Peninsula.2 China.3 4 Australia.1 Philip- pines. Loranthus 69“ 96 16 16 43 Cleistoloranthus ... . 0 0 0 0 1 Phrygilanthus— 0 0 0 3b 1 Viscum 11 6 4 3 4 Notothixos . 2 1 0 3 3 Ginalloa ... . . 3 4 0 0 1 Total 85 107 20 25 53 “Including additional species described by King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 56 2 (1888) 89-100. b Included in Loranthus. KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE GENERA OF LORANTTIACE2E. 1. Flowers 2-sexual. 2. Anthers basifixed. 3. Corolla-tube open, variously cleft or divided, the lobes often entirely free, linear, reflexed or erect - 1. Loranthus 3. Corolla-tube cyclindric, closed at the top by inward projecting processes of the four very short broad, spreading lobes, the flowers cleistogamous. 2. Cleistoloranthus 2. Anthers versatile 3. Phrygilanthus 1. Flowers 1-sexual. 2. Anthers adnate to the petals, opening by pores; plants glabrous.... 4. Viscum 2. Anthers at the base of the petals, many-celled; plants, or at least the young parts, densely yellowish- or grayish-puberulent, often mealy-glandular. 5. Notothixos 2. Anthers at the base of the petals, 2-celled; plants glabrous 6. Ginalloa 1 Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 203-228. 2 Boerlage ITandl. FI. Nederl. Ind. 31 (1900) 162-167. 3 Ilemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1894) 405-408. 4 Bentham FI. Austral. 3 (1866) 387-397. PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEiE. 131 1. LORANTHUS L inn. 1. Petals entirely free; flowers subtended by a single bract. 2. Flowers small, less than 1 cm long, 5-merous, arranged in axillary spikes or racemes; buds strongly constricted in the median portion, base and apex inflated. § Piioenicanthemum. 3. Flowers racemose 1. L. pentapetalus 3. Flowers spicate 2. L. sessiliflorus 2. Flowers medium, 1 to 4 cm long, rarely smaller, 4- to 6-merous, arranged in axillary fascicles, cymes or racemes; buds not constricted in the median portion. § Heteranthus. 3. Leaves whorled. 4. Flowers 5-merous. 5. Leaves petioled. 6. Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, apex blunt-acuminate or acute, 8 cm long or more 3. L. basilanensis 6. Leaves narrowly obovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 7 cm long or less 4. L. merrittii 5. Leaves sessile 5. L. benguetensis 4. Flowers 4-merous. 5. Leaves sessile 6. L. luzonensis 5. Leaves petioled. 6. Inflorescences scattered along the branches 7. L. mirabilis 6. Inflorescences at the nodes only 8. L. acutus 3. Leaves opposite, subopposite or alternate. 4. Flowers 4-merous. 5. Flowers less than 1 cm long; leaves lanceolate 9. L. tenuis 5. Flowers nearly 2.5 cm long; leaves elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate. 10. L. mearnsii 4. Flowers 5-merous. 5. Leaves all petioled. 6. Leaves acute or acuminate at the apex. 7. Flowers all sessile, arranged in groups of threes along one side of the branches 11. L. cauliflorus 7. Flowers all pedieelled, arranged in slender, few-flowered cymes. 8. Leaves about 20 cm long, prominently acuminate; flowers 3.5 cm long 12. L. lanaensis 8. Leaves 14 cm long or less, blunt, acute, or only slightly acumi- nate; flowers 3 cm long 13. L. bicolorutus 7. Flowers in triads, all sessile, two triads on a short common peduncle - 14. L. hexanthus 6. Leaves broad and rounded at their apices; flowers in pairs, which are fasciculate at the nodes 15. L. hutchinsonii 5. Leaves sessile - - - 16. L. cuernosensis 1. Corolla-lobes more or less united, forming a short or long tube. 2. Flowers 4-merous, small or medium, each subtended by a single small bract; corolla straight or curved, outside very densely tomentose or farinose. § ClCHLANTHUS. 3. Leaves usually less than 2 cm in width. 4. Fruit ellipsoid, not at all narrowed _ at the base 17. L. estipitatus 4. Fruit narrowly obovoid, gradually narrowed to the base. 18. L. sphenoideus MERRILL. 2 3. Leaves 2 to 5 cm wide. 4. Flowers, young leaves and branches densely covered with a rather pale, yellowish-brown tomentum 19. L. philippensis 4. Tomentum dark-rusty-brown 20. L. ferrugineus . Flowers 4- to 6-merous, usually 5-merous, each subtended by a single small bract, arranged in fascicles, cymes, or racemes; corolla straight or curved, glabrous or only slightly pubescent. § Dendrophthoe. 3. Inflorescence of axillary, solitary or fascicled, often very short, simple racemes. 4. Leaves sessile and strongly cordate at the base 21. L. hallieri 4. Leaves distinctly petioled, acute or acuminate at the base. 5. Flowers more or less curved, 3 to 4 cm long. 6. Leaves prominently 5-plinerved, obtuse; racemes very short, fas- cicled 22. L. dementis G. Leaves not 5-plinerved ; racemes solitary, in pairs, or fasciculate, elongated. 7. Leaves lanceolate, about 15 cm long; racemes fascicled. 23. L. copelandii 7. Leaves elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, less than 10 cm long; racemes solitary or in pairs 24. L. loheri 5. Flowers straight, about 1.5 cm long 25. L. pentandrus 3. Inflorescence of racemosely disposed triads. 4. Flowers all sessile. 5. Petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. 6. Corolla about 1.5 cm long, somewhat inflated.. 26. L. subalternifolius 6. Corolla 2 cm long, very slender, not at all inflated.. 27. L. boliolensis 5. Petioles 3 mm long or less or the leaves sessile. 6. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, sessile, the lateral nerves 6 to 8, obscure; corolla about 2 cm long 28. L. secundiflorus G. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, short-petioled, the lateral nerves 3 or 4, rather distinct, the reticulations lax; corolla 1.5 cm long. 29. L. mindanaensis 4. Central flower of each triad sessile, the two lateral ones short- or long- pedicelled. 5. Leaves rounded or acute at the base, the petioles elongated. 6. Inflorescence cauline; pedicels of the lateral flowers very short, 1 mm long or less 30. L. revolutus G. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, lax; pedicels of the lateral flowers elongated. 7. Inflorescence lepidote; leaves acute or slightly acuminate. 31. L. ahernianus 7. Inflorescence glabrous; leaves strongly caudate-acuminate. 32. L. acuminatissimus 5. Leaves strongly cordate at the base, short-petioled; pedicels of the lateral flowers short 33. L. ovatifolius 3. Inflorescence of umbellately disposed triads. 4. Leaves wliorled 34. L. halconensis 4. Leaves opposite or alternate. 5. Flowers 5- and 6-merous in the same umbels 35. L. liaenkeanus 5. Flowers 4-merous 36. L. curranii 3. Inflorescence of terminal and axillary cymes; flowers G-merous. 37. L. viridis 3. Inflorescence of sessile fascicled flowers, axillary or at the nodes. 4. Leaves sessile; flowers 5-merous 16. L. cuernosensis PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEyE. 133 4. Leaves petioled; flowers 6-merous 38. L. banahaensis 2. Each flower subtended by a bract, and by an additional pair of similar, usually smaller bracteoles, these bracteoles free or united into a single retuse one. § Macrosolen. 3. Flowers in simple racemes, each flower subtended by a small bract and two smaller, free bracteoles 39. L. ampullaceus 3. Flowers in triads, each peduncle bearing two triads, the flowers 5-merous, all sessile 40. L. macgregorii 3. Flowers in pairs, each peduncle bearing two sessile, 6-merous flowers. 41. M. geminatus 2. Flowers in axillary, sessile fascicles, which are surrounded by large, ovate to elliptic, imbricated, deciduous bracts, entirely inclosing the young inflorescence. § Lepiostegeres. 3. Flowers about 30 in each head 42. L. congestiflorus 3. Flowers 4 in each head 43. L. williamsii § P IIOE X I C A N T II EM LLU . 1. Loranthus pentapetalus Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1820) 190; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 295; Blume FI. Jav. Loranth. (1828) 39, t. 11/, 23 A.; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 206; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1894) 406; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 215; Vid. Plian. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 140, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 231; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 50. Lanthorus spicifer Presl Epim. Bot. (1851) 257; Walp. Ann. 2: 727; Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 487. Phoenicanthemum pentapetalum Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1856) 823. Dendrophthoe pentapetala G. Don Gen. Hist. 3 (1832) 419. Loranthus spicifer F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 183; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 231. Lanthorus blumeanus Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 488. Lanthorus pentasepalus Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 488. Lanthorus cumingii Van Tiegh. 1. c. Loranthus cumingii Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 (1897) 128. Loranthus blumeanus Engl. 1. c. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 191/9, type number of the genus Lan- thorus Presl; Cuming 1915, type number of Lanthorus cumingii Van Tiegh. Babuyanes Islands, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 1/111 Fenix. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Ambuklao to Daklan, Merrill 1/1/02; Baguio, For. Bur. 1/901 Curran, Elmer 81/93 ; Kias Hill, Williams 932 : Province of Pampanga, Mount Abu, Bur. Sci. 1993 Foxworthy : Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford 1219, For. Bur. 221/3 Meyer, Elmer 6891, For. Bur. 80 Barnes: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Merrill 1832, For. Bur. 2131/ Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 11/99 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Elmer 9111/: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 12291 Curran. Nepal' to Burma and southern China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. A widely distributed species, with rather constant characters, considering its range. I am unable to distinguish any constant characters by which the four species recognized by Van Tieghem, Lanthorus pentapetalus, L. spicifer, L. cumingii, and L. blumeanus, can be separated from Loranthus pentapetalus Roxb. 2. Loranthus sessil iflorus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 188. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 6051 : Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Whitford 1111 : Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 181/5. Mindoro, Baco, Merrill 121/2, 1/01/1, McGregor 125 ; Aglubang River, For. Bur. 111/99 Merritt. Endemic. 134 MERRILL. § Heterantiius. 3. Loranthus basilanensis sp. nov. Glaber; foliis verticillatis, coriaceis, elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, utrinque acutis, vel apice leviter acuminatis, basi interdum rotundatis, petiolatis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, subobsoletis ; floribus 5-meris, in cymis brevibus axillaribus solitariis binis vel fas- ciculatis dispositis; petalis liberis, circiter 1.5 cm longis. Glabrous throughout. Branches terete, grayish or brownish, smooth, Leaves three or four at each node, verticillate, elliptic-ovate to oblong- ovate, 6 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, brown when dry, dull, acute at both ends, or the apex sometimes slightly acuminate and the base rounded; nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, very obscure, the reticulations obsolete; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Cymes axillary, soli- tary, in pairs, or fascicled at the nodes, the rachis less than 1 cm long. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, each subtended by a single small bracteole. Calyx cup-shaped, 3 mm long, the limb produced, truncate. Petals 5, about 15 cm long, 1 mm wide, free, the portion above the insertion of the stamens reflexed; filaments 2 mm long; anthers continuous, 3 mm long. Basilan, Matangal Point, For. Bur. 3447 Hutchinson, December, 1907. An unnumbered specimen collected on Basilan by Hallier, in January, 1904, is probably referable here, as well as Copeland 376, from Davao, Mindanao. 4. Loranthus merrittii nom. nov. Loranthus nodosus Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 (1897) 128, non Desr. Stemmatophyllum nodosum Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 506. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1952, 195S, the former the type number. Luzon, near Manila, Merrill 3494, Loher 4463: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. S3 48 Curran & Merritt: Province of Bataan, near Bagac, For. Bur. 5977 Curran. Lubang, Merrill 960. Mindoro, Cauayan, For. Bur. 9893 Merritt. Endemic. 5. Loranthus benguetensis sp. nov. Glaber; foliis verticillatis, terms vel quaternis, oblongo-ellipticis vel lanceolato-ellipticis, obtusis, sessilibus, crasse coriaceis, uitidis, usque ad 4 cm longis; floribus 5-meris, glabris, in triadibus dispositis, omnibus breviter pedicellatis ; triadibus umbellatim dispositis, pedunculis axillari- bus, solitariis. Glabrous throughout. Branches stout, terete, dark-colored and almost black when dry, somewhat shining. Leaves verticillate, three or four at each node, sessile, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse, the base acute, thickly coriaceous, shining, 3 to 4 cm long, 1 to 1.3 cm wide, the midrib faint, the lateral nerves and reticulations obsolete. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, the peduncles slender, about 1 cm long, each with about four short branches umbellately disposed at the apex, these branches about PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEZE. 135 4 mm long and each in turn bearing a single triad of flowers, all the flowers shortly pedicelled, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped, 3 mm long, the limb produced, truncate or minutely toothed, each subtended by a small bract. Petals 5, free, glabrous, about 2.2 cm long, 1.5 mm wide, the reflexed portion 5 to 6 mm long. Fila- ments 1 to 2 mm long ; anthers continuous, obtuse, 3 mm long. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16064 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke, January, 1909, parasitic on Pinus insularis, altitude about 1,200 m. Apparently also represented by immature specimens from the same province, Bur. Sci. 2712 Mearns, April, 1907. Manifestly closely allied to Lorantlms lusonensis, but with smaller, shining leaves, and 5-merous, quite glabrous flowers. 6. Loranthus luzonensis Presl ex Schultes f. Syst. Veg. 7 (1829) 104; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 140, Rev. PI. Vase. Philip. (1886) 232; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 183. Dendrophthoe luzonensis G. Don Gen. Hist. 3 (1834) 421; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. V (1857) 818. Stemmatophyllum luzonense Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soe. Bot. France 41 (1894) 505. Loranthus forsterianus Llanos in Mem. Ac. Cienc. Madr. 4 (1858) 501; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, 4: 102, non Schultes, fide F.-Villar. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1964: Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 5693: Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7250 Ramos: Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 10922 Curran, For. Bur. 15893 Bacani: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5927 Curran, For. Bur. 11050 Zschokke. Endemic. From the meager description given by Van Tieghem, and the fragment of Cuming 1956 before me, on which Stemmatophyllum sessilifolium Van Tiegh. ( Loranthus sessilifolius Engl.) was based, I can not distinguish the species from the above. 7. Loranthus mirabilis Van Huerck & Muell.’Arg. in Act. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat. 55 (1872) 47; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 187. Stemmatophyllum cumingii Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 505. Loranthus cumingianus Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Naehtr. 1 (1897) 128, non L. cumingii Engl. 1. c. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1966, type number: Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Copeland s. n., April, 1906. In my previous consideration of Loranthus mirabilis 5 the specimens cited, other than Cuming 1966, do not belong to this species. Endemic. 8. Loranthus acutus (Van Tiegh.) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Naehtr. 1 (1897) 128. Stemmatophyllum acutum Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41 (1894) 546. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1973, type number. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Williams 1021, 1319, Elmer 5809, Merrill 4377 , For. Bur. 15982 Bacani. Endemic. 5 This Journal 1 (1906) Suppl. 187 . 136 MERRILL. 9. Loranthus tenuis sp. nov. Glaber, ramulis juvenilibus inflorescentiisque exceptis; ramis ramu- lisque tenuibus, griseo-brunneis, teretibus, lenticellatis ; foliis oppositis, suboppositis vel alternis, lanceolatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, utrinque angustatis, apice acuminatis, petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, sub- obsoletis; cymis axillaribus, solitariis, vix 1.5 cm longis, 3-floris; floribus leviter ferrugi neo-puberulis, 4-meris; petalis liberis, 5 mm longis. Glabrous except the young branchlets and inflorescence. Branches slender, brownish-gray, terete, lenticellate, glabrous, the young branchlets slightly feiTuginous-puberulent. Leaves opposite, subopposite or alter- nate, coriaceous, glabrous, dull, lanceolate, 3.5 to 6 cm long, 0.8 to 1.8 cm wide, narrowed at both ends, the apex acuminate, acumen blunt, base acute or acuminate; nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, very obscure, the reticulations obsolete; petioles slender, 5 mm long or less. Cymes axillary, solitary, less than 1.5 cm long, 3-flowered, each therefore a simple triad with pedicelled flowers, the pedicels about 2 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, 1.8 to 2 mm long, obscurely 4-toothed or sub truncate, the limb slightly produced, ferrugi nous-puberulent, subtended by a single, ovate, obtuse bract about 1 mm long. Petals 4, free, linear or oblong- linear, ferruginous-puberulent outside, obtuse, about 5 mm long, 0.5 to 0.7 mm wide. Anthers erect, continuous. Style 6 mm long; stigma capitate. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Mount Mariveles, parasitic on Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco in forests at an altitude of about 800 m, For. Bur. 6287 Curran, February, 1907. A species well characterized by its slender branches, narrow, lanceolate leaves, and simple, solitary triads. 10. Loranthus mearnsii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 271. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5733, November, 1906. Endemic. 11. Loranthus caul iflorus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 185. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 55, and two sheets without number, January, March, May, 1906. Endemic. 12. Loranthus lanaensis sp. nov. Glaber; foliis suboppositis, coriaceis, lanceolatis vel late lanceolatis, in sicco brunneis, opaeis, circiter 20 cm longis, basi acutis, apice valde acute acuminatis, petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, obscuris; cymis ad nodos solitariis vel fasciculatis, trichotomis, 9-floris; floribus omnibus pedicellatis, 5-meris; petalis liberis, 3 ad 3.5 cm longis. Glabrous throughout. Branches stout, terete, gray or brown. Leaves subopposite, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 18 to 20 cm long, 4.5 to 6 cm wide, thickly coriaceous, brown when dry, dull, the base acute, the apex strongly and sharply acuminate, often somewhat falcate ; nerves PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEiE. 137 about 8 on each side of the midrib, obscure; petioles stout, 2 to 3 cm long. Cymes solitary or few at the nodes, rarely additional ones scattered along the branches, the rachis less than 1 cm long, bearing at its apex three short branches, each branch in turn bearing three pedicelled yellow flowers, so that the cyme is made up of three triads. Pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, slender. Calyx 4.5 mm long, narrowed below, the limb produced, truncate, each subtended by a single, ovate, 1.2 mm long bract. Petals 5, free, 3 to 3.5 cm long, about 1.7 mm wide. Filaments 2 mm long; anthers continuous, 5 mm long. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 777, November, 1906, on trees overhanging the lake. A species closely allied to Loranthus bicoloratus Elmer, but with much larger, differently shaped leaves, longer flowers and anthers. 13. Loranthus bicoloratus Elmer Leah. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 470. Glaber; foliis eoriaceis, in sicco brunneis, opacis, oblongis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, oppositis, petiolatis, 7 ad 14 cm longis, circiter 5 cm latis, basi acutis vel obtusis, apice acutis, obtusis, vel leviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque 3 ad 5, obscuris; cymis ad nodos solitariis vel 2 vel 3 fasciculatis ; floribus omnibus pedicellatis, in triadibus 3 vel 4 dispositis; petalis 5, liberis, circiter 3 cm longis. Negros, Cuernos Mountains, near Dumaguete, Elmer 9950, type number, collected on Leucosyke, in densely thicketed ravines at an altitude of about 760 m. From the original description of the species, one would infer that it belongs in the section Dendrophthoe, but examination of type material shows that the petals are entirely free. Endemic. 14. Loranthus hexanthus sp. nov. Glaber; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, opacis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, basi acutis vel acuminatis, apice obtusis, acutis vel acuminatis, rectis vel leviter f alcatis, nervis utrinque circiter 3, obscuris, subobsoletis ; pedunculis axillaribus, brevibus, 6-floris, floribus omnibus, sessilibus, in triadibus 2 dispositis; petalis liberis, circiter 1.7 mm longis. Glabrous throughout. Branches grayish-brown or dark-colored, terete. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, straight or slightly falcate, 8 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, thicldy-coriaceous, brittle and dull when dry, brown, base acute or acuminate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; nerves about 3 on each side of the midrib, very obscure, the reticulations often obsolete; petioles 1 cm long or less. Inflorescence axillary and at the nodes, the peduncles solitary or few at each node, 8 mm long or less, each peduncle bearing at its apex six sessile flowers, arranged in two triads, each flower subtended by a broadly ovate, obtuse bract about 2.5 mm long. Catyx 4 mm long, the limb produced, truncate or irregularly and obscurely toothed. Petals 5, free, about 1.7 cm long, the buds slightly angled, and a little enlarged at the apex, the portion 138 MERRILL. of the petals above the insertion of the stamens about 6 mm long. Anther 2.5 mm long, continuous; filament short. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Vickers’ Landing, Mrs. Clemens s. n., September-Octo- ber, 1906: District of Davao, Mount Apo, 'Williams 2565, April, 1905. A species well characterized by its 6-flowered peduncles, the flowers all sessile and arranged in two triads at the apex of the peduncle. 15. Loranthus hutchinsonii sp. nov. Glaber; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, brunneis, elliptico-ovatis, basi acutis, apice late rotundatis, oppositis vel subverticillatis, usque ad 8 cm longis, petiolatis, nervis utrinque 2 vel 3, subobsoletis ; floribus ad nodos fascicu- latis, breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris; petalis liberis, circiter 2 cm longis. Glabrous throughout. Branches stout, terete, smooth, dark-reddish- brown, the internodes 3 to 5 cm long. Leaves opposite or subverticillate, thickly coriaceous, brown and somewhat shining when dry, elliptic-ovate, 5 to 8 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, the base acute, the apex broad, rounded, margins somewhat revolute ; nerves two or three on each side of the midrib, indistinct, the reticulations obsolete, the midrib prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers red, 2.2 cm long, the buds cylin- dric, fasciculate in the axils and at the nodes, three to ten or more flowers at each node, pedicellate, the pedicels about 2 mm long. Calyx about 4 mm long, cylindric, the limb produced, truncate, each subtended by a single, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long bracteole. Petals 5, free, linear, about 2 cm long, 2 mm wide, the portion above the inser- tion of the stamens 6 mm long. Stamens 6 mm long, the antheriferous portion continuous, 3 mm long. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4554 Hearns & Hutchinson, May, 1906, on trees in forests at an altitude of about 1,100 m. 16. Loranthus cuernosensis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 469. Glaber; foliis oppositis, sessilibus, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, 5 cm latis, in sicco brunneis, opacis, ovato-lanceolatis vel oblongis, basi late rotundatis vel obtusis, interdum inaequilateralibus, supra sensim angustatis, apice acutis vel acuminatis, nervis utrinque 3 ad 5, obscuris, reticulis obsoletis; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, 5-meris, circiter 2 cm longis. Negros, Cuernos Mountains, near Dumaguete, Elmer 9525, March, 1908, in forests at an altitude of about 1,060 m. The relationships of this species are not clear to me, as it is impossible to determine from the original description to which section the plant really belongs, while the material of the type collection before me shows neither the attachment of the inflorescence nor flowers. I found, however, a single petal, which appears to me to have been free, and have accordingly placed the species in the section Heteranthus ; for the sake of convenience I have included it in the key, also in the section Dendrophthoe. In vegetative characters the type collection is rather closely matched by a specimen from Zamboanga, Mindanao, Ahern 579, with very immature flowers, and one from Mount Mayon, Luzon, Bur. Sci. 6482 Robinson, with fruit only. PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEdE. 139 Both of these have opposite sessile leaves similar in size, shape, and texture to Elmer 9525, but on both the inflorescence is composed of very shortly peduncled, fascicled triads, while Mr. Elmer distinctly states that the flowers on his species are in small, axillary, sessile clusters. Endemic. § ClCHLANTIIUS. 17. Loranthus estipitatus Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II 4 (1894) 221; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1894) 405. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1970. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Elmer 7 911: Province of Bizal, Bosoboso, Merrill 1826. Southern China to Tonkin, Perak, and Borneo. 18. Loranthus sphenoideus Blume FI. Jav. Loranth. (1828) 23, t. 1/ ; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 140, Bev. PL Vase. Filip. (1886) 231; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 184. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1/90. Luzon, Province of Benguet, For. Bur. 1/880, 10903 Curran, Williams 981/: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5928 Curran: Province of Bulacan, Yoder 201: Province of Bizal, Bur. Sci. 110 Foxworthy. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8792 Merritt. Guimaras, For. Bur. 21/9 Gam- mill. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1/59. A form in many respects resembling Loranthus fuscus Blume, differing chiefly from the above specimens by its narrower leaves and paler -pubescence, but which I am not disposed to consider specifically distinct from Loranthus sphenoideus Blume, is represented by the following specimens: Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1959. Luzon, Province of Union, Bauang, Elmer 5711: Province of Tarlac, Merrill s. n.: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1/977 Ramos ; Alberto 35. Miquel has reduced Loranthus sphenoideus Blume to L. repandus Blume, as a variety, to which it is undoubtedly allied. The type of L. sphenoideus was from Celebes, and Blume reports the species from Java; I am not sure of its other distribution, but it is probably more or less widely distributed in the Malay region. 19. Loranthus philippensis Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaea 3 (1828) 204; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 164; A. Gray Bot. Wilkes FT. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 741; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 140, Bev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 231; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 84; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 183. Scurrula philippensis G. Don Gen. Hist. 3 (1834) 423. Dendrophtlioe philippensis Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1856) 817 ; Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 40. Lonicera symphoricarpos Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 161. Cichlanthus philippensis Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42 (1895) 243. Philippines, without locality, Cuming 1/91, 1977. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Elmer 5911, Williams 1379: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 15783 Curran iC- Merritt: Province of Bizal, Bur. Sci. 128 Foxworthy, Merrill 1688, For. Bur. 3169 Ahern’s collector: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 5790 Curran, Merrill 1585: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6013 Robinson, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bid a can, Yoder 21/1: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 1/972 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Whitford 590. Mindoro, For. Bur. 3681/ Merritt, Whitford 11/27. Ticao, For. Bur. 2532 Clark. Mindanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n. A widely distributed endemic species, apparently the Philippine representative of Loranthus scurrula Linn., and certainly closely allied to it. Typical forms are very distinct from the preceding and the next, but it is frequently very difficult to distinguish some small forms from the former. 83264 3 140 MERRILL. 20. Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1824) 188; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 299; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 210; LTsteri Beitr. Ken. Philip. Veg. (1905) 125. Palawan, Merrill 705 ; Bur. Sci. 203 Bermejos; Bur. Sci. S23 Foxworthy. Malay Peninsula to Java and Sumatra. § Dendrophtiioe. 21. Loranthus hallieri sp. nov. Glaber; foliis sessilibus, oppositis, ovatis, basi valde cordatis, apice acuminatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, coriaceis, 5- vel 7-plinerviis ; floribus 5-meris, in racemis brevibus axillaribus fasciculatis dispositis. Glabrous throughout, or the inflorescence Very slightly pubescent. Branches terete, reddish-brown, not lenticellate. Leaves opposite, ovate, coriaceous, sessile, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, dull and brown when dry, the base very strongly cordate and half surrounding the stems, the apex acuminate; nei'ves 5 to 7 from just above the base, ascending, curved, rather distinct, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so. Racemes fascicled, axillary, the rachis less than 1 cm long, the pedicels about 2 mm long. Calyx cylindric, 3 mm long, the limb slightly produced, truncate or obscurely toothed, each subtended by an ovate, concave, acute or acuminate, 1.5 mm long bracteole. Corolla somewhat curved, 3 to 3.5 cm long, in bud somewhat narrowed at both base and apex to a diameter of 1 mm, the median portion slightly inflated and 3 mm in diameter, the tube 1.5 to 1.8 mm long, the lobes 5, about 1.7 mm wide, the portions above the insertion of the stamens linear, 8 mm long, recurved. Fila- ments 4 mm long; anthers continuous, linear, 3 mm long. Basilan, Hallier s. n., February, 1904. A species at once recognizable by its opposite, sessile, strongly cordate leaves, and short, axillary, fascicled racemes. 22. Loranthus dementis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 185. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keitliley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., March, 1906. Endemic. 23. Loranthus copelandii Merr. 1. c. 186. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Daklan to Kabayan, Merrill 1/^07 ; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 18176, 16232 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke. Endemic. 24. Loranthus loheri sp. nov. Loranthus curvatus Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 230; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 141 ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 184, non Blume. Glaber, inflorescentiis. exceptis; foliis alternis, petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis vel anguste ovato-ellipticis, in sicco- brunneis, opacis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel late obtuse acuminatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nervis utrinque 3, ascendentibus ; floribus rubris, leviter curvatis, circiter 3 cm longis, 5-meris, in racemis simplicibus, solitariis, axillaribus dispositis. PHILIPPINE LORA NTH ACE^E. 141 Glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, smooth, grayish- Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 359, non Lam. Mr. A. S. Hitchcock has examined the type of Lamarck’s Panicum proliferum in the Paris Herbarium, and finds it to be identical with Panicum miliare Lain.,3 and has accepted P. dichotomiflorum Michx. as the earliest valid name for the species, commonly identified by American authors as P. prostratum Lam. I am now of the opinion that the species of tropical Asia and Malaya is distinct from the American form, and have here adopted Roxburgh’s specific name for the oriental form, as it seems to be the earliest valid one. 3 Contr. V. S. Nat. Herb. 12 (1908) 147. 85754— —4 250 MERRILL. NEYRAUDIA Hook. f. Neyraudia madagascarensis (Kunth) Hook. f. ; Men-, in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 381. This species was admitted on the strength of identifications made by Vidal, and Ceron, based on Cuming 623, and Vidal 1/011. I have examined both in the Kew Herbarium, and find them to be referable to Phrag mites karka (Retz. ) Trim -Y eyraudia madagascarensis must therefore be excluded from the Philippine flora. ANDROPOGON L inn. Andropogon leptos Steud. Syn. 1 (1855) 397; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sc-i. 1 (1906) Suppl. 337. Garnotiella philippinensis Stapf in Hook. Ic. PI. IV 5 (1896) pi. 21/91/; Merr. 1. c. 374. Here enumerated to all attention to the reduction of the monotypic genus Garnotiella. The type of Garnotiella philippinensis in the Kew Herbarium, is identical with Andropogon leptos, and is a true Andropogon. Dr. Stapf, to whose attention I called the matter, concurs in this reduction. To be sure of the identity of the Philippine plant with Andropogon leptos Steud., 1 later examined the type of Steudel’s species in the Berlin Herbarium, and found the determination to be correct. CYPERACEiE. FI M BRISTYLIS Vahl. Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. ; Clarke in Philip. Journ. Sei. 2 (1907) Bot. 97. This species must be excluded from the Philippine flora, as the specimen in the Kew Herbarium, on which the record was based, bears a printed label with the date 1831. and is from Cuming’s first collection from the southern Pacific, and not from the Philippines. Cuming’s Philippine plants were distributed ten years later. BUEMANNIACE5E. BURMANNIA Linn. B. coelestis D. Don Prodr. FI. Nepal. (1802-03) 44; Ridley Materials FI. Malay. Penin. 2 (1007) 71. B. azurea Griff. Notul. 3 (1851) 236; Ic. PL As. 1. 272, f. 1; Becc. Malesia 2 (1878) 242, t. 15, f. 1-3. Luzox . Province of Pangasinan, Infanta. Bur. Sei. 1/913 Ramos, December. 1907. The fourth species of the genus to be found in the Philippines. Widely distributed from India to the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Labuan and the Caroline Islands. FAGACE2E. QUERCUS Linn. Quercus obi iqu inervia sp. nov. § Cyclobalamis. Arbor 20 m alta, cupulis exeeptis glabra; ramis ramulisque griseis : foliis oblongo-laneeolatis vel late lanceolatis, integris, crasse coriaceis, usque ad 1 1 cm longis, valde aeuminatis, nervis utrinque 8, valde obliquis, retieulis obscuris; cupulis 2 cm diametro, intus glabris, extus pubescen- NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 251 tibus; gland i bus oblongo-ovoideis, 2.3 cm longis apice rotundatis, breviter apiculatis. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous throughout, except the cups (in- florescence unknown), branches terete, lenticellate, light-gray. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, entire, the apex strongly acuminate, acumen blunt, often slightly falcate, base decurrent-acuminate, both surfaces shin- ing, the lower slightly paler than the upper; nerves 8 on each side of the midrib, oblique, rather distinct beneath, nearly straight, more or less curved near the margins, not anastomosing, the reticulations fine, indistinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Flowers unknown. Cup including the stout stipe 1.5 cm high, inclosing only about the lower one-fourth of the glans, 2 cm in diameter, glabrous and shining inside, outside cinereous-pubescent, lamellae about 5 the lower ones distant, the upper close, denticulate. Gians oblong-ovoid, 2.3 cm long, about 1 .8 cm in diameter, glabrous, apex rounded, apieulate. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Pauai, For. Bur. 18380 Alvarez, January, 1909: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 11/605 Darling, February, 1909, altitude 1,400 to 2,000 m. in forests; known in Benguet as Ticlick, and in Abra as Bultioc. A species well characterized bv its very obliquely nerved leaves, probably most closely allied to Quercus merrittii Merr., among the Philippine forms, but very different from that. ULMACE2E. GIRONNIERA Gaudich. Gironniera curranii sp. nov. Arbor eirciter 15 m alta, glabra ; foil is ovato-laneeolatis vel elliptico- lanceolatis, glabris, nitidis, 8 ad 12 cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice caudato-aeuminatis, margine integris vel superne pauce irregulariter serratis; nervis utrinque 13 ad 15, prominenti bus ; floribus femineis axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis, 5-meris. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches slender, terete, gray or brownish, the branc-hlets somewhat angled, sometimes with very few appressed hairs. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, shining, 8 to 12 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, paler beneath, the base rounded, the apex caudate-acuminate, the acumen 2 cm long or less, 3 to 4 mm wide, abruptly acute or apieulate, margins entire, or with few prominent, irregular teeth at the apex just below the acumen; nerves 13 to 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending; petioles 6 to 8 mm long. Pistillate flowers axillary, solitary, the calyx lobes (in fruit) 5, ovate, acute or obtuse, about 2 mm long, the margins 's’omewhat ciliate, the fruit (immature) ovoid or elliptic-ovoid, 1.3 cm long, 9 mm thick, glabrous, shining ; style arms 2, stout, about 3 mm long; pedicels about 1.5 cm long, slender. 252 MERRILL. Luzon, Province of Camaxines, Mount Isarog, For. Bur. 10498 Curran, May 25, 1908, in forests on the lower slopes at an altitude of about 100 m. A species well characterized by being glabrous throughout, and its smooth shining leaves which are entire or with but few irregular teeth at the apex only. MORACE2E. FICUS Linn. Ficus merrittii sp. nov. § Covellia. Arbor usque ad 12 m alta, ramulis petiolis, foliis subtus et inflores- centiis plus minus ferrugineo-lrirsutis ; foliis obovato-oblongis vel obovatis, chartaceis, 18 ad 25 cm longis, integris vel obscure dentatis, apice brewer acuminatis, basi inaequilateraliter cordatis; nervis utrinque 8 acl 10, prominentibus ; stipulis caducis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, brunneis, 2.5 ad 3 cm longis; inflorescentiis caulinis, 10 ad 25 cm longis, ramosis, plus minus ferrugineo-hirsutis ; receptaculis obovoideis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis, plus minus ferrugineo-hirsutis, basi 3-bracteolatis ; pedunculis hirsutis, usque ad 2 cm longis ; ovario oblongo-ovoideo ; perigonibus nullis. A tree 12 m high or less. Branches reddish-brown, terete, more or less ferruginous-hirsute. Leaves opposite, obovate to oblong-obovate, 18 to 25 cm long, 9 to 13 cm wide, ehartaceous, somewhat shining, the midrib and nerves on both surfaces with few or many, long, pale or ferruginous hairs, the upper surface ultimately glabrous, margins entire or obscurely dentate, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, somewhat narrowed below to the slightly inequilateral and cordate base; the lower surface minutely punctate; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles ferru- ginous-hirsute, 6 cm long or less ; stipules caducous, lanceolate, acuminate, brown, ferruginous-hirsute at the base only, otherwise glabrous, 2.5 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence from the trunk, few or many branched, 10 to 25 cm long, reddish-brown, more or less ferrugineous-hirsute at the nodes and on the bracts and bracteoles, the bracts ovate, acuminate, 8 mm long or less, deciduous. Receptacles usually at the ends of the branchlets, few or many, obovoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long, brown, purplish or greenish, with few or many pale or ferruginous hairs, the base with three small narrowly-ovate bracteoles 2 to 3 mm long; peduncles more or less ferruginous-hirsute, 2 cm long or less. S laminate flowers not seen. Fertile female flowers pedicellate, glabrous, the ovaries ovoid to oblong- ovoid, about 1.5 mm long; styles slender, about 2 mm long. Perianth none, or present in very young flowers as minute scales. Mindoro, For. Bur. 111/66 Merritt, May, 1908 (type). Also represented by the two following specimens from the same Island For. Bur. 6852, 111/ 77 Merritt, April, 1907 and May, 1908. N. v., Tibig. A species closely allied to Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr., differing especially in the long ferruginous hairs on the leaves, petioles, inflorescence and receptacles. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 253 SANTALACErE. EXOCARPUS Lab. Exocarpus rolfeanus (0. Kuntze) comb. nov. Xylophyllos rolfeana 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 1 (1891) 589, (rolfsiana) . Palawan, Vidal 36Jj7 , type in Plerb. Kew.; Victoria Peak, For. Bur. 3852 Curran, March, 1906, altitude 300 m. A curious endemic species, known only from the above two collections. Curran’s specimen is sterile, and is described by him as a 3 m high shrub. OLACACE2E. ANACOLOSA Blume. Anacolosa luzoniensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra, inflorescentiis exceptis, usque ad 15 m alta; foliis cbartaeeis vel subcoriaceis, ovato-oblongis, elliptico-oblongis, vel oblongis, 8 ad 12 cm longis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel obscure acuminatis, uervis utrinque circiter 5 ; floribus axillaribus, congestis, griseo-puberulis, stipitatis, 6-meris; petalis intus in partibus inferioribus glabris, carinatis, supra crassis, subtrigonis, dense pubescentibus : filamentis latis, glabris, connectivo indumento denso coronato; ovario 2-loculare; fructibus ellip- soideis, 2 cm longis, disco accrescenti. A tree reaching a height of 15 m, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches slender, terete, reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, oblong, ovate- oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, dark or pale when dry, sligtly shining, the base acute, the apex obtuse, rarely obscurely and broadly acuminate; nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers pale-green, gray-puberulent, densely congested, axillary, the stipes 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx 3 mm in diameter, sub- truncate and with 6 minute teeth. Petals 6, valvate, pubescent, lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate, 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, acute or somewhat acuminate, the lower half, inside, glabrous and keeled, the upper portion thickened, 3-sided, and densely pubescent in the central portion. Stamens 6, opposite the petals; filaments broad, about 1 mm long and broad, flattened, glabrous, the antheriferous portion as broad as the filament and crowned with copious hairs. Ovary superior, 2-celled, each cell with a single pendulous ovule; style narrowly conical, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Fruit fleshy, ellipsoid, about 2 cm long, 1-cellecl, entirely inclosed in the accrescent disk. Luzon. Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 2830 Meyer, March, 1905 (type), For. Bur. 1199 Borden, June, 1904, For. Bur. 7 222 Curran, June, 1907, Bur. Sci. 5165 Ramos, February, 1908. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8650, 11363 Merritt. January, April, 1908. Masbate, For. Bur. 12601 Rosenbluth, January, 1909. 254 MERRILL. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines and ap- parently distinct from the few other species of the genus. On Mount Mariveles it is found at altitudes of from 700 to 850 m, but in Mindoro it occurs at lower elevations. M AGN OL I ACE2E. ILLICIUM Linn. Illicium ph i I ippinense sp. nov. Arbor parva vel apbuseula, glabra; foliis congestis, alternis vel sub- verticillatis, coriaceis, integris, acuminatis, oblongo-ellipticis vel elliptico- lanceolatis, 5 ad 8 cm longis, nervis lateralibns obsoletis; floribus axilla- ribus, solitariis, albis; staminibus circiter 15 ; carpellis circiter 8, 3 mm longis. A small tree or a shrub 4 m high or less, glabrous. Branches rather stout, dark-colored, wrinkled when dry, the branehlets somewhat oliva- ceous. Leaves crowded near the tips of the branehlets, alternate, sub- verticillate, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, coriaceous, the upper surface shining, the lower dull, acuminate at both ends ; lateral nerves obsolete, the midrib prominent; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers solitary, axillary, white, fragrant, about 1 cm long. Sepals four or five, elliptic-oblong, 10 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, obtuse, nerved. Petals 2-seriate, the inner ones narrower than the outer, as long as the sepals but much narrower, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Stamens about 15; filaments stout, swollen, 2 mm long; anthers about 1 mm long. Carpels about 8, glabrous, 3 mm long including the recurved style. Mature fruit about 2 cm in diameter, consisting of from 5 to 8 carpels which are narrowly ovate, rostrate, wrinkled when dry. Seed pale, shining. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 9515 Curran & Merritt (type) ; Bur. Sci. 5078 Ramos, December. 1907, on exposed mountain top in the elfinwood, altitude about 2,100 m. Mindoro, Mount Halcon. For. Bur. . fill Merritt, June, 1906. The only representative of the genus known from the Philippines, apparently well characterized by its small leaves which are without evident lateral nerves. It has previously been recorded by me from Mindoro as Illicium sp.4 It is probably most closely allied to I. evenium King, of the Malay Peninsula. LAUEACE2E. CRYPTOCARYA R. Br. Cryptocarya lauriflora (Blanco) comb. nov. Bulgaria lauriflora Blanco Fl. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 221, ed. 3. 2:50; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 73. Eusicleroxylon borneense F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 179, non T. & B. Cryptocarya luzoniensis Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 222; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 141; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 58. Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 272. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 255 Luzon, Province of Rizal, Cardona,. Vidal 1080 (type, of C. luzoniensis, in Herb. Kew.) ; Antipolo and Bosoboso, For. Bur. .\()1. 2663 A hern's collector, Feb- ruary, 1904, and January, 1905: Province of Paxnpanga, Mount Arayat, Vidal 16S6, in Herb. Kew.: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles Whitforcl 1050, 1043, January, 1905, December, 1904, For. Bur. 6264, 6274, 7372 Curran, February and July, 1907 : Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Ahern 32, 183, January, February, 1902. Mindoro, For. Bur. 8609 Merritt, January, 1908. Blanco’s monotypic genus Bulgaria, bas not previously been satisfactorily identified, although it was referred by Fernandez-Villar J without question and without discussion, to the Bornean genus Eusideroxylon Teysm. & Binn.. but a cursory examination of Blanco’s description shows at once that his species can not be referred to Eusideroxylon. It does, however, apply closely to Cryptocarya, and morover his specific description applies to Cryptocarya luzoniensis Vidal. I have accordingly here reduced Salgada to Cryptocarya, and in making this reduction, have adopted the earliest specific name for the species, reducing Vidal’s Cryptocarya luzoniensis. Blanco’s description very clearly states that his genus has nine fertile stamens, of which the outer six have introrse anthers, and the inner three have extrorse ones; moreover he describes the anthers as 1-celled, his expression “cuerpecillos laterales” certainly applying to the valves of the anther- cells. Blanco describes the ovary as inferior, probably because it is immersed in the calyx-tube, and later states that the fruit is inferior, the latter being ap- parently an error in his description, or due to a mixture of material. There seems to be absolutely no doubt as to the identity of Balgada with Cryptocarya, in spite of the above discrepancies in Blanco’s description. Cryptocarya bicolor sp. nov. Arbor circiter 25 m alta; foliis alternis, elliptico-oblongis vel late oblongo-lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus albo-glau- cescentibus, 10 ad 20 cm longis, usque ad 7 cm latis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis ; nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus prominentibus, ferrugineo-pubeseentibus, tenuiter anastomosantibus, reticulis densis, obscuris; paniculis pubescentibus, axillaribus terminali- busque, quam folia brevioribus; floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, circiter 3 mm longis. A tree about 25 m high, more or less pubescent. Branches slender, brown, terete, somewhat pubescent, the young branchlets rather densely pubescent. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong or broadly oblong-lance- olate, 10 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, subcoriaceous, the apex shortly acuminate, the acumen obtuse, the base acute, the upper surface glabrous, shining, somewhat olivaceous, the midrib sometimes pubescent, the lower surface very pale, glaucous, nearly white, sparingly pubescent, the midrib and lateral nerves ferruginous ; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, obscure on the upper surface, very distinct on the lower, slightly curved, spreading-ascending, attenuate and obscurely anastomosing near the margins, the reticulations rather dense, not distinct; petioles pubescent, about 8 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, 10 cm long or less, pubescent, many-flowered, somewhat diffuse. Flowers yellow, fragrant, 5 Nov. App. (1880) 179. 256 MERRILL. about 3 mm long, sessile or short pedicellate, the bracteoles small. Calyx- tube about 1.5 mm long, pubescent, cylindric; perianth-lobes pubescent on the outside, subequal, oblong, about 2 mm long, acute or blunt. Stamens as in other species of the genus, the filaments short, glabrous. Staminodes 1.5 mm long, stipitate, acuminate. Fruit unknown. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga ( ?), For. Bur. 65^8 Hutchinson, March, 1907. N. v., Ducatcin, Masagcunadug. A species well characterized by its leaves which are shining and glabrous above, and nearly white beneath, the midrib and lateral veins ferruginous, the reticula- tions not distinct, and its panicles which are about one-half as long as the leaves. The timber is used for house-posts. Cryptocarya palawanensis sp. nov. Arbuscula circiter 3 m alta; foliis cliartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 35 cm longis, 10 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, utrinque glabris, costa nervisque exceptis; nervis utrinque circiter 15; paniculis axillaribus, foliis multo brevioribus, pubescentibus ; perianthiis segmentis subaequali- bus, pubescentibus, 2.5 mm longis; fructibus ovoideis, 1.5 cm longis, nigris, nitidis, glabris. A shrub about 3 m high. Branchlets ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, up to 35 cm long, 10 cm wide, the apex rather strongly acuminate, the base acute, somewhat shining and glabrous on both surfaces except the midrib and lateral nerves which are somewhat pubescent, the upper surface olivaceous, the lower brownish ; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, beneath very distinct, obscurely anastomos- ing, the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones dense; petioles pubescent, about 1 cm long. Panicles axillary, pubescent, 8 to 10 cm long, the branches 3 cm long or less. Flowers pedicellate or sessile, pubescent, the tube cjdindric, quickly inflated, somewhat longitudinally striate, the perianth-lobes 6, subequal, pubescent, 2.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid, black, shining, glabrous, 1.3 cm long. Palawan, near the Iwaliig Penal Settlement, For. Bur. JflJfl Curran, April, 1906, along the banks of tidal streams. A species characterized by its rather large leaves and comparatively short panicles. Cryptocarya pallida sp. nov. Arbor vel arbuscula; ramis teretibus nigricantibus, glabris, ramulis plus minus pubescentibus; foliis ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, chartaceis, 8 ad 11 cm longis, 3 ad 5 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, supra olivaeeis, glabris, nitidis, subtus subalbidis, parce pubescentibus, costa nervis reticulisque brunneis ; paniculis axillaribus, plus minus pubes- centibus; fructibus ellipsoideis, 2.5 cm longis, 1.5 cm diametro, glabris, nitidis, utrinque apiculatis. A shrub or tree, nearly glabrous. Branches terete, dark-colored, glab- rous, the branchlets somewhat pubescent. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, 8 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex rather NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 257 sharply acuminate, the base acute or rounded, the upper surface oliva- ceous, glabrous, shining! the lower surface nearly white, slightly pubescent, the midrib nerves and primary reticulations brown ; nerves 5 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles about 5 mm long, slightly pubescent. Panicles axillary, in fruit 10 cm long or less, slightly pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruits ellip- soid about 1.5 cm in diameter, 2.5 cm long, dark-colored, glabrous, shining, apiculate at both ends, obscurely longitudinally striate. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Tetuan, Ahern 594, 566, February to June, 1901, N. v., Ponit. - Characterized by its relatively large fruits which are apiculate at both ends, and by its leaves which are nearly white beneath. Cryptocarya everettii sp. nov. Arbor, 10 ad 18 m alta; foliis alternis, oblongo-ellipticis, ellipticis, vel oblongo-lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, 10 ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, supra nitidis, glabris, brunneis, subtus glaucescentibus, valde pulcher- rime reticulato-venosis ; paniculis pubescentibus, 8 ad 10 cm longis, axillaribus terminalibusque ; floribus albis, circiter 4 mm longis, pedicel- latis vel subsessilibus; fructibus oblongis, glabris, circiter 3 cm longis. A tree 10 to 18 m high, nearly glabrous throughout except the in- florescence. Branches slender, liglit-gray, glabrous, the young branchlets somewhat pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm, rarely 9 cm wide, subcoriaceous, the upper surface glabrous, or sometimes slightly pubescent along the midrib, shining, brown, N the lower surface glaucous, the nerves and reticulations prominent, brown, slightly pubescent, the apex abruptly and sharply acuminate, the base acute; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, beneath verjr prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax, very distinct, the brown midrib, nerves and reticulations in strong contrast to the glaucous under surface of the leaf; petioles 5 to 10 mm long, somewhat pubescent. Panicles axillary and terminal, 8 to 10 cm long, pubescent, the flowers white, pedicellate or subsessile, about 4 mm long, the bracteoles deciduous, about 2.5 mm long. Calyx-tube densely pubescent, 2 mm long, the perianth segments subequal, 2.5 mm long, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, pubescent. Fertile stamens 9, the filaments somewhat pubescent, the anthers of the outer two series introrse, those of the inner series extrorse; staminodes ovate, short-stipitate, somewhat pubescent, acute. Ovary narrowly oblong, glabrous; style 1.5 mm long. Fruit black when dry, glabrous, smooth, oblong or narrowly oblong, about 3 cm long, 1 cm thick, narrowed upwards, not striate. Negkos, For. Bur. 4236, 4311, 7288, 7311 Everett, April-June, 1906-07, For. Bur. 7409 Danao, June, 1907, Wlvitford 1614, May, 1906. A species common in the dipterocarp forests in northern Negros, well charac- terized by its leaves being glaucous beneath, and strongly reticulate, the midrib, nerves, and reticulations on the lower surface of the leaf being brown, in sharp contrast to the glacous surface. V., Balit, Putian. 258 MERRILL. \ Cryptocarya ampla sp. nov. Arbor alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, coriaeeis, nitidis, 18 ad 25 cm longis, 5 ad 9 cm latis, apice late acuminatis, basi cuneatis vel rotnndatis, concoloribus vel subtus brunneis; nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, prominentibus, obscure anastomosantibus, reticulis validis, densis ; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, foliis subaequalibus, pubescentibus; floribus numerosis, pedicellatis, 4 mm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis vel obovoideis, parce pubescentibus, longitudinaliter striatis, circiter 12 mm longis. A tall tree, glabrous throughout except the infloresence. Branches terete, lenticellate, brownish. Leaves alternate, oblong, 18 to 25 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, coriaceous, shining, the apex rather broadly acuminate, the base acute or rounded, about the same color on both surfaces; nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations beneath dense, distinct ; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, about as long as the leaves, many flowered, the rachis and branches somewhat pubescent. Flowers white, 4 mm long, pedicellate, the pedicels pubescent, 1 to 2 mm long, with three small bracteoles at the apex. Calyx-tube cylindric, sulcate, pubescent, 1.5 to 2 mm long, the perianth- lobes 6, subequal, pubescent, oblong-obovate, acute or obtuse, 2 mm long. Fertile stamens 9 ; anthers all 2-celled, those of the two outer series introrse, those of the inner series extrorse, the filaments short; staminodes acuminate, about 1 mm long. Style 1 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid or obovoid, obtuse, somewhat narrowed at both ends, slightly pubescent, longitudinally striate, about 12 mm long. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Antipolo and Montalban, For Bur. J/63, 397, 2438 Ahern’s collector, February and April. 1904, and January, 1905. T., Bagarilao. A species well characterized by its large leaves and panicles. Cryptocarya glauca sp. nov. Arbor; foliis alternis, coriaeeis, oblongo-ovatis vel elliptico-lanceolatis, usque ad 13 cm longis, 5 cm latis, supra brunneis, glabris, nitidis, subtus plus minus pubescentibus, glaucis ; nervis subtus prominentibus, brunneis, circiter 8 utrinque ; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, ferrugineo- pubescentibus, foliis aequalibus vel longioribus vel interdum brevioribus. A tree, more or less pubescent. Branches terete, reddish-brown glabrous, lenticellate, the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oblong-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base acute, 7 to 13 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide, the upper surface dark- or pale-brown, glabrous, shining, the lower surface glaucous, somewhat ferruginous-pubescent, ultimately glabrous or nearly so ; nerves prominent on the lower surface, brown, about 8 on each side of the midrib, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations not very distinct, rather lax; petioles pubescent, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Panicles axillary and NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 259 terminal, ferruginous-pubescent, about as long as the leaves, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter. Flowers subsessile or shortly pedicellate, pubescent, 3 to 3.5 mm long, the bracteoles small, pubescent. Calyx-tube cylindric, 1.5 mm long. Perianth-lobes 6, equal, pubescent outside, elliptic-ovate, obtuse or acute, 2 to 2.5 mm long, 1 to 1.3 mm wide. Stamens as in other species of the genus. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2981 Ahern’s collector, April, 1905 (type). Apparently the same species, but with small panicles, is repre- sented by Merrill 233 7, from Tanay, the same Province. Allied to Cryptocarya lauriflora, (Blanco) Merr., but differing in many char- acters, notably in its leaves being very glacous beneath. LITSEA Lam. Litsea bicolor sp. nov. Arbor circiter 8 m alta; ramis griseis, teretibus, glabris, ramulis junior- ibus dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis verticil latis, elliptico-obovatis, usque ad 35 cm longis, coriaceis, supra glabris, brunneis, nitidis, subtus albo-glaucescentibus, costa nervisque ferrugineis, plus minus tomentosis, apice breviter abrupteque acuminatis, basi acutis; fructibus fasciculatis, ellipsoideis, nigris, nitidis, circiter 2 cm longis, obtusis; calycibus auctis, disciformibus, circiter 1 cm diametro. A tree about 8 m high. Branches terete, gray, glabrous, the young branchlets densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves verticillate, usually 5 in each whorl, elliptie-obovate, 25 to 35 cm long, 12 to 17 cm wide, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base acute, coriaceous, the upper surface glabrous, shining, dark-brown when dry, the lower surface pale, glaucous, nearly white, somewhat deciduous-tomentose, the nerves and midrib ferruginous-pubescent; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent beneath, curved-ascending, obscurely or not anastomos- ing, the reticulations lax; petioles ferruginous-pubescent, 3.5 cm long, stout. Flowers unknown. Fruit fascicled on the branches below the leaves, the pedicels stout, short, the calyx accrescent, disciform, about 1 cm in diameter, glabrous, the fruit ellipsoid, black, shining, glabrous, obtuse, about 2 cm long. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Surigao, Bolster 318, April, 1906. N. v., II indang. A species will characterized by its large, verticillate leaves, which are very pale beneath. Litsea hutchinsonii sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta ; ramis teretibus, glabris, ramulis junioribus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, oblongis, coriaceis, 10 ad 20 cm longis, 5 ad 8 cm latis, concdloribus vel subtus brunneis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus parce pubescentibus, nervis utrin- que circiter 12; inflorescentiis axillaribus, fasciculatis vel glomeratis, fioribus umbellulatis, involucro biseriali, 4-phyllo; staminibus fertilibus 9, antheris omnibus introrsis, 4-locellatis. 260 MERRILL. A tree about 10 m high, nearly glabrous except the young branehlets and inflorescence. Branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, the young branehlets rather densely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves opposite or sub- opposite, oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, coriaceous, of the same color on both surfaces, or the lower surface brownish, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower very sparingly pubescent, the apex acute, obtuse, or very obscurely acuminate, the base acute; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, beneath very prominent, obscurely anasto- mosing ; petioles subglabrous, about 1 cm long. Flowers umbellate, the umbels involucrate, crowded in the leaf-axils, sessile or short-pedunculate, the involucral scales 4, concave, orbicular or obovoid, 4 to 5 mm long, outside ferruginous-pubescent. Staminate flowers 3 in each umbel, sessile or subsessile, the tube very short, ferruginous-pubescent outside, the segments 6, oblong, obtuse, subequal, 3 to 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, glabrous or nearly so. Fertile stamens 9, the longer filaments 2.5 mm long, glabrous or nearly so ; anthers all introrse, all 4-locellate. Mindanao, District- of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For.. Bur. 91J/8 Whitford cC- Hutchinson, January, 1908. A species apparently allied to Litsea lusonica (Bl.) F.-VilL, but with much larger, differently shaped leaves. As the genera in this group are defined in the Nat. Pflanzenfamilien, this species, having 9 fertile stamens, might be referred to Actinodaphne. Litsea philippinensis sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 20 m alta; foliis alternis, coriaceis, nitidis, glabris vel subglabris, oblongo-ellipticis, 10 ad 20 cm longis, apice rotundatis vel acutis, basi acutis; nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, prominentibus, reticulis validis subparallelis ; petiolis 1 ad 2.5 cm longis; floribus capitulatis, c-apitulis globosis, fasciculatis vel in racemis brevibus axillaribus disposi- tis; c-alycis lobis 6, pubescentibus ; staminibus fertilibus 12, filamentis villosis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis, glabris, obtusis, circiter 3.5 cm longis, tubis auctis, cupulatis, circiter 2 cm diametro. A tree 15 to 20 m high. Branches terete, stout, brown, glabrous, the branehlets somewhat ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, elliptic- oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, coriaceous, somewhat shining, usually brownish when dry, at least the nerves, not at all glaucous, the upper surface glabrous, or the midrib sometimes pubescent, the lower surface glabrous or the midrib and nerves usually more or less pubescent, the apex rounded or acute, the base usually acute; nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, parallel, obscurely anastomosing near the margin of the leaf, the reticulations very distinct, subparallel; petioles pubescent, 1 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers in heads, axillary, fascicled or in short racemes, mostly from the branches below the leaves, in the axils of fallen leaves, the rachis, when present, stout, not exceeding 1 NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 261 cm in length. Involucral bracts 4 or 5, pubescent, concave, orbicular or obovoid, the inner ones thinner, their margins ciliate, strongly imbricate, 6 to 8 flowers in each head. Calyx-tube slender, tubular, 2 mm long, cylindric, the lobes 6, 3 mm long, pubescent. Fertile stamens 12, their filaments, slender, 3 mm long, clothed with long weak hairs. Fruit oblong- ovoid, glabrous, obtuse, about 3.5 mm long, the calyx- tube accrescent, persistent, cup-shaped, about 2 cm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, For. Bur. 7503 Curran, September, 1907 (type), For. Bur. 1363, 1791/ Borden, July, September, 1904, Whitford 1/72, July, 1904, Williams 619, February, 1904: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3171 Ahern’s collector, July, 1905. Mindoro, Bongabong River, Whitford HIS, April, 1906; Balete, For. Bur. 6161 Merritt, January, 1907. Mindanao,- Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 298, February, 1906. This species is well represented in our herbarium, especially in material from the Mount Mariveles region, but the specimen collected by Curran in September, 1907, is the first one secured with mature flowers, thus allowing accurate generic identification. The specimen from Mindanao, Clemens 298, is immature, being- much more pubescent than the type, and may possibly represent a different species. It is well characterized by its oblong-elliptic, usually obtuse, strongly nerved leaves. Apparently allied to Litsea grandis Hook. f. N EOLITSE A (Benth.) Merr. Neo litsea villosa (Blume) comb. nov. Litsea villosa Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1851) 349; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 226; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 143; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 34 (1896) 355. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15 (1864) 221. Neolitsea zeylanica Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 57; non Litsea zeylanica C. & Fr. Nees. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Santo Tomas, Williams 19S6, November, 1904; Loher 4521; Suyoc to Panai, Merrill 4761, November, 1905: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2674 Ahern’s collector, January, 1905 : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 119, 458, May, July, 1904, Elmer 6806 November, 1904, Merrill 3204, October, 1903, For. Bur. 1337, 1586 Borden, 1503 Ahern’s collector, 2617 Meyer, 6262 Curran: Province of Pampanga, Mount Abu. Bur. Sci. 1958, 1959 Foxworthy, December, 1906: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8073 Curran; Candelaria, For. Bur. 8250 Curran & Merritt, December, 1907. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, For. Bur. 4360 Merritt, Merrill 5666; Mount Malasumbu, For. Bur. 8747 Merritt. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4681, 4695 M earns & Hutchinson, May, 1906. This species is widely distributed in the Philippines, but is never found at low altitudes. It was previously confused by me with Litsea zeylanica C. & Fr. Nees, but appears not to be that species, but rather Blume’s L. villosa., as identified by Vidal and Rendle. The specimens cited above show considerable variation, some of them having the leaves decidedly ferruginous-pilose beneath, but this indument is deciduous; pubescent and glabrous leaves can frequently be found on the same specimen. This densely villous form has been identified by Vidal as Litsea cinnamomea Blume, but whether correctly so or not, the Luzon form so named appears to me to be the same as L. villosa=Weolitsea villosa. This is doubtless the form approximately identified by Stepf, in his paper on the flora of Mount Kinabalu, as Litsea, zeylanica, so far as his Philippine reference goes. 262 MERRILL. MACHILUS Nees. Machilus nervosa sp. nov. Arbor glabra circiter 6 m alta; foliis ovato-ellipticis, usque ad 12 cm longis, c-oriaceis, nitidis, subtus subglaucescentiluis, grosse et pulcherrime reticulatis, nervis urtinque- 6 vel 7, prominentibus, elevatis, anastomo- santibus; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, circiter 7 cm longis; fructibus obovoideis, in sicco nigris, leviter angulatis, circiter 12 mm longis, perianthii lobis late ovatis, acutis, persistentibus, patulis. A glabrous tree about 6 m high. Branches terete, lenticellate, grayish- or reddish-brown. Leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, base and apex acute, the upper surface shining, the lower, at least when young, subglaucous, nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, beneath very prominent, elevated, darker- colored than the surface of the leaf, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, distinct; petioles 2 to 3 cm long. Panicles axillary and glabrous in fruit, about 7 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruit obovoid, red when fresh, black and shining when dry, about 12 mm long, somewhat keeled or angled and obscurely reticulate, the persistent perianth-lobes broadly ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, glabrous or their margins slightly pubescent, spreading. Luzon, Province of Benguet Mount Ugo, For. Bur. 10846 Curran, For. Bur. 18009 Merritt. December, 1908, in hardwood forests in ravines at an altitude of about 2,000 m. PHOEBE Nees. Phoebe sterculioides (Elmer) comb. nov. § Euphoebe. Persea sterculioides Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 295. Arbor 7 ad 18 m alta; foliis subeoriaceis, obovatis vel oblanceolatis, circiter 18 cm longis, 8 cm latis, integris, apice breviter acuminatis, rariter acutis, basi sensim angustatis, supra glabris, subtus plus minus glauceseentibus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; nervis utrinque 9 ad 11; pani- culis axillaribus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, angustis, usque ad 20 cm longis; calvcis lobis 6, subaequalibus vel exterioribus admodum minoribus, pubescentibus, plus minus accrescent i bus, persistentibus, erectis; stami- nibus fertilibus 9, 3-seriatis, antheris 4-locellatis, ordinis prirni et secundi introrsis, ordinis tertii extrorsis. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9121 (cotype), May 1907. Min- doro, near Lake Naujan, For. Bur. 6793a, 6824, 6859 Merritt, March- April, 1907. Negros, 7273, 7287, 7327 Everett, May, 1907. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley Mrs. Clemens 518, April-May, 1900, and six sheets without numbers. This species appears to be not uncommon in the Philippines, and extends from central Luzon to Mindanao. In Mindoro it is know as Baticulin, a name applied to many different species of Lauraceae, in various genera. Specimens of this plant with young fruit show accrescent, persistent, and appressed calyx segments, which throws the species into Phoebe, as defined by Pax in Engler & Prantl’s NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 263 Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, although Bentham & Hooker reduce Phoebe to Persea. In the original description of the species the outer series of stamens are described as having extrorse anthers, and the other series to have introrse anthers. 1 have reexamined the type number and the reverse seems to be the case, the outer two series having introrse anthers, and the inner series having extrorse anthers. Apparently allied to the Malayan Phoebe opaca Blume. DROSERACEJE. DROSERA Linn. Drosera burmanni Vahl Symb. 3 (1794) 50; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. 1ml. 2 (1878) 424; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 78, Diels in Pflanzenreifh 26 ( 1 .)()*> ) 75. Luzon, District of Bontoc. For. Bur. 10095 Curran, January, 1909, altitude about 700 m. The fourth species of the genus for the Philippines, previously recorded from Panay by F.-Villar, but his record as to its occurring in the Archipelago not before verified. India and Ceylon to southern Japan, south to Malaya and northern Australia. HAM AM ELI I )A.CEA3. EMBOLANTHERA gen. nov. Calycis tubus ovario admit ns, limlms irregulai iter 2- vel 3-fidus, demum circumscisso-deciduus. Petala 5, lineari-elongata, basi utrinque valde aurieulata vel alata. Stamina 5, petalis alternantia, filamentis brevis- simis; antherae basifixae, loculis in valvis 2 vertiealiter dehiscentibus, connectivo longe producto. Ovarium inferum, 2-loculare; styli 2, sub- rdati, stigmatibus simplieibus; ovula in loculis solitaria, pendula. Arbor. Folia alterna, integra vel subintegra, persistentia, ovata vel oblonga, acuminata. Stipulae lanceolatae, membranaceae, deciduae, pectintae. Flores in spicas terminales densissime dispositi, calyce stellato-pubescente. Embolanthera spicata sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 ni alta, glabra, inflorescentiis exceptis. Iiamis ramulisque tenuibus, griseis vel brunneis ; foliis alternis firmiter char- taceis, ovatis vel oblongis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis, acutis vel acuminatis, leviter inaequilateralibus, nitidis. Spicis foliis aequantibus vel subaequantibus, densis; floribus albis, 5-meris; petalis circiter 2 cm longis, 2 mm latis, basi utrinque valde auriculatis vel alatis ; staminibus 5, connectivo longe producto. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous or nearly so except the infloresence. Branches and branchlets terete, slender, gray or brown, slightly lenti- cellate. Leaves alternate, ovate to oblong, firmly chartaceous, shining, 7 to 10 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide, gradually narrowed upward to the short-acuminate apex, the base rounded, acute, or slightly acuminate, usually somewhat inequilateral, the margins entire, recurved, some- times slightly aculeate-denticulate near the apex; nerves 7 or 8 on 264 MERRILL. each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, anastomosing, the retic- ulations lax; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Stipules deciduous, mem- branaceous, usually lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long or less, somewhat appressed-pubescent on the back, the margins below prominently pectinate, the tips of the teeth glandular. Spikes as long as the leaves or some- times shorter, about 2.5 cm in diameter, densely many-flowered, the rachis somewhat pubescent, the bracteoles linear, pubescent, 1.5 mm long. Flowers white, sessile. Calyx-tube short, adtiate to the ovary, pale- stellate-pubescent outside, the limb splitting irregularly into two- or three ovate, acute or acuminate lobes, 4 to 5 mm long, membranaceous, somewhat reticulate-veined, stellate-pubescent outside, finally circumscis- sile and deciduous. Petals 5, about 2 cm long, 1.8 to 2 mm wide, the basal 3 mm strongly auricled, including the auricles 3 mm wide, narrowed above the auricles to 1 mm, incurved, and then linear-elongate, mem- branous, nerved, about 2 mm wide, acuminate. Staminodes none, unless represented by the auricles to the petals. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, and inserted with them ; filaments adnate to the corolla and falling with it, stout, about 1 mm long; anthers ovoid, about 1 mm long, the cells opening laterally each by two valves, the connective produced as a straight, 2 mm long, awn. Ovary inferior, 2-eelled, each cell with a single pendulous ovule, the top of the ovary pubescent; styles 2, less than 1 mm long, slender; stigmas minute. Fruit unknown. Palawan, Victoria Peak, Bur. Sci. 739 Foxioorthy, March 24, 1906. A spread- ing tree about 10 m high, with a trunk 15 to 20 cm in diameter growing on the river bank at an altitude of about 250 m above the sea. The genus above proposed is allied to Maingaya Oliver, of Penang and Perak, and to Loropetalum R. Br., of India and China, differing from both in its spieate infloresence, and in the strongly auriculate bases of the petals, from the former also in its different calyx and absence of staminodes, and from the latter also in its 4-merous flowers. It is apparently more closely allied to Maingaya than to Loropetalum, but seems to be distinct from both, and from all other hitherto described genera. But one genus of the family, Sycops.is, was previously known from the Philippines. ROSACE2E. PARINARIUM Aubl. Parinarium curranii nom. nov. Parinarium racemosum Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 19; non Vidal Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1S80) 29. MaSbate, Merrill 2 61.j, May, 190.3 (type). Luzon, Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10575 Curran, June, 1908. The original name of this species is invalidated by Parinarium racemosum Vidal, and accordingly the above new name is proposed for it. Vidal’s species is not enumerated in Index Ivewensis. NEW Oil NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 265 LEGUMINOS2E. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Albizzia scandens sp. nov. Frutex scandens, subglabra, usque ad 10 ni alta; foliis bipinnatis, circiter 20 cm longis 4- vel 5-jugatis; foliolis oblongis vel elliptico- oblongis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, acutis vel apiculatis, leviter inequilateralibus ; paniculis circiter 20 cm longis, parce pubescentibus ; floribus sessilibus, capitulatis, extus parce pubescentibus; staminibus circiter 20, filamentis liberis. A scandent shrub about 10 m high, subglabrous. Branches dark- colored when dry, terete, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, about 20 cm long, evenly 4- or 5- jugate, the common rachis slightly pubescent, 12 to 15 cm long, with a single large gland on the upper surface near the base, the stipules, if any, caducous, the base of the petiole subtended by a stout, somewhat recurved, thickened puvinus about 4 mm long ; leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, crowded, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 1 to 2 cm long, 5 to 7 mm wide, chartaceous, somewhat inequilateral, the base broad, acute, the apex acute or apiculate, the lower surface paler than the upper, slightly pubes- cent. Panicles axillary and terminal, 20 cm long or less, slightly pubes- cent. Flowers white, sessile, in small capitate heads at the ends of the ultimate branchlets. Calyx about 1.5 mm long, slightly cinereous-pubes- cent outside, obscurely 5-toothed. Corolla slightly cinereous-pubescent outside, 4.5 mm long, the tube very slender below, widened above, the lobes oblong-ovate, acute, about 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide. Stamens 20 or more; filaments about 12 mm long, free; anthers 0.2 mm long. Palawan, Iwahig, Bur. Sci. 829 Foxworthy, May, 1906. A species growing near tlie sea, climbing over Xylocarpus, allied to Albizzia myriophylla Roxb., of the Malay Peninsula, but with much fewer jugate leaves, less numerous and differently shaped leaflets, and free filaments. BAU HIN IA Linn. Bauhinia monandra Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 42- (1873) 73; Forest FI. Brit. Burma 1 (1877) 395. Bauhinia richardiana Wall, in Voigt. Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. (1845) 255, non DC. fide Plain. PJumera rnaculata Rich, ex Teysm. & Binn. Cat. Hort. Bog. (1866) 268, non Bauhinia rnaculata Tenore. Bauhinia krugii LTrban in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 3 (1885) 83. Bauhinia kappleri Sagot in Ann. Sci. Nat. VI 1 3 (1882) 317; Urban Symb. Antill. 1 (1899) 83; Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1904) 13; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 17. Luzon, Manila, Merrill s. n. November, 1903: Province of Pampanga, Arayat, Warburg, in Herb. Berol., Merrill 3931f, October, 1904, Bolster 51, May, 1905: 85754—5 266 MERRILL. Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 321/8 Ahern’s collector, August, 1905: Province of Bataan, Lamao, For. Bur. 7 350 Curran, June, 1907. Bohol, Bur. Sci. 1230 Mc- Gregor, May, 1906. There is no doubt but that Bauhinia monandra Kurz is the oldest valid name for this widely distributed species, and it is accordingly here adopted. Material supplied me by Mr. C'raib of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, as representing Kurz’s species is unquestionably the same as our Philippine specimens. In order to verify this I wrote to Dr. Prain, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ivew, who has kindly examined all the material in the Kew herbarium, and who informs me that Bauhinia krugii, and B. Icappleri are unquestionably iden- tical with B. monandra of Kurz, the reductions being also verified by Mr. W. B. Hemsley, and Mr. X. E. Brown. My reduction of Phanera maculata Rich., is based on a specimen so named received from Buitenzorg, taken from a tree in the botanic garden so labelled, and said to have been received from Bourbon under that name. I suspected that it might be the same as B. maculata Tenore, but this is not the case, as Tenore’s description does not at all apply to the present species, although Dr. R. Pampanini of Florence, who kindly supplied me with a copy of the original description, informs me that Tenore’s type does not appear to be extant. The species is now widely distributed in the tropics of the World, and is probably a native of tropical America; it is certainly an introduced species in the Philippines. CYNOMETRA Linn. Cynometra luzoniensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alia; foliis unifoliolatis, foliolis eoriaceis vel subcoriaceis, in sicco brunneis, nitidis, oblongis, usque ad 12 cm longis, reticulatis, apice acute acuminatis, basi late rotunclatis vel subeordatis; fructibus axillaribus, racemosi s, compressis, brunneis, circiter 2 cm longis, verrucoso-lentieellatis, obtusis. A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches light-brown, terete, lenti- eellate. Leaves alternate, unifoliolate, the petiole stout, rugose, 3 to -1 mm long, the single leaflet sessile, oblong, coriaceous or subcoriacgous, brown and shining when dry, 5 to 12 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, the apex sharply acuminate, the base rather broad, rounded or slightly cordate; primary nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the secondary ones and reticulations nearly as distinct, the latter netted, rather close, distinct on both surfaces. Flowers unknown. Infrutescence of axillary, solitary racemes, the rachis about 1 cm long, marked by numerous pedicel-scars, the pedicels about 8 mm in length. Fruits (immature) compressed, inequilateral, the dorsal suture nearly straight, the ventral semicircular, about 2 cm long, 11 to 13 mm wide, brown, lenticellate-verrucose, apex and base rounded. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Laguimanoc, Merrill 212S, April. 1903. A species closely allied to Cynometra simplicifolia Harms, but with larger much more sharply acuminate leaves which are broad and rounded or subcordate at the base and with quite different, much more prominent venation and retic- ulation. The inflorescence of C. simplicifolia is fasciculate and the fruits are usually somewhat falcate, the dorsal suture being frequently incurved. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 267 FLEMINGIA Roxb. Flemingia lineata (Linn.) Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 56; FI. Ind. 3:341; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 228; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 67. Hedysarum lineatum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1054. Flemingia blancoana Llanos Fragm. (1851) 80; Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, 41:62. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, near Malolos, Mrs. Templeton, February, 1909. A species previously known from the Philippines only by F.-Villar’s record, and to which he reduced, and apparently correctly so, Flemingia blancoana. Llanos. India to Siam, the Malay Archipelago and northern Australia. DESMODIUM Desv. Desmodium retroflexum (Linn.) DO. Prodr. 2 (1825) 336; Baker in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 170; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 176. Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5218 McGregor, Sep- tember, 1908. Himalayan region to Tenasserim and southern China; new to the Philippines. ERYTHROPHLOEUM Afzel. Erythrophloeum densiflorum (Elm.) comb. nov. Cynometra densiflora Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 222. Arbor glabra, inflorescentiis exceptis, risque ad 25 m alta; foliis alternis abrupte bipinnatis, pinnis 1- vel 2-jugatis; foliolis oppositis, abrupte pinnatis, 3- ad 5-jugatis, subcoriaceis, nitidis, in sicco brunneis vel pallidis, usque ad 15 cnr longis, valde acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel acutis, leviter inaequalibus ; floribus parvis, spicatis, spicis pnbescentibus, in paniculis terminalibus vel subterminalibus dispositis; petalis 5, im- bricatis, circiter 4 mm longis; ovarium stipitatum, 4-ovulatum; legumi- nibus ligneis, oblongis vel anguste oblongo-obovatis, obtusis, compressis, basi angustatis, longitudinal] ter laxe retieulato-striatis, rectis vel leviter falcatis, dehiscentibus, usque ad 18 cm longis, 4.5 cm latis; seminibus 1 ad 4, compressis, orbicularibus, circiter 3 cm diametro. The type of this species was collected by Mr. Elmer No. 9013, near Lucban, Province of Tayabas, Luzon, in flower, and described by him as Cynometra. densi- flora. It is represented by the following additional material; Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Bulin, For. Bur. 10272 Curran, with nearly mature fruit; Guinayangan, For. Bur. 12507 Rosenbluth ; Dugatan, For. Bur. 10215 Curran ; Apad, For. Bur. 11513 Whitford. A sterile specimen from Mindanao, For. Bur. 9163 Whitford & Hutchinson, may be referable here. Locally known to the Tagalogs as Cainatog or Calamantao. A most interesting addition to our knowledge of the Philippine flora, the genus, up to the present time consisting of about six species, mostly in Africa and Madagascar, one in Australia and one in China. KINGIODENDRON Harms. K ingiodendron alternifolium (Elmer) Merrill & Rolfe, comb. nov. Cynometra alternifolia Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 223. Hardioickia alternifolia Elmer 1. c. (1908) 362. Arbor magna, glabra : foliis imparipinnatis, alternis, rariter oppositis, 268 MERRILL. foliolis 3 ad 5, coriaceis, elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ellipticis, alternis, valde glanduloso-punctatis, plus minus inaequilateralibus, apice acu- minatis, basi acutis vel obtusis ; paniculis axillaribus ; calycibus 5- vel 4-meris, lobis valde imbricatis, glanduloso-punctatis; ovario sessile, dense villoso; fructibus suborbicularibus, ellipticis vel obovoideis, crassis, leviter eompressis, brunneis, ligneis, 3 ad 4 can longis, circiter 3 cm latis, 2.5 cm crassis, indehiscentibus ; seminibus solitariis, albumine ruminato. The type of this species is Elmer 7366 from Leyte, the specimens with im- mature fruits and without flowers, which perhaps accounts for its originally being described as Cynometra. Later Mr. Elmer transferred it to Hardivickia, follow- ing the conception of that genus as defined by Bentham and Hooker. Harms has however proposed the new genus Kingiodendron, based on Hardivickia pinnata Roxb., to which the present species is allied. As we consider Kingiodendron to be a valid genus, the Philippine species is here transferred as the second species of the genus. In addition to the type, cited above, the species is represented b}' the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Guinayangan, Bath s. n., May, 1904 (fruit), Mulanaw and San Narciso, For. Bur. 10327, 10354 Curran, April, 1908 (fruit) : Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10671 Curran (sterile) : Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10624 Curran (sterile). Masbate, Merrill 2761, June, 1903 (fruit), Whitford 1679, October, 1906 (sterile). Ticao, For. Bur. 1084 Clark, May, 1904 (fruit). Panay, Miagao, Viclal 2468 in Herb. Kew. Mindanao, Dis- trict of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 6567 Hutchinson, March, 1907 (immature fruit) ; Port Banga, For. Bur. 9301, 9007, 11036 Whitford & Hutchinson (in flower). The present species is a timber tree of considerable importance, being com- mercially known as Batete. The wood structure has been considered by Fox- worthy 0 who states that it is much like that of Sindora supa Merr., in structure, but is darker and with a greater amount of oil. It is widely distributed in the central and southern Philippines, and is known by the following native names V., Batete ; T., Dangay ; B., Salalangin; in Zamboanga as Palo Maria and Bitanhol, but these two names belong properly to Calophyllum. MEZONEURUM Desf. Mezoneurum latisiliquum (Cav.) comb. nov. Bauhinia ? latisliqua Cav. Icon. 5 (1799) 5, t. 468, in part, excluding descrip- tion and figure of leaves. Mezoneurum glabrum Desf. in Mem . Mus. Paris 4 (1818) 245, t. 10; DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 484; Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 258; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 70; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 103; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 110, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 114; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 64. Caesalpinia torquata Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 336. Mezoneurum procumbens Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 235, ed. 3, 2:73. Luzon, Province of Pampanga, Arayat, Merrill 1438: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1711: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 5958 Curran; Whitford s. n .; Wil- liams 701: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Elmer; Bur. Sci. 6095 Robinson. Mindoro, Paluan, Merrill 956; For. Bur. 9748 Merritt. Negros, For. Bur. 7315 Everett. Basilan, For. Bur. 3978 Hutchinson ; Hallier. Mindanao, Province of This Journal, 2 (1907) Botany 376. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 269 Surigao, Bolster 866 ; Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 262; District of Davao, Copeland lfiO. A common and widely distributed species in the Philippines, for which the earliest specific name is here adopted. Cavanilles’ Bauhinia ? latisiliqua is a mixture, the leaves being those of a true Bauhinia, but the fruit manifestly a Mezoneurum. It was based on material collected in the Philippines by Nee, the fruit, at least, coming from the town of Cavinti in Laguna Province, Luzon. As the specific name was taken from fruit characters, and as the fruit as figured and described is manifestly Mezoneurum, I consider that Bauhinia ? latisiliqua is typified by the fruit, and that it should be considered as Mezoneurum. Local names, T., Camut pusa, Camut e abag, Cabit cabag, Sagnit, Sapnit ; V., Tugabang, TJgabang, Sampinit; in Basilan Sokit, Sampinit. Timor, and according to Baker, in Tenasserim. SESBANIA Pers. Sesbania roxburghii nom. nov. Aeschynomene paludosa Boxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 56, nomen, FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 333. Sesbania paludosa Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. (1897) 82, non Jacq., 1825. Sesbania grandiflora Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 333, non Pers. Sesbania cochinchinensis Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 452 (1876) 271, non DC. Sesbania aculeata var. paludosa Baker in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 115, in part, and excluding the synonym Aeschynomene uliginosa. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Siniloan, Bur. Sci. 6530 Robinson; Santa Maria Mavitac, For. Bur. 10098 Curran, in shallow water in Lake Bay, T., Balalda. Bengal to Burma, southern China and Java. As there appears to be no valid specific name for this species, the above is here proposed. RUTACE2E. EVODIA Forst. Evodia monophylla sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra circiter 3 m alta ; foliis oppositis, unifoliolatis, foliolis 6 ad 13 cm longis, elliptico-lanceolatis, firmiter chartaceis, utrinque pallidis nitidisque, apice acuminatis, basi acutis; cymis pedun- culatis, circiter 1 cm longis ; floribus 4-meris, ovario obtuse 4-angulato. A glabrous shrub about 3 m high. Branches terete, slender, grayish or .grayish-brown, shining, striate when dry. Leaves opposite, unifolio- late, the petiole 0.8 to 3 cm long, the petiolule short; leaflet firmly chartaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, pale and shining on both surfaces, 6 to 13 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, entire, glabrous, the apex acuminate, acumen blunt, the base acute; primary nerves 10 to 13 on each side of the midrib, rather distant, anastomosing, the secondary nerves and rather lax reticulations almost as prominent. Cymes axillary, solitary, ped- uncled, about 1 cm long, when young slightly puberulent. Pedicels about 2 mm long. Calyx-lobes 4, ovate, 1 mm long. Petals 4, oblong- elliptic, acute, punctate, 2.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide. Stamens 4, al- ternating with the petals; filaments 1.7 mm long; anthers 0.8 mm long. 270 MERRILL. Disk prominent, obtusely 4-angled, somewhat undulate. Ovary with four obtuse lobes, sunk in the disk; style very short, simple. Immature carples glabrous. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 6169, November 9, 1906, in forests at about 750 m altitude; flowers pink. A species readily recognizable by its unifoliolate leaves, pale, shining, elliptic- lanceolate, acuminate leaflets, and very short axillary cymes. MELIACE2E. AG LA I A Lour. Aglaia badia sp. nov. § Euaglaia. Arbor 20 ad 25 m alta, ramulis paniculisque densissime badio-lepidotis, subnitentibus ; foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, 4- vel 5-jugatis, 20 ad 25 cm longis ; foliolis oppositis, in sicco branneis, utrinque deeidue brunneo- lepidotis; paniculis axillaribus, folia subaequantibus, pedunculatis ; flor- ibus racemoso-dispositis, minutis, 5-meris. A tree 20 to 25 m high the branches, petioles and intloresence somewhat shining, minutely and very densely brown-lepidote. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 4- or 5-jugate, 20 to 25 cm long, the rachis and petiolules minutely and densely lepiclote; leaflets opposite, brown when dry, chartaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, somewhat shining, deciduously lepidote on both surfaces, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, the terminal one sometimes larger, equilateral, the lateral ones somewhat inequilateral; nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, the reticulations fine, rather lax ; petiolules 8 mm long or less. Panicles axillary, peduneled, nearly as long as the leaves, branched in the upper two-thirds, the rachis, branches, branchlets and calyces minutely and densely brown-lepidote, shining, the lower primary branches 7 cm long, the upper ones shorter. Flowers minute, raeemosely arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx about 1 mm long, densely lepidote, its teeth broad, rounded. Petals about 1 mm long, glabrous. Staminal tube 0.5 mm long, truncate or obscurely toothed free, glabrous ; anthers 5, borne on the upper part of the tube, included. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 7 082, 11305 Klemme, May, 1907, April, 1908, in dense flat- and liill-forests, altitude 5 to 30 in. Cag., Salotoi; Neg., Masaleng. A species in the group with Aglaia hexandra Turcz., but not closely allied to it, well characterized by its brownish color and densely disposed, minute, some- what shining, lepidote scales. Aglaia bicolor sp. nov. § Euaglaia. Arbor 15 ad 25 m alta, ramulis foliolis subtus inflorescentiisque den- sissime cupreo-lepidotis, nitidis ; foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, 30 ad 45 cm longis, foliolis 9 ad 11, alternis firmiter chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, elliptico-oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis, base valde NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 271 inaequaliteralibus, supra glabris; paniculis folia subaequantibus, multi- iioris ; floribus minutis, 5-meris, pedicellatis, in ramulis ultimis racemoso- dispositis; fruetibus ellipsoideis vel anguste obovoideis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, 1-locellatis. , A tree 15 to 25 m high, the branchlets, inflorescence, rachis of the leaves, petiolules and under surfaces of the leaflets very densely cupreous- lepidote, shining. Branches rather stout, lepidote, brownish, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 30 to 45 cm long, the petiole and rachis cupreous-lepiclote, terete; leaflets 9 to 11, alternate, petiolate, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaeeous, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, the apex rather abruptly acuminate, the base very strongly inequilateral, acuminate, the upper surface glabrous, rarely with very few scattered scales, shining, grayish-green when dry, the lower very densely cupreous-lepidote, also shining; nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, straight, rather distinct, obscurely anastomos- ing, the reticulations obsolete; petiolules 1 to 1.5 cm long. Panicles axillary, about as long as the leaves in anthesis, shorter in bud, all parts very densely cupreous-lepidote, shining, many -flowered, the lower primary branches often 20 cm in length. Flowers minute, pedicellate, race- mosely disposed on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 mm long or less. Calyx obscurely toothed, densely lepidote. Petals 5, orbicular, glabrous, 0.6 mm in diameter or less. Stamina! tube obovoid, 0.7 mm long, glabrous, free from the petals, slightly toothed. Anthers 5, in- serted near the apex of the tube, sessile, indexed, 0.2 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, 1.5 cm long, densely cupreous-lepidote, shining, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 1)288 Klemme, June, 1906, (type) : Province of Ilocos Sur, San Quintin, For. Bur. 7117 Klemme, ' April, 1907: Province of Rizal, Antipolo, Merrill 1659, March, 1903, For. Bur. 1/13 Ahern’s collector, February, 1904. A species manifestly allied to Aglaia denticulata Turcz., but distinguished by its more numerous leaflets, which are very much more densely lepidote beneath, longer panicles and much smaller flowers. Tagalog (Rizal) Salamongay; Ne- grito (Cagayan) Matanaota ; llocano, Sal-lapugud. Aglaia everettii sp. nov. § Hearnia. Arbor 10 ad 20 m alta; foliis alternis, circiter 30 cm longis, im- paripinnatis, 2— jugatis, glabris; foliolis oppositis, c-hartaceis vel sub- membranaceis, in sicco pallidis, nitidis, late ellipticis vel elliptico-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel acutis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 14; paniculis axillaribus, foliis longioribus, multifloris, plus minus ferrugineo-lepidotis, pubescentibus ; floribus 5- meris, pedicellatis, in ramulis ultimis dense racemose dispositis. A tree 10 to 20 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, light-gray, shining, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, about 30 cm 272 MERRILL. long, odd-pinnate, 2- jugate; leaflets opposite, chartaceous to submembra- naeeous, when dry pale and shining, glabrous, broadly elliptic to elliptic- obovate, 12 to 20 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide; nerves 10 to Id on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing near the margin, the reticula- tions fine, distinct; petiolules stout, 1 to 1.4 cm long. Panicles axillary, equaling or longer than the leaves, 50 cm long or less, ferruginous-lepidote and somewhat ciliate-pubescent, the lower branches frequently 20 cm in length. Flowers rather densely racemosely arranged on the ultimate branchlets, the pedicels about 1 mm long. Sepals 5, free or nearly so, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long, their margins c-iliate. Petals 5, ovate or orbicular-ovate, glabrous, obtuse, 2 mm long. Staminal tube depressed-globose, glabrous, free from the petals, truncate. Stamens 5, inserted on the edge of the tube, in flexed. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, rounded at the apex, brown, 3 to 4 cm long, 1- or 2-celled, each cell with a single seed. Negros, Province of Negros Occidental, Painguion River, For. Bur. 7319 Everett, March, 1907 (type) ; Cadiz, For. Bur. 15035 Banao, March, 1908. Cebu, Mount Licos, For. Bur. 6^52 Everett, February, 1907. Visayan Bubua, Bunguas. AZADIRACHTA A. Juss. Azadirachta i ntegrifol iola sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 30 m alta; foliolis 12 ad 16, inferioribus alternis, superioribus suboppositis, ovato-lanceolatis, integris, membranaceis, acu- minatis vel acutis, basi inaequilateralibus, rotundatis; paniculis foliis longioribus, anguste pyramidatis, circiter 45 cm longis; floribus pedicel- latis, circiter 7 mm longis; ovario glabro, 3-loculari. A tree about 30 m high, glabrous. Leaves equally pinnate, about 30 cm long, glabrous: leaflets 12 to 16, ovate-lanceolate, the lower ones alternate, the upper opposite or subopposite, membranaceous, glabrous, shining above, 6 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, entire, the apex acute or somewhat acuminate, the base rather strongly inequilateral, broad and rounded on one side of the midrib, narrower and usually acute on the other ; nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, ob- scurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petiolules very short, the leaflets almost sessile. Panicles longer than the leaves, about 45 cm long, glabrous, narrowly pyramidal, many flowered. Sepals ovate, acuminate, about 1 mm long, the margins slightly ciliate. Petals free, oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about 7 mm long, 1.8 to 2 mm wide, recurved, nearly glabrous outside, inside puberulent, the margins slightly puberulent-ciliate. Staminal tube cylindric, 6 nun long, glabrous out- side, slightly narrowed in the middle, somewhat hairy in the upper half inside, the apex with 10 small teeth. Stamens 10, inserted opposite the teeth, the anthers sessile, 0.8 mm long, their apices slightly exserted. Disk none. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 3-celled, each cell with two collateral ovules; style 4 mm long; stigma slightly 3-lobed. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 273 Palawan, Malcampo, For. Bur. 11248 Manalo, March, 1908, said by the col- lector to be common in old clearings, and locally known as Marango. The height is given as 30 m and the diameter of the trunk as 90 cm, while the timber is said to be used for construction purposes. Azadirachta A. Juss. has previously been a monotypic genus, consisting of the one species A. indica A. Juss. extending from India to Java. The species above described can at once be distinguished by its entire leaflets, its panicles much longer than the leaves, not shorter as in A. indica, and its longer flowers. HEYNEA Roxb. Heynea sumatrana Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. 4 (1868) CO; C. DC. Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 714. Scutinanthe engleri Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 298. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9179; Atimonan, For. Bur. 6702 Kobbe. Basilan, Hallier s. n. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines, for Trichilia rimosa Blanco, although reduced to Heynea trijuga Roxb., by C. De- Candole, is, I feel certain, not a Heynea. The type of Scutinanthe engleri Elm., is a specimen with very young fruits, mature fruits or flowers not present, and is manifestly referable to Heynea and not a Burseraceous plant, where it was placed by Mr. Elmer. The Philippine specimens agree closely with those of H. sumatrania Miq., taken from cultivated trees in the Buitenzorg Botanical Garden, and there seems to be little doubt as to their specific identity. Miquel’s species has, however, been reduced by King to Heynea trijuga var. multijuga C. DC., but. a specimen of Wallich 1259 from Penang, the type number of this variety, is in our herbarium and does not agree with our material of H. sumatrana, nor with Miquel’s description, and it seems that while Heynea sumatrana Miq., is not the same as H. trijuga var. multijuga, still it may not be specifically distinct from H. trijuga Roxb. Sumatra. DYSOXYLUM Blume. Dysoxylum klemmei sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum. Arbor subglabra, circiter 16 m alta; foliis alternis, imparipinnatis, 40 ad 45 cm longis, rhachidibus densissime ferrugineo-puberulis ; foliolis circiter 15 cm longis, alternis vel suboppositis, circiter 17, glabris, nitidis, brunneis, apice acnminatis, basi acutis, valde inaequilateralibus, reticnlis obsoletis; paniculis axillaribus folia subaequantibus, densissime ferrugi- neo-puberulis; floribus 4-meris, circiter 5 mm longis. A tree, nearly glabrous except the petioles, young branches and in- floresence. Leaves alternate, 40 to 50 cm long, odd-pinnate, the leaflets about 17, the rachis densely ferruginous-puberulent ; leaflets alternate or subopposite, oblong, about 15 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, subcoriaceous, shining, dark-brown when dry, glabrous, the apex acuminate, the base very strongly inequilateral, one side much narrower than the other and always acute or acuminate, the other side often rounded, sometimes acute and extending farther down the midrib; nerves 8 to 13 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, the reticulations obsolete; petiolules about 1 cm long, glabrous or somewhat puberulent. Panicles axillary, about as 274 MERRILL. long as the leaves, densely ferruginous-puberulent, peduncled, the lower branches about 7 cm long, the upper ones shorter. Flowers pedicelled, glabrous. Calyx about 2.5 mm in diameter, short, obscurely 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, 4 to 5 mm long, about 1.4 mm wide, glabrous. Staminal tube eyclindric, 3 mm long, irregularly toothed at the apex; anthers 8, oblong, 1 mm long, borne at the top of the tube, included. Disk cylindric, 1 mm long, free, the apex densely ferruginous-hirsute. Ovary somewhat ferruginous-hirsute; style 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, San Vicente, For. Bur. 7079 Klemme, May, 1907, in dense hill-forests at an altitude of about 30 m. Neg., Tibungao. A species in the group with Dysoxylum thyrsoideum Hiern., but very different from that species and apparently also from all other allied forms. EUPHOKBIACE2E. AG ROST I STAC HYS Dalz. Agrostistachys pubescens sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis, subtus foliis, inflorescentiiscjue plus minus pubes- centibus; foliis oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis vel chartaceis, circiter 22 cm longis, apic-e acuminatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, minute irre- gulariter glanduloso-serratis vel subintegris, supra glabris, subtus ad costam nervosque plus minus villosis; inflorescentiis foliis longioribus; fructibus dense pubescentibus. A small tree, the branchlets, inflorescence and the under surface of the leaves more or less pubescent. Branches terete, grayish-brown, pubescent, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous, 18 to 25 cm long, 9 to 11 cm wide, oblong-obovate, the apex rather abruptly acuminate, gradually narrowed from just below the middle to the cuneate base, subentire or slightly and distantly irregularly glandular-serrate, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower more or less villous on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves prominent, parallel, 25 to 30 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations distinct, parallel; petioles stout, pubescent, less than 5 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, exceed- ing the leaves, incipient spikes very short, composed of numerous imbri- cate, ovate, acuminate, more or less pubescent bracts mostly less than 1 mm in length, not distichous; mature inflorescence slightly pubescent, the rachis 40 to 60 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits dry, subglobose, dehiscent, 3-celled, about 8 or 9 mm in diameter, outside densely oliva- ceous- or yellowish-pubescent; seeds subglobose, about 5 mm in diameter; shining. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mabayo, For. Bur. 597t0 Curran, January, 1907-, in bamboo thickets along streams. A species readily recognizable in tire genus by its pubescence, the second one to be found in the Philippines. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 275 ANTIDESMA Bunn. Antidesma cordato-stipulaceum sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra 2 ad 3 m alta; foliis oblongis, chartaceis vel sub- coriaceis, nitidis, prominente acummatis, apiculatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14; stipulis persistentibus, foliaceis, late ovatis vel suborbieularibus, basi cordatis, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis; floribus masculinis spicatis, 4- vel 3-meris, calycibus subtruncatis ; staminibus 3. rariter 4; floribus femineis racemosis, calycibus breviter obscureque 5-dentatis, stigmatibus subterminalibus ; fructibus in sicco compressis, 1 cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice obscure acuminatis. A glabrous shrub 2 to 3 m high. Branches slender, terete, glabrous, light-gray. Leaves oblong, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, shining, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, entire, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt, apiculate, base rounded or acute; nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, curved-spreading, anas- tomosing; petioles about 1 cm long; stipules foliaeeous, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide or less, apex acute, rounded, or sometimes somewhat acuminate, base broad, cordate, usually clasping the stem. Staminate inflorescence very slender, of 5 to 10 cm long more or less fascicled spikes from the leaf axils, or from axils below the leaves ; flowers minute, about 1.2 mm in diameter, glabrous, sessile, solitary, more or less scattered, the calyx somewhat saucer-shaped, subtruncate or very obscurely toothed; stamens usually 3, rarely 4, their filaments 0.5 mm long. Pistillate inflorescence of slender, axillary, solitary racemes, 15 cm long or less; flowers more or less scattered in the lower portion, somewhat crowded above, their pedicels 1 mm long or less, each subtended by a minute, oblong, 0.5 mm long bracteole; calyx somewhat cupshaped, obscurely 5-toothed, the margins minutely pubescent; ovary glabrous, ovoid; styles terminal or subterminal. Fruit, when dry, compressed, narrowly ovate, somewhat inequilateral, base rounded, apex somewhat acuminate, 1 cm long, reticulate, reddish, crowned by the somewhat falcate styles. Mindoro, Baco River, Merrill 1807 , .1(048, the former with pistillate flowers, the latter with staminate ones, McGregor 179, 311, the former with pistillate flowers, the latter with fruits; Subaan, For. Bur. 6794 Merritt, with staminate flowers. A very characteristic species, readily recognized by its comparatively large, persistent, ovate, cordate, foliaeeous stipules, as well as by its very slender inflorescence, the staminate being spicate, and the pistillate racemose. Antidesma subcordatum sp. nov. Arbor 10 ad 15 m alta, ramulis, inflorescentiis, foliisque plus minus pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, usque ad 12 cm longis, membranaceis vel chartaceis, plus minus nitidis, utrinque dense molli- terque pubescentibus, apice acuminatis, basi cordatis, subcordatis vel 276 MERRILL. rariter rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8 ; infloreseentiis masculinis spicatis, spicis densis, densissime pubescentibus, solitariis vel fasciculatis. terminalibus, 3 ad 7 cm longis, circiter 3 mm diametro, floribus 5- rariter 6-meris, calycis lobis brevibus, densissime pubescentibus; infloreseentiis femineis spicatis, spicis terminalibus, solitariis ; stigmatibus terminalibus. A tree more or less pubegeent in all parts, 10 to 15 m high. Branches terete, reddish- or grayish-brown, nearly glabrous, lentieellate, the younger branchlets densely and softly pubescent. Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, 6 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, membranaceous or subchartaceous, more or less shining, in the typical form densely and softly pubescent on both surfaces, entire, the apex rather abruptly and somewhat broadly acu- minate, the acumen apiculate, base rather broad, cordate or subcordate, sometimes rounded; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, somewhat ascending, laxly anastomosing; petioles softly pubescent, 5 to 10 mm long. Staminate inflorescence spicate, spikes solitary or fascicled, usually terminating the short lateral branchlets, very dense, cylindric, very densely pubescent, 3 to 7 cm long, about 3 mm in diameter; calyx lobes 5, short, narrowly ovate, acute or obtuse, about 0.G mm long, very densely pubescent. Stamens 4 to 6; filaments glabrous, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Rudimentary ovary densely lanate. Pistillate inflorescence race- mose, the racemes terminating the short lateral branches, solitary, 4 to 6 cm long, the racliis, calyces and bracteoles densely pubescent, the pedicels nearly glabrous ; bracteoles narrowly ovate, more or less acuminate, 1 mm long; pedicels glabrous or nearly so, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx cylindric- cupshaped, 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, Obscurely 5-toothed. Ovary narrowly elliptic, equilateral, with few scattered hairs; styles terminal, each cleft, and the arms also cleft. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 111k, k56k Ramos, the former with staminate, the latter with pistillate flowers; from the same province also Merrill 2813, and For. Bur. 3160 Ahern’s collector. A species well characterized by its very dense cylindric staminate spikes which are very densely pubescent, its more lax racemose pistillate spikes, and its softly pubescent leaves which are acuminate, the base cordate or subcordate and usually oblong or ovate-oblong. Probably as closely allied to A. ghaesembilla Gaertn., as to any other species, but very different in vegetative characters. ACTEPHILA Blume Actephila dispersa (Elmer) comb. nov. Pimelodendron dispersum Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 308. Arbuscula glabra, circiter 3 m alta; foliis submembranaceis, oblongis vel obovatis, integris, nitidis, 15 ad 30 cm longis, apice acutis, vel obscure acuminatis, vel obtusis, basi subacutis vel abrupte obtusis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 13; petiolo 2 ad 4 cm longo; floribus ignotis; fructibus axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, pendulis, depresso-globosis, circiter 2 cm diametro, obscure trigonis, trilocularibus, loculidice dehiscentibus ; seminibus in loculis 2. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 277 Leyte, Palo, Elmer 7245, January, 1906, type number. This species was originally described by Mr. Elmer as a Pimelodendron, but the presence of two seeds in each cell of the mature fruit excludes it at once from that genus and all allied ones. It seems, however, to be referable to Aetephila, and to be closely allied to Aotepliila gigantifolia Koorders of Celebes, but the latter species is described as having the leaves abruptly long-acuminate. The five small calyx- segments described by Mr. Elmer are the squamiform petals, the sepals and petals persisting on the mature fruit. BACCAUREA Lour. B. lanceolata (Miq.) Muell. Arg. in PC. Prodr. 1 52 (1862) 457. Hedycarpus lanceolatus Miq. El. Ind. Bat. 1- (1859) 359. Palawan, San Antonio Bay, Merrill 853, February, 1903. Java and Borneo. The above specimen has somewhat larger leaves than the plants described by Muller-Arg., but seems to be the same species. New to the Philippines. BLACHIA Baill. Blachia philippinensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra, monoica, circiter 5 m alta; foliis alternis, chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 13 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel obtusis, rtervis utrinque circiter 6; floribus umbellatis, umbellis axillaribus terminalibusque ; petalis obovatis, hyalinis et glandulis aequi- longis; staminibus 20, liberis; st}dis revolutis. A glabrous monoecious tree about 5 m high. Branches slender, terete, brownish, the branchlets reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, oblong-ovate, 7 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, brown or greenish when dry, shining, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the base acute or obtuse; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations lax; petioles 5 mm long or less. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, the staminate umbels long-pedunclecl, the peduncles slender, 2 to 3 cm long, each bearing about 12 flowers, the pedicels about 8 mm long. Sepals 5, obovate to elliptic-obovate, 2 mm long, thin, obtuse, imbricate. Petals 5, hyaline, obovate, 1 mm long, broadly rounded at the apex or slightly retuse, not longer than the disk-glands. Stamens 20; filaments 2 mm long, slender; anthers obovoid, 0.3 mm long. Disk- glands quadrangular, truncate. Pistillate flowers in subSessile umbels at the base of the staminate inflorescence. Sepals 5, free, lanceolate, some- what acuminate, 2 mm long, more or less accrescent. Ovary narrow, subglabrous, 3-celled, each cell 1-ovuled ; styles three, elongated, cleft, the style-arms revolute. Palawan, near Puerto Prineesa, For. Bur. 4128 Curran, April, 1906. Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8369 Curran d Merritt, December, 1907 : Province of Ilocos Norte, Cape Bojeador, For. Bur. 13829 Merritt d Darling, November, 1908. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines, and ap- parently distinct from all previously described forms. 278 MERRILL. CROTON L inn. Croton argyratus Blume Bidjdr. (1825) 602; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15= (1862) 526. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. DJ/2 1 Whitford & Hutchinson, February, 1908, in dipterocarp forests at 300 m altitude. Burma to the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo; new to the Philip- pines. Croton ardisioides Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 393. Palawan, For. Bur. 3S31, 4159 Curran, Bur. Sci. Sol Foxivorthy, March and May, 1906. Malay Peninsula and Borneo; new to the Philippines. Dl MORPHOCALYX Thwaites. Di morphocalyx denticulatus sp. nov. Arbor parva, monoica, glabra ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, utrinque angustatis, apice tenuiter gradatim acuminatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, margine glanduloso-denticulatis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, mas- culinis cymosis, cyiiiis brevibus, conges tis, floribus femineis solitariis vel fascieulatis, petalis sepalis brevioribus. A small glabrous monoecious tree. Branches grayish-brown, terete, slender. Leaves alternate, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong- lanceolate to lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, 7 to 15 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, the apex gradually and slenderly acuminate, the base acute, the margins rather distantly and irregularly glandular-denticulate, grayish- brown when dry, shining; nerves 10 or 11 on each side of the midrib, spreading, anastomosing and forming a distinct, submarginal nerve, the secondary nerves rather distinct, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Staminate inflorescence axillary, of short, dense, 1 to 2 cm long cymes, each subtended by two ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5 mm long bracts. Male flowers short-pedicelled. Calyx-lobes 5, elliptic, obtuse, imbricate, about 1.5 mm long. Petals elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, 3 mm long. Stamens about 15, the outer 5 larger than the others, the filaments short, the inner ones more or less united. Pistillate flowers on the same plant, axillary, solitary or fascicled, stipitate, and subtended by several, imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate bracteoles. Calyx somewhat urceolate, the lobes elliptic, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse, in bud much exceeding the petals. Petals, in bud, imbricate, glabrous, elliptic, 3 mm long, obtuse. Ovary ellipsoid or ovoid, obscurely 3-suleate, glabrous, 3-celled, each cell 1-ovuled; styles 3, more or less united below, cleft, in bud recurved. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9033 Whitford it Hutchinson, December, 1907, in dipterocarp forests at an altitude of about 30 m. A species well characterized by its glandular-denticulate leaves. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 279 E VERETTIODEN DRON gen. nov. Flores dioici, apetali. Discus nullus. FI. $ : Sepala 4, valvata Petala 0. Stamina 4, filamentia subnullis; antherae erectae, basifixae, minutae, subglobosae, loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarii rudi- mentum 0. FI. 2 : Ovarium 3-loculare, ovula in loculis geminata, angulo centrali loculorum affixa, collaterals, raphe ventrali ; styli 3, ereeti patentes vel curvati, incrassati, integri, a basi papilloso-stigmatosi. Fruc- tus ovoideus vel depresso-globosus, exocarpio suberoso, endocarpio duro, fere osseo, 3-loculari, loculicide 3-valvato. Arbor ramulis inflorescentiis ovarioque dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus. Folia alterna, longe petiolata, penninervia, integra, coriacea. Inflorescentia axillaria, flores 2 numerosi, paniculati, bracteolati, $ solitarii vel ( ?) racemosi, pauci. Everettiodendron philippinense sp. nov. Arbor 15 ad 20 m alta; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblong-ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, integris, coriaceis, usque ad 18 cm lougis, in sicco brunneis, nitidis, glabris vel subtus ad nervos parce pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, distinctis, ascendentibus, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis; petiolo 2 ad 5 cm longo; floribus masculinis in paniculis angustis axillaribus dispositis, minutis, 4-meris, bracteolatis, congestis, dense ferru- gineo-pubescentibus; floribus femineis ignotis, ut videtur solitariis vel breviter racemosis, ex fructibus immaturis ovario dense ferrugineo-pubes- centi, 3-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis; fructibus axillaribus, solitariis, ovoi- deis vel depresso-globosis, circiter 3 cm diametro. A tree 15 to 20 m high, the young branches and inflorescence densely ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, brown or reddish-brown, glab- rous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, 9 to 18 cm long, 4.5 to 8 cm wide, brown and shining when dry, entire, glabrous or somewhat pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves beneath, the apex usually prominently and sharply acumi- nate, the acumen sometimes subfalcate, the base acute, rarely somewhat rounded ; nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, ascending, slightly curved, anastomosing near the margin, the reticula- tions lax; petioles often ferruginous-pubescent ultimately subglabrous, 3 to 5 cm long, slightly thickened at the apex and sometimes a little geniculate. Staminate inflorescence in the upper axils, of narrow, 3 to 5 cm long, racemose panicles, all parts of it densely ferruginous-pubescent, the branches short, each one subtended by an ovate bract about 3 mm long, the flowers minute, sessile, congested, subtended by bracteoles similar to but smaller than the bracts. Sepals 4, free, valvate, acute or slightly acuminate, ovate, pubescent, 2 mm long. Petals none. Stamens 4, in the center of the flower, with no staminodes and no disk; filaments very short or subobsolete; anthers globose, basifixed, minute, about 0.2 mm in 280 MERRILL. diameter, 2-celled, apparently longitudinally dehiscent. Rudimentary ovary none. Pistillate flowers unknown, but from the fruiting specimens axillary, solitary or (?) shortly racemose, the sepals from immature fruits lanceolate, acuminate, densely pubescent, 7 mm long, deciduous. Ovary ovoid, densely pubescent, 3-celled, each cell with two pendulous ovules in the upper inner angle; styles 3, simple, free or slightly united at the base, erect, spreading or incurved, thickened, their backs ferrugi- nous-pubescent, their inner surfaces papillose-stigmatose from base to apex. Fruit, when young, ovoid, densely pubescent, when nearly mature depressed-globose, glabrous or nearly so, 3 cm in diameter, the exocarp corky, the endocarp hard, almost bone-like in texture, 3-celled, loculicid- ally 3-valved; seeds (immature) ellipsoid-ovoid, glabrous. Negros, Hiraugaan River, For. Bur. 7282 Everett, May 22, 1907, with stanii- nate flowers, in dense forests at 60 m altitude; same locality, For. Bur. 7316 Everett, March, 1907, sterile. Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Salasa, For. Bur. 9633 Zschoklce, December, 1907, in forested stream-depressions, sterile: Province of Zambales, Bolet River, near Santa Cruz, For. Bur. 8230 Curran c£ Merritt, December 4, 1907, with immature fruits, on forested slopes at an altitude of 270 m: Province of Cagayan, Calamaniugan, For. Bur. 11311 Klemme, November 14, 1907, with nearly mature fruits, in forests at 15 m altitude. Local names, Pangasinan Ebnel; Cagayan Maraculilem. Mr. Zscliokke notes that the tree is cut for lumber ; Messrs. Curran & Merritt that the tree has a very thin brick-red bark which is red inside, and that the tree is subject to heart-decay, while the native ranger accompanying Mr. Klemme states that the fruit is used as a condiment in the preparation of food. The affinities of this new genus are not clear to me, although following Bentliam and Hooker, and Pax in Engler and Prantl, it apparently falls in the Phyllantheae of the former, and in the Platylobeae-Phyllanthoideae-BrideUae of the latter, except in the latter case the petals are wanting, and moreover the present genus does not resemble any of those placed here by Pax. The sepals are not in the least imbricate, so far as I can determine, but assuming that they are slightly so, or that the above form is anomalous in this respect, it would then fall into the Platylobeae-Phyllanthoideae-Phyllantliineae, and under this into the Drypetinae, near Putranjiva Wall., and Petalostigmd F. Mull. ; it is however very different from both these genera, although its affinity may be here. There is a possibility that it does not really belong in the Euphorbiaceae, but I have been unable to place it elsewhere. The above new genus is dedicated to Mr. H. D. Everett, one of the collectors, and formerly a forester in the Philippine Forestry Bureau, who lost his life at the hands of members of the wild tribe inhabiting the interior of southern Negros, while prosecuting field work there in May, 1908. GALEARI A Zoll. & Mor. Galearia filiformis (Blume) Boerl. Handl. FI. Nederl. Ind. 31 (1899) 282. Antidesma filiforme Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1124. Bennettia filiformis Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 52 (1862) 1038. Bennettia javanica R. Br. PI. Jav. Rar. (1852) 249, pi. 50. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mres, Clemens's, n. May, June, 1906-7. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 281 The Mindanao specimens do not agree perfectly with Galearia filifonnis as described by Robert Brown and Mueller-Arg., but in the absence of authentic material for comparison, I can do no better, at the present time, than refer them here. The chief point of difference seems to be that the petals of the Philippine specimens are not strongly cucullate. Hooker f.7 states that the sections founded by Mueller-Arg. on the hooded petals are not tenable. The genus is new to the Philippines. Java. GELONIUM Roxb. Gelonium racemulosum sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra eirciter 1 m alta; foliis oblongis vel lanceolate- oblongis, pallidis, nitidis, glanduloso-pnnctatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, versus apicem grosse irregulariter repando-dentatis, basi acutis vel acu- minatis ; inflorescentiis masculinis oppositifoliis, racemulis binis, pauci- floris, brevibus, petiolo vix longioribus ; sepalis obtusis, plus minus cucullatis; staminibus eirciter 16; fructibus depresso-globosis, eirciter 1 cm diametro, plus minus trigonis, loculicide dehiscentibus. A shrub or undershrub about 1 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches grayish, slender, the ultimate ones slightly angled. Leaves alternate, glabrous, pale when dry, glandular-punctate, shining, oblong to lanceo- late-oblong, 9 to 20 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, chartaceous, the apex acuminate, the apical portion very coarsely and irregularly repand- dentate, otherwise entire,, the base acute or slightly acuminate ; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles stout, 3 to 4 mm long. Staminate flowers racemose, leaf-opposed, the racemes in pairs, scarcely as long as the petioles, few- flowered, flowering from the base to the apex, the lower flowers opening first and falling, so that there is usually but two or three flowers on a raceme, the rachis slender, the pedicel-scars prominent. Sepals elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, more or less cucullate, imbricate. Stamens about 16 ; filaments free, 2 mm long ; anthers oblong, 0.8 mm long. Disk-glands small. Rudimentary ovary none. Pistillate flowers unknown, but the calyx, from the fruit, as in the staminate ones. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, about 1 cm in diameter, obtusely trigonous, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved, each cell 1-seeded; styles per- sistent, free, each shortly cleft, the arms very short, recurved. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9260, 93-'i9 Whitford cC- Hutchinson, January, 1908, in dipterocarp forests 20 to 30 m above sea level. A species well characterized by its leaves being coarsely repand in the apical portion, and especially by its paired, short racemes, the staminate flowers of most species of the genus being glomerate. 85754 6 FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 377. 282 MERRILL. HOMALANTHUS A. Juss. Homalanthus bicolor sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra, eirciter 2 m alta; foliis longissime petiolatis, cordato- ovatis, breviter acuminatis, basi latis, leviter cordatis, interdum leviter peltatis, glabris, chartaceis, supra olivaceis, subtus glaueo-pallidis, nervis utrinque 11 ad 15, petiolo 8 ad 20 cm longo ; floribus ignotis ; fructibus in racemis congestis, obovoideis vel obovoideo-orbicularihus, compressis, griseo-brunneis, loculicide 2-valvatis. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high. Young branches dark-brown, glabrous. Leaves alternate, very long-petioled, cordate-ovate or subor- bicular-ovate, the base broad, cordate, the apex shortly acuminate, entire, 7 to 13 cm long and nearly as wide, chartaeeous, glabrous, the upper surface olivaceous, the lower very pale, subglaucescent ; petiole 8 to 20 cm long, glabrous, with two more or less prominent glands at the apex, sometimes peltately inserted about 5 mm from the margin of the leaf, more often marginally inserted; stipules caducous, thin, brown, lanceo- late, sharply acuminate, about 7 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruit crowded, racemose, the racemes about 4 cm long; pedicels spreading or somewhat reflexed, about 8 mm long ; fruit obovoid or orbicular-obovoicl. compressed, about 8 mm long, grayish-brown, 2-celled compressed at right angles to the dehiscence, loculicidally 2-valved, crowned by the style which is nearly as long, and which is cleft nearly to the base. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. Jfi'22 M earns & Hutchinson, altitude about 350 ni. Moro Topi. A species allied to Homalanthus populneus Pax, and to H. fastuosus F.-Vil., and somewhat intermediate between the two, distinguishable from the former by its much larger leaves and larger fruits, and from the latter by its non- or but slightly peltate leaves. MACARANGA Thouars. Macaranga congestiflora sp. nov. § Pachystemon. Arbor parva eirciter 4 m alta ; foliis sub orbicular ibus, subintegris vel leviter trilobatis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi late peltatis, supra nitidis, subtus paree hirsutis, glandulosis, radiato 8-nerviis; petiolo 10 ad 15 cm longo; inflorescentiis axillaribus caulinisque, 1 ad 3 cm longis, femineis racemosis, masculinis breviter racemoso-paniculatis, congestis, bracteis pectinato-laciniatis, ceraceo-glandulosis, pubescentibus ; ovario 2-4-loc- ulare. A small tree about 4 m high. Branches dark-brown, glabrous or more or less pubescent, the young branc-hlets slightly brownish-pubescent. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, broadly peltate, suborbicular, subentire or slightly and broadly 3-lobed,.the apex slightly acuminate, base rounded, 10 to 20 cm in diameter, subcoriaceous, rather pale when dry, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower somewhat hirsute, especially on the nerves, and with numerous scattered waxy glands; nerves radiate, the NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 283 basal ones 8, prominent; nerves leaving the midrib above the base about 6 on each side, the reticulations distinct; petioles 10 to 15 cm long, terete, pubescent. Inflorescence axillary and from the stems below the leaves, the staminate fasciculate, dense, of very short racemose panicles 2 cm long or less, their branches 1 cm long or less, gray-pubescent; braeteoles cuneate, pubescent, yellow-glandular, about 5 mm long, lacerate- pectinate; stamens few: pistillate inflorescence axillary and from the axils below the leaves, racemose, usually solitary 3 cm long or less, pubescent, each raceme few-flowered; pedicels stout, pubescent, 2 mm long; calyx pubescent, cup-shapecl, truncate, about 2.5 mm long; ovary globose, densely yellowish waxy-glandular, 2- to 4-celled; styles recurved, more or less pectinate ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, lacerate-pectinate, more or less pubescent, 6 to 8 mm long. Palawan, near Puerto Princesa, For. Bur. 3590, 3591 Curran, January, 1900, in old clearings at about 20 m above sea level, the former with staminate flowers, the latter with pistillate ones. This species probably belongs in the section Pachystemon, although 2-, 3-, and 4-celled ovaries were found on the same plant. It is well characterized by its suborbicular, nearly entire or slightly 3-lobed leaves, and especially by its short, congested, axillary and eauline inflorescences, the staminate being paniculate, and the pistillate racemose. M ALLOT US Lour. Mallotus korthalsii Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 52 (1862) 976. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Aparri, For. Bur. 17072 Curran, February, 1909. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9017 Whitford <£ Hutchinson, November, 1907. New to the Philippines; previously known only from Borneo and Celebes. IVUCRODESMIS Planch. Microdesmis caseariaefolia Planch, in Hook. Ic. PI. (1844) sub. t. 758; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 52 (1862) 1041. Palawan, near Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 21/9 Bermejos, December, 1905; Mount Victoria, For. Bur. 1/138 Curran, Bur. Sci. 732 Foxwortliy, March, 1906. Balabac, \Merrill 5380, October, 1906. Burma to southern China, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo. The genus is new to the Philippines except for a single specimen collected in Palawan by Vidal and reported without specific name by Ceron;8 Vidal’s specimen in the Ivew herbarium, is apparently identical with the material here referred to Planchon’s species. OSTODES Blume. Ostodes serrato-crenata sp. nov. Arbor subglabra 8 ad 12 m alta; foliis cbartaceis vel subcoriaceis, in sicco brunneis, nitidis, oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, usque ad 30 cm longis, basi acutis vel acuminatis, apice breviter acuminatis, margine gross irregulariter crenato-serratis, dentibus glanduliferis ; nervis utrinque Cat, PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 151. 284 MERRILL. cireiter 17, prominentibus ; inflorescentiis masculinis axillaribus vel pseucl- oterminalibus, elongatis, floribus in glomerulis congestis, pins minus stellato-ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; staminibus cireiter 12. A subglabrous tree 8 to 12 m high. Branches light-gray or brownish- gray, glabrous, striate, lenticellate, the young branehlets ferruginous- stellate-pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 15 to 30 cm long, 6 to 13 cm wide, brownish and shining when dry, glabrous or with very few scattered stellate hairs beneath, the base acute or some- what acuminate, the apex short-acuminate, margins coarsely and irreg- ularly crenate-serrate, the teeth bearing glands at their apices; nerves about 17 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the primary reticulations _ rather distinct, the ultimate ones faint ; petioles 4 to 7 cm long, glabrous or with few, scattered, stellate hairs, frequently slightly geniculate at the apex. Staminate inflorescence axillary and pseudoterminal, slender, elongated, 20 to 40 cm long, the branches few, short, the flowers densely crowded in reduced, scattered cymes, glomerate, the racliis and branches ultimately glabrous or nearly so, the younger parts more or less stellate- or furfuraceous-pubescent. Buds more or less trigonous; sepals (in bud) orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, strongly imbricate, the exposed por- tions densely stellate-pubescent. Petals similar but glabrous, and in bud somewhat smaller. Stamens about 12. Pistillate flowers and fruit unknown. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Aparri, For. Bur. 11271. April 190S; San Vicente, For. Bur. 7078 Klemme, May, 1907. In dense forests 20 to 65 m above seadevel, known to the Negritos as Tagalipa and Aguindulong . The genus is new to the Philippines. STROPH IOBLACH I A Boerl. Stroph ioblach ia fimbricalyx Boerl. Handl. FI. Nederl. Ind. 31 (1900) 236. Palawan, For. Bur. 1)501), 71)58 Curran, June, 1905, 1900, Bur. Sci. 21)1 Bcr- mejos, near the seashore. Mindanao, district of Zamboanga, Mearns 111), Jan- uary, 1904. An interesting addition to the Philippine flora, and especially to the long list of species known only from the Philippines and Celebes. A monotypic genus known previously only from Celebes. ANACARDIACE2E. PLEIOGYN I U M Engl. P. solanderi (Benth.) Engl, in DC. Monog. Phan. 4 (1883) 255. Spondias solanderi Benth. FI. Austral. 1 (1863) 492. Spondias pleiogyna F. Muell. Fragm. 4:78. Luzon, Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 2166, 3168 Ahern’s collector, December, 1904, and June, 1905, the former, with mature fruits, from Tanay, the latter, with staminate flowers from Antipolo. A monotypic genus, previously known only from northern Australia, and its NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 285 discovery in Luzon is a striking addition to the list of Australian types in the Philippine flora. The Philippine form was at first considered by me to be an undescribed species, but after a careful examination of the description, and comparison with material from the Port Jackson District, Australia; coll. J. IT. Camfield, December, 1907, I am at loss to discover any character by which the Philippine plant can be distinguished from the Australian except the unscientific one of geographical distribution. It is possible that a revision of the genus will lead to the characterization of more than one species, for Bentham, in the original description, states that it is quite glabrous in all of its parts, while Engler describes the young branches and leaves as densely pilose, the Philippine specimens and the one Australian specimen before me agreeing with the latter. ACERACE2E. ACER Linn. Acer curran ii sp. nov. § Integrifolia. Arbor glabra usque ad 25 m alta; foliis concoloribus, nitidis, glabris, integris, coriaceis, reticulatis, ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, 3- vel 5-nerviis, usque ad 13 cm longis; floribus masculinis corymbosis, corymbis axillaribus, brevibus, glabris; fructibus 4 cm longis, alis angulo acuto divergentibus, paullo introssum falcatis. A glabrous tree 25 m high or less, the trunk reaching a diameter of 110 cm. Branches terete, smooth, glabrous, reddish-brown, with few scattered lenticels. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, coriaceous or sub- coriaceous, shining, glabrous, of the same color on both surfaces, distinctly reticulate, 9 to 13 cm long, 5 to 6.5 cm wide, entire, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base usually broad and rounded, sometimes blunt, rarely acute; basal nerves one or two pairs, the outer pair, when present, short, the lateral nerves above the basal ones usually 4 on each side of the midrib, distant, very prominent, the primary reticulations very prominent, rather lax, the ultimate ones fine; petioles 2 to 5 cm long. Male inflorescence axillarjq corymbose, about 2 cm long, glabrous, the branches few, short ; pedicels 2 to 5 mm long. Sepals 4, free, oblong- ovate, 2 to 3.5 mm long, about 2 mm wide. Petals 4, similar to the sepals but narrower. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted in the disk on its outer side; filaments 2 to 3 mm long; anthers about 1 mm in length. Disk lobecl, fleshy, glabrous, very thick; bracts subtending the inflorescence numerous, ovate, coriaceous, closely imbricated, 3 mm long, their upper margins pubescent, deciduous, leaving a thickened, rough base to the inflorescence 2 to 3 mm long and 2 thick, strongly and densely marked by the bract-scars. Pistillate flowers unkown. Infrutescence corymbose, 10 cm long or less, glabrous, with few branches, the fruit, including the wing, 4 cm long, the wings diverging at an acute angle, slightly falcate, 10 to 13 mm wide. 286 MERRILL. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bar. 6254 Curran, Feb- ruary, 1907, with nearly mature fruit, in forests at an altitude of about 550 m (type) : Province of Benguet, Mount Ugo, Bar. Sci. 570S Ramos, December, 1908, staminate flowers: Province of Abra, Tue, For. Bur. 14582 Darling, February, 1909, sterile, altitude 1,000 m. Known to the Igorots in Abra as Baleag. A species manifestly allied to the Asiatic Acer laemgatum Wall., but with different leaves which are usually broad and rounded at the base, and with 4- merous staminate flowers. It is quite different from the only other species of the genus known from the Philippines, A. philippinum Merr., that species having the leaves very glaucous beneath, and the staminate inflorescence racemose. The latter species is a shrub or small tree, while the present one is a large tree. A third species is possibly represented by sterile material, For. Bur. 10948 Curran, Mount Data, District of Lepanto, Luzon, the young leaves being densely tomentose beneath. SABI AGILE. MELIOSMA Blume. Meliosma monophylla sp. nov. Arbor parva; foliis simplicibus, alternis, oblanceolatis, integris, bran- neis, nitidis, nsqne ad 35 cm longis, 7 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi sensim decurrento-acuminatis ; nervis utrinque cireiter 20, prominentibns, ascendentibus, anastomosantibus ; panicnlis terminalibns axillaribusque, dense ferrngineo-pnbescentibus, 15 ad 20 cm longis ; lloribus numerosis, minutis, ad apices ramnlorum congestis. A small tree, more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, lenticellate, somewhat ferrugineous-pubeseent. Leaves simple, oblanceo- late, 20 to 35 m long, 5 to 7 cm wide, subcoriaceous, brownish when dry, shining, entire or with few irregular and obscure teeth above, the apex acuminate, the base long and slenderly decurrent-acuminate, glabrous on the upper surface, except on the somewhat pubescent midrib, beneath with scattered hairs especially on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves about 20, prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct ; petioles pubescent, 2 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles terminal and in the upper axils, 15 to 20 cm long, densely ferruginous-pubescent, the lower branches spreading. Flowers small, crowded on the ultimate branchlets, sessile, the bracts more or less pubescent. Outer three petals orbicular, 1.5 to 1.8 mm long, the inner two linear, cleft, about 1 mm long. Stamens 2, about 1 mm long. Ovary compressed, glabrous, 2-celled, the style short, simple. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Tanay, Merrill 2339, May, 1903; Antipolo, For. Bur. 431 Ahern’s collector, February, 1904; Montalban, For. Bur. 3406 Ahern’s col- lector, November, 1905, distributed as Semecarpus perrottetii March, which they remotely resemble. T., Malaligas. The first simple leaved form to be found in the Philippines, manifestly allied to Meliosma lancifolia Hook, f., of the Malay Peninsula, but apparently sufficiently distinct. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 287 RHAMNACE7E. VENTILAGO Gaertn. Ventilago dichotoma (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 32, excl. syn. V. luzoniensis Vid. Enrila dichotoma Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 709. Ventilago monoica Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 124; ed. 3, 1:223. Ventilago maderaspatana F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 48, ex syn. Blanco, non Gaertn. Kurrimia gracilis Vid. Rev. PL Vase. Filip. (1886) 89. Ventilago gracilis Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 110. Luzon, Province of Rizal, San Mateo, Vidal 1122 in Herb. Kew., type of Kurrimia gracilis Vid,; Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3073 Ahern’s collector , May, 1905, in flower; Pilea, Bur. Sci. 3303 Ramos, June, 1907, in fruit; Montalban, Loiter 4685, 4686, in Herb. Kew. sub Galearia. Endemic. The type of Blanco’s new genus and species, Enrila dichotoma, was from San Mateo, Province of Rizal, Luzon, and all the above specimens are from the same province, and agree with his description. The genus Enrila was placed by Bentham in the Anacardiaceae, as a doubtful one, but Blanco properly localized it, in the second edition of his Flora de Filipinas, although in reducing Enrila to Ventilago, he changed the specific name. It was reduced by F.-Villar to Ven- tilago maderaspatana Gaertn., which is certainly an error. Having only flowering specimens, Vidal redescribed the species as Kurrimia gracilis, of the Celasl raceae, but failed to connect Blanco’s species 'with it, and later in looking over Vidal’s specimens in the Kew Herbarium, Mr. Rolfe and myself found Vidal’s type to be a Ventilago, rather than a Kurrimia, and accordingly transferred the species to the former genus. In making the original transfer of Ventilago dichotoma, I cited as a synonym, Ventilago luzoniensis Vid., but this is an error, as an exami- nation of Vidal’s type shows that this species is quite distinct from the one here considered, and one to which Blanco’s description does not apply. Ventilago oblongifolia Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1144; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1l (1855) 640. Palawan, Puerto Prineesa, Bur. Sci. 264 Bermejos, December, 1905. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, near Norzagaray, Yoder 105, December, 1906. New to the Philippines; previously reported only from Java. Ventilago luzoniensis Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 90. F. 'maderaspatana Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 32, f. I)., non Gaertn. Luzon, Province of Tarlac, La Paz, Vidal 198, in Llerb. Kew. This endemic species somewhat resembles the preceding one, but is distinguish- able by its much smaller leaves. Ventilago lucens Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 330. Luzon, Province of Tayabas (Principe), Baler, Merrill 1105, August, 1902. This species has previously not been reported from the Philippines, but so far as I can determine at present the specimens well represent Miquel’s species, although I have not seen the type. King ” states that Ventilago lucens Miq. must be very near, if not identical with V. leiocarpa Benth., but the specimen above referred to F. lucens Miq., is quite distinct from material in our herbarium from Hongkong and from Singapore, supposedly representing Bentham’s species. Sumatra. 0 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 65- (1896) 380. 288 MERRILL. ZIZYPHUS Juss. Zizyphus hutchinsonii sp. liov. Arbor glabra vel subglabra, inermis; foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaeeis, ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis, acuminatis, minute crenulatis, basi valde ina- equilateralibus, supra nitidis, subtus plus minus glaucis, trinerviis, reti- culis tenuibus, obscuris; fructibus globosis, circiter 1.5 cm diametro, carnosis, glabris, in sicco nigris. A tree 15 to 25 m high, glabrous or nearly so throughout, spineless. Branches terete, slender, minutely lenticellate, black or nearly so when dry, glabrous, the growing parts sometimes slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, coriaceous or subeoriaceous, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, glabrous, the upper surface greenish or brownish when dry, shining, the lower surface more or less glaucous, the margins minutely crenulate, the apex slightly acuminate, acumen obtuse or acute, the base strongly inequilateral, rounded on both sides of the midrib, or rounded on one side and acute on the other ; nerves three, prominent, the nervules and reticulations very fine, obscure, more prominent on the upper surface than on the lower ; petioles 6 to 8 mm long, sometimes slightly pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruits globose, glabrous, black and shining when dry, about 1.5 cm in diameter, the pericarp fleshy, the stone bony, two- or three-celled; seeds brown, shining, compressed, 5 mm long. Basilan, Matangal Point, For. Bur. $444 Hutchinson, December, 1905, in forests at about 10 m altitude, said to be abundant locally and known to the Yacans as Toncud langit. It is also represented by For. Bur. 9265 Whitford <1 Hutchinson, from Port Banga, District of Zamboanga, Mindanao, January, 1908. ELAEOOARPACE2E. ELAEOCARPUS Linn. Elaeocarpus curranii sp. nov. § Dicera. Arbor 15 ad 30 m alta, ramulis infloreseentiisque exceptis, glabra; foliis anguste obovatis vel oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice obtuse acuminatis apiculatisque, basi euneatis, margine valde crenato- serratis; racemis numerosis e axillis defoliatis, folia subaequantibus vel brevioribus; petalis laeeratis, basi agustatis, subglabris; staminibus cir- citer 12, cellulis antherae aequalibus obtusis; ovario glabro; fructibus ellipsoideis, circiter 2 cm longis, 1-locellatis. A tree 15 to 30 m high glabrous or nearly so except the young branch- lets and inflorescence. Branches terete, gray or brown, lenticellate, the young branchlets, as well as the petioles and sometimes the young leaves appressed-pubescent, obovate, rarely oblanceolate, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 4 cm wide, firmly chartaceous to subc-oriaceous, usually brownish and somewhat shining when dry, the apex acuminate, acumen usually short, blunt, apiculate, sometimes minutely retuse, the base narrowed, cuneate, the margins strongly crenate-serrate, when young sometimes slightly NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 289 hairy, ultimately glabrous ; nerves 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, spreading-ascending, slightly curved, their axils not glandular, the re- ticulations indistinct; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, when young pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Racemes numerous, 5 to 7 cm long, on the branches below the leaves, the rachis and pedicels more or less pubescent, in fruit becoming quite glabrous; pedicels about 5 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, with very few scattered hairs on the back or glabrous, the margins densely pubescent. Petals as long as the sepals, the upper one-third or one-half lacerate, base narrowed, glabrous or with few scattered hairs on the back and especially at the base. Stamens about 12; anthers 1.8 mm long, cells equal, blunt, not apiculate or ciliate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 3-celled; style 2 mm long, glabrous. Disk pubescent. Fruit ellipsoid about 2 cm long, 1-celled, the endocarp osseous, rugose. Luzox, Province of Cagayan, Aparri, For. Bur. 11314 Klemme, in flower, April, 1908; Province of Zambales, Subic, For. Bur. 841,918 Maule, April, June, 1904, in fruit: Province of Bataan, Lamao, For. Bur. 7 506 Curran, September, 1907, in flower: Province of Tayabas, Lagumanoc, For. Bur. 4 Ware, in flower, September, 1903, (type) : Province of Camarines, Sipocot, For. Bur. 7 05 Van Wiclcle, May, 1904, in fruit. Local names, Cagayan Cumao ; Zambales Tagatoy, Malacadios • Tayabas Camaysahan; Camarines Maloc-maloc. A species allied to Elaeocarpus cumingii Turze. but readily distinguished by its glabrous ovaries and vegetative characters. Elaeocarpus luzonicus sp. nov. § Monocera. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, glabra, racemis exceptis ; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, nitidis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine crenatis, subtus in axillis glandulosis; racemis axil- laribus, pubescentibus, folia aequantibus vel longioribus; petalis oblongo- obovatis, supra simpliciter fimbriatis, extus leviter argenteo-pubescentibus ; staminibus circiter 24, cellulis antherae inaequalibus, posticis apiculatis, vix ciliatis; ovarium 2-loculare. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous throughout except the inflorescence. Branches ' terete, brown or grayish, not or but obscurely lenticellate. Leaves subcoriaceous oblong-lanceolate, or sometimes elliptic-lanceolate. 5 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, shining, beneath sometimes subglaucous, the apex shortly, or sometimes rather long- acuminate, acumen obtuse, base cuneate, margins crenate ; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the axils beneath mostly prominently glandular; petioles 1 to 1.4 cm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, 6 to 8 cm long, the rachis and pedicels appressed-pubeseent with pale, often shining hairs, the pedicels 5 to 6 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, thin, sparingly appressed-silvery-pubescent outside, the keel within, and the margins white- villous. Petals thin, oblong-oboyate the upper one-third simply fimbriate, 6 to 7 mm long, the back appressed-silvery-pubescent, the margins and lower part of the inner surface white- villous. Stamens about 24; anthers scabrid, 2 to 2.5 mm long, one cell slightly longer .than 290 MERRILL. the other, apicnlate, not ciliate. Ovary pubescent, ovoid, 2-celled; style glabrous' about 5 mm long. Disk pubescent. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Isarog, For. Bur. 10J/S8 Curran, May, 1908, in forests at about 1,000 m altitude. A specimen collected by Rosenbluth, Bur. Bur. 12220, from either Mindoro or Lubang is possibly referable here, but it has more strongly acuminate leaves, and no axillary glands. Probably most closely allied to Elaeocarpus inultiflorus (Turcz.) F.-Vill., but quite distinct from that species. Elaeocarpus subglobosus sp. nov. § Ganitrus. Arbor 10 ad 20 m alta glabra, partibus junioribus intlorescentiisque exceptis; foliis oblongis, firmiter ehartaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis, margine leviter crenatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; racemis axillaribus, pubesc-entibus, foliis multo brevioribus; floribus 5-meris, petalis laciniatis; staminibus circiter 25; ovario 5-loculare; fructibus subglobosis 5- vel 4-locellatis, circiter 12 mm diametro. A tree 10 to 20 m high. Branches terete, dark-grayish-brown, gla- brous, the younger branehlets, petioles and young leaves rather densely pubescent with appressed, pale, often shining hairs. Leaves oblong, firmty ehartaceous, 7 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, not or but slightly shining, glabrous except the very youngest ones, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, base acute, margins slightly crenate; nerves, 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct, forked, obscurely anastomosing, the axils of the primary nerves and of the larger reticulations glandular ; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, at first appressed-pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Racemes axillary, solitary, 2 to 4 cm long, appressed-pubescent, the pedicels about 5 mm. long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, acuminate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm wide, pubescent outside, keeled within. Petals as long as the sepals, lacinate to the middle, slightly hairy on the margins below. Stamens about 25 ; anthers linear, scabrid, one cell slightly longer than the other and ciliate at its apex. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, 5-celled; style 5 mm long, glabrous. Fruits purple, globose to obscurely globose-ellip- soid, about 12 mm in diameter, 5-rarely 4-celled, the endocarp bony. Luzon, Province of Benguet. Baguio, For. Bur. 18317 Alvarez, December, 1908; Williams 1036, October, 1904. Allied to Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Sell., but quite distinct, MALVACEAE. KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Kosteletzkya batacensis (Blanco) F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 24. Hibiscus batacensis Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 544, ed. 2 (1845) 380. ed. 3, 2:334. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 3315 M earns, January, 1907 : Prov- ince of Rizal, Pasay, F. de la Liana, February, 1908, Normal School distribu- tion 3 27. The rediscovery of Hibiscus batacensis is considered worthy of record, as the species has not otherwise been collected since Blanco’s time. F.-Villar gives a NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 291 description in Latin, taken entirely from Blanco’s original description, and states that he had seen no specimens. An examination of Blanco’s description shows that it applies unmistakably to Kosteletzkya, and F.-Villar was quite correct in making the transfer to the latter genus. On studying the above specimens, I found that they agreed with none of the descriptions of the various species of Kosteletzkya, other than Blanco’s but- thinking that the species might be an introduced one here, I sent specimens to Kew for comparison, and received the following communication: “The specimen of Kosteletzkya batacensis does not match any of the species in the Kew Herbarium, from America or elsewhere, and in view of the wide distribution of the genus, America, Mediterranean region, Tropical Africa and Madagascar, the existence of an endemic Philippine species is not theoretically improbable.” Blanco’s type was from the town of Batac, Prov- ince of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, and the species is probably endemic in the Philip- pines. STERCULIACE2E. LEPTON YCHl A Turcz. Leptonychia banahaensis (Elmer) comb. nov. Grewia banahaensis Elmer Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 319. Arbuscula glabra vel subglabra, circiter 3 m alta ; foliis alternis, glabris vel subglabris, lanceolatis vel oblongo-laneeolatis, 7 ad 13 cm longis, nitidis, membranaceis vel submembranaceis, apice caudato-aeu- minatis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis, minute glanduloso-punctatis, subtus in axillis glandulosis; nervis utrinque 5, ascendentibus, prominen- tibus; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, pedicellatis ; petalis orbicularibus vel ovato-orbicularibus, pubescentibus, circiter 2 mm longis, liberis ; staminibus 10, 5-aclelphis, basi in annulo connatis ; staminoideis ex- terioribus nullis, interioribus 5, brevibus, phalangibus alternantibus ; ovario 3-loculare ; fructibus ovoideis vel obovoideis, glabris, rugosis, 3- vel abortu 2- vel 1-locularibus, loculicicle dehiscentibus, loculis 1-spermis; seminibus ovoideis, glabris, leviter compressis, nitidis, circiter 1.3 cm longis, arillatis. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7569, May, 1906, type number: Province of Laguna, Santa Maria Mavitae, For. Bur. 10069 Curran, February, 1908; Mabalucbaluc Pass. Bur. Sci. 6044 Robinson, March, 1908. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines, and erroneously described by Mr. Elmer as a Grewia, of the Tilaceae. The species strongly resembles the Malayan Leptonychia heteroclita (Roxb.) Kurz., but differs in the total absence of the external row of staminodes. GUTTIFERAE. CALOPH YLLUM Linn. Calophyllum auriculatum sp. nov. § Apetalum. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, glabra, gemmis ferrugineo-puberulis exceptis, ramis teretibus, griseis, ramulis crassiusculis, in sicco valcle angulatis sul- catisque; foliis subsessilibus vel breviter petiolatis, coriaceis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-obovatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, rariter subacutis, basi distincte auriculatis. Inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis 292 MERRILL. vel binis, glabris, folia multo brevioribus, floribus paucis, umbellato- racemosis, longe pedicellatis ; fructibus ellipsoicleis vel ovoideis, circiter 2 cm longis, in sicco rugosis. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous throughout except the terminal buds which are densely ferruginous-puberulent. Branches terete, light-gray, the branchlets stout, gray or yellowish, strongly angled and sulcate. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petioled, coriaceous, shining, oblong- elliptic to oblong-obovate, 14 to 18 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the apex obtuse, rounded, or rarely subacute, the base distinctly auricled, the lower surface paler than the upper, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, very prominent beneath, the lateral nerves very numerous, more distinct on the upper surface than on the lower; petioles none, or very stout and less than 3 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, solitary or in pairs, rarely more than 3-flowered, the flowers umbellately disposed at the apex of the peduncle which is 1 to 1.5 cm long or less, the pedicels slender, 1 to 2 cm long, elongated in fruit. Buds globose. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens indefinite. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, about 2 cm long, rugose when dry, the pedicels in fruit frequently 4 cm in length. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2339 (type), February 20, 1905, Copeland 1617, February, 1905: Lake Lanao, Camp Iveitliley, Mrs. Clemens 1019, May, 1907. Basilan, For. Bur. 6126 Hutchinson, July, 1906. A species much resembling Calophyllum venulosum Zoll. of Java, differing especially in its shorter petioles, the auriculate bases of the leaves, and the terminal buds only puberulent, not sericeous. CRATOXYLON Blume. 1. Petals inappendiculate § Ancistrolobus. 2. Flowers in axillary, short, few-flowered cymes 1. C. chinense 2. Flowers in terminal, often leafy panicles. 3. Leaves distinctly petioled, lanceolate or rarely^oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed at both ends; panicles ample 2. C. celebicum 3. Leaves shortly petioled or subsessile; oval to elliptic, or oblong-ovate, base usually broad, rounded, often subcordate; panicles usually small. 3. C. blancoi 1. Petals with a basal squamule; flowers in few-flowered, axillary cymes. § Tri- desmis 4. C. formosum 1. Cratoxylon chinense (Retz.) comb. nov. Hypericum chinense Retz. Obs. 5 (1789) 27. Hypericum cochinchinense Lour. FI. Cochincli. (1790) 472. Hypericum biflorum Lam. Eneycl. 4 (1797) 170. Ancistrolobus ligistrinus Spacli Suit. Buff. 5 (1836) 358. Cratoxylon polyanthum Korth. Verhandl. Nat. Geschied. Bot. (1839-42) 175, t. 36; Dyer in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 257; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1- (1859) 516; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1886) 74. Cratoxylon ligustrinum Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1852) 16. Cratoxylon biflorum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 361 (1863) 580. Culion, Merrill 1/5 If. Southern China to Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. NEW OR' NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 293 This species is rather variable, and is apparently rare in the Philippines, although it has previously been reported from the Archipelago by both Vidal and F.-Villar. What is apparently the earliest valid name is here adopted, as Britten 10 shows that the part of the volume of Lamack’s work containing the description of Hypericum biflorum really appeared in the year 1797, and not in 1789, the date given on the title page. 2. Cratoxylon celebicum Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1852) 16; Merr. in For. Bur. (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 39. Ancistrolobus floribundus Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3 11 (1858) 382. Cratoxylon floribundum F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 16; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 95, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 92; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 96. Cratoxylon polyanthum F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 15, non Korth. Cratoxylon sumatranum Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 308, non Blume. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 5246, 11316, 11312, 12270 Klemme: Province of Ilocos Norte, Cuming 1221, type number of Ancistrolobus floribundus Turcz. : Province of Benguet, Elmer 6061 : Province of Pangasinan, Cuming 965, Merrill s. n. : Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8434 Curran: Province of Zam- bales, Merrill 2111, 2928, Bur. Sci. 2593 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 6922 Curran, For. Bur. 85 7 Maule: Province of Laguna, Hallier, Elmer: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1157 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 1689, 2823: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 6292 Curran, For. Bur. 1601, 2713, 3035 Borden, Whitford 27, Merrill 3152, Williams 102: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 7183 Curran, Yoder 209, For. Bur. 11173 Aguilar: Manila, Ahern 728: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6039 Kobbe, Merrill 2609, For. Bur. 7077/7/ Curran: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10568 Curran. Mindoko, For. Bur. 4071, 11390 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Davao, Williams 2790, DeVore A Hoover 165, 169, Copeland 883: Province of Surigao, Ahern 358: Agusan Valley, For. Bur. 7594 Hutchinson. A species widely distributed in the Philippines, and somewhat variable, in some forms approaching Cratoxylon blancoi Blume, but usually readily distin- guished from that species by its much narrower, differently shaped leaves, and larger panicles. It is well represented by Naves’ plate, cited above. Cratoxylon floribundum (Turcz.) F.-Vill., appears to be in all respects identical with C. celebicum Blume, and is accordingly here reduced. The wood is considerably utilized in the manufacture of charcoal, the common name for charcoal, uling, appearing in most of the native names. Common names: T., Guyong-guyong ; Cag., Uttuj Zamb., Panagulingon ; V. (Surigao), Vlingonj Manobo (Agusan Valley), Vlingun. Celebes. 3. Cratoxylon blancoi Blume Mus. Bat. Ludg.-Bat. 2 (1852) 17; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 95, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 51; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 96. Hypericum olympicum Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 613; ed. 2 (1845) 429; ed. 3, 2:416, non Linn. Ancistrolobus micradenius Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3 11 (1858) 382. Cratoxylon micradenium F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 16. Cratoxylon arborescens Vid. Cat. PI. Prov. Manila (1880) 17, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 10, f. A.; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 16, non Blume. Cratoxylon sumatranum . F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 16, non Blume. Cratoxylon hornschuchii Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 254, non Korth. 10 Journ. Bot. 44 (1906) 319. 294 MERRILL. Luzon, Province of lloeos Sur, For. Bur. 7107 Klemrnc: Province of Benguet. Elmer 61/55: Province of Pangasinan, Merrill 2866, small form: Province of Bu- lacan. For. Bur. 7165 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 5192 Curran: Prov- ince of Bataan, For. Bur. 11/78 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, Cuming 700: Province of Camarines, Ahern 31, 828, For. Bur. 101/22: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10582 Curran. Bohol, Cuming 1822, type number of Ancistrolobus micradenius Turcz. Masbate, For. Bur. 991 Clark. Negros, For. Bur. 12339 Everett. Mindanao. District of Zamboanga. Ahern 655; Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clem- ens 1/61/. Basilan, Hallier s. n. Like the preceding species widely distributed in the Philippines, and even more variable than that, approaching it in some forms. The extreme form can, however, be readily distinguished by its broader, differently shaped leaves, which are broad, rounded, and biauriculate at the base, and very short petioled. It is unquestionably the form described by Blanco as Hypericum olympicum, on which Blume based his Cratoxylon blancoi, although it is probable that Blanco included both this, and the more common C. celebicwm, in his species. Cratoxylon blancoi Blume is undoubtedly very closely allied to C. hornschuchii Blume. Common names: T., Guyong-guyong, Cansilay; II., Pang., Baring cocoron; B., S aling-gogon; V.. Oringon, Pagalingan. Endemic. Var. apiculatum var. nov. Differ! a typo foliis minoribus, 4 ad 6 cm longis, anguste obovatis, basi angustatis, apice latis, abrupte breviter apiculato-acuminatis. Guimaras, Buena Vista, For. Bur. 31 Gammill, August, 1903, V., Cansilay. 4. Cratoxylon formosum (Jack) Dyer in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 258; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 95, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 52, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 10, f. B ; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 16. Elodea formosa Jack in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1 (1834) 374. Tridesmis ochnoides Spach Suit. Buff. 5 (1836) 358. Hypericum aegyptium Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 615; ed. 2 (1845) 430; ed. 3, 2:418, non Linn. Luzon, Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6959 Curran, Merrill 2115, 2950: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11169 Aguilar: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 2385 Foxworthy : Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 1/81, 2879 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 1710, 2638: Province of Tayabas, Elmer 9109, For. Bur. 10276 Curran, Merrill 3997. Culion, Merrill 581/. Guimaras, For. Bur. 283 Gammill. Leyte, Cuming 1751/. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9339 Whit ford t£ Hutchinson . Common names: T., Aligogon, Banga, .Apang ; Zamb., Cayantol ; V., Camon- tayo. Siam to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. HYPERICUM Linn. Hypericum loheri sp. nov. Abuscula glabra circiter 1 m alta ; foliis oblongis vel elli.ptico-oblongis, ehartaceis vel subcoriaceis, circiter 3 cm longis, glanctuloso-punctatis, subtus snbglaucis, subsessilibus, apice aentis vel brevissime acuminatis, nervis tenuibus, utrinque 5 ad 7; florilms axillaribus solitariis, longe pedicellatis, circiter 2 cm diametro; stylis coalitis; ovario 5-loculare. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high. Branches slender terete, reddish- NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 295 brown rarely somewhat grayish. Leaves opposite, oblong or elliptic- oblong, 12.5 to 3 cm long, 7 to 12 mm wide, firmly chartaceous or sub- coriaceous, shining, narrowed and acute at both ends or the apex very shortly apiculate-acuminate, glandular-punctate, beneath slightly glau- cous; nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure, the reticulations obsolete; petioles very short or none. Flowers white, axi- llary, solitary, about 2 cm in diameter, their pedicels about 1 cm long, with three or four pairs of short imbricate bracteoles at the base. Sepals ovate, acute or obscurely acuminate, 1.5 mm long. Petals oblong-obovate, inequilateral, 10 to 12 mm long, 6 to 7 mm wide, apex more or less obliquely subtruncate or rounded. Stamens 5-adelphous ; filaments 5 to 9 mm long. Ovary and style 11 mm long, the former narrowly oblong- ovoid, 5-eelled, the latter consisting of five entirely united styles. Cap- sules about 10 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, crowned by the style, septici- clally 5-va-lved ; seeds 1 mm long, thick-spindle-shaped. Lt'zox, Province of Benguet, Ambuldao, Loher 66 in Herb. Kew. ; Mount Ugo, Bur. Sci. 5716 Ramos, December, 1908: Province of Zambales, Mount Pinatubo, Bur. Sci. 2562 Foxivorthy, April, 1907. A species apparently most closely allied to Hypericum formosanum Maxim., and H. giraldii Keller. FLACOURTIACEJE. AHERN I A gen. nov. Flores hermaphroditi. Sepala 4 vel 5, imbricata, in petala transeuntes. Petala 10 ad 15, sepalis consimilia seel interiora gradatim angustiora. Stamina indefinita, epipetala vel perigyna, filamentis filiformibus, elonga- tis ; antherae parvae, abbreviatae, loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium ovoideum vel ellipsoicleum, 1-loculare, placentae 5, oo-ovulatae; stylus simplex; stigmate minuto, obscure 3-lobato vel subdisciforme. Fructus ovoideus vel ellipsoideus, oo-spermus, pericarpio crustaceo, obscure longitudinaliter sulcato, indehiscente. Semina obovoidea, plus minus compressa. Arbor subglabra. Folia alterna, chartacea vel sub- membranacea, acuminata, integra vel supra obscure repando-crenata, basi 5-nervia vel 5-plinervia, 2-glandulosa. Flores mediocres in racemis sim- plicibus axillaribus dispositi. A hernia gland ulosa sp. nov. Arbor subglabra 8 ad 15 m alta; foliis alternis, ovatis vel oblongo- ovatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, chartaceis vel submembranaceis, acuminatis, basi obtusis, rotundatis vel subtruncatis, 2-glandulosis, 5-nerviis vel 5- plinerviis ; floribus circiter 1 cm longis, in racemis axillaribus solitariis dispositis, hermaphroditis. A tree 8 to 15 m high, glabrous except the infloresence and fruits. Branches terete, brownish-gray, glabrous, obscurely lenticellate. Leaves alternate, estipulate, ovate or oblong-ovate, chartaceous or submembra- naceous, 9 to 15 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, glabrous, shining and nearly MERRILL. 296 the same color on both surfaces, entire or obscurely repand above, the apex rather abruptly acuminate, the base usually broad, rounded or sub- truncate, and with two glands either on the margins at the juncture with the petiole, or on the petiole itself ; basal nerves 5, the outer shorter pair from the very base of the leaf, the inner and longer more prominent pair leaving the midrib a short distance above the base and extending to beyond the middle, the lateral nerves above the basal ones two or three on each side of the midrib, ascending, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, rather lax; petioles 2.5 to 4.5 cm long. Bacemes in the upper axils, solitary, in flower 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, few-flowered, in fruit somewhat longer, densely gray-pubescent, the pedicels 5 to 8 mm long, longer in fruit. Petals and sepals scarcely distinct, and irregularly arranged, the sepals 4 or 5, ovate, acute or slightly acuminate, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, densely pubescent outside, strongly imbricate, the outer two or three entirely free, the inner two or three more or less united with the petals and usually staminiferous ; petals 10 to 15, similar to the sepals, and like them densely gray-pubescent, of equal length but narrower, gradually narrower inwards, the innermost ones linear and only 1 to 1.5 mm wide, all more or less imbricate and all connate below. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the base of the petals and on the inner sepals; filaments very slender, elongated, very slightly united at the base, 6 to 10 mm long; anthers minute, longitudinally dehiscing, less than 0.5 mm long. Ovary free, densely gray-pubescent, slightly stipitate, ovoid or ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, 1-celled, with 5 parietal placentae, each bearing numerous ovules; style simple, terminal, glabrous or slightly pubescent at the base, 2 to 4 mm long; stigma minute, subdisciform or obscurely 3-lobed, not larger than the st}de. Fruit crustaceous, indeliis- cent, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long, apiculate, densely gray-pubes- cent, obscurely longitudinally ribbed ; seeds many, obovoid, often irreg- ularly compressed, black, shining, the testa crustaceous, the albumen fleshy. Barely flowers are found with an imperfect ovary which is nearly glabrous, and contains no ovules. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Banajao, For. Bur. S039 Curran & Merritt, November, 1907, in forests at an altitude of about 600 m, in flower: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2005 Ahern’s collector, November, 1904, with nearly mature fruits: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Williams 531, January, 1903, with mature fruits, in forests at an altitude of about 110 m. This new genus is somewhat anomalous, but seems to be most closely allied to Oncoha Forsk., differing in its hermaphrodite flowers, its inner perianth lobes smaller than the outer ones, the stamens slightly united and inserted on the petals and sepals, its racemose inflorescence, etc. In its perianth characters it seems also to approach Pyramidocarjms Oliver, of Africa, but is quite different from that genus in other floral characters. The above new genus is dedicated to Major George P. Ahern, Director of Forestry for the Philippine Islands, in commemoration of his active interest in, and strong support of botanical investigations in the Archipelago during the past nine years. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 297 HOMALIUM Jacq. Homalium curranii sp. nov. § Myriantheia. Arbor circiter 16 m alta, glabra, inflorescentiis exceptis; foliis oblongo- ellipticis, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acutis, margine leviter crenatis, nervis utrinque 8 ; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque, paniculatis, folia aequantibus, dense pubescentibus ; floribus 4- vel 5- meris; sepal is anguste oblongis, 5 mm longis, pubescentibus; petalis sepalis aequilongis, oblongo-spatulatis ; staminibus brevibus, 12 vel 15. A tree about 16 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches brown, terete, lenticellate. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 18 to 20 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, coriaceous, shining, acute at both ends, margins slightly crenate ; nerves 8 on each side of the midrib ; rather distinct beneath, the reticulations rather close; petioles stout, rugose, 1 cm long, Panicles terminal and axillary, as long as the leaves, densely pale-pubescent, the branches scattered, spreading, few, the lowest ones often 10 to 12 cm long, bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pubescent 4 to 5 mm long, the bracteoles similar but much smaller. Mowers greenish-white, very shortly pedicelled, racemosely disposed, the buds densely pale-pubescent. Sepals four or five, narrowly oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent, 5 mm long, 1.5 nun wide. Petals as long as the sepals, less pubescent, oblongo- spatulate, obtuse, 1.8 mm wide, base narrowed. Stamens in groups of threes opposite each petal; filaments glabrous, about 1 mm long. Ovary villous ; styles usually four, glabrous, short. Luzon, Province of Benguet, near Twin Peaks, For. Bur. 10811 Curran, De- cember, 1908, on river banks. A species allied to Homalium luzoniense F.-Vill., and to H. villarianum Vid., but quite distinct from both in its floral characters. HYDNOCARPUS Gaertn. Hydnocarpus subfalcata sp. nov. Arbor subglabra 5 ad 15 m alta, dioica; foliis subcoriaceis vel coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis rectis vel leviter subfalcatis, glabris, nitidis, valcle caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis vel rariter obtusis, integris, nervis utrinque 5, obliquis, prominentibus ; floribus axillaribus, femineis solitariis, pedicellatis, masculinis paniculato-racemosis, sepalis petalis staminibusque 5; fructibus pyriformibus, usque ad 6 cm longis, dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, basi valde angustatis. A subglabrous dioecious tree 5 to 15 m high. Branches terete, slender, gray, the younger branch lets often brown, the growing tips more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate to oblong-lan- ceolate or lanceolate, 8 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, straight or slightly subfalcate, shining, usually brownish when dry and paler beneath, the margins entire, the apex strongly caudate-acuminate usually falcate, the acumen blunt, the base acute, rarely 85754 7 298 MERRILL. obtuse ; nerves 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent, sharply ascend- ing, slightly curved, obscurely anastomosing, usually brown when dry in contrast to the pale lower surface of the leaf, the reticulations tine, distinct ; petioles 5 to 10 mm long, often slightly pubescent. Flowers small, 5-merous, the pistillate ones solitary, axillary, on 3 to 4 mm long pedicels; sepals free, imbricate, ovate, 2 to 4.5 mm long, the inner two much larger than the outer ones, pubescent; petals suborbicular, 3 mm in diameter, membranaceous, rounded, ciliate; ovary ovoid, 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, 1 -celled with three parietal placentae, the ovules numerous ; stigmas 3, spreading, flattened, 2 mm long. Staminate flowers small, in very short paniculate racemes, the inflorescence slightly pubescent, axillary, solitary, about as long as the petioles; sepals 5, free, ovate, acute or acuminate, the two inner ones larger than the outer, about 3 mm long in bud, outside ferruginous-pubescent; petals 5, ovate or rounded, membranaceous, ciliate, each with a large orbicular, ciliate scale at the base, about 1 mm in diameter ; rudimentary ovary none ; stamens 5; filaments stout, tapering upwards, 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1 mm long, about 0.6 mm long, the connective rather broad. Fruit pyriform, indehiscent, the pericarp crustaceous, rather brittle when dry, densely brown- or ferruginous-pubescent, when mature about 6 cm long, the base much narrowed; seeds about 8 in each fruit, ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, often irregularly compressed, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Luzon, Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5906 (type), 5994 Curran, January, 1907, with staminate flowers and fruit, For. Bur. 379, 91 7 Maule, March, June, 1904, the former with pistillate flowers, the latter with fruit; Merrill 2934, Hallier s. n.: Province of Tayabas (Principe), Baler, Merrill 1006. Common names given in Zambales are Mala usa, Dalinias, Binting dalaga, and Pu.tian ; in Baler Ngeret. This species is closely allied to H. venenata Gaertn. of Ceylon, but differs in its less numerously nerved and entire leaves, and in its fruit being strongly narrowed at the base, and pyriform in shape. Although the Ceylon flora is not especially closely allied to that of the Philip- pines, and although the Flacourtiaceae is not strongly represented in either region, this family contains a striking series of species peculiar to the two, including the above which is manifestly closely allied to Hydnocarpus venenata Gaertn., a species confined to Ceylon; the genus Osmelia with but four known species, two closely allied ones confined to the Philippines, one in Celebes, and one in Ceylon; and the genus Trichadenia, previously a monotypic one and confined to Ceylon, but of which a second species has now been found in Luzon. TRICHADENIA Thwaites. Trichadenia ph il ipp inensis sp. nov. Arbor dioica, subglabra, 15 ad 20 m alta; foliis longe petiolatis, coria- ceis vel subcoriaceis, elliptico-oblongis vel oblongis, nitidis, glabris, 14 ad 30 cm longis, integris vel supra obscure repandis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis; nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, prominentibus ; racemis axilla- ribus, solitariis, usque ad 10 cm longis, ferrugineo-puberulis, calycibus irregulariter 2- vel 3-lobatis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 299 A dioecious subglabrous tree 15 to 20 m high. Branches stout, brown or grayish, glabrous, terete, with very large leaf-scars, the ultimate branchlets densely ferruginous-pubescent; stipules linear-lanceolate, pubes- cent, decidous, about 6 mm long. Leaves alternate, coriaceous or sub- coriaceous, shining, elliptic-oblong or oblong, 14 to 30 cm long, 6 to 15 cm wide, glabrous, entire, or the margins in the upper portion slightly and obscurely repand, the apex rather abruptly and sharply acuminate, the base broad, rounded; nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, rather lax; petioles 3 to 8 cm long, when young ferruginous-puberulent, ultimately glabrous. Flowers in axillary, solitary, ferruginous-puberulent - racemes which are 10 cm long or less : pistillate flowers pedicillate, the calyx glabrous, splitting from the top into two or three irregular lobes ; petals 5, free, ovate to elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide, glabrous except the oblong-lanceolate, densely pubescent scale on the inside, which is nearly 3 mm long; ovary ovoid, pubescent, 1 -celled, with three parietal placentae, each with one ovule; styles three, short; stigmas three, thick, large, subpeltate, irregularly lobed : staminate flowers similar to the pistillate, the irregular calyx divisions reflexed in anthesis ; stamens 5; filaments 2.5 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, 2-locellate. Fruit (immature) subglobose, glabrous, 2 cm in diameter, 1-seeded, the pericarp crustaceous when dry. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Tanay, Merrill 2280 pistillate flowers; Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2982 Ahern’s collector, staminate flowers, Bur. Sci. 261/9 Ramos, staminate flowers: Province of Laguna, Santa Maria Mavitac, For. Bur. 10065 Curran, February, 1908, sterile: Province of Tayabas, Lagumanoe, For. Bur. 9 Ware, immature fruit. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 695, with detached fruit. A species closely allied to Trichadenia zeylanica Thwaites, the type of the genus, but is readily distinguished by its more numerously nerved, entire or nearly entire, glabrous leaves, as well as by its smaller flowers, the calyx spditting irregularly from the top. A most interesting discovery, the genus previously consisting of the single species T. zeylanica Thwaites, confined to Ceylon. Local Tagalog names are given by Ramos as Tadong or Tandong, and by Ware as Malapingan. LECYTHIDACEflE. BARRINGTON I A Forst. Barrington ia balabacensis sp. nov. § Stravidium. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, glabra; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, nitidis, 25 ad 40 cm longis, basi acuminatis, apice breviter abrupteque acumi- natis, margine minute crenato-serratis, nervis utrinque 16 ad 18, pro- minentibus; spicis axillaribus, usque ad 40 cm longis; fructibus anguste oblongis, circiter 10 cm longis, 2.5 cm diametro, plus minus quadran- gulatis. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous throughout. Leaves oblong, cliarta- ceous, shining, 25 to 40 cm long, 8 to 12 cm wide, the base somewhat 300 MERRILL. acuminate, the apex sharply and abruptly acuminate, the acumen about 1 cm long, the margins rather finely crenate-serrate or in the lower part subentire; petioles 3 to 6 cm long; nerves 16 to 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct. Spikes axillary, many-flowered, in anthesis 10 to 15 cm long, in fruit up to 40 cm in length and somewhat thickened. Flower-buds sessile, each subtended by three bracteoles, a lanceolate, acuminate middle one about 5 mm long, and two lateral, much smaller ones. Calyx-tube 5 mm long, somewhat quadrangular, the lobes three, one of which is some- times split at the apex, ovate, obtuse, about 6 mm long. Petals 4, elliptic, 1.3 cm long. Mature flowers not seen. Fruit narrowly oblong, about 10 cm long, 2.5 cm thick, somewhat quadrangular, the angles rounded, the style persistent in young fruits, slender, 5 cm long. Balabac, Bur. Sci. 422 Mangubat, March, 1906. A species said by the collector to be rare, growing in forests, and used by the natives to poison fish. N. v. (Moro), Ulam. COMBRETACE^E. COMBRETUM Linn. Combretum extensum Roxb. Ilort. Beng. (1814) 28; FI. Ind. 2 (1824) 229; King in Journ. As. Soc. beng. 6 6- (1897) 337. Palawan, Mount Pulgar, Bur. Sci. 54 7 Foxworthy, March, 1906. Mindoro, Madrugo River, For. Bur. 4074 Merritt, April, 1906. British India to the Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, and Java; new to the Philippines. TERMINALIA L inn. Terminalia comintana (Blanco) comb. nov. Bucida comintana Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 856, ed. 2 (1845) 265, ed. 3. 2:48. Terminalia chebula F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 80, non Retz. Terminalia multiflora Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 34. Terminalia polyantha Presl Epim. Bot. (1851) 213? Luzon, Province of Zambales, Canad, For. Bur. 5891 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, Cape Bolinao, For. Bur. 8381 Curran cC- Merritt: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Merrill 2796 (type of Terminalia multiflora Merr.), 2647, For. Bur. 2984 , 2009 Ahern’s collector. For. Bur. 10035 Curran, Bur. Sci. 3265 Ramos: Province of Batangas, San Jose, Guerrero s. n. (topotype of Bucida comintana Blanco) : Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Elmer 6990 , Whitford 1257 : Province of Tayabas (Infanta), Tinuan River, Whitford 767: Province of Cama- rines, Mount Isarog, For. Bur. 10448 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur. 6193, 8708 Merritt, For. Bur. 1:2211 Rosenbluth. Ticao, For. Bur. 1030 Clcvrk. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9063 Whitford & Hutchinson. Local names ; Zambales Bingas, Batitinan; Pangasinan Magtalopoi ; Rizal Naghubo, Palauag, Saplungan; Batangas Dinglas; Tayabas (Infanta) Bangias; Camarines Tiroon; Mindoro Bangias; Ticao Batitinan-babaye ; Zamboanga Malatagum, Batitinan. Blanco’s Bucida comintana has previously been considered as a doubtful species, and I have expressed the opinion 11 that it was referable to the genus Calycopteris, and that F.-Villar was wrong in transferring it to the genus Terminalia. While n Govt. Pab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 34. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 301 F.-Villar was certainly in error in transferring Blanco’s species to Terminalia chebula Retz., I am now of the opinion that he was correct as to the genus, and that Bucida comintana Blanco is identical with the species previously described by me as Terminalia multiflora. Through the kindness of Dr. Leon Guerrero, member of the Philippine Assembly, we have been able to secure specimens of the tree locally known as Dinglas in the town of San Jose, Province of Batangas, which native name was cited by Blanco in his original description and from which town Blanco secured his specimens. A similar name occurs on speci- mens from Zambales, Bingas, while Bingias is applied to the same species in the Province of Tayabas, and in Mindoro. Blanco did not have mature fruits when he described the species, and apparently assumed that the calyx was persistent in ripe fruits; the calyx-rim is, however, very early deciduous. The specific name is from an old name of the Province of Batangas, according to Blanco. Terminalia polyantha Presl is probably not specifically distinct from the above species, but there are slight differences in the leaves. I previously reduced Presl’s species to Terminalia catappa Linn., from the abridged description given by Miquel, to which species it is not at all allied; a specimen of Cuming 1516, on which the species was based, is now in our herbarium. A specimen from Celebes in the Kew Herbarium, collected by Beccari, is probably referable to Terminalia comintana (Blanco) Merr., which species is otherwise not known from outside of the Philippines. Terminalia quadrialata sp. nov. Arbor glabra, 15 ad 35 m alta; foliis oblongo-obovatis vel elliptico- obovatis, subcoriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, a.piee breviter acu- minatis, basi sensim angustatis, decurrento-alatis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 20, distinctis, reticulis obscuris ; paniculis terminalibus, ramis patulis ; fructibus 2 ad 3 cm longis, apice retusis, regulariter 4-alatis, alis tenuiter coriaceis vel submembranaceis, 1 ad 1.3 cm latis. A tree, glabrous throughout, 15 to 35 m high. Branches rather stout, grayish or reddish-brown, lenticellate. Leaves somewhat crowded to- wards the apices of the branches, oblong-obovate to elliptic-obovate, 15 to 25 cm long, 4 to 10 cm wide, subcoriaceous, shining, glabrous, of about the same color on both surfaces when dry, the apex shortly acuminate, rarely subobtuse, gradually narrowed towards the base which is somewhat decurrent; nerves 15 to 20 on each side of the midrib, distinct, parallel, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles stout, usually 5 mm long or less, but the lamina sometimes decurrent to the branch, so that the leaves often appear to be sessile or subsessile. Flowers unknown. Fruiting panicles terminal, 20 cm long or less, the branches spreading, sometimes reflexed, the lower ones sometimes 8 cm long, with few secondary branches, or unbranched, the upper ones gradually shorter, scattered, more or less thickened towards their apices, and in the apical portions bearing many pedicel-scars. Fruit, including the wings, ellip- soid or suborbicular in outline, 2 to 3 cm long, nearly as wide, retuse at the apex, rounded at the base, the seed-bearing portion very narrow, thin-walled, usually but 5 mm thick; wings four, equal, thinly coriaceous or submembranaceous, 1 to 1.3 cm wide, transversely nerved; seeds oblong, 6 to 7 mm long. 302 MERRILL. Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Sua, For. Bur. 4526 Zschokke. Masbate, For. Bur. 12562, 12558 (type), 12583, 12597, 12814 Rosenbluth. Samar, For. Bur. 12617, 1287 4 Rosenbluth. In forests up to 100 m altitude. A species well characterized by its four-winged fruits, the wings all the same width, very thin, and the seed-bearing portion very narrow. All the specimens cited bear the native name Toog. M E LA ST O M A T A C E2E . ME DIN ILL A Gaudicli. Medinilla curranii sp. nov. Frutex seandens, glabra : ramis ramulisque teretibus ; foliis verticillatis, quaternis, elliptico-ovatis, aeutis vel breviter acuminatis, circiter 14 cm longis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, 5-plinerviis, petiolatis ; cymis axilla- ribus, brevibus, pancifloris ; floribus 4-meris, circiter 3 cm longis. A scandent shrub, glabrous throughout. Branches and branchlets terete, gray. Leaves verticillate, quaternate, elliptic-ovate, about 14 cm long, 6 to 7 cm wide, chartaeeous, or subcoriaceous, shining, the base acute, the apex acute or very shortly acuminate; nerves 5, the middle one prominent, the lowest pair leaving the midrib near the base, the upper pair at 2 or 3 cm above the base, reticulations obsolete; petioles about 1.5 cm long. Cymes from the branches, in the axils of fallen leaves, usually solitary, few-flowered, the peduncles about 1 cm long. Flowers white and pink, nearly 3 cm long. Calyx cup-shaped, about 11 cm long, truncate. Petals 4, about 20 mm long, 9 mm wide above, narrowly obovate, narrowed below. Stamens 8, unequal; filaments about 7 mm long; four anthers about 18 mm long, and four 10 to 12 mm long, the anterior lobes two, about 1.5 mm long, the posterior one club-shaped, 2 to 3 mm long, the short anthers relatively stouter than the long ones. Style 11 mm long. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Caramoan, For. Bur. 12289 Curran, June 27, 1908. A species allied to Medinilla verticillata Merr., differing in its much larger and 4-merous flowers. Medinilla mindorensis sp. nov. Frutex seandens, glabra ; ramis ramulisque tenuibus, teretibus ; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, ovatis, ellipticis, vel obovatis, acuminatis, subcoriaceis, 7 ad 11 cm longis, 3- vel 5-plinerviis, reticulis obsoletis; paniculis terminalibus, 15 ad 20 cm longis, diffusis, pedunculatis ; floribus 4-meris ; bracteis membranaceis, reticulatis, obovatis, 8 ad 10 mm longis, per- sistentibus. A scandent shrub glabrous throughout. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, light-gray. Leaves opposite, ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate, 7 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, subcoriaceous, shining, the base acute or acuminate, the apex rather strongly acuminate ; nerves three, sometimes five, the additional pair, if present, faint, the lateral ones NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 303 leaving the midrib slightly above the base of the leaf, reaching the apex, or evanescent, the reticulations obsolete; petioles 0.5 to 2 cm long. Panicles terminal, 15 to 20 cm long, rather diffuse, the peduncles 7 to 10 cm long, the lower branches 5 to 6 cm long, spreading, opposite, few-flowered. Pedicels slender, 3 to 10 mm long, the bracts persistent, obovate, about 1 cm long. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx urceolate, 3 mm long, truncate. Petals 4, broadly obovate, 4 mm long. Stamens 8, their anthers about 4 mm long, the filaments of four about 4 mm long, and of the other four 3 mm long, the spur and appendages small. Bracteoles persistent, obovate, reticulate, 8 to 10 mm long, white or pink, two for each flower. Mindoro, Ibalo River, For. Bur. 11^89 Merritt, May, 1908; Mount Halcon, For. Bur. 1/368 Merritt, June, 1900. Well characterized by its diffuse panicles, rather small flowers and prominent, persistent, reticulate bracts and bracteoles. Medinilla ovalis sp. nov. Frutex erecta vel scandens, subglabra; ramis ramulisque teretibus, minute stellato-lepidotis ; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, ovalibus, 5 ad 8 cm longis, subcoriaceis, apice breviter abrupteque acuminatis, basi obscure 5- vel 7-plinerviis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, pedunculatis, 10 ad 12 cm longis, minute stellato-lepidotis; floribus 4-meris, eirciter 1 cm longis. An erect or scandent shrub, the younger branchlets, petioles, midrib of the leaves on the lower surface, and panicles minutely brown-stellate- lepidote, the indumentum scarcely visible without a lens. Branches grayish-brown, terete, nearly glabrous, the branchlets sometimes slightly angled; nodes smooth. Leaves opposite, oval, subeoriaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, the base broad, rounded or subtruncate, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, shining on both surfaces, the lower one paler than the upper, the midrib prominent beneath, minutely lepidote, the surface with scattered, minute, obscure glands; nerves from near the base 5 or 7, obscure, except the midrib, reticulations obsolete; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Panicles terminal, 10 to 12 cm long, branched above the middle, the branches verticillate, the lower ones about 3 cm long, the bracts oblong, about 6 mm long, the bracteoles minute. Flowers purplish, about 1 cm long, the pedicels 4 mm long or less. Calyx some- what urceolate, truncate, 4 mm long. Petals 4, 5 mm long. Stamens 8, subequal, the filaments 4 mm long; anthers lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long. Luzon, Province of Albay or Sorsogon, Adlumoy Hills, For. Bur. 12387 Curran, June 17, 1908. A very characteristic species, readily distinguishable by its opposite, oval, obscurely nerved leaves, peduncled terminal panicles, and minute lepidote-stellate indumentum. 304 MERRILL. MEMECYLON Linn. Memecylon oligoneuron Blume Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 353; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 574; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7 (1891) 1132; King, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 6S2 (1900) 73. Rhodamnia glabra Yidal Rev. Pl. Vase. Filip. (1886) 129; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (1892) 79. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Guinayangan, Vidal 782, in Herb. Kew (type of Rhodamnia glabra Vid.) : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 33 14 Ramos, June, 1907: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 10111 Curran, February, 1908. Rhodamnia glabra Vid., was described from fruiting specimens, and in the absence of flowers was placed by Vidal in the Myrtaceae. Additional material shows it to be Memecylon, and identical with M. oligoneuron Blume. The genus Rhodamnia must therefore be excluded from the Philippines. Perak, Penang, Java and Borneo; not previously reported from the Philippines under its correct name. ERICACEAE. VACCINIUM Linn. Vaccinium alvarezii sp. nov. Abuscula glabra circiter 3 m alta; foliis oblongo-obovatis vel elliptico- oblongis, coriaceis nitidis, integris, usque ad 10 cm longis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, ascendentibus, tenuibus; racemis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, foliis bevioribus; corolla cylindracea, leviter inflata, circiter 1 cm longa; staminibus 10, antheris scaberulis, dorso vix aristatis, apice breviter productis appendicibus infundibuli- formibus, divaricatis, ports apicaliter deliiscentibus. A glabrous shrub about 3 m high. Branches reddish-brown, some- what mottled with gray, terete. Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 6 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm wide, entire, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base acute, margins slightly recurved, shining on both surfaces ; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 4 to 6 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary or in pairs, 3 to 5 cm long, the pedicels about 1.5 cm long, articulated with the calyx. Calyx-tube short, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5 to 2 mm long, each lobe gland-tipped. Corolla pink, cylindric, 10 to 11 mm long, about 5 mm. in diameter, slightly inflated in the midle, the lobes erect, ovate, obtuse, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Stamens 10 ; filaments 4 to 5 mm long, white-villous ; anthers 3 mm long, scaberulous, not awned, the apex produced into two short, broad, funnel- shaped divergent tubes, opening by terminal, orbicular pores. Disk prominent crenate-undulate ; style 1 cm long. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Dalisay River, For. Bur. 18466 Alvarez, March, 1909, in forests, altitude about 650 m. Probably most closely allied to Vaccinium barandanum Vid, and V. benguetense Vid., but quite distinct from both. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 305 EBENACEJE. DIOSPYROS Linn. Diospyros ahernii sp. nov. Arbor glabra inflorescentiis fructibusque exceptis; ramis pallidis, griseis vel brunneis; foliis subeoriaceis, oblongis, 16 acl 20 cm longis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis vel leviter. acuminatis, in sicco brunneis. utrinque nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, prominentibus, anastomosan- tibus, nervis reticulisque densis, validis; inflorescentiis femineis axilla- ribus, raeemosis, pubescentibus ; fructibus ut videtur globosis, circiter 5 cm diametro, obtusis vel apiculatis, extus densissime ferrugineo-velutinis vel pubescentibus, calycis lobis 4, accrescenfibus, plus minus connatis, dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, patulis vel reflexis, vix imbricatis, acuminatis, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis. A tree, glabrous except the infloresence. Branches usually pale, light- gray or brownish, glabrous, the ultimate branchlets sometimes somewhat ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong, 16 to 20 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, usually brown when dry, the apex distinctly acuminate, base acute or somewhat acu- minate ; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the secondary nerves and reticulations distinct, close. Flowers unknown, but the pistillate inflorescence axillary, racemose, densely pubescent, the racemes in fruit 1.5 to 3 cm long, usually bearing but one or two fruits, the pedicels stout, about 5 mm long. Fruit apparently globose, about 5 cm in diameter, rounded or apiculate, outside densely ferruginous- velvety when young, pubescent when old, about 5-celled. Calyx per- sistent, accrescent, spreading in young fruits, reflexed in mature ones, 3 to 4 cm in diameter, 4-lobed, the lobes united for the lower third, ovate, coriaceous, acuminate, 1 to 1.5 cm long, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3071 Ahern’s collector, May, 1905; Pilea, Bur. Sci. 3298 Ramos, June, 1907, both with immature fruits: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9110, May, 1907, distributed as Diospyros discolor Willd. A very distinct species, possibly allied to D. discolor Wilkl., but at once distin- guished by its glabrous leaves and its connate acuminate calyx-lobes which are not at all imbricate but spreading or reflexed, while its general appearance is quite different from ■ Wil denow’s species. The specimen collected by Elmer prob- ably had nearly mature fruits, but the sheet before me has only some fragments of the fruit, so that it is impossible to give a full description at the present time. It is known in Rizal Province as Talong-gubat. Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Iliern Monog. Eben. (1873) 218. Leucoxylum buxifolium Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1169; Choisy Mem. Ternstr. (1855) 43, t. 2; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 1050, Diospyros microphylla Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. (1871) 27, t. 183; Clarke in Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1882) 559; King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 742 (1905) 210. 306 MERRILL. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9435 Whitford cC- Hutchinson, February, 1908.# The specimen is sterile but agrees closely with the description, with material from Java, and fairly well with specimens from Singapore. New to the Philip- pines. Southern India to the Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. Diospyros curranii nom. nov. § Paralea. Diospyros reticulata Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 506, non Willd. nec. Sieber, nec Wall. Arbor glabra vel subglabra, 7 ad 20 m alta; ramis teretibus, griseis vel brunneis, glabris, vel junioribus plus minus pubescentibus ; foliis glabris, lanceolatis, elliptico-lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, 10 ad 18 cm longis, 2.5 ad 5 cm latis, basi acutis vel acuminatis, apice aeuminatis, subcoriaceis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 15, anastomosantibus, nervulis reticulis- que prominentibus ; floribus masculinis 4- rariter 5-meris, in cymulis brevibus axillaribus dispositis, staminibus circiter 18 ; floribus femineis axillaribus, solitariis vel fasciculatis, 4- meris, pubescentibus, calycis lobis ovatis, reflexis, accrescentibus ; ovario 3- vel 4-loculare ; fructibus ovoideis, 1.5 cm longis. A tree 7 to 20 m high, glabrous or nearly so. Branches glabrous, terete, brownish or grayish, the branchlets sometimes somewhat ferrugi- nous-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lance- olate, 10 to 18 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, shining, pale, greenish or yellowish when dry, entire, the base acute or somewhat acuminate, eglandular, the apex acuminate; nerves 9 to 15 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, rather distinct but scarcely more prominent than are the secondary nerves and rather dense reticula- tions; petioles 1.5 cm long or less, sometimes as short as 0.5 cm. Stami- nate flowers in short, axillary, solitary or fascicled, 1 to 2 cm long cymes, which are slightly pubescent. Calyx lobes 4, rarely 5, ovate to broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, about 1.5 mm long, with short, appressed, scattered, black hairs ; stamens about 18, 2-seriate, inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments 1 to 1.5 mm long; anthers lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, nearly 2 mm long; corolla (immature) 5 mm long, the outside with black appressed hairs. Pistillate flowers axillary, solitary or fasci- cled, shortly pedicellate, the pedicels and calyx somewhat ferruginous- pubescent : calyx-lobes 4, nearly free, ovate, about 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse, subfoliaceous, the margins reflexed, the base subcordate, somewhat accrescent and persistent in fruit ; corolla about 6 m long, the lobes ovate, 3 mm wide, slightly united below ; staminodes about 10; ovary narrowly ovoid, ferruginous-pubescent; style short, 2-cleft. Fruit ovoid, 1.5 cm long, when young more or less ferruginous-pubescent, ultimately glabrous, the calyx-lobes somewhat accrescent, their margins reflexed. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 10034 Curran, February, 1908; Antipolo, Merrill 1654, 2675 March, June, 1903, For. Bur. 448 Ahern’s collector, NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 307 April, 1904, Bur. Sci. 2192 Ramos, March, 1907 : Province of Tayabas, Guina- yangan, Merrill 2029; Lueban, Elmer 921/1 (type) ; Atimonan, For. Bur. 6623 Reyes, For. Bur. 10291/, 10662 Curran: Province of Camarines, Mount Isarog, For. Bur. 101/52 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 5165 Bridges. Makin- duqtje, For. Bur. 12182 Rosenbluth. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keith] ey, Mrs. Clemens, June, 1906: District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2861. In the above description the chief additions to that given by Mr. Elmer are of the staminate and pistillate flowers, as the type of the species, Elmer 921/1, was with fruit only, although nearly all the above specimens have long been available for description. Many of the specimens cited above have abnormal, much-branched, often leafy inflorescences, probably due to the work of some insect: these abnormal inflorescences apparently never bear normal flowers. Similar ones are found in Canarium, the form of C. villosum described by Engler as C. luxurians var. monstrosum, and in some species of Eugenia. Local names given for this species are Malagaitmon, Alinao, Anang, Bolongeta, Panigilman, and Bagnito, many of which are also applied to other species of the genus, although of the above, Malagaitmon seems to be rather consistently applied to the present species. Diospyros everettii sp. nov. Arbor glabra vel subglabra ; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, sub- coriaeeis, in sicco brunneis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice acuminatis, basi late rotundatis subcordatisque, nervis utrinque circiter 10, aseendentibus, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis; floribus femineis fasciculatis, axillari- bus, sessilibus, 4-meris, circiter 22 mm longis, calycis lobis lanceolatis; staminodeis glabris, 4; ovario dense hirsuto. A tree glabrous or subglabrous. Branches dark-colored, glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, brownish when dry especially beneath, the upper surface dull, the lower slightly shining, glabrous, the apex acuminate, the base rather broad, rounded and subcordate, 8 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, ascending, attenuate-anastomosing, the reticula- tions lax; petioles stout, about 3 mm long. Pistillate flowers axillary, sessile, fascicled, just before opening 22 mm long. Calyx cleft nearly to the base into four, lanceolate, spreading, acute or acuminate lobes 7 to 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, their margins slightly ciliate. Corolla salver- shaped, the. tube cylindric, 9 mm long, 4 mm thick below and slightly contracted above, inside glabrous, outside with very few long hairs; lobes 4, spreading, elliptic-oblong, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide. Staminod.es 4, their filaments 2.5 mm long, the anther-like portion 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary densely covered with very stiff, 2 to 3 mm long, brown- ish hairs; style stout, cylindric, 6 mm long, pubescent, 4-cleft at the apex. The ovary is apparently 8- or 10-celled. Negros, Mount Silay, For. Bur. 7261 Everett, May 9, 1907, in ridge forests at an altitude of about 650 m. A species apparently belonging to the section Ermellinus, and is well charac- terized by its leaves being rounded and subcordate at the base, and by its comparatively large, axillary, fascicled, 4-merous flowers, and the very numerous, stiff, brown hairs that entirely cover the ovary. 308 MERRILL. Diospyros foveo-reticulata sp. nov. Arbor inflorescentiis fructibusque exceptis glabra, circiter 20 m alia ; foliis subcoriaceis vel coriaceis, oblongis, elliptico-oblongis vel oblongo- lanceolatis, usque ad 30 cm longis, utrinque nitidis, dense foveo-retieu- latis, subtus pallidioribus, basi 2-glandulosis, acuminatis, basi acutis, rariter rotundatis; fructibus axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculatis, ovoideis vel subglobosis, 8- vel 10-locellatis junioribus 2 ad 2.5 cm diametro, palli- dis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, pericarpio coriaceo; calycis lobis 4, reflexis, ovatis, crassis, acutis vel obtusis, utrinque ferrugineo-pubescentibus, circiter 8 mm longis. A glabrous tree, except the inflorescence and fruits, about 20 m high. Branches dark-colored, terete, the branchlets paler, sometimes yellowish, glabrous or minutely puberulent. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, rather pale when dry, frequently yellowish, 15 to 30 cm long, 4 to 9 cm wide, glabrous, shining on both surfaces and densely foveolate-reticulate, the apex short- acuminate, the base acute, sometimes rounded, the lower surface near the base with a rather prominent gland on each side of the midrib; primary lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, indistinct, faintly anastomosing; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Fruit (immature) axillary, solitary, ovoid or subglobose, 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, pale, the pericarp crustaceous, thin, deciduously ferruginous-pubescent, 8- or 10- celled, the calyx persistent, accrescent, 4-lobed, the tube very short, the lobes very thick, crustaceo-coriaceous, ovate, reflexed, about 8 mm long and nearly as wide, acute or obtuse, densely ferruginous-pubescent on both sides. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Pasacao, Aliern 29, 278 (type), 790, January to June, 1902, the last two with immature fruits; Lupi, For. Bur. 10780 Curran, July, iG08, sterile. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9062 Wf lit ford & Hutchinson, December, 1907 ; San Ramon, Hallier s. n., Feb- ruary, 1904, with immature fruits. This species is well characterized by its densely foveolate-reticulate leaves which are prominently 2-glandular on the lower surface near the base, and by its thickned, ovate, reflexed, 4-lobed calyx which is densely ferruginous-pubescent, as are the young fruits. The plants under Ahern’s name, cited- above, were erroneously distributed as Diospyros discolor, to which the present species is not closely allied. It is known in the Camarines as Alahan, and at Port Banga as Palo negro. The section is undeterminable from the material available. Diospyros inclusa sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alta; foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, glabris, nitidis, apice breviter obtuse acumi- natis, basi acutis, circiter 9 cm longis, eglandulosis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, vix distinctis, reticulato-anastomosantibus ; fructibus axillari- bus, solitariis, pedunculatis, depresso-globosis, nigris, apiculatis, glabris vel parce adpresso-hirsutis, 1 cm diametro, circiter 8-locellatis, calyce accrescente, ellipsoideo, crasso, lenticellato, nigro, glabro, breviter 4- vel 5-lobato inclusis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 309 A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches terete, light-gray, glab- rous, shining, somewhat striate when dry, the branc-hlets dark-colored, their tips slightly pubescent. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, glabrous, shining on both surfaces, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base acute, eglandular ; primary lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, not very distinct, irregular, anastomosing, the secondary ones and reticula- tions nearly as prominent; petioles black, glabrous, about 6 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits axillary, solitary, on stout, 3 to 4 mm long peduncles which are usually spreading, sometimes recurved, quite inclosed by the accrescent calyx, including the calyx ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Calyx black, glabrous, shining, lenticellate, thickly crustaceous, inside pubescent, the apex shortly and obscurely 4- or 5-lobed, the opening at the top about 6 mm in diameter. Fruit free from the calyx except at the base, depressed-globose, black, shining, glabrous or with few appressed hairs, about 1 cm in diameter, apex apiculate, usually 8-celled. Masbate, Aroroy, Whitford 1682, October, 1906, on hillsides at an altitude of about 240 m. Locally known as Bantolinao. A most characteristic species, recognizable by its accrescent, ellipsoid or ovoid, crustaceous, lenticellate calyx which entirely incloses the fruit, except for the small opening at the apex. The section is uncertain, as flowers are necessary to determine it. Diospyros mindanaensis sp. nov. § Melonia. Arbor glabra 15 ad 25 m alta; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, coriaceis vel subcoriaceis, glabris, nitidis, apice aeuminatis, basi rotun- datis, acutis vel leviter aeuminatis, usque ad 25 cm longis; floribus femineis racemosis, racemis axillaribus, paucifloris, calycibus breviter 4-dentatis ; fructibus globosis, vel depresso-globosis, circiter 4 cm diametro, 4-locellatis, glabris, nitidis, calycibus accrescentibus persistentibus, crasse coriaceis, reflexis, tubo acuminate 4-angulato, breviter 4-dentato; semini- bus osseis, albumine ruminato. A glabrous or subglabrous tree, 15 to 25 m high. Branches terete, glabrous, dark-gray. Leaves alternate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 25 cm lohg, 4 to 8 cm wide, glabrous, the upper surface shining, the lower somewhat paler, dull, apex acuminate, base rounded, acute or sometimes slightly acuminate, eglandular; nerves 10 to 13 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct beneath, somewhat arched-ascending, anastomosing, the secondary nerves distinct, the re- ticulations fairly dense; petioles stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Pistillate flowers 4-merous, in axillary, solitary, few-flowered racemes, the racemes (when young), about 2 cm long, glabrous or with few, scattered, appressed hairs. Calyx cup-shaped, shortly 4-toothed. Fruit globose or depressed- globose, 3 to 4.5 cm in diameter, glabrous, shining, yellowish when mature, the pericarp crustaceous, thick, 8-celled, 8-seeded, the seeds ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, 2 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, brown outside, 310 MERRILL. the albumen bony, ruminate. The persistent calyx is accrescent, thickly coriaceous, glabrous, reflexed, forming an acuminately 4-angled tube 1 to 1.5 cm long, and diagonally 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, with four short, acute or acuminate teeth, one at each corner. The side-walls of the calyx-tube are concave, so that the apex of the reflexed calyx-tube is formed of four lobes radiating from the center to the corners of the tube. The peduncle is about 2 cm long in mature fruits. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 91/58 (type), 917o Wliitford & Hutchinson, January, February, 1908, with mature fruits. BasilaN, San Rafael, For. Bur. 6098 Hutchinson, January, 1907, with mature fruits. Ne- gros, Gimagaan River, For. Bur. 1/21/3, 1/269 Everett, April, May, 1906, the former with abnormal inflorescence, the latter with immature flowers ; Cadiz, For. Bur. 1/309 Everett, For. Bur. 71/07 Danao, June 1906, 1907, the former with abnormal inflorescence, the latter sterile. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Guina- yangan, Merrill 2007 March, 1903, with immature fruits. This species is well characterized by its comparatively large, 8-celled, 8-seeded fruits, its ruminated albumen, and especially by its persistent calyx which forms an acuminately 4-angled, reflexed tube. It is apparently allied to the Bornean Diospyros korthalsiana Hiern, but has much larger leaves, and a quite different calyx-tube. In some respects it resembles D. subrigida Iiochr., but is quite distinct from that species. Like D. curranii Merr. this species frequently has an abnormal, densely much branched inflorescence, apparently due to the work of insects. It is known in Negros as Ata-ata, in Tayabas as Anang, and in Basilan as Bolongita. Diospyros montana Roxb. PI. Coromend. 1 (1795) 37, t. J/S; Hiern Monog. Eben. (1873) 220. Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, near Cabanatuan, Bur. Sci. 5266 McGregor, September, 1908. A species not previously found in the Philippines, the above specimen agreeing rather closely with the form considered by Hiern as the variety cordifolia, except that the leaves are not cordate. India to the Moluccas and northern Australia. Var. parva var. nov. Differt a typo foliis multo minoribus, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis, subtus dense molliter pubescentibus ; fruetibus globosis, junioribus 8 mm diametro, glabris, nigris, apiculatis, 8-locelkatis ; calycis lobis accreseentibus, re- trorsis. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Badoc, For. Bur. 13953 Merritt <£- Darling, November, 1908, on rocky hillsides at an altitude of about 65 m. II., Antinagam. Well characterized by its small densely pubescent leaves; additional material may show it to be worthy of specific rank. Diospyros phanerophlebia sp. nov. Arbor 5 ad 10 m alta, glabra, inflorescentiis exceptiis; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, nitidis, basi acutis, subtus 2-glandulosis, apice obtusis vel leviter obtuso-acuminatis, usque ad 20 cm longis; nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, subtus prominentibus, elevatis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 311 curvato-ascendentibus, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis, prominentibus, elevatis; petiolo crasso, 1 ad 1.5 cm longo; fmctibus ovoideis vel depresso- globosis, solitariis vel binis in axillis defoliatis, in sicco nigris, glabris, nitidis, 1.5 ad 1.8 cm diametro, 8-locellatis, locellis monospermis. A tree 5 to 10 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, grayish, the younger ones slender, black, dark-brown, or oliva- ceous, smooth. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 15 to 20 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, of about the same color on both surfaces or the lower slightly paler, the upper shining, the apex obtuse or slightly and obtusely acuminate, the base acute, margins often slightly revolute, the lower surface with a distinct gland at the base on each side of the petiole; primary nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, elevated, curved- ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, nearly as prom- inent as the nerves, the ultimate reticulations less distinct ; petioles stout, black when dry, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruit solitary or in pairs in the axils of fallen leaves, subsessile, numerous, ovoid or depressed-globose, 1.5 to 1.8 cm in diameter, black and shining when dry, glabrous, the apex slightly apiculate, 8-celled, each cell with a single seed. Calyx accrescent, closely appressed to the base of the fruit, more or less pubescent outside, densely so within, nearly square and subtruncate, or with four short, broad teeth, 1.2 to 1.5 cm wide at the top. Seeds about 8 mm long, 5 mm wide, compressed, brown, shining, smooth, the albumen not ruminate. Type specimen collected by H. M. Curran, For. Bur. 10993 , District of Bontoc, Luzon, January, 1909, locally known as Aliuac. I am disposed to refer to it also the following specimens, all from Luzon: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 1112 Curran, June, 1907 : Province of Itizal, San Mateo, For. Bur. 181ft Ahern’s col- lector; Merrill 236, Decades Philippine Forest Flora: Province of Laguna, Santa Maria Mavitac, For. Bur. 10052 Curran, locally known in the last three provinces as Canomoi. A species well characterized by its very prominent veins and reticulations, manifestly allied to Diospyros maritima Blume, and to D. canomoi A. DC., differing especially from the former in its much thicker leaves and very prominent nerves, and from the latter in being nearly glabrous throughout. Diospyros whitfordii sp. nov. Arbor eirciter 18 m alta; ramulis junioribus densissime ferrugineo- pubescentibus ; foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongis vel elliptico- oblongis, 8 ad 18 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, utrinque nitidis, supra glabris, subtus glabris vel ad costa pubes- centibus; fructibus globoso-ovoideis, 5 cm diametro, extus nigris, plus minus pruinosis, glabris, in sicco plus minus reticulato-rugosis, pericarpio osseo vel ligneo; calycibus persistentibus, accrescentibus, 5-lobatis, 4.5 ad 5 cm diametro, crasse coriaceis, lobis triangulari-ovatis, acutis, vix reflexis, utrinque densissime ferrugineo-pubescentibus. 312 MERRILL. A tree about 18 m high. Branches glabrous, grayish-brown, some- times pruinose, the younger branchlets densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 18 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, the apex shortly acuminate, the base rounded or obtuse, both surfaces shining, the upper one glabrous, the lower glabrous or more or less pubescent on the midrib; nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, not very prominent, anastomosing, the secondary ones and the reticulations distinct on the lower surface, rather close; petioles 8 to 10 cm long, more or less pubescent. Fruit ovoid-globose, about 5 cm in diameter, the pericarp bony or woody, outside black, more or less pruinose, reticulate-rugose when dry, glabrous, the persistent, 5-lobed calyx appressed to the base of the fruit, 4.5 to 5 cm in diameter, the lobes united for half their length, triangular-ovate, spreading, acute, thickly coriaceous or almost woocty, both sides densely ferruginous- pubescent. The central portion of the calyx is depressed, the depression extending along the median portions of the lobes, while there are five prominent protuberances at the juncture of the lobes. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Port Banga, For. Bur. 9019 Whitford, November, 1907, in fruit; Ayala, For. Bur. J/Sll Hutchinson, July, 1906, sterile. On forested ridges at an altitude of about 30 m, locally known as Gamagon. The fruit is immature and is described by Whitford as green. OLACACE2E. LI NOCI ERA Swartz. Linociera acuminatissima sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 9 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus, pallidis ; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis, basi acuminatis, apice valde caudato-acuminatis, margine plus minus recurvatis; inflorescentiis race- mosis, axillaribus, racemis solitariis, paucifloris, 2 ad 3 cm longis ; floribus circiter 4 mm longis. A tree, glabrous throughout, about 9 m high. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, pale-gray, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves opposite, coria- ceous, somewhat shining, oblong-elliptic, 8 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, olivaceous above when dry, brownish and paler beneath, the base somewhat acuminate, the apex rather strongly caudate-acuminate, the acumen 1.5 to 2 cm long, slender, narrowed upward, blunt, the margins somewhat recurved; nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, indistinct, distant, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete ; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, 2 to 3 cm long, few-flowered, the pedicels stout, 1 to 4 mm long, the bracteoles narrowly oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or rarely acuminate, about 2 mm long. CaAx-lobes broadly ovate, acute, 1 mm long. Corolla-lobes lanceolate, obtuse, 4 mm long, somewhat connate below. Stamens 2, the filaments broad, short; anthers elliptic, 1 mm long. Palawan, Malampaya Bay, For. Bur. 1/506, 71)54 Curran , June 21, 1906. Well characterized by its caudate-acuminate leaves. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. o i o olo Linociera philippinensis nom. nov. Mayepea pallida Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 58. Linociera pallida Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sei. 1 (1906) Suppl. 116, non K. Sch. Olea sp. Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 125; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 181. The above change of name is necessitated because of the previous use of the name pallida for a different species of the same genus, by K. Schumann. I also include under this species the specimens referred by Vidal to Olea sp. in Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 125; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 181, as the specimens cited appear to me to be Linociera and not Olea. Linociera. philippinensis is represented by the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 2792 Meyer, For. Bur. 2939 Borden, Whitford 1142, Williams 569: Province of Rizal, Merrill 1835, 2670, For. Bur. 2874 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1457, 3356 Ramos: Province of Camarines Sur, Pasacao, Ahern 44 • Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6942 Curran. Mindoro, Pola, Merrill 2255. Guimaras, For. Bur. 267, 280, 309 Gammill. Native names, T., Anatao, Malabocboc, Pulat ; V., Magubay, Cabating. APOCYNACEiE. ALIXIA Banks. Alyxia luzoniensis sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glabra; foliis oppositis, ternis, vel rariter quarternis, oblongis, ovato-oblongis, vel elliptico-oblongis, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 5 cm longis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis laterali- bus subobsoletis ; cymis axillaribus, paucifloris, pedunculatis ; fructibus ellipsoideis, obtusis vel apiculatis, 1 ad 1.4 cm longis. A scandent shrub, glabrous throughout. Branches terete or slightly angled, brownish, rather slender. Leaves opposite, mostly ternate, or rarely quaternate, oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, shin- ing, 2 to 5 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, the apex shortly and obscurely blunt- acuminate, the base acute, margins slightly recurved; midrib prominent, the lateral nerves nearly obsolete, very slender ; petioles 1 to 2 mm long. Cymes axillary, solitary, few-flowered, the peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm long, the buds congested, calyx-segments about 1 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits ellipsoid, glabrous, obtuse or apiculate, 1 to 1.4 cm long, about 8 mm thick, very rarely the carpel is constricted in a moniliform manner, bearing above the constriction a second seed-bearing portion. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Mount Piao, For. Bur. 13977, 13988 Merritt <£• Darling, altitude 1,000 m; Vintar, For. Bur. 13945 Merritt & Darling: District of Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 7007 Ra7nos (type) : Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8069 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 5107 Ramos, altitude 2,000 m. This species is apparently most closely allied to Alyxia sinensis Champ., of southern China, but seems to be quite distinct from that, as well as from the previously described Philippine forms. It is apparently also closely allied to Alyxia parvifolia ( Cynopogon parvifolia Merr.), but has much larger and differently shaped leaves. It is at once distinguishable from A. monilifera Vidal by its very different fruit, and practically nerveless leaves. Like the other Philippine species of the genus dried specimens have a strong odor of cumarin. 85754 8 314 MERRILL. CHONEMORPHA G. Don. Chonemorpha elastica sp. nov. Frutex alte scandens, ramis ramulisque rubro-bninneis, glabris; foliis membranaceis vel submembranaceis ovato-ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, 15 ad 20 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis, subtus plus minus pilosis ; floribus albis, 2.5 ad 3 cm diametro; calycibus 5-partitis. A scandent shrub of large size. Branches and branchlets reddish- brown, glabrous, usually shining. Leaves opposite, membranaceous or submembranaceous, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 15 to 20 cm long, 8 to 15 cm wide, entire, the base rather broad, rounded, the apex shortly acuminate, the upper surface glabrous, slightly shining, the lower surface slightly paler and somewhat pilose; petioles rather slender, 2.5 to 4 cm long; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct on both surfaces, the reticulations very distinct beneath. Cymes terminal, few-flowered, about 6 cm long, glabrous or nearly so, the bracteoles more or less pubes- cent, about 3 mm long. Flowers white, fragrant, their pedicels slender, 1 cm long or less. Calyx 5-partite, the lobes oblong, somewhat acuminate, the margins above somewhat ciliate, about 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, united below. Corolla-tube 9 to 10 mm long, swollen and about 3 mm in diam- eter in the lower third, contracted above, glabrous outside, inside with reflexed hairs below the insertion of the stamens; lobes 5, obliquely obovate, spreading, about 15 cm long, 12 mm wide. Stamens 5, the fila- ments short, inserted at about the lower one-fourth of the tube; anthers narrowly-lanceolate, acuminate, 4 mm long, sagittate at the base. Disk entire, truncate, 1 mm high. Ovaries and style 4 mm long, the ovaries two, free, united by the style ; ovules many. Fruit unknown. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Dumanquilas Bay, Tigbalubu, For. Bur. 12351 Hutchinson, May, 1908, in forests at an altitude of about 40 m: District of Davao, H. S. Peabody, July, 1906, leaves only. Basilan, P. L. Sherman, July, 1903, leaves only; also reported from Mindanao and from Tawi-Tawi by Sherman. So far as is known at present this is the most, important rubber producing vine in the Philippines. It is one of the two species considered by P. L. Sherman in his paper on “Gutta-Percha and Rubber in the Philippine Islands,” 12 and an illustration is given by him, 1. c. fig. 33, of leaf specimens collected on Basilan Island. This specimen, as well as the one collected by Mr. Peabody, cited above, were previously provisionally identified as Chonemorpha, but the determination could not be verified until flowering specimens were received. Mr. Sherman reports this vine from Mindanao, Basilan, and Tawi-Tawi, but states that only the natives of Tawi-Tawi understand the commercial value of the product, and that they gather the latex and mix it with gutta-percha. No information is at hand as to the amount exported, but it is probably very small. According to Mr. Sherman’s notes, the vine attains a length of. from 150 to 200 feet, and a diameter of from 6 to 8 inches. Apparently allied to Chonemorpha griffithii Hook, f., of British India, especially in its deeply cleft calyx, but the branches not hispid. Without comparison with the type of Hooker’s species, it is impossible to give other differential characters, ns Hooker’s description is too short and imperfect. 12 Publications of the Bureau of Government Laboratories, 7 (1903), 36-39. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 315 KICKXIA Blume. Kickxia merrittii sp. nov. Arbor glabra, 18 acl 20 m alta; foliis oppositis, subcoriaceis, oblongo- vel elliptico-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis, 7 ad 12 cm longis, usque ad 3.5 cm latis; floribus albis, axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, pedicellatis, 7 cm longis, c-orollae tubo 2.5 cm longo. A tree 18 to 20 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, lenti- cellate, dark-reddish-brown, the branchlets slightly compressed. Leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, entire, shining, the apex acuminate, acumen blunt, the base acuminate ; nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, beneath rather distinct and often reddish-brown; petioles 1 cm long or less; Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, white, about 7 cm long, the pedicels 2 cm long or less. Calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, acuminate, keeled, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide. Corolla-tube 2.5 cm long, narrow below, some- what inflated above, tbe lobes 5, about 4 cm long, 1.3 cm wide. Anthers about 7 mm long. Disk 2 mm long, truncate. Ovaries elongated, united by the style, the latter 8 mm long. Follicles (immature) cylindric, 8 cm long, about 2 cm thick, seeds spindle-shaped, long acuminate, about 4 cm long, the hairs brownish, 4 cm long. Mindoro, Ibalo River, For. Bur. 11J/88 Merritt, May 9, 1908, in mountain forests at 600 m altitude. Mang., Ayete. The second species of the genus to be found in the Philippines, distinguished from Kickxia blancoi Rolfe by its elongated corolla tube, and more acuminate leaves. OCHROSIA J uss. Ochrosia littoralis sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, glabra ; foliis ternis vel quaternis, membrana- ceis, late oblanceolatis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis, usque ad 8 cm longis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque, 2 ad 3 cm longis; floribus circiter 1 cm longis; drupis 2.5 ad 4 cm longis, divergentibus, acuminatis, subcylindraceis, basi connatis. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches slender, terete, reddish-brown. Leaves usually ternate, rarely quaternate, mem- branaceous, broadly oblanceolate, 6 to 8 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, shining, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate; nerves very numerous, parallel, not prominent; petioles 4 to 5 mm long, sometimes shorter. Cymes axillary and terminal, 2 to 3 cm long, the bracts and bracteoles ovate, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Flowers mostly at the apices of the branchlets, usually crowded. Calyx-lobes ovate to oblong- ovate, obtuse or acute, imbricate, about 2 mm long. Corolla-tube cylin- dric, slender, about 6 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, glabrous throughout, the lobes 5, narrow, about 4 mm long, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted just above the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, acuminate, 1.3 mm long. Ovaries two, united at the base, and at the apex by the 2 316 MERRILL. mm long style ; ovules 6 to 8 in each. Drupes united at the base, divari- cate, the pericarp bony, the mesocarp corky, subeylindric, 2.5 to 4 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, somewhat acuminate; seeds 6 to 8 in each drupe, 3 or 4 on each side of the placenta, compressed, orbicular, 4 to 6 mm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Batangas, Malabrigo, For. Bur. 775'/ Curran & Merritt, November, 1907, along tlie seashore. A species well characterized by its ternate leaves, short cymes, and subeylindric, somewhat acuminate drupes, which are not flattened on the inner surface, and by its unusually large number of seeds. The first species of the genus to be found in the Philippines. RAUWOLFIA Linn. Rauwolfia samarensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 8 m alta; foliis quarternis, oblongo-ellipticis, breviter acuteque acuminatis vel acutis, chartaceis, circiter 20 cm longis, 6 cm latis, nervis utrinque 30 ad 35 ; pedunculis e axillis terminalibus, superne umbellatis; baccis ellipsoideis, atropurpureis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, pericarpio carnoso. A tree about 8 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches light-gray, stout, the leaf-scars very prominent. Leaves in whorls of four, oblong- elliptic, 13 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate or acute, the base acute or slightly decurrent-acuminate, char- taceous, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper; primary nerves 30 to 35 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the intermediate secondary ones evident; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence from the terminal axils, the peduncles in anthesis about 5 cm long, in fruit elongated and the panicle ultimately about as long as the leaves, the branches umbellately arranged at the apex of the peduncle. Flowers white, umbellately dis- posed, the pedicles 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx 3 mm long, the lobes obtuse. Corolla 5 mm long, eylindric, the lobes orbicular-ovate, 2 mm long, the throat hirsute. Anthers lanceolate, 1.3 mm long. Style about 1.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, dark-purple when mature, the pericarp fleshy. Samar. Lanang, Merrill 5233, October 3, 1906, in thickets on bluffs along the seashore at an altitude of about 10 m. A species allied to Rauwolfia spectabilis (Miq.) Boerl., R. javanica Koord. & Valet., and to R. sumatrana Jack., of Malaya, but apparently distinct from all. Well characterized by its many-nerved leaves and rather fleshy fruits. TABERNAEMONTANA Linn. Tabernaemontana caudata sp. nov. Arbuscula circiter 2 m alta, glabra ; ramis ramulisque gracilibus, pallidis; foliis, ovato-lanceolatis vel elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 4 cm longis, basi acutis vel acuminatis, apice valde caudato-acuminatis ; floribus paucis axillaribus, cymosis, albis, circiter 12 mm longis, c-alycis lobis ovatis, 0.5 mm longis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 317 A shrub about 2 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, pale-gray, somewhat shining. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, chartaceous or submembranaceous, shining, the base acute or acuminate, sometimes slightly inequilateral, the apex strongly caudate-acuminate, the acumen about one- third as long as the blade, blunt; nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, faint, spreading, anastomosing, the reticula- tions very obscure; petioles very slender, about 5 mm long. Flowers in few-flowered, axillary, solitary cymes, but two or three flowers in a cyme, the peduncles very short, the pedicels slender, 1 cm long. Calyx- teeth ovate, blunt, 0.5 mm long. Corolla-tube 12 mm long, slender, the lobes narrowly oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide. Anthers 2 mm long. Carpels narrow, about 2 mm long; styles 10 mm in length. Fruit unknown. Luzon, Province of llocos Sur, Mount Bulangao, For. Bur. 14025 Merritt cC- Darling, November, 1908, in forests at an altitude of about 1,150 m. A species well characterized by its small, very strongly caudate-acuminate leaves, which do not exceed 4 cm in length, and its few-flowered cymes. Tabernaemontana linearifolia sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra, circiter 4 m alta; foliis chartaceis, linearibus vel anguste laneeolato-linearibus, utrinque angustatis, apice gradatim acum- inatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, 5 ad 8 mm latis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis ; folliculis oblongi's, utrinque angustatis acum- inatisque, circiter 2.5 cm longis. A glabrous shrub about 4 m high. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, gray, shining. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate-linear, 3 to 7 cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide, chartaceous, somewhat shining, olivaceous above when dry, the lower surface paler and somewhat brownish, nar- rowed at both ends, the apex gradually acuminate, the base acute ; lateral nerves distant, indistinct, spreading, the reticulations obsolete; petioles 2 to 4 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, white, their peduncles often 3 cm long, frequently much shorter. Calyx-teeth ovate, acute or obtuse, 1.5 mm long. Corolla-tube 13 mm long, slender, the lobes oblique, acute, about 7 mm long, 3 mm wide. Carpels lanceolate, narrowed above, 3 mm long; styles 6 to 7 mm long. Follicle oblong, orange-yellow, nearly 2.5 cm long, 8 mm in diameter in the middle, acuminately narrowed at both ends, with three faint ridges extending the whole length, the apical portion with five faint ridges; seed solitary, narrowly ellipsoid, 8 mm long, the groove not prominent. Luzon, District of Lepanto, Mancayan, For. Bur. 10945 Curran, January, 1909, in open grass-lands in thin pine forests, altitude 1,600 m. A species well characterized by its very arrow, elongated, linear or linear- lanceolate leaves, its solitary, frequently long-pediceled flowers, and its one- seeded follicles which are acuminately narrowed at both ends. 318 MERRILL. Tabernaemontana megacarpa sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, glabra; foliis ellipticis, oblongo-ellipticis, vel obovato-ellipticis, apice rotundatis, basi acutis vel obtusis, 15 ad 35 cm longis, nervis utrinque 20 ad 24, prominentibus ; paniculis termina- libus, circiter 20 cm longis; fioribus circiter 3.5 cm diametro; fructibus carnosis, laevibus, rubris, in sicco rugosis, griseis, circiter 8 cm longis, 4 cm latis, vix costatis. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches and branch- lets light-gray, glabrous, stout. Leaves opposite, firmly chartaceous to . subcoriaceous, somewhat shining above, dull beneath, elliptic, oblong- elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 15 to 30 cm long, 9 to 15 cm wide, the apex broad, rounded, the base acute or obtuse; nerves 20 to 24 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles about 2 cm long, the base inflated and somewhat clasping the branches. Panicles terminal, about 20 cm long. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, about 5 mm long. Corolla-tube 2 cm long, the limb spreading, 3 to 3.5 cm in diameter. Follicles smooth and red when fresh, fleshy, when dry strongly wrinkled, gray or brownish, somewhat curved, not costate, about 8 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick. Seeds nu- merous, 10 to 12 mm long. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., June, April, and September, 1906: Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. J/.781 Mearns (C- Hutchinson, May, 1900: District of Zamboanga, Copeland s. n., April, 1905; Sax River, Williams 2179, February, 1905. Basilan, For. Bur. 396/f Hutchinson, January, 1906; Hallier s. January, 1904. This species is allied to Vocanga plum eriae folia Elmer Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 333, but has relatively broader leaves, and more numerous nerves. The type of Voacanga plumeriaefolia Elm., is a fruiting specimen, and so far as I can determine from the material before me, is a Tabernaemontana, but flowers are necessary to determine exactly to which genus it really belongs. Tabernaemontana mucronata sp. nov. Arbor parva, circiter 6 m alta, glabra ; ramis griseis, teretibus, ramulis plus minus angulatis ; foliis membranaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, apice acuminatis, acuminibus apiculatis, 6 ad 10 cm longis, 2 ad 4 cm latis, nervis utrinque 9 vel 10; cymes axillaribus, brevibus, solitariis vel fas- ciculatis, circiter 2 cm longis; fioribus gracilibus, circiter 12 mm longis. A small tree about 6 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, gray, the branchlets somewhat angled. Leaves membranaceous, oblong- elliptic, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm w ide, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen apiculate, the base somewhat decurrent-acuminate, the upper surface brownish when dry, dull, the lower slightly paler ; nerves 9 or 10 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, the reticula- tions lax, obscure; petioles about 3 mm long. Cymes axillary, solitary or several in each axil, short, rather congested, including the flowers 2 cm long or less, the peduncles very short, the pedicles about 5 mm long. Calyx-teeth acute, short. Corolla-tube cylindric, very slender, NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VIL 319 1 mm or less iii diameter, the lobes spreading, 3 or 4 mm long. Fruit unknown. Guimakas, Nagaba, For. Bur. SOI/. Gammill, February, 1904 altitude about 80 m, in thickets and open places. V., Alibutbut. A species with somewhat the appearance of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir., but with quite different inflorescence. Readily recognzable by its very short cymes and slender flowers. Tabernaemontana puberula sp. nov. Arbuscula vel arbor parva, ramulis petiolis foliis fructibusque plus minus dense puberulis vel pubescentibus ; foliis 6 ad 9 cm longis, mem- branaceis, acuminatis, oblongo-ellipticis ; follic-ulis rubris, ovoideis vel oblongis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, 3- ad 6-spermis. A shrub or small tree, rather uniformly and softly puberulent or pubescent. Branches slender, terete, grayish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets puberulent. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, puberulent on both surfaces, especially beneath, 6 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, membranaceous, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute; nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, the reticulations lax; petioles pubescent, 5 mm long or less. Follicles red, ovoid or oblong, the apex acute, longitudinally 3-ribbed, 1 to 2 cm long, 1 cm wide or less, the pericarp coriaceous, somewhat pubescent. Seeds 3 to 6. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Morong, Bur. Sci. 1440 Ramos, August, 1906, in thickets and open places; Malapadnabato, Merrill 2725, 2746, June, 1903. A species with the general appearance of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir., but readily recognizable by its uniform soft pubescence. VOACANGA Thou. Voacanga globosa (Blanco) comb. nov. Tabernaemontana globosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 116, ed. 2 (1845) 83, ed. 3, 1: 153; Miq. FI. Ind. Bot. 2 (1856) 424. Orchipeda. foetida Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 32, t. G6, f. D; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 130, non Blume. Voacanga curningiana' Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 313; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 126; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 184; Merr. in For. Bur. Bull. 1 (1903) 49; Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 117. Luzon, Province of Benguet, Sablan, Elmer 6165, April, 1904: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Mount Mariveles, Merrill 3798, January, 1904, Whitford 1079, January, 1905, For. Bur. 684, 1521, 1755, 2331, Borden, May to December, 1904, For. Bur. 2282, 3014 Meyer, December, May, For. Bur. 5467 .Curran, No- vember, 1906, Williams 509, January, 1904: Province of Cavite, Mendez Nunez, Bur. Sci. 1356 Mangubat, August, 1906 : Province of Batangas, Lipa, Marave 16: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Cuming 416; Los Banos, Elmer, April, 1906, Hallier, December, 1903; Pagsanjan, Merrill 2186, May 1903: Prov- ince of Tayabas, Lucena, Merrill 2887, June, 1903; Atimonan, For. Bur. 6704 Kobbe, April, 1907; Gregory 108, August, 1904; Mount Banajao, Whitford 992, October, 1904; Gumaca, Whitford 878, September, 1904; Binangonan, Whitford 829, September, 1904; Mauban, For. Bur. 10200 Curran, March, 1908. Mindoro, Cuming 1500 ; Bongabong River, For. Bur. 4075 Merritt. Masbate, Merrill 3030. Cebu, For. Bur. 6415 Espinosa, September, 1906. Leyte, Elmer 7 103, January, 320 MERRILL. 1906. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Aliern 330 ; District of Davao, Williams 2941. A widely distributed endemic species, for which the earliest valid specific name is here adopted. The type of Voacanga cumingiana Rolfe was Cuming 1S0G from Negros, and while it has somewhat smaller leaves than most of the specimens cited above, I consider it to be identical with Blanco’s species. WILLOUGHBYA Roxb. Willoughbya luzoniensis sp. nov. Frutex alte scan dens, glabra, ecirrhosa; foliis oppositis, firmiter mem- branaceis vel papyraeeis, oblongo-ellipticis, nitidis, utrinque acuminatis, usque ad. 9 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 12; fructibus ovoideis vel ovoideo-ellipsoideis, glabris, nitidis, circiter 2.5 cm longis; seminibus circiter 1 cm longis. A scandent shrub without tendrils, glabrous throughout, about 15 m high. Branches slender, terete, grayish-brown, lenticellate, the branchlets slender, somewhat olivaceous. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, 6 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the base somewhat decurrent-acuminate, shining, firmly membranaceous or papyraceous, pale or brownish when dry; primary nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones and the reticulations ; petioles 5 mm long or less. Flowers unknown. Berry ovoid or ovoid-elliptical, about 2.5 cm long, and 2 cm in diameter, the pericarp c-rustaceous, pale, smooth, shining, the peduncle 1 to 1.5 cm long. Seeds irregular, 8 to 10 mm long, strongly and irregularly pitted, in this character sponge-like. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Caramoan, For. Bur. 12277 Curran, June, 1908. The first species of the genus to be found in the Philippines, characterized by its rather small fruits and its seeds which are sponge-like in appearance, but not in texture. CONY OLVULACE2E. IPOMOEA Linn. Ipomoea congesta R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 485; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9 (1845) 369; Benth. FI. Austr. 4 (1869) 417. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bar. 16622 Curren, February, 1909. Palmas (southeast of Mindanao), Merrill 5353 October, 1906. Queensland to Polynesia ; new to the Philippines. VERBENACEJE. VI TEX Linn. Vitex pentaphylla sp. nov. Arbor 10 ad 20 m alta; foliis 5-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis vel mem- branaceis, ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis, acuminatis, subtus plus minus pubes- centibus, vix glandulosis; cymis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculatis ; flori- bus pubescentibus, calyce regulariter 5-dentato; fructibus nigris, glabris, oblongo-ovoideis, circiter 1 cm longis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 321 A tree 10 to 20 m high. Branches brownish, glabrous, the young parts sometimes slightly pubescent. Leaves alternate, 5-foliolate, the common petiole 6 to 15 cm long, glabrous or somewhat pubescent: leaf- lets chartaceous or membranaceous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, petiolulate, 7 to 16 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, entire, base acute, apex acuminate, the upper surface glabrous and shining, or the midrib and nerves slightly pubescent, the lower surface slightly paler, more or less pubescent, or ultimately glabrous or nearly so, not at all glandular; nerves 15 to 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing; petiolules 5 to 15 mm long, those of the lateral leaflets the shortest. Cjrmes axillary, solitary, pedunculate, 10 to 15 cm long, in an thesis more or less pubescent, in fruit nearly glabrous. Flowers purplish, tinged with white, the bracteoles very small. Calyx cup-shaped, somewhat pubescent, about 4 mm long, regularly 5-toothed, the teeth less than 1 mm long, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate. Corolla about 11 mm long, somewhat pubescent outside, the tube 5 to 6 mm long, inflated upwards; middle lobe of the lower lip narrowly obovoid, rounded, crisped, 6 to 7 mm long, densely villous on the median portion inside, the lateral lobes and the upper lip 3 to 4 mm long. Filaments slightly villous below. Ovary ovoid, villous at the apex ; style glabrous, 9 mm long. Fruit black when dry, glabrous, oblong- ovoid, rounded at the apex, about 1 cm long, the calyx persistent, accres- cent, somewhat saucer-shaped, 6 to 7 mm in diameter. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Siocon River, For. Bur. 9^90 Whitford cC- Hutchinson, February, 1908; For. Bur. 112^5 Hutchinson, March, 1908. A speci- men collected by R. S. Williams, No. 29J/9, in the District of Davao, Mindanao, is probably referable here; it is with mature fruits, and is entirely glabrous. This species is most closely allied to Vitex littoralis Dene. ; but is at once distinguishable by its five leaflets which are not at all glandular beneath. It is distinguished from V. turezaninowii Merr. by its purplish, not yellow flowers, non-glandular leaves and inflorescence, and other characters. It is locally known as Malaun aso, and to the Moros as Calipapa aso. ACANTHACE2E. JUSTICIA Linn. Justicia tenuis sp. nov. Herba. annua, suberecta, diffusa, vel procumbens, usque ad 20 cm alta ; foliis membranaeeis, ovatis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, ramis ramulisque angulatis, plus minus hirsutis; inflorescentiis spicatis, terminalibus axillaribusque, tenuibus; bracteis lanceolatis vel ovatis, acu- minatis; calycis segmentis 5, anguste lanceolatis, acuminatis, hyalinis; corolla 2-lobata, lobis imbricatis; seminibus 4, verrucosis. An annual, suberect, diffuse, or procumbent, rather weak herb, 20 cm high or less. Stems and branches slender, angled, more or less covered with weak white hairs, the leaves also with a few similar ones. Leaves ovate, 1 to 2 cm long, membranaceous, acute or slightly acuminate, the base broad, rounded; I jtioles very short. Spikes many, slender, short, 322 MERRILL. axillary, and terminating the branches, 1 to 3 cm long, few-flowered, the flowers distant or close, Flowers blue, the bracteoles paired, the lower pair 2.5 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate, slightly hairy, the upper pair larger, ovate to elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate, green with hyaline margins, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide. Sepals 5, free or nearly so, hyaline, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, apex slenderly acuminate, more or less ciliate-hairy. Corolla about 5 mm long, blue, the tube short, 1 mm long, glabrous, 2-lobed, lobes imbricate, the larger, outer lobe inclosing the other in bud, 4 mm long, obovate, 3-lobed, the terminal lobe broad, refuse, the lateral ones ovate, blunt ; the smaller, inner corolla- lobe ovate, entire, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, blunt-acuminate. Stamens 2; filaments about 2 mm long; anthers 2-celled, one cell above the other, the lower cell spurred at the base, the spur rounded at its tip ; pollen elliptic. Ovary glabrous, ovoid; style simple, 2.5 to 3 mm long. Fruit (immature) oblong, compressed, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, hyaline, apiculate, containing four rounded, compressed, verrucose seeds. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 2312 Mearns, February, 1907 ; Vin- tar, For. Bur. 13509 Merritt & Darling; Pasuquin, For. Bur. 15536 Merritt <6 Darling, November, 1908, in open grass-lands, etc., 100 to 400 m altitude. Possibly most closely allied to Justicia procumhens Linn., which it resembles in habit, but is much more slender than any forms of that species known to me, differing in its very slender, continuous or interrupted spikes, five, instead of four sepals, its blue corolla, and many other characters. STROB1 LANTH ES Blume. Strob ilanthes mearnsii sp. nov. Herba erecta, omnibus partibus plus minus hirsutis; foliis oblongo- lanceolatis, vel late ovato-lanceolatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, longe tenuiter acuminatis, dentieulatis, in paribus inaequalibus ; inflorescentiis laxis, paucifloris, pedunculis longis, hirsutis; floribus congestis, paucis; sepalis circiter 6 mm longis, anguste lanceolatis, hirsutis; corolla alba, usque ad 2.7 cm longa ; staminibus 4; filamentis villosis. An erect, branched herb, more or less villous or hirsute throughout, exceeding 60 cm in height. Branches terete, slender, dark-green or brownish, hirsute. Leaves opposite, in unequal pairs, oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, hirsute, membranaceous, the larger ones 8 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the smaller ones of each pair half as large or smaller, acuminate at both ends, the apex slenderly so, dentate, the upper surface with numerous small rhaphides; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petioles densely hirsute, 1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, 7 to 10 cm long, few-flowered, hirsute, the flowers capitate at the ends of the few branches, 3 to 5 flowers in a head, the bracts foliaceous, deciduous. Calyx about 8 mm long, the lobes 6 mm long, narrowly lanceolate. Corolla white, about 2.7 cm long, the tube slender below, widened above, slightly hirsute outside, subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4; filaments villous; anthers 1.3 mm long. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 323 Luzon, Province of Benguet, Mount Tonglon, Mearns s. n., December. 1906; Mount Ugo, For. Bur. 15920 Bacani, Bur. Sci. 5727 Ramos. December, 1908. A species allied to Strobilanthes pluriformis Clarke, but distinguished from that and all other known Philippine forms in being strongly hirsute in all parts. RUBIACE2E. COPTOSAPELTA Korth. C. flavescens Korth. Ned. Kruid. Arch. 2 (1851) 113; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (18571 155; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 35; King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 72- (1903) 138. Randia olaciformis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 163. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1220. Randia olaciformis Merr. must be reduced to Coptosapelta flavescens Korth., a species extending from Burma to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, and the first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines. Hooker f. gives Webera macrophylla Roxb. as a synonym of the above, which, if correctly reduced, would be the earliest specific name for the species. Roxburgh’s description, however, does not seem to me to apply to Coptosapelta flavescens Korth. DAMNACANTHUS Gaertn. Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f. Fruct, 3 (1805) 18, t. 182; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 473; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 158; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1888) 386. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 7856 Curran & Merritt, November, 1907, Bur. Sci. 21)32 Foxworthy, March, 1907, altitude 1,400-2,000 m. The first representative of the genus for the Philippines, an interesting addition to the continental element in the Philippine flora ; eastern Himalayan region to southern China and Japan. GREEN EA Wight & Arnott. Greenea longiflora sp. nov. Arbor parva, circiter 8 ra alta, ramulis petiolis foliis cymisque hirsutis ; foliis oblongo-eilipticis, papyraceis, 20 ad 30 cm longis, apice acntis vel obscure acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15 ; cymis axillaribus, subscor- poideis, pauciramosis, usque ad 9 cm longis; floribus sessilibus, circiter 15 cm longis, 4-meris. A small tree about 8 m high. Branches densely hirsute with long brownish hairs. Leaves papyraceous, oblong-elliptic, 20 to 30 cm long, 10 to 12 cm wide, very sligthly shining, the lower surface somewhat paler than the upper, both surfaces with numerous spreading or appressed scattered hairs, those on the lower surface softer and paler than those on the upper; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations rather lax ; petioles densely hirsute, 2 to 1 cm long ; stipules membranaceous, caducous, oblong, about 4 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, hirsute. Cymes axillary, peduncled, 9 cm long or less, hirsute, the branches few. Blowers sessile, arranged 324 MERRILL. along one side of tlie branches. Calyx-tube very short, the limb mem- branaceous, 1 mm long, obscurely 4-toothed. Corolla-tube about 15 mm long, cylindric, 3 mm in diameter, the outside with very few short appressed hairs ; lobes 4, spreading or recurved, imbricate, broadly elliptic- ovate, acute or blunt, 4 to 4.5 mm long. Stamens 4, the filaments very short, inserted above the middle of the tube; anthers linear, 6 mm long, included. Style in the male flowers about 4 mm long, 4-cleft, obscurely pubescent. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Tibucuy, For. Bur. 9Jf30 Whitford & Hutchinson, February, 1908, in forests at an altitude of about 20 m. The first species of the genus to be reported from the Philippines, allied to Greenea corymlosa (Jack) K. Sch., of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, but abundantly distinct. GREENIOPSIS gen. nov. Calycis tubus turbinatus; limbi lobi 5, subaequales, breves, sub- rotundati, corolla breviter infundibularis, fauce villosa; limbi lobi 5, breves, rotundati, in alabastro sinistrorsum contorto-imbricati. Stamina 5, fauci corollae inserta, inclusa, filamentis brevibus ; antherae dorso supra basin affixae, ellipticae. Ovarium 2-loculare; stylus gracilis, lobis stig- matis brevibus, crassis; ovula in loculis plurima, in placentis septo longitudinaliter adnatis conferta. Capsula oblonga vel ovoidea, 2-locu- laris, septicide 2-valvis, coriacea. Semina numerosissima, elongata praecipue in nucleo reticulato-areolata. Arbores. Folia opposita, char- tacea vel subcoriacea, oblongo-obovata vel elliptico-obovata, petiolata. Stipulae amplae, deciduae, interpetiolares, acuminatae. Flores parvi. Inflorescentia terminalis, multiflora, cymis amplis, paniculatis, ramis ramulisque patulis. This proposed new genus is allied to Emmenopterys of southern China and to Mussaendiopsis of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo, but differs from both in none of its calyx lobes being accrescent, and from the latter also in its stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube. It consists of two closely allied Philippine species, the following, the type of the genus, which has been previously referred to Greenea, species undetermined, and the plant described by Mr. Elmer as Mussaendiopsis multiflora. Greeniopsis philippininensis sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta; foliis oblongo-obovatis vel elliptico-obovatis, subchartaceis, nitidis, 20 ad 30 cm longis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi augustatis, decurrento-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 18, prominen- tibus, glabris vel junioribus subtus minus hirsutis; paniculis terminalibus, amplis, ramis ramulisque patentibus, circiter 20 cm longis; floribus breviter pedicellatis, albis, 4 ad 5 mm longis; capsulis ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, 4 mm longis, extus griseo-pubescentibus, septicide 2-valvatis, apice limbo persistente coronatis. A tree about 10 m high. Branches terete, reddish-brown, rugose, the younger branches reddish-brown, smooth, glabrous or sometimes hirsute. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 325 Leaves opposite, oblong-obovate to elliptic-obovate, 20 to 30 cm long, 7 to 12 cm wide, shining, glabrous, or when young somewhat hirsute beneath, subchartaceous, the apex rather abruptly short-acuminate ; nerves 15 to 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent on both surfaces, the reticulations subparallel; petioles 1. 5 to 2 cm long, glabrous, or when young somewhat hirsute; stipules interpetiolar, oblong-lanceolate, brown, glabrous or sometimes hirsute, 1 to 3 cm long, deciduous, acuminate, sometimes cleft. Panicles terminal, grayish-appressed-pubescent, ample, the branches and branclilets spreading, many flowered, the flowers mostly on the upper half of the branches alternate, not or rarely secund. Flowers white, short-pedicelled. Calyx turbinate, the tube short, about 1 mm long and nearly 2 mm wide, appressed-gray-pubescent outside, the limb 1.5 mm long, with 5 broad, short, rounded teeth which are slightly ciliate on the margins, none of them accrescent. Corolla-tube about 3 mm long, somewhat widened above, the limb with 5 rounded lobes about 1 mm long, in bud somewhat overlapping to the left, the throat densely villous within below the anthers. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla- lobes, the filaments short, inserted on the throat of the tube; anthers elliptic, attached at the back above the base, about 1 mm long,- obtuse, longitudinally 2-celled, included. Ovary 2-celled; ovules indefinite, on the central placenta which is adnate to the disseptment ; style 3 mm long, entire, crowned by the subcapitate or ellipsoid stigma which is about 1.2 mm long and somewhat cleft at the apex. Capsule coriaceous, ap- pressed-gray-pubescent, ellipsoid or ovoid, about 4 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm thick, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb, septicidal, 2-valved, 2-celled; seeds numerous, elongated, rather pointed at both ends, some- times angular, 1 mm long, externally reticulate-areolate. Samar, Borongan, Merrill 5216 (type of the genus and species), October, 1906, in flower and fruit, growing along the border of a Nipa swamp; without definite locality, Cuming 1113, in fruit, in Herb. Kew. sub Greenea. Luzon, Province of Albay, Cabit, Bur. Sci. 61/.02 Robinson, August 31, 1908, near hot springs along the seashore, with flowers and fruits; Manito, For. Bur. 10580 Curran, June, 1908, along the seashore, in fruit. In young specimens, such as the type, the branchlets, inflorescence, and the midrib and nerves on the under surface of the leaves are supplied with numerous long, brownish hairs, but these are deciduous, the mature specimens being glabrous or subglabrous with the exception of the more or less pubescent inflorescence. Green iops is multiflora (Elmer) comb. nov. Mussaendiopsis multiflora Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 14. This differs from the above in having leaves with from 9 to 12 pairs of lateral nerves only, the fruits relatively longer and narrower (5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm thick), and which are secund on the ultimate branchlets of the infrutesence. In habit and general appearance it strongly resembles the preceding species, but can be distinguished by the above characters. The flowers are unknown. Dinagat, Ahern 1/90. (type) N. v., Hamagos. 326 MERRILL. LITOSANTHES Blume. L. biflora Blume Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 21; Bijdr. (1826) 994; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 314; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 465. Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Adlumay Hills, For. Bur. 12383 Curran, June, 1908. Mindoro, Mount Halcon, Merrill 6112, November, 1906; Mount Sablanga, For. Bur. 11002 Merritt, March, 1908; Mount Teluti, For. Bur. lllftS Merritt, May, 1908. Negros, Elmer. The first representative of this small genus to be found in the Philippines; Java and Celebes. Two species have been described from New Guinea. NAUCLEA I. inn. Nauclea jagori sp. nov. Arbor vel arbuscula glabra; foliis lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis, longe sensim acuminatis, 8 ad 20 cm longis, 9 ad 18 mm latis, basi angustatis, subeoriaceis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; capitulis solitariis, circiter 3 cm diametro stylis exclnsis ; corolla glabra, 1 cm longa. s A shrill) or tree, glabrous. Branches grayish-brown, terete, the branch- lets somewhat compressed. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 8 to 20 cm long, 9 to 18 mm wide, subcoriaceous, shining, brownish when dry, the base narrowed, acute, the apex long and gradually acuminate; nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations indistinct; petioles 3 to 7 mm long; stipules oblong, obtuse, 12 to 15 mm long,- 3 mm wide, slightly hirsute below, caducous. Heads solitary, the peduncles about 3 cm long, the bracts, if any, caducous, the heads, excluding the long exserted styles, about 3 cm in diameter. Corolla 1 cm long, glabrous, widened upward, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide. Anthers 1.7 mm long. Style about 1.5 cm long; stigma about 2.5 mm long, swollen in the middle. Cocci 8 mm long; seeds, including the narrow, acuminate wings, 4 mm long, slightly pubescent. Samar, F. Jagor 987, in Herb. Berol. A very characteristic species, at once distinguished from most hitherto described ones in the genus by its very narrow leaves. It is apparently allied to Nauclea angustifolia Havil., of Borneo, and N. chalmersii F. Muell., of New Guinea, both of which have very narrow leaves, but the present species differs from these in its more numerously nerved leaves and larger flowers. PLECTRONIA Linn. Plectronia megacarpa sp. nov. Arbor glabra circiter 15 m alta; foliis coriaceis, elliptico-ovatis vel obovato-elliptieis, circiter 20 cm longis, brunneis, nitidis, apice rotundatis vel late obscure acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, prominentibus, nervulis obscuris; fructibus axillaribus, pedicellatis, obo- voideis, compressis vel trigonis, 2- vel 3-locellatis, 1.5 cm longis, apice truncatis vel retusis, basi acutis. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, VII. 327 A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches brownish, terete or slightly compressed. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-ovate or obovate-elliptic, about 20 cm long, 9 to 11 cm wide, the upper surface brown, shining, the lower paler, dull, margins somewhat recurved, apex broad, rounded, or broadly and obscurely blunt-acuminate, base cuneate, sometimes slightly acuminate; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the nervules and reticulations obscure; petioles stout, 2 to 2.5 cm long; stipules deciduous, ovate, acuminate, less than 5 mm long. Flowers unknown. Infrutescence axillary, umbellate, the peduncle stout, about 5 mm long, the pedicels 1.5 to 3 cm long. Fruit yellow when fresh, 1.5 cm long, obovoid, trigonous and three-celled, or somewhat compressed and two-celled, nearly 1.5 cm' thick above the middle, the. apex truncate or retuse, the base acute. Luzon, Province of Zambales, near Santa Cruz, altitude 100 m, For. Bur. 8232 Curran